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Se al Pe. gs anne ~ FEORA OF THE ENGEISH LEAKE Dist Ric ie == ‘~~ od : . ' ® ' » * ‘ 7 as yy “ =) * = : , 4 * * ‘ ; i i A FLORA OF THE ENGLISH hake Dis tRiCs bY (iGo E AK Re ER... bes. LONDON GEORGE BELL & SONS, YORK STREET COVENT GARDEN 1885 LIBRARY NEW YORK BOTANICAL Yet happier in my judgment, even than you, With your bright transports, fairly may be deemed, The wandering Herbalist—who clear alike From vain and, that worse evil, vexing thoughts, Casts, if he ever chance to enter here, Upon these uncouth forms a slight regard Of transitory interest, and peeps round For some rare floweret of the hills, or plant Of craggy fountain; what he hopes for wins, Or learns, at least, that ’tis not to be won ; Then, keen and eager, as a fine-nosed hound By soul-engrossing instinct driven along Through wood or open field, the harmless man Departs, intent upon his onward quest. WoRDSWORTH. owt 6 6 WUV & BRERA CE. THIS work is not put forward as a completed Flora of the Lake District. I have never lived within its boundaries, but when I belonged to Yorkshire, now twenty years ago, and was engaged upon ‘ North York- shire’ and the ‘New Flora of Northumberland and Durham, I several times visited the Lakes and made notes upon the plants and their range in altitude, and spent the wet days in codifying the widely-scattered records of my forerunners in the botanical exploration of the district. My collection of notes has been from time to time lent to various botanical friends who have visited it, and they have entered into the books their own observations, and the Rev. W. W. Newbould has given me his ever-ready help in copying out at the British Museum the stations from some of the books to which I could not get access elsewhere. Lately, in editing the catalogue of species for Westmoreland and Cumberland for the new edition of Watson’s ‘ Topo- graphical Botany, and reading the detailed diary by Mr. Watson of his excursions in 1835, from Keswick, Kendal, and Shap, which has come into my hands as his executor, my interest in the subject has been revived, and as it does not seem likely at present to stand in the way of anything more complete, I have thought it best to publish my collection of notes as they stand, especially as the local Societies are now iv PREFACE. training up a new generation of observers, who cannot obtain access to the botanical periodicals and older works of a general character, and, even if they could, have no fair chance of understanding the gap which, from a scientific point of view, separates Watson and Borrer from Richardson and Hutton. I have con- sidered the district which I have included as extending northward and eastward to Allonby, Wigton, Penrith, and Tebay, but have not always strictly kept to an exact limit in those directions. Broadly speaking, there are two wide tracts of country included in Watson’s Lake Province not here dealt with, the low-lying northern half of Cumberland, often called the Plain of Carlisle, and the western slope of the Pennine Chain through Cumberland and Westmoreland. The Lake District, as here treated, is a mountainous tract with a distinct physical individuality of its own, and with a distinct botanical individuality, both in respect of the plants that are present and those that are rare or absent, the details of which I have endeavoured here to record as faithfully as I could. So many people have botanised at one time or another at the Lakes, that I doubt not this record will fall into the hands of many who will be able materially to modify it and add to it, and I shall be glad to receive any notes on the further range of species, with a view of using them in a new edition. J. G BAKER: KEW HERBARIUM, Feb. 1885. INTRODUCTORY EXPLANATIONS, ORDERS. Ranunculacez, Berberacee, Nymphezeacez, Papaveracee, Fumariacez, . Cruciferz, Resedacee, Cistacez, Violacee,f” Droseracee, . Polygalacee, . Caryophyllacez, Linacee, Malvacee, Tiliacez, Hypericacee, Aceracee, Geraniacee, Balsaminacez, Oxalidacez, Celastracez, . Rhamnacee, . Leguminiferze, Rosacee, Onagracee, Haloragiacee, Lythraceze, Cucurbitacez, PAGE 15 23 GON WEIN TS: ORDERS. Portulaceze, Scleranthacez, Grossulariacez, Crassulacez, . Saxifragaceze, Araliacez, Cornacez, Umbelliferz, . Loranthacee, . Caprifoliaceze, Rubiacez, Valerianacez, Dipsaceze, Composite, Campanulacez, Ericaces, Ilicaceze, Jasminacee, . Apocynacee, . Gentianacee, . Polemoniacez, Convolvulacez, Solanacez, Scrophulariacez, Orobanchacee, Verbenacee, . Labiatz, Boraginacez, Page 1 PAGE 96 97 97 99 101 104. 105 105 113 r13 115 118 119 120 IAI 143 146 147 147 147 149 149 150 151 157 158 158 166 Vili ORDERS. Pinguiculacez, Primulacez, Plumbaginacez, Plantaginaceze, Chenopodiaceze, Polygonacez, Thymelacez, Asaracee, Empetracez, Euphorbiacez, Urticacee, Amentifere, Coniferze, Orchidacez, Iridacez, Amaryllidacez, POSTSCRIPT, CONTENTS. PAGE | 170 I7I 174 175 176 178 182 183 183 184 185 186 192 193 199 199 INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES, INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES, ORDERS. Liliaceze, Dioscoreacez, Melanthiacez, Hydrocharidacee, . Alismacez, Potamacez, Lemnacee, Aracez, Typhacez, Juncacez, Cyperacez, Graminee, Filices, Lycopodiacez, Marsileacee, Equisetacee, ma FLORA OF THE ENGLISH PAKE DISTRICIRE —— INTRODUCTORY EXPLANATIONS. Lames and Species-limits—There are at the English Lakes just 50 ferns and nearly 850 flowering plants that are thoroughly wild, and we may count too more if recent introductions be included in the estimate. In the sequence, nomenclature, and limitation of species, I have followed Watson, so that in these points the present work is uniform with ‘Cybele Britannica,’ ‘Topographical Botany,’ and the earlier editions of the London Catalogue, and also with my own former books on the botany of the north of England, ‘North Yorkshire,’ and the ‘ New Flora of Northumberland and Durham.’ The numbers have been widely used in the distributions of the London Botanical Society and the Botanical Exchange Club, but they are changed in the last edition of the London Catalogue. In this work I have only numbered the species that have a reasonable claim to be regarded as wild plants of the Lake district. A break in the regular sequence of the figures consequently indicates that plants that grow wild somewhere else in Britain are not found at the Lakes. Classes of Citizenship.—These are to be understood as used in the same sense as in Watson’s ‘Cybele Britannica,’ where they are fully defined and explained. By a ‘ Native’ is meant a plant which, so far as present appearances show, has established itself quite independently of man’s interven- ; A 2 FLORA OF THE LAKE DISTRICT. tion. By a ‘ Colonist’ is meant a well-established weed of corn-fields and arable land; by a ‘ Denzzen,’ a plant that now looks quite wild, but may perhaps have been originally intro- duced by human agency ; and by an ‘ A/ien,’ a species estab- lished less thoroughly, which, without doubt, has strayed from cultivation. The fault of botanists of small experience, or sometimes of small conscientiousness, is, that in making local catalogues they swell their lists by mixing up these Adzens, which are often extremely fugitive in their stations, and placing them on a level with the really wild plants. As all readers of Winch and Watson and the old series of the ‘Phytologist’ are well aware, in the Lake district perhaps more than anywhere else in the country, confusion has been made in this way. Maritime and Xerophilous Plants.—A considerable number of plants grow only on the seashore. ‘These I have indicated by inserting the word ‘ Maritime’ after the class of citizenship. A certain number of others are almost restricted to the lower limestone hills which surround on all sides the central slate mountains of the Lake district. These latter are catalogued as ‘ Xerophilous.’ Types of Distribution.—The types of distribution, as worked out by Watson, furnish a ready means of indicating the dis- tribution of species through Britain as a whole. The types are as follows, viz. :— 1. British Type.—Species which are spread at shore-level through the length and breadth of the island. 2. English Type-—Species which have their headquarters in the south of England, and become rare and run out in the north of England or south of Scotland. 3. Germanic Type-—Species that have their headquarters in the east of England, and become rare or run out altogether in the western counties. 4. Atlantic Tyfe-—Species that have their headquarters in Wales and the west of England, and run out eastward. INTRODUCTORY EXPLANATIONS. 3 5. Scottish Type.—Species that have their headquarters in Scotland, and run out in the north of England. 