fZtb

FLOBA OF JAMAICA

YOL. I.

ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

FLORA OF JAMAICA

CONTAINING DESCRIPTIONS OF

THE FLOWERING PLANTS KNOWN

FROM THE ISLAND

BY

WILLIAM FAWCETT, B.Sc, F.L.S.

A. * '

Formerly Assistant, Department of Botany, British Museum

(Natural History)

Late Director of Public Gardens and Plantations, Jamaica,

and

ALFRED BARTON RENDLE,M.A.,D.Sc.,F.R.S.,F.L.S.

Keeper of the Department of Botany, British Museum •

(Natural History)

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS
VOL. I.

ORCHIDAGE^E

WITH THIRTY-TWO PLATES

to

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PREFACE a**!

During his residence in Jamaica for twenty-one years as
Director of Public Gardens and Plantations, Mr. William
Fawcett gave attention to the botanical exploration of the
Island. He was specially interested in the Orchids, and, with
the assistance of Mr. William Harris, Superintendent of the
Gardens and an excellent collector, a very fine collection
illustrating the family was got together. A beautiful series of
drawings from the living plants was also made under Mr.
Fawcett's direction by Miss Helen Wood. During one of
Mr. Fawcett's visits to England we agreed to collaborate in a
monograph of the Jamaican Orchids, and in 1904 an account
of the genus Lepantlies was published in the Transactions of
the Linnean Society. The work, however, proceeded slowlv
until 1908, when Mr. Pawcett retired and came to England.
The permission of the Trustees having been obtained for the
publication of the work as a British Museum Catalogue, Mr.
Fawcett was fortunately able to devote himself to the task, and
I have given what time I could spare in the intervals of other
work. Though Mr. Fawcett has done the larger part of the
work of preparation, we have both been carefully through each
species. Our work has been greatly facilitated by the loan
of the Jamaican Herbarium, for which we are much indebted
to the Government of Jamaica.

As Mr. Fawcett is able to continue his work at the
Museum, it is proposed that the present volume shall form the
first part of a complete " Flora of Jamaica."

A. B. RENDLE.

Departmext of Botaxy,

Beitish Museum (Natural History),

Cromwell Road, Loxdox, S.W.

October, 1910.

INTRODUCTION

The Island of Jamaica, the largest of the British West Indian
Islands, is 144 miles long and 30 to 40 miles broad. It lies
about 90 miles south of Cuba, and about 380 miles X.E. of
Honduras, the nearest part of the mainland.

" Jamaica is remarkable for the limited area in which very
many species are found, and for the wonderful contrasts in
neighbouring districts in geological structure and soil, in
elevation, in rainfall and in temperature.

"The Blue Mountains in the eastern end of the island
attain the highest elevations, rising to 7,423 feet. The distance
from the ridge to the coast on the north and south in a straight
line is about 20 miles. On the Blue Mountains and north to
the coast the north-east trade winds bring almost constant
rain throughout the year, the rainfall varying from 150 to
200 inches annually. From the rid^e to the south coast the
rainfall decreases, and as the Blue Mountains run not directly
west but inclined towards the north-west, and as the prevailing
winds are from the north-east, the result is a decrease in the
rainfall in travelling along the coast from Morant Point to
Kingston ; thus from Morant Point to Morant Bay there is a
rainfall from 70 to 55 inches annually, then a belt 50 to 40 inches,
and then for a considerable distance to Kingston and beyond,
35 to 30 inches. The slopes of the mountains are frequently
precipitous, and there may be great differences in elevation, in
moisture and temperature within short distances. For instance,
one may pass from the southern slopes of the John Crow Peak
of the Blue Mountains at about 5,500 feet, where xerophytic
conditions sometimes occur and often cold nights with tempera
ture down to 50° F., round the shoulder to the north, and
straight down 2000 feet to the Mabess River, where there is
almost constant rain, continual moisture from a perennial stream,
and a warm temperature at nights. The geological structure of

Yin ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

the district consists chiefly of brittle shale, easily decomposing,
with occasional masses of coral Limestone, marble, granite, &c,

interspersed.

"There IS a range of mountains close to the cast end,
running in a northerly and southerly direction, and rising to an
elevation of 2,100 feet. The coast in the neighbourhood La
rocky, and continues so for some distance to the west of Tort
Antonio. These mountains, known as the .John Crow Mountains
or Blake Mountains, are so wet, and the limestone rock is so
difficult to travel over, that it is believed only one white man
has ever crossed them. Nathaniel Wilson may have collected
on the slopes of these mountains on the east side, or on the
southerly slopes, some of the species that have not been found
since. The limestone rock of these mountains occurs over the
greater part of Jamaica, and in large districts it has disinte-
grated so as to form, as in the John Crow Mountains, such a
series of precipitous cliffs that it is impossible to travel through
it. The so-called ' Cockpit country ' is of this nature, and it is
in such places that new species of plants may naturally be
looked for." (W. F. in Urban, Symbol* Antillame, vi. 86.)

The Orchids of Jamaica are of special interest from the large
number of endemic forms which they include. The total
number of genera is 61, one of which, Homalojpetalum,is endemic.
The total number of species is 194, of which 73 are confined to
the Island. There are also some endemic varieties.

The most striking affinity of the Orchid flora is with that of
Cuba, 82 species, out of a total of 121, which are not endemic,
occurring also in that island, and of these 14 are restricted to
the two islands. The affinity with Hispaniola is apparently not
so marked, there being only 29 species known from both
islands, of which two, Epidendrum repens and BrougMonia
doming ensis, occur nowhere else. The difference is due no doubt
to some extent to our greater knowledge of the botany of Cuba
as compared with that of Hispaniola. With the much better
explored island of Porto Rico, which lies further east beyond
Hispaniola, the affinity is apparently greater, there being
40 species common to Jamaica and this island, four of which
are known elsewhere only in Cuba. Ten species are common to
Jamaica and the Bahamas, and 15 to Jamaica and Florida, the
relation of which to the West Indies is very close. Passing

INTRODUCTION IX

further east and south from Porto Rico, 38 species are common
to Jamaica and one or more of the Lesser Antilles. Forty
species occur both in Jamaica and Trinidad, of which nine are
not recorded from the Lesser Antilles, but six of these are known
from Cuba, and three from Cuba and Porto Rico. Epidendrum
nutans has a somewhat remarkable distribution, being known
only from Trinidad, Venezuela and Brazil, in addition to
Jamaica.

The relationship with Central America is well marked ; 37
species are common to Jamaica and some part of Central America,
and if we include Mexico the number is raised to 44. Of these
28 are also found in equatorial South America, of which sixteen
represent an element widely distributed over the West Indian
and tropical American area. Of the sixteen which do not occur
in equatorial South America, four are confined to Jamaica and
Central America and ten to Central America (with Mexico),
Jamaica and Cuba.

The affinity with equatorial South America is also strongly
marked, 48 species being known to occur in some portion of
tropical South America and Jamaica. A number of these also
represent a widely distributed tropical American element occurring
more or less generally in the West Indies and Central America,
some few being also known from Florida and the Bahamas. If
we consider Trinidad as part of equatorial South America, six
of these forty-eight species occur nowhere else in the West Indies
except in Jamaica. These comprise three species of Epidendrum
■ — E. verrucosum, known also only from Columbia, E. nutans from
Trinidad, Venezuela and Brazil, and E. imbricatum from Central
America and Brazil — and Brassavola nodosa, Maxillaria rufescens
^nd Cryptarrliena lunata from Central America and more or less
widely distributed in equatorial South America.

These six species which do not otherwise occur in the West
Indies, together with the Central American group already
referred to, probably represent an element of the Jamaican flora
associated with two former extensions of the land surface between
Cuba and Yucatan, and Jamaica and Honduras. The sea-
bottom between Jamaica and Honduras comes within the 6000
fathom limit and contains large banks within the 600 fathom
limit. If we include Jamaican species which occur also in the
Greater Antilles, there are twenty-four common to these and

X ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

equatorial South America which are nol t < -i ; i i< 1 in the Lesser
Antilles and may also be associated with the extensions of land
already referred to. A south-eastern line of association with
equatorial South America through Hispaniola and Porto Rico i^

without douht represented by the scries of the Lesser Antilles
and Trinidad: as we have mentioned al>o\ e t hirt y -eighl Jamaican
species occur in the Lesser Antilles and forty in 'Trinidad.

These facts of distribution are in accord with geological
evidence of a former Linking up of Cent ral America and Venezuela
by means of the line of the West Indies.

■

• " The Antilles are formed by the summits of a mountain chain
which separates the Caribbean Sea from the Atlantic Ocean and
the Gulf of Mexico. A second arc running from Honduras
through Jamaica and the south-west of Haiti appears to join the
principal chain. Even the great deeps which occur in certain
places, as, for instance, between Virgin Gorda and Anguilla, do<
not interrupt the continuous course of the mountain chain."

" With the slopes of the Mexican plateau in the State of
Oaxaca, says Seebach, the compact northern continent terminates..
To the south and to the east of the isthmus of Tehuantepec,,
Central America commences, which already belongs to the^
island world of the Antilles. ' The mountain series of the
Greater Antilles, which further to the east in Porto Rico and
San Domingo — the eastern part of Haiti — forms a single main
chain, divides in the middle of the latter island, giving rise to a
southern branch which proceeds through the elongated peninsula
of Jacmel towards Jamaica and Honduras, and a northern branch
which extends beyond Cuba towards Yucatan . . . Is it merely
a remarkable accident that the Sierra Maestra, consisting of
crystalline schists and massive rocks and situated in the south-
east of Cuba (where the Greater Antilles reach their greatest
elevation of 2,338 meters above the sea), should run through
the Cayman group, the bank of Misteriosa, the Viciosas, and
Swan Island to the depths of the gulf of Honduras, and that
from the edge of this mountain ridges similarly constituted
should rise abruptly and proceed with constant strike into the
interior.' "— (Suess, " The Face of the Earth," Engl. Transl. i. 5^3.)

Our knowledge of the flora of Jamaica starts with the work
of Sir Hans Sloane, who collected in the Island during a stay

INTRODUCTION XI

of fifteen months in the years 1687-89, and published the results
in his work on the Natural History of Jamaica (1707-25).
Sloane's Jamaican plants occupy Yols. I. to VIII. of the Sloane
Herbarium at the British Museum, and these volumes have
been carefully gone through in connection with our work on the
Orchids. The herbarium of Sir Joseph Banks, which became at
his death the foundation of the Department of Botany, included
collections from Jamaica by William Houstoun (1729-33),
William Wright (1771-85)/Roger Shakespear (1780-2), and
Francis Masson (1781), and also a large number of specimens
from Olof Swartz (1784-6), including types of many of the new
species published in his " Prodromus " and elsewhere. Besides
these and the later collections at the British Museum we have
worked through the material in the Kew Herbarium, which
includes the collections of James Macfadyen (1825-50), W.
Purdie (1843, 4), Nathaniel Wilson (1846-58), R. C. Alexander
Prior (1849, 50), W. T. March (1857, 8), and others.

We have to thank the Government of Jamaica for the loan
of the whole of the material contained in the Jamaican Herbarium,
the formation of which was begun by Sir Daniel Morris (1879-86)
and was continued by one of us (1887-1908) with the very
efficient help of Mr. William Harris as collector. In this
connection special reference should be made to Mr. Harris's
work as an indefatigable and successful plant-collector, to which
is owed a considerable increase in knowledge of the flora of
Jamaica. Our work has been greatly facilitated by the use of
a fine series of drawings made at the Hope Gardens, Jamaica,
from the living plants, under the sujDervision of one of us, by
Miss Helen A. Wood ; many of these have been reproduced in
the plates at the end of the volume, for the large number of
which we are grateful to the Trustees of the British Museum.
We have also to thank Dr. N. L. Britton, Director of the
New York Botanic Garden, for specimens and for the loan of a
collection of Orchids made in Jamaica by Sir D. Morris. A
number of private individuals resident in or visiting the Island
have also contributed specimens ; most of these are contained in
the Jamaican Herbarium. By the kindness of Dr. Radlkofer
of the Royal Botanical Museum, Munich, we have been able
to work through the Orchids collected by H. R. Wullschlaegel

o JO

(1847-9). As Wullschlaegel's specimens are cited by Grisebach

Xll

nliciims OF JAMAICA

in the "Flora of the British Wesl Indies," it lias been
of interest to revise his determinations by comparison with
the original collection. Prof. Ignatius Urban of Berlin has
generously entrusted to us the volume of Kwartz's " Icones
Ineditse," and has allowed us to cite the drawings. During the.
preparation of our work Prof. Urban has given a detailed account
of the botanical exploration of Jamaica since the publication
of Grisebach's "Flora" in his " Symbolse Antillanae " (vi.,
pp. 70-131, 1909). To Prof. Cogniaux, who is elaborating the
Orchids of the West Indies for the " Symbolse," we are indebted
for the loan of specimens and helpful information.

Our descriptions of the genera have been drawn up with
special reference to the species which occur in Jamaica. For
measurements we have used the metric system, but for con-
venience of tourists we have added English measures for the
height of the plant and the size of the flower. The figure below
renders possible a ready comparison of the two systems, e.g.
"2 ■ 5 cm. are equivalent to an inch, 2 mm. to jV inch, and 1 dm.
to about 4 inches.

Centime

xr$

1

2.

3

4

I 5

6

7

3

1 9

~L

l||l INI

mi

Mil

MM

mi

mi

mi

MINIMI

Mil

mi

llll

Ml!

Mil

llll

lllllllll

lllllllll

1 II 1 1 1 1 II 1 1

i i i i i

Mill

1 II II 1 II II

1TT1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1

2

1 3

1 4

Inches

The J. P. (Jamaican Plants) numbers cited are those given by
Sir D. Morris to the species in the Jamaican Herbarium; the
numbers cited as Fl. Jam. (Flora Jamaicensis) are those attached
to specimens, as collected, later.

The mark " ! " indicates that we have seen a specimen.

In order to conform to the international rule, which requires
that diagnoses of new species shall be published in Latin,
descriptions of novelties have been inserted in the " Journal
of Botany," and are quoted here from that work.

W. FAWCETT.
A. B. RENDLE.

LIST OF PLATES

Plate 1. 1, Habenaria macroceratitis ; 2, 3, H. distans var. jamaicensis ;
4-7, H. alata ; 8-10, H. rnonorrhiza ; 11, Pogonia macrophylla.

Plate 2. 1-3, Habenaria Purdiei ; 4-7, H. socialis; 8-12, H. troyana ;
13-15, Pogonia gentianoides ; 16, Vanilla inodora ; 17,
V. Wrightii ; 18, 19, V. claviculata; 20, V. phaeantha ; 21, 22,
Pelexia setacea.

Plate 3. 1-5, Spiranthes tortilis ; 6-9, S. Fawcettii ; 10-14, S. elata ;
15, Erythrodes plantaginea ; 16-19, E. hirtella ; 20, E. jamai-
censis ; 21, Stenorrhyncos squamulosus ; 22, S. lanceolatus;
23, 24, Wullschlaegelia aphylla.

Plate 4. Pseudocentrum minus.

Plate 5. 1-3, Cranichis pilosa; 4, Prescottia oligantha ; 5, 6, Stenoptera
ananassocomos ; 7-11, Ponthieva Harrisii ; 12, 13, P. pauci-
flora ; 14, Corymborchis flava ; 15, Tropidia polystachya.

Plate 6. 1-5, Liparis Harrisii; 6-10, L. Saundersiana ; 11-17, Malaxis
integra ; 18-23, M. Grisebachiana.

Plate 7. 1-3, Galeandra Beyrichii ; 4, 5, Polystachya minuta ; 6, 7,
P. minor ; 8-10, Cryptophoranthus atropurpureus ; 11-14,
Stelis ophioglossoides ; 15-28, S. micrantha.

Plate 8. 1-6, Pleurothallis trilobata ; 7-10, P. bracbypetala ; 11-16,.
P. rotundifolia ; 17-22, P. velaticaulis.

Plate 9. 1-4, Pleurothallis Morrisii ; 5-7, P. confusa ; 8, P. Wilsonii ;
9-14, P. Helenoe ; 15-19, P. hirsutula.

Plate 10. Pleurothallis uncinata.

Plate 11. 1-7, Lepanthes arcuata; 8-11, L. Harrisii ; 12-17, L. Woodiana ;.
18-21, L. elliptica ; 22, 23, L. brevipetala.

Plate 12. Brachionidium Sherringii.

Plate 13. 1-7, Ccelia triptera ; 8-13, Isochilus linearis.

Plate 14. 1-3, Seraphyta diffusa ; 4-9, Arpophyllurn giganteum ; 10-14,
Broughtonia sanguinea; 15-19, B. domingensis.

Plate 15. 1, Epidendrum angustilobum ; 2, E. nocturnum ; 3,
E. difforme ; 4, E. serrulatum ; 5, E. nutans ; 6, E. bifariurn;
7, E. rivulare ; 8, E. Ottonis ; 9, E. imbricatum ; 10,
E. anceps ; 11, E. verrucosum; 12, E. ramosum.

Plate 16. 1-4, Epidendrum monticolum ; 5-7, E. parvilobum ; 8-10,.
E. belvederense.

Plate 17. 1-5, Hormidium tripterum ; 6-12, Leelia monophylla ; 13-16,
Octadesmia montana.

Plate 18. 1-6, Homalopetalum vomeriforme ; 7-10, Tetramicra parvi-
flora.

XIV

1.1st OF PLATES

Plate 19.
Plate 20.

Plate 21.
Plate 22.
Plate 23.

Plate 24.
Plate 25.

Plate 26.
Plate 27.

Plate 28.

Plate 29.

Plate 30.

Plate 81.
Plate 32.

1-G, Schomburgkia Lyonsii ; 7-11, Brassavola cordata.

1-7, Elleanthua capitatus; 8-12, E. longibracteatus ; 13-17,
I'haius TancarvillesB ; 18-22, Calantbc mexicana.

1-7, Bletia purpurea; 8-11, B. florida.

1-3, Govonia utriculata ; 4-8, Eulopliia alta.

1-3, Lycaste Barringtonisc ; 4-7, Xylobium palmi folium; 8-14,
Bulbophyllum jamaiccnse ; 15, 1G, B. pacliyrrbachis ; 17-19,
Zygopetalum ilabelliforme.

Neo-urbariia adendrobiura.

1-G, Maxillaria alba ; 7-12, M. sessilis ; 13-1G, M. rufcscens ;

17-19, M. rufescens var. minor.

1-4, Ornitbidium vestitum ; 5-7, 0. proliferum.

1-3, Iouopsis satyrioides ; 4-6, 1, utricularioides ; 7-10, Macra-
denia lutesceus.

1-6, Brassia maculata ; 7-9, B. caudata ; 10-15, Comparettia
falcata.

1-3, Tricbopilia jamaicensis ; 4-8, Oncidium pulcbellum ;
9-11, O. luridum; 12-17, 0. triquetrum; 18-21, 0. guttatum ;
22-25, 0. spbacelatum.

1-5, Leocbilus labiatus ; 6, 7, Cryptarrbena lunata ; 8-12,
Dicbsea graminoides ; 13-16, D. glauca ; 17-21, D. tricbocarpa ;
22-25, D. muricata ; 26-30, D. ecbinocarpa ; 31-36, D.
Morrisii.

1-4, Campylocentrum Sullivanii ; 5-8, C.
C. Barrettise ; 16-21, Harrisella porrecta.

1-7, Dendrophylax funalis.

minus

9-15,

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(Where no date is given the work is in progress)

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Ames Orch. — Orchidacese, Illustrations and Studies of the Family. Oakes

Anies. Boston and New York.
Ames Orch. S. Fla. — Contribution. . .Orchid Flora of S. Florida. 0. Ames.

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1797-1816.
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. — Annals and Magazine of Natural History.

London.
Ann. Sc. Nat. — Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Paris.
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Aublet. London and Paris. 1775.

Bateman Orch. Mex. & Guat. — The Orchidaceae of Mexico and Guatemala.

J. Bateman. London. 1837-43.
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Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. — Berichteder DeutschenBotanischenGesellschaft.

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Bijdr. Flor. Ned. Ind. — Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indie,

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Hanover. 1853-62.
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London. 1756.
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Catesby Nat. Hist. Carol. — Natural History of Carolina, &c. M. Catesby.

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XVI WORKS REFERRED TO IN THE TEXT

Fawc. PI. PI. Jam. — List of the Flowering Plants of Jamaica. W. Pawcetl .

Kingston. L893.
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Paris, is;.:;.
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Phanerogams by A. Richard. Paris. L863.
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(lard. Chron. — Gardeners' Chronicle. London.

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Leipzig. 1891-8.

L. Sp. PL — Species Plantarum. C. Linnaeus. Stockholm. 1753.

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J. B. Lamarck and others. 1789-1817.
L'Herit. Sert. Angl. — Sertum Anglicum. C. L. L'Heritier. Paris.

1788-92.
Lindenia— Lindenia. Gand.

Lindl. Coll. Bot. — Collectanea Botanica. J. Lindley. London. 1821.
Lindl. Fol. Orch. — Folia Orchidacea. J. Lindley. London. 1852-59.

WORKS REFERRED TO IN THE TEXT XVII

Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. — Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants.

J. Lindley. London. 1830-40.
Lindl. Orch. Seel. — Orchidearnm Sceletos. T. Lindley. London. 1826.
Linnaea — Limipea. Berlin. 1826-82.
Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr.— Novoruni Vegetahiliuni Descriptioncs.

P. de La Llave and J. Lexarza. Mexico. 1824-25.
Lodd. Bot. Cab. — Botanical Cabinet. C. Loddiges. London. 1817-33.
Lonr. Fl. Cochinch. — Flora Cochinchinensis. J. Loureiro. Lisbon. 1790.

Mem. Mus. Par. — Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris.

1815-32.
Mem. Soc. Phys. & Hist. Nat. Geneve. — Memoires de la Societe de Physique

et d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve. Geneva. 1821-76.
Merian PI. Ind. — RecueildesPlantesdesIndes. M. S. Merian. Paris. 1768.
Miller Gard. Diet. — Gardeners Dictionary. P. Miller. (Ed. 8. London.

1768.)
Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. — Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum. K. L.

Blume. Leyden. 1849-56.

Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. — Nederlandsch Kruidkundig Archief. Leyden and

Amsterdam.
Nov. Act. Upsal. — Nova Acta Regise Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis.

Upsala.
Nutt. Gen. Amer. — Genera of North American Plants. T. Nuttall.

Philadelphia. 1818.

Orch. Rev. — Orchid Review. London.

Paxt. Fl. Gard. — Paxton's Flower Garden. J. Lindley and J. Paxton.
London. 1850-84.

PL Hartw. — Plantse Hartwegianse. G. Bentham. London. 1839-57.

Pluk. Aim. — Almagestum Botanicum. L. Plukenet. London. 1696.

Plum. Cat. — Catalogus Plantarum Americanarum. C.Plumier. Paris. 1703.

Plum. Ic. ined. — Plunder's original drawings in the Department of Botany,
British Museum.

Plum. Nov. PL Amer. Gen. — Nova Plantarum Americanarum Genera.
C. Plumier. Paris. 1703.

Plum. PL Amer. (Burrn.). — Plantarum Americanarum. C.Plumier. Ed. J.
Burmann. Amsterdam. 1755-60.

Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Spec. — Nova genera ac species plantarum.
E. F. Poeppig and S. L. Endlicher. Leipzig. 1835-45.

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. — Proceedings of the Biological Society of Wash-
ington. Washington, D.C.

Redoute Liliacees — Les Liliacees, peintes par P. J. Redoute. Text by

A. P. De Candolle and others. Paris. 1802-16.
Reichb. Fl. Exot. — Flora Exotica. H. G. L. Reichenbach. Leipzig

1834-6.
Rep. Miss. Bot. Gard. — Report of the Missouri Botanical Garden.

St. Louis.

Salisb. Ic. ined. — R. A. Salisbury's original Drawings and Mss. in bound

volumes in the Department of Botany, British Museum.
Salisb. Prodr. — Prodromus stirpium in horto ad Chapel Allerton vigentium.

R. A. Salisbury. London. 1796.
Saund. Ref. Bot. — Refugium Botanicum. W. W. Saunders. London.

1869-73.
Schrad. Journ. — Journal fiir die Botanik. H. A. Schrader. Gottingen.

1799-1803.

b

xvin WORKS REFERRED TO IN THE TEXT

Solium. & Lauterb. Nachtr. PI. Deutsoh. Si Nachtrage zur Flora

dei Deutsohen Sohutzgebiete in dor Siidsee. K. Schumann & K.

Lauterbaoh. Leipzig. L906.
Sert. Bot. Sertum Botanioum. P. 0. van Gee 1. Brussels. 86.

Sloane Cat. — Oatalogus plantarum quae in Insula Jamaica sponte pr<

niunt . . . H. Sloane. London. L696.
Sloane lli^t. Voyage to ... Jamaica, with the Natural History. Hans

Sloano. London. 1707-25.
Sm. Ic. Pict.— Icones pictse plantarum rariorum. J. E. Smith. London.

1790— 93
Small Fl. S. E. Un. St.— Flora of the South Eastern United Stal

J. K. Small. New York. 1903.
Smith Spicil. — Spicilegium botanicum. J. E. Smith. London. L791 92.
Spreng. Syst. — Systema Vegetabilium. C. Linnaeus. Ed. 10, C. Spri

Gottingen. 1825-8.
Steud. Nom. — Nomenclator botanicus. E. G. Steudel. Ed. 2. Stuttgart

and Tubingen. 1840-41.
Sw. Adnot. Bot. — Adnotationes Botanicse. O. Swartz. Ed. by J. E.

Wikstrom. Stockholm. 1829.
Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. — Flora India? Occidentalis. 0. Swartz. Erlangen.

1797-1806.
Sw. Icon. ined. — Descriptiones et Icones Plantarum incognitarum quas in

India occidentali detexit atque delineavit O. Swartz. Lent by Prof.

I. Urban. Berlin.
Sw. Obs. Bot. — Observationes Botanicse. O. Swartz. Erlangen. 1791.
Sw. Prodr. — Nova Genera et Species Plantarum. O. Swartz. Stockholm.

1788.
Symb. Ant. — Symbolse Antillanse. I. Urban. Berlin. Orchids by A.

Cogniaux.

Trans. Linn. Soc. — Transactions of the Linnean Society of London.

Vet. Handl. Stockh. — Kongl. Vetenskaps Academiens nya Handlingar.
Stockholm.

Walp. Ann. — Annales Botanices systematica?. W. G. Walpers and others.

Leipzig. 1848-68. Orchids by H. G. Reichenbach fil.
Willd. Sp. PL — Species Plantarum. C. Linnseus. Ed. 5. C. L. Willdenow.

Berlin. 1797-1810.
Williams Orch. Alb. — The Orchid Album. R. Warner, B. S. Williams and

others. London. 1882-96.

Xen. Orch. — Xenia Orchidacea. H. G. Reichenbach fil. Continued by
F. Kraenzlin. Leipzig. 1858-1900.

NAMES OF THE MORE IMPORTANT COLLECTORS
AND CONTRIBUTORS WITH DATE OF COLLECTION

Bancroft, E. N. 1811-42.

Barrett, Miss T. Moulton,

1887-
Bertero, C. 1821.

Blake, Sir Henry and Lady,

1887-97.

Britton, Dr. N. L. and Mrs.

1906-

Browne, P. 1746-55.
Campbell, E. 1894-6.
Cradwick, W. 1888-
Distin, H. 1830-40.
Eggers, H. von. 1888.
Fawcett, W. 1887-1908.
Gosset, Miss B. 1909-
Harris, W. 1881-
Hart, J. H. 1880-6.
Hitchcock, A. S. 1890-
Houstoun, W. 1729-33.

Jenman, G.

S.

1873-9.

LOXGSTAFF,

1907.

Dr

and Mrs

Macfayden,

J.

1825-50.

March, W.

T.

1857, 8.

Masson, F. 1781-
McNab, G. 1838-59.
Moore, A. 1883-
Morris, Sir Daniel. 1879-86.
Nicholls, C. N. 1891.
Nichols, G. E. 1903, 6.

Prior, R. C. Alexander,

1849, 50.
Purdie, W. 1843, 4.
Shakespear, R. 1780-2.
Sloane, Sir Hans. 1687-9.
Sullivan, C. 1883-90.
Swartz, O. 1784, 5, 6.
Syme, G. 1879-84.
Thompson, W. J. 1889-
Thomson, R. 1862-79.
Tomlinson, R. K. 1900-
Waters, J. about 1826-30.
Watt, D. E. 1890-
Wiles, J. 1793-1805.
Wilson, N. 1846-58.
Wright, W. 1771-7, 1782-5.

WlJLLSCHLAEGEL, H. R. 1 847-9 .

ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

Orchids are perennial herbs showing much variety in their
habit. They are either terrestrial, growing in the soil, or
more or less epiphytic, that is, growing on stems or branches of
trees, on rocks, etc., often surrounded by a dense growth of moss.
In the simplest form of growth, the stem continually produces
new leaves at the apex, while the flowering shoots spring
from the axils of older leaves. This method, known as the
monopodial, occurs in some epiphytic orchids, as in Dichsea,
where the inter nodes and leaves are both very short. In all
terrestrial orchids and many epiphytic, growth of the main axis
soon ceases, usually at the end of one season, while a lateral
shoot continues the growth next season. The apparent main
axis of the plant is then a sympodium, consisting of the basal
scale-bearing portions of successive shoots, the upper parts of
which are aerial and leafy. The shoots may end in an
inflorescence, or flowers are borne on special lateral branches.
The development of the sympodial rhizome governs the habit
of the plant. If the basal portion of the yearly shoot is short,
the successive aerial shoots are crowded and the habit is bushy
or clustered, whereas if the basal portions are lengthened a
creeping or climbing habit results.

In terrestrial orchids the basal portions of the annual shoots
form a thin or fleshy root-bearing rhizome (as in Spiranthes), or
a tuber is produced each year (as in Habenaria, Bletia). The
aerial stem is slender, bearing one to many foliage-leaves and
ending in a single flower or an inflorescence. The leaves are
inserted along the stem (cauline) or are clustered at the base
(radical).

The majority of epiphytic sympodial forms are pseudo-
bulbous ; that is, the stem is thickened to serve as a reservoir
of food and water. The pseudobulb consists of only one
internode and bears one or more leaves at its apex, or of several
internodes and bears leaves throughout its length, or bears
scales at the lower nodes and a terminal tuft of leaves. The

2 ORCHIDS OF JAM UCA

pscudobull) is of very various Bhapes, sometimes globose,

usually more <>r less elongated ; its surface is generally smooth
and shiny. In Pleurothallis and allied genera bhe shoots arc
not thickened fco form a pseudobulb, and hear a single leaf
which spreads at right angles to the axis or apparently forms
a continuation of it.

The Leaves are simple, generally sessile, and wither and
decay on the stem, or, as in most epiphytic species, separate
by a distinct joint. The margin is entire and the apex often
denticulate or unequally cut ; the venation is as a rule parallel.
In some cases the blade passes gradually into a stalk which
has generally a sheathing base.

At the basal nodes of the shoots leaf -scales are borne, which
pass gradually into foliage leaves, or the latter may start abruptly.
The leaves are generally arranged in two ranks, one each side of
the stem.

Leaves of epiphytic forms are generally thick and fleshy ;
and by a thick cuticle they are adapted for storage of water. A
main root is never present ; its place is taken by adventitious
roots which arise especially from the nodes and often show as
regular an arrangement as the leaves. In terrestrial orchids the
roots are sometimes thickened to form stores of reserve material.
The air roots of epiphytic orchids have a special development of
the outer layers forming a sponge-like tissue (velamen), by which
water is absorbed for the plant from the atmosphere. Three
kinds of air-roots may be distinguished. Clinging roots which
creep close to the substratum and are inseparable from it ;
absorptive roots, or branches of the former which grow into the
humus which collects about the plant ; and the fine aerial roots
which hang down sometimes to a considerable length.

The flowers are hermaphrodite and irregular. The perianth
consists of an outer whorl of three sepals and an inner whorl of
three petals which alternate with the sepals. The odd or median
sepal is normally on the lower side of the flower and furthest
from the axis. The odd petal, which generally differs con-
siderably in size and shape from the two lateral petals and is
termed the lip, is normally on the upper side of the flower next
the axis. This position is, however, generally reversed by a
twist of the ovary so that the lip in the open flower is on
the lower side. The sepals are usually smaller and less con-
spicuous than the petals, but in some genera (as Pleurothallis,
Lepanthes and Brassia) they are much larger. They are free from
each other or more or less coherent ; in some genera, as Pelexia and
Stenorrhi/ncos, the lateral sepals are united at the base to form a
spur which in Pelexia encloses the elongated base of the lip.
The petals show a great variety in form and colour ; the lateral
pair are generally smaller than the lip. The lip which is, as a

ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA 3

rule, the most conspicuous feature of the flower, is often large and
spreading, or has upwardly curving sides. It is simple (undivided)
or two- three- or four-lobed and generally bears on the upper face
thickened veins or swellings (calli), or fleshy warts, which are
often, as in Oncidium, large and conspicuous. The lip is some-
times produced at the base into a sac or spur, which may arise
partly from the axis of the flower.

The most characteristic feature of the flower is the develop-
ment of the receptacle, which at an early stage becomes
cup-shaped, and finally forms a hollow cylinder. The carpels
(three in number) arise as outgrowths from the edge of the cup,
on the interior of which the ovules are developed on three double
placental lines alternating with the carpellary outgrowths. The
perianth springs from the upper edge of the inferior ovary,
where there is often also an expansion of the axis known as the
foot. The lateral sepals are continued along the sides of the
foot, from the tip of which the lip springs at a sharp angle,
forming externally a chin, inside which at the base nectar is
often secreted.

The stamens and stigmatic surfaces are raised above the
perianth on an elongation of the floral axis known as the
column ; occasionally some of the other organs are raised up
on the column, as in Ponthieva, where the petals and lip are
carried up above the sepals. Comparative study of the orchid
flowers among themselves, and especially with those of other
families of Monocotyledons, suggests that the stamens are derived
from two alternating whorls, each of three members, the members
of the outer whorl alternating with the petals. The stamens are,
however, much reduced, and are represented in the great majority
of orchids by one anther, which is variously placed on or near
the apex of the column, and represents the median stamen of
the outer whorl, opposite the median sepal. There is generally
no trace of the other members of this whorl, but they sometimes
appear as small outgrowths on the side of the column ; and the
lateral pair of the inner whorl is also often similarly represented ;
in Epidendrum Ottonis they are more or less fertile. The presence
of a single fertile stamen characterises the great majority of the
genera ; in the genus Gypripedium, not found in Jamaica, the
lateral stamens of the inner whorl are fertile, while the median
stamen of the outer whorl is represented by a large staminode.

Cypripedium has three functional stigmas ; but in Jamaican
orchids only the lateral pair are functional, the third is
sterile and forms the rostellum, which often plays an important
part in transference of the pollen. The stigmas form a smooth,
viscid, flat or cushion-like area on the inner face, or sometimes on
the end of the column, or two distinct processes which in
Habenaria are borne on projecting style-like structures.

b 2

4 OKI IIIDS (»K .1 \M \KA

The form of the anther, its position on the column and the
means by which the pollen is transferred, vary widely in the
different genera. The anther contains t wo, four, or eight cells,

each of which contains a mass of pollen. The pollen masses
or pollinia are granular or powdery, breaking up into grains on
removal, as in Pogonia, Spiranthes, Vanilla, etc. ; or the grains
are united into packets by an elastic web as in Habenaria ; or
waxy pollinia are produced by the formation of a strong common
covering round each mass as in Epidendrum an. I allied genera.

The anther may stand erect and free on the top of the
column, as in Habenaria where it is strongly united to the
rostellum by its base, and does not separate from the column when
the pollinia are removed. Usually, however, the anther is
attached to the rostellum by its apex. In this case it may be
erect and stand behind the stigma in such a way that the rostellum
reaches its apex, as in Stenorrltyncos, and the filament is gener-
ally thin but strong enough to hold the anther in place after
removal of the pollen. In most cases, however, the anther is
not erect, but is placed horizontally or hangs on the inner face of
the column ; it usually separates so easily from the thin filament
that it falls when the pollen is removed. It lies along the
rostellum or is more or less enclosed within a special cavity
of it (clinandrium), or is in contact with it only at the apex.

The removal of the pollinia is generally effected by the help
of insects, which visit the flower for the sake of a sweet juice
contained in the sac or spur-like development or in the various
excrescences of the lip. Insects are attracted by the colour, form
and smell of the flower, the lip of which often forms an effective
landing-stage. The pollinia and stigma are so placed in reference
to the position assumed by the insect as to favour the carrying
off of the pollinia from one flower and its deposition upon the
stigma of another of the same species.

To ensure its transference the pollinia are often attached to
a stalk, which is associated with a sticky mass, the so-called
" gland." Thus in Habenaria each anther-cell is produced into
a long process (anther-canal), the contents of which form stalks
(caudicles), to which are attached above the numerous packets
of grains forming the pollinia. Below, the caudicle is attached
to a gland formed from the rostellum. The anthers split open
longitudinally when mature, and the pollinia are drawn out by
the adhesion of the gland to the head or proboscis of an insect
visiting the flower. In other genera no definite gland is pro-
duced from the rostellum, but a quantity of viscid matter exudes
from it when touched, and serves to glue the protruding tips of
the caudicles to the retreating object. In many genera the
pollinia are connected to the rostellar gland by a stalk (stipes or
pedicel), which is not a development of the anther, but of the

ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA 0

upper face of the rostellum (as in Maxillaria). In some cases
short true caudicles are formed, by which the pollinia are
attached to the pedicels.

The ovary is generally somewhat cylindrical-ellipsoidal or
spindle-shajied, and often bears longitudinal lines, ridges, or
wings, which become further developed in the fruit.

The fruit is a dry capsule, except in Vanilla, crowned by the
withered remains of the flower, and opening usually by six longi-
tudinal slits, forming three broad and three narrow valves, which
remain united above and below ; in Harrisella they are free above.
In Pleurothallis there are only two slits. In Vanilla the fruit is
fleshy and pod-like. The seeds are innumerable and minute,
and contain a small rudimentary few-celled embryo enveloped
by a thin loose membranous coat, which varies much in shape
and colour. They are scattered by aid of hygroscopic hairs on
the interior of the valves, and are carried by the wind.

The family falls into two groups, a small one, Diandrse, not
represented in Jamaica, with two or rarely three fertile stamens,
and a large one, Monandrse, with one fertile stamen.

The subdivision of the Monandrse was based by John Lindley
(The Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants, 1840) solely on
characters derived from the anther, the pollen, or the pollen-
distributing apparatus. Lindley recognised six tribes. E. Pfitzer,
who more recently elaborated the family in Engler and Prantl's
Pflanzenfarnilien (ii. part 6, 1889), criticises this arrangement,
which was practically followed by Bentham and Hooker in the
Genera Plantarum (iii. 1883), as depending too much on the
relation of the floral structure to insect visits for the purpose of
pollination, and too little on a general study of the whole plant.
He retains the Oplirydese which are characterised by the per-
sistent terminal erect anther (to which belongs Habenaria), but
subdivides the remainder into twenty-eight tribes, based on the
terminal or lateral character of the inflorescence, the develop-
ment of the leaf and stem, and the form and relative size of
the lip. We have followed the sequence of genera in Pfitzer's
arrangement.

ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

KEY TO GENERA.

I. Terrestrial Plants (growing in soil).

Anther-cells distant, diverging, with the stalks of
the pollinia in special tubes and each ending

in a naked gland 1. Habenaria.

Anther-cells closely approximate.

i. Leaves membranous, not plaited. Pollinia

granular (i.e. breaking up into granules

on removal), 2 or 4.

