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LIBRARY CATALOGUE SLIPS.

United States. Department of the interior. (U. S. geological survey.)
Department of the interior | — | Monographs | of the | United

States geological survey I Volume XVII 1 [Seal of the department] |
Washington | government printing ofiice | 1891
Second title: United States geological survey | J. W. Powell,

director | — | The flora | of the | Dakota group | a posthumous

work I by | Leo Lesquereux | Edited by F. H. Knowlton (

[Vignette] |
Washington | government printmg office | 1891
4°. 400 pp. 66 pi.

Lesquereux (Leo).

United States geological survey | J. W. Powell, director | — |
The flora | of the | Dakota group | a posthumous work | by | Leo
Lesquereux | Edited by F. H. Knowlton | [Vignette] |

Washiugtou | government printing office | 1891

4°. 400 pp. 66 pi.

[United States. Department of the interior. (U. S. geological survey).
Monograph XVII.]

United States geological survey | J. W. Powell, director | — |
The flora | of the | Dakota group | a posthumous work | by ( Leo
Lesquereux | Edited by F. H. Knowlton | [Vignette] |

Washington | government printing office | 1891

4°. 400 pp. 66 pi.

[United States. Department of the interior. (U. S. geological survey.)
Monogiaph SVII.]

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2009 with funding from

Boston Library Consortium IVIember Libraries

http://www.archive.org/details/floraofdakotagroOOIesq

[Monograph XVII.]

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71. Index to the Known Fossil Insects of the World, including Myriapods and Arachnids, by
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72. Altitudes between Lake Superior and the Rocky Mountains, by Warren Upham. 1891. 8°.
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76. A Dictionary of Altitudes in the United States (second edition), compiled by Henry Gannett,
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77. The Texan Permian and its Mesozoic types of Fossils, by Charles A. White. 1891. 8°. 51
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78. A report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiscal year
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79. A Late Volcanic Eruption in Northern California and its peculiar lava, by J. S. Diller.

80. Correlation papers— Devonian and Carboniferous, by Henry Shaler Williams. 1891. 8°.
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81. Correlation papers— Cambrian, by Charles Doolittle Walcott. 1691. 8°. 447 pp. 3 pi.
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82. Correlation papers— Cretaceous, by Charles A. White. 1891. 8°. 273 pp. 3 pi. Price

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91. Record of North American Geology for 1890, by Nelson Horatio Darton. 1891. 8°. 88 pp.
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In press:

84. Correlatiou papers — Neocene, by W. H. Dall and G. D. Harris.

90. A report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiscal
year 1890-'91. F. W. Clarke, chief chemist.

92. The Compressibility of Liquids, by Carl Barus.

93. Some Insects of special interest from Florissant, Colorado, by S. H. Scudder.

94. The Mechanism of Solid Viscosity, by Carl Barus.

95. Earthquakes in California during 1890-91, by E. S. Holden.

96. The Volume Thermodynamics of Liquids, by Carl Barus.

97. The Mesozoic Echinodermata of the United States, by W. B. Clark.

98. Flora of the Outlying Coal Basins of Southwestern Missouri, by David Whit^

In preparation :

— Correlation papers — Jura-Trias, by I. C. Eussell.

— Correlation papers — Algonkian and Archean, by C. K. Van Hise.

— Correlation papers — Pleistocene, by T. C. Chamberlin.

— The Eruptive and Sedimentary Rooks on Pigeon Point, Minnesota, and their contact phe-
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— The Moraines of the Missouri Coteau and their attendant deposits, by James Edward Todd.

— A Bibliography of Paleobotany, by David White.

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Mineral Resources of the United States [1882], by Albert Williams, jr. 1883. 8°. xvii, 813 pp.
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Mineral Resources of the United States, 1883 and 1884, by Albert Williams, jr. 1885. 8°. xiv,
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Mineral Resources of the United States, 1885. Division of Mining Statistics and Technology.
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Mineral Resources of the United States, 1886, by David T. Day. 1887. 8°. vili, 813 pp. Price
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Mineral Resources of the United States, 1887, by David T. Day. 1888. 8°. vii, 832 pp. Price
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Mineral Resources of the United States, 1888, by David T. Day. 1890. 8°. vii, 652 pp. Price
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lications of the Survey should be addressed

To THE Director of the

United States Geolctgical Survey,

Washington, D. C.
Washington, D. C, February, 1893.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

MONOGRAPHS

United States Geological Survey

VOLUME XVII

W ASHIJS^GTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1892

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

J. W. POWELL, DIRECTOR

THE FLORA

D^KOT^ GROXJF

A POSTHUMOUS VV^ORK

LEO LESQUEREUX

EDITED BY V. H. KNOWLTON

.A\7

WASH INGTON

GOTKRNMENT PRINTING- OFFICE
1 891

CONTENTS.

Letter of transmittal 11

Editor's preface 1^!

Introduction 19

Description of species 23

Cryptogaraia 23

Fungi 23

Pyrenomycetes 23

Ferns 24

Polypodiacese 24

Phanerogamia 26

GymnospermsB 2G

* CycadacesB 26

Conifer* 32

Conifers of uncertain relation 36

Monocotyledoues 3'

Graminete - 37

AlismacesB 37

Aracese 38

PalmiB 39

Liliaceje 40

DioscoreacesB 41

BromeliacesB --- 41

Dicotyledones 42

Salicineije 42

Cupuliferae 51

MyrioacesB - 66

Juglandese 68

Platanaceae '^2

Urticaceaj ' ^

BalanopLoreje S7

Proteaceaj — ^9

Laurineae '"■

MonimiaceEB - 10^

AristolocliieaB 109

EbenaceaB 109

Sapotacese 113

Myrsineie 114

EricaceiB . H"'

Capri foliacese H''

Cornaceaj - I'-''

Araliaceai 12^^

5

6 CONTENTS.

Page.

Description of species — Continued.
Dicotyledoues — Coutimied.

My rtaceie ...' 136

HamamelideiB 1 39

Rosacea! 142

Leguminosie 145

Anacardiacea? 154

Aceraceai 156

Sapindace® 158

Ampelidaceaa 159

Ehamnefe - 165

CelastrineiB 172

Iliciueip 176

Tiliacea? 180

Stercnliaceie 182

Menispermacea' 196

Auonacea' 198

Magnoliacc* 198

Genera and species of uncertain relation 212

Aspidiopliyllum 212

Phyllites 213

Ptenostrobus 219

Nordenskioldia 219

Carpites 220

Table of distribution 222

Analysis of the Dakota Grouj) Flora 226

ILLUSTRATIONS,

I. Figs. 1, Iff. Asplenium Dicbsonianuni Heer.
Pigs. 2, 3. Pteria dakotensis sp. nov.
Fig. 4. Podozamites angustifoUus Eichw.
Figs. 5, 6. Podozamites lanceolatus Schimp.
Fig. 7. Podozamites stenopus, sp. nov.
Fig. 8. Zamites apeciea.
Figs. 9, 10. Dammarites candatus Lesq.
Fig. 11. Dammarites euiarginatas Lesq.
Fig. 12. Encephalartos cretaceiis, sp. nov.
Fig. 13. Bromelia? tenaifolia, sp. nov.
Fig. 14. Cycadeosperraum lineatum, sp. nov.
II. Figs. 1, 2, 3. Phyllocladus sabintegrifoliua

Lesq.
Fig. 4. Sequoia Keiclienbaclii Heer.
t^g. 5. Brachypliyllum crassum sp. nov.
Fig. 6. Cycadites pnngens, ap. nov^
Fig. 7. Phyllitea zaniijeformia, sp. nov.
Fig. 8. Pliragmitea cretaceiia Leaq.
Figs. 9, 9a. Williamaonia eloeata, ap. nov.
Fig. 10. Alismaciteadakotensia, sp. nov.
Fig. 11. Myrica aspera, sp.nov.
Fig. 12. Myrica Schimperi, ap. nov.
m. Figs. 1-6.- Myrica longa Heer.
Fig. 7. Salix Hayei. sp.nov.
Fig. 8. Salis deleta, sp.nov.
Figs. 9-11. Populua hyperborea Heer.
Fig. 12. Populus stygia Heer.
Fig. 13. Ficua detiesa, sp.nov.
Fig. 14. Quercua (Dryopbyllnui) Hosiana, sp.

nov.
Fig. 15. Qaercns (Dryophyllum) hieracifolia

Hos. and v. d. Marck.
Fig. 16. Betula Beatriciana Lesq.
IV. Figs. 1-4. Betulites Westii, sp.nov., var. sub-

integrifoliua, u. var.
Figs. 5-8. Betulitea "Westii, sp. nov., var.

obtnsua. n. var.
Figs. 9-11. Betnlites "Weatii, sp. nov., var. lati,

foUua, n. var.
Figs. 12-lG. Betulitea Weatii, sp. nov., var.

rotundatiis. n.var.
Figs. 17-19. Betulites Weatii, sp. nov., var-

oblongus. n. var.
Figa. 20-22. Betulites Weatii, sp. nov., var.

multinervis, n. var.
V. Figa. 1-4. Betulites Snowii, ap. nov.

Fig. 5. Betulitea Weatii, ap. nov., var. reni-

I'ormis, n. var.

Plate V. Figs. 6. 7. Betulites Westii, sp.nov., var. rbom
boidalia, n.var.
Fig. 8. Betulites Westii, ap. nov., var.cunealus.

n. var.
Fig. 9. Betulites Westii, ap. nov., var. quad-

ratifolins, n.var.
Figs. 10-13. Betulites Westii, sp. nov., v.nr. in

ffiquilateralis, n.var.
Fig. 14. Betulitea Westii, sp. nov., var. laucto

latus, n. var.
Figs. 15-17. Betulites Westii, ap. iiov., v:ir

crassus, n var.
Fig. 18. Stipules of Belulitea.
VI. Figa. 1,2. Betulites populitblina,ep. nov.
Figa. 3-5. Betulites rngo.sus, sp.nov.
Fig. 6. Quercus glascoena sp. nov.
Fig. 7. Saaaafras (Araliopsia) papillosum, sp.
nov.
VII. Fig. 1. Quercus Wardiana, sp.nov.
Fig. 2. Galla quercina, ap. nov.
Fig. 3. Quercus alnoides, ap.uov.
Fig. 4. Qnercus dakotensia Leaq.
Fig. 5. Quercus bexagona Leaq.
Fig. 6. Ilex Masoni Leaq.
Fig. 7. Populites litigiosus (Heer) Leaq.
Figa. 8. 9. Populites Sternbergii, sp. nov.
Vm. Fig. 1. Populus hyperborea Heer.
Figs. 2^. Populus Berggreui Heer.
Fig. 5. Populites litigiosus Heer.
Fig. 6. Fruiting catkin of Salix.
Fig. 7. Platauus primpeva Lesq.
Figa. 8, Hh. Floweraof Platanusprimieva Lesq.
IX. Figs. 1, 2. Platanua prima?va Lesq. var.
grandidentata n. var.
Figa. 3, 4. Platauus primajva Leaq. var. sub-
integvifolia n. var.
X. Fig. 1. Platanua prima^va Lesq.
Fig. 2. Plaiauus obtusiloba Leaq.
Figs. 3-6. Ficus aligera, sp. nov.
Figa. 7, 8. Fruits of Ficus.
Fig. 9. Pb>llites ilicifolius, ap. nov.
XL Fig. 1. Ficus mrtcropbylla, sp. nov.
Fig. 2. Persea Leconteana Lesq.
Fig. 3. Laurua antecedtns sp. nov.
Fig. 4. CiBnamomum Scbeucbzeri Heer.
Fig. 5. Litsea falcifolia, ap. nov.
XII. Fig. 1, Myrica emarginata Heer.
Fig. 2. Ficua pvoteoidea, sp.nov.
Fig. 3. Ficua Bertboudi, sp. nov.

7

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Plate XII. F:

Fig.

Fig.

Fi:

Fi,

g.4. Ficus Miidgei, ap. iiov.

>. Ficus { undulata, sp. nov.
gs. 6, 7. Ciunamoiuum sezaunense Watlet.

8. Laurus Holhv Heer.
gs. 1,2. Fieiis glnscoeua Lesq.
g. 3. Ficus crassipes Heer.
g.4. Ficus lauceolatoacumiuata Ett,
iga.D, C. Laurus plutouia Heer.

Lauropbylliiin ellsworthianum Lesq.

:9. 8, 9. Colutea primordialis Heer.

,. 10. Legumiuosites coronilloidea '-? Heer.

;. 11. Legumiuosites podogouialia, sp. iiov.

;. 1. Sassafras (Araliopsis) dissectum Lesq.

;. 2. Sassafras aubiutegriiblium Lesq.

;. 3. Diospyros apiculata, sp. nov.

;. 1, CiuuamomuQi Heerii Lv»i\.

;. 2. Litsea cretacea, sp. uov.

;. 3. Aralia subeniargiuata Lesq.
ig. 4. Aralia Masoni, sp. nov.
g. 5. Proteoides lancifolius Heer.
gs. 1,2. Lindera veuiista, sp. uov.
g. 3. Ficus deliexa, sp. nov.
g. 4. Ficus magnoliLL'folia Lesq.
g. 5. Persea Scbimperi. sp. uov.

:. 6. Persea Hayana, sp. nov.

7. Laurus angusta Heer.

8. Laurus (Carpites) microcarpa, sp. nov.

9. Diospyros Steonslrupi i Heer.

10. Sassafras primordiale, sp. nov.

11. Aralia berberidifolia, sp. uov.
g3.1-7. Populus kansaseana, sp. nov.
gs.8-11. Diospyrosrotundifolia (Heer) Lesq.
gs. 12, 13, 14. Hederaorbiculata Lesq.

g. 15. Hedera ovalis Lesq.
g. 16. Andromeda Snowii. sp.nov.
gs. 1", 18. Androroeda erotacea, sp. nov.
g. 1. Hedera cretacea, sp. uov.
gs. 2, 3. Hedera mici-opbylla, sp. nov.
;s.4, 5. Hedera Scbimperi, sp.nov.
g. 6. Hedera decurrena, sp. nov.
gs. 7, 8. Andromeda Pfaffiana Heer.
gs. 9, 10. Lindera Masoni, sp.nov.
g. 11. Cissites Brownii Lesq.
gs. 12-14. Cissites populoides, sp. nov.

1. Audromeda Parlatorii Heer.

. 2, 2a. Cissites ingens, ap. nov.

3. Ju^^Ians arctica Heer.
gs. 1, 2, 3. Dio.spyros primseva Heer.

.4-6. Viburnum robustum, sp. nov.

7. Diospyros ? celastroides, sp. nov.

8. Laurelia primteva.sp. nov.

9. Phyllites Vanonje Heer.

igs. 10-12. Persoonia Lesqiiereuxii Knowl-
ton, u. sp.
;, 1. Aralia 'Wellingtoniana, ap. nov,
1. 2, 3. Viburnum in;equilaterale, sp. nov.
.g.4. Viburnum grewiopsideum, sp. nov.

5. Cissites forraosus Heer.

6. Viburnam ellsworthianam, sp.nov.

g. 7. Leguminosites trnncatus Knowlton,

sp.nov.
g. 1. Diospyros pseudo-anceps, sp. nov.
.. 2, 3. Aralia Wellingtoniana, sp. nov
g. 4. Sterculia aperta Lesq.
g. 0. Laurus plutonia Heer.
gs. 6, 7. Carpites tiliaceus f Heer.

Figs.

Plate XXII. Fig. 8. Calycitea species.

Fig. 9. Carpites cordiformis, sp. nov.

XXIII. Figs. 1, 2. Aralia Saportaua Lesq., var. de-

fopmata, n. var.
Figs. 3, 4. Aralia Towneri Lesq.
Fig. 5. Coriius priecox, sp.nov.
Fig. 6. Cissites alatns, sp.nov.

XXIV. Fig. 1. Magnolia tenuifolia Lesq.

Fig. 2. Magnolia pseudo-acuminata, sp. uov.

Pig. 3. Magnolia amplifolia Heer.

Fig. 4. Liriodendron prima-vumNewb.

Fig. 5. Andromeda cretacea, sp. nov.
XXV. Fig. 1. Liriodendron giganteum Lesq.

Figs. 2,3,4. Liriodendron aemi-alatum Lcaq

Fig. 5. Liriodendron intermedium Lesq.

Fig. 6. Apeibopsis cyclopbylla, sp.nov.
XXVI. Figs. 1-4. Liriodendron prira?evum Newb.

Fig. 5. Liriodendron giganteum Lesq.
XXVIL Fig. 1. Liriodendron giganteum Lesq.

Figs. 2, 3. Liriodendron acuminatum Lesq.

Figs. 4, 5. Liriodendron pinuatifidum Lesq.
XXVIII. Figs. 1,2. Liriodendron giganteum, var. cru-
ciformis Lesq.

Fig. 3. Liriodendron AVellingtouii, sp.nov.

Fig. 4. Liriodendron acuminatum Lesq., var.
bilobatnm, n. var.

Figs. 5, 6. Liriodendron M-^ekii Heer.

Fig. 7. Liriopbyllum obcordatum Lesq.
XXIX. Figs. 1,2. Liriodendron Snowii Lesq.

Fig. 3. Liriodendron semi-alatum Lesq.

Fig. 4. Liriodendron Tulipifera Linn.

Figs. 5, 6. Parrotia Winobellii Lesq.

Fig. 7. Meuispermites rugosus, sp.nov.

Fig. 8. Ilex arraata, sp. nov.

Figs. 9, 10. Ilex papillosa, sp.nov.

Fig. 11. Ilex dakotensis, sp.nov.
XXX. Fig. ]-4. Sterculia mucronata, sp.nov.

Fig. 5. Sterculia Snowii, sp.nov.

Fig. 6. PaiTotia Canfieldi, sp. nov.
XXXI. Fig. 1. Aralia Towneri Lesq.

Fig. 2. Sterculia Snowii, sp. nov.

Fig. 2. Sphteria problematica Knowlton, on
Sterculia Snowii, sp. uov.

Fig. 2a. Spha?ria problematica Knowlton.

Fig. 3. Sterculia Snowii, ? sp. nov.
XXXIL Fig. 1. Sterculia Snowii, sp.nov.
XXXm. Fig. 1-4. Sterculia Snowii, sp.nov.

Fig. 5. Cissites obtusilobus, sp.nov.
SXXIV. Fig. 1-9. Acerites multiformis, sp.nov.

Fig. 10. Sterculia reticulata, sp.nov.

Fig. 11. Magnolia alternans Heer.
XXXV. Figs. 1, 2. Sapindus Morrisoni Lesq.

Fig. 3. Paliurus cretaceus, sp. nov.

Fig. 4. Paliurus anceps, sp. nov.

Fig. 5. Paliurus membranaceus Lesq.

Fig. 6. Paliurus obovatus, sp. nov.

Fig. 7. Paliurus ovalis Dawson.

Fig. 8. Ilex borealis Heer.

Figs. 9-11. Juglaudites sinuatus, sp.nov.

Figs. 12, 13. Ehamnus similis, sp.nov.

Fig. 14. Khamuua prunifolius, Lesq.

Fig. 15. Jnglandites primordialis, sp.nov.
XXXVI. Fig. 1. Celastropbyllum decurrens, sp. nov.

Figs. 2, 3. Elseodendron speciosum, sp. nov.

Figs. 4-7. Zizyphus dakotensis, ap.nov.

Fig. 8. Dnpbnophyllumaugustifolium, sp.nov.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Plate.

XXSVI.

XXXVI r. F:

XXXVIII. Fi

. 9. Protophyllum denticulatum, sp. nov.

, 10. Hedera Schimperi Lesq.

. 11. Protopliyllum creduerioidea Lesq.

. 1. Juglandites ellsworthianus. .sp. iiov.

3. 2,3. KhamDua Mudgei, sp. uov.

9. i-?. Rhamnua in;e qui lateral! 3, ap. nov.

. 8-13. Rbamnites apiculatus, ap. uov.

9. 14-19. Eucalyptus dakotensis, ap. nov.

.20. Eucalyptus GeiuitzU Heer.

. 1. Cratseguslaurenciana. ap. nov.

, 2. Phyllites Snowii, sp.nov.

. 3. Cassia problematica, sp.nov.

. 4. Leguminositesomphalobioides, sp. nov-

. 5. Leguminositea dakotensia, sp. nov.

. 6. Rhamnus tenax Lesq.

. 7. Andromeda tenuinervis, sp.nov.

. 8. Calliatemopliyllura Heerii Ett.

a. 9, 10. Rhus ? Weatii Knowlton ap. nov.

. 11. Andromeda affinia Leaq.

s. 12-14. Celastrophyllum cretaceum, ep.

15, Phyllites perplesua, ep. nov.
ig. 16. Leguminosites podogonialis, fruit of.
ig. 17. Carpites coniger, ap.nov.
ig. 1. Aspidiopbyllum dentatuin Leaq.
igs. 2-4. Parrotia grandidentata, sp. nov.
Juglans arctica Heer.
XL. Eig. 1. Protophyllum Leconteanum Lesq.
XLI. Fig. 1. Protophyllum dimorphum, sp.nov.
iga. 2, 3. Protophyllum prjestans, sp. nov.
Protophyllum Sternbergii Lesq.
Fig. 2. Protophyllum undulatum, sp. nov.
;s. 3, 4. Protophyllum praestans, sp. nov.
J. 5. Phyllites Vanonee Heer.
;. 1. Protophyllum Haydenii Lesq.
ig. 2. Protophyllum multinerve Lesq.
ig. 3. Protophyllum integerrimum, sp. nov.
CS. 4, 5, Protophyllum creduerioidea Leaq.
js. 1, 2. Protophyllum Haydenii Lesq.
ig. 3. Leguminosites constrictus, ap. nov.
ig. 4 Leguminosites convolutua, sp. nov.
ig. 5. Phyllitea laurenciauus, sp.nov.
ig. 6. Nordenakioldiaborealia Heer.
igs. 7, 8. Cycadeospernium columnare, sp^
nov.
iga. L-4. Viburnum ? craaaum, sp. nov.

5. Vibumitea Maaoni, sp. nov.

6. Phyllitea Lacoei, sp. uov.

1. Aiiaasma crotacea, sp. nov.

2. Smilas undulata, ap. nov.

3. Smilax grandiiblia-cretacea sp. nov.
ig. 4. Populus barkeriana, sp.nov.

J. 5. Populitea elegans Leaq.
^ 6. Populitea litigiosua (Heer), Lesq.
ig. 1. Populitea litigiosus (Heer), Lesq.

1, 3. Populites elegaua Lesq.
ig. 4. Populitea litigiosua (Heer) Lesq.
5. Pox^ulus hyperborea Heer.
Fig. 6. Pagus orbiculata, sp. nov.

7. Quercus suspectii, sp. nov.
Figs. 1,2. Quercua auapecta, sp.nov.

3. Quercua apurio-ilex Knowlton, ap. nov.

4. Quercus rhamnoides, sp. nov.

5. Juglandites Lacoei, sp. nov.
I. 1-3. Juglans craasipea Heer.

4. Platanua primaeva, var. iutegrif'olia
Lesq.

XLIX. Fig. 5. Ficua praecursor, sp. nov.
Figs. 6-9. Eicua iuiequalia, ap. nov.
ij. Fig. 1. Ficua Sternbergii, sp. nov.
Fig. 2. Ficus molanopbylla, sp. nov.
Fig. 3. Ficus in^squalia, sp. nov.
Fig. 4. Laurus Knowltoni, ap. nov.
Fig. 5. Ficua Krauaiana Heer.
Fig. 6. Ficus intequalia sp. nov.
Fig. 7. Artocarpidium cretaceum Ett.
Fig. 8. Proteoides lancifoliusHeer.
Fig. 9. Laurus teliformig, ap. nov.
LI. .Figa. 1-4. Dapbnophyllum dakotense, sp. nov.
Fig. 5. Saasat'ras cretaceum Newb., var.

grossedeutatum Lesq., n. var.
Figa. 6, 7. Cinnamomum Marioui, sp. uov.
Figs. 8, 9. Cinnamomum ellipaoideum Sup. &

Mar.
Fig. 10. Bumelia ? rhoraboidea, ap. nov.
LII. Fig. 1. Dapbnophyllum dakotense, sp. nov.
Figs. 2, 3. Myrsine crassa, sp- nov.
Fig. 4. Myrsinites ? Gaudiui Lesq.
Fig. 5. Andromeda linilblia, sp. nov.
Fig. ti. Andromeda Parlatorii Heer.
Fig. 7. Andromeda Pfaffiana Heer.
Fig. 8. Viburnum LesquereuxU "Ward, sp

nov., var. rotundifolium Lesq., n. var.
Fig. 9. Viburnum Lesquereuxii "Ward,

nov., var. cordifolium Lesq., n. var.
Fig. 10. Viburnum Lesquereuxii Ward, sp,

nov., var. latior Leaq., d. var.

Fig. II. Nyssa Snowiana, sp. nov.

LIIL Fig. 1. Viburnum Leaquereuxii Ward,

nov., var. lougifolium Leaq., n. var.
Fig. 2. Viburnum Lesquereuxii Ward, sp.

nov., var. commune Lesq., n. var.
Fig. 3. Viburnum Lesquereuxii Ward, sp,

nov., var. lanceolatum Lesq., n. var.
Fig. 4. Viburnum spbenophyllum, Knowlton,

sp. nov.
Figs. 5-9. Eugenia primceva, sp. nov.
Fig. 10. Myrtophyllam Warderi, sp. nov.
LIV. Figa. 1-3. Aralia grrenlandica Heer.
Fig. 4. Leguminosites insularia Heer.
Figs. 5-7. Cratasgua tenuinervis, sp. nov.
Fig. 8. Cratiegus aceroidea, ap. nov.
LV. Fig. 1. CratiBgua aceroidea, sp. nov.
Figs. 2, 3. Hymenjea dakotana, sp. nov.
Fig. 4. Prunus (Amygdalus) ? antecedens, ap.

nov.
Figs. 5, 6. Phaaeolites forraosus, sp. nov.
Figs. 7-9. Leguminosites hymenophyllas, sp.

nov.
Fig. 10. Leguminosites phaaeolites ? Heer.
Fig. 11. Inga cretacea, sp. nov.
Fig. 12. Phaseolites formosua, sp. nov.
LVL Figs. 1, 2 . Hymenjea dakotana, sp. nov.

Fig. 3. Leguminositea hymenophyllus, sp. nov.
Figs. 4, 5. Rhus Powelliana, ap. nov.
LVII. Fig. 1. Anacarditea autiquua, sp. nov.
Fig. 2. Rhus Uddeni, sp. nov.
Figs. 3,4. Ciasitea ingens Lesq. var. parvifolia

n. var.
Fig. 5. Celastrophyllum obliquiim Knowlton,

sp. uov.
Figa. fi, 7. Celaatrophyllum craasipea, sp. nov.
Figa. 8, 9. Celastrophyllum myrainoides, ep.

10

ILLUSTRATIONS.

pterospermifoliuni. sp.
pseudospermoides, ap.

LVm. Fif:. 1. Cissites acerifoliiis, sp. nov.
LVm. Fig. 2. Ilex Scadderi, sp. nov.
Fig. 3. Ilex papulosa, sp. nov.
Fig. 4. Grewiopsis lequideutata, sp. nov.
I*ig. 5. Pterospermites modestus, ap. nov.
Fig. 6. Sterculia Suowii, sp. nov., var.
juncta, n. var.
LIS. Fig. 1. Protophyllii
nov.
Fig. 2. Protopliyllii

nov.
Fig. 3. Pterospermites longeacuminatiis, sp.

nov.
Fig. 4. Macclintockia cretacea Heer.
Fig. 4a. Sclerotiiam ? species.
Figs. 5, 6. Dewalquea dakotensis, sp. nov.
Fig. 7. Phyllites, species.
Fig. 8. PhyUites aristoloclii inform is, sp. nov.
LX. Fig, 1. MagnoliaLacoeana, sp. nov.
Fig. 2. Magnolia Boulayana, ap. nov.
Figs. 3, 4. Magnolia speciosa Heer.
Figs. 5, 6. Magnolia obtusata Heer.
LXI. Fig. 1. Phyllites celatus. sp. nov.

Fig. 2. Phyllites stipula^fonnis, sp.nov.
Fig. 3. Platanus cissoides, sp. nov.
Fig. 4. Phyllites erosus, sp. nov.
Fig. 5. Phyllites durescens, sp. nov.
LSII. Fig. 1. PhyUites amissns, sp. nov.

Fig. 2. Hymensa dakotana, sp. nov.
Figs. 3-4. Phyllites durescens. sp. nov.
Fig. 5. Carpites obovatus, sp. nov.
LXm.Figs. 1,2. Protophyllnmdenticiilatura, sp.nov
Fig. 3. Khamnus iniequilateralis sp.nov.
Fig. 4. Protophyllum minus Lesq.
Fig, 5. Rhamnites apicnlatns, sp.nov.

LXIII. Fig. 7. Ilex Masoni, sp.nov.
LXIV. Figs. 1-3. Salix protesefolia Lesq., var. line-
arifolia, n. var.
Figs. 4, 5. Salix protefefolia Lesq., var. flexu-

osa, n. var.
Figs. 6-8. Salix protejefolia Lesq., var. lanceo-

lata, n. var.
Fig. 9. Salix proteiefolia Lesq., var. longitblia,

Fig. 10.
deus,

Fig. 11.
Fig. 12.
Fig. 13,

nov.,
Fig. 14.
Fig. 15.
Fig. 16.
Fig. 17.
Fig. IB.
Fig. 19.

ifolia
LXV. Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig, 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7,

LXVL Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.

Betulites WestiiLesq-.var. grewiopsi-
n. var.

Apocnophyllnm sordidum, sp. nov.

Palgeocassia lanrinea, sp. nov.

Viburnum Les'quereuxii Ward, sp.
var. tenuifolia, n.var.

CratsBgus Lacoei, sp. nov.

Cornus platyphylloides, sp. nov.

Myrica obliqua, sp. nov.

Andromeda Wardiana, sp.nov.

Sapindus diversifolius, sp.nov.

Andromeda Parlatorii Heer, var. long-
i n.var,

Protophyllnm mnltinerve Lesq.
Magnolia Boulayana, sp. nov.
Sapotacites species.
Protophyllum crassum, sp.nov,
Rhamnus revoluta, sp. nov.
PhyUites innectens, sp. nov.
Protophyllum crenatum Knowlton, sp.
Capelllnii. •

Magnolia Capellinii? Heer.
Grataegus Lacoei 1 sp.nov.
Crewiopsis Mudgei, sp. nov.
Cissites dentato-lobatus, sp.nov.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

Department of the Interior,

U. S. Geological Survey,

Division of Paleobotany,
Washington, D. C, December 11, 1890.
Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith the mannscript and draw-
ings of a monograph of the flora of the Dakota Group, by Prof Leo Lesque-
renx, edited by Prof F. H. Knowlton, and to request its pubhcation.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

Lester F. Ward,

Geologist in charge.
Hon. J. W. Powell,

Director.

11

EDITOR'S PREFACE.

This volume upon the flora of the Dakota Group was the last work
upon which Prof. Lesquereux was engaged. He had ah-eady in his Creta-
ceous Floral and the Cretaceous and Tertiary Floras^ made extensive con-
tributions to the knowledge of Dakota Group plants, but by the discovery
of rich plant deposits in central and western Kansas, in Nebraska, Minne-
sota, and other places, much additional material was obtained. This ma-
terial had been collected from time to time until about 1885, when he set
to work to prepare a final monograph. The manuscript of this monograph,
which filled about 475 written pages and was accompanied by 45 quarto
plates, was completed and sent to the Director of the U. S. Geological Sur-
vey on February 21, 1888. It embraced descriptions and figures of 350
species of plants.

A few months after it had been sent to Washington, and before it could
be taken up for piiblication, very extensive additional collections were made
in Ellsworth County, Kansas, by Mr. diaries H. Sternberg, and by the Mu-
seum of the University of Kansas, under the direction of Prof F. H. Snow.
This material, which numbered some thousands of specimens, was sent to
Prof Lesquereux for identification, and, although he was in feeble health at
the time and knew full well that his days for work must necessarily be num-
bered, he entered upon the task with characteristic enthusiasm. He saw at
once that the material contained much that was new and interesting, and
in order that it might be incorporated in the monograph he asked that the
manuscript and plates be returned to him. This was done, and his last
days were spent in working up and adding this new matter, and at the time
of his death the material had all been identified and described and most of

'Contributions of the Fossil Flora of the Western Territories. Parti: The Cretaceous Flora
U. S. Geol. Survey of Terr., Vol. 6, Washington, 1874.

'Contributions to the Fossil Flora of the Western Territories. Part in: The Cretaceous and
Tertiary Floras. V. S. Geol. Survey of Terr., Vol s, Washington, 1883.

13

14 EDITOR'S PREFACE.

it figured. The value of this new material will be appreciated when it is
known that it added 110 species to the already rich flora of the Dakota
Grroup. This brings the total number of known species from the Dakota
Group up to 460.

The task of the editor of a posthumous work is always a delicate one,
especially when any portion of such a work is__ left unfinished, for he is in
constant fear that he may not correctly intei-pret and carry out the wishes
of the author. I have, therefore, made hardly any changes, except those
expressly implied or called for in the notes left by Prof Lesquereux him-
self As he Avorked upon this later, and in some respects richer material,
certain previous conclusions of his underwent modification ; thus, additional
material led him to change what had first been described as Phyllites Masoni
to Ilex Masoni, Phyllites cretaceus to Platanus cretacea, etc. Changes of
this kind were not actually made by himself, but were indicated by iiotes.
Additional points of comparison among the species were also suggested as
his work went on, and whenever indicated they have been carefully
attended to.

The only specimens that had not been figured at the time of Lesque-
reux's death were purchased of Mr. Sternberg, together with many others,
by Mr. R. D. Lacoe, of Pittston, Pennsylvania. These Mr. Lacoe has cour-
teously placed at our disposal, and they have been drawn by Mr. F. Von
Dachenhausen, the artist of the Paleobotanical Division. They number 30
figures, and fill Plates LXIV, LXV, LXVI.

In a few instances the specific names given by Prof Lesquereux to
new species were preoccupied; for example, " Celastrophyllum obovatum, sp.
nov.,"is antedated by C. obovatum of Fontaine ; '■'■ Myrica proxima, sp. nov.,"
by the M. proxima of Ettingshausen, etc. Such names I have changed, and
have indicated the fact in foot-notes.

I have also changed the arrangement of some of the orders and genera
to make it conform to that in Bentham and Hooker's Genera Plantarum, or
rather have arranged them in the reverse order of this, since they proceed
from the lower to the higher plants.

In conclusion, I beg to acknowledge my great obligation to Prof
Lester F. Ward, for counsel and valuable • assistance ; to Mr. C. D. White,
who has verified all of the references ; to Prof F. H. Snow, of the Univer-
sity of Kansas, who has supplied information that was lacking, and a
valuable series of specimens ; and especially to Mr. R. D. Lacoe, of Pittston,
Pennsylvania, who has generously placed his extensive and highly valuable

EDITOR'S PREFACE. 15

collection of Dakota Grroup plants entirely at my disposal. I am also under
obligation to numerous collectors and students throughout the country
who have, by contributing either specimens or valuable information, com-
bined to make the flora of the Dakota Group one of the most thoroughly
known fossil floras of the world.

I take this opportunity of appending here a short account of Prof
Lesquereux's life and work.

LEO LESQUEREUX.

Leo Lesquereux, the Nestor of American paleobotanists, died at his
home in Columbus, Ohio, October 25, 1889. His life, while exceedingly
varied and filled with hardships and disapi^ointments, avhs a singularly pure
and noble one, and America lost by his death not only her most distin-
guished vegetable paleontologist, but her foremost bryologist, and the few
who enjoyed the honor of his personal acquaintance lost a genial companion,
a kindly critic, and a sympathetic friend. He was the last of the distin-
guished trio — Agassiz, Guyot, Lesquereux — which the Geneva Revolu-
tionary Council of 1848 by its edict suppressing the Academy of Neuchatel
sent to our shores. These men, "born in the heart of Switzerland's moun-
tain grandeur," early imbibed that love of nature which was ever the
actuating impulse of their lives. The departments of science which they
so assiduously studied would be comparatively incomplete but for their
untiling efforts.

Lesquereux was an exceedingly modest and retiring man. The early
misfortune of the loss of his hearing made communication and intercourse
so difficult that he rarely ventured from home, and those who knew him
best knew him only through the medium of correspondence. As he once
said: "My associations have been almost all of a scientific natin-e. I have
lived with Nature, the rocks, the trees, the flowers. They know me ; I
know them. All outside are dead to me." But in spite of this di-awback
and of the changes that it necessitated in his life he bore it cheerfully and
uncomplainingly.

Several excellent accounts of Lesquereux's life have appeared, written
by personal friends and companions, but by the courtesy of Prof Lester F.
Ward I am able to reproduce here a short autobiographic letter, written in
response to a request, in which the chief incidents of his life are related in
his own modest, quaint language:

16 EDITOR'S PREFACE.

Columbus, Ohio, May 1, 1884.
Prof. Lestee F. Ward,

Washington, D. G. :

My Dear Sik : I am greatly honored by your kind letter of the 29th past, and
hasten to answer it. Indeed, I have wanted for some weeks to write to you and have
only been prevented from doing so by a somewhat long spell of sickness. I will,
however, write to you as soon as I have a moment of leisure. I am now crowded with
proofs coming in mass for correction, and can but now say only what you wish to
know.

I was born at Fleurier, Canton of Neuchatel, Switzerland, November 18, 1806.
My father was a manufacturer of watch springs, in tctlerably good circumstances, but
not rich. Being the only son, and fond of books, especially of rocks and flowers, a
kind of natural, as they call people of that kind in the South, my mother wanted me
to become a minister. My family, Lescure, Lescurieux, Lesquereux, being of French
origin, Huguenots, emigrated from France, with most of the old families of French
Switzerland. To that end, after my village schooling, I was sent to college at Neu-
chatel, and there passed through all the classes up to the last one (philosophy), being
then ready at my nineteenth year to go to the university. My father had paid at Neu-
chatel my board only. I had earned the expenses of academical lessons by teaching.
My father being unable to support expenses at the university in Germany, I accepted
a position in Saxony at Eisenach as professor of French language, expecting to make
money enough to go later to a nuivei sity. But after four years' sojourn at Eisenach
I became engaged to a young lady, and instead of going to the university I came back
to Switzerland and was accepted as principal of a college. La Chaux de Fonds, and
after one year went back to Eisenach to get married. After three years of teaching
at La Chaux de Fonds I became gradually and soon totally deaf, or at least so deaf
that I had to abandon my position and find something else to support my family. I did
that for years by manual labor, having returned to my family and gone in partnership
with my father. But I could not stick to that work, and was constantly busy in my
hours of rest, that is mostly in the night, with a poor, suiali microscope, studying
mosses, and on Sundays running in tiie mountains to gather them. The Govern-
ment of Neuchatel was then greatly interested in the protection of peat bogs on
account of the difficulties of procuring fuel for the poor, and offered a prize (gold
medal of 20 ducats) for the best memoir on the formation of the peat, its preserva-
tion, etc. I went to that study and won the prize. My memoir— Recherches sur les
Tourbieres du Jura — is still quoted and has been long considered as the best on the
subject. It was from the publication of that memoir that I become more intimately
acquainted with Agassiz, and that the King of Prussia (that is his Government),
offered to pay my expenses and somewhat more if I would undertake a tour of explo-
ration through Germany and any other countries I should wish in Europe, for the in-
vestigation of the peat bogs. Of course I accepted, went through Germany, Sweden,
Denmark, Holland, Belgium, France, everywhere I could find peat bogs, and returned
with a mass of material which 1 expected to use for & book on the subject. Neuchatel
was then under the protectorate of the King of Prussia. In 1848, and when [ was
engaged as director of exploitations of peat bogs bought by the Government, the
liberal or Swiss party became master of the siaiation and all those who had been
appointed to any place by the Government were of course thrown aside. The Academy

EDITOR'S PREFACE. 17

of Nenchatel was also broken up. Agassiz was already in America one year before.
He encouraged the professors to come to America, Guyot, Matile, and others, myself,
too: And as the future prospects for the support of my family were gloomy, my
father, too, encouraging me to come here, I embarked, with my wife and five children,
as steerage passengers, and arrived at Boston in September, 1848. That is about all.
That, fighting against odds, especially by my total deafness, I have had plenty of
hard times, is easily understood. But all has been well for me, thanks to a kind
Providence.

About the publications of mine, you have probably more titles than I know of, for
I have forgotten many and many are not worth much. I am now reading the proof of
a third volume of the United States Coal Flora ; of a Synopsis of the American Mosses,
and of a small book — Principles of Vegetable Paleontology — for the Geological Sur-
vey of Indiana. After that I think to close my active career, if I can possibly do
that; for I must work for my living.

Excuse this long talk. It is your fault. If you want an old man to say one word
on himself he will make quite a discourse.
Sincerely yours,

L. Lesquereux.

Lesquereiix was therefore over 40 years of age wlieu he reached this
country. He was totally deaf and had never heard a word of spoken
English in his life, yet he set bravely to work in wimiing a home. His first
work in this country was done for Prof Agassiz. This consisted in working
up and preparing for publication the collection of plants made by Agassiz
-on his Lake Superior expedition. His report was published in 1848.

At the close of the same year he was called to Columbus, where he made his home
for the remainder of his life. The circumstances under which he came to Columbus
deserve to be mentioned, as they bring to light a history that has few counterparts
in the country hitherto. By the publication in 1845 of the Musci AlleghanAensis, Mr.
William S. Sullivant, of Columbus, had put himself at the head of American bryolo-
gists, and was so recognized at home and abroad, the scientific collections of the
Government in this Department even coming into his hands for study, and the field
was in every way widening before him, bringing him more than he could do unaided.
He was a gentleman of large fortune and was therefore not obliged to ask even a living
from science. All of his work was done at his own charges and most of it was pub-
lished in like manner. It was distributed among his fellow laborers in a like manner.
Mr. Sullivant called Lesquereux to his aid, and for many years thereafter, even to the
date of Mr. SuUivant's death, the foremost bryologist of America and one of the most
accomplished bryologists of Europe worked side by side in completest accord and
harmony with mutual respect for each other's acquirements and results. Lesquereux
was employed by Mr. Sullivant one or two years and was afterward aided in various
ways in carrying forward his work by the generosity of his friend.^

'Leo Lesquereux. By Edward Orton. The American Geologist, vol. 5, No. 5, May, 1890, pp.
291, 292.

MON XVII 3

18 EDITOE'S PREFACE.

Lesquereux and Sullivant published together the two editions of the
Musci Exsiccati Americani, the first edition in 1856, the last in 1865. The
Latin text of Sullivant's Icones Muscorum was also largely written by Les-
quereux, and the publication of the second volume was carried forward
after Sullivant's death.

For some years before his death, Sullivant had been engaged in col-
lecting materials for the pviblication of a complete account of the North
American moss flora. After his death his extensive collections and library
were deposited in Harvard College Herbarium, and at the urgent request
of Dr. Asa Gray, Lesquereiix was prevailed upon to take up and complete
the task. Much of this work Avas done before his sight failed him in 1869,
when it was necessary to call in other assistance, and Prof. Thomas P.
James, of Cambridge, was interested in the work. He made such of the
microscopical examinations as had not been made, but his death again de-
layed the woi"k, and it was not until 1884 that it was finally completed and
given to the world as a Maiuial of North American Mosses.

His paleobotanical work is so extensive and valuable, and is so well
known to all students of the science the world over, that little mention of it
is necessary here. His first work was published in. 1854, and from that
year until the day of liis death the world saw issuing almost every year an
additional volume testif}nug to his indomitable energy and keen discrimina-
tion. He was a pioneer in the department of vegetable paleontology in this
country, and while some of the earlier work done, as is so commonly the
case in new and unworked fields, will need revision when the fossil flora of
America is more thoroughly worked up, the whole stands as a monument
which future generations may well marvel at and emulate.

F. H. Knowlton,

Assistant Paleontologist.

U. S. Geological Survey,

Washington, D. C, December 19, 1890.

THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

By Leo Lesquekeux.

INTRODUCTION.

The details concerning the first discovery of leaves of dicotyledonous
plants in the strata of the Dakota group, the subsequent researches made
by Messrs. Meek and Hayden, by Dr. J. S. Newberry, and later by Prof
Jules Marcou, Prof J. Capellini, and Oswald Heer, as well as the evidence
furnished as to the age of the formation by the distribution of animal re-
mains in the strata superposed upon it, have all been presented with refer-
ence to the data in my monograph of The Cretaceous Flora (pp. 1-10), which
forms vol. 6 of the Reports of the U. S. Geological Survey of the Territo-
ries under F. V. Hayden.^ In the same volume there is also recorded what
was then known of the geographical and stratigraphical distribution of the
Dakota Group, its superposition upon the Pennian, its thickness, the
width of its area as recognized in Kansas, Nebraska, and Minnesota,
its probable continuity westward under more recent or Tertiary formations,
and the manner of deposition of the vegetable remains.

Later in the Cretaceous and Tertiary Floras, which forms vol. 8 of the
Hayden Monographs,^ record is made of the discovery of anmnber of spec-
imens of fossil plants, identical with or closely allied tp those of the Dakota
Group of Kansas, in Cretaceous strata exposed by upheaval at the base of
the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, a discovery proving the westward con-
tinuity of the formation.

I have nothing to add now to what has been published on these different
subjects. A geological survey of the State of Kansas similar to that of

'Quoted in this volume as Ciet. FI. ; ibid., Vol. 7, as Tert. Fl.
2 Quoted in this volume as Cret. and Tert. Fl,

20 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Minnesota, now in progress, will undoubtedly clear up much that still
remains uncertain concerning the width of the area occupied by the Dakota
Grroup in the United States, the thiclaiess of its deposits, the composition of
the strata observable at different localities, as well as the direction and
degree of the dip, etc.

The present memoir is for this reason limited to the description of fossil
plants represented by a large number of specimens recently obtained at
different localities of the Dakota Group, especially in Kansas and, of course,
to the evidence derived from the character of the plants in regard to their
origin, their relations, and their places in the history of the vegetation of
the world.

The significance attached to the nati^re of these plants is well known.
They pertain to an epoch in which, by the appearalice of the dicotyledons,
the character of the flora of the globe has been modified as though by a
new creation. The cause or reason of this marked change remains still
unexplained, and can become known only by a more intimate acquaintance
with the flora of that part of the Middle Cretaceous which is generally
recognized as the Cenomanian period. This flora is known in Em-ope by
remains of plants found in the Quadersandstein of the Harz, and first
described by Hampe, later by Zenker, Dunker, and Stiehler, and represent-
ing twenty -five species; then by those discovered in the Cretaceous strata
of Niederschona, Saxony, from which Ettingshausen has described thirty
species; then by sixteen species described by Heer from Moletein, in
Moravia; by sixteen described by the same author from Quedlinburg,
Prussian Saxony, and by seventy-five species from the Bohemian Cretaceous
described by Velenovsky. All the localities named above are far distant
from each other, but have been with more or less doubt refen-ed to the same
horizon of the Middle Cretaceous, viz, the Cenomanian. Admitting the
correctness of the reference, we have in all about one hundred and ten
species as constituting the flora of the Cenomanian of Europe. This seems
a small number indeed, for two hundred and seventy-four species have been
described by Heer from the Cenomanian of Greeifland, to which must now
be added the plants from the Dakota Group, from which four hundred and
sixty species are known.

In my Cretaceous Flora the questions concerning the probabie
derivation of the numerous vegetable remains found in the shaly sandstone
of the Dakota Groxip, their mode of deposition, etc., have been examined.
From the facies and the peculiar distribution of the leaves, it is there

iNTRODtrCTIOF. 21

admitted that the vegetable remains had been derived from trees or shrubs
growing in the vicinity of marshy or muddy bottoms, and that they have
been bm-ied and fossihzed at or near the place of their growth. This con-
clusion is based not only upon the remarkably good state of preservation
of the fossil leaves, which are generally found horizontally flattened in the
same plane or parallel to that of the deposition of the earthy matter, neither
crumpled, rolled, nor lacerated, and with their borders, often even their
petioles attached to them, but also upon the distribution of the leaves which
at different localities generally represent different species. Sometimes all
the leaves of a local area belong to the one species, while at a short distance
another group of leaves represent other species, genera, or even families.

These remarks have been lately fully confirmed by the discovery in
Ellsworth County, Kansas, of a very large number of leaves embedded in
concretions in the same manner as remains of Carboniferous plants have
been preserved in the celebrated nodules of Mazon Creek, Illinois. More
than three thousand specimens of this kind have been collected in that
county by Judge E. P. West, assistant of Prof F. H. Snow, of the Univer-
sity of Kansas, and later by Mr. Charles H. Sternberg. The concretionary
specimens were found at more than twelve different localities, in groups cov-
ering limited areas, the largest tract being about 100 yards, the others not
more than 20 yards in width, altogether distributed upon a land surface of
5 to 8 square miles. The specimens of each locality were separately
collected and were also determined separately, and each lot was found to
be composed of leaves of from one to three species, and few of them were
represented in more than two or three localities. Thus, leaves of Sterculia
were found at one locality, at another leaves of Grewiopsis ; in two or three
others, mostly small leaves of Betulites were collected, and in others leaves
of Popiilus kansaseana, with Diospijros rotundifolia, etc. As can be seen
upon the plates, the leaves forming the nucleus of the pebbles are in a per-
fect state of preservation, a number of them with their pedicels, with even
a small stipule at their base. Of course the fossilization of numerous leaves
of the same species in nodules, the distribution of different species in groups
at various more or less distant localities, give positive evidence of their
growth at the place, or at least quite near, where their remains have been
fossilized. ,

As yet the relative altitudes of the localities where the various groups
of specimens have been found have not been fixed, and we do not know
whether the diversity of the characters of the plants might be accounted

22 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

for by a difference in the horizon of the strata where they have been found
and therefore by a difference of age. Are there pecuHar zones in the forma-
tion Avhich might be indicated by marked characters in the vegetation ?
No answer can as yet be given to the question. The concretionar}^ speci-
mens mentioned above have been found on the so-called highlands of Ells-
worth County. But what are those highlands as compared in altitude to
the lowlands 1 Prof Mudge, who has closely searched for the distribution
of the remains of plants in Kansas, did not find any differences in the char-
acter of the plants that seemed to depend on the altitude of the hills. He
recognized leaves of the same species from the top to the bottom of wells
40 feet deep. Near Salina, at a locality mentioned in Cret. Fl., p. 30, I have
found the same species of vegetable remains distributed from the base to the
top of the hills, the altitude being about 75 feet above high-water mark of
the river. Hence, it is not possible, as yet, to consider a difference in the
vegetation by peculiar zones like those in the Quadersandstein or Middle
Cretaceous of Europe, where the zones of the Liriodendi'on or those of the
Credneria are mentioned as. marking the relative horizons of the strata.

The specimens of leaves or fragments of vegetation described below
have been collected by Mr. Charles H. Sternberg for the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts, by Mr. J. C. Mason for the
cabinet of Mr. R. D. Laooe, of Pittston, Pennsylvania, and later by Mr.
Ambrose Wellington and Judge E. P. West for the museum of the Univer-
sity of Kansas. Prof F. H. Snow, of the University of Kansas, has also
furnished important assistance by the coimnunication of a number of speci-
mens from his cabinet of all found in Kansas, and Prof N. H. Winchell,
State geologist of Minnesota, has authorized the description of a few spe-
cies represented by specimens obtained by the survey of that State in
the same formation. Quite recently a large collection of fossil plants of
the Dakota Group, made in Kansas by Mr. Sternberg, has been added to
the above.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES.

FUNGI.

Order PYRENOMYCETES.

Sph^ria problematica, sp, nov.'

PI. XXXI, Fig. 2, 2a.

One of the specimens of Steradia Snowii, PI. XXXI, Fig. 2, is partly
covered by very distinct round or oval, even sometimes triangular dots, 0.6
to 1"™ in diameter. Each dot has two prominent marginal rings surround-
ing a small central areole (Fig. 2a, enlarged). It represents a species of
Sphseria and greatly resembles S. Braunii Heer.^

SCLEROTIUm ? SPECXES.

PI. LIX, Figs. 4, 4a.

The leaf oi MaccUntockia cretacea Heer, figured on PI. LIX, Fig. 4, shows
a parasite, which is of a doubtful nature and is so obscure that it has not
been specifically named. The fragment from Kansas has a line of parasites
which are oval, acute at the lower part, concave, with a convex point in the
middle ; they are placed along the lateral nerves in a row of ten or more and
by their position only are comparable to Sderotium cinnamomi Heer, Fl.
Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 3, p. 12, PL i. Fig. 2, 2b.

'This species was described but not specifically named by Prof. Lesqnereux under his description
of Sterculia Snowii (q. v.), where he also says of it: "Though the specie.i can not be identified the
generic reference is evident." In .order that it may be independently referred to I have ventured to
caW it Spkceria probJematica. — F. H. K.

^ Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 1, p. 14, PI. i, Figa. 2-2e.

23

24 THE FLORA OP THE DAKOTA GKOUP.

FILICES, FERNS.
Family POLYPODIACE^.
Tribe PECOPTERIDE^E.

Pecoptbeis nebraskana Heer.

Saporta, Fl. Foss. tie Sezanne, p. 332, Fig. 8; Lesquerenx, Oret. Fl., p. 46, PI. xxix,

Figs. 5, 5a.

Tribe PTERIDE.<E.

Pteris dakotensis, sp. nov.
PI. I, Figs. 2, 3.

Ultimate piunee liuear-lanceolate, pinnately deepl}^ cut into oblique
equal subopposite lanceolate blunt-pointed and subfalcate pinnules, con-
nate above the base, entire, close but disconnected above ; median nerve
thin, distinct ; secondaries opposite, 6-7 pairs, simple, curving upwai'd in
passing to the borders.

This species is comparable, at least in the form and the disposition of
the pinnules, to P. AJhertsii Dunk., as figured by Heer.^ It is, however,
smaller in all its parts ; the pinnules are clearly disconnected from below
the middle, and the lateral veins simple.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4048 of Mr.
R. D. Lacoe's collection, of Pittston, Pennsylvania.

Tribe ASPLENIE^E.

ASPLENiTJM DiCKSONiANUM Heer.
PI. I, Figs. 1, la.

Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 31, PI. i, Figs. 1-5 ; vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 3, PI. ii.
Figs. 2, 2b; p. 33, PI. xxxii, Figs. 1-8.

"Leaves triply pinnate; rachis firm, rigid; primary and secondary
pinnae lanceolate ; pinnules narrowly lanceolate, the lower acute serrate,
the upper entire, acute."

'Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 29, PI. xxvili, Figs. 1-3.

DESCRIPTION OP SPECIES. 25

The above is Heer's description. He adds: "The species is, by the
finely cut leaves, closely allied to Asplenium (Adiantum) nigrum Linn., the
form with smaller more sharply cut pinnse, which Bory has separated as A.
acutum."

The fragment of this species here figured represents merely the upper
part of two pinnae or fragments of a frond. The aspect of the plant is rigid;
the lobes of the pinnules are narrow, all entire, sometimes short, Hke obtuse
teeth, as in those figured in Heer's work.^ The nerves of the leaflets are
thin, parallel, forking above, and the rachis, of which a small part is figured
eidarged. PI. I, Fig. la, is very obscurely, irregularly, and thinly lined.
The identity of the fragment can not be doubted.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 76 of the Museum of the
University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington.

Tribe GLEICHENIE^E.

Gleichenia Kureiana Heer.
Flora von Moletein,p. 6, PI. ii, Figs. 1-4; Lesquereux, Cret. FL, p. 47, PI. i, Figs. 5-5c.

Gleighenia Nokdenskioldi Heer.

PI. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2 (Kreidefl.), p. 50, PI. ix, Figs. 6-12; Hayden's Ann.
Kept., 1874, p. 334, PI. ii. Figs. 5-5a; Lesquereux, Cret. and Tert. PL, p. 26.

Tribe LYGODIACE^^.

Lygodium trichomanoides Lesq.
Hayden's Ann. Kept., 1874, p. 333; Cret. PI., p. 45, PI. i. Fig. 2; Cret. and Tert. PL,

p. 27.

' Loo. cit., vol. 3, pt. 2, PI. I, Figs. 1, 2, 3.

26 THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

GYMNOSPERM^e.

Order CYCADACE^.

Tribe ENCEPHALARTE^E.

Subtribe ZAMIE^.

Zamixes species.
PI. I, Fig. 8.

Leaf coriaceous, nan-owly lanceolate-acuminate, 1°" broad in the lower
part, where it appears broken, 8"" long ; nerves very close, parallel,
scarcely distinct.

The fragment is comparable in its form at least to the leaves of Z.
Feneonis Brongn., as figured and described by Schimper,' of which, however,
the nerves are more distinct and distant and all equal. In our leaf the
nerves are so thin and close that they can be counted only with a strong-
glass and are separated at a distance of 1""" by a few more distinct ones,
though also very thin. It does not appear that these last nerves are casually
swelled or regularly marked as primaries, separated by thinner secondaries,
as in the leaves of species of Glumacese, such as Cyperus, Phragmites, etc.
The hard texture of the leaf, which is even coriaceous, and the very thin
nervation, militate against the reference of the fragment to any glumaceous
plant.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4060 of the
collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe, of Pittston, Pennsylvania.

PoDOZAMiTES Haydenii Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. PI., p. 27.

Pterophyllum ? Haydenii Lesq., Hayden's Ann. Eept., 1874, p. 334 ; Cret. Fl., p. 49,

PI. I, Figs. 6, 6b.

PODOZAMITES OBLONGTIS Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 28, PI. i, Figs. 10, 11.

' Pal. V6g., vol. 2, p. 152; Atlas, PI. Lxxi, Fig. 2.

DESCEIPTION OF SPECIES. 27

PoDOZAMiTES Stenopus, sp. nov.
PI. I, Fig. 7.

Leaves coriaceous, with shining sm-face, short, somewhat enlarged
below the middle, rounded at base to a thin, naiTow, twisted obtuse pedicel;
nerves thick, distant 1"", curved at base in the direction of the petiole and
there dichotomous.

The fragment, nearly 4"" long, 17'°'^ broad below the middle, is by its
distinct and distant nerves related to P. latipennis Heer,' which, however,
has the leaves longer and scarcely narrowed at the broad base or point of
attachment. In form the fragment resembles P. temiinervis Heer,^ which is
described as having the leaves large, oblong-oval, narrowed at base, nerves
close and very thin. The last character evidently distinguishes it from the
present species, which appears distinct from any other of the genus. It is
also comparable to P. Hmjdenii Lesq., mentioned above, which has short
obtuse leaves that are curved and only slightly attenuated at base.

Habitat : Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. (iQ of the Museum of the
University of Kansas ; A. Wellington, collector.

PODOZAMITES ANGUSTIFOLIUS (Eichw.) Scllimp.

PI. I, Fig. 4.

Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 4, pt. 1, p. 36, PI. vii. Figs. 8-11; PL vrii, Figs. 2e, 5;
Lesquereux, Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 28 ; Leth. Ross., voL 2, p. 39, PL ii, Fig. 7.

Leaves long and narrow, somewhat falcate or ensiform, linear-lanceo-
late, gradually slightly narrowed upward from the middle, blunt pointed or
obtusely acuminate (point broken), narrowed in the same degree toward
the base and distinctly nerved ; nerves prominent.

In the fragment iigured, which is D""" broad and 11''™ long, the nerves
are ten in niunber in the middle of the leaf. Another fragment recently
sent from Kansas, and which I refer to the same species, is only 6°"" broad,
with twelve distinct convex nerves. The characters of these fragments
agree evidently with the figure of the species in Heer,^ representing part of
a leaf of the same width, with nerves at the same distance as mentioned
above (1™™). The other fragments figured belong to much narrower leaves.

Habitat: South of Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 24 of the Museum of
Comparative Zoology, of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

' Fl. Fobs. Arct., vol. G, 2 Abth., p. 42, PI. xiv, Figs. 1-9.
2 Loc. cit., p. 44, PI. XVI, Fig. 9.
'Loc. cit., PI. VII, Fig. 5.

2g THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

PODOZAMITES LANCEOLATUS (L. & H.) BrOllgU,

PI. I, Figs. 5, 6.

Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 4, pt. 1, PI. vil, Figs. l-7c, d; ibid., pt. 2, p. lOG, PI. xxiii.
Figs. Ic, 4a, b, c; PI. xxvi, Figs. 2-10; PI. xxvii. Figs. 1-8.

Zamia lanceolata L. & H., Foss. Fl. Gt. Brit., vol. 3, PI. cxciT.
Zamites lanceolattis Morr., Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1841, p. 116.

Leaves distant, entire, narrowed at base into a short pedicel; lanceo-
late-acuminate, or linear-oblong, obtuse; nerves 14-30, generally 20-25;
dicliotomous above the base, thence simple, converging at the apex.

The two fragments which we have of this species show entire agree-
ment with the description of it given by Heer from numerous well pre-
served specimens. The fragment (Fig. 5) corresponds to that in Heer^ (P.
lanceolatus, var. latifoUnsJ, while Fig. 6 agrees with the one on the right of
Fig. 3 of the same plate. The first fragment has twenty-six nerves; the
second, which is much the narrower, has only twenty.

Habitat: Elkhorn Creek, near Fort Harker, Kansas. Nos. 195 and 211
of the Musemn of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Phtllites zami^formis, sp. nov.
PI. II, Fig. 7.

Leaf somewhat falcate, linear-lanceolate, deeply marked lengthwise by
three strong distant strise or ribs coming nearer together toward the point
of the leaf, the spaces between the striae being minutely lineate or nearly
smooth.

The fragment is 12™ long, broken at the top and the base, 1.5"'" broad
in the middle and gradually narrowed upward to the apex, being 4™° in
diameter at the point where it is broken. It has a degree of likeness to
leaves of Zamiese, such as those of Podozamites angustifoUus Eichw., but no
species of this genus has the striae so far distant and so thick. In this
particular it resembles the fragment of a stem figured by Heer as Equisetites
groenlanclicHS^ from the Lower Cretaceous of Kome, but this fragment is that
of a stem, and though the ribs are at about the same distance and of the
same character and the space is obscurely striate as described by Heer for
his species, the fragment from Kansas is really that of a leaf, as shown by
the ribs becoming gradually more approximate toward the apex. It may be

' Loc. cit., PI. XXVI, Fig. 6.

2F1. Fobs. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 61, PI. Xlii, Fig. 10.

DESCEIPTION OF SPECIES. 29

compared also to Schizoneura paradoxa Schimp. et Moug. (Triassic), as figui-ed
by Heer/ a leaf which has the primary nerves or ribs much thimier than
the specimen from Kansas.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4076 of the
collection of Mr. E,. D. Lacoe, of Pittston, Pennsylvania.

Subtribe EUENCEPHALAETE^.

Encephalaetos cretaceus, sp. nov.
PI. I, Fig. 12.

Pinnules obovate-oblong, cuneiform at the base, round-pointed (!) at
apex (broken) ; borders spiuous-dentate ; nerves thick, diverging, and dichot-
omous near the base, becoming gradually more distant and simple in the
upper part.

This fine leaf, of which the upper part is unhappily destroyed, so clearly
resembles those figured by Saporta^ that it seems to represent the same plant.

The fragment is 9*"" long, 4"" broad above the middle, has the sharply
pointed teeth of the border more or less distant, entered by the points of
the diverging nerves, which, averaging 0.5"™ in thickness, become in the
upper part 1.5 to 2.5°"° distant. The figures given by the author as a
portion of a frond and leaves characterize, according to him, the genus
Encephalartos of the Zamiese. Schimper describes the male and female
strobiles of the genus and says of the caudex or stem that it is mostly
subterranean, ovate-cylindi-ical, bearing traces of squamiform loncate leaves
with rigid, prickly leaflets, entire, spinose, dentate or lobate on the borders,
the lobes being spinous. At the present epoch the plants of this genus
inhabit the austral regions of the American continent.

The fragment figured here is not the first fossil referable to the genus
of the Zamiefe of our epoch. Saporta' mentions the discovery of a large
frond of Encephalartos (E. Gorceiximms Sap.) found in the Miocene of Koumi,
Euboea, the fronds of which measure nearly one metre in length and with
leaves 10*^™ long. If the whole leaf of the Dakota Group specimen were
preserved it would be nearly of the same size. The species of Koumi is,
however, different in the borders of its leaves being entire.

Habitat : Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 47 of the Museum of the
University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington.

'Fl. Foss. Helv., p. 78, PI. xxx, Fig. 2.
'Pal^ont. Fr., PI. Jurass., PI. Lxxiv, Figs. 1-3,
'Loc. cit., vol. 2, p. 337, etc.

30 THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Tribe CYCADE.^.

CYCADITES PtTNGENS, Sp. IIOV.

PI. II, Fig. 6.

Frond very rigid, with a broad rachis, convex or half-round on the lower
side, leaves subopposite, oblique, narrow, linear-lanceolate, sharply acumi-
nate, disconnected at base and joining the rachis by their whole base which
is neither enlarged nor narroAved ; median nerve broad, flat, as broad as the
flat borders on both sides of it.

This fragment is related by the character of the leaves to C. Lorteti Sap.,'
the first with broader, longer pinnules, the second with shorter and broader
ones, enlarged and connate at base in both species and merely acute or obtuse.

By the mode of attachment of the pinnules, which are neither narrowed
nor enlarged and disjointed at base, this fragment does not agree perfectly
with the characters of the genus Cycadites which, in Saporta (loc. cit., p. 65),
is established for plants with leaves abruptly enlarged at base and decurrent.
But the broad simple median nerve and the oblique direction of the very
rigid leaA^es are against the reference of this fragment to any other genus of
the Cycadeae. Moreover some of the fragments figured by Saporta (loc. cit.,
PI. Lxxxiii, Fig. 7, for example) ai-e represented with leaflets squarely joined
at base to the rachis, as in our Fig. 6, PL II.

Habitat : Kansas. Communicated by Mr. H. C. Towner.

Ctcadeospekmum lineaxum, sp. nov.
PI. I, Fig. 14.

Seed oblong-ovate, slightly falcate, rounded at the lower end, short-
acuminate at the other; testa smooth, transversel}' liueate, the lines distant,
parallel; carena clearly marked longitudinally on both sides, the inner con-
cave, the outer rounded.

The seed, which is 1.5™ long and 7°"" in diameter, is comparable to the
fossil C. hettangense Sap.,^ which has also the carena marked on both sides
but is somewhat bi'oader and not falcate ; and to C. impressum Nath.,^ of
which the impression shows the same form but without trace of carena. It
is also comparable to the seeds of the living Zamia integrifoUa, especially by

'Pal^ont. Fr., PI. Jurass., vol. 2, p. 75, PI. Lxxxii, Figs. 1-3, and C. Deleasei Sap., Ibid., p. 73, PI,
IrXXXiii, Figs. 5-7.

= Pal6ont. Fr., PI. Jnrass., vol. 2, p. 2.38, PI. cxvi, Fig. 6.
'Fl. vid. Bjnf, pt. 2, PI. xvm, Fig. 11.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 31

its size and shape. In the living species, however, the seed, is regular, not
inclined to one side, and marked by three or four very thin costse.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4077 of the
collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe, of Pittston, Pennsylvania.

Cycadeospeemum coltjmnabe, sp. nov.
PI. XLIV, Pigs. 7-8.

Seeds large, obovate, constricted below the middle; truncate at base,
striate or costate lengthwise; strige thin, 4-5°"" distant; intervals smooth;
texture hard, woody.

There are two fragments which seem to belong to two different species,
one (PL XLIV, Fig. 7) is 4"=™ long, 2.5""' broad at the middle, marked length-
wise by thin striae passing from the apex to the base ; the other, more frag-
mentary, appears bordered and also traversed lengthwise in the middle by
thick costse. In both specimens the surface is smooth between the striae.

This organism apparently represents a kind of fruit referable to the
Cycadese. As far as I know the only fossil fragment of marked affinity to
this is that figured by Heer, Fl. Foss. Helv., PI. LVI, Figs. 28, 29, which
he there briefly describes in a note on p. 178, under the name oi Lqffbnia
helvetica, and which the author considers as an egg of a shark or ray found
in Jurassic strata. The texture of the organism figured here is apparently
woody; its size is less than that shown in Heer's figure, but is not larger
than that of Cycadeospenmmi Pomelii Sap.,^ though this last diff"ers greatly
by its exactly ovate shape and smooth and striate surface. Its reference
to the genus Cycadeospermum Sap. (Cycadinocarpus Schimp.) is however
not positively ascertained. In the description of this genus Saporta remarks
that the fruits referable to it as fruits of Cycadese are either large or small ;
that they are externally angular, smooth or longitudinally striate or costate
as in the fruit under consideration. In the Carboniferous a number of fruits
as large as or even lai-ger than that from Kansas, described and figured
under the generic name of Cardiocarpus," have such a degree of likeness to
it that one can but consider it as a vegetable organism.

Habitat : Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 830 and 831 of the Museum
of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. "West.

• 'Pal6ont. Fr., PI. Jurass., PI. cxvil, Fig. 9.

« Ooal Flora, PI. cix, Figs. 22-25.

32 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Order CONIFERiE.
Tribe ABIETINE^E.
PiNTJS QuENSTEDTX Heer.

Kreidfl. v. Moleteiu, p. 13, PI. ii, Figs. 5-9 ; Lesquereux, Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 33, PI.

I, Figs. 3, 4.

Tribe ARAUCARIE^E.

Araucaria spatulata Newb.

Notes ou Ext. Fl., p. 10 ; lUust. Cret. and Tert. PL, PI. ii, Figs. 5, 5a ; Lesquereux, Cret.

and Tert. FL, p. 30.

This species is apparently identical with Abietites curvifoliiis Dunk.,
Pflanzen aus dem Quadersaudstein von Blankenburg, Palaeontogr., vol. iv, p.
180, PI. XXXIII, Fig. 1.

Braohyphyllum crassum, sp. nov.
PL II, Fig. 5.

Thuites crassus Lesq., Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 32.

Branches robust, irregularly pinnately ramose and ramulose ; branch-
lets oblique, either parallel and of the same size or variable in form, length,
and position ; cylindrical, obtuse ; leaves very close, imbricating, enlarged
at base, rhomboidal, thick, coriaceous, inflated or glandulose at the apex.

The specimen represents an impression exactly copied, where the lower
part of the imbricated leaves remain, of course covered and invisible.
This species is comparable to B. Moreaimnum Brongn., as represented in
Saporta's Plantes Jurassiques,' differing essentially in the leaves being more
equal and more distinctly rliomboidally inflated at the apex.

Habitat: Salina, Kansas. No. 345 of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Dammarites caudatus Lesq.
PL I. Figs. 9, 10.

Podozamites caudatus Lesq. and P. prcelongus Lesq., Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 29.

Leaves thick, coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, rounded and
gradually narrowed in passing downward to a short and narrow pedicel,

iVol. 3, p. 341, Fl. CLXVi, Fig. 1.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 33

inflated at the point of attachment, taper-pointed or long-aciiminate ; nerves
parallel, thin, nnmerous, coming close together and dichotomons near the
base.

Nothing similar to these leaves has been published in fossil plants, and
indeed no living plants are comparable to them, except the large leaves of
some species of Dammara; those, for example, of 2). robusta Moore, from Aus-
tralia, which are li""" long, 4-5°"° broad in the middle, and resemble in their
form Fig. 10 of our plate. This leaf does not appear narrowed above into
a long acumen like that of Fig. 9, which may represent a different species,
as its base is not quite as narrow or visibly inflated.

The nervation of these fossil leaves is the same as that of D. robusta,
and in Fig. 10 the leaves are narrowed in the same manner as in the living
plant to a short petiole, which is a little enlarged at the inflated point of
attachment. The nerves of D. robusta number 7-8 in 5""" of diametral
space, or a little more than 0.5°"" distant. In the fossil leaf they are 1-2""
apart, rarely less.

In both fossil and living leaves the nervation is more or less effaced
by compression of the thick coriaceous substance. The relation of these
leaves to the genus Dammara is confii-med by the discovery of two species
of fruits of this kind described by Heer from the Cretaceous of Greenland,
D. borealis and B. microleiyis}

Habitat : Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1178 of the National Museum.
Fig. 10 is No. 200 of the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology
of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Dammarites bmakginatus Lesq.
PI. I, Fig. 11.

Podozamites emarginatus Lesq., Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 29.

Leaves very thick, half tubulose or very concave on the lower side,
entire on the border, linear-oblong, rounded and emarginate at the apex,
narrowed from the middle downward to a flat, short, broad pedicel. Nerves
parallel, close but distinct, 1"" distant, converging near the upper border
toward the apex of the leaf and at the base to the petiole, and there dichot-
omons.

No form has been found to which it is possible to refer this leaf, which
is beautifully preserved and seems by its nervation and its short flat petiole
to be referable to Dammara.

'Fl. Fo88. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 54, PI. xxxvii, Fig. 5; p. 55, PI. xx., Fig. 5,
MON XVII 3

34 THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

Habitat: Seven miles north of Glascoe, Kansas. No. 511 of the Mu-
seum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Tribe TAXE^.

Phyllooladus subintegeifolius Lesq.
PI. II, Figs. 1, 2, 3.

Cret. Fl., p. 54, PI. i. Fig. 12. Thinnfeldia Lesqtiereuxiana Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct.,
vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 37, PI. XLiv, Figs. 9, 10; PI. XLVi, Figs. 1-12.

Leaves coriaceous, oblong, tapering downward to a short petiole, ob-
tuse at apex, obtusely dentate above; midrib narrow, half round, slightly
defined in the small leaves, distinct up to near the apex in the larger ones,
and of the same thickness as the petiole ; lateral nerves close, more distinct,
of equal size and equidistant in the small leaves, irregular in size and dis-
tance in the larger, here and there inflated and more prominent; angle of
divergence 20°.

The leaves, as far as I have seen them, vary from 3™' to 12'"° in length,
and from 1"" to S""" in width in the middle or above, being there either un-
dulate or obtusely dentate ; the lateral nerves are obscurely defined, and are
either simple or forking at a very acute angle of divergence, the divisions
reaching the borders.

The genus Tliinnfeldia Ett., to which Heer has referred leaves of
apparently the same kind as the one described in Cret. Fl. (loc. cit.), is
characterized by its author as follows :" Fronds pinnatifid; pinnte or
leaflets oblong, ovate-lanceolate, oblong-ovate, decurrent, confluent, cori-
aceous ; primary nerves vanishing below the apex, divided into dichotomous
nervilles, all the branches reaching the borders." Schimper remarks on the
genus that the likeness of the fronds and leafy branches to those of the genus
Phyllocladus has induced Ettingshausen to place these plants with the
conifers. On the other hand Schenk considers them as Cycade^e, while F.
Bratm has referred them to the ferns. This last opinion is admitted by
Schimper, and judging from the species which I have been able to see
figured (Thinnfeldia rhomboidalis Ett.,^ T.saligna Schenk,^ T. rofiwc^ato Nath.,'
T. Nordenskioldi Nath.*) this opinion is evidently authorized. For in all
these species the leaflets are decurrent or confluent, the median nerve is
either in distinct or not seen at all, the lateral ones diverging at a far more
open angle of divergence, distinctly forking once or twice. Nothing like

' Schimper, Pal. Y6g., Atlas, PI, xi-v, Fig. 1. =Natlioist, Fl. vid. Bjuf., pt. 1, PI. i, Figs. 5, 6.

sLoc. cit.. Figs. 9-12. -"Pfl. Palsjo, PI. vi, Figs. 4, 5.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 35

that is seen in the leaflets of the genus Phyllocladus, in which the leaves
are directly attached by a short petiole to round branches and are all
gradually attenuated or cuneifoi-m at the base, not decurring, and of which
the lateral nerves, at a more acute angle of divergence, are mostly equal,
simple, or forking once, irregularly inflated, directly passing from the median
nerve to the borders. Comparing the leaves figured on PI. II with those of
the living species of Phyllocladus, especially of P. rhomboidaUs Rich., of
Tasmania, the accordance of the characters is evident, the only diff"erence
between the fossil and the living leaves being in the crenate borders of
those of the last species.

It may be that the leaves described and figured by Heer (loc. cit.) do
not represent the same species as those of the Dakota Group. All those of
Heer are entire ; one deeply lobed or lacerate at apex ; two of them lanceo-
late, acute or acuminate ; all of smaller size and the median nerve scarcely
marked, even toward the base, while the lateral ones are distinct", not inflated ;
characters at variance with those of the leaves figured as above. Part of a
branch is represented by Heer,^ which in the mode of attachment of the
leaves has some likeness to Thinnfeldia Nordenskioldi. But all the leaves
are narrowed at base to a short petiole and not decurrent, similar in this
last character to those of Phyllocladus, and diff'ering by the same from the
genus Thinnfeldia.

Habitat : Found in many specimens in red shale ten miles northeast
of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4064 of the collection of R. D. Lacoe, of Pitts-
ton, Pennsylvania.

Tribe TAXODIE^E.

Sequoia Reichenbachi Gein.
PI. II, Pig. 4.

Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 1, p. 83, PI. xliii, Figs. Id, 2b, 5a; vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 77, PI. xii,
Figs. 7c-cl; PI. XX, Figs. 1-8; p. 101, PI. XXViii, Fig. 2; PI. XXXIV, Fig. 1;
Lesquereux, Cret. Fl., p. 51, PI. i, Figs. 10-lOb, cone.

' Araucakites Eeichenbachi Gein.

Charakt. sachs.-bohm. Kreidegeb., p. 98, PI. xxiv. Fig. 4.

Branches thick, covered entirely by the leaves ; branchlets alternate,
long ; leaves decurrent, open, falcate-incurved, linear-subulate, acuminate
at apex, simple-nerved, solid; strobiles narrowly oval, about 1 inch in
diameter ; scales peltate, rhomboidal.

' Loc. cit., PI. XLVT, Fig, U.

36 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

In my Cret. Fl. (loc. cit.) I have described and figured as referable to
this species an isolated cone with its scales and seeds. Prof. Heer has con-
tradicted this reference, therefore the fragment of a branchlet figured here
is the first evidence observed in the Dakota Grroup of a species which
has been found widely represented in the Lower and Middle Cretaceous
of Greenland and of Europe. The identity of this fragment is sufficiently
shoTVTi by the character of the leaves and their scars upon the branches,
especially resembhng Figs. 8, 8a, PI. xx, and Fig. la, PL xxxiv of Heer's
Fl. Foss. Ai-ct., loc. cit.

Habitat : Seven miles soiith of Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 690 of the
Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Sequoia fastigiata Heer.
Hayden's Ann. Eept., 1874, p. 335, PI. iii, Figs. 2, 8, 8a; Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 31.
Sequoia condita Lesq.

Hayden's Ann. Eept., 1874, p. 335, PI. iv. Figs. 5-7 ; Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 32, PI. i,

Figs. 5-7, 9.