6. Highland Type.—Species that have their headquarters in the Scotch Highlands, and grow southward only amongst the high mountains of the north of England and Wales. 7. Intermediate Type.—Species that have their headquarters in the north of England. 8. Local Type.—Species too local to be classed under any of the preceding types. | The following Table therefore will show at a glance how the plants of the Lakes are spread through the rest of Britain, and how the Lake flora stands in comparison with that of the north-eastern counties :— | Britain. | Lakes vue s pepe | | Durham. British, : 5 | C2 So 526 532 English, . ; : 409 | 208 301 251 Germanic, 5 : 127s | II 38 26 Highland, : : 12000 50 32 36 Scottish, . d : 81 | 54 44 57 Atlantic, . : é 70 PE 12 7 5 Intermediate, . : 27 | 21 22 21 Iborerll, ~ 4 : : 49 | 5 II 7 | Total, ‘ a 1425 | 893 992 935 Broadly speaking, leaving out the local species, we may reduce the other types to three, viz. (1.) General (British) ; (2.) Austral (English + Germanic + Atlantic) ; and (3.) Boreal (Scottish + Highland + Intermediate) ; and say for Britain as a whole, 532 species are general in their distribution, 606 southern, and 238 northern, and that out of the southern species 231, and out of the northern species 125, grow in the Lake district. Zones of Temperature and Altitude.—By ‘range’ is meant 4 FLORA OF THE LAKE DISTRICT. range in altitude above sea-level, and by the figures 1, 2, 3, 4 the zones of altitude in which the plant grows in the Lake district. For tracing out the vertical range of species, Mr. Watson divided the surface of Britain into two ‘ regions,’ and six ‘zones’ of temperature. The two regions he called ‘ Agrarian’ and ‘Arctic.’ The Agrarian includes the whole surface of the island at sea-level, and as far up the hills as arable cultivation is possible. This is up to about 600 yards above sea-level in the north of England, and 400 yards in the Scotch Highlands. All above this belongs to the Arctic region, which is so called because its characteristic plants have their headquarters within the Arctic Circle, or, at any rate, in the north. These two regions he divided each into three zones: Super-agrarian, Mid-agrarian, and Infer-agrarian ; Super-arctic, Mid-arctic, and Infer-arctic. Of these six zones the coldest and the warmest, the Super-arctic and the Infer- agrarian, are not represented in the Lake district, but we have all the other four. I begin to count from below, and my zone 1 corresponds to Watson’s Mid-agrarian zone; my zone 2 to his Super-agrarian ; my zone 3 to his Infer-arctic ; and my zone 4 to his Mid-arctic. I give a few notes on the local characteristics of these four zones. Zone 1—Mid-agrarian zone of Watson—extends at the Lakes from coast-level to a height of goo feet upon the hills. The average annual temperature may be estimated at from 45° to 48° Fahr. Its upper limit is marked botanically by the cessa- tion of U/ex and fruticose Rudz in the open spaces, of Pyrus Malus and Viburnum Opulus in the woods, and of Alnus glutinosa and Salix fragilis following up the streams. All the larger lakes, Windermere, Derwentwater, Ullswater, Bassen- thwaite, Crummock, Wastwater, and Haweswater, are low down in this zone, and are more or less surrounded and overtopped by thick woods, sometimes planted, but often of native growth. Zone 2—Super-agrarian zone of Watson—includes that portion of the hill-country which lies at an elevation of INTRODUCTORY EXPLANATIONS. 5 between goo and 1800 feet. ‘The average annual temperature may be estimated at 42° to 45. Its upper limit is marked botanically by the cessation of Pterts, Digitalis, Erica, Parnassia, and Pinguicula. Above it there are no trees, either wild or planted, except a few isolated rowans and junipers on the high crags. A great many of the mountain tarns fall within the boundaries of this zone. At the Lakes there is scarcely any arable cultivation above the Mid-agrarian zone, and there are very few houses at a higher level. The notion that the little inn at the top of Kirkstone Pass, which is the highest regularly inhabited house in the Lake district, is also the highest inhabited house in the whole of England, is a local myth which is destitute of true foundation. It stands at a little under 1500 feet above sea-level, and there are many scattered farm-houses on the Pennine chain in Yorkshire, Durham, and Northumberland at from 1800 to 2000 feet. In Allendale there is a village of considerable size called Coal Clough, which stands at from 1650 to 1700 feet in eleva- tion. One of the principal characteristics of the Lake district, from our present point of view, is that here, broadly speaking, cultivation does not reach up to the top of the Super-agrarian, but only to the top of the Mid-agrarian zone, and that consequently at the Lakes the highest localities of a crowd of plants that follow in the footsteps of man are a whole zone, or half a zone, below their proper climatic limits, and the Super-agrarian flora at the Lakes is materially smaller than in the eastern counties. Zone 3—Watson’s Infer-arctic zone—includes a mountain belt between 1800 and 2700 feet in altitude, with an average temperature of 39° to 42°. Only the two highest tarns, Red Tarn on Helvellyn, and Sprinkling Tarn on the north of Scawfell, fall distinctly within the bounds of this zone. The rest is bare hill and slate crag, where the Alpine plants, such as Oxyria reniformts, Silene acaulis, Sedum Rhodiola, Saxtfraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga nivalis, Cerastium alpinum, Hieracitum 6 FLORA OF THE LAKE DISTRICT. alpinum and chrysanthum, and Thalictrum alpinum, have their headquarters, and the highest springs of the main peaks, bordered with Montia, Chrysosplenium, and Stellaria uliginosa, and beds of such mosses as Hypnum commutatum, Bartramta fontana, and Bryum pseudo-triquetrum, interspersed with Cochlearia alpina, Epilobium alsintfolium, Saxifraga atzoides, and Sax¢fraga stellarts. Zone 4—Watson’s Mid-arctic zone—includes the hill-tops that reach over 2700 feet, that is to say, the summits of Scawfell Pike, Scawfell, Helvellyn, Skiddaw, Bowfell, Great Gable, Pillar, Fairfield, Blencathra, Grassmoor, and High Street. Here there is nothing but bare rocky hill-top, with a very scanty vegetation of any kind. The only two plants which at the Lakes are characteristic of this zone are Salix herbacea and Carex rigida, which grow on nearly all the hills just mentioned, and are the two most decidedly arctic plants of the Lake flora. A large number of the other boreal species do not ascend into this zone at all, not because they could not bear its climate, but simply because there are amongst the loose piles of heaped stones no fit stations for them to grow in. The Lakes are the only part of England in which this Mid-arctic zone is represented. The following Table shows the statistics of the vegetation of these climatic zones for Britain as a whole, and for the Lake district as compared with the north-eastern counties :— ge ae aes |, rest pmees |e | ee | ae a a a eee \e2 28 | ee | S8 (22138) 2 a a os Britain, : ; ‘ | 1225 1070| 760 | 293 | 244 | IIT | 1425 North Yorkshire. . ‘ - | 948) 413 | 126] ... «+ MOGs Northumberland and Durham, . ; + | 920) 418 | 208 |... | Seee ee Sess | Lake District, ; : ws | 859) gO0 | 525 } 28") aoe | | | ; Ne \ INTRODUCTORY EXPLANATIONS. Vi. Bibliography of Lakeland Lotany.—\1 have given the localities for the rare plants classified under their counties, C. standing for Cumberland, W. for Westmoreland, and L. for Lancashire. As an authority for localities, B. is a contraction of my own name. For critical plants a note of admiration after the name of the collector means that I have seen and compared a specimen from that locality. The following are the principal publications that relate to the botany of the Lake district, arranged in order of date :— 1688. Lawson, Thomas. ‘The foundation of our knowledge of the botany of the Lake district was laid in a list of 150 plants and their localities, which in this year was sent to Ray by Thomas Lawson, of Great Strickland. This was used by Ray in the second edition of his Synopsis in 1696, and was printed in its entirety in Derham’s Life of Ray (in 1718, p. 213), and again in the volume of Ray’s Life and Letters issued by the Ray Society in 1848 (p. 197), with the old names translated into their binomial equivalents by Professor Babington. Lawson was born in 1630, was educated at Cam- bridge, and when of age was ordained minister of the Church of England at Rampside, in Low Furness. In 1652 George Fox visited the district and was kindly received by Lawson, who lent him for a day his church and pulpit. Fox preached in it with such effect that Lawson and many of his congrega- tion became Quakers. He resigned his living and settled as a schoolmaster at Great Strickland, where he was much esteemed by the Lowthers and other neighbouring gentry. He died in 1691, and his grave, with a large tombstone which was erected to his memory by one of his pupils, may still be seen in a small graveyard, without any meeting-house attached to it, at Newbyhead, which belongs to the Friends. A letter which he wrote the year before his death to Dr. Richard Richardson of Bingley, offering to meet him at Settle for a botanical excursion, is printed in the Richardson Correspond- ence. He wrote several books of a controversial and 8 FLORA OF THE LAKE DISTRICT. religious character, and a later list of plants which he found is given in Robinson’s ‘ Natural History of Westmoreland and Cumberland,’ 1709. Linnzus dedicated to his memory the genus ZLawsonia, of which the well-known Oriental Henna is the type; and Villars named after him Hreracium Lawsont. 