Anther deciduous, opercular, on the margin

of the clinandrium. Pollinia 2. Leaves

along the stem or wanting 2. Pogonia.

Anther persistent, parallel to the back of the
long rostellum. Pollinia 2 or 4. Leaves
generally radical.

a. Lip on the lower side of the flower.

Lateral sepals combined into a spur.
Spur enclosing the elongated base

of the lip 4. Pelexia.

Spur not enclosing base of lip.

Bracts coloured 5. Stenorrhyncos.

Lateral sepals free.

Lip not spurred 6. Spiranthes.

Lip spurred 7. Erythrodes.

b. Lip on the upper side of the flower.

Lateral sepals forming a spur.

Spur short. Leaves wanting 8. Wullschlcegelia.

Spur very Jong. Leaves present ... 9. Pseudocentrum.
Lateral sepals not forming a spur.

Lip inserted at base of column, free 10. Cranichis.
Lip inserted on the cup formed by
the base of the sepals, which have

grown together 12. Prescottia.

Lip and petals inserted on the long

column 13. Ponthieva.

ii. Leaves membranous, not plaited. Pollinia
waxy (not breaking up into granules), 4.
Column long, curved. Anther terminal,

opercular, incumbent, deciduous 17. Liparis.

Column short, erect. Anther enclosed by

the clinandrium, persistent 16. Malaxis.

iii. Leaves papery, plaited.

Flowers small, in terminal and axillary
panicles. Pollinia 2, granular.
Sepals cohering into a tube. Lip linear

from base. Column long 14. Corymborchis.

Sepals, lateral connate into a short chin.

Lip saccate at base. Column short... 15. Tropidia.
Flowers large, racemose on a scape. Pollinia
4 or 8, waxy.
Pollinia 8.

[Lip continuous with base of column,

spurred. Flowers white and brown... 39. Phaius.~]

KEY TO GENERA

Lip jointed with base of column, not

spurred. Flowers purple or rose 41. Bletia.

Claw of lip connate with column,
forming a tube, spurred. Flowers

white 40. Calanthe.

Pollinia 4.

Lip produced into a wide spur 18. Galeandra.

Lip forming a chin between the lateral
sepals. Flowers greenish, with purple
lip... 42. Eulophia.

Lateral sepals forming a chin. Flowers

white 43. Govenia.

iv. Leaves fleshy, linear, semi-terete. Flowers

small, pink; lip 3-lobed 36. Tetramicra.

II. Climbing Plants with fleshy

Fruit 3. Vanilla.

III. Plants growing on Trees, Rocks or Stones,
not in the Soil.

(Sometimes it may be difficult to decide whether a plant should be
included under I. or III., as it may be growing amongst moss on rocky
ground and apparently terrestrial, but unless it is actually growing in
soil, it should be classed amongst the epiphytic orchids.)

i. Leaves plaited.
Pollinia 8.

Raceme from base of pseudobulb. Ovary

3-winged. Pseusobulbs present 27. Ccelia.

Flowers with large bracts in terminal

heads or spikes. No pseudobulbs 38. Elleanthus.

Pollinia 4.

Peduncles several, with one flower on each.

Flowers greenish. Pseudobulbs present 44. Lycastc.
Flowers whitish, with a blue variegated

lip. No pseudobulbs 46. Zygoprtalum.

Raceme with several flowers. Pseudobulbs 45. Xylobium.

ii. Leaves not plaited.

Lip on upper side of flower (see also some
species of Epidendrum and Oncidium).
Plant very small. Flowers in head with

large bracts 11. Stenoptera.

Plant not very small. Flowers in panicles,

bracts small 19. Polystachya.

Lip on lower side of flower (but some species
of Epidendrum and Oncidium have lip
on upper side).

A. Pollinia 4.

a. Column with foot, with which the
sepals more or less form a chin.
1. Lip free, jointed to foot of
column.
Flowers small, several, on
stalk from base of pseudo-
bulb 47. Bulbophyllum.

8 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

Flowers large, solitary, axillary

to la r;;.' leaves. With or

without pseudobulbs 48. Maxilla via.

Flowers small, solitary, axil-
lary to small two-ranked
leaves. No pseudobulb 59. Dichcea.

Flowers small, in clusters,
axillary in sheaths of large
leaves. No pseudobulbs ... 49. Nco-urbania.

2. Lip not jointed to foot of column;
erect.
Stem covered with imbricated
sheaths in two ranks, with
pseudobulbs here and there 50. Omithidium.
Stem bearing short linear
leaves in two ranks ; no
pseudobulbs 25. Isochilus.

b. Column without foot.

Claw of lip as long as column,
with which it is connate into
a cup. No pseudobulbs. Pol-
linia connected in pairs by
a viscous substance which
stretches elastically into two

threads 28. Seraphyta.

Claw of lip shorter than column,
with which it is connate into
a cup. Pseudobulbs present.
Pollinia connected by a vis-
cous substance 32. Hormidium.

Claw of lip erect, adpressed to
column, and more or less con-
nate with it into a tube, but
sometimes quite free. Pe-
duncle terminal, simple or
branching. With or without
pseudobulbs. Pollinia con-
nected in pairs by a granular-
viscous linear appendage 30. Epidendrum.

Lip free from column, and em-
bracing it at base, produced
below into an adnate spur.
Pseudobulbs present 31. Broughtcnia.

Lip free from the column and
continuous with its base,
spreading, claw long and
keeled - crested above. No
pseudobulb 58. Cryptarrhena.

Lip free, subsessile, somewhat

similar to sepals and petals ... 37. Homalopetalum.

B. Pollinia 8.

Without pseudobulbs.

Flowers numerous, mauve, in a

long dense spike 29. Arpophyllum.

Flowers greenish or whitish-yellow,

corymbose 35. Brassavola.

Flowers creamy- white, racemose ... 26. Octadesmia.

KEY TO GENERA

9

Flowers few, orange-coloured, race-
mose 33.

With pseudobulbs.

Flowers purple-spotted, several,
racemose 34.

C. Pollinia 6.

Sepals, petals and lip with long,
tailed apices 24.

D. Pollinia 2.

a. Without pseudobulbs.

1. Stem with one leaf at the

apex.
Flowers opening only by a

chink at the side 20.

Flowers opening normally.
Petals and lip free, much

alike, and spreading 21.

Petals free, differing from
the lip. Lip jointed with

column 22.

Claw of petals and lip adnate
to base of column 23.

2. Stem with two or more leaves

or leafless.
Flowers with a short spur.
Lip longer than sepals ;

sepals forming the spur ... 52.
Lip not longer than the
sepals ; lip forming the
spur.
Flowers numerous, on
spikes. Capsule de-
hiscing in middle.
Sometimes leafless ... 60.
Flowers few, on racemes.
Capsule dehiscing from

apex. Leafless 61.

Flowers with a very long spur.

Stemless and leafless 62.

Flowers not spurred 56.

b. With pseudobulbs.

Flowers spurred 53.

Flowers not spurred.

Lip with large lateral lobes, em-
bracing the column 51.

Lip more or less entire.

Flowers large, sepals Ion?,

narrow 55.

Flowers small.

Scape shorter than leaves ... 54.
Scape longer than leaves 57.

Lcelia.
Schomburgkia.

Brachionidium.

Cryptophorantli us.

Stelis.

Pleurothallis.
Lepanthcs.

Ionopsis.

Campylocentrum.

Harrisella.

DendropJiylax.
Oncidhtm.

Comparettia.

Macradenia.

Brassia.

Trichopilia.
Leochilus.

10 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

1. HABENARIA Willd.

Terrestrial herbs, with tubers <>r fleshy roots. Stem erect,
simple, wit 1 1 a few leaves which are sheathing at their base.
Flowers shortly stalked, in a raceme. Sepals unequal, free;
median hooded ; lateral spreading or deflexed. Petals smaller,
2-partite, or simple. Lip continuous with the column, spreading
or pendulous, spurred, 3-partite, or simple. Column very short,
without a foot ; stigma produced into two papillose processes ;
anther-cells distant from one another ; pollinia in each cell
granular, with long stalks lying in the anther-canals and each
ending in a naked gland. Capsule narrowly ellipsoidal.

There are about 500 known species, natives mainly of the
warmer regions of both hemispheres.

§ 1. Petals 2-partite ; lip 3-partite.
Stem leafy upwards.

Spur much longer than ovary 1. H. macroceratitis.

Spur not much longer, or shorter, than
ovary.

Stem erect, with short roots 2. H. monorrhiza.

Stem creeping at base, with long roots 3. H. repens.

Stem leafy at base only 4. H. distans.

§ 2. Petals entire ; lip simple.

Spur much longer than ovary 5. H. Purdiei.

Spur not much longer, or shorter, than ovary.

Sepals and petals acute 6. H. alata.

Sepals and petals obtuse.

Spur tapering towards apex 7. H. socialis.

Spur thickened towards apex 8. H. troy ana.

§ 1 . Petals 2-partite ; lip 3-partite.

1. H. maeroeeratitis Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 44 (1805); leaves
reticulately many-nerved, oval to elliptical-oblong ; spike few-
flowered ; spur much longer than ovary, curved. — Griseb. Fl. Br.
W. Ind. 643 ; Cogn. in Symb. Ant. vi. 299 ; Ames Orch. iv. 222.
H. macroceras Spreng. Syst. Hi. 692 (1826); Hook, in Bot. Mag.
t, 2947 ; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 308. Orchis habenaria L*
Syst. cd. 10, 1242 (1759) & Herb. Linn.; Sio. Obs. Bot. 319, t. 9.
(PI. 1, f. 1.)

On stony ground; in fl. Oct. -Jan. ; Shakespear\ Swartzl Bancroft I
Waters ! Alligator Pond, Purdie ! Fairfield, Wullschlaegel, 1050 ! Moaeague,
Priori March \ Lady Blake \ Red Hills, J.P. 467, Morris I Stony Hill,
J. P. 2410, Syme ! near Browns Town, Miss T. M. Barrett ! Lacovia,

* The species name is generally spelt with a capital initial, Habenaria
being the name of a genus. Linnaeus, however, did not take the trivial
name from a generic name, as Habenaria was founded much later by
Willdenow (1805). As therefore the species name is not taken from a
generic name (see International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature (1905)
Rec. x) it should begin with a small letter as in Linnaeus's original
description.

HA BEX AR I A 11

Tomlinson ! Red Hills, 800 ft. ; near Hope Mines, 800 ft. ; Long Mt., 900 ft.
Harris] St. Ann, Miss Stennettl Fl. Jam. 6901, 7789, 9106, 10,404, 10,415,
10,416. — Cuba, Florida, Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, B. Guiana, Surinam.
Plant 1-2| ft. high. Stem leafy, 2-5 dm. 1., 7 mm. br. Leaves oval
below; elliptical-oblong in middle, 10-12-5 cm. 1., 2 -5-3 '5 cm. br. ; ovate-
acuminate above. Racemes 10-15 cm. 1., numerous-fid. Bracts ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, as long as the ovary, 3 -5-4" 5 cm. 1., 1*3 cm. br.
Floivers greenish-white. Sepals, median ovate-suborbicular, very obtuse,
1*5 cm. 1., lateral ovate, obtuse, 1*6 cm. 1. Petals, posterior segment
oblong-falcate, acute to sub-acute, 1*3 cm. 1., 3 mm. br., anterior linear-
setaceous, curving upwards, 3*5 cm. 1. Lip 3-partite nearly to base,
middle lobe linear-lingulate, ac. te, barely 2 cm.l., about 2 mm. br., lateral
linear-setaceous, curved-spreading, 4 cm. 1. Spur pendulous, curved, fili-
form, slightly clavate, apex acute 10 cm. 1. and more. Stigmatic processes
short, obtuse ; anther-canals longer, curved upwards.

2. H. monorrhiza Reiclib. f. in Ber. Deutscli. Bot. Ges. Hi.
274 (1885); leaves 3-nerved, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate;
sheaths marked with purple spots and lines ; lip with lateral
lobes erect, longer than sepals. — Ames op. tit. iv. 229. H. brachy-
ceratitis Willd. op. cit. 44. H. brachyceras Spreng. op. tit. 692.
H. maculosa Lindl. op. cit. 309 ; Griseb. op. cit. 643 ; Cogn. op.
cit. 304. Orchis monorrhiza Sw. Prodr. 118 (1788) & Fl. hid.
Occ. 1391. (PI. 1, f. 8-10.)

On damp clayey shady banks; in fl. Nov.-April ; Sicartz ; Macfadyenl
Hagley Gap, Purdie ! Wilson ! Mt. Diabolo, Prior ! Fairfield, Widlschlaegel,
1049! March; Mt. Airy, J.P. 2052, Syme, and "common" Morris I Port
Antonio & Blue Mt. Peak, Hitchcock ; Browns Town, Miss T. M. Barrett !
Cinchona, 5000 ft. ; Silver Hill Gap ; near Castleton ; Faivcetti Westphalia,
4000 ft. ; Cinchona ; Wallenford, 3500 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7525, 7771,
7884, 10,407, 10,500 (partly).— Cuba, Porto Rico, St. Thomas, Guadeloupe,
Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Grenada, Trinidad, Guate-
mala, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Brazil.

Plant to 2 ft. high. Stem leafy, 2*5-5 dm. 1., to about 6 mm. br.
Leaves 4-8 cm. 1., 2-3 cm. br. Raceme 10-13 cm. 1., densely-nd. Bracts
ovate-lanceolate, acute or shortly acuminate, about as long as the ovary,
1*2-2 '2 cm. 1., 4-5 mm. br. Pedicels very short. Floivers white. Sepals
reticulate-5-nerved, nerves prominent outside ; median ovate or ovate-
suborbicular, very obtuse, keeled, 7-8 mm. 1., 4-5-5 mm. br. ; lateral
ovate, obtuse, apiculate, 7-8 mm. 1., 3-4 mm. br. Petals posterior
segments narrowly oblong, tapering to base and apex, apiculate, 2-3-
nerved, connivent or spreading, 6- 5-7* 5 mm. 1., 1-8-2 -5 mm. br. ; anterior
segment linear, acuminate, generally about 4 mm. 1., erect, sometimes
reduced to a short, descending process, about 1 mm. 1. Lip, lobes sub-
equal ; middle lobe linear-ligulate, 7-8 mm. 1., 1-2 mm. br. ; lateral filiform,
8-^9 mm. 1., barely -5 mm. br. Spur pendulous or curved anteriorly,
filiform, apex acute, 1*5-2 cm. 1. Stigmatic processes short, fleshy;
anther-canals much longer, ascending; rostellum small, triangular.

Cogniaux regards 0. monorrhiza Sw. as distinct from H. maculosa Lindl.
and identical with H. alata Hook., and describes the lip as undivided.
Swartz, however, says " labio tripartito " Prodr. & "Labium ad basin fere
tripartitum" Flor., in which H. maculosa agrees, but H. alata differs.

3. H. repens Nutt. Gen. Amer. ii. 190 (1818) ; stem
creeping at base ; leaves 3-nerved, oblong-lanceolate ; lip with
lateral lobes pendulous, shorter than sepals. — Lindl. op. cit. 310;

VI ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

Bolfi in Hook. L-. PI. t. 2686 ; Cogn. op. cit. 305 ; Ames Orch. i.
51, t. 1 1 .v to. 216. II. bricuspis .i. Rich. FL Cub. Hi. 249 (1853).

In wet places; St. Ann, McNab\ Worthy Park, Priori — Cuba, Porto
Rico, Florida, Georgia, Carolina. Alabama, Louisiana, Guatemala, Nica-
ragua, B. Guiana, Venezuela, Brazil.

Plant A '2k ft. high. Stem without tubers, 1*5-7*5 dm. Leaves
1-8 dm. I., '7-2 om. br. "Raceme 5-20 cm. 1., dense, many-fid. Bracts
linear-lanceolate, acuminate, lowest longer than flower, upper shorter
than ovary, to 1*5 cm. 1. Pedicels 4 6 nun. 1. Flowers erect, yellowish-
green. Sepals, median broadly ovate, apiculate, 5 mm. 1. ; lateral ovate,
apiculate, nearly 6 mm. 1. Petals 4 mm. 1., posterior segment falcate,
lanceolate, acute ; anterior segment linear-filiform, acute, about as long as
the posterior. Lip 4-5 mm. 1., lobes sub-equal, linear-filiform, median
broader than lateral. Spur incurved, linear, 9 mm. 1. Stigmatic pro-
cesses oblong, thickish ; anther-canals short, directed forwards. Capsule
10 mm. 1.

4. H. distans Griseb. Cat. Cub. 270 (1866) ; steam leafy at
base only ; leaves reticulate-many-nerved, broadly oblong or
lanceolate, acute. — Cogn. op. cit. 300 ; Ames op. cit. 202.

On damp shady banks; in fl. Dec; Moody's Gap, 3000 ft., Harris I
Fl. Jam. 7768.— Cuba, Porto Rico, Florida.

Plant 8-16 in. high. Stem 2-4 dm. Leaves 8-16 cm. 1., 2-5-5 cm. br.
Baceme laxly 6-10-fld., 6-12 cm. 1. Bracts foliaceous, ovate-lanceolate,
long-acuminate, 2-1 '5 cm. 1. Flowers greenish. Sepals 3-nerved, median
ovate-oblong, somewhat obtuse, 5-6 mm. 1. ; lateral deflexed, oblong,
acute, about 8 mm. 1. Petals, segments somewhat equal ; posterior linear-
ligulate, abruptly acute, suberect, as long as the median sepal ; anterior
somewhat longer, filiform. Lip, middle lobe about equal to the lateral
sepals, narrowly linear ; lateral lobes generally longer, filiform, spreading.
Spur incurved, filiform, gradually becoming spindle-shaped, somewThat
acute, 1*3-1*6 cm. 1. Stigmatic processes extended, thickened, altogether
free from the lip ; anther-canals shorter, ascending.

Var. jamaieensis Cogn. loc. cit. (1909); plant smaller than
the typical species ; leaves roundish-oval to oblong-lanceolate.
Habenaria jamaieensis Fawc. & Hendle in Journ. Bot. xlvii. 126
(1909) ; Ames op. cit, iv. 204, t. 67. (PL 1, f. 2, 3.)

On rocky or clayey, shady banks ; in fl. Dec. -March ; below Guava
Ridge, J. P. 483, Morris ! Mt. Hybla, 4000 ft. ; Clydesdale, 4000-4500 ft. ;
near Cinchona, 4500 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7851, 7854, 10,499.— Hispaniola.

Plant ^-1 ft. high. Stem 1-2 dm. Leaves 3-9 cm. 1., 1 -5-4-5 cm. br.
Baceme laxly 4-12-fld., 4-15 cm. 1. Bracts membranous, ovate-lanceolate
or lanceolate, acute or acuminate; sterile 2-4, more or less distant, 5-2
cm. 1. ; floral about as long as the stalked ovary, 2* 5-1* 5 cm. 1. Pedicels
about 5 mm. 1. Sepals 3-nerved, median ovate-suborbicular, very
obtuse, 6-7 mm. 1., 4*5-6 mm. br. ; lateral half-ovate, subfalcate, obtuse,
apiculate, 6 -5-9 mm. 1., 3 -5-4 mm. br. Petals, segments equal or unequal ;
posterior oblong-lanceolate, falcate, acute, connivent, 5-5-7 mm. 1.,
1*5-2 mm. br. ; anterior segment a little to many times shorter than the
posterior, 1*5-4 mm. 1. Lip, middle lobe linear-ligulate, 6*5-10 mm. 1.,
about 1 mm. br. ; lateral lobes filiform, erect, much longer than the
petals, 9-12 mm. 1. Spur 1*3-1*6 cm. 1. Stigmatic processes short,
truncate-roundish ; anther-canals about as long ; somewhat curved ;
staminodes shortly triangular.

IIABENAMA 13

§ 2. Petals entire ; lip simple.

5. H. Purdiei Fawc. & Bendle in Journ. Bot. xlvii. 263 (1909);
leaves lanceolate ; bracts lanceolate, shorter than the stalked
ovary ; sepals very obtuse ; spur much longer than ovary. — Ames
op. cit. iv. 270. (PL 2, f. 1-3.) Type in Herb. Kew.

Hollis's Savanna, Clarendon, Purdiei

Plant 1J ft. high. Stem about 3 dm. 1., 3*5 mm. br. Leaves thin,
conspicuously reticulate-ll-15-nerved, acute, to 8 cm. 1., to l-9 cm. br.
Baceme, about 12 cm. 1., somewhat laxly many-fid., oblong in outline.
Bracts acuminate, lower 1*7 cm. 1. Pedicel about 5 mm. 1. Ovary 1-1-8
cm. 1. Flowers somewbat spreading. Sepals reticulate-3-nerved, nerves
prominent outside ; median suborbicular, margin minutely denticulate,
8*5 mm. 1., 7*7 mm. br. ; lateral oval-oblong-falcate, concave, about 11
mm. 1., about 5 mm. br. Petals oblong, very obtuse, 2-nerved, 6 mm. 1.,
2 mm. br. Lip linear-ligulate, margin revolute, with a small tooth on
each side above the base, pendulous, half as long again as the sepals, 13
mm. 1., nearly 2 mm. br. Spur slender, compressed, tapering to apex,
nearly 3 cm. 1. Stigmatic processes tbick and fleshy at apex, about
2 mm. 1. ; anther-canals nearly twice as long, about 3'3 mm. 1., ascending;
anther acutely crested (in the specimen examined).

Near H. obtusa Lindl., from Brazil and Surinam, but differs in the
smaller lanceolate bracts and in other details.

6. H. alata Hook, in Exot. Fl. t. 169 (1827) ; bracts ovate to
lanceolate, acuminate, apex shortly awned, about as long as the
stalked ovary ; sepals acute ; petals acute, linear-lanceolate. —
Griseb. op. cit. 644 ; Ames op. cit. iv. 273. H. brachyceras
Lindl. op. cit. 315 (1835), non Spreng. H. monorrhiza Cogn.
op. cit. 307 excl. syn. (in part). (PI. 1, f. 4-7.)

In damp clayey ground ; in fl. Nov.-April; Macfadyenl Purdiei Priori
Golden Spring," J.P. 466, Morris I Farm Hill, Miss B. Gosset I Salt Hill
Road ; Westphalia, 4000 ft. ; Halls Delight, 1000 ft. ; below Cinchona,
4000 ft. ; Harris I Fl. Jam. 7526, 7806, 10,470, 10,500.— Cuba, Porto Rico,
St. Thomas, Antigua, St. Vincent, Grenada, Mexico, Guatemala, Costa
Rica, Venezuela, Bolivia.

Plant reaching sometimes to 3J feet. Stem leafy, covered by the leaf-
sheaths, 2-5 dm. 1. Leaves lanceolate, acute, passing from a sheath at
the base into bracts above, 7-16 cm. L, 1-2*4 cm. br. Baceme somewhat
laxly many-fid., 10-15 cm. 1. Bracts 2-7-2 cm. 1., 4-6 mm. br. Flowers
green. Sepals reticulate-7-nerved, keeled, median broadly ovate, 6-8 mm.
1., 4 -5-6 mm. br. ; lateral ovate, acute, 7-9 mm. 1., 3-4-5 mm. br. Petals
reticulate-3-nerved, with a small projecting lobe on the anterior side near
the base, 6-7-5 mm. 1., 1-75-2 mm. at greatest width. Lip linear-ligulate,
margin revolute, with or without a small tooth on each side above the
base, spreading or ascending, 6-8 mm. 1., about 1 mm. br. Spur pendulous,
clavate, slightly shorter than the ovary, 1-2-1-4 cm. 1. Stigmatic
processes short, compressed ; anther-canals subequal, ascending. Capsule
6-winged.

7. H. soeialis Fawc. & Bendle loc. cit. ; bracts lanceolate,
acuminate, about as long as the stalked ovary ; lateral sepals
2-nerved, oblong, retuse, about 4- 3 mm. 1., about 2 mm. br. ;
petals oblong, apex emarginate, the nerves ending in two pro-

14 ORCHIDS OF JAMAIC \

jecting points, 3*5 mm. 1., about I mm. br. ■ spur tapering
towards apex. Ames op. cit. iv. 276. Type in Serb. Kew.
(PI. 2, f. 4-7.)

Growing with //. alata Hook, in marshy soil, iicar Mandeville,
Purdie !

Plant 12 in. high, glabrous. Stou erect, leafy, covered by leaf-slieat hs,
about 2 dm. 1., 3 nun. br. Leaves lanceolate, thin, It-nerved, acute,
passing into the bracts above, blade to 8*5 cm. 1., to 2 cm. br. Raceme
Bomewhal laxly many-lid, about 10 cm. 1. Bracts, lower L*8 cm. 1.
Pedicel about :■' mm. 1. Ovary about 1 cm. 1. Flowers green, erect.
Sepals median, without nerves, suborbicular, very obtuse, apiculate, about
3*5 mm. 1. and br. Petals reticulate-2-nerved, with a projecting lobe on
the anterior side near the base, 3-5 mm. 1., about 1 mm. br. Lip linear-
ligulate, with a small projecting lobe just above the narrow base, margin
revolute, simple, about 5*5 mm. 1., about 1-2 mm. br. Spur slender,
compressed, nearly as long as ovary, about 1 cm. 1. Stigmatic processes
very short, capitate, glandular; anther-canals ascending, about twice as
long as processes.

Differs from H. alata Hook, in the texture and venation of the leaves ;
in the flowers being about half the size ; in the form of the sepals and
petals, and the relatively longer lip. Differs from the Brazilian species,
H. quadrata Lindl., in form of petals, length of spur, which is 1*5 cm. 1.
in H. quadrata, and in other details.

8. H. troyana Fawc. & Bendle op. cit. 264 ; bracts ovate-
lanceolate, subacuminate, like the leaves at base of raceme,
lowest longer than flower, upper shorter than ovary ; lateral
sepals reticulate-nerved, falcately oblong-ovate, obtuse, the nerve
on the lower face projecting as an apiculus just below the apex,
7 mm. 1., 3*5 mm. br. ; petals oblong, retuse, oblique at base and
rather broader there than at the apex ; spur increasing in size
upwards from a slender base. — Ames op. cit. iv. 260. (PI. 2,
f. 8-12.)

In damp shady forest; in n\, Nov.; near Troy, 2500 ft., Harris I
Fl. Jam. 10,432.

Plant somewhat robust, 2 ft. high. Stem leafy, 3 dm. 1. Leaves
lanceolate, acute, reticulate-ll-15-nerved, passing into bracts above, about
10 cm. 1., about 2-5 cm. br. Raceme densely-fld., 30 cm. 1. Bracts
3* 5-1* 2 cm. 1., 1*3- '6 cm. br. Pedicels short. Sepals reticulate-nerved,
median ovate-suborbicular, very obtuse, 6 mm. 1., 5 mm. br. ; lateral
spreading, 7 mm. 1., 3*5 mm. br. Petals with an obsolete lobe near base
anteriorly, 5 mm. 1., 2*3 mm. br. Lip linear-ligulate, angled at the base,
7*5-8 mm. 1., 1*5-1 "75 mm. br. near apex, 1*5-2 mm. br. near base.
Spur pendulous, slightly curved, shorter than the stalked ovary, 9 mm. 1.
Stigmatic processes short, compressed ; anther-canals about as long, slightly
projecting" upwards.

Since the publication of H. troyana, we have had the opportunity,
through the courtesy of Prof. I. Urban, of comparing flowers from the
type specimen of H. eustachya Reichb. f. in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. iii.
274 (1885) from Porto Rico (Sintenis, no. 511b) ; this differs from H. troyana
in being smaller, with thinner, non-clavate spur, and much smaller lip.
When describing H. troyana we compared it with H. Sanbornii Ames,
which we suggested might prove identical with H. eustachya. Mr. Oakes
Ames now (op. cit. 257) refers H. Sanbornii to H. eustachya, and considers
H. troyana as probably the same species.

POGONIA 15

2. POGONIA Juss.

Terrestrial herbs, with fleshy roots or a tuber. Leaves
wanting, or appearing on the stem with the flowers ; stalk
sheathing, blade broad. Flowers medium-sized or small, corym-
bose, erect. Sepals equal, free, erect. Petals similar to, and
nearly as long as, the sepals, erect. Lip erect from the base
of the column, free, not spurred, contracted below, narrowly
embracing the column, 3-lobed, the face with 1-3 raised lines.
Column elongate, at the apex slightly thicker, with a short
rostellum ; stigma under the rostellum oblong or broad ; clinan-
drium more or less elevated, entire or denticulate. Anther more
or less incumbent, obtusely conical or semiglobose ; pollinia two,
thinly granular. Capsule ellipsoidal, erect.

Species about 90, widely dispersed over the world.

Stem leafy 1. P. macrophylla.

Stem leafless 2. P. gentianoides.

1. P. macrophylla IAndl. in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3,
i. 335 (1858) ; stem leafy ; flowers greenish. — Cogn. in Symb.
Ant. vi. 317. P. phvsurifolia Reichb. f. in Nederl. Kruidk. Arch,
iv. 324 (1859) ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Lid. 637. (PI. 1, f. 11.)

In damp shady places ; probably in fl. all the year, our specimens were
collected in Feb., April, June & Dec. ; woods above Dunrobin Castle,
St. Thomas in East, Purdiel J.P. 2090, Morris ! Mabess River, 2500 ft.,
Q. Nichols ! Vinegar Hill, St. George, 4000 ft. ; ridge below Vinegar Hill,
3800 ft. ; near Mabess River, 3500 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 6252, 7840, 9013,
10,097. — Cuba, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, Guadeloupe, Dominica, St. Lucia,
St. Vincent, Grenada, Venezuela, Guiana, Colombia.

Plant 9-12 in. high, glabrous. Stem often prostrate at the base and
rooting at the nodes, erect above, purple, 1-3 dm. 1. Leaves, blade ovate,
acute or obtuse, at the base rounded, sometimes somewhat cordate and
clasping, green above, deep purple beneath, conspicuously 3-nerved,
3-7 cm. 1., 2-3 cm. br. BMcemes 1-several, with numerous broad bracts,
short or becoming long, with 1-6 flowers open at one time at the apex,
2-13 cm. 1. Flowers, perianth J in. or more 1. Bracts, floral broadly
ovate, obtuse, clasping, much shorter than the ovary, 5-1 cm. 1. Pedicels
4 mm. 1., elongating often to 5*5 mm. in fruit. Ovary slender with thin
longitudinal ridges, 11 or 12 mm. 1. Sepals oblanceolate, 3-nerved, margins
somewhat involute, strongly keeled, keel ending in a pointed tip, about
1*5 cm. 1., 3*5 mm. br., lateral falcate. Petals oblanceolate, acute or
somewhat obtuse, 3-nerved, about 1*4 cm. 1., 2*2 mm. br. Lip in outline
obovate, a little shorter than the petals (by 1 mm.), nearly 5 mm. br.
(including lobes), many-nerved, middle vein prominent, 3-lobed above;
middle lobe much larger than the lateral, somewhat roundish-rhomboid,
margin somewhat eroded ; lateral lobes oblong, obtuse, with a very narrow
sinus. Column narrowly winged ; clinandrium with 2 pointed lobes.
Capsule nearly 2-5 cm. 1., 7 mm. br.

2. P. gentianoides Spreng. Syst. Hi. 706 (1826); stem leaf-
less; flowers dark purple. — IAndl. Gen. & Sp. Orcli. 413 ; Griseb.
op. cit. 637 ; Cogn. op. cit. 315. Limoclorum gentianoides Sw. Prodr.
119 (1 788). Arethusa gentianoides Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 1436 (1806)
& Ic. ined. t, 18. (PL 2, f. 13-15.) Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

16 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

In shady places ; in Q.June; Morant Bay, Swa/rl I J.P. 482, Morris]
at growing from a tuber, glabrous 5 i'> ins. high. Scape erect,
slender, with a few sheaths, l 8 dm, 1., purplish. Sheaths about 5,
clasping, rounded at the apex, dark- or reddish green, 2 I om. 1. Flowers
at the end of the scape "dark purple, glauoesoent, Like the calyx of
Oentiana Amarella " (Sw.). Peduncles 6-12, somewhat crowded, verj Long,
%_,-5-7-f> cm. 1., filiform, l-ild., lax, red. Bracts ovate, acuminate, entire,
concave, 8-nerved, green, 5 9 mm. 1. Sepals 3-nerved, narrowly oblong,
hooded at tip, connivent, erect, dark purple, 9 mm. 1., 1 '75 mm. br. Petals
nearly as long as the sepals, white, 8- nerved, lanceolate, obtU86, about
8 mm. 1., 1*5 mm. br. Lip narrow at the base, erect, half-embracing
the column, nearly as long as the petals, 3-lobcd ; middle lobe larger than
lateral, oblong, blunt ; lateral ovate, entire ; 3 raised lines marked with green
spots run from the base to the apex of the middle, lobe. Column somewhat
stout, semi-terete. Anther bluntly apiculate. Capsule with 6 shallow
keels, 1*1 cm. 1., "5 cm. br.

3. VANILLA Sw.

Herbs ; strong, high-climbing, branching ; stems with or some-
times without leaves, emitting roots. Leaves leathery, papery,
or membranous. Racemes or spikes axillary, generally short.
Flowers large. Bracts ovate. Sepals about equal, free, spread-
ing. Petals somewhat similar to the sepals. Lip, claw aclnate
to the column ; limb broad, concave, embracing the column at the
base. Column long, without a foot ; stigma transverse under
the short rostellum ; clinandrium short or obliquely raised. Anther
attached to the margin of the clinandrium, incumbent, convex,
semiglobose or obtusely conical, with separate cells ; pollinia
powdery-granular, free, or at length sessile on the rostellum.
Capsule generally long, fleshy, not dehiscing or only slightly later.

Species about 20, widely dispersed throughout the tropics
of the whole world.

Leaves, wanting on main stem, lanceolate-subulate on

terminal shoot 1 . V. claviculata..

Stem leafy.

Bracts large, foliaceous. Leaves much longer than

internodes 2. V.inodora.

Bracts small, not foliaceous. Leaves about as long
as, or shorter than, internodes.

Leaves ovate, small, shorter than internodes ... 3. V. Wrightii.
Leaves oblong or elliptical, large, about as long
as internodes.

Flowers 2|-3J in. 1. Capsule thick.

Capsule rounded and somewhat flattish

in section 4. V. phceantha..

[Capsule somewhat 3 -cornered in section V. pompona.']
[Flowers 2 in. 1. Capsule slender V. plant folia. ,]

1. V. elavieulata Sw. in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 66, t. 5, fig. 1
(1799) (figure* bad); leaves wanting on main stem; on the

* This figure does not agree with description of Fl. Ind. Occ, but it,
may refer to V. Wrightii.

VANILLA 17

terminal shoots lanceolate, acuminate, rigid, recurved at apex,
concave, sessile, half-clasping at base. — Sw. Ft. Ind. Occ. 1515;
Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 434 ; JReichb. f. in Ber. Deutsch. Bot.
Ges. Hi. 275 ; Gnseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 638; JRolfe in Jonm. Linn.
Soc. xxxii. 471 (1896) ; Cogn. in Synib. Ant. vi. 324. V. bar-
bellata Beichb. f. in Flora xlviii. 274 (1865). Cereo afhnis
scandens planta &c. Sloane Hist. ii. 160, t. 224, fig. 3, 4. Cactus
parasiticus L. Syst. ed. 10, 1054 (1759) (in part, i.e. so far as
concerns reference to Sloane Jam/). Epidendrum claviculatum Sw.
Prodr. 120 (1788). (PI. 2, f. 18,' 19.) Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

Green withe.

On shrubs and trees, growing on limestone rocks ; in fl. and f r. June ;
Angels, near Spanish Town, and on hills near, Sloane Herb. vii. 86 ! in
very dry, calcareous mountainous places, Swartz ! Retirement, St.
Elizabeth, J. P. 460, Morris ! Stony Hill, J. P. 460 (2613) Symel Constant
Spring 650 ft., Stony Hill, 900 it.," Harris ! Fl. Jam. 5827, 10,411 (Marchl
in Hb. Kew. ; owing to the unsatisfactory condition of the flower, which
has apparently a glabrous lip, we have had some hesitation in referring it
to this species). — Cuba, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, St. Thomas, Bahamas.

Stem leafless on main stem, thick, 1 cm. or more br., shrivelling very
much, to 5 or 6 mm., when dry; internodes about 10 cm. 1. ; adventitious
roots often twisting spirally like tendrils. Leaves 3-8 cm. 1. Raceme with
8-12 sessile flowers, to 14 cm. 1. Bracts below like the leaves, but much
smaller, above triangular, acuminate, 2-* 5 cm. 1. Ovary § as long as the
sepals, cylindrical. Floivers fragrant, glaucous green sepals with a white
and purplish lip, perianth nearly 2 ins. 1., crowded towards apex of raceme.
Sepals narrowly elliptical, obtuse, 4-4*7 cm. 1., 1-1 -1 cm. br. Petals as
long as sepals, keeled, 1*3 cm. br. Lip roundish, crenate and curled on
upper margin, attached to column for two-thirds its length, with ramen-
taceous hairs inside along the central line, and at the sides below, 5 cm. 1.,
about 4*5 cm. br. when flattened out. Column 3 cm. 1. Capsule ellip-
soidal-cylindrical, thickest in the upper part, narrowing gradually to the
base, 10 cm. 1., 1*6 cm. br.

Swartz says, " flores albi . . . odor fortis Orchidearum." Grisebach
quotes Wright as saying "perigonium rufescenti-virens, labello rubro-
marginato et punctato, mediano intus barbato." We have not taken the
species name from Linnaeus's Cactus parasiticus owing to the great
confusion in his references. In the Systema (1759) he describes C.
parasiticus as "repens, teres, striatus, muticus," referring to (1) Sloan.
Jam. 224, f. 3, 4, the specimen of which is in Herb. Sloane, and is
Vanilla claviculata Sw. ; (2) Plum. Ic. 197, f. 2, probably a species of
Rliipsalis. In Species Plantarum, ed. 2, i. 668 (1762) he repeats the
diagnosis from the Systema, but drops the reference to Sloane, citing instead
Cactus parasiticus inermis etc. Browne Jam. 238. In the Linnean
Herbarium there is a specimen from Browne named Cactus parasiticus by
Linnaeus; this has no flower, and is either Dendrophylax funalis, or a
leafless species of Campylocentrum.

2. V. inodora Schiede in Linnsea iv. 574 (1829); leaves
much longer than the internodes, elliptical, shortly acuminate,
membranous, very shortly stalked ; bracts in two ranks, foliaceous,
membranous, like the leaves but much reduced and varying in
size. — Bolfe op. cit. 449 ; Cogn. op. cit. 320. Vanilla flore viride
et albo, fructu nigrescente, Plum. Nov. Gen. PL Amer. 25, t. 28

c

18 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

(1703) & PI. Amer. {Hum,.) L83, /. L88 (1758). V. rolubilis

siliquosa Mexicans plantaginis folio Catesby N<tf. Hist. ('anil.

Ajyp.t. 7(1743). V. anaromatica Griseb. op. cit. 638. Epidendrum
Vanilla, L. in Herb. (PL 2, f. IG.)

On trees, in rocky woodland; in M. I ><■<•., in fr. March-Aug. ; /'. Browne
tin Herb. Linn.)! Manchester, Purdie\ J.P. 4<il (2614) Symel Claverty
Cottage, J.P. 461, Hart ! in Swift River course, near Hope Bay ; near Troy,
2600ft.; Harris \ Middle Quartos, Farquharson 1 Pedro, St. Ann, Sir II.
Blake I ¥1. Jam. 8555,8829. — Cuba, Hispaniola, Porto Pico, Guadeloupe,
Dominica, Martinique, Grenada, Trinidad, Mexico, Nicaragua, B. Guiana,
Surinam.