Gltptosteobus geacillimus Lesq.

Hayden's Ann. Eept., 1874, p. 337; Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 32, PI. i, Figs. 6, 6b; Cret.
FL, p. 52, PL I, Figs. 8, 11.

Tribe CUPRESSINE.^.

Inolepis SPECIES Lesq.

Hayden's Ann. Eept., 1874, p. 337, PL iv. Fig. 8 ; Cret. and Tert. FL, }). 33, PL iv. Figs.

8, 8c.

CONIFERS OF UNCERTAIN AFFINITIES.

Abietites Ernestine Lesq.
Cret. FL, p. 49, PL i. Fig. 7.

Sequoia foemosa Lesq.
Cret. FL, p. 50, PL i. Figs. 9, 9b.

Geinitzia Heer, sp.
Cret. FL, p. 54.

Ptenostrobus-nebeascensis Lesq.

Cret. FL, p. 114, PL xxiv, Fig. 1.

DESGEIPTION OF SPECIES. 37

MONOCOTYLEDONES.

Order GRAMINEJE.

Tribe FESTUCE..,^.

Subtribe AEUNDINEiE.

Pheagmites cretacbus Lesq.
PI. II, Fig. 8.

Equisetum nodosum Lesq., Cret. aud Tert. FL, p. 25.

Part of rhizoma ; branch irregular in thickness, partly linear and nodose ;
articulate at unequal distances, articulations more or less inflated, marked by
round small scars of radicles.

As this is merely a fragment of a rhizoma related to Phragmites by its
unequally distant irregular articulations, marked on the upper and lower
side by round scars of radicles, it is not possible to define its species. For the
generic relation it is not only com.parable but really very similar to P. mnin-
gensis Al. Br., as figured by Heer,^ especially in the irregular length of the
nodes, which are somewnat inflated below the line of articulation. In this
branch the scars of rootlets are very irregular in position, some being above,
some below the articulations, exactly as they are represented in size and
position in Heer (loc. cit. Fig. 5a).

This fragment was at first considered as part of a rhizoma of Eqiiisetum;
but its analogy is more marked with Phragmites, a genus which is aheady
represented in the Dakota Group by fragments of leaves and sterns;^ hence
its reference to the same species, though hypothetical, seems to be authorized.

Habitat : Seven miles northeast of Glascoe, Kansas. No. 473 of the
Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Order ALISMACE^.

Tribe ALISME.^.

Alismacites dakotbnsis, sp. nov.
PI. II, Pig. 10.

Leaves subcoriaceous, entire, long-petioled, elliptical, acuminate; median
nerve strong; secondaries, two pairs, inequidistant, curving up and tending
to the apex at a very acute angle of divergence ; simple.

'PI. Tert. Helv., vol. 1, PI. xxii, Figs. 5a, 5b.

2 Cret. PI., p. 55, PI. i, Figs. 13, 14 ; PI. xxix, Fig. 7.

38 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

The substance of the leaf was apparently thick but soft, as the surface
is covered by a granulose matter resulting from the decomposition of the
epidermis and rendering the tertiary nervation totally obsolete. The petiole
is nearly S"" long, the median nerve thick, and the secondaries, two pairs,
simple, inequidistant, the lowest vein on the left side being liasilar, thin,
short, cur^'ing close to the borders, the upper emerging a little above the
base and passing nearly straight up to the apex, while on the right side the
lower secondary is supra basilar, nearly opposite to the upper one of the
left side, curving in ascending, anastomosing in the upper part of the leaf
with the upper secondary, which comes out from the midrib above the
middle of the leaf and is aerodrome. The leaf is regularly elliptical,
aciuninate, and nearly 8'^'" long and 3"™ broad at the middle, with its short
acumen, which was originally constricted or pinched, split by compression.

As indicated by its form, the nervation and the long petiole, the leaf is
e^^dently that of a monocotyledonous plant. But for the absence of the
tertiaries at right angles to the midiib it would be referred to the g'^nus
Alisma. Saporta^ has described without figures as Alismacites lancifolius,
a leaf which seems to be closely related to this one. It is petioled, lan-
ceolate, trinerved, the lateral nerves curved, tending toward the apex with
secondaries or nervilles transversely ramose, scarcely visible. The author
remarks that the leaf is of uncertain affinity, reproducing the type of many
species of Alisma.

Habitat : Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 758 of the collection of the
museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Order ARACE^.

Tribe COLOCASIOIDEvE.

Subtribe SPATHICARPE^.

Aeisjema ceetacea, sp. nov.
PI. XLVI, Fig. 1.

Organism apparently cylindi-ical in its original state, enlarged upward,
of membranous texture, striate lengthwise; striae parallel, close, straight,
rigid and distinct in the middle of the cylinder, diverging; cui'ved outside
and flexuous toward the borders.

' Etudes, vol. 1, p. 75.

DESCEIPTION OF SPECIES. 39

The specimen represents a cylindrical ovate spathe of a monocotyle-
donous plant like an Ai'issema. It may be compared by its form and size
to Ottelia parisiensis, figm-ed by Saporta in his Monde des Plantes, p. 227.
The borders of the specimen seem to have been compressed and the nerva-
tion defoiTQed. It is rather a spike, however, than a pericarp.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2710 of the U. S. National
Museum Catalogue.

Order PALM^.

Flabellaeia? minima Lesq.
Cret. and Tert. PL, p. 34; Cret. Fl., p. 56, PL xxx, Fig. 12.

Order LILIACE^.

Tribe SMILACE^E.

Smtlax undulata, sp. nov.
PL XLVI, Fig. 2.

Leaf membranous, thin but hard, ovate, acuminate, rounded at base
in narrowing to the midi'ib, which it joins in decuri'ing to it, entire, three-
nerved, midrib narrow, straight; lateral nerves emerging from the base,
ascending midway between the borders and the midi-ib, undulate, acrodi'ome.

The tertiary nerves, or nervilles, are very distinct and strong, passing
obliquely upward from the midrib to the lateral nerves, then in the same
direction from the lateral nerves to near the borders where they curve in
oblong areoles, traversed by branches at right angles or in an oblique di-
rection, forming an elongated, very loose areolation, most like that of some
water plants (the Alismaceae, for example), or like that of some fossil leaves
referred to Smilax, such as ^S*. Haidingeri Ung. (Sylloge, pt. 1, p. 7, PI. i. Fig.
11); *S^. Tarigonii Gaudin (Contrib. Fl. Foss. Ital., 2d Memoir, p. 59, PL x,
Fig. 5).

The leaf is about 7™ long, 5™ broad at the middle. Except that it is
not cordate, it much resembles, especially by its nervation, 8. suhhispida
Muhl.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2730 of the U. S. National
Museum Catalogue.

40 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Smilax gkandifolia-cretacea, sp. uov.
PI. XL VI, Fig. 3.

Leaf large, coriaceous, entire, hastate-cordate or subatiriculate at base,
acuminate, iive-nerved from the base, the two external nerves short, arcuate,
the imier much longer, subacrodi-ome, vanishing below the apex, branching
outside, the branches arched, of varying length, simple or forking ; sec-
ondaries few, at right angles to the midi-ib ; areolation obsolete.

The leaf is partly destroyed on one side, yet has its essential character
clearly preserved. Its length is 9™, its width 8<"" in the lower part, where
apparently it had its widest diameter ; the border, gradually rounding, de-
scends a little lower than the base of the midrib, and then tending upward
from a broad sinus or short broad auricles.

Tlie leaf is related to Smiladtes grandifoUa Ung.,^ a leaf deeply sagitate-
cordate at base, eleven-nerved. Still more intimately related to the same
species is Smilax grandifoUa Heer, as figured by Ettingshausen,^ two leaves
still larger than that from Kansas, five-nerved, the lateral nerves disposed
and branching as seen in our figure, the base of the leaves broadly rounded
and forming as in our species, a broad narrow sinus between the basilar
borders.

Though the upper part of the leaf figured in the Flora v. Bilin is
destroyed, the fragment indicates for the whole a form similar to that of
our plate. The leaves of the species illustrated in Heer's Fl. Tert. Helv.
(vol. 1, PI. XXX, Fig. 8), are much smaller, and the borders are less prolonged
downward, so that the base of the leaf is rounded truncate. Considering
the remarkable likeness of the leaf of S. grandifoUa to those described in the
Bilin Flora, and the great variety of characters as represented in the figures
by various authors, it would seem reasonable to admit the leaf of the Dakota
group as representing the same species as that of the Miocene of Europe.

It is to be remarked that the four leaves of Smilax grandifoUa figured
in Unger's Sylloge (pt.,1, PI. ii, Figs. 5-8), are seven-nerved; one (Fig. 7)
is five-nerved. Hence, the difference in the form of the leaves and the
number of nerves is of no importance, or at least is not specific. Heer^ rep-
resents the species by a fine, entire, smaller leaf with five nerves, the lowest
short, ascending to the middle; the median long, aerodrome; the other char-
acters are also the same as in the leaf from Kansas.
Habitat: Kansas.

' Chlor. Protog., p. 129, PI. XL, Fig. 3.
'Flora von Bilin, p. 104, PI. VI, Figs. 15, 16.
3 Fl. Fo88. Aret., vol. 2, pt. 4, PI. xlv, Fig. 7.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 41

Order DIOSCOREACEiE.

DiOSCOEEA ? CRETACEA LeSq.

Cret. Fl., p. 56, PI. xxviii, Fig. 10; Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 34.

Order BROMELIACE^.

Tribe BROMELIE^E.

Bbomelia? TENtriFOLiA, sp. nov.
PI. I, Fig. 13.

Leaves apparently long, linear, very gradually narrowed upward, dis-
tantly spinous, short-dentate; nerves parallel, thin, close, equal and equi-
distant.

The generic reference of such a small fragment of leaf as that figured
is of course uncertain. Some palms of the genera Acrocomia Mart., Astro-
car}n.im Meyer, etc., have their fronds covered Avitli spines and the leaves
also sometimes bordered with spinous teeth ; but these are longer, more
numerous, and in-egularly placed. The leaves also of some species of
Pandanus (P. ornatiis, for example) are spinous on the borders, but they all
have a distinct midrib, and thus it seems that the fragment from Kansas is
referable to the Bromeliacese, having a degree of likeness to the leaves of
Bonapartea, cultivated in the gardens, and also in the fossil species BromeUa
GaiicUni, Heer,^ which may serve as a point of comparison, although the
leaves are comparatively narrower, the nervation obsolete, and the spines
of the borders much longer and generally at right angles.

The fragment is 6.5""" long, 2.5*"" broad, marked by 40 parallel nerves,
15 or 16 in a diameter of 1™', all equal in size and distance. As in the leaf
of Encephalartos the nerves nearest to the borders enter them and pass
out, forming short aciite teeth or spines tu.rned upward.

Habitat : Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 46 of tlie museum of the
University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington.

'Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 1, p. 107, PI. XLix and i..

42 THE FLOKA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

DICOTYLEDONES.

Order SALICINE^.

PopiTLUS Berggeeni Heer.
PI. VIII, Figs. 2-4.

Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. ]06, PI. xxix. Figs. 1-5; vol. 6, 2 Abtli., p. G3,
PI. XVII, Fig. 8a ; PI. xviii, Figs. l-4a,b, 9a, 10a ; PI. xix, Fig. la ; PI. XL, Fig.
7a ; PI. XLi, Fig. 1 ; PI. XLV, Fig. 12.

Leaves siibcoriaceous, oval, equally narrowed upward to a bluut apex,
and downward to a long petiole, entire; median nerve strong; secondaries
thin ; slightly curved in passing toward the borders, camptodrome.

The species, which is common in the Cretaceous of Grreenland, has been
recently found in a few specimens in the Dakota Group. The leaves vary
much in size. We have seen them from 5""" to 8""" long and 2""° to 4'^'" broad.
The secondaries, traversing the blade at an angle of 35°-50°, are distant
and parallel, those of lowest pair opposite, supra-basilar, having generally
a thin marginal nerve underneath. The petiole, preserved entire in Fig. 2,
is 2.5"" long, somewhat thicker at the base.

The three leaves figured here correspond in their characters to those
represented by Heer, our Fig. 2 being essentially similar to that in Heer;^
Fig. 3 allied in the same degree to that of Fig. 2a of the same plate, and
Fio-. 4 to that of his Fig. .5. The form of the leaves is as variable as the
size.

Habitat : The two leaves, Figs. 2 and 3, have been found in Ellsworth
County, Kansas. No. 62 of the museum of the University of Kansas;
A. Wellington, collector. Fig. 4 is from a specimen sent from Minnesota
by Prof N. H. Winchell.

POPULXJS KANSASEANA, Sp. DOV.

PI. XVII, Figs. 1-7.

Leaves small, with a slender petiole, elliptical-ovate, lanceolate acumi-
nate or pointed, narrowing or rounding to the petiole but not decumng to
it, entire ; primary nerve thin; secondaries numerous, 6-8 pairs, the lower
opposite, supra-basilar, with a thin, basilar ner^dlle underneath, curved in the
upper part, camptodrome, anastomosing along the borders in a single series
of areoles.

:Loc. cit., vol. 3, PI. XXIX, Fig. 4.

DESOEIPTION OF SPECIES. 43

These leaves are generally small, being 2.5'"" to 6""' long, 1.5"" to 3""
broad at the middle, with a slender, long petiole which is generally broken.
The secondaries, at an angle of divergence of 45° variable in distance, more
or less ramose, are often separated by thinner, shorter, parallel tertiaries
and crossed by nervilles at right angles forming large meshes.

By their form and size they are closely similar to the small leaves of
P. mutabilis Heer, a common and very variable species of the European
Miocene; they are, however, generally narrower, longer acuminate and
always quite entire. They have been abundantly found mixed with those
of Diospyros rotundifoUa (Figs. 8-1 1 of the same plate) with which they have
a degree of resemblance, differing, however, always by the thinner texture
and the pointed or acuminate apex.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas, in nodules. Nos. 411, 416, 471,
473, 480, 481, of the museum of the University of Kansas. ' Collected by
E. P. West.

POPULUS HYPEEBOEEA Beer.
PI. Ill, Figs. 9-11; PI. VIII, Fig. 1; PI. XL VII, Fig. 5.

Heer, FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 106, PI. sxix, Figs. 6-9 ; Pi. xxvii. Fig. 8d ; PL
XXX, Fig. 2b; vol. 6, Abth. 2, p. 64, PI. xvii. Figs. 6, 7; PI. xxi, Fig. la.

Leaves coriaceous, ovate or broadly oval, entire, obtuse, rounded at
base to a long petiole or slightly curved downward in reaching it; median
nerve strong; secondaries distant and ramose, camptodi'ome.

All the leaves seen fi'om this species from the Dakota Grouji are about
of the same size, that is 4™ to 7""' long, 5""" to 6*"° broad at the middle, with
a strong petiole 6"" long. It is the same with the leaves figured by Heer,
except one,^ which does not seem to be referable to the species. They are
also identical in the other characters except that the lea^^es from Green-
land have the basilar border rounded to the petiole, as in PI. Ill, Fig. 11, and
PL VIII, Fig. 1, not at all narrowing at base, as in Figs. 9 and 10 of PI. III.
The difference is, however, of no specific value. The nervation is more
distinctly marked in the leaves from Kansas, which are also better preserved.

The lower secondaries are supra-basilar, but have generally under them
quite near the base a thin pair of nervilles which follow close to the borders,
anastomosing with them; the upper ones are variable in distance, diverging
30°-40° from the midrib, little curved in traversing the blade, arched along
the borders which they follow, anastomosing in simple, large areoles. The

'Loc. cit., PI. XXIX, Fig. 7.

44 THE PLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

areas are traversed by very thin uervilles, wliich are oblique or at right angles
to the secondaries.

Habitat : Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 604, 754, 860 of the col-
lection of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P.
West. Fig. 1, PI. IX, from ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas, is No.
59 of Mr. R. D. Lacoe's collection.

POPULUS HAEKEEIANA, Sp. nOV.
PL XLVI, Fig. 4.

Leaf coriaceous, large, cordiform, obtusely short-acuminate, rounded
at base to the petiole, entire ; nervation palmately ternate from the base of
the leaf; midiib stout, enlarged gradually fi-om the middle to the base;
lateral primaries curving inward in ascending to above the middle, where
they unite with the lowest secondaries, which are far distant above.

This fine leaf is 9. 5"°" long, 9"" broad at the middle, the more enlarged
part, and has a long, tluck petiole, a part of which, 3"™ long, is preserved.
Its form is comparable to that of P. Gaudini Fischer-Ooster, as figured by
Ileer,^ but the nervation is of a diff'erent type, evidently of that of P. arctica,
as will be seen in comparing some of the figures of this last species in Heer,
Fl. Foss. Ai-ct, vol. 1, PI. IV.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2723 of the U. S. National
Museum.

PopULUS STYGiA Heer.
PI. Ill, Fig. 12.

Heer, Fl. Foss.Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 107, PI. xxix, Fig. 10; vol.6, abth. 2, p. 64, PI.
XVII, Fig. 5; PI. XVIII, Figs. 5-8; PI. xxxix. Fig. 5.

Leaves subcoriaceous, entire, distinctly cordate, obtuse at apex; primary
nerves strong; secondai-ies ramose, the two or three lowest pairs generally
nearer to each other, camptodi'ome, following the borders in areoles.

As seen from the specimens figured by Heer, the leaves are greatly
variable in size, rangmg from S"" to 7''" in length, generally as broad as long.
As yet we have from the Dakota Grroup only a fragmentary leaf of this
species, which is about 4.5*"" in length and width. It has, however, the char-
acters indicated by Heer clearly marked, viz, its cordate base, obtuse apex,
and camptodrome nervation. Heer compares his species to PojJuUtes lan-
castriensis Lesq.,^ remarking that the basal border of the leaf is not turned

' Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 2, PI. LXiv.
sCret. Fl., p. 58, PL III, Fig. 1.

DESCEIPTION OF SPECIES. 45

down to the petiole as in the leaf from Kansas, an error rectified by the
specimens of Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, where especially Figs. 7 and 8 of PI.
XVIII have that basilar curve well defined. The real diff"erence between the
two species is in the small size and obtuse apex of the leaves of P. stijgia,
while those of Populites lancastriensis are apparently lanceolate, pointed
(the upper part is destroyed), and especially in the real caraptodi-ome ner-
vation, the secondaries forming a series of areoles in following the borders
in P. stygia, while in Populites lancastriensis the secondaries eitlier reach the
borders by their extremities or are effaced toward the borders and not cm-ved
in areoles.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 567 of the museum of the
University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

PopuLUs ELLiPTiCA Newb.
Later Ext. FL, p. 16 ; Illustr. Cret. and Tert. PI., PI. in, Figs. 1 aud 2.

POPULTJS MICEOPHTLLA Newb.

Later Ext. PL, p. 17 ; Illustr. Cret. and Tert. PL, PL iii, Fig. 5.

PoPULUS ? coKDiFOLiA, N'ewb.

Later Ext. FL, p. 18; Illustr. Cert, and Tert. PL, PL iii. Fig. 7.

Populites Sternbergii, sp. nov.
PL VII, Figs. 8, 9.

Leaf subcoriaceotis, broadly ovate, pointed, much enlarged above the
base, rounded to the petiole, entire or slightly undulate; primary nerve
thick and straight to the apex; secondaries distant, parallel, forking near
the border, curved upward in passing to the borders, subcamptodrome;
nervilles simple, distant, at right angles to the secondaries, percun-ent.

These two leaves are apparently referable to the same species, although
diff"ering in some parts. In Fig. 8 the secondaries and their branches are
more distinctly craspedodrome, and their disposition less regular. The thick
median nerve is also in this leaf disproportionate to the very thin, sharply
marked secondaries, which are alternate or parallel, inequidistant, at an
angle of divergence of 60°, all arched upward in traversing the lamina,
simply forking near the borders, the lower of the secondaries on one side
being arched downward, contrary to the upward curves of the others. In
Fig. 9 the median nerve is not as thick ; the secondaries are equidistant,
stronger, and evidently camptodrome, curving quite near the borders, the
lowest pair being very thin and marginal.

46 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

lu the numerous specimens of the leaves of Populites of the Dakota
Group, some of which may be referable to other generic divisions, there
is a more or less marked difference in the secondary nervation, which some-
times appears camptodrome by the thinning of the nerves quite near the
borders, and sometunes is distinctly craspedodrome, the borders being entire,
undulate or denticulate by the outside projection of the nerves. These form
a peculiar group, comprising Populites cyclophyllus Heer, P. Utigiosus Heer
Lesq., P. elegnns Lesq., P. lancastriensis Lesq., Populus f cordifolia Newb.,
and the Populites Sternhcrgii, now described.

The leaves of this group, like those of some others of the Cretaceous,
seem to represent by gradual modifications intermediate forms, whose spe-
cific reference remains uncertain or difficult to fix.

Habitat: Two and one-half miles south of Glascoe, Kansas. Nos. 422
and 426 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massa-
chusetts.

Populites litigiosus (Heer) Lesq.
PI. VII, Fig. 7; PL VIII, Fig. 5; PI. XLVI, Fig. 6; PL XLVII, Fig. 1.

Populus litigiosa Heer, PhylL Cr6t. du N6br., p. 13, PL i. Fig. 2 ; Newberry, Illustr.
Cret. and Tert. PL, PL in. Fig. 6; PL ii, Fig. 1 ; Schimper, PaL V6g., voL 2, p. 691.

Leaves rounded, entire at the truncate or broadly cuneate base; lateral
nerves in four pairs, the basilar opposite, the upper alternate distant; ner-
villes curved, continuous or divided.

The species is really little known, though often quoted. The above de-
scription is that of Heer, made from a mere fragment of a single leaf, of which
the base and the median part only are preserved, the borders all around
and the upper part being destroyed. Fig. 5 of our PL VIH agrees with what
is seen of the leaf represented by Heer, and with his description, except
that the number of the lateral nerves is greater, being six instead of four,
with still one pair of basilar veinlets following close to the borders, and an
intermediate nerve on one side included in the space between the base of
the lowest lateral nerves and that of the leaf. But this leaf is much larger
than that figured by Heer. The lateral nerves are all parallel, distant,
straight, thinning toward the borders, ramose and craspedodi'ome, as well as
their divisions, the borders being either entire or somewhat undulate. In Fig.
7, PI. VII, the lower lateral nerves are not opposite, and the space between
their point of attachment and the base of the leaf is much narrower. With
the smaller size of the leaf it is the only point of diiference between this and

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIEa. 47

Fig. 5, and as the basilar paii- of nerves close to the borders is present, the
identity of tliese leaves may be admitted.

There is the same degree of difference between the two leaves refen-ed
to this species here and in the illustrations of Dr. Newberry. One (PI. iii,
Fig. 6) is larger ; the lower pair of secondaries is at a distance from the base
of the leaves; the lower secondaries are opposite, and there is still on one
side a short thinner basilar nerve, while in the leaf of PL ii, Fig. 1, which
is smaller, the lowest lateral nerves join the midrib quite near the basal
border of the leaf, and there is no basilar nerve underneath. In this leaf,
moreover, the borders are entire and the nerves camptodrome, while in the
other the upper border of the leaf appears crenulate, and the .nerves reach
the borders as craspedodi-ome. From this it appears that, with a slight
modification, Heer's description of the species is exact, the difference being
merely the result of varieties in the different leaves. Schimper says, how-
ever, in his description of these leaves, that they are. coarsely dentate above
(superne grosse dentatis), which is apparently a mistake. I have seen, how-
ever, more recently, a number of leaves with dentate borders (not coarsely
dentate) having the same kind of nervation as the leaves figm-ed in our
Pis. VII and VIII, and also the same size and form.

They appear to constitute a variety of the species, as Popidus litigiosa
var. clenticulata. But this does not prove that the leaf described by Heer as
P. litigiosa nor those referred to it by Dr. Newberry and by myself pertain
really to Populus, the nervation being generally craspedodrome and pin-
natifid.

Habitat: Commonly found in the Dakota Group of Kansas and
Nebraska. No. 4050, from Pipe Creek, Cloud County, Kansas, and No.
4138, from ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas, of Mr. R. D. Lacoe's
collection. Fig. 1, PI. LIX, from Fort Harker, Kansas, is No. 2770 of the
U. S. National Museum.

POPXTLITBS ELBGANS Lesq.
PI. XL VI, Fig. 5; PI. XL VII, Figs. 2, 3.

Cret. Fl., p. 69, PI. in. Fig. 3.

The description of the species as it has been established in Cret. Fl.
should be completed by the addition of the word dentate to the character of
the borders, which indeed are as often dentate or undulate as entire. I have
also to remark that the areolation of the leaves referable to this species
appears more distinctly mai-ked and that the leaves of Populus litigiosa Heer

48 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

are as often dentate or undulate as those of P. elegans. It seems, therefore,
that the more distinct areohition is the essential character that we have to
sejiarate these species by. But it might be supposed that the difference is
due only to the preserved face of the specimen; the areohition being generally
more distinct upon the lower surface of the leaves of Populus. In this case I
have considered as an important character the position of the lower second-
aries, which in the leaves of P. elegans are basilar or nearly so, and more
irregularly disposed, while as seen in Fig. 3 of the species they are supra-
basilar borders of the leaf This character may not be persistent or specific
and the variety in the nervation of these leaves, which have now been
studied in great numbers, is so great that this separation can not be admitted
without doubt. We have, however, not sufficient authority of the real char-
acter of P. Utigiosa in the description and figure of Heer (Phyll. Cr^t. du
Nt^braska, PI. i, Fig. 2), the only specimen seen by the author being a frag-
ment of a leaf with the lower pair of secondaries suprabasilar, and a mar-
ginal pair of veinlets underneath just as seen in oiir Fig. 2, the borders of
the leaf being destroyed above the base.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2760 of the U. S. National
Museum.

POPTJLITES LANCASTKIENSIS Lesq.

Cret. Fl., p. 58, PI. ni, Fig. 1.

POPULITES CYCLOPHYLLUS (Heer) Lesq.
Cret. Fl., p. 59, PI. it. Fig. 5.
Pojui'm cyclophylla Heer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, Vol. 10, 1858, p. 266.

Sax,ix Hayei, sp. nov.
PI. Ill, Fig. 7.

Leaves coriaceous, small, entire, oblong, blunt-pointed, cnneate in nar-
rowing at base to a short petiole ; primary nerve thick, secondaries at an
open angle of divergence, close, numerous, anastomosing along the borders
in festoons.

A small leaf, remarkable by its coriaceoiis texture, the close, parallel
secondaries deeply marked, 10-11 pairs on a leaf, 4.5°" long, 2-5"°' broad, at
an angle of divergence of 50°; petiole short, 6°"" long; nervilles distinct, at
right angles to the secondaries, forming by subdivisions an irregular polyg-
onal reticulation.

The nearest relative I know to this fine leaf is Salix ahhreviata Gopp.^

'Tert. Fl. von Schossnitz, p. 24, PI. xvii, Fig. 7.

DESCEIPTION OF SPECIES. 49

It has also a degree of affinity to S. Rceana Heer/ differing' by the more
coriaceous texture, the secondaries at a more open angle of divergence, the
areolation irregularly polygonal, etc.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 788 of the collection of the
museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P.. West.

Salix deleta, sp. nov.
PI. in, Pig. 8.

Leaves subcorfaceous, subfalcate, ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a blunt
apex, rapidly narrowed and cuneiform to the slightly inequilateral base,
entii'e, penuinerved; median nerve percurrent, deeply marked but compai'a-
tively narrow; secondaries numerous, subopposite, pai'allel, distinctly camp-
todrome, curving in bows along the borders, separated by thinner tertiaries.

The lateral nerves, which are all at the same angle of divergence of
50°, are not more than 5°"" distant at the base, most of them separated by
an intermediate tertiary nerve vanishing above the middle in anastomosing
with the secondaries, or traversed at right angles by nervilles forming a
large quadrangular areolation.

The appeax'ance of the leaf is rather like that of a Ficus. The nerva-
tion, however, refers it to Salix, it being a peculiar species to which none of
the willow leaves of more recent foi'mations have any recognized affinity.

Habitat : Pipe Creek, Cloud County, Kansas. No. 4096 of Mr. R. D.

Lacoe's collection.

Salix neevillosa Heer.

Phyll. Cr6t. du Nebraska, p. 15, PI. i, Pig. 3.

Salix puoTE^iEFOLiA Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. J'l., p. 42, PI. i, Figs. 14^16; PI. xvi, Fig. 3; Cret. Fl., p. 60, PI. v,

Figs. 1-4.

There are so many of these leaves, and they show, taken altogether,
differences which, although too feeble to be considered as specific, may be
placed under the following varieties :

Salix prote!^folia var. linearifolia Lesq.
PL LXIV, Figs. 1-3.

Leaves long, narrow, linear, surface smooth; texture somewhat thick;
secondaries not visible; midrib narrow. There are ten specimens from
Ellsworth County, Kansas, in Mr. R. D. Lacoe's cabinet (Nos. 436-445).

1 Fl. Fo89. Arct., vol. i, p. 102, PI XX l, Fig. 13,

50 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Salix prote^folia var. flesuosa Lesq.
PL LXIV, Figs. 4, 5.

Leaves narrow and lineai", flexiious or curved-falcate to one side ; mid-
rib slightly stronger than in the preceding variety, texture and size about
the same. These leaves are similar to the two figured on PI. Ill, Figs. 3
and 4, which I have described as a variety of Myrica longa.

The figm-e of Salix flexuosa Newberry, in Illustr. Cret. and Tert. PI.,
PI. I, Fig. 4, represents tliis form. There are seven specimens (Nos. 446-
452) from Ellsworth County, Kansas, in Mr. R. D. Lacoe's cabinet.

Salix prote^folia var. lajnoeolata Lesq.
PI. LXIV, Figs. 6-8.

Leaves shorter and somewhat broader, gradually narrowed to the apex,
and more rapidly to the base, where they join a broad, short petiole; median
nerve as in the preceding variety ; secondaries obsolete, textm'e of the leaf
the same. Tliis form answers to the two leaves of Salix- cuneata figiu-ed by
Newberry.^ There are twenty-two specimens (Nos. 453-474) all from Ells-
worth County, Kansas, in Mr. R. D. Lacoe's cabinet. One specimen has
the secondaries distinct, like that of Salix proteosfolia Lesq.;^ but this leaf
is short, linear-lanceolate, agreeing in form with the var. flexuosa. It is
specimen No. 446 (our Fig. 4) of Mr. R. D. Lacoe's collection.

Salix prote^folia var. longifolia Lesq.
PI, LXr^, Fig. 9.

A large, long leaf with cuneate base narrowed to a long acute tip
(broken); midrib thick; secondaries prominent, subopposite; texture as in
the other forms. One specimen from Ellsworth County, Kansas, (No. 475)
in Mr. R. D. Lacoe's cabinet.

Salix Meekii Newb.
Later Ext. FL, p. 19 ; Illustr. Gret. and Tert. PL, PL i, Fig. 1.

Salix cuneata Newb.
Later Ext. FL, p. 21 ; Illustr. Gret. and Tert. PL, PL i, Figs. 2, 3.

Salix flexuosa Kewb.
Later Ext. FL, p. 21; Illustr. Gret. and Tert. PL, PL i. Fig. 4.

1 Loo. cit., Pl. I, Figs. 2 and 3a.

2 Cret. and Tert. Fl., PI. i, Fig. 15.

DESGEIPTION OF SPECIES. 51

FBTJITINa CATKIN OF SALIX.

PI. VIII, Fig. 6.

Salix species, a fruiting catkin, with small, somewhat distant pedicel-
late, cylindrical-ovate, pointed ovaries. This catkin is very similar to those
of a number of living species of willows, especially to those of S. frac/ilis
L. Among fossil organs of this kind it is comparable to Salix volkana
Ludw.^ It may be referable to S. protemfolia Lesq., the only species abun-
dantly distributed in the Dakota Group.

Habitat : Ten miles northeast of Delj)hos, Kansas. No. 4062 of Mr.
R. D. Lacoe's collection.

Order CUPULIFER^.

Tribe QUERCINE.^.

Fagus poltclada Lesq.
Cret. Fl., p. 67, PI. v, Fig. 65 Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, vol. 46, 1868, p. 95.

FAaus CRETACEA Newb.

Later Ext. Fl., p. 23 ; Illustr. Cret. and Tert. PL, PI. 11, Fig. 3.

Fagxts orbiculatum, sp. nov.
PI. XLVII, Fig. 6.

Leaves small, rounded in the upper part, Ijroadly cuneate to the base,
entire ; midrib strong and straight, percurrent ; secondaries simple, equi-
distant, straight, craspedodrome ; nervilles thin, simple, distant, at right angles
to the secondaries.

The leaf is remarkable by its simpHcity and the regular disposition of
all its parts. It measures vertically 4.5"™ and is of k nearly orbicular form,
being only somewhat narrowed near the base. The secondaries (seven
pairs), diverging from the midrib at an angle of 50°, pass straight up to
the borders, being perfectly simple, parallel and craspedodi'ome ; the tertia-
ries are also simple and very thin and are somewhat distant and at right
angles to the secondaries, the areolation or their subdivisions being obsolete.

Except for the regular, neai-ly round form of this leaf, there is nothing"
in its appreciable character which indicates a deviation from the normal
characters of the leaves of Fagus. The nervilles are somewhat more distant
and the borders more perfectly entire than we see them in living species of

iFoss.Pfl. derEhein.-Wett. Tert.Forin.,iii Palaeontogr., vol. 8, 1859, p. 93, PI, xxvii, Fig. 13jl3a, b,c.

52 THE FLOE A OP THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

the genus. But the same appearances are observable in the leaves of Fagus
deucalionis Ung., the distance of the nervilles and size of the leaves being
nearly the same as represented in Heer'; also in F. Antipofii Abich, the
leaves of which are figured with the borders perfectly entire,^ as well as in
F. cordifolia Heer,^ which was apparently originally subcoriaceous, seems to
have been heavily compressed, and therefore looks thin, especially along
the borders.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 224 of the collection of
Mr. R. D. Lacoe, of Pittston, Pennsylvania.

QUEKCtrS SUSPECTA, sp. uov.
PI. XL VII, Fig. 7 ; PL XLVIII, Figs. 1, 2.

Leaves large, coriaceous, broadly oval or nearly round, narrowed
toward the base, undulate or obtusely dentate on the borders, obtuse or
emarginate at apex; median nerve stout; secondaries strong, oblique, equi-
distant, simple or branching in the upper part, effaced before reaching the
borders, craspedodrome.

The leaves are large, 7*="" to IS*"" in length, G""" to d""^ in width, nar-
rowing toward the petiole, with six to eight pairs of alternate secondaries,
the lowest supra-basilar, all parallel, passing toward the borders at an angle
of divergence of 40° to 50°, becoming thick from the middle downward,
gradually thinning toward the borders, some of them branching.

The smaller one (Fig. 7, PI. XLVII) is more distinctly, obtusely, and
equally dentate; the secondaries, simple on one side, branch on the other,
and are of the same character as those of Fig. 1, PI. XLVIII, which is large,
nearly entire or with undulate borders.

These leaves maybe compared in size, form, and nervation to Q. Wihnsii
and Q. latissima Hos.,* tw© species of doubtful relation, and also to Q. JDeloesi
Heer.* But the points of affinity do not sufficiently sustain the reference of
these leaves to Quercus.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 217 and 226 of Mr. R. D.
Lacoe's collection. Fig. 2 of PI. LX, from near Fort Harker, Kansas, is
No. 2757 of the U. S. National Museum catalogue.

1 Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 4, pt. 1, p. 73, PI. XV, Fig. 6.

2 Fl. Foss. Arct. vol. 5, pt. 3, PI. vi, Fig. 8 ; Pl.vii, Fig. 5.
^Loc. cit., vol. 7, PI. xcii, Fig. 1.

^Diootyl. tier Westfal. Kreideformatiou, p. 95, PI. xil, Figs. 3-6, and p. 97, PI. Xlli, Fig. 11.
^Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 2, p. 56, PI. lxxviii, Fig. 7.

DESCRIPTION OP SPECIES. 53

QUEECXJS SPUEIO-ILEX, sp. hov.'
PL XLVIII, Pig. 3.

Leaves small, coriaceous, oblong, ovate-lanceolate, abruptly pointed,
truncate at base, dentate-spinose all aroiiud; midrib straight, rigid; sec-
ondaries open, more or less ramose or forking above, all the divisions enter-
ing the teeth, craspedodi'ome.

The leaf is similar in its form, the dentation of the borders, and the
nervation to that of Q. Hejc L., as represented by Schenk in Zittel's Hand-
buch der Palaontologie,^ and it is also comparable to some of the forms of
the leaves of Q. chrysopliyUa Kellogg and Q. agrifoUa Nee, both living species
of California, and both species with leaves extremely variable in size and
foiin like Q. ilex.

The leaf is about 3.5°™ long and 2"" broad, and has seven pairs of sec-
ondaries at an open angle of divergence of from 50° to 60°-; is dentate with
unequal, sharply acuminate or acute, open teeth, which are nearly 3"" long,
separated by obtuse sinuses.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4032 of the
collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

QUEBCUS Waediana, sp. nov.
PI. VII, Fig. 1.

Leaf large, coriaceous, polished on the surface, entu-e or undulate, even
obscurely distantly dentate, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, gradually naiTowed
to the base; median nerve half round, comparatively narrow, of equal
thickness in its whole length, rigid ; lateral nerves alternate, close, nearly at
right angles towards the base, gradually more distant upward and at a broad
angle of divergence of 60°-70° above the middle, subcraspedodrome.

This fine leaf is about IT"" long (the apex being brpken), obtuse, 8.5""
broad in the upper part, gradually narrowed from below the middle to the
point of attachment, apparently a short petiole, which is broken. The upper
secondaries are at an equal distance, parallel, strong, but the lower ones,
six or seven pairs, are thinner, less distant, gradually shorter and more
open, nearly at right angles.

•This species was named Quercus pseudo-ilex, sp. uov., by Prof. Lesqnereux, l)ut as this name is
antedated by the Quercus pseudo-ilex of Kovats (Fdssile Flora v. ErdobiSnye, 1S56, p. 22, PI. II, Fig. 6)
it becomes necessary to change it. I liave called it Q. spurio-ilex with a view to still preserving its
implied relation to the living Q. ilex. — F. H. K.

m Abth., 5 Lief., p. 436, Figs. 6-8.

54 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA- GROUP.

Altlioiigli strong', the upjier secondaries cnrve before , reaching- the
borders and enter them either by their ends or by subdivisions of their
branches.

The species is distantly related to Qiiercus {Dri/ophi/llmn') snhcreiaceum
(Sap.) Lesq./ which has, howe\'er, the leaves narrow, dentate or crenate
and the nervation camptodronie.

Habitat : Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 4204 of the collection of
Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Qttercus alnoides, sp. nov.
PI. VII, Fig. 3.

Leaf coriaceous, obovate (broken at apex), entire or slightly flexuous
along the borders, cuneate at base ; secondaries inequidistant, more approxi-
mate towards the base, thick, mostly simple, camptodrome, the basilar pair
marginal and very thin ; nervilles distinct, at right angles to the secondaries,
percurrent, simple or forking, and anastomosing in the middle.

Though the specimen represents only the lower part of a leaf, the
characters noted above are clearly xnarked. The fragment indicates a leaf
gem ^Q -jcm loi^g a^nd 4.5«m broad at or near the middle. The secondaries have
an angle of divergence of about 50°, some of them close together, others
l*^™ apart, separated by an intermediate tertiary, much thinner and shorter
than the secondaries, and flexuous.

Species comparable to Alnites pseudincana Gopp.,^ a leaf which, however,
has the borders obscurely dentate. It is still more closely related to Qiiercus
Deloesi Heer.' A point of comparison is found also in Q. advena Sap.,* a
Tertiaiy species.

The reference of this leaf to Quercus has been questioned, but none
other proposed. Considering the form of the leaf and its nervation the
relation seems clearly marked with the living Q. Championi Benth., an
example of which is figured by Schenk, Handbuch der Palseont., ii Abth.,
5 Lief, p. 436, Figs. 4, 5.

Habitat: Kansas. No. 429 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology
of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

> Fl. FoSH. S^xanne, PI. v, Fig8. 1-3.

^xertiilrfl. Sclilesiens, Palaeoutogr., vol. 2, 1852, p. 272, PI. i. Figs. 5a, b.

'Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 2, p. .56, PI. Lxxviil, Figs. 6, 7, 14.

"Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., 5"« s^r., vol. 8, 1867, p. 67, PI. v, Fig. 6.

13ES0RIPTI0N OF SPECIES. 55

QUEECUS GLASCOENA, Sp. QOV,
PL VI, Fig. 6.

Leaves subcoriaceous or membranous, with polished surface, ovate,
obtuse, broadly cuneate to the petiole; borders entire, slightly undulate;
median nerve thick; secondaries thin, few, five to six pairs, parallel, the lower
ones opposite; nervilles obhque, thin, straight, simple, and percurrent.

The leaf is 6.5""' long, broken or erased at the apex and thus apparently
obtuse, nearly 5""° broad below the middle ; the secondaries thin, at an angle
of 40° to 50°, are somewhat flexuous or sHghtly curved upward in traversing
the lamina, mostly simple, craspedodrome, or the upper ones apparently
camptodrome, the lowest pair suprabasilar; nervilles very thin, oblique to
the nerves. The petiole is strong like the median nerve, broken 6°"" below
the base of the leaf

The leaf has, by its mixed nervation and undulate borders, the appear-
ance of Hmnamelites fothergllloides Sap.,^ from which it differs by its form,
its nearly entire borders and the wider divergence of the secondaries. It
has a greater degree of affinity to Quercus Larguensis Sap.,^ not only by its
similar form but by the character of the nervation, the secondaries being
ecpially distant, camptodrome or craspedodrome and the nervilles oblique
to the secondaries.

Habitat: Seven miles northeast of Grlascoe, Kansas. No. 482 of the
Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

QUBKCUS ELLSWOKTHIANA Lesq.
Cret. FL, p. 65, PI. Vi, Fig. 7.

QUBRCtrs MOEEISONIANA Lesq.
Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 40, PL xvii, Figs. 1, 2.

Qtjeecus salicifolia Newb.
Later Ext. FL, p. 24, Illustr. Cret. and Tert. PL, PL ii, Fig. 1.

Qtjeecus cxineata Newb.
Later Ext. FL, p. 25.'

' Fl. Fobs. Suzanne, p. 393, PI. Xl, Fig. 3.

2 Etudes, vol. 3, p. 67, PI. v. Fig. 1.

f Quercus antiqua and Q. sinuata Newb. (Later Ext. Fl., pp. 26, 27), from the lower Crotaceons
sandstone, banks of Rio Dolores, southern Utah, are omitted here, as the geological stage of the
formation is not identified with that of the Dakota group.

56 THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

QlTEBCXJS PORANOIDES Lesq.
Cret. Fl., p. 66, PI. xxx, Fig. 9.

QuERCus (Dbyophyllum) primordialis Lesq.
Cret. FL, p. 64, PI. v, Fig. 7. .

QUERCUS (DEYOPHYLLtTM) DAKOTENSIS Lesq.

PI. VII, Fig. 4.
Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 39.

Leaves subcoriaceous, ovate-lanceolate, naiTOwed in an outside curve
to the base, less abniptly attenuated to an acute or blunt apex (not distinct),
entire toward the base, regularly dentate from the middle upward, short
pedicellate; median nerve narrow, straight ; secondaries thin, nearly
straight, simple or di^'ided into two or tlu-ee branches, craspedodrome. It
is closely allied to the preceding species.

Habitat: Kansas. No. 62 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology
of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

QuEBCUS HEXAGONA Lesq.
PI. VII, Fig. 5.

Cret. Fl., p. 64. PL V, Fig. 8.

Leaf rhomboidal-ovate, narrowed to a point from above the middle,
tapering downward, cuneate at base, iiTegularly dentate above, nervation
pinnate, simple, craspedodrome.

The leaf figured here is somewhat smaller than that described in the
Cretaceous Flora. It has, however, the same characters. The basilar second-
aries follow quite near the borders and parallel to them, entering into very
short, slightly marked teeth, while the iipper ones are alternate and pass to
stronger acute teeth, that of the third pair being the largest of all in both
specimens. To the first description of the species nothing has to be added
but this, that the secondaries are not always simple, but sometimes once
branching.

The relation of this species to Q. Oshornii, remarked in Cret. and Tert.
Fl., p. 39, is not well defined. It is more distinctly marked with Q. troglo-
dites Heer"^ of the Middle Cretaceous or Senonian of Atanekerdluk, a species
which appears nearly identical, differing merely by shorter, more obtuse

'Fl. Foss. Arct., voL 6, 2 AMh , PI. xxis", Fig. 14.

DESCRIPTION OP SPECIES. 57

teeth and the absence of a basilar marginal veinlet, which is well marked
in both specimens of the Dakota Grou^i.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4017 of the
collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

QuEEOus (Dryophyllum) Hosiana, sp. nov.
PI. Ill, Fig. 14.

Leaf coriaceous, small, ovate or short ovate-lanceolate, pointed, rounded
and narrowed at base, somewhat inequilateral, unequally dentate-repand on
the bordei's, entire toward the bn.se; primary nerve strong; secondaries,
of which tliere are six pairs, at an angle of divergence of 50° to 60°, arched
in passing toward the borders, subcraspedodrome or entering the teeth by
short branches of the secondaries.

This leaf is like the upper part of some of the numerous leaves of Q.
ivestfalica, figured in Hosius, Fl. Westfal. Kreidef., p. 161, Pis. xxixand xxx,
the onl}^ difference being in the very reduced length of the leaf, which,
with that exception, has all the characters described by the author. As seen
in the figure, the secondaries pass under the teeth and are camptodrome,
while their branches enter them. This character is essentially considered
by Saporta as proper to the subdivision Dryophyllum of the genus Quercus.

Habitat: Probably ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4152a
of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

QuETicus (Dryophyllum) rhamnoides, sp. nov. .
PI. XL VIII, Fig. 4.

Leaves subcoriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, rounded in narrowing to the
base, l:)lunt or obtuse at apex ; borders entire or slightly undulate ; midrib
comparatively narrow, straight, half round; secondaries numerous, parallel
and equidistant, a little curved in passing toward the borders, camptodrome,
incumbent in festoons quite near the borders; tertiaries strong, at right angles
or slightly oblique to the secondaries, numerous, rarely simple, mostly
forking at the middle, composing by subdivisions an irregular, small, quad-
rate areolation.

The leaves representing the species are somewhat lacerated, the best
preserved Ijeing 7''"' long, 4"'" broad at the middle, and has sixteen pairs of
narrow, thin secondaries, deeply marked, mostly simple, diverging from the
midrib at an angle of 40°, united by nervilles close and at right angles.

The species has a near affinity oT character to Dryophyllum Eockys,

58 THE FLOKA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

represented by Fig. 19, in Debey, Feiiilles quercifovmes, from whicli it
merely dififers in its slightly greater breadth and less distant secondaries.
It has also a marked degree of relation, especially in the form of the leaf
and the nervation, to Qiiercus neiKidensis Lesq.^ or to DryophyUmn aquaniarum

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 219 of the collection of Mr.
R. D. Lacoe.

QuERCUs (Detophyllum) hieracifolia (Deb.) Hos. & v. d. Marck.
PI. Ill, Fig. 15.

Hos. & V. d. Marck, Fl. d. Westf. Oret. Form., p. 166, PL xxxi, Figs. 85-88 ; Heer Fl.
Foss. Arot., vol. G, 2 Abtb., p. 68, PI. xxv. Figs. 2b, c, 4.

Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate, narrowed to the rounded base, sparingly
sinuate-dentate, primary nerve thick ; secondaries at an acute angle of
divergence.

This leaf, though fragmentary, well represents the species as figured
by Heer (loc. cit.), being especially like his Fig. 2e. The teeth are shorter,
more obtuse, and more oblique than in the figures given by Hosius, but the
nervation is identical ; the simple secondaries curve in traversing the blade
at an angle of divergence of 45° to 50°, reaching the teeth by their extrem-
ities. The areolation is obsolete.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 726 of the museum of the
University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

QuERCus (Dryophyllum) latifolia Lesq.
Cret. and Tert. PL, p. 37, PL iv, Figs. 1, 2.

QuEROus (Dryophyllum) Holmesii Lesq.
Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 38, PL iv, Fig. 8.

GrALLA QUERCINA, Sp. nOV.
PL VII, Fig. 2.

Globular; surface smooth, polished; point of attachment transversely
oval, small, wrinkled around, at right angles to the point.

These organisms appear to represent oak galls, being in their characters
and appearance different from the round, ferruginous concretions found in
some localities of the Dakota Grroup, which are always rough on the sur-

'Foss. Plants of tlie Auriferous Gravel, p. 5, PI. II, Figs. 3 aud 4.
'Types of the Laramie Flora, p. 26, PI. x, Figs. 2 and 3.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 59

face. These galls, of which there are four specimens, vary in size from that
of a pea to that of a large walnut; they are all perfectly globular, very
smooth, shining, of black color, easily detached from the coarse, red matter
which contains them, and marked with a smooth cicatrice like the point of
attachment and a few irregular, round perforations like those made upon
oak galls by the egress of the insects.

Habitat: Found all together at the same locality, Ellsworth County,
Kansas; A. Wellington, collector. No. 5 of the collection of the museum
of the University of Kansas.

Tribe BETULE^E.

Alnites grandifolitjs Newb.

Later Ext. Fl., p. 9; lUust. Cret. and Tert. PL. PI. iv, Fig. 2,

Betula Beateiciana Lesq.
PI. Ill, Fig. 16.

Cret. FL, p. 61, PI. v. Fig. 5 ; PI. xxx, Fig. 4.

A fragment, the upper part of a leaf, apparently referable to this species,
which as yet is not sufficiently known.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 518 of the collection of the
museum of the University of Kansas ; E. P. West, collector.

BBTULITES Heer.

This generic division has been already used by Heer for the description
of two fragmentary leaves of the Dakota Group (BeUdites dcnticnlatus Heer,
Phyll. Cret. du N(^br., p. 1,5, PI. iv. Figs. 5, 6). I refer to it now a large
number of leaves, remarkably well preserved in ferruginous concretions,
mostly obtained by Judge West in the Dakota Group of Kansas. All these
leaves show, far more distinctly than those described by Heer, a relation to
Betula.

First. By the form and size of the leaves, which are ovate, blunt-pointed
or oblong-obtuse, round, reniform, truncate, subcordate or broadly cuneate
at the entire marginal base, which terminates in the lowest teeth of the
borders ; all forms identical with those of the leaves of the common B. nigra L.

Second. By the nervation, which is regularly pinnate, the median nerve
straight and narrow, the secondaries oblique, equidistant and parallel,
passing straight to the borders, craspedodi'ome, the lowest pairs generally

60 THE FLORA OP THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

siipra-basilar and opposite, ramose on the lower side, with nervilles distinct
and at right angles.

Third. B}^ the denticulation of the borders, being much like that of the
species of Betiila or of Alnus, the teeth being more or less distinct, sometimes
marked by mere points on the border at the extremities of the secondaries
and of their divisions entering them.

Fonrth. By the long-, slender petiole of the leaves.

Of course there are some points of difference which maj^ be remarked
in examining- separately some of the leaves ; but none affecting them in
their general, and therefore their generic, character.

There is even between these leaves such a degree of affinity that their
separation into species is extremely difficult. They look as if they had
been derived from a single tree or from a group of low bushes of the same
species, of which, as is the case with plants of our time, some differences
are remarked in leaves separately examined and compared. The petiole of
these leaves bears at its base a small, bifid stipule, with lanceolate, pointed
lobes. This organism, however, is rarely preserved.

The task of studying these leaves, represented by hundreds of speci-
mens, has been hard, indeed, but at the same time pleasant and instructive.
For it has been rarely possible as yet to obtain in a fossil state such a
number of perfectly preserved fossil leaves, which, like these, may be
studied as easily as those of plants in the herbarium or even as if they wei'e
still in process of growth, and tlms afford clear evidence of the multiple
modifications which, in geological times, may have affected the plants of the
same species. It is admissible that if these leaves had been discovered
separately at divers times and at divers localities they might have been
referred by authors to a number of species. In the present case it is
scarcely possible to doubt their relation to a single species. Nevertheless,
in order to remark on some appreciable differences in their characters I '
have described them here under the name of Betulites Westii and subdivided
the species into a number of varieties.

Betulites Westii, sp. nov.
PI. IV, Figs. 1-22 ; PI. V, Pigs. 5-14.

Leaves of small size, long-petioled, subcoriaceous, ovate-oblong,
obtuse or blunt at apex, tiamcate, subcordate or broadly wedge-form at the
entire base ; borders subentire or more or less distinctly denticulate ; ner-
vation pinnate, craspedodrome ; primary nerves straight, narrow ; second-

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 61

aries 6-10 pairs, oblique, parallel, equidistant, the lower opposite and
suprabasilar ; uervilles distinct at right angles; petiole slender," 10-18°""
long, stipulate at base.

Habitat : Ellsworth County, Kansas. All the specimens numliered
below belong to the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E.
P. West.

1. BETULITES WeSTII var. SUBINTEaEIFOLIUS.'

PI. lY, Figs. 1-4.

Leaves broadly ovate or oval, obtuse ; truncate or subcordate at base ;
borders nearly entire, minutely puuctulate by the points of the extremities
of the secondaries entering the borders ; secondaries distant, six pairs at an
open angle of divergence of 45° to 50°. Nos. 302, 313, 375, and 378 of
the collection.

2. BETULITES WESTII var. OBTTJSUS.

PI. IV, Figs. 5-8.

Leaves oblong-oval, rounded at apex, subtruncate at base; minutely
denticulate; secondaries of the same character as in the preceding. Nos.
235, 241, 260, and 263 of the collection.

3. Betulites Westii var. latifolius.

PI. IV, Figs. 9-11.

Leaves lai-ger, 4-6""" long, ovate, blunt-pointed, distinctly "denticulate,
subtruncate at base. Nos. 268, 269, and 276 of the collection.

4. Betulites Westii var. rotundatus.

PI. IV, Figs. 12-16.

Leaves small, 1.5"" to 3"" in diameter both ways, or sometimes slightly
broader than long, minutely denticulate. Nos. 246, 344, 351, 380, and 397
of the collection.

5. Betulites Westii var. oblongus.
PI. IV, Figs. 17-19.

Leaves small, of same size as in the preceding variety, oblong-ovate,
obtuse, subtruncate at base, denticulate. Nos. 281, 296, and 328 of the
collection.

' Prof. Lesquereux gave all the varieties of this species the feminine termination (subintegrifolia,
etc.), as if treating of Betula. I have taken the liberty to change this to the masciiline form- to agree
with Betulites.— F. H. K.

62 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

6. Betulites Westii var. in^equilaterai.is.
PI. V, Figs. 10-13.

Leaves very small, more enlarged on one side, oblong, rounded at apex,
distinctly denticulate. Nos. 355, 366, 391, and 403 of the collection.

7. Betulites Westii var. multineevis.
PI. IV, Pigs. 20-22.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate or deltoid, obtuse at apex ; truncate or broadly
cuneate at base ; secondaries eight to ten pairs, borders distinctly denticulate.
Nos. 273, 291, and 396 of the collection.

8. Betulites Westii var. cuneatus.
PI. V, Fig. 8.

Leaves rounded above, cuneiform at the base; secondaries at a more
acute angle of divergence (35°), borders denticulate. No. 318 of the col-
lection.

9. Betulites Westii var. reniformis.
PI. V, Fig. 5.

Leaves enlarged in the middle, round above, cordate at base, reniform;,
borders denticulate. No. 345 of the collection.

10. Betulites Westii var. rhomboidalis.
PI. V, Figs. 6, 7.

Leaves large, rhomboidal in outline, blunt-pointed, broadly cuneate to
the long petiole. Nos. 301 and 304 of the collection.

11. Betulites Westii var. quadratifolius.
PI. V, Fig. 9.

Leaf 4™ long, 4.5"" broad, truncate at base and apex, lateral borders
nearly parallel; secondaries, five pairs, subopposite, distant, teeth distant,
more shai-ply marked.

The specimen bears near the base of the petiole a bunch of small pedi-
celed seeds like those of a Carex. No. 246 of the collection.

12. Betulites Westii var. lanceolatus.
PI. V, Fig. 14.

Leaves lanceolate, pointed, rounded at base, denticulate : secondaries at
an angle of divergence of 30° to 40°, The lower slightly curved back in
traversing the blade; ramose.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 63

The nervation of this leaf is of course modified according to its shape,
but is not specifically distinct. No. 474 of the collection.

13. Betulites Westii var. ckassus.
PI. V, Figs. 15-17.

Leaves coriaceous, of various forms, round, obtuse or "deltoid, acute,
cuneate or truncate at base; nervation thick ; secondaries simple or i-amose;
borders distinctly, even sharply, denticulate.

Although these leaves, which have been obtained from another locality,
differ especially in form and could thus be referred to three different" species,
yet the analogy remarked between all those described as B. Westii shows
that they have in their characters such differences only as can be considered
varietal. The coriaceous substance of these three leaves and the thick
nervation might, however, be regarded as constituting specific differences.
Nos. N, K, B.

14. Betulites Westii var. populoides.

The form of the leaf is like that of a Populus, being truncate or sub-
cordate at base, much enlarged in the lower part, where it becomes rounded
and tapers rapidly to the apex. The nervation is that of Betulites Westii var.
suhintegrifoUus, but the lowest pair of secondaries is basilar, the others par-
allel, all running straight to the borders, which they enter craspedodrome,
being mostly simple, except the lowest pair. The leaf is an impression of
the upper surface and is somewhat obscure.

15. Betulites Westii, var. gkewiopsideus.
PI. LXIV, Fig. 10.

A fine, small round leaf with the nervation of Grewiopsis orhiculata
Sap.! The teeth of the border are somewhat longer and more distinct than
the leaf from Kansas. As the same character of nervation is observable
upon some of the leaves which I have referred to Betulites, and as the
petiole, which is rigid, 1.5"° long, bears at its base a short-pointed stipule
like that described in leaves of Betulites, the reference to this genus is
authorized.

Habitat : Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1205 of the collection of Mr.
R. D. Lacoe.

' Fl. Fobs. Suzanne, p. 411, PI. xi, Fig. 12,

g4 THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Betulites Snowii, sp. nov.
PI. V, Figs. 1-4.

Leaves larger, subcoriaceous, loug-petioled, rliomboidal-ovate in outline,
pointed at apex, broadly cuneate at base, deeply, sharply, unequally dentate ;
secondaries oblique, straight, or the lowest pairs sHghtly curved backward.

These beautiful leaves, still of the same type as those of the preceding
species, diifer really not only in their larger size and the greater length of
the petiole, but in the mode of the divisions of the borders, which are cut
into unequal, longer, more acute teeth, separated by deeper, half-round
sinuses. 'The petiole, as seen in PI. V, Fig. 1, is slender, 6*"" long, and the
leaf lO""" long and 7"" broad. In the specimens sent for examination by the
Museum of the University of Kansas a number of leaves of the same size,
form, and characters have been observed.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 593, 771, 346 and 290 of
the museum of the University of Kansas ; E. P. West, collector.

Bettjlites populifolius, sp. nov.
PI. VI, Figs. 1, 2.

Leaves large, coriaceous, long-petioled, cordate or ovate in outline,
pointed at apex, truncate at base and deflexed to the petiole, regularly
denticulate; secondaries deep and strong, parallel and equidistant, the
lowest pair opposite and ramose.

One of the leaves, which is 7"" long and as broad below the middle,
has a petiole 5.5™ long ; the otljer is small, rather ovate, inequilateral, but
appears identical, especially on account of the thickness of the secondaries.
But both are really of the same type and have the essential characters of
those described under the name of Betulites Westii. The appearance is,
however, far different. The texture is thicker, the nervation stronger, and
the border teeth are all equal and equidistant. By the divisions of the
borders the leaves are related to species of Grewiopsis, especially to G.
Haydenii Lesq.,^ and also to a peculiar form of Platanus Newherriana Heer.^
Fig. 2 is even like other forms of Betulites. Its shape as well as its nerv.a-
tion is remarkably similar to that of Betula vetusta Heer* of the Patoot Flora.

Habitat : Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 6 of the collection of the
museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington.

iCret. Fl., p. 97, PI. Ill, Figs. 2, 4 ; PI. xxiv, Fig. 3.
2F1. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, PI. Lix, Fig. 6.
»F1. Fos3. Arct., vol. 7, PI. LV, Figs. 7,7a.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 65

Bbtulitbs ritgostjs, sp. nov.
PI. VI, Figs. 3-5.

Leaves ovate, truncate at base, round-pointed at apex, denticulate on
the borders, rugose on the surface from the close, thick nervilles.

This form, which answers to the variety ohhngus of B. Westii, differs
from it in the distinctly more deeply denticulate borders and the coarse
surface of the leaves.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 69 and 69a of the museum
of the University of Kansas ; A. Wellington, collector.

Betulites denticulatus Heer.
Phyll. Cr6t. du N^br., p. 15, PI. iv, Figs. 5, 6.

Stipules op Betulites.
J. PI- V, Fig. 18.

Stipules of small size, formed by the enlarging base of the petiole,
rarely found attached to it, appearing, when separate, as minute leaflets cut
from the middle into two pointed, obliquely diverging, acute lobes, which
are cuneate at the truncate base.

As the fragments of the small organisms described above were discov-
ered at the same locality where the leaves of Betulites were most abundant,
I fancied that in their size and form they had some affinity to the trilobate,
obtuse bracts of flowers of Betula, admitting this as a kind of presumptive
evidence of the relation of the leaves to the Betulacese. Just now, and
when ready to deliver the manuscript to the printer, I have received, tlu-ough
the kindness of Prof.' F. H. Snow, a specimen of a fine leaf of Betulites with
the petiole entirely preserved, enlarging at its base into a stipule (PI. V,
Fig. 18) like those described above, which had all been found separate from
their support. In the form and mode of attachment to the enlarging base
of the petiole these appendages are indeed in their characters similar to the
stipules of the leaves of some species of Viburnum ; for instance, V. lantan-
oides Michx. This fact, in opposition to the reference I have proposed for
the vegetable remains described above, is on the other hand in harmony with
the opinion of the Marquis de Saporta, who writes that he is disposed to
refer to Viburnum a number of leaves of the same kind sent him by Prof.
F. H. Snow. As he says, he has figured and described the leaves for a new

MON XVII 5

(^(3 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUr.

work soon to be published, in which certainly the definite determination of
these plants and the affinities of their characters will be satisfactorily dis-
cussed.

Phyllites betul^foltus Lesq.

Cret. Fl., p. 112^ PI. xxviii, Figs. 4-7.

Order MYRICACE^.

Myrica aspeba, sp. nov.
PI. II, Fig 11.

Leaves coriaceous, linear-lanceolate, slightly falcate ; narrow, cuneiform
and entire at base, crenulate-dentate above ; median nerve thick ; second-
aries strong, curved in traversing the blade, simple or forking at the apex ;
surface rough.

Two specimens represent the species. The best preserved and largest
leaf figured is S.S*"" long, and 2"='" iDroad. The nervation appears mixed,
camptodrome and craspedodi'ome.

The species is related to M. thulensis Heer', two small fragments of
leaves with separate seeds doubtfully referred to the species and comparable
also to M. cretacea Heer from Quedlinburg. Its more marked affinity to
living plants is with M. cerifera L., allied ^ it is to it by form of leaves and
nervation.

Habitat: Pipe Creek, Cloud County, Kansas. No. 4094a of the col-
lection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Mybioa Schimperi, sp. nov.
PI. II, Fig. 12.

Leaves coriaceous, entire, linear-oblong, obtuse, gradually narrowed
to a short petiole and slightly de current at base ; median nerve strong,
percurrent ; secondaries thin, camptodi'ome.

The leaf, 8™ long with its petiole less than l"" long, is 17"" broad
above the middle and has a surface quite smooth and with the thin second-
aries curved upward, of varying length, all opposite, diverging 35° to 40°
from the median nerve. It has the same kind of nervation as M. emarginata,
described below, and might be referred to this species but for the obtuse

^ pi. Fobs. Arot., vol, 3, pt. 2, p. 107, PI. xxxi, Fig. 1.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 67

apex of the leaf. The secondaries are thin, opposite, and at the same rela-
tive distance.

Habitat: Four miles southwest of Brookville, Kansas. No. 4195 of
the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Myrica emaeginata Heer,
PI. XII, Fig. 1.

Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 66, PI. xli, Fig. 2 ; PI. XLVi, Fig. 12e.

Leaves oblong, quite entire, emarginate at apex, gradually narrowed
to the base ; secondaries thin, camptodrome, the lower pairs only opposite.

This leaf has the same characters as that represented by Heer (loc.
cit., Fig. 2), being only slightly larger and better preserved, the base only
being destroyed. It is 6""" long, a little more than 2"" broad in the upper
part, and with seven pairs of secondaries, curved in passing towards the
iDorders at ail angle of divergence of 40°. The texture is subcoriaceous.
Its close relation to M. Schimperi has been remarked above.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 672 of the museum of the
University of Kansas ; E. P. West, collector.

Mteica longa Hear.
PI. Ill, Figs. 1-6.

Proteoides longus Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 110, PI. xxxi. Figs. 4, 5 ; PI.
XXIX, Fig. 8b ; ibid., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 65, PI. XVili, Fig. 9b ; PI. XXIX, Figs. 15-17 ;
PI. XXXIII, Fig. 10 ; PI. XXI, Figs. 4b, d.

Leaves coriaceoiis, linear, attenuated to the base, obtuse at the apex,
entire ; secondaries very thin.

The characters are in accordance with the description and iigures of
Heer as above. The secondaries are obliquely curved in passing thi-ough
the blade and are extremely thin and difficult to perceive. Fig. 3 agrees
with that in Fl. Foss. Ai-ct., vol. 3, pt. 2, PL xxxi, Fig. 4, which has the
leaves linear, of the same width and somewhat curved, while Fig. 1, and
more especially Fig. 2, has the same characters as that in Fl. Foss. Arct.,
vol. 6, 2 Abth., PI. XXIX, Fig. 15, the leaves being a little more enlarged in
the middle and naiTOwed upward and downward in the same degree. Fig.
6 has the same form and size as Heer's Fig. 8b, PI. xxix (loc. cit).

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 701, 711, 714, and 718 of
the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West,

68 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

Myrica obliqua, sp. nov.i
PL XLIV, Fig, 16.

Leaf svibcoi'iaceons, smooth on the surface, entire, small, oblanceolate
or gradually narrowed from the obtuse apex and decvirring at base to a
short petiole; midiib broad; secondaries very oblique, camptodrome.

The leaf is 3.5°" long, 11""^ broad in the upper part, and is similar to
the small leaf of M. Studeri Heer, figured in Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 2, PI. lxx,
Fig. 21, as well in form and size as in nervation. It also i-esembles M.
bilinica Ett. (Foss. FL, Bilin, pt. 1, p. 43, PI. xiv, Fig. 3).

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1144 of the collection of
Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Myrica obtusa Lesq.
Oret. FL, p. 63, PL xxix, Fig. 10.

Myrica dakotensis Lpsq.
Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 35, PL iv, Fig. 9.

Myrica cretacea Lesq.
Hayden's Ann. Eept., 1874, p. 339, PL iii, Fig. 4.

Myrica stebnbbrgii Lesq.
Oret. and Tert. FL, p. 35.

Myrica? semina Lesq.
Oret. FL, p. 63, PL xxvii, Figs. 4, 4a.

Order JUGLANDE^.

JuGLANS ARCTiCA Heer.
PL XIX, Fig. 3 ; PL XXXIX, Fig. 5.

Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., voL 6, 2 Abth., p. 71, PL xl. Fig. 2 ; PL xli, Fig. 4c ; PL, xlii,
Figs. 1-3 ; PL XLXii, Fig. 3.

Leaves thickish, subcoriaceous, with rough surface, oblong-lanceolate,
tapering to the apex, rounded and narrowed to the short petiole, quite entire,

'This species was named "Myrica proxima, sp. nov.,'.' by Prof. Lesqnereus, but this species is
preoccupied by the Myrica proxima of Ettingshausen (Beitrag. z. Kennt. d. Foes. Fl. Neuseelands,
Denkschr. d. math, naturwissensch. cl. d. k. Akad., Wien, vol. 52, 1887, p. 159, PI. iv, Fig. 14). It
therefore becomes necessary to change it, and I have called it Myrica obliqua. — F. H. K.

DESCEIPTION OF SPECIES. 69

Inequilateral ; median nei've stont ; secondaries simple, camptodrome, curved
in passing toward the borders, which they follow in a simple series of
areoles ; nervilles thick, distant, simple or forking, and anastomosing in the
middle.

The leaves are about 11'^'° long and 3.5"" broad below the middle. The
nervation is strongly marked; the secondaries, of which there are from ten
to twelve pairs, curve from the median nerve and near their base still more
strongly than toward the borders, which they follow in a series of long
festoons.

Comparing this leaf to those in Heer's Fl. Foss. Ai-ct., vol. 6, 2 Abth.,
PL XLii, Figs. 1,2, the identity appears fully established. Two of the leaves
figured by Heer (loc. cit., PI. xli. Fig. 4c, and PI. xlii, Fig. 1), are inequi-
lateral or larger on one side than on the other, and the nervation, especially
in Figs. 1 and 2 of PI. xlii, is of the same character, although less dis-
tinctly marked than it is in the leaves from the Dakota Group. Heer
refers to this species a large, round nut (loc. cit., xlii. Fig. 3), evidently a
Juglans.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4104 of the
collection of Mr. R. D Lacoe. No. 859 of the museum of the University
of Kansas.

Juglans cbassipes Heer.
PI. XLIX, Figs. 1-3.

Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, p. 27, PL LXi, Fig. 4 ; PI. Lxv, Fig. 9.

Leaves large, membranous, elliptical-lanceolate, quite entire ; midrib
thick; secondaries distant, very thin and much curved, camptodrome.

The three leaves referred to the species of Heer agree witli the descrip-
tion and the figures given by the author (loc. cit.). Figs. 1 and 3 of our
plate agree, especially in the form of the leaves and the nervation, with
Heer's Fig. 4, PI. lxi, while Fig. 2 has the midrib and petiole quite as thick
as that of Heer's Fig. 9, PI. lxv. The Dakota Group leaves, especially the
two first mentioned, agree still more closely with the figure given of the
species in Heer (Fl. Von Moletein, p. 23, PI. vi. Fig. 3), which the author
compares to J. acuminata Al. Br., of the Miocene. They still more closely
resemble those of J. Ungeri Heer (Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, PI. clv. Fig. 18).
being larger than any of those of J. acuminata. The secondaries of this
species are thin, especially in comparison to the size of the midrib.

70 THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GliOUP.

. Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. Tlie three specimens here
figured are all numbered 2748 in the U. S. National Musevxm Catalogue.

JtTGLANDITES PRIMORDIALIS, Sp. nOV.

PI. XXXV, Fig. 15.

Leaves subcoriaceous, entire, oblong-lanceolate, apparently acute (point
broken), rounded in nai'rowing to the base, inequilateral; secondaries thin
l)ut distinct, nearly at right angles to the median nerve, parallel, campto-
drome, cm-ving at a distance from the borders and joined in bows by anas-
tomosing with each other or with intermediate tertiaries.

This leaf, which is about 8*"" long, is curved in the middle and is broader
on one side. It has no affinity to any species from the Cretaceous, but is
related to leaves from the Miocene, being especially similar to those of Jug-
Icms duhia Ludw., figured in Palaeontographica, vol. 8, p. 140, PI. lix. Figs.
1, 2, and to those of some varieties of J. acuminata Al. Br.

Habitat: Pipe Creek, Cloud County, Kansas. No. 4096b of the col-
lection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

JUGLANDITES ELLSWOKTHIANUS, Sp. DOV.

PI. XXXVII, Fig. 1.

Leaflets large, coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, rounded and slightly
unequal at base, penninea'ved; median nerve thick; secondaries oblique,
simple, arched near the borders and following them in simple areoles; ner-
villes at right angles, anastomosing with the thin tertiaries, intermediate
and parallel to the secondaries.

The genus Juglandites of Sternberg has been emended and admitted
by Saporta for the description of leaves or rather leaflets having a likeness
to those of Juglans by their form, the unequal base of the leaves, and the
nervation. These leaves, says the author, which are found abundantly at
Sezanne, generally have the borders slightly denticulate. The leaflet
described above and those of the following species have all the characters
of Juglandites, except that the borders are perfectly entire. This difierence
does not eliminate them from that generic division, for even the species
described by Saporta as Juglandites peramplus^ shows a leaflet larger but
similar in form and nervation to om- Fig. 1, PI. XXXVII, and is represented
with entire, somewhat undulate borders.

The specimen from Kansas bears the impression of a thick pinnule

' Fl. Foss. Suzanne, p. 418, PI. xiv, Fig. 7.

DESCRIPTION OP SPECIES. 71

with borders entire, slightly undulate, 11"" long from the base to near the
taper-pointed apex (destroyed), and 5°" broad below the middle. The
secondaries are strong, parallel, equidistant, diverging from the median
nerve at an angle of 50°, nearly straight to above the middle, then curving
in bows which follow quite near the borders, anastomosing in simple areoles.
The leaf is comparable also to species of Apocynophyllum and of Rhamnus,
especially B. Eridani of the Miocene of Europe, which, like Juglans, appears
first in the Cenomanian and becomes abundantly represented in the Upper
Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary.

Habitat: Ellsworth Coimty, Kansas. No. 782 of the collection of the
museum of the University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

JUGLANDITES SINUATUS, Sp. nOV.

PI. XXXV, Figs. 9-11.

Leaflets large, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, more or less rapidly nar-
rowed in rounding to the base, subfalcate, entire ; median nerve strong ;
secondaries close, camptodrome; nervilles thin, close, simple or forking at
the middle, oblique to the secondaries, sparingly branching.

The surface of these leaves is distinctly undulate, the lamina becoming
prominent or inflated between the lateral nerves. These emerging from the
median nerve at an angle of 50° to 60° run straight toward the borders,
where they abruptly curve quite near the margin, being mostly simple, but
traversed by thin, oblique nervilles. The leaves are 9"" to 12°" long or
more, none being preserved entire. As seen from the fragment (Fig. 11) the
apex is obtuse, but this fragment has the secondaries more distant, more
distinctly ramose, and although the nervilles are of the same character it
may represent another species. Fig. 9 seems, by its curve to one side, to be
a lateral leaflet of a compound leaf I have, however, from Mexico, speci-
mens of a species of Rhamnus as yet undetermined, whose leaves are very
similar in character to those described above, some of them being falcate, as
in Fig. 9.

Habitat: Pipe Creek, Cloud County, Kansas. No. 4086 of the col-
lection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Jtiglandites Laooei, sp. nov.
PI. XL VIII, Fig. 5.

Leaflets small, linear-oblong, rounded in narrowing to the base or short
petiole, obtuse and abruptly short acuminate; borders entire; midrib deep
and narrow ; secondaries numerous, curved, camptodrome.

72 THE FLORA OP THE DAKOTA GROUP.

There is only one leaflet, 5""" to 6°" long, 2""' broad between the parallel
borders, with thirteen pairs of secondaries joining- the midrib at a broad
angle of divergence of 60°, then running upward and following the borders
in simple festoons, parallel and equidistant.

Habitat: Kansas.

Order PLATANACEiE.

Platanus peim^va Lesq.
PI. VIII, Figs. 7-8b ; PI. X, Fig. 1.

Cret. Fl., p. 69, PI. vii. Fig. 2; PL xxvi, Fig. 2.

Leaves large, palmately trilobate, broadly rhomboidal in outline,
deeply, distantly dentate ; lateral lobes simple, short; nervation platanoidal,
tripalmate ; lateral primaries suprabasilar.

This species is now represented by a large number of specimens.
Among others a very large one is covered with fragments of four leaves,
one of which is represented on PI. X, Fig. 1, and another, on PI. VIII, Figs.
8-8b, smaller, but nearly entirely preserved with its petiole and a raceme
of flowers, which I consider as referable to this species. In all the leaves
examined, one of which, the largest, is IT""" long and more than 20"'" between
the extremities of the lobes, the lobes are more or less distinct, in none, how-
ever, less tlian in PI. VIII, Fig. 7, and always distinctly, distantly dentate.
In tliis last specimen the lobes and the teeth appear blunt ; but the border
of the leaf is somewhat eroded on account of the softness of the sandstone and
probably the teeth are rendered obtuse by obliteration. The base of the
leaves is also generally more prolonged downward, descending far below
the primary lateral nerves, or lower than observed formerly in the speci-
mens figured in my Cretaceous Flora. But this character is of no impor-
tance, as the same difi'erences are commonly remarked on the leaves of the
living P. occidentalis L., to which the fossil ones are remarkably similar in
form and size. Indeed, comparing the leaves of P. primceva of the Dakota
Group with those of P. Haydenii of the Laramie, those of P. GuiUelnm of
the Miocene, those of P. appendiculata of the auriferous gravel deposits of
the old Pliocene of California, and those of the living P. occidentalis, one
sees the original type so clearly and distinctly preserved that, overlooldng
the great differences of age, it would be difficult to separate these leaves
into ditferent species.

DESCEIPTION OF SPECIES. 73

The flowei" heads are small, deeply embedded in the stone, the diame-
ter of those exposed at the sui-face being only 6°"" to 7°"°, the rays short,
the nucleus 3°"" to 4"".

Habitat: From ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. Locally
found in abundance. The best specimens are Nos. 4001 and 4002 of the
collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Plat ANUS peim^vi Lesq, var. geandidentata.
PI. IX, Figs. 1, 2.

Leaves coriaceous, palmately trilobate, broadly cuneate and entire at
base, deeply, sharply dentate on the border; nervation trifid; lateral pri-
maries suprabasilar, parallel to the secondaries, branching; secondaries rigid,
mostly simple, passing straight to the point of the teeth.

The leaf (Fig. 1), like those of the following variety, is of medium size.
The lateral lobes are prolonged outside at the same degree of divergence as
the secondaries, 35° to 40°, and are lanceolate, acuminate, sharply dentate
on both sides. The nervilles at right angles to the nerves are strong, flexuous,
parallel, entire or forking, platanoidal in their divisions.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 744 and 869 of the collec-
tion of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Platanus peimjeva Lesq. var. subintegeifolia.
PI. IX, Figs. 3, 4.

Leaves coriaceous, round, oval or oblong, obtuse, short petioled, den-
tate all around except at the subcordate base ; primary nerve thick ; secon-
daries oblique, parallel, ramose ; nervilles very strong ; areolation of P/atoMMS
primceva.