1695. Gibson’s edition of Camden’s ‘ Britannia’ contains plant-catalogues drawn up by Ray, for Westmoreland at pp. 817 and 846, for Cumberland at p. 846. They are founded mainly on Lawson’s notes. In Gough’s edition, 1789, the Westmoreland catalogue will be found in vol. i. p. 164, and that for Cumberland in vol. il. p. 206. 1744. Wilson, John. ‘A Synopsis of British Plants in Mr. Ray’s Method,’ 8vo, Newcastle-on-Tyne, contains a trust- worthy record of a large number of new localities. Wilson was a man in humble circumstances, a stocking-maker, or, another account says, a shoemaker, at Kendal. He became enthusiastically interested in plants, and educated himself to such purpose that he wrote a capital book. ‘There is a good story about him in Pulteney’s ‘Sketches,’ of how he was once sorely tempted to sell his only cow to buy a copy of Morison’s ‘ Historia Plantarum,’ and how a benevolent lady intervened and made him a present of it. In later life he became a teacher of botany, and removed to Newcastle, where his book was published. ‘To Lawson and Wilson we look as the fathers of Lakeland botany. Robert Brown named in Wilson’s memory the genus W7lsonia in Convolvulacee. 1762. Hudson, William, born at Kendal 1730, died in London 1793, was the author of the first original Flora of England in which the binomial nomenclature as invented by Linnzus was applied, and consequently he was the first to give to a great many English plants the scientific names by which they are now known. ‘The first edition of his ‘ Flora Anglica’ was published in 1762, the second in 1778. He practised for many years as an apothecary in London in Panton Street. In the winter of 1783 his house and all his collections and INTRODUCTORY EXPLANATIONS. 9 library were destroyed by fire, which was believed to have been caused designedly by a servant to conceal a robbery. After this he gave up his practice and removed to Jermyn Street, where he died in 1793. His records of localities for the Lake district are mostly expressed in general terms. Linnzeus named in his memory the genus /udsonia in ’ Cistacee. 1763. Martyn’s ‘Plante Cantabrigenses’ contains in the appendix, pp. 102-105, a list of the plants of Westmoreland, arranged under their localities. It is entirely compiled from Lawson and Wilson. 1777. Nicholson and Burns’ ‘History and Antiquities of the Counties of Westmoreland and Cumberland’ contains a catalogue of plants for each county. 1782. In this year William Curtis, the originator of the ‘ Botanical Magazine’ and author of ‘Flora Londinensis,’ made a botanical excursion through the northern counties, an account of which will be found reprinted in the new series of the ‘ Phytologist,’ vol. 1. pp. 36, 84, and 108. 1787-1793. Withering’s ‘ Botanical Arrangement,’ second edition, 3 vols., contains a number of stations in the Lake district, contributed by Mr. T. J. Woodward of Bungay, who visited the Lakes in company with Mr. Crowe of Norwich in 1781, and a few more were inserted in this and later editions from Mr. Hall, Mr. Atkinson, and the Rev. Mr. Jackson. Woodward was one of the most eminent English botanists of the Smithian era, and after him the fern-genus Woodwardia was named. His contemporary, Goodenough, the mono- grapher of the English Carzces, was for a few years at the end of his life Bishop of Carlisle. His extensive herbarium, which was presented to Kew about 1880 by the corporation of Carlisle, did not, however, contain any Lake plants specially localised. 1794. Hutchinson’s ‘ History of the County of Cumberland and some Places adjacent,’ 2 vols., Carlisle, republished in 10 FLORA OF THE LAKE DISTRICT. 1805, contains a list of plants drawn up by the Rev. W. Richardson of Dacre. He seems to have derived a good deal of his information from a Keswick guide of the name of Hutton. Neither Richardson nor Hutton had the knowledge needful for the task they undertook, and this list, although perhaps it may give a useful hint sometimes to a resident explorer, is so inaccurate and untrustworthy that I have scarcely ever cited it. 1805. Dawson Turner and Dillwyn. ‘The Botanist’s Guide through England and Wales’ contains a long catalogue of both flowering plants and cryptogamia for both counties, —for Cumberland at p. 143, and for Westmoreland at p. 638. The principal contributors of new localities are Turner himself, the Rev. John Dodd of Wigton, the Rev. W. Wood of Whitehaven, the Rev. J. Harriman of Eglestone, and Messrs. Jos. Woods of London and T. Gough of Kendal. 1818. Otley, Jonathan. In this year was published the first edition of Otley’s well-known guide-book, which contains the first good map of the Lake hills, and on which the later guide-books are all more or less founded. Otley worked out a few fresh plant stations, and though, like Wilson, a self- taught man in humble circumstances, he did a great deal for the investigation of the geology and physical geography of the district. 1824. Winch, N. J., contributed to the ‘Newcastle Maga- zine’ in 1824 (vol. ili. pp. 494, 530, and 575) a list of the plants of Cumberland and their localities, which was reprinted as a separate work in 4to in 1833. Winch was a capital botanist, and the author of an excellent ‘ Botanist’s Guide through the Counties of Northumberland and Durham,’ pub- lished at Newcastle, in two volumes 8vo, in 1805-1807. The younger De Candolle named after him the genus /Vinchia in A pocynacee. 1832. ‘Annals of Kendal, by C. Nicholson, contains, INTRODUCTORY EXPLANATIONS. II pp. 221-225, an excellent list of the plants of the neighbour- hood, drawn up by Mr. T. Gough, which he kindly revised for me a few years ago. 1835. Watson, Hewett Cottrell: ‘New Botanist’s Guide to the Localities of the Rarer Plants of Britain,’ vol. i. England and Wales; vol. ii. Scotland, and Supplement, 1837. This is substantially a new edition, brought up to date, of the ‘Botanist’s Guide’ of Turner and Dillwyn. Mr. Watson, who died in 1881, devoted himself during a long life to the special study of the geography of British plants. His books, of which the principal are ‘Cybele Britannica’ and ‘ Topo- graphical Botany,’ extend over a period of forty years, and in the present work I have followed up his methods and used his zones of altitude and other generalisations. He stayed for some time in the Lake district, in 1833, at Keswick, Kendal, and Shap, and made copious notes on the plants, which are now preserved at Kew along with his herbarium. His observations on the altitudinal range of Lake plants are printed in the ‘Cybele,’ vol. iv. p. 334. 1835. Woods, Joseph, in Hooker’s ‘Companion to the Botanical Magazine,’ vol. i. p. 298, has a long paper called ‘Notes of a Tour in the North of England in 1835,’ which relates chiefly to the Lakes. He had previously visited the: district in 1800, 1808, and 1814. He was the author of the well-known ‘ Tourist’s Flora,’ and was the first to study care- fully our indigenous roses, of which he published a monograph in vol. xii. of the Transactions of the Linnzan Society. Robert Brown named after him the fern-genus Woodsia. 1836-1872. Hindson, Isaac, of Kirkby Lonsdale, during these years worked at the flora of that neighbourhood. His manuscript list of localities is now in my possession. 1842-1854. In the old series of the ‘Phytologist’ will be found papers that relate to Lake botany, as follows :—In volume ii., at p. 316, by J. Sidebotham; at p. 424, by Borrer; at p. 375, by G. S. Gibson; and at pp. 422 and 12 FLORA OF THE LAKE DISTRICT. 1045, by James Backhouse, the monographer of the British flteracia. In volume y., at p. 26, is a paper by Professor J. H. Balfour, and at p. 1 a catalogue of Gosforth plants by Joseph Robson. In the second series there are papers of the plants of Humphry Head by Dr. Windsor, in vol. ii. p- 257, and Mr. C. J. Ashfield, in vol. v. p. 257. 