Sh m leafy, somewhat thick, 8 mm. br., shrivelling to 5 or 6 mm. in
drying ; internodes 3-5-10 cm. 1. Leaves 10-20 cm. 1., 5-10 cm. br., nerves
numerous, prominent in drying. Racemes axillary, with G or 7 sessile
flowers, to 15 cm. 1. Bracts usually 1-3-2-5 cm. 1., sometimes to 8 cm. 1.
Ovary | as long as sepals, or nearly as long, cylindrical. Flowers greenish,
with white lip with orange-yellow crest, perianth lf-2 in. 1. Sepals and
petals lanceolate to lanceolate-oblong, somewhat obtuse, 5 cm. 1., to 1*5
cm. br. Lip 3-lobed, nearly as long as sepals and petals, united to column
only a short distance at base (about 5 mm.) ; lateral lobes oblong, obtuse,
median lobe spreading and then erect, ovate-oblong, subacute ; disk
3-keeled, without a tuft of hairs, 4-5 cm. 1., about 3 cm. br. (when flattened
out). Column 2-5-3 cm. 1. Capsule slender, elongate-linear, slightly
tapering at apex, not fragrant, 12-18 cm. 1.

3. V. Wrightii Beichb. f. in Flora xhiii. 273 (1865); leaves
shorter than the internodes, ovate or elliptical, shortly acuminate,
shortly stalked, papery. — Griseb. Cat. Cub. 267 ; Bolfe op. cit.
454 ; Cogn. op. cit. 321. V. claviculata Lindl. in Ann. & Mag.
Nat. Hist., ser. 3, i. 334 (1858), non Sw. Vanillas piperis arbori
jamaicensis innascens PluJc. Aim. 381, t. 320,/. 4. (PL 2, f. 17.)

Climbing over trees; in fl. March, in fr. August;' Mt. Airey, near
Mt. Moses, 2300 ft., J.P. 2088, Symel Bull Head, Hart\ Tweedside; Mt.
Moses, 2200 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7885.— Cuba, Trinidad, B. Guiana,
Surinam.

Stem leafy, slender, 3-4 mm. br., shrivelling to 2 mm. in drying; inter-
nodes 5-10 cm. 1. ; roots 2-4 from the same node. Leaves, nerves numerous,
prominent in drying; blade 4-7 cm. ]., 2-3 '3 cm. br., stalk 5-12 mm. 1.
Racemes axillary, with 5, or more, sessile flowers, to 7 cm. 1. Bracts trian-
gular, obtuse, half-clasping, 5-7 mm. 1. Ovary about J as long as sepals,
cylindrical. Floivers, perianth 2-2^ in. 1., with dark reddish sepals (in
bud reddish-brown). Sepals elliptical-lanceolate, obtuse, 4- 7 to about
5 cm. 1., 8-9 mm. br. Petals keeled, 4-7 cm. 1., 7 mm. br. Lip entire,
united to column about 2 cm. above base, roundish-obovate, shortly acute,
margin crenulate, with ramentaceous hairs on the disk especially along
the central line, about as long as the sepals. Column 3- 7 cm. 1., hairy
below the stigma, winged on each side of anther. Anther somewhat
rectangular in outline. Capsule elongate, linear, somewhat flattened,
slender, slightly tapering at apex, 12-14 cm. 1., 4 mm. br.

Reichenbach describes the lip as " apice bilobulo (disco lsevi?)";
Grisebach as " barba destituto," and Rolfe as "disco leevi." Wright,
quoted by Lindley, says of his Cuban specimen (672) : ' ' Flowers light dull
red. Labellum light-yellow with a white margin. Column adhering to
the labellum more than half its length, reddish towards the base."

VANILLA 19

4. V. phseantha Beichb.f. op. cit. 274 ; leaves about as long as
the internodes, oblong, tapering to an acute apex, with very short
stalk, clasping at the base, fleshy ; flowers 2|— 3^ in. 1. ; capsule
linear-cylindrical, somewhat flattened, tapering to base.— Bolfe
op. cit. 464. Oogn. op. cit. 323. Y. planifolia, var. macrantha
Griseb. loc. cit. (PI. 2, f. 20.)

In fl. May ; Askenish, 800 ft., near Dolphin Head, Harris ! Fl. Jam.
10,489. — Cuba, Bahamas, St. Vincent, Trinidad.

Stem leafy, thick, 5-8 mm. br. when dry ; internodes 13 to 14 cm. 1.
Leaves several-nerved, (when dry), 2-5-3 cm. br. Raceme with several
flowers, 3-5 cm. 1. Bracts ovate, acute, 6-14 mm. 1., 4-8 mm. br. Flowers
fleshy, perianth 3 \ in. 1. Ovary cylindrical, slightly 2-angled, 5 cm. 1.,
6-7 mm. br. Sepals oblanceolate, about 11-veined ; lateral somewhat
acute, slightly falcate, 8"2-8*8 cm. 1., 1*6-1'8 cm. br. ; median somewhat
blunt, 8 * 5-9 ■ 1 cm. 1. , 1 • 7 cm. br. Petals about 10-nerved, distinctly broadly
keeled, 8* 1-8- 7 cm. 1., 1"2-1'4 cm. br. Lip attached to column almost to
its apex, limb very broadly ovate, apex refuse, apiculate just below the
apex on the back, distinctly keeled aloDg the back, the keel ending in a
long mucro at 5 mm. below the apex, nerves prominent in the tube and on
disk, with a tuft of transverse, flat, toothed crests pointing downwards
opposite the column near the apex, margin somewhat curled and crenulate,
8' 1-8*3 cm. 1., about 4-5 cm. br. Column 6*3 cm. 1., bearded below the
stigma ; in the specimen examined 3 anthers are present, in the lateral
one cell incomplete. Capsule (unripe), 8 cm. 1., 1*2 cm. br.

[Y. planifolia Andrews Bot. Bep. viii. 538 (1808); leaves
like those of V. phseantha ; flowers 2 in. 1. ; capsule slender. —
Bauer III. Orch., Gen. it. 10, 11 ; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orcli. 435;
Griseb. Fl. Br. W. lad. 638 ; Bolfe op. cit. 463 ; Cogn. op. cit. 322 ;
Salisb. Ic. ined. vi. foL 582, 591.

S.E. Mexico, Yucatan, B. Honduras, Guatemala, Costa Rica.

Stem leafy, somewhat thick, shrivelling to 5 or 6 mm. in drying ;
internodes 8 or 9 cm. 1. Leaves longer than the internodes, with short
thick stalks, oblong to subovate-oblong, acute or shortly acuminate, thick
and fleshy, nerves obscure in fresh specimens; 10-18 cm. 1., 4-6 cm. br. ;
stalks half-clasping, about 1 cm. 1. Racemes axillary, many-flowered
(to 14), 5-7 cm. 1. Bracts oblong, subacute or obtuse, 5-10 mm. 1.
Flowers greenisb-yellow, perianth 2 in. 1. Sepals and petals oblong-
oblanceolate, somewhat obtuse, about 5 cm. 1. Lip convolute, attached
by its margins to the column almost to its apex, with longitudinal
crenulate keels, and a hairy tuft in the tube pointing downwards ; some-
what 3-lobed above, apex refuse; with revolute margin, somewhat longer
than the sepals. Column hairy anteriorly, about 3 cm. 1. Capsule long,
linear, 15-25 cm. 1.

This species furnishes the best " vanilla beans " of commerce,
and is cultivated to some extent in Jamaica. It may conse-
quently occur here and there, in a naturalised state, producing
perfect fruit, as it has done in Hope Gardens without being
artificially pollinated, and on that account we have included it.

Miller's V. mexicana (Gard. Diet. ed. 8, 1768), as well as
Swartz's V. aromatica (in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 66, 1799 & in
Schrad. Journ. ii. 208, t. 1, fig. lb, 1799) was founded on Linnseus's

c 2

20 ORCHIDS OF JAMAIC V

Epidendrum Vanilla, and included the vanilla beans of commerce

and the leaves and flowers of another species.

The pods of both V. pompona Schiede and V. planifolia are
used in commerce, and as V. pompona is much more widely
spread than V. planifolia, it is probable that its pods were
more common in early times before cultivation was resorted to.
V. pompona is not so much cultivated at present as V. planifolia,
as its pods are not nearly so valuable commercially.

Judging from the habitat given by Miller for the plant
cultivated by him, from the thickness of the pod (" scarce an
inch broad "), and from the shape of the leaves " oblongo-ovatis,"
it seems more probable that his plant was V. pompona rather
than V. planifolia.

V. inodora Schiede has much the same distribution on the
mainland as V. pompona, and extends also to the West Indies.
The stem and leaves of this species may have been sent to
England as specimens of Vanilla, and certainly some of the
old drawings suggest V. inodora rather than V. pompona or
V. planifolia, e.g. Catesby's plate (Nat. Hist. Carol., App. t. 7),
which is quoted by Miller as his V. mexicana. Miller also
states in his generic description that the lip " runs out into a
long point," and this cannot apply to either V. pompona or V.
planifolia, but may well refer to V. inodora.]

[V. poinpona Schiede in Linnsea iv. 573 (1829) ; leaves and
flowers like those of V. phseantha but larger ; capsule thick,
somewhat 3-cornered in section. — Bolfe op. tit. 465 ; Cogn. op.
tit. 323. V. grandiflora Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 435 (1840).
Banille Merian PI. Ind, t. 25 (1768).

Trinidad, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, B. Guiana,
Surinam, Cayenne.

Like V. planifolia but larger. Leaves ovate-oblong, 14-25 cm. 1.,
5-11 cm. br. Racemes 6-8 fid., 2-5 crn. 1. Bracts broadly elliptico-
oblong, 10-18 mm. 1. Flowers greenisb-yellow, perianth 3| in. 1. Sepals
and petals 8-8 ■ 5 cm. 1. , oblong-lanceolate, subspathulate. L ip 9-9 ■ 5 cm. 1. ,
adnate to the column almost to the middle, constricted for some distance
below, limb obscurely 3-lobed, veins somewhat thick, with tuft pointing
downwards, median lobe broadly rounded, apex emarginate and apiculate.
Column hairy anteriorly, 6-7 cm. 1. Capsule linear-oblong, obtusely
3-cornered, 10-15 cm. 1.

The description of this species, which is cultivated in the Hope
Gardens, is inserted for comparison.]

4. PELEXIA Lindl.

Terrestrial herbs, with roots clustered. Leaves radical,
long-stalked, at base of a simple stem, with several sheaths.
Flowers of medium size, with very short stalks, in a somewhat
lax spike. Bracts narrow or lanceolate. Sepals, median erect,
connate with the petals ; lateral linear, connate at the base into

PELEXIA 21

a long linear spur-like appendage, partly open on the upper side,
adnate to ovary or half-free. Lip erect, concave, embracing the
column above, involute below the column and attached at its base
to the inside of the spur of the sepals. Column short, without a
foot ; stigma broad, at the base of the erect, long, subulate-
acuminate rostellum ; clinandrium short. Anther erect, behind
the rostellum, oblong-linear, cells contiguous ; pollinia narrow,
powdery-granular, on the dehiscence of the anther pendulous
from the apex of the rostellum. Capsule erect, ellipsoidal.

Species about 20, natives of tropical America, from the West Indies
and Central America to Brazil.

Sepals acute. Spur adnate 1. P. adnata.

Sepals produced into a loug, awn-like apex.

Spur half-free 2. P. setacea.

1. P. adnata Spreng. Syst. Hi. 704 (1826); flowers barely
^ in. 1. from apex of sepals to point of spur ; sepals acute ; spur
adnate to ovary almost to apex ; lip tubular below, terminal
lobe large, kidney- shaped. — Cogn. in Symb. Ant. vi. 329. P. spiran-
thoicles Lindl. Bot. Beg. t. 985 (1826) & Gen. & Sp. Orch. 481 ;
Griseb. Fl. Br W. Inch 642. Satyrium adnatum Siv. Proclr. 118
(1788). Neottia adnata Sw.Fl.Ind. Occ. 1409 (1805); Salisb.
Ic. ined. fol. 587.

In shady woods ; in fl. May ; Masson ! Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Porto Pico, Guadeloupe, St. Viucent, Grenada, Margarita.

Plant 1^ ft. high. Stem downy above, glabrous below, about 3 dm. 1.
Leaves 2 or 3, oval, acute, blade about 10 cm. 1., 5 cm. br. ; stalks red,
14 cm. 1., sheathing at the base. Sheaths coloured, shortly tubular below,
free part lanceolate, 4*5-2 cm. 1. Spike downy, many-flowered, somewhat
lax. Bracts linear-lanceolate, as long as the ovary, 10-17 mm. 1. Flowers
more or less erect, green or whitish. Sepals, lateral linear, somewhat
spreading, acute, 1-nerved, green outside, white inside, spotted, from
attachment at base of column about 6 mm. 1., about 1 mm. br. ; median
elliptical, obtuse, very concave, 3-nerved, pale green, about 6 mm. 1., (with
the attached petals) about 3 '5 mm. br. Petals linear, white, closely
attached to the median sepal, and nearly as long as it. Lip wThite, about
5-3 mm. 1. from base of column, terminal lobe 2 mm. 1., 3-6 mm. br.
Capsule 6-keeled, 1*5 cm. 1., *5 cm. br.

2. P. setacea Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 482 (1840) ; flowers
1^—2 in. 1. from apex of sepals to point of spur ; sepals
produced into a long awn-like apex ; spur half-free from ovary ;
lip oblong, broadening upwards, terminal lobe lanceolate,
fimbriate below, with awn-like apex. — Griseb. op. cit. 642 ;
Cogn. op. cit. 327. P. setacea var. glabra Cogn. in Fedde
Bepert. vii. 123 (1909). Neottia calcarata Hook, in Bot. Mag.
t. 3403 (1835). (PI. 2, f. 21, 22.)

In stony land in shade or woodland; in fl. and fr. Dec, Jan.; Mts.
above Negril, Purdie ! Moneague, Priori Jenmanl Stony Hill, J. P. 470,
Morris ! & Syme ! near Halls Delight, 1000 ft. ; Knapdale, near Browns
Town; Stony Hill, 1000 ft.; Harris \ Fl. Jam. 7077 (partly) 7863.—

22 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

Cayman l.rae, I'-ahamas, Cuba, 1 tispaniola, Porto Rico, Trinidad, Colombia,
Brazil.

Plant L5 18 in. high. Stem somewhat stout, downy above, glabrous

below, 3 dm. and over. Leaves 1 or 2, oval, acute, blade 11-15 em. 1.,
3-5 cm. br. ; stalks 12-18 cm. 1. Sheaths 1 or 2, radical, below the leaves,
scarious, 2-5 cm. 1. ; caulinc tubular below, free part triangular, acuminate,
2 ■'< em. 1. Spike downy, lax, with several llowers, 3-15 cm. 1. Bracts
ovate, apex acuminate, awn-like, 5-nerved, longer than the o\ary,
2-2'5 cm. 1., abcut -5 cm. br. Ovary spindle-shaped (with stalk) 2 cm. 1.
Floivers greenish-white. Sepals linear-lanceolate, 7-nerved below (from
point of attachment at base of column) 2*8 cm. 1., barely 2 mm. br.,
median 2 5 mm. br. ; spur tapering, obtuse. Petals similar to sepals,
attached throughout their length to the median sepal, nearly 2 cm. 1.,
1*4 mm. br. Lip white, many-nerved. Column (below stigma) 3 mm. 1.,
from base of column to apex of anther 9 mm. 1. Capsule broadly
ellipsoidal, with six shallow keels, dehiscing at some little distance below
the apex, 2 cm. 1., 8 mm. br.

Var. glabra Cogn. is based on Harris Fl. Jam. 7863, the author says
" scapus usque ad apicem glaberrimus," but all the specimens which we
have seen bear the usual pubescence.

icr

5. STENORRHYNCOS Spren

Terrestrial herbs, root fibres generally fleshy, clustered, with
radical leaves, or flowering sterns leafless. Leaves elliptical to
ligulate, radical, tapering at base into long stalks which are
flattish, concave, sheathing at base. Flowers medium size to
small, in a spike. Sepals free, subequal ; median erect, cohering
with the petals ; lateral obliquely affixed at the apex of the
ovary, and decurrent with the column, produced at the base into
a chin or distinct spur, erect. Lip sessile or clawed, erect, con-
cave, embracing the column and sometimes adherent to it,
spreading at the apex, entire or indistinctly 3-lobed, without
calli. Column terete, at the base with a long foot ; stigma broad
under the erect, long rostellum ; clinandrium posteriorly short,
margins sometimes raised and continuous with the rostellum.
Anther erect, oblong-lanceolate, 2-celled ; pollinia powdery-granu-
lar, pendulous from a gland of the rostellum. Capsule obovoid
or ellipsoidal, 3-keeled.

Species about 25, natives of tropical America.

Leaves, several, elliptical 1. S. speciosus.

Leaves, 1 or 2, or wanting during flowering season.
Plant with glandular-pubescent hairs. Perianth

J-§ in. 1. Spur about J length of ovary 2. S. lanceolatus.

Plant scurfy with white scales. Perianth 1-1^

in. 1. Spur about § length of ovary 3. S. squamulosus.

1. S. speeiosus Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. ill (1840); plant
glabrous ; leaves several, elliptical ; bracts crimson or rosy-pink,
elliptical, acuminate, nerves 3, lateral branching, nearly as long-
as or longer than the flower ; perianth crimson or rosy-pink,
f-f in. 1. ; sepals forming a short chin. — Griseb. Fl. Br. W.

STENORRHYNCOS 23

Ind. 642. Cardamornum minus pseudo-asphodel i foliis Shane
Cat. 61 & Hist. i. 166, t. 103, /. 3. Neottia speciosa Jacq.
Collect, in. 174 (1789) & Ic. PI. Bar. ill. t. 600 (1786-1793) ; Sw.
Fl. Ind. Occ. 1400 ; Hook. Exot. FL tt. 3 & 4 ; Salisb. Ic. hied. fol.
586, 587.

On banks and in rocky places in damp woods ; in fl. Oct. -Feb. ;
Guanaboa, Sloane, Herb. iii. 38, iv. 115*! Shakespearl Bancroft ! Browns
Town, Purclie ! Fairfield, Wullschlaegel, 1075 ! Mt. Moses, 2500 ft., J.P.
2059, Syme ! Clydesdale, Moore ! Cinchona, 5000 ft. ; Holly Mount, Mt.
Diabolo, 2600 ft.; Harris ! FL Jam. 7632, 7640, 7757, 8872, 9893.—
Cuba, Porto Rico, Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia,
Venezuela.

Plant 9 in. to nearly 2 ft. high, witb thick, clustered roots. Scape
erect, somewhat stout, 2 '5-6 dm. 1. Leaves acute, with several nerves,
6-17 cm. 1., 3 • 5-6 cm. br. , stalks 3 ■ 5-10 cm. 1. (incl. sheath) . Sheaths several at
base, 5-7 above, membranous, lax ; free portion lanceolate, acuminate ; upper
red ; 4-8 cm. 1. Spike erect, dense, somewhat one-sided, generally short,
4-11 cm. 1. Bracts 3*5-2 cm. 1. Ovary oblong, tapering to base, oblique
at apex, 3-ribbed, purplish. Floioers numerous. Sepals slightly spreading
at apex, nerves 3, sometimes branching ; lateral oblong-lanceolate to
narrowly lanceolate, acute to acuminate, 1*6-2 cm. 1., about 4*5 mm. br. ;
median oblong, subacuminate, to triangular-lanceolate, concave, 1*25-1 "5
cm. 1., about 4*5 mm. br. Petals 3-nerved, oblong tapering to an acute
apex, or linear-lanceolate, slightly falcate, oblique at base and there
attached both to median and lateral sepals, 1*25-1*5 cm. 1., 2*5-3 mm. br.
Lip 7-nerved, pubescent on the disk, shortly pubescent on the lower face,
somewhat rhornboidal, with a recurved oblong acute or lanceolate apex,
concave, slightly saccate at each side at base, 1*25-1*85 cm. 1., about
5 cm. br. Column 3*5 mm. 1. from junction with lip to attachment of
anther, 1*1 cm. to apex of rostellum ; rostellurn obovate, with a long
beaked apex (beak 3*5 mm. 1.), pubescent below the stigma, 2-winged below,
wings united with stalk of anther. Anther 5-6 mm. 1., ovate-lanceolate,
shortly stalked.

2. S. laneeolatus Griseb. Joe. cit. ; plant with glandular-
pubescent hairs ; leaves glabrous, 1 or 2, ligulate or elliptical-
lanceolate, often disappearing before flowering ; bracts lanceolate
to linear-lanceolate, long acuminate, nerves 3, lateral branching,
about as long as the ovary ; perianth dirty yellow, between h and
^ in. 1. ; spur not more than half as long as ovary, bluntly oblong,
apex obtuse, almost wTholly adnate to ovary, not more than about
1 mm. free. — S. orchioides Lindl. op. cit. 477 (in part). Helleborine
purpurea &c. Plum. PL Amer. (Burm.) 176, t. 181,/. 2. Limo-
dorum lanceolatum Aubl. PL Gulan. ii. 821 (1775). Satyrium
Orchioides Sw. Prodr. 118 (1788). Neottia Orchioides Sw. FL
Ind. Occ. 1411, t, 28, fig. a. b. (1806). (PI. 3, f. 22.)

On banks amongst grass; in fl. and fr., March and April; Mac-
fadyenl Distinl Port Royal Mts., Purdiel Fairfield, Wullschlaegel, 1382
(in part) ! Mt. Moses, 2800 ft., J.P. 2400, Syme ! below Vinegar Hill,
Portland, 3000 ft. ; Mt. Airy, 2000 ft. ; Hams ! Fl. Jam. 7876.— Cuba,
Bahamas, Hispaniola, Antigua, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St.
Lucia, St. Vincent, Barbados, Grenada, Trinidad, Mexico, Guatemala,
Colombia, Brazil, Argentine, Paraguay.

24 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

Plant 1 ft.-2 ft. 4 in. liigh, with thick, clustered roots. Scape erect,
somewhat stout, glandular-pubescent above, glabrescent below, -J* 5-6* 5
dm. 1. I.nirrs acute, entire, with several nerves and reticulate veins, 7 20
cm. 1., 1'8-2'S em. br. ; stalk 1-5 cm. 1. (including sheath). Sheaths
Beveral at base, 5or6above; free portion ovate, acute, below, to acuminate,
above; glabrous, 2 '■'< 5 cm. 1. Spike erect, short or elongate, glandular-
pubescent, I 8 cm 1. Bracts \) 13 mm. 1., to 2 '75 mm. hi-., sparsely
glandular-pubescent, and sometimes margin ciliolate. Ovary obovate-
oblong, very ohlique at the apex, slightly glandular-pubescent, or glabrescent.
Flowers close together. Sepals glandular-puhescent outside ; lateral
5-ncrved, lanceolate, acute, greatest length about 1*5 cm. 1., length
anteriorly about 1 cm. 1., 2*5-3 mm. br. ; median 7-nerved, triangular-
lanceolate, acute, about 1 cm. 1., 3* 2-4* 2 mm. br. Petals 7-nerved, oblong,
tapering above middle to apex, subacute, somewhat falcate, about as long
as the median sepal, 2-2-2-75 mm. br. Lip several-nerved, dilated and
saccate about tbe middle ; oblong, acute above, below convolute, slightly
tapering to base ; pubescent below the middle on inside, and on outside on
margin, lighter in colour than sepals and petals, 12-14 mm. 1., 3 '2-4- 5 mm.
br. in middle, 2-5 mm. br. in lower portion. Column 6-7 mm. to apex of
rostellum ; beak of rostellum about 4 mm. 1. Anther sessile at base of
column, about 4 mm. 1. Capsule with a few scattered hairs, 1-1-2 cm. 1.,
5 mm. br.

3. S. squamulosus comb. nov. ; plant scurfy with white scales ;
leaves wanting during flowering, according to Macfadyen (ride
Grisebach) " serotinous, long, broadly lanceolate, pointed " ; bracts
lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat longer than
the ovary, 3-5-nerved with reticulate veins ; perianth brick-red
colour, 1-1 ^ in. 1. ; spur about § as long as ovary, ovate, apex
obtuse, free from ovary near apex, 2-3 mm. free. — S. orchioides
Lindl. loc. cit. (in part) ; Griseb. loc. cit. Neottia squamulosa
H. B. & K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. i. 332, t. 71 (1815). N. orchioides
Sims Bot. Mag. t. 1036 (1807), non Sic; Bot. Beg. t. . 701 ;
Salisb. Ic. ined.fol. 585. (PI. 3, f. 21.)

On dry banks; in fl. and fr. April, May; St. Mary; Pedro, St. Ann. ;
Port Royal Mts. ; Purdie ! Shepherd ! Wilson ! Fairfield, Wullschlaegel
1382 (in part)! Liguanea Plain, J. P. 8, Morris ! Campbelll Chapelton,
Fawcettl Cinchona, Harris 1 -Fl. Jam. 10,395, 10,396, 10,410, 10,496.—
Cuba, Colombia.

Plant 1-2 ft. high, with clustered thick fleshy roots. Scape erect,
somewhat stout, scurfy with white scales, 3-6 dm. 1. Sheaths several at
the base, 5-8 above, free portion ovate, acute below, acuminate above,
sometimes scurfy, 2*5-4-5 cm. 1. Spike erect, long, scurfy, 6-14 cm. 1.
Bracts scurfy, sometimes with ciliolate margin, 16-23 mm. 1., 3*5-6 mm.
br. Ovary oblong, tapering to base and apex, oblique at apex, scurfy.
Flowers shortly stalked, crowded towards the apex of the spike. Sepals
scurfy outside; lateral 5-nerved, lanceolate, long acuminate, very oblique
and decurrent at the base, greatest length 2-2*35 cm. 1., 8-3*5 mm. br. ;
median 5-nerved, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 1-5-1-75 cm. 1., 3-5-4-5
mm. br. Petals 5-7 nerved, oblong-lanceolate, subacute, somewhat
falcate, about as long as the median sepal, 2*5-3 mm. br. Lip several-
nerved, dilated and saccate about the middle, lanceolate, acumiuate,
above ; below convolute, linear ; pubescent below the middle on inside
and on outside on margin, 2-2 35 cm. 1., 5-6 mm. br. in middle.
Column about 11 mm. to apex of rostellum. Capsule scurfy, 1*1-
1*3 cm. 1.

SPIRANTHES 25

6. SPIRANTHES L. C. Rich.

Terrestrial herbs, roots fibrous or tuberous, stems leafy or
the flowering leafless. Leaves linear, ovate or elliptical. Flowers
small, secund, in often twisted spikes. Sepals free, subequal,
median erect, cohering with the petals ; lateral gibbous at the
base. Lip sessile or clawed, erect, concave, embracing the column
and often adherent to it, spreading at the apex, entire or 3-lobed,
base concave, sometimes with calli inside. Column short, terete,
base generally decurrent on the ovary ; stigma broad under the
rostellum, which is erect, obtuse, or elongate ; clinandrium short,
margins sometimes raised and continuous with the rostellum.
Anther erect, ovate or oblong, 2 celled ; pollinia powdery -granular,
pendulous from a gland of the rostellum. Capsule ellipsoidal,
erect.

Species about 85, widely dispersed through the north temperate
zone and tropical Asia and America to Chile.

Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, gener-
ally decaying before flowering 1. S. tortilis. ..,

Leaves ovate or elliptical, present during , sT'

flowering.

Leaves all radical 2. S. elata.

Leaves radical and along the stem ... 3. S. Faivcettii.

1. S. tortilis L. C. Mich, in Mem. Mus. Par. iv. 59 (1817)
(in part, excl. S. quadridentata) ; leaves radical, generally decaying
before flowering, linear or linear-lanceolate, erect, clasping at
base, elongate ; lip shortly clawed, ovate-elliptical, scarcely
3-lobed, slightly cordate at base, emarginate at apex, margin of
upper half curled, crenulate, with numerous nerves, median
nerve prominent below, with two conical calli at base, green
shaded off into white at margin. — Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 468 ;
Griseb. Fl. Br. W. hid. 640 ; Gogn. in Symb. Ant. vi. 342.
S. apiculata Lindl. op. cit. 474. Satyrium spirale Sw. Prodr.
118 (1788). Neottia tortilis Sw. in Vet. Hand!, Stockh. 1800,
226, & FL Lid. Occ. in. 1406, t. 28,/. g, h. (PI. 3, f. 1-5.)

On damp shady banks and in pastures ; in fl. and fr. March- June ;
Hollis Savanna, Clarendon ; Guy's Hill, St. Mary ; Purdie ! Fairfield,
Wullschlaegel, 1067! Hanover, J. P. 2312, Morris ! Cinchona, 1900 ft.,
Moore I Castleton, 490 ft., Fawcettl Harris ! Farm Hill, Miss D. Gossctl
below Vinegar Hill, Portland, 3000 ft. ; between Cinchona and Morse's
Gap, 4900 ft.; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7314, 7853, 9553, 10,495.— Louisiana,
Florida, Bermuda, Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, St. Thomas,
Antigua, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia, Grenada, Trinidad.

Plant 1-1£ ft. high. Scape erect, slender, sparsely pubescent near apex,
glabrous below, 2-4 dm. Leaves striate, smooth, to 3 dm. Sheaths 6 or 7,
tubular below, free portion lanceolate, acute, 3-1 cm. 1. Sjnke erect,

26 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

spirally twisted, Bomewhal dense, puberulous, 8 L3 cm. 1. Flowers on
one side of spike, nodding, white, perianth •', j in. 1. Bracts puberulous,
ovate, subacuminate, as Long as, or longer than, the ovary, 6-7 mm. 1.
Ovarii pubescent, broader above. Srjxils slightly puberulous, white,
8-nerved, lateral oblique at base, ohlong tapering to an obtuse apex,
5 mm. 1.. neatly 2 mm. br. : median elliptical, obtuse, I •"> 6 nun. 1., 2 mm. br.
P( tals 3-nerved, oblong, apex rounded, slightly tapering to base, as long as
the median sepal, white. Lip 5*5 mm. 1., 3*75 mm. br. Column \er\
short, green ; rostellum and clinandrium connected by broad wings,
rostellum on removal of linear gland with pollinia, 2-dentate. Authrr
ovate, cordate, somewhat acute, sessile, brown. Capsule 1 -6 mm. 1., 3-4
mm. br.

2. S. elata L. C. Midi. Joe cit. ; leaves glabrous, radical, long
stalked, oval, elliptical or oblong, erect, somewhat abruptly acute,
tapering somewhat abruptly into the stalks, whicli are rather
Hattish-concave, dilated and clasping at base ; lip, lower half
somewhat fiddle-shaped with rounded corners, 5-nerved, abruptly
contracted above into a neck and then expanding into a
roundish or transversely elliptical apical lobe, minutely curled
and crenulate, rather broader than the lowrer half, base slightly
saccate with a pair of short calli, white, faintly tinged with pink
or with faint tinge of brown at apex and striped with green
about middle. — Lindl. op. cit. 470 ; Griseb. op. cit. 641 ; Cogn. op.
cit. 336 (excl. syn. Sloane and Browne) & under S. bicolor Lindl.
(as regards Jamaican spec). Satyrium elatum Sw. Prodr. 119
(1788). Neottia elata Sw. in Vet. Handl. Stochh. 1800, 226 & Fl.
Lid. Occ. 1403; Bot. Mag. t. 2026. P. spiranthoides Griseb. Cat.
Cub. 269 (1866) (non Lindl. nee Griseb. Fl,). (PL 3, f. 10-14.)
Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On stone walls, on rocky banks and in peaty soil in woodland ;
in fl. and fr. Feb.-April; Macfaydenl Distinl Manchester and St. Ann,
Purdie ! Bethabara, Wullschlaegcl, 1073, 1074 ! Prior ! near Cinchona
J. P. 36; Portland Gap, 5550 ft. J. P. 235 (somewbat abnormal) ; Mt. Moses,
2500 ft. J.P. 2191 ; lowlands, J. P. 472 ; Morris ! near Browns Town, Miss
T. M. Barrcttl Green River, Sullivanl Knapdale, near Browns Town,
1000 ft.; near Mabess River, 4000 ft. ; near Tweedside, south St. Andrew,
2500 ft, ; near John Crow Peak, 5500 ft. ; Wallenford, 2500 ft. ; Holly
Mount, Mt. Diabolo, 2400 ft. ; Newhaven Gap, 56C0 ft. ; between Cinchona
and Morse's Gap, 4900 ft. ; near Morse's Gap, 4500 ft. ; Iron Face, Chester
Vale, 3500 ft. ; Harris] Fl. Jam. 7077 (partly), 7631, 7845, 7856, 7857, 7882,
8910, 10,458, 10,492, 10,497.— Bahamas, Cuba (Wright 624, 3293 in Herb.
Mus. Brit.), Hispaniola, Porto Rico, St. Thomas, St. Croix, Tortola, St.
Martin, Antigua, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Grenada, Trinidad, Venezuela,
B. Guiana, Brazil, Argentine.

Plant 6 in. to 2 ft. high, with clustered, thick, fleshy root-fibres. Scape
erect, somewhat slender, pubescent above, glabrate below, 1*5-4 dm. 1.
Leaves 2-6; blade 3-13 cm. 1., 1*5-5*5 cm. br. ; stalks 2-7 cm. 1. Sheaths
5-7, free portion oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 7-1 cm. 1. Spike
erect, loosely spirally twisced, sometimes somewhat secund, puberulous,
2-18 cm. 1. Flowers very shortly stalked, nodding, perianth \-\ in. L,
green or brownish-green. Bracts glabrate, dotted, oblong-lanceolate,
acuminate, longer than the ovary, 8-12 mm. 1., about 2 mm. br. Ovary

SPIRANTHES 27

sparsely puberulous, cylindrical. Sepals green or brownish-green, puberu-
lous, dotted, 1 -nerved, sligbtly gibbous at base ; lateral linear-oblong,
dilated and oblique at base, slightly falcate, tapering to a somewhat obtuse
apes, 5-7 mm. 1., -75-1-3 mm. br., expanding to 15-1 -8 at base; median
oblong, tapering to a somewhat obtuse apex, 4-75-6 mm. 1., 1-3-1 "5 mm.
br. Petals brownish-green or green with pinkish tips, dotted, 1-nerved,
oblanceolate with rounded apex, shorter than median sepal, 4-5 5 mm. 1.,
•6-*75 mm. br. Lip 5-63 mm. 1., 1-6-2-5 mm. br. below; neck about
1 mm. 1. and 1 mm. br. Column pubescent on the upper half anteriorly,
to base of anther 1-1-4 mm. 1., to apex of rostellum 3 '2-3 '6 mm. 1.
Anther ovate-elliptical, subsessile. Capsule 8-9 mm. 1., 4 mm. br.

3. S. Faweettii Cogn. in Fedde Repert. vii. 123 (1909) ; leaves
conspicuously 3-nerved with ascending connecting branches, ovate,
sometimes subcordate, obtuse to subacute, long-stalked, glabrous,
stalks long, flattish-concave, sheathing at the base ; lip 3-nerved,
lateral nerves with 1 or 2 branches, oblong, suddenly contracting
near apex and with somewrhat square corners there, pilose inside
about the middle of oblong part, apical lobe rounded-kidney-
shaped, with small crenulations on margin, striped with green. —
Sauroglossum tenue Lindl. in Ann. & Mag. Nat. H'st. (1858)
334 ; Griseb. op. tit. 642. (PI. 3, f. 6-9.)

In shade, in leaf-mould in woods and amongst mosses on rocky banks ;
in fl. and fr. April ; Pedro, St. Ann, Purdie ! near Mabess River, 3500 ft. ;
Cascade, 3000 ft., 2500 ft. ; between Cinchona and Morse's Gap, 4900 ft. ;
Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7877, 7879, 10,493.— Cuba, Porto Rico.

Plant 2^-8^ in. high, leafy in the lower portion, with few sheaths, and
tuberous roots. Scape erect, somewhat weak, pubescent above, glabrous
below, 4-16 cm. 1. Leaves, blade 1-5-3-5 cm. ]., 1-2 cm. br. ; stalks 1-5-4
cm. 1. Sterile sheathing bracts generally 3 (2-4), loose, free part lanceolate,
acuminate, 2-2*5 cm. 1. Spike erect, short, pubescent, 1-3 cm. 1. Flowers
sessile, erect or spreading, perianth about | in. 1., greenish-white. Bracts
oblong-subulate, 1-nerved, glabrous, dotted, as long as, or a little longer
than the ovary, the lower 1*2 cm. 1., nearly 3 mm. br. Ovary linear-
oblong, slightly pubescent towards the apex, 7 mm. 1. Sepals pubescent
at the base, greenish-white ; lateral linear, spathulate, with one nerve
which is slightly prominent on the outside, oblique and somewhat gibbous
at the base, free, dotted, about 8 mm. 1., about 1 mm. br., 1-4 mm. near
apex; median oblong, with obtuse apex, 1-nerved, dotted, about 8 mm. 1.,
1-6 mm. br. Petals linear-spathulate, dilated at base, acute, with margin
slightly denticulate near apex, somewhat shorter than median sepal,
striped with brown, nearly 8 mm. 1., -5 mm. br., *75 mm. br. near apex.
Lip about 9 mm. 1., 2 mm. br., apical lobe nearly 4 mm. br. Column long,
about 4 mm. 1. to junction of anther, about 6 mm. to apex of rostellum ;
rostellum with 2 acuminate membranous lobes. Anther subsessile.
Capsule about 1 cm. 1.

7. ERYTHRODES Blume.

Terrestrial leaf)T herbs. Roots thickish, clustered at base of
stem and from the nodes in the lower part of the stem. Stem
ascending or erect, simple, sometimes prostrate and rooting in
the lower portion, often pubescent above. Leaves stalked, ovate

28 0R< HIDS OF JAMAICA

or lanceolate, membranous, with many converging nerves with
netted veins. Flowers small or minute, subsessile, in ;i lax or

dense terminal spike which is often elongate. Sepals subequal,
free, erect or somewhat spreading. Petals cohering with the
median concave sepal. Lip erect from the l>ase of the column
which it embraces, produced beiow into a descending obtuse
spur. Column short ; stigma at the base of the erect rostellum.
Anther erect, shortly acuminate, cells contiguous, distinct; pollinia
granular, pendulous from an oblong gland of the rostellum, which
is deeply 2-fid on the fall of the pollinia. Capsule oblong or
ellipsoidal.

Species about 60, natives of the warmer regions of America
and Asia.

The name Erythrodes (Blume Bijdr. Flor. Ned. Ind. 410,
t. 72, 1825) must be adopted for this genus, — Physurus (L. C.
Rich, in Mem. Mus. Par. iv. 55, 1818) being a nomen nudum.
We cannot follow Schlechter (Schum. & Lauterb. Nachtr.
Fl. Deutsch. Siidsee, 87) in separating as Erythrodes the Old
World species as a distinct genus from the species of the New
World. His distinction rests on the bilobed character of the
spur in the Old World species, which in our opinion is
insufficient. The habit of the species from both hemispheres is
similar, and the general structure of the flowers also closely
corresponds. In the West Indian species, E. plantaginea, the
spur sometimes shows an indication of lobing in a slight median
depression.

Perianth, including spur, about ■£ in. 1 1. E. plantaginea.

Perianth, including spur, about J in. 1.

Plant more or less hairy (except leaves).

Lip with a lunate apical lobe 2. E. hirtella.

Plant glabrous. Lip with a roundish 3-
lobed apex, the middle lobe long and
narrow 3. E. jamaicensis.