The leaves of this variety are not lobate but merely dentate all around,
except at the base ; the teeth are short, turned outside, and are entered by
the ends of the secondaries and of their divisions and separated by flat or
shallow sinuses. The secondaries are much branched outside, the tertiary
divisions generally forking again near the border. The leaf (Fig. 4) is
smaller, oblong, apparently obtuse, the apex being destroyed. The secon-
daries are less ramose, the lowest pair only being divided on the lower side
in paralled curved tertiaries, the others merely forking near the borders.
The characters of these tAvo leaves, though their size and form differ, are
the same.

74 THE FLOKA OP THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 763 and 764 of the collec-
tion of the museum of the University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Platanus prim^va Lesq. var. integeifolia.
PI, XLIX, Fig. 4.

The leaf is very small, the borders quite entire and the secondaries are
of -the same character as those of P. piimceva Lesq.

It seems to be merely a young, not entirely developed, leaf of the same
species.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2730 of the U. S. National
i\Iuseum.

Platanus obtusiloba Lesq.
PI. X, Fig. 2.

Cret. PL, p. 69, PI. vii. Pigs. 3, 4.

Leaves small, palmately, iiTegularly trilobate; lobes short, obtuse;
borders imdulate ; primary iierves tlu-ee to five, palmate from above the basal
border of the long- petiole.

The leaf figured here agrees on the whole with the above short diag-
nosis of the species and is surely correctly refen-ed to it. It differs merely
in the apparent texture of the leaf, which, although polished on the surface,
seems rather membranous and not very thick. The lateral primary nerves
are not opposite, a difference winch is not of specific value, as in both
figures of the species (loc. cit, PI. vii. Figs. 3, 4) one of the leaves is nor-
mally nerved, while the other has four primary nerves diverging from the
same point and one of a lower degree placed far below, nearly as strong as
the primary ones. The borders are also less undulate and the secondaries
are rather camptodrome than craspedodrome, some of them forking quite
near the borders, the di^asions passing upward and running onto the borders
or along them.

The species is very rare and distinctly characterized. It has not before
been found in Kansas.

Habitat : Near Carneiro, Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 54 of the
collection of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Platanus Newberriana Heer.

Phyll. Cr6t. du N6br., p. 16, PI. ix. Fig. 3; Lesquereux, Cret. Fl., p. 72, PI. viii. Pigs.

2, 3; PI. IX, Fig. 3.

DBSOEIPTION OF SPECIES. 75

Platanus Heerii Lesq.

Gret. and Tert. Fl., p. 44, PL iii, Fig. 1 ; PI. vir,. Fig. 5 ; Cret. Fl., p. 70, PI. viii, Fig.

4; PI. IS, Figs. 1, 2.

Platanus diminutiva Lesq.
Cret. Fl., p. 73, PI. vm, Fig. 5.

Platanus cissoides, sp. nov.'
PI. LXI, Fig. 3.

Leaf of medium size, subcoriaceous, ovate, five lobate, rounded to the
base in narrowing to the petiole, blunt-pointed at apex ; primary nerves,
three, the lateral joined to the midrib far above the base of the leaf,
obliquely diverging and passing up to the point of the lobes ; secondaries,
two pairs, distant from the primaries, passing wp to the borders under the
same angle of divergence and parallel; tertiaries at right angles to the
midrib or oblique as branches of the secondaries ; areolation obsolete.

The leaf is somewhat like that of Platanus, though its appearance is
different, especially in its having few entire lobes. The angle of divergence
of the lateral primaries is 40°, and as they curve upward the lobes are in
the upper part of the leaves as well as the few secondaries, of which there
are only two pairs, and the leaf is more like that of a Cissus. It is, how-
ever, forcibly referable to Platanus, being closely allied to P. Heerii Lesq.,
as figured in Cret. FL, p. 70, PI. ix, Fig. 2, from which it differs essentially
by the blunt-pointed lobes, the few secondaries, and the narrow form of the
leaf.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2736 of the U. S. National
Museum.

LIQUIDAMB4.R INTEGRIPOLIUM Lesq.

Cret. Fl., p. 5G, PI. ii. Figs. 1, 3; PI. yxiv, Fig. 2. Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 45, PL xiv,

Fig. 3.

'Thi& species was describeil and figured in tlie manuscript undir the name of Phijlliti'S cissoides,
but in a list of Dakota Group plants purchased for the U. S. Geological Survey, and sent by Prof.
Lesqnereux only a few weeks before his death, this type specimen is labeled Platanus cissoides. He has
pointed out in the description that it is like Platanus and closely allied to P. Heerii Lesq., and it seems
more than probable that he iutended to change it to this genus and neglected actually to do so. I
have therefore ventured to transfer it from its somewhat unmeaning position under Phyllites to the
more definite position under Platanus.— F, H. K.

76 THE FLORA OP THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

Order URTICACEJE.

Tribe ARTOCARPEyE.

Subtribe FICB^.

FiCUS MACROPHTLLA, Sp. IIOV.
PL XI, Fig. 1.

Leaf very large and entire, coriaceous, polished on the surface, oblong-
lanceolate, moderately curved in narrowing to the petiole, apparently obtuse
(base and apex destroyed), penniuerved; median nerve very thick; second-
aries numerous, alternate, nearly at right angles, undulate, forking in the
middle or above, ciu-ving and anastomosing at a distance from the borders
in double or repeated bows, separated by tertiary, thinner nerves, the areas
being covered by large, square areoles formed by nervilles at right angles
to the nerves.

Though lacerated the leaf shows its size to be at least 30*"° in length,
10"" in width below the middle. The nervation as well as the large areoles
formed by the nervilles in joining the intermediate tertiary nerves at right
angles are deep and quite distinct. By its nervation, at least, the leaf is
comparable to that of F. rectinervis Ett.,^ which, however, is of a different
form. But it is has a greater degree of affinity to a living as yet undeter-
mined species, of which Prof von Ettingshausen has reproduced the
impression of a leaf,^ remarking that the plant is cultivated in the garden
of Schoenbruun, Vienna. The essential characters of both the fossil and
the living leaves ere the same, except that the fossil leaf is somewhat larger.

Habitat : Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 60 of the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Ficus GLAscoENA Lesq.
PL XIII, Figs. 1, 2.

Cret. aud Tert. FL, p. 48.

Leaves large, thick, coriaceoixs, polished on the surface, oblong-lanceo-
late, obtusely pointed, narrowed in a curve and declining to the petiole ;
median nerve very broad, secondaries thin, at a broad angle of divergence,

• Foas. Fl. Sagor, pt. 1, PI. vili, Fig. 17.
2F0SS. Fl. Bilin,pt. I, PI. xix, Fig. 4.

DESOEIPTIOF OF SPECIES. 77

scarcely curved iii passing to the borders, joining by aljrupt curves, or
without curving to it, a somewhat thick, marginal nerve.

The species is represented by many fragments of leaves, one of them
20""° long, 7.5""" broad below the middle. The nervation is of the type of
F. muUinervis Heer, or F. parasitica Schott, this last figured by self-impres-
sion in Foss. Fl. Bilin, pt. 1, PL xxiii. Fig. 1. Compared to fossil species of the
Cretaceous of Greenland, it is like F. jrrotogcea^, or F. atav'ma Heerl From
this last species it differs essentially by the large size of the very thick
leaves, is more rapidly narrowed to the base and the lateral nerves, some-
times forking above the middle, abruptly anastomosing with a thick, margi-
nal nerve, which follows close to the borders, even apparently forming the
borders and thus generally obsolete; for often this nerve appears as the
impression of the narrowly recurved margin. In the living species of Ficus
of this type, this marginal nerve is often scarcely perceivable, and thus is
very rarely observed in the fossil leaves. The angle of divergence of the
nerves is about 60°.

Habitat: Two and one-half miles south of Grlascoe, Kansas. Nos. 478
and 532a of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massa-
chusetts.

Pious peoteoedbs, sp. nov.
PI. XII, Fig. 2.

Leaves very long, coriaceous, entire, lanceolate, broadest in the lower
part, gradually narrowed upward and gradually tapering to an obtuse apex,
more rapidly naiTOwed toward the petiole; primary nerve strong, secon-
daries alternate, very thin, partly obsolete, curved in passing toward the
borders, camptodi'ome.

The leaf, by its form at least, is much like those of Ficus elongata
Hosius.^ It is, however, longer, especially differing by the much thinner
secondaries being far more curved, and by a petiole only half as long.
The leaf is nearly 22"" long, 3™ broad at its broadest part 6<"" above the
base, and with a petiole 2"'" long. The thin secondaries are a little more
open than in F. Berflioudi Lesq., more curved in traversing the blade and
shorter, or not ascending high along the border. It diilers also from
it by being enlarged nearer to the base, its borders rounding somewhat in

' Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 108, PI. xxx, Figs. 1-8.
^IjOc. cit., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 69, Pis. xi, xvii, xx, etc.
'Dicotyl. der westf. Kreideform., p. 98, PI. xiv, Fig. 15.

78 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

reaching the petiole, which are not decnrrent to it, and liy the obtuse apex.
Everything considered the leaf is much like Proteoides daphnogenoides Heer,
as figured in my Cret. FL, PI. xv, Fig. 1. The leaves of this species are
merely smaller, the median nerve much thinner and the secondaries totally
obsolete. The species has also a marked degree of relation to Ficus Fal-
conieri Heer,-' from the Miocene of England.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No 853 of the museum of the
University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Picus Berthotjdi, sp. nov.
PI. XII, Fig. 3.

Leaves long, lanceolate, tapering upward from the middle to an acute
point, gradually narrowed to the base; primary nerve thick in its lowest
part, becoming' narrow above the middle ; secondaries very oblique, distinct,
alternate, parallel, curved in traversing' the blade, following the borders in
long bows.

The leaf is 18™ long, 4""" broad in the middle, not of very thick sub-
stance, being subcoriaceous. The primary nerve is nmch enlarged from the
middle to near the base; the lower secondaries are more oblique, 35° of
divergence, slightly inclined downward in reaching the midrib, and follow
the borders in long curves, while the upper ones, a little more open, 40°
of divergence, cm-ve and anastomose along the borders in simple, osculat-
ing bows; the nervilles are very thin at right angles to the secondaries, and
mostly simple.

In form and type of nervation the leaf is related, like the preceding
one, to Fleas elonf/afa Hosius (loc. cit), from Avhich it essentially differs in
being largest in the middle and gradually narrowed upward and downward
in the same degree, the leaves of F. elongata being broadest above the base
and rounded in naiTowing ' to the petiole, which they reach in a curve and
not decurrently ; also by the secondaries being more approximate in the
upper part of the leaf, the lower more oblique, cur-^ang higher along the
borders ; and finally, by the thinner substance of the leaves.

This peculiar section of Ficus is represented in the Senonian Flora of
Westphalia by at least six species, and by two others in that of the Cenoma-
nian of Moletein, one of which, F. Mohliana Heer, is also closely related to
F. Desori Heer. It is therefore not surprising to find in the Dakota Group a

iFl. of Bovey-Tracy, Phil. Traus., vol. 152, pt. 2, p. 1060, PI. LXiii, Fig. la; PI. LXiv, Figs. 6, 7; PI,

Lxvi, Fig. 4.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 79

number of leaves I'eferable to the same tyjje wliich remains predomiuaut in
the Tertiary.

Bemark. — Ficus BertJioudi is not always enlarged in the middle but has
its leaves sometimes linear. In No. 463a of Sternberg-'s collection the leaf
is narrowed to the petiole which is curved and of the same size as F. pro-
teoides (PI. XII, Fig. 2), except that the leaf is linear above tlie basal part,
being S""" in diameter in the middle, and 2.5''" in the upper and lower parts.
The direction of the secondaries is the same as in Fig. 3, but they diverge
in the lower part, being more open in the upper.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 856 of the museum of the
University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Ficus crassipes Heer.
PI. XIII, Fig. 3.

Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth ., p. 70, PI. xvii. Fig. 9a; PI. xxiv, Figs. 1, 2 ; PI. xLii,
Fig. 2c : PI. xmi. Figs. 4-6; PI. xlvi. Fig. ]5.

Leaves coriaceous, broadly linear-lanceolate, tapering and decurrent
to the base, quite entire ; median nerve thick ; secondaries obsolete ; petiole
long and thick.

This species, represented by Heer (loc. cit.) by many leaves, which are
more or less well preserved but none entirely so, is easily recognized by
the basilar form of its leaves, which are gradually narrowed and narrowly
decurrent to a thick, median nerve, thus foiTuing- a thick or broad- winged
petiole. As yet I have seen only the specimen figured, showing a little
more than half a leaf, its lower part, of which the secondary nervation is
totally obsolete. The nervation and areolation as figured by Heer (loc. cit.,
PI. XLVI, Fig. 15), is in thin, iii-egular areoles, like those of F. atavlna Heer,
to which this species has great affinity, as well as by the form and size of
its leaves.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 100a of the collection of
the museum of the University of Kansas ; A. "Wellington, collector.

Ficus magnoli^folia Lesq.
PI. XVI, Fig. 4.

Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 47, PI. xvii, Figs. 5, 6.

The leaf is of the same character, only slightly smaller, as the type
specimens whicli were collected in Colorado at the base of the Rocky

80 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Moiiutains, where the older strata covering the primary rocks are nearly
vei'tically upheaved and their edges locally exposed to view. From west-
ern Kansas the Dakota Group is covered by Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary
strata ; its continuity is thus proved by the identity of the plants found
both in Colorado and Kansas.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 815 of the collection of the
museum of the University of Kansas.

Ficus BECKwrrmi Lesq.

Oret. and Tert. Fl., p. 46, PI. xvi. Fig. 5; PI. xvii, Figs. 3, 4.

FicuS Halliana Lesq.

Oret. FL, p. 68, PI. xxviil, Figs. 3-9.

Ficus primordialis Heer.
Phyll. Gv6t. du N6br., p. 16, PI. iii, Fig. 1 ; Lesquereux, Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 45.

Ficus ? angustata Lesq.
Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 47.

FlOUS DEFLEXA, Sp. nOV.

PL III, Fig. 13 ; PL XVI, Fig. 3.

Leaves small, very thick, coriaceous, entire, broadly oval, rounded at
the petiole and abruptly declined to it ; pointed at apex ; primary nerves
stout ; secondaries thick, camptodi'ome ; petiole gradually thickened to its
base.

The leaves are small, about 4"°' long, 3"" broad, with three to four
pairs of strong, parallel, opposite secondaries and a thin basilar one, all
much ctirved in passing to the borders and along them, following them in
areoles ; nervilles thick, at right angles to the nerves and generally forking
at the middle.

I do not know of any fossil species to which these leaves are strictly
comparable. But they are quite similar to those of F. hengalica (F. benf/a-
lensis Llj of which a leaf is reproduced by impression in Ettingshausen's
Flora of Bilin, PI. xxvi, Fig. 1. There is a difference only in the position
of the lowest pair of primaries, which in the living species are derived from
the top of the petiole with the lower pair of secondaries at a great distance
above, while in the fossil leaves the lowest pair of primaries are supra-bas-
ilar and parallel to the secondaries. Although this difference is marked,

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 81

the type of nervation is the same for these leaves, beinff that of the pal-
mately trinerved section of the genus. The petiole is 18°"" long, thick and
much enlarged at the base.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 812 and 821 of the collec-
tion of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Ficus PR^ouKSOK, sp. nov.
PI. XLIX, Fig. 5.

Leaves of medium size, long-petioled, enlarged at the middle, con-
stricted and taper-pointed above, narrowed to the base, entire; midrib
strong, preciu-rent; secondaries numerous, parallel, curved, camptodrome;
nervilles distant, simple or rarely branching at the middle.

There are two leaves of this species. The one figured is 7*"" long with
a petiole preserved which is I'"" long, 3.5™ broad at the enlarged part (the
middle), and has nine or ten pairs of secondaries at an angle of divergence
of 40°. The other leaf is smaller but of the same form ; its pedicel is
broader than the midrib, evidently long but also broken 1"'" below the base
of the leaf

The leaves resemble those of F. pulcherrima Sap. (Etudes, vol. 1, p.
86, PL VII, Fig. 2), being less inequilateral at the base, more abruptly con-
stricted below the less sharply pointed acumen. Saporta compares his plant
to some species of tropical Asia, especially F. tenax of Timor.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Specimen No. 223 of the col-
lection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Ficus Kbatjsiana Heer. •
PI. L, Fig. 5.

Leaves large, subcoriaceous, entire, lanceolate, gradually attenuate
upward from below the middle in passing to a blunt apex (destroyed) and
downward to a thin, short petiole; midrib compai-atively narrow ; secon-
daries thin, oblique, running straight from the midrib to near the borders,
where they abruptly curve, following them in long, flat bows.

The species is closely allied by some characters to F. Berthoudi, but
more distinctly by others to F. Krausiana Heer (Flora von Moletein, p. 15,
PI. V, Figs. 3-6). From F. Berthoudi it differs in the thick, coriaceous leaves,
apparently blunt at apex; the secondaiies straight from the base to near the
borders, separated by a simple intermediate tertiary. From F. Krausiana

MON XVII 6

g2 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

as fio-ured in the Flora of ]\Ioleteiu it merely differs by the large size of the
leaves and the narrow midrib, a difference not important enough to author-
ize the separation as a new species.

The leaves vary from 12"" to 22"'" in length, and from 3"" to 4.5"™ in
breadth, the petiole being 2.5"'" long; the secondaries, though deeply cut
into the' epidermis, are very thin, parallel from the base of the leaves,
diverging at an angle of 50°.

Habitat : Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 270,6 of the collection of the
U. S. National Museum.

PiCUS IN^QUALIS, Sp. UOV.

PI. XLIX, Figs. 6-8; PI. L, Fig, 3.

Leaves of the same type' as those of F. prcecursor and F. pidcherrima,
being very unequal-sided, ovate-lanceolate, gradually acuminate, narrowed
to a thick, short petiole. Midrib thin toward the apex, gradually broad
toward the base; secondaries at short distances, parallel, equidistant, camp-
todrome.

This species differs from F. pracwrsor in the leaves being more sharply
acuminate, the sides very unequal, and the petiole short and thick; the
secondaries are parallel, equidistant; their angle of divergence is the same,
but they do not ascend high along the borders, which they follow in close,
simple festoons. The nervation is comparable to that of F. Ji/nx Ung. (Fl.
von Sotzka, PI. xii, Fig. 3). The fcextm-e is as in F.prcRCursor. The secon-
daries, curved and camptodrome, do not ascend as high along the borders,
which they follow in simple areoles.

The leaf (PI. L, Fig. 3) is large, less unequal-sided, and has a straight,
sharply pointed acumen. It has some likeness to the leaves of F. mac/no-

licefolia.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2770 of the U. S. National

Museum collection.

Ficus Sternbeegii, sp. nov.
PI. L, Fig. 1.

Leaves lanceolate, sharply acuminate, entire, triple nerved; incurved,
lowest secondaries very long, the others shorter, arcuate.

This leaf is similar to that of F. Aglajce, described by Unger in his
Flora of Kumi iu Euboea, p. 29, PI. iv. Figs. 34-36. This is, however,
deprived of the petiole, and though this is the only apparent difference, it

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 83

can not be identified with that of the Miocene of Euboea. The nervation
is so peciiHar that the similarity is the more remarkable. The leaf does
not appear very thick or coriaceous, but is solid and the surface has no trace
of nervilles.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2809 of the U. S. National
Museum collection.

PiCUS MELANOPHYLLA, Sp. DOV.

PI. L, Fig. 2,

Leaves coriaceous, oblong, abraptly rounded at base in passing
obliquely towards the petiole and cm-ving down in reaching it, obtuse at
apex (broken), entire; secondaries numerous, parallel, oblique, generally
separated by parallel tertiaries cui-ving and joined in bows at a distance
from the borders, a camptodrome and dictyodrome nervation.

This finely preserved leaf is about 5"" long, 3.5"™ broad above its base,
and has a slender petiole 1.5"™ long, which is enlarged at its j)oint of attach-
ment. I do not find any leaf to which its form is comparable; but its well
defined nervation and areolation are those of many speci es of Ficus living
in our time. F. nitida Thunb., F. americana Dubl., F. lentiginosa Vahl of
Cuba, etc., are examples.

Habitat: Kansas.

Ficrrs MxjDGEi, sp. nov.
PI. XII, Fig. 4.

Leaves small, coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse at apex and at the base in
joining the strong petiole, entire ; nervation penninerved-camptodi-ome.

A small leaf, 5"" long, 3.5™ broad at the middle, the borders curving
at base to a strong, woody petiole 2*"" long. The primary nerve is thin,
enlarging only near the base. The secondaries consist of six pairs, which
are alternate, at an angle of divergence of 45°, all equidistant, parallel, thin,
curved near the borders, anastomosing in simple bows. The nervilles are
thin, at right angles to the secondaries, traversed by very thin tertiaries or
anastomosing at right angles.

The leaf has the appearance of a Rhamnus, and is comparable in form
and size to B. Aizoon Ung. (Flora von Sotzka, p. 49, PI. xxxi, Fig. 7). It
difi"ers, however, in the mode of attachment by a basilar cui-ve to a strong
petiole and also in the position of the lower secondaries, which are opposite
and quite near the base of the midrib. The essential characters of the fossil
species are recognized in Fkm sycomorus L., and in the impi-ession of a leaf

84 THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

of the cultivated F. cestrifoUa Scliott, iu Ettiugshausen's Bilin Flora (pt. 1,
PL XXIV, Fig. 3).

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 755 of the collection of the
museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

FiCUS ? tJNDULATA, Sp. nOV.

PI. XII, Fig. 5.

Leaves small, subcoriaceous, deltoid, obtuse, round, truncate at base,
deeply, regularly undulate ; median nerve thick, rigid ; secondaries thin,
close together, or alternating with shorter intermediate ones, somewhat
curved in the middle, camptodrome, nearly simple.

The fragment, the only one seen of this cliai'acter, is of a comparatively
small leaf, 5*^™ long, 4""" broad near the round truncate base, with thin sec-
ondaries parallel, at an angle of divergence of 40° to 45° from the midrib.
These are nearly 5°"" distant at their point of attachment to the midrib, but
generally separated by short, intermediate nerves of the same thickness as
in the leaves of F. atavina Heer, a common species of the Cretaceous of
Grreenland.

The same type of nervation is also observed in some of the leaves of
Populus Berggreni Heer,^ but this last species has the leaves attenuated to
the base and quite entire. Therefore the generic relation of this leaf
remains somewhat tmcertain.

Habitat : Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 599 of the museum of the
University of Kansas ; E. P. West, collector.

FiCUS ALIGEKA, Sp. UOV.

PI. X, Figs. 3-6.

Leaves subcoriaceous, quite entire, small, ovate or oval, obtuse or
obtusely acuminate, rounded, subtruncate or narrowed to the base ; petiole
short, alate, constricted at its point of union with the leaves ; nervation
pinnate; primary nerve strong, percurrent; secondaries oblique, parallel,
equidistant, camptodi-ome ; nervilles obsolete, their base appearing at right
angles to the secondaries.

The leaves vary from 2''°' to 5"™ in length and from 2*"" to 3*"° in width
at or below the middle; the secondaries, at an angle of 40° to 50°, number
from six to ten pairs, more or less closely placed, curve in traversing the
areas, and are mostly simple or with very few branches; the petiole, 1.5*"° to

• Fl. Fobs. Arct., toI. 6, 2 Abth., PI. xvii, Fig. 8a.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 85

2™ long, 3"" to 4""" broad, is alate, formed by the continuation of the median
nerve abruptly enlarged at the base of the leaves into a broad, flat lamina.

By the form and aspect of the leaves the species is related to Ficus
humelioides Ett. (Kreideflora v. Niederschoena, p. 251, PI. ii. Fig. 6), espe-
cially differing by the obtuse (not emarginate) apex of the leaves and by
the foliate petiole. Its affinity, as shown by the form of the leaves, is still
more marked with Ficus Muclgei Lesq.

Habitat: Pipe Creek, Cloud County, Kansas. No. 4072, etc., of the
collection of Mr. R D. Lacoe.

Ficus distort a Leoq.
Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 48 ; Hayden's Ann. Rept., 1874, p. 342, PI. v, Pig. 5.

Pious laurophylla Lesq.
Cret. and Tert. PL, p. 49, PL i. Figs. 12, 13 ; Hayden's Ann, Rept., 1873, p. 342, PL V,

Fig. 7.

Fruits of Ficus,
PL X, Figs. 7, 8,

Comparable to or rather much like two fruits of Ficus figured by Heer
(Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, PI. xxx), on which he remarks (p. 109) that
these fruits found with the leaves of F. protogmi Ett. show such a likeness
to fruits of Ficus that their determination can not be doubtful. The leaves
of F. j)rotog(Ba Ett. have not yet been observed in_ the Dakota Group, but
its flora has a large number of leaves of Ficus of the same type ; F. glas-
coena Lesq., for example, difi'ering merely from F. protog(Ba by the large
size and the more ovate fonn of the leaves.

Habitat : Four miles southwest of Brookville, Kansas. No. 4057 of
the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Ficus lanceolato -acuminata Ett^
PI, XIII, Fig. 4.

Foss. Flora v. Sagor, pt. 1, p. 182, PL vi, Figs. 3, 4.

Leaves coriaceous, polished, lanceolate, gradually acuminate, narrowed
to the short petiole, entire; median nerve strong; secondaries close, curved

' This species was liist described by Prof. Lesquereux under the na.vae of Laurus primigenia Ung.
var. cre/acea Lesq., iiud was transferred only a short time before his death. His note is as follows:
"PI. XIII, Fig. 4, which I have referred as Laitru-s primigeiiia cretacea, has the same furra, size of leaf,
and nervation as Ficus lanceolato-aouminata Ett. (Flora of Sagor, PI. vi, Figs. 3, t). See also Engel-
hard, Nova Acta, vol. 43, PI. xiv. Fig. 3 of F. lanceolata. Must be this, though the socoudaries are a
little more distant." The original description and compiirisons are retained as ho wrote theui. — F. H. K.

86 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

upon each other near the borders, generally separated by intermediate,
thinner tertiaries tending to tlie middle of the arches of the secondaries.

A number of the specimens of the Dakota Group represent leaves of
this kind, some, however, being shorter and narrower, but all nerved as in
the figure. But as the tertiaries or intermediate veins are generally obso-
lete, the secondaries appear sometimes more distant than they are observed
in leaves of the normal form.

I am unable to find a character or a diff'erence separating this species
from that figured and described as Laurus primigenia by Unger and other
authors, from the European Tertiary. The nervation is that of the leaves
in Unger's Flora v. Kumi, PI. viii. Figs. 1 and 4, where the distribution of
the secondaries is marked, while the intermediate tertiaries are obsolete,
and Fig. 7, where the secondaries appear very close like those of our figure,
from the interposition of somewhat shorter, less distinct tertiaries.

The species is cormnon in the Miocene of Greenland. Heer has figm'ed
it in Fl. Foss. Arct, vol. 6, Abth. 1, pt. 2, PI. in, Figs.8-13; also in Fl. Foss.
Ai-ct, vol. 7, p. 104, PL Lxxvii, Figs. 8-13; PI. lxxviii, Figs. 1-11; PI.
Lxxxv, Fig. 5 ; PI. CI, Figs. 2-4, from the Upper Cretaceous strata of
Atanekerdluk, Unartok, etc. Being thus so . abundantly found in the Ter-
tiary and Upper Cretaceous of Greenland, the presence of this species is
not strange or anomalous in the Cenomanian of the Dakota Group.

The leaves of this species, though of thicker texture than those of
Laurus plntonia, do not show the areolation as distinctly, and the seconda-
ries are not flexuous and curve nearer to the borders. The relation, how-
ever, with L. plutonia is very close.

Habitat: Pipe Creek, Cloud County, Kaunas. No. 4088 of the collec-
tion of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Aetocaepidium oeetaceum Ett.
PI. L, Fig. 7.
Kreidefl. v. Niedersch., p. 251, PI. II, Fig. 4.

Leaf petiolate, coriaceous, ovate, acuminate, entire or undulate ; nerva-
tion camptodrome; primary nerve strong, percun-ent; attenuate at apex;
secondaries, five or six on each side, emerging at an angle of 40° to 50°,
well marked, distant, the inferior proximate, the lowest supra-basilar,
shorter ; tertiary nerves or branches oblique.

This description agrees with that of the species by Ettingshausen in
Kreideflora von Niederschoena, p. 251, PI. ii, Fig. 4. The figure given by
the German author is of a mere fragment, the lower part of a leaf only.

DESCEIPTION OF SPECIES. 87

which does not show the true distribution of the secondaries. There is no
reason, however, for doubting- the reference of the leaf of the Dakota Grroup
to the species.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2759 of the U. S. National
Museum collection.

Order BALANOPHORE^.

WiLLIAMSONIA ELOCATA, sp. nov.
PI. II, Figs. 9, 9a.

Fragment of a cone or globose capitule, with deeply concave inside
part, bordered hj oppressed, oblong, lanceolate -scales, bearing bristles at
apex, witli base of a pedicel, th^ point of attachment of the capitule.

I refer this fragment to Williamsonia, especially from its likeness to
some figures given of the species by Nathorst,^ which, by means of cross
sections of the fruiting cones, exhibit this organism as a hollow, central
axis suiTOunded by imbricated scales, those of the borders or of the upper
part of the stem being short, imljricate, lanceolate, acute, those surround-
ing the hollow receptacle being longer and linear-lanceolate. The fragment
from Kansas, compared to the cone (loc. cit., PI. vii, Fig. 3) figured by
Nathorst, differs merely in having the scales shorter and tipped by hairs or
bristles. Although the specimen is too imperfect to oflPer positive points of
affinity, Saporta, to whom it has been communicated, considers it as referable
to the genus Williamsonia, though not exactly congener to the Williamsonia
of the Jurassic, yet of a similar type which may be nevf, allied to tlie
Spadici florce, and at the same time analogous to that of Williamsonia.

The following" is a translation of what that celebrated author writes in
his Jurassic Flora, vol. 4, liv. 37, p. 122 :

We have recently received from our friend, Leo Lesquereax, another fossil organ-
ism, or rather the hollow mold of that organism, discov^ered in the ferruginous
sandstone of the Dakota Group, therefore of the Oenomaniau. One perceives in the
specimeu, after molding the cavity in relief, a thick, short receptacle shaped like an
ovoidal, conical ball, mostly naked, and marked on its surface by scars of insertion,
regularly placed in spiral, of a mass of scales, closely contiguous, inserted at right
angles upon the receptacle and surrounded by a thick, spinous apophysis, subulate at
base, shorter and less protruding toward the apex of the organism. These scales,
which answer evidently to sexual elements, easily disengaged at maturity, are not
without analogy, either by themselves or by the structure of the receptacle upon
which they were implanted, with the corresponding parts of the floral spadices of

' Nagra anmiirkningar oin Williamsouia, Carruthers, Ofvers. k. Vet.-Akad. Fiirh., 1880, No, 9.

88 THE FLOKA OF THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

Williamsonia. If this analogy is real we would have here a sessile, naturally caducous
receptacle detached after the anthesis from an involucre of which it would have occu-
pied the center. But here, without better evidence, it is dififlcult to pass above simple
conjecture.

He advises the piiblicatiou of this fragment imcler a new generic name.
But indeed it -would be impossible to give generic characters from such a
fragment, and its relation to Williamsonia being recognized, it is advisable to
leave it in that genus until better specimens can afford light on the subject.

It is essentially from the presence of this organism in the Cretaceous
that Saporta objects to its reference to Williamsonia, which he considers as
a true Jurassic genus. But we have alread)^ a representative of another
genus, Encephalartos, which shows, by its presence in the Flora of the
Dakota Group, the same peculiar distribution as that of Williamsonia.
Moreover, to do this, considering the likeness of our fragment to the fine
specimen of W. cretacea Heer (Fl. Foss. Arct, vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 59, PI.
xn, Fig. 1 ; PI. XIII, Fig. 9), would force the elimination of this last species
from the genus. I am even disposed to recognize marked degrees of affinity
between the fragments figured from the Dakota Group and some of the
splendid figures given by the author of the Flore Jurassique, as for example
Figs. 1 and 3, PI. ccxl, the fu'st representing a convex tuberculose capitu-
lum like the one seen concave by impression in our Fig. 9 ; the second a
pedicellate capitulum like the pediceled base of our Fig. 9a. The same
analogy is remarked in comparing the fragments from Kansas with the
figures given by Nathorst (loc. cit., PI. vii, Figs 1 and 3), which show, by
Testoration, an open capitulum with its mode and point of attachment as
represented in Figs. 9, 9a.

Round or reniform in outline, 4.5"°' broad, 3*"° in vertical diameter,
narrowed at the base and borne upon a cylindi-ical scaly branch or pedicel
1"" in diameter. The scales upon the branches are short, triangular, about
l*"" long from their enlarged point of attachment. Those of the cone, of
which the internal structure only is seen, are closely imbricated, apparently
linear, flat, thickish, placed behind seeds or bearing pods which are falcate,
linear, 14'^°' long, 1.5""° in diameter, transversely undulate at the surface, as
in some small seeds.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. The specimen is still in the hands
of the Marquis Saporta.

DESCEIPTION OF SPECIES. 89

Order PROTEACEtE.
Tribe EMBOTHRIE^E.
LoMATiA Saportanea Lesq.

Hayden's Ann. Eept., 1874, p. 346; Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 51, PI. in, Fig. 8.
Todea ? Saportanea Lesq., Cret. Fl., p. 48, PI. xxix, Pigs. 1-4.

Correction to be made to the descrijDtion of this species as given in Cret.
and Tert. FL, p. 51 :

Leaves compound; leaflets opposite, more or less distant (not always
connate), sometimes narrowed to the base and sessile or decurrent by a sub-
base along the branches by a narrow margin. The rachis of thie pinnae is
roiind and comparatively narrow, abruptly cut at the base of the upper pair
of leaflets, or sometimes eidarged above them and terminating in a simple,
lanceolate, short, and narrow pinnule, which is thus terminal and has the
same character as the lateral ones. It is the same as that figured in Cret.
Fl., PL XXIX, Fig. 4.

LoMATiA Saportanea var. longifolia Lesq.
Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 52.

Tribe PERSOONIE^E.

Peksoonia Lesqtjereuxii, sp. nov.i
PI. XX, Figs. 10-12.

Leaves subcoriaceous, sessile or very short-pedicellate, obovate, obtuse
or subemarginate at apex, gradually attenuated to the base; secondaries
alternate, few, very thin, curved upward in traversing the blade at an acute
angle of divergence, camptodrome.

The leaves, S""" to 5*"" long, l.S*"" to 2.5'^'° broad in the upper part, are
narrowed to the base, slightly decuiTent in reaching the short petiole and
larger toward the rounded or subemarginate apex; the secondaries, three
or four pairs, are parallel, much curved upward in diverging from the me-
dian nerve at an angle of 25° to 30°.

'This species was named " Peraoonia Heerii, sp. nov.," by Prof. Lesquereux in liis manuscript, but
as this name is preoccupied by Persoonia Heerii of Pilar (Fl. Foss. Snsedana, 1883, p. 72, PI. xiii. Fig.
16), it becomes necessary to change the specific name. Inasmuch as he had deemed this species worthy
of bearing the name of the distinguished Heer, a compliment that the laws of nomenclature will not
in this case permit to be carried out, it seems especially desirable that the compliment be returned and
that it be named for himself. I have, therefore, changed the name to Persoonia Lesqiiereuxii. — F. H. K.

90 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

The species is related to Persoonia laur'ma Heer (Fl. Tert. Helv., vol.
2, p. 95, PI. xcvii, Figs. 25-28), represented as having very obtuse leaves,
rounded or slightly emarginate at apex and rapidly naiTowed downward to
near the base, continuing parallel to the median nerve before reaching it.
Heer's Fig. 28 (loc. cit.) shows distinctly the peculiarity of form and also
the same type of nervation.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 77c, 87, and 107 of the
museum of the University of Kansas; A. Wellington, collector.

Tribe PROTEE^E.
Peoteoides daphnogenoibes Heer.

Phyll. Cr^t. du N6br., p. 17, PI. iv, Figs. 9, 10; Lesquereux, Cret. Fl., p. 85, PI. xv,

Figs. 1, 2.

Pkoteoides greville^formis Heer.

Phyll. Cr^t. dn N6br., p. 17, PI. it, Fig. 11 ; Lesquereux, Cret. Fl., p. 86, PI. xxyiii,

Fig. 12.

Pkoteoides lancifolius Heer.
PI. XV, Fig. 5.; PI. L, Fig. 8. .

Kreideflora v. Quedlinburg, p. 12, PI. ni. Figs. 5, 6 ; Lesquereux, Cret. and Tert. FL,

p. 50.

Leaves narrowly lanceolate, naiTOwed toward the apex and base,
quite entire, blunt at apex. In Cret. and Tert. Fl. two specimens are de-
scribed of this species. One of the specimens figured here (PI. XV, Fig. 5)
is No. 63 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massa-
chusetts; the other, No. 76, is also in that museum.

There is nothing to add to Heer's description. The figure of the
species also fully agrees with those of Heer, differing only by the total ab-
sence of secondaries, none of which can be seen upon our specimen. The
leaf is coriaceous, narrowed at base and also gradually toward the apex,,
which is apparently blunt or somewhat obtuse, but is broken in the specimen.

It has the same facies, being widest at the middle, curved-falciform,
gradually narrowed to the base, 7"°' long, and 7"""' broad at the middle.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas; Fig. 8, PI. L, is No. 2778 (col-
lector's No. 260) of the U. S. National Museum.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 9l

Order LAURINEtE.

Tribe LITSEACE.^.

Latjrtjs pltjtonia Heer.

PI. XIII, Figs. 5, 6 ; PI. XXII, Fig. 6.

Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 75 ; PI. xix, Figs. Id, 2-4 ; PI. xx. Figs. 3a, 4-6 ; PI.
xxiY, Fig. 6b ; PI. xxviii. Figs. 10, 11 ; PI. XLii, Fig. 4b.

Leaves subcoriaceous, lanceolate, narrowed both ways in the same
degree, acuminate, entire ; primary nerve rather narrow ; secondaries nu-
merous, at an acute angle of divergence, arcuate, the intervals reticulate.

This is Heer's description with which the Kansas specimens agree as
well as with the figures of that author (loc. cit.). Many leaves of the same
character have been seen in the specimens examined ; but though they are
of the same form and size, the reticulation is rarely distinct. Even the two
leaves figured here are less distinctly reticulate than seen in the di-awing.
In Heer's figures also the reticulation is marked only upon one leaf (loc.
cit.. Fig. 6 of PI. xx), and even there it is still obscure, appearing in small,
polygonal areoles. Hence the identification of fragments of leaves of this
species is not always certain. The lateral nerves are generally more or less
undulate, especially in their upper part, not as distinctly curved near the
borders as in L. primigenia Ung-., of which the leaves are much alike and
from which they differ by the narrow median nerve, the less thick texture,
the surface not polished, and the basilar pair of secondaries at a more acute
angle of divergence.

The leaf, PI. XXII, Fig. 5, is doubtfully referred to this species.
The nervation is totally obsolete, as it is also in most of the figures of the
author, none of which has tlie upper part preserved. The form of the leaves
is identical.

Habitat : Kansas, Minnesota, etc. No. 4093, in many specimens of the
collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe. Fig. 6 is from a specimen communicated
by Prof N. H. Winchell, from Minnesota, and figured on PI. ii, Fig. [>, of
his Greological Report, as yet unpublished.

Laueus nebbascensis Lesq.

Cret. PI., p! 74, PI. x, Fig. 1 ; PI., xxviii. Fig. 14.

Persea nebrascensis Lesq., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, vol. 13, 1869, p. 431, PI. xxiii, Figs.
9,10.

92 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Latjrus prote^polia Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. PI., p. 52, PI. in, Figs. 9, 10 ; PI. xvi. Fig. 6. Hayden's Ann. Rept.,
1874, p. 342, PI. V, Figs. 1, 2.

Latjrtjs Holl^ Heer.
PI. XII, Fig. 8.

Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth. p. 76, PI. xxxiii. Fig. 13 ; PI. XLiv, Fig. 5b; PI. xlv.
Fig, 3 ; vol. 7, p. 30, PI. LXi, Fig. 3.

Leaves coriaceous, broadly lanceolate, entire ; primary nerve narrow ;
secondaries distant, at an acute angle of divergence, arcuate.

The leaf, which is about 12"" long, is nearly 4:"'° broad in the middle,
and narrowed in an outside curve to the base, declining to a short petiole
13°"" long. Of the leaves of this species Heer remarks that they are much
like those of L. plutonia and L. Oclini, but differ from the first by being
broader, with secondaries more distant, and that in L. Oclini the leaves are
broadest below the middle. The difference in the width of the leaves of
L. HoU(B and L. plutonia is still more marked in the American specimens in
comparing the Kansas leaf Avith those of PL XIII, Figs. 5 and 6. The
secondaries are a little more distinctly marked on the leaf from Kansas
than upon those from Grreenland. They are indeed very distant, but sep-
arated by very thin tertiaries, which are either totally obsolete or only
perceivable near the point of attachment to the median nerve, the angle of
divergence from the midrib being about 40°. The affinity of the Kansas
leaf with that of L. cretacea Ett. (Kreideflora von Niederschoena, PL ii,
Fig. 13) is distinct. This has the nervation better preserved than any of
those of L. RoU(B, showing strong, distant secondaries separated by thinner
ones. The only appreciable difference is in the width of the leaves.

Habitat : Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 865 of the collection of the
museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Laurus antecedens, sp. nov.
PI. XI, Fig. 3.

Leaf membranaceous, lanceolate, gradually tapering to the apex,
nan-owed to the base, not decurrent, somewhat curved to one side, entire,
irregularly imdulate; median nerve thick; secondaries obhque, cinwed,
parallel, but of unequal thickness and distance, camptodrome.

The leaf is ll"^" long, 2.5"" broad below the middle, slightly inequi-
lateral by the partial contraction of the borders on one side, and is not

DESCEIPTION OF SPECIES. 93

gi-adually narrowed to the petiole but somewhat roimded iu narrowing
to it. Its precise relation is not satisfactorily ascertained.

It is, indeed, comparable by its form to some varieties of L. primigenia
Ung., and especially to L.'Beussii Ett. (Flora v. Bilin, pt. 2, p. 5, PI. xxxi,
Figs. 5 and 11), having also, by its numerous intermediate tertiaries, a
marked relation to species of Salix and even to Deivalquea haldemiana Sap.
& Mar. (Marnes Heers. de Grelinden, PI. vii. Figs. 1, 2). I consider it,
however, as referable to a species of Laurus, comprising iu its characters
those of some varieties of L. primigenia Ung., resembling especially the
figure of this species in Saporta, Etudes, vol. 2, PI. vii, Fig. 7.

Habitat: Kansas. No. 4200 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Laurus angusta Heer
PI. XVI, Fig. 7.

Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 76, PI. xx, Figs, lb, 7; PI. XLiii, Fig. Ic; vol. 7, p.

30, PI. LVii, Fig. lb.

Leaves linear-lanceolate, tapering to the acuminate apex, entire; pri-
mary nerves narrow, secondaries arcuate, camptodrome.

Heer remarks on the leaves of this species that they are much like
those of L. plutonia, differing by the smaller size, the nearly linear form,
being narrower and more acute at the apex^ The fragment which I refer
to this species is of exactly the same size and form as that in Heer's PI.
XLIII, Fig. Ic. It is indeed part of a leaf quite as large as those which I
have figured of L. plutonia, PI. XIII, Figs. 5, 6. But it is more linear, the
secondaries are arched along the borders and are parallel, not flexuous,
more distinctly camptodrome. Other leaves figured by Heer are much
smaller, and some have the nervation better preserved, with the areolation
like that of L. plutonia.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 709 of the museum of the
University of Kansas ; E. P. West, collector.

Laukus (Cakpites) microcakpa, sp. nov.
PI. XVI, Fig. 8.

Seeds small, oblong, obtuse, attached to a short pedicel, narrowed at
base, enlarged above into a flat support of the seed, marked like it by five
points of corresponding vascular scars. .

This fruit is only half as large as that of L. macrocarpa, but it has the

94 THE FLORA OP THE DAKOTA GROUP.

undoubted cliaracters of a seed of the Launnecc, like those of Lauras, Cin-
namomum, Sassafras, etc. Its upper part, 5""" long- and 3.5""" broad,
rounded at apex, is supported iipon a short pedicel 2"'"' long, ^vhicll, enlarged
at its top, forms a support to the base of the fruit and is marked like it by
corresponding vascular scars. "The seed is easily separated from the embed-
ding matter and also from its support.

It is comparable to the seeds of G'mnamomnm jmlipiwrphuni. (Al. Braun)
Heer (Engelhardt in Nova Acta, vol. 43, PI. xiii. Fig. 1 1 ; PI. xvii, Figs. 7-11).

Habitat: Ellsworth Coimty, Kansas. No. 530 of the museum of the
University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

LAUKUS TELIFOEMIS, Sp. nOV.

PI. L, Fig. 9.

Leaf small, rigid, subcoriaceous, lanceolate-acuminate, decurring to a
thick, cm-ved petiole, entire; midi-ib narrow, rigid; secondaries thin, very
distinct, camptodrome, incumbent, quite near the border; the lowest pair
basilar, distant from the upper one at a more acute angle of divergence ; the
upper gradually less distant and more open ; areolation very small, puncti-
form.

This fine leaf is of thick texture, 6.5'='" long, including the thick curved
petiole, which is over 1.5"" long. It is only 12™"' broad at the middle,
whence it is rapidly narrowed to a sharply pointed apex and very gradually
tapers to the petiole, decurring to it at the base. It has eight pairs of sec-
ondaries, the lowest diverging from the base of the midrib at an angle of 20° ;
those above gradually less distant from each other under an angle of diver-
gence of 30°, the uppermost of 50°.

The secondaries are thin, but passing tlu'ough or cutting the epidennis
of the leaf; all simple, following the borders in festoons. The character of
the nervation is that of various species of Lain-us of the Tertiary, being
especially like that of L. dermatophjllon Weber (Ettingshausen in Flora v.
Bilin, pt. 2, p. 7, PI. xxxi, Fig. 8), L. superha Sap. (Etudes, vol. 2, PI. vii,
Fig. 4), L. resurgens Sap. (ibid., Fig. 9), etc.

Habitat; Kansas.

Laubus Knowltoni, sp. nov.
PI. L, Fig. 4.

Leaf large, linear, lanceolate, thick, coriaceous, with smooth surface;
midrib stout; secondaries irregular in distance, thick, divei-ging about 40°

DESCEIPTION OF SPECIES. 95

from the midrib, curving in passing toward the borders, camptodrome, not
conuiveut.

The fragment is 14°" long, 3.5°"" broad at the middle, in the broadest part,
equally but gradually narrowed upward and downward, joining the base of
the thick midi'ib in decurring to it, apparently pointed at apex.

Though the leaf has some likeness to those of F'lcus BertJwudi, it evi-
dently differs, especially by the great thickness of the secondaries, none of
them being basilar and all in irregular position; yet it is evidently referable
to Laurus, and comparable especially to L. nectandroides Ett. (Flora v. Bilin,
pt. 2, p. 6, PI. XXXI, Figs. 6, 7), the leaves of which are only smaller.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2713 of the collection of
the U. S. National Museum.

Laurus macrocarpa Lesq.
Cret. FL, p. 74, PI. X, Fig. 2 ; Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 46, 1868, p. 98.

Laurophyllum ellsworthianum Lesq.
PI. XIII, Fig. 7.

Quercus ellsworthiana ? Lesq., Cret. FL, p. 65, PI. vi. Fig. 7 ; Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 39.

Leaves subcoriaceous, with surface polished, lanceolate-pointed, rounded
and broadly cuneiform to the base ; borders entire, undulate ; median nerve
thick, percurrent; secondaries obUque, camptodrome, simple or forking.

This leaf, which is preserved entire, is lO.S""" long, 2.5"'" broad in the
middle, and has the secondaries, 13 or 14 pau-s, inequi distant though parallel,
either straight or slightly curved, at an angle of divergence of 40° to 50°,
forking at or above the middle. This character is peculiar and well marked
upon a fragment of a leaf figured in my Cret. Fl. as Q. ellsivorthiana Lesq.
But the general facies of the leaf as seen from the specimen figured here
is rather that of leaves of Laurineae. Its true relation is therefore still
uncertain.

Habitat: Pipe Creek, Cloud County, Kansas. No. 4096 of the collec-
tion of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

LlNBERA VENUSTA, Sp. nOV.

PL XVI, Figs. 1, 2.

Leaves rather small, thin, membranous, palmately triplinerved from
the base and trilobate from above the middle, rounded in narrowing to the
obtusely cuneate base ; borders entire ; lobes short, erect, the median a

96 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

little longer, all blunt or apiculate at apex, enlarged at the middle, narrowed
to the obtuse, narrow sinuses ; secondaries numerous, caraptodrome.

The leaves resemble those of Sassafras cretaceum Newb. They are
generally smaller, also more delicate in appearance and of thinner texture,
gcru ^Q 'jcm long, 4.5*"" broad in" the middle and between the apices of the
lobes, entire. The divergence of the lateral primaries from the median
nerve is scarcely 30^. In all their characters, form, size, texture, and nerva-
tion, these leaves closely resemble those of L. triloba Blume, of Japan.
The most marked difference is in the division of the primaries, which are
basilar in the fossil leaves, while they are generally supra-basilar in those
of L. triloba, the leaves of which also have the lobes acuminate ; but their
form as well as that of the nearly rounded sinuses is the same.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Found in numerous concretion-
ary specimens, mostly of small leaves. Nos. 656 and 657 of the museum
of the University of Kansas.

LiNDERA Masoni, sp. nov.
PL XVIII, Figs. 9, 10.

Leaves narrowly cuneate to the decurrent base, enlarged, flabelliform
above, palmately deeply trilobate; lobes entire, obovate, rounded and
apiculate at the apex, separated by very narrow, obtuse sinuses, palmately
trinerved from above the base ; primary nerves rigid, though narrow ; sec-
ondaries short, alternate, curved, camptodrome.

The leaves are rather membranous than coriaceous, though somewhat
thick, 7"" long, 5"™ to 6"" between the points of the lateral lobes, narrowed
by an inward curve and decurring to the petiole, which is slender and broken
below the base of the leaf ; the secondaries are short, mostly obsolete.

This leaf is very similar to those of the preceding species, dififei'ing by
its larger size, the long narrowed and decurring base, the supra-basilar
position of the lateral primaries and the scantiness of the scarcely distinct
secondaries. The textm-e of the leaf appears also more dense.

Habitat: Four miles southwest of Brookville, Kansas. No. 4135 and
counterpart of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

LiTSEA CEETACEA, Sp. nOV.

PI. XV, Fig. 2.

Leaf coriaceous, entire, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, gradually tapering
upward to a long acumen, more rapidly narrowed to the base and decurring

DESCEIPTION OF SPECIES. 97

to the petiole; triplinerved; lateral primary nerves supra basilar, emerging
at an acute angle of divergence, ascending close and parallel to the borders
and like the secondaries anastomosing in festoons and ascending- high up
along the borders; secondaries alternate, the lower one-sided from near the
primaries, the upper in four pairs, very distant, all connected by strong
nervilles at right angles to the median nerve.

The only leaf I have seen of this species is the one figui'ed. It is
13™ long, 3™ Inroad below the middle, the base and apex being broken.
The texture is thick, the median nerve strong, the lateral primaries and
secondaries thin, and all of the same thickness.

. Species comparable to L. expansa Sap. & Mar. (Revision Fl. de Grelin-
den, p. 68, PI. xi. Figs. 1, 2), and to L. elatinervis Sap. & Mar. (ibid., p. 70,
PI. XI, Fig. 4), and also, but in less degree of likeness, to L. lanrinoides
Hosius and v. d. Marck (Fl. Westfal. Ki-eide£, p. 65, PL xl. Fig. 157).

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4014 of the
collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

LiTSEA FALCIPOLIA, Sp. nov.

PI. XI, Fig. 5.

Leaves small, entire, coriaceous, lanceolate-acuminate, curved to one
side, granulose on the surface, triplinerved from above the base; median
nerve thin, lateral primaries very oblique, ascending high, nearly parallel to
the borders, simple and very thin; secondaries, two pans, far distant from
the primaries, all simple and parallel, the lower opposite, the upper one-sided.

This leaf resembles somewhat the one described as Cinnamomum Scheuch-
zeri Heer (Lesquereux, Cret. Fl., p. 83, PI. xxx. Fig. 2), differing, how-
ever, greatly by its falcate form and its very thin, simple nerves, not only
from the last species but from all those attributed to the genus Cinnamomum.
The nervation has more analogy to that of the li\-ing L. ffkmca Siebold of
Japan, though the affinity is not complete. But the leaves from the Dakota
Group rarely show a perfect accordance of characters with those of the
present time. It is especially the case with the Laiuinese, to which a num-
ber of leaves from the Dakota Group are referable, but whose generic rela-
tion remains as yet unsettled.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4205 of the
collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.
MON xyii 7

98 THE FLOE A OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Daphnophyllum ANGUsTiFOL,nj]vr, sp. nov.
PI. XXXVI, Fig. 8.

Leaves coriaceous, entire, long and narrowly lanceolate, gradually taper-
ing upAvard to a long, acuminate point, more rapidly downward to the thick
median nerve; secondaries at an acute angle of divergence, close, parallel,
equidistant, camptodrome.

The gemis Daphnophyllum has been admitted by Heer for the descrip-
tion of some leaves with camptodrome secondaries distributed somewhat
like those of species of Ficus and Laurus.

This leaf is referred to this genus on account of its great affinity in
form, size, and punctulate surface to leaves of some species of Laurus, being
especially similar to those of L. primigenia Ung., var. cretacea Lesq. (PI. XIII,
Fig. 4), and others of the Tertiary of Europe, while at the same time, by
the closeness of the simple camptodrome secondaries, it has a degree of
likeness to species of Ficus, as F. muUinervis Heer, of the Tertiary of Europe,
and F. atavina Heer, of the Cretaceous of Greenland. It is 12"" long, 2.5"'"
broad at the middle, long-acuminate, and tapering also to the base (broken
above the point of union to the petiole) ; the secondaries, very numerous,
3™" to 3.5"" distant, diverge at angle of 30° and curve slightly in passing
toward the borders, following them in successive simple bows. The surface
is rugose or punctulate, irregularly marked by small dots like the impres-
sion of basilar points of hairs.

The leaf is comparable to that of Ficus degener Ung., as figured in
Watelet (PI Foss. du Bassin de Paris, PI. xlii, Figs. 3-5). linger describes
liis species in Fl. von Sotzka, p. 165, PI. xiii. Figs. 1-7, as having the leaves
broadly lanceolate, obtuse, narrowed to a short, thick petiole, dentate, crenu-
late; primary nerve strong; secondaries indiscernible. As described by
Watelet, the leaves are linear-lanceolate, entire; the secondaries close,
numerous, camptodrome, and crossed at right angles by distant nervilles.
One of the leaves is punctulate and the areolation, or rather the secondary
nervation, is not distinct. Our leaf well agrees with this last description,
but certainly not with that of Unger, though Watelet sees no difference
between his leaves and those described by Unger.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 97 of the museum of the
University of Kansas ; A. Wellington, collector.

DESCRIPTION OP SPECIEb. 99

Daphnophyllum dakotense, sp. nov.
PI. LI, Figs. 1-4; PI. LII, Fig. 1.

Leaves entire, subcoriaceous, lanceolate, broader at the middle, grad-
ually tapering upward to a long acumen > more rapidly to the base or to a
short petiole; nervation camptodrome; midrib narrow ; lower secondaries
opposite, very oblique, curved in passing toward the borders, which they
follow in simple festoons.

The leaves, which are about 8°"" long, and nearly 2™ broad at the
middle, have only eight pairs of secondaries, distinctly marked upon all
the specimens except one. The lowest are opposite, passing toward the
borders at an angle of 30°. They have the same form and the same type
of nervation as the leaves of Daphne protogcBci Ett. (Flora von Bilin, pt. 2,
p. 13, PI. XXXIV, Figs. 1-3). The resemblance to this last figure is espe-
cially remarkable. No. 1153 is evidently the same species and has a similar
kind of nervation. Nos. 1160 and 1176 are variable forms of the same
species.

Habitat: Probably Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 1222a and 1224a
of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe. Fig. 1, PI. LI, is No. 2807; Fig. 2,
PI. LII, and Fig. 1, PI. LXIV are No. 2808 of the collection of the National
Museum.

Sassafras subintbgrifolium Lesq.
PL XIV, Fig 2.

Cret. Fl., p. 82, PI. il, Fig. 5.

Leaf subcoriaceous, ovate, acute, nan-owed to the petiole, short, ol)-
tusely lobed on one side, entire on the other, triplinerved from above the base
and at a distance from the secondaries, which are in three or four pairs,
alternate, parallel, camptodrome, at an acute angle of divergence ; nervilles
distinct, curved in the middle, at right angles to the midrib and the second-
aries.

The leaf is 6.5*"" long, 3..5''" broad, nan'owed and slightly decm'rent to
a slender petiole. The median nerve is narrow but ligid, quite distinctly
marked, as well as the secondaries. Comparing this leaf to the half lobate
ones of S. officinale L., the similarity of characters is easily observed. The
basil nerves are alternate; one of them, slightly stronger, emerges on one
side, forming a lobe and thus craspedodrome, while on the other side all
the nerves are camptodi'ome and the borders remain entire. With the mod-
ification of one of the primary nerves the nervation is of the same char-

IQO . THE FLOIiA OF THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

acter as that of S. cretaceum Newb., var. oUiisum Lesq., and var. acutilohum
Lesq. (Cret. FL, PL xiii, Fig. 1, and PI. xiv, Fig. 2). The only difference
between these fossil leaves of Sassafras and those of the living S. officinale
is, that in the fii'st the lower secondary nerves pass toward the sinuses
and curve at a short distance below the borders while in ^S*. officinale the
nerves reach the borders and there diverge on both sides, forming an
inflated margin at the base of the sinuses as in the leaves refeiTed to Lin-
dera (PI. XVI, Figs. 1, 2). The specimen described .above is far better
characterized than that figm'ed in Cret. Fl. (loc. cit).

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4020 of the
collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

SASSAJi'RAS ? PKIMOKDIALE, Sp. DOV.

PL XVI, Fig. 10.

Leaves of thin texture, palmately trilobate, narrowed to the base and
decurring to the petiole, lobes lanceolate, blunt-pointed, the lateral short,
half open, the median comparatively very long.

The small leaf, about 4.5"°* long, 3"" broad between the apices of the
lateral lobes, whose divergence from the median nerve is 60°, looks like a
dwarfed leaf of Sassafras by its borders narrowed, decurring to the base, and
joining the petiole at a distance from the point of union of the secondaries.
The latter are effaced in the lateral lobes; a few of them, observable in the
median one, are thin, curved in passing towards the borders, camptodrome.
The middle lobe is gradually narrowed upward, is at least three times as
■ long as the lateral ones, and is separated from them by obtuse sinuses.

Though the leaf is fragmentary, it is apparently related to S. acutilohum
Lesq. and S. Mudgei Lesq. (Cret. FL, PL xiv. Figs. 3, 4, and especially PL
XXX, Fig. 7). The relation is not very closely marked, there being a great
difference not merely in the size but in the substance of the leaves.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 525 of the museum of the
University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Sassafras Mudgei Lesq.
Cret. Fl., PL xiv, Figs. 3, 4; PL xxx, Fig. 7.

Sassapeas acutilobum Lesq.
Cret. FL, p. 79, PI. xiv, Figs, 1, 2 ; Cret, and Tert. FL, p. 56, PL v. Figs. 1-5.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. . 101

SASSAFEAS (ARALIOPSIS) DISSECTtIM LeSQ.'
PI. XIV, Fig. 1,
Oret. and Tert. PI., p. 57.

Leaves coriaceous, very large, flabeiliform, palmately five-lobed, nar-
rowed by an inward curve and decurring to the petiole ; lobes obtuse,
deeply undulate or obtusely dentate ; primary nerves trifid, supra-basilar ;
the lateral forking near their base, the divisions branched on both sides;
secondaries curving along the borders or entering the teeth; nervilles strong,
at right angles to the nerves, continuous, more generally simple, areolation
small, polygonal.

These leaves are very large, the one figured measuring 22"°' in length,
without the petiole, which is T""" long and 20"" to 24"°" between the apices
of the lateral lobes. They have a great degree of affinity to those of
S. (^AraUopsis) mirabile Lesq., and also of Platanus primoiva Lesq., differing
from both, however, by the subdivision of the lateral nerves, the five-lobate
form of the leaves, the obtuse teeth of the lobes, the nervation, etc. They
are like an intermediate link between those two genera, being more closely
related to Araliopsis than to Platanus, however.

Habitat: A number of leaves of the same character but somewhat
variable in size have been obtained by Charles H. Sternberg, 3 and 7 miles
south of Fort Harker, Kansas, at a locality remarkable for their abundance.
No. 117, etc., of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massa-
chusetts.

Sassafras (Araliopsis) cretaceitm Newb., var. aEossEDENTATUM Lesq. n. var,

PI. LI, Fig. 5.

This leaf differs in nothing from the normal form except by its large
size, with its borders deeply dentate. It is evident that the sharply acute
teeth constitute a variety indicated already by the short teeth sometimes
seen in the normal form of the species and can not be separated on that
account.

' Prof. Lesquereux wrote of this species shortly liefore his death, as follows : ' ' Sassafras (Araliopsis)
dissectum Lesq., is clearly like Aspidiophyllum trilobatum Lesq., hut positively differs by the lateral lobes
being entire, not lobate nor dentate, and the coarse (distinctly so) nervation and .areolacion in the part
of the surface of the leaves, generally very large, is smooth; in Aspbidiophyllum it is, per contra,
rugose, by the deeply marked areolation." — F. H. K.

102 . THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Sassafuas (Abaliopsis) papillosum, sp. nov.
PI. VI, Fig. 7.

Leaves large, palmately trilobate; lateral nerves diverging, somewhat
arched downward; borders acutely dentate all around, teetli entered In" the
secondaries and their branches, sharply pointed, papillose at apex; primar}-
nerves tln-ee, very thick ; secondaries obliqiie, parallel, more or less branching.

The fragment figured is the only part known of this beautiful leaf,
which measured at least 22™' between the extremities of the lateral lobes
and al)out 20"'" in length without the petiole. The teeth are not large, but
all about equal, turned outside, separated by shallow, half-round sinuses,
each beai-ing at the apex a round black pulverulent point like a small flat-
tened fleshy knot. The primary and secondary nerves are very thick; the
lateral lobes and the secondaries are at an angle of divergence of 40° to 45°
and the areas are traversed by strong, flexuous nervilles, simple or forking
and at right angles to the nerves.

Though the general aspect of the fragment is like that of a leaf of
Platanus, it has a more evident relation to *S'. (Araliopsis) mirabile Lesq.,
from which it differs merely by the enlarged lateral lobes, the acutely den-
tate borders and the papillose teeth. Like the preceding species this has a
marked degree of affinity to Platanus prinmva Lesq., and its varieties.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 19 of the museum of the
University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington.

Sassafras (Abaliopsis) cbetaceum Newb.

Later Ext. FL, p. 14, Illustr. Cret. and Tert. PI., PI. Vi, Figs. 1-4, fragment of leaves;
Lesquereux, Cret. Fl., p. 80, PI. xi, Figs. 1, 2 ; PI. xil. Fig. 2.

Sassafras (Abaliopsis) oretaceum Newb., var. obtusum Lesq.

Cret. Fl., p. 80, PI. xii. Fig. 3 ; PI. xiii. Fig. 1.

Sassafras (Araliopsis) mirabile Lesq.

Cret. Fl., p. 80, PI. xii, Fig. 1.

Platanus latiloba Newb., Later Ext. Fl., p. 23, Illustr., Cret. and Tert. PI., PI. ii, Fig. 4.

Sassafras (Araliopsis) recurvatum Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 57.

Platanus reourvata Lesq., Cret. Fl., p. 71, PI. x, Figs. 3-5.

DESCEIPTION OF SPECIES. 103

Sassafras (Aealiopsis) platanoides Lesq.
Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 58, PL vii, Fig. 1.

Tribe PERSEACE^E.

Peksea Schimperi, sp. nov.
PL XVI, Fig. 5.

Leaves coriaceous, oval-oblong, nan-owed and contracted above to a
bliint-pointed apex, narrowed in the same degree, but in an outside curve
and broadly cuneiform to the base ; primary nerve thick ; secondaries
inequidistant, the lowest thin, close to the borders, following them in anas-
tomosing with those above ; the others thick, all at an acute angle of 30°
camptodi-ome.

The leaf, of which the petiole is destroyed, is 12"" long and 6™ broad;
the secondaries, of which there are seven pairs, are variable in distance,
slightly curved in traversing the blade, following the borders at a distance,
anastomosing by branchlets in areoles ; the areolation is small pmactiform.

The form of the leaf is comparable to that of P. speciosa Heer,^ which
is a leaf somewhat larger, with the secondaries less distant and less grad-
ually curving along the borders. The character of nervation and areola-
tion is that of P. Braunii Heer,^ a type also recognized in the Lower Eocene
flora of Gelinden in P. ixdfEomorpha Sap. & Mar., and which of course it
is not surprising to find already represented in the Cenomanian of this con-
tinent, where so many original types of more recent plants make their
appearance.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 781 of the museum of the
University of Kansas ; E. P. West, collector.

Peesea Havana, sp. nov.
PL XVI, Fig. 6.

Leaf large, coriaceous, oval, contracted below the pointed apex, grad-
ually narrowed and decumng to the petiole; secondaries opposite, eqiii-
distant, parallel, anastomosing by nervilles into large, simple areoles.

The leaf is nearly of the same size and form as that of the preceding
species, from which it evidently differs by the still thicker texture, the pol-
ished surface, the longer, prolonged base joining the petiole by a declining

'Ettingshausen in Foss. FL, Bilin, pt.-2, p. 9, PI. xxxii, Fig. 16.
«F1. Tert. Helv., voU 2, p. 80, PI. Lxxxix, Figs. 9, HI.

104 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

curve, aud by the equidistant, parallel, opposite secondaries, the lowest pair
of which are supra-basilar. These differences are marked enough to author-
ize a separation of species.

By comparison with plants of our epoch the leaves of P. Schimperi
Lesq. show affinity of character with those of Laiirus canariensis Willd., var.
latifolia, while the leaves of P. Hayana Lesq. are more like those of var.
angustifoUa Lesq. of the same species.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 858 of the museiim of the
University of Kansas. Collected by E_ P. West.

Peesea Leconteana Lesq.
PL XI, Fig. 2.

Cret. FL, p. 75, PI. xxviii, Fig. 1.

Leaves large, oblong-ovate, lanceolate, pointed; borders entire ; nerva-
tion pimiate; lower secondaries at a more acute angle of divergence, the
others distant, curving quite near the borders and following them; ner-salles
thin.

The leaf figured in Cret. Fl. (loc. cit.) is more complete than this
fragment; but this shows the nervation more distinctly, especially the more
acute angle of divergence of the lower pair of secondaries. As the leaves
of P. Leconteana Lesq. and of Magnolia tenuifoUa Lesq. (Cret. FL, p. 92,
PI. XXI, Fig. 1) have nearly the same form and the same size, the fragment
here figured is valuable in showing the difference in the character of the
nervation.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 68 of the museum of the
University of Kansas; A. Wellington, collector.

Peesea Sternbeegii Lesq.
Cret. FL, p. 76, PL Vii, Fig. 1.

OrNNAMOMXJM ScHEUCHZEEi Heer.
PL XI, Pig. 4.

FL Tert. Helv., voL 2, p. 85, PL xci, Figs. 4-22 ; Lesquereux, Cret. FL, p. 83, PL xxx,

Figs. 2, 3.

Leaf coriaceous, entire, elliptical, blunt at apex, narrowed from the
middle downward, ti'iplinerved from near the base; median nerve thick;
lateral primaries nearl)' parallel to the liorders, branching outside; second-

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 105

aries one or two pairs, at an open angle of divergence, short, at a great
distance from the base of the lateral primaries.

Though the position of the lateral primary nerves at the base of the
leaves seems diiferent from what is observed in the common forms of this
species, the same anomaly is nevertheless seen in many of the leaves described
by authors, as in Uuger's Flora of Radoboj, PI. i, Figs. 6, 8, 9, etc.

These leaves have the same characters as those described in Cret. Fl.
(loc. cit.), and the remark made there is also applicable to this leaf.

Habitat: Seven miles northeast of Glascoe, Kansas. No. 428a of the
Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

CiNNAMOMXJM Heeri Lesq.
PI. XV, Fig. 1.

Cret. Fl., p. 84, PI. xxviii, Fig. 11; Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, vol. 13, p. 431, PI. xxin,
Fig. 12; Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 54.

Leaves thick, coriaceous, entire, ovate, taper pointed, rounded to a
short petiole ; lateral primary nerves supra-basilar, ascending in cur\ang to
above the middle of the leaves ; ramose outside.

The description of this species and the remarks upon its characters in
Cret. and Tert. Fl. (loc. cit.) are complete as far as the species is known at
the present time. But the figure giveii herewith has to be substituted for
that in the Cret. FL, PI. xxviii, Fig. 11, Avhich had been made from a
specimen deformed by handwork.

Habitat: Two and one-half miles from Glascoe, Kansas. No. 523 of
the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

CiNNAMOMUM ELLIPSOIDEUM Sap. & Mar.
PI. LI, Figs. 8, 9.

This species is described as follows by the authors (Revision de la
Flore Heersienne de Gelinden, p. 61, PI. ix, Figs. 7-9). " Leaves petiolate,
ovate-lanceolate, shortly obtusely attenuate, triplinerved ; lateral nerves
slightly supra-basilar, curved, with few outside branches and few secondaries
emerging from the midrib at a distance from the primaries, anastomosing in
the upper part with them; tertiary nerves transversely flexuous, passing to
a slightly marked areolation."

Except for the character of the areolation, copied from the description
of the above authors, the species is satisfactorily represented Ijy tAvo speci-

106 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

mensj now in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. Tlie character
most important to separate this species from some forms of C. polymor2ilmin
(Al. Br.) Heer and C. Selieuclizeri Heer, is the position of the primary lateral
nerves, which are quite near the base of the leaf. I have already described
two leaves of this kind in Cret. Fl., PI. xxx, Figs. 2 and 3, the first being
comparable to Fig. 8 of Saporta and Marion (loc. cit.), being still narrower,
with primarv lateral nerves at a greater distance from the base of the leaf,
not less than 8°"" (3°"" in the leaf of the French authors), and still narrowei",
the widest part in this last leaf being 18""" Avhile it is 25°"" in the leaf figured
in the Flora of Gelinden. The character of the two leaves figured here
agrees well with those of the leaves (Figs. 7 and 9) of Saporta and Marion as
Avell as that of the fragmentary leaf of the Cret. FL, PL xxx, Fig. 3. Even
in this one the primarr lateral nerves are really basilar, and tlnis it is
evident that, admitting the characters as specific, three of our leaves repre-
sent C. eUipsoidemn Sap. & Mar.

Admitting the identity of the leaves from Kansas with those from
France, or considering them all of the same species, the difi^erence mentioned
above has to be piit aside, and thus my remark on the leaves of Ciimamo-
mum referable to C. Sclieuchzeri Heer remains valid at least for Fig. 2 of
the Cret. Fl. Heer has recognized, in the Upper Cretaceous of Patoot, and
described^ C. dlipsoideum in a fragmentary leaf which he refers to the species
from the basilar position of the lateral primaries. It has the same character
as that of Fig. 8 of our plate.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, liansas. No. 2712 of the collection of
the U. S. National Museum.

ClKNAMOMTJM MABIONI, Sp. nOV.

PI. LI, Figs. 6, 7.

Leaves naiTOwly elliptical, shai-ply acute, rounded at base in naiTowing
to the petiole, entire, subcoriaceous; midrib narrow, lateral pi-imaries two
pairs, one from the base, ascending in following the borders to below the
middle of the leaf, the other supra-basilar, joining the midrib about 1""
above the lower, but parallel, ciu-ving at a distance from the borders, tending
to the apex but efikced and disappearing at a short distance below.

By their textiu'e, form, and nervation these two leaves are very much
alike, are of simple nervation, and appear referable to Cinnamommn. Their
texture, if not very thick, is solid and their surface smooth. I am, how-

' Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, p. 31, PI. LXl, Fig. 2.

DESCEIPTION OF SPECIES. 107

ever, unable to find a published fossil species of the genus with two pairs
of parallel simple lateral nerves at a distance from each other without
trace of secondaries. Some living species of Cinnamomum have, however,
the same character and present in the primary nervation of some of their
leaves a distribution of the primary nerves like that of the leaves fignired;
C. campliora and C. Zei/Ianicimi, for instance. These peculiar characters
are a variation of the normal form.

Leaves of Thibaudia liave parallel lateral nerves which ascend to the
apex, but they are differently disposed.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2695 of the collection of the
U. S. National Museum.

OlNNAMOMUM SEZANNENSE Watelet.

PI. XII, Figs. 6, 7.

Daphnogene sezannensis (Wat.) Sap. & Mar., PI. de Sezanne, p. 369, PL viii, Fig. 5
(fragment) ; Sap. & Mar., Veg. Marnes Heers. de Gelinden, p, 47, PI. vi. Figs. 5, 6;
Cinnamomum sesannense Sap. & Mar., Revis. FI. Gelinden, p. 60, PI. ix, Figs. 2-6.
Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 77, PI. xix. Fig. 8; PI. xxxm. Figs. 11, 12.
vol. 7, p. 30, PI. LXi, Fig. la.

Leaves subcoriaceous, narrowed to the petiole from an obtuse base,
lanceolate above, acute or narrowed into a long acumen,, entire, triple nerved;
lateral nerves supra-basilar, ascending parallel to the borders, short branched
on the outside, anastomosing above with the secondaries; nervilles numer-
ous, flexuous, transversely decurrent.

The above description is that of Saporta (Re^dsion of the Gelinden
Flora, loc. cit.). It is somewhat modified from that in Flore de Suzanne and
also from that in the first volume of the Flora of Gelinden. The leaves
which represent the species are mostly in fragments. Tliat in the Flora of
Suzanne, like our Fig. 6, has the upper and lower parts destroyed. It is
much narrower, apparently longer, the lateral secondaries being shorter,
less parallel to the borders than in our Fig. 7. Both figures of the Flora
of Gelinden are also fragmentary, fully agreeing in form, size, and nervation
with Fig. 6 of our plate; those of the Re^^sion are smaller, one only (Fig
6) being preserved entire. It is a small leaf with a prolonged acumen. The
figures given by Heer (Fl. Foss. Arct., loc. cit.) are also all of fragmentary
leaves, those of PL xxxiii. Fig. 11, and PI. lxi. Fig. la, being of better
preserved leaves, much narrower than those of the Dakota Group, with the
lateral nerves straight, resembling altogether tlie figure in the Flora of
Se'zanne. From a comparison of all the forms represented it appears that

108 THE FLORA OP THE DAKOTA GROUP.

both the leaves figui-ed here are essentially broader than any of those figured
by authors, Init not ditfering in a marked degree from the characters described
by Saporta. They merely represent a large form of the species.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 167 and 679 of the collec-
tion of the University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington and E. P.
West.

Oeeodaphne cretacea Lesq.

Cret. FL, p. 84, PI. xxx, Fig. 5; Cret. aud Tert. FL, p. 55.

Order MONIMIACE^.

Tribe ATHEROSPERME>E.

Laiieelia peim^va, sp. uov.
PI. XX, Fig. 8.

Leaf thick, coriaceous, with surface polished, rhomboidal, entire and
cuneiform from the middle downward, undulatel}' obtusely dentate above;
penninerved; primary nerve thick; secondaries mixed, camptodrome or
craspedodi-ome; intermediate tertiaries as long as the secondaries, diversely
forking and anastomosing obliquely or at right angles by nervilles.

The leaf, which is beautifully preserved, is 7.5™ long, 4.5''"' broad in
its widest part below the middle, and has a peculiar mixed nervation some-
what difficult to describe. The secondaries, at an angle of divergence of
40°, are mostly craspedodi-ome; but the upper ones evidently curve in bows
quite near the borders, where they anastomose with somewhat thinner
tertiaries, which, like the secondaries, and intermediate to them, either join
the borders or branch and anastomose in curves with the secondaries, which
are moreover coimected to them by short nervilles at right angles. The
secondaries are only sHghtly thicker than the tertiaries and their branches.
The borders are finely, deeply undulate or obtusely dentate up to the apex,
entire from below the middle to the base ; the petiole is broken.

The affinity of this leaf with the genus Laurelia is indicated in fossil
plants by L. recliviva Ung. (Sylloge, pt. 3, p. 71, PI. xxiv. Figs. 4-9), and
by a number of living species. Six leaves of the genus are represented by
self-impression in Ettingshausen's Neuholl., Char, der Eoc. Eu., Figs. 126,
131, 138-140, pp. 88-90. L. aromatica Poir. (L. sempervirens TuL), of Chili,
is in the form, size, and the thick texture of its leaves, as well as in the type
of nervation, remarkably similar to the fossil species.

DBSCEIPTION OF SPEdlES. 109

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 57 of the museum of the
University of Kansas ; A. Wellington, collector.

Order ARISTOLOCHIE^.

Aristolochites dentata Heer.

Phyll. Cret. du Nebr., p. 18, PL ii, Pigs. 1, 2 ; Lesquereux, Cret. Fl., p. 87. PI. xxx,

Fig. 6.

Apoctnophyllum soedidum, sp. nov.
PI. LXIV, Fig. 11.

Leaf subcoriaceous, lanceolate, equally narrowed upward, acuminately
and downward to the enlarged median nerve, which is gradually thinner
above and scarcely visible toward the apex; borders entire; secondaries
oblique, camptodrome.

The surface of the leaf is mostly covered with iron or yellowish crust,
and few of the secondaries are distinct ; they are at an acute angle of diver-
gence, camptodi'ome.

The leaf is comparable to those figured and described as A. lanceolatum
Ung., and is described by Weber in his Tertiarfl. Niederrh. Braunkohlen-
form., p. 74, PI. iv. Fig. 1.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1187 of the collection of
Mr. R D. Lacoe.

Order EBENACE^.

DiosPYEOs PEiM^vA Heer.
PI. XX, Figs. 1-3.

Phyll. Cret. du Nebr., p. 19, PI. i. Figs. 6, 7; Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 80, PI.
xviii. Fig. 1 ; vol. 7, p. 31, PI. LXi, Fig. 5a, b, c; Newberry, Later Ext. Fl., p. S,
Illustr. Cret. and Tert. PL, PL in. Fig. 8; Lesquereux, Cret. aud Tert. FL, p. 59.

Leaves of medium size, subcoriaceous, oblong, oval, entire, narrowed
or rounded downward, and declined to the petiole at the very base. The
median nerve is thick, secondaries parallel, equidistant, connected bv strong
nervilles at right angles, camptodrome, and following the borders in repeated
bows.