1843. Jopling’s ‘Sketch of Furness and Cartmel’ contains a list of the plants of the district, drawn up by Messrs. Aiton and Wilson. 1855. Harriet Martineau’s ‘Guide to the Lakes’ contains two lists of plants, one for Windermere and its neighbourhood, drawn up by Mr. F. Clowes, and one for Cumberland, drawn up by Mr. W. Dickinson. Mr. Clowes, who has long been in practice as a surgeon at Bowness, knows the Windermere district most thoroughly, and has kindly annotated my note- book. Mr. W. Dickinson was a land-surveyor, who had lived in the west of Cumberland all his life, and knew every part of it most thoroughly. He was a man, Mr. Hodgson tells me, of robust constitution, striking appearance, and a first-class pedestrian, ardently fond of natural history in every depart- ment, especially botany and ornithology. He made a large number of careful drawings of Lake plants. Besides this list he also published a Cumberland glossary, and a book called ‘Cumbriana,’ a collection of humorous anecdotes of the yeomen and labourers of the county. He died in 1882 at his home at Thorncroft, near Workington, at the age of eighty-three. The beautifully illustrated work on ‘The Lake Country,’ by Mrs. E. Lynn Linton, and Black’s Guide, also make mention of a few additional localities. 1865. Linton, W. J. ‘Ferns of the English Lake Country,’ with numerous original woodcuts, contains in a cheap, handy form a description of all the Lake ferns, and a list, drawn up by Mr. Clowes, of the numerous varieties named by Moore, Lowe, and others, which have been found in the district. A new edition, edited by Mr. J. M. Barnes, has since been INTRODUCTORY EXPLANATIONS. 13 published. Aspland’s ‘Guide to Grange’ contains a list of the ferns and rare plants of that neighbourhood, drawn up by Mr. A. Mason. 1874. Hodgson, Miss Elizabeth, of Ulverstone, wrote an excellent paper, called ‘ North or Lake Lancashire, a Sketch of its Botany, Geology, and Physical Geography.’ It appeared first in Trimen’s ‘ Journal of Botany,’ vol. ili. pp. 268 and 296, and afterwards separate copies were issued. During many years Miss Hodgson was my principal botanical correspondent resident in the district. She died at a comparatively early age, and the preparation of this paper was her recreation during a tedious illness. Before publishing it she sent up her herbarium to me to have the names of the plants verified, and afterwards presented her collection to the British Museum. 1880-1883. The botanical papers which have appeared in the ‘Transactions of the Cumberland Association for the Ad- vancement of Literature and Science’ are as follows, viz.: In vol. v.—on the ‘Grasses of Mid-Cumberland,’ by W. Hodg- son; ‘ Observations on the Flowering Plants of West Cum- berland,’ by J. Adair; ‘On the Lichens of Cumberland,’ by Rev. W. Johnson ; and ‘Contributions towards a List of West Cumberland Flowering Plants and Ferns,’ by the members of the Botanical Society of Whitehaven, edited by Mr. Adair. In volume vii.—‘ Contributions towards a List of the Fungi growing round Carlisle,’ by Dr. Carlyle; ‘Notes of the Flora of Ullswater District,’ by W. Hodgson ; and ‘ Additions to the List of Flowering Plants of West Cumberland,’ by J. Glaister and Dr. Leitch of Silloth. To the separate copies of his paper on the Ullswater flora, Mr. Hodgson, who I am glad to see has just been elected an Associate of the Linnean Society, has added a full catalogue of the species found in the district that drains into the lake, and I am further indebted to him for looking through my notes before publication, and making material additions to the list of localities and local names. 14 FLORA OF THE LAKE DISTRICT. Rooke Collection of Botanical Drawings. Mr. Rooke was an artist who lived at Whitehaven. He was fond of pedes- trian rambles, and made sketches of every object that fell in his way. His series of drawings of Lake plants, which were executed with great fidelity, and are bound up in five or six volumes, after his death were purchased by J. C. Brown, Esq. of Hazel Holme, Whitehaven, in whose possession they still remain. Miss Wilson’s Collection of Botanical Drawings. Miss Harriet Wilson has also made a large collection of water- colour drawings of Lakeland plants, and kept careful note of their stations. She kindly lent me her collection, and I have often cited her localities for rarities. [eee OV inn GE ie NS; Crass I. DICOTYLEDONS or EXOGENS. Division I. THALAMIFLOR-. ORDER RANUNCULA CEA. Clematis Vitalba, L. (Traveller’s Joy). Alien. Hedges and thickets ; an occasional straggler from cultivation. C. Hedge near Ravenglass.—(Whitehaven Cat.) L. High Stott park, on the west side of Windermere.—( Miss Hodgson.) On the limestone rocks near the top of Yewbarrow, over Grange, and hedges in Carter Lane, between Grange and Kents Bank.—(W. Foggitt, F. Clowes, B.) 2. Thalictrum alpinum, L. (Alpine Meadow-Rue). Native. Highland type. Range 2-4. Damp places; not uncommon on the higher mountains (2000 feet). C. Scawfell Pikes, overlapping Salix herbacea, Sprinkling Tarn, Styhead Tarn, and Great End.—(Watson, J. Robson.) Summit of Blacksail Pass.—(W. Foggitt.) Hanging Knott, at about 2000 feet, with Juncus triglumis.—(D. Oliver.) W. Helvellyn, on the Striding-edge Rocks, at 850-900 yards, and St. Sunday’s Crag.—(Woods, W. Foggitt, B.) 3. Thalictrum minus, L. (Lesser Meadow-Rue). Native. Scottish type. Range 1-2. Var. maritimum. On the coast sandhills. C. Eskmeals, near Ravenglass.—(J. Robson.) 16 FLORA OF THE LAKE DISTRICT. W. Near Arnside Tower.—(Hindson.) L. Plentiful on Walney Island; first recorded by J. Law- son in 1688. Biggar Bank, Walney west shore.—(Miss Hodgson. ) ss Var. montanum. On cliffs of limestone and slate. C. Black rocks of Great End (600 yards), and ravine of the Wastwater Screes.—(Wood, Watson, Oliver.) Honister Crag. —(D. Oliver.) Piers Ghyll, Scawfell—(Rev. A. Ley.) W. Cliffs and débris of Scout Scar, Kendal, and in the limestone crevices of Whitbarrow and Huttonroof.—(Gough, W. Foggitt, Watson, B.) Harrison Stickle, Great Langdale. —(Rev. A. Ley.) Rocks above Mardale.—(Watson.) High Street, above Blea Water.—(Rev. A. Ley.) 3*. Thalictrum flexuosum, Bernh. TZ: majus, Smith, non Jacq. (Common Meadow-Rue). Native. Intermediate type. Range 1. Frequent in damp places about the great lakes. C. Shores of Derwentwater, at Lodore, etc.—(Watson, B.) North shore of Ullswater, from Glenridding down to Pooley Bridge ; first recorded by E. Robson. Side woods and shore of Ennerdale Lake.—(W. Dickenson, Rev. F. Addison.) A single root at Isell.—(Rev. J. Dodd.) Vale of St. John, at Wanthwaite Bridge (Kochiz, Bab. !)—(W. Hodgson.) Borrow- dale.—(Rev. William Hind.) W. In Patterdale, below Brothers Water, and along the south shore of Ullswater, especially at Sandwyke and How- town.—(D. Oliver, W. Hodgson, B.) Brathay (Xochzz, Bab. !). Banks of Haweswater Beck, at Rossgill—(B.) Drawn from Skelwith in Miss Wilson’s collection. Windermere shore, near Ferry Inn.—(W. Foggitt, B.) L. Shore of Coniston Lake at Waterhead, and elsewhere. —(Miss Beever, Rev. F. Addison, B.) Foot of Windermere. —(Miss M. A. Ashburner.) By the Leven, at Low-wood Bridge.—(Miss Hodgson.) By the old well at Cartmel.— (T. Lawson.) I cannot distinguish between Z. fexuosum and ORDER RANUNCULACEA. W7, Kochit. See Babington in Annals of Natural History, series 2, vol. xi. p. 265. 4. Thalictrum flavum, L. Native. English type. Range 1. Watery places. Rare. C. By the Greta, in Howrayfield, near Keswick.—(L.) By the Maryport and Carlisle Railway, to the west of Dalston Station.—(W. Hodgson.) W. Not uncommon on the shores of Windermere. (Clowes. A misprint for Z! majus.) Near Arnside, in low marshy ground below Middlebarrow Wood.—(D. Oliver!, J. C. Mel- vill, C. Bailey, B.) 6. Anemone nemorosa, L. (Wood Anemone). Native. British type. Range 1-3. Common in woods and upon the moun- tains, ascending to 2200-2300 feet on Grisedale Pike (Watson) ; to 850 yards on Helvellyn, and to the limestone pavement of Huttonroof Crags and Farleton Knot (B.). Adonis autumnalis, 1. (Corn-Adonis, or Pheasant’s Eye). Alien. C. Grows as a weed in several cottage gardens at Aspatria, where it has probably been cultivated at some period or other. (W. Hodgson.) 11. Ranunculus aguatilis, L. (Water Crow-Foot). Native. British type. Range 1. Ponds and ditches ; frequent in the low country, ascending to 300 yards.—(Watson. ) C. The highest station in which I have seen it is in Hawes- water Beck at Rossgill. Of the sub-species, fe/tatus, floribundus, heterophyllus, trichophyllus, and Droueti all occur. 11*. Ranunculus confusus, Godr. Native. British type. Range I. L. In Windermere, near the Ferry, and in other places.