1. E. plantaginea comb. nov. ; stem trailing along the ground,
attaining a length of 6 ft. and emitting roots at the nodes like
Vanilla, stout, leafy and glabrous below, slender, hairy, and with
a few scales above ; leaves glabrous, oval-elliptical, shortly
acuminate, tapering into the stalk, sometimes the uppermost leaf
much smaller in transition to the sheaths ; lip oblong, concave,
enclosing the column, with an apical, ovate, often crenulate lobe
(but the lip appears to be sometimes undivided), 5— 7-nerved. —
Physurus plantagineus Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orclt. 503 (1840) ;
Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 643 ; Cogn. in Sytnb. Ant. vi. 346.
Orchis elatior &c. Shane Cat. 119 & Hist. i. 250. t, 147, /. 2.
Satyrium plantagineum L. Syst. ed. 10, 1244 (1759); Sw. Obs.
Bot. 320; Salisb. Ic. ined. fol. 585. Orchis plantaginea Sw. in
Vet. Handl. Stockh. xxi. 207 (1800). (PI. 3, f. 15.) '

EEYTHEODES 29

In damp soil in woods ; in fl. and fr. Nov.-April ; INIt. Diabolo, Sloane
Herb. iv. 116 ! Hector's River, Manchester, Purdie ! Fairfield, Wullschlaegel,
1072! Mt. Moses, 2500 ft. J. P. 2034, Symel John Crow Peak, Moore \
Mt. Diabolo, Fawcett & Harris ! near Mabess River, 3000 ft. ; Moody's
Gap, 3000 ft. ; near Woodcutter's Gap, 4000 ft. ; Morse's Gap. 5000 ft. ;
near Hardware Gap, 4200 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7175, 7573, 7837, 7875,
7886, 9794, 10,101, 10,129. — Cuba, Porto Rico, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts,
Guadaloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Grenada, Trinidad.

Plant, erect portion 1 to 2 ft. high. Stem, erect portion 3-6 dm. 1.
Leaves, blade 6-12 cm. 1., 3-5-5 cm. br. Sheaths tubular below, free part
triangular, shortly acuminate, 3-nerved, glabrous, 2*5-1 cm. 1. Spike
hairy, with numerous flowers, cylindrical, 5-17 cm. 1. Bracts triangular,
acuminate, hairy, 1-nerved, concave, lower 1 cm. 1. ; becoming smaller
upwards. Flowers white (including spur), about \ in. 1. Ovary tapering
downwards, shortly stalked, very hairy, (with stalk) 6 -5-8 mm. 1. Sepals
oblong to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 1-nerved, hairy; lateral slightly
oblique, 6-7*5 mm. 1., 1*6-1 '9 mm. br. ; median 6-7 mm. 1., 2*5 mm. br.
Petals oblanceolate-linear, obtuse or acute, slightly oblique, rounded at
base, 1-nerved, as long as the median sepal, maximum breadth 1*5 mm.
Lip about 5*5 mm. 1., 2 mm. br. Spur ellipsoidal, not as long as ovary,
3*5-5 mm. 1., 1*6-2 mm. br. Column (including rostelium) about 4*5
mm. 1. Capsule ellipsoidal, with 6 shallow keels, 8 mm. 1., 3 mm. br.

2. E. hirtella comb. nov. ; stem somewhat sparsely pilose, with
several leaves crowded at the base ; leaves glabrous, ovate to
lanceolate, tapering into the stalk, the leaves near the middle
the largest, those above and below smaller ; lip oblong, with an
apical lunate lobe, apex mucronate. — -Physurus hirtellus Lindl.
op. cit. 501 (1840); Griseb. op. cit. 642; Cogn. in Symb. Ant.
vi. 347. Satyrium hirtellum Sic. Prodr. 118 (1788). Orchis
hirtella Sw. in Vet. Handl. Stochli. xxi. 207 (1800) & Fl. Ind.
Occ. Hi. 1394 (1805). (PL 3, f. 16-19.)

In damp places in woodland ; in fl. and fr. April ; Maefadyen ! March !
Mt. Moses, 2500 ft., J.P. 2107, Symel near Mabess River, 3000 ft.,
Harris ! Fl. Jam. 8110 (fide Cogn.) 9010.— Cuba, Porto Rico, St. Eustatius,
Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Grenada,
Trinidad.

Plant 9-12 in. high. Stem 2-2*5 dm. 1. Leaves 5-6 cm. 1., 1*5-2*5
mm. br. Sheaths 2-3, tubular below, free part oblong, acute, 1-2 cm. 1.,
glabrous. Spike hairy, many-flowered, less than 4 cm. 1., elongating in
fruit to 15 cm. Flowers white, shortly stalked, erect-spreading, (including
spur) about ^ in. 1. Bracts lanceolate, acuminate, 4-6*5 mm. 1. Ovary
somewhat clavate, hairy, including stalk 6 mm. 1. Sepals 1-nerved, ovate-
oblong, obtuse, sparsely hairy, green tipped with white, 3*5 mm. 1. ; lateral
1 mm. br., median broader. Petals linear-oblanceolate, obtuse, 1-nerved,
3 mm. 1., about *75 mm. br. Lip about 3 mm. 1. Spur oblong, 1*5 mm. 1.
Capsule oblong, tapering to base, 6-keeled, sparsely hairy, 8 mm. 1.,
2*5-3 mm. br.

3. E. jamaieensis comb. nov. ; stem glabrous, leafy nearly to
apex ; leaves lanceolate, acute, stalked, highest leaf quite small,
succeeded by one or two scarious bract-like sheaths ; lip 3-nerved,
constricted below the middle, upper portion broadly roundish in
outline, 3-lobed, lateral lobes somewhat semicircular, middle lobe

30 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

subulate, lower portion somewhat ovate, very concave, somewhat

cordate at base. -Physurus jamaicensis Fain-. <(• Rendle hi Joum.

Bot. xlvii. 264 (1909). (PI. 3, £. 20.)

In shady woods; in il. Oct.; Olive River, oear Christiana, 3000 ft.,
Harrisl Fl. Jam. L0,472.

Plant glahrous, about 8 in. high. Stem about 1£ dm. 1. Leaves, blade
3*5-5 cm. I., LI L6 nun. br. ; stalk with sheath 7-17 mm. 1. ; highest leaf,
blade 1*2-1*7 cm. 1. Spike many-flowered, cylindrical, about 4 cm. 1.
Bracts ovate-triangular, acuminate, 1-nerved, as long as the ovary, 6-4
mm. 1. Ovary slender. Flowers spreading, (with the spur) about l in. 1.
Sepals spotted, 1-nerved; median lanceolate, obtuse, margin undulate
above the middle, concave, 3*2 mm. L, 1mm. br. ; lateral oblong-elliptical,
obtuse, slightly falcate, 3*4 mm. 1., 1-1*1 mm. br. Petals spotted, 1-nerved,
linear-lanceolate, margin undulate. 3*1 mm. 1., -75 mm. br. Lip, middle
portion about 1*4 mm. 1., 1*6 mm. br., middle lobe "75 mm. 1., lower
portion about 1 mm. 1. Spur roundish-elliptical, about half as long as
ovary, 1*6-1*8 mm. L, 1-1*3 mm. br.

8. WULLSCHL^GELIA Reichb. f.

Terrestrial leafless herb, with clustered fibrous roots slightly
thickened. Stem simple, very slender, with a few small scales.
Flowers very small, subsessile in a lax spike. Bracts very small.
Sepals thin, erect, connivent ; median free * lateral a little broader,
united at the base into a saccate chin. Petals similar to the
median sepal, but smaller. Lip on the upper side of the flower,
sessile at the base of the column, erect, broad, concave, un-
divided, produced at the base into a sac within the chin of the
sepals. Column very short ; stigma entire, beneath the short
broad erect rostellum ; clinandrium short. Anther erect, sessile,
ovate, scarcely acuminate, with distinct cells ; pollinia powdery-
granular, affixed to a small gland of the rostellum. Capsule
small, ovoid, erect.

Species 3, natives of the West Indies and Brazil.

W. aphylla Beichb. f. in Bot. Zeit. (1863) 131 • Griseb. Fl.
Br. W. Ind. 639 * Gogn. in Fl. Bras. Hi. pt. 4, 242, t. 57, /. 1 ; &
in Sijmh. Ant. vi. 351. — Cranichis aphylla Sw. Prodr. 120 (1788),
& Fl. Ind. Occ. in. 1421, t. 29, f. 1, & Ic. med. t, 21 ; Lindl. Gen.
& Sp. Orch. 450. (PI. 3, f. 23, 24.) Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

In damp deep-shady woods ; in fl. Sept., Oct. ; mountains of Clarendon,
Swartz ! Bethabara, WullscJilaegel, 1071! St. Ann, Purdie ! — Cuba,
Dominica, Brazil, Paraguay.

Plant 8-14 in. high, with numerous, very long roots, thickened near
base. Stem erect, slender, leafless, puberulous, 16-24 cm. 1., with numerous
minute scales. Scales triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, half-clasping,
4-5 mm. 1. Raceme somewhat long, many-flowered, 4*5-13 cm. 1. (in
fruit). Pedicels 2 mm. to 3 mm. 1. (in fruit). By-acts similar to the scales,

WULLSCHL.EGELIA 31

3 mm. 1. Flowers very small, pale white, erect, somewhat spreading.
Ovary 3-4 mm. 1., thicker upwards, puberulous, hairs bifurcate, composed
of 3 cells, one of which is the stalk, the other two, forming the fork,
axe clavate. Sepals sparsely puberulous, median oblong, concave, l-75
mm. 1. ; lateral transversely elongated, oblate, with subacute apex,
asymmetrical, greatest length about 3-5 mm., l'5mm. br. Petals oblong,
obtuse, l-75 mm. 1. Lip incumbent, oblong, conduplicate-concave,
3 mm. 1. Column with a long foot ; clinandrium cup-shaped. Capsule
5-7 mm. 1., 3-3" 5 mm. br.

9. PSEUDOCENTRUM Lindl.

Terrestrial, tall herbs ; rhizome short with clustered fleshy
roots. Stems leafy, simple, erect. Leaves several, radical, long-
stalked, membranous ; a few on the stem, reduced above to
sheaths. Flowers of medium size, numerous, almost sessile on a
long spike. Bracts membranous. Sepals, median free, narrow,
incurved ; lateral shorter, broader, connate at the base and
produced into a very long cylindrical ascending spur. Petals
narrow, free. Lip turned upwards, adnate to the base of the
column, produced anteriorly into a long narrow channelled
process, inclosed in the sepaline spur with apex inflexed and
saccate, auriculate with two erect lobes near the column. Column
very short ; rostellum erect, broadly membranous, acuminate in
the middle, with the deeply-hollowed stigma at the base ; clinan-
drium short, membranous-dilated, the margins continuous with
the rostellum. Anther erect on the margin of the clinandrium,
ovate, with contiguous cells ; pollinia oblong, powdery-granular,
pendulous from a terminal gland of the rostellum. Capsule
ellipsoidal.

Species 5, natives of Jamaica, Central America, and the
Andes of South America.

P. minus Bentli. in Hooh Ic. PL xiv. 63, t. 1382 (1882);
Cogn. in Symb. Ant. vi. 352. (PI. 4.) Type in Herb. Kew.

In shady places; in fl. Sept.-Oct., in fr. Feb.; Portland Gap, 5400 ft.,
J.P. 228, Morris ! Morse's Gap ; near John Crow Peak, 5000 ft. ; between
Newhaven Gap and Vinegar Hill, 5500 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 6058, 7756,
10,088.

Plant 1-2 ft. high. Stem stout, glabrous, 3-4 dm. 1. Leaves radical,
elliptical to lanceolate-oblong, tapering to an acute or shortly acuminate
apex, glabrous, blade 10-14 cm. 1., 3-6 cm. br., one or two higher up much,
smaller. Spike dense, 8-21 cm. 1. Bracts 1-3-nerved, ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, glabrous, 1-1-5 cm. 1. Ovary narrowly cylindrical, somewhat
densely covered with several jointed pellucid hairs, 10-12 mm. 1. Sepals
sparsely pilose on the outside, median oblong-lanceolate, 5*5-6 mm. 1.,
1-5 mm. br. ; lateral, spur somewhat longer than the ovary, 15 mm. 1., the
limb connate half way, each sepal semicircular, with an obtuse apex.
Petals oblanceolate-oblong, apex acute, half as long as the median sepal.
Column 1 mm. 1. Capsule 1-5 cm. 1.

32 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

10. CRANICHIS Sw.

Terrestrial herbs, with roots Bomewhal clustered. Leaves
radical, broad, spreading, membranous, many-nerved, reticulately
veined, with long stalks, flattish, sheathing at base. Scape
generally slender, simple, with a few sheaths. Flowers small, in
a spike. Bracts shorl <»r narrow. Sepals free, subequal, more or
less connivent. Petals a little shorter than the sepals, and less
than half as broad, spreading, free from the column. Lip on
the upper side of the flower, sessile or shortly clawed at the base
of the column, erect, concave, embracing the column, undivided.
Column short ; rostellum ample, erect, often longer than the
column, posteriorly (towards the anther) concave and 2-winged ;
stigma anterior, near the apex; clinandrium short. Anther on
the margin of the clinandrium, sessile or stalked, erect, parallel
to the rostellum and somewhat shorter than it, with distinct
cells ; pollinia powdery-granular, acuminate, pendulous from a
gland of the rostellum. Capsule erect, ovoid or oblong.

Species about 30, natives of the West Indies, Mexico, and
the Andes of tropical America.

Sheaths foliaceous on scape, leaves 4-6 1. C. muscosa.

Sheaths not foliaceous, leaves 1 or 2.

Leaves ovate, cordate ; petal glabrous ... 2. C. dipliylla.

Leaves roundish - ovate, sub-cordate ;

petals hairy on margin 3. C.pilosa.

1. C. muscosa Sw. Prodr. 120 (1788); glabrous; sheaths
foliaceous, passing into bracts above ; leaves few (4—6), and often
one just above base, oval, oval-roundish, elliptical or ovate, acute
or obtuse ; petals narrowly linear-lanceolate, obtuse to subacute,
glabrous, white. — Siv. Fl. Ind. Occ. 1429, t. 29, /. 3, & Ic. ined.
t. 25 ; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 451 ; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 639 ;
Cogn. in Symb. Ant. vi. 354 ; Ames Orch. S. Fla. 14, t. 3. Type
in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On damp shady banks, in fl. Nov.-Feb. ; Shakespearl Swartzl Wiles !
Bancroft ! Macfayden ! McNab ! Ponds, St. Elizabeth ; Woodside, St.
Mary; Hectors River, Manchester, Purdiel Wilson ! Fairfield, Wull-
schlaegel 1070! Priori J.P. 2068, Morris I Mt. Moses, J.P. 2068, Syme !
below Whitfield Hall Works, Sullivan ! near Morse's Gap, 4500 ft. ;
near Vinegar Hill, 4500 ft., 3950 ft. ; Tweedside, 3000 ft. ; Silver Hill Gap,
3800 ft. ; Moodv's Gap, 3000 ft. ; Troy, 2000 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7469,
7551, 7563, 7800, 10,093, 10,660.— Florida, Cuba, Porto Rico, St. Kitts,
Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Grenada, Trinidad.

Plant ^-1 ft. high. Scape 15-30 cm. 1. Leaves, blade 4-7 cm. 1.,
2 • 5-3 '5 cm. br. ; stalks 2-6 cm. 1. Sheaths, blade roundish-oval, obtuse,
near base of stem, to lanceolate, acuminate, above, 3-5-*75 cm. 1.
Spike dense-flowered, 3-5 cm. 1. Floivers white, perianth about ^ in. 1.
Bracts triangular-ovate or lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 1-nerved,
shorter than the ovary, 4 mm. 1. Ovary 5 mm. 1. Sepals, median
narrowly ovate-oblong, obtuse, 1-nerved, 2-6 mm. 1., 1*3 mm. br. ;
lateral broadly semi-ovate, somewhat acute or obtuse, 2-nerved, 2*7-

CRANICHIS 33

3 mru. 1., 1'6 mm. b. Lip sessile, roundish in outline, obtuse, with two
lateral folds near the base, 2-6-2*8 mm. 1., white, spotted with green.
Column (including rostellum) 1*5 mm. 1., dilated above, towards the
anther concave and broadly 4-winged, wings broader above, apex of
rostellum obtusely pointed ; stigma somewhat roundish. Anther stalked,
nearly as high as apex of rostellum. Capsule ellipsoidal, with six shallow
keels, 7-8 mm. 1., 3-4 mm. br.

2. C. diphylla Sw. Prodr. 120 (1788); glandular-pubescent
above ; leaves generally 2, sometimes 1 or 3, one smaller, ovate,
cordate, shortly acuminate or acute ; petals oblanceolate, obtuse,
glabrous, white.— Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 1423 ; Lindl, Gen. & Sp.
Orch. 450 ; Griseb. op. cit. 639 ; Cogn. in Symb. Ant. vi. 357.
Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

In peaty soil on damp shadv banks ; in fl. and fr. Dec. -Feb. ; Swartz !
Mt. Moses, 3000 ft., J.P. 2440, Syme ! Morse's Gap ; Stony Hill, J.P. 477 ;
Morris ! Morse's Gap, 5000 ft., C. Nicholls ! Fawcett ! Morse's Gap; near
Mabess River, 4000 ft. ; Clydesdale, 4000 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7555, 7557,
7855, 9797, 10,080.

Plant 4-14 in. high. Scape slender, 10-40 cm. 1., about 1 mm. br.
Leaves, blade 2 -5-6" 5 cm. 1., 1-3 cm. br. ; stalk, 1-3 cm. 1. Sheaths
several (4 or 5), linear-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, 2*5-1 cm. 1. Spike
lax-flowered, glandular-pubescent, 1-6*5 cm. 1. Flowers greenish-white or
green, perianth about J^ in. 1. Bracts ovate, acuminate, 1-nerved, with a
few glandular hairs, much shorter than the ovary, 3-4 mm. 1. Ovary
spindle-shaped, glabrous or with occasional glandular hairs, 5*5 mm. 1.
Septals oval, obtuse, 1-nerved, 2*5 mm. 1., 1*3 mm. br. ; lateral slightly
shorter and broader than the median. Petals a little shorter than the
median sepal, *6 mm. br. Lip very slightly keeled posteriorly, sessile,
roundish in outline, obtuse, 3-nerved, with 2 lateral folds near the base,
about 2 mm. 1., greenish-white spotted with green. Column (including
rostellum) 1*5 mm. L, on the posterior side towards the anther concave
and winged, with a long acuminate apex to the rostellum ; stigma roundish.
Anther stalked, slightly shorter than the rostellum. Capsule ellipsoidal,
slightly 3-keeled, 6-7*5 mm. 1., 3 mm. br.

3. C. pilosa Fawc. & Bendle in Journ. Bot. xlvii. 265 (1909) ;
glandular-pubescent above ; leaves 1 or 2, roundish-ovate or
roundish, subcordate, acute ; petals linear, acute, margins pilose,
light pink with white hairs or pale reddish-brown. (PI. 5,
f. 1-3.) Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

In damp shady places; in fl. Nov., April; John Crow Peak, 5500 ft.,
J.P. 240, Syme ! Morse's Gap, 5000 ft. ; Vinegar Hill, Portland, 3000 ft. ;
Cascade, 3000 ft. ; near John Crow Peak, 5800 ft. ; between Cinchona and
Morse's Gap, 4900 ft. ; Harris ! FL Jam. 7749, 10,503.

Plant 4-10 in. high. Scape 10-25 cm. 1. Leaves, blade 4-10 cm. 1.,
2*5-7*5 cm. br. ; stalks 1*5-3 cm. 1. Sheaths (1 or 2) scarious, below the
leaves, and several (5 to 9) loose, elliptical, shortly acuminate, 3-1 cm. 1.
Spike dense-flowered, glandular-pubescent, 1-2 cm. 1. Flowers greenish
tinted with pink, perianth about § in. 1. Bracts as long as, or shorter
than, the ovary, 4-7 mm. 1., ovate, acuminate, 3-nerved, with short lateral
nerves, glabrous, green or white. Ovary spindle-shaped, broadest below
the middle, glabrous, greenish or white, 6-7 mm. 1. Sepals 3-nerved, oval,
very shortly acuminate, greenish below, flesh-coloured in the upper half,

D

34 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

or greenish feinted with amber; median 8*5 i mm. 1., L*5-2 mm. br.;
lateral 3*2 8*5 mm. 1., L*5-2 mm. br. Lip shortly ami broadly clawed,
broadly ovate, Btrongly 8-nerved, the lateral nerves with descending
branches on the outer Bide, with a narrow triangular apex, 2*6-2*8 nun. I ,
2 mm. br., white tinted with green outside; and pink inside, or white with
reddish markings. Column white, tinted, 1*5 mm. 1., on the posterior
side towards the anther winged at the base, wings broadest below, with
small wings on the sides at the base, with a rather long capitate rostellnm ;
stigma roundish. Anther very shortly stalked. Capsule (not ripe) spindle-
;ped, about 1 cm. 1.

11. STENOPTERA Presl.

Epiphytic herb ; rhizome short with clustered fleshy roots.
Stein leafy, simple, with a sheath above the leaves. Leaves
crowded at the base of the stem, tapering into a short clasping
stalk. Flowers very small in a dense ovoid bracteate spike.
Perianth united below to form a tube, which is attached to back
of the column. Sepals free above, incurved, somewhat erect,
median shorter. Petals shorter than the sepals. Lip on the upper
side of the flower, erect from the tube. Column straight, grooved
anteriorly, not winged ; rostellum erect, ample, conical, with a
broad stigma at the base ; clinandrium with membranous sides
which are connate with the margins of the rostellum into a cup.
Anther erect on the margin of the clinandrium, roundish-ovate,
cells contiguous ; pollinia powdery-granular, on the dehiscence of
the anther remaining attached to the apex of the rostellum.
Capsule oblong, erect.

Species 8 or 9, natives of the mountains in tropical America
from the West Indies to Brazil and Peru.

S. ananassoeomos Beichb. f. in But, Zeit. xxi. 131 (1863) ;
Griseb. Fl, Br. W. Ind. 640 ; Cogn. in Fl. Bras. Hi. pt. 4, 254,
& in Sijmb. Ant, vi. 358. (PI. 5, f. 5, 6.)

On trees, pendent ; in fl. March ; Beaufort, Wullschlaegel, 1077 ! Prior !
Iron Eiver, Golden Spring, 900-2500 ft., J.P. 2283, Syme !— Cuba, Brazil,
Venezuela.

Plant very small, about 1^ in. 1. Leaves elliptical, acute, ciliate,
with 3 branching nerves, fleshy, semi-transparent, waxy, l-5-2"5 cm. 1.,
7-11 mm. br. Scape erect, densely clothed with short hairs, as long as
the leaves. Spike very short, capitate, many-flowered (5-11 or more),
6-10 mm. 1. Bracts ovate, acuminate, glabrous, margin ciliate or
fimbriate, longer than the flowers, 8-10 mm. 1., about 5 mm. br. Sepals
lanceolate, 1 -nerved, with short hairs at apex and at back, lateral 5 mm. 1.,
median shorter. Petals oblanceolate, adhering to, and shorter than, the
median sepal. Lip similar to petals, shorter than lateral sepals. Column
3'5 mm. 1.

PRESCOTTIA 35

12. PRESCOTTIA Lindl.

Terrestrial herbs, roots clustered on a rhizome, fibrous,
sometimes fleshy ; stem leafy, slender or tall, simple, with several
sheaths above the leaves. Leaves crowded at the base of the
stalk or radical, sessile or with long stalks, small or ample,
membranous. Flowers small, sometimes very small, numerous
in a thick or slender spike, subsessile. Bracts shorter than the
flower. Sepals membranous, connate at the base in a short cup
or a somewhat long tube, at the apex spreading or generally
revolute. Petals narrow, thin, adnate to the sepaline cup just
above the median sepal. Lip on the upper side of the flower ; claw
adnate to the sepaline cup, blade erect, broad, somewhat fleshy, very
concave, arched, hooded or almost closed, at the base 2-auriculate,
often enclosing the column. Column very short, adnate to the
sepaline cup ; stigmatic surface beneath the broad, membranous,
retuse rostellum ; clinandrium erect, acuminate or produced, as
it were, into a filament, margins connate with rostellum.
Anther erect on the margin or point of the clinandrium,
generally short, with cells diverging ; pollinia powdery-granular.
Capsule small, erect, ovoid or oblong.

Species about 32, natives of tropical America from the West
Indies and Mexico to Brazil and Ecuador.

Flowers green ; sepals revolute ; lip 4 mm. 1 1. P. stachyodes.

Flowers white or rosy, minute ; sepals connivent ;

lip 1 mm. 1 2. P. oligantha.

1. P. stachyodes Lindl. in Bot. Beg. sub. t. 1915 [err. typ.
1916) (1836) ; leaves large, long-stalked; flowers green, changing
to a tawny yellow ; sepals revolute, narrowly oblong ; lip long,
4 mm. 1. — Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 454. P. myosurus Beichb. f.
in Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Lid. 639 (1864); Cogn. in Mart. FL
Bras. Hi. pt. 4, 258, t. 61, & in Symb. Ant. vi. 359. Cranichis
stachyodes Sw. Prodr. 120 (1788), FL Lid. Occ. 1427, t. 29,/. 4,
& Ic. ined. t. 24. Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On stony ground or peaty soil in damp shady places ; in fl. and fr. Nov.-
Feb. ; Blue Mts., Swartz ! Macfadyen ! Christiana Woods, Manchester,
Purdiel Tiddenham, St. Ann, Priori Blue Mts., J.P. 234, Morris ! Morse's
Gap, 4900 ft., Fawcett ! Moore 1 Harris ! near Mabess Biver, 3000-4000 ft. ;
near John Crow Peak, 5800 ft. ; ridge below Vinegar Hill, 3800 ft. ; road to
Vinegar Hill, 4500 ft.; Harris I Fl. Jam. 7553, 7556, 7572, 7750, 7769,
7846, 10,094 (partly), 10,096, 10,408, 10,480, 10,481.— Cuba, Hispaniola,
Porto Bico, St. Eustatius, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent,
Trinidad, Costa Bica, Guatemala, Colombia, Brazil.

Plant 1-2 ft. high. Stem slender or stout, with several radical leaves,
invested by numerous, membranous sheaths, 2-6 dm. 1. Leaves broadly
oval, ovate or elliptical, shortly acuminate, base sometimes subcordate,
tapering into the stalk, entire or minutely crenulate, veins slightly
prominent on the under surface, blade 7-14 cm. 1., 3*5-8 cm. br. ; stalks

D 2

36 ORCHIDS OF JAW UCA

slender, narrowly winged, 2-17 cm. 1. Sheaths at base of stem, few,

scarious, loose, and soon decaying. Cauline sheaths loose, tubular below,
free pari triangular, acuminate, with several nerves and branching veins,
r > 1*5 cm. 1. Spike long, crowded with flowers, to 10 or 12 cm. 1.
Bracts elliptical, acuminate, 1-nerved, glabrous, as Long as, or longer than,
the ovary, 6'5 8 mm. I., l'7-2*5 mm. br. Ovary obovoid-oblong, glabrous.
Sepals obtuse, L-nerved; lateral slightly falcate, free part 3* 1-3* 4 mm. 1.,
1-1*3 mm. br. ; median, free part 2*5-2'9 mm. 1., 1 mm. br. 1'ctals
revolute, narrowly linear, obtuse, 1-nerved, as long as the median sepal,
•4 mm. br. Lip projecting much beyond the revolute sepals, upper
margin rolled in; nerves 7, branching; 3-2 mm. br. ; auricles linear,
about -5 mm. br. Capsule ellipsoidal, with six shallow keels, about 1 cm. 1.,
3*5 mm. br.

2. P. oligantha Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orcli. 454 (1840); leaves
small, short-stalked ; flowers white or rosy ; sepals erect,
roundish ; lip short, 1 ram. 1. — Cogn. in. Si/mb. Ant. vi. 360.
Cranichis oligantha Sw. Prodr. 120 (1788), FL Ind. Occ.
1425, t. 29, f. 2 &l Ic. ined. t. 23. Prescottia myosurus Beichb. f.
in Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 640 (1864). (PI. 5, f. 4.) Type in
Herb. Mus. Brit.

On damp shady banks ; in fl. and fr. March ; Blue Mts., Sicartz \
Orange Bay, Hanover, Purdie I St. Ann, Priori Stony Hill, J. P. 471
(2606) Sijme ! Mt. Moses, J. P. 2156, Morris ! near Cinchona, 4500 ft. ;
Clvdesdale 4000 ft. ; Tweedside, south St. Andrew ; Morse's Gap 4900 ft. ;
Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7612, 7844, 7856a, 10,094 (partly).— Cuba, Porto Kico,
St. Thomas, Guadeloupe, Dominica.

Plant 8-12 in. high. Stem slender, with a few radical leaves and
many sheaths, 15-23 cm. 1. Leaves elliptical or oval, obtuse or acute,,
tapering into the flattish membranous stalks, sheathing below ; blade
2"5-7*5 cm. 1., 1-5-3 cm. br. ; stalk 1-3*5 cm. 1. Sheaths tubular below,
free part oblong, tapering into a shortly acuminate apex, 3-1 cm. 1.
Spike densely crowded with numerous small flowers, 3-7 cm. 1. Bracts
ovate, long-acuminate, 1-nerved, as long as, or a little longer than, the
ovary, 3-2 mm. 1. Ovary obovoid, barely 2 mm. 1. Sepals concave,
1-nerved, tinged with brownish-pink at the tips ; lateral connivent ;
median spreading; free part about 1*3 mm. 1., nearly 1 mm. br. Petals
narrowly obovoid, very obtuse, 1-nerved, recurving, barely 1 mm. 1., about
•5 mm. br. Lip 3-nerved, 1-1*2 mm. 1. ; auricles short, *2 mm. 1.
Column winged laterally at the apex. Capsule ellipsoidal, with six shallow
keels, 4 mm. 1., 2*5 mm. br.

13. PONTHIEVA R. Br.

Terrestrial herbs with fibrous roots. Leaves radical, ovate,
oval or elliptical, membranous, many -nerved, reticulately
veined ; stalks long or short, flattish, membranous, sheathing
below. Scape simple, slender with a few sheaths. Flowers
small, shortly stalked, in a lax raceme generally glandular-
pubescent. Bracts narrow, generally small. Sepals free,
spreading, either nearly equal or the lateral broader than the
median. Petals raised on the column, spreading, very asym-
metrical, triangular. Lip on the upper side ot the flower ;.

POXTHIEVA 37

raised on the column, ascending ; blade abruptly dilated, concave
and more or less folded on itself. Column short, somewhat
terete, dilated at the apex ; rostellum erect, dilated, posteriorly
concave ; stigma under the rostellum, broad, hollowed out ;
clinandrium short. Anther erect behind the rostellum and
shorter than it, with cells contiguous ; pollinia 4, joined in pairs,
powdery-granular, pendulous from a gland of the rostellum.
Capsule erect, obovoid-ellipsoidal or ellipsoidal.

Species about 22, natives of the warmer regions of America
from the southern United States to Chile, including the West
Indies.

Petals, margin ciliate.

Lip roundish with linear apical lobe 1. P. glandulosa.

Petals glabrous.

Lip obscurely 3-lobed at apex, with 2 minute erect

lobes at base 2. P. Harrisii.

Lip kidney-shaped with linear lobe at apex and

2 minute auricles at base 3. P. pauciflora.

Lip 3-lobed at apex, saccate at base 4. P. ventricosa.

1 . P. glandulosa B. Br. in Ait. Hort, Kew. ed. 2. v. 200 (1813) ;
sepals glandular-pubescent, median 3-nerved, lateral incom-
pletely 4-nerved ; petals, margin ciliate ; lip clawed, very broadly
roundish, almost transversely oval, with linear apical lobe, disc
with linear median crest. — Linrll. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 444 ; Griseb.
Fl. Br. W. Ind. 638; Cogn. in Symb. Ant. vi. 363; Ames Orch.
S. Fla. 14, t. 4. Neottia glandulosa Sims in Bot. Mag. t. 842 (1805).

On damp shady banks; in fl. and fr. Dec. -Feb.; Macfadyenl
McNab\ St. Ann, Purdiel Fairfield, Wullschlaegel, 1069! Priori near
Cinchona, J. P. 13, Morris ! near Castleton, J. P. 2377, Syme ! Browns
Town, Miss T. M. Barrett I Cinchona, 5000 ft., Fawcettl Mt. Diabolo,
2300 ft., Faivcett & Harris ! Cinchona ; Hall's Delight, 1000 ft. ; Clydesdale,
4000 ft. ; Harris ! Bloxburgh, Blue Mts., Miss B. Gosset ! Fl. Jam. 7549,
7861, 7862 (7266, 7532, 7562, 9787, fide Cogniaux).— Cuba, Hispaniola, Porto
Rico, St. Thomas, St. Kitts, Guadeloupe, Dominica, St. Vincent, Grenada,
Carolina, Georgia, Virginia, Florida, Mexico, Costa Pica, Ecuador.

Plant 1-2 ft. high, glandular-pubescent above. Scape glandular-
pubescent above, 2 to nearly 4 dm. 1. Leaves broadly oval to oblanceolate-
elliptical and oblanceolate, obtuse or acute ; blade 4-15 cm. 1., 2-4 cm. br.
SJieaths (3-6), those near the base (1 or 2) generally foliaceous and passing
into the oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate-acuminate sheaths above, glabrous
at the lower part of the stem and glandular-pubescent above. Raceme
6-20 cm. 1., glandular-pubescent, with few to many wide-spreading flowers.
Bracts oval or elliptical, acuminate, 3-nerved, half as long as the stalked
ovary, 10 mm. 1. or less, 2*7 mm. br. Ovary densely glandular-pubescent,
about 1-1-5 cm. 1. Pedicel 3-4 mm. 1. in flower, 7-8 mm. 1. in fruit.
Flowers white, about ^ in. 1. Sepals glandular-pubescent ; median
elliptical, obtuse, 5-7 mm. 1., 2-2-5 mm. br. ; lateral obliquely ovate,
obtuse, 5*5-7 mm. 1., 3*3-4 mm. br. Petals on the outer side dilated and
semi-cordate, curved inwards, clawed, several nerves springing from claw
and more or less branching; extreme length of blade 4-6 mm. 1., 2*5-3-5
mm. br. ; claw attached to column for about 1 mm. above base. Lip

38 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

folded on itself down the middle, each half somewhat round, 5-nervcd ;
blade about 3-4 nun. 1. to base of lobe (1 mm. 1.), 4-5 mm. br. ; claw
1*3 mm. 1. above its attachment to the column. Column (including
rostollum) 4-4*5 mm. 1., curved, rostollum long-pointed, winged posteriorly
on the side of the anther, wing broadest at the middle; stigma oblong.
Anther stalked, nearly reaching apox of rostellum. Capsule obovoid-
ellipsoidal, tapering to base, narrowly G-kceled, 1-3-1*6 cm. 1., 4-5
mm. br.

2. P. Harrisii Cogn. in Fecldc Bepert. vi. .'504 (1909) * sepals,
median glabrous, 5-7 nerved, lateral sparsely glandular-pubes-
cent, 7-nerved ; lip boat-shaped, obscurely 3-lobed at apex, obtuse,
with 2 minute, erect lobes near base, with a transverse callus
near apex. — Cogn. in Symb. Ant. vi. 362. (PL 5, f. 7-11.)

In peaty soil in damp places in woodland ; in fl. April, May ; Greenhill
Wood,~4000 ft. ; near Mabess River, 3000 ft. ; below Vinegar Hill ; Harris !
Fl. Jam. 7618, 7883.

Plant 14-24 in. high. Scape 3-5 dm. 1., somewhat sparsely glandular-
pubescent. Leaves several (3-8), ovate-elliptical, acute, glabrous,
margins slightly wavy ; blade 6-11 cm. 1., 3 to about 5 cm. br. ; stalks
with sheath to 6 cm. 1. Cauline leaf much smaller than the radical.
Cauline sheaths, 2 or 3, subfoliaceous, tubular below, passing into the
bracts above, acute, glandular-pubescent. Raceme 9-10 cm. 1., glandular-
pubescent, many flowered. Bracts elliptical, shortly acuminate, acute,
sparsely glandular-pubescent, 3-nerved, about half as long as the stalked
ovary, lower about 8*5 mm. 1., 3*5 mm. br. Pedicels 4-5 mm. 1.
Ovary densely glandular-pubescent, 7-8 mm. 1. Floiocrs erect-spreading,
cream-colour or pale brick colour and lip marked with green. Sepals,
median elliptical, shortly acuminate, 4-5 mm. 1., 1*5-2 mm. br. ; lateral
subfalcately obovate-elliptical, obtuse, 5*5-7 mm. 1., 3-4 mm. br. Petals
attached by a short claw to the column at 2*7 mm. above its bas^,
narrowly triangular, on outer side dilated and semi-auriculate, basal lobe
obtuse, from apex to end of basal lobe 3 mm. 1. Lip attached to column
about 2 mm. above base, 2*5-3 mm. 1., 1 mm. br. Column (to apex of
rostellum) 3-4 mm. 1., the long pointed rostellum much thickened upwTards,
hollow and broadly winged towards anther ; stigma round.

3. P. paueiflora comb. nov. ; sepals glandular-pubescent,
median 3-nerved, lateral incompletely 5-nerved * lip clawed,
kidney-shaped, with a sinus above from which projects a short
blunt linear lobe, and with very small auricles at base. —
Cranichis paueiflora Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 1431 ; Griseb. op. cit. 639 *
Cogn. in Symb. Ant. vi. 356. (PI. 5, f. 12, 13.)

On damp shady banks, amongst mosses; in fl. and fr. Nov.-Jan. ;
Sivartz ; Distin ! St. Mary, McNab ! J.P. 13, 476, Morris ! Cinchona, 5000 ft.,
C. Nichollsl Morse's Gap, 5000 ft., Harrisl Fl. Jam. 7532, 7804, 9787.—
Cuba.

Plant J-l^ ft. high, glandular-pubescent above. Scape 1-3 dm. 1.,
glandular-pubescent above, glabrous below. Leaves few (about 3), oval or
elliptical, obtuse, blade 1*5-6*5 cm. 1., 1-2*5 cm. br., stalk 5-13 mm. 1.
Sheaths few (about 3), tubular below, free portion ovate, obtuse near base
of stem to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, above, 1-2*5 cm. 1. Raceme some-
what one-sided, few-flowered, glandular-pubescent, 2-10 cm. 1. Bracts
broadly oval to obovate, shortly acuminate, 3-nerved, with scattered

PONTHIEVA 39

glandular hairs, about half as long as the stalked ovary, 4-5*5 mm. L,
2-2*5 mm. br. Pedicel 4 mm. 1., glabrescent. Ovary thicker above,
glandular-pubescent, 7*5-8 mm. 1. Flowers white, erect-spreading, about
iL in. 1. Sepals white, slightly tinged with green outside ; median
elliptical or lanceolate-elliptical, very shortly acuminate, 5- 2-5* 5 mm. 1.,
1*8-2 mm. br. ; lateral ovate, slightly oblique, very shortly acuminate,
4* 5-5* 5 mm. 1., 2 -6-2- 7 mm. br. Petals dilated on the outer side, slightly
falcate, 2-4-nerved, 4 to nearly 5 mm. 1., 1*6-2 -5 mm. br., clawed, attached
to column '5-1 mm. above its base. Lip folded on itself, white with 2
green spots on either side, greenish where it joins the column, 3-nerved,
very concave at base and thickened on outside, 2 '5-3 •5 mm. 1. (without
claw), 3*2-4 mm. br., terminal lobe 1 mm. 1. ; claw thickened and broad
above, rather more than *5 mm. 1. Column (including rostellum), 2-2*5
mm. 1., the short pointed rostellum dilated above, concave and winged on
the posterior side next the anther, wings forming a cup from the edge of
which the anther springs ; stigma large. Anther shortly stalked, about as
high as apex of rostellum. Capsule (unripe) cylindrical-ellipsoidal, some-
what wider near apex.