These leaves clearly represent Heer's species, especially as figured in
Phyll. Cret. du Ndbr., PI. i, Fig. 6. In the specimens ligured in Fl. Foss.

110 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Arct. (loc. cit.) the secondaries are sometimes separated ])y shorter, undulate
tertiaries which are not observable in those of Kansas. The leaves are
variable, according to age. Fig. 3 of our plate represents a. very young
one. The median nerve is strong and continues downward to a thick petiole
more than 2""" long, preserved in Fig. 2.

All the specimens figured and a number of others come from the same
locality. The species is locally abundant in the Cenomanian of the United
States, and Heer reports it from Greenland and also from Patoot, a some-
what higher stage of the Cretaceous, where it is found with Platanus affinis
Ijesq., P. Newberry ana Heer, Bex borealis Heer, Laurus plutonia Heer, etc. ;
all species also found in the Dakota Group.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 64, 65, and 72 of the museum
of the University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington.

DiOSPYBOS APICULATA, Sp. nOV.

PI. XIV, Fig. 3.

Leaf small, coriaceous, entire, elliptical, narrowed in the same degree
upward to an apiculate apex, downward to a short petiole; nervation thick
and deep, camptodrome.

The leaf has the characters of Biospyros primcBva Heer, as figured in
Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, PI. lxi. Fig. 5, but differs especially in its smaller size,
the apiculate point and the more distant, opposite secondaries. It is 3.5"""
long, including the short petiole, which is only 2°"" long, and is 17""" broad
in the middle.

The nervation is quite distinctly marked; the secondaries, of which
there are six pairs, are subopposite, while even the smallest leaf of D.prinKBva
has ten pairs of secondaries. The nervilles are strong, flexuous, divided
in the middle, anastomosing at right angles and thus forming large square
or polygonal areoles; the rigid median nerve is prolonged into a short,
apiculate point.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4016 of the
collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

DiosPYROS AMBiGUA Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 60.

D. anceps Lesq., Cret. Fl., p. 89, PI. Vi, Fig. 6.

DESGRIPTIOiSr OF SPECIES. HI

DiOSPYROS PSEUDOANCEPS Lesq.

PI. XXII, Fij?. 1.

Report of the Geological State Survey of Minnesota, by Prof. N. H. Winchell, unpub-
lished.

Leaf coi'iaceous, elliptical-oval, obtusely cuneiform to the base; borders
entire; median nerve strong; secondaries few, curved in traversing the
lamina; ner^^lles irregular in direction, except as the branches of the second-
aries, anastomosing in festoons along the borders.

The leaf, which is 4"" broad, is apparently 7 to S""" long, the upper part
being destroyed. Comparing it to D. ance^xs Heer (Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 3,
p. 12, PI. cii. Fig. 17), the affinity of the characters is really striking. In
the American specimen the base of the leaf is only slightly less rounded;
the lateral nerves are as irregular in distance; those of the lower pair
closely follow- the borders in a continuous series of bows formed by anasto-
mosis from a sup)erior nerve to a marginal inferior veinlet or to ujDper sec-
ondaries; the thin nervilles, variable in distance, are either at right angles
to the secondaries and obsolete or pass from the median nerve to join the
secondaries at a distance or in irregular or abnormal direction. As the leaf
is fragmentary the comparison of the characters of the nervation can not be
followed in the upper part; but as in Heer's Fig. 17, one sees near the line
of fracture of the leaf two pairs of opposite secondaries ascending and
curving towards the borders under the same angle of divergence.

Habitat: North side of the Big Cottonwood Eiver, near New Ulm,
Minnesota. No. 5372 of the collection of Prof N. H. Winchell, who allowed
the reproduction of this fine species here. A specimen more recently com-
municated, Ellsworth County, Kansas (No. 776 of the museum of tha
University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector), shows still more distinctly its
remarkable relation to D. anceps.

DiosPYROs Steenstrupi? Heer.
PI XVI, Fig. 9.

Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, p. 32, PI. lxiv, Fig. 1.

. Leaves elliptical-ovate, acute or constricted below the apex and acu-
minate, attenuated to the base, entire; secondaries curved in traversing the
blade, branching, camptodrome and areolate along the borders.

The species is represented by two fragmentary leaves upon the same
specimen. The leaves are about of the same size and form as those figured
by Heer (loc. cit.) from Patoot, The secondaries are either distant as in Fl.

112 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Foss. Arct. (loc. cit.) Fig. la, or less distant, more divided, and more strongly
impressed as in Fig. lb of the same plate. They are, however, figured tlun-
ner and more flexuous in Heer's species than in the leaves from Kansas, of
which the lower part is broken, but which are evidently narrowed and
cuneiform to the base. They are also comparable to Goppert's BJiammis
snbsiiiHafKS (Palaeontogr., vol. 2, 1852, PI. vi, Fig. Id), at least by the form
and nervation of the leaves; the borders, however, being entire, not sinuous,
and the secoiadanes more divided.

Habitat: Kansas. Nos. P and Q of the museum of the University of
Kajisas.

DiOSPTEOS ROTUNDIFOLIA Lesq.

PI. XVII, Figs. 8-11.

Cret, Fl., p. 89, PL xxx, Fig. 1.

Leaves of various size, subcoriaceons, entire, round or broadly oval,
obtuse, declining at the base to the petiole ; nervation camptodrome.

The leaves of this species, recently found in great numbers, are
extremely variable in size, from 1.5""' to 7"" long, and from l""' to 7''"' broad
in the middle. Some of the leaves are as broad as they are long; but the
greatest number are oval and much longer than broad.

The primary nerves are rigid; the secondaries, six to seven pairs,
■ oblique, at a broad angle of divergence of 50° to 60°, arched in traversing
the blade and simply areolate along the borders by anastomosing curves,
mostly simple or branching near the borders. Though the surface of the
leaves is quite smooth and the nerves very distinct, the ultimate areolation
is not discernible; in these specimens the areas only are seen traversed by
thin, simple nervilles, slightly oblique to the secondaries. The details of
areolation have been observed and figured upon the fragment in Cret. Fl.
(loc. cit.) Fig. 1, which appears to be referable to the same species, though
the leaf is a little larger and quite round.

Besides the affinities of these leaves as indicated in the Cret. Fl, they
■•.an also be compared to species of Populus, especially to P. hjperhorea and
''. Stygia HeCr, described above; also to the living Coccoloha imndata, of
vhich a leaf is represented by impression in Ettingshausen's Bilin Flora,
pt. 1, PI. XXIV, Fig. 1; and Coccoloha floridana Meisner, the leaves of which,
like those of the Dakota Group, are very variable in form and size.

Habitat: Kansas. Abundantly found in nodules of Ellsworth County.
Nos. 402, 436, 570, 572, etc., of the museum of the University of Kansas.
Collected by E. P. West.

DESCEIPTION OF SPECIES. 113

DiOSPYROS 1 CELASTKOIDES, Sp. IIOV.

PI, XX, Fig. 7.

Leaves large, subcoviaceous, obloug-lauceolate, narrowed to a thick,
short, inflated petiole and decurring to it at the base; borders quite entire;
median nerve thick; secondaries numerous, oblique, thin, flexuous, with
short, oblique branches on the under side, forking near the borders ; nerva-
vation dictyodrome.

The fragment figured, which consists of the lower half of a leaf 7""
long and 4*"" broad below the middle, is somewhat inequilateral, being 2"" on
one side and 1.5"" on the other, thus resembling by its outline Sapindus Mor-
risoni Lesq. (Cret. and Tert. FL, PI. xvi. Figs. 1, 2), whose nervation is of
a far different type. The secondaries, at an angle of divergence of 40*^,
are thin in comparison to the thick median nerve, flexuous, emitting on the
lower side short oblique branches, without connection between themselves
or with upper or lower secondaries, but entering the borders by some of
their ultimate divisions.

The same type of nervation is exhibited by some species of Celasti-inse,
as Celastrophylliim helgicum Sap. & Mar.,^ C. Benedeni Sap. & Mar.,^ two
species with dentate leaves ; but also and more distinctly by Dospyros pal-
(Eogma Ett.,^ a leaf larger than that from Kansas but of the same form, and
D. primcBva Heer, as figured in Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., PI. xviii. Fig.
11. The petiole, as seen in Fig. 7, is short, 1.5*"" long, inflated at the base.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 83 of the collection of the
museum of the University of Kansas; A. Wellington, collector.

Order SAPOTACEJE.
Tribe BUMELIE^E.

BUMELIA? RHOMBOIDEA, sp. noV.

PI. LI, Fig. 10.

Leaf rhomboidal in outline, entire, narrowed from the middle down-
ward to a short petiole, upward in the same degree to an obtuse apex; ner-
vation pinnate; secondaries oblique, camptodrome.

The leaf is small, 4™ long, and 2"'" broad in the middle; the seconda-
ries obscure, of three pairs only, opposite, parallel, equidistant, observed

» Flore do Gelinden, R(5vis., PI. xui, Fig. 4. - Ibid., PI. xiv, Fig. 2.

' Flora V. Bilin, pt.2, p. 45, PI. xxxviii, Fig. 32.
MON XVII 8

1 14 THE FLOKA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

ill the lower part of the leaf. Tliey are scarcely 5"™ distant and run straight
toward the borders at an angle of divergence of 45° from the midrib.

By form and size, and also by the secondary nervation, as far as can
be observed, this leaf is comparable to B. Oreadiim Ung., as figured in 0.
Weber, Tertiai-fi. Niederrh. Braunkohlenform., PI. iv, Fig. 4b.
Habitat: Kansas.

Sapotacites, sp.?
PI. LXV, Fig. 3.

Fragment of a membranous oval or elliptical leaf, romid emarginate
at apex, gradually narrowed toward the base (destroyed); midrib narrow;
secondaries curved in passing toward the borders, at a very acute angle of
divergence, parallel.

The exact form of the leaf is not ascertainable; the areolation also is
obscm-e; the divergence of the secondaries, of which there are four to five
pairs, is only 25° to 30°.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1189 of the collection of
Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Order MYRSINE^.

Tribe EUMYRSINEyE.

Myrsine crassa, sp. nov.
PI. LII, Figs. 2, 3.

Leaves coriaceous, thickish, lanceolate, rounded in narrowing to the
base, entire, perminerved; mickib narrow; secondaries thin, niimerous,
oblique, parallel, or cm-ved and branching in or above the middle, mixed,
camptodrome; areolation very compact, irregular.

The areolation of these leaves, though copied as exactly as possible, is
not distinct. It is comparable to that of some species of Myrsine, as M.
melanophlea R. Br.^ or M. Urvillei DC.,^ and to M. horealis Heer,^ which
represents a leaf much smaller, with an areolation less compact than that
of the leaves from Kansas. A number of fragments are figured by Heer
(loc. cit.), but all are smaller and more different in appearance from those
from Kansas. One is 9"=" long, 3.5"" to 4"'" broad at the middle; the other,

' Ettingshausen, Blatt-Skelete der Dikotyledonen, p. 85, Fig. 51.

2Ett., ibid., p. 84, PI. xxxi. Fig. 4.

3F1. Fobs. Arct., vol, 6, 2 Abth., p. 81, PI. xxiv, Fig. 7b.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 115

which is narrowly lanceolate, is 5"'" long, 1™ broad, and has the secondaries
a little more oblique, and altogether the nervation is less distinct and more
mixed. Though closely allied, the leaves from Kansas differ in form as
well as in size, as they are evidently ovate-lanceolate. The smaller of the
leaves has the secondaries less distant, while those of Fig. 3 have them less
regular and modified by ramification at the middle. The angle of diver-
gence of the secondaries is about the same.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2777 of the U. S. National
Museum collection.

Mtesinites? Gaudini Lesq.
PI. LII, Fig. 4.

Leat subcoriaceous, with polished surface, entire, oblanceolate or
obovate-elongated, gradually enlarged from the base upward, obtuse, short
petioled; midrib narrow; secondaries oblique, curved, camptodrome, and
incumbent along the borders.

A small leaf, 5.5°'" long, 2.5"" broad in the upper part; it has eight pairs
of secondaries at an angle of divergence of 40°. The leaf is comparable
to Myrsine grandis Ung.,^ by the form of the leaf and the character of the
nervation. The midrib, however, is narrower in the leaf from Kansas, which
has the petiole destroyed.

Habitat: Kansas.

Order ERICACE^.

Tribe ANDROMEDE^E,

Andeomeda Paelatorii Heer.
PI. XIX, Fig. 1; PI. LII, Fig. 6.

Phyll. Cret. du Nebr., p. IS, PI. i. Fig. .5; Fl. Foss. Arct,, vol. 3, No. 2, p. 112, PL xxxii,
Figs. 1, 2; vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 79, PI. xxi, Figs, lb, 11 ; PI. XLii, Pig. 4c; Lesque-
reux, Cret. Fl., p. 88, PI. xxiii, Figs. 6, 7; PI. xxviii. Fig. 15.

The leaf shown in Fig. 1 is larger than any of those figured by Heer ;
but it has the same characters as those represented in Fl. Foss. Arct., vol.
3, PI. XXXII, Figs. 1, 2. It is introduced here on account of the superposi-
tion upon its base of an undeterminable small fragment of a leaf, apparently
referable to Myrica.

' Flora von Kumi, PI. xi, Fig. 37,

1 16 THE FLORA OF TEE DAKOTA GROUP.

The other leaf of A . Parlatoni Heer has the same character as that
figured in Cret. FL, PI. xxiii, Fig. 7, a peculiar form which Heer recognized
as referable to this species which is really very variable. It differs from the
more common form by the more obtuse apex aud the large size of the leaf
at the middle.

Habitat: Kansas. Common.

Andkomeda Pablatobii Heer, var. LONGIFOLIA, n. var.
PI. LXIV, Pig. 19.

May be a different species. The leaves are much longer, 10""' to 14"°'
long, 2"° to S"" Inroad, lanceolate, long acuminate. The texture is thick,
coriaceous ; the nervation the same as in the normal form of A. Parlatorii,
as I have figured it in my Cret. Fl. (loc. cit.). There are numerous speci-
mens, some of them c)f the normal size.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 662 of the collection of Mr
R. D. Lacoe.

Andeomeda tenuinervis, sp. uov.'
PL XXXVIII, Fig. 7.

It has the short, enlarged petiole of A. Parlatorii, but the secondaries
are very thin, scarcely visible, parallel, equidistant, immersed in the thick
parenchyma; leaf thick, coriaceous, covered with a parasite, probably a new
species of Placidium.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1177 of the collection of Mr.
R D. Lacoe.

Andeomeda Ppafpiana Heer.
PI. XVIII, Figs. 7, 8 ; PI. LII, Fig. 7.

Heer, PI. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 79, PI. xxv, Fig. 6; PI. xxxviii, Figs. 5-7;

PI. XLiv, Fig. 12.

Leaves membranous or subcoriaceous, linear-lanceolate, gradually nar-
rowed to the petiole, tapering upward to a long acumen, entire; median
nerve naiTOw, little enlarged near the base; secondaries very thin, partly
obsolete, more or less distant, parallel and generally opposite, curved up
towards the borders and turned down in reaching the median nerve.

The leaves appear very long", at least in comparison to their width,
none of them being entire. The best preserved one is 14.5"" long and 2"'°

' This species was first referred to A, Parlatorii, but was later regarded as a new species. — F. H. K.

DESCSIPTIOH OP SPECIES. 117

broad at the middle; the lateral nerves join the median nerve at an acute
angle of 20° to 25°.

The identification of the two leaves figm-ed here with Heer's species is
conclusive, although none of the figures given by Heer are complete, all
]-epresenting leaves broken at the middle. The nervation, form, and size
of the leaves as given by Heer (loc. cit., PL xxxvm, Fig. 5), is exactly
similar to that of our leaves. Heer describes the leaves as linear, but their
facies could not be judged from the fragments which he had for examina-
tion.

This is the finest and best preserved specimen of A. Pfaffiana Heer which
I have seen as yet. It has all the characters of the species as described.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. Nos. 4201 and 4202
of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Andromeda Snowh, sp. nov.
PI. XVII, Fig. 16.

Leaves small, coriaceous, entire, regularly lanceolate, broader at the
middle, tapering upward at the acute apex and in the same degree down-
ward to the base; primary nerve stout; secondaries parallel, equidistant,
olilique, 45° of divergence, camptodrome.

The leaf, which is 4.5"" long and 1.5"" broad at the middle, is allied in
form to A. protogma Uug-., a species commonly represented in the Miocene
of Europe; but it is still more intimately related to A affinis Lesq.,^ a species
also known by a single leaf, which differs by its punctulate areolation, and
the narrower, longer, acuminate form. In A. Snoivii the secondaries, though
thicker from the middle of the base, as in A. affinis, ascend higher, curve in
more distinct bows, forming by anastomosis a double series of festooning-
areoles. The apex of the leaf is not acuminate, but rather blunt-pointed,
and the lower pair of secondaries are close to the borders and follow them
at a more acute angle of divergeiice than that of the others above it.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 495 of the museum of the
University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Andromeda cretacea, sp. nov.
PI. XVII, Figs. 17, 18; PI. XXIV, Fig. 5.

Leaf small, membranous, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, tapering to
the base, entire; median nerve straig-ht; secondaries, nearly equidistant

'Cret. aud Tert. F]., p. 60, PI. il, Fig. 5.

118 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

and parallel, much curved iu coming near the borders, Avhich they follow in
simple arches; intervals reticulate by thin nervilles.

The specimens are mere fragments of leaves Avith the apex destroyed.
The form of the leaves and the nervation refer them evidently to some
species of Ericace;^, being especially in close relation to A. vaccinifolia Ung.,'
for the size and form of the leaf (Fig. 5), and to A. protofjaa Ung., as figured
(loc. cit, PI. CI, Fig. 26d). The affinity to this last species, even by the
form of the leaf, is really very close, the difference being merely in the less
enlarged middle part of the Cretaceoiis leaves. In Figs. 17 and 18 of oiu-
Plate XYII the leaves are smaller, the secondaries are more distant, at a
more acute angle of divergence, and form longer bows nearer to the borders.
The fragiuents may represent a different species. But still more striking-
variations in the angle of divergence of the secondaries, their distance and
their relative position along the border are often to be observed in leaves
of the same species of Andromeda.

Habitat : Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 548a and 689 of the museum
of the University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector. No. 4060, from ten
miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas, is of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Andromeda affinis Lesq.
PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 11.

Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 60, PI. ii, Fig. 5.

A leaf more fragmentary than that in Cret. and Tert. Fl. (loc. cit.), but
with the same characters.

ANDEOMEDA LINIFOLIA, Sp. DOV.

PI. LII, Fig. 5.

Leaf small, coriaceous, rigid, equally and gradiially narrowed upward
to a long acumen, and decm-ring downward to a short, slender petiole ; mid-
rib narrow; secondaries obsolete, oblique, opposite or alternate, somewhat
curved and camptodrome.

The leaf is slender, 6"°' long, broken near the apex, scarcely l*"" broad
below the middle, gradually narrowed upward and downward, apparently
rigid and solid; surface polished; secondaries parallel.

None of the fossil species of this genus have leaves so rigid, so slender,
and so gradually and equally tapering both ways, or so exactly lanceolate-
acuminate. In its general form and size the leaf is comparable to that of

1 Heer iu Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, p. 7, PI. ci, Fig. 25.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 119

Heer,^ described as A. revoluta Al. Braun, diflferiug especially by the grad-
ually narrowing prolongation upward to a long acumen, and downward to
a thin or very narrow, distinct petiole. It is also comparable to A. suhpro-
to(](Ea Sap. (Etudes, vol. 1, p. 227, PI. viii, Fig. 9).

Habitat : Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1210 of the museum of the
University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Ahdeomeda Wakdiana, sp. nov.
PI. LXIV, Fig. 17.

Leaf of thin texture, narrowly elliptical, blunt at apex, narrowed at
the base to a short petiole, and entire; median nerve narrow; secondaries
thin, oblique, camptodrome.

This species is similar in the form and size of the leaves to A. vaccini-
folia Ung., as figured by Heer in his Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, PI. ci, Fig. 25a.
The secondaries are only at a more acute angle of divergence in the Amer-
ican species. The leaf is 4.5"" long, 17""° broad at the middle, the petiole
7°"° long, and the angle of divergence of the secondaries nearly 40°.

Habitat: Ellsworth Coimty, Kansas. No. 304 of the collection of Mr.
R. D. Lacoe.

Order CAPRIFOLIACEiE.

Tribe SAMBUCE.^

Viburnum in^quilaterale, sp. nov.
PI. XXI, Figs. 2, 3.

Leaves large, subcoriaceous, enlarged and rounded upward from below
the middle and dentate, more or less rapidly narrowed to the broadly cune-
ate, entire base, irregularly three to five palmately nerved from a little
above the basal border; primary and secondary nerves oblique, nearly
equidistant, the lower much branching outside, all craspedodrome.

The leaves are enlarged in the middle and vary in size from 6*"° to 8""
broad, being about 1""" broader than long. The divisions or teeth of the
borders con-espond to those of the nerves, each of these entering one of
the teeth, which are short, at right angles to the borders, separated by
shallow sinuses of the same type as those often remarked upon the leaves
of the Dakota Group in species of Grrewiopsis, Platanus, Betulites, Aralia,

1 Fl. Tert. Helv. iii, PI. ci, Fig. 24.

120 THE FLORA OP THE DAKOTA GKOTJP

etc. The primary nerves, two or three, rather ahernate than opposite,
are mostly equidistant with the secondaries and with the same angle of
divergence (30° to 40°), much branching outside, the few lower branches
only not corresponding to teeth, being camptodronie.

The species has a degree of affinity to V. Schmidtiamim Heer\ from
which it differs by the leaves being cuneiform, not rounded at the base, the
nervation subpalmately trifid, with lateral nerves somewhat more distant.
Tlie ai-eolation and the form of the leaves are the same.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4192 of the
collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Viburnum grewiopsideum, sp. nov.
PI. XXI, Fig. 4.

Similar to the preceding species; a single leaf, differing by smaller size,
thinner texture and equilateral form. The secondaries are less distant, more
branched, the nervilles connivent at an angle near the borders, with branches
passing at right angles from the angular point of union to the borders as in
leaves of Grewiopsis. The teeth are shorter, less marked, separated by flat
sinuses. This and the preceding species are typical of F. lantanoides and
V. ellipticuin of our present flora.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 834 of the museum of the
University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Viburnum robustum, sp. uov.
PI. XX, Figs. 4-6.

Leaves coriaceous, polished on the surface, entire, oblong, oval or
ovate, narrowed downward, slightly decm-rent at the very base to a long,
thick petiole, penninerved; median nerve thick, secondaries strong, carap-
todrome to brachydi'ome.

These fine leaves, which are 8"" to 10"" long and 5""° to 6™ broad at
the middle, with a thick petiole 2.5"™ to 3"™ long, have a nervation com-
parable to that of the leaves of Popiihis mutahiUs Heer, which they also
resemble by their thick texture. The secondaries, diverging at an angle of
30° to 50° from the median nerve, fork at a distance from the borders, then-
divisions anastomosing in curves forming a double row of marginal areoles.
This type of nervation is still very marked in some living species of
Vibui'num, as in V. nudum L., V. Lentago L., and its numerous varieties, and

'Flor.i of Saclialin, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 5, pt. ,!, p. 43, PI. xi, Figs. 4-8.

DESCRIPTION OP SPECIES. 121

in some fossil species, such as V. Strangei Mass\, whose leaves are also
coriaceous, strongly nerved but of diverse form; also in V. rugosum Pers.
(pUocenicimi) Sap. & Mar.^

The long, thick petiole of these Cretaceous leaves does not contradict
their reference to Viburnum, for V. lantanoides Mx. has leaves with a very
thick petiole, sometimes as long as 4"", and V. nudum L., which shows the
same type of nervation and has leaves with petioles 2"" to 2.5'^™ long; and
these, winged as they are, would appear, if they were seen compressed in
the fossil state, still thicker than those figured here.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 12, 58, and 59 of the museum
of the University of Kansas; A. Wellington, collector.

ViBUENUM ELLSWOKTHIANUM, sp. nOV.
PI. XXI, Fig. 6.

A single incomplete leaf, resembling in form, size, and texture the speci-
men (Fig. 4) of the preceding species. It differs from it by a stronger ner-
vation, the secondaries at unequal distance, simply camptodrome, curving
quite near the borders, less ramose, the nervilles close, nearly at right
angles along the median nerve.

Though far different in appearance, the leaf may be a variety of V.
robustum.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 4 of the museum of the
University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington.

VrBTjENUM Lesqxjeeeuxii,^ sp. nov.

■ Very variable in a diversity of characters which it is almost impossible
to characterize or consider as specific.

Leaves round or broadly ovate, obtuse, pointed or longer, lanceolate
above, round, cordate, subtruncate or slightly narrowed and cuneate at the

'Massalongo-Scarabelli, Fl. Foss. Senigall., p. 280, Pis. x, xi, Fig. 4.

^Recherches sur les Veg4t. Foss. de Meximieux, in Arch, du Mus. d'Hist. Nat. de Lyon, vol. 1, p.
262, PI. XXXI, Figs. 1-3.

"This in Prof. Lesquereux's manuscript is called "Viburnun) datcotense, sp. nov.," but that name is
preoccupied by the plant more appropriately so named by himself from the Bad Lands of Dakota in
his Cretaceous and Tertiary Flora, p. 231, PI. XLVi A, Fig. 9. While it seems a pity to disturb the
name given by himself to so important a species, it is, under the circumstances, a necessity. It should
not, however, bo regarded as an unmixed evil, since it affords an opportunity to add one more honor
to a name which is appended to very few species, considering the great number created by him who
bore it.— L. F. W.

122 THE PLOKA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

base, more or less distinctly and acutely dentate, penninerved. Midrib
thick; secondaries, six to ten pairs, according to the size of the leaf, oblique,
parallel, equidistant, straight in passing to the borders, the lower pairs
ramose, with sometimes underneath a thin basilar simple or marginal pair
of nerves close to the borders.

As i have done for the leaves described as Betulites, I refer most of
these to one species, with some variation indicated by an additional name.

All the leaves have the areas traversed by distinct, simple nervilles,
more or less curved at the middle, about at right angles to the secondaries ;
the nervilles become often nearest to the borders, angularly plicate in the
middle and there joined to a vertical branch tending to the borders. The
petiole of these leaves is strong, straight, nearly 5"" to 6"" long, inflated and
curved at the base as in Betulites; the dentation of the borders is varied,
the teeth being sometimes sharp and distinct, sometimes scarcely marked.

The leaves considered as essential varieties are figured as follows:

Viburnum Lesqueeeuxii var. commune, n. var.
PI. LIIl, Fig. 2,

This is the form the more generally observed. Leaves small, truncate
or subcordate at base; basilar nervilles very thin, quite near the borders, and
simple; teeth of the borders distinct.

ViBUKNUM Lesqueeeuxii var. eotundifolium, n. var.
PI. LII, Fig. 8.

Leaves nearly round ; teeth regular, small, base broadly cuneiform ;
secondaries oblique ; marginal none.

Viburnum Lesqueeeuxii var. coedifolium, n. var.
PI. LII, Fig. 9.

Leaves larger, more or less deeply cordiform at base, obtusely pointed
at apex, distinctly dentate; lowest secondaries nearly at right angles, none
simple and marginal.

ViBUENUM Lesqueeeuxii var. longifolium, n. var.
PI. LIII, Fig. 1.

Leaves large, cordate at base, long, tapering upwards to the obtusely
pointed apex; lower secondaries arched l^ackward in passing to the borders,

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 123

the basilar submarginal. It is an enlarged form of var. 3, with very fine,

large leaves.

No. 2701 of the U. S. National Museum collection, from near Fort

Harker, Kansas.

Viburnum Lesqueeeuxii var. latius, n. var.
PI. LIl, Fig. 10.

Leaves enlarged, both sides obtuse at apex; coarsely dentate; lower
secondaries open with a pair of thin basilar veinlets underneath.

It is apparently a small leaf of the same variety, only differing by the
absence of marginal nerves.

Viburnum Lesqueeeuxii var. lanceolatum, n. var.
ri. LIII, Fig. 3.

Leaves round, cuneiform at base, of small size, lanceolate pointed,
lower secondaries, of which there are two pairs, nearly at right angles,
simple, marginal; the borders distinctly dentate.

No. 2 7 01 J of the U. S. National Museum collection.

Viburnum? Lesqueeeuxii var. tenuifolium, n. var.
PI. LXIV, Fig. 13.

Uncertainly referred to Viburnum. From the other forms of V. Les-
quereuxii the leaf differs by its thin texture, its oblong-ovate shape, the thin,
less deeply marked nervation and the nearly entire borders, the teeth being
very small, like those of BetuUfes Westii, var. subintegrifolitis Lesq. In gen-
eral characters it is remarkably similar to the figure of Gorijlopsis muUiflora,
given by Saporta in the text to his Flora of Sezanne (p. 394). It differs by
its broad diameter, the more open secondaries, and the direction of the
small border teeth. I rather think the leaf referable to the Hamamelideaj.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1186 of the collection of
Mr. R D. Lacoe.

Viburnum sphenophyllum, sp. nov."
PI. LIII, Fig. 4.

Leaves long and narrowed, broadly cuneiform at base, tapering to
the pointed apex; distinctly, equally dentate on the borders; longer and

'This species was named "Viburnum cuneatum, n. sp.," by Prof. Lesquereux, but this name is pre-
occupied by the Viburnum cuneatum of Newberry (Foss. PI. from West N. A., Pioc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. .5,
p. 511). It w;is therefore necessary to change the name, and I have called It Viburnum apheno-
phyUum.—F. H. K.

124 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GRUUP.

comparatively narrower ; secondaries parallel and all ramose ;• none simple
and basilar; teeth sharply pointed, distinct, mostly equal; surface of the
leaves smooth.

It is probably a variety of V. LesquercuxU, but it has a peculiar
aspect, being equally and distinctly dentate, with secondaries parallel, all
ramose, the nervilles more distinct. All these forms and many others were
found at the same localities; none, however, are identical or were found at
the same place with the leaves described as Betulites.

ViBURNITES CRASSUS, Sp. DOV.'

PI. XLV, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4.

Leaves very thick, coriaceous, round in outline, subcordate ov siib-
truncate and entire at base, denticulate above, triplinerved; nerves thick;
lateral primaries open, branching outside with one, rarely two, pairs of lower
basilar simple veinlets which are thin and at right angles ; secondaries, four
to five pairs, equidistant aud parallel, craspedodrome with their divisions;
angle of divergence 45^ to 50°.

These leaves vary in size from 6°" to 10'^" in both vertical and trans-
verse directions. The borders are denticulate, more distinct, and with more
distant teeth, but the kind of border division or dentation is of the same
character, the small teeth being at right angles to the borders, as formed by
the more or less strong projection of the nerves and of their branches, and
separated by shallow sinuses. The texture of the leaves is thick and the
areolation coarse and deeply marked, especially in Fig. 4, a fi-agment which
may perhaps represent a different species, its areolation being evidently in
smaller meshes than in the two other leaves. Fig. 3 has only one basilar
veinlet on one side, while Fig. 4 has the lateral primaries emerging from the
base of the lower secondaries and a pair of basilar veinlets. This difference,
as well as the nearly entire borders of the leaf, renders its reference to this
species somewhat uncertain.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. Nos. 4163, 4167,
4168 of the collection of Mr.^ R D. Lacoe. No. 839, Fig. 4, of the museum
of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

'This species was first entered in the manuscript and described under the name of Protophyllum
trassum by Prof. Lesquerenx, but in pencil the name was changed to Phyllites. In a still later note
he said: '• Omit Protophyllum crassum of PI. XLV, which is a Viburnites. Protophyllum crassum true is
a new species described from Lacoe's specimen, No. 1171."

Protophijllum crassum "true" is figured from Lacoe's specimen, No. 1171, on PI. LXXVII, Fig. 4,
and also described from the manuscript description of the specimens furnished Mr. Lacoe by Prof.
Lesquerenx. — F. H. K.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 125

VlBXTHNITES MASONI, Sp. UOV,

PI. XLV, Fig. 5.

Leaves coriaceous, round', subcordate at the entire base, obtusely short-
dentate, subtripahnately nerved; median nerve strong; primary lateral
nerve supra-basilar, opposite and oblique like the secondaries, which are
equidistant and parallel to it; basilar primaries two p*irs at right angles,
the upper branching on the lower side, anastomosing in bows with the lower
one, quite thin and marginal; secondaries compound-craspedodrome, branch-
ing and anastomosing toward the borders in oblique subdivisions, and
uervilles forming rows of angular meshes.

This leaf differs from Protophyllum by the characters of the areolation
and the subdivisions of the secondaries toward the borders of the leaves,
where they branch first obhquely, and by the anastomosis of branchlets
in oblique and even rectangular directions ultimately enter the teeth by
nervilles, as in species of Grewiopsis. The leaf is 9''" broad and about
7.5""" long, the petiole being broken near the base of the leaf.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 52 of the museum of the
University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington.

Order CORNACE^. '

CoRNUS PRECOX, sp. nov.
PI. XXIII, Fig. 5.

Leaves polished on the surface but not thick, elliptical, tapering upward
to a lono- acumen; narrowed in an outward curve to the base and decurring
to a short petiole, entire; median nerve rigid; secondaries inequidistant and
parallel, at an acute angle of divergence, much curved in traversing the
blade, simple or forking above the iniddle.

One leaf only of this kind has been found. It is S""" long, 3.5"^ broad
at the middle, somewhat undulate, with seven jjairs of secondaries at an
aiio-le of divergence of 40°, those of the three lower and of the upper pair
opposite those of the middle alternate, either simple or forking in parallel
branches, which with the same degree of curve pass towards the borders
and follow them quite near in long bows.

This fine leaf, remarkable for the forking of the secondaries, has a dis-
thict afanity with that described as C. Bucliii Heer\ being of the same form,

1 EttiDgshauseu, Fl. Foss. v. Sagor, pt. 2, p. 22, PI. xiv. Fig. 31,

126 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

tliough somewhat smaller, with the same peculiar divisions of the seconda-
ries. It, however, diflFers from the leaves described by Heev under the same
name,^ as well as from those in Ettingshausen's Flora v. Bilin,' the second-
aries of all these leaves being simple and less curved. It has a distinct
affinity to C. Forschammeri Heer,^ of Atane (Cenomanian), described also
in this volume from specimens obtained at a higher stage of the Cretaceous.
Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 32 of the museum of the
University of Kansas; A. Wellington, collector.

COENUS PLATYPHYLLOIDES, Sp. UOV.

PI. LXIV, Fig. 15.

Leaves small, tliickish, subcoriaceous or membranous, oval, narrowly
obtuse and narrowed to the base, entire; median nerve thick; secondaries
seven pairs, very oblique, slightly curved in traversing the lamina, parallel,
subopposite and subequidistant.

The leaf, which is 4*^"' long and 2'™ broad, has the secondaries diverg-
ing from the midrib at an angle of 30° and somewhat cm-ved in passing
toward the borders, the upper pair acrodi-ome. The form, size, and mode
of nervation of the leaf, as well as the texture, are so remarkably similar to
the small leaf of C. platyphyUa Sap.* that it might be considered as identical.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 594 of the collection of Mr.
E. D. Lacoe.

Nyssa Snowiana, sp. nov.
PI. LII, Fig. 11.

Leaves comparatively small, ovate, abmptly contracted to a short
acmnen, cuneate to the short, thick petiole and slightly decurring to it at
the base, peuninerved; midrib strong, percurrent, secondaries parallel, sub-
equidistant, camptodrome, cm-ving in traversing the blade, branching in the
upper part, following quite near the borders in simple areoles.

The leaf, which is 5"™ long and 3™ broad at the middle, is entii'e, and
has a petiole l""" long; the secondaries, of which there are eight or nine on
each side, are very distinctly curved in passing toward the borders, which
they follow in single bows. It is similar in its facies and character to N.
europcea Ung.,* being only smaller. A small fruit, striate lengthwise. No.

iFl. Tert. Helv., vol. :5, p. 26, PI. CV.Figs. 6-9. <F1. Foss. Suzanne, p- 391, PI. xi, Fig. 9.
^Pt. 3, p. 4, pi. XL, Fig. 32. ^Sylloge, pt. 3, p. 73, PI. xxiii. Fig. 19.

3F1. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 85, PI. XL.iv, Fig. 13.

DESCEIPTIOi^r OF SPECIES. 127

1250 of the Snow collection, Is comparable in size, form, etc., to Nyssidium
gronnlandicum Heer (Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 3, PL ii. Fig. 18).

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 935 of the collection of the
University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Order ARALIACE^.

Tribe HEDERE^E.

Hedera cretacea, sp. nov.
PI. XVIII, Fig. 1.

Leaves subcoriaceons, broadly rhomboidal in outline, obtusely trilo-
bate, subcordiform at base; borders undulate between the lobes, entire
downward, nervation palmately five divided from the base; lower primary
nerves simple, short and thin, the upper thick, passing up to the point of
the lobes, branching on the lower side and forking; secondaries four pairs,
opposite, short, equidistant, and parallel with the upper primaries.

The only leaf seen of this species is 7"" long, 8.5"" broad between the
points of the lobes, which are short and obtuse. The lower secondaries are
thick, forking at the apex and becoming effaced before reaching the borders,
being, however, apparently camptodrome like the branches of the primaries.

The species has points of relation first with the living H. Helix L., by
its form, being, however, less deeply cordiform at the base, and by its nerva-
tion, which is five-nerved from the base in the living species, which has also
four pairs of opposite secondaries, all dividing before reaching the borders.
Of fossil species this leaf is related to H. Strozzii Gaud.,^ of the Miocene;
to H. auriculata Heer,^ with, however, a mai'ked difference in some of the
characters.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4029 of the
collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Hedera miorophylla, sp. nov.
PI. XVIII, Figs. 2, 3.

Leaves broadly rhomboidal, obscurely trilobate, palmately trinerved
from the base, obtuse and obtusely undulate-lobate above; secondaries two

'Gandin et Strozzi, Coiitrib., pt. 1, Feuilles tie la Toscane, p. 37, PI, xii. Figs, 1-3.
= F1. Fos8. Alask., p. 36, PI. ix, Fig. 6.

128 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

pairs, opposite and equidistant, craspedodrome, branches of the lateral
pi-iniaries camptodrome.

The leaves on which the species is based have nearly the same char-
acters as the large leaf (Fig. 1,) appearing really as a diminutive form of the
same species. As seen by the figures, the difference in size is very great;
but it is quite as marked between Figs. 3 and 2 as between this and Fig. 1 .
Essential diiferences are seen in the thickness of the lateral primar}^ nerves
and in the texture of the leaves, which is much thicker in Fig. 1 than in
Figs 2 and 3, and in the emarginate apex of these two last-mentioned leaves.
In spite oi" these differences the value of this last species may remain
doubtful, for Figs. 2 and 3 closely imitate the nervation of Fig. 1, as both
of these leaves have a thin lateral nerve on one side, while that of Fig. 1
has two, a ditference caused by the reduced size of the leaves.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. Nos. 4026 (Fig. 2)
and 4053a (Fig. 3) of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Hedeka platanoidea Lesq.

Gret. andTert. FL, p. 65, PI. lu, Figs. 5, 6 ; Hayden's Ana. Rept., 1874, p. 351, PI. iii,

Fig. 3.

Leaves coriaceous, subreniform, broader than long, rounded or obtusely
lobate at apex; abruptly narrowed or obliquely subtruucate at base; three
nerved fi'om a short distance above the base; lateral primaries cui-ving,
nearly parallel to the borders, anastomosing by thick branches and nervilles
with marginal veinlets underneath; secondaries few, flexuous, irregularly
branched, curving along the borders and anastomosing above, entering the
teeth directly or by short veinlets, or slightly marked deuticulations of the
borders.

The reference of the fragments figured here to the species described in
Cret. and Tert. Fl. (loc. cit.) is authorized by the identity of the nervation
which, though extremely mixed and variable, is easily recognized.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. Nos. 4174 (Fig. 4)
and 4021 (Fig. 5) of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

DESCKIPTiON OF SPECIES. 129

Hbdera obbiculata (Heer) Lesq.
PI. XVII, Figs. 12-14.

Chondro2)hyllum orbiculatum Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 115, PI. xxxi, Fig. 3c.
Eeconstructed PI. xxxii. Fig. 13.

Leaves coriaceous, nearly round or reniform, entire or subemarginate
at apex; secondaries numerous, the three lower pairs nearly joined at their
base, much branching, camptodrome; areolation in large, quadi-angular or
polygonal meshes formed by the iiTegular subdivision of the nervilles.

The leaves vary from 2..5™ to 5*"" in length, being nearly as broad,
sometimes even more enlarged horizontally and subemarginate at apex, as
in Fig. 12. Heer had only fragments of these leaves for reconstruction
and none of the fragments give a representation of the apex. One of our
leaves (Fig. 14) appears constricted and lobed at apex. This, however,
may be a mere casual deformation, though the borders of the sinuses are
jiartly distinct. This last form is like a transition between this and the fol-
lowing species. The petiole is fi-om 6°"" to 17"" long and a little enlarged
at the point of attachment. This species is closely related to H. parvula
Ward and H. minima Ward (Types of the Laramie Flora, p. 57, PL xxvi,
Figs. 4 and 5.)

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 756, 783, and 816 of the
museum of the University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Hbdera ovalis Lesq.
PI. XVII, Fig. 15.

Cret. Fl., p. 91, PI. xxv, Fig. 3; PI. xxvi. Fig. 4.

Chondrophylliim Nordenskioldi f Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 114, PL xxxii,
Figs. 11, 12; PI. XXX, Fig. 4b.

Leaves coriaceous, entire, oval, obtuse, narrowed to the petiole, penni-
uerved; median nerve stout; secondaries alternate, irregular in distance,
closer towards the base, much branched, camptodrome; areolation in large
polygonal or quadi-angular meshes.

This leaf has the same characters of nervation, also the same form and
size, as that figured in Cret. FL, PL xxv (loc. cit). As the details of nerva-
tion are extremely well preserved and distinct, it has been possible to repre-
sent it more exactly. It can not be positively asserted that the leaf is
referable to Heer's Cliondroplujlliim Nordenskioldi (loc. cit.), whieli is merely
represented in fragments. The leaf reconstructed by Heer (loc. cit., PL

HON XVII 9

130 THE FLOKA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

XXXII, Fig. 12) differs by its smaller size, the secondaries being less numer-
ous, at a more acute angle of divergence with few branches, and a different
general aspect. The reference, however, of all these leaves to Hedera is
authorized by their affinity to species of the genus ; in nervation, to H. Helix
L., in the form of the leaves and characters of the secondary nervation and
areolation to H. cimeifolia from Cuba, and especially to H. Gaudichaudi Gray,
of the Spanish Islands.

Habitat: Ellsworth Coiihty, Kansas. No. 824 of the collection of the
museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Hedera decukrens, sp. nov.
PI. XVIII, Fig. 6.

Leaves subcoriaceous, small, subcordate, oblong-ovate, obtuse, entire,
declining at base and decui'ring along the short petiole; nervation trifid from
the top of the petiole; lateral primaries much branching; the secondaries at a
great distance above the primaries, consisting' of three parallel pairs, arched
and forking near the borders, subcraspedodi'ome, vanishing in reaching the
borders.

The leaf is SS"""" long and as broad above the rounded base; the pri-
mary and secondary nerves at the same angle of divergence of 45°; the
lower pair of secondaries three times as distant from the primaries as from
the upper secondaries above, leaving between them a wide space of 17"""
without nerves, except a short, thin one, marked on one side only in the
middle of the space.

The species is comparable to H. platanoidea Lesq. (Cret. and Tert. Fl.,
p. 65, PI. II, Figs. 5, 6), and is still more closely related in form and nerva-
tion to H. aurkidafa Heer (Fl. Foss. Alask., p. 36, PI. ix. Fig. 6), from which
it differs especially by the absence of a basilar marginal nerve and in the
nervation being less distinctly camptodrome. This leaf is also comparable
to that of Myrsine antiqua Ung. (Syll., pt. 3, p. 20, PI. vii. Fig. 7), the fonii
of the leaf with the winged petiole being the same, but the nerves of our
species are more curved and distinctly camptodi'ome.

The decun-ent base of the petiole is not seen in any of the species
above quoted.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4031 of the
collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 131

Tribe ARALIE^E.
Abalia fokmosa Heer.

Fl. V. Moletein, p. 18, PI. viii, Fig, 3 ; Lesquereux, Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 60, PI. xi,

Pigs. 3, 4.

Aralia Sapoktanea Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 61, PI. viii, Figs. 1, 2; PI. ix, Figs. 1, 2. Haydea's Auu. Eept.,
1874, p. 350, PI. I, Pigs. 2, 2a.

Aealia Saportanba Lesq,, var. defokmata, u. var.
PI. XXIII, Figs, 1, 2.

Leaves small, palmately five lobate, lobes deformed, narrow, mostly
entire.

In Fig. 1 the median nerve is partly abortive or reduced to half its
length and width; while the lateral ones are nearly entire and equal. In
Fig. 2 the lateral lobes are short, obtuse on one side of the leaf, longer and
dentate on the other, and with secondaries obsolete. Comparing these leaves
to those of the normal forms (loc. cit), one sees easily that the differences
in the characters of these leaves is the result of casual deformation.

Habitat : Ellsworth County, Kansas. Museum of the University of
Kansas.

Akalia Wellingtoi^iana, sp. nov,
PI. XXI, Fig. 1; PI. XXII, Figs. 2, 3,

Leaves large, coriaceous, palmately three or five lobed, narrowed in an
inward curve to a prolonged base, decurring to the petiole; lobes long,
oblong-lanceolate, abruptly pointed, sharply equally dentate from above the
base, the teeth turned outside or slightly upward, separated by shallow
sinuses; primary nerves broad and flat; secondaries more or less oblique,
slightly curving or nearly straight in passing to the borders, entering the
teeth, craspedodi-ome, mostly simple ; areolation distinctly reticulate, in
irregularly quadrate or polygonal meshes.

The leaves, which are IS"" to 16"" long, excluding the petiole, vary of
course in width according to the number of lobes and their divergence from
the median nerve, which in most of the specimens that I have seen averages
35°. The lobes are a little broader in the middle, slightly narrowing to
the sinuses, 7"" to 10"" long, and from 2"'" to 3™ broad at the middle. The

132 THE FLOKA OF THE DAKOTA GliOUP.

separate lobe (PI. XXII, Fig. 5) has the teeth much larger, more tm-iied
upward, appearing also of a tliicker texture.

The species is so remarkably similar to ^-1. Saportanea Lesq.-^ that at
first sight it appears identical. It differs, however, by the coriaceous texture
of the leaves, the reticulate areolatioii, the larger teeth, the more or less up-
wardly turned secondaries, which are not curved or camptodi'ome, but run
straight to the teeth and enter them; the base of the leaf is longer, decur-
rent, and the lobes more abruptly or obtusely pointed.

Habitat: Carneiro, Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 14, 14a, b, c, of
the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by Mr. A. Wellington,
to whom this fine species is dedicated.

Akalia Towneki Lesq.
PI. XXIII, Pigs. 3, 4; PI. XXXI, Fig. 1.

Hayden's Ann. Eept., 1874, p. 349, PI. it, Fig. 1 ; Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 62, PI. vi, Fig. 4.

As yet the species is known only by fragmentary specimens which do
not sufficiently exhibit the essential characters. What is known of it and
observed upon the fragments figiu-ed (one representing a small leaf, the
other a large one, quite as large if not larger than that figured in Cret. and
Tert. FL, loc. cit.; the third, PI. XXXI, of middle size) is that the leaves are
subcoriaceous, polished on the surface, irregularly palmately five lobed
from below the middle, narro^^dy cuueate to the base; the lobes entire, lan-
ceolate obtuse; the primary lateral nerves forking at a distance above the
base and the secondaries open, variable in distance, very much curved in
passing toward the borders, camptodrome, with nervilles rarely distinct and
at right angles to the nerves. The lateral primaries evidently join the
median nerve as supra-basilar.

Fig. 3 represents a fragment of a small leaf, probably referable to this
species. It seems to have a degree of relation to the Tertiary leaf, also
fragmentary, of A. Tsclmlymensis Heer (Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 5, pt. 2, p. 42,
PI. XIII, Fig. lb).

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 73 of the musexxm of the
University of Kansas; A. Wellington, collector.

'Cret. and Tert. FI., p. 61, PI. viii, Figs. 1, 2; PI. ix, Figs. 1, 2.

DESOEIPTIOX OF SPECIES. 133

Aralia Masoni, sp. nov.
PI. XV, Fig. 4.

Leaf stilDcoriaceous, palmately 3 to 5 lobed; lobes oblong-lanceolate
acute or acuminate, entire, long and narrow; primary nerve rigid, stout,
percui-rent; secondaries numerous, parallel, oblique, and curved.

The species is represented by a fragment, two lobes, finely preserved,
showing part of an apparently pahnately five-divided leaf The lobes are
7"" to 9*"° long, 2"" broad in the middle or less, and are gradually narrowed
from the middle downward to narrow obtuse sinuses and upward to the
apex (l3roken), which is either acute or acuminate. The lateral nerves are
close, 3"" to 4"™ distant, oblique, at an angle of divergence of 50°, some-
■".vhat curved in passing toward the borders.

As far as can be seen from the fragment the species is closely related
by nervation and also by length and width of the lobes to A. angustiloha
Lesq.,' a species from the Upper Miocene of the auriferous gravels of Cal-
ifornia. By the shape of the lobes, their close disposition and narrow
sinuses, the species is comparable to A. Jorgenseni Heer,^ from Unartok,
Greenland where it is associated with Laurus primigenia Ung., Viburnum
marginatum Lesq., etc. Heer's species is represented by a trilobate leaf
only, and the secondary nervation is totally obsolete. Hence, though the
form, size, and relative position of the lobes are really the same as in the
fragment figured here, it is not possible to identify the species.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4063 of the
collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Aralia subemaeginata Lesq.
PI. XV, Fig. 3.

Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 63.

Leaf large, coriaceous, palmately five-lobate ; lobes short, rounded and
emarginate at apex ; primary nerves in three pairs, supra-basilar, the lateral
ones forking at a short distance from their base; secondaries camptodrome,
distant, much curved in passing toward the borders, which they follow more
or less distantly, anastomosing in arches.

This fine leaf, which measures 17"" horizontally and 9*"" vertically, is
palmately five lobate, with the lateral primary nerves alternate at base,

' Mem. of the Museum of Comp. Zool., vol. G, pt. 2, PI. v, Figs. 4, 5.
^Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, p. 116, PI. ci, Fig. 1.

134 THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

forking- a little aliove it. Tlie lobes are emarginate at apex, entire, short
and separated by narrow, obtuse sinuses; the median nerve, which is con-
tinued from the petiole, is 3""" thick, the lateral about half as strong. Tlie
secondaries are thick at base, much curved in passing to the borders and
branch and anastomose near them, either with branches of those above or
with long, continuous ner^^lles at right angles to the primaries; the areoles
formed by subdivisions at right angles of the nervilles are nearly square,
somewhat large.

This leaf is as yet without recognized affinity, except with the leaves
described in my Cret. FL, p. 56, PI. ii. Figs. 1-3; PI. xxiv. Fig. 2; PI. xxix.
Fig-. 8, as Liquidambar integrifolium ; and especially with the small fragment
referred to Sassafras crefaceum NeAvb., var. obtusifoVmm Lesq. (loc. cit.), PI.
xxix. Fig. 9. From these leaves, however, it differs greatly in tlie nervation,
the primaries being supra-basilar and the secondaries distinctly campto-
drome, as in certain species of Aralia.

Habitat: Three miles south-southeast of Fort Harker, Kansas. No.
810 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Aralia grcenlandica Heer.
PI. LIV, Figs. 1-3.

Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abth., p. 84, PI. xxxvm, Fig. 3; PI. xxxix, Fig. 1; PI. xLvi,

Figs. 16, 17.

Leaves generally large, coriaceous, with smooth surface, five nerved
from the top of the petiole, generally a little above the basil borders of the
leaves, trilobate; base truncate and rounded, declining to the petiole;
lobes equal, obtuse or apiculate, entire or sometimes short obtusely lobate;
even In-oadly emarginate at apex, separated by half round, broad sinuses.

The leaves vary from 7""" to 12*"" in diameter between the apices of the
lateral lobes, and from G*"" to lO""" in length from the top of the petiole to
the apex of the median lobe; the lateral nerves diverge from the top of the
petiole, the lowest thinner, simple or ramose underneath, and curve along
the entire borders or enter a short obtuse lobe; the upper ones are ramose
on both sides, have their branches camptodrome, and are much curved in
following the borders.

There is some difference in the characters of the leaves referable to
this species as compared to those figured by Heer in Fl. Foss. Arct. (loc.
cit.). The form, size, and texture are alike, but in Heer's figure the primary
nerves are only three in PI. xxxvm, Fig. 3, the lateral supra-basilar, the

DESCRIPTION OP SPECIES. 135

lobes entire, while in PI. xxxix, Fig. 1, the nerves are five and the lobes
narrower, the lateral trilobate along the base. This indicates a disposition
of the leaves to become casually lobate. In Heer (loc. cit.), PI. xxxix.
Fig. 3 is referred to Platanus recurvafa Lesq. It is a trilobate leaf, five
nerved, with the lobes entire, which really appears to be referable to Aralia
groenlandica.

Fig. 3 has some real analogy with my figure of A. emarginata of our
PL XV, Fig. 4, which is referable as a variety perhaps of what I have form-
erly considered as Liqiddambar inteyrifolium. It is, in fact, different, espe-
cially in the presence in this variety of two or even three pairs of basilar
nerves parallel to each other. But there is, nevertheless, a distinct affinity
showing it to be a continuation of the same type under a form somewhat
different.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. Fig. 2, PI. LXVI, is No. 2741 of the
U. S. National Museum.

Aralia berbebidifolia, sp. nov.
PI. XVI, Fig. 11.

A small coriaceous leaf or leaflet, palmately five-lobed from the middle;
lobes oblong, rounded at apex to an abrupt sharply cuspidate point, sepa-
rated by obtuse sinuses ; primary nerves three, from above the base, lateral
forking.

No traces of secondaries or areolation are observable upon the surface
of this small leaf, which is oidy 2.5""" long, 2"" broad between the apices of
the lateral lobes. The middle one is 15°"" long above the sinus, 5"™ broad,
the lateral gradually smaller.

I do not know of any fossil species to which this one can be compared.
Its five-palmate division refers it to the genus Aralia, howevei', of whicli
many species are described from the Dakota Grrouj). By its hard, coriaceous
texture and the form of its sharply cuspidate lobes, it may be compared to
species of Berberis, such as B .' trifoliolata of Texas, whose leaflets, though
generally trilobed, are sometimes five lobed and cuneate at the base. The
genus Berberis is represented in the Miocene flora of Europe by five species,
two of them of doubtful affinity, the others with linear leaflets without
relation to this fossil leaf from Kansas.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 527 of the collection of the
University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

136 THE FLORA OP THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Aralia qxjinquepartita Lesq.
Cret. FI., p. 90, PL xv, Fig-. 6.

Aralia tenuinervis Lesq.
Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. C3, PI. vir, Fig. 4.

Aralia radiata Lesq.
Oret. and Tert. FL, p. 64, PL vii, Figs. 2, 3.

Aralia concreta Lesq.

Hayden's Ann. Eept., 1874, p. 349, PL iv. Figs. 2, 3, 4; Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 64, PL

IX, Figs. 3-5.

Order MYRTACE^.
Tribe MYRTEyE.

Mtrtophyllum Warderi, sp. nov.
PL LIII, Fig. 10.

A fragmentary leaf, subcoriaceous, witli borders entire, gradually nar-
rowing towards the base, there joining the base of the midrib, enlarged
into abroad, short petiole or decurringto it; secondaries oblique, proximate,
joined at apex to a marginal nerve following to the borders and undulate,
separated by simple, parallel tertiaries.

Of this species there is only the fragment figured. It is part of a leaf
enlarging gradually upward from a short, thick petiole; like a regular blade
Ijroken 8''™ from the base, where it is enlarged to 2"™. The secondaries are
oblique and straight, diverging 30° from the midi'ib, and are joined near
the borders to a marginal nerve and generally separated by a single tertiary
which is parallel, shorter and not connected with the marginal nerve. The
nervation of the leaf is therefore comparable to that of some species of
Eueal}^5tus of New Holland; E. florihiuida' Endl. and E. acervida Sieb. are
both represented in Ettingshausen's Blattskelete der Dicotyledonen, p. 203.
MyrtophyUum puldirum Saporta (Monde des Plantes, p. 356, Fig. 113), has
leaves much like those of this Cretaceous species. Saporta compares its
leaves to those of M. Geinitzi Heer (Kreideflora von Moletein, p. 22, PL
xr, Figs. 2, 3).

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2754 of the U. S. National
Museum.

DESOfJIPTION OP SPECIES. 137

Eugenia peimjeva, sp. nov*
PI. LlII, Figs. 5-9.

Leaves small, coriaceous, elliptical-lanceolate, obtuse, gradually nar-
rowed to short narrow petiole; midi-ib narrow; secondai*ies very oblique,
thin, the lower pair opposite, a short distance above the base, ascending
nearly parallel to the borders; those above alternate, more curved in pass-
ing toward the borders, simple, camptodrome.

The leaves are referable to this genus by all their characters and are
comparable to those of U. hdringiana Ung. (Fl. von Sotzka, p. 52, PI. xxxv,
Fig. 19). They vary from 4.5""" to 8°'" in length, including a short petiole
6""" to 8°"" long; the divergence of the secondaries is 20° to SO"^' from tlie
midrib.

The leaf shown in Fig. 9 is larger, has a broader flat midrib, and the
secondaries are more open. It may be a different species, though I pro-
visionally named it var. valida. It is more closely related to J?. Jiarhif/iann
Ung. as figured by Heer in Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, PI. cliv. Fig. 13.

Habitat: Probably all near Fort Harker, Kansas. Figs. 6, 7, 8, are
all numbered 2693 in the U. S. National Museum.

Tribe LEPTOSPERME^^.

BuCALYPTtrS DAKOTENSIS, Sp. nov.
PI. XXXVn, Figs. 14-19.

Leaves coriaceous, linear, or gradually narrowed from an obtuse apex
to the base, decurring iiito a short, alate petiole; borders recurved, median
nerve strong; secondaries thin, oblique, proximate, parallel, camptodrome.

The species is represented b}' numerous fragments of very tliick leaves,
about 1"" broad and at least 8"" long; the borders are sometimes strongly
recurved as in Fig. 1.5; sometimes flat as in Fig. 19, and judging from
the fragment (Fig. 14) the leaves are obtuse at apex. The median nerve
is thick, especially so on the lower sin^face, as in Fig. 19, where tlie flat-
tened borders are seen decurring along the median nerve at base and
thus bordering the short, margined petiole. The secondaries, which are
gmui ^Q ^ram jjgtant at the base, traverse the blade at an angle of divergence
of 30° to 40°, and, curving close to the borders, form by their crossing
simple, incumbent bows, like a marginal nerve, distinctly seen onlv on the
lower side of the leaves or of the fragments.

The species is intimately related to E. Geinitsi Heer, described below,

138 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

the leaves of which are generallv much hirger. Heer considers his species
as the equivalent of MijitopJii/lh(i)i {Eucalyptus) Geinihi of the Kreiclefl. v.
Moletein, p. 22, PI. xi, Figs. 3, 4, represented by two leaves not any larger,
2.5*" long, and tapering to an acumen, with the base not decurrent, but
narrowed to a short, naked petiole. These material differences prevent the
identification of the Kansas leaves with tliose of Moletein and Greenland,
though the relation is very close.

E. dakotensis is also comparable to JE. angusfa Velenovsk}',^ Init differs
by the base of the leaves decurring and apparently obtuse.

Habitat: Ellsworth Connt}^ Kansas. Nos. 53, 108, 674, 685, 710 of
the museum of the University of Kansas; A. Wellington and E. P. West,
collectors.

EtrcALYPTTJS Geinitzi Heer.
PI. XXXVII, Fig. 20.

Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, 2 Abtb., p. 93, PL xis, Fig. Ic; PL XLV, Figs. 4-9, fruits; PL
XLTi, Figs. 12c, d, 13.

Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate; nan-owed to the
apex and to the base; median nerve stout; secondaries at an acute angle of
divergence, confluent with the marginal nerve.

There is only a fragment of a leaf, which, however, distinctly repre-
sents Heer's species, especially as figured on PI. xix. Fig. Ic, for the size
of the leaves, the direction of the secondaries and their confluence with a
marginal nerve, and on PI. xlvi, Fig. 12c, for the areolation in large
meshes fonxied by undulate nervilles cut at right angles hj tliin, interme-
diate tertiaries.

Habitat: Ellsworth Count}', Kansas. No. 775 of the museum of the
University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Callistemophyllum Heeeii Ett.
PL XXXVIII, Fig. 8.

Kreiclefl. v. Niederschoena, p, 27, PL lii, Fig. 13.

Leaves small, coriaceous, entire, linear-lanceolate, acute at base, nar-
rowed to the apex; primary nerve strong; secondaries very thin and close,
at an acute angle of divergence.

The above is the description as given by Heer. The leaf from Kansas
has exactly the same form as that from Niederschoena, being somewhat

'Flora der bfihmischen Kreideformation, pt. 4, p. 3, PI. iii, Figs. 2-12.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 139

twisted or inclined to one side, witliout trace of nervation, only slightly
broader at the middle. I believe, therefore, that both these leaves repre-
sent the same species, though their true generic relation remains uncertain.
The thickness, the form, and the size of these leaves seeiiito refer them to
the Myrtacese. As no trace of tlie secondary nerves are marked upon the
figure of the leaf by Ettingshausen (loc. cit.), it is probable that the nerva-
tion is described by the author of C. m-elale-ucatforme Ett. of Hilring, which
he compares to his species.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 702 of the museum of the
University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Order HAMAMELIDE^.

Hamamelites tenuinervis Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 70.

Hamamelites qttadrangularis Lesq.

Haydeu's Ann. Rept., 1874, p. 355 ; Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 70.
Alnites quadrangularis Lesq., Cret. Fl., p. 62, PI. iv, Fig. 1.

Hamamelites kansaseanus Lesq.

Hayden's Ann. Rept, 1874, p. 355, PI. vii. Fig. 4; Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 70, PI. iv,

Fig. 5.
Almis Kamaseana Lesq., Cret. PI., p. 62, PL xxx. Fig. 8.

A larger leaf than that figured under this name in the Cret. and
Tert. FL, PI. iv, Fig. .5. The form of the leaf and characters of nervation
are the same. But it is doubtful if these two leaves, though the base is
rounded and connivent under the midrib, can be referred to the Hamame-
lidese. Species of Quercus, such as Q. laM^sima, Hosius Paleontogr. vol, 17,
PI. XIII, Fig. 11, and Q, ivestfalica Hosius, & v. d. Marck, Westfal. Kreideflora,
PI. XXIX, have some analogous characters.

Hamamelites quercipoliiis Lesq.
Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 7L

Hamamelites? cordatus Lesq.
Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 71, PL iv. Fig. 3.

140 THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

PARROTIA ? WiNCHELLI, Sp. DOV.

PI. XXIX, Figs. 5, 6.

Leaves coriaceous, of rough, undulate surface, rliomboidal, acute,
broadly wedgeforni at base, long-petioled, entire, penuinerved or subtripli-
nerved; primary and secondary nerves thin, rigid, craspedodrome, simple or
with few branches.

The leaves, of which there are two of the same form, vary from 7"" to
8*"° in length, and from 5™ to 6.5™ in width, the petiole, which is preserved
in the largest of them, measuring 5.5"'", though still apparently broken at
base. The secondaries, of which there are four to six pairs, are parallel,
the lowest supra-basilar, equidistant, diverging from the median nerve at an
angle of 40°, thin, straight in passing to the borders; the two lowest pairs
only with a few branches; nervilles mostly simple, at right angles to the
secondaries.

The relation of these leaves is not positively ascertained. The chai*-
acter of their nervation relates them to the genus Parrotia, by a degree of
affinity with P.pristina Ett. (Flora v. Bilin pt. 2, PL xxxix. Fig. 23 and pt. 3,
p. 4, PI. XL, Figs. 24, 25). But according to the description of the species
by the German author the leaves are cordate-ovate, undidate, or sinuate,
obtuse, truncate, emarginate at base, characters far diJffereut from those of
the Kansas leaves.

Habitat: Minnesota; Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 102 of the
museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington.

Parrotia grandidentata, sp. uov.
PI. XXXIX, Figs. 2-4.

Leaves subcoriaceous, not very thick, petioled, rliomboidal in outline,
rounded in narrowing to the base and entire to the middle, subtruncate or
naiTowed to the apex ; deeply, obtusely dentate-lobed above ; median nerve
strong; "secondaries opposite, consisting of three to four pairs, curved in
ascending upward and each entering one of the teeth, craspedodrome,
simple, the lower supra-basilar; ner\alles simple, somewhat flexuous,
parallel, at right angles to the nerves.

The leaves are from 7'™ to 10"" long and from (3.5""* to 10™' broad
between the apices of the lateral lobes. They are ovate from the base to
the middle, and there deeply dentate in narrowing to the apex ; each of the
secondaries, which are simple, parallel and arched in the same degree, enter-

BBSCEIPTION OF SPECIES. 141

ing one of the teeth. The uervilles, mostly obsolete, are seen especially at
their point of union to the secondaries.

I do not lind any other relation with these leaves than with the genus
Parrotia. P-pristina Ett.,' has a marked degree of analogy with these leaves
and with those of the preceding species. A distant affinity is also remarked
with the leaves figured on PI. XXXIV, Figs. 4, 7, 8, described as Acerites.

Habitat: Pipe Creek, Cloud County, Kansas. Nos. 4078c and 4081
of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Parkotia Canfieldi, sp. nov.2
PI. XXX, Fig. 6.

Leaves coriaceous, entire, long-petioled, rhomboidal-ovate, palmately
trinerved from near the base; primary and secondary nerves thick, craspe-
dodrome; secondaries four pairs; nervilles deeply marked, simple or fork-
ing at the middle.

This is a beautiful leaf, preserved entire, 7.5''" long, 6™ broad in the
middle, with a petiole nearly 2"" long. The texture of the leaf is thick, its
surface sliining. Its apex is rather obtuse and slightly emarginate hj the
pressure of the excurrent strong midrib. The secondaries are nearly as
strong as the primaries and pass like these straight to the borders, being
mostly simple or without branches, the branches only of the lateral
primaries being camptodrome.

The leaf is, in its aspect, like those of some species of Populus, a genus
from which it differs evidently by the few secondaries, which are straight,
parallel to the primaries, not ciu'ved at all in traversing the blade, not ramose
and distinctly craspedodrome. It seems at first related essentially to Par-
rotia, being comparable to P. pristina Ett.,^ the leaves of which are undu-
late-dentate and the nervation less distinctly palmately ternate. But its
affinity is more marked with species of Hedera, like Hedera platanoidea
Lesq.,* the leaves of which, also of coriaceous texture, merely differ by
their truncate base, the supra-basilar disposition of the lateral primaries,
the secondaries being thin and ramose.

Habitat: Kansas. No. 7 of the museum of the University of Kansas.
Collected by Mr. S. N. Canfield, for whom it is named.

1 Flora V. Biliu, pt. 3, p. 4, PI. xxxix, Fig. 23; PI. XL, Figs. 24, 25.

2 This species was first described under Hedera, but in a subsequent note was changed to Parrotia.
Tlie remarks on its affinities, which were made while it was retained under Hedera, are here repro~
duced in their original form. — F. H. K..

3 Flora V. Bilin, pt. 3, p. 4, PI. xxxix. Fig. 23; PI. xx, Figs. 24, 25.
^Cret, and Tert. Fl., p. 65, PI. lii. Figs. 5, 6.

142 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GKOUP.

Order ROSACEiE.

Tribe POME^E.

Ckat^gus laurenciana, sp. IIOV.
PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 1.

Leaves large, obovate, rounded at apex, attenuate at base into a broadly
margined petiole ; simply dentate ; primary nerve narrow ; upper seconda-
ries very oblique, ramose, the lower gradually more open, nearly at right
angles, simple and curved up in the wing of the petiole.

A beautitul leaf of somewhat thin (not coriaceous) texture, 12.5"'" long
including the long decurring base, T"" broad in the upper part. The middle
secondaries, at an angle of 20° to 30° of divergence, are much branched
outside in parallel, simple or ramose tertiaries; the lower are simple, grad-
ually more open and less distant, becoming camptodrome in the wing of the
petiole where they follow the borders in ai-eoles. The teeth are blunt, short,
simple, slightly turned upward and separated by shallow sinuses.

This species has, in the fossil plants, an intimate relation with C. antiqua
Heer,^ from which it differs in the borders, the nearly round upper part of
the leaf, the broad, prolonged, decurrent base nerved in its whole length, the
shorter, more distant teeth, etc. It may be compared also to C. aria L. var.
PeroUana Gaud.^ Its nearest affinity is, however, with the leaves of some
varieties of the living North American C. tomentosa L., which have a mar-
gined petiole, with the bordering lamina quite as large as in the Cretaceous
species and nerved in its whole length.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 750 of the museum of the
University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Cbatjegus tenuinekvis, sp. nov.
PI. LIV, Figs. 5-7.

Leaves oblong-ovate, dentate all around, once lobate at base, narrowed
into a long petiole; midrib thin; lateral primaries slightly curved back,
branching on both sides, prolonged to the apex of the lobes; secondaries
simple or ramose, about equidistant, oblique, straight and parallel, ending
in the large teeth.

This species is closely allied to the preceding, especially differing by
its thinner texture, the dentate borders, and in being only one, lobed at base.

1 Fl. Fobs. Arct., vol. 1, p. 125, PI. I, Figs. 1, 2.

2(jaudin et Strozzi, Contrib., pt. 4, p. 26, PI, vil, Figs. 5, 6.

DESCKIPTION OF SPECIES. 143

Fig. 5, which is a form of the same, is comparable to CratcBfjus atavina Heer,^
of the Patoot Flora, which merely diifers by the obtuse teeth. I have seen
in the herbarium some young shoots of C. spathulata Michx., with their
stipules, joined by their sides when dried and compressed; these stipules
looked like a round appendage, superposed upon the base by oblanceolate
leaves, passing above them and presenting, if not the same form (the leaves,
being oblanceolate), at least an appearance of about the same character as
this leaf

Habitat: Near Fort Barker, Kansas. No. 2699 of the U. S. National
Museum.

Crat^gus Lacobi, sp. nov.
PI. LXIV, Fig. 14.

Leaves small, oval, apparently obtusely pointed, cuneate from below
the middle to the base, with borders irregularly dentate above it; median
nerve strong, secondaries at an acute angle of divergence, thick, parallel,
mostly simple, craspedodrome.

There are two leaves of about the same size and form, 4.5"™ long, 3''™
broad at the middle, and of strong, rigid texture, but not coriaceous, with
eight pairs of thick, straight, or rigid secondaries, which are mostly simple,
reaching the borders and entering the irregular teeth, Avhicli are long- pointed
or short, slightly prominent, and diverging from the midrib at an angle of
25°. By their form, size, and character of nervation they are greatly like
some of the leaves of C. tomentosa, being irregiilarly cut on the borders,
with close, simple, parallel, and equidistant secondaries.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 572 of the collection of Mr.
R. D. Lacoe, for whom the species is named.

Crat^gus acbroides, sp. nov,
PI. LIV, Fig. 8 ; PI. LV, Fig. 1.

Leaves of medium size, coriaceous, ovate, simply or pinnately lobed;
lobes entire; midrib narrow; secondaries mostly opposite, the lower pair
slightly supra-basilar; open, curved back; those above parallel, more or less
ramose, craspedodrome, their branches camptodrome.

There are only three fragmentary leaves of this species whose affinity
with the preceding species is evident. They are somewhat like leaves of
Acer, but their nervation is peculiar, the lower secondaries being parallel,

' Fl. Fobs. Arct., vol. 7, p. 43, PI. lxiv, Fig. 11.

144 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

arclied downward, braiicliiug on both sides, and reaching the apices of short,
obtuse, entire lobes.

As points of relation to the species I may quote C. palcBOcantha Sap.,^
a very small leaf or fragment of a leaf, with the same characters of form
and nervation, and especially some varieties of C. oxi/acantha Ij., which,
however, has generally the lowest pair of secondaries emerging at a greater
distance above the base.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 1190 and 1191 of the col-
lection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Pyrus? oretaoea Newb.
Later Ext. FL, p. 12; Illustr. Cret. and Tert. PI., PI. ii. Fig. 7.

Tribe PRUNEvE.

Prunus cretacea Lesq.

Cret. FL, p. Ill, PI. xxiii. Figs. 8, 9.

Prunus (Amygdalus) ? anteoedens, sp. nov.
PI. LV, Fig. 4.

Leaves petioled, more or less broadly lanceolate, narrowed to the apex
and to the base, entire ; midrib of medium size ; secondaries curved, oblique,
camptoth-ome ; nervilles and areolation obsolete ; nut oblong, pointed at the
upper end, truncate at base and there marked by a few strong, vertical
strise, flattened on one side along the border, rounded at the other.

All that is observable of this peculiar plant is distinctly shown upon
the figure. One of the leaves is broader than the other but evidently
belongs to the same plant; the secondaries are at an angle of divergence of
35° from the midrib, parallel, equidistant, slightly cm-ved in passing toward
the borders, effaced before reaching them, camptodrome. The fruit, which
is convex on the surface and flattened on one side, is there bordered by a
transversely striate band, truncate, rounded and marked by a few depressed
lines at the other, and pointed at apex, and is a little more than 3°"" long,
and 1.5"" broad at the middle.

The fragment, comprising fruit and leaves as figured, seems referable
to the section Amygdalus, of which a number of species have been published
from the Tertiary. In the characters of the leaves, the size, form, and

ifitudeB, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 98, PI. xi, Fig. 4.

DESCRIPTION OF SPEOIES. 145

nervation, it is very similar to A. pereger Ung., as figui-ed in the Flora von
Sotzka (p. 54, PI. XXXIV, Figs. 10-16), or as it is figured in Liidwig's Foss.
Pfl. Rhein.-Wett. Tertiar-Form. (p. 143, PI. lix. Figs. 3, 4), where the leaves
are represented as entire. In this connection Schimper remarks that the
leaves appear rather to be those of Sapindus, especially on account of their
entire borders. The leaves of Prunus (Amygdalus) are as often entire as
serrate. I find no reason to refer this fine species to any unknown genus.
Habitat: Kansas.

Order LEGUMINOS^.

Suborder G^ESALPINIE..E.

Tribe AMHERSTIE^E.

Hymen^a dakotana, sp. nov.
PL LV, Figs. 2, 3; PI. LVI, Figs. 1, 2; PI. LXII, Fig. 2.

Leaves compound, of two, very rarely three, elliptical or oblong lance-
olate, entire leaflets, joined lower than the base of the pinnules and there
obliquely parted; midrib narrow; secondaries oblique, parallel, curved in
traversing the blade, camptodrome.

The species has numerous representatives, generally single detached
leaflets, sometimes borne upon a short petiole, joined together, or very rarely
three, at a distance of 1"™ to 2"" below the basal borders and passing toward
a stronger, common petiole. Three of the specimens, the best preserved
ones, have been figured, as also a single one with three pairs of leaves.
The pinnules vary greatly in size and the more or less acute base, some
being more rounded in joining the petiole. The divergence of the second-
aries, of which there are- seven to eight pairs, is also slightly variable,
being more or less open and variable in distance, even in the same leaves,
generally diverging 40° to 50° from the midrib.

One leaf of this genus, H.prirnigenia, is figured by Saporta in his Monde
des Plantes (p. 199, Fig. 2). The leaflets are joined nearer their base and
thus less distant; the same species figured and described by Velenovsky^
has the leaflets still larger than those of the Dakota Group specimens, but
with a shorter petiole, though longer than they are figured by Saporta, with
secondaries less numerous and more distant. The diff"erence may not be
specific. The leaves figured by Velenovsky are slightly crenate, while they

iFl. bohm. Kreideform., pt. 3, PI. v, Fig. 4; PI. vi, Figs. 2-4,
MON XVII 10

146 THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

are perfectly entire in our species. Saporta remarks that this genus of the
CfesalpiuieiB is still represented in the flora of the Mediterranean by Cera-
tonidsUiqua Caronbier, which forms large, open forests along the shore from
Nice to Mentone. As yet no fructification has been found with these leaves
in the Dakota Group, though the leaves are found in vast numbers in some
localities ; rarely, however, are the pinnules joined together.

Though the specimens represented by Figs. 1, 2, PI. LXVIII, have the
secondaries a little less distant, I consider them as of the same species.

Habitat: Kansas.

Tribe CASSIE^E.

Cassia problematica, sp. nov.
PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 3.

Leaflet small, oblong or broadly lanceolate, acute, narrowed to the
inequilateral base, short petioled; primary nerve narrow; secondaries distant,
subopposite, thin, camptodi-ome.

The leaflet, which is about 4"" long and 1.5"™ broad at the middle, has
the apex destroyed. Its secondaries, of which there are four pairs, diverge
from the midiib at an angle of 40° and are parallel and equidistant, except
the lower, which follow close to the borders and are less distant from those
above. The inequilateral base shows it to be a leaflet of a compound leaf
and its general characters refer it to the genus Cassia, being similar to the
leaflets of C. Berenices Heer,^ which is a variable species common in the
Miocene of Europe.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 453 of the museum of the
University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Cassia polita, sp. nov.

Leaflet small, membranous, entire, oval, lanceolate or naiTowing from
the middle to a blunt apex and downward more rapidly to a short, flat petiole ;
sm'face polished; nervation pinnate, camptodrome; secondaries five to six
on each side, oblique, parallel, thin, nearly cm'ved in passing toward the
borders. It has the size and form of C. lignitum Ung. (Syllog., pt. 2, p. 3(),
PI. X, Fig. 14), the leaflet being only more equilatei'al. The veins are thin,
mostly simple.

Habitat: Kansas.

'Fl. Tert. Selv., vol. 3, p. 118, PI, CXXXVII, Figs. 42-56,

DESCEIPTION OF SPECIES. 147

PAL^OCASSIA LAURINEA, Sp. nOV.

PL LXIV, Fig. 12.

Leaflets lanceolate, svibinequilateral, pointed; midrib narrow, but rigid;
secondaries parallel, equidistant, arched and camptodrome.

The leaflets are 3'='" to B'^"' long and 1 .5'='" broad at or below the middle,
narrowed to the base, lanceolate above, and some of them slightly inequi-
lateral. They have the same form and size as those of P. angustifolia and
P. lanceolata Ett.^ They differ from those of the European species by the
nervation being somewhat more distinctly marked, the secondaries, seven
to eight pairs, distinctly arched, parallel, and by the somewhat broader size
resembling small leaves of some Laurinese. They may, however, represent
the same species.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1117 of the collection of Mr.
R. D. Lacoe.