— (Hiern. !) 18 FLORA OF THE LAKE DISTRICT. 11*. Ranunculus circinatus, Sibth. Native? English type. Range 1. Given in Black’s Guide asa plant of Ullswater. Confirmation required. 11*. Ranunculus fluitans, Lam. Native. English type. Range 1. C. Given in Black’s Guide as a plant of Derwentwater. Confirmation wanted. In the bed of the Eamont, a little below Pooley Bridge; also in the bed of the Eden at Lazonby.—(W. Hodgson.) W. In the Eden at Appleby; a characteristic drawing in Miss Wilson’s collection. 12. Ranunculus Lenormandi, ¥. Schultz. Native. English type. Range 1-2. Not infrequent in bogs, ascending to 400 yards. C. Dent Hill and other places in the Whitehaven district.— (Rev. F. Addison !, Whitehaven Cat.) Vale of Lorton, at the foot of Whinlatter.—(B.) In Borrowdale, near Seathwaite.— (W. Foggitt.) Keswick.—(Watson, Rev. F. J. A. Hort.) Near the foot of Blake Fell in Lamplugh.—(W. Hodgson.) W. Great Langdale.—(Hiern.!) Shap.—(Watson.) Swin- dale.—(B.) L. Coniston near the head of the Lake, and in other places. —(Backhouse, Miss Beever.) Drawn ‘from Lake Bank, Coniston, in Miss Wilson’s collection. lumpton peat- trenches.— (Miss Hodgson.) 13. Ranunculus hederaceus, L. (Ivy Crow-Foot). Native. British type. Range 1-2. Frequent in the same sort of places as the last, ascending from the shore at Walney Island (C. Bailey) ; to 500 yards (Watson). 14. Ranunculus Ficaria, L. (Lesser Celandine or Pilewort). Native. British type. Range 1. Common in woods and meadows through the lower zone. ORDER RANUNCULACEAE, I9 15. Ranunculus Flammula, L. (Lesser Spearwort). Native. British type. Range 1-3. Common in swampy places and about the lakes and tarns; ascending to 7oo yards on Helvellyn, and to the highest springs of High Street and Coniston Old Man. Dr. Boswell, in the Exchange Club Report for 1880, p. 28, identifies a plant gathered by Mr. Bolton King on the stony shore of Ullswater with the Loch Leven 2, vepfans. Long ago Woodward recorded it from Coniston Water, but specimens gathered there lately by Mr. A. G. More were the var. pseudo-reptans ; and I have also notes of this var. from Rydal Lake (J. C. Melvill), Ennerdale Lake (Whitehaven Cat.), Bassenthwaite Lake from Peelwyke downwards (W. Hodgson), and Urswick Tarn (Miss Hodgson). 16. Ranunculus Lingua, L. (Greater Spearwort). Native. English type. Range 1. Deep ditches and shores of some of the tarns. Rare. C. Naddle Beck, near Keswick.—(M.) In West Cumberland at Cleator (Rev. F. Addison), and Ennerdale, Eskdale, and Wastdale (J. Robson). Ditches in the moss at Newton Regny.—(B.) Ditches near Dubmill, Allonby ; and in Shawk Beck, near Curthwaite——(W. Hodgson.) W. Foulshaw Moss and other places near Kendal.—(Wilson, Gough.) L. Mosses and damp meadows in Furness and Cartmel.— (Aiton.) In the water and ditches of the moss by Hawkshead. —(Lawson.) Esthwaite Water.—(Rev. W. Wood.) Borders of Urswick Tarn, near Ulverstone.—(Miss Hodgson.) 18. Ranunculus auricomus, LL. (Wood Crow-Foot, Goldi- locks). Native. British, Range 1. Woods and hedgebanks, frequent, ascending to 200 yards.—(Watson.) First recorded as a Westmoreland plant by Lawson in his Catalogue of 1688. A stunted variety occurs abundantly on the Cumberland shore of Ullswater, at Oldchurch.—-(W. Hodgson.) 20 FLORA OF THE LAKE DISTRICT. 19. Ranunculus acris, L. (Bitter Buttercup). Native. British type. Range 1-3. Everywhere common in grassy places, ascending to 700 yards on Great Gable (B.); and to goo yards on Helvellyn (Watson). ‘Variat in Westmorlandia caule uni- vel subbi-floro et calyce valde hirsuto.—(Hudson, Fl. Angl. ii. 241.) There is a very dwarf 1-2-flowered form with little-cut leaves on the limestone of Whitbarrow. Dr. Boswell refers a plant gathered near Westward by Rev. R. Wood to var. vulgatus. 20. Ranunculus repens, L. (Creeping Crow-Foot; local name, ‘Meg wi’ many feet’). Native. British type. Range 1-2. Common in ditches and grassy places, ascending to 710 yards.—(Watson.) The highest stations for which I myself have a note are Hayes Water and streams round Low Water, Coniston Old Man. 21. Ranunculus bulbosus, L. (Bulbous Crow-Foot, or Butter- cup). Native. British type. Range 1. Common in meadows in the lower zone. 22. Ranunculus hirsutus, Curt. (Pale Hairy Buttercup). Native. English type. Range 1. Waste ground near the sea. C. Workington Marsh and Drigg near Ravenglass.—(M.) Near the Old Kiln Farm, Allonby, and occasionally along the shore of Solway Firth.—(W. Hodgson.) L. Abundant at Barrow-in-Furness.—(W. Foggitt.) Island of Walney, on the west side of Biggar Bank.—(Miss Hodgson.) Ina lane near the Ferry on Walney Island and in a grassy marsh a little to the south of it.—(Dr. F. A. Lees.) Meadows and wet places near the Duddon.—(Aiton.) 23. Ranunculus sceleratus, L. (Celery-leaved Crow-Foot). Native. British type. Range 1. Ditches and ponds. Rare. _ C. Allonby and Seascale.—(Whitehaven Cat.) Working- ORDER RANUNCULACE/E, 21 ton.—(D. Oliver.) Holme Dub, near Mealrigg, and about Dubmill, sparingly—(W. Hodgson.) W. Formerly abundant on Brigstear Moss, near Kendal.— (Gough.) Pools along the shore between Arnside and Miln- thorpe.—(B.) Marsh below Middlebarrow Wood, Arnside.— (B.) L. Bogs and damp places in Furness and Cartmel.— (Aiton.) Edge of a pit at Flookborough.—(C. Bailey.) Peat ditches, Ulverstone Moss.—(Miss Hodgson.) Saltmarsh west of Humphrey Head.—(B.) 25. Ranunculus arvensis, L. (Corn Crow-Foot). Colonist. English type. Range 1. Cultivated fields and gardens. Rare. 26. Caltha palustris, 1. (Marsh Marigold). Native. British type. Range 1-3. Common about the lakes and tarns. The highest place in which I have seen it is at the Red Tarn, 800 yards. Mr. Watson notes it at goo yards. ‘The form of the plant in upland places is var. mznor. 27. Trollius europaeus, L. (Globe-Flower). Native. Scottish type. Range 1. Frequent about the large lakes ; Derwent- water, Borrowdale, Watendlath Valley, Ullswater, Windermere, the Brathay Valley, Rydal Falls and Coniston Water. Ascends to 300 yards.—(Watson. ) C. Rare in the Whitehaven district. Meadows by the Mite at Ravenglass.—(J. Robson.) Aspatria Muill.—(Rev. J. Dodd.) Yeathouse, Eskatt, and Rowrah.—(Whitehaven Cat.) Newton Regny Moss near Penrith.—(B.) W. Banks of the Mint near Kendal.—(Gough.) Mardale, Rossgill, and Crosby Ravensworth.—(Watson. ) L. Roadside near Dale Park in Furness Fells.— (Atkinson. ) Buckbarrow and Gateside, Cartmel.—(Aiton.) Colton Beck Wood, Furness Fells, and Seathwaite Tarn Beck at Newfield. —(Miss Hodgson.) 22 FLORA OF. THE LAKE DISTRICT. 29. Helleborus viridis, L. (Green Hellebore). Native. Xero- philous. English type. Range 1. Woods and hedgerows ; probably truly wild on the limestone only. C. Threepland Ghyll.—(Rev. J. Dodd.) Duddon Woods and Plumbland near Workington.—(Tweddle.) W. About Clathrop Hall.—(E. Robson.) Two places near the terminus of the Windermere Railway.—(F. Clowes.) Wood near Arnside Knot. —(D. Oliver.) Pastures and hedges near Arnside Tower.—(Ashfield.) In a lane at Arnside, apparently in the very locality mentioned by Gerarde two hundred years ago.—(C. Bailey.) In Westmoreland it is called ‘ Felon Grass.’—See Wilson, Syn. p. 130. L. Slack Woods, Grange.—(Miss A. Butler.) Helleborus fetidus, 1. (Stinking Hellebore). Alien. W. Near the road between Bowness and Kendal.—(F. Clowes.) 31. Aguilegia vulgaris, L. (Common Columbine). Native. Xerophilous. English type. Range 1-2. Woods and fields. Frequent in the central Lake country. Often truly wild, but sometimes only a stray from cultivation. C. Islands and shores of Derwentwater, and in the Borrow- dale meadows as far up as Rosthwaite. —(Winch, W. Foggitt, C. Bailey, B.) Cumberland shore of Ullswater, half a mile above Gowbarrow Hall, and near the mouth of Airey Beck.— (Balfour, W. Hodgson.) Dowthwaite, on rocks in a ravine above 1500 feet.—(W. Hodgson.) Bassenthwaite Lake.— (M.) Head of Wastwater.—(Winch, Miss Beever.) Woods at Gosforth.—(J. Robson.) Yoltenfews and shores of Crum- mock Lake.—(Whitehaven Cat.!) Side of the Lorton road, two miles out of Cockermouth.—(B.) Fine in fissures of rock, 1500 feet above the Vale of St. John.—(J. Backhouse.) W. Near the Ferry, and many other places on the shores of Windermere.—(M., B.) Huttonroof.—(Hindson.) Brigstear ORDER BERBERACE/é. 23 and other places on the limestone near Kendal.—(Hudson, Gough.) Middlebarrow Wood, and other places about Arn- side.—(J. C. Melvill, B.) Western slope of Loughrigg above Scroggs.—(W. H. Hills.) L. Coniston, near the lake, and in Ghylls; not plentiful.— (Miss Beever.) Dalton-in-Furness, Rowdsey Wood, and Plumpton rocks, Ulverstone shore.—(Miss Hodgson.) Hudson mistakes the wild lake plant for A. alpina.