We have transferred this and the following species to Ponthieva, as the
petals and lip are raised on the column.

4. P. ventrieosa comb. nov. ; sepals glandular-pubescent,
median 3-nerved, lateral 5-nerved ; lip sessile, forming a very short
saccate spur, 3-lobed above, lateral lobes rounded, median lobe
narrow, blunt. — Cranichis ventrieosa Griseb. loc. cit. ; Cogn.
loc. cit.

On rocky shady banks ; in fl. and fr. Dec. ; Fairfield, Wullschlaegel,
106S ! Prior ! Browns Town, Miss T. M. Barrett ! Farm Hill ; Tweedside,
2500 ft. ; Guava Ridge Road, 2500 ft. ; Harris ! Anchovy, Cradwick !
Fl. Jam. 5538, 6924, 7814, 10,403, 10,469.— Cuba, Hispaniola, Porto Rico.

Plant 7-15 in. high. Scape 1*5-3 dm. 1., glabrate. Leaves 3 or 4,
oblong, elliptical or obovate, often tapering into the stalks, 2-7 cm. 1.,
1-2* 5 cm. br. ; sometimes the stalk of the upper leaf completely sheathing.
Sheaths 3-6, lower sometimes a leaf-like blade, varying greatly in size ; the
others tubular below, free portion oblong, acute, 7-16 mm. 1. Raceme
glandular-pubescent, 3-7 cm. 1., lengthening in the fruit. Bracts ovate,
acute, 3-nerved, glandular-pubescent, 5 mm. 1. Ovary thicker above,
tapering to base, glandular-pubescent, 1 cm. 1. Flowers white, few or
several, small, erect-spreading, shortly stalked, nearly \ in. 1. Sepals
median oval, obtuse, tapering to apex and base, 5*2 mm. 1., 2*2 mm. br.,
lateral forming a chin round short spur of lip, broadly ovate, oblique on
the side forming the chin, 6 mm. 1., 3 5 mm. br. Petals with 3-nerves
branching, somewhat triangular, unequally 2-lobed, about 5 mm. 1., nearly
2*5 mm. br. Lip attached to column shortly above the base, 5-nerved,
folded on itself, 4*5 Trim. 1. Column thicker above, with a sharp pointed
rostellum, 2*5 mm. 1., concave and slightly winged at base posteriorly
towards the anther; stigma roundish. Anther stalked, exceeding the
apex of the rostellum. Capsule ellipsoidal, tapering" to base, 8 mm. 1.,
3*5-4 mm. br.

40 ORCHIDS <»K JAMAICA

14. CORYMBORCHIS Thou.*

Terrestrial, high-growing herbs, leafy, sometimes branching,
with thick, woody roots clustered on the short rhizome. Sheaths
decaying below, spathaceous or passing into leaves above. Leaves
ample, plaited, chartaceous, petioles sheathing. Flowers medium-
sized, subsessile, in short terminal or axillary sub-corymbose
panicles. Bracts small, ovate. Sepals and petals oblong. Lip
erect from the base of the column, ovate, channelled, with a
recurved apical lobe. Column long, erect, at the apex thicker,
terminated by two erect lobes or auricles ; stigma at the base
of an erect acuminate rostellum ; clinandrium short. Anther
erect, narrow, nearly as long as the rostellum, acuminate,
cells contiguous ; pollinia granular, attached to a subulate stalk
which depends from a peltate gland of the rostellum ; on the fall
of the pollinia the rostellum remains 2-fid. Capsule cylindrical,
subterete, crowned by the remains of the perianth.

Species about 13, widely dispersed through the tropical
regions of the world, one in West Indies and Mexico.

C. flava Kuntze Ben. Gen. PI. 658 (1891). — Serapias flava
Sw. Prodr. 119 (1788); Neottia flava Sw. Fl. hid. Occ. 1417
(1806). Chloidia flava Beichb. f. in Waif. Ann. Bot. vi. 644
(1863) & Beitr. Orch, Centr. Amer. 5 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind.
643. Corymbis flava Hemsl. in Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. in. 297
(1884). (PL 5, f. 14.)

In damp woods ; in fl. Oct. -April ; mountains of Clarendon, Swartz ;
Hector's River, Manchester, Purdie ! Prior ! Olive River, Christiana
district, 3000 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 10,398. — Cuba, Hispaniola, Porto Rico,
Guadeloupe, Mexico.

Plant to 6 ft. high. Stem about 6 dm. high, simple. Leaves oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate, about 7-nerved, blade 18-26 cm. 1., 4-6 cm. br.
Panicle 4-5 cm. 1., with several lax flowers. Bracts, at base of branches
oblong, acuminate, about 1 cm. 1. ; floral ovate, shortly acuminate, 4 mm. 1.
Floivers yellow, about § in. 1., subsessile. Ovary cylindrical, about 8 mm. 1.
Sepals 7-nerved, oblong-linear, acute, nearly 1*5 cm. 1., 2-2*5 mm. br.
Petals 5-nerved, oblong-elliptical, somewhat blunt, 1*2-1*3 cm. 1., about
3 mm. br. Lip ovate, conduplicate below, ovate-oblong above, as long as
the petals. Column (including anther) as long as petals.

15. TROPIDIA Lindl.

Like Coryruborchis, except in the following particulars :
Flowers small, not so lax, in few short dense spikes at the apex
of the branches. Bracts linear-subulate. Sepals connivent,
median oblong-lanceolate, lateral oblong, connate at the base

* Coryruborchis is the generic name given by Thouars (Orch. lies
Afr. t. 37). Corymbis is a uninomial composed from the generic and specific
names ; it is, therefore, inadmissible to substitute Corymbis for the true
generic appellation.

TROPIDIA 41

under the lip into a short chin. Lip saccate at base, oblong.
Column short.

Species about 15, natives of the East Indies, Malaya, China
and Japan, and one in W. Indies and Florida.

T. polystaehya Ames Orch. ii. 262 (1908). — T. Eatoni Ames
Orch. S. Fla. 14, t. 5 (1904). Serapias polystaehya Sw.
Prodr. 119 (1788). Neottia polystaehya Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 1415
(1806). Chloidia vernalis Lincll. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 484 (1840).
C. polystaehya Beichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 644 (1861), & in
Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 643. Polystaehya membranacea A. Rich.
Fl. Cub. ii. 248 (1853). Corymborchis polystaehya Kuntze
Rev. Gen. PL 658 (1891). (PI. 5, f. 15.) Type in Herb. Mus.
Brit,

In damp woods ; in fl. in spring ; mountains of Clarendon, Swartz !
Manchester ; Westmoreland ; Purdie ! Prior ! Stony Hill, J.P. 469, Morris !
— Cuba, Florida.

Plant nearly 2 ft. high. Stem 4 dm. high, branching. Leaves oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate, about 7 -nerved ; blade 12-22 cm. 1., 3-5 cm. br.
Panicle 10-15 cm. 1., with numerous lax flowers. Bracts linear-subulate ;
at base of branches 2*5-7 cm. 1. ; floral 2-7 mm. 1. Pedicels very short,
1-2 mm. 1. Flowers pale red, ^ in. 1. Ovary cylindrical, about 8 mm. 1.
Sepals 5-nerved ; lateral, acute, somewhat gibbous at base, erect, falcate
6 mm. 1., 2 mm. br. ; median, with acute apex, concave, 7 mm. 1., 2mm.br
Petals 3-nerved, oblong, somewhat falcate, acute, 6 mm. 1., 1*5 mm.br.
Lip very concave and embracing the column below, refuse and obscurely
3-lobed at apex, 2-lamellate on disk, as long as petals. Column 4'5 mm. 1.
Capsule 1 cm. 1., 3 mm. br.

16. MALAXIS Solander ex Swartz.*

Terrestrial herbs, base of stem generally pseudobulbous.
Leaves 1 or 2, broad, not jointed with the sheathing petiole.
Scape slender, elongated. Flowers small or minute in a terminal
raceme, sometimes contracted and corymbose. Bracts small,
narrow. Sepals nearly equal, free or lateral slightly connate at
base, spreading. Petals equal to sepals or a little shorter, narrow.
Lip sessile, entire or lobed, with auricles embracing the column,
not extending as far as the sepals, but, including the auricles,
longer than the sepals. Column very short, terete, hollowed at
apex. Anther terminal, incumbent, two-celled. Pollinia 4, waxy,
ovoid. Capsule small, ovoid or turbinate.

Species about 140, widely distributed, but mainly in Central
America and Indo-Malava.

* Swartz adopted the name Malax is from Solander and defined the
genus in Prodr. 119 (1788), including therein the two Jamaican species
M. spicata and M. umbelliflora. This name must therefore be retained for
these and for the other species now included under Microstylis. The latter
name is cited by Bentham & Hooker (Gen. PI. iii. 494) as of Nuttall (Gen.
IT. Amer. PL ii. 196), but Nuttall uses it only for a section of Malaxis.
Microstylis was first used as a generic name by Lindley (Orch. Scelet. &
Gen. & Sp. Orch.).

42 ORCHIDS OP JAMAICA

Lca\ es two

Flowers oorymbose l. .1/. umbelliflora.

Flowers racemo

Lip with a distinct apical lobe 2. -1/. s pic, i lit.

Lip not lobed '■',. M. mtegra.

Leaf one I. M. Qrisebachiana.

1. M. umbelliflora Sw. Prodr. 119 (1788) ; Leaves two ; raceme
umbellately corymbose, very short, not exceeding 1 cm. but
elongating in fruit; lip 3-lobed above, middle lobe 2 mm. 1., with
revolute margins, large, half the length of the lip, triangular,
obtuse ; side lobes small, roundish, obtuse ; auricles short, rounded,
obtuse. — Sw. Ic. lined, t. 20. M. umbellulata Sw. FL Ind. Occ.
1444, t. 28, jig. a, b, c (1806). Microstylis umbellulata Lindl. Gen.
& Sp. Orch. 19 (1830); Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 612; Bidl. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. xxiv. 324. M. umbelliflora Hitchc. in Bep. Miss.
Bat. Qard. ic. 132 (1893); Cogn. in Symb. Ant. vi. 371. Type
in Herb. Mus. Brit.

Peaty soil in damp shady places ; in fi. and fr. Sept. -Jan. ; Macfadyen !
"Gap of St. Andrew's," Purdiel J.P. 2080, Morris ! Moody's Gap and
Second Breakfast Spring, J.P. 20S0, Symel Moy Hall, Sullivanl Cinchona,
4850 ft., C. Nichollsl Fawcettl Near Vinegar Hill; Green Hill Wood,
3500 ft.; Morse's Gap, 4800 ft.; Mabess Kiver, 3500 ft.; Woodcutters'
Gap, 4350 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7549, 7760, 7779, 7780, 9785, 9798, 10,482.
— Cuba, St. Kitts, Guadeloupe, Dominica, St. Vincent, Trinidad, Mexico,
Andes (Jameson), La Banca (10,000 ft., Pearce).

Plant 4-10 in. high. Stem pseudobulbous, with two sheaths ; upper
sheath 2-5-4 cm. Leaves, the low7er larger, blade 5-10 cm. 1., 3-6 cm. br.,
ovate, shortly acuminate, petiole long-sheathing. Flowers pale green,
numerous, small ; pedicels long, to 12 mm. Bracts 2-3 mm. 1., lanceolate,
acuminate, setaceous, much shorter than the lower pedicels. Sepals about
3 mm. 1., half as broad, median ovate-elliptical, lateral ovate-oblong with
revolute margins. Petals 3 mm. 1., '3 mm. br., linear. Lip 4 mm. 1.,
2-25 mm. br. Column *75 mm. 1. Capsule 8-9 mm. 1., ellipsoidal, tapering
to base, with three angles.

2. M. spieata Sw. Prodr. 119 (1788); leaves two; raceme
somewhat lax ; lip* broadly elliptical, with a prominent linear-
oblong obtuse apical lobe ; auricles elliptical, obtuse. — Sw. FL
Ind. Occ. 1441 & Ic. ined. t. 19. Microstylis spieata Lindl. op.
cit. 19; Griseb. op. cit. 612; Bidl. op. cit. 323; Cogn. in Symb.
Ant. vi. 368. Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On damp shady banks and in woods ; in fl. and fr. Sept. -Jan. ;
Westmoreland Mts., Purdiel J.P. 233, Morris ! Stony Hill, J.P. 464,

* The lip is described and figured by Swartz as trilobed, but in all the
Jamaican specimens examined by us, including Swartz's type, the lateral
lobes are not evident. Swartz describes his figure as the flower of
M. spieata or M. umbelliflora, and in his description of the latter omits
the parts of the flower as being very similar to M. spieata. The drawing
agrees best with M. umbelliflora, under which we have cited it. In his
Icon. ined. tt. 19 & 20, the flowers are represented as precisely similar,
and we can only suggest that a flower of M. umbelliflora has been drawn
for each plate.

MALAXIS 43

Syme ! Moody's Gap, 3000 ft. ; near Vinegar Hill, 4500 ft. ; near Christiana,
3000 ft. ; Harris ! Trelawney, Miss T. M. Barrett ! Fl. Jam. 7880, 10,471,
10,473. — Cuba, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, St. Eustatius, Martinique.

Plant 8-12 in. high. Stem thickened at the base, pseudobulbous in
fruiting stage, with two sheaths at the base, upper sheath 2-3 cm. 1., the
outer smaller one often withering. Leaves distant, the lower larger,
6-10 cm. 1., 3-5 cm. br., ovate, ovate-elliptical or ovate-lanceolate, petiole
long-sheathing. Raceme 3-8 cm. 1. Flowers numerous, small ; pedicels
6-9 mm. Bracts 2-4 mm., lanceolate, setaceous, much shorter than the
pedicels. Sepals about 3 mm. 1., and half as broad; median ovate-lanceo-
late, acute ; lateral shortly connate at base, lanceolate, obtuse, with
revolute margins. Petals 2 mm. 1., *5 mm. br., linear, shorter. Lip
3*5-4 mm. 1., 2*5 mm. br. Capsule (unripe) 8 mm. 1., ellipsoidal, slightly
tapering to base.

3. M. integra comb. nov. ; leaves two ; raceme lax ; lip ovate,
entire, obtuse, auricles roundish-elliptical. — Microstylis integra
Fawc. & Bendle in Journ. Bot. xlvii. 7 (1909); Cogn. in Symb.
Ant. vi. 370. (PI. 6, f. 11-17.) Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On rocky shady banks ; in fl. and fr. Nov. ; Guava Ridge Road, 2500 ft. ;
Mount Hybla, 4000 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7735, 7740, 7741.

Plant 6 to 12 in. high. Stem thickened at the base, 2-leaved below,
with a sheath at the base; sheath 1*5 cm. 1. Leaves elliptical, obtuse or
abruptly acute, petiole long-sheathing; lower leaf generally 3-5 cm. 1.,
2-2 '5 cm. br. Raceme 3-8 cm. Floicers very small, stalked; pedicels
4-5 mm. Bracts 2 mm., linear-lanceolate, much shorter than the pedicels.
Sepals 2 ■ 2 mm. 1., 1 ■ 5 mm. br., obtuse with revolute margins, median ovate,
lateral broadly elliptical. Petals linear, scarcely as long as the sepals.
Lip 2*5 mm. 1., 2 mm. br. Capsule 6 mm. 1., ellipsoidal, slightly narrowed
at the base.

4. M. Grisebaehiana comb. nov. ; leaf solitary ; raceme oblong,
with flowers crowded towards the apex ; lip somewThat quadrate,
3-lobed above, median lobe very short, tooth-like ; auricles
roundish-elliptical. — Microstylis Grisebaehiana Fawc. & Bendle
in Journ. Bot. xlvii. 7 (1909) ; Cogn. in Symb. Ant. vi. 372. (PL 6,
f. 18-23.) Types in Herb. Mus. Brit. & Jam. Herb.

On damp clayev shady banks; in fl. and fr. Oct.-Dec. ; Cinchona,
4920-5000 ft. ; Morse's Gap, 4800 ft. ; Harris ! J.P. 230 (in part), Morris !
Fl. Jam. 7530, 7743, 7744, 9790, 9792.

Plant 4-10 in. high. Stem 1*5-3 cm., swollen underground into a
small spherical corm, 1-2 cm. br., with one leaf affixed below the middle
or near the base, with one or two sheaths at the base. Leaf 2-5-5 cm. 1.,
1*5-3 cm. br., elliptical to ovate-elliptical, obtuse, subcordate, with
sheathing petiole. Raceme 3-4 cm., oblong, with flowers crowded towards
the apex. Floicers yellowish-green, very small, stalked. Bracts triangular,
acuminate, much shorter than the pedicels. Sepals ovate-oblong, obtuse,
with revolute margins, median about 2 mm. 1., "6 mm. br., lateral slightly
shorter. Petals 1*5 mm. 1., linear shorter than the sepals. Lip 2-25 mm.
1., 1'75 mm. br., lateral lobes -6 mm. 1., median -25 mm. 1., auricles
•5 mm. 1.

Near M. unifolia Michx., but distinguished by the auriculate, not
cordate, lip, and the position of the leaf nearer the base of the stem.

•I I ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

17. LIPARIS L. C. Rich.

Terrestrial herbs; stems leafy, short, thickened into a corm
or narrow pseudobulb. Leaves one, two <>r few, springing either
from the base of the corm or from the nodes of the pseudobulb,

or from below it, with a sheathing leaf-stalk, membranous,
conspicuously many-nerved. Flowers small or medium-sized,
greenish or purple, in a terminal stalked raceme. Bracts small,
narrow. Sepals free, spreading, about equal. Petals narrower.
Lip attached to the base of the column, oblong or expanded
into a broad spreading or reflexed blade, entire or emarginate.
Column long, incurved, half-terete, without a foot, at the apex
on both sides margined or appendiculate with a wing ; clinan-
drium short. Anther terminal, opercular, incumbent ; pollinia 4,
waxy, ovoid, sometimes acuminate, segregated in pairs in the
cells, each pair superposed. Capsule generally small, ellipsoidal
or obovoid.

Species about 200, widely dispersed through the temperate
and warmer regions of the globe.

Leaf one.

Leaf oblong or lanceolate. Corm present... 1. L. vexillifera.

Leaf roundish, cordate. Pseudobulb present 2. L. neuroglossa.
Leaves two.

Lip greenish, J in. 1. Pseudobulb present... 3. L. Harrisii.

Lip purple, \ in. 1. Corm present 4. L. Saundersiana.

Leaves three or more 5. L.elata.

1. L. vexillifera Cogn. in Fl. Bras, iii.jjt. 4, 289 (1895) ; with
corm ; leaf one, oblong-elliptical to oblong-lanceolate, acute to
subobtuse ; lip pale yellow with reddish-brown veins, or altogether
reddish-brown, 3-nerved, middle nerve prominent, lower half
broadly roundish, conduplicate ; upper half broadly oblong-
elliptical or roundish, recurved ; at base sub-cordate, apex obtuse,
somewhat apiculate. — Cogn. in Symb. Ant. vi. 377. L. elliptica
Beichb.f. in Waljp. Ann. vi. 218(1861); Griseb. Fl, Br. W. Lid.
612 ; Bidl, in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxii. 265. L. jamaicensis Lindl.
ex Griseb. Cat, Cub. 261 (1866). Cymbidium vexilliferum Llave
& Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. ii. 7 (1825).

On damp clayey banks ; in fl. and f r. Nov.-Feb ; Wiles ; Macfadyen !
Hollis Savanna, Clarendon, Purdie ! below Cinchoua, J.P. 237, Morris !
Mt. Moses, 3000 ft., J.P. 2443, Syme ! Clydesdale, 4500 ft., Fawcettl
Cinchona, C. Nicholls ! Westphalia, 4000 ft.; Clydesdale; Mt. Hybla,
4000 ft. ; Cinchona, 4800-5000 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7528, 7751, 7842,
9512, 9791, 9788.— Cuba, Porto Eico, Trinidad, Mexico, Guatemala,
Colombia, Venezuela, B. Guiana, Ecuador, Argentine (var.), Bolivia.

Plant 4-11 in. high. Stem swollen below the ground into a spherical
corm, covered by the sheathing leaf-stalks and one or two sheaths, upper
sheath sometimes foliate above. Leaf blade 7-12 cm. 1., 1-5-3-5 cm. br. ;
stalk sheathing, sometimes very short. Scape 1-3 dm. 1., angled or winged.

LIPAEIS 45

Raceme 5-18 cm. 1., somewhat lax. Floivers pale yellow, 12-30, perianth
nearly ^ in. 1. Bracts lanceolate, acuminate, 16 mm. 1. below, to about
5 mm. L at apex. Pedicels 5-8 mm. 1. (lengthening to about 1 cm. in
fruit). Ovary about 5 mm. 1., 3-winged. Sepals 3-nerved, oblong-
lanceolate, apex somewhat obtuse; median 7*5 mm. 1., 2*3 mm. br. ;
lateral attached at base to lip, 6*5-7 mm. 1., 2 -3-2' 6 mm. br. Petals
1-nerved, linear, obtuse, about 7 mm. 1., -8 mm. br. Lip 7-8 mm. 1.,
5-6 mm. br. Column erect, curved near apex, channelled anteriorly and
angled, broadly winged at apex, 3 '8 mm. 1. Capsule narrowly obovoid,
3-keeled, about 1*2 cm. 1., 4 mm. br.

2. L. neuroglossa Beiclib. f. Xen. Orch. Hi. 26 (1900) ; with
pseudobulb ; leaf one, roundish, acute, cordate, many-nerved,
with long, sheathing leaf- stalk ; lip greenish with five purple
nerves, triangular-cuneate with a broad prceinorse-apiculate apex,
the two upper corners prseinorse and irregularly erose ; shortly
2-lobed, crimson callus at base. — Midi. op. cit. 280. L. cardio-
phylla Ames Orch. Hi. 92, t. 59 (1908). L. rotundifolia Cogn. in
Fedde Bepert. vi. 305 (1909), & in Symb. Ant. vi. 378.

In peat and decaying leaves or mosses, in damp shady places ; in fl.
Nov., Dec, in fr. Feb.; near Cinchona, 5000 ft., Cradivickl Harris ! ;
below John Crow Peak, 5500-6000 ft., J.P. 239, Sullivan ! Harris ! Fl.
Jam. 7529, 7574, 7733, 9784, 9799.— Bolivia.

Plant 3-4J in. high. Stem a creeping rhizome from which are given
off at intervals secondary stems which become thickened and form
pseudobulbs, 8-10 mm. 1., covered by the sheathing leaf-stalk and sheaths.
Sheaths, one at each node, papery, -8-2 cm. 1. Leaf, blade 3-4 cm. 1.,
2-4 cm. br. ; stalk 2-3 '5 cm. 1. Scape 5-10 cm. 1., angled. Raceme
1-4 cm. 1., somewhat lax below, becoming crowded above. Flowers
greenish, perianth £ in. 1. Bracts linear-lanceolate, 1-nerved, 2*5-4 mm. 1.
Pedicels 3 mm. 1. Ovary 6-angled, about 2 mm. 1. Sepals 1-nerved ;
lateral lanceolate, obtuse, about 4 mm. 1., 1*4 mm. br. ; median
oblong-lanceolate, about 4 mm. 1., 1-2 mm. br. Petals 1-nerved, linear,
4*3-5 mm. 1., -5 mm. br. Lip 3' 5 mm. 1., 3-3*5 mm. br. Column erect,
curved towards apex, 2*5 mm. 1. Capsule ellipsoidal, 5-6 mm. 1.

The flowers of the type from Bolivia are rather larger than those from
Jamaica, but we fail to see any specific difference. The distribution
of L. vexillifera and L. elata shows that we may look for the occurrence
of L. neuroglossa at intermediate stations.

3. L. Harrisii Fawc. & Bendle in Journ. Bot. xlvii. 7 (1909) ;
with pseudobulb ; leaves two, oval-elliptical, abruptly acute,
with a somewhat long, sheathing stalk ; lip greenish, veined
and tinged with purple or brown, elliptical, obtuse, cordate,
veins prominent in the middle and at the base converging into
two calli. — Cogn. in Symb. Ant. vi. 375. (PI. 6, f. 1-5.) Type
in Herb. Mus. Brit.

In spongy peat and vegetable mould or amongst mosses in damp
shady places ; in fl. and fr. Sept.-Dec. Cinchona 5000 ft., J.P. 229,
Morris ! Green Hill Wood, 4000 ft. ; near John Crow Peak, 5300-6000 ft. ;
Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7732, 7737, 9786, 9795.

Plant 4 to 9 in. high. Stem at base slightly thickened and at length
forming a pseudobulb 2*5 cm. 1., 8 mm. br., covered by the sheathing

46 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

petioles and two Loose papery sheaths, upper sheaths :'>-5-5 cm. 1. Leaves,
blade of upper Leaf 7 1- cm. 1., 4-6-5 cm. In-. Scape 7 L8 cm. I., 8-winged.
Raceme - 5*5 cm., lax. Flowers large, greenish, usually from 15 to 10,
perianth nearly 4 in. 1. Unicts 4-5 mm. 1., Lanceolate, 1-norved. Pedicels,

without ovary, S ID mm. Sepals 9 mm. 1., 2"5 nun. hr., greenish margined
with purple, linear, acuminate. Petals equal in length to sepal-, purplish,
filiform. Lip l"> nun. 1., 8*5 mm. br. Column 4-5 mm. 1., greenish,
Blender, curved, enlarged at hase and below the anther. Capsule I'd cm. 1.,
ellipsoidal, narrowed at base.

Allied to L. Scmndersiana, but a larger plant with evident stem, and
leaves and flowers twice as long.

4. L. Saundersiana Beichb. f. in Oard. Chron. 1872, 1003 ;
with corm ; leaves two, the lower larger, roundish-ovate, cordate
to oval, obtuse ; leaf-stalk sheathing, one-third to about one-half
the length of the blade ; lip purple, oval, cordate, apex rounded,
sometimes minutely apiculate. — Midi. op. cit. 274. (PI. 6, f. 6-10.)

Damp shadv banks amongst mosses; in fl. and fr. Nov.-Dec. ; Cin-
chona, 5000 ft., Watt ! J.P. 5, 236, Morris ! C. Nicholls ! Harris ! Fl. Jam.
7531, 7734, 7739, 9789.

Plant very variable in size, 1^-4 in. high. Stem swollen below the
ground into a small spherical corm covered by the sheathing leaf-stalks
and one or two sheaths, upper sheath 5 to 15 mm. Leaves, lower blade
very variable, 12 x 11 mm. to 30 x 25 mm., sometimes to 69 x 40 mm.
Scape angled, edges scabrid. Raceme with many flowers, 18-45 mm. 1.
Flowers green in bud, dark purple or sometimes crimson when expanded,
dark purple when dried, perianth about ^ in. 1. Pedicels 4-7 mm. Bracts
4-5 mm., thin, lanceolate, acuminate, 1-nerved. Sepals 4-5 mm. 1.,
shorter than the lip, greenish in bud, colourless during flowering, lanceo-
late. Petals longer than the sepals, purple, narrower, linear, 6 mm. 1.,
•5 mm. br. Lip 5-6 mm. 1., 4*5-5 mm. br. Column curved, enlarged at
base and apex. Capsule (unripe) 8 mm. 1., ellipsoidal, narrowed at base.

5. L. elata Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1175 (1828), with pseudo-
bulb ; leaves few (3-5), erect, broadly elliptical, to lanceolate-
acute, tapering at the base into sheathing stalks, many-nerved ;
lip purple, very broadly spathulate, emarginate, with a lunate
callus at base. — Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 27 (excl. syn.) ; Griseb.
Fl. Br. W. Ind. 612 ; Bidl. op. cit. 259 ; Cogn. in Fl. Bras. in.
pt. 4. 286.

In shady places; in fl. June-Dec, in fr. July- April; Macfadyen ;
Distin\ Wilson ! March \ Near Castleton, J.P. 2395, Symel Morris !
Morse's Gap ; Silver Hill ; Cedar Hurst, 2000 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7608,
7659, 7878. — Cuba, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, St. Thomas, Guadeloupe,
Dominica, St. Vincent, Trinidad, Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil,
Paraguay, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru.

Plant 12-15 in. high (sometimes only 6 in.). Stem forming a pseudo-
bulb, 2-5 cm. 1., 6-8 mm. br., covered by the sheathing leaf-stalks and
sheaths. Sheaths, 2 or more, passing into leaves. Leaves 1-3 dm. 1.,
4-10 cm. br. Scape 2-3 dm. 1., angled. Raceme 8-11 cm. 1., somewhat
lax. Flowers purple and green, 10-20, perianth nearly ^ in. 1. Bracts
lanceolate, 1-nerved, 5-8 mm. 1. Pedicels 5 or 6 mm. 1. (somewhat longer
in fruit). Ovary 8 mm. 1., narrowly 3- winged. Sepals greenish streaked
with purple, 5-nerved, oval-elliptical, obtuse; median 5*5 mm. 1., 2-5 mm.

LIPAEIS 47

br. ; lateral shorter, nearly 5 mm. 1., 2*5 mm. br., slightly falcate. Petals
greenish streaked with purple, 3-nerved, linear-oblanceolate, obtuse, as
long as the median sepal, 5'5 mm. 1., about 1*5 mm. br. Lip 4 mm. 1.,
and nearly as broad. Column suberect, curved, channelled anteriorly and
winged, 35 mm. 1. Capsule obovoid, 15 cm. 1., 5-6 mm. br.

18. GALEANDRA Lindl.

Terrestrial herb. Raceme terminal. Sepals equal, free,
spreading. Petals similar to sepals. Lip attached at base of
column, orbicular, produced into a very short conical spur, erect,
disk with longitudinal crests. Column short, without a foot.
Anther terminal, opercular, incumbent, imperfectly 2-celled ;
pollinia 4, ovoid, waxy, on the dehiscence of the anther affixed
to a gland of the rostellum.

Species about 25, natives of tropical America from Mexico
and the West Indies to Brazil.

Galeandra Beyriehii Beichb. f. in Linnsea xxii. 854 (1849);
Cogn. in Fl. Bras. Hi. pt. 4, 308, /. 74 & in Symb. Ant. vi. 380.
(PI. 7, f. 1-3.)

In dry woodland; in fl. and fr. Sept. ; St. Ann, J. P. 531. Steer ! Hope-
ton, Westmoreland, 1300 ft., Harris) Fl. Jam. 9780. — Cuba, Venezuela,
Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru.

Plant terrestrial, to 4 ft. high. Stem robust, with thickened pseudo-
bulb-like joints, including raceme 8-12 dm. 1. with no leaves during
flowering, but covered with sheaths and terminated by a raceme of
greenish flowers. Rhizome short, stout, covered with scales, and bearing
numerous roots. Sheaths, 12-15, large, loose, scarious, somewhat over-
lapping, free portion triangular-oblong, acute or shortly acuminate, 3-10
cm. 1., at the base of the stem small and embracing, generally tubular below,
but becoming bract-like above. Leaves (not seen, but from figure and
description in Fl. Bras. loc. cit.) appearing after flowering, erect, large,
elongate-lanceolate, very acute, with 3 thick nerves, 3 dm. 1., 3-3*5 cm.
br., tapering insensibly below into a robust stalk about 1 dm. 1. Eaceme
long, lax, several-flowered (10-12), a fruiting specimen measured 2*5 dm. 1.
Bracts oblong, tapering to an acute or shortly acuminate apex, about as
long as the flower-stalks, 1-2 cm. 1., 3-6 mm. br. Flowers greenish,
erect-spreading, large, stalked, perianth nearly an inch 1. Ovary terete,
tapering gradually to base, about as long as sepals. Sepals linear-oblong,
tapering to base and apex, keeled, 5-nerved, green, 2*3 cm. 1., lateral
rather broader than median (6 mm. br.), with a blunt apiculate apex ;
median 5 mm. br., obtuse. Petals oblanceolate, abruptly acute, 5-7-
nerved, light green, a little shorter than the sepals but as broad as the
lateral. Lip with numerous nerves, almost orbicular, shorter than the
sepals, broader than long, about 2 cm. 1., 2- 5 cm. br. when flattened,
green with lines of crimson, disk with 4 crests running from the base to
the middle, pubescent between the crests, in the middle and along the
nerves above the crests. Column barely 1 cm. 1., stout, thicker upwards,
concave in front with short hairs on apex ; anther with short hairs,
shortly conical. Capsule reflexed, ellipsoidal, about 2- 5 cm. 1.

48 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

19. POLYSTACHYA Hook.

Kpiphytie herbs. Stems Leafy, short.. Bheathed at the base,
sometimes thickened into slender pseudobulbs. Leaves few,
in fcwo ranks, oblong-ligulate, many-nerved bu\ do1 plaited,

(•out parted at the base into sheaths and jointed with them.
Peduncle terminal, with a few sheaths above the leaf. Raceme
terminal on the leafy stem, simple, or several short racemes
along a common rachis forming a narrow lax panicle. Flowers
small. Bracts small. Sepals connivent, median free, lateral
broader, at the base attached to the foot of the column. Petals
narrow. Lip on the upper side of the flower, jointed with the
foot of the column, at the base contracted, incumbent, then
erect; 3-lobed ; lateral lobes but little prominent, erect, median
spreading or recurved, undivided. Column very short, not
winged, produced at the base into a foot; clinandrium short,
truncate. Anther terminal, opercular, incumbent, very convex,
1-celled or imperfectly 2-celled ; pollinia 4, waxy, broadly ovate,
lightly adpressed in pairs, or connate into 2, not appencliculate,
affixed to a short stalk or gland. Capsule oblong.

Species about 170, natives chiefly of tropical and south
Africa, some of India and Malaya, a few of tropical America.

Flowers with very prominent chin 1. P. minuta.

Flowers smaller, with chin not prominent 2. P. minor.

1. P. minuta Britton hi Small FL S.E. Un. St. 328 (1903);
lateral lobes of lip oblong, sometimes subfalcate, obtuse ; sinus
above middle of lip ; callus extending along the median nerve from
the base to the middle. — P. luteola Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 103 (1825) ;
Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 73 (in part, excl. syn. P. mauritiana) ;
Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 628. P. extinctoria & P. luteola Beichb.f.
in Waljp. Ann. Bot. vi. 638, 639 (1861). Helleborine ramosa
ike. Plum. PL Amer. (Burm.) t. 185,/. 1. Epidendrum minutum
Alibi. PL Guian. it. 824 (1775). Dendrobium polystachyum
Sw. in Vet. Handl. Stochh. xxi. 247 (1800) ; Lindl. Coll. Bot. t. 20
(non Thouars & A. Bich.). Cranichis luteola Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ.
1433 (1806). (PI. 7, f. 4, 5.)

On trees and rocks; in fl. and fr. Nov. to April; Wilson ! Fairfield,
Wullschlaegel 1055 (partly) ! J. P. 21, 22, Morris ! Moneague, Lady Blake !
Content Road, Campbell ! Mavis Bank, 2000 ft., 7765, Harris !— Cuba,
Hispaniola, Porto Rico, St. Thomas, St. Eustatius, Dominica, Martinique,
St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Grenada, Trinidad, Florida, Mexico, Guatemala,
Colombia, B. Guiana, Surinam, F. Guiana, Brazil, Peru.

Plant 8-14 in. high. Pseudobulb about 3 cm. 1. Leaves acute or
somewhat obtuse, sometimes slightly oblique, 10-20 cm. 1., 12-28 mm. br.
Panicle 1-5-3 dm. 1., generally longer than the leaves. Bracts triangular,
acuminate, 2 mm. 1. Flowers yellowish-green, perianth \ in. 1., and
somewhat broader ; buds very obliquely 3-cornered, apex somewhat acute.

POLYSTACHYA 49

Ovary cylindrical, 4-5 mm. 1. Sepals 3-nerved, apiculate ; median tri-
angular-ovate, 3 mm. 1., 2 mm. br. ; lateral deltoid, very oblique, 3*5 mm.
1., 4 mm. br. ; cbin obtuse. Petals linear-subspatbulate, subobtuse, apicu-
late, 3 mm. 1. Li}), apex of lateral lobes extending to or beyond middle
of median lobe ; median larger, roundisb-elliptical, margin curled, apex
rounded, emarginate, apiculate ; disk with very short glandular hairs, and
a callus extending along the median nerve from the base to the middle ;
4 mm. 1., 3*3 mm. br. Column, inch anther, 1 mm. 1. Capsule 1 cm. 1.

2. P. minop Fawc. & Bendle in Joum. Bot. xlviii. 106 (1910);
lateral lobes of lip small, rounded ; sinus not above middle of
lip ; callus basal, projecting, conical. — P. foliosa Griseb. loc. cit.
(as regards spec, from Jamaica) non Beichb. f. (PI. 7, f. 6, 7.)

On trees and walls ; in fl. and fr. Sept. -Jan. ; road to Guanaboa and
Red Hills, Sloane Herb. vii. 86 ! Fairfield,, Wullschlaegel, 1055 (partly) !
J. P. 523, Morris ! near Browns Town, Miss T. M. Barrett ! Claremont,
1700 ft., Fawcett & Harris I Lancaster, 2200 ft., 2500 ft., 3000 ft.; Belve-
dere, Hanover, 500 ft. ; Harris ! Ramble, Hanover ; below Guava Ridge ;
Fawcett ! Fl. Jam. 7568, 7777, 7805, 10,434, 10,457.— B. Guiana.

Plant 5-12 in. high. Pseudobulb '5-2 cm. 1. Leaves obliquely
emarginate, 7-20 cm. 1., 11-25 mm. br. Panicle 1 to nearly 3 dm. 1.,
generally shorter than the leaves. Bracts triangular, shortly acuminate,
1'5 mm. 1. Flowers yellowish-white, perianth £ in. 1. Sepals 3-nerved,
apiculate; median oblong-elliptical, 2'5-2*7 mm. 1., 1-5 mm. br. ; lateral
triangular-ovate, slightly oblique, 3 mm. 1., 2 mm. br. ; chin rounded.
Petals linear-subspathulate, acute, 2-5 mm. 1. Lip, apex of lateral lobes
scarcely extending beyond sinus ; median much larger, roundish-elliptical,
obscurely apiculate, margin curled ; disk with very short, mealy hairs,
about 3 mm. 1. ; median lobe 2 mm. br. Column, incl. anther, about
1 cm. 1. Capsule 6-8 mm. 1.

Differs from P. foliosa Reichb. f. in being a larger plant, with larger
flowers, also in other details, especially in petals and lip ; the conical
projecting callus at the base of the lip is characteristic.

20. CRYPT0PH0RANTHUS Barb. Rodr.

Epiphytic herbs, with creeping rhizome without pseudobulbs.
Stems with one leaf, short, with scarious sheaths. Leaf leathery
or fleshy, more or less erect. FlowTers rather small, shortly
stalked, solitary, or sometimes a few clustered, at the base of the
leaf. Sepals connate altogether, except for an open chink on
each side between the median and the lateral sepals. Petals
much smaller than the sepals. Lip free, a little longer than the
petals, parallel with the column, very shortly clawed, jointed to
the foot of the column, 3-lobed. Column erect, produced at
the base into a rather long foot. Anther terminal, opercular,
incumbent, hooded, 1 -celled ; pollinia 2, waxy, narrowly obovoid,
compressed. Capsule broadly ellipsoidal.

Species 9, natives of W. Indies and tropical America.

C. atropurpureus Bolfe in Gard. Chron. ii. 693 (1887).
Specklinia atropurpurea Lindl. in Bot. Beg. under t. 1797 (1835).
Pleurothallis atropurpurea Lindl. in Bot. Beg. xxviii. Misc. 81

E

50 ORCHIDS OF JAM UOA

(1842). Masdevallia fenestrata Lindl. ex Hook, in Bot. Mag. t.
ih'.l (1845). (PI. 7, f. 8 in.)