S^^border PAPILIONACE^E.

Tribe PHASEOLE^E.

Phaseolites formus, sp. nov,
PI. LV, Figs. 5, 6, 12.

Leaves solid, elliptical, ovate, inequilateral, slightly falcate; midrib
strong, gradually narrowed upward; secondaries distinct, thickish toward
the base, alternate or opposite, curved and camptodrome; nervilles and
areolation indistinct.

The leaves are comparatively large, being 5.5"" to 8"" long and y° to
5™ broad at the middle, petioled, with about eight pairs of secondaries at an
angle of 50°, which are curved in traversing the blade, camptodrome,
somewhat branching in the upper part, forming a simple or double row of
areoles along the borders.

The leaves are comparable to P. glycinoides Sap.,^ also to those of the
common living Apios tuherosa.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Fig. 5 is specimen No. 2796 of
the U. S. National Museum.

'Kreidefl. v. Niederschoena, pp. 961, 262, PI, lii, Figs. 6-8.
^Etudes, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 100, PI. xi, Fig. 8.

148 THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

Tribe GALEGE.^E.

COLTJTEA PRIMOEBTALIS Heer.
PI. XIII, Figs. 8, 9.

FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, Abth. 2, p. 99, Pi. xsvii, Figs. 7-11; PI. XLiii; Figs. 7, 8.

Leaves membranous, short petioled, oval or obovate, entire, rounded
in narrowing to the base, emarginate at apex ; secondaries very thin, camp-
todrome.

The leaves, which are 2"" long and 1.5"™ broad, are a little shorter,
more rounded, and less deeply emarginate than those figm-ed by Heer (loc.
cit.). The nervation is of the same type, the secondaries being much
cui-ved in passing toward the borders. Fig. 9 represents a leaf of which the
lower half only is preserved. It is identitied by its nervation and texture.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. Nos. 4040 and
4074 of the collection of Mr. E. D. Lacoe.

LEGUMINOS.E OF UNCERTAIN RELATION.

LEaXJMINOSITES PODOGONIALIS, Sp. IIOV.

PI. XIII, Fig. 11; PI. XXXYIII, Fig. 16.

Leaf membranous, elliptical, short petioled, entire, narrowed above to
a short, blunt acumen; primary nerve thick, rapidly thinning to the apex;
secondaries close, oblique, very thin, parallel and equidistant, camptodrome.

The leaf figm-ed is the only one seen of. this character. It is 4*"" long
and LS""" broad in the middle, the thick petiole being only 3°"" long. The
secondaries, of which there are eight pairs, are subopposite, with a diver-
gence of no more than 30°.

By its form and nervation the leaf is related to Podogonumi americanum
Lesq.,^ differing essentially by the very thin, slightly more distant second-
aries. The leaf is also a little broader in the middle.

Fig. 16 of PI. XXXVIII apparently represents a seed of some legumi-
nous plant. It is transversely oval, flat but thickish, and comparable to
seeds of Podogonium, like those of P. Knorrii Heer.^

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 4038 of the collection of Mr.
R. D. Lacoe is from ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas; No. 874, the

'Tert. Fl., p. 298, PI. Lix, Fig. 5; PL Lxin, Fig. 2.
''Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, PI. cxxxv, Figa. 17, 23, etc.

DESCRIPTION^ OF SPECIES. 149

fruiting specimen, is in tlie museum of the University of Kansas. Collected
by E. P. West. •

Leguminosites coeonilloides ? Heer.
PI. XIII, Fig. 10.

PI. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 119, PI. xxsiv, Fig. 14.
Golutea eoronilloides Heer, ibid., vol. 6, Abth. 2, p. 100.

Leaves small, oval, short petioled; secondaries very thin, straight or
slightly curved

The leaf is slightly smaller than that figured by Heer but of the same
form. It seems to differ only by having the lateral nerves more proximate
and straight rather than curved, at least in the lower part of the leaf.
Heer appears to have seen only a part of the secondaries, as on one side of
the leaf they are figured very close, the lowest straight, while on the other
side the two pairs figured are distant and curved. In the small leaf from
the Dakota Gro^^p the lateral nerves are seen with great difiiculty and on
one side only. Hence it is not possible to ascertain the real character of
the nervation. Both this leaf and that of Heer are of uncertain relation-
The one which I have figured is comparable also to Celastrus Bruchnanni
Heer (Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, p. 69, PL cxxi. Figs. 27-38).

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4035 of the
collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Leguminosites omphalobioides, sp. nov.
PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 4.

Leaflet subcoriaceous, short petioled, elHptical, obtuse, attenuated near
the base ; primary nerve narrow but deeply marked, secondaries very thin,
distant, alternate and camptodrome.

The leaflet which is 4'^™ long and 2"" broad in the middle, is regularly
ellipical but narrowed near the base and has six pairs of secondaries at an
angle of divergence of 50° curving quite near and along the borders. It has
the same form and size as those of L. ProserpincB Heer,^ which differ only by
being slightly emarginate at the apex.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 510 of the museum of the
University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

iFl. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, p. 123, PI. cxxxviii, Figa. 50-55.

150 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GiiOUP.

Legtjminosites DAKOTENSIS. sp. uov.
PI, XXXVIII, Pig. 5.

Leaflets oval-oblong, rounded to the base, constricted above into a
short, pointed acumen (broken) ; median nerve strong; secondaries oblique,
alternate, equidistant, parallel, camptodrome.

The leaflet is 4.5"'" long and 2.5'^'° broad a little above the middle, its
broadest part. It has six pairs of thin secondaries which are nearly straight
in traA^ersing the blade and diverge at an angle of 40°, curving and anas-
tomosing in simple bows near the borders.

The leaflet, by its size, form, and nervation, is related to species, of
Cassia and other Leguminosae described from the European Tertiary, such
as C. Berenices Heer or C. Fischeri Ileer.' Leaves of this type are described
by Ettingshausen (Kreideflora von Niederschoena) as Palseocassia. From
the Cretaceous flora of Greenland, Heer has described eleven Leguminosites,
besides nine leaflets referred to the genera Cassia, Dalbergia, and Colutea.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 552 of the museum of the
University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Leguminosites truncatus, sp. nov.*
PI. XXI, Fig. 7.

Leaflet membranous, linear, obtuse, emarginate, by inflexion of the
border at the apex of the thick, percurrent median nerve; secondaries
oblique, close, parallel, curA'ing in passing to the borders, camptodrome,
nervilles strong.

This fragment of a leaflet has a broad, flat, median nerve, preserving
the same thickness for its whole length. The lateral nervation has some
analogy to that of species of Podogonium, especially of P. LyelUanum Heer,^
which represents a leaflet broadly emarginate at the apex. The secondaries
are, however, more curved, and ascend higher along the borders.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4075 of the col-
lection of Mr- R. D. Lacoe.

' Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, p. 123, PI. cxxxvii, Figs. 42-46, 62-65.

^This species was called "Leguminosites eniarf/iiiaius, sp. nov.," in the manuscript by Prof. Les-
quereux, but this name is preoccupied by Heer's Leguminosites enaryinatus (Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, 1859,
p. 125, PI. CXL, Fig. 33). I have therefore changed it to L. truncatus.—b\ H. K.

3 Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, p. 117, PI. cxxxvi, Fig. 42.

DESCRIPTION UP SPECIES. 151

Leguminosites oonstrictus, sp. nov.
PI. XLIV, Fig. 3.

Leaflets small, thin, entire, lanceolate, rounded at base, constricted
near the pointed apex; median nerve straight, scarcely narrowed upward;
secondaries opposite or alternate, numerous, thin, camptodrome.

This leaf is small, quite smooth and entire, 5.5"" long, 2""° broad below
the middle, and resembles in form and size Cassia hyperhorea Heer,^ difiPering
in having the secondaries more oblique, diverging 40° or 45° from the
midrib, less distant, and by the contraction of the leaf below the apex.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. Ic of the museum of the
University of Kansas; A.Wellington, collector.

Leguminosites convolutus, sp. nov.
PI. XLIV, Fig. 4.

Leaf small, partly convolute, subcoriaceous, lanceolate, rounded at '
base and apex; primary nerve thick, nearly equal for its whole length;
secondaries thin, numerous, parallel, except the lowest pair, which are at a
more acute angle of divergence, camptodi-ome.

There is only one fragmentary leaf, partly involute, of this species. It
is 4"" long, 15°"" broad near the base, and has eight or nine pairs of second-
aries diverging 45°, or the lowest pair 35°. All are simple, scarcely curv-
ing until quite near to the borders, where they anastomose in simple bows.
The apex of the leaf is figm-ed as being rounded, as it is seen in its nearly
tubulose upper part. It may have been broken or creased and therefore
may be incorrectly represented. Nevertheless, by its basilar form and its
nervation, the relation of the leaf is marked essentially with the Legumi-
nosse, for example with Cassia phaseolites Heer^, which has leaves often
obtuse at base and apex and an analogous kind of nervation, the median
nerve being also generally thick and equal for its whole length. This leaf
might also be compared as to its form and size to species of Andromeda,
but the leaves of this genus have the secondaries generally parallel and
more curved in traversing the blade.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 704 of the musemn of the
University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

'Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, p. 119, PI. cxxxvil, Fig. 57.

=^F1. Tert. Helv., vol. 'A, p. 119, PI. cxxxvii, Figs. 66, 67 ; PI. cxxxvm. Figs. 1-12.

152 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GKOUP.

Legximinosites ctjlteifoemts Lesq

Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 86, PI. x, Fig. 4.

Legcminosites insularis Heer.
PI. LIV, Fig. 4.

Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, Abtb. 2, p. 103, PI. XLiv, Fig. 6.

Leaflets small, oval, acute at apex, entire, inequilateral at base; midrib
strong; secondaries numerous, camptodrome.

This leaf differs from that of Heer merely by the pointed apex, at least
according to the description, for though the author says that the leaf is
slightly obtuse, there is little difference in comparing the figures. As tlwi
leaf is slightly larger, the secondaries are more numerous, nine pairs instead
of seven, but their character is exactly the same as well as their direction and
their degree of divergence from the midrib (40°); they are much curved in
traversing the leaf.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2725 of the U. S. National
Museum.

Leguminosites htmenophtllus, sp. nov.
PI. LV, Figs. 7-9; PI. LVl. Fig. 3.

Leaves apparently large, consisting of one to several pairs of alternate,
oblong-lanceolate pinnules, which are obtuse or truucate-emarginate at
apex, aiul narrowed to the base; secondaries numerous, somewhat curved,
incumbent near the borders, camptodrome.

The numerous pinnules evidently belonging to this species, are very
similar to those of H. dakotense by form and size, being merel}" somewhat
larger and narrower, and apparently truncate- emarginate at apex. The
secondaries are more numerous, eleven to twelve pairs, slightly less oblique,
at an angle of 50°. The difference is apparently not great; they have, how-
ever, a longer common petiole with branches a little below the base of the
ultimate leaflets.

Habitat: Kansas.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 153

Legxjminosites PHi SEOLiTES ? Hcer.
PI. LV, Fig. 10. ,

Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, Abth. 2, p. 118, PI. xsxiv, Figs. 7-11,

Leaf short petiolate, elliptical, acuminate; secondaries emerging at an
acute angle of divergence, thin, parallel, curved, and camptodrome.

It is not certain that the specimen is referable to this species, which is
represented by eleven different leaflets by Heer. He describes the leaflet as
inequilateral. All are mere fragments, none being complete, and therefore it
is not possible to make a satisfactory comparison. The lower part of our
leaflet is oval, as in Fig. 9 of Heer's PI. xxxiv (loc. cit.); the secondaries
are of the same character, but the leaf from Kansas is narrowed upward into
a prolonged acumen and its base is equilateral. For this, however, the
figures of Heer do not appear inequilateral.

Habitat: Kansas.

Inga ceetacea, sp. nov.*
PI. LV, Fig. 11.

Leaves long, narrowly lanceolate, gradually acuminate, narrowed at
base to a short petiole ; midrib narrow ; secondaries oblique, mostly opposite,
camptodrome.

This leaf, which is preserved entire, is 9"" long and 2"" broad below
the middle, has a short, thick petiole 1™ long, is unequal on the sides, and has
about fourteen pairs of very oblique secondaries diverging 30° from the
midrib and a little curved in passing toward the borders, which they follow
in simple festoons. This leaf might be compared to many species of Legu-
minosites. But the more closely related of those recognized in a fossil state
is I. Icari Ung. (Fl. v. Kumi, p. 63, PI. xvi, Fig. 10). There is opposed for
comparison a specimen of the living I. semkilafa Mart.

The leaf from the Dakota Group is a little narrower and the seconda-
ries are at a more acute angle of divergence. A number of Tertiary leaves
referred by various authors to Cassia have also a great analog}' of character
with this one, being, however, generally shorter.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2767 of the U. 8. National
Museum.

1 This species was figured and desoribeil under the name of " LejMiKJHOsJ/es CT»(/m, sp. nov.," but
in a list of Dakota group plants purchased for the U. S. Geological Survey and sent by Prof. Lesque-
renx at a later date than that on which work on the manuscript occurred, the typo specimen is named
Inga cretacea. It is therefore clear that his intention was to change it from its problematical position
under Leguminosites to the more definite position under Inga, and I have done so. — F. H. K.

154 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Order ANACARDIACE^.

Tribe SPONDIE^E.

Rhus f Westii, sp. uov.'
PI. XXXVIII, Figs. 9, 10.

Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, enlarg'ed and rounded at the base ; sec-
ondaries parallel, oblique, camptodi-onie.

Two fragments of uncertain relation. The leaves, which taper ixpward
from the rounded base, are apparently acuminate, the secondaries being
simple, a little curved in traversing the blade, and anastomosing in simple
bows quite near the borders, diverging from the primary nerve at an angle
of 40° to 50°.

These fragments appear similar to the leaves of B. delefa Heer (Fl.
Tert. Helv., vol. 3, p. 83, PI. cxxvii. Fig. 8). But as the lower part of the
fragments of the leaves from Kansas is destroyed, their form is uncertain.
An appreciable difference is remarked in the more open secondaries of
Heer's species.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 513 and 514 of the museum
of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Rhus Uddeni, sp. nov.
PI. LVII, Fig. 2.

Leaves compound, pinnately di^^ded into coriaceous, opposite, sessile,
lanceolate, entire leaflets, the lower decurring along the main rachis into
narrow borders or wings; midrib strong; secondaries oblique, numerous,
simple, camptodrome.

The specimen represents a fragment of a compound leaf with three pairs
of opposite leaflets, attached to a main branch or rachis, winged as seen in its
upper part, the wing being mostly erased in the lower part, ^^'lnch is not
very well preserved. The upper leaflets are destroyed from the middle
up, but the forking of the midiib shows a division of the terminal leaflet
into two lobes like that seen in the preceding species. The secondaries,
which are 3°"" distant at the base, emerging from the midrib at an angle of
30°, are simple, parallel, equidistant, very strong, camptodi'ome, somewhat
curved in passing toward the borders.

'This species was named " Bhus amtigua, sp. nov.," by Prof. Lesquereux, but this specific name is
already preoccupied by the Bhus anibigua of Unger (Bot. Zeit., 1849, No. 19, p. 352, PI. v, Fig. 9), and
I have changed it to Bhus Weslii iu honor of the collector. — F. H. K.

DESCRIPTION OP SPECIES. 155

This species, like the preceding one, has a marked analogy with the
leaves of R. copallina L., the dwarf sumach of the northeastern part of the
United States, and allied species, especially R. virens Lindh., the leaves of
which are sometimes coriaceous. The form of its sessile, entire leaflets is
the same as well as the direction of the numerous secondaries.

Habitat: Kansas. Specimen presented to the U. S. National Museum
by J. A. Uddeu.

Ehus Powblliana, sp. nov.
PI. LVI, Figs. 4, 5.

Leaves large, compound, lanceolate, alternately divided into petiolate
lanceolate, blunt-pointed leaflets of thin texture, the terminal larger, bilobate
from the middle, those of the lower pair also short lobate at the l^ase or
subdivided into narrower, shorter pinnules; primary nerves thick; second-
aries simple, numerous, parallel, camptodrome; main rachis round, and like
the radii s of the pinnules, not winged.

The fragments preserved ai-e part of large, compound leaves, the best
of which, figured here, has three pairs of lateral pinnules with tlie terminal
one lobate. The pinnules are oblique, parallel, alternate, 2'"" to 3"'" distant,
at least 9™ to ll*"" long, 2™ to 2.5"™ broad at the middle, with borders
slightly undulate or repand. Tlie midribs are thick and pass downward
into a round petiole of the same thickness, about 1"™ long, cylindrical, not
winged. The secondaries emerge with the same angle of divergence of 30°,
and are somewhat curved in passing toward the borders, all being simple.

Tlie fragment (Fig. 5) is part of a much larger leaf of which only the
terminal leaflets remain, with the upper part of two lateral ones. It lias the
same character, the terminal leaflet being bilobate in the upper part by the
forking of the midrib near the base.

This fine species is related to R. juglandogene Ett., as figured by Saporta
in Etudes, vol. 2, PL xiii, Fig. 2b, the leaves of which are, however, sessile
and dentate.

On this last quotation Schimper remarks that tlie leaves appear rather
to be those of a Sapindus, especially cm account of tlieir entire liorders.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2691 of tlie U. 8. National
Museum.

156 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Anacaedites ANTiQirus, ep. nov.
PI. LVII, Fig. 1.

Leaf large, coriaceous, oblong, pointed, rounded and abruptly nar-
rowed at base to the niidi-ib, petiolate; midrib solid; secondaries thick, close,
parallel, the lowest at right angles, the upper gradually more oblique, craspe-
dodrome.

A mere fragment, but very distinct and well preserved on account of
the hard, coriaceous substance of the leaf It is 9*"" long, .5'^™ broad, and
has eleven pairs of alternate secondaries about l.S""" distant, some of them
being variable in distance and more or less oblique to the midrib, according
to their position, almost all forking once near the borders. The stout mid-
rib is straight and descends as a solid petiole, broken 2™ below the base of
the leaf.

A more distinct point of affinity with this leaf is found in species of
Anaphrenium, figured in Ettingshausen's Blattskelete der Dikotyledonen,
one of which, A. longifolium Bernli.,^ though a smaller leaf, appears to repre-
sent the essential character of the fragment of the Dakota Group, the leaf
being small, linear oblong, obtuse at base and apex, and has strong second-
aries at right angles and at a short distance, forking once near the borders
and aerodrome.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2764 of the U. S. National
Museum.

Order ACERACEiE.

Negundoides acutifolius Lesq.

Gret. FL, p. 97, PI. xxi, Fig. 5.

ACEEITES MULTIFORMIS, Sp. nOV.

PI. XXXIV, Figs. 1-9.

Leaves subcoriaceous, petioled, more or less distinctly tripalmately
lobed, cuneate, rounded or cordiform at base; lateral lo])es either long,
entire, obtuse, lobate-dentate at apex, or short and obtuse, open or oblique ;
median nerve a little thicker than the lateral ones, these much branching
outside and passing up to the points of the lobes; secondaries emerging far
al)ove the primaries, more or less distant, parallel, curved and camptodrome
like the branches of the primaries; nervilles distinct, at right angles to the
nerves, broken or interrupted at the middle.

' Loc. cit., p. 179, PI. Lxxvil, Fig. 10.

DESCEIPTION OF SPECIES. 157

The form aud size of these leaves is so variable that at first sight they
appear referable to tlaree or four diiferent species. But in compariug the
characters in each of the leaves it does not seem possible to separate them.
In all of them the lateral primary nerves are supra-basilar, having a pair of
thin, marginal veiulets underneath and distinct, except in Fig. 9. The
lobes, passing from those of the longer leaves (Figs. 1 and 2), where they
are very short and very obtuse, become longer and more open in Fig. 4,
and still longer and narrower in Figs. 3, 6, and 7, then enlarged at their
outer end, and there lobed, as in Fig. 5.

The nervation being the same in all the leaves, the outlines are so
gradualh' modified that the separation of one of them would necessitate
the admission of a specific name for each.

The most distinct in form are those of Figs. 8 and 9. Fig. 8, although
of the same type of nervation as the others, is, from the teeth of the upper
part, perhaps nearer to Parrotia grandidentata of PI. XX, but the nervation
is different. Fig. 9 has the secondaries basilar and no traces of a thin nerve
underneath. But the base of the leaf is curved into the stone and the g'en-
eral character is the same as in Figs. 1 and 2. Differences of this kind are
often remarked in the leaves of living species of Acer.

The relation of this leaf is marked with Acer aiitiqimmlLtt.,^ a leaf in
which the lateral primaries emerge from the base, though the subdivision of
the lobes is of the same character as in Fig. 7 of our plate. The author
compares his leaf to A. dedpiens Heer,^ a species with trilobate leaves, and
entire, acute or acuminate lobes, the primary nervation basilar. Possibly
the supra-basilar nervation of these leaves might be considered as against
the reference of this species to Acer; but the same disposition is observed
in the primary nerves of a number of species of the genus in A. pseudo
nmispessulaiium Ung. (Chlor. Prot., PI. xliii. Fig. 2), A. pseudocampestre Ung.
(ibid., Fig. 7), A. oUiisUobum Ung. (ibid., Fig. 12), species which have entire
leaves and like the Cretaceous leaves, sometimes a thin pair of basal nerves
under the primaries. Still the same character is seen in many of the leaves
figured by Heer in his Fl. Tert. Helv., and especially in A. indivisum Web.
(Tertiarfl. Niederrh. Braunkohlenform., PI. v, Fig. 2), and A. vitifolium Lud-
wig (Foss. Pfl. Rhein.-Wett. Tertiar-Form., PI. lii, Fig. 1). Hence the
supra-basilar distribution of the lateral primaries can not eliminate these
leaves from the genus Acer. It is true that as yet, with the exception of

' Kreidefl.'v. Niederscboena, p. 259, PI. iii, Fig. 17.

2F1. Tert. Eelv., vol. 3, p. .58, PI. cxvii, Figs. 15-22; Pi, CLv, Fig. 12.

158 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Ettino-sliauseuV species, which st)rae botanists consider as of liypothetical
reference, no leaf of Acer has been described from tlie Genonianian. But
before the phxnts of the Dakota Group and those of the Cretaceous of
Greeuhmd had been discovered, the same remark couhl have been made
with reference to most of the genera now well ascertained in that forma-
tion. A closely allied genus, Sapindus, is represented by different species
in the Cenomanian of Greenland and of North America, and I do not see
why the origin of the genus Acer could not be admitted as possible in that
formation.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. Nos. 4078, 4079,
4080, 4082, etc., of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Order SAPINDACE^.

Tribe SAPINDEyE.

Sapindus Moreisoni Lesq.
PI. XXXV, Figs. 1, 2.

Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 83, PI. xvi, Figs. 1, 2; Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, Abth. 3,
p. 96, PI. XL, Fig. 1 ; PI. XLI, Fig. 3 ; PI. XLlii, Figs, la, b ; PI. XLiv, Figs. 7, 8.

Leaves compound, pinnate; leaflets subcoriaceous, entire, lanceolate,
unequal at the round, cuneate base; secondaries numerous, curved, camp-
todrome.

The two leaves figured here are slightly smaller than those in Cret. and
Tert. Fl. (loc. cit.), but of the same character. The difference in size is more
marked in the leaves figured by Heer, especially in those of PI. xliv, Figs.
7, 8. S. prodromus Heer^ has the leaves smaller, subfalcate, and the second-
aries closer and more numerous.

Habitat : Pipe Creek, Cloud County, Kansas. Nos. 4087 and 4094 of
the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Sapindus diversifolius, sp. nov.
PI. LXIV, Fig. 18.

Leaflets very variable in size and form, short, oval, obtuse or lanceolate
from above the middle, 4'='" to 11™ long, 2™ to 6™ broad, the largest appar-
ently terminal and obovate, all with borders entire; strongly nerved; midi-ib

1 Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 117, PI. xxxiv, Fig. 5 ; vol. 6, Abth. 2, p. 96, PI. xxv, Fig. 5b ;
Pl. XXVI, Fig. 5a.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 159

stout and broad; secondaries at an open angle of divergence, distinctly
camptodi'Oine and curved in traversing the lamina. The species is closely
allied to 8. apiciplatus Velen. (Fl. bohm. Kreide., pt. 3, PI. vii, Figs. 1-8).

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 721 of the collection of Mr.
R. D. Lacoe.

Order AMPELIDACE^.
Tribe AMPELIDE.^E.

CiSSITES INGENS, Sp. nOV.
PL XIX, Figs. 2, 2a.

Leaves large, palmately deeply tri-five lobate; lateral lobes broad,
lobateand dentate; the median short, enlarged above, simply dentate; divis-
ions acute; primary nerves, three or five, thick, the lateral forking near the
base or branching above -into thinner tertiaries, all the divisions ascending
to the teeth.

Some of the leaves, as seen from the fragment (Fig. 2a), which is only
a lateral lobe, were at least 28*"" to 80™ in width between the extremities of
the lateral lobes. The smaller leaf (Fig. 2), preserved entire, differs in the
lateral primaries joining the petiole by their base and not forking above it.

The species is of the same type as C. formosus Heer, described below,
C. insignis Heer^ and G. puilasokensis Heer'^ described from Puilasok, a
Miocene stage. It has also a degree of relation to Cissus vitifolia Velen.'

Of these species it differs essentially in the size and the acute form of
the divisions or teeth of the leaves and by the position of the lateral pri-
maries near the basal border of the leaves, which in all those described by
Heer join the median nerve at right angles as in C. formusus (PI. XXI, Fig. 5).

This character was apparently the same in the large fragment which is
represented in Fig. 2a, the lateral primaries branching above then- points of
union to the median nerve and joining it above its base.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 591 of the collection of the
University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector. No. 2737 of the U. S. National
Museum.

'Phyll. Cr^t. d« N6br., p. 19, PI. ii. Figs, 'i, 4.
= F1. Foas. Arct., vol. 7, p. 119, PI. cvii, Figs. 8-10.
3pi. bohm. Kreide., pt. 3, PI. ii, Fig. 6.

160 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GKOUP.

CiSSlTES INGENS LciSq. var. parvifolia, n. var.
PI. LVII, Figs. 3, 4.

These two leaves represent a small form of the species. Though hav-
ing evidently the same general characters, Fig. 2, PI. XIX, shows the union
of the primar}^ nerves at a point far above the basal border of the leaf and
the lobes and their subdivisions are broader and shorter.

Fig. 3 has the lobes narrower, more deeply cut, the nervilles oblique
and more distinct, and the union of the primaries above the base of the leaf.
The fragment 2a of PI. XIX appears to have had the point of union of the
primaries still higher than Fig. 2, or as it is in the reconstructed figure of
C. formosiis Heer (Fl. Foss. Ai-ct, vol. 6, Abth. 2, Pi. xxi, Fig. 8). The
numerous leaves of C. ingens show this disposition to be merely casual.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2737 of the U. S. National
Museum.

CiSSITES ALATUS, Sp. IIOV.*

PI. XXIII, Fig. 6.

Leaf small, thickish, with smooth surface, deeply palmately trilobate;
lateral lobes at right angles, long-obovate or enlai'ged to an obtuse apex,
the median nerve broader and shorter, enlarged, truncate and obtuseh'
short trilobate at apex; primary nerves palmately tritid, the lateral supra-
basilar, nearly at right angles, branching on both sides; secondaries at a
distance from the primary ones, two or three pairs entering the upper lobes,
all branching hke the lateral primaries in camptodi'ome divisions.

The form of this leaf is i-emarkable, being like a combination of Aralia
with Liriodeuch'on or with Platanus, like P. obtusiloba Lesq. (Cret. FL, PI.
VII, J^'ig. 3), having the same character of nervation and about the same
disposition of the lobes as this last species. The basilar lobes are, however,
much longer, and the apex of the leaf is enlarged and trilobed, presenting
altogether the facies and the essential characters of C. fonnosus Heer, as
figm-ed on PI. XXIII, Fig. 6 (loc. cit.).

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4034 of tlie
collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

'This species was later compared by Prof. Lesquereux to Liriodendroii Gardneii Sap. (Origine Pal.
des arbres cult, ou utilisiSs par I'hoiume, p. 269, text, Fig. 1), but there is no further indication that he
intended to transfer it to Liriodendron. A comparison of the two figures shows a very great similarity,
the principal difference being the supra-basilar position of the lateral primaries in C. alatns. — F. H. K..

DESORIPTION OF SPECIES. 161

CissiTES FOKMosus Hecr.
PI. XXI, Fig. 5.

Fl. Fobs. Arct., vol. 6, Abth. 2, p. 85, PI. xxi, Figs. 5-8.

Leaves palmately, deeply trilobate, entire; median lobe contracted in
the middle, trilobate; lobes obtuse.

This is the description of Heer, who had seen only small fragments of
this species, but has reconstructed a fine, whole leaf according to the char-
acters of the fragments. The part we have now is far better preserved than
any of those figured by Heer. The median nerve is thick, with two pri-
mary, opposite, lateral, supra-basilar.nei-A^es, one of which is forked quite
near its base, and the lobe is accordingly bilobate ; the other is simple,
undi^dded, and the lobe entire. The upper lobe is enlarged and evidently
divided into three small lobes on each side; at least it has tln-ee pairs of thin
secondary nerves, which ascend obliquely, but sti'aight, one of them reach-
ing the point of a small lobe or round tooth. Except these three pairs of
secondaries in the upper part of the leaf there is no nervation marked above
or below the primaries. On the contrary, in Heer's specimen the second-
aries appear much lower, as low as the sinuses, and in ascending form
apparently successive lobes on the side of the upper division, which is thus
more elongated than it could be in our leaf, which differs also by having
the lateral lobes less oblique, nearly at right angles to the median nerve,
and the sinuses broader.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 9 of the museum of the
University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington.

CiSSITES OBTXISILOBUS, Sp. nOV.^

PI. XXXIII, Fig. 5.

Leaf small, thickish, fan-shaped or semilunar, rounded to a long petiole,
abi'uptly decurring to it at its very base, subtruncate and obtusely short-
lobate or rather undulate at apex, palmately trinerved from above the base,
with two pairs of secondary nerves parallel; crasj)edodrome.

The leaf has a close affinity of characters with C. harkerianus Lesq.
(Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 67, PI. in, Figs. 3, 4). It might possibly be consid-
ered a form allied to C. Heerii Lesq. (Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 68, PL v. Fig. 2).

'Prof. Lesquereux wrote later of this species as follows : " Velenovsky iq hisFlura bohm. Kreide-
formation, pt. 2, PI. vi, Fig. 2, has a figure like this {Cissites obtusilobtis, sp. uov., PL xxxiii, Fig. .5),
SkoA has named it Liriodeiidron Celakovakii ; it essentially differs by the lateral primaries being bas-
ilar."—F. H. K.

MON XVII 11

162 THE FLOKA OF THE DAKOTA GKOUP.

It is 3"° loug from the top of the petiole to that of the median nerve and
nearly 5"" broad between the lateral, obtuse lobes, subemarginate by con-
traction of the lauihia at the apices of the primary nerves. The petiole is
2""" long; the secondaries, of which there are two pairs, are thin, opposite,
the upper ones corresponding to the intermediate, short, obtuse, subapicial
lobes. There is at the base a very thin, marginal nerve following the bor-
ders, with which lower, thin branches of the primaries, like nervilles, anas-
tomose, forming a continuous series of bows along the lower borders.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 48 of the collection of the
University of Kansas; A. WelUngtou, collector.

CiSSITES POPULOIDES, Sp. nOV.

PI. XVIII, Fig. 12-14.

Leaves thin, comparatively small, ovate or broadly cuneiform, subcor-
date at the base, obtuse, entire, long petioled; nervation subtripalmatifid
from the base; median nerve thick; lateral primaries thin, branching on the
under side, parallel to the secondaries, of which there are four or five pairs,
equidistant, opposite, simple or forking near the borders, subcraspedodrome.

The leaves are from 2.5"" to A""" long and from 3"" to 3.5"=" broad, en-
larged above the base, rounded to the apex or oblong and obtuse, with a
petiole 1"" long, appearing broken. The angle of divergence of the nerve
is 50°.

This species has the peculiar nervation of the Cretaceous leaves referred
to Populites. The nervation is apparently tripahnate, but the primary lat-
eral nerves are quite thin, like the secondaries, and merely differ from them
by their position and their branches. The nervation is craspedodrome, but
the nerves, which are simple or forking near the borders, are not quite dis-
tinctly seen entering them, but vanishing to them as in species of Cissites.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. Nos. 4137 and 4183
of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Cissites Bkownii Lesq.
PI. XYIII, Fig. 11.

Geol. Eept. of Minnesota, by Prof. N. H. Winchell (unedited).

Leaves coriaceous, oval, angularly undulate or sublobate, entire, obtuse
at apex; broadly cuneate at base and joining the petiole by a short, inward
cm-ve, penninerved. Primary nerves straight, half cylindrical; secondaries
half open, alternate, parallel, rigid, scarcely curved in traversing the blade,

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 163

forking near the borders, craspedodrome with their divisions ; nervilles deep,
at right angles to the nerves; areolation small, quadrate, very distinct.

Though the shape and the dimensions of the leaves are variable, the pe-
culiar type of nervation remains the same in all the leaves I have seen of
this species. The lateral primaries are joined to the median nerve at a short
distance above the basal borders of the leaves; the secondaries are compara-
tively numerous, consisting of seven pairs, in a leaf a little more than 6*""
long, diverging 30° or 40° and forking once or twice quite near the borders.
In some specimens the lateral primaries are ramose on the lower side.

The leaves of this species have a degree of relation to those of G.
Nimrodi and C. aUcmtka Ett. (Flora v. Bilin, pt. 3, pp. 3, 4, PI. xl, Figs.
3-iO), at least in the character of the nervation, and especially to Figs. 7 and
8 (loc. cit.), but the secondaries are less numerous, and though the shape of
the leaves is quite variable, none of those figured are comparable to that of
our plate.

Habitat: Kansas, Minnesota, etc. No. 4173 of the collection of Mr. R.
I). Lacoe. The leaf is similar to that figured from Prof. N. H. Winchell's
collection.

CiSSITES ACERIFOLIUS, Sp. nOV.

PI. LVIII, Fig. 1.

Leaf of medium size, thickish, regularly five-lobed and paliTiately five-
nerved from the base,, the upper or terminal lobe ovate, blunt pointed;
ujjper lateral oblique, somewhat long, blunt pointed, the lower short angu-
lar ; midrib and upper lateral primaries of medium size branching, the
branches curved and camptodrome, lower primai'ies, thin, simple.

The leaf is ovate-cordate in outline, five-nerved from the top of the
petiole and five-lobed, the lobes quite entire, the lower or basilar ones curv-
ing down and rounding lower than the top of the ^^etiole, forming thus a
deeply emarginate or cordate leaf

The median and the upper lateral nerves are stronger and obliquely
branching, with secondaries oblique, straight or curved; no trace of areola-
tion is seen.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2750 of the U. S. National
Museum.

IQ^ THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

CiSSITES DENTATO-LOBATUS, Sp. nOV.
PI. LXVI, Fig. 4.

Leaf cordate in outline, enlarged in the lower part, irregularly dentate-
lobate, trilobate above the middle, the lobes irregular, enlarged above,
obtusely dentate or irregularly lobed toward the apex ; median lobe pro-
louo-ed upward; narrowed in the middle toward the obtuse sinuses.

This leaf is very pecuhar in its multiple division. It is 9°'" long, 8*""
broad near the base, trilobate from the middle, the two lateral lobes broader,
one of them pai-tly dentate and lobed, the other four or five deeply, obtusely
lobed, the middle narrower and enlarged above, and these irregularly divided
into five obtuse, short lobes, one only obliquely prolonged. The peculiar
form of the leaf can not be understood without figures. It has a distant
aflinitv to the fragment described as Cissiis vitifoUa Velen. (Flora bolun.
Kreidefl., pt. 3, p. 8, PI. ii, Fig. 6).

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 660 of the collection of Mr.

R. D. Lacoe.

CiSSITES SALISBURI^FOLIXJS Lesq.

Sassafras obtusum Lesq., Cret. FL, p. 81, PI. sm. Figs. 2, 3.

Populites salisburiaf alius Lesq., Am. Jouru. of Sci. and Arts, ser. 2, vol. 46, 1868, p. 94.

CiSSITES HABKERIANTJS Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 67, PI. iii, Figs. 3, 4.

Sassafras (Araliopsis) harlcerianum Lesq., Cret. Fl., p. 81, P1..XI, Figs. 3, 4; PI. xxvii,
Fig. 2. Haydeu's Ann. Kept., 1874, p. 352, PI. Vii, Figs. 1, 2.

CiSSITES AFFiNis Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 67.

Platanus affinis Lesq., Cret. FL, p. 71, PI. iv, Fig. 4.

CiSSITES ACUMiNATUS Lesq.

Hayden'8 Ann. Eept., 1874, p. 353, PI. viii, Fig. 1; Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 67, PI. V,

Figs. 3, 4.

CiSSITES Heeeii Lesq.

Hayden'8 Ann. Kept., 1874, p. 353, PI. vi. Fig. 3; Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 68, PI. v,

Fig. 2.

AMPELOPHYLLUM ATTENTJATITM Lesq.

Hayden's Ann. Eept., 1874, p. 354, PI. ii. Fig. 3; Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 68, PL ii. Fig. 2.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 165

Ampelophtllum ovatiim Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. PL, p. 69 ; Hayden's Ann. Rept., 1874, p. 355.
Celtis ? ovata Lesq., Cret. FL, p. 66, PI. iv. Figs. 2, 3.

Order RHAMNE^.
Tribe ZIZYPHE.^e.

PALITJBITS CRETACEtTS, Sp. nOV.
PI. XXXV, Fig. 3.

Leaves subcorlaceous, broadly rhomboidal, rounded, undulate above,
narrowed to the base, triplenerved; lateral primaries basilar, oblique,
straight to near the apex, with few branches; secondaries, two pairs, alter-
nate, open at a great distance from the base.

The leaf, which is 5"" long and 4*=" broad, is undulate from the middle
upward, cuneate to the base, with the median nerve a little stronger than
the lateral ones, which ascend to the borders at an angle of 20° from the
median nerve. The relation of this species is with P. affinis Heer (Fl. Foss.
Arct, vol. 7, p. 42, PI. lxii, Figs. 16-1^). Heer's Fig. 16 (loc. cit.), repre-
sents a leaf from Patoot which is finely preserved with its petiole. The
leaf from the Dakota Group differs from it by the more enlarged obtuse
shape, and the less numerous branches of the lateral primai-ies.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4079 of the
collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Paliueus obovatus, sp. nov.
PI. XXXV, Fig. 6.

Leaves coriaceous, entire, obovate, rounded at apex, narrowly wedge-
form to the base, triplenerved, median nerve slightly thicker than the lateral
ones, excurrent into a short mucro; lateral primaries straight, oblique,
ascending to near the apex, with few branches; one of the secondaries only
visible, short, ciu-ved.

The leaf is 4"" long and 4''™ broad above the middle. It is as yet with-
out any known relation. As in the following species the primaries have
scarcely any branches and the place of the secondaries is indicated near
the apex by a single, short, curved one. From the nervation only the leaf
is comparable to P. temdfolms Heer^ of the Miocene, which has small oval

' Fl. Tert. Helv., vol 3, p. 76, PI. cxxil, Fig. 31.

166 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

or ovate leaves of thin texture. It has also a distant affinity to P. memhra-
naceiis Lesij.,' from which it diflfers by its texture and nervation.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4143 of the
collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Palixjrus ovalis Dawson.
PI. XXXV, Fig. 7.

Mesozoic Fl. Rocky Mouutain Region, Traus. Roy. Soc. Canada, sec. iv, 1885, p. 14,

PI. IV, Figs. 4, 8.

Leaf not thick, flat, exactly elliptical, blunt at the base and the apex,
triple nerved; median nerve thick, percurrent; lateral primaries short, close
to the borders, slightly curved, reaching to half the leaf, effaced there,
simple or scarcely branching.

The leaf, which is 4.5™ long and 2"™ bi'oad, apparently does not differ
from that from Canada (Fig. 4, loc. cit.). But the author says of the leaves
that they are coriaceous, while the one figured here appears rather thin.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of r)elphos, Kansas. No. 4142 of the
collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Paliurxts anceps, sp. nov.
PI. XXXV, Fig. 4.

Leaves subcoriaceous, ovate, tapering upward to a blunt apex, nar-
rowed in rounding to the base, triple or obscurely five-nerved; primary
lateral nerves oblique, straight, and reaching the borders above the middle;
secondaries two pairs, opposite, camptodi'ome.

The leaf is comparable to that of the following species, from which it
differs by the absence of the lateral lobes and of tertiary nervilles; by the
few secondaries, only two pairs, and bv a very thin basilar vein, which,
though not very distinct, is traced upon the figure quite near and alolig the
border. It is also a little larger ; but as it has the same texture and the
same general appearance, it may be a peculiar form of the same.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4141 of the
collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

. . 1 Cret. Fl., p. 108, PI. xx, Fig. ti.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 167

Paliuevs membranaceus Lesq.
PI. XXXV, Fig. 5.
Cret. PL, p. 108, PI. xx, Pig. 6.

Leaf small, subcoriaceous or membi-anous, oval, obtusely pointed,
short-obtusely lobate near the apex, narrowed-cuneiform to the base, triple
nerved; lateral primaries strong, oblique, ascending to the lobes, branching
outside, anastomosing, with nervilles at right angles from the median nerve ;
secondaries consisting of four pairs, proximate, camptodrome.

Perhaps this leaf represents a different species from that in Ci'et. Fl.
(loc. cit.). It is a little smaller, less broadly obtuse at the apex, has the
two small lateral lobes more marked and the base more narrowly cuneate.
Though these differences may be observed, the secondary nervation being
of the same type and the presence or absence of upper lateral small lobes
or teeth being frequently observed in species of this genus, as for instance
in P. Colombi Heer, of which the numerous figures show more marked differ-
ences than are seen between these two Cretaceous leaves, it seems right to
refer them to the same species.

Habitat: Pipe Creek, Cloud County, Kansas. No. 4068 of the collec-
tion of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

ZlZYPHUS DAKOTENSIS, Sp. nOV.

PI. XXXVI, Figs. 4-7.

Leaves subcoriaceous, petioled, narrowly elliptical, rounded or decur-
ring at base in narrowing to the petiole, tapering upward to an acute apex,
equilateral, distantly, sparingly dentate on the borders; five-nerved from
the base. There are four fragments of leaves, one preserved nearly entire,
7.5""' long, 15"™ broad below the middle, the others much larger, the upper
part destroyed, being about twice as long, 2.5'=" broad. The teeth of the
borders are distant, cut at right angles and blunt at apex. The median
nerve, which is enlarged at base to a petiole nearly 2""" long, is compara-
tively long, the inner lateral nerves being distinct though thin, ascending to
two-thirds the length of the leaves, parallel to the borders, branching outside
in very thin tertiaries, anastomosing in areoles with an outer, shorter mar-
ginal nerve, joined by very thin inside nervilles, transversely passing out
from the midi'ib.

This fine species has no close analogy with any of the published fossil
species, the nearest relative being Z. undidatus Ett.\ representing in three

>F1. V. Sagor, pt. 2, p. 196, PI. xvi, Figs. 4-6.

IQQ THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

frao:raents a long, lanceolate acuminate leaf, differing- especially in the bor-
ders, which are merely undulate, and the lateral pi-imaries, ^\'hic'h are more
distant from the midrib and distinctly aerodrome. Z. Unger'i Heer^ and Z.
ovatits AVeb.^ are also related to this species.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 84, 84a, 730, and 1000 of
the nmseum of the University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington and
E. P. West.

Tribe RHAMNE^E.

Ehamnus stmilis, sp. nov.
PI. XXXY, Figs. 1% 13.

Leaves coriaceous, entire, lanceolate, gradually narrowed to the base,
and more abruptly in the upper part to a blunt apex; nervation deeply
marked, median nerve strong ; secondaries at an acute angle of divergence,
unbent but curving close to the borders, camptodi-ome.

The leaves are about 9""" long and S'^" broad at the middle, and are
thick, with recurved borders;, the secondaries are numerous, parallel,
equidistant, with few branches, passing straight toward the borders at an
angle of divergence of 30°, and curve abruptly along them, witli close,
broken nervilles at right angles. The leaves are much like those of 11.
redinervis Heer,^ merely differing in the borders being entire, the coriaceous
texture with the secondaries less distant and thus more numerous. They
have als(i a marked attinity to those of the living Frangula caroliniana Gray,
by their form and by the recurved borders ; and still, by the closeness of
the secondaries, to those of B. Pitrshiamis DC. A degree of relation is also
remarked with what Dunker has published in Palaeontographica, vol. 4,
1859, p. 182, PI. XXXIV, Fig. 3, as Cytisiis cretaceus, a species with leaves of
the same size and form as that of Fig. 12, with secondaries close, parallel,
but curved in passing toward the borders.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 209 and 210 of the collec-
tion of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

' Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, PI. cxxii, Figs. 25, a5b,
= Palaeontogr., vol. 6, p. 141, PI. LViii, Fig. 13.
3 Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, p. 80, PI. cxxv, Figs. 2-6.

DESCRIPTION OP SPECIES. 169

Ehamnxjs prunifolius Lesq.'
PI. XXXV, Fig. 14,
Cret. and Tert. PI., p. 85.

Leaves small, subcoriaceous, ovate-lanceolate, rounded in narrowing to
the base, entire, acute or acuminate (point broken) ; median nerve thick,
straight; secondaries numerous, twelve to fifteen pairs, parallel, campto-
drome.

Of this species I have seen only the fragment figured. It represents a
leaf .5°'" to 6"™ long, 2.5™ broad at the middle, with numerous secondaries
diverging at an angle of 50° to 60° at their base, much curved in travers-
ing the blade, arched close to the borders, forming a simple series of bows
by anastomosing upon each other, and obliquely cut by transverse, close,
distinct, mostly simple, and continuous nervilles, at right angles to the
midrib.

The leaf is comparable to Salix nerviJlosa Heer,^ especially for the
direction of the close, simple ner^nlles. But this last leaf has the second-
aries comparatively more distant, somewhat branched, especially at a more
acute angle of divergence, and the leaf, which is more narrowly lanceolate,
is narrowl}^ cuneiform to the base. By the same character it has a degree
of likeness to that of Fieus psidiopsis Massal.,^ differing from it in the leaves
not being subcordate Ijut attenuated at the base and the secondaries without
brandies.

Habitat : Kansas. No. 479 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology
of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Ehamnus MTJDaEi, sp. nov.
PI. XXXVI r, Figs. 2, 3.

Leaves coriaceous, oval, rounded and pointed to the apiculate apex,
narrowing to a short, thick petiole by an outward curve: secondaries numer-
ous, parallel, a little curved in passing to the borders, camptodrome.

Two leaves varying in length from 4.5"" to 7"'", and from 2*"" to 3™'
broad at the middle, with entire borders; primary nerve stout, enlarged at

' No. 709 of the collection of Mr. E. D. Lacoe was referred to this species by Prof. Lesqnereux with
tlie following remarks: " Rliamnus prunifolius Lesq., No. 709 of Liicoe's collection, is a leaf of this
species. It is a little larger, more narrowed to the base ; the secoudaries at a slightly more acute angle
of divergence, some of themflexuons, turning downward at base in joining the midrib. The nervilies
are of a normal position, at right angles to the midrib." — F. H. K.

^Phyll. Cr6t. du N6br., p. 15, PI. i, Fig. 3.

■' Massalougo and Scarabelli, Fl. Foss. Senigall., p. 229, PI. I, Figs. 15, 16; Pi. xxvi, Fi». 2.

170 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

base to a short petiole; secoudaries consisting of ten to twelve pairs diverg-
ing at an angle of 50° to 55° from the midi'ib, a little curving in trav-
ersing the blade, arched along and near the borders without osculating in
festoons.

I have no point of comparison for these leaves. The nervation is much
like that of B. tenax Lesq., but the leaves have a far different aspect and
the angle of divergence of the secondaries is twice as broad.

Habitat: EUswoi'th County, Kansas. Nos. 793 and 794 of the museum
of the University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Rhamnus tenax Lesq.
PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 6.
Oret. Fl., p. 109, PI. xxi, Fig. 4.

Tlie leaf is merely a little smaller than B. Mudgei described above, but
identical in all the characters.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 791 of the museum of the
University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Rhamnus in^quilateralis, sp. no v.
PI. XXXVII, Figs. 4-7.

Leaves subcoriaceous, entire, broadly or narrowly lanceolate, acumi-
nate, narrowed and decurring to a short petiole, inequilateral, curved to one
side or subfalcate; primary nerves nai'row; secoudaries at an acute angle
of divergence, camptodi'ome.

These leaves, though related to the following species, especially in
their nervation, are more variable in length, being from 3.5"'" to 8"'" long,
and from 1™ to 3.5"'" broad, tapering up to an acumen, attenuated to the
base in the same degree and slightly decurrent in reaching the petiole.
The secondaries, diverging at an angle of 20° to 25°, curve near the borders,
following them in anastomosing in a simple or double series of areoles; the
lowest pair being thin and marginal.

It is related to the following species, from which it is, however, distinct
by the form of the leaves and the nervation. It has also a marked degree
of affinity to B. oemngcnsis Al. Br., as it is represented in Heer's Fl. Tert.
Helv. (vol. 3, p. 78, PI. cxxiii, Fig. 31), at least by the form of the inequi-
lateral leaves and the acute diverg'ence of the secondaries, which, however,
are more ramose in the Cretaceous species. Its relation to Ficiis priinordi-

DESGEIPTION OF SPECIES. 17 1

alls Heer (Phyll. Cret. du Nebr., p. 16, PI. in, Fig. 1), may be mentioned,
although it is rather distant.

Habitat : EllsAvorth County, Kansas. Nos. 489, 502 and 580 of the
collection of the museimi of the University of Kansas. Collected by E.
P. West.

Ehamnus revoltjta, sp. nov.
PI. LXV, Fig. 5.

Leaf subcoriaceous, lanceolate, enlarged above the base, rounded to
the petiole; borders revolute to near the obtuse apex, entire; median nerve
broad at base, gradually narrowed to the apex, where it is nearly effaced;
secondaries oblique, strong, entire or rarely forking, straight in passing to
the borders, camptodrome.

The leaf, which is 6"°' long and 1.5™ broad above the base, has nine or
ten pairs of secondaries, all parallel, equidistant, at an angle of divergence
of 40° from the midrib, which passes to a strong, flat petiole, which is broken
quite near its point ®f union to the leaf. This species has no distinct rela-
tion to any other species of Rhamnus, except by its nervation.

The revolute borders do not allow a satisfactory examination of its
original form.

Habitat: Probably ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4175,
of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Rhamnites apictjlattjs, sp. nov.
PI. XXXyil, Pigs. 8-13.

Leaves small, coriaceous, short petioled, entire, ovate, obovate or ellip-
tical, rounded at apex to an apiculate point; primary nerve narrow, second-
aries thin, camptodi-ome, curving to and along the borders.

The general facies and characters of these leaves seem at first sight to
be the same as in tlie preceding. They J^ff-r, however, in the more or less
narrowly attenuated base, either acutei/ or broadly cimeiform, in the
rounded apex, tipped by a minute point or mucro. According- to the width
of the cuneate base the secondaries are at a more or less acute angle of di-
vergence, the lowest pairs branching and anastomosing in areoles along the
liorders, the upper more open, shorter and parallel. The size of the leaves
varies little, being from .3'"' to 4'"' in length, and from 17°"" to 25""' in width,
measured either above or below the middle; some of the leaves are obovate,
as in Fig. 10 ; others nearly regularly oval, as in Fig. 12; others still more
enlarged above the base and ovate, as in Figs. 8 and 13.

172 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

The relation of the.se leaves is remarkably well marked with those of
Blianmiis coluhrhiohles Ett. (Tert. Fl. v. Haring, p. 75, PL xxv, Figs. 3-5),
better represented in Heer's Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, p. 78, PI. cxxiii, Figs.
24-2G, in leaves of various sizes with a nervation of the same type.

Habitat : Ellsworth Coimty, Kansas. Nos. 437, 439, 534, 536, 796,
and 799 of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P.
West.

Order CELASTRINE^.

Celastrophyllum decukeens, sp. nov.
PI. XXXVI, Fig. 1.

Leaves subeoriaceous, large, lanceolate, gradually tapering upward
(point broken), narrowed and decuri-ing along the petiole, serrulate, median
nerve strong; secondaries very close, oblique, craspedodrome.

The leaf is IP" long and 4"°' broad above the base,, where it is enlarged,
mimitely serrate, the borders being notched with short equal teeth turned
upward, a mode of division which is very rare in leaves from the Dakota
Group. From below its broadest part it is narrowed and entire to the base
and decm'rent, forming a narrow rim along the petiole, which is 2"'" long.
In the upper part it tapers fo the apparently acuminate apex. The second-
aries are very close and very thin, 2""" distant, crossed by thin ner\'illes,
and forming a loose, square, or quadrangular areolation resemljling that of
some Cenomauian species of Ficus, especially F. atavina Heer (Fl. Foss.
Ai-ct, vol. 3, pt. 2, PL XXX, Figs. 3, 3b; vol. 6, Abth. 2, p. 69).

By its form, size, and serrate borders the species much resembles C.
lanceolatum Ett.,^ a fragment, of which both the lower and iipper part are
destroyed and which has the bor'ders more distantly serrate, the secondaries
twice as distant, though at th§. sq^jne angle of divergence of 40°, and the
same type of areolation; the iipJian nerve, however, is much thicker.
Another fragment iigured in Saporta and Marion' is referred to the same
species. It shows the teeth still larger than in Ettingshausen's figure, a far
different areolation, and a thick, short petiole slightly winged. That the
fi-agments from Gelinden may represent a different species from that from
Niederschoena, as the authors suppose, does not concern my present

'Kreideflora v. Niederschoena, p. 260, PI. iii, Fig. 9.

= V^S. Marnes Hears. Geliuden, PI. xil, Figs. 1, 2; and R^vis. Fl. Heers. Gelinden, PI. xiv. Fig. 2;
C Benedeni, Sap. & Mar.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 173

researches; certainly the leaf from Kansas, which is well preserved except
the apex, is another species related merely by the areolation, the texture of
the leaves, and the character of the serrate borders to the leaf from Nieder-
schoena, the teeth of which are, however, larger and more distant.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 97 of the museum of the
University of Kansas; A.Wellington, collector.

Celastrophyllum ? ENSiFOLiuM Lesq.

Cret. FL, p. 108, PI. xxi, Figs. 2, 3.

Celastkophyllttm cretaoeum, sp. nov.
PI. XXXVIIl, Figs. 12-14.

Leaves small, thickish, entire, elliptical or oblong, obtuse, gradually
narrowed to the base; primary nerve strong, percurrent; secondaries very
thin, mostl}^ obsolete, distant, parallel, very oblique, camptodrome.

A number of leaves, all of small size, but of the same character, are
foiuid preserved in nodules of the Dakota Group. They are somewhat
thick or of subcoriaceous texture, with borders reflexed, entire, varying in
size from 2^"" to 4*"" in length and from 9""' to 12"'" in width, the second-
aries being distant, parallel, slightly curved, diverging at an angle of 30°
to 35°.

In form and size these leaves resemble those of fossil species of Celas-
trus, Andromeda, or Calistemophyllum, described by authors. On account
of their likeness to the "leaves of different living genera, and the indefimite-
ness of their nervation, they remain of uncertain relation.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 643, 699, and 703 of the
museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Celastrophyllum obliquum, sp. nov.'
PI. LVII, Fig. 5.

Leaf small, coriaceous, apparently narrow from the round apex to the
base; midrib narrow, somewhat curved; secondaries very oblique, the
lowest apparently basilar, ascending parallel to the . borders, anastomosing
with those above by short branches at right angles.

The leaf is partly obscured by the embedding stone and its borders
are not distinctly seen. The fragment preserved is 4*^'" long and 1.5™ broad

' This species was named " Celmlrophyllani obovatum, sp. nov.", by Prof. Lesquerenx, but this spe-
cific name is preocciipiefl by the CelastrophiiV iim obovatum of Fontaine (Younger Mesoz. Fl Va., pp..
307, 330, PI. CLXXii, Figs. 9, 10), and X have therefore changed it to Celastrojphylluin qbliqimm. — F. H. K^

174 THE FLORA OP THE DAKOTA GROUP.

in the upper part, being' broken near tlie base and partly covered near the
ronnded apex. It has six pairs of secondaries at a very acnte angle of
divergence (10° to 15°), either straight or slightly curved in ascending,
camptodrome, some of the secondaries being connected by a short bvnnch
transversely anastomosing as seen in the secondary nervation of Cclastrm
Pyrr}i(B Ett.,' the only leaf to which I am able to compare the Cretaceous
leaf.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2811 of the U. S. National
Museum.

GELiSTROPHYLLUM MYESINOIDES, sp. nOV.
PI. LVII, Figs. 8, 9.

Leaves siibcoriaceous, lanceolate, entire or obtusely serrulate near the
apex, narrowed to the base and decurring to a short enlarged petiole; second-
aries numerous, camptodrome, parallel, at an acute angle of divergence.

These leaves vary from i*"" to 6*"" in length, l""" to 1.5*"" broad in the
widest part above the middle, have seven to eight pairs of secondaries, the
lowest diverging from the midrib at an angle of 25° to 30°, the upper
gradually less oblique; the surface is somewhat undulate by the impression
of the secondaries, but the borders are apparently entire.

In general form and nervation the leaves are closely related to those
figured and described by Heer as Mijrsine salicoides Al. Br., in his Fl. Tert.
Helv. (vol. 3, p. 17, PI. cm, Figs. 16-16b), but diifer in the entire borders,
and in having a broader, shorter petiole bordered by the base of the decur-
rent leaves. Of the two leaves communicated by Prof Al. Braun, as species
of Myrica, Heer remarks that the distribution of the secondaries prevents
their reference to the genus. They have, indeed, by all their characters a
more marked degree of relation with some species of Celastrus, such as
C. Acherontis Ett.,^ described by Heer (loc. cit.), PI. cxxi. Figs. 51, 52.
The Dakota Group leaves are most like those figured in the Bilin Flora.

Habitat: Kansas.

Gelasteophyllxjm crassipes, sp. nov.
PL LVII, Figs. 6, 7. ,

Leaves small, broadly oval or suborbicular, entire, short petioled; mid-
rib stout; secondaries parallel, cru'ved and camptodrome.

Two leaves of this species, one 4"" the other 2.5"™ in size both ways,

1 Flora V. Bilin, pt. 3, p. 33, PI. xxvui, Fig. 2X. . ^Ibid., Fig. 9.

DESOKIPTION OF SPECIES. 175

have a short, thick petiole V" long, euhirged at the point of attachment.
The secondaries, of which there are four or five pairs, are parallel, equi-
distant, and curve regularly from their point of attachment to the midril)
and follow the borders, either simple or branching; the nervilles and the
areolation are obsolete.

In foi'm the leaves are comparable to those of Celastrus minutulus Al.
Br., as figured in Heer's Fl. Tert. Helv. vol. 3, PI. cxxi. Fig. 42, but they
are much lax'ger; the nervation is that of C. Bruckmanm Al. Br., in Heer
(loc. cit), PI. CXXI, Fig. 27. The form and size of the leaf are about the
same as those of Myrsine antiqua Ung. (Syll., pt. 3, PI. vii, Fig. 7).

Habitat: Kansas.

EL^ODENDRON SPECIOSTJM, Sp. DOV.

PI. XXXVI, Figs. 2, 3.

Leaves coriaceous, rigid, linear-oblong, attenuated at the base, obtusely
dentate or regularly undulate repaud on the borders, entire toward the
base; primary nerve thick; secondaries inequidistant, obliquely diverging
from the median nerve, forking at or above the middle and ag-ain nearer to
the borders, flexuous, craspedodrome, with their divisions sometimes linked
at their ends.

There are three fragments of these leaves with the same characters.
The leaves are thick, the surface rugulose by a small quadrate or puncti-
form areolation; the secondaries strongly marked, diverging at an angle of
30° to 35° from the median nerve, flexuous, diversely branching near the bor-
ders, their divisions curving in an upward or downward direction and join-
ing the borders, which are either inflated or bordered by a marginal nerve.

The areas between the nerves are traversed lengthwise by very thin
nervilles anastomosing at. various angles, composing first irregular large
meshes filled by very small quadrate or punctiform areoles.

The nearest relation of the species is E. sagorianum Ett.,^ a Tertiary
species with the teeth of the border acute, the nervation more open, the
secondaries closer, equidistant, of a different character. The species from
Kansas has also in its nervation a degree of affinity to IE. australe Vent,,
figured by self-impressions in Ettingshausen's NeuhoU. Char. Eocenfl. Eur.,
p. 56, Fig. G8.

Habitat : Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 55 and 56 of the collection
of the museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington.

'Flora V, Sagor., pt, g, p. 194, PI, xvi, Figs. 16, 25.

176 THE FLOKA of the DAKOTA GROUP.

Order ILICINE^E.

Ilex borealis Heer.
PI. XXXV, Fig. 8.

Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, p. 39, PI. lxiv. Figs. 3, 4.

Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate, gradually narrowed to the acute base;
borders entii'e, undulate; median nerve rigid, narrow ; secondaries flexuous,
dissolving in the I'eticulation or curving at a distance from the borders.

This leaf has all the characters of the species described by Heer with
the following exception. Tlie author says of the borders of the leaves that
they are perfectly entire or denticulate. His Fig. 4 (loc. cit.) shows the
borders undulate and a fragment (Fig 3) has them minutely dentate in the
upper part. Fig. 4 is made like ours, from a specimen of whicli the upper
part is destroyed ; this difference, thei'efore, remarked, upon another more
fragmentary specimen can not be considered. Heer also describes the
median nerve as strong, but his figure does not show it broader than it is
in the leaf of the Dakota Group.

The preserved part of the leaf is 12'^°' long, 3"" broad; the secondaries,
at an angle of 50° to 55° from the midrib, are parallel and about equidis-
tant, some of them separated by shorter tertiaries, either parallel or at a
more open angle of divergence. Tlie ner\'illes are strong, flexuous, l^ranch-
ing or anastomosing at right angles. The specimens figured by Heer are
from Patoot, Greenland, where they occur with leaves of Liriodendron Meekii,
Sajjindiis Morrisoni, etc.

Habitat: Pipe Creek, Cloud Coimty, Kansas. No. 4096 of the col-
lection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Ilex aemata, sp. nov.
PI. XXIX, Fig. 8.

Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate, sharply pointed, narrowed and decurring
to the base; borders nearly entire, with few acute teeth; nervation pinnate,
camptodi'ome.

The form of this leaf is peculiar. It is naiTOwly lanceolate both ways,
but bears on each side a single prominent tooth, one near the base which is
short, blunt-pointed, at right angles to the border; the other erect, linear,
acuminate, placed in the upper part, on the opposite side of the leaf; both
entered by one secondary nerve which branches iinder them, the branches

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 177

passing above along the borders. The lower pairs of secondaries are at a
more acute angle of divergence than those above, which curve along the
borders in simple areoles; the thin nervilles are at right angles to the nerves,
flexuous and running downward. The leaf is 6.5'='" long, 2*"" broad at the
middle, the base being destroyed.

Except in its nervation, which is that of the genus, the species has no
nearer relative than the next.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 606 of the museum of the
University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Ilex papillosa, sp. nov.
PI. XXIX, Figs. 9, 10; PI. LVIII, Fig. 3.

Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate, sharply acuminate, and acutely dentate
on the borders ; teeth turned upward, papillose at apex; secondaries very
oblique, some entering the teeth, some curving in areoles near the borders ;
nervilles stroilg, at right angles to the nerves, broken at the middle by
transverse veinlets forming a large, quadi-angular or polygonal areolation.

The two fragments (PI. XXIX, Figs. 9, 10) which are preserved upon
the same piece of stone, represent a leaf of about the same size as that of
the preceding species. The apex is formed by a sharply acuminate tooth
similar to those of the borders, which are long, turned upward and marked
at the acute apex by a small, round black point or knob. The secondaries,
which are at an angle of divergence of 20° to 25°, are mixed, generally
craspedodrome, or some of the intermediate ones camptodi'ome, the nervilles
and areolation deeply marked.

As far as can be seen from the small fragmentary specimen (PL LVIII,
Fig. 3), whose surface is effaced by erosion, it represents tlie same species.
The papillae of the teeth are scarcely marked; the leaf is of thick texture;
the nervation only preserved for the secondaries, no trace of areolation
remaining visible.

The species has by its nervation and the division of its borders a degree
of affinity to /. dryandrcefolia Sap.,^ but greatly differing in the direction and
in the distribution of the teeth.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 1000 and 1091 of the
museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

' fitndea, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 89, PI. x, Fig. 8.
MON XVII 12

178 THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GEO UP.

Ilex dakotensis, sp. uov.
PL XXIX, Fig. 11.

Leaves small, coriaceoixs, lanceolate, tapering to the apex, narrowed to
the short petiole; median nerve narrow; secondaries very thin, mostly obso-
lete, camptodrome.

A very small leaf, of the same form and nervation as those of /. steno-
phylla Ung,, a species which is very common in the Miocene of Europe, and
is figured by various authors, especially by Unger in Syll., pt. 2, p. 14,
PI. Ill, Figs. 15-27. The leaves of the European species are a little larger,
more gradually naiTOwed to the petiole, obtuse or blunt pointed and not
acuminate. The nervation is of the same type that is distinctly repre-
sented in Fig. 23 (loc. cit). Therefore there is no other difference in the
chai-acter of the leaves than the apparently acuminate form of the Kansas
leaf.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 498 of the museum of the
University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Ilex steangulata Lesq.

Hayden's Ann. Eept., 1874, p. 359, PI. vii, Fig. 8; Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 84, PI. iii.

Fig. 7.

Ilex SctroDERi, sp. nov.
PI. LVIII, Fig. 2.

Leaves coriaceous, entire, lanceolate, polished on the surface; midrib
narrow; secondaries parallel, distant, much curved and camptodrome, at a
distance from the l^orders, which they follow in double areoles.

Only one leaf of this species has been observed as yet. It is 7°" to
gem long, with the apex destroyed, S"" broad at the middle, gradually nar-
rowed to a petiole 12"" long, slightly arched to one side, with eight pairs of
secondaries, the lower of which are thin, close and parallel to the borders,
at a slightly more acute angle of divergence, the others thick, gradually
more open; nervilles distinct, traversing the areas at various angles, and
composing large primary areoles.

This species is closely related in form and nervation to /. longifoUa
Heer, as figured in Fl. Foss. Arct. (vol. 2, pt. 4, PI. lvi. Fig. 1), differing
mostly by its entire borders. The secondaries, their mode of relative posi-
tion, and then- large bows along the borders, are of the same character.

DESCKIPTION OF SPECIES. 179

The leaf is also related by its nervation, its form and coriaceous texture,
and its petiole, to Bignonia capreolata L., of the southern United States.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 810 of the collection of Prof.
F. H. Snow. Collected by E. P. West.

Ilex Masoni, sp. nov.
PI. VII, Fig. 6; PI. LXIII, Fig. 6.

Leaf subcoriaceous, linear-oblong, slightly enlarged in the lower part,
cuneiform to the base, apparently obtuse (point broken) repand-dentate on
the borders; primary nerve comparatively thick; secondaries open, arched
in passing toward the borders, camptodrome, anastomosing in broad, angu-
lar curves at a distance from the borders, to which they are joined by
branches at right angles to the curves.

The first leaf is about 12"" long, 4.5"" broad below the middle, where
it is slightly enlarged, is marked by a few obtuse teeth, the upper part
being entire or slightly undulate. The lower pair of secondaries are thin,
at a more acute angle of divergence, 50°, inequidistant, parallel, somewhat
strong, distinctly camptodrome, the upper pair appearing more curved in
ascending toward the apex. The bows formed by angular anastomosis of
the secondaries at a short distance from the borders are linked to them by
short nervilles at right angles. The surface is smooth, nearly polished,
indistinctly marked by transverse nervilles. The other fragment indicates
a leaf scarcely broader but much longer, broken at both ends, and cut in
deeper, large teeth.

These leaves resemble those of /. borealis Heer,^ but are larger, also
I. longifolia Heer,^ the borders of which are also minutely dentate, etc.

Habitat : Pipe Creek, Cloud County, Kansas. No. 4105 of the collec-
tion of Mr. R. D. Lacoe. Collected by Mr. S. C. Mason, for whom the
species is named.

' Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, p. 39, PI. lxiv, Figs. 3, 4. .
«F1. Fos8. Arct., vol. 1, p. 124, PI. xlviii, Fig8. 3, 4.

ISO THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Order TILIACE^.
Tribe APEIBE^E.

Apeibopsis cyolophylla, sp. nov.
PI. XXV, Fig. 6.

Leaves membranous, entire, polished on the sm'faee, nearly roimd,
abruptl}', slightly declining downward in reaching the broken petiole ;
median nerve strong, ligid; secondaries also strong, five pairs, alternate,
equidistant, parallel, slightly curved in passing to the borders, simple,
camptodi-ome, the lower pair supra-basilar; angle of divergence 45°, nerv-
illes strong, at right angles, simple or sometimes curved and forking at the
middle; areolation very distinct, in small quadi'ate meshes.

This leaf, which is 7*"" long and 6' " broad, has the same form and
about the same size and character as that of A. Thomseniana Heer,' and
would be referred to this species but for one pair of thinner, basilar nerves
close to the lower secondaries, ascending in a broad cuiwe to the middle of
the leaf, which, although seen in the leaf from Grreenland, is not present in
that of the Dakota Group. In Heer's leaf also the areolation, which in that
from Kansas is very distinct and quadrate, is not figured, or is, as he says,
effaced; and there is only a single leaf of this form known from Greenland
and one from the Dakota Group. The points of comparison are insufficient.
No traces of the fruits of Apeibopsis, which have been abundantly found in
the Miocene flora of Europe, have been as yet observed in the Cretaceous.
The generic relation of the leaf is therefore not positively established.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4162 of the
collection of Mr. E. D. Lacoe.

Tribe GREWIEyE.

Geewiopsis Haydenh Lesq.

Cret. PL, p. 97, PI. iii. Figs. 2, 4 ; PL xxiv, Fig. 3.

Grewiopsis jeqxjidentata, sp. nov.
PL LVIII, Fig. 4.

Leaf subcoriaceous, ovate, subtruncate or broadly cuneate at the
enlarged base, gradually narrowed or tapering upward, obtusely pointed,
borders distinctly, acutely, simply, rarely doubly dentate; midrib strong;

'Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, Abth. 2, p. 95, PI. xxxvi, Fig. 5.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 18l

secondaries parallel, equidistant, oblique, nearly straight toward the borders,
branching above, craspedodrome.

The leaf is about 8""' long, 6.5*"° broad near the base, where it is cut or
obliquely truncate, abruptly deflexed to the base of the midrib and decui--
ring to it by a short inside curve. The secondaries, of which there are
seven pairs, diverge from the midrib at an angle of 40° to 45°, the lower
branching, the others simple, entering the teeth directly or by intermediate,
shorter teeth, anastomosing at right angles with tertiary divisions, as often
observed in species of Grewiopsis.

This latter is not, however, sufficient proof of the relation of the leaf
to any species of Grewiopsis; It differs from all the leaves referred to this
genus by the enlarged, subtruncate base, the longer, acute teeth, which are
separated by a broad sinus, showing the same difference with any kind of
leaves of Quercus or Viburnum to which it might be compared by the
character of the nervation.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1188 of the collection of Mr.
R. D. Lacoe.

Grewiopsis Mudgbi, sp. nov.
PI. LXVI, Fig. 3.

Leaf thickish, subcoriaceous, ovate, obliquely truncate at the base,
dentate; median nerve rigid ; secondaries oblique, equidistant, and parallel,
simple or with few thin branches obliquely passing to the veinlets, joining
the border at right angles, lowest pair supra-basilar.

The leaf is 7*^™ to 8*"° long (apex destroyed), 6.5"'" broad near the base,
and has seven pairs of secondaries, the lowest supra-basilar, diverging 50°
from the midrib, joined' by strong nervilles at right angles, simple or fork-
ing, some of them entering the teeth by deviating at right angles from the
point of connection or forking of the oblique nervilles. The border teeth
are very distinct, pointed and turnede outside or at right angles to the borders,
separated by broad sinuses; the basil borders are obliquely turned upward
from the base of the midrib.

I do not find any point of comparison for this peculiar leaf except in the
large leaves of G. anisomera Sap. (Fl. Foss. Scizanne, p. 409, PI. xiri, Fig. 8),
and this even only in the character of the nervation and the peculiar dis-
tribution of the nervilles near the borders. G. crednericeformis Sap. (Fig. 7),
of the same plate, has also a degree of affinity by tlie direction and posi-

Ig2 THE FLORA OP THE DAKOTA GROUP.

tion of the secondaries, the hiwer pair of which, however, in ])oth species
are not so supra-basihir.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1188 of the collection of
Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Order STERCULIACE^.

Tribe STERCULIE.^.

Stercxtlta mucronata, ap. nov.
ri. XXX, Figs. 1-4.

Leaves small, subcoriaceoiis, narrowed, subcordate or truncate at base,
three to tive pahuately lobed, three pahnately nerved from the toj:) of the peti-
ole; lobes entire, lanceolate or narrowed in rounding to a linear obtuse
mucro; primary lateral nerves simple or forking near the base; secondaries
curved upward, camptodrome.

The largest of these leaves (Fig! 1) is more than 10"" broad between
the apices of the lateral lobes, and is 6"" long from the top of the petiole to
the apex of the median nerve. The lobes diverge 30° to 40°, and like the
primary nerves with their di^^sions, are entire, either rounded above and
narrowed to the mucronate apex or lanceolate and tapering upward. The
sinuses are broad, the petiole long. The different forms of the leaves are
seen in the four figures of the species, Figs. 3 and 4 being merely trilobate,
the one rounded toward the apex, the other gradually acuminate.

The species is especially related by the fonn and disposition of the
lobes to Liquklamhar intcgrifolium Lesq. (Cret. FL, p. 56, PI. ii. Figs. 1-3 ;
PI. XXIV, Fig. 2; PI. xxix. Fig. 8). But for the prolongation of the apex
into a linear point, these leaves might be referred to this last species, for in
Cret. FL, PI. XXIV, Fig. 2, the camptodi-ome nervation is of the same type,
and the lobes, which are obtuse in Fig. 2, are also Sometimes lanceolate and
blunt pointed as in op. cit. (PL ii. Figs. 2, 3). This indicates for the leaves
of Sterculia the same disposition to variability in the Cretaceous as is
observed in the species of the Miocene and of the present epoch. S. car-
thaginensis Cav. of the living flora has leaves of analogous characters to
those of the species described above.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 731, 73.5, 736, and 741 of
the museum of the University of Kansas ; E. P. West, collector.

DESOEIPTIUN OP SPECIES. 1 83

Steeculia Snowii, sp. nov.
PI. XXX, Pig. 5 ; PI. XXXI, Pigs. 2, 3 ; PI. XXXII, PI. XXXIII, Pigs. 1-4.

Leaves long petioled, membranous or subcoriaceous, large, palmately
two to five lobed ; lobes entire, lanceolate, taper pointed or acuminate,
greatly diverging; primary nerves palmately three to five, from the top of
the petiole, mostly simple,, thick, percurrent; secondaries thin, oblique,
straight or slightly curved in traversing the blade, simply camptodrome.

The largest leaves are more than 20""" long from the top of the petiole
to the apex of the median lobe, and are quite as broad or broader between
the apices of the lateral lobes; the petiole generally preserved is more than
20™' long, strong, inflated at the base. The divergence of the lobes aver-
ages 40°, the lateral ones being about at right angles to the median nerve,
and generally curved backward; the primary nerves are thick, the second-
aries thin, often obsolete, close, parallel, at an angle of divergence of 50°,
curving quite near the borders, the curves forming a kind of thin, mar-
ginal nerve along them ; the areolation is obsolete.

These fine leaves, largely represented in the collection, vary in form
according to the distribution of the primary nerves and the divergence of
the lobes. PL XXXI, Fig. 2, representing one of the best preserved leaves,
shows the general mode of divisions of the lobes and the nervation as
far as it can be seen; its petiole is as long as that of the specimen (PI.
XXXIII, Fig. 1). The leaf (Fig. 2) of the same plate is merely trilobate
but its divisions have the same character, while the one shown in Fig. 3 is
quadrilobate by subdivision of the lateral lobes on one side only. PI. XXX,
Fig. 5, shows a leaf five-lobate by the same kind of division of both lateral
lobes, and PL XXXIII, Fig. 4, an abnormally bilobate one, one of the thin
lateral nerves not being strong enough for the production of a lobe and
passing toward the border as merely camptodrome.

This fine species is evidently related to the preceding one, from which
it differs in its large size, the form of the lobes, and the nervation. Compar-
ing the character of these leaves with those of some Tertiary species, an
affinity of nervation is recognized with Liquidambar europmmi mioceniim Sap.
& Mar. (V^g. Foss. Meximieux, PL xxv. Fig. 4), and for the shape of the
leaves and the disposition of the lobes with Platmms Sirii Ung.,^ a peculiar
five-lobed leaf which Schimper identifies with Sterculia Labrusca Ung.
Taken all together this new species is indeed related to some varieties of S.
Labrusca, the leaves of which are figured as being five-lobed (Engelhardt,

1 Flora V. Sotzka, p. 166, PI. xxxvi, Fig. 1.

184 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GKOtJP.

Tertiarfl. v. G6lii-en, p. 29, PI. xiii, Fig. 1), and S. Majolana Mass. (Massa-
longo Fl. Foss. Senigall., PI. xx, Fig. 3), the nervation of these Tertiary
leaves being, however, different. The leaf shown in PL XXXII, Fig. 1, is
deformed in a peculiar way. -Its median lobe is shorter, rounded at apex,
and its secondaries are more distant and ramose.^

The leaf PI. XXXI, Fig. 2, is partly covered by very distinct round
or oval, even sometimes triangular dots, ^°"" to 1°"" iu diameter, a species
of Sphan-ia" with two marginal prominent rings surrounding a small, central
areole (Fig. 2a, enlarged). It greatly resembles S. Braimii Heer (Fl. Tert.
Helv., vol. 1, p. 14, PI. I, Figs. 2-2c, e). Though the species can not be
ide titled, the generic reference is evident.

Habitat:, Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 30a, 30g, 734, 742, etc., of
the museum of the University of Kansas; A. Wellington and E. P. West,
collectors.

Stekculia Snowii var. disjitncta, n. var.
PI. LVIII, Fig. 6.