—sSee Sir J. E. Smith, Eng. Bot. t. 29. Delphinium Ajacts, Reich. Alien. C. A weed in a corn-field at Dean, 1874.—(W. B. Waterfall.) Aconitum Napellus, .. (Monk’s Hood). Alien. Found by Mr. R. Lowther, near Hugh’s Crag Bridge. An escape from cultivation.—(W. Hodgson.) 34. Actea spicata, L. (Herb Christopher, or Bane Berries). Native. Intermediate type. Range 1. W. Mountainous pastures above Troutbeck.—(Woodward, in Bot. Guide, ii. 644.) Rocky wood on the limestone (Whitbarrow ?) between Kendal and Arnside Knot.—(Dr. F. A. Lees.) Sandwyke, Ullswater.—(Rev. W. Richardson.) ‘1 have never found this plant at this station.—(W. Hodgson.) ORDER BERBERACE/:. 35. Berberis vulgaris, L. (Barberry). Denizen. English type. Range 1. Woods and hedges. Rare, and perhaps always introduced. C. Hassness Woods, Buttermere, doubtless introduced.— (B.) Irton, Muncaster, and Ravenglass.—(Whitehaven Cat.) Hedgerow near Penruddock, as a substitute for Cvategus Oxyacantha, not truly wild.—(W. Hodgson.) 24 FLORA OF THE LAKE DISTRICT. W. Windermere shore near the Ferry Inn.—(W. Foggitt.) Banks of Rydal Lake.—(Balfour.) Kirkby Lonsdale, not in- frequent, but not truly wild.—(Hindson.) Denny Hill, below Haweswater, and hedges at Hackthorpe and Great Strickland. —(B.) L. Between Penny Bridge and Colton Beck Bridge ; doubt- fully wild.—(Miss Hodgson.) Hedges by the roadside near Storrs Hall.—(B.) Lpimedium alpinum, L. (Barrenwort). Alien. Woods and hedge-banks ; an occasional straggler from cultivation. Re- ported on old authority from Threlkeld, Cockermouth, Bor- rowdale, and Helvellyn. (See Phytologist, vol. ii. p. 3, and Winch, Contrib. p. 8.) C. Wood (Irton?) by the Wastwater stream, half a mile from Santon Bridge, with £vcca vagans.—(Borrer.) W. Under hedges in several places about Fox How and Ambleside, no doubt introduced.—(Sidebotham.) ORDER NYMPHASACEZ:. 36. Nymphaea alba, L. (White Water-Lily). Native. British type. Range 1-2. Plentiful in most of the lakes and tarns. Derwentwater, Windermere, very fine at Grasmere, Coniston Water, Esthwaite Water, Blea Tarn, Urswick Tarn, Brothers- water, Watendlath Upper Tarn, etc. The highest station I have for it is Angle Tarn, Place Fell, 500 yards, where it was noted by Mr. W. Foggitt. Furness, in the tarn near Bigland Hall.—(Aiton.) I was once at Grasmere at the annual ‘Rush-bearing,’ when the whole church was hung round with white lilies from the lake, but they fade very soon. 37. Wuphar lutea, Sm. (Common Yellow Water-Lily). Native. British type. Range 1. Lakes and tarns; not so ORDER PAPAVERACEZ:, 25 common as the white water-lily. Grasmere, hirlmere, Derwentwater, Coniston Water, etc. C. In St. John’s Beck, near Smeathwaite Bridge.—(W. Foggitt.) Loweswater, Mockerkin Tarn, and Braystones Tarn.—(Whitehaven Cat.) Dubmill, near Allonby.—(W. Hodgson.) (Gough. ) L. Ayside Tarn near Cartmel.—(Aiton.) Latterrigg Tarn, Woodland.—(Miss Hodgson.) W. Cunswick Tarn, near Kendal. ORDER PAPAVERACE&. 40. Papaver Argemone, L. (Long Rough-headed Poppy). Colonist. British type. Range 1. Cultivated fields. Rare. C. Middletown, St. Bees.—(Whitehaven Cat.) Ullswater, scarce ; fairly plentiful about Bullgill Railway Station, Mary- port.—(W. Hodgson.) L. Furness shores at Roosebeck.—(Aiton, Miss Hodgson.) 41. Papaver dubium, L. (Scarlet Poppy). Colonist. British type. Range 1. Cultivated fields; seen only on the outskirts of the Lake country. Marked in the Catalogues for White- haven, Kendal, Kirkby Lonsdale, Penrith (where it ascends to 300 yards), Clifton, Clibburn, Arnside, Burton in Lonsdale, and Grange-over-Sands ; not for Keswick, Ambleside, or Shap. Common in West Cumberland about Aspatria and Blenner- hasset.—(W. Hodgson. ) 42. Papaver Rheas, L. (Common Red or Crimson Poppy). Colonist. British type. Range 1. Less common than the last in the Lake country, and not ascending so high. Marked in the lists for Whitehaven, Ullswater, Kirkby Lonsdale, Barrow and Grange-over-Sands ; not for Keswick, Ambleside, or Shap. Mr. Clowes says he never saw it near Windermere. 26 FLORA OF THE LAKE. DISTRICT. Sandy corn-fields towards the Solway. Very rare, and likely to become extinct.—(W. Hodgson.) Papaver somniferum, L. (White or Opium Poppy). Alien. An occasional straggler from gardens. C. Sellafield and St. Bees.—(Whitehaven Cat.) North side of Ullswater, near a _ cottage.—(Balfour.) Extinct, — (W. Hodgson.) L. Rubbish in Carter Lane, between Grange and Kents Bank.—(B.) 44. Meconopsis cambrica, Vig. (Yellow Welsh Poppy). Alien. A frequent straggler from gardens all through the central Lake district, but never seen, so far as I am aware, far away from houses and gardens. Mr. and Mrs. Hills incline to consider it truly wild on the shores of Windermere and Esthwaite Water. First recorded by Hudson. 45. Chelidonium majus, L. (Greater Celandine). Denizen. English type. Range 1. Frequent in hedges and by road- sides near villages and farm-houses. Aspatria, Keswick, Lorton Vale, Shap, Crosby Ravensworth, Colwith, Clawthorp, Townend in the Winster Valley, Bowness, Conishead Priory, Flookborough, Milnthorpe, etc. Ascends to 300 yards. 46. Glaucium luteum, Scop. (Yellow Horned Poppy). Native. Maritime. English type. Range 1. Sands of the seashore. C. Nethertown, St. Bees, Seascale, and Coulderton.— (J. Robson, Rev. F. Addison, W. Hodgson, Whitehaven Cat.) L. On the seashore near Bardsea and Winder Hall.— (Aiton.) Furness shore at Bardsea, and west shore of Walney Island.—(Miss Hodgson.) On the coast at Flookborough.— (Otley.) Shore west of Humphrey Head.—(C. J. Ashfield, B.) Cartmel sands and Roosebeck.—(Woodward.) Walney Island.—(Atkinson. ) ORDER FUMARIACEA, 27 ORDER FUMARIACE:. 48. Corydalis claviculata, DC. (Climbing or White Fumi- tory). Native. British type. Range 1. Woods and heathy places. Frequent. C. Near Wythburn.—(Rev. A. Ley.) On Gowbarrow Fells, near Collier Hag.—(W. Hodgson.) Hallin Fell, Ullswater. —(Rev. J. E. Leefe.) Common in Ennerdale.—(Whitehaven Cat.) Ashness Gill and Barrow Woods, near Keswick.— (Winch, Watson, B.) Near Dalegarth, in Eskdale.—(J. Rob- son.) Llanthwaite Woods, Crummock.—(W. B. Waterfall.) W. Thornthwaite (Haweswater), foot of Long Sleddale, thatched roofs in Kentmere and at the foot of Isan Parle’s Cave.—(Lawson.) Spital Wood and side of a ditch on the east side of Kendal Castle.—(Wilson, Gough.) Place Fell, near the Patterdale slate quarries.—(W. Hodgson.) Little Langdale Tarn and other places round Windermere.—(W. Foggitt, Miss Edmonds.) Easedale.—(Miss Beever.) Nab Scar, Rydal.—(J. C. Melvill.) Helm Crag and Buthar Crags, Grasmere.—(A. W. Bennett.) In the Troutbeck Valley, below the uppermost inn with a verse from Shenstone on the sign.—(B.) Drawn from Fox Ghyll in Miss Wilson’s collection. L. Among stones near the mines and on the fells, Coniston. —(Miss Beever.) Dry stony places on Furness Fells.—(Atkin- son.) Long Scar near Holker Hall.—(Aiton.) Rowdsey Wood and Bankend Wood, near the Duddon.—(Miss Hodgson.) Corydalis lutea, DC. (Yellow Fumitory). Alien. An occa- sional straggler from gardens. C. Roadside, near the Lorton Yew-tree, with AZeconopsis. —(B.) Stock Bridge and Little Mill, Egremont.—(Whitehaven Cat.) Walls about homesteads, Aspatria.—(W. Hodgson.) W. Walls at Eamont Bridge——(B.) 28 FLORA OF THE LAKE DISTRICT. Corydalis solida, DC. (Solid-rooted Fumitory). Alien. An occasional straggler from garden cultivation. C. Vale of Newlands and Vicar’s Island, Derwentwater.— (J. B. Davies, L.) Foot of Wastwater.—(J. Robson.) W. Watsfield, Kendal, near a garden, and Leven’s Park, near Milnthorpe.—(Gough.) L. Ulverstone.—(E. Robson.) 50. Fumaria capreolata, L. (Ramping Fumitory). Colonist. British type. Range 1. Cultivated fields. Much the com- monest species of the genus in the Lake country. It is recorded both by Lawson and Hudson. Ascends to 300 yards over Penrith. Of the sub-species, Borer and confusa are frequent; fallidiflora rare; muralis 1 have not seen in the Lake district. 51. Fumaria officinalis, L.(Common Fumitory). Colonist. British type. Range 1. Cultivated ground ; not seen in the heart of the Lakes, about Keswick, Ambleside, or Coniston, but abundant in places on the outskirts, as at Penrith, Grey- stoke, and Burton in Kendal. Very abundant in light sandy (W. Hodgson.) ground about Aspatria. 52. Fumaria micrantha, Lag. (Small-flowered Fumitory). Colonist. English type. Range 1. Gathered in September 1849 by Rev. F. J. A. Hort near Ambleside and Hawkshead. —(Botanical Gazette, il. 54.) ORDER CRUCIFER. 55. Cakile maritima, Scop. (Purple Sea-Rocket). Native. Maritime. British type. Range 1. Sands of the seashore. Rare. C. Whitehaven, Seascale, Parton, Coulderton Point, St. ORDER CRUCIFER/E, 29 Bees.—(J. Robson, W. Foggitt, Rev. F. Addison.) Also north- wards as far as Silloth.