On trees, banks and decaying Logs; in tl. A.ug. Dec, in fr. Apr., Aug.;
Purdie\ J.P. 184, Morris\ Mansfield, near Bath; Mabess River, 8000
4000 ft.; Holly Mount, Mt. Diabolo, 2600-3000 ft. ; Harrisl Fl. -lam.
7580, 7626, 7817, 891 L, 9014, 9891, L0.466.— Cuba.

Plant 8 6 in. high. Stem 8 -5 cm. 1., 5-7-jointed, covered with
sheaths; sheaths increasing iii size from below upwards, -5-3 cm. 1.,
dilated at mouth, glabrous. Leaf ohovatc-elliptical, tapering into a short
stalk (I cm. 1.) which is enclosed in the to]' sheath, ". 9 cm. 1., 1*5-3 cm.
br. Pedicel 2-jointed, 13 mm. 1. Ovary 7-8 mm. 1., 12-winged. Bracts
at each joint of pedicel, sheathing, one at upper joint G-7 mm. 1., with
3 or 4 smaller at hase. blowers ahout h in. 1., deep crimson. S<-/>tils
14-15 mm. 1., 5 mm. br., conduplicate ; chink 5 mm. from apex, 2 mm. 1.,
*6-- 7 mm. br. Petals nearly 4 mm. 1., 2 mm. br., oblong, truncate,
3-toothed at apex. Lip 4'5 rnm. 1., '75 mm. br. at base, hastate, lateral
lobes folded in front, a minute auricle at each side at the hase. Column
2-2-5 mm. 1. ; clinandrium 2-toothed in front and 1-toothed behind.

21. STELIS Sw.

Stems erect, clustered, simple, with one leaf at the apex,
2-jointed, with a sheath to each joint and small basal sheaths.
Leaf leathery, contracted at the base into a short stalk, jointed
near the base. Flowers very small, numerous on a long raceme
springing from the base of the leaf, enclosed by a spathaceous
bract and smaller inner bracts. Floral bracts small, sheathing
below, about equalling the pedicel. Sepals generally subequal,
lateral slightly oblique, spreading, shortly or deeply connate.
Petals much shorter, broad, with thickened margins. Lip sessile
at the base of the column, equal and somewhat similar to the
petals. Column short, broad, generally thicker above ; clinan-
drium with a lobe at each side, and a posterior lobe which is
3-lobulate ; rostellum tongue-like. Anther terminal, opercular,
incumbent, semiglobose, incompletely 2-celled ; pollinia 2, waxy,
pyriform, generally connected at the apex by slight viscum.
Capsule small, ovoid or oblong, 3-cornered.

Species about 210, natives of tropical America, from the
West Indies and Mexico to Brazil and Peru.

Closed flowers rounded; sepals elliptical ... 1. S> micrantha.
Closed flowers 3-cornered ; sepals deltoid ... 2. S. ophioglossoides.

1. S. micrantha Sw. in Schrad. Journ. Bot, ii. 240 (1799) ;
racemes somewhat longer than leaf ; closed flowers rounded ;
sepals elliptical-ovate, longer than broad, shortly connate at
base, nerves slightly prominent below, the central nerve
generally forming a keel in the lateral sepals. — Siv. Fl, Ind. Occ.
1553 ; Smith Exot, Bot. t. 75 ; Hook. Exot. Fl t. 158; Griseb. Fl, Br.
W Ind. 611 ; Cogn, in Symb. Ant. vi. 386. EjDidendruin micran-
thum Siv. Prodr. 125 (1788) & Icon. ined. t, 50. Dendrobium

STELIS 51

micranthum Sw. in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 84 (1 799). (PI. 7, f. 15-28.)
Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trees and rocks ; in fl. all the year ; Swartz ! Macfadyen ! Blue
Mt. Peak, Priori Mt. Moses, J.P. 23, Morris I Blue Mt. Peak, Fawcettl
New Haven Gap, Moore ! Morse's Gap, 5000 ft. ; Woodcutters Gap near
Newcastle, 4000 ft. : ridge from Newhaven Gap to Vinegar Hill, 4000 ft. ;
Greenwich woodland, 4500 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7537, 7815, 7835, 10,087,
10,141.

Stem 7-12 cm. 1., 1*5-2 mm. br., sometimes as short as 2 or 3 cm., or
as long as 15 cm. Sheaths striate, apex truncate, apiculate, generally
covering stem, scarious, soon decaying. Leaf lanceolate-oblong or ligu-
late, apex obtuse, sometimes minutely toothed, generally somewhat longer
than stem, 11 or 12 cm. 1., about 1*5 cm. br., sometimes as short as 7 cm.,
or as long as 16 cm. Raceme solitary (rarely 2), many-flowered, 12-14 cm. 1.,
rarely longer ; spathaceous bract at base about 12 mm. 1. Bracts sheathing
at base, apex rounded, acute or apiculate to shortly acuminate, 1*5-2 m. 1.
Floivers : the size of the flower varies considerably : in Swartz's original
specimen the median sepal is 2 3 mm. 1., 1*4-1 "5 mm. br., and the petal
• 6 mm. 1. and br. ; in Fl. Jam. 7537 the median sepal is 2 • 5 mm. 1. and br.,
and the petal -75 mm. br. ; in Fl. Jam. 7835 the median sepal is 3 mm. 1.,
2*5 mm. br., and the petal 1 mm. br. Measurements of parts of the
flower from dried specimens are somewhat misleading. In specimens put
into spirit when collected (Fl. Jam. 10,087) the median sepal is 3 "75 mm. 1.,
3 mm. br., and the sepals are not distinctly keeled on back (petal
1*2 mm. br.) ; sepals from the dried specimen (moistened in hot water)
measure 3*5 mm. 1., 2*4 mm. br., and are obviously keeled. The flowers
from the type specimen, and also from the Marquis of Blandford's specimen
figured by Sowerby (J. E. Smith, Exot. Bot. t. 75), are much smaller, but
these are evidently not fully developed. Sepals pale green, 3-nerved, the
central nerve in the median sepal sometimes forming a dorsal mucro just
below apex, lateral nerves generally meeting the central nerve above in
lateral sepals, but not always in the median sepal, lateral shorter but as
broad or broader. Petals deep purple, sub-quadrangular, upper margin
subdeltoid-lunate. Lip deep purple, somewhat like petals but broader
above, upper surface semicircular with a narrowly elliptical median
depression, with the upper margin lunate. Column deep purple.

2. S. ophioglossoides Sw. in Schrad. Journ. Bot. ii. 239
(1799) ; raceme much longer than leaf * closed flowers 3-cornered ;
sepals deltoid-ovate, broader than long, connate nearly to outer
basal angle, nerves only slightly prominent below, angles at base
and apex somewhat rectangular. — Sw. Fl. hid. Occ. 1551 ; Lincll.
Fol. Orch. Stelis, 7 (in part) not in Orch. Cuh. Wright ; Griseb. loc
cit. * Cogn. op. cit. 387 (in part). S. polystachya Cogn. loc. tit.
Ruscus? foliis ovatis petiolatis &c. Plum. PI. Amer. (Burm.)
172, /. 176/. 3 (1758). Epidendrum ophioglossoicles Jacq. Enum.
PI. Carib. 29 (1760) & Sel. Stirp. 225, t, 133,/. 2, Ed.pict. t. 211 ;
Sw. Obs. Bot. 331. E. trigoniflorum Sw. Prodr. 125 (1788) &
Icon, ined. t. 49. Dendrobium ophioglossoides Sw. in Nov. Act.
Upsal. vi. 83 (1799). (PI. 7, f. 11-14.) Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trees and rocks; in fl. all the year; Sivartz \ J.P. 12, Morris !
J.P. 2024, Symel near Morse's Gap, 5000 ft., Fawcettl near Moy Hall,
Sullivan ! Greenhill, Moore ! Mabess Kiver, 3000 ft. ; Cinchona, Harris !
Fl. Jam. 7764a, 7764b.

E 2

52 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

Similar to S.tnicrantha with the following differences : Stems 8-9 cm. 1.,
1-2 mm. br. Lea/ Longer than the steins, 5-11 cm. 1., 1 2 cm. br.
Racemes, 1 :*, much Longei than leaf, 12-22 cm. 1. Bracts shortly acu-
minate, 2 :? mm. 1. Sepals greenish-yellow with purplish tinge at base,

apes obtuse, mucronate, 3-nerved, lateral nerves generally meeting the
cent nil nerve above in lateral sepals, but not always in median, median
J -J. •". mm. 1., 2*5-2'6 mm. br., lateral 1*6 2 mm. 1., 2-^-1 mm. br.
Petals deep purple, broadly roundish or obovate, upper margin lunate,
with very thin points, *7 mm. 1., "9-1 -1 mm. br. Lip deep purple,
angular-semicircular, "75 mm. 1., 1 mm. br.

22. PLEUROTHALLIS 11. Br.

Stems clustered or branches of a creeping stem or rhizome,
simple, somewhat long, short or very short, with one leaf at the
apex, sometimes with one to numerous sheaths below the leaf, not
pseudobulbous. Racemes, one to numerous, at the base of the
leaf, within the sheath or spathe, simple, with several flowers or
laxly few-flowered, or in a few species shortened, 1-3-flowered,
and densely crowded, or sometimes solitary. Flowers small,
sometimes very small, or in a few species of medium size or rather
large, generally on one side of the raceme. Bracts small, shortly
tubular. Sepals about the same length, erect or spreading ; the
median free or very shortly connate with the lateral at the
base ; lateral connate at the base or higher into one, entire,
2-fid or generally 2-partite, generally concave or slightly gibbous
under the foot of the column. Petals shorter or narrower than
the sepals, sometimes very small, more rarely about as long as
the sepals. Lip shorter than the petals or more rarely a little
longer, at the base generally contracted and jointed with the
base of the column, 3-lobed ; lateral lobes erect, embracing the
column, or small, dentiform, or obsolete ; the median somewhat
spreading. Column as long as the lip or a little shorter,
semiterete, the angles sometimes membranous-margined, not
truly winged, at the base generally produced into a very
short foot ; clinandrium small or with a membranous extension,
oblique, entire or shortly 3-lobed. Anther terminal or within
the margin of the clinandrium, opercular, incumbent, 1-2-celled,
pollinia 2, waxy, globose, ovoid or pyriform, free or cohering at
the apex by a sparse viscid substance. Capsule sub-globose or
ellipsoidal, 3-keeled or 3-cornered.

Species nearly 600, natives of the mountains of tropical
America from the West Indies and Mexico to Brazil and Bolivia.

I. Spathe at base of racemes large and leathery.
Racemes solitary, mucb longer than leaf.

Sepals yellow, acute 1. P. longissima.

Sepals purple, acuminate 2. P. racemiflora.

Racemes two or more, clustered, not longer
than leaf.

Lip undivided ; sepals white, gibbous 3. P. gclida.

Lip 3-lobed ; sepals pale yellow 4. P. velaticaulis.

PLEUEOTHALLIS

bo

II. Spathe inconspicuous, scarious.

A. Sheaths of the stem straight, adpressed,
not ciliate.

1. Stem evident, leaf distant from base.

a. Racemes many-flowered, longer

than the leaf or about as long.
Sepals yellowish-green, shortly

acute, connivent 5.

Sepals brownish-purple, obtuse,

connivent 6.

Sepals deep purple, acuminate,

divaricate 7.

b. Flower-stalks with few flowers or

only one, shorter than leaf.
Leaf 4 or 5 inches 1. Flower-
stalks very numerous, short,

clustered 10.

Leaf less than 4 inches 1.

Basal sheaths hirsute 8.

Basal sheaths glabrous, ovary
smooth.
Petals not subulate.
Sepals greenish-yellow.

Leaf linear-lanceolate 9.
Leaf elliptical-lanceo-
late 12.

Sepals dark purple 11.

Petals subulate 14.

Basal sheaths glabrous, ovary

warty 13.

Leaf 8 or 9 inches 1. Sepals
rough, about § inch 1. i 19.

2. Stem very short, leaf close to the root.

Stems clustered.

Flower-stalk shorter than leaf-
stalk. Capsule covered with

soft prickles 18.

Flower-stalk shorter than leaf.

Capsule smooth 20.

Flower-stalks much longer than
leaf (or about as long in P.
lanceola). Capsule smooth.

Leaf roundish 15.

Leaf not roundish.

Flower-stalk with one flower ;
lateral sepals connate

nearly to apex 16.

Flower - stalk few - flowered ;

lateral sepals free or not

more than i-connate.

Flower-stalk much longer

than leaf.

Sepals, apex obtuse ;

flower-stalk zig-zag 21.

Sepals, apex tailed 22.

Flower-stalk about as long
as leaf ;.. 23.

P. alpestris.
P. multirostris.

P. laxa.

P. ruscifolia.
P. hirsutula.

P. pruinosa.

P. Wilsonii.
P. brachypetala.
P. Morrisii.

P. monophylla.

P. uncinate/,.

P. tribuloides.
P. jamaicensis.

P. rotundifolia.

P. corniculata.

P. delicatula.

P. Helena.

P. lanceola.

54 ORl inns OF JAMAICA

Stems at Intervals from oreeping
rhizome.

Leaf oval-roundish 17. /'. testifolia.

Leaf linear-spathulate 24. P. sertulcurioides.

B. Sheaths (as in Lejpcmthes) with mouth

dilated, margined, ciliate. Leaves
A inch 1. or less.
Flower -stalk much shorter than leaf ;

stems much shorter than leaf..... ... 25. P. microlepcmthes.

Flower-stalk longer than leaf ; stem not
shorter than leaf.

Stem with more than one leaf 26. P.foliaht.

Stem with only one leaf 27. P.trilobata.

In the sequence of the species we have followed the arrangement
adopted hy Prof. Cogniaux in Urban's Symbolse Antillanse vi. 391-7.

1. P. longissima Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleuroth. 31 (1859);
raceme solitary, many-flowered, two or three times as long as
leaf, enclosed by large leathery spathe ; sepals greenish-yellow,
acute, lateral connate almost to apex. — Griseb. Fl, Br. W. Ind.
607 ; Beichb. f. in Saund. Bcf. Bot. t. 141 (1872) ; Cogn. in Symb.
Ant, vi. 397. P. racemiflora Lodd. Bot. Gab. x. t. 949 (1824) ;
Lindl. in Hook. Exot. Fl, t. 123 (1825), non in Fol. Orch. Type
in Lindley's Herb, at Kew.

On trees and rocks; in fl. March- June ; Bertcro ; Macfadyenl St.
Mary, Purdie ! McNab ; Wilson ! Fairfield, Wullschlaegel, 1383 ! St.
Mary, J.P. 2331, Symel St. Ann, Miss T. M. Barrett ! Claverty Cottage,
Moore ! Back Woods, Portland Gap, Miss B. Qossetl Mt. Moses, 2000 ft.,
Harris 1 Fl. Jam. 9018, 10,424, 8118 (fide Cogn.).— Guatemala.

Plant 1-1 £ ft. high. Stems 4-17 cm. 1., shorter or a little longer than
the leaves, clustered, clothed below with 2 or 3 adpressed acute sheaths.
Leaf 9-14 cm. 1., 2-3 cm. br., sessile, oblong or oblong-elliptical, obtuse,
tapering to base. Raceme to 35 cm. 1., with 15-26 secund flowers ; spathe
1-2 cm. 1. Bracts 3-4 mm. 1., slightly shorter than pedicels, scarious,
sheathing, obliquely truncate and obtuse. Pedicels short, 5 mm. 1. Flowers
about * in. 1., greenish-yellow. Sepals 7-9-5 mm. 1., with mid-nerves
prominent on back; lateral 4-4- 3 mm. br., broadly ovately concave;
median 3-3 • 3 mm. br., ovate, subacute, 3-nerved. Petals 6-8 mm. 1.,
2-1-2-5 mm. br., narrowly oval-oblong, broadest below the middle, to
lanceolate, apex rounded, very minutely apiculate to acute, exceeding lip.
Lip shorter than petals, when flattened barely exceeding 4 mm. 1., limb
3-3*5 mm. 1., 2-2-25 mm. br., with large basal auricles and short claw,
roundish, 3-nerved, mid-nerve thickened in upper part. Column about
3 mm. 1., slender ; clinandrium membranous, ovate, blunt.

2. P. raeemiflora Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleuroth. 34 (1859);
racemes usually more than one, but only one liowering, many-
flowered, two or three times as long as leaf, enclosed by large
leathery spathe ; sepals purple, long acuminate, lateral -^-connate.
— Griseb. op. cit. 607 ; Cogn. op. cit. 398. P. oblongifolia
Lindl. in Gomp. Bot, Mag. ii. 355 (1837). Epidendrum
racemifiorum Sw. Prodr. 125 (1788). Dendrobium racemi-

PLEUROTHALLIS 55

florum Sw. in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 83 (1799) & Fl. Ind. Occ. 1543.
Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trees and rocks; in fl. Aug. -Nov., in fr. throughout the year;
Swart z ! Macfadyen ! Mt. Moses, 2500 ft., J.P. 2073 (in part), Syme I
Blue Mts., J.P. 2073 (in part), Morris ! John Crow Peak, Moore ! Vinegar
Hill, Sherringl Cinchona, 5000 ft.; Morse's Gap; Old England; Harris !
Fl. Jam. 7685, 7818.— Cuba.

Plant 5 to 12 in. high. Stems to 10 cm. 1., 2 mm. br., with two
developed internodes, clustered, terete at the base, compressed and angular
above; sheaths, upper about 4 cm. 1., loose, brown, membranous, longi-
tudinally striate, widening considerably towards the mouth. Leaf generally
about as long as the stem, blade 5 -5-9 cm. 1., l*5-2-8 cm. br. ; oval-
oblong, narrowed at the base into a short stalk (1 crn. or less). Racemes
14-24 cm. 1., with 10-12 flowers in two rows, lax; spathe 1*5-3 cm. 1.,
compressed, obtuse. Bracts 4-7 mm. 1., slightly shorter than the pedicels,
scarious, ovate, obtuse, sheathing at base. Flowers about § in. 1., magenta-
coloured. Sepals 7-10 mm. 1., connivent, concave, lanceolate, median
2 mm. br., lateral 4*5 mm. br. Petals 4 mm. 1., 2 mm. br., less than half
as long as the sepals, oval, narrowed at the base, apex round, crenulate,
3-nerved. Lip longer than the petals, clawed, limb 4 mm. 1., 1*5 mm. br.,
concave, disk 3-keeled, elliptical, apex obtuse, triangular. Column scarcely
equalling the petals; clinandrium shortly 3-fid. Capsule 7-9 mm. L,
oblong.

3. P. gelida Lindl. in Bot. Beg. xxvii. Misc. 91 (1841) •
racemes two together, marry-flowered, a little shorter than leaf,
enclosed by large leathery spathe ; sepals white, gibbous, lateral
often i-connate ; lip undivided. — Lindl. Fol. Orch. Bleuroth. 4
(1859); Griseb. op. cit. 607; Kranzl. in Xen. Orchid. Hi. 116,
t. 267, II. (1900). Cogn. op. cit. 399. P. univaginata Lindl.
in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, i. 326 (1858) & Fol. Orch.
Bleuroth. 4 ; Griseb. loc. cit. ; Cogn. op. cit. 398.

On trees in rockv woodland ; in fl. Dec. ; Manchester, Purdie ! Iron
Face, Chester Vale, 3500 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7836.— Cuba, Porto Rico.

Plant often 1J ft. high. Stems clustered, about 3 mm. thick near the
base ; 2-jointed ; sheath above the base of the stem somewhat compressed,
membranous, blunt, to 8*5 cm. 1. Leaf elliptical, 18-25 cm. 1., including
stalk (3-4 cm.), 4-5*5 cm. br. Racemes '12-14 cm. 1., with 16-20 secund
flowers; spathe 1*5-2 cm. 1. Bracts barely 2 mm. 1., short, obtuse.
Flowers nearly | in. 1., pale yellow. Sepals 7 mm. 1., erect, forming a
cup, subelliptic, obtuse, with short hairs on the inside. Petals 3 5 mm. 1.,
subovate. Lip 2*5 mm. 1., widening above to a broad rounded apex,
bearing two wing-like keels on the upper face which do not reach the
apex, with two teeth in the middle of each side. Column less than
2 mm. 1., with a minute tooth on each side at the apex. Capsule ellipsoidal,
3-ribbed.

Lindley says of P. univaginata, "very like the last" (P. gelida),
" but distinguished by the state of the sepals and form of the lip."
Examination of the type specimens in Lindley's herbarium and of other
available material leads to the conclusion that we are dealing with only
one species. The degree of union of the lateral sepals varies somewhat,
while the hairs to which Lindley refers in his description " sepalis intus
pilosis," are present to a very slight extent in the type specimen ; the form
of the lip is the same in both, the two median wing-like keels being present,
though Lindley says of univaginata, "labello ecarinato."

56 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

Neither at Kev* nor the British Museum are thoro any specimens
named P. gelida, and Grisohach moroly quotes [sindley's description,
which was based on a cultivated plant obtained by Messrs. Loddigos from
Jamaica.

The figure in Xenia Orchidacca (Hi. t. 267, II.) represents the flower
more widely open than obtains in any specimens we have seen.

4. P. velaticaulis Beichb. f. in Linnsea xxii. 824 (1849) ;
racemes 1-5, with numerous flowers, shorter than leaf, or about
as long, enclosed by a large leathery spathe; ovary terete,
smooth ; sepals keeled, lateral subfree ; lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes
emarginate. — LindJ. Fol. Orcli. Pleuroth. 29 (1859); Cogn. op.
cit. 400 & under. P. crassipes Lindl., so far as concerns Jamaican
specimen Fl. Jam. 7745. (PI. 8, f. 17-22.)

On rocks and trees; in fl. Nov.; near Cinchona, 5000 ft., Harris |
Fl. Jam. 7745.— Cuba.

Plant a foot or more high. Stems 13-21 cm. 1., clustered, long, slender,
angular, of two internodes, with a long thin tubular sheath at each node,
5 cm. L, with a shorter outer one at the base. Leaf oblanceolate-oblong,
tapering into a long stalk, shorter than the stem, 10-12 cm. 1., of which
the stalk is about 2 cm. 1., 2-2*5 cm. br. Racemes 6-10 cm. 1. Bracts
tubular below, dilated upwards, truncate, apiculate, 3-3*5 mm. 1. Pedicels
as long as the bracts. Ovary 3*5-4 mm. 1., carrying the flower much above
the bracts. Sepals, median ovate, subacute, 3-nerved, 4 mm. 1., 2 mm. br. ;
lateral lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, 4 mm., 1., 1*3 mm. br. Petals linear-
oblong, blunt, obscurely apiculate, 1-nerved, a little over 2 mm. 1.,
*7 mm. br. Lip broad, 3-lobed, 3-nerved, 1*7 mm. 1., barely 1*5 mm. br.,
inserted by a short broad claw, above which is a transverse ridge, middle
lobe shortly ovate, blunt ; lateral lobes much shorter than the middle lobe,
rounded, emarginate. Column short, broad, about 1 mm. 1., without a
membranous margin.

Reichenbach's description differs in that the sepals are oblong, obtuse,
and the petals cuneate. This species is very near P. crassipes Lindl.

5. P. alpestris Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orcli. Pleuroth. 7 (1830);
racemes, 1-several, with numerous flowers, not much longer than
the small leaf, or about as long ; sepals yellowish-green, shortly
acute, connivent into a tube, the lateral connate nearly to apex.
— Griseb. op. cit. 607 ; Cogn. op. cit. 401. P. nigroannulata
Cogn. in Fedde Bepert. vi. 306 (1909) in part (Fl. Jam. 7554) &
in Symb. Ant. vi. 417. Epidendrum alpestre Sw. Prodr. 125
(1788). Dendrobium alpestre Sw. in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 84
(1799) & Fl. Ind. Occ. 1545. Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trees; in fl. Nov.-Feb. ; Blue Mts., Sivartzl Clydesdale, 4000 ft.,
J.P. 29 ; 35 ; Morris ! Cinchona, C. Nicholls ! Mt. Hybla ; Silver Hill Wood-
land, 4000 ft. ; Hardware Gap ; Woodcutters' Gap, 4000 ft. ; Holly Mount,
Mt. Diabolo, 2600 ft. ; near Cinchona, 4000 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7554,
7613, 7829, 8908, 10,502.

Plant 4 or 5 in. high. Stems 2-3 cm. 1., 1 mm. or less thick, clustered ;
somewhat compressed and angular when dry ; a loose membranous sheath
springs from a node just above the base and extends about half-way to the
leaf. Leaf 3-4*5 cm. 1., 7-13 mm. br., narrowly oval to oval-lanceolate,

PLEUROTHALLIS 57

obtuse, sessile, at the base subacuminate. Racemes 3* 5-5* 5 era. 1., filiform.
Flowers ^ in. 1., yellowish-green, lax. Pedicels scarcely longer than the
bracts. Bracts 2 mm. 1., small, acute, sheathing. Sepals 8 mm. 1.,
median 1-75 to 2-5 mm. br., the united lateral 3 to 4 mm. br., erect,
keeled, lanceolate. Petals yellowish-green tinged with purple at the base,
2-5-2-75 mm. 1., *75 to 1 mm.br., subovate, acute, one-third as long as the
sepals. Lip deep purple, very small, 2-5 mm. 1., shortly clawed, 2-keeled
on the disk, keels running up near the apex, sub-panduriform with a blunt
tooth on each side below middle, then constricted, and 2-auricled above
the narrow claw. Column shorter than the petals, clinandrium crenulate,
2-denticulate, tinged with purple at the base. Capsule 8 mm. 1., 2'5 mm.
br., oblong, gibbous, with 6 muricate keels.

6. P. multirostris Beichb. f. in Linnsea xli. 49 (1877) ;
raceme 1, with several flowers ; sepals brownish-purple, curved,
beak-like, the lateral connate nearly to apex, apex obtuse. —
Cogn. in Symb. Ant. vi. 401.

In fl. Sept.

Stems clustered, about as long as the leaf, amply sheathed. Leaves
oblong, acute, stalked. Puiceme deflexed, with several flowers. Bracts
minute, triangular. Pedicels about equalling the ovary. Flowers brownish-
purple, curved, beak-like. Sepals linear-ligulate, lateral sepals connate
nearly to apex, apex obtuse. Petals half as long as sepals, oblong, obtuse,
minutely denticulate at apex, 3-nerved. Lip oblong, obtusely acute,
obscurely 3-lobed at the middle, lateral lobes low, obtuse-angled and
3-nerved. Column thick, at apex membranous, denticulate.

We have not seem any specimen of this species, and it is solely on the
authority of Reichenbach that it is included among the orchids of Jamaica.

7. P. laxa Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 7 (1830); racemes 1-3,
sometimes with as many as six flowers on each, longer than the
leaf ; sepals deep purple or greenish striped with purple, acumi-
nate, divaricate, lateral ^-connate. — Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleuroth. 35 ;
Griseb. op. cit. 607 ; Cogn. op. cit. 403. P. nigroannulata Cogn. in
Fedde Bepert. vi. 306 (1909) in part (Fl. Jam. 7536) & in Symb.
Ant. vi. 417. Epidendrum laxum Sic. Prodr. 125 (1788). Den-
clrobium laxum Sw. in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 84 (1799) & Fl. Ind.
Occ. 1547. Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trees ; in fl. Aug.-Nov. ; in fr. Dec. ; Sivartz ! Portland Gap, 5500
ft., J.P. 170; 2073 (in part) ; Morris ! John Crow Peak, Faivcett ! Pleasant
Hill, 4500 ft ; near Woodcutters' Gap, 4000 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7536.

Plant 3 to 5 in. high. Stems clustered, 2-5 cm. 1., barely reaching

1 mm. in width, somewhat compressed and angular when dry, covered
within 1 cm. or less of the leaf by three loose membranous keeled sheaths.
Leaf 3-4 cm. 1., 1-1-3 cm. br., oval-oblong. P,accmes 5-7 cm. 1. Bracts

2 mm. 1., clasping, acute. Floicers deep purple, i in. 1. Sepals 8 mm. 1.,
lateral narrowly lanceolate, median linear-lanceolate. Petals 4 mm. 1.,
purple or purple-streaked, narrowly lanceolate, half the length of the
sepals. Lip slightly shorter than the petals, spotted with purple, shortly
clawed, the lower part concave, obtusely lobed, the upper part ovate,
recurved, with a pair of short, rounded erect lobes at base. 2-keeled on the
disk. Column a little shorter than the petals, spotted with purple ;
clinandrium denticulate, anther-case dark purple.

58 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

8. P. hirsutula Fawc. & Eendle in Journ. Bot. xlvii. 3 (1009);
basal sheaths with dark brown stiff short hairs; racemes 1—5
together, generally not more than one flowering at a time, with
four or five flowers, about one-third the length of the leaf.-
Cogn. in Symb. Ant. vi. 403. (PI. 9, f. 15-19.) Type in Herb.
Mus. Brit. & Jam. Herl>.

On trunks of trees; in fl. Aug.; Holly Mount, Alt. Diabolo, 2G00-3000
ft., Harris] Fl. Jam. 6681, 98(J0.

riant 4J-7 in. high. Rhizome creeping, rooting. Sinus 0-10 cm. 1.,
clustered, Longer than the leaves, two-edged, edges furrowed ; sheaths three,
loose. Leaf 5-7*5 cm. 1., 1-1*3 cm. br., sessile, lanceolate, at the base
clasping. Raceme 1-2-2-5 cm. 1. Bracts 2 mm. 1., sheathing, truncate.
Flowers about £ in. 1., very dark red. Sepals more or less erect, 3-nerved,
somewhat fleshy; median 0-5 mm. 1., lanceolate, somewhat acuminate,
concave; lateral slightly shorter, narrowly triangular-lanceolate, acute, at
the base connate, gibbous. Petals slightly exceeding 3 mm. 1. by 1-5 mm.
br., rhomboid, narrowed at the base, upper margins minutely toothed.
Lip 2-75 mm. 1., 1-25 mm. br., ovate, shortly clawed, margin undulate.
Column 2-25 mm. 1., slender, curved.

9. P. pruinosa Lindl. in Bot. Beg. xxviii. Misc. 75 (1842)
stem longer than leaf ; raceme one, with about six flowers, shorter
than the leaf ; leaf linear-lanceolate to narrowly oval ; sepals
greenish-white or pale yellow, lateral connate almost to apex ;
petals linear, somewhat acute. — Lindl. Fol. Orch. Bleuroth. 26 ;
Griseb. op. cit. 608 ; Cogn. op. cit. 404.

On trees; in fl. April; Wilson ; Fairfield, Wullschlaegcl, 1353! Mt.
Moses, 2500 ft., J.P. 2125, Syme ! near Mabess Kiver, 3500 ft.; Cascade,
2500 ft.; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7997 & 8111 {fide Cogniaux).— Hispaniola, Porto
Rico, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Grenada, Trinidad, Guiana.

Plant 2 to 3 in. high. Stems to 5*5 cm. 1., clustered, subterete, thin,
sheathed at the base, and with one close, glabrous, obliquely truncate
sbeath below the middle. Leaf to 3-5 cm. 1., 6 mm. br., sessile. Spatlie
5-7 mm. 1., closely compressed, lanceolate, subacute. Bracts sheathing,
truncate, obtuse, glabrous, a little shorter than the pedicels. Flowers
^ in. 1., pale yellow or greenish-white, minute, distant, very shortly stalked,
cleistogamous (?). Sepals 3 mm. 1., equal, broadly ovate, slightly 2-keeled ;
median ovate, subacute, slightly keeled. Petals a little shorter than the
sepals. Lip half as long as sepals, erect, shortly clawed, limb triangular,
somewhat acute, with 3 parallel keels on the disk. Column barely 1 mm.
1., short, thick. Capsule 4 mm. 1., elliptical, crowned by the persistent
calyx.

10. P. ruseifolia B. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. v. 211
(1813) ; stem much longer than leaf; flower-stalks very short, in
dense clusters, each with one flower ; leaf 4 or 5 in. 1. — Hook.
Exot. Fl. t. 197; Griseb. op. cit, 608; Cogn, op. cit, 405.
P. multicaulis Foepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. i. 47, t, 82 (1835).
Ruscus foliis &c. Plum. PI. Amer. (Burm.) t, 176, fig. 2 (1755).
Epidendrum ruscifolium Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 29 (1760),
Select, Stirp. Amer. 226. t. 133, fig. 3 (1763) & Ed. pict. t. 212;
Sw. Obs. Bot, 331 (1791). Dendrobium ruscifolium Siv. in Nov.
Act. Upsal. vi. 84 (1799).

PLEUROTHALLIS 59

On trees ; infl. July, Aug. ; in fr. Aug. ; Swartz ! Moody's Gap, J. P. 2071,
Syme\ Mabess River, 2000 ft., C. Nicliollsl G. Nichols ! Harris ! — Cuba,
Hispaniola, Porto Pico, Martinique, Dominica, St. Vincent, Grenada,
Trinidad, Margarita, B. Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Plant 7 to 13 in. 1. Rhizome creeping, 1-1*5 mm. thick, with a dense
covering of slender root fibres and from the upper surface a number of
erect slender rounded clustered stems from 4 to 20 cm. 1., with a slender
adpressed cylindrical truncate bract (about 2 cm. 1.) about or rather below
the middle. Leaf, blade 11 cm. 1., 2*5 cm. br., erect or suberect, stiff,
many-nerved, glabrous, oblong-lanceolate, apex more or less acuminate,
stalk about 1*5 cm. 1. A dense cluster of inflorescences springs from the
short conduplicate bract (6-7 mm. 1.) ; each inflorescence contains several
stalked flowers (stalks 5-6 mm. 1.), the base of each stalk is surrounded by
a thin hyaline bract. Sepals 7 mm. 1., lanceolate, acuminate, lateral
connate. Petals 3*5 mm. 1., linear, acuminate, erect. Lip 1*25-1*5 mm. 1.,
*75-l mm. br., lower portion nearly square in outline with raised convex
sides and a broad central channel, apex bluntly triangular with a much
thickened callus on the midrib. Column less than 1 mm. 1., including the
short rounded anther-cell. Ovary 2 mm. 1. Capsule green, narrowly
club-shaped, about 1 cm. 1.

11. P. braehypetala Griseb. in Cat. Cub. 257 (1866); stems
nearly as long as leaf ; racemes 2—4 together, with two to five
fiVwers, one-third to one-fourth the length of the leaf ; leaf
•oval ; sepals dark purple, lateral f-connate ; petals cuneate,
apiculate. — Cogn. op. cit. 406. (PL 8, f. 7-10.) Type : Cuba,
Wright, 3349.

On trunks of trees amongst lichen and moss; in fl. Nov. -April; Mt.
Moses, 3500 ft., J.P. 2277, Syme ! above Mabess River, 3500-4000 ft.;
Lancaster, 2500 ft. ; near Cinchona, 4500 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7641,
7852, 9012, 10,501.— Cuba, Porto Rico.

Plant 2 to 3 in. high. Stc?ns 2-3 cm. 1., clustered, compressed,
nearly covered with rather loose sheaths, the upper keeled, acute, the
others blunt. Leaf 3-4 cm. 1., 10-14 mm. br., sessile, oval to narrowly
elliptical, base clasping. Racemes to 1 cm. 1., with a prominent sheathing
bract at base. Flowers dark purple. Bracts 2 mm. 1., sheathing, loose,
shortly acute. Sepals 4 mm. 1., gibbous; median ovate, obtuse; lateral
ovate-lanceolate, shortly acute. Petals half as long as sepals, *8 mm. br.
Lip shortly clawed, with two short lobes below the middle, elliptical
above, apex rounded, incurved towards the column below, recurving above
the middle. Column as long as petals, clavate, winged, with a distinct foot.

Specimens from Jamaica agree with Wright No. 3349 in Herb. Kew,
which unfortunately has no flowers. Grisebach's description differs from
our plant in petals being ovate and lip obovate.

12. P. Wilsonii Lindl. in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3,
i. 326 (1858) (in part) ; stem longer than the small elliptical-
lanceolate leaf ; peduncles, one or (rarely) two or three, with one
flower (or rarely two) on each, much shorter than leaf ; petals
oblanceolate, shortly acute. — Lindl. Ful. Orcli. Pleurotli. 17 (in
part); Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Lid. 608; Cogn. op. cit. 407. (PI. 9,
f. 8.) Type in Lindley's Herb, at Kew.

On trees and rocks ; in fl. Aug.-Nov. ; in fr. Dec-May (fide Cogniaux) ;
Bethabara, Wilson ! and Wullschlaegel, 1079 ! — Porto Rico and Guadeloupe
(fide Cogniaux).

60 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

Plant 2£ in. bigh, with oreeping rhizome. Secondary stem I'B L cm.
1.. Blender, the Lower half Loosely Bheathed. Leaf l*fi 3*8 cm. 1., 5-8 nun.
br., Bessile, margined. Peduncles 8-5 mm. 1. Bracts about l mm. 1.,
sheathing, truncate, obtuse. Flowers greenish-yellow, Btriped violet inside
{fide Gogniaux), about ,'; in. 1. Sepals about l mm. 1., 8-nerved; median
narrow, triangular, acute, concave, 1 - li mm. br. ; Lateral triangular, falcate.
Blightly narrower. Petals 2 mm. 1., "5 nun. br. Lip, lower portion & me
what broadly ovate above a short broad claw, indistinctly 8-lobed, middle
Lobe narrow, ohlong, blunt, about '2 nun. 1. ; lower portion about two-
thirds of whole Length; margin papillose. Capsule obovoid, narrowly
3-keeled, 8-0 mm. 1.

I lindley included two plants in bis description of P. Wilsonii — one from
Cuba (Wright, No. C68), and the other from Jamaica, collected by Wilson.
The two plants differ remarkably in the conformation of the lip, and
must be regarded as distinct species. We retain the name P. Wilsonii
for the Jamaican plant, as Lindley's description of tbe lip evidently
refers to it, and not to tbe Cuban plant, which we have described, in
Journ. Bot. xlvii. 129 (1909), under tbe name P. confusa. The lip only
of P. Wilsonii is represented in PI. 9, f. 8. A portion of tbe plant
P. confusa is shown in f. 5, a petal in f. 6, and the lip in f. 7.

Cogniaux's description of Porto Pico and Guadeloupe specimens differs
somewhat from ours, e.g., the median sepal is oblong-subspathulate, obtuse,
tbe petals are narrowly ovate, 1*5-1 "75 mm. 1., "75 mm. br., tbe peduncles
are 6-11 mm. 1.

13. P. monophylla comb. nov. ; stem shorter than the leaf;
racemes, two or three together (only one flowering), with two
flowers, shorter than the leaf ; leaf elliptical-lanceolate ; ovary
warty ; sepals pale-green, lateral united near base and somewhat
gibbous ; petals lanceolate, acute. — P. emarginata Lindl. Fol.
Orch. Pleuroth. 25 (1859) ; Griseb. op. cit. 608 ; Cogn. op. cit. 408.
Epidendrum (?) monophyllum Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 109 (1825).

Without locality, Wiles.

Plant about 2 in. higb. Stems about 2 cm. 1., clustered, erect, slender,
covered for tbe most part by sheatbing bracts. Leaf 3-4 cm. 1., 1*2 cm. br.,
obtuse. Pedicels about one-third as long as sepals, ratber swollen upwards.
Bract scarcely exceeding the pedicel, sheathing, witb ovate acute moutb.
Sepals 7 or 8 mm. 1., 1-nerved, slightly keeled, lanceolate, acute. Petals
minute, about one-third as long as sepals, whitish with a red central line,.
1-nerved. Lip small, about as long as the petals, pink or deep purple,
lanceolate, parallel with the petals and enclosed by them, nearly plane,
slightly serrated at the margin, near the base above having two indistinct
tubercles. Column shorter than the petals, straight, semicylindrical at the
base, above at the base of the anther expanding into a sort of hood
formed by the concave broadly winged and toothed margin, the base
deep purple. Ovary very short, purple.