Leaf doubled by a division of the midrib from its base and in a verti-
cal direction into two bilobate leaves, each with two strong lateral nerves,
forking above the base and diverging, representing two lobate leaves with
long, lanceolate, acuminate lobes, separated by broad sinuses joined at the
base to the principal or median nerve wliich forms a short petiole for each
of the leaves. The secondaries, a few of which are observable upon the
leaf of the right side, are thin, parallel, oblique.

Each part of the leaf of this remarkable fossil really represents a single
leaf cut, or parted, in two at the top of the midrib.

This leaf is referable to -S". ShowII (Pis. XXXII, XXXIII) as a mere
deformation or monstrosity of the species. Tlie other (Fig. 2) is a defor-
mation of a different kind, iu which a leaf of the same species shows on one
side the lobe in its natural form and position, while on the other the lateral
lobe is rounded and curved to the median nerve. The examination of a
number of specimens of this species gives the means of referring to the normal
form a numljer of those peculiar variations.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2745 of the U. S. National
Museum.

' "Stereulia Snorcii is of the same type as S. limhata Velen. (Fl. bohm. Kreide. pt. 2, PI. V, Figs.
2-5; PI. VI, Fig. 1)." Note by Prof. Lesquereiix a abort time before his death. — F. H. K.
^This species has been named Sphm-ia problematica Knowltou. See ante, p. 23.

JDBSCEIPTION OF SPECIES. 185

Sterculia apekta Lesq.
PI. XXII, Fig. 4.

Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 82, PI. x, Figs. 2, 3.

Leaves subcoriaceous, palmately trilobed, and triplenerved from the
base; lobes lanceolate, blunt at apex; angle of divergence broad.

The leaf figured here differs from those in Cret. and Tert. Fl. (loc. cit.)
by the broader size of the lobes, which are more openly divergent with nar-
rower sinuses. The secondary nervation is obsolete. It has by its broader
lobes a degree of affinity to Aralia grcenlandica Heer,^ which has, however,
the lobes broader, the lateral ones being sometimes cut into one or two
short obtuse lobes on the lower side. The leaf from Kansas is like an
intermediate form between those figured in Cret. and Tert. Fl. (PI. x. Figs.
2, 3) and those of A. grosnlandica figured by Heer.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 8 of the museum of the
University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington.

Sterculia obtusiloba Lesq.
Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 82, PI. viii, Fig. 3.

Though this form appears far different from the preceding one, it may
be a mere variety of tlie same species.
Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas.

Sterculia reticulata, sp. nov.
PI. XXXIV, Fig. 10.

Leaves small, rigid, coriaceous, palmately trilobed from below the
middle, trinerved from above the basil border,- entire, long-petioled ; lobes
half open, linear, obtuse, the middle longer; primary nerves thick, equal,
distinctly percurrent; secondaries oblique, parallel, close and equidistant,
strong, camptodrome; nervilles deep, at right angles, forming by subdivi-
sions a coarse, irregulary quadrate, or polygonal reticulation.

The leaf, which is 7""' long-, including the petiole, which is itself 1.5"""
long, is fully preserved. It is inflated at the base, cuneiform, joining the
petiole at the same angle of divergence as the lateral primary nerves (40°),
and a little decurrent at the base. The median nerve is 27""° long above
the sinuses, the lateral ones only 20™"'.

The leaf has for its nearest relative S. diversifolia G. A., as represented

1 Fl. Foss. Arot., vol. 6, Abth. 2, p. 84, PI. xxxvm, Fig. 3.

I8(j THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

in Ettingshausen Neulioll. Char. d. Eocenefl. Europa's, p. 57. I have not
seen in fossil leaves any one of analogous characters.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4015 of the col-
lection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Stebculia lugubris Lesq.
Cret. aud Tert. Fl., p. 81, PI. vi, Figs. 1-3.

Tribe HELICTEREyE.

Pterospermites modestus, sp. nov.
PI. LVm, Fig. 5.

Leaf small, subcoriaceous, oval, romided at base to the enlarged
midi-ib and in the same degree to the obtuse apex, entire; secondaries four
pans, three lowest close to each other, opposite, the upper a single pair far
distant from the lower ones, all open in joining the midrib, then curved
upward toward the borders, craspedodi'ome.

The leaf is only S""* long from its base, more than 4"™ broad at the
middle, and has a short petiole, apparently broken, 3"'" below the base of
the leaf. The secondaries are distributed three at a short distance from
each other in the lower part of the leaf, one only at a distance above, and
cm-ve toward the midi-ib, which they reach at an open angle of divergence,
ti-aversing the blade in ascending toward the borders, and craspedodrome ;
the upper ones have few branches, while the lower are joined by nervilles
at right angles, the middle space being taken by thin, flexuous nervilles at
rig-ht ano^les to the midrib.

This leaf has an evident likeness in form, size, and nervation to Pfero-
spermimi sagorianmn Ett. (Foss. Fl. v. Sagor, pt. 2, p. 187, PI. xv, Fig. 17).

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2813 of the U. S. National
Museum.

Pterospermites longeaouminatus, sp. nov.
PI. LIX, Fig. 3.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, prolonged into a very long, naiTow acumen;
borders entire or marked by one or two acuminate teeth ; naiTOwed in
rounding to the base and reaching the thick petiole in declining and decm--
ring abruptly to it; midrib straight, thick in the lower part, very thin in the
upper; secondaries alternate, at an acute angle of divergence, curved and

JDESCRIPTION Of SPECIES. 1ft?

declining at base in joining the midrib, camptodrome, only one passing to
the apex of the single lateral tooth.

The authority for the reference of these two leaves to Pterospermites
is their extraordinary likeness to a Pterosperramn undetermined, and P.
siiberifolium Willd., figured on PI. xlix, Figs. 6, 9 of Ettingshausen's
Blattskelete der Dikotyledonen. The specimen represents a whole ovate
leaf, 16.5"" long to the base of the long acumen (there destroyed), 7"" broad
below the middle, with a thick petiole 3..5'"" long and 2°"" broad. The large
leaf is superposed upon a fragment of another of the same species, turned
and flattened in an opposite direction, and of which the long acumen is
preserved, it being at its base 1..5'"" broad and only 5"" in diameter 4"'" above
the base. Tliis fragment has also a high lateral lobe, or a tooth formed by
one of the secondaries passing upward to its sharply pointed apex.

Though the areolation of these leaves is comparable to species of
Pterospermum, they may be compared to species of Ficus by their peculiar
nervation and the prolongation of the acumen, as seen in F. superstitiosus L.,
and the beautiful F. producta L.

Habitat : Near Fort Harker, Kansas No. 2 742 of the National Museum.

Protophyllum Lbconteanum Lesq.
PI. XL, Fig. 1.

Cret. Fl., p. 103, PI. xvir, Fig. 4; PI. yxvi, Fig. 1 ; Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 89.

Leaves coriaceous, very large, round or reniform in outline, broader
than long, round peltate at base; borders entire or obscurely undulate;
primar}^ nerve thick; secondaries strong, a little curved, flexuous in passing
toward the borders, ramose; nervilles thick, at right angles, mostly simple,
anastomosing with veinlets of a lower degree, composing by ramification a
distinct polygonal areolation.

The largest part of a leaf of this species has been carefully figured in
order to fix the characters of the species vaguely indicated by the fragment
in Cret. Fl. (loc. cit.).

By a study of this leaf the diff"erences between P. Leconteannm and P.
Sternhcrfjii are clearly brought out. The leaves of the first of these species
differ at first by their very thick texture ; then they are not acvite at apex but
rounded, and the upper part of the pedicel, which appears to be very long,
is covered by a large pelta, traversed by strong secondarj^ nerves, diverging
around from the base of the midrib. In P. Sternhergii the secondaries are
less ramose, the branches being mostly simple, while in P. Leconteanum they

188 THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

ai'e often di'S'ided into tertiaries and quaternaries. The greatest diflference,
liowever, may be seen in the size of the pelta. A numljer of specimens of
P. Sternhergii more recently received, one of which is figured (PI. XLII,
Fig. 1), have a narrow pelta, or rather a basal border, entered by one or two
basilar nerves which emerge at right angles from the base of the midril),
but do not diverge downward into it. In P. Leconteanum as in P. prcEstmts
the pelta is an enlarged part of the leaf analogous to the stipidar append-
ages which remain attached to the base of the leaves of some species of
Platanus, as P. hasilohata Ward, of the Laramie.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 784 of the museum of the
University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Peotophylltjm pb^stans, sp. nov,
PI. XLI, Figs. 2, 3; PI. XLII, Figs. 3, 4.

Leaves large, membranous, long petioled, ovate, obtusely pointed,
rounded at base into a broad peltate auricle covering the top of the petiole,
dentate on the borders except at the base of the auricle; nervation irregu-
larly palmately trifid ; primary basilar nerves open, nearly at right angles,
alternate ; lower primaries, thi-ee pairs, curved downward into the auricle,
branching and anastomosing near the borders, craspedodrome in their divis-
ion ; secondaries, seven or eight pairs, oblique, alternate or opposite, all fork-
ing- one to three times from above the middle ; di^asions craspedodrome ; ner-
villes strong, at right angles to the nerves, distant, rarely simple, mostly
forking at the middle.

This fine species diifers from its congener first by its somewhat thin
but hard, solid membranous textm-e, which renders its surface apparently
rougli. Of the fom- leaves figured, the largest, fully developed, is 20""' long,
including the liasilar, round pelta, and 1.5°"' broad at the middle. The
smaller leaf, which is preserved entire (PI. XLII, Fig. 3), a2)2:)ears broadly,
angularly pointed, aiid from PI. XLI, Fig. 3, the auricle, which in Fig. 2 is
partly lacerated, is seen to be rounded and traversed from its margin around
the petiole to the borders by tlu'ee pairs of primary basilar nerves curving
downward. Its petiole is preserved entire and is S""' long and slightly
inflated at its point of attachment. Fig. 4 of PI. XLII is a fragment of a
very small leaf having the character of the species especially distinct in its
textm-e, the lower secondaries being arched downward. PI. XLI, Fig. 3,
has the borders reflexed or immersed in the stone, and the secondaries,
therefore, are not seen in their whole length.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 189

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 23b, 23c, 50, 51, etc., of
the mviseum of the University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington.

Protophyllum Sternbekgii Lesq.
PI, XLII, Fig. 1.

Cret. Fl., p. 101, PI. xvi ; PI. xviii, Fig. 2 ; Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 89.

The specimen here figured shows very clearly the characters of the
species.

The leaves are ovate, obtusely pointed, truncate at the base, which
covers by a narrow border the upper part of the petiole, and the basilar
primaries are in two pairs, the upper at right angles, the other pair diverg-
ing downward into the prolonged base of the leaves. Contrary to the
general distribution of the secondaries, those of this species are at an acute
angle of 40°, and are alternate from the base of the leaf.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 22 of the museum of the
University of Kansas ; A. Wellington, collector.

Peotophyllum undxjlattjm, sp. nov.
PI. XLII, Fig. 2.

Leaf large, coriaceous, round-ovate, narrowed to the apex (broken),
rounded at base, distinctly and regularly undulate or obtusely dentate;
secondaries basilar, three or four pairs, derived from the base of the midrib,
the upper at right angles, the lower curving downward into the prolonged
base of the leaf; secondaries, five to six pairs, the lower opposite, all
parallel and equidistant, at an angle of divergence of 45° to 50°.

Tliis form or species is in its characters intermediate between P. Stern-
hergii Lesq. and P. quadratum Lesq. (Cret. FL, p. 104, PL xix. Fig. 1). The
leaf is broader than that of the first-named species and has its base moi-e
prolonged, has a larger number of basilar nerves, the lower secondaries
being opposite and the borders evidently regularly undulate-dentate. From
the second it diff'ers still more by the broader base of the leaves, the median
nerve being narrower, though the leaf is larger, the secondaries somewhat
curved, and the borders dentate. It may, however, represent a variety of
this last species.

Habitat : Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 50 of the collection of the
museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by A. Wellington,

190 THE FLOBA OF THE DAKOTA GEO UP.

Protophyllum ceenatum.'
PI. LXV, Fig. 7.

Leaf small, nearly round or ovate (upper part destroyed), 4™ long'
7"" broad, apparently of tliiu texture, obscurely undulate-dentate on the bor-
ders, round peltate, the strong median nerve passing under the border 1.5""
above the base ; basilar lower pair of secondaries horizontal, the four pairs
above opposite, curving in traversing the lamina, more or less branching.

The pelta or border base is not auricled, or like a continuation of the
border, but is traversed downward by fom- smaller nerves fi-om the base of
the median nerve, and curving along the borders. There are two speci-
mens of the small leaves which by their characters appear identical with
P. undiilatum as figured (PI. XLII, Fig. 2), but far different in the size of the
leaves and their texture.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 557 of the collection of Mr.
K.. D. Lacoe.

Protophyllum dimorphxjm, sp. nov.
PI. XLI, Fig. 1.

Leaf small, coriaceous, rigid, round-quadi-angular in outline, truncate,
enlarged, obtusely lobed at apex, cordate and entire at base, undulate-den-
tate on the borders, petioled; nervation very thick, craspedodrome; basilar
primaries tlu-ee pairs, the upper at right angles, simple on one side, branch-
ing on the other, the middle attached to the base of the upper, curving
downward, the lower very thin, close to the borders or marginal; seconda-
ries tln-ee to four pairs, the lower opposite and branching, the upper with
few branches and alternate; nervilles strong, forked at the middle or anas-
tomosing by oblique branches.

This fine small leaf is remarkable for the abnormal disposition of its
nerves and the unequal width of the lamina, being more expanded, as seen
by the figure, on the right side of the median nerve. Owing to this the
lateral nerves are longer and more branching on the right side than on
the left. The secondaries pass to the point of the short teeth or undula-
tions of the borders, which by contraction at their extremities and declining
on both sides become thus slightly emarginate. The leaf seems to have

'This species was marked "Protophyllum undulatum or n. sp." in the manuscript by Prof. Les-
quereux. As it seems from the appearance of the leaves and by the description to differ from
P. undulatum, I have thought best to regard it as a new species, and have named it Protophyllum
erenatum.—F, H. K.

DESCEIPTION OF SPECIES. 191

been preserved in its full development. It is nearly 4"™ long and as broad,
witli a petiole 1.5"" long, mucli enlai'ged to the base.

Habitat : Ellsworth County, Kansas No. 53- of the museum of the
University of Kansas; A. Wellington, collector.

PKOTOPHYLLUM MtJLTlNERVE Lesq.

PI. XLIII, Fig. 2 ; PI. LXV, Fig. 1.

Gret. FL, p. 105, PI. xvili. Fig. 1 ; Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 89.
Pterospermites nmltinervis Lesq., Haydeii's Ann. Eept., 1871, p. 302.

Leaves coriaceous, oblong-ovate, round, truncate at base, peltate; pri-
mary nerves strong; secondaries close, parallel, numerous; borders undu-
late or obtusely dentate.

The leaf figm-ed on PI. XLIII (Fig. 3), which is well preserved, shows
the characters of the species better than any before obtained. Though
somewhat smaller, it has nearly the same number of secondaries as that
figured in Cret. Fl. (loc. cit.), that is, twelve pairs, besides two pairs in the
pelta, passing downward and curving at the borders.

The other shown on PI. LXV (Fig. 1) is a splendid leaf preserved
nearly entire, round in outline, 11"° long, 10""° broad, borders nearly entire,
traversed by the petiole 1.5"" above the base, which is rounded but not dis-
tinctly peltate. The basal border, however, is filled l^y the lowest second-
aries curved downward and branching, as in my figure of P. mulfinerve
(Cret. Fl., PL xviii, Fig. 1), and the nervation, number of secondaries,
branches, etc., are alike in both leaves, this one differing essentially by the
borders being mostly entire or denticulate by the slight projections of the
end of the secondaries and of their branches. Admitting this specimen as
P. multinerve, that figured on PI. XLIII, Fig. 2, appears different, as it is
coarsely dentate on the borders; but this dentation may be caused by
erosion of the borders. The specimen now mader consideration is a smaller
leaf differing by the secondaries being more distant, less numerous, and
more open.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. Ill of the museum of the
University of Kansas (PL XLIII, Fig. 2). Collected by A. Wellington,
No. 827 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe (PL LXVII, Fig. 1).

192 TUB FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Pkotophyllum Haydenii Lesq.
PI. XLIII, Fig. 1; PI. XLIV, Figs. 1, 2.

Cret. Fl., p. 106, PI. xvii, Fig. 3 ; Oret. and Tert. FI., p. 90.
Fterospermites Haydenii Lesq., Hayden's Ann. Rept., 1871, p. 303.

Leaves coriaceous, variable iu size, long petioled, l)roadly ovate in out-
line, truncate at base, obtuse at apex, mostly entire or sometimes regularly,
deeply undulate or obtusely dentate, not peltate; nervation strong, deeply
impressed, craspedodrome ; lowest secondaries, of which there are two or
three pairs, thinner, nearly at right angles to the median nerve, less distant
than the others, nearly simple; those above parallel, equidistant, nine to
twelve pairs according to the size of the leaves, gradually more oblique
upward, the lower branching underneath, the upper simple or forking near
the borders.

The leaves vary from 5™ to 16"" in length, being generally as broad at
the middle as long. The petiole is from S""" to 8*"° long, not broader than
the base of the midrib ; the teeth of the borders are each entered by tlie
ends of the secondaries or of their branches; the surface is a litkle I'ugose
and traversed at right angles to the secondaries by deep, thin, simple, or
forking undulate or curved nervilles, whose subdivisions into areoles are not
perceivable ; the surface appears rather punctulate than reticulate.

This species differs from those described above by the absence of a
peltate or basilar border covering the upper part of the petiole. In this tlie
leaves resemble those of Credneria, from which they differ by the straight,
craspedodrome nervation. The affinity of these leaves to those of P. Stern-
herrjii Lesq., or niore especially to those of P. multlncrve Lesq., is so distinct
that they can not be placed in a different genus merely from the absence of
a peltate base. It is, however, advisable to have the species of Protophyllum
separated into two groups, those with a peltate base, the others without it ;
these more evidently related to Credneria.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 84, 110, 116, and 187 of
the museum of the University of Kansas; A. Wellington and E. P. West,
collectors.

Protophyllum integereimum Lesq., sp. (ined).
PI. XLIII, Fig. 3.

Prof. N. H. Winchell, Report of the Geological State Survey of Minnesota (inedited).

Leaves coriaceous, thick, the surface polished, round or broadly
elliptical in outline, rounded at the base and the apex, petioled, obscurely

DBSCEIPTIOlN OF SPECIES. J 93

palmately nerved. Lower lateral nerves of two pairs, nearly at right
angles, the upper forked, the lowest simj)le, both curved backward; lateral
primaries and secondaries at the same angle of divergence (35° to 40°),
parallel, and equidistant ; the secondaries, four pairs, strong, opposite, branch-
ing on the lower side, crasj^edodrome with their di-\dsions; nervilles at right
angles to the nerves, distinct.

This fine species, with the characters of the genus distinctly marked in
the nervation, is remarkable for the entire borders and the smooth surface of
the leaves. The secondaries are all opposite, a character more or less dis-
tinctly seen in the leaves of most of the species of Protophyllum, especially
in the upper secondaries.

Habitat : Mankato, Minnesota. Communicated by Prof. N. H. Win-
chell.

Protophyllum dentioulatum, sp. nov.
PI. XXXVI, Fig. 9.

Leaf coriaceous, round or reniform, enlarged on the sides, truncate at
the base, minutely but sharply denticulate all around except at the base,
petioled; median nerve thick, percurrent; lateral primaries supra-basilar,
very open, the upper branelied outside, the lower simple, thin, at right angles
to the midrib; secondaries, four pairs, subopposite, more or less branching,
craspedodi'ome with their divisions ; nervilles at right angles to the second-
aries, distinct, simple or forked ; areolation small, quadrate, prominent.

The leaf measures transversely 7*"°, vertically S.S"". The borders are
marked by sharp, minute teeth tnrned outside and entered by the lateral
nerves and their divisions, which are all craspedodrome ; the base is trun-
cate, entire.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4184 of the
collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Protophyllum crassum, sp. nov.
PI. LXV, Fig. 4.

Leaves small, round or oval, entire; median nerve thick, passing under
the border of the trnncate base; lowest pair of secondaries much branched,
with one or two pairs of thinner, horizontal ones underneath, these simple
or branching. Secondaries equidistant, parallel, very thick, craspedodi'ome,
the inferior branching, the upper only simple; nervilles very thick and
close, at right angles to the secondaries, parallel, simple, rarely forJiing.

MON XVII 13

194 THE FLOE A OP THE DAKOTA GROUP.

There are two specimeus of this remarkable species; the best preserved
is smaller, nearly round, 3"" in diameter, the midi'ib passing under the basal
border, scarcely 2°"" above the truncate base. The secondaries are of seven
pairs, the lowest, which are at right angles to the midrib, are thick and
rigid, forming with the transverse, thick, parallel nervilles a very rough sur ■
face. These may be young, not fully developed leaves of P. rmjosiim Lesq.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1171 of the collection of
Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Pkotophyllum ckednekioides Lesq.
PI. XXXVI, Fig. 11; PI. XLIII, Figs. 4, 5.

Hayden's Ann. Kept., 1874, p. 363, PI. iii, Fig. 1 ; PI. viii, Fig. 4 ; Lesquereux, Cret.
and Tert; Fl., p. 90, PL ii, Pigs. 1-3.

As may oe seen in comparing the leaves referred to this species, they
are very variable in size and also in the characters of nervation, being nearly
entire or undulate on the borders, round or obtuse at the apex, with distant
primary nerves and a thin basilar nerve underneath or with all the lateral
nerves alternate, parallel, simple, or branching, distributed like secondaries.
From tliis it may be reasonable to conclude that some of the numerous
forms described above as species may ultimately be recognized as mere
varieties when it is possible to compare a larger number of specimens.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 866 of the museum of the
University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Peotophyllum pseudospekmoides, sp. nov.
PI. LIX, Fig. 2.

Leaves small, coriaceous, ovate, obtuse, truncate at base, sharply
dentate on the borders; primary nerve narrow, prolonged to a short petiole;
middle pair of secondaries at a distance from the borders, oblique, with
lower pairs of secondaries nearly at right angles to the midrib, arched down-
ward, simple, and five upper pairs, oblique and parallel to the middle; all
more or less branching, craspedodrome; teeth short but acute, wHh shallow
sinuses.

Habitat: Kansas

DESCEIPTION OF SPECIES. 195

Protophyllum pterospermifolium, sp. nov.
PI. LIX, Fig. 1.

Leaves, small, coriaceous, nearly round, subcordate at base, narrowed
at apex, nearly entire or undulate-repand; primary nerve narrow, slightly
enlarged at the point of attaclnnent of the lower secondaries, far above the
base, with two pairs of inferior ones passing at right angles from the mid-
rib and gradually declining downward and branching; upper secondaries
six pairs, gradually more oblique above the lower, branching, all craspedo-
drome ; nervilles at right angles to the secondaries, rarely simple, mostly
forking at the middle, forming by subdivisions small, quadrate areoles.

By the position of the two lower pairs of secondaries this leaf is related
to some of those referi-ed by Heer to Pterospermites. But the prolongation
of the median nerve between two lower pairs of secondaries, inclining down-
ward and craspedodi'ome, refers it to Protophyllum. The relation of this
leaf is therefore multiple or not definite. It is comparable to P, Haydenii
Lesq. and P. integerrimum Lesq., PL XLIII, Figs. 1-3.

Habitat: Kansas.

Protophyllum quadrattjm Lesq.

Cret. Fl., p. 104, PI. xix, Fig. 1.

Pterospermites quadratus Lesq., Hayden's Ann. Eept., 1871, p. 301.

Protophyllum rugosum, Lesq.

Cret. Fl., p. 105, PI. xvn, Pigs. 1, 2; PI. xls, Fig. 3.
Pterospermites rugosus Lesq., Hayden's Ann. Kept., 1872, p. 426,

Protophyllum minus Lesq.
Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 89, PI. iv, Fig. 6 ; Cret. Fl., p. 104, PI. xix, Fig. 2 ; PI. xxvii. Fig. 1.

Protophyllum nebrascense Lesq.
Cret. FL, p. 103, PI. xxvii, Fig. 3.

Protophyllum? Mudgei Lesq.
Cret. FL, p. 106, PL xviii, Fig. 3.

Anisophyllum semialatum Lesq.

Cret. FL, p. 98, PL vi, Figs. 1-5.

Quereus semialata Lesq., Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts (series 2), vol. 46, 1868. p. 96,

lyg THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Order MENISPERMACE^.

Tribe COCCULEyE.

Menispermites oBTtrsiLOBUs Lesq.

Cret. FL, p. 94, PI. xxv, Figs. 1, 2; PI. xxvi, Fig. 3; Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 78, PI.

XV, Fig. 4.

Menispekmites obtxjsilobus var. (?) Lesq.

Cret. FL, p. 95, PI. xxii, Fig. 1.

Menispermites salinensis Lesq.

Cret. FI., p. 95, PI. xx, Figs, 1, 4

Menispermites acutilobxts Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 78, PL xiv, Fig. 2.

Menispermites populifolius Lesq.

Hayden's Ann. Eept., 1874, p. 357, PL v. Fig. 3; Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 79, PL IV, Fig. 4.

Menispermites cyclophyllus Lesq.

Hayden's Ann. Kept., 1874, p. 358, PL vi, Fig. 4; Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 79, PL xv.

Fig. 3.

Menispermites ovalis Lesq.

Hayden's Ann. Kept., 1874, p. 357, PL v, Pig. 4; Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 80, PL xv,

Fig. 5.

Menispermites grandis Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 80, PL xv, Figs. 1, 2.

Menispermites aceripolius Lesq.

Oret. FL, p. 96, PL xx. Figs. 2, 3.

Menispermites btjgosus, sp. nov.
PL XXIX, Fig. 7.

Leaves comparatively small, subcoriaceous, round or reniform, truncate-
subcordate at base, peltate, equally dentate all around except at the base;
median nerve strong, the lateral curved and ramose, craspedodrome.

The leaf measures 6™ horizontally and 5™ vertically, and has the
borders marked by obtuse distant teeth varying in length according to the

DBSCEIPTIOK OF SPECIES. 197

size of the secondai-ies and their divisions whioh enter them. Only the
branches of the basilar nerves, three pairs, descend into the pelta, curving
along the entire borders, camptodrome. . The median nerve is stronger and
more marked in this species than in M. grandis Lesq., and the secondaries
less distant, more numerous (seven to eight pairs, besides the basilar ones),
and all branch in passing more or less obliquely and slightly curved to the
borders. The nervilles are distinctly seen in the upper part of the leaf and
are close, at right angles to the secondaries, flexuous, rarely branching.

A marked relation of this leaf is with M. grandis Lesq., from which it
differs by its smaller size, the more numerous secondaries, and the dentate
borders. M. dentatus Heer^ appears still more closely related to this, but it
is a fragment of a larger leaf which seems to be partly lobate and partly
dentate.

Habitat : Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 785 of the museum of the
University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Ma(jclintockia ceetacea Heer.
PI. LIX, Fig. 4.

Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, Abth. 2, p. 70, PI. xxxvi, Figs. 1, 2a; PI. xxxvii, Figs. 2-4.

A fragment of a leaf which is elliptical, with entire borders, five-nerved
from the base, nerves aerodrome, slightly diverging.

The fragment is like those of the species as figured by Heer, especially
PL XXXVII, Figs. 2-4 (loc. cit.), showing only the lower part of a leaf
4<"n long and 1.5*"" broad. The leaf is elliptical, entire on the borders,
five-nerved from the base; the median nerve broadest; the lateral, nearest
to the borders, are very thin ; the texture is coriaceous, its areolation punctu-
late or reticulate. The second lateral nerve, between the midrib and the
marginal ones, has a few branches from near the base like that in Heer's
PI. xxxvii. Fig. 2 (loc. cit.), in which the marginal one is thin and more
proximate to the borders of the leaf

By the irregular disposition of the nerves near the base, the fragment
has some likeness to Hakea arctica Heer (Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 1, PL xv, Fig.
5), the leaves of which are broader and shorter.

The fragment from Kansas bears a line of parasites which are oval,
acute at the lower part, concave, with a convex point in the middle; they
are placed along the lateral nerves in a row of ten or more and by their

»F1. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, Abth. 3, p. 92, PI. xxxviii, Fig. 4.

198 THE FLORA OP THE DAKOTA GEOTIP.

position are comparable to Sclerofiam chmamoml Heer (Fl. Foss. Arct., vol.
4, pt. 3, PL 1, Figs. 2, 2b).

Habitat: Probalily Ellsworth County, Kansas. In the Snow collection
of the museum of the University of Kansas.

Order ANONACEiE.
Tribe XYLOPIE^^.
Anona oeetacea Lesq.
Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 77.

Order MAGNOLIACE^.
Tribe MAGNOLIE.?^.

Magnolia tentjifolia Lesq.
PL XXIV, Fig. 1.

Am. Jonr. Sd. and Arts (series 2), voL 46, 1868, p. 100; Cret. FL, p. 92, PL xxi. Fig. 1.

Leaves large, oblong, entire, narrowed upward to a blunt point (broken),
downward to a thick petiole ; median nerve thick; secondaries open, parallel,
alternate, inequidistant, forking at a distance from the borders, with branches
anastomosing in bows near to the borders, camptodi-ome ; the lower grad-
ually shorter, at right angles to the median nerve and like tertiaries, curv-
ing backward.

The part figured here is a fragment comprising about half of a leaf
wliich originally must have measui'ed at least 20''" in length, and from S""
to 9'^'° in width at the middle. When compared with the leaf in the Cret.
Fl. (loc. cit.), it completes the charactei's of this fine species, as in this last
figure the shape of the leaf is clearly seen, while in that figured here the
nervation is distinct to the base of the leaf The midi'ib is here larger and
the secondaiies much tlncker. But the fragment represents the under side
of a leaf while the other is the impression of the upper surface. There is
therefoi'e no real diflference in the characters. The angle of divergence of
the secondaries is the same in both (50° to 55°). The remains of few ter-
tiary intermediate veins, indistinctly seen between the more distant second-
aries in Cret. FL, PL xxi (loc. cit.), are represented on the figure of PL XXIV,
Fig. 1 , and in both leaves the basilar tertiaries are obsolete and no secondary
is marked in the space occupied by them toward the base of the leaves.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 199

The species is related to M. Inglefieldt Heer of the Tertiary of Green-
land, as figured in Fl. Foss. Arct., vol 7, p. 121, PL lxix, Fig. 1 ; PI. lxxxv,
Fig. 3; PI. Lxxxvi, Fig. 9, which differs by the secondaries branching and
ciu'ving nearer to the borders, slightly more open in the lower part of the
leaves and continuing in size and direction to the basal border, the lower
pair being more oblique and running upward as a marginal nerve. The
real or more marked affinity of the Cretaceous leaf is with those of the
living M. umbrella Lam., the leaves of which are thin, nearly of the same
size and form as those of the Dakota Grroup, and have a nervation really
identical, the secondaiies passing in the lower part of the leaves to short
tertiaries or nervilles nearly at right angles, while upward the secondaries
are forked above the middle and have the branches anastomosing in double
rows along the borders as in the fossil species.

Habitat: Kansas. No. 780 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology
of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Magnolia PSEtrDOAcmiiNATA, sp. nov.
PL XXIV, Fig. 2.

Leaves subcoriaceous, of medium size, entire, short petioled, broadly
ovate-lanceolate, narrowed in curving to the petiole, decurring to it at the
base, more gradually attenuated upward to the apex, subacuminate ; median
nerve strong and straight, not thick; secondaries parallel, more distant
in the middle and upper part of the leaf, ramose near the borders, campto-
drome.

The leaves average 12™ in length and nearly G""" in width at the mid-
dle, and the petiole preserved entire is 13™™ long. The secondaries, of
which there are twelve pairs, diverge 35° to 40° from the median nerve
and all preserve the same degree of obliquity. A few of them are more
distant and separated by thinner and shorter tertiaries and the areas are
traversed by flexuous, thin nervilles somewhat oblique to the secondaries.

These leaves have the nervation and the form of those of the li^ang
M. acuminata L., the well known cucumber tree. Indeed, they are so
remarkably similar to the small leaves of this species that no difference of
characters is observable. Compared to M. Capellinii Heer,^ which is one
the best of the numerous leaves figured of the species, the base is not as
widely decurring in M. pseudoacuminata but attenuated in rounding to the
very short slightly decurring base. The leaves figured by Heer in the

' Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, PI. xxxiii, Fig. 3.

200 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

same work^ have a still greater affinity to this species in size and form.
They are, however, not acuminate but merely pointed.

Habitat: Ten miles northeast of Delphos, Kansas. No. 4079 of the
collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

MAaNOLiA AMPLLFOLiA Heer,
PI. XXIV, Pig. 3.

Kreidefl. v! Moletein, p. 21, PI. vrii. Figs. 1, 2; PI. ix. Pig. 1.

Leaves large, subcoriaceous, entire, elliptical, short pointed; median
nerve very thick; secondaries strong, much curved toward the borders,
camptodrome.

This leaf is IS*^" long and 6"'° broad, with the median nerve more than
gmm jj^ diameter toward the base, which is much smaller than the two figured
by the author. Nevertheless the identification of the Kansas leaf with those
from Moletein seems legitimate. Not only is the form of the leaves the
same but even their inclination to one side ; and the secondaries, about of
the same number (twelve pairs), are of the same character, strong and more
open from the middle to their point of union to the median nerve, which
they reach by a short, downward curve. I'he secondaries are also some-
times separated by thinner, shorter tertiaries. Few, however, are seen in
the figures of the Moletein Flora, there apparently omitted, as the nervilles
are figured only upon a small fragment of PI. viii. Fig. 1, showing these
to be broken in the middle by divisioiis at right angles, as in the American
specimens. Heer compares his species to L. acuminata L., to which indeed
it is closely related. But the differences may be easily remarked in com-
paring Figs. 2 and 3 of PI. XXIV. Heer remarks that the secondaries in
M. amplifoUa are thin as compared to the median nerve, and especially
toward their ends they become so reduced that they can scarcely be followed
with the eye. On the American specimens the secondaries are rather thick
in the lower part, becoming gradually very thin in the upper. The species
essentially differs from M. pseudoacuminata by the thickness of the midrib
and the short, curved point.

Habitat: Pipe Creek, Cloud County, Kansas. No. 4127 of the col-
lection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

' Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, Abth. 2, PI. xxv, Figs. 1, 2, 3.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 201

Magnolia, alternans Heer.
PI, XXXIV, Fig. 11.

Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 110, Pi. xxxiii, Figs. 5, 6; PI. xxxrv, Fig. 4; vol. 6, Abth,
2, p. 91, PI. XXI, Fig. 2; PI. XLVi, Fig. 21; Lesquereux, Cret. FL, p. 92, PI. xviii,
Fig. 4.

The leaf figured here is better preserved than that figured in the Cret.
Fl. (loc. cit.). It is broader, seemingly somewliat decurreiit to the median
nerve, and therefore like those of M. Capellinu. This last species has, how-
ever, still larger leaves and has the lateral nerves not separated by interme-
diate, shorter tertiaries. The differences between these two leaves and that of
M. pseudoaruminata Lesq. are not very well defined, and some of the leaves
appear referable to either of the three species.

Habitat: Pipe Creek, Cloud County, Kansas. No. 4109 of the col-
lection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Magnolia Lacoeana, sp. nov.
PI. LX, Fig. 1.

Leaf large, broadly oval or nearly round, entire, obtuse or abruptly
pointed at the apex, narrowed and subdecurriiig to the base. Median nerve
somewhat thick, flexuous; secondaries alternate, parallel, declining to the
midrib in joining it, curved and cti,mptodrome, ascending very high along
the borders with few branches in the upper part.

The leaf differs from the other fossil leaves referred to this genus by
its nearly round form, its narrowing base and its numerous secondaries.
The petiole is broken; the leaf is 10"™ long and 8.5'"" broad at the middle,
with ten pairs of secondaries at an angle of divergence of 60°. By its
size, and more especially by the base of the leaves, it has a degree of like-
ness to M. Inglefieldi Heer,' but differs greatly in the nervation.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No, 215 of the collection of Mr.
R. D. Lacoe.

Magnolia obtusata Heer.
PI. LX, Figs. 5, 6.

Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, Abth. 2, p. 90, PI. xv. Fig. 12; PI. xxi. Fig. 3.

Leaves coriaceous, oblong or obovate, obtuse, gradually narrowed to a
long petiole, entire; secondaries distant, simple, oblique, curved, caiupto-
drome.

'Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 1, PI. xvill, Fig. 1 ; vol. 2, pt. 4, PI. LI, Figs. 4-7.

^02 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GEOtJi*.

Heer (loe. cit.) has figured two fragmentary leaves, the tipper part
only of this fine species, which is distinctly characterized by the obtuse
apex, the great distance and the position of the secondaries. The best pre-
served leaf of this species (Fig. 6) is 8"'" long, enlarged npward and obtuse
at apex, the base gradually narrowing to the petiole, which is 2.5"'" long. It
has five pairs of secondai'ies at unequal distances, alternate, more open in
joining the midrib, at an angle of divei'gence of 50°, much curved in trav-
ersing the blade, simply camptodrome. The other leaf is larger, being
15"™ long, with apex partly destroyed and the secondaries equally distant,
but a little less open in joining the midrib. Each of these leaves repre-
sents the essential characters of the species.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2786 of the U. S. National
Museum.

Magnolia Boulayana, sp. nov.
PI. LX, Fig. 2.

Leaf coriaceous, oblong, equally narrowed and cuneiform at base as
well as in rounding to the blunt apex, entire; borders parallel at the middle;
midrib narrow ; secondaries very thin, distinct, oblique, camptodi'ome, with
few branches.

This leaf, which is 13"™ long and 4"" broad, with parallel borders, has
the aspect of a Laurus. It is, however, distinctly parallel on the borders,
with all the secondaries, of which there are eleven pairs, equidistant, par-
allel, and at an acute angle of divergence (40°), as is M. longepetiolata Ett.^
It resembles this last species, being, however, somewhat smaller and more
rapidly naiTOwed to the base, with a narrow, percurrent midrib. It is
closely allied, especially by its nervation, to M. Ludwifjii Ett. of the Euro-
pean Oligocene.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1191 of the collection of
Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Magnolia speciosa Beer.
PI. LX, Figs. 3, 4,

Kreidefl. v. Moletein p. 20, PI. vi. Fig. 1 ; PI. x. Figs. 1, 2 : PI. xi. Fig. 1 ; Lesquereux,
Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 73.

Though the leaves are somewhat smaller than those figured by Heer
in the Flora of Moletein, they are evidently referable to this species, since
they differ from all the relatives, M. CapeUrmi, M. hmpIifoUa, etc., by the long

'Flora V. Bilin, pt. 3, p. 9, PI. XLI, Figs. 8, 9.

BESCEIPTION OF SPECIES. 203

prolongation of the apex, the distant secondaries, and the decurrent base
Heer describes the species as follows : Leaves very large, coriaceous, oval-
elliptical, long acuminate at apex, narrowed at base to a strong petiole;
primary nerve thick; secondaries much curved, camptodrome.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 221 and 222 of the collec-
tion of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Magnolia Capellinii Heer.

PL LXVI, Fig. 1.

Phyll. Gv6t. du N6br., p. 21, PI. iii, Figs. 5, 6 ; Lesqnereux, Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 72.

A peculiar form with thick leaves and secondaries deeply impressed;
the impression is that of the lower face.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1190 of the collection of
Mr. R D. Lacoe.

Ma&nolia obovata Newb.

Later Ext. Fl., p. 15; lUustr. Oret. and Tert. PJ., PI. ii. Pig. 2; PI. it, Pig. 4,

Magnolia (Oarpites) species, IJesq.
Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 73, PI. xi, Fig. 6.

LiRIODENDRON PRIM^VTJM Newb.

PI. XXIV, Fig. 4; PI. XXVI, Fig. 1-4.
Later Ext. Fl., p. 12 ; Illustr. Cret. and Tert. PI., PI. vi. Fig. 7.

Legitminodtes Mareouanus'H.ef^.r, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. of Phil. (1858), p. 265; Dana's

Manual of tleology, 2d ed., p. 459, Fig. 827 ; Cret. FL, p. 90, PI. xxvili, Fig. 2.
Bumelia Marcouana (Heer) Lesq., Cret. FL, ]>. 90, PL xxviii. Fig. 2.
Phyllites ohcordatus Heer Phyll. Cr6t. du Nebr., p. 266.
Liriodendron MeeMi var. Marcouana Heer, FL Foss. Arct., vol. 6, Abth. 2, p. 88, PL

xxii, Figs. 4, 6, 7, 11 ; PL xxiTi, Pig. 3; PL XLV, Figs. 3a, 3b.
Liriodendron MeeMi var. obcordaia Heer (loc. cit.), p. 88, PI. xxii. Figs, lb, 2; PI.

xsiii. Fig. 4.
Liriodendron MeeJcii var. mucronulata Heer (loc. cit.), p. 88, PL xxii, Figs. 3, 10.

Leaves of medium size, somewhat thick but not coriaceous, oblong or
obovate, more or less rapidly narrowed to a short petiole, entire, emarginate
at apex, rarely enlarged and rounded near the base ; primary nerve percur-
rent, sometimes emerging as a shoi't, small mucro in the middle of tlie
notched apex; secondavies oblique, parallel, passing straight or curved
toward the borders, camptodrome or craspedodrome ; angle of divergence
30° to 40°, according to the size of the leaves.

204 THE FLORA. OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

The leaves vary in size from S.S"" to 6*=" long, and from 2<=" to 5""
broad at the middle, being either cuneifoi-m or rounded, or even subtrun-
cate or siibcordate at the base. The secondaries, mostly simple, pass
obliqiiely, either straight or a little ci;rved, toward the borders, where they
become eflfaced or a little curved up, seemingly camptodrome, while a few
appear to run directly to the borders as craspedofbome.

Leaves of this kind have been found abundantly in the Cretaceous of
Greenland and described and figured by Heer as quoted above ; some also,
but fewer, in the Dakota Group of Kansas, Nebraska, etc. In all these
leaves there is no distinct contraction or division of the lamina in three
lobes as in the following species.

Habitat: Pipe Creek, Cloud County, Kansas. No. 4090 (PI. XXVI,
Fig. 1) of the collection of Mr. R D. Lacoe. Fig. 3 is copied from Heer,
Fl. Foss. Arct. (loc. cit); Fig. 2 is copied from Newberry (loc. cit).

LiRIODENDKON SEMIALATTJM Lesq.
PI. XXV, Figs. 2-4; PI. XXIX, Fig. 3.

Leaves deltoid in outline, truncate-rounded or broadly cuneate at base,
enlarged, round-lobed on each side in the lower part, ovate, obtuse or
obtusely pointed at apex; median nerve straight; secondaries parallel,
numerous, the lower pairs in the lobes craspedodrome, the upper suljcamp-
todi'ome.

The leaves are of medium size, 7''"' to S"" long, but the round upper
part of one seen on PI. XXV, Fig. 4, apparently belongs to a much larger
leaf. They are enlarged in the lower part into two opposite round lobes,
abruptly rounding or cuneiform to the petiole, contracted above the lobe in
more or less definite sinuses, then slightly enlarged upward and ovate or
oblong rounded to an obtuse or obtusely pointed apex.

This species differs essentially from L. primcevum and the other species
of the genus by the entire, not emarginate apex, the leaves being thus
merely once lobed on each side of the enlarged base instead of bilobate at
the apex, and also by the numerous proximate secondaries, simple or fork-
ing near their extremities. The fragment (PI. XVI, Fig. 4) may represent a
different species. It has the secondaries more distant, more cui-ved in pass-
ing toward the borders, and more distinctly camptodi'ome.^

•Prof. Lesqaereux has left a very brief uote relating to this species, ia which he compares it to
L. Procaccinii Ung. (Saporta and Mariou, Fl. de Mesimieux, PI. xxxili, Figs. 3-5). He then adds that
"if these are same as L. islandicum, some of my species should be abandoned."- As he has given no
further indication of his wishes I have preferred to retain everything as he left it.— F. H. K.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 205

Habitat: Seveu miles from Glascoe, Kansas. Nos. 425 and 472 of the
Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts. No. 126
of the collection of Mr. R D. Lacoe, from Pipe Creek, Cloud County,
Kansas.

LmiODENDKON Meekii Heer.
PI. XXVIII, Figs. 5, 6.

Phyll. Oret. du Nebr., p. 21, PI. it, Figs. 3, 4 ; Newberry, Illust. Cret. and Tert. PI., PI.
VI, Fig. 5 ; Lesquereux, Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 73.

Leaves small, constricted in the middle, panduriform, round, lobate at
base, deeply emarginate; lobate at apex.

The species is represented only by the two figures copied in Heer's
Phyll Crdt. du N^br. (loc. cit.), from figures communicated by Dr. F. V.
Hayden. The same figm-es have also been reproduced in NewbeiTy's
Illustr. (loc. cit.). No other leaves of this character have been found either
in Greenland or in Kansas. Prof. Heer has considered them as mere vari-
eties of the preceding species, of which the leaves have been abundantly
found in Greenland, and has described them in Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, Abth. 2,
p. 89, as i. Meekii var. gemdnum. As far as can be seen from the figure the
difference is in the smaller size of the leaves of the so-called variety, and
the contraction in the middle producing two round, lateral, basilar lobes,
and by emargination of the apex two upper lobes of the same character.

These leaves do not appear to merely represent a variety but a species,
derived from the original simple form by median contraction producing
more complex, lobed leaves. To strengthen his supposition that the lobate
form is a mere variety. Prof. Heer recalls the fa ct that L. tulipifera L. has
not only leaves of very different size, but also of various forms, among
them some nearly circular small ones not at all lobate, but merely flat or
emarginate at apex, like that of PL XXIX, Fig. 4. But the small leaves of
the living species are undeveloped forms appearing later at the base of the
annual branchlets, and always very few in number in comparison to those
of a normal form and of a whole tree. In case of preservation by fossili-
zation they should, of course, be very rarely found, while those of a perfect
state of conformation would be most common. Here we have, on the con-
trary, an abundance of the entire leaves merely emarginate at apex, most
of all being larger than the compound ones. I therefore regard the simple
form as the original, the others as local, though derived from it; and these
of course may be admitted as varieties or as species. From the remarkablf^

206 THE FLORA OP THE DAKOTA GEOUP.

diversity of characters seeu in tlie leaves of Liriodeudroii described in this
vokime, I beHeve that no botanist woukl be disposed to consider them as
mere varieties of the original, obovate, simple leaves.
Habitat : Nebraska. Specimens not seen.

LiKIODENDRON GIGANTBUM Lesq.

PI. XXV, Fig. 1; PI. XXVI, Fig. 5; PI. XXVII, Fig. 1.
Cret. FL, p. 93, PI. sxii. Fig. 2; Oret. and Tert. Fl., p. 74.

Leaves large, broadly bilobate on each side, deeply emarginate at
apex; lobes at riglit angles or obliqne, oblong, obtuse; sinuses deep, com-
paratively narrow ; lateral nerves simple, oblique, parallel, straight, and stout.

There are many leaves of this species, all large, the largest (PL XXVI,
Fig. 3) measuring 16.5"™ in width between the extremities of the lower
lobes, lO*"" in length from the top of the petiole (broken) to the apex of the
median nerve, or 16™ to the top of the upper lobes. The secondaries,
wliich of course follow the angle of divergence of the lobes, are at an angle
of 50° to 80° to the median nerve. The leaf (PI. XXV, Fig. 1) has the
lobes more oblique, narrower, while that shown in PL XXVII, Fig. 1, has
the lobes more open and more deeply divided. But all are evidently of
the same species and of tke same ckaracter as tke one described in Cret.
FL, p. 93, PL XXII, Fig. 2, which is only a fragment of the upper part of
an apicial lobe.

Habitat: Two miles from Grlascoe, Kansas. Nos. 206, 335, and 513 of
the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

LiKIODENDRON GIGANTEUM var. CETJCLFOKME Lesq.

PI. XXVIII, Figs. 1, 2.

Liriodendron crimforme Lesq., Cret and Tert. Fl., p. 74 ; Bull. Mas. Comp. Zool.,
Cambridge, vol. 7, pt. 6, 1881, p. 227.

This variety as seen from better preserved specimens merely differs
from the normal form by the lobes being nearly at right angles, more deeply
cut to the narrow sinuses, less oblique and merely obtusely pointed; the
nervation is of the same type.

Habitat: Elkkorn Creek, Kansas. Nos. 192 and 197 of the Museum
of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 207

LiRIODENDRON INTERMEDItJM Lesq.

PL XXV, Fig. 5.
Cret. FL, p. 93, PI. xx, Fig. 5; Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 74.

Leaves large, naiTowly bilobate at the base, deeply emarginate by the
upward direction of the upper borders, forming oblong, lanceolate obtuse
lobes far distant from the lower ones.

Of this species, which as yet is not sufficiently known, a second speci-
men has been obtained representing, like the fii"st described in Cret. Fl.
(loc. cit.), merely the upper part of a leaf The space between the upper
and lower lobes is long, and thus the sinuses which separate them are
scarcely observable, though at its base the specimen shows an evidently
enlarging part or the oi'igin of a lobe apparently large and at right angles.
The secondaries are less distant than in L. semialatum and are caniptodrome.

Habitat: Two and one-half miles from Glascoe, Kansas. No. 504 of
the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

LtEIODBNDBON ACUMINATUM Lesq.
PI. XXVII, Figs. 2, 3.

Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 74; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge, vol. 7, pt. 6, 1881, p. 227.

Leaves smaller, about half as large as those of L. giffanteum, cut later-
ally into two pairs of narrow, linear, acuminate lobes.

The leaves, which are not coriaceous, though thickish, are rounded or
truncate at base; the lobes, diverging 40° to 50° from the median nerve,
10"" to 12°"° broad, 5™ to 7''°' long, are separated by long or broad sinuses;
the upper ones are shorter than the lower, each traversed in the middle by
a strong craspedodrome secondary nerve with a second thin and campto-
drome nerve near the basal border. None of the nerves are branching; no
nervilles are distinct.

Habitat: Two miles south of Glascoe, Kansas. Nos. 504a and 508 of
the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

LiRIODBNDKON ACUMINATUM Var. BILOBATUM n. Viir.
PL XXVIII, Fig. 4.

Leaves of the same character as those of the noi'mal form, differing by
the lower lateral lobes being cut to the middle into two obliquely diverging,
lanceolate, obtusely pointed lobes.

This form, which was originally considered as a species, is really a mere
variety of L. acuminatum, from which it differs by the subdivision of thQ

208 THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

lower lobes, like that often observed in the leaves of Aralia. It is an
anomaly in the genus Liriodendron. Nevei'theless a subdivision souiewhat
like that of this leaf is remarked in the leaf of L. islandicum Sap. & Mar.
(Fl. de Meximieux, PI. xxxiii, Fig. a), considered by some authors as a
variety of L. Procaccmii Ung. It has the lower lobes cut into two sharply
pointed lobes, though the base of the leaves is generally entire, as in L. Pro-
caccinii Uug., as well as in those of the living L. tnUpifera L. The char-
acter of nervation is the same in the variety as in the normal form, there
being merely two lateral nerves in each lobe instead of one.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Ellsworth County, Kansas. Nos. 10b and
10c of the museum of the University of Kansas; A. Wellington, collector.

Liriodendron Wellingtonii, sp. uov.
PI. XXVIII, Pig. 3.

Leaves coriaceous, of medium size, divided laterally into two long,
linear obtuse lobes ascending at an acute angle of divergence, the lower
nearly twice as long as the upper ones, curving inside; lateral nerves thin,
parallel.

This fine leaf could scarcely be understood without a figure. It is
broadly wedgefonn and rounded at base to a thin petiole ; the lower lobes,
diverging at base at an angle of 40°, soon curve inward, ascending nearly
vertically from the middle to the somewhat enlarged, obtuse apex ; the
upper are shorter, at an angle of divergence of 40°.

Though of a type closely related to that of L. acuminatum^ this leaf
can not be considered as a variety of that species, except by admitting that
all the forms described here are mere modifications of an original extremely
variable type whose leaves could all have been growing upon the same tree
and are therefore not separable into species. From the diversity of the
leaves described here this supposition is certainly not admissible.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Ellsworth County, Kansas. Collector,
Mr. A. Wellington, to whom the species is dedicated. Nos. 1 1 and 1 1 b of
the museum of the University of Kansas.

DESOKIPTION OF SPECIES. 209

LlEIODENDRON PINNATIFIDUM Lesq.

PI, XXVII, Figs. 4, 5.
Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 76 ; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, vol. 7, pt. 6, 1881, p. 227.

Leaves coriaceous, with surface polished, hnear, piuuately alternately
lobed ; lobes short, obtuse truncate or angular, abruptly narrowed into an
obtusely lobate or subtruncate apex, separated by broad, unequal sinuses.

This form is very peculiar; but although the specimen is fragmentary,
it appears clearly defined and referable to this genus. The fi-agment pre-
served is lO"" long, 4"" broad at the middle, a little narrowed upward to a
truncate apex and downward to the rounded base. It is cut on each side
into three alternate short obtuse or truncate lobes, separated by broad, flat
or half round sinuses, the lower of which are much shorter than the upper
ones- The lateral nerves are close, numerous, camptodrome, often forking
near the borders, where they become effaced, their angle of divergence
being 50°.

The fragment (Fig. 5) appears to be referable to this species, tliough its
nervation, which is of the same type as that of PL XXV, Fig. 4, is differ-
ent from that of PL XXVII, Fig. 4. The nervation of this last fragment
is of the same character as that of L. semialatuin as seen in PL XXV, Figs.
2, 3, where the nerves are quite as proximate at the same angle of diverg-
ence, forked and effaced near the borders.

Habitat: Two and one-half miles from Glascoe, Kansas. Nos. 526
and 531 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massa-
chusetts.

LlEIODENDRON SNOWII, Sp. DOV.

PI. XXIX, Figs. 1, 2.

Leaves large, ovate in outline, emarginate at apex, pinnately, horizon-
tally divided into linear, obtuse lobes, distant and distinct for their whole
le;igth, attached by their whole base to the thick median nerve-like pinnules
of a compound leaf, curved down at base or slightly decurring to the mid-
rib, inclined upward and somewhat enlarged to their outer end, each with
one or two secondaries, parallel, the upper near to the borders, the lower
stronger, more prolonged, both joined and anastomosing with thin, margi-
nal tertiaries which follow close to the bordei's in festoons.

The leaves are so remarkably different from those of the normal form
of Liriodendron, that it is at first difficult to see how thev are identified
with the genus. Nevertheless, considering the divisions and subdivisions

MON XVXI 14

210 THE FLORA OP THE DAKOTA GROUP.

of the lamina into linear, acute or obtuse lobes in L. acuminatum, L. Well-
ingtonii, L. phuiaillidum, etc., one is forced to admit, esi)ecially from the
character of the nervation, that they pertain to Liriodendron.

The fragments show the essential parts of what at first seem to be
compound leaves. The lobes on each side of the median nerve are sub-
opposite, about 5""" long, 1°™ broad near the base, 17"" toward the apex,
where they are either entire, obtiise, or lobate, separated by a distance about
equal to that of their width, like the lobes of L. pinnatifidum, which, how-
ever, are not cut deep to the median nerve. This remarkaljle species shows
more than any other of the genus the tendency to variability in the leaves
of the Dakota Group.

Habitat: Ellswoiih County, Kansas. No. 4 of the museum of the
University of Kansas ; A. Wellington, collector. Fig. '2 is that of a speci-
men recently sent from Kansas, now in the collection of Mr. R. D.' Lacoe.

LlRIOPHYLLUM OBCORDATUM Lesq.

PI. XXVIII, Fig. 7.
Cret. and Tert. FL, p, 77.

Leaf obovate, deeply emarginate or split at apex, in the direction of
the midi'ib, narrowed and cuneate to the base; median nerve narrow, rigid;
secondaries few, thin, at an acute angle of divergence, simple, oblique,
effaced near the borders.

This small leaf, by its deeply, narrowly emarginate apex and by its
nervation, has its affinity more distinctly marked with Liriophyllum than
with Liriodendron. It is nearly 3'^'" long, not quite 1.5"'" broad in the upper
part, with two pairs of thin secondaries ascending high at an angle of di-
vergence of 30° and curving at a distance from the borders ; the jDetiole is
destroyed. Though comparable to some of the figures given by Heer as
varieties of Liriodendron Meekii, it evidently differs in essential characters,
viz, the prolongation of the upper pair of secondaries to near the apex of
the upper borders or lobes of the leaf, as in those of LiriophyUum populoides
Lesq. (Cret. and Tert. FL, PI. xi. Figs. 1, 2).

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. Specimen in the Museum of
Comparative Zoology of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Liriophyllum Beckwithii Lesq.

Oret. and Tert. Fl., p. 76, PL x, Fig. 1; Hayden's Auu. Rept., 1876, p. 482.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 211

LiRioPHTLLUM POPULOiDES Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 76, PI. xi, Pigs. 1, 2.

Carpitbs liriophylli Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 77, PI. xi, Fig. 5.

Dbwalquea dakotensis, sp. nov.
PI. LIX, Figs. 5, 6.

Leaves large, compound, with a main petiole somewhat thick as seen
frojn the fragment figured, pedate-digitate, tripartite, segments or leaflets
petiolate, lanceolate, entire, obtuse or apiculate, broken at apex; median
nerve stout; secondaries variable in distance, parallel, oblique, and camj)-
todrome.

One of the leaflets, which is half as long as the others, appears to be
a lateral one, being gradually enlarged up to near the apex, there rounding
to a short mucro.

These fragments are comparable to the leaflets of Dewcdquea gelinden-
ensis Sap. & Mar.^, being especially like Fig. 3 of this last plate, the leaves
from Kansas having the leaflets a little broader, the main pedicel slightly
thicker, the pedicels of the leaflets of the same size and length, naked from
the base of the leaflets which are narrowed at base to the petiole and join
it without decurring to it.

The leaflets are apparently long, but the upper part is destroyed. The
preserved fragment is 8"° long, with a petiole 1""" to 2™" broad. One of them
(PI. LIX, Fig. 5) bears on the side the remains of the common petiole. The
leaflets generally become narrowed near the apex to a short acumen, or
become mucronate, as in the smaller leaflet mentioned above, which is only
^om ^Qjjg .^y^([ 2'='" broad in its upper part.

None of the species described by Heer from the Cretaceous of Green-
land. D. insignis Heer,^ with the dentate leaflets ; D. grcenlandica Heer,^ also
described from Patoot, with leaflets gradually narrowed and decurring to
the petiole, nor B. heldemiana Sap. & Mar., described from mere fragments
in the Patoot Flora, have even a distant relation to the species from Kansas.

Habitat: Kansas.

1 V^g. Mames Heers. Gelind., p. 61, PI. viii, Figs. 3, 4; PI. ix, Figs. 1-7.

2P1. Fobs. Arct., vol. 6, Abth. 2, p. 86, PI. xxv, Fig. 7; PI. xxxni. Figs. 14-16.

=>Loc. cit., p. 87, PI. xxix, Figs. 18, 19; PI. xlii, Fig. 6; PI. xliv, Fig. 11.

212 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

GENERA AND SPECIES OF UNCERTAIN RELATION.

ASPLDIOPHYLLUM DENTATUM Lesq.

PI. XXXIX, Fig. 1.
Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 88.

Leaves large, palmately thi-ee nerved from above the base ; five-lobate
by the division of the lateral lobes; lobes oblong, obtuse, and obtusely
dentate or deeply nndnlate on the borders; primaries rather narrow. The
leaf is constricted at base into a fanlike obtusely five-toothed shield, cover-
ing the top of the petiole.

This species has been described from the specimen figured here. In
comparison with the leaves of A. trilobatum this one is somewhat smaller,
but a large leaf nevertheless. From the forking of the primary lateral
nerves above the base it is evident that the leaf is five-lobate ; but as yet I
have not seen any specimens indicating the form of these lateral lobes, none
of the leaves of A. trilohatmn showing a disposition to a five-lobate division.
The leaf is comparable to that of Sassafras (AraliopsisJ dissectum (PL XIV,
Fig. 1), the form of the median lobe and the disposition of the secondaries
being about the same in both leaves, differing much, however, by tlie basilar
appendage or stipule and the more obtusely dentate or lobed borders.

The basilar shield of Aspidiophyllum has a great aflfiuit}^ to the basilar
expansion remarked upon some of the largest leaves of Platanus occiden-
talis, which are sometimes prolonged dowmward to a round, entire, or lobed
stipular base, covering the upper part of the top of the petiole or of the
median nerve in its continuation to the petiole, which passes underneatli.
Tliis, as has ali-eady been remarked, is not the only point of affinity that
tlie leaves of Sassafras (Araliopsis) and Aspidiophyllum have with those of
Platanus, the nervation of all being of the same type.

Habitat: Probably Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 614 of the col-
lection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, of Cambridge, Massa-
chusetts.

Aspidiophyllum pxatanifolium Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. FL, p. 88, PI. ii. Fig. 4.

Aspidiophylltjm: trilobatum Lesq.

Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 87, PI. xii, Fig. 1; PI. xiii, Pigs. 1-5 ; PI. xiv. Fig. 1.

BESCEIPTION OF SPECIES. 2V6

Eremophyllum fimbriatum Lesq.

Cret. PL, p. 107, PI. vii. Fig. 1.

Ficus f fimhriata Lesq., Am. Jour, Sci. and Arts, series 2, vol. 46, 1868, p. 96.

Phtllites ilicifolius, sp. nov.
PI. X, Pig. 9.

Leaf thick, coriaceous, entire, oblong lanceolate, rounded at base and
apex? (destroyed); median nerve very thick, disproportionally so in com-
parison to the lateral nerves; secondaries distant, straight and oblique to
above the middle, there abruptly cm-ved upward, ascending parallel to the
borders, but at a distance from them, emitting from the back of the bows
oblique or curved nervilles toward the borders.

The conformation of the leaf is peculiar. Its preserved part, which is
10"" long and 5"™ broad toward the base, has a median nerve 3°"" in diam-
eter in its lower part, above the short petiole, and six pairs of secondaries
diverging 50° to 60°, going straight up to a distance from the borders and
anastomosing- in forming flat bows, a nervation similar to that of the leaves
of Hedycarya arborea J. et G. Forst, of New Zealand.

The leaf has a distinct affinity to Ilex borealis Heer, of which a leaf is
represented in PL XXXV, Fig. 8.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 208 of the collection of Mr.
R. D. Lacoe.

Phyllites Lacoei, sp. nov.
PL XLV, Fig. 6.

Leaf very thick, petioled, flabelliform, enlarged on the side, broader
than long, subtruncate at base, crenulate all around ; primary nerve thick,
percurrent ; secondaries inequi distant, parallel, seven pairs, the lower oppo-
site, the upper alternate, craspedodrome with their few branches; areola-
tion very small, quadrate.

This leaf has some likeness to that of PI. XLV, Fig. 2, described as
Protophyllum erassum, but by its form only, for the nervation is pinnate, the
lower secondaries from the base of the leaf oblique, at an angle of diver-
gence of 40°, nuuiing straight to the boi'ders, with few thinner branches,
all craspedodi'ome.

Habitat : Kansas. No. 4156 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

214 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Phyllites Snowii, sp. uov.
PI. XXXVIir, Fig. 2.

Leaf large, of thin texture, ovate, obtuse, truncate and inequilateral
at base, minutely dentate ; primary nerve narrow, secondaries thin, open,
nearly straight and parallel, the lower branching.

The leaf, which is 10""' long and d"^ broad in the middle, has the
aspect of a leaf of Platanus, and also resembles, in some characters, leaves of
Protophyllum. It differs from both by its abnormal form, being inequilat-
eral or more prolonged at base on one side than on the other. Its nerva-
tion is pinnate, the secondaries being all alternate, eight pairs, at an angle
of 60°, the lowest branching and anastomosing in bows along the truncate
base without connection to a basilar veinlet; the others craspedodrome as
well as their divisions; nervilles distinct and distant, simple and flexuous.

I do not know of any distinct relationship of this leaf to any fossil
species. It is comparable to Ahiifes gramUfoVms Newb. (Illustr. Cret. and
Tert. PL, Pl. iv, Fig. 2), a fragment without description, in which the rela-
tion to Alnus is very obscure. On account of the leaf being inequilateral
it might rather be compared to some species of Ulmus, as_ U. crassinervia
Ett. (Flora v. Bihn, p. 63 (139), PI. xviii, Figs. 28 and 29), or U. diptera
Steenstr., as represented by Heer in Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 1, p. 149, PI. xxvii,
Fig. 3.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 765 of the museum of the
University of Kansas ; E. P. West, collector.

Phyllites Vanon^ Heer.
PI. XX, Fig. 9; PI. XLII, Fig. 5.

Phyll. Cr6t. du Nebr., p. 22, PI. i, Fig. 8; Lesquereux, Cret. FL, p. 113, PI. xx, Fig. 7;

PI. xxviir, Fig. 8.

Leaves of this species of medium size, entire, ovate, blunt at apex,
generally without any trace of nervation as described (loc. cit.), are not
rare in the Dakota Grroup. Those I have figured here have the secondaries
distinct though very thin. The secondaries are opposite, proximate, se^-en-
teen to eighteen paus on one of the leaves, the largest more distant on tli;^
other, where they are partly effaced. This nervation and also the form of
the leaves seem to refer them to Ficus or to some Leguminosites. They
are comparable for their form to Ficus pulcJierrima Sap.,^ which has the sec-

'fitudea, pt. 1,P1. VII, Fig. 2.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 215

ondaries of the same type but more distant and more curved, and also to
Leguminosites phaseolites Heer.^ All of these leaves are fragmentary and
much smaller; Figs 8-10 have the secondaries close, at an acute angle of
divergence, camptodrome, like those of Fig. 9. The relation is distant.
Habitat: Kansas. Represented in all the collections named,

Phyllites laxjeencianus, sp. nov.
PI. XLIV, Fig. 5.

Leaf small, truncate at base, lanceolate acuminate, not coriaceous but
with polished surface, pinnately nerved; median nerve rigid, secondaries
six pairs, equidistant and parallel, arched near the borders and incumbent
in marginal, distinct, simple bows.

This leaf, which is 3""" long and 2*"" broad, is broken at the base, but is
apparently truncate, inequilateral, slightly curved at the sharply pointed
apex. No relation is as yet found to it.^

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 846 of the museum of the
University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Phyllites perplbxits, sp. nov.
PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 1.5.

A transverse fragment of a compound leaf with two opposite, very
small leaflets, at right angles to the rachis, 5"" long, a little more than 1"""
broad, linear, entire, obtuse, slightly curved upward with a thin, median
nerve and two pairs of altei-nate, oblique secondaries curving toward the
borders. Fragment of uncertain relation.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 797 of the museinn of the
University of Kansas ; E. P. West, collector.

Phyllites celatus, sp. nov.
PI. LXI, Fig. 1.

Leaf enlarged, round, oval, entire at apex, gradually passing down-
ward into a naiTOw, linear, flat coUum, abruptly enlarged at its base into a
broader, round appendage or pelta, pierced at tlie middle and traversed l)y
the base of the midrib, which passes undei'iieath; midrib of medium size,
straight and distinctly marked; secondaries in the round part of the leaf,
straight, oblique, equidistant, strong, parallel, craspedodrome, with few

1 Fl. Foss. Arct., vol 3, pt. 2, p. 118, PI. xxxiv, Figs. 7-11.

"In a Bubsequeut brief note Prof. Lesquereux adds : "A leaf in Engelhardt, Nova Acta, vol. ;58,
1876, PI. XXVII, Figs. 2.5-27, named Cassia eordifolia Hcer, lias form and sis-.e of my Fig. .'>, PI. XLIV,
bnt it Las no nerves. It (mine) can, however, be named Cassia or Legnminosites." — F. H. K,

216 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

branches, tliose of the cohimn irreguhir, at right angles to the midrib, curved
upward; those of the pelta descending to it fi'om the base of tlie midrib,
there diversely ramose.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2722 of the U. S. National
Miiseum.

Phyllites sp.
PI. LIX, Fig. 7.

A mere fragment, being only the lower half of an entire coriaceous
leaf, which is lanceolate, narrowed to the base of the midrib, which is
slightly enlarged into a very short petiole, penninerved ; median nerve com-
paratively strong; secondaries very oblique, parallel and equidistant, straight
or undulate in passing toward the borders, camptodrome, anastomosing in
short bows at a distance from the borders, which they follow in double
areoles.

The divergence of the secondaries is only 30°, there being seven pairs
of secondaries, which are very distinct upon the fragment of a leaf, which
is only 5*"" long and about 3"" broad at the middle. The secondaries are
deep and strong, except the lowest, which are comparatively very thin and
follow the borders, where they anastomose with branches of that above it.

The fragment is comparable to the leaf of Laurus Haidingeri Ett., as
figured in Fl. v. Biliu, pt. 1, PI. xxx, Fig. 8, at least for its peculiar nervation.

Habitat: Kansas.

Phyllites stipxtl^formis, sp. nov.
PI. LXI, Fig. 2.

Apparently the upper part of two leaflets of a compound or bifid leaf
whose real form is consequently unknown. The fragment is of coarse tex-
tm-e, irregularly ovate, truncate or lacerate at base, obtuse; the two apices
turned toward each other, the nervation very coarse and irregular, more like
that of a double leaf-like stipule, the secondary nerves parallel or diverging
above Avith short, thick branches, straight or oblique to the borders, and
deep nervilles variable in distance and direction.

Habitat: Kansas.

Phyllites erostjs, sp. nov.
PI. LXI, Fig. 4.

Leaf of medium size, coriaceous, ovate, lanceolate, obtuse at apex,
narrowed and cimeiform at the base, entire, irregularly cut at tlie l:)order as
if gnawed into by animals, petiolate; midrib percurrent; secondaries nearly

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 217

at right angles to it, slightly curved in passing toward the borders, numerous,
abruptly curved and incumbent near the borders, camptodrome.

The leaf could be compared to some species of Ficus, like F. multi-
nervis Heer, by its nervation; but the petiole is like a coiatinuity of tlie
midi'ib, being flat and narrow. The secondaries are numerous, nearly at
right angles, with some trace of thinner, parallel tertiaries, which, however,
are scarcely observable; the areolation is totally obsolete. Tlie leaf is
7.5""" long, nearly 3*"" broad at the middle, with a petiole l.S""" long, appar-
ently broken. The secondaries are 3""" to 4""" distant at the base, and
diverge from the midi'ib at an angle of 70°.

Habitat: Near Fort Barker, Kansas. No. 2726 of the U. S. National
Museum.

Phyllites amissus, sp. nov.
PI. LXII, Fig. 1.

Leaf of medium size, coriaceous, elliptical, emarginate at apex, entire,
slightly narrowed toward the base and rounding in joining the median
nerve; midrib thick or rather stout, nearly equal its whole length; second-
aries eleven to twelve pairs, open, diverging 60° from the midrib, slightly
curving, disappearing before reaching the borders, apparently camptodrome.

The leaf is d.d""^ long, 4""" wide in the middle. The leaf is emarginate
at the apex and by its form may be compared to Sapotacites retusus Heer,'
but the nervation is of a far different type. As yet the generic relation is
not known. Rather referable to Bombax and comparable to B. ohlonyifolium
Ett.,^ from which it differs by the broader, oval size of the leaves and the
somewhat longer secondaries.

Habitat: Near Fort Harker, Kansas. No. 2756 of the U. S. National
Museum.

Phyllites aristolochijEfoemis, ap. nov.
PI. LIX, Fig. 8.

Leaves sagittate-hastate, auricled at base, tapering up from tlie base
and acuminate, entire ; texture thin ; midrib narrow, percurrent ; seconda-
ries oblique, camptodi-ome, very thin; uervilles curved and branching into
a large irregular areolation.

This leaf is 5""" long and 3"™ broad above the base, where it is rounded
into unequal lobes or auricles, only one descending lower than the base

'PI. Foes. Arct., vol. 7, p. 32, PI. i,xi, Fig. 10.
«F1. V. Biliu, pt. 3, PI. XLli, Fig. 10,

218 THE PLOEA OP THE DAKOTA GROUP.

of the midrib. It appears of thin texture, the midi-il) being narrow ; the
secondaries numerous, jjarallel, at an acute angle of divergence of nearly
50°, and a little curved in passing toward the borders, incumbent and camp-
todrome.

The form of the leaf, at least in its lower part, is verj similar to that
of the fragment of Aristolochia mceqimUs Heer (Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, PI.
xcii. Fig. 2), from the Miocene of Bear Island. But the whole leaf does
not show the character of the leaves of Aiistolochia, as all the secondaries
appear oblique from the midi-ib, none of the lower being turned downward
into the lobes or auricles. Except for this difference the nervation and
areolation correspond to that of the leaf figured by Heer (loc. cit.), being
also similar to it by the unequally lobed base.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1246 of the collection of
Prof F. H. Snow ; E. P. West, collector.

Phyllites dueescens, sp. uov.
PI. LXI, Pig. 5; PI. LXII, Pig. 3.

Leaves coriaceous, flat or incurved along the borders, broadly oval,
entire, undulate, rounded at apex, narrowed to a long petiole, penninerved;
midrib straight and stout, percurrent; secondaries equidistant, parallel,
oblique, with few branches, craspedodi'ome.

These leaves are of large size, being narrowed and prolonged down-
ward, their borders nearly entire, their long petiole straight down as con-
tinuation of the raidi'ib and with distant parallel secondaries. They are
comparable to some species of Terminalia, like T. radobojana Ung., of the
Miocene of Europe, T. rectinerva Velen.,^ which, like that of the Miocene,
has the leaves narrow, but the secondaries are straight in passing toward the
borders and craspedodrome. The relation which is marked in the general
appearance is not really close.

The leaves are very variable in size, ranging from 6.5''"' iu length or
more, from 3.5"'" to 6.5*"° broad in the middle, the larger leaves having the
petiole like a continuation of the midrib 3""" long, inflated at the point of
attachrnent." They have six pairs of strong, alternate, oblique secondaries
diverging 40° to 45° from the midrib, according to the width of the leaves,
and passing straight to the borders with few branches.

Habitat: Probably all Ellsworth County, Kansas. Fig. 3, PI. LXXIV,
is No. 2749 of the U. S. National Museum.

'Fl. Bohm. Kreide., pt. 3, PI. v, Figs. 1, 2.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 219

Phyllites innectens, sp. nov.
PI. LXV, Pig. 6.

Leaf small, lanceolate, obtuse, enlarged above the base or bossed on
one side, apparently clasping by the base (destroyed) ; midrib conspicuous,
percmTent; secondaries few, very thin, oblique at base, arched, campto-
drome, distant, forming large festoons near the borders.

A fragment of peculiar form but not quite determinable, the base being
desti'oyed. It is 3.5"" long, obtuse, enlarged above the base to 1.5'^'" in
width, bossed on one side, inflexed on the other. No analogy i-ecognized.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1143 of the collection of Mi-.
R. D. Lacoe.

Phyllites khoifolius Lesq.
Cret. Fl., p. Ill, PI. XXII, Figs. 5, 6.

Phyllites rhomboideits Lesq.
Cret. Fl., p. 112, PI. vi, Fig. 8.

Phyllites umbonatus Lesq.
Cret. Fl., p. 113, PI. xix, Fig. 4.

Apparently a small, deformed, and fragmentaiy leaf of Liriophyllum
populoides Lesq. (Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 76, PI. xi. Figs. 1, 2).

Phyllites amokphus Lesq.

Cret. Fl., p. 113, PL xxii, Figs. 3, 4.

Ptbnosteobus nebrascensis Lesq.

Cret. FL, p. 114, PL xxiv, Fig. 1.

NORDENSKIOLDIA BOREALIS Heer.
PI. XLIV, Fig. 6.

Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 2, pt. 3, p. 65, PI. vii, Figs. 1-13.

Fruit capsular, dehiscent; carpels 10 to 12, woody, verticellate around
a central axis; seeds small, ovate.

Under this name and as described above, Heer has figured a largo
number of globose, capsular fruits, to which the one figured liere is appar-
ently referable. I have seen only two specimens of these fruits from the
Dakota Grroup, both partly embedded in a hard, ferruginous sandstone and
closed, except the upper part of the one figured here, which is partly broken.

220 THE FLOEA OF TH]B DAKOTA GROUP.

It is composed of about twelve divisions or carpels placed around a central
axis. Of the numerous figures of Heer (loc. cit.), it essentially resembles
Figs. 2c and 10a, being only a little larger. But Heer^ acknowledges as
representing the same species, fragments of still larger seed than the one I
Iiave figured. He considered it first as a fruit of Diospyros. He compares
the fruits to those of Abeibopsis, described in Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, PI.
cxviii, and also to those of Cucimntes variahUis Bowerb., from the London
clay. The relation of these fruits to Nordenskioldia may receive a higher
degree of axithority from the fact that fine leaves of Abeibopsis have been
found in the Dakota Group as well as in an upper stage of the Cretaceous,
as described below.

The identit)^ of the species with that of Heer is not positively ascer-
tained, though no appreciable difference is to be remarked.

Habitat: Kansas. Collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Caepites coedipormis, sp. nov.
PI. XXII, Fig. 9.

Fruit deeply impressed into the stone, cordiform, separated in the
middle by a deep, linear furrow, as though composed of two narrowly
obovate OAiiles, which are straight and confluent in the middle, rounded
above, curved on the sides, pointed at the upper end, convex on the surface.

The fruit is 12"'"'" long and 10°" broad in the upper part, and is not
flattened, but each of the ovules is convex, as if coimate in the middle along
the narrow line of separation. It seems thus conformed like the seeds of
Sapindus, comparable, for example, to 8. falcifoliiis as figured by Heer in
Fl. Tert. Helv., vol. 3, PI. cxx. Fig. 8, which is, however, smaller and oval.
As Heer remarks, p. 61 (loc. cit), in some species of Sapindus, S. saponarius
L., for example, the seeds or ovules are united by twos along a thin, linear
clasp. Of the simple, detached seeds the author has also figured a nunaber
(loc. cit., PI. cxxi, Fig. 2c), some of them rounded on one side, straight or
flat on the other, of such a shape that if two of them were connate along
the lineal side they would produce a fruit like that described above.

As the leaves of Sapindus are abundantly found in the Dakota Group,
the reference of this fruit to that genus seems authorized.

Habitat: Kansas. No. 4111 of the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

'Fl. Fobs. Arct., vol. 1, PL xlvii, Fig. 5f ; vol. 7, p. 125.

DESGEIPTION OF SPECIES. 221

Cakpites tiliaceus'? Heer.
PI. XXII, Figs. 6, 7.

Mioc. Bait. Fl., p. 101, PL xxx, Figs. 42, 43.

Fruit globose, with five carpels; carpels woody, verticellate.