—(W. Hodgson.) L. Walney Island and Roosebeck in Furness. First recorded by Lawson in 1688. Not seen about Flookborough, Grange, or Arnside. 56. Crambe maritima, L. (Sea-Kale). Native. English type. Maritime. Range 1. Sands of the seashore.- Rare. C. Coast between Ravenglass and Bootle-—(Mr. Wood, in Bot. Guide.) Between Maryport and Flimby.—(Harriman.) Now extinct.—(W. Hodgson.) Coulderton Point.—(J. Robson.) L. Roosebeck in Furness.—(Woodward, in Bot. Guide.) West shore of Walney Island at Summerhill, and further south ; collected by the country people, probably for pickling. —(T. Gough, C. Bailey, Miss Hodgson.) Coronopus didyma, Sm. (Lesser Wart-Cress). Alien. C. Waste ground at Whitehaven.—(W. Foggitt.) 58. Coronopus Ruellit, Gaertn. (Common Wart-Cress). Native. English type. Range 1. Waste ground. Very rare. C. Seaton near Workington.—(Mr. Tweddle.) Probably now extinct.—(W. Hodgson.) Edge of highway, Solway shore at Dubmill. Very rare.-—(W. Hodgson.) W. On the waste near Kent Terrace, Kendal.—(T. Gough.) 60. Zhlaspi arvense, L. (Penny Cress). Colonist. British type. Ranger. Cultivated ground. Very rare. C. St. Bees.—(Whitehaven Cat.) 62. Zhlaspi alpestre, \.. (Perfoliate Shepherd’s Purse, or Small Thorow Cress). Native. Highland type. Range 2-3. Rocky places. Rare. C. Believed to have been gathered at a moderate elevation under the steep end of Skiddaw.—(Watson.) 30 FLORA OF THE LAKE DISTRICT. W. Precipices of east face of Helvellyn, just beneath the summit.—(Rev. A. Ley!, 1871 and 1881.) By the road between Kendal and Ambleside.—(M.) With 7Zeesdalza on rocks in Fusedale.—(W. Foggitt.) The Fusedale plant is the var. occitanum. Ray and Hudson record 7: perfoliatum as occurring in most pastures in Westmoreland and Cumberland. In Hudson’s second edition the name is altered to alfestre, which occurs in several stations in the adjacent parts of Northumberland, Durham, and Yorkshire. 63. Capsella Bursa-pastoris, Gaertn. (Common Shepherd’s Purse). Native. British. Range 1-2. Roadsides and waste places. Common; ascending to 350 yards (Watson); to 300 yards at Shap and over Penrith (B.). 65. Zeesdalia nudicaulis, R., Br. (Naked-stalked Teesdalia). Native. British type. Range 1. Rocky and sandy places. Not infrequent. C. Banks and hills round Derwentwater.—(Watson.) Rocks by the roadside at Grange and High Lodore.—(W. Foggitt, J. Britten, R. Holland.) Raven Crag, Thirlmere.—(M.) Vale of St. John.—(Miss Edmonds.) Walls by Thirlmere, extending nearly a mile.—(W. Foggitt.) Thief Gill, Dean, near Cockermouth.—(M.) Mockerkin, and at Bowness in Ennerdale.—(Whitehaven Cat.) Priest Crag and Gowbarrow Fells, in some places very plentiful. Also in Swineside, at the foot of Carrock Fell, and in a lane near Hanging-Shaw Moss. —(W. Hodgson.) W. By Common Holme Bridge, near Clibburn.—(Lawson.) Dry hillsides round Ullswater.—(W. Hodgson.) Hallen Fell, Ullswater.—(Leefe.) Fusedale, Ullswater, abundant.—(W. Foggitt.) Goat Scar, Long Sleddale; Applethwaite, by the road to Ings.—(T. Gough.) Kentmere Scars.—(F. C. Roper.) ORDER CRUCIFERA, 31 Lberis amara, .. (Bitter Candytuft). Alien. An occa- sional straggler from gardens. C. East Mill, Aspatria, a straggler.—(W. Hodgson.) W. Waste near Kent Terrace, Kendal.—(T. Gough.) L. By Jacklands Tarn, Low Furness.—(Miss Hodgson.) Lepidium Draba, L.. (Whitlow Pepperwort). Alien. Casu- ally in waste ground. W. Whitbarrow.—(L.) L. A patch by the Ulverstone road at Newby Bridge, 1853. —(Borrer.) 69. Lepidium Smithit, Hook. (Hairy Pepperwort). Native. British type. Range 1. Roadsides; frequent. Maryport, Keswick, Lodore, Rosthwaite, Clibburn, Grasmere, Winder- mere, Hawkshead, Yewdale, Coniston village, Newby Bridge, Newton, Colton Beck Bridge, Cartmel, etc. 70. Lepidium campestre, 1. (Field Pepperwort). Native. British type. Range 3. Cultivated fields and roadsides. Less frequent than Z. Smzthit. Barrow, Cleator, etc. 72a. Cochlearia officinalis, L. (Common Scurvy-Grass). Native. British type. Range 1-3. The type confined to the coast. C. Rocky shore at St. Bees Head.—(Rev. F. Addison, W. Hodgson.) W. Shore at Arnside.—(C. Bailey.) L. On the shore at Flookborough.—(B.) Var. alpina. Rocks by the river in Lowther Park.—(Rev. A. Ley.) C. Abundant in the sykes of Great Gable over Styhead Pass and down Kirk Fell into Mosedale (500-700 yards).—- (Watson, B.) Scaw Fell.—(J. Robson.) Black Sail Pass.— 32 FLORA OF THE LAKE DISTRICT. (Britten and Holland.) Rosset Ghyll and Piers Ghyll.—(J. C. Melvill.) Ennerdale, from Gillerthwaite upwards to Great Gable.—(W. Hodgson.) On Rydal Fell.—(F. C. Roper.) ‘W. Place Fell, Hallin Fell, and plentiful in the Ullswater streamlets up to Hayes Water and the head of Kirkstone Pass. First recorded by Fardon and Woods, Striding-edge, Glen- ridding, Grisedale Tarn, and other places round Helvellyn, ascending to 700 yards.—(Watson, W. Foggitt, B., W. Hodgson.) Mardale, Rossgill, Swindale, and Long Sleddale. —(Wilson, Watson, etc.) Abundant on the Troutbeck end of High Street.—(J. C. Melvill, B.) L. Mountain above Coniston Lake.—(Woodward.) Sea- thwaite Fells, and carried down thence to the Duddon estu- ary.—(Miss Hodgson.) Ghylls on Dobby Shaw.—(Miss Hodgson.) 72*. Cochlearia danica, L. (Danish Scurvy-Grass). Native. Maritime. British type. Range 1. Waste ground along the coast. C. On the shore between Bootle and Ravenglass.—(Mr. Wood, in Bot. Guide.) Coulderton and Nethertown.—(White- haven Cat.) L. Walney Island. First recorded by Lawson in 1688. Summerhill Bank, Walney Island.—(Miss Hodgson.) Barrow, in the excavations for the new docks, 1867.—(C. Bailey.) Humphrey Head.—(Dr. Windsor.) The inland _ stations which are recorded for this in the Botanist’s Guide and elsewhere belong to C. alpina. 72. Cochlearia anglica, L. (English Scurvy-Grass). Native. Maritime. British type. Range 1. Like the last, confined to the seashore. C. On the coast near Whitehaven.—(W. Foggitt.) St. Bees Head.—(J. Robson.) Workington shore.—(W. Dickinson.) L. Walney Island.—(C. Bailey.) Tidal banks, Low ORDER CRUCIFERA. 33 Meathop.—(C. Bailey.) Near Flookborough and Conishead Priory.—(Aiton.) (What I saw there was C. officinalis.) Grange-over-Sands.—(W. Matthews.) Armoracia rusticana, Baumg. (Horse-Radish). Alien. An occasional straggler from cultivation. W. Ambleside, and waste ground near Ferry Inn, Winder- mere.—(W. Foggitt.) Lake Head, Windermere, 1882.—(B.) L. Grange-over-Sands.—(B.) 74. Subularia aquatica, L.. (Awlwort). Native. Highland type. Range 1-3. Lakes and tarns. Rare. C. Ennerdale Lake.—(J. Robson.) Floutern Tarn, between Loweswater and Ennerdale, 1250 feet.—(D. Oliver!) Borrow- dale and Derwentwater.—(Rev. Wm. Hind.) Bowscale Tarn. —(Rev. R. Wood.) W. Red Tarn, Helvellyn (800 yards).—(G. C. Druce.) 77. Draba incana, 1. (Twisted-podded Whitlow Grass). Native. Xerophilous. Highlandtype. Ranger. Limestone cliffs. Very rare in the Lake district, but several stations known in the east of Westmoreland and Cumberland and the adjacent parts of Yorkshire. C. Wastdale.—(J. Robson.) (Needs confirmation, as it is a limestone species.) Figured in Rooke’s Flora, marked ‘Seascale, May 1871.’—(W. Hodgson.) W. Force Beck Fall near Shap (300 yards).—(Watson !) Draba muralis, VL. (Speedwell-leaved Whitlow Grass). Mentioned by Hudson as a Westmoreland plant, but I know of no station within the limits of the county, though there are several in the adjacent parts of Yorkshire. 79. Draba verna, 1.. (Common Whitlow Grass). Native. British type. Range 1. Frequent on walls and roofs in the lower zone. C 34 FLORA OF THE LAKE DISTRICT. Var. dvachycarpa. On wall-tops in High Furness, and from the shore to the top of Birkrigg near Ulverstone.—(Miss Hodgson !) Camelina sativa, Crantz (Common Gold of Pleasure). Alien. An occasional weed of cultivated ground. C. Workington Mill field—(Mr. Tweddle.) Thackthwaite, near a stream flowing into Dacre Beck, at the east end of Ullswater, 1878.—(W. Hodgson.) A garden weed at Ghyll- bank College, Whitehaven.—(W. Hodgson.) Koniga maritima, R., Br. (Sweet Alyssum). Alien. An occasional straggler from garden cultivation. L. Grange-over-Sands.—(Hindson.) 84. Cardamine amara, 1. (Bitter Ladies’ Smock, or Large- flowered Bitter-Cress). Native. British type. Range 1. Stream-sides and damp places. C. Bearpot and Moorside Woods near Lamplugh.—(Mr. Tweddle, W. Hodgson.) Powbeck and banks of the Ehen and its tributaries. —(Whitehaven Cat.) Fitz near Aspatria.— (Rev. J. Dodd.) Shore of Derwentwater near Lodore.— (Watson.) Moist woods round Ullswater and in Ennerdale. —(W. Hodgson.) W. Beck Mills near Kendal.—(T. Gough.) Windermere and Grasmere, rare.—(F. Clowes.) Ambleside, in plenty.— (C. Bailey.) Drawn from Fox Ghyll in Miss Wilson’s col- lection. L. Leven banks, Newby Bridge.—(W. Foggitt.) | Once found at Coniston.