No specimen seen ; described from figure and description in Hooker's-
Exotic Flora.

14. P. Morrisii Fawc. & Bendle in Journ. Bot. xlvii. 3 (1909) ;
stem about as long as the narrowly lanceolate, somewhat falcate,
subacuminate sessile leaf ; peduncles two together, 1 -flowered,
very short ; petals subulate ; lip entire. — Cogn. op. cit. 408. (PI. 9,.
f. 1-4.) Type in Herb. Mus. Brit, and Jam. Herb.

PLE [TROTH ALLIS 61

Without locality, Morris, 28 !

Plant 3 or 4 in. high. Stems 3-5 cm. 1., filiform, clustered, terete,
with two dark-brown, adpressed sheaths at the base, the upper sheath
7-9 mm. 1. Leaf 4-5 cm. 1., 5-8 mm. br. Sepals 3*5 mm. 1., broadly
elliptical ; median 2 mm. br., 3-nerved ; lateral somewhat broader, connate,
2-nerved, at apex 2-toothed. Petals 2*5 mm. 1. Lip 2-4 mm. 1., 1*6 mm. br.,
shortly clawed, articulated to foot of column, obtuse, concave, with a
thickened margin. Column 1* 5 mm. 1., short; clinandriurn with a long
narrow process in front.

The species is named after Sir Daniel Morris, formerly Director of
Public Gardens and Plantations in Jamaica.

15. P. rotundifolia Bolfe in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 191 ; stems
almost none, clustered ; peduncle much longer than the roundish
leaf, solitary, few-flowered ; sepals straw-coloured, lateral connate
nearly to apex. — Gogn. op. cit. 409. (PI. 8, f. 11-16.) Type in
Herb. Kew.

Without locality, Morris !

Plant very small, 1^-2 in. high, acaulescent. Leaves roundish-obovate,
marginate, fleshy, 6-3" mm. 1., 5-7 mm. br. ; petiole short, 2-4 mm. 1.
Scape slender, with about six flowers, 4-5 cm. 1. Bracts tubular at the base,
triangular-ovate, acute, small, 1 mm. 1. Pedicels 2 mm. 1. Floivcrs straw-
coloured, about J in. 1. Sepals oval ; median acute, concave, 3-nerved,
4 mm. 1., 1*8 mm. br., with light red-purple nerves; lateral 2-nerved,
4" 5 mm. 1., 2' 5 mm. br. Petals spathulate-oblong, subobtuse, 1*4 mm. 1.,
straw-coloured with mid-nerve purple-red. Lip subrecurved, undivided,
oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved, 1*7 mm.l., -7 mm. br., basal three-fourths purple-
red, upper fourth straw-coloured. Column winged, with acute apex,
1*25 mm. 1.

16. P. eornieulata Lindl. in Bot. Beg. xxviii. Misc. 83 (1842)
(excl. syn.) ; stems very short, clustered ; peduncle longer than
the oval-oblong leaf, solitary, with only one flower ; lateral
sepals connate almost to apex. — Lindl. Fol. Orch. Bleuroth. 42 ;
Griseb. op. cit. 609; Cogn. op. cit. 412. Epidendrum corniculatum
Sw. Prodr. 123 (1788). Dendrobium corniculatum Sw. in Nov.
Act. Upsal. vi. 83 (1799) & Fl. Ind. Occ. 1537. Type in Herb.
Mus. Brit.

On trunks of trees ; in fl. Sept.-April ; Swartz ! near Rodney Hall,
Purdie ! Beaufort, Wullschlaegel, 1081 (in part) ! Prior ! lowlands to 1000
ft.; St. Mary; J.P. 2403; Syme ! Hopeton, Westmoreland, 1400 ft.,
Harris ! Fl. Jam. 9781.— Cuba.

Plant 1J-2 in. high. Stems closely clustered, barely exceeding *5 cm. 1.,
enveloped in loose overlapping brown scarious blunt sheaths. Leaf
1-2 cm. 1., 5-7 mm. br., margined, with a short stalk (3-8 mm. 1.).
Peduncle 2 '5-3 "5 cm. 1., solitary, longer than the leaf, filiform, with one
flower, with a scarious sheathing bract above the middle. Flower yellowish,
not open (cleistogamous?), about \ in., slightly curved. Sepals 5 mm. 1.,
lanceolate-acuminate ; median 3-nerved, median nerve keeled ; lateral
connate almost to the apex, 2-keeled, gibbous at the base. Petals
2-75 mm. 1., erect, suboblanceolate, 3-nerved, a little more than half as
long as the sepals. Lip yellow, 2*5 mm. 1., subrhomboid, obtusely
acuminate above, 3-nerved. Column, including the anther, 2 mm. 1.,
erect, a little shorter than the petals ; clinandrium, with a lateral tooth
and prolonged anteriorly on both sides into a slightly curved tooth.
Capsule 6 mm. 1., oblong.

62 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

17. P. testifolia J /null, in Ann. d- Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, i. 328
(1858) : stems very short from a creeping rhizome ; leaf oval or
roundish oval, 7— 9-nerved, sessile at the apex of the stalk-like
stem, minutely .''-toothed at the obtuse apex ; sepals purple,
oblong, 3-nerved, covered with white hairs, median obtuse and
minutely apiculate, lateral connate above the middle, gibbous at
base, comment above over the lip and column, concave, narrowing
to a shortly apiculate apex. — Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleural//. 43 ;
Griseb. op. cit. 609; Cogn. op. cit. 414. Epidendrum testsefoliura
Sw. Prodr. 122 (1788). Cymbidium testsefolium Sw. in Nov.
Act, Upsal. vi 71 (1799) & Fl, Ind. Occ. 146.

In fl. Sept.-Feb. ; Wilsonl Purdiel March\ Bethabara, Wullschlaegely
1082! J.P. 2122, Symel Dollwood ; Lancaster, 2200-2500 ft.; near Mabess
River, 4000 ft. ; near John Crow Peak; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7548, 7551, 7787,
10,484. — Cuba, Martinique, Venezuela.

Plant creeping, branch with leaf to 1^ in. 1. Rhizome long, creeping,
rooting at the nodes, ringed, 1 mm. — or a little more — thick ; sheaths
about equal to internodes, membranous, obtuse, keeled. Secondary stems
reduced, distant along rhizome, usually at every third node, 1 cm. or less
apart, about 5 mm. 1., enveloped in a pair of overlapping truncate sheaths.
Leaf 20-30 mm. 1., 10-20 mm. br. Flower purple, nearly ^ in. 1., single,
subsessile, subtended by a sheath ; sheath ultimately about 6 mm. 1.,
persistent, accrescent, conduplicate, with a lacerate-winged keel. Ovary
covered with white hairs. Sepals, median 5*5 mm. 1., 1*5 mm. br., lateral
6 mm. 1. Petals 2-5-3 mm. 1., erect, not quite half the length of the sepals,
spathulate, crenulate at upper margin. Lip including the narrow claw
(•75 mm. 1.), 2*75-3 mm. 1., broadly oblong-pandurate, shortly auriculate
at the base, apex rounded, 3-nerved, margin with long hairs. Column
slightly shorter than the petals ; clinandrium membranous, curled-
crenulate.

18. P. tribuloides Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 6 (1830); stems
very short, clustered ; peduncle shorter than leaf-stalk, one or a
few together, 1 -flowered ; capsule covered with soft prickles. —
Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleuroth. 39 ; Griseb. op. cit. 609 ; Krdnzl, in
Xen, Orch. Hi. 131, t. 275, /. III. & 14-19 ; Cogn, op. cit. 415.
Epidendrum tribuloides Sw. Prodr. 123 (1788). Dendrobium
tribuloides Sw. in Nov. Act, Upsal. vi. 83 (1799), Fl, Ind. Occ.
1535 & Adnot. Bot. t. 1,/. 4. Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trees in moist woods; in fl. Aug.-Jan. ; in fr. Oct. -Jan. ; Swartzl
Wilson ! Macfadyen ! St. Mary, Purdie ! Beaufort, Wullschlaegel, 1080 !
St. Mary, 2000 ft., J.P. 2402, Syme ! Mabess River, 2000 ft., 67. Nichols t
Slope of John Crow Peak, 200 ft. above Mabess River, Faivcett ! Union
Hill, near Moneague, Lady Blake ! Trelawney, Miss T. M. Barrett ! Mt.
Moses ; Mabess River ; Mt. Airy, 2000 ft. ; Belvedere, Hanover, 500 ft. ;
near Christiana, 2600 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7546, 7648, 10,402.— Cuba,
Costa Rica, Mexico.

Plant 1 or 2 in. high. Stems about 2 mm. 1., closely clustered on a
short densely rooted rhizome, and enveloped in scarious sheaths. Leaf
3-5 cm. 1., 8-10 mm. br., narrowly elliptical to elliptical-oblong, tapering
into a long stalk, minutely emarginate. Peduncle closely surrounded by
short blunt scarious sheaths. Ovary densely covered with long papillae.

PLEUROTHALLIS 63

Flowers about \ in. 1., brownish-red. Sepals papillose, 6 mm. 1. ; median
nearly 2 mm. or. at base, broadly linear-tapering; lateral 2- 5 mm. br.
together, 2-nerved, about ^-connate, free part acuminate. Petals about
2 mm. 1., one-third as long as sepals, oval-oblong. Lip about as long as
petals, short-clawed ; limb narrowing from a broader base to a short
linear recurved fleshy shortly pubescent tip. Column nearly as long as
petals, narrowly margined, margins forming a slender tooth at each side
near apex. Capsule about "5 cm. 1., broadly ellipsoidal.

19. P. uneinata Fawc. in Journ. Bot. xxxiii. 12 (1895) ; stem
about as long as the leaf ; peduncles much shorter than the leaf,
three or four together, 1 -flowered; leaf 8 or 9 in. 1. ; sepals and
ovary rough. — Cogn. op. cit. 416. (PI. 10.)

On trees and peaty banks ; in fl. Feb., June; fr. July; Greenhill, near
Newcastle ; Ridge below Vinegar Hill, 3900 ft. ; Harris ! Hardware Gap,
4000 ft., 67. Nichols ! Fl. Jam. 10,092.

Plant about 15 in. high. Stems 12-24 cm. 1., clothed with 5-7 loose
scarious flaccid sheaths, terete below, compressed and angular above,
striate. Leaves 15-23 cm. 1., 2*5-3 cm. br., oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate,
with numerous prominent nerves. Peduncles 3-4 cm. 1., rough ; pedicels
about 6 mm. 1. ; floral bracts 1*3 cm. 1., reaching nearly to top of ovary,
sheathing at the base, gradually tapering to an obtuse apiculate apex ;
spathaceous bract about 2 cm. 1. at base of peduncles. Sepals purplish,
surface rough on inner and outer sides, tomentose on outer side ; median
1-7 cm. 1., 5 mm. br., oblong, tapering to a subacute apex, 5-nerved ;
lateral 1*6 cm. L, 5*5 mm. br., free or shortly connate at base, oblong-
elliptical, tapering to a subacute apex, 4-nerved. Petals about 8 mm. 1.,
2 mm. br., half as long as the lateral sepals, oblanceolate, apex acute,
3-nerved, purplish above, orange-coloured at base. Lip slightly exceeding
7 mm. 1., nearly as long as the petals, about 3 mm. br. above, purplish,
indistinctly 3-lobed, 3-nerved ; middle lobe roundish, margin with minute
denticulations ; lateral lobes conduplicate, uncinate, each forming a sharp
curved hook pointing upwards, with a thickened margin above the hook.
Column nearly 7 mm. 1., narrowly winged in front, with a short foot.
Ovary about 8 mm. 1., about 3 "5 mm. br. above, rough. Capsule 2-2 cm. 1.,
1-1 cm. br., ellipsoidal, surface rough and tomentose, with 6 furrows.

20. P. jamaieensis Bolfe in Journ. Bot. xlvii. 122 (1909);
plant 1-1 h in- high; stems clustered, shorter than the leaf;
peduncle one-half or one-thircl as long as the leaf, with one or a
few flowers ; sepals reddish-purple, lateral very shortly connate at
base ; petals linear-lanceolate, acuminate.— Cogn. op. cit. 422.

Without locality, Morris ! Flowered at Kew in Sept. 1886 and on
subsequent occasions.

Plant 1-1^ in. high. Secondary stems clustered, 1-2 cm. 1., shorter
than the leaf ; sheaths tubular, apiculate, veined. Leaf shortly stalked,
elliptical, obtuse, leathery, 1-5-2 • 5 cm. 1. B,acemes shortly stalked, with
one or a few flowers, 1-1*5 cm. 1. Bracts sheathing, shortly acuminate,
2 mm. 1. Flowers light reddish-purple with a darker lip, scarcely ^ in. 1.
Sepals somewhat spreading, ovate-lanceolate, acute, 7-8 mm. 1. Petals
a little shorter than the sepals. Lip linear, obtuse, recurved, 2 mm. L
Column slender, curved, 1 mm. 1.

21. P. delieatula Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleuroth. 38 (1859);
stems almost none, clustered ; peduncle flexuose, generally much

64 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

longer than Leaf, one flower developed at a lime, but pedicels of
former flowers present (to 16) ; lateral sepals .^-connate
Griseb. <>/>. cit. 608 ; Cogn. op. cit. 423.

On trees in moist woods ; in fl. Oct.-April ; Purdie ! near Mabess River,
3500-4000 ft.; near Troy, 2500 ft.; near Christiana, 3000 ft.; near John
Crow Peak ; Harris ! Klien Aire, Moy Hall, Sullivan ! slope of John Crow
Peak, 100 ft. above Mabess River, Faivccttl Fl. Jam. 7017, 7820, 8869,
9007, 10,399, 10,470, 10,47s.

I'iiitit (without the raceme) £-§ in. high. Stems about 3 mm. 1., very
short, closely clustered, filiform, enveloped by the membranous sheath.
Leaf 1-2 cm. 1., including the stalk, oblanceolate, margined, narrowed at
the base into a slender stalk. Racemes 2*5-4 cm. 1., generally much
longer than the leaf, but occasionally shorter, clustered, flowering solitary,
Aliform, flexuose, with several (to 16) flowers, laxly secundor in two ranks.
Bracts about 1 mm. 1., short, half the length of the pedicels, sheathing,
obtuse, shortly apiculate. Pedicels about 2 mm. 1. Floiucrs about £ in.,
greenish-yellow streaked with crimson or purple. Sepals 3*75 mm. 1.,
suberect, acuminate above and somewhat thick, obtuse ; lateral narrowly
ovate, about ^-connate ; median oblong or lanceolate-oblong, keeled.
Petals about 2 mm. 1., half as long as the sepals, cuneate, fimbriate-
serrulate above, acute. Lip about 3 mm. 1., a little shorter than the
sepals, 3-lobed ; middle lobe oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, somewhat
thick ; much exceeding the short broad incurved serrulate lateral lobes.
Column a little shorter than the petals, upper margin dilated, serrulate ;
clinandrium 2 or 3-dentate. Capsule 6 mm. 1., obovate-elliptical, glabrous.

22. P. Helense Fcavc. & Bendle in Journ. Bot. xlvii. 4 (1909);
stems very short, clustered ; peduncle filiform, much longer than
the leaf, few-flowered ; sepals caudate, lateral free ; lip nearly
half as long as sepals. — Cogn. op. cit. 424. (PI. 9, f. 9-14.) Type
in Herb. N. York Bot. Gard. and in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trunks of trees; in fl. July; in fr. Aug. ; Mt. Moses, 3500 ft., J. P.
2279, Syme ! Mabess River, 3500 ft., Harris !

Plant 14-2 in. high. Stems very short, clustered ; sheaths tubular below,
acute. Leaf, including stalk, 10-15 mm. 1., 2-3 mm. br., oblanceolate-
elliptical or oblanceolate-linear, narrowed at the base into the stalk.
Racemes 1-5-5 cm. 1., branched. Bracts sheathing, acute or apiculate.
Flowers J in. 1., pale green. Sepals about 3 -25 mm. 1., pale greenish,
1-nerved, spreading, caudate, glabrous ; median ovate, 1 mm. br. ; lateral
lanceolate, free, narrower than median. Petals two-thirds as long as sepals,
2*6 mm. 1., *75 mm. br., pale greenish, ovate, fimbriate on the upper
margin, caudate at the apex. Lip half as long as the sepals when spread
out, 1"5 mm. 1., '75 mm. br., pale greenish marked with crimson, 3-lobed,
conduplicate, lateral lobes broadly rounded, fimbriate on the upper margin,
middle lobe ovate, obtuse. Column lined, with crimson, including the
conical anther, as long as the lip, slender, thicker above ; clinandrium
3-toothed. Capsule obovoid-ellipsoidal, 3-4 mm. 1., 2 mm. br.

The figures in the plate are from a detailed drawing by Miss H. A. Wood,
after whom the plant is named.

23. P. laneeola Spreng. Syst. Hi. 731 (1826) ; stems very
short, clustered ; peduncle about as long as the leaf, clustered,
only one flowering at a time, 2— 4-flowered ; lateral sepals connate
at base. — Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleuroth. 40 ; Griseb. op. cit. 609 ;
Cogn. op. cit. 425. Epidendrum laneeola Sw. Prodr. 123 (1788).

PLEUEOTHALLIS 65

Dendrobium lanceola Siv. in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 83 (1799), Fl.
Ind. Occ. 1539 & Adnot. Bot. t. 2, /. 5. Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trees and stones ; in fl. and fr. Oct. -Feb. ; mountains, Swartz !
St. George, J.P. 171, 231, Morrisl Mt. Moses, 3800 ft., J.P. 2091, Syme\
St. George, Portland, 2500 ft. ; near Mabess River, 3000-1000 ft. ; near
Jobn Crow Peak ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7467, 7520, 7742, 10,479.

Plant 1J to 2 J in. bigb. Stems generally 1-1 J cm. 1., sometimes
sborter, enveloped in scarious sbeatbs, filiform. Leaf 3-4 cm. 1., 3-3*5
mm. br., narrowing gradually below into a distinct stalk, linear-lanceolate,
sbortly apiculate, margins revolute wben dry, midrib prominent on tbe
under side. Pedicels *5 cm. 1. Bracts about 1*5 mm. 1., sbeatbing,
truncate. Flowers nearly J in. 1., orange or scarlet. Sepals 5-6*5
mm. 1., lanceolate, obtuse, 3-nerved, keeled, spreading at apex, lateral
connate at tbe base, gibbous. Petals 2*5 mm. 1., nearly balf as long as
tbe sepals, oblong-spatbulate, witb 1-2 nerves, prominent. Lip, as long as
tbe petals, oblanceolate, 3-nerved, reflexed about tbe middle, witb undulate
margin tbere. Column scarcely sborter tban tbe petals, winged ; clinan-
drium, margin crenulate. Capsule *5 cm. 1., ellipsoidal to obovoid.

24. P. sertularioides Spreng. Syst. Hi. 731 (1826) ; stems
very short, from creeping rhizome ; leaf narrowly oval, oval-
oblong or linear-spathulate, narrowed into the stalk ; sepals
straw-coloured or greenish, membranous, lanceolate, acuminate,
lateral shortly connate, slightly gibbous. — Lindl. Fol. Orch.
Pleurotk. 42 ; Griseb. op. cit. 609 ; Cogn. op. cit. 426. Epiden-
drum sertularioides Sic. Prodr. 122 (1788). Dendrobium ser-
tularioides Sw. in Noc. Act. Upsal. vi. 83 (1799) k, Fl. Ind. Occ.
1541. Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trees; in fl. and fr. Jan., Feb.; mountains, Swartz ! Beaufort,
Wullschlaegel, 1081 (in part) ! below Vinegar Hill Gap, Portland, J.P.
2039, Campbell ! near Mabess River, Faiccett ! Belvedere, Hanover, 500 ft. ;
Troy, 1600 ft. ; Harris ! Walderston, Mrs. Longstaffl Fl. Jam. 7569, 10,446,
10,487.— Cuba, Trinidad.

Plant barely an incb bigb. Rhizome less tban 1 mm. br., slender,
creeping, ringed, rooting at tbe nodes, covered witb membranous sbeatbs.
Stems less tban 5 mm. 1., from 5 to 10 mm. apart, generally springing
from alternate nodes or every tbird node of tbe rbizome, enclosed by
sbeatbs. Leaf 1*5-2*5 cm. 1. Peduncles solitary, capillary, scarcely as
long as tbe leaf, 1-rarely 2-flowered, witb a sbort, truncate, 2-dentate,
spatbaceous bract at tbe base and above tbe middle, sometimes witb 3
bracts ; occasionally tbe peduncles of two preceding flowering seasons
persist. Bracts barely exceeding 1 mm. 1. Flowers about ^ in. L, straw-
coloured or ligbt green. Sepals about 4 mm. 1., 1 mm. br., 1 -nerved. Petals
3 mm. 1., *7mm. br., linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 1-nerved. Lip 2*4-2*75
mm. 1., *4-*75 mm. br., sessile, witb minute square auricles at base,
linear-lanceolate, margin undulate, denticulate about midway, recurved
above. Column 1*5 mm. 1., witb a membranous wing. Capsule ellip-
soidal, 3-keeled, about 9 mm. 1.

25. P. mierolepanthes Griseb. op. cit. 610; plant not more
than |- in. high ; stems clustered, shorter than the leaf ;
sheaths with mouth dilated, margined and ciliate ; peduncle half
as long as leaf ; sepals yellow in drying, lateral connate nearly
to apex. — Cogn. op. cit. 430.

F

06 ORCHIDS OF JAMAH A

On trees; in fl. Nov.; Macfadyen\ Wilson] Marchl Mabess River,
Harris. Fl. .Jam. 7468 [fide Cogniaux).

Stems reduced, glabrous, 2 5 mm. I.; sheaths 2 8, tubular, with a
glabrate deltoid mouth. Leaf margined, elliptical, or elliptical-roundish,
somewhat pointed, tapering into the stalk, 8 6 mm. 1., 4-6 mm. hr.
Racemes stalked, clustered, with 2-5 flowers. Flowers yellow and purple.
Sepals ovate, acute, erect, scarcely 1 mm. 1., yellow in drying; lateral
connate nearly to apex. Petals minute, spathulate, half as long as the
breadth of the sepals. Lip oblong, obtuse, a little shorter than the sepals.

'26. P. foliata Griseb. op. cit. 610; stems clustered, with more
than one leaf, much longer than leaf; sheath with mouth dilated,
margined and ciliate ; peduncle longer than leaf ; sepals, lateral
connate to apex ; petals acute or acuminate ; lip undivided. — -
Cogn. op. cit. 431. Type in Herb. Kew.

Without locality, Wilson \ — Cuba.

A small plant 2 to 3 in. high. Stems 3-7 cm. 1., puberulous at the
angles, often somewhat branched or distantly 2-several-leaved. Leaf
margined, elliptical or obovate, apex somewhat rounded and sometimes
minutely apiculate, narrowed into the stalk (2-3 mm. 1.), 12-8 mm. 1.,
5 mm. br. Racemes stalked, one or sometimes two, distantly 4-8-flowered,
15-25 mm. 1. Pedicels 2-3 mm. 1. Bracts acuminate, 1-1*5 mm. 1.
Flowers yellowish. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, erect, 2-3 mm. 1., yellow
in drying. Petals ovate, acute, half as long as the sepals. Lip linear,
obtuse, puberulous above, a little longer than the petals, dark purple
at apex.

27. P. trilobata Fawc. & Hendle in Joum. Bot. xlvii. 4
(1909); stems clustered; about as long as leaf; sheaths with
mouth dilated, margined and ciliate ; peduncle much longer
than leaf ; sepals, lateral ^-connate ; petals very obtuse ; lip
3-lobed. — Cogn. op. cit. 431. (PI. 8, f. 1-6.) Types in Herb.
Mus. Brit., in Jam. Herb. & N. York Bot. Gard. Herb.

On trunks of trees ; in fl. Feb. and Sept. ; in fr. Sept. ; between New-
haven Gap and Vinegar Hill, 4000 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 10,084. John
Crow Peak, Britton, 267 !

Plant minute, ^ to f in. high. Stem 7 mm. 1. Leaf 7 mm. 1., nearly
3 mm. br., elliptical, narrowed at the base into a thin stalk. Sheaths 2 or
3, covering the stem. Scape 2 cm. 1., one or few-flowered, solitary or two,
filiform, flexuose. Bracts *6 mm. 1., spathaceous, lanceolate, acute.
Sepals, median 4-4*3 mm. 1., 1*5 mm. br., lateral somewhat shorter and
much narrower ; median elliptical, apex caudate, 3-nerved, lateral 1-nerved.
Petals 1*6 mm. 1., '7 mm. br., oblong, narrowed at the base, 1-nerved,
about one-third as long as the sepals. Lip 1*5-1 '7 mm. 1., nearly as broad,
3-nerved, middle lobe oblong, sometimes crenulate at the apex, a little
longer than the rounded lateral lobes. Column a little over 1 mm. 1.

*o%

23. LEPANTHES Sw.

Small or dwarf epiphytic herbs. Stems clustered, thin,
erect, covered throughout the length with sheaths, and bearing

LEPANTHES

67

at the apex a single leaf ; sheaths tubular, enlarging towards
the margined oblique mouth, and marked with several vertical
ridges. Leaf sessile or subsessile, rigid, elliptical or roundish
elliptical, margined, minutely 3- toothed at the apex. Racemes
axillary, solitary or clustered ; flowers few or several, somewhat
close together, in two ranks, generally minute. Sepals spreading
or erect, more or less ovate, subequal, lateral more or less
connate. Petals minute, the short claw adnate to the base of
the column, the limb generally much wider than long. Lip
adnate at the base or above the base of the column, 2-lobed, the
lobes erect, parallel to the column, cuneate, with the upper
edges thickened, forming flattened surfaces embracing the
column ; or sometimes simple, with or without two posterior
lobes. Column short ; anther terminal, opercular, generally
obovate ; pollinia 2, waxy, pear-shaped, pedicellate. Capsule
obovoid.

Species about 50, on the mountains of tropical America and
the West Indies.

§ 1. Diplocheilus. Lip dividing near the base into two erect, diverging
lobes of which the upper edges thicken into more or less expanded lanceo-
late surfaces, embracing the column.

A. Breadth of petals shorter than length of sepals.

I. Breadth of petals longer than upper surfaces
of lip.

a. Posterior lobe of petal subequal to
anterior.

1. Sepals acuminate, lateral ^ — or less
— connate.

Sepals ciliolate, lateral connate

only at base 1. L. pulchella.

Sepals glabrous, lateral ^-connate 7. L. divaricata.

2. Sepals acuminate, glabrous, lateral

J-connate ; petals rhomboidal 9. L. obtusipetala.

3. Sepals acute or obtuse, J-|-connate.

Sepals ciliolate, lateral |-connate 2. L. sanguined.
Sepals glabrous, lateral ^-connate.
Petals deltoid or obversely
deltoid.
Plants 1J-2J inches high,
petals obversely deltoid.

Sepals acute, crimson ... 3. L. Wullschlaegelii.
Sepals obtuse, yellow ... 4. J/. Woodiana.
Plants 4-7 inches high ;

sepals acute, petals deltoid 10. L. obtusa.
Petals lanceolate 5. L. Loddigesiana.

4. Sepals connate nearly to apex 6. L. rotundata.

b. Posterior lobe of petal much larger

than anterior 8. L. ovalis.

II. Breadth of petals shorter than upper

surfaces of lip 11. L. arcuata.

B. Breadth of petals about as long as length of

sepals 12. L. cochlearifolia.

F 2

68 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

§ 2. iraplochcilus. Lip not dividing near the baso, but expanding
variously a hove the petals.

Lip simplo in outline.

IVials 2-lobed 1::. L.bilabiata.

IVtals subulate 14. L. ell/i/ptica.

Petals small, rounded.

Sepals free nearly to base 15. L.brevvpetala.

Sepals ^-connate 1(1. L. HarrisU.

Lip prolonged posteriorly into 2 lobes.
I .ip-lobes linear.

Anterior part of lip rounded 17. L. tridentata.

Anterior part of lip square 18. L. quadrala.

Lip-lobes triangular 19. L. concolor.

§ 1. Diploeheilus. Lip dividing near the base into two
erect diverging lobes, of which the upper edges thicken
into more or less expanded lanceolate surfaces, embracing
the column.

1. L. pulehella Sw. in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 86, t. 5, figs. 6, c,
d, e (1799); sepals yellow, lateral with a crimson spot at base,
median crimson along midrib ; ciliolate, caudate-acuminate,
lateral connate only at base ; posterior lobe of petal subequal to
anterior, breadth of petals shorter than length of sepals, longer
than upper surfaces of lip. — Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 1559 & Adnot.
Bot. t. 2, fig. 3; Griseb. Fl, Br. W. Lid. 610; Fawc. & Bendle
in Trans. Linn. Soc. vii. 7, i. I. f. 15 (1904). Epidendrum
pulchellum Sw. Prodr. 125 (1788). Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

In fl. throughout the year; top of Catherine Peak, Swartzl Moody's
Gap, J.P. 2031, Syme ! Mabess River, 3000 ft. ; John Crow Peak ; New-
haven, 4000 ft. ; Newhaven Gap, 5600 ft. ; Gap to Vinegar Hill, 4000 ft. ;
Morse's Gap ; ridge above Morse's Gap, 5300 ft. ; Harris ! John Crow Peak,
Fawcett ! Moy Hall, Sullivan ! Fl. Jam. 7761, 7830, 10,085.

Plant less than an inch high. Stems 1 cm. or less in length, about as
long as the leaves ; mouth of the sheaths acute, ciliolate, ridges glabrous.
Leaves, including the short stalk, 10-14 mm. 1., 5-6 mm. br., oval, acute.
Racemes 1*5-2 cm. 1., exceeding the leaf, generally 2-5-clustered, rarely
solitary. Flowers about J in. 1., several, three or four appearing at the same
time. Sepals 6-8 mm. 1., 2-3 mm. br., ovate, long-acuminate, ciliolate,
lateral connate only at the base. Petals crimson, inclining to yellow at
the ciliolate margin ; apex obscure, indicated by an inconspicuous notch
or tooth; lobes subequal, subtriangular, varying somewhat in shape,
especially in breadth, more or less bluntly and asymmetrically triangular,
the outer edges of the two forming an almost continuous line, 2*2-4 mm.
br. Lip crimson, minutely ciliolate, 1-1*5 mm. br. Column to base of
clinandrium 1 mm. 1., crimson; anther subglobose, emarginate. Capsule
(unripe), 5 mm. 1., 6-keeled. (The flowers of some specimens are only
about half the above measurement.)

Swartz's figure in Adnot. Bot. I. c. represents a larger plant than any
that we have seen, having stems to 2 cm. and leaves to nearly 2 cm. 1.,
1*8 mm. br.

2. L. sanguinea Hook, in Bot. Mag. 4112 (1844); sepals
magenta-crimson, ciliolate, subacute, lateral |-connate ; posterior

LEPANTHES 69

lobe of petal subequal to anterior, breadth of petals shorter than
length of sepals, longer than upper surfaces of lip. — Griseb. op.
cit. 611 ; Fawc. & Bendle op. cit. 9, t. I. f. 16, 17.

In fl. throughout the year; near Mabess River, 4000 ft.; near John
Crow Peak ; Mt. Diabolo, 2500 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7616, 7747, 7825.

Plant J to 1 in. high. Stems 1 cm. or less 1., shorter than the leaves;
mouth of the sheaths acute, ciliolate, ridges muriculate. Leaves 1'2-1'8
cm. 1., 5-8 mm. br., subsessile, oval to elliptical, shortly apiculate.
Racemes 4-6 mm. 1., 1 or J as long as leaves, several clustered, few-
flowered. Bracts acute, more or less hirsutulous on the dorsal nerve and
margin. Sepals 4 mm. 1., ovate, median 2*5-3 mm. br. Petals *7 mm. 1.,
2*5-3 mm. br., rose-coloured and crimson, somewhat equally extended on
both sides, lobes oblong or oblong-elliptical, ciliolate, apex forming an
almost straight line or slightly retuse. Lip deep crimson, upper margins
elliptical to elliptical-lanceolate. Column short, dilated above; anther
obovately orbicular, emarginate.

3. L. Wullsehlaegelii Fawc. & Bendle in Journ. Bot. xlvii. 126

(1909); plant 1J— 2J in. high; leaves green; bracts ciliolate
on keel and margins ; sepals crimson, glabrous, acute, lateral
^-connate ; petals obversely deltoid, apex abruptly apiculate,
lobes subequal, glabrous, breadth of petals shorter than length of
sepals, longer than upper surfaces of lip. — Type in Herb. Reg.
Monac.

Beaufort, Wullschlaegel, 1078 !

Plant l£-2i in. high. Stem longer than leaf, 2*5-6 cm. 1., slender,
sheaths long, slender, ciliolate on the ridges and at the ovate acuminate
mouth. Leaves oval, shortly acuminate, 2-2 • 5 cm. 1., about 1 cm. br.
Racemes shorter than the leaf; flowers many, in two ranks. Bracts clasp-
ing, broadly ovate, 1-1*2 mm. 1. ' Sepals ovate, lateral, nearly 2 mm. 1.,
1*75 mm. br. ; median nearly 2 mm. 1., 1*2 mm. br. Petals 1*3-1,4 mm.
br. Lip, upper surfaces lanceolate, *6 mm. 1. Column long, *8 mm. 1.
Capsule small, obovoid, 2*5 mm. 1.

Closely resembles L. divaricata in habit, but the structure of the flower
brings it near to L. obtusa and L. Woodiana.

4. L. Woodiana Fawc. & Bendle op. cit. 6 ; plant 1J in. high ;
bracts glabrous ; sepals transparent yellow, glabrous, obtuse,
lateral ^-connate ; petals obversely deltoid, apex short, obtuse,
lobes subequal, glabrous, breadth of petals shorter than length of
sepals, longer than upper surfaces of lip. — (PI. 11, f. 12—17.)

On trunks of trees; in fl. Feb. ; Holly Mount, Mt. Diabolo, 2600 ft.,
Harris !

Stem to 3*5 cm. 1., generally longer than the leaf; sheaths very acute,
muriculate on the ridges. Leaf generally 8-14 mm. 1., elliptical, sub-
sessile. Racemes several, clustered, shorter than the leaf. Bracts some-
what acute. Flowers -^ in. 1., yellow, several. Sepals broadly ovate,
median 2 mm. 1., lateral barely as long as median. Petals slightly over
1 mm. br., a deeper shade of yellow than the sepals, shaded with crimson.
Lip *5 mm. 1., crimson, upper margins elliptical to elliptical-lanceolate.
Column deep pink, short, dilated above ; anther case white.

The specific name is given in honour of Miss H. A. Wood.

70 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

5. L. Loddigesiana Reichb.f. Xen, Orch. i, L45 ( 1856) ; sepala
yellow and purple, glabrous, acute, Lateral l-connate \ petals
lanceolate, downy, lobes Bubequal, anterior obtuse, posterior
acute, breadth of petals shorter than Length of sepals, Longer

than upper surfaces of lip. — Fawr. d': Hendle /u Trims. Linn. Soc.
vii. 8 (1904). L. tridentata Lindl. Bot. Beg. t. 1762 (1835) (non

Strait;;); Gr/sih. <>]>. cit. 610, "a form with reduced stems."

1 Holiest, parts of mountains.

Plant 1-3 in. high. S/ons varying from 4 mm. to 5 cm. 1., generally
shorter than the leaves; sheaths smooth. Leaves 3*7 cm. 1., oval, with
shortly acute apex, tapering at the base into an obscure petiole. "Racemes
about half as long again as the leaves, solitary, 1-2-rlowered. Sepals equal,
ovate, median purple with a yellow edge, lateral yellow, slightly tinged
with purple, the surface frosted with brilliantly glittering tubercles. Petals
half as long as the sepals, deep purple. Lip downy, yellowish, lower part
tinged with purple. Column short, with two small lateral horns.

We have not seen this plant. The description is compiled from the
account and figure in the " Botanical Register," where it is assigned by
Lindley to L. tridentata Sw. It differs widely from that species in the
form of the petals and lip, which resemble somewhat those of L. pulchella.

6. L. rotundata Griseb. op. cit. 610; sepals, lateral connate
nearly to apex ; petals obversely deltoid, breadth of petals
shorter than length of sepals, longer than upper surface of lip. —
Fawc. d' Hendle op. cit. 6.

Without locality, Macfadyen.

Plant about 2 in. high. Sterns much longer than the leaf ; sheaths
with a subulate minutely ciliate limb. Leaf 12-16 mm. 1., 8 mm. br.,
elliptical. Racemes clustered, sometimes solitary, longer than the leaf.
Flowers about J in. 1. Sepals deltoid, lateral cohering below the 2-
dentate apex. Petals much smaller than the sepals. Lip, lobes diverging,
spathulate, adnate to the middle of the column.

We have not seen this plant.

7. L. divarieata Fawc. & Bendle op. cit. 11, t. II. 27-29 ;
sepals light yellow shaded with crimson down the centre,
glabrous, acuminate, lateral ^-connate ; posterior lobe of petals
subequal to anterior, breadth of petals shorter than length of
sepals, longer than upper surfaces of lip.

In fl. Aug.-April; Blue Mt. Peak, J.P. 14 (in part) ; Cinchona, J.P. 16
(in part) ; Morris ! Moy Hall, Sullivan ! John Crow Peak, 5500 ft. ; New-
haven, 4000 ft. ; ridge from Newhaven Gap to Vinegar Hill, 4000 ft. ; near
Woodcutters' Gap, 4000 ft. ; ridge above Morse's Gap, 5300 ft. ; Hardware
Gap, 4500 ft. ; Blue Mt. Peak, 7000 ft. ; Harris ! Portland Gap ; Morse's
Gap, 4800 ft. ; John Crow Peak ; Faivcett ! Retreat, J.P. 2031, Miss T. M.
Barrett I Fl. Jam. 7758, 7832, 7833, 10,082, 10,127, 10,459.

Plant 3-8 in. high. Stems 2 5 cm. 1., rarely longer (to 15 cm.),
much longer than the leaves ; mouth and ridges of the sheaths minutely
ciliolate. Leaves, including the short stalk, generally 2-3 cm., rarely to
4 cm. 1., 8-13 mm. br., often purple beneath, elliptical, acuminate.
Racemes 2-3*5 cm. 1., several, clustered, sometimes shorter, sometimes
longer than the leaves ; flowers several, close together. Sepals very

LEPANTHES 71

variable in size, 4-6 mm. 1., 2-4 mm. br., ovate, acuminate ; lateral
i-connate, apices diverging. Petals 2* 5-3" 5 mm. br., apex obscure, extended
nearly equally on both sides; lobes * 75-1*5 mm. br., linear to linear-
oblong, obtuse; anterior half orange, posterior half crimson, the crimson
colour sometimes extending nearly to the edge. Lip crimson, with more
or less orange shading, upper surfaces lanceolate, anterior acute, posterior
obtuse. Column crimson; anther light-purplish. Capsules 5 mm. 1.,
4 mm. br., obovoid, with 6 ridges.

The colour of the sepals varies with age ; when the flower opens, it is a
transparent light yellow slightly shaded with crimson down the centre ;
as the flower grows older the crimson shading extends almost to the edges
showing very little of the yellow. When the flower opens, the tips of both
lobes of the petals overlap, then they straighten, but in the old flower
converge again ; when the lobe-tips converge, the apex of the petal appears
distinctly acute, but when the petals are straight, the apex is not evident.

Var. minor Fawc. & Bendle loc. cit.