Tliis roimd, small seed, as represented in Fig. 6, is similar to that
described and figured by Heer (loc. cit.). The identification is, however,
very uncertain, like that of those rare fossil fruits as yet found in the shale
of the Dakota Group. I consider Fig. 7 as a crushed fragmentary part of
the same species.

Habitat: Kansas. In the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

Caepites conigbk, sp. nov.
PI. 'XXXVIII, Fig. 17.

Seed round-conical, rounded at base, 5°"" long, and as large in the mid-
dle. Relation unknown.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 832 of the collection of the
museum of the University of Kansas. Collected by E. P. West.

Cakpites obovatus, sp. nov.
PL LXII, Fig. 5.

Fruit, hard, subglobose or lenticular, 4°"° long, 4°"° broad, subcuneate
at the upper slightly broader end, covered with a thick, leathery pulveru-
lent surface.

It is comparable to some fruits of the Laurinese. It is also like, but a little
smaller than, that figured by Heer without name or remark in the Miocene
Bait. Fl., PI. XXII, Figs. 18 and 19. It is half imbedded in a piece of fer-
ruginous sandstone and not accompanied by remains of leaves.

Habitat: Ellsworth County, Kansas. No. 1190a of the museum of the
University of Kansas; E. P. West, collector.

Cakpites? sp. Lesq.

CarpoUthes? Lesq., Oret. FL, p. 114, PL xxvn. Fig. 5; PL xxx, Pig. 11.

CaxiYCites sp.
PL XXII, Fig. 8.

Apparently a deformed calyx, with linear, short divisions. No relation
known to it.

Habitat: Kansas. In the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe.

TABLE OF DISTRIBUTION.

Table showing Ike diatribation of plants of the Dakota Group,

Aspleninm Dicksoniannm Heer

Gleichenia Kurriana Heer

Nordenskioldi Heer

l*odozamites aDgastifolius Schimp

lanceolatas Schimp

Pious Quenstedti Heer

Phyllocladus subintegrifolius Lx

Seqaoia Reichenbacbi Gein

fastigiata Heer

condit-a Lx ,

Glyptoatrobus gracUUnms Lx .

Populus Berggreni Hoer

hyperborea Heer.

Stygia Heer

Quercns (Dryopbyllum) hieracifolia Hos.

u. V. Mark

Myrica emarginata Heer

longaHeer

Jaglans arctica Heer

craasipea Heer

Platanua Heerii Lx

Liquidambar integrifoUum Lx

Ficna crassipes Heer

Kraasiana Heer

lanceolate -acaminata Ett

Artocarpidium cretaceum Ett

222

FORMATIONS IN WHICH SPECIES OF THE DAKOTA GROUP AKK ALSO FOUND.

She-
tic or
Lias.

TABLE OF DISTRIBUTION.

223

Table showing the distniuUon of plants of the Dakota Crroup — Contiuued.

FORMATIONS IN WHICH SPECIES OF THE DAKOTA GBOUP ARE ALSO FOUND.

Triassic.

Jurassic.

Cretaceous.

Khetic.

She-
tic or
Liaa.

Lias.

Oolite.

1

.1

i

1

.2 oo
^ p,

mat Neocomian.

Urgo-
nian.

Species of the Dakota Group that also
occur in other formations.

1

1

■i

£ s
SI X

«
■3

■i

B
«

3

.S

s

Id

1

3
1

It

a
s

1 !

i. i
•^3 p

r 1

OJ 1-3 M

1

h
li

i

•i
3

1

t
1

1

5

1

<1

ro 01 es ap noge

aurus p ^^^^^^^.^"^^

- * " flobumLx

assatras acu i o u

um Scheuchzeri Heer

innamom

D- ros rimajva Heer

X

e era 0 a ^^^^

'roBnlandica Heer

1 ^t** G initzi-' Heer

o u ^^P^^^^^^ coronilloides' Heer

,,''"° °f , jj er

X

_

P*"t TuumLeconteannmrx

X

224

THE FLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Table nhowing the distnbution of plants of the Dakota Group — Continued.

FORAUTIONS IN WHICH SPECIES OF THE DAKOTA GROUP ABE ALSO FOUND.

Cretaceou8.

Tertiary.

CenomaDiaD.

1

a

Senonian.

2

i
s

(a

i

o

s

Species of the Dakota Group that also
occur in other formations.

1

1

■a
O

1

fe.

a

s

1

1

1

1

in

■-

i

Is

1

i

2 .
go

1"

.2

.a

t

H

1
1

£ i

z

X

X

X

X

" 1- * 1 t S him ^

Pinus Quenstedti, Heer

X
X
X
X

X
X

X

. X
< X

X
X

X
X

X
X

X

X

X

X .

...

X
X
X

GI- tostrobus racilimus Lx

X
X
X

X
X
X
X

X .
X .
X .

hyperborea fleer

Quercus (Dryophyllum) hieracifolia Hos. u.

X

loDga Heer

X

X

X

X

Ficus craasipes Heer

X
X

X

X

X

iancifolins Heer

X

X

X

* °^ n brascensis Lx

X

X

....

u.

X

X

X
X

X
X

X

. X

ellip3oideum Sap. & Mar

X
X
X

X
X .

X

Steenstrnpi Hob

X .

TABLE OP DISTRIBUTION.

225

Table showing the distribution of plants of the Dakota Group — Continued.

FORMATIONS W WHICH SPECIES OF THE

DAKOTA GKOUP ARE ALSO FOUND

Cenoini

Cretaceoas.

Tertiary.

inian.

i

"3
S

Seuonian.

a

i

2
1

§

a

i

o

i

Species of the Dakota Groap that also
occur in other formations.

1

a

1

s

1

M

■

1
1

1 &

,£3

k

\ o'

it

3

■a

B

H

1

1
i

i

s

X
X

X

X

X

X

X
X

X

. X

X
X
X
X
X
X

Leguminosites coronilloides ? Heer

X

Paliurus ovalis Dn

Ilex borealis Heer

X

X
X

X

X

X

X

X
X
X
X
X

X

l---

MON XVII-

-16

ANALYSIS OP THE DAKOTA GROUP FLORA.

The Flora of the Dakota Group, as far as it is kiiowu to the present
time, is composed of 460 species, of which 6 are Ferns, 12 Cycads, 15
Conifers, 8 Monocotyledons, and 429 Dicotyledons; wliile that of the schists
of Atane, from which 274 species are known, has 31 Ferns, 8 Cycads, 27
Conifers, 8 Monocotyledons, and 197 species of dicotyledonous plants, mostly
represented by leaves. The diversity in the number of Ferns and Conifers
in these floras is very striking and seems at first to disprove their reference
to the same age. But that disparity is merely illusive and largely due to
local circumstances (to be fm-ther examined), for really, exce^Jt in the Ferns
and the Conifers, there is little difference in the composition of the two
floras. That of Atane has 1 1 per cent in Ferns, while that of the Dakota
Group has only 1^^ per cent, with 3 J per cent of Conifers against 10 per
cent in Atane ; the Cycads are 2f per cent of the vegetation in the Dakota
Group and 3 per cent in that of Atane, while the monocotyledonous jjlants
were slightly more predominant at Atane, and the Dicotyledons form 91
per cent of the Dakota Group flora and 72 per cent of that of Atane.

In considering the relative distribution of the dicotyledonous plants on
which we have essentially to rely in looking for the degree of relationship of
the floras, we find all the essential divisions and genera of plants represented
in the flora of the Dakota Group and in that of the schists of Atane, and
among them a large number of species identical in both.

Fu-st, the Apetalee have in both species of Myi-ica, Betula, Quercus, Pop-
ulus, Platanus, Ficus, Proteoides, Lomatia, Laui'us, Sassafras, and Ciimamo-
mum; the Gamopetalse have in both species of Diospyros and Andromeda;
the Polypetalse have species of Aralia, Hedera, Cissites, Comus, Magnolia,
Liriodendi'on, Menispermites, Sterculia, A^jeibopsis, Sapindus, Celastro-
phyllum, Ilex, Rhamus, Juglans, Rhus, Eucalyptus, and some Leguminosse.
Of the genera represented in the Flora of the Dakota Group and not in
that of Atane, the most important is Salix, of which abundant remains of
leaves and a fruiting catkin have been found in Kansas and Nebraska,
having been described by Heer, Newberry, and myself; Persea, which

226

ANALYSIS OP THE DAKOTA GROUP FLOEA. 227

counts little by its absence, as the leaves of related species of the Laurinete,
indifferently referred to Laurus or Persea ; Ai'istolochia, one species of
which is described by Heer from a single leaf in the PhyUites Cretacees du
Nebraska; Viburnum, Acer, Elseodendi-on and Crattegus, which may belong
to more recent types, as they have representatives in the Cretaceous of
Patoot; Hamamelites, Paliurus and Zizyphus, of which the few species ob-
served belong to the Dakota Group, and are also represented at Patoot.
The genus Protophyllum, which is remarkably abundant in the Dakota
Group, takes there the place of Credneria, whose remains are so character-
istic of the Cenomanian of Germany. From the schists of Atane, Heer has
described as Credneria a single poorly preserved leaf, possibly referable to
a peculiar genus derived from Protophyllum, but he has not described
species of Protophyllum. Of the number of species identified in both the
flora of the schists of Atane and that of the Dakota Group, we have in the
ferns one only, Asplenium Dicksonlanum Heer, which was first described
from the Lower Cretaceous of Kome. In the Cycads nearly the same
number of species are recorded in each flora, but none are identical. Of
the Conifers, four are identical, and in the dicotyledonous series there are
identified two species of Myrica, one of Quercus, three of Populus, one of
Platanus, two of Ficus, three of Laurus, one of Cinnamomum, one of Sas-
safras, two of Diospyros, two of Andi-omeda, one of Cissites, three of Mag-
nolia, two of Liriodendron, one of Juglans, and four of Leguminosse, making
in all thirty-four species, or about the one-fourteenth part of the whole
number of species described from the Dakota Group. The proofs of the
synchronism are really conclusive. For if we consider the distance between
the localities, which are separated by at least 35° of latitude, and conse-
(piently the probable difference in the atmospheric circumstances, with its
bearing upon the vegetation, the nature of the ground, etc., the relation of
the floras appears far more distinctly marked than is general between two
groups of plants of the same geologic age; the Miocene, for example,
represented by unlike species even at localities merely a few miles distant
from each other. But how can we explain the predominance of the Ferns
and Conifers in the Flora of Atane and the scantiness of plants of this kind
in tliat of the Dakota Group? Atmospheric humidity governs the land
vegetation in its nature and distribution. By its degree it regulates the
climate and the seasons. At the present epoch this generally known fact is
evidenced in the peculiar character and habitat of some groups of jjlants,
the Ferns and Conifers especially, which generally thrive upon moist

228 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GKUUP.

or tiliadv ground, or upon the slopes or the summits of mountains loathed
lJ^' the clouds, or along shores where they are constantly or periodically
moistened by the misty winds of the ocean. In the older geological times
the earth, whose heated crust by contact with ^vater caused constant and
prodigious Aaporization, was surrounded by a thick ^ail of A^apors impen-
etrable to the rays of the sun. This rendered the climatic conditions unal-
terable, not only locally but over the whole surface of the globe. Hence
the uniformity and peculiar character of the vegetation of the Devonian
and Cai'boniferous ages, composed, as they are, of semi-aquatic or amphib-
ious woody plants of gigantic size, such as Ferns and L}-copods. In the
floras of the subsequent ag-es, first the Permian for example, the Conifers
gradually become more abundant; then in the Triassic .and Jurassic the
Cycads increase in the number of their representatives, and thus the vege-
tation shows only the slow and gradual modification of some of its predom-
inant groups. But until the beginning of the Cretaceous, the variations
relate to certain specific or generic forms, but do not affect the general
character of the vegetation of the world, being still under the influence of
a superabundant atmospheric humidity. The vegetable remains are always
Acrogens, the Ferns especially being the predominant and less diversified
component of the ancient floras, with the Conifers and the Cycads next in
order. And even in the Wealden, which closes the Jurassic period, the
plants, as far as they are known by fossil remains, are still referable to the
same groups of plants as those of the Jurassic. It is only from the base
of the Cretaceous that the A^egetable remains show by certain characters a
marked diminiition in the influence of atmospheric humidity. Then the
thickened crust of the earth had gradually become more cooled; the misty
atmosphere was clearer and allowed the raAS of tlie sun to penetrate and
act directly upon the surface of the earth, which served to bring out local
or periodical alterations of climates, conditions, and seasons, and thus to
force under this new influence and by its action important changes in the
nature and aspect of the vegetation of the world, first by the introduction
of the Monocotyledons and soon after by that of Dicotyledons.

Perhaps, from the presence of one monocotyledonous sjjecies in the
flora of the Wernsdorf shale (Neocomian) and one of dicotydonous leaf and
of five Monocotyledons in the formation of Kome (Urgonian), from the
gi'eat decrease in the numljers of Cryptogams and Conifers and the pro-
digious multiplication c>f Dicotvledons in the schists of Atane (Cenomanian)
immediately superposed upon those of Kome, and in the formation of the

ANALYSIS OF THE DAKOTA GROUP FLOEA. 229

Dakota Group, we have an indication of the gradnal march and develop-
ment of the vegetation, and are enabled to refer the origin of the dicotyled-
onous plants to the beginning of the Cretaceous pei'iod. For the leaves
of Populus recognized in the Kome schists, though the first observed fossil
remains of a dicotyledonous plant, probably do not represent the species of
tliat class of vegetation first produced. The active influences producing
gradual modifications must have existed for long periods before definite
results could be recognized by naturalists in the remains of a dicotyledonous
flora. We can not, therefore, expect to discover and recognize the first
representative of the new race, that of the Dicotyledons ; but some valuable
conclusions on the nature and subsequent distribution of this new vegetable
group may be derived from studying the peculiar character of some of the
leaves of the Cenomanian. In looking over the leaves of the Dakota Group,
which, in a flora of 460 species, re23resent429 Dicotyledons, one can but
wonder at the work of nature which, in apparently so short a period, has
produced such an immense diversity of specific forms of leaves. The word
"specific" may seem hazardous. But it will suflice to examine the character
of a few of the leaves of the Dakota Group, to recognize not merely their
prodigious disposition to vary, but, at the same time, to eifect such great
modifications in character that the result of the variations has often to be
admitted as implying not merely specific but generic differences as well.

Considering the leaves of Liriodendron, for example, Ave find them
entire, ovate or oblong, always truncate or emarginate at the apex. In
Liriodendron primcgvum Newb. (PI. XXVI, Figs. 1-4), with its synonyms,
Legiiminosites Marcouanus Heer and Phyllites obcordatus Heer are consid-
ered by Heer as varieties of L. Meekii. It is the true original form named
again L. simpler) by Newberry, in bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Jan-
uary, 1887. The base of the leaf enlai-ges, as shown in Fig. 2, but the specific
relation is still preserved. Gradually the leaves become more enlarged,
rounded, broadly, distinctly lobed on each side in the lower part, but remain-
ing ovate, obtuse or obtusely pointed, instead of emarginate at apex, clearly
representing a new species, L. semialattim (PI. XXV, Figs. 2-4; PI. XXIX,
Fig. 3). Then, as seen in PI. XXVIII, Figs. 5, 6, the leaves become con-
stricted in the middle, deeply emarginate at apex, and finally fiddle-shaped
or bilobate on each side in L. Meekii Heer. Still preserving a closely allied
form, but being greatly enlarged, with lobes at right angles or oblique, the
leaves represent the remarkable L. giganteum, which is the Cretaceous type
of which the Tertiary, L. ProcaccinU, and the living L. tuUpifera are repi'e-

230 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

sentatives. This species is fig-tu-ed in PI. XXV, Fig. 1 ; PI. XXVI, Fig. 5, and
PI. XXVII, Fig. 1, and its variety cnicifornds in PL XXVIII, Figs. 1,2. From
it is derived L. intermedium, a species with large leaves, narrowly bilobate on
each side, deeply emarginate at apex distinguished by the obliqiie direction
of the iipper lobes, which are far distant from the lower, as shown in PI.
XXV, Figs. 2, 3, and by the forking or the division of the lower lobes,
the variety hUohata (PI. XXVIII, Fig. 4). Then by the upper lateral lobes,
which are simple, linear, obtuse, and ascending in an acute angle of diver-
gence, while the lower ones, curving upward, reach nearly as high as the top
of the upper, the leaves take a peculiar appearance, like that of some species
of Aralia as seen in L. Wellingfonii (PI. XXVIII, Fig. 3). And now another
peculiar mode of division is observable in tlie leaves of tlie genus. They
become alternately cut into a number of lateral lobes, either short, round,
obtuse, or truncate at the sides, as in PI. XXVII, Figs. 4, 5, which is L. pin-
natifidtim ; or they have the lobes cut not merely to the middle of the lamina,
as in the last species, but throughout to the median nerve, and are naixower,
being long, linear or rather slightly enlarged from the base to the rounded
or obtusely lobateapex, parallel and equidistant at base, appearing like leaflets
of a compound leaf, as seen in L. Snowii (PI. XXIX, Figs. 1, 2).^ Add to these
remarkable specific forms those described by Dr. Newberry in bulletin of the
Torrey Botanical Clulj, January, 1887, as Liriodendron ohlongifolium and L.
qiiercifoUum, leaves which are oval, bordered with long, sharp teeth, and
resembling oak leaves ; then the leaves described as L. obcordatmm, this
volume (PI. XXVIII, Fig. 7), and again, those of L. Beckwithii and L. pop-
uloides Lesq. (Cret. and Tert. Fl., PI. x. Fig. 1 ; PI. xi. Figs. 1, 2), and from
the whole series of forms there are evidently represented twelve well defined
species with marked varieties, and from this we may get an idea of the
extraordinary variability of the leaves of Liriodendron, at or near the oi'igin
of that genus, or nearly, as far as we know, of the first appearance of
dicotyledonous plants.

In the leaves legitimately referred to Sassafras by their peculiar char-
acters, and by the presence of fruits found with them in the same strata,
we have those of S. Mudgei and 8. acutilobum Lesq. (Cret. FL, PL xix), all
trilobate with entire lobes. In S. cretaceum (loc. cit., PL xi. Fig. 1), the
leaves, which are also trilobate, have the borders of the lateral lobes slightly

^The figures of this species of Liriodendron are mucli like that of Artocarpus, sp. nov., in Zittel's
Handbucli d. Paleontologie, vol. 2, p. 478, fig. 5, -which represents a leaf discovered in the Cretaceous
of Greenland by Prof. Nathorst. Generic difference is shown by the nervation and the emarginate apex.

ANALYSIS OF THE DAKOTA GROUP FLOEA. 231

dentate, a character which is not remarked in any of the Laurinese of the
present epoch.

But these leaves are very similar to those of the living Sassafras offici-
nale Nees., showing much the same disposition to remain entire, or merely
lobed on one side, as in S. subintegrifoUum, PL XIV, Fig. 2, of this work,
that one can but consider them as original representatives of the genus.
Moreover, a number of specimens of the same kind were found heaped ■
together as though derived from the same tree, which apparently bore
some leaves with borders entire, and others having leaves with the borders
mere or less deeply dentate. Then ^S*. mirabile Lesq. (Cret. FL, PI. xii.
Fig. 1) is founded upon trilobate leaves of the same shape as those of 8.
cretaceum, but more distinctly dentate and so large that they were originally
refeiTed to Platanus. And this analogy of characters or double affinity is
recognized as well in Platanus recurvata Lesq. (Cret. FL, PL x, Figs. 4, 5),
while some of the characters of Cissus or Cissites are seen in the leaves of
8. harkerianus Lesq. (loc. cit., PL xi), and those of Aralia in the species of
Sassafras (Araliopsis), a subdivision necessarily admitted to indicate the
double or multiple characters of a number of leaves of the Dakota Group.
Even this dualism of generic names is not sufficient to point out and clearly
indicate the generic relationship of some of these leaves. Is Sassafras (^Arali-
opsis) platanoldes Lesq. (Cret. and Tert. FL, PL vii. Fig-. 1) referable to Sas-
safras, to Aralia, or to Platanus? The splendid leaf of Sassafras (Araliopsis)
dissectum (PL XIV, Fig. 1, of this volume) has, in the divisions of the lateral
lobes, the character of Aralia, while by the size and the general outline it
is a Platanus, and still further by the basilar prolongation and the dentate
lobes it is merely a variation of Sassafras mirabile. In these leaves • the
transformation has merely acted upon the division of the lobes, the base, in
all the modifications, remaining prolonged downward in narrowing and
decurring to the petiole. But the metamorphosis further passes to the base,
which becomes rounded peltate and traversed by the petiole, as in
Aspidiophyllum trilobatum Lesq. (Cret. and Tert. FL, PL xiii), and takes a
new character allying it to that of some leaves of Meuispermites. Never-
theless, Aspidiophyllum leaves are, by their upper trilobate part and entire
lobes, so like those of Sassafras that the specimens found deprived of tlie
basilar portion of the leaves have generally been referred to this last genus.
And now what is Aspidiophyllum dentatum (PL XXXIX, Fig. 1, this vol-
ume)"? It is a distinctly trilobate leaf with bilobate and obtusely dentate
lobes like Sassafras dissectum, the base first contracted or strangled and then

232 THE FLOE A OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

enlarged into a round dentate pelta, traversed by the petiole. It is a leaf
of Aspidiophyllum by the general outline and tlie contracted base, while the
basilar ai)pendage or pelta is like a primordial form of the stipules, as in
PJafamis hasUohata Ward, of the Laramie Group, P. appmdiculata Lesq., of
tlie auriferous gravel formation of California., and definitively in P. occi-
dentaUs of the living flora. The leaves of this last species preserve mostly
■the characters already remarked in those of the Dakota Group and described
as belonging to Platanus immava^ though the first specimen described
(Lesquereux, Cret. Fl., PI. vii. Fig. 2) was only a mere fragment, and lias
in its outlines some likeness to Credneria. Now we have in PI. VIII,
together with an entirely preserved leaf of the same type, a raceme of
floAvers evidently warranting its reference to Platanus, and in PI. IX two
vai-ieties of leaves equally distinctly dentate like those of P. aceroidcs of the
Miocene, and of the living P. occidentalis. The same remark on the varia-
bility of the leaves of the Dakota Group might be made in comparing the
forms and characters of those which have been described as Aralia, Ster-
culia, Cissites, Menispermites, Protophyllum, etc. The transformations,
however, are not always so distinct or so widely different. In Acerifea
mnltiformis (PI. XXXIV, Figs. 1-9), for example, if we compare the extreme
forms, that of Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, the leaves seem to represent two well
characterized species. But in pursuing the comparison througli the inter-
juediate tbruis, one can not say where to break the chain of relation for
the introduction of a new species. The leaves in this case evidently sliow
a disposition to metamorphosis, but it is limited to a certain degree or to
gradiial modifications, comparable indeed to what is observed sometimes at
our epoch among the leaves of a single tree.

It is difficult to understand what influences have acted upon the plants
of the Cretaceous in producing the transformation recognized in the appear-
ance of the first dicotyledonous leaf But it is rational to admit that this
influence, once in activity, has been continued and has rapidly multii)lied
and diversified the organization of the first representatives of the Dicoty-
ledons.

But how is it that, though the vegetable types are so easily and so
diversely modified near their origin, that the essential characters of many
of them remain persistent and ma}^ be recognized in the plants of more
recent periods, being there traced by their generic representatives and
even recognized in the flora of the present epoch? I have already as-
serted that most of the types of the arborescent flora of North America

ANALYSIS OF THE DAKOTA GROUP FLOSA. 233

were present in that of the Dakota Group, and that most of them had left
remains of alhed specific or generic forms in the intermediate periods. In
support of the assertion I may be excused for briefly reviewing the distri-
l)ution of the more important types of the flora of the Dakota Group as far
as they are recognized in the succeeding formations.

The Myricacese have only the genus Myrica, which is represented by
nineteen species in the flora of the Dakota Group, two of wliich are iden-
tified in the schists of Atane, one of these passing also to the Upper Creta-
ceous stage of Patoot. Of the species of the Dakota Group Mjirica
emarginata Heer, recognized at Atane and Patoot, has its relation to M.
salicina of the Miocene; another, M. aspera Lesq., is the type of Jf. certfera
Linn., the baybeny or wax mjTtle now inhabiting the sea and lake shores
of the United States; M. Sferuhergii has its afiinity to a species found at
Sezanne. Leaves of Myrica of coriaceous textm-e, having the nervation
more or less obscured by immersion in the thick parenchyma, are generally
of difficult determination, and their generic references therefore remain
doubtful in some cases for a long time. Myrica longa Heer, for example,
was first placed in the Proteacese. Now, a large number of well preserved
leaves have been recognized by their nervation as truly referable to this
genus, whose presence in the Cenomanian flora is confirmed by seeds and
scales of catkins abundantly found in the shale of the Dakota Group.
Myrica Torreyi Lesq., a species also recognized in the Laramie Group, has
remarkably fine and distinctly cliaracterized leaves. As yet its afliliation
with Cretaceous types is not known. Schimper mentions its relation to M.
longifolia Sap., of the Oligocene of France, and this, like M. Grccffil Heer,
is closely allied to the living M. caMfornka Cham.

A large number of small leaves, very finely preserved in concretions,
have lately been collected in Kansas. Considering their essential charac-
ters, the form and nervation of the leaves, I regard them as related to
Betula, and have described them under the name of Betulites. Saporta,
to whom a number of specimens have been sent, is disposed to refer them
to Viburnum. The leaves, as mentioned in the descriptions, have the same
facies and the same characters as those of om- living Betula nigra, and I am
the more disposed to admit them as the original representatives of the genus,
since tkree species of Betula are recognized by Heer in the Senonian flora
of Patoot, in leaves that are all remarkably similar in form, size, nervation
and even in the peculiar dentation of their borders, to those of the Dakota
Group. The same remarkable analogy of characters is observable, espe-

234 THE PLOEA OF THE DAKOTA GKOtJP.

cially in Betiila coryloklcs Ward, of the Laramie flora, and henceforth in
numerous species of the Tertiary, which are more or less closely allied to
those of the present flora of North America. Besides the three species
described by Prof. Ward from the Laramie, one other has been described
from Golden, two from the Green River Group, four from the Miocene of
Alaska and Oregon, and one from the auriferous gravel deposits (Upper
Miocene or Pliocene) of California. In all these species the original type,
represented in the numerous figures of leaves of Betulites, this volume (PI.
IV and PI. V), is more or less discernible, as well as in some of the eight
species, all of wide distribution, which are still living in North America.
The only living species exclusively pertaining to the flora of California, B.
occidcntaUs Hook., has its ancestor in B. cequalis Lesq., of the auriferous
gravel deposits of the same State.

With a less degree of evidence we may follow a gradual distribution
of the species of Alnus fi-om the Cenomanian upward. A species of Alnites
is described by Dr. J. S. Newberry from specimens procured in the Dakota
Gi'oup of Nebraska, and another by Sir William Dawson from the Milk River
series of Canada. A species more cleary defined, Alnus profogfsa Heer, is
from Patoot. Then we have another from the Laramie, three from the
Green River Group, and fom- from the Miocene of Alaska and Oregon.
Among the last, A. Kefersteinii is the most common species of the Miocene
of Europe as well as of America. Of the six species of Alnus now living
in the United States the relation of A. incana Willd., especiall}^ the variety
virescens, common along the mountain streams from Colorado westward, is
clearly marked with A. Kefersteinii, while that of A. maritima Nutt., of the
Atlantic States, is still more evident with A. corallina Lesq., of the Miocene
of Oregon.

In the Cupulifer?e a large number of vegetable remains of the Dakota
Group, especially leaves, are referred to Quercus or Dryophyllum. The
leaves are generally determined by distinct characters, which are easily
followed in their various modifications through geologic time. Of eighteen
species of Quercus, seven of the subdi\asion Dryophyllum are described
from the Dakota Group. Heer has six species from the schists of Atane
and eight from the Senonian of Patoot. Of these, Q. hieracifoUa Hos., of
the Senonian of Westphalia, is present in the schists of Atane, in the Dakota
Group, and in the flora of Patoot; Quercus hexagona Lesq. is reproduced in Q_
troghdites Heer, of the Senon of Atanekerdluk. In the specimens obtained
by the scientific expedition of Princeton, which I consider as referable to the

ANALYSIS OF THE DAKOTA GROUP FLOKA. 235

Seuonian, I have found nine species of Quercus, among them five oi, Dryo-
phylhim, all more or less closely related to species of the Senouiau of Belgium
and Westphalia; then Dawson describes Quercus Victorice, from Vancouver
Island, and I have recorded three species more from the specimens collected
by Dr. Evans in the same locality. This gives us forty species of Quercus
already known from the North American Cretaceous, without counting those
in Dr. Evans's collection, the descriptions of which have never been pub-
lished. We have besides two fepecies of Fagus from the Dakota Group and
one from the Milk River series of Canada, described by Dawson. From
different stages of the Laramie Group, Prof Ward has four species of
Quercus and as many of Dryophyllum, while I have described from local-
ities referable to the Laramie Group ten species of Quercus, four of which
pei'tain also to the Miocene of Europe, and two of Dryophyllum'. We have,
besides, from the Green River Group eight species of Quercus, one only
exchisiA^ely American, one of Fag'us, and one of Castanea. Then from
Miocene formations of Alaska, Oregon, the auriferous g-ravel deposits or
chalk bluffs of California, four species of Fagus, three of Castanea, and
twenty-five species of Quercus are recorded.

On these described vegetable remains it will be remarked that the
affiliation of the divers types observable in the oaks of North America, is
recognized from the Cenomanian upwards, in a number of species. For
example, the Chestnut oaks in Q. primonlialis and Q. latifolia of the Dakota
Group; Quercus Binkiana Heer, Q. Warningiana Heer, Q. thulensis Heer, of
the schists of Atane, while the section of the Salicifolise of Schimper, to
which belong the willow and laurel oaks, is represented also in the Dakota
Group by Q. ellsworthiana, the beautiful Q. Wardiana Lesq., with Q. salicl-
folia Newb., all types reproduced by numerous species in the Upper Ci'eta-
ceous of Patoot, of Wyoming, of Vancouver Island, and still more by abun-
dant forms in the Laramie flora and the different stages of the North American
Tertiary. The only types of our living oaks, the most generally repre-
sented now in the eastern slope of the United States, is not yet recog'uized in
the Dakota Group, and indeed has not been seen in the Cretaceous. It is
that of the white and water oaks with sinuate, lobate, or deeply cut lobate
leaves. Its first representatives are seen in the Laramie flora, in Q. hicornis
Ward, and Q. angustiloha Al. Br. This last species, which is found at
Golden, is also identified from the Miocene of Europe. In the Miocene of
North America the leaves, diversely and deeply lobate, are still rare. The
fine Q. pseudolyrata Lesq. has been figured in the flora of the amiferous

236 THE FLORA OP THE DAKOTA GROUP.

gravels of California, from specimens doubtfull}" referable to the Upper
Miocene of that locality. It is represented by nninerous specimens in the
collection of the U. S. National Museum from John Day Valley, Oregon.
Heer has not found remains of Fagus ' in the schists of Atane nor in. those
of Patoot, nor have any been observed in the Laramie Group. The distri-
bution of the beech, judg-ing from its fossil leaves, is remarkable. That
the genus was already present in the middle Cenoraanian of North America
is proved, not only by the leaves of two species described from the Dakota
Group, leaves which are positively identified by the peculiar nervation
which characterize those of the genus, but also by a fruit figured by
Dawson from the ]\lilk River series of Canada, and also by a species
described by Ettingshausen from the Cenomanian of Niederschoena, F.
prison, the leaves of which have the same characteristic nervation as those
of the Dakota Group. In Europe, as in North America, no traces of leaves
of Fagus are recorded between the Cenomanian and the middle Tertiary.
From North America one species has been recorded from the Green River
Group and five from the Miocene. The species in more recent floras grad-
ually become more closely allied to the common American beech, until we
find in the Pliocene or Upper Miocene of the auriferous gravel deposits of
, California the leaves of F. Feronire Ung., and oi F. pseiido-ferrufiinea Lesq.,
which scarcely differ from those of the living, indigenous F. ferruginea Ait.
Of the Salicinefe, the genus Salix (willow) is, as far as known now,
represented in the flora of the Dakota Group by numerous leaves, some
of them with obsolete nervation, whose determination is not positive; some
others, like S. tiervUlosa Heer, S. cleleta Lesq., whose relation to species of the
present flora is not clear ; and by others still, like 8. protecefolia, as figured in
Lesq., Cret. and Tert. Fl., PI. i. Figs. 14-lG, distinctly characterized as leaves
of Salix by their form and nervation, and still further by a finely preserved
fruiting catkin, described and figm-ed in this memoir (PI. VIII, Fig. 6).
Tlierefore, the presence of the genus in the Cenomanian of North America
can not be disputed. As in the beech, the Cretaceous origin of the willow
is confirmed by the presence of one species in the flora of Quedliubiirg
and one in that of the Quader of Germany. It is, however, remai-hnble
tliat no species of Salix has been recognized by Heer in schists of Atane
and none in tlie Senonian of Patoot. One only is mentioned liy Daw-
son, from tlie Upper Cretaceous of Vancouver Island. Higher up in the
measures, one species is recorded in the Laramie flora, atz, Sal'ix infegra,
which is common in the European Miocene, and is also found at Black

ANALYSIS OF THE DAKOTA GROUP FLORA. 237

Buttes, Wyoming. The flora of the Greeu River Group has five species;
that of the Miocene, eight ; four of them being also recorded from Alaska,
the others from Oregon and California. From this it is observed that the
original type, S. proteafolia, is positively recognized in the Dakota Group,
but that its affiliation with more recent floras is not discovered until the Mio-
cene period is reached, where its relation is marked with *S'. tenera Al. Br.,
and later with a large number of the living species.

As remarked already, the first traces of dictyledonous leaves in the
flora of the world were discovered by Heer in the Lower Cretaceous (Neo-
comian) of Kome, Greenland, in fragments of leaves of the so-called Populus
primceva Heer. One of the leaves is preserved nearly entire, and upon the
same specimen there is an involucral scale which, though entire and without
hairs or cilia, apparently belongs, with the leaves, to a species of Populus.
The reference, which is generally admitted, is confirmed by the number of
leaves of species of Populus found in the Cenomanian. From the schists of
Atane, Heer has described four species, which are also recognized in the Da-
kota Group with four others, three of which are described by Dr. Newberry.
Three more are described as Populites from their analogy to leaves of Pop-
ulus, and belong also to the Dakota Group. As far as they are now known
the fossil species of Populus have been grouped in two sections according
to the type of nervation of their leaves : First, leaves Avith two pairs of
basilar primaries, the inner stronger, very oblique, curving inward in ascend-
ing; the outer or lower, shorter, generally parallel to the borders, witli lowest
secondaries at a great distance above the primaries, not parallel to them;
second, leaves with lateral primary nerves open a nd lower secondaries about
equidistant and parallel with the primaries and upper secondaries.

The first type is represented in the Dakota Group essentially by P.
elliptica Newb. (Illustr. Cret. Tert. PL, PL in. Figs. 1, 2), whose leaves are so
remarkably similar in character to those of P. arctica Heer that this last
species, which is extremely common and variable, being mostly Miocene,
seems really a mere variety of the former. To the second type are refer-
able the other species of Populus of the Cenomanian, mentioned above,
with two species from Patoot, one of which is identified in the flora of
Atane and in that of the Dakota Groiip. In the Senonian of Wyoming two
species have been found, and five in theupper Cretaceous of Vancouver Island.
From the Laramie Group as many as twenty-three species are recorded,
among them ten new ones described by Prof Ward in his Laramie Flora.
Of the whole lot twenty are of the first type or section, which may be called

238 THE FLOEA OP THE DAKOTA GROUP.

arctica, as its first aud most generally distributed species, P. arctica Heer, is
represented in all the stages of the Tertiary, even in the small groups of
plants of the auriferous gravel deposits of California, by inimerous leaves
of P. Zaddachi, its close relative. Of the second type or section the Laramie
Grroup has only three species. From the Green River Group six species
are recorded, belonghig, with one exception, to the fii'st section, and most
of them already present in the Laramie; and from the ten species described
as Miocene, of which seven are from Alaska and the Bad Lands, six are also
referable to the first section. This section, which con-esponds to that of the
coriaceous poplars, has no representatives in the present North American
flora.

The first leaf of the Dakota Group referred to Platanus, I', 'primoiva,
is described and figured in Lesq., Cret. FL, p. 60, PI. VII, Fig. 2. Its
character, form, and nervation are distinct, and theii' affinity to those of
P. aceroides Gopp., of the Miocene, and P. occidentalis, of the present North
American flora, is easily recognized. Prof. Geinitz foimd in the general
aspect of that leaf a likeness to Credneria leaves, but Saporta has admitted
it in the Monde des Plantes, p. 202, Fig. 2, as the true, primitive type of Plat-
anus. Later, as is seen in the descriptive part of this volume, numerous
leaves of the same type, some of them very large, still more closely allied
by their noiTual characters and their varieties to those of P. occidentalis, have
been discovered, together with a flowering raceme, and thus the presence of
this gemis in the Dakota Group is fully confirmed. Besides the first-named
species, eight others are described from specunens of the Dakota Group,
two of wliich have been recognized in the schists of Atane in Greenland
aud in the Milk River series of Canada, and two in the Upper Cretaceous of
Patoot. In the Upper Cretaceous plants of Wyoming and Vancouver Island
no remains referable to Platamis have as yet been observed. But they
have been most abundantly found in the Laramie Group, where the form
of the leaves is somewhat modified in P. Baijnoldsii Newb., P. Haydenii
Newb., P. uohilis Newb., P. rJiomboidea Lesq., and still more in P. hasUobata
Wai-d, the leaves of which are adorned by basilar appendages somewhat
like stipules, as already remarked.

In the Laramie Group also, leaves of P. Guillelmai Gopp. have been
obsei-ved, and these are extremely frequent in the Miocene of Europe aud
North America, together with those of P. aceroides. P. appendicukda and P.
dissecia, which is perhaps a variety of it, are so closely aUied in character
to those of the living P. occidentalis, the North American Buttonwood, that

ANALYSIS OF THE DAKOTA GROUP FLORA, 239

the afHliatioii of the genus is positively recognized from the Dakota Group,
through all the more recent stages of the formations, to the present epoch.

Ficus and Morus are the only genera of the urticaceous tribe Morese
represented in the present flora of the United States. Abundant remains
of Ficus have been i^ecognized in the geological formations from the Ce-
nomanian upward, but none of Morus ; for the two leaves described under
this generic appellation by Massalongo, from the Tertiary of Italy, are
still of uncertain affinity. Fruits and leaves of Ficus have also been
found in the schists of Atane and still more abundantly in those of the Da-
kota Group.

In the description of the numerous fossil leaves referred to Ficus,
Schimper separates them into two sections: First, those that are 23innately
nerved; second, those that are palmately nerved. The first section has by
far the largest number of representatives, as the same author refers forty-
four species to it and only twenty-four to the second. Two species only of
the palmately nerved leaves are represented in the Dakota Group and in
the schists of Atane, one by Ficus Hellamliana Heer, at Atane, the other by
a relative, F. deflexa Lesq. All the others belong to the section of pinnately
nerved leaves, of which twenty are recorded in the Dakota Group flora,
and two in that of Atane. In more recent geological times the second
group is represented in Patoot by F. arctica Heer, and in the Upper Creta-
ceous of Wyoming (Princeton collection) by F. deflexa, already present in
the Dakota Group, and by the beautiful F. prodticta of Montana. This last
typically represents F. pulcherrinia Sap., of the Sezanne Flora; F. planicos-
tata; F. pscndoiiopidus ; F.wyomingiana Lesq., of the Laramie; F. Schimperi
Lesq., of the Mississippi Eocene ; and is still recognized in the difl"erent
stages of the Tertiary of both continents, especially in the onniipresent and
most variable F. tilicefoUa, which is recorded from the Laramie flora, and
is still represented in the Upper Miocene of the auriferous gravel deposits
of California.

It would be an easy task but would take too long to follow the affili-
ation of the pinnately nerved leaves of Ficus from the Cenomaniau to the
present epoch. I may mention only the fine leaves of F. proteoides ; F. Ber-
tJioudi, of the Dakota Group; reproduced in their essential characters, nerva-
tion, form and size of leaves, in F. elongatalLos.; F. longifolia Hos., of the
Senonian of Westphalia; in jP. arenaceci; F. Smithsoniana, o( the Laramie;
F. lanceolata, F. nmltinervis, the beautiful F. Unf/cri, and other species of the
Green River Group ; also in most of the stages of the Europeau Miocene,

240 THE FLORA OP THE DAKOTA GiiOUP.

etc. No species, however, of piiiiiately lobed leaVes of Ficus is represented
iu more recent stages of the Tertiarj^ of North America, wliere the geuus
seems to g-radually disappear. In the flora of the auriferous gravel
deposits of CaHforuia, numerous leaves of F. tUcefolUi have been found with
some others described as new species, Init with characters so closely allied
to those of the normal form that they may represent mere varieties of if.
In the Pliocene, as in the present flora, the Morea^, forced southward by a
gradual lowering of the temperature, have left the continental part of North
America, remaining- still present represented by three species of Ficus,
which inhabit the southern end of the peninsula of Florida, while two
species of Morns, recently introduced from Japan or derived from F. tilioi-
folia, remain as beautiful trees of our forests.

The family Laurine?e is distinctly represented and easily i-ecognized in
the flora of the Dakota Group, not only by the peculiar characters, form,
and nervation of the leaves, but still more by the presence of some well
preserved fruits, positively referable to Laurus or another genus of Laurinese.
There have been described up to the present time, from vegetable remains
found in the Dakota Group, eleven species referred to Laurus, four to Persea,
five to Cinnamomum, one to Oreodaplme, two to Lindera, eleven to Sassa-
fras, or twenty-six species omitting those of Sassafras (Araliopsis), eight
species which, as far as known now, have an equal degree of affinity with
Sassafras and Aralia. From the schists of Atane, Heer has described four
species of Laurus, one of Sassafras, and one of Cinnamomum. Of Laurus,
two species are identified at Atane and in the Dakota Grouj), and one Cin-
namomum (C. sczaiDioi^e), is recognized not only in the Cenomanian of
Greenland and of Kansas, but also in the Senouian of Patoot and in the
Eocene of Se'zanne. The distribution of that species, or its presence at
Patoot, is the more remarkable since the Laurinea?., as yet, are compara-
tively rare in the American Senonian, where three s})ecies only are recorded
from Patoot, and one from the Princeton collection made in Wyoming. In
the Laramie Group the Laui'inefe are represented by eleven species, six of
them described by Prof. Ward; a single one, a Cinnamomum, has been
found in the Green River Group. From the Miocene, especially of Cali-
fornia and Oregon, five species of Laurinea? ai'e recorded.

The leaves of Laurus, though variable in their form and in some details
of their nervation, the characters, especially considered for the determina-
tion "of the species, are mostly of the type of Laurus primigenia, and repre-
sented in the Dakota Group in the leaves of L. prlmgema var cretacea. The

ANALYSIS OP THE DAKOTA GHOUP FLORA. 241

common form of L. primigenia is recorded at Patoot by Heer and in the
flora of the Laramie Group by Ward. The type is represented in the Miocene
of Oregon and Cahfornia by L. californica, passing to the present Laurus or
Persea caroliniensis by the leaves described as L. pseudo-caroliniana from
the auriferous gravel deposits of California.

The species of Persea, especially P. Sehimperi and P. Hai/ana, find their
analogy in P. palcsomorpha, of the flora of Gelinden; Laurus (Persea J
Delessii Sap., of Suzanne; L. grandis, of Corral Hollow, California, and Per-
sea caroliniensis.

Three species of Cinnamomum of the Dakota Group are identified in
more recent formations: C. Heerii with. C. affine of the Laramie Gi'oup, and
C. polymorplmni of the Miocene; G. Scheachseri and C. se^annense by truly
identical species of the Eocene and of the Tertiary. If no representative
of Cinnamomum is left in the present flora of North America, the absence
is accounted for by the same cause which has forced the disappearance of
species of Ficus and of a few other groups of plants which now inhabit
countries under the same degree of latitude but with a climate subject to
more moderate variations. Cinnamomum affine has an allied living represent-
ative in C. camphora of Japan.

Sassafras has eleven species in the flora o'f the Dakota Group and two
in that of Atane. One of these, S. arctica, is related to S. cretaceuni; the
other, referred to 8. recurvata Lesq., of the Dakota Group flora, is founded
upon two fragmentary leaves scarcely identifiable with the species. In more
recent formations S. Pfaffiana Heer, recorded from Patoot, is also founded
iipon a fragmentary leaf Its relation to any of the species described is not
well defined. Still from the Upper Cretaceous one species is recorded and
figured by Dawson from Vancouver Island.

From the Laramie Gi'oup aud from the Tertiary of North America no
other species of Sassafras are recorded except 8. 8elwyni Daws., from a
Tej'tiary locality near Souris River in Canada. In Europe the first leaves
of ;Sassafras were described by Saporta from Suzanne as 8. primigenia. The
affi.'^ity of this species is with Lindera Masoni of the Dakota Grouj). Besides
the species of Suzanne, only two others are recorded from the Miocene of
Eu^i'ope, both more or less closely allied to 8. cretaceum. This last has the
greatest affinity with the living 8. officinale, being represented by trilobate
and by nearly entire leaves in the same manner as are those of *S'. officinale,
being either simple or palmately lobed. The leaves of Lindera Masoni are
remarkably similar to those of Lindera (8assafms) triloba of Japan.

MON XVII 16

242 THE FLORA OP THE DAKOTA GROUP.

Of the Ulnie.T? no remains have as yet been observed in the Ceno-
inanian, but Heer has described leaves of Phinera from Patoot, and Dawson
records a fragment doubtfully described as Ulnms dtibia, from the Upper
Cretaceous of Vancouver Island. As Ulmus leaves are found abundantlyin
the Tertiary measures of both continents, three species having been ah'eady
described from Suzanne b}^ Saporta, it is probable that the presence and
orig-in of the g-enns may be recog-nized by further researches in the fossil
remains of the Dakota Group.

Comparatively few fossil remains of the division Gamopetalse have as
yet been found in the Cretaceous. This is easily accounted for by the
mostly herbaceous nature of the plants which compose it; the Compositae,
for example, the Rubiacefe, Solanacea?, Labiatse, Scrophularinese, Primu-
lacese, etc., are all plants of soft tissues that are rapidly destroyed by
maceration. Of the few tribes or families entirely or partly composed of
woody plants like the Lonicerse, Oleacese, Ebenaceae, Ericacese, etc., abxni-
dant fossil remains are found in the Middle and Upper Cretaceous of
Grreenland and of North America.

In the Caprifoliacese numerous leaves of four species of Viburuum of
the types of the living- V. nudum Linn., of L. lantanoides Michx., and V.
ellipticum Hook., have been ' described from the Dakota Grroup. None of
this genus has been as yet recognized in the flora of the schists of Atane,-
l:)ut tlu-ee species are described by Heer from Patoot, which are also typic-
ally allied to some of the species composing the present flora of the United
States; and another is represented by leaves and seeds in the Upper Cre-
taceous of Montana. From the Laramie Grroup twenty-two species of
Viburnum are recorded, two of them described by Dr. Newberry, eleven
by Prof Ward, and the others by myself, with still four species from the
Tertiary of the Bad Lands, two of them recognized also as in the Laramie.
All have a more or less marked degree of affinity with species of the pres-
ent flora of North America. Indeed, from the numerous representa^j^y-gs
of Viburnum in our ancient and living flora, the genus appears tc, \)Q
mostly American, for in Europe nine species only are described as ft,j5sil
of which number three are from the Upper Cretaceous of Gelinden, ^me
from that of Westphalia, and six from the Tertiary, counting one descri'i^er^
from Sezanne. The relative proportion is preserved in the flora of our
epoch, for while tln-ee specie.s only of Viburnum are known in Europe we
have twelve in the North American flora, all except one inhabiting the
Atlantic slopes.

ANALYSIS OF THE DAKOTA GROUP FLORA. 243

Lea,ves of Diospyros are found in different stages of the geological
formations of North America from the Cenomaniau upwards to the present
epoch. Seven species of this genus are recognized and described in the flora
of the Dakota Grroup, two of which are also found in that of Atane, and two
in that of Patoot. From the Middle Cretaceous of Canada Dawson records
one species and one from the Upper Cretaceous of Vancouver Island. In
the flora of the Laramie Grroup, the genus has three species and the same
number in that of the American Miocene. No species of Diospyros is
recorded from any stage of the European Cretaceous and also none remain
in its present flora, though about twenty species have been described, either
from leaves or from 'fruits and calyces from the Tertiary of that continent.
The Persimmon, Diospyros virginiana Linn., is the only species remaining in
the present North American flora. It reproduces in certain characters of
its leaves those of some of its ancestors in the Dakota Group.

The characters of the leaves of the Ericaceae are often obscure or simi-
lar to the leaves of plants of other botanical divisions, therefore the references
of fossil leaves to particular genera of the family, or even to the order, are
often subject to criticism. As far as known, up to the present time, the Eri-
cacese are represesented in the Dakota Group by five species of leaves of
Andromeda, two of which are also found in the schists of Atane. None are
recorded from the Upper Cretaceous, although in the Tertiary of Greenland
Heer has recognized five species of Andromeda and one of Vaccinium.
From the Laramie Group only one species is described, and from the Ter-
tiary measures we have tlu-ee species of Andi-omeda and one of Vaccinium
from the Green River Group, and two species of Vaccinium from the Mio-
cene, one of these being common to the flora of the Green River Group,
and one Andromeda. This is very little, inderd, and not in accord with
what is known of the distribution of the Ericaceae in Europe. From the
Tertiary of that continent, seventy-two species distributed in eleven genera
have been described, the largest number of them made from leaves of
Andromeda (Leucothoe) and Vaccinium. In the flora of our epoch, Europe
has only thirty species of Ericaceae, while from the Atlantic slope of the
United States sixty-seven species distributed in twenty-eight genera are
known, and from the Pacific slope forty-four species distributed in twenty
genera, or fifty-four species in all. Twelve of the whole number are com-
mon to both the eastern and the western slopes. From this it Avould appear
that a large number of Ericaceae, especially species of Andromeda and
Vaccinium, have been introduced into our flora after or during the glacial

244 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

period, while the preponderance of" EricaceiTe in the European Tertiary is
against the supposition that the phuits of the Gainopetalai have jiassed, later
than those of the two other divisions, through the modification of their
characters and are thus of more recent origin.

The orders of the division Polypetalse are largely represented in the
flora of the Dakota Group, especially in the genera to which belong the
woody or arborescent plants now generally or even exclusively pertaining
to the North American flora. The Araliacese by Aralia; tlie Ampelidese
by Cissus or Cissites; the Cornace£e by -Gornus; the Haniamelidese by
Hamanielites; the Magnoliacefe, especially by Magnolia and Liriodendron;
the Menispermacese by Menispermites ; the Malvaceae, by Sterculia; the
Aceracese by Acerites and the SapindacciB by Sapindus ; the Celastrinese
by Celastrus and the Rhamnere by Ceanothus; the Juglandese by Juglans
and the Auacardiacefe by Rhus.

A number of the leaves of the Dakota Group are referred to the genus
Aralia by clearly defined characters of their nervation and the form of their
palmately lobed leaves, while others, which have been separated under the
generic name of Araliopsis are like some leaves of the other Cenomauian
prototypes or of complex character, which relate them indifferently to several
genera; to Platanus, by the size and shape of the leaves; to Sassafras by
their trilobate form; or to Aspidiophyllum by the prolongation of their base
into a round or dentate shield, etc. As the peculiar polymorphism of these
leaves has been separately examined, the present remarks are limited to the
distribution of the leaves of Aralia. Eleven species of this genus are
described from the Dakota Group ; tlie finest of them, A. Saportanea Lesq.,
represented by numeroui- leaves, reappears in its more essential characters •
as A. Looziana in the flora of Gelinden and in that of the Laramie Group.
Of the other species of the same formation, A. tcnuinervis Lesq. is re})re-
sented with a remarkable affinity of characters in A. angustiloha Lesq., of
the auriferous gravel deposits of California, and also in A. Jorgenseni Heer,
of the Tertiary of Greenland. Heer has described two species from the
schists of Atane and one from Patoot, none being recorded from the Ujjper
Cretaceous of Wyoming and Montana. From the Cenomanian of Bohemia
two species of Aralia are described by Velenovsky; one of them, A. decur-
rens, is apparently identical with A. Saportanea of the Dakota Group.

None of the fossil species of Aralia can be regarded as closely allied
to any of those of the present flora of North America. A. Whitneyi, of the

ANALYSIS OP THE DAKOTA GEOUP FLORA. 245

auriferous gravel deposits of California, allied to A. notata of the Laramie
Group, has its typical relation to A: papyri/era of Japan.

Seven species of Aralia ai'e still present in the flora of North America,
one of them only pertaining to that of the Pacific slope.

From the Eiu'opean Tertiary thirty-two species are recorded, five of
which are in the flora of Sezanne, none, however, being known in the pres-
ent flora of Europe.

The tribe Hederese is represented in the Dakota Group by eight species
of Hedera and in that of Atane by four species. Two of these which I refer
to Hedera, H. orhicuJata and H. ovalis, are described by Heer under the name
of Chondrophyllum, one of them being also recorded in the Milk River
series of Canada. Of the two other species from Ataue, one, H. jJrimordialis,
is recognized in the Cenomanian of Bohemia; the other, H. cmwata, has also
been found at Patoot. Of the species of the Dakota Group, one, II. creta-
cea (PI. XVIII, Fig. 1), is e^ddently the type of H. Strozsii Gaud., of the
Miocene of Tuscany, and of the living' H. helix Linn., the common ivy, which
has been found fossil in volcanic tufa of Italy. In the flora of the Lara-
mie Group four species of Hedera are described by Prof Ward, two of
which, H. parimla and H. minima, clearly reproduce the tyjDO of H. orhicu-
Jata, and another, H. Bruneri, that of H. cretacea. In more recent forma-
tions, one species, H. marginata Lesq., is described from the Green River
Group, its relation being indicated with H.prisca Sap., of the Sezanne flora,
and is also typically allied to H. cretacea; another, U. auriculata Heer, is
from the Miocene of Alaska and the Arctic regions.

The genus Cissites, as indicated by the name, is not precisely defined,
being established for leaves of peculiar form, mostly discovered in the Cen-
omanian, and are related partly to Aralia or Araliopsis, and partly to Cissus
and Vitis. Eleven species of Cissites are described from the Dakota Group,
one of them also being identified in the schists of Atane. Of two other
species, described by Heer in his Fl. Foss. Ai-ct., and typically allied to C.
ingens (PI. XIX, Fig. 2), one is apparently Tertiary, the other, CpniJasokensis
of Puilasok, is Senonian. From tb.e Upper Cretaceoiis of Europe nothing is
described except C. lacerus Sap. and I\Iar., Flora of Gelinden, PI. v. Fig-. 7,
which is only a mere fragment of a leaf probably digitate, whose real form
and relations are unknown. In more recent formations the leaves of the
Ampelidacese become more defined and are referred to the genera Cissus and
Vitis. We find, therefore, in Lesq., Tert. FL, from different localities
refeiTed now to the Laramie Group, two species of Vitis, three of Cissus,

246 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

one of which, C. lobaio-erenata (loc. cit., PI. XLI, Fig. 1), is closely related
to Cissites mgens Lesq., luentioued above from the Dakota Grroup, and also
to Vitis Bnmeri, described by Prof. Ward in the Laramie flora, with three
other species of the same genus. From the Green River Group we have
one Cissus and Ampelopsis fertiaria closely allied to A. quinqtiefolia of the
present North Americnn flora.

The reference to the family Hamamelidese of the leaves of the Dakota
Group described under the generic name of Hamamelites, seems legitimate,
for it has been indicated by the author of the genus, Saporta, for two species
first described as Ahms and Alnites Lesq. (Cret. Fl., PI. lxii) and later as
HamanH'lifrs qm'mfoUus and H. cordatns Lesq. (Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 71).
And indeed the leaf of this last species figured (loc. cit., PI. iv, Fig. 3),
compared to some of those of the liAnng Hamamelis virginica Linn., shows a
striking affinity and the evidence at least of a family relationship. Five
species of Hamainelites are described from the Dakota Group, and two
from the Upper Cretaceous of Montana. One is recorded in the flora ot
Gelinden, and H. fofliergillokles Sap. is described from the flora of Sezanne,
and has been identified in the flora of the Laramie Group.

Leaves of Cornus are generally known by their peculiar acrodi'ome
nervation. The species of the genus are about equally distributed in the
geologic periods of Europe and North America, beginning in the Dakota
Group, by C. prcBCOx related to C. Forchammeri Heer, a species described by
that author from the schists of Atane, and also recognized later in the Upper
Cretaceous of Montana. The type is preserved in C. NuttaUii Audub., now
living in California, and C. asperifolia Michx., of the Atlantic slope of North
America. The flora of Patoot has two species, one of which is also found
among the specimens from Montana, evidently showing the affiliation of the
species in the Cretaceous stages with the original type in the Dakota Group.
In more recent formations we have four species in the Laramie flora, one of
them also identified in the Miocene and one in close relation to leaves of
the auriferous gravel deposits of California. From the Tertiary of Europe
twelve species are described, one only from Sezanne. In the flora of our
epoch about twenty species are known to botanists; of these fourteen belong'
to the North American flora, six pertaining exclusively to that of the Pacific
States.

The family of the Magnoliacese may be considered as the most inter-
esting of the paleontological sei'ies of plants. The genus Magnolia first, is
represented in the Dakota Group by a conical, cylindrical l)ranch of fruit-

ANALYSIS OF THE DAKOTA GROUP FLOEA. 247

bearing carpels, and by numerous well-preserved leaves, which are easily
identified by size, form, and nervation. "Nine species are described from
leaves of this genus in the Dakota Group and four in the schists of Atane.
Of these, two pei'tain to both localities and two are recognized by Daw-
son in the Peace and Pine River series of Canada. None have been
observed in the Senonian of Patoot. But one of the species of the Dakota
Group, M. pseudo-acuminata, has been identified in the flora of the Upper
Cretaceous of Montana (Princeton collection). From the Laramie Group
five species have also been described and two from the Upper Miocene
beds of the auriferous gravel deposits of California. As the essential
characters of the leaves of these different species are closelj^ allied, and
may be recognized in the successive formations from the Cenomanian to the
present epoch, the affiliation by gradual transition of different characters of
the species is put in full evidence.

Some of the leaves of the Dakota Group, for example, are so remark-
ably similar to those of species of Magnolia of the present North American
flora that it is scarcely possible to find precise characters for separating
them. Such are the leaves of M. pseudo-acuminata mentioned above, com-
pared to those of M. acuminata Linn., the well-known and common cucumber
tree of our eastern flora, which is represented in the Southern States by
M. cordata Michx., considered by some botanists as a mere variety of the
preceding. The type is recognized, as already said, in leaves collected by
the Princeton expedition from Montana, in those of M. ovalis Lesq. of the
Eocene Flora of the Mississippi, and in those of M. californica of the Upper
Miocene of the auriferous gravel deposits of California. It is the same with
M. tenu'ifolia, whose leaves are represented in the Dakota Group, being allied
by their form and peculiar nervation to those of the liAdng Magnolia umhreUa
Linn., of the Southern States.

The genus Liriodendron is represented in the Dakota Group by a large
number of leaves, whose characters are so peculiar and so diversely modi-
fied that they have been referred to ten different species. The diversity and
multiplicity of tlie leaves have been already remarked upon ^A'ith more
details and put in full evidence. After all this, is it not remarkable that no
remains of plants referable to Liriodendi-on have as yet been observed in
the Cretaceous of Europe, and none in the Upper Cretaceous of Greenland
and of North America? And in the Tertiary or more recent geological
formations, the genus is recognized only by leaves with variations so little
marked that they are all generally considered as referable to a single species.

248 THE FLOEA OP THE DAKOTA OROUP.

It seems as if the genus had, from its first appearance, gradually lost its
power of differentiation to take up; by its leaves, the unalterable characters
under which it is known and described from the different stages of the Ter-
tiary as L. Procaccinii. A few unimportant deviations from that specific form
have been described under different names, but they are now generally rec-
ognized by authors as mere varieties. Under the name of L. Procaccinii
Ung., linger and Massalongo have described leaves from the Tertiary of
Italy; Heer from the Miocene of Greenland, and Saporta and Marion from
the Pliocene of Meximieux. These last authors, however, reproduce the
figure of the leaf in Heer's Fl. Foss. Arct, vol. 1, PI. xxvii. Fig. 5, with the
name of L. ishouiiciim, considering it as typical of the living L. tuli])ifera
Linn., while the leaves described in the flora of Meximieux are supposed
to represent an extinct type. But the deviations from the normal form of
the Tertiary leaves are unimportant; therefore L. helveticum Fisher-Ooster,
figured by Heer, Fl. Tert. Helv., PI. cviii. Fig. 6, and probably also the
fragment described as L. Haueri Ett, Foss. Fl. v. Bilin, pt. 3, p. 9, PL xli.
Fig. 10, of which, however, the essential parts of the leaf, its outlines, are
undiscernible and are also mere varieties of L. Procaccinii Ung. The char-
acters of this species, derived from L. giganteum of the Dakota Group, are
mostly reproduced in the North American L. tulipifera Linn., the only living
species of oiu* epoch.

The Dakota Group has numerous leaves which, by their characters,
have such a degree of affinity to those of Menispermum and Cocculus, two
genera still represented in the North American flora, each by .one abun-
dantly distributed species, that it is not possible to object to their reference
to this family of plants. The leaves of Menispermites acerifolius Lesq.
(Cret. FL, PL xx. Figs. 1-4), compared to those of Cocculus carolinus DC,
and of Menispermum canadense Linn. ; those of Menispermites grandis, M.
cijclopliyllus, etc. (Cret and Tert. FL, pp. 79 and 80, PL v, Figs. 1-3), com-
pared also to some of the leaves of Menispermum canadense, and by their
peltate mode of attachment of the petiole to those of Stephania or of Cissam-
pelos pareira of Mexico, show that relation in full evidence.

In a fossil state, nine species of Menispermites are represented by leaves
in the Dakota Group, two in the schists of Atane and one in the Peace and
Pine River series of Canada. None have as yet been found in the Upper
Cretaceous and from more recent formations one species only. Cocculus
Haydenianus is described by Prof. Ward and figured in splendid leaves from

ANALYSIS OF THE DAKOTA GROUP FLORA. 249

the Laramie Grroup. The living flora of Europe has no representation of
the Menispermacese.

The family Stercnliaceaj are mostly represented in paleobotany by
species of Sterculia. The plants of tliis genus have leaves generally palm-
ately divided from below the middle, the primary nervation derived from
the top of the petiole at the basal borders, palmately tkree to five parted,
and the secondaries numerous, either anastomosing in bows quite near the
borders or gradually effaced in passing- into the areolation by repeated
anastomoses. These are the essential points which I have considered for
the atti'ibution of leaves to this genus, especially as distinctive from those
of the leaves of Ai'alia, whose base is prolonged or decurring along the
petiole and the primary nervation being palmately trifid and supra-basilar.
These characters may be considered of little practical value, but serve as a
diagnosis of the fossil leaves referred to Sterculia, and afford the means of
comparing the march and distribution of these plants through the geolog'ical
ages from their origin in the Dakota Grroup, where they are- first recognized.

I have refen-ed to Sterculia seven species or forms of leaves of the
.Dakota Group, some of them related to S. labrusca Ung., a common and
variable species of the European Tertiary. None have been recorded by
Heer from the schists of Atane, but one is recognized by Dawson in the
Peace and Pine River series of Canada. Fi'om the Upper Cretaceous,
Heer has described leaves of Sterculia variabilis, first described by Saporta
in his El. Foss. de Si^zanne, p. 400, PI. xii, Figs. 6,7; and S. labrusca Ung.,
a species commonly found in the Tertiary of Europe, is recognized in the
flora of Gelinden by Saporta and Marion. Finely preserved leaves of one
species, S. modesta Sap. (Fl. de Sezanne, p. 40, PI. xii. Fig. 2), have been
found at Grolden, Colorado, (Laramie Grroup), and one species is described
from the Green River Group. Though sixteen species of Sterculia are
recorded from the Tertiary of Europe, the genus is without representatives
in the present flora of Europe and of America.

Tilia and Grewia, l^oth well cliaracterized genera, have left abundant
remains of leaves in the Tertiary, and have representatives in the flora
of the present epoch. Grewiopsis and Apeibopsis, with less definite char-
acters, related as indicated by the names to Grewia and Apeiba, are
represented in palseobotany from the Cenomanian, but become extinct in
the recent stages of the Miocene. Applhopsis Thomseniana Heer has been
described from the schists of Atane, and leaves scarcely differing from those
of Atane have also been described from the Dakota Group as A. ctfchplttfUa.

250 • 'i'HE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

At a higher stage of the Cretaceous, in Montana, another species of Apeihopsis
is also found. The genus Grewiopsis is less positively recognized. Numerous
leaves of the Dakota Grroup have been referred to this genus under the spe-
cific name of G. Hai/denU. By their nervation they have a degree of affinity
to those of Tilia. A fruit also of Nordenskldld'm Heer, a new genus whose
relation is apparently to the TiliaceiB, is described from the same formation.
Taken altogether, these remains bear testimony to the origin or presence of
the Tiliaceae in the Dakota Group. Of nine species to Grewiopsis recorded
in the flora of the Laramie Group, five are described by Prof. Ward and
four by myself. The genus Grewia is first recognized in the Laramie
Group by four species, and later in the Miocene of Oregon by one ; four
species of Grewia are also descriljed by Heer in his Fl. Foss. Arct., all from
the Tertiary of Cape Lyell, Spitzbergen.

Leaves of Tilia have not been observed in the fossil flora of North
America before the Tertiary. T. antiqua Newb. (Viburnum tiUoides Ward)
is from Fort Clark; another, T. popuUfoUa Lesq., is from Floi-issant, in the
Green River Group. Tilia Malnujrmi Heer, and T. alashana Heer, are
recorded from the Arctic Miocene, or Eocene as it is now called.

Ettingshausen first described in his Kreideflora of Niederschoena, as
Acer antiquum, a leaf attributed to this genus, from its similarity of form to
those of A. decipiens Heer. This attribution was, however, generally con-
sidered doubtful, and the origin of the genus referred to Tertiary age. A
number of leaves recently discovered in the Dakota Group of Kansas and
described under the name of Acerites multiformis (PI. XXXIV, Figs. 1-9),
confirm, by their characters, the determination of Ettingshausen and prove
the existence of representatives of this family in the Cenomanian.

No remains of Acer have been found in the schists of Atane, but Heer
has recognized two species in the Senonian of Patoot, and in more recent
formations from the base of the Laramie Group fossil remains of plants of
this genus have been found in abundance. In the Tertiary of Greenland
Heer has ten species. Prof. Ward has described two in his Laramie flora,
and I have found seven species in the different stages referred to the Lar-
amie, and two species in Upper Miocene strata of the auriferous gravel
deposits of California. More than sixty species of Acer and two species of
Negundo are described from different stages in the European Tertiary.
In the living flora fifty or more species are known, mostly inhabiting
the northern hemisphere, and being equally distributed between Europe
and North America; seven species in Europe, five in the Atlantic States of

ANALYSIS OF THE DAKOTA GROUP FLORA. 251

North America, three in the Western States, with one species of Negiindo
each in the Western and Eastern States. Of the genus Negundo one
Miocene species is described from Europe and one from North America,
the latter from the Fort Union Group by Dr. Newberry.

I have also described as Negmidoides acutifolia in Cret. Fl. (p. 97, PI.
XXI, Fig. 5) fragments of two leaflets found in the Dakota Group, and
apparently part of a compound leaf, which I could relate only to the leaves
of Negnndo GaUfornicum Torr. and Gray. On account of the insufficient
characters of these fragments it is not possible to consider them as original
representatives of Negmido, nor even perhaps to admit them in the Aceracese.

The Sapindacese have distinct representatives in numerous leaves of
Sapindus in the Cenomanian of Greenland and of North America. From
the schists of Atane Heer records two species of Sapindus, one of them, first
desci'ibed from specimens of the Dakota Group, is also found in the Upper
Cretaceous of Patoot. No other species is known from the Upper Creta-
ceous, but the genus is represented in North American Tertiary by eleven
species, two of them recorded from the Green River Group and two from
the Fort Union Group. At this epoch the Sapindacese are mostly distributed
in the tropical regions. One species of Sapindus only remains in the North
American flora inhabiting the coast of Florida and Georgia.

A number of coriaceous leaves, whose relation to Celastrus is indicated
by their form and nervation, have been referred to this type under the
name of Celastrophyllum. Their characters are not clearly defined and
therefore their relation to li-sdng species of Celastrus is not positive. In the
leaves of the Dakota Group I have recognized tlu'ee species of Celastro-
phyllum, one of which, G. decurrens, is closely related to G. lanceolatum Ett.,
of the Cenomanian of Niederschoena, Saxony, and is also reproduced with
distinct affinity in G. Benedeni Sap. & Mar., of the Senonian of France.
Heer has described tlu'ee species of this same generic division and one of
Celastrus from the Senonian of Patoot. The genus Celastrus is abun-
dantly represented in the more recent geological formations. From the
Laramie Group Prof Ward describes seven species of Celastrus, and from
localities referable to the same group I have recorded in Tert. Flora two
species of Celastrinites with three species of Celastrus, one Celastrinites
from the Green River Group and one Celastrus from the Miocene of Alaska.
Gelastrns scandens Linn., is the only living species remaining in the North
American flora. Though more than sixty species of Celastinis, including

252 THE FLOE A OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

four of Celastrinites, have been described from the Tertiary of Europe,
no Celasti-us is laiown in the present flora of that continent.^

In the Ilicinese, leaves of Ilex are distinctly characterized and their
generic affinities positively ascertained. I have described five species of
Ilex from the Dakota Group, and Heer has described one from Atane and
two from Patoot. Ilex horecdis Heer, described from Patoot, is recognized
also in the Dakota Group and represented in PI. XXXV, Fig. 8, this volume,
while Ilex dakotensis has a marked affinity to /. stenophi/lla Ung., of the Mio-
cene, and especially to I. glabra Gray, of the living flora of Noi-th America.
Two species of the Dakota Group, I. armata and I. papulosa, typically repre-
sent the American Holly, Ilex opaca Ait., together with a number of species of
the Tertiary which have coriaceous, spinose leaves. No species of Ilex has
been as yet described from the Laramie Group, but we have ten species
from the Green River Group and one from the chalk bluffs of the aurifer-
ous gravel deposits of California. From the Tertiary measures of Atane
five species are known, and two from Alaska. Remarkably enough, the
genus, of which more than thirty species are recorded by Schimper from
the Tertiary of Eui-ope, a number of them closely related to the species of
the present flora of North America, is at this epoch represented in the flora
of Eui'ope by a single species, while ten inhabit the Atlantic slope of the
United States, and none that of the Pacific.

Of the order Rhamneae fossil remains have been refeiTed to Paliu-
rus, Zizvphus, Geanothus and Rhamnus, all genera in which the leaves are
easily recognized by their peculiar nervation. Five species of Paliurus are
described from the Dakota Group, one of which, P. cretacea, is closely
allied to P. affirm Heer, of Patoot; another, P. oralis, is recognized also in
the Peace and Pine River series of Canada with a new species, P. montamis
described by Dawson. Of Zizyphus, one species is known fi'om the Dakota
Group and also from Patoot; and of Geanothus, none as yet have been seen
in the Dakota Group, but Heer has one species from Patoot and Dawson one
from Vancouver Island. Of Rhamnus, the Dakota Group has five species,
and Heer has two from Atane and one from Patoot. i?. similis, of the
Dakota Groiip, is remarkably like B. rectinervis, a common species of the Ter-
tiary of Europe and America, reproduced with characters of its leaves in the

'The characters of Celastrus are difficult to fix. In the leaves of C. seandens tlie secondaries curve
quite near the borders iu regular, smooth, or slightly angular bows, emitting short straight nervilles
directed towards the borders, indifferently entering the small, curved-up teeth or any p.art of the bor-
ders, even the sinuses between the teeth. The size of the leaves is very disproportionate, varying
upon the same bush from 3<^™ to l.'j'^"', even with some enlarged leaves measuring IS"^"" in width and
17<^™ in length.

ANALYSIS OF THE DAKOTA GROUP FLORA. 253

living Fraiigala carol'miana Gray; while R. inceqwUatemlis, also of the Dakota
Group, is typically allied to B. tuningensis of the Mioceue of Europe. Of
the RhamneiP, Gelindeu has ouly one species, aZizyphus. But the different
geuera of the family become more and more richly represented in the Lar-
amie Group and the more recent formations. ■ From the Laramie flora Prof
Ward, besides Berchemla tiuiWrnervis, a species common in the Tertiary of
both continents, has recognized three species of Zizyphus, one of them, new;
three of Paliurus, one of which, the most common, is 1'. Colonihi Heer.
From different localities referred now to the Laramie, I have recorded ten
species of Rhamnus and one of Zizyphus, besides two species of Paliurus, one
of Zizyphus, two of Rhamnus from the Green River Group, and one of Zizy-
jihus and two of Rhaumus from the Upper Mioceue of the auriferous gravel
deposits of California. A fine species of Rhamnus is also described in the
Mississippi flora (Eocene). The types of all these genera represented in
the Dakota Group may be followed by their affiliation and clearly recog-
nized tlu'ough the geologic ages to the present epoch, where the flora of
North America has still in the Atlantic States one species of Berchemia,
three of Rhamnus, and four of Ceanothus, while it has on the Pacific slope
four species of Rhamnus, eighteen of Ceanothus, and one of Zizyphus.
The preponderance of species of Ceanothus in this last flora is remarkable,
and does not appear to result from ancestral influence, for no other repre-
sentative of this genus has been observed in the Tertiary of North America,
except Ceanotlms Meigsii Lesq., of the Mississippi Eocene, a species dis-
tinctly related to the living C. Americanns Linn.

Of the order Juglandepe, Juglans is as yet the only genus of which
leaves have been observed in the Dakota Group. One species, Juglans
arctica Heer, first described from the schists of Atane, has been later recog-
nized in the Dakota Group Avith J. primorclialis Lesq. and two other forms
of leaves, Avhich have been described under the generic name of Juglaudites
on account of their insufficiently ascertained relations. Juglans crassi2)cs
Heer, of the Cenomaniau of Moletein, is also recognized in the Senonian of
Patoot, and Dawson has described J. harivoodensis from the Upper Creta-
ceous of Vancouver Island, and has recognized J, cretacea fi-om the Peace
and Pme River series of Canada. In more recent geological times the genus
becomes more abundantly represented. The Laramie Group has seven '
species of Juglans and one Carya; the Eocene of the Mississippi two species
of Juglans ; the Green River Group has five species of Juglans, with one
species common also to the Laramie Group, and four opecies of Carya. And

254 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

in tlie still more recent formations referred to the Miocene ten species are
described, four of which are from leaves found in the auriferous gravel
deposits of California; tins in a flora of which only fifty-fom* species are
known. Cari/a antiqua Newb., ascribed to the Laramie Group, has been
foimd in the Bad Lands and the Fort Union Grrou^), with plants of Miocene
type.

The Juglandete show a constant increase of their representatives in
the floras of the Mesozoic ages in passing from older to more recent forma-
tions. The present flora of North America has now four species of Juglans,
two on each slope, and seven species of Qarya, all confined to the Atlantic
States. The predominance of the Juglandeaj upon this continent is the
more remarkable in that, of the thirty species of Juglans still living, Eiu'ope
has only one species and this in cultivation, and as far as known introduced
from Persia, while thirty-four species have been described from leaves or
fruits from the Em'opean Jliocene, with eighteen species of Carya and five
of Pterocarya. The original type of Juglans is represented in the Dakota
Grroup bv leaves with entire borders. No species with serrate leaves, like
those of Juglans and Carya of our present flora, have been observed before
the end of the Cretaceous.

Of the Rosacese we have in the Dakota Group well preserved leaves
of one species of Crataegus, one of P3^rus, and two of Prunus. The leaves
of Crataegus have distinct characters and are positively detennined. That
of Cratcegus Laurenciana (PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 1) has a very close relation to
C. antiqua Heer of the Tertiary of Greenland, and both species are of a
type evidently reproduced in the living p. tomentosa Limi., of the present
North American flora. The determination of Pynis cretacea Newb., based
upon the form of one leaf and that of Prunus cretacea Lesq., determined
from two fruits, may be, however, questionable, though I have found in the
Senonian of Wyoming (Princeton collection) leaves referable to two species
of Pranus, one of which is closely related to P. serrulata Heer of the
Sachalin Tert. Fl. From the same fi>rmation a number of leaves have
been referred to Photinia on account of their distinct afiinity to those of the
living P. arhutifolia of California, and others, together with fine large stipules,
to Crataegus on account of the affinity of their characters to those of C.
japonica. Heer has not recognized any kind of plants referable to the
Rosacese in the schists of Atane, but has desci'ibed two species of Crataegus
from the Senonian of Patoot. In more recent formations, considered as
Tertiary, one species of Amelanchier is described by Dr. Newberry from

ANALYSIS OF THE DAKOTA GEOUP FLORA. 255

the so-called liguitic strata of the Yellowstone River. lu the Green River
Group we have one Amelanchier, one Crataegus, one Rosa, and one Amyg-
dalus, and frord the Miocene strata I have described one Crataegus from
Carbon, Wyoming, one Spiraea from Alaska, one Prunus from the Bad
Lands, and one Cercocarpus from the auriferous gravel deposits of Cali-
fornia. Heer records fourteen species of Rosacese in the Arctic Tertiary.

The Leguminosse, which are richly represented now in the vegetation
of our globe, are as yet recognized in the Cretaceous merely by detached
leaflets, whose generic relations remain uncertain. This order being essen-
tially composed of herbaceous plants with compound leaves, with the
piimules easily detached, specimens have frequently been preserved as fos-
sil witnesses of its ancient origin. Heer has found in the schists of Atane
seventeen species of Leguminosse, while ten have been described from the
Dakota Group. Of these one is represented by a large legume, whose
generic relation is still unknown.

Besides the plants to which the above remarks are applicable there are,
in the flora of the Dakota Group, a number of vegetable remains whose
relation to any of the vegetable groups, orders, or genera, admitted in the
flora of the present epoch, has not been recognized. These plants, described
under peculiar generic names (Protophyllum, Aspidiophyllum, Eremophyl-
lum, Anisophyllum, etc.), may represent short-lived types whose disappear-
ance is far more easily explained than their origin. For, indeed, their
essential characters may have been gradually eifaced by rapid modification
and so intimately mixed with others that they have become unrecognizable ;
or, under adverse influences may have become really extinct as races unfit
to remain associates of those of the future.