—(Miss Beever.) Bogs in Furness and Cartmell.—(Aiton.) Brook near Falls farm, north-west of Ulverstone.—(Miss Hodgson. ) 85. Cardamine pratensts, L. (Meadow Ladies’ Smock, or Cuckoo Flower ; local name, ‘ May Flower’). Native. British ORDER CRUCIFER, 35 type. Range 1-3. Common in damp grassy places, ascend- ing to Red Tarn and the high springs of Helvellyn, goo yards, and Coniston Old Man.—(B.) lore pleno recorded by Lawson, from Little Strickland pasture; and found also by Mr. Hodgson at Aspatria. 86. Cardamine hirsuta, L. (Hairy Ladies’ Smock, or Bitter- Cress). Native. British type. Range 1-2. Walls and damp places, ascending to 550 yards on Great Gable (B.) ; to 600 yards (Watson). 86 6. Cardamine sylvatica, Link. (Wood Ladies’ Smock, or Bitter-Cress). Native. British type. Range 1-2. Woods and damp rocks, frequent, ascending to the top of Kirkstone Pass, 500 yards.—(B.) 87. Cardamine tmpatiens, L. (Impatient Ladies’ Smock, or Bitter-Cress). Native. Xerophilous. Intermediate type. Range 1. Woods in the limestone tract. C. In Ennerdale at Bowness, and walls by the roadside near Barrow Falls.—(R. Holland.) W. Shap Abbey and in several places near Kendal.— (Hudson, Wilson, Gough.) Witherslack Woods, at the foot of Whitbarrow.—(C. Bailey.) Abundant in Middlebarrow Wood, Arnside.—(J. C. Melvill, B.) 88. Arabis thaliana, L. (Common Wall-Cress). Native. British type. Range 1. Walls and dry rocks. Frequent. Ascends to the summit of Castle Crag in Borrgwdale, 300 yards.—(B.) 89. Arabis petrea, Lam. (Alpine Rock-Cress). Native. Highland type. Range 2. High slate rocks. Very rare. C. Ravine of the Wastwater Screes, 600 feet in perpen- dicular height.—(Mr. Wood, in Bot. Guide.) | Scawfell.— (J. Robson.) 36 FLORA OF THE LAKE DISTRICT. Arabis stricta, Huds. (Bristol Rock-Cress). C. Lamplugh Hall and Pardshaw Hall near Loweswater. —(M.) No doubt a mistake; probably 4. Azrsufa intended, which Mr. Hodgson has gathered there. 92. Arabis hirsuta, R., Br. (Hairy Rock-Cress). Native.’ Xerophilous. British type. Range 1-2. C. Lamplugh Hall, in Lowestar, and about Red Hills Limeworks, Penrith.—(W. Hodgson.) Ullock and Pardshaw Crag.—(W. B. Waterfall.) W. Frequent on the limestone scars about Penrith, Shap, and Kirkby Lonsdale, and from Kendal by way of Whitbarrow and Huttonroof Crags to Arnside. Ascends to 500 yards.— (Watson.) Hills between Keswick and Thirlmere, 1000 feet. L. Rocks at Plumpton; on the beach at Bardsea and in Rowdsey Wood.—(Miss Hodgson.) Not included in White- haven Cat., or in my lists made at Keswick and Ambleside. 94. Turritis glabra, L. (Long-podded or Smooth Tower- Mustard). Native. English type. Range 1. Dry banks. Very rare. C. Stainburn near Workington.—(Mr. Tweddle !) W. In the red sandstone tract at Clibburn near Penrith.— (Lawson.) 95. Barbarea vulgaris, R., Br. (Yellow Rocket). Native. British type. Range 1. Frequent by stream-sides in the low country, ascending into Great Langdale, to Dacre Beck, over Ullswater, and to 300 yards at Shap. Barbarea pracox, R., Br. (Winter-Cress). Alien. An occasional straggler from gardens. W. A few plants in the road between Shap and Shap Abbey.—(Watson.) L. Included in Miss Hodgson’s catalogue for Furness ; no station cited. ORDER CRUCIFER:. 37 98. Wasturtium officinale, R., Br. (Water-Cress). Native. British type. Range 1. Frequent in ditches and streams, ascending to 250 yards.—(Watson.) I have seen it as high near Shap and at Rossgill, in both cases associated with Myosotis palustris, and mixed with Efilobium alsinifolium at ‘the foot of Great Dodd in the Vale of St. John. 99. Vasturtium terrestre, R., Br. (Rocket). Native. British type. Range 1. Damp places. Rare. C. In the ‘ Meadows’ near Wigton.—(Prof. Oliver!) Edges of pools about Aspatria and Gilcrux.—(W. Hodgson.) W. Near the mill-dam at Kirkby Lonsdale.—(Hindson.) 100. Wasturtium sylvestre, R. Br. Native? English type. Range 1. Damp places. Very rare. L. Barrow in Furness.—(W. Foggitt.) 102. Sisymbrium officinale, Scop.(Common Hedge-Mustard). Native. British type. Range 1. Common by roadsides and in waste ground, ascending in Borrowdale to Stonethwaite (B.); 250 yards (Watson) ; as high at Coniston, and to 300 yards near Penrith Beacon. Stsymbrium Trio, L., is reported in the Whitehaven Catalogue from the banks of the Marron, but I have seen no specimen from the Lake district. Sisymbrium Sophia, L., has occurred as a garden weed at Carlton Hill, Penrith.—(W. Hodgson.) 107. Erysimum Alliaria, L. (Garlic Treacle-Mustard, or Jack by the Hedge). Native. British type. Range 1. Common in woods and on hedge-banks, ascending to 300 yards.—(Watson.) 38 FLORA OF THE LAKE DISTRICT. Chetranthus Cheirt, L. (Wallflower). Alien. Old walls. Rare. C. Carlisle Castle-—(Winch.) Penrith Castle.—(C. Bailey.) Scaleby Castle—(M.) Millom Castle.—(Whitehaven Cat.) Dacre Castle.—(W. Hodgson.) W. Coast cliff between Silverdale and Arnside Point.— (C. J. Ashfield, J. C. Melvill.) Hesperis matronalis, L. (Scentless Dame’s Violet). Alien. An occasional straggler from gardens. Recorded by Mr. Nicolson in the Dillenian edition of Ray’s Synopsis from Dalehead, on the west of Thirlmere and Grasmere. C. By the river Ellen, from Cockbridge downwards.—(W. Hodgson.) W. Side of the Troutbeck road near Bowness.—(F. C. Roper. ) Brassica oleracea, L. (Wild Cabbage). Alien. Recorded from near Arnside Point by my relative, E. Robson, in the old Botanist’s Guide. I have no later information about it as a plant of the district, and could not find it there in 1883. 114. Brassica polymorpha, Syme. Colonist. English type. Range 1. Cultivated fields and waste places. Frequent. Ascends to 250 yards in Troutbeck Valley, and 300 yards at Shap. 116. Stnapis arvensis, L. (Charlock, or Wild Mustard ; local name, ‘ Field Kale.’) Colonist. British type. Range 1. Frequent in cultivated fields, ascending to 300 yards near Penrith Beacon. It is perhaps on the whole the greatest pest in the way of weeds the Lakeland farmers have to contend with. 117. Sinapis alba, L. (White Mustard). Colonist. English type. Range 1. C. Reported from St. Bees in the Whitehaven Catalogue. ORDER CRUCIFER&. 39 W. Seen as a weed amongst potatoes at Holme Mill near Milnthorpe.—(B.) 118. Sinapis nigra, L. (Black, or Common, Mustard). Colonist. English type. Range 1. C. Once seen as a weed in a field of turnips near Dalehead, on the west side of Thirlmere.—(B.) 120. Sinapis tenutfolia, R., Br. Denizen. English type. Range 1. C. Walls of Penrith Castle.—(Balfour.) (Not seen there in 1883.) Walls and draw-dikes of Carlisle Castle.—(Winch.) (Originally published as S. muralis.) A weed on gravel walks in the garden at Whitefield House near Overwater.—(W. Hodgson. ) 122. Sinapis monensis, Bab. Native. Maritime. Atlantic type. Range 1. C. In many places along the Cumberland coast-line. First recorded by Lawson. Northwards as far as Silloth banks, where it is extremely abundant.—(W. Hodgson.) Allonby, Flimby, and plentiful about Sellafield and Seascale. L. Walney Island, and thence along the shore of the main- land to Grange ; also first recorded by Lawson. 123. Raphanus Raphanistrum, L. (Wild Radish, or Jointed Charlock). Colonist. British type. Range 1. Frequent in cultivated fields. Ascends to 300 yards.—(Watson.) I have seen it at that height over Coniston. Both the yellow- and white-flowered varieties occur. Rapistrum rugosum, All. Alien. C. A weed amongst flax at Penrith, 1883.—(B.) Neslia paniculata, Desy. Alien. L. Waste ground at Grange-over-Sands.—(F. C. Roper.) 40 FLORA OF THE LAKE DISTRICT. ORDER RESEDACE/.. 125. Reseda Luteola, L. (Dyers Weed, Yellow-weed, or Weld). Native. British type. Range 1. Dry banks. Rare. C. In several places about Workington and Cockermouth. —(M.) Railway banks, Harrington, Workington, and Brig- ham.—(Whitehaven Cat.) Brigham limeworks, Cockermouth. —(W. Hodgson.) W. Abundant in limestone quarries at Kendal.—(T. Gough.) Banks of the Lune at Kirkby Lonsdale.—(Hindson.) L. Waste ground at Newland.—(Miss Hodgson.) Road- side at Kents Bank, on limestone.—(B.) 126. Reseda lutea, L. (Wild Mignonette, or Base Rocket). Denizen. English type. -Range 1. C. Railway slope near Coulderton, 1876; not truly wild. —(W. Hodgson). L. Waste ground near Ulverstone ; doubtfully wild.—(Miss M. A. Ashburner.) ORDER. CISTACEZA:: 128. Helianthemum vulgare, Gaertn. (Rock Rose). Native. Xerophilous. British type. Range 1-2. Limestone cliffs and banks. Frequent. C. Limestone rocks, Slapestones Brow near Penrith.—(W. Hodgson.) Clints at Isell.—(Whitehaven Cat.) W. Common along the limestone from Lowther, Shap and Kendal, by way of Whitbarrow, to Arnside and Milnthorpe, but I did not see it on Farleton Knot or Huttonroof Crags. 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