It is well to remark, also, that though some types of the Cenomanian, as
shown by the leaves of the Dakota Group, generally remain distinct and
plainly defined in the vegetation of some of the subsequent geological for-
mations, the chain of evidence is not always continuous. A number of
these, for example, still remain unrecognized in the Upper Cretaceous, though
present in more recent strata of the Laramie or of the Tertiary. We know
very little as yet of the flora of the Senonian or of intermediate stages
between the Dakota and the Laramie Groups. But judging' from recent
discoveries in Wyoming, Montana, Canada, and Vancouver Island, we have
been able to recognize in the scanty materials obtained the presence and
therefore the persistence of some of the primitive or more ancient types, and
it is most probable that further research will complete the evidence of the

-256 THE FLORA OF THE DAKOTA GROUP.

persistence and representation of the types of the Dakota Gronp up to the
Laramie, as clearly as it is observable in this flora and tlnough the different
stages of the Tertiary to the present time.

Already the evidence obtained from the study of the Dakota Group
remains warrants the conclusion that the flora of North America is not at
the present epoch, and has not been in past geological times composed of
foreign eleuTents brought to this continent by migration, but that it is indig-
enous. Its types are native; the diversity of their representatives has been
produced by physical influences; their affinities, therefore, or the relation of
their modification or derived forms can not be looked for in the vegetation
of distant countries. This evidence greatly simplifies the researches, and
therefore the affinities rest upon more solid ground. These conclusions seem
confirmed by the great analogy of climatic circumstances recognized
as existing between the characters of the flora of the Dakota Group and those
which now govern the vegetation of the North American continent. All the
plants of the American Cenomanian, except those of Ficus and the Cycads,
might find a congenial climate in the United States between 30° and 40° of
latitude. Even the exceptions noted above may be omitted; for the growth
of some kinds of plants, for example the Cycads, essentially depends on a
moderate and humid climate, without striking extremes of temperature, and
of circumstances like those governing the climate of the southern shores of
Florida, where species of Ficus still grow luxuriantly.

A single modification of the character of the vegetation generally fol-
lows great geological disturbances which produce pei'manent changes in the
atmospheric conditions of a country. From the base of the Rocky Moun-
tains to that of the Alleghanies the land surface, with an expanse of more
than 140,000 square miles, has remained unbroken by any chain of moun-
tains or even by hills of moderate altitude, from the beginning of the Cre-
taceous period. Even the absence of di-ift deposits upon a great portion of
these vast plains shows how little the Glacial Period influenced their physi-
cal conditions. The result has been a prolonged uniformity of climate and
of course the preservation of the original types of the flora, subjected to
some modification of their original characters, without destroying them or
forcing their removal by the introduction of strange or exotic forms.

PLATES

MON XVII 17

PLATE L

PLATE I.

Page.

Fius. 1, 1((. Asplenium Dicksouianum Hccr 24

•2,'.',. Ptei-is dakoteiisis, s)". iiov. ,. 24

4. Podozamites aiigustilblius Eichw 27

.'),(>. Poilozaiuites lauceolatus (L. & H.), Brougn 28

7. Podozamites Steuopus, sp. nov 27

8. Zamites species 26

y, 10. Dammarites candatus Le^q 32

11 . Dammarites emarginatus Lesq 33

12. Kucepbalartos cretaoeus, sp. uov 29

13. Bromelia? tenuifolia, sp. uov 41

14. Cycadeospermuiii lineatiim, sp. uov - 30

•260

PLATE II.

PLATE II.

Page.

1, 2, 3. Phyllocladus subinte%ritolius Lesq 34

4. Sequoia Keichenbachi Heer 35

5. Braobyphyllum crassum, sp. nov 32

G. Cycadites pungeDS, sp. no7 30

7. Phyllites zamiieformis, sp. nov 28

8. Pbragmites cretaoeas Lesq 37

9,9a. Williamsonia elocata, sp. nov 87

10. Alismacites dakoteusis, sp. nov 37

11. Myrica aspera, sp. nov - 66

12. Myrica Schimperi, sp. nov — 66

262

MONOGRAPH XVII PLATE li

y^x

.-w>

IH ttlS^

PLATE III.

PLATE III.

I'IGS. 1-6. Myrica longa Heer 67

7. Salix Hayei, sp. uov 48

8. Salix deleta, sp. iiov :.. 4!)

9-11. Populns byperborea Heer : Ci

12. Populus stygia Heer 44

13. Ficns (leflexa, sp. iiov 8ii

14. QiiiTcus (Dryopbylliini) Hosiaua, sp. nov Til

15. Quercns (Diyoj)byllnm) hieracifolia (Deb.), & Hos. & v. d. Marck M

16. Betula Beatriciana Lesq 59

264

\ 1

\ 1

U.'

^</

/t

-vi\

m

p"

r7-

y^\

I /

V

PLATE IV,

PLATE IV.

Page.

Figs. 1-4. Betulites Westii var. subintegrifolius 61

5-8. Betulites Westii var. obtusus 61

9-11. Betulites Westii var. latifolius 61

12-16. Betulites Westii var. rotun'datus ;.. 61

17-19. Betulites Westii var. oblongus 61

20-22. Betulites Westii var. mnltinervis 62

266

, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

\

10

/"^X,

21

13

14

^

18

19

PLATE V.

PLATE V.

P»ge.

F1G8. 1-4. Betulites Snowii, sp. nov 64

5. Betulltes Westii var. reuiformis 62

6, 7. Betulites Westii var. rhomboidalis 62

6. Betulites Westii var. cuneatas 62

9. Betulites Westii var. quadratifolius 62

10-13. Betulites Westii var. insequilateralis 62

14. Betulites Westii var. lanceolatus 62

15-17. Betulites Westii var. crassus 63

18. Stipules of Betulites 65

. S. GEOLOGICAL S

MONOGRAPH >

o

/

\

7

(
/

v/

>

^

7 I

.^\

y^

('^7^;-A

1^

-'■L^

16

PLATE VI.

PLATE VI.

Page.

Figs. 1,2. Betiilites popnlifolins, sp. nov 64

3-5. Betulites rugosua, sp. nov — 65

6. Qiiercus glascoena, sp. nov 55

7. Sassafras (Araliopsis) papillosum, sp. nov 102

270

U. S. GEOLOGI

PLATE YII.

, PLATE VII.

Page.

Fig. 1. Qaercus Wardiana, sp. uov 53

'2. Galla quercina, sp. nov 58

3. Quercus alnoides, sp. nov ^4

4. Quercus dakotensis Lesq 56

5. Quercus hexagona Lesq 56

6. Ilex Masoni, sp. nov 179

7. Popnlites litigiosus (Heer), Lesq 46

8,9. Populites Sternbergii, sp. nov 45

273

PLATE VIII

MON XYII 18

PLATE VIII.

Page.

Fig. 1. Popiilns hyperborea Heer '. 43

2-4. Popiilus Berggreni Heer 42

r>. Populites litigiosus (Hcei') Lesq 4G

G. Fruiting Ciitkiu of Salix .■ 51

7. Platan us priuiasva Lesq 72

f', 6'>. Flowers of Platanus prinuevaLesq 72

274

U. S. GEOLOGICAL

PLATE IX.

PLATE IX.

Page.

Figs. 1, "i. Plat amis prim^va Lesq., var. graiidiileutata 7:3

3,4. Platauus prim;Eva Lesq., var. subintegrifolia 73

276

. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

"^^. -^^^

l'\ — -\

\

\

>^'--

t ■ X^^

-^i-_.

N

r

1

,j

-^

MONOGRAPH )

r^'\ .^

r

■^.y^-^--^ ,

\
\

7

^

>

V-^

~- /-"

PLATE X.

PLATE X.

Page.

Fig. 1. Platanus priraceva Lesq 72

2. Platanus obtusiloba Lesq 74

■.5-6. Ficns aligera, sp. nov , 84

7,8. Frnits of Fiona * 85

9. Phyllites ilieifolius, sp. dov 213

278

PLATE XI.

PLATE XI.

Page.

Fig. 1. Ficns iiiacropliylla, sp. nov 76

2. Persea Leconteana Lesq 104

3. Laiirns antecedens, sp. nov , 92

4. Cinnamomum Sclieuchzeri Heer 104

5. Litsea faloifolia, sp. uov 97

280

U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

"^"vj

'/

XVII PLATE XI

-,/''

\ )

> /

^

N. >.

PLATE XII.

PLATE XII.

Page.

Fig. 1. Myrica emarginata Heer 67

2. Ficus proteoides, sp. i:ov 77

3. Ficus Berthoudi, sp. nov 78

4. Ficus Mudgei, sp. uov 83

5. Ficus ? uudulata, sp.noY - 84

6,7. Cinnamomum sezanuense Watelet 107

8. Laurus Hollas Heer 93

'\\

' /*

w

\

1"- ^

/

1

/
/

1
1

) i

4

^

// A

^

PLATE XIII.

PLATE XIII

Figs. 1,2. Ficns glascoena Lesq 76

:i. Ftous crassipes Heer 79

4. Ficus lauceolato-acnminatae Ett 85

5,6. Laurus plutouia Heer 91

7. Laurophyllura ellsworthianum Lesq 95

8,9. Cohitea primordialis Heer 148

1'. Legnmiuosites corouilloides ? Hear 149

11. Legumlnosites podogonialis, sp. uov.... 14S

284

, GEOLOGICAL J

MONOGRAPH )

t ;

u

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PLATE XIV.

PLATE XIV.

Page.
Pig. 1. Sassafras (Araliopsis) dissectnm Lesq 101

2. Sassafras siibintegvifolium Lesq 99

3. Diospyros apiculata, sp. uov - 110

PLATE Xy.

PLATE XV.

Page.

Fig. 1. Cinnamomum Heeri Lesq 105

2. Litsea cretacea, sp. nov 96

3. Aralia subemargiuata Lesq 133

4. Aralia Masoni, sp. nov ? 133

5. Proteoidea lancifolius Heer 90

PLATE XVI,

MON XVII —19

PLATE XVI,

1, 2. Lindera venusta, sp. nov 95

3. Ficus deflexa, sp. uov 80

4. Ficus magnoliiB folia Lesq 79

5. Persea Scbimperi.sp. aov 103

6. Persea Hay ana, sp. nov 103

7. Lanrus angnsta Heer 93

6. Laurus (Carpites) microcarpa, sp. nov 93

9. Diospyros Steenstrupi? Heer Ill

10. Sassafras? primordiale, sp. nov 100

11. Aralia berberidifolia, sp. nov 135

290

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

MONOGRAPH XVII PLATE >

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PLATE XVII.

PLATE XVII.

Pape.

Figs. 1-7. Populus kaasaseaua, sp. nov _. 42

8-11. Diosi)yros rotuudifolia Lesq 112

12-14. Hedera orbiculata (Heer) Lesq 129

15. Heilera ovalis Lesq 129

16. Andromeda Suowii, sp. nov 117

17,18'. Andromeda cretaoea, sp. nov 117

292

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15

14- i

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17 18

PLATE XVIII.

PLATE XVIII.

Page.

Fig. 1. Hedera cretacea, sp. nov 127

2,3. Hedera microphylla, sp. nov '. - 127

4,5. Hedera Schimperi, sp. nov 127

6. Hedera decurrens, sp. nov — 1.30

7,8. Andromeda Pfaffiana Heer 116

9, 10. Lindera Masoui, sp. nov 96

11. Cissites Brownii Lesq... 162

12-14. Cissites populoides, sp. nov '• • 162

294

PLATE XIX.

PLATE XIX.

Page.

Fig. 1. Andromeda Parlatorii, Fleer 115

2,2a. Cissites iugeus, sp. nov 159

3. Juglans arcliea, Heer 68

296

, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

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PLATE XX.

PLATE XX.

Paga

Figs. 1-3. Diospyros primsevaHeer - 109

4-(i. Viburnum rohustum, sp.nov - 120

7. Diospyros ? celastroides, sp. nov 113

8. Laurelia priiuiieva, sp. nov 118

9. Pliyllites Vanonas Heer : 214

10-12. Persoonia Lesquereuxil Knowlton, sp. nov ......... 89

298

. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

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MONOGRAPH XVII PLATE >

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^-laps^s

12

PLATE XXI.

PLATE XXI.

Page.

Fig. 1. Alalia Wellingtoniana, sn. nov 131

2, 3. Viburuam inmquilaterale, sp. uov 119

4. Viburuum grewiopsideum, sp. uov 120

5. Cissites formosiis Heer 161

6. Viburunm ellswortliiauum, sp. uov 121

7. Leguminosites trmicatus Knowltoa, sp. nov , 150

:<oo

PLATE XXII.

. PLATE XXII.

Page.

Fig. 1. Diospyros pseudoauceps Lesq Ill

2,3. Aralia Welliugtoniana, 8p. nov 131

4. Sterciilia aperta Lesq 135

5. Laurus platoniaHeer 91

6,7. Carpites tiliaceus? Heer 221

8. Calycites species 221

9. Carpitc3 cnrdiformis, sp. nov 220

302

PLATE XXIII.

PLATE XXIII

Page.

Figs. 1,2. Aralia Saportanea Lesq., var. deformata, n. var 131

3,4. Aralia Towneri Lcsq 132

5. Cornus priEcos, sp. nov 1'25

6. Cissites alatus, sp. nov 160

304

PLATE XXIV.

MON XVII -0

PLATE XXIV.

Page.

Fig. 1. Magnolia tenuifolia Lesq 198

2. Magnolia pseudo-acumiuata, sp. nov 199

3. Magnolia amplifolia Heer 200

4. Liiiodendron primaevum Newb 203

5. Andromeda oretaoea, sp. nov 117

306

U. S. GEOLOGICA

SURVEY

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MONOGRAPH XVII PLATE >

PLATE XXV.

PLATE XXV

Page.

Fig. 1. Liriocleudrou gigantoum Lesq 20()

2, 3, 4. Liriodeuiliou semialatum Lesq ". 204

5. Liriodendrou iuteimedium Lesq 207

6. Apeibopsi.s cyclophylla, sp. nov 180

308

iLOeiCAL SURVEY

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PLATE XXVI,

PLATE XXVI.

Page.

Figs. 1-4. Liriodendron primnevum Newb 203

5. Liriodendron giganteum Lesq 206

MONOGRAPH XVII PLATE >

PLATE XXVII.

PLATE XXVII.

Page.

Fig. 1. Liriodendron gigantemii Lcsq 200

2,3. Liriodendron acuminatum Lesq 207

4,,i. Liriodendron pinnatifldum Lesq 20t>

312

( /

_^_.

PLATE XXVIII.

PLATE XXVIII.

Figs. 1,2. Liriodendron gigantenm var. cruciforme Lesq 206

3. Liriodendron Wellingtonii, sp. nov 208

4. Liriodendron acuminatum var. bilobatum, n. var 207

5, 6. Liriodendron Meekii Heer 205

7. Liiiophyllum obcordatum Lesq 210

314

PLATE XXIX.

PLATE XXIX.

Page.

Figs. 1, 2. Liriodendron Snowii, sp. nov 209

3. Liriodendron semialatnm Lesq 204

4. Liriodendron tulipifera Linn , 20,'j

5, 6. Parrotia ? A¥inchelli Lesq 140

7. Menispermites rugosus, sp. nov 196

8. Hex armata, sp.nov 176

9,10. Ilex papulosa, sp. nov 177

11. lies dakotensis, sp. nov 178

316

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

PLATE XXX.

PLATE XXX.

Page.
Figs. 1-4. Sterculia mucronata, sp. nov 182

5. Sterculia Snowli, sp. nov - 183

6. Parrotia Canfieldi, sp. nov 141

318

MONOGRAPH XVII

PLATE XXXI.

PLATE XXXI.

Page.

Fig. 1. Aralia Towneri Lesq 132

2. Steroulia Snovrii, sp. nov 183

2a. Sphairia pioblematica KuowltoD jp. nov ...' 23

3. Sterciilia Snowii ? sp. nov 163

320

PLATE XXXII,

HON XVU 2i

PLATE XXXII.

Page.
Fig. 1. Sterculia Snowii, sp. ijov ...,., , 183

322

PLATE XXXIII.

PLATE XXXIII.

Page.

Figs. 1-4. StercnliaSnowii, sp. uov 183

5. Cissites obtusilobus, sp. no v. ..., ,...,...., 161

324

PLATE XXXiy.

PLATE XXXIV.

Page.
Figs. 1-9. Acerites multiformis, sp. nov 15C

10. Sterculia reticulata, sp. nov 185

11. Magnolia alternans Heer '. 201

326

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

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PLATE XXXV.

PLATE XXXV.

Page.

Figs. 1,2. Sapindus Morrisoui Lesq 158

3. Paliurus cretaceus, sp. nov 165

4. Paliurus auoeps, sp. nov 166

5. Paliurus membranaceus Lesq " - 167

6. Paliurus oboTatus, sp. nov " 165

7. Paliurus ovalis Dawson 166

8. Ilex borealis Heer 176

9-11. Jnglaudites sinuatus, sp. nov 71

12,13. Eharanus similis, sp. nor 168

14. Ebamnus prnnifolius Lesq 169

15. Juglanditesprimordialis, sp. nov 70

328

, S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

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PLATE XXXVI

PLATE XXXVI.

Page.

Fig. I. Celastrophyllura decuriens, sp. nov 172

2, :i. Kla'odeuilron speciosum, sp. uov 175

4-7. Zizypbus dakoteusis, sp. nov 167

8. Daphnophyllum anguatifolium, sp. nov 98

9. Protophyllum denticulatum, sp. nov. 193

10. Hedera Scliimperi Lesq 127

11. Protophyllum crednerioides Lesq 194

330

PLATE XXXVIL

PLATE XXXVIT.

Pago,

Fig. 1. Juglandites ellswortbiaur.s, sp. nov 10

2-3. Ehamnus Mudgei, sp. nov 169

4-7. Ehamnus iuiBquilateralis, sp. nov 170

8-13. Ehaumites apiculatus, sp. nov 171

14-19. Eucalyptus dakotensis, sp. nov ^ 137

20. Eucalyptus Geinltzi Heer 138

332

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PLATE XXXYIII.

PLATE XXXVIII.

Page.

Fig. 1. Cratagua laurenciana, sp. nov. , 142

2. Phyllites Snowii, sp. uov 214

3. Cassia problematica, sp. nov 146

4. Leguminosites omplialobioides, sp. nov 149

5. Leguminosites dakotensis, sp. no v 150

t). Rhanmus tenax Lesq 170

7. Andromeda teuuiuervis, sp. nov. - 116

8. Callistemopliyllum Heorii Ett I'M

9-10. Rhns? Westii Knowltou, sp. nov, 154

11. Andromeda affinis Lesq 118

12-14. Celastrophyllum crotaceum, sp. nov 1715

15. Phylli tes porplexus, sp. nov 215

16. Leguminosites podogonialia, fruit of. 148

17. Carpites couiger, sp. nov 221

334

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SUR

MONOGRAPH XVII PLATE XXXVIII

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PLATE XXXIX.

PLATE XXXIX.

Page.

Fig. 1. Aspidiophyllum dentatumLesq 21'<J

2-4. Parrotia grandideutata, sp. nov 140

5. Juglans arctioa Heer 68

336

PLATE XL.

MON XVII 22

PLATE XL.

Page.
Fig. 1. Protophylhim Leconteanu:u Lesq 187

. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

MONOGRAPH )

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PLATE XLI.

PLATE XL'I.

Fig. 1. Piotopbyllum tlimorphuiu, sp. uov 190

•2, 3. Protophyllum prsestans, sp. nov. , 188

, S. GEOLOGICAL S

MONOGRAPH >

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PLATE XLII.

PLATE XLII.

Page.

Fig. 1. Protophyllum Sternbergii Lesq , 189

2. Protopbyllum uudulatiim, sp. uov 189

3-4. Protopbyllum prsestans, sp. nov 188

5. Phyllites Vanonse Heer 214

342

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PLATE XLIII.

PLATE XLIII.

Page.
Fig. 1. Protopliyllum Haydenii Lesq 192

2. Protophyllum nmltinerve Lesq 191

3. Protopliyllnin iutegerrimnm, sp. uov 192

4-5. Protophyllum crednerioides Lesq. 194

344

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PLATE X LI V.

Page.

Figs. 1,2. Protophyllum Haydenii Lesq — ,- — -.-.-.- 192

3. Legarainosites coustrictus, sp. nov 151

4. Leguminosites convolutus, sp. nov 151

5. Phyllites laureuoianus, sp. nov 215

6. Nordenskioldia borealis Heer » 219

7, 8. Cycadeospermum columnare, sp, nov. . 31

346

MONOGRAPH )

PLATE XLV.

PLATE XLV.

Page.
Figs. 1-4. Viburnites crassus, sp. nov 124

5. Viburnites Masoni, sp. nov 125

6. Pliyllites Laooei, Bp. nov 213

348

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEV

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PLATE XLVI.

Page.

Fig. 1. Arispema cretacea, sp. nov 38

2. Smilax undulata, sp. nov 39

3. Smilax grandil'olia-cretacea, sp. nov , 40

4. Populus harkeriana, sp. uov 44

5. Popnlites elegans Lesq 47

6. Populites litiigiosus (Heer)Lesq 46

350

PLATE XLYII.

PLATE XL VII.

Page.

Fig. 1. Populites litigiosus (Heer) Lesq 46

2, 3. Populites elegans Lesq 47

4. Populites litigiosus (Heer) Lesq 46

5. Popnlus hyperborea Heer 43

6. Fagus orbicnlata, sp. nov 51

7. Quercns suspecta, sp. nov 52

352

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

MONOGRAPH XVII PLATE

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PLATE XLVIII

MON XTII 23

PLATE XLVIII.

Page.

Figs. 1,2. Quercns shspecta, sp. nov 52

3. Quercns spurio-ilex Knowlton, sp. nov 53

4. y uercus rbamnoides, sp. nov 57

5. -Jnglandites Lacoei, sp, nov ''1

354

PLATE XLIX.

PLATE XLIX.

Page.

Figs. 1-3. Jnglans crassipes Heer 69

4. Platauus iiriniiBva Lesq., var. integrifolia 74'

5. Fious priBOursor, sp. uov .■ 81

6-8. Fious iniiequalis, sp. uov 82

3.56

MONOGRAPH

KVI, PLATE XUX

"W

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n

PLATE L.

PLATE L.

Page.

Fi©. 1. Ficus Sternbergii, sp. nov 83

2. Ficus melanoiihylla, sp. nov 83

3. Ficus in;equalis, sp. nov 82

4. Lanrus Knowltoni, sp. nov 94

5. Ficus Krausiana Heer 81

6. Ficus injequalis, sp. nov 82

7. Artocarpidium cretaceum Ett 86

8. Proteoides lancifolius Heer :... 90

• 9. Laurus teliformis, sp. nov 94

358

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

MONOGRAPH XVI! PLATE L

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PLATE LI.

PLATE LI.

Page.

Figs. 1^. Daphnophyllum dakotense, sp. nov 99

5. Sassafras cretaoeum Newb., var. grossidentatum Lesq.,n. var 101

6,7. Cinnamomnm Marioni, sp. nov 106

8,9. Cinnamomum ellipsoideum Sap. & Mar 105

10. Bumelia? rbomboidea, sp. nov 113

360

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

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PLATE LIT.

PLATE LII.

Paga.

Fig. 1. Daphnopbyllnm dakotense, sp. nov 99

2,3. Myrsine crassa.sp. uov 114

4. Myrsiuites ? Gaudiui, Lesq 115

5. Andromeda linifolia, sp. uov 118

6. Andromeda Parlatorii, Heer 115

7. Andromeda Pfaffiana, Heer 116

8. Viburnum Lesquerenxii Ward, var. rotnndifolium Lesq., n. var 122

9. VibnrnumLesquerensii Ward, var. cordifolium Lesq., n. var 122

10. Viburnum Lesqnereuxii Ward, var. latius Lesq., n. var 123

11. NyBsa Snowiana, sp. nov 126

362

MONOGRAPH XVd PLATE I

PLATE LIII.

PLATE LIII.

Page.

1. Viburnum Lesquereuxii Ward, var. longifolinm Lesq., n. var 122

2. Viburnum Lesquereuxii Ward, var. commune Lesq., u. var 122

3. Viburnum Lesquereuxii Ward, var. lanceolatum Lesq., n. var 123

4. Viburnum sphenophyllum Knowlton, sp. nov 123

5-9. Eugenia primneva, sp. nov 137

10. Myrtophyllnm Warderi,8p. nov 136

364

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

MONOGRAPH XVII PLATE Llll

PLATE LIV.

PLATE LIV.

Page.

Figs. 1-3. Aralia grronlandica Heer. 134

4. Legurainosites insularis Heer — - 152

5-7. Crataegus tenuinervis, sj). uov 1'42

8. CratsBgus aceroides, sp. nov 143

366

. GEOLOGICAL SURVEV

PLATE LV.

PLATE LV.

1. CratsBgiis aoeroides, sp. nov 143

2,3. Hymeua^a dakotana, sp. nov 145

4. Prunus (Amygdalus) ? anteoedens, sp. nov 144

5,6. Phaseolites formns, sp. nov '. 147

7-9. Leguminosites hymenophyllus, sp. nov 152

10. Leguminosites pbaseolitea ? Heer 153

11. Inga cretacea, sp. nov 153

19. Phaseolites fonnus, sp. nov 147

368

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

PLATE LVI.

MON XVII 24

PLATE LVI.

Paga.

Figs. 1,2. Hymenrea dakotana, sp. nov 145

3. Leguminosites hymenophyllus, sp. nov 152

4,5. Khus Powelliana, sp. nov 155

370

U. S. GEOLOGIC

MONOGRAPH )

y'v-

V.

K

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V

/ / /

/ /

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PLATE LYII.

PLATE LVII.

Page..

1. Anaeardites antiquus, sp. nov 156

■2. Rhus Uddeni, sp. nov 154

3,4. Cissites ingens Lesq., var. parvifolia, u. var - 160

5. Celaatrophyllum obliqiium Kuowlton, sp. nov 173

6,7. Celastrophylluni crassipes, sp. nov 174

8,9. Celastrophyllam myrsiuoides, sp. nov 174

372

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I

PLATE LVIII.

PLATE LVIII.

Page.

1. Cissites acerifoliuB, sp. nov 163

2. Ilex Scudderi, sp. nov - 178

3. Ilex papillosa, sp. nov 177

4. Grewiopsis sequideutata, sp. nov .- 1*^0

5. Pterospermitesmodestus, sp. nov 186

6. Sterculia Snowii, var. disjnncta, n. var 184

374

, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

MONOGRAPH XVII PL. LVltl

PLATE LIX. •

PLATE LIX.

Page.

1. Protophyllnm pterospermifolium, sp. no v 195

2. ProtoiJbyllum pseudospermoides, sp. nov 194

3. Pterospermites loDgeacuminattis, sp. nov 186

4. Macclintockia cretacea Heer 197

4". Sclerotium ? species 23

5,6. Devralquea dakotensis, sp. nov 211

7. Phyllites species 216

8. Phyllites aristolochiaeformis, sp. nov 217

376

MONOGRAPH >

/"'

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V

PLATE LX.

PLATE LX.

Page.

Fig. 1. Magnolia Lacoeana, sp. nov 201

2. Magnolia Boulayana, sp. nov 202

3,4. Magnolia speciosa Heer 202

.5,6. Magnolia obtusata Heer 201

378

, S. GEOLOGICAL

MONOGRAPH XVll PLATE I

A--

PLATE LXI.

PLATE LXI.

Page.

Fig. 1. Phyllites celatns, sp. nov 215

2. Phyllites stipulseformis, sp. nov 216

3. Platanus cissioides, sp. nov 75

4. Phyllites erosus, sp. nov 216

.5. Phyllites dnresoens, sp. nov 218

360

MONOGRAPH XVII PLATE LXI

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PLATE LXII.

PLATE LXII.

Page.

Fig. 1. Pliyllites amissns, sp. nov 217

2. Hymenea dakotana, sp. nov 145

3,4. Pbyllites durescens, sp. nov 218

5. Carpites obovatus, sp. nov £21

, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

MONOGRAPH J

PLATE LXIII.

PLATE LXTII.

Page.

Figs. 1,2. Protophyllnm denticulatum, sp. nov lO-'

3. Khamnus iBoequilateralis, sp. nov 170

4. Protophyllura minus Lesq I'JS

5. Ehamnites apicnlatus, sp. nov -•.- ^71

6. riex Masoni, sp. nov - 179

384

MONOGRAPH )

PLATE LXIV.

MON XVII 25

PLATELXIV.

Page.

Figs. 1-3. Salix proteiefolia, var. linearifolia Lesq 49

4,5. Salix protean folia, var. flexuosa Lesq 50

6-8. Salis proteirfolia, var. liiaceolata Lesq 50

9. Salix proteaifolia, var. longifolia Lesq 50

10. Betiilites Westii, var. grenviopsideus 63

11. Apocynophylluin sordidum, sp. uov 109

12. PaliBOcassia laurinea, sp. nov 147

13. Viburnum Lesquereuxii Ward, var. teuuifblium, n. var I)i3

14. Crataegus Lacoei, sp. nov 143

15. Coruus platvphylloides, sp. nov 126

16. Myrica obliqua Knowlton, sp. nov -. C8

17. Andromeda Wardiana, sp. nov 119

18. Sapindus diversifolius, sp. nov. 158

19. Andromeda Parlatorii, Heer, var. ibugifolia, n. var 116

386

PLATE LXV.

PLATE LXV.

Page.

Fig. 1. Protophyllam multinerve Lesq 191

2. Magnolia Boulayana, sp. nov 202

3. Sapotacites species 114

4. Protopbyllum crassum, sp. nov 193

5. Ehamniis revoluta, sp. nov 171

6. Phyllites innectens, sp. nov 219

7. Protopliyllnm crenatum Knowlton, sp. nov 190

3ti8

PLATE LXVI.

PLATE LXVI.

Page.

Fig. 1. Magnolia Capellinii? Heer 203

1. Crataegus Lacoei ? sp. uov 143

3. Grewiopsis Mudgei, sp. no v 181

4. Cissites dentato-lobatus, sp. nov 164

390

U. S^ GEOLOGICAL S

MONOGRAPH XVII PLATE I

INDEX,

[Genera and all higher groups are printed in small capitals ; synonyms, in italics. Heavy-faced figures refer to pages on
which descriptions are given, or to pages on which the species appear in their proper systematic position.]

Alismace^ 31

ALIBM ACITES 37

dakbten3isLesq.,Pl.II, Fig. 10 37

lancifolius Sap 38

ALISME JE 37

Alnites 59

grandifolius Newb 59, 214

pseudincana Gopp 54

quadrangularis Lesq 139

Alnns corallina Lesq 234

incanaWilld 234

fcrt?isasea?ia Lesq 139

Abietine^ 33

Abietites curvifolius Dunk 32

Ernestinte Lesq 36

Acer antiquum Ett 157, 250

deoipiens Heer 157, 250

indivisum Web 157

pseudocampestre Ung 157

pseudomonspessulanum Ung 157

vitifolium Ludwig 157

ACERACEjE 150

acerites 156

multiformis Lesq., PI. XXXIV, Figs. 1-9.. 156, 232, 250

Alnus Kefersteinii 234

maritima Nutt - 234

protogaea Heer 234

AMPELIDACE.ffi 159

AmpelidEjE 159

Ampelophyllum 164

attenuatum Lesq 164

ovatum Lesq 165

Ampelopsis quinquefolia Lesq 246

tertiaria Lesq 246

Anacardiace^e 154

Anacardites 156

antiquus Lesq., PI. LVII, Fig 1 1 56

Anaphreniura longifolium Bernh 156

ahdeomede.e 115

Andromeda _ 115

affinisLesq., Pl.XXXin. Fig. 11 117, 118

linifolia Lesq., PI. LII, Fig.5 118

cretacea Lesq., PI. XVII, Figs. 17, 18; PI. XXIV,

Fig.5 iir

Parlatorii Heer, PI. XIX, Fig. 1 ; PI. LII,

Fig.6 115

Parlatorii Heer, var. longifolia Lesq., PI. LXIV,

Fig. 19 116

Androjieda— Continued.

Pfaftiana Heer, PI. XVIH, Figs. 7, 8 ; PI. LII,

Fig.7 116, 117

protogasaUng 117,118

revoluta AL Br 119

8ubprotog?ea Sap 119

Snowii Lesq., PL XVII, Fig. 16 117

tenuiuervis Lesq., PI. SXXVIII, Fig. 7 116

vaccinifolia Ung 118

Wardiana Lesq., PI. LXIV, Fig. 17 119

Anisopiiyllum 195

semialatum Lesq 195

Anona 198

cretacea Lesq 198

ANONACEiE • 198

Apeiue.e 180

ApEUiOPsis 180

cyclophylIaL6sq.,Pl.XXV,Fig.6 180,249

Thomseniana Heer 180,249

APOCYNOPH YLLUJI 1 09

sordidum Lesq., PI. LSIV, Fig. 11 109

Apios tuberosa L 147

AKACE.E 38

ArALI ACE.E 127

Aealia 131

angustiloba Lesq 133, 244

berberidifolia Lesq., PI. XVI, Fig. 11 135

decurrens Velen , 244

formosa Heer 131

grojnlandica Heer,Pl.LIV, Figs.1-3 134, 133, 185

Jorgenseni Ung -. 133,244

Looziana Sap 244

Masoni Lesq., PI. XV, Fig. 4 133

notata Lesq 245

papyrifera 245

quinquepartita Lesq 130

radiata Lesq 136

Saportanea Lesq 131, 244

S.aportanea Lesq., var. deformata Lesq., PI.

XXIII, Figs. 1,2 131

subemarginata Lesq., PI. XV, Fig. 3 1 33

tenuinervis Lesq 136, 244

Towneri Lesq., PI. XXIII, Figs. 3, 4 ; PI. XXXI,

Fig.l ....- 13a

TsciiuIymeDsis Heer 132

Wellingtoniana Lesq., PI. XXI, Fig. 1; PI.

XXIL Figs. 2,3 131

Whitneyi Lesq 244

391

392

INDEX.

ARALIE.E 131

Araucarieje 32

Arascakia 32

spatulata Newb 33

Araucarites 35

Heichenbacki Gein r ,. 35

Aris^.ma 38

cretaeeaLesq., PI. XLVI, Kg. 1 3S

Aristolochia inivqualis Heer 218

AltlSTOLOCHlE^E 109

Aristolochitks 109

dentataHeer lOO

ARTOCAKPE/E 76

Artocakpidium 86

cretaceum Ett, PI. L, Fig. 7 86

ARUNDISE.E 37

AePimOPHVLLUM 212

denlatum Lesq.. PI. XXXIX, Fig. 1 813

platauifolium Lesq 212

trilobatum Lesq 101,313,2.51

AsPLESi e;e 24

ASPLENIUM 24

acutum Borg 25

Dicksoniaoum Heer, PI. I, Figs. 1,1a 24, 227

Dignim L 25

Atherospekme^ 108

BALANOPHOREiE 87

Berberis trifoliata Leaq 135

Berchemia mnltinervis "Ward 253

Betula 59

?equali3 Lesq -- 234

Beatriciana Lesq., PI. HI, Fig. 16 59

coryloides "Ward 234

nigra L .- -. "9, 233

occidentalis Hook 234

vetusta Heer 64

BETU LE^ 59

Betulites 59

denticulatus Heer 59, 65

populifoliiis Lesq., PI. VI, Figs. 1, 2 64

ragosusLesq.,Pl. VI, Figs. 3-5 65

Snowii Lesq., PI. V, Figs. 1^ 64

stipules of, PI. V, Fig. 18 65

WestiiLesq 60

Westil var. crassus Lesq., PI. V, Figs. 15-17 63

"Westii, Tar. cuneatns Lesq., PI. V, Fig. 8 . . . 62
Westii, var. grewiopsideus Lesq., PI. LXIV,

Fig 10 - 63

"Westii, var. insequilateralis Lesq., PI. V, Figs.

10-13 62

"Westii, var. lanceolatus Lesq., Pl.V, Fig. 14 63

"Westii, var. latifolius Lesq., PI. IV, Figs. 9-11.. 61
"Westii, var. mnltinervis Lesq., PI. IV, Figs.

20-22 62

"Westii, var.oblongusLesq.,Pl.IV,Figs.l7-19.. 61

"Westii, var. obtnsus Lesq. , PI . IV, Figs. 5-8 61

"Westii, var. populoides Lesq 63

"Westii, var. qnadratifolius Lesq., PI. V, Fig. 9 . . . 63

Westii, var. reniformis Lesq., PI. V, Fig. 5 62

"Westii, var. rhomboidalis Lesq., PI. V, Figs. 6, 7. 63
"Westii, var. rotundatus Lesq., PI. IV, Figs.

12-16 61

Westii. var. subintegrifolius Lesq., Pi. IV, Figs. ■

1-4 61,123

Bignonia capreolataL 179

Bombay oblongifolium Ett --- 217

BRACMVPniLLUM 32

. orassum Lesq., PI. II, Fig. 5 ^33

Moreauanura Brongn 32

Bromelia 41

Gaudini Heer 41

UenuifoliaLesq., Pl.I, Fig. 13 41

Bromeliace,!! 41

BromeliE/E 41

EUMELIA 113

Marcouana (Heer) Lesq 203

OreadumUng 114

Jrbomboidea Lesq., PI. LI, Fig. 10 113

BUMELIE/E 113

C.«SALrisE.«; .- 145

Callistemophyllum 138

Heerii Ett., PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 8 138

melaleucffiformo, Ett 139

Calycites sp., Lesq., PI. XXII, Fig. 8 221

caprifoliace.je 119

Caepites 221

coniger Lesq., PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 17 33 1

cordiformis Lesq., PI. XXII, Fig. 9 220

liriopbylli Lesq 211

obovatus Lesq., PI. LXII, Fig. 5 321

tiliaceus » Heer, PI. XXII, Figs. 6, 7 231

?sp.,Lesq 331

Carya antiqua Newb 254

Cassia 146

Berenices Heer 146

cordifolia Heer 215

lignitum Ung 146

pbaseoHtes Heer 151

polita Lesq 146

problematica Lesq., PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 3 146

Cassieje 146

Ceanotbus americanua L 253

Meigsii Lesq 253

Celastrixe« 172

Celastrophyllum 172

Acherontis Ett 174

belgicum Sap. & Mar 113

BenedeniSap. & Mar 113,251

crassipes Lesq., PI. LVII, Figs. 6, 7 174

cretaceum Lesq., PI. XXX"VIII, Figs. 12-14 irS

decnrrens Lesq., PI. XXXVI, Fig. 1 172,251

? ensifolium Lesq 173

lanceolatum Ett 172,251

myrsinoides Lesq., PI. LVII, Figs. 8, 9 174

obliquum Knowlton, PI. LVII, Fig. 5 1 73

Celastrus Bruckmanni Heer 149, 175

minatalus AI. Br 175

PyrrhieEtt 17*

scandens L 251

Oeltisf oiiafaLesq 165

Ceratonia siliqua Caronbier 146

Chondrophyllum NordmskioldiJ Heer 129

oriiculatum Heer 129

Cmnamomuji 1"*

aifineLesq ^41

campboraL 107,241

ellipsoideum Sap. & Mar., PL LI, Figs. 8, 9 105,106

Heerii Lesq, PI. XV, Fig. 1 105,241

Marioni Lesq , PI. LL Figs. 6, 7 106

polymorphum ( Al. Br.) Heer 94, 106, 241

Scheucbzeri Heer, PI. XI, Fig. 4 97, 104, 106, 241

INDEX.

393

CiNNAMOMUM — Continued.

sezanncinse "Watelet, PI. XII, Figa. 6, 7 lOr, 240, 241

Keylanicum 107

Cissampelos pareira ..- 248

CiasiTES 159

ac6rifoliusLe3q.,Pl.LVIII,Fig, 1 163

acntninatus LescL ■ . 164

afiinisLesq 164

a]ata3Le3q.,Pl.XXIII,Fig.6 160

aflanticaEtt 163

Brownii Lesq., PI. SVIII, Fig. U 163

dentato-lobatns Lesq., PI. LXVI, Fig. i 164

formosus Heer, PI. XXI, Fig. 5 159,161

harlterianus Lesq 161,164

Heerii Lesq 161,164

ingens Lesq., PI. XIX, Figs. 2, 2a 159, 245, 246

ingens Lesq., var. parvifolia Leaq., PI. LVH,

Figs. 3, 4 160

insignia Heer 159

lacerus Sap 245

lobato-crenata Leaq 246

obtusilobu3Lesq.,Pl.XXXni,Fig. 5 161

NimrodiEtt 163

populoicles Lesq., PI. XVIII, Figs. 12-14 162

pnilasoliensia Heer 159, 245

salisburi^foUus Lesq 164

Cissus vitifolia "Velen 159

Coccoloba floridana Meisner 112

punctata 112

Cocculns carolinus DC 248

Haydenianus Ward 248

COLOCABIOIDEJE ... 38

COLDTEA 148

coronilloides Heer 149

primordialis Heer, PI. XIII, Figs. 8, 9 148

CONIFEEiE 32

Coliifera of nncertain relation 36

COKKACE.» 125

COKNUS 125

aaperifolia Mx 246

BuoliiiHeer 125

Forcbammeri Heer 126,246

Nuttallii Aud 246

platj-pbylla Sap' 126

platypbylloides Lesq., PI. LXIV, Fig. 15 136

prajcox Lesq., PI. XX til. Fig. 5 135, 246

Corylopsia multiiiora Sap 123

Ckat^gus • 142

aceroirtes Lesq., PI. LIV, Fig. 8 ; PI. LV, Fig. 1 . . 143

antiqua Heer 142, 254

ativina Heer 143

LaooeiLesq., PI. LXIT, Fig. 11; PI. LXVI, Fig. 2. 143

lanrenciana Leaq, PI. XXX VIII, Fig. 1 143, 254

oxyacantha L. 144

palseocautba Sap 144

spatbulata Michx 143

tenninervis Lesq., PI. LIV, Figs. 5-7 143

tomentoaa L 142, 254

Ceyptogamia 23

Cucuraitea variabilis Eowerb 220

CUPKESSINE.E 36

CUPULTFERiE 51

CYCADACEjE 26

Cycade.« 30

Cycadeospekmum 30

columnareLe3q.,PI. XLIV, Figa.7, 8 31

hettangense Sap 30

impresaum Natb 30

lineatnm Lesq., PI. I, Fig. 14 30

Pomelii Sap 31

Cycadites 30

Lorteti Sap 30

pungens Lesq., PI. II, Fig. 6 30

Cytisiis cretaceua Dunk 168

Dammara robuata Moore 33

DAMM.\KITE3 32

borealis Heer 33

caudatus Lesq., PI. I, Figs. 9, 10 32

emarginatus Lesq., PI. I, Fig. 11 33

microlepis Heer 33

Daphne protogEea Ett 99

Daphnogene sezannensis (Wat. ) Sap. & Mar - . 107

Daphnophyllum 98

angustifoliura Lesq. , PI., XXXVI, Fig. 8 98

dakotense Lesq., PI. LI, Figs. 1-4, PI. LII, Fig. 1 . 99

Dewalquea 211

dakotensisLesq., PI. LIX, Figs. 5, 6 311

gelindenais Sap. &. Mai 211

groenlandica Heer 21x

heldemaiana Sap. & Mar 93,211

insignis Heer 211

DiCOTYLBDONES 42

DiOSCOEEA 41

? cretacea Lesq 41

DlOSCOKEACE^ 41

DiOBPYROS 109

ambiguaLesq IIO

ancepa Lesq 110, 111

apiculata Lesq., PI. XIV, Fig. 3 110

? celastroidea Lesq., PI. XX, Fig. 7 113

palaeogsea Ett 113

prim»va Heer, PI. XX, Figa. 1-3 109, 110

psendoanceps Lesq., PI. XXII, Fig. 1 Ill

rotnndifolia Lesq., PI. XVII, Figs. 8-11 43, 113

Steenstrupi? Heer, PI. XVI, Fig. 9 Ill

virginiana L 243

Distribution, Table of 222

Dryopbyllum aquamarum "Ward 58

EodrysDeb 57

Ebenace 109

ELjEODENURON 175

australe Vent 175

sagorianum Ett 175

speciosum Leaq., PI. XXXVI, Figa. 2, 3 175

EMBOTHRIE.E 89

ENCEPHALARTtiE 26

Encephalartos 29, 88

cretaceusLesq., PI. I, Fig 12 29

Gorceisianu.s Sap 29

Equisetites groenlandicus Heer 28

Squiseium nodosum Lesq 37

Ekemophyllum 213

firabriatum Lesq 313

EUMYESINEjB 114

Ericace.e 115

Eucalyptus 137

acervulaLieb 136

angusta Velen 138

394

INDEX.

Page.

Eucalyptus— Continned.

aakotensla Lesq., PI. XXXVH, Figs.14-19 137

floribnnda Endl 136

Geinitzi Heer, PI. XXXYU, Fig. 20 137, 1 3S

euencephalaktbje 29

Eugenia 137

lijiringiana Ung 137

primajva Lesq., PLLIII, Fig3.5-9 137

Fac.us 51

Antipofii Abich 52

cretacea Newb 51

deucalionis TJng 52

FeroniiB Ung 236

ferruginea Ait 236

orbictaatum Lesq., PI. SLVII, Fig. 6 51

polyclada Losq 51

pseudo-ferruginea Lesq 236

FESTUCE..E 37

FlCE^ . "6

Ficus 76

AglajaeUng 82

AizoonTJDg (^3

aligeraLesq., PI. X, Figs. 3-6 84

amei'icana Dabl .-• 83

? luignstata Lesq 80

arctica Heer 239

arenacea Lesq 239

atavina Heer 79, 84,98

Beckwitbii Lesq SO

bengalica 80

Berthoudi Lesq., PI. Xn, Fig. 3 77,78,81,95,239

bumelioides Ett 85

cestrifolia Scbott 84

crassipes Heer, PI. XIII, Fig. 3 79

deflexa Lesq., PI. in. Fig. 13 ; PI. XVI, Fig. 3 . - - 80, 239

degener Ung 98

Deaori Heer 78

distortaLesq 85

elongata Hos 77,78,239

Falconieri Heer 78

fjimbTiata Lesq 213

fruits of, PI. X, Figs. 7, 8 85

glascoena Lesq., PI. XIII, Figs. 1, 2 76, 85

Hailiana Lesq SO, 239

inasqaalis Lesq., PI. XLIX, Figs. 6-8; PI. L, Fig. 3. S'J

Jynx Ung 82

Krausiana Heer, PI. L, Fig. 5 81

lanceolataLesq 239

lanceolato-acaminata Ett., PI. XIU, Fig. 4 85

lanropbylla Lesq 85

lentiginosa VabI ... 83

longifolia Hos 239

macrophylla Lesq., PI. XL Fig. 1 76

magnoliajfolia Lesq., PI. XVI, Fig. 4 79,83

melanopbylla Lesq., PI. L, Fig. 2 83

Mobliana Heer 78

Mudgei Lesq 85

multinervis Heer 77, 98, 217, 239

nitidaThunb 83

planicostata Lesq 239

prajcursor Lesq., PI. XLIX, Fig. 5 81,82

primordialia Heer 80, 170

productaL 187,239

proteoides Lesq., PI. XII, Fig. 2 77,239

protoga;a, Ett 85

psidiopsis Massal 169

Page.
Ficus— Continued.

pulcherrima Sap 81,82,214,239

rectinervis Ett 76

Schimperi Lesq 239

Smithsoniana Lesq 239

Sternbeigii Lesq., PI. L, Fig. 1 82

superstitioaus L 187

s.ycomorus L 83

tenas " 81

tiliasfolia Lesq 239,240

1 undulata Lesq., PI. XII, Fig. 6 84

UngeriLesq 239

wyomiDgiana Lesq 239

FiLICES 24

Flabeli.aria 39

?minimaLesq 39

Frangula caroliniana Gray 168,253

Fungi 23

Galege.e 148

Galla 58

queroinaLesq.,Pl. VII, Fig. 2 58

Geinitzia sp. Heer 36

Glbichenia 25

Kurriana Heer 25

Nordenslcioldi Heer - 25

Gleichenie^ 25

Glyptostrobiis gracillinius Lesq 36

Gramise^is 37

Grewie.e ISO

Grewiopsis 180

ajquidentataLesq., PI. L VIII, Fig. 4 ISO

auisomera Sap 181

credneripeformis Sap 181

Haydenii Lesq 64,180,250

Mudgei Lesq., PI. LXVL Fig. 3 181

orbiculata Sap fi3

Gtmnospeeile 26

Hakea arctica Heer 197

Hama-MELIDE.e 139

Hamamelis Tirginica L 246

H AMAMELITES 139

?cordatas Lesq 139,246

fothergilloides Sap 55,246

liansaseanus Lesq 139

quadrangularis Lesq 139

quercifolius Lesq 139,246

tenuinervis Lesq 139

Hedeea 127

aaricnlata Heer 127,130,245

BrnueriWard 245

cretacea Lesq., PI. XVIII, Fig. 1 127, 245

cuneata Heer 245

cuneifolia 130

I decuiTensLesq., PLXVIII,Fig. 6 130

Gaudicbaudi Gray 130

Helix L 127,245

marginata Lesq 245

micropbjlla Lesq., PI. XVIII, Figs. 2, 3 127

minima Ward 129,245

orbicnlata ( Heer), Lesq., PI. XVIL Figs. 12-14. . 129, 245

OTaUs Lesq., PI. XVII, Fig. 15 139, 245

parvnla Ward 129,245

platanoidea Heer 128,130,141

primordialis Heer 245

prisma Sap 245

StrozziiGaud 127,245

INDEX.

395

Hedehej; 127

Hed j-cara arborea J. et G. Forat 213

Helicteee^ 186

HyjieNjEa 145

dakotana Lesq., PI. LV, Figs. 2, 3; PI. LVI, Figs.

1, 2; PI. LXn, Fig 2 145

priraigenia Sap 145

Ilex 176

armata Lesq., PI. XXIX, Fig. 8 176,252

borealis Heer, PI. XXXV, Fig. 8 . . 110, 176, 179, 213, 252

(lakotensisLe8q.,Pl. XXIX, Fig. 11 178,252

dryandrfe folia Sap 177

glabra Gray 252

longifolia Heer 178,179

Masoni Lesq., PI. VII, Fig 6 ; PI. LXIU,Fig. 6.. 179

opaca Ait 252

papulosa Le.sq., PI. XXIS, Figs. 9, 10 ; PI. LVni,

Fig. 3 177,2.52

Sondrteri Lesq., PI. LVIII, Fig.2 178

stenophylla Une 178

strangulata Lesq 178

lLICINE.ffi 176

INGA 153

cretacea Lesq., PI. LV, Fig. 11 15.5

Inolepis sp., Lesq S6

JUGLANDE.S; 68

JUGLANDITES 70

Ellsworthianus Lesq., PI. XXXVII, Fig. 1 70

Lacoei Lesq. , PI. XLVIII, Fig. 5 71

peramplus Sap 70,

primordialis Lesq., PI. XXXV, Fig. 15 70

sinuatns Lesq., PI. XXXV, Figs. 9-11 71

JUGLANB - 68

acnminata Al. Br 69,70.

arctica Heer, PL XIX, Fig. 3; Pl.XXXIX,

Fig. 5 68,253

crassipes Heer, PI. XLIX, Figs. 1-3 69, 253

cretacea Dn 253

dabia Ludw 70

harwoodensis Dn 253

primordialis Lesq 253

Ungeri Heer 69

Laflbnia lielvetica Heer 31

Laurelia 108

aroioatica Poir 108

primseva Lesq., PI. XX, Fig. 8 108

rediviva Ung 108

Laurelia sempervire^is Tul io8

LAUEixEa; 91

Laurophtllum 95

Ellsworthianum, Lesq. , PI. XIII, Fig. 7 95

Lauhus 91

angusta Heer, PI. XVI, Fig. 7 9S

antecedens Lesq., PI. XI, Fig. 3 93

californica Lesq 241

canariensis Willd., var. angustifolia 104

canariensis Willd., var. latifolia 104

caroliniensis 241

cretacea Ett 92

Delessii Sap 241

dermatopliyllon Weber 94

grandis Lesq 241

Haidingeri Ett 216

Holte Heer, PI. XII, Fig. 8 9a

KuowItODi Lesq., PI. L, Fig. 4 94

luacrocarjia Lesq 93 95 !

Laubub — Continued.

<Carpites) microcarpa Lesq., PI. XVI, Fig. 8 93

nebrascensis Lesq : 91

Odini 92

plutonia Heer, PI. Xin, Figs. 5, 6; PI. XXII,

Fig.5.. 86,91,92,93,110

primigenia Ung 86, 86, 91, 93, 133, 240, 241

primigenia Ung., var. cretacea, Lesq 98, 240

proteaifolia Lesq 93

pseudo-caroliniana Lesq 241

resargens Sap 94

EeussiiEtt 93

superba Sap 94

teliformis Lesq., PL L, yig.9 94

Legumixosje 145

Legumiuosie of uncertain relation 148

LEGU.MIXOSITES 148

constrictus Lesq., PI. XLIV, Fig. 3 151

coronilloides » Heer, PI. XIII, Fig. 10 149

cultriforuiia Lesq 15*.3

dakotensis Lesq., PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 5 150

emargiuatus Heer 150

Fiscberi Heer 150

hymenopbj llu3 Lesq., PL LV, Figs. 7-9; PI.

LVI,Fig.3 153

insularis Heer, PI. XLIV, Fig. 4 153

Marcouanus Heer 203, 229

ompbaloliioidea Lesq., PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 4 149

phaseolites .' Heer, PI. LVI, Fig. 10 153, 215

podogonialis Lesq., PI. XIII, Fig. 11; PI.

XSXVIII, Fig. 16 148

Proserpinie Heer 149

trunoatus Knowlton, PI. XXI, Fig. 7 1 50

Ungeri Heer 153

LEPTOSPERME.S 137

LlLIACE.;!; 39

LiNDERA 95

Masoni Lesq., PI. XVIII, Figs 9, 10 96. 241

triloba Blume 96 241

venusta Lesq., PI. XVI, Figs. 1, 2 95

LiQUIPAMBAB 75

europa?uni miocenum Sap. & Mar 183

integrifolium Lesq 75, 134

LlEIODENDRON 203

acuminatum Lesq., PI. XXVII, Figs. 2, 3 -.307,208,210
acuminatum var. bilobatum Lesq., PI. XXVIII,

Fig 4 207

Beckwitbii Lesq 230

Celakovskii Velen igi

cruciforme Lesq 206

Gardneri Sap jeo

giganteam Lesq., PI. XXV, Fig. 1; PI. XXVL

Fig. 5 ; PI. XXVII, Fig. 1 306, 207, 229, 248

giganteum, var. cruciforme Lesq., PI. XXVIII,

Figs. 1,2 306

Haueri Ett 248

helveticnm Fish.-Oost 248

intermedium Lesq., PI. XXV, Fig. 5 307,230

islandicum Sap. & Mar 2O8, 248

Meekii Heer, PI. XXVIII, Figs. 5, 6 305, 229

Meekii, var. genuinum 205

Meekii, yar. miicronulata Heer 203

Meekii, Y&Y.MarcouanaKetiT 203

Meekii, var. oftcorrfff (a Heer 203

obcordatnm Lesq 230

oblongifolium Newb 230

396

INDEX.

LiRIODENBBON— Continned.

pinnatifidam Lesq., PI. XXTH, Figs. 4, 5 . . .a09, 210, 230

popiiloides Le.sq 230

primffivum Kewb., Pl.XXIV, Fiff.*; PI. XXVI,

Figs. 1-4 303,204,229

Procaccinii Heer 229,248

quercifoliam Newb 230

semialatum Lesq., PI. XXV, Figs. 2-4 ; PI. XXIX,

Fig. 3 204,207,209,229

simplex Newb 22D

Snowii Lesq., PI. XXIX, Figs. 1,2 209,230

TalipiferaL 205,208,229,248

WeUingtonii, Lesq , PI. XXVIII, Fig. 7 ..208, 210,230

LiRIOPHTLLUM 210

BecliwitMi Lesq 210

obcordatnoi Lesq., PI. XXVII, Fig. 7 310

popnloides Lesq 311, 219

LiTSEA 96

cretaceaLesq.,?!. XV,Fig.2 96

elatinervis Sap. & Mar 97

espansa Sap. &: Mar 97

falcifoliaLesq.,Pl.XI, Fig 5 9r

glauca Siebold 97

lauriaoides Hos & Marclc 97

LiTSEACEiE 91

LOM.\TIA 89

Saportanea Lesq 89

Saportanea var. longifolia Lesq 89

ltgodiace.e 25

Ltgodium 25

tricbomanoides Lesq — 35

Macclintockia cretacea Heer 23

MAGNOLIA-- 198

acuminataL 199,200,247

ampUfolia Heer, PI. XXIV, Fig. 3 200, 202

alternans Heer, PI. XXXIV, Fig. 11 201

Botaa.vanaLe3q.,Pl. LX, Fig. 2 202

califoniica Lesq 247

Capellinii Heer, PI. LXVI, Fig. 1 ....199, 201, 202, 20:I

cordata Mx - 247

Inglefleldi Heer -■--- 199,2*1

Lacoeana Lesq., Pl.LX,Fig.l 301

longepetiolata Et t 202

LudwigiiEtt 202

obovata Xewb 303

obtu3ataHeer,Pl. LX, Fig3.5,6 301

ovalisLesq 247

pseudoacuminata Lesq., PI. XXIV, Fig. 2 199, 200,

201, 247

speciosa Heer, PI. LX,Figs.3,4 303

tenuifolia Lesq., PI. XXIV, Fig 1 104, 198, 247

umbrellaL 199,247

(carpites) sp., Lesq 303

Magnoltace-e 198

MESISPEESIiCE-i; 196

MESISPEK.MITE3 196

acerifolius Lesq -- 196, 248

acutilobus Lesq 196

cretacea Heer 197

cyclopbyllns Lesq .' 196,248

dentatnsHeer 197

grandisLesq 196,197,248

obtnsilobns Lesq. 196

obtTisilobus Lesq., Tar. ? 196

ovalis Lesq 196

populilolius Lesq 196

Menispkrmites— Continned.

rugosus Lesq., PI. XXIX, Fig. 7 196

salinensis Lesq 196

Menisperraum canadense 248

MONIMl ACE.E 108

mokocottleuones 37

Myrica 66

asperaLesq.,Pl.n, Fig.ll 66,233

bilinicaEtt 68

californica Cham 233

oerifera L 66,233

cretacea Lesq 66, 68

dakotensis Lesq 68

emarginata Heer, PI. XII, Fig. 1 66,67,233

GrseffiiHeer 233

longa Heer, PI. Ill, Figs. 1-6 50,67,233

longifolia Sap 233

obUquaKnowlton,Pl.XLIV, Fig.l6 68

obtusa Lesq 68

proxima Ett - 68

SchiraperiLesq., PI. II, Fig. 12 66

?semina Lesq 68

Sternbergii Lesq 68,233

StaderiHeer 68

thulensis Heer 66

TorreyiLesq 233

Mtricace.e 66

Mykbi-\e 114

antiquaUng 130,175

borealis Heer 114

crassa Lesq., PI. LII, Figs. 2, 3 114

grandis Ung 115

melanopblea E. Br 114

salicoides Al. Br 174

UrvilleiDC 114

MYESINE-E ,- 114

Mybsixites 115

Myrsinites ? Gaudinl Lesq., PI. LIT, Fig. 4 115

Myktace.e 136

Myrtophyllum 136

GeinitziHeer 136,138

pulchrnm Sap 136

WarderiLesq, PI. LIII, Fig.lO 136

Negnndo californica Torr. & Gray 251

Negundoides 156

acutifolius Lesq 156, 251

Nordenskioldia borealis Heer, PI. XLIV, Fig. 6- . . .319, 250

Nyssa 126

europiea TjDg 126

Snowiana Lesq., PI. LII, Fig.ll 136

Nyssidium grcenlandioum Heer 127

Oreodaphse 108

cretaceaLeaq 108

Ottelia parisiensis Sap 39

Paljsocasbia 147

angustifoliaEtt..... 147

lanceolata Ett 147

lanrinea Lesq., PI. LXIV, Fig. 12 147

Paliurvs 165

affinisHeer. 165,262

ancepsLesq., PL XXXV, Fig. 4 166

colombiHeer 167,253

oretaceus Lesq., PI. XXXV, Fig. 3 165, 252

membranaceus Lesq., PI. XXXV, Fig. 5 166, 167

montanus Dn 252

obovatus Lesq., PI. XXXV, Fig,6 165

INDEX.

397

Palidrub— Continued.

ovalis Dawson, PI. XXXV, Fig. 7 166,252

tenuifolina Heer 165

PAL5LB 39

Pandanug ornatug 41

PAI'ILIONACEjE 147

Parroti A 140

Canfleldi Lesq., Pl. XXX, Fig. 6 141

grandidentata Lesq., PI. XXXIX, Figs, i-i .... 140, 157

pristiuaEtt 140

1 WinoliemLesq., PI. XXIX, Figs. 5, 6 140

PECOPTERIDEjE 24

Pecopterib 24

nebrasliana Heer 34

Peesea 103

Braunii Heer 103

caroliniensis 241

HayanaLesq., Pi. XVI, Fig. 6 103,104,241

Leconteana Leaq., Pl.XI,Fig.2 104

nebrascensis Leaq 91

palieomorplia Sap. & Mar 103, 241

Schimperi Leaq., PI. XVI, Fig. 5 103, 104, 241

specioaa Heer ..- 103

Sternbergii Leaq 104

perbeack.s 103

Peesoon'IA 89

Heerii Pilar 89

laurina Heer 90

Lesquereuxii Knowlton, PI. XX, Figs. 10-12 89

pek600nieje 89

Phanerogamia 26

PHASEOLEiE 147

Phaseolitkb 147

formua Leaq., PI. LV, Figa. 5, 6, 12 147

glycinoidea Sap - 147

PHRAGMITE9 37

cretaceua Leaq., PI. II, Fig. 8 37

cBjiingenais Al.Br 37

Phyllites 213

amissaa Leaq., LXII, Fig. 1 317

amorphua Leaq 319

ariatolocliiieformia Leaq., PI. LIX, Fig. 8 317

betuUBfoIius Leaq 66

celatu3Leaq.,PI. LXI,Fig.l ■ 315

ciseoides Leaq 75

dnreacena Leaq. , PI. LXI, Fig. 5 ; PI. LXII, Fig.3 . 318

erosna Leaq., PI. LXI, Fig. 4 216

innecten3Lesq.,Pl. LXV, Fig.6 319

Lacoei Leaq., PI. XLV, Fig. 6 _ 313

laurencianua Lesq., PI. XLIV, Fig, 5 31 5

o&cordaiz(S Heer 203, 229

perplexua Lesq., PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 15 215

rhoifolins Ledq 319

rhomboideua Leaq 219

SnowiiLe3q.,PI. XXXVni, Pig.2 214

stiputeformis Lesq., PI. LXI, Fig. 2 216

umbouatus Leaq 319

Vanonae Heer 214

zamiseformia Leaq., PI. H, Fig. 7 38

sp. Lesq., PI. LIX, Pig. 7 316

Phyllocladub 34

Phyllocladua aubintegrifoIiuaLeaq., PI. II, Figa. 1-3. 34

platanace.s: 72

Platasus 72

aceroidea Gijpp 232, 238

a#»ii» Leaq 110,164

Platanus— Continned.

appfvndiculata Lesq , 72, 232, 238

baailobata Ward 188, 232, 238

ciasoides Lesq., PI. LXI, Fig, 3 75

diminutiva Leaq 75

dissectaLesq 238

GuillelmiB 73, 238

Haydenii Newb 72,238

Heerii Lesq 75

latiloba Newb 102

Newberriana Heer 64, 74, 110

nobilis Newb 238

obtuailoba Leaq., PI. X, Fig. 2 74, 160

occidentalia L 72, 212, 232, 238

primasva Leaq., PI. VIII, Figa. 7-8 b,- PI. X, Fig.

1 73,102,232

prinneva, var. grandidentata Leaq., PI. IX, Figa.

1,2.

priinseva, var. integrifoIiaLeaq., PI. XLIX, Fig.
4

primceva, var. submtegrifolia Lesq., PI. IS, Figs.

73

74

3,4 73

Raynoldsii Newb 238

recurvata Lesq 102,135,231

rhomboidea Lesq 238

SiriiUng 183

PmuB 32

Quenstedti Heer 33

Podogonium americanum Leaq 148

Knorrii Heer 148

Lyellianum Heer 150

PonozAMiTES 27

anguatifolius (Eiohw. ) ScUimp., PI. I, Fig. 4 37, 28

caudatus Leaq ■ 32

emai-ginatus Lesq 33

Haydenii Lesq 36, 27

lanceolatua (L. &H.) Brongn., PI. I, Figa. 5, 6 ... 28

lanceolatua, var. latifolina Heer 28*

latipennia Heer 27

oblongua Leaq 26

pr(elongics JjQsq 32

Stenopua Lesq., PI. I, Fig. 7 37

tenuinervis Heer 27

polypodi ace,,e 24

PomEjE 142

populiteb 45

cyclophyllus Heer 46,48

elegana Leaq,, PI. XL VI, Fig. 5; PI. XL VII,

Figa. 2-3 46,47,48

lancaatrienaia Leaq 44,46, 48

litigioaus (Heer) Lesq., PI. VII, Fig. 7 ; PI. Vm,

Fig. 5 ; PI. XL VI, Fig. B ; PI. XL VII, Fig. 1. . 46

salisburicefoUus JjQsq 164

Sternbergii Lesq., PI. VII, Figs. 8-9 45

POPULUB 42

arcticaHeer 44,237,238

Berggreni Heer, PI. VHI, Figs. 2-4 42, 84

? cordifolia Newb 45,46

cyclophylla Heer 48

elliptica Newb 45,237

G-audini Fiscber-Ooster 44

barkerianaLesq., PI. XLVI, Fig. 4 44

hyperborea Heer, P I. Ill, Figa. 9-11 ; PI. VIU,

Fig. 1; PI. XLVII, Fig. 5 43,112

kansaseana Lesq., PI. XVII, Figa. 1-7 42

lUigioea Heer 46,48

398

INDEX.

PopuLUs— Continued.

microph\lla Newb - 45

mutabilis Heer 43,120

primiBvaHeer..-i 237

stysia Heer, PI. in, Fig. 12 44,112

Zadilachi 338

Pkoteaceje 89

PROTEE.S; 90

Pboteoides 90

dapbno£:enoide3 Heer 78,90

grevilleajformis Heer OO

lancifolius Heer, PI. XY, Fig. 5; PI. L, Fig. 8... 90

longus Heer 67

Protophillum 187

orassum Lesq., PI. LXV, Fig. i 193, 213

crednerioides Lesq., PI. XXXVI, Fig. 11 ; PI.

XLIII, Fig. 4-5 194

orenatum Knowlton, PI. LXV, Fig. 7 190

denticulatum Lesq., PI. XXXVL Fig. 9 193

dimorplium Lesq., PI. XLI, Fig. 1 190

Leconteanam Lesq., PI. XL, Fig. 1 187

Haydenii Lesq.. PI. XLIII, Fig. 1 ; PI. XLIV,

Figs. 1,2 192,195

integerrimum Lesq., PI. XLIII, Fig. 3 192, 195

Mudgei Lesq '. 195

multinerve Lesq., PI. XLIII, Fiit. 2 : PI. LXV,

Fig.l 191

nebrascense Lesq 195

pra'stansLesq., PI. XLI, Figa. 2, 3; PI. XLIL

Figs. 3, 4 188

pseudospermoides Lesq., PI. LIX, Fig.2 194

pterospermifolium Lesq. , PI. LIX, Fig.l 195

quadratuni Lesq 189. 195

rugosum Lesq .« 194,195

Sternbergii Lesq., PI. XLII, Fig. 1 187, 189,192

undalatnin Lesq., PI. XLII, Fig. 2 189

Pruned 144

Pbunus 144

(Amygdalas) ? antecedens Lesq.. PI. LV, Fig. 4 . . 144

arbutifolia L 254

cretacea Lesq 254

pereger 0ng 145

serrulata Heer 254

PlENOSTROBUS 36

Ptenostrobas nebrascensis Lesq 36

PTERIDE.S; 24

PlEBIS 24

datotensis Lesq., PI. I, Figs, 2, 3 24

Pterophyllum ? Haydenii Lesq 26

Ptekospermites 186

Baydenii Lesq 192

longeacuminatns Lesq., PI. LIX, Fig. 3 1 86

modestus Lesq., PI. LVni, Fig. 5 186

multinervis hesq 191,192

quadratics Leaq 195

rugosus Lesq 195

aagorianam Ett 186

Pterospennum suberifolium Willd 187

PrREXOMYCETES 23

Ptrus 144

? cretacea Newb 144,254

quercine^ - 51

Qlebcus . 52

advenaSap 54

agrifolia NSe 53

QuERCUS— Continued.

alnoides Lesq, PI. VII, Fig. 3 54

angustiloba Al. Br 235

antiqua Newb , 55

bicorDis "Ward 235

Championi Benth 54

chrysopbylla Kellogg 53

cuneataNewb 55

(Dryophylliim) dakotensis Lesq., PI. VII, Fig. 4. 56

Deloeai Heer 52,54

EUsworthiaua Lesq 55, 95, 235

glasooena Lesq., PI. VI, Fig. 6 55

bexagonaLesq., PI. VII, Fig. 5 56,234

(Dryophyllum) bieracifolia (Deb.) Hos. and v.

d, Marck, PI. Ill, Fig. 15 58,234

(Dryopbyllum) Holmesii Lesq 58

(Bryopbyllum) UosiauaLesq., PI. Ill, Fig. 14.... 57

ilex L 53

Larguensia Sap 55

(Dryopbyllum) latifolia Leaq 58, 235

latissimaHos 52, 139

Morrisoniana Lesq 55

nevadensis Leaq 58

0.sbornii Lesq 56

porauoides Leaq 56

(Dryopbyllum) primordialia Lesq 56, 235

pseudolyrata Leaq 235

(Dryopbyllum) rbamnoides Lesq., PI. XLVIII,

Fig.4 57

Einkiana Heer 235

salioifolia Newb 55, 235

semialata Lesq 195

cuueata Newb 55

(Dryopbyllum) subcretaceum (Sap.) Lesq 54

spurio-ilex Knowlton, PI. XLTin, Fig.3 53

snspecta Lesq., PI. SLVII, Fig. 7; PI. XLVIII,

Figa.1,2 52

tbulensis Heer 235

troglodites Heer. 56, 234 .

VictoriiB Dn 235

Wardiana Leaq., PI. VII, Fig. 1 53,235

Warningiana Heer 235

westl'alica Hoa. & v. d. Marck 57, 139

WilmsiiHos 52

Rhamnites 171

apiculatus Leaq., PI. XXXVII, Figa. 8-13 171

colubrinoides Ett 172

Rhamne^ 165,168

Rhamnus 168

Eridani ., 71

inaiquilateralis Lesq., PI. XXXVII, Figa. 4-7. . . 170, 253

Mudgei Lesq., PI. XXXVII, Figs. 2,3 169,170

ceningensia Al. Br 170,253

prunifoliua Lesq., PI. XXXV, Fig. 14 169

Pursbianns D(J 168

rectinervis Heer 168, 252

revolutaLeaq.,Pl. LXV, Fig.5 171

aimilia Lesq., PI. XXXV, Figs, 12, 13 168,253

subsinuatus Gopp 113

tenax Lesq., PI. XXXVIII, Fig. 6 170

Rhus 154

ambigua Hng 154

copallina L... 155

deleta Heer 154

juglandogene Ett 155

INDEX.

399

Rhus — Continued .

PowemanaLe3q.,Pl.LVI, Figa.4,5 <55

TJddeni Lesq., PI. LVII, rig. 2 154

? Westii Knowlton, PI. XXXVIII, Figs. 9, 10 ... . 154

KOSACEiE - ^*^

Salicineje *^

Salix ^

abbreviata Gopp ^^

catkinof, Pl.TIII, Fig.6 51

cuneata Newb 50

deleta Lesq., PI. Ill, Mg. 8 49,236

fleinosaNewb ^^

fragilisL --- ^^

Hay6iLesq.,PI.in,I'ig.7 48

Integra ^^®

Ueetli Newb ■***

nerviUoaaHeer 49,169,236

protefflfolia Lesq 49,236,237

protesefolia, var. flexuosa Lesq., PI. LXIV, Figs.

4,6 - 5»

piote:efolia,var. lanceolata Lesq., PI. LXIV, Figs.

6-8 50

protesefolia, var. linearifolia Lesq., PI. LXIV,

Figs. 1-3 *9

proteajfolia, var. longifolia Lesq., PI. LXIV, Fig. 9 50

tenera Al. Br '^^'^

EasiinaHeer *9

Sambuce.e - 11^

S APiND ace;e 158

SAPiNUE.a; 15^

StPINDUS 158

apiculatus Velen 159

diversifolius Lesq., PI. LXIV, Fig. 18 1 5S

falcifolius Heer 220

Morrisoni Lesq., PI. XXXV, Figs. 1, 2 113, 158

prodromus Heer r - ■ 158

aaponariusL 220

Sapotace« 11^

Sapotacites ll*

retuaus Heer 217

Sapotacites ap. ? PI. LXV, Fig. 3 114

Sassafras 88

acutilobum Lesq 100,230

arctica 241

cretaceum Newb 96, 230, 241

cretaceum, var., acutilobum Lesq 100

(Araliopsis) cretaceum, Newb., var. grossedenta-

turn Lesq., D. var;, PI. LI, Fig. 5 101

cretaceum Newb., var. obtusifoliam Lesq 134

(Araliopsis) cretaceum Newb., var. obtusum,

Lesq 100, lOa

(Araliopsis) dissectum Lesq., PI. XTV, Fig.l.. 101,

212, 231

harkerianwti Lesq 164, 231

Mudgei Lesq 100,230

( Araliopsis) mirabile Lesq 101, 1 08,231

obtusiim Lesq 164

officinale L 99,100,231,241

(Araliopsis) papillosum Lesq., PI. VI, Fig. 7 lOSi

PfaffianaHeer ... 241

(Araliopsis) platanoides Lesq 103, 231

primiginea 241

' primordiale Lesq., PI. XVI lOO

(Araliopsis) recurvatum, Lesq 10*8, 241

Selwyni Dn 241

subintegrifolium Lesq, PI. XIV, Fig.2 99,231

ScUizoneura paradoxa Scbimp. & Mong 29

Sclerotium cinnamomi Heer 23,198

?sp.,Pl.LIX, Figs. 4,4a 8.5

Sequoia ■''5

condita Lesq 30

faatigiata Heer SO

formoaa Lesq 3tt

Eeicbenbacbia Gein., PI. n. Fig. 4 35

SMILACEiE 39

Smilacites grandifolia TJng 40

Smilax 39

grandifolia Heer 40

grandifolia-ctetacea Lesq., PI. XL VI, Fig. 3 . . . . 40

Haidingeri Hng 39

aubbispida Muhl 39

Taragonii Gaudin 39

undnlataLesq., PI. XLVI, Fig. 2 39

SPAI HICARPEiE 38

Si'HiEElA 23

Braunii Heer ' 23

probleraatioa Knowlton, PI. XXXI, Figs. 2, 2a. . . 23

Spondieae 154

Sterculiace^ 182

SterculiEjE 182

Stekculia 182

aperta Lesq., PI. XXII, Fig.4 185

Braunii Heer 184

cartbaginenais Cav 182

diversifolia G. A 185

LabruscaUng 183,249

limbata Velen 184

lugabris Leaq ..,- — 186

Majolana Mass 184

ModestaSap 249

mucronata Lesq., PI. XXX, Figs. 1^ 183

obtuslloba Leaq 185

reticulata Lesq., PI. XXXIV, Fig. 10 185

Snowii Lesq., PI. XXX, Fig. 5; PI. XXXI,
Figs. 2, 3; PI. XXXII,; PI. XXXin, Figs.

1-4 - 183

Snowii, Lesq., var. disjuncta Lesq., PI. LVm,

Fig.6 184

variabilis Sap 249

Table of distribution ... 222

Taxe« 34

Taxodieae 35

TerminaliaradabojanaUng 218

rectinerva Velen 218

Thinnfeldia Leequereuxiana Heer 34

Nordenskioldi Nath 34

rhomboidalls Ett 34

rotiindata Nath 34

aaligna Scbenk 34

Tilia alaakana Heer 260

antiquaNewb 250

Malmgreni Heer 260

populifolia Lesq 250

TILIACE^, 180

Ulmus crassinervia Ett 214

diptera Steenstrup 214

dubiaDn 243

TJRTIC ACEJE 76

ViBUENITES 124

cr.assu3Lesq.,Pl.XLV,Figs.l-4 134

Masoni Lesq., PI. XLV, Fig. 5 135

400

INDEX.

Page.

Viburnum 119

cuneatum Newb — 123

ellipticum Hook 120,242

Ellsworthianum Lesq., PI. SXI, Fig. 6 , 131

grewiopsideum Lesq., ■l.XXr,Fig.4 ISO

inaquilatei ale Lesq., PI. XXI, Figs. 2, 3 1 19

lantanoides Michx 65,120.242

LentagoL 120

Lesquereuxii "n-ard 121

Lesquereusii "Ward, vav, commune Leaq., PI.

LIir,Fig.2 fii

Lesquereuxii Ward, var. cordifoUum Lesq., PI.

LII,Fig.9 132

Lesquereuxii Ward, var. lanceolatum Lesq., PL

Ln,Fig-3 123

Lesquereuxii Ward, var. latiua Lesq., PI. LII,

Fig.lO 123

Lesquereuxii Ward, var. longifolium Lesq., PI.

Lni,Fig.l 123

Lesquereuxii Ward, var. rotundifoUum Lesq.,

Pl.Ln,Fig.8 133

Lesquereuxii Ward, var. tenuifoliura Lesq., PI.

LXIV,Fig.l3 133

Page.

ViBUUNUM— Continned.

marginatum Lesq 133

nudum L 120,242

robustum Lesq., Pi. XX, Figs. 4-6 130

rugosum Pers 121

Schmidtianum Heer 120

Sphenophyllum Knowlton, PI. Ltll, Fig. 4 123

Strangei Mass 121

Vitis Bruneri Ward 246

WiLLIAMSONIA 87

cretacea Heer 8H

elocata Lesq., PI. II, Figs. 9, 9a 8*

Z AM1E« 26

Zamia integrifolia 30

laTiceolata L. and H. 28

Zamites lanceolatits Morr 28

ap., PI. I, Fig. 8 36

ZlZTPHE^ 165

ZizrpHUS 167

dakotensia Leaq., Plate XXXVI, Figs. 4-7 167

ovatus Web 168

nndulatusEtt 167

UngeriHeer 168