In fl. Sept., Moy Hall, Sullivan \
- Plant smaller. Stems to 3 cm. 1. Leaves broadly elliptical, very
shortly acuminate, rarely exceeding 1*5 cm. 1., 1 cm. br. Racemes to
2 cm. 1., slightly longer than the leaf. Sepal, median 3 mm. 1., barely
2 mm. br. ; lateral 3*2 mm. 1. Petals less than "5 mm. 1., 2-5mm. br.
Upper surfaces of lip-lobes lanceolate, acute, a little over 2 mm. 1.

8. L. ovalis comb. nov. ; stem many times (3-5) longer than
leaf ; leaf 4—7 cm. 1. ; sepals tawny yellow, sometimes flushed
with crimson, deltoid, acute, lateral ^-connate ; petals, posterior
lobe much larger, elliptical, obtuse, anterior lanceolate, acute ;
breadth of petals shorter than length of sepals, longer than upper
surfaces of lip ; lip, upper surfaces scarcely longer than the
anterior lobes of the petals, lanceolate-subulate, apex pointing
abruptly upwards. — L. concinna Sw. in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 85
(1799); FJ. Ind. Occ. 1557 & Adnot. Bat. t. 2, /. 4 ; Griseb. op.
cit. 611 ; Fawc. & Bendle op. cit. 10, /. II. f. 22-25. Epidendrum
ovale Sw. Prodr. 125 (1788).

In fl. Oct. -Feb. ; summits of the mountains, Swartz ! Cinchona, J. P.
16 (in part), Morrisl Mt. Moses, J.P. 2268, Syme I Green Hill Wood,
3500 ft.; Mabess River, 3500-4000 ft.; John Crow Peak; north side
below John Crow Peak, 5000 ft. ; below Vinegar Hill, 3900 ft. ; Morse's
Gap, 4800 ft., and ridge above the Gap, 5500 ft. ; Holly Mount, Mt. Diabolo,
2600 ft., 3000 ft. ; Harris ! John Crow Peak, Fawcett ! Greenhill, 3000 ft.
Moore ! Fl. Jam. 7755, 7767, 7782, 8909, 9782, 9892. 10,091.— Cuba.

Plant sometimes as much as 10 in. high. Rhizome short, woody.
Secondary stems, sometimes as much as 20 cm. 1., barely 1 mm. br., slender,
wiry, erect or suberect ; sheaths thin, minutely ciliolate on the acute
mouth and ridges ; by the perishing of the sheaths, the older stems often
become bare, exposing the cylindrical internodes, which often have a
reddish tinge. Leaves, generally 4-7 cm. 1., 1-5-2-8 cm. br., elliptical,
acuminate, shortly stalked. Racemes to 5 cm. 1., shorter than the leaves ;
besides the flowering peduncle, a number (sometimes as many as 15) of
dried peduncles of former flowering seasons often form a dense cluster in
the leaf-axil. Bracts glabrous, slightly acuminate. Floivers 8-16, in two
close ranks in the upper 6-12 mm. Sepals deltoid, acute, 2*5-4 mm. 1. ;
median 2 -5-3 '75 mm. br. ; lateral 3-4- 5 mm. br. Petals 2*5-3 mm br.,

Hr

72 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

posterior lobes L*5 L'6 mm. x 1-1*8 mm.; orange, haded on the inner
Bide with crimson or purple; anterior lobes L'4-1'5 X '75 mm., yellow.

Lip crimson or purple; upper surfaces *75-l*l mm. 1. Column short,
crimson, dilated above; anther obovatc, apex retuse. C<i/>st(/f 4 mu\. \.,
3 mm. br., obovate, gibbous at the apex, the pedicel elongating considerably
in the fruit (7 mm. in our specimen).

9. L. obtusipetala sp. nov. ; plant 4-7 in. high ; stem
many times (2—3) longer than leaves ; leaf 3-5 cm. 1. ; bracts
glabrous; sepals deltoid, acuminate, lateral ^-connate; petals
rhomboidal, apex mucronate, lobes subequal, somewhat square,
breadth of petals shorter than length of sepals, longer than
upper surfaces of lip ; lip, upper surfaces longer than anterior
lobes of petals, narrowly oblanceolate, tapering both anteriorly
and posteriorly to an acute point. — L. concinna Sw. var. obtusi-
petala Fawc. & Rendle op. cit. 11 (1904). Types in Herb. Mus.
Brit, and Jam. Herb.

In fl. June ; J. P. 14 (in part) Morris ! Portland Gap, 5550 ft., Fawcett !

Plant much like L. ovalis, differing in some details given above, and
also as follows: 4-7 in. high. Stems 7-14 cm. 1. Leaves 1*3-2 cm. br.
Racemes 1-2 cm. 1., much shorter than the leaves, few (3-5) in a cluster,
and most of them with one flower open at the same time, pedicels of 2-4
older flowers remaining on each peduncle. Sepals, median 4*5-5 mm. 1.,
3*7-4 mm. br., lateral 5 mm. 1., together 4*5 mm. br. Petals 1*2 mm. 1.,
2*3-2*5 mm. br., posterior lobe a little larger than the anterior. Lip,
upper surfaces of lobes 1*5-2 mm. 1. (The flowers on some specimens
measure scarcely more than half the above.)

On reconsideration, we are inclined to regard this as a distinct
species.

10. L. obtusa Fawc. & Rendle op. cit. 11, t. II f. 26; plant
4-5 in. high; stems (1^—2 times) longer than leaves; leaf 3*5-
5*5 cm. 1. ; bracts glabrescent ; sepals crimson, glabrous, deltoid,
acute, lateral ^-connate ; petals somewhat deltoid, apex obtuse,
surface minutely pubescent, lobes subequal, posterior somewhat
rhomboidal, anterior obtusely triangular, breadth of petals shorter
than length of sepals, longer than upper surfaces of lip ; lip,
upper surfaces a little longer than the anterior lobes of petals,
posterior half oblong, anterior tapering to an acute apex.

In fl. Nov.-April ; Blue Mt. Peak, J. P. 14 (in part), Morris ! Greenhill,
3000 ft., Moore ! Portland Gap Road, Fawcett ! Newhaven Gap, 1000 ft. ;
between Morse's Gap and Vinegar Hill, 4000 ft. ; Newhaven, 4000 ft. ;
ridge from Newhaven Gap to Vinegar Hill, 4000 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam.
7834, 10,081.

Plant much like L. ovalis but smaller. Stems slender, 10-12 cm. 1.,
much longer than the leaves. Leaves 1*2-2 cm. br., narrowly elliptical,
acuminate, bright violet on lower side. Racemes 2 cm. 1., scarcely half as
long as the leaves, few (3-6) in a cluster, of which two or three have one
(sometimes two) flowers open at same time. Bracts sheathing, shortly
acuminate, about 2 mm. 1. Sepals, median 5-6 mm. 1. and br. ; lateral,

LEPANTHES 73

5-5-6 mm. 1., 6 -3-6 -5 mm. br. below the point of union. Petals 3*5 mm.
br., crimson. Lip crimson. Column short, dilated above. Capsule 5 mm.
L, broadly obovoid. (The flowers on some specimens scarcely measure
more than half the measurements given above.)

11. L. arcuata Fawc. & Bendle in Joum. Bot. xlviii. 6 (1909) ;
sepals magenta-crimson, lateral ^-connate ; breadth of petals
shorter than length of sepals, and shorter than upper surfaces of
lip. — (PI. 11, f. 1-7.) Types in Herb. Mus. Brit, and Jam. Herb.

On trunks of trees ; in fl. and fr., Feb. ; Holly Mount, Mt. Diabolo,
2600 ft., Harris I

Plant 1 to 1^ in. high. Stem 1-5-2-5 cm. 1., longer than the leaf;
sheaths ciliolate on the mouth and ridges. Leaf 1-2-1-7 cm. 1., narrowly-
elliptical to roundish-elliptical. Racemes with several flowers, clustered,
shorter than the leaf. Bract shortly acute, glabrescent. Floicers about
Jjy in. 1. Sepals, median 2*3 mm. 1., ovate-lanceolate, acuminate ; lateral
2 mm. 1., broadly ovate, acuminate, 1-nerved. Petals brick-orange-yellow,
barely 1 mm. br., 3-lobed, lobes subequal, obtusely triangular. Lip brick-
orange-yellow tinged with crimson, 1*5 mm. 1., upper surfaces of lateral
lobes much longer than the petals and column, 1 mm. 1., linear-lanceolate,
subfalcate. Column short, '6 mm. 1., of a rather lighter shade of magenta-
crimson than the sepals ; anther white.

This species is near L. trident ata in appearance, but differs in the lip,
the short column, and in other respects. Petals in breadth barely 1 mm.,
while those of L. tridcntata are 1*5 mm. broad. Lip 1*5 mm. 1., the
lateral lobes nearly twice as long as the column, being 1 mm. 1., whereas
the lip of L. tridentata is just over 1 mm. 1., the lateral lobes being barely
1 mm. 1. The column is "6 mm. 1. as contrasted with that of L. tridentata,
which is 1 mm. 1.

12. L. eoehlearifolia Sw. in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 86, t. 5,
jigs. 6, a, 6(1799); stem much longer than leaf ; leaf roundish, 1 ■ 5-
2*5 cm. 1. ; sepals purple, lateral ^-connate; breadth of petals
about as long as length of sepals. — Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 1563
& Adnot. Bot. t. 2, fig. 1 ; Griseb. op. cit. 611 ; Fence. & Bendle
in Trans. Linn. Soc. vii. 9, t. II. f. 18-21. Epidendrum coch-
learifolium Sw. Prodr. 126 (1788). Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

In fl. Sept.-April ; summits of the Blue Mts., Swartz ! Swift River,
J. P. 463 (2679); Mt. Moses, 3500 ft., J.P. 2373; Symel Browns Town,
Miss T. M. Barrett ! John Crow Peak, slopes of spur, 100 to 300 ft. above
Mabess Biver, Faivcettl near Mabess Biver, 3500-1000 ft.; near John
Crow Peak ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7788, 7828, 9015.

Plant less than 3 in. high. Stems 2-6 cm. 1. ; mouth of the sheath
broadly open, apex acute ; margin and ridges covered with numerous
stiffish white hairs. Leaves 1-1-8 cm. br., sometimes tinged with purple,
varying in shape from orbicular to broadly elliptical, shortly apiculate,
narrowing at the base into a short stalk, the marginal and three principal
veins uniting below the apex. Racemes generally less than 1 cm. 1., less
than half as long as the leaves, generally several clustered, lax, with few
flowers. Sepals 5-6 mm. 1., 3-3 -5 mm. br., ovate, acuminate. Petals
brick-orange-yellow, tinged with crimson towards the centre, with a short
blunt apex and a short rhomboidal body -65 mm. 1., shortly toothed at the
lower corners and drawn out at the upper into longer tapering upcurving

74 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

horns; 6 mm. br., Including tlio horns. Lip purplish-crimson; upper

surfaces lanceolate. Column short, dilated Under the apex ; anther
ohovately rectangular, emarginate.

^ -. Haplocheilus. Lip not dividing near the base, but
expanding variously above the petals.

13. L. bilabiata Fawc. <& Bendle op. cit. 1, /. /. /. 1-4;
sepals, median dark crimson-purple, lateral reddish, fj-connate ;
petals 2-lobed : lip suborbicular, cordate.

In fl. Sept. -Feb., above Mabess Kiver, 3000 and 4000 ft., Fawcett I
Harris ! near Hardware Gap, 4300 ft; ridge below Vinegar Hill, 3800 ft. ;
Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7786, 10,095.

Plant | to 1^ in. high. Stems 1-2 • 5 cm. 1., rarely shorter, thin,
usually exceeding the leaf ; sheaths witb acuminate mouth ciliolate,
ridges muriculate. Leaf narrowly elliptical, narrowing at the base into
a short stalk 2-3 mm. 1., blade 10-17 rnm. 1., 4-7 mm. br., obscurely
apiculate. Racemes often several clustered, half as long as the leaf, lax,
witb a few flowers. Bracts subacute, almost glabrous. Sepals, median
3 mm. 1. and br., concave and shaped like an open basket, mucronate ;
lateral 2*5 mm. 1., forming an anterior bifid lip, like the dorsal but scarcely
as wide, apices acute. Petals about 3 mm. br., apex obscure, the anterior
lobe whitish-yellow, shortly subulate ; the posterior lobe larger, dark
crimson-purple. Lip about 2 mm. 1., and somewhat broader when
flattened ; whitish-yellow, concave, 2- or 3-denticulate at apex, enclosing
the column. Column short, dilated above ; anther obovate, deeply
emarginate. Capsule subglobose, gibbous, with six conspicuous keels,
markedly asymmetrical.

14. L. elliptiea Fawc. & Bendle in Journ. Bot. xlviii. 5

(1909); sepals crimson, lateral ^-connate; petals subulate; lip
elliptical, apiculate.- — (PI. 11, f. 18-21.)

On trucks of trees ; in fl. Sept. ; Holly Mount, Mt. Diabolo, 2700 ft.
Harris ! Fl. Jam. 9895a.

Plant 1 to 1^ in. high. Stem 1-3 cm. 1., exceeding the leaf; the
large spreading hirsute sheaths and stems are much like those of L. coch-
leari folia. Leaf 1-2 cm. 1., ■ 5-1*1 cm. br., sessile, elliptical, narrowing
at the base. Racemes 2-several clustered or solitary, shorter than the
leaf, with few flowers, bracteoles ciliolate at length glabrate. Flowers
about \ in. 1., crimson. Sepals 3*5 mm. 1., the median slightly
over 2 mm. br., triangular-ovate, shortly acuminate, lateral similar to
median. Petals only developed anteriorly into a subulate lobe reaching
in bud to about the top of the anther. Lip small, simple, springing from
the column. Column (without anther) 1 mm. 1.

15. L. brevipetala Fawc. & Bendle loc. cit. ; sepals crimson,
lateral shortly connate ; petals very short, roundish-ovate,
obtuse; lip large, simple, semi-circular, cordate.— (PI. 11, f. 22,
23.) Types in Herb. Mus. Brit, and in Jam. Herb.

On trees ; in fl. and fr. Dec. ; J.P. 17, Morris ! Silver Hill, Woodland,
4000 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7539.

Plant 2 to 3J in. high. Stem 3-7 cm. 1., robust for the genus,
exceeding the leaf ; sheaths large, spreading, much like those of L. coch-

LEPANTHES 75

learifolia, ferruginous-hirsute, mouth broadly open with acute apex.
Leaves 2-5-4 cm. L, "7-1 cm. br., narrowly elliptical, obtuse. Racemes
generally several clustered, often a little longer than the leaf. Flowers
very small, Txg in. 1., crimson, several. Sepals, median 1-4 mm. 1.,
broadly ovate, obtuse, concave; lateral 1*2 mm. 1., subacute. Petals
•3 mm. 1., simple. Lip 1 mm. 1*., a little more than 1 mm. br., concave,
strongly 3-nerved. Column short, about -5 mm. 1. Capsule 4 mm. 1.,
ellipsoidal, with three narrow wings.

16. L. Harrisii Fawc. & Bendle loc. cit. ; sepals dark crimson-
purple, lateral J-connate ; petals short, shortly elliptical, rounded
at apex ; lip ovate-roundish, subcordate, rounded at apex. — (PI.
11, f. 8-11.)

On trees; in fl. and fr. Feb.; Holly Mount, Mt. Diabolo, 2600 ft.,
Harris !

Plant about 1J in. high. Stem 3-4 cm. 1., longer than the leaf ;
sheaths robust, ferruginous-hirtellous on the broad mouth and ridges.
Leaf, blade 1*5-2 cm. 1., 7-9 mm. br., elliptical. Racemes few-flowered,
longer than the leaf ; bracts acute, glabrous. Flowers ^ in. 1., dark
crimson-purple, less caducous than usual. Sepals 2*5 mm. 1., median
long-ovate, 3-nerved ; lateral lanceolate, 1-nerved. Petals '7 mm. 1., like
those of L. brevipetala, but twice as long. Lip 1'3 mm. 1., strongly
3-nerved. Column short, -5 mm. 1. Capsule ellipsoidal, 6-keeled.

17. L. tridentata Sw. in Nov. Act. TJpsal. vi. 86 (1799);
sepals yellowish, lateral ^-connate ; petals subrhomboid but
extended transversely, truncate at the base, with the upper
margins slightly concave, the posterior lobes embracing the
column and meeting behind it ; lip anteriorly rounded and
suddenly mucronate, posteriorly with two erect awd-shaped
lobes lying close to the column and of equal length to it. — Sw.
Fl. Ind. Occ. Hi. 1561 k Adnot. Bot. t. 2,/. 2; Griseb op. cit.
610, excl. syn. ; Fawc. & Bendle in Trans. Linn. Soc. vii. 6, t. I.
f. 8-11. Epidenclrum tridentatum Sw. Prodr. 125 (1788). Type
in Herb. Mus. Brit.

In fl. throughout the year; Blue Mts., Swartz ! near Mabess River,
4000 ft. ; Morse's Gap, 5000 ft. ; near John Crow Peak, 5200 ft. ; Harris !
near John Crow Peak ; near Newhaven Gap ; Faivcett ! Moy Hall,
Sullivan ! — Cuba.

Plant 1J-3 in. high. Stems 2-7 cm. 1., very much longer than the
leaves ; she"ath margins ciliolate, ridges muriculate. Leaves somewhat
elliptical, and tapering at base and apex, 1-5-2-4 cm. 1., 5-7 mm. br.
Racemes a little shorter than the leaf, 2-4-clustered, rarely solitary.
Flowers numerous, in two ranks, closely crowded in the upper half or third
of the raceme. Sepals 2-5 mm. 1., ovate-acuminate; median 1 mm. br. ;
lateral 1*5 mm. br. at the point of union. Petals yellowish, suberect.
Lip crimson. Column 1 mm. 1., pink, scarcely dilated at the apex; anther
white, roundly obcordate. Capsule 5 mm. 1., subglobose, with prominent
deep-purple keels.

Swartz describes the flower as purple-yellow.

18. L. quadrata Fawc. & Bendle op. cit. 7, t. If. 12-14;
sepals purplish-crimson, lateral i-connate ; petals with a short

76 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

blunt apex, the Lobes of «*« ju.-il length, posterior oblanceolate,
coinenriiii;, anterior linear: lip consisting of a lari/e anterior
subquadrate portion attached by a very short insertion on the
column-base, with a Bhallowly notched broadly rounded apex,
and produced behind into a pair of bluntly tapering narrow lobes
about equal in length to the anterior portion.

In 11. Nov. -April ; near John Crow Peak ; near Mabcss River, 3500 ft.,
4000 ft. ; Holly Mount, Mt. Diabolo, 2700 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7746, 7824,
7827, 9016, 9893.

Plant about 1^ in. high. Stems to 2*5 cm. 1., longer than the leaves;
mouth of the sheaths spreading, minutely ciliolate ; ridges muriculate.
Leaves 1-1*6 cm. 1., 4-9 mm. br., oval to elliptical. Racemes generally
several clustered, sometimes solitary, not half as long as the leaves.
Bracts glabrous. Flowers few, distant. Sepals 3 mm. 1., ovate-acuminate,
ventricose, margin and nerves ciliolate, lateral a little smaller. Petals
1*5 mm. br. Column short, dilated above; anther ovoid, rectangular,
emarginate. Capsule obovoid.

19. L. eoneolor Fawc. d- Bendle op. cit. 5, t. I. f. 5-7 ; sepals
pale yellow, lateral ^-connate ; petals obversely deltoid, at the
apex unequally concave; lip anteriorly shallowly retuse with a
short apiculus, lobes thick, extended backwards and embracing
the column.

In fl. Aug.-Feb. ; Moy Hall, Sullivan ! Morse's Gap and Blue Mountains
ridge, Faiccett ! ridge above Morse's Gap, 5400 ft. ; Newhaven Gap, 5600 ft. ;
Rose Hill, 4000 ft. ; Newhaven, 4000 ft. ; ridge from Newhaven Gap to
Vinegar Hill, 4000 ft. ; John Crow Peak ; above Mabess River ; Harris !
Fl. Jam. 7831, 10,083, 10,465, 10,468.

Plant J-ljk in. high. Stems generally 2-3 cm. 1., much longer than the
leaf ; sheaths conspicuously ridged, the month (sharply acute) and the
ridges minutely ciliolate. Leaf, blade generally 1 to 1 • 5 cm. 1., 5-8 mm. br.,
oval to roundish oval. Racemes 6-8 mm. 1., generally shorter than the leaf,
1-3-clustered, lax, with a few flowers, one or two open at a time. Bracts
glabrate. Flowers about J in. 1., pale yellow. Sepals 3 mm. 1., ovate,
glabrous, lateral each barely 1*5 mm. br. at union, median 2*5 mm. br.
Petals a little over 1 mm. 1. and slightly broader, pale yellow. Lip
1*5 mm. br., lobes 1 mm. 1. Column short, dilated above. Capsule
4 mm. 1., 3 mm. br., obliquely obovoid, 6-keeled.

The plant from Rose Hill differs from the other specimens in having
the racemes longer than the leaf ; they reach nearly 2 cm. The flowers,
however, resemble those of specimens from other localities.

24. BRACHIONIDIUM Lindl.

Epiphytic herbs, forming a long prostrate rhizome, which
often branches, and is more or less covered with scarious sheaths.
Secondary stems with a solitary leaf, very short below the leaf,
covered by one or two scarious sheaths. Leaf somewhat leathery,
rather small, contracted at the base into a short petiole. Peduncle
solitary, enclosed with the petiole in a scarious sheath with one
flower and generally also an aborted bract. Sepals produced at

BRACHIONIDIUM 77

the apex into long tails, lateral connate nearly to apex. Petals
similar to sepals. Lip small, jointed to foot of column. Column
short, broad, erect, with a foot ; clinandrium 3-lobed. Anther
opercular, incumbent, somewhat flat, cordate, indistinctly 2-celled ;
pollinia 6, elongated, clavate, in two bundles. Capsule obovoid.
Species 5 or 6, natives of the Andes of Bolivia and Colombia,
of Alt. Roraima in British Guiana, and of the West Indies.

B. Sherringii Bolfe in Kew Bulletin, 1893, 4. — B. parvum
Cogn. in Fedde Bepert. vi. 307 (1909), as regards the Jamaican
plant. (PI. 12.)

Amongst mosses on banks, or on trees ; in fl. Oct.-Dec. ; below
Mount Moses, 3000 ft., J. P. 2361 Syme ! Harris I Regale, below Hardware
Gap, A. Moore ! Fl. Jam. 7802, 10,474.— Grenada, Martinique, St. Kitts. -

Plant 1-lij in. bigh from the creeping or climbing rbizome. Secondary
stem very sbort, 6-12 mm. 1., enclosed by scarious truncate apiculate
sheaths. Leaf oblanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, narrowed into the
petiole, 3-denticulate at apex, 7-nerved ; blade 1*5-3 cm. 1., 4-12 mm. br.
Peduncle slender, longer tban tbe leaf, l'5-3'5 cm., springing from a
scarious bract, bearing an acuminate sbeatbing bract at or below tbe
middle, 3-4-5 mm. 1., and a tbird at tbe apex, 2-3 mm. 1., tubular,
spreading, enclosing tbe sbort thick pedicel of the flower and a slender
pedicel 4 mm. 1., bearing an aborted bract. Flowers claret-coloured,
sometimes tinged witb tawny-yellow on tbe sepals, periantb 1 in. 1.
Sepals, median oval, acuminate, caudate, 1*2 cm. 1. without tail, 3-4 mm. br. ;
tail reaching nearly 2 cm. 1. ; lateral connate, tail 2-fid at apex, similar to
median but broader, 4-5 mm. br., tail 1*5 crn. 1. Petals as long as the
sepals, subfalcate, ovate, caudate, margin minutely ciliolate, 1-1 "1 cm. 1.,
2 -5-4 mm. br., tail 1'5 cm. 1. Lip, in the fresh flower, apparently simple,
horseshoe-shaped, embracing the column, attached by a rather broad claw
to the foot of the column, purple ; when spread out under the microscope,
it is evidently 3-lobed, with a short, slender claw, 1*5 rnm. 1., middle lobe
transversely oblong-elliptical, at apex mucronate, 3-nerved, 1 mm. br.,
lateral lobes oblong, incurved over the disk ; breadth of lip at lobes 3 mm.
Column broad, a little over 1 mm. 1.

25. ISOCHILUS R. Br.

Stems erect from a creeping rhizome, covered with the
sheaths of leaves, no pseudobulbs. Leaves in two ranks, spreading,
linear or lanceolate, somewhat rigidly herbaceous, generally
obtuse or retuse. Flowers medium-sized, rose-coloured, lake-
magenta or crimson, in a terminal dense one-sided raceme, with
very short stalks. Bracts concave, much shorter than the flower.
Sepals equal, erect, keeled-concave, at the base somewhat saccate.
Petals slightly shorter than the sepals, flat. Lip equal to the
petals, and with them attached to the base of the column,
contracted below the middle, and slightly sigmoid-flexuose, dilated
towards the middle. Column erect, somewhat long, semiterete,
not winged, at the apex at the sides of the stigma produced into
two erect points, with a short foot ; clinandrium little prominent,

78 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

with ;i short posterior tooth, hearing the anther. Anther
terminal, opercular, convex, distinctly - celled ; cells divided
again into two cells hy an imperfect longitudinal septum;
pollinia 1, waxy, two in each cell, equal, ovoid-oblong, compressed
parallel, erect, the appendage granular- viscous, laminiform,
ascending from the base, incumbent on the pollinia. Capsule
globose or ovoid, ribs only slightly prominent.

Species about 13, natives of warmer America from the West
Indies and Mexico to Brazil and Peru.

I. linearis B. Br. in Ait. Hort. Keiv. ed. 2, v. 209 (1813);
Bot. Beg. t. 745 ; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 112 ; Griseb. Fl. Br.
W. Ind. 623. Helleborine tenuifolia repens Plum. PL Amer.
(Burnt.) t. 182, /. 1.- Epidendrum lineare Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 221,
t. 131,/. 1 (1763), Ed. pict. t. 201. Cymbidium lineare Sw. in
Nov. Act. TJpsal. vi. 72 (1799). (PI. 13, f. 8-13.)

On trees and rocks ; in fl. Sept.-March, in fr. Nov.-March ; Shakespear !
Swartz ! Macfadyen ! Peter sfield, St. Mary, McNab ! Radnor, Fur die !
Fairfield, Wullschlaegel, 1063 ! March ! Prior ! Blue Mts. J.P. 32, Morris !
Catherine Peak, Eggers, 3527; near Browns Town, Miss T. M. Barrett I
Unity Valley, St. Ann, Miss A. Roper \ Cinchona, 4500 ft., Fawcett !
Harris ! Tweedside, south St. Andrew, Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7752, 7843,
10,460. — Cuba, Hispaniola, Porto Pico, St. Vincent, Guadeloupe, Dominica,
Martinique, Trinidad, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Mexico,
Venezuela, Colombia, B. Guiana, Brazil, Argentine, Bolivia, Peru.

Plant 1 ft. -2 ft. 4 in. high. Stems 2-6 dm. 1. Leaves 3 5-6 • 5 cm. 1.,
3-6 mm. br. ; sheaths 1-2-5 cm. 1. Racemes l'5-3-5 cm. 1. Bracts
coloured like the flowers, obovate, 7-10 mm. 1. Floivers about ^ in. 1.
Ovary 2-winged. Sep>als 2-3 nerves on each side of median curve, lateral
with a strong keel, which is decurrent on ovary, and forms a mucro at
apex, oblong, tapering near apex, shortly connate at base, about 10 mm. 1.,
3 mm. br. ; median not keeled, oblong, abruptly acute, a little shorter and
broader than the lateral. Petals 5-nerved, oblanceolate-elliptical, apex
obtuse, somewhat oblique at base, a little shorter and narrower than the
median sepal. Lip 7-nerved, oblong, expanding in middle, tapering near
the apex, and slightly tapering to base, curved from base inwards to
embrace column and then outwards, 8-10 mm. 1., 1-1*25 mm. br. Column
•5 cm. 1. Capsule 6-ribbed, two ribs prominent above, 7-9 mm. 1., about
3 mm. br.

26. 0CTADESMIA Benth.

Epiphytic herbs, with simple leafy stems. Leaves linear-
oblong or broadly lanceolate, in two ranks, somewhat rigid but
not fleshy, with numerous fine prominent nerves, jointed with,
and deciduous from, the sheath. Peduncle terminal, simple, or
slightly branched, the branches laxly few-flowered. Flowers
medium-sized, shortly stalked. Bracts short, sheathing at the
base. Sepals, all of about the same length, somewhat spreading,
lateral somewhat falcate, connected under the lip into a slightly
prominent chin. Petals somewhat like the lateral sepals. Lip
suberect from the base of the column, free, oblong or roundish,

OCTADESMIA 79

3-lobed, lateral lobes slightly prominent. Column somewhat
long, slightly incurved, cod cave anteriorly, with a short foot ;
clinandrium obscurely 3-lobed. Anther terminal, opercular,
incumbent, semi-globose, with two cells which are divided
again. Pollinia 8, four in each cell, connected at the apices by
a small amount of viscid substance. Capsule oblong or elongate,
spindle-shaped, contracted into a short beak.
Species 2, natives of West Indies and Brazil.

Plant 1-2 ft. high 1. 0. montana.

Plant reaching to 6 ft. high 2. 0. elata.

1. 0. montana Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 311 (1881)
& in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. Hi. 525 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate ;
lip about as broad as long. — Cogn. in Fl. Bras. Hi. pt. 5, 19 & in
Symb. Ant. iv. 172. Epidendrum montanum Sw. Prodr. 121
(1788). Cymbidium montanum Sio. in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 72
(1799) & Fl. Ind. Occ. 1469. Octomeria serratifolia Hook, in Bot.
Mag. t. 2823 (1828). Bletia montana Beichb. f. in Walp. Ann.
Bot. vi. 445 (1862). Tetramicra montana Griseb. FL Brit. W.
Ind. 622 (1864). (PL 17, f. 13-16.) Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trees and rocky banks ; in fl. Nov. -March ; Blue Mts., Swartz !
Wiles ! Macfadyenl Wilson ! Jenmanl Blue Mts., 5000-5500 ft., J.P. 27,
Moi-ris ! near Gordon Town, Watt ! Morse's Gap, 5000 ft., Faivcett ! Harris !
Ridge from Newhaven Gap to Vinegar Hill, 4000 ft. ; Hardware Gap,
4000 ft. ; below Sir John's Peak, 6000 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7550, 10,090,
10,128, 10,436.— Hispaniola, Porto Pico.

Plant 15-24 in. high. Stem 2-6 dm. 1., covered below with sheaths,
leafy above. Sheaths striate and with brown spots and minute warts,
2*5-3 cm. 1., free portion short. Leaves 4-11 cm. 1., 7-20 mm. br. Panicle
(sometimes a raceme) 4-20 cm. 1. Bracts minutely spotted and warty,
free portion triangular, acute or acuminate; sterile 1-1*7 cm. 1.; floral
* 5-1 cm. 1. Ovary and pedicel each 4 * 5 mm. 1. Flowers creamy-white, with
a delicate scent of violtts, perianth over \ in. 1. Sepals 5-nerved, oblong-
lanceolate, median 1-4-1*8 cm. 1., 4*5 mm. br.,apex obtuse ; lateral rather
shorter, apex thickened and shortly apiculate. Petals 3-nerved, linear-
oblong, tapering to apiculate apex, 1*2-1*5 cm. 1., 2*5-3*5 mm. br. Lip
very shortly clawed, 5-nerved with numerous lateral nerves branching off,
roundish in outline, disk 2-lamellate below, with minute warty calii along
the three nerves of the terminal lobe, lamellae 2-]obed ; lateral lobes short,
obtuse ; terminal lobe much larger, minutely crenulate, apiculate, 9-10
mm. 1., and about as broad. Column narrowly 2-winged, 6-6*5 mm. 1.
Capsule ellipsoidal, 2*5 cm. 1.

2. 0. elata Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. Hi. 525 (1883) ; leaves
broadly lanceolate ; lip longer than broad. — Type in Herb. Kew.

On trees, in rocky soil, and in peatv mould in forest ; in fl. March ;
Mt. Moses, 3500-4000 ft., Syme ! Harris !

Plant robust, erect, upright, reaching to 6 ft. high. Stem 15 or 16 drn. 1.,
below bearing the fibrous remains of the leaf-sheaths, leafy above.
Leaves, passing above into spathaceous bracts, blade 8-11 cm. 1., 2-3 cm.
br. Panicle 2 dm. 1. Bracts, sterile 4-2 cm. 1., floral about 1 cm. 1.
Ovary (fertilised) and pedicel, each generally about 1 cm. 1. Flowers,
perianth over \ in. 1. Sepals 7-nerved, narrowly oblong, slightly apiculate ;

80 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

median 1'75 om. L, 1 mm. br. ; lateral keeled and slightly hooded towards
apex, about 1 '5 om. 1., barely 4 mm. br. Petals 5-nerved, narrowly oblong,
slightly keeled and hooded, 1*5 om. 1., 8*5 nun. br. Lip sessile, 7-nerved
with Lateral aerves, obovate-oblong in outline, 1 cm. 1., 7 mm. br., disk
2-lamellate below, Lamellee and prominent middle nerve extending as
prominent lines towards apex, lateral lobes rounded, terminal lobe much
Larger, at apex 3-lobulate, apiculate. Column about 7 mm, I.

27. CCELIA Lindl.

Epiphytic herbs. Stems with several leaves, increasing at
the base to form fleshy pseudobulbs. Leaves long, narrow,
plaited, veiny. Scapes at the base of the pseudobulbs, short,
simple, with imbricate subspathaceous sheaths at the base.
Flowers medium-sized, densely racemose, shortly pedicellate.
Bracts membranous or paleaceous, narrow, longer than the
flowers. Sepals, all of about the same length, erect from the
base, spreading above ; median free, concave ; lateral broader,
connate at the base with the foot of the column, forming a short
or long chin. Petals somewhat similar to the median sepal.
Lip jointed at foot of column, narrow, incumbent at the base,
spreading above, undivided, contracted into a flexuose claw.
Column short, rather broad, acute, margined, produced at the
base into a foot. Anther terminal, opercular, incumbent, semi-
globose, perfectly 2-celled ; pollinia 8, waxy, four in each cell,
ovoid, cohering at the apex by a sparse viscid substance. Capsule
prominently winged.

Species about 6, natives of the West Indies, Central America
and Mexico.

C. triptera G. Don ex Steud. Nom. ed. 2, i. 394 (1840). —
Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 629. C. Bauerana Lindl. Gen. & Sp.
Orch. 36 (1830), in Bauer III. Orcli. PI. Gen. t. 3 & Bot. Beg.
xxviii. t. 36 (1842). Epidendrum tripterum Sm. Ic. Pict. t. 14
(1793). Cymbidium tripterum Sw. in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 70
(1799). Salisb. Ic. ined. vi.fol. 571. (PI. 13, f. 1-7.) Type in
Herb. Smith in Linn. Soc.

On rocky banks ; in fl. Jan.-Feb., in fr. March ; J. P. 486, Morris ! near
Browns Town, Miss T. M. Barrett ! Chester Vale, 3000 ft. ; Silver Hill
Woodland ; Harris ! FL Jam. 7614. — Cuba, Mexico.

Plant 1 ft. and more high. Pseudobulbs ovate-oblong, 3-5 cm. 1.
Leaves 3 or 4 from apex of pseudobulb, linear-lanceolate, long-tapering to
base where they are articulated with closed sheaths, 2-4 dm. 1. (incl. sheath),
1-2 cm. br. Scape 10-14 cm. 1. Bracts linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate,
2-2 -5 cm. 1. Flowers white, perianth a little over \ in. 1. Ovary with
nine wings, three very broad, about 1 cm. 1. Sepals 5-nerved, ovate,
obtuse, about 7*5 mm. 1., and 3 mm. br. Petals oblong, concave, obtuse,
about 7 mm. 1., nearly 2 mm. br. Lip with seven branching veins, oblong
below, expanding to form an obscure lobe on each side about the middle,
tapering to an obtuse apex, with a callus along the upper margin as far
as the lobes, about 6 mm. 1., more than 3 mm. br. at lobes. Column scarcely
2 mm. 1. Capsule ellipsoidal, about 1 cm. 1.

SEEAPHYTA 81

28. SERAPHYTA Fisch. & Mey.

Epiphytic herb. Stems leafy, sheathed at the base, scarcely
fleshy. Leaves leathery, elliptical, oblong or lanceolate, in two
ranks along the stem, with sheaths tightly adpressed. Panicle
terminal, laxly and thinly branched, with small stalked flowers
laxly racemose along the branches. Bracts minute. Sepals
nearly equal, free, acute, somewhat spreading. Petals narrowly
linear, nearly as long as the sepals, spreading. Claw of the lip
as long as the column, with which it is connate forming a cup ;
limb broadly ovate-cordate, undivided, spreading ; disc with a
callus at the mouth of the cup. Column short, the wings
forming a cup with the claw of the lip, foot wanting ; clinandrium
short, lateral lobes roundish, median obsolete. Anther terminal
between the lateral lobes, opercular, incumbent, subglobose,
thick and fleshy at the back, as if appendaged, 2-celled anteriorly,
each cell divided again into two cells ; pollinia 4, waxy, ovoid-
globose, distinct, without an appendage, connected in pairs by a
somewhat copious viscid substance elastically extensible into
two threads, and often attached to the rostellum. Capsule
broadly ellipsoidal, somewhat beaked, the ribs scarcely prominent.

Species 1, native of the West Indies, Mexico, Colombia and
Surinam.

S. diffusa Pfitz. in Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenf. ii. 6, 142
(1889). — S. multiflora Fisch. & Mey. in Bull. Sc. Acad. Petersb. mi.
24 (1840). Epidendrum diffusum Sw. Prodr. 121 (1788) & Fl.
hid. Occ. 1503; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 102 & Fol, Orch. Epi-
dendr. 88 ; Hook, in Pot. Mag. t. 3565 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. hid.
619. (PI. 14, f. 1-3.)

On trees; in fl. Sept.-Jan., in fr. Dec, Jan., July; Swartzl Mac-
fadyen ! Manchester and St. Mary, Purdie ! Fairfield, Wullschlaegel, 1052 !
March I Moneague, Priori Blue Mts., 2000-5000 ft. J.P. 30, Morris !
Blue Mts., Mrs. Maclaverty ! near Browns Town, Miss T. M. Barrett !
Cinchona, Plaxton ! Arntully, Miss Sabonadie're ! Ramble, Hanover ; near
Gordon Town ; Faivcett ! Ramble, Claremont, Fawcett & Harris ! Walder-
ston, Mrs. Longstaffl Cold Spring ; Belvedere, Hanover, 500 ft. ; Lancaster ;
Clydesdale, 3500 ft. ; Maryland ; Troy, 1600 ft. ; Harris ! Lyndhurst,
near Green Vale, Harris & Britton ! Fl. Jam. 7625, 7656, 7770, 10,394,
10,447, 10,623. — Cuba, Mexico, Colombia, Surinam.

Plant 7-27 in. higb. Stem 3-30 cm. 1. Leaves 3-6 cm. 1., 1- 5-3 '5 cm.
br. Panicle 1-3*5 cm. 1. Bracts deltoid, acute, 1-2 mm. 1. Pedicels
1-3 mm. 1. Flowers yellowisb-green, drying red, periantb about ^ in. 1.
Sepals 3-nerved, linear-lanceolate, subacute, 7' 5 mm. 1., lateral somewbat
oblique, 2*25 mm. br., median 1*75 mm. br. Petals 1-nerved, obtuse,
7 mm. 1., "65 mm. br. Lip as long as lateral sepals, median nerve promi-
nent below and forming a mucro at apex, limb about 5 mm. 1., 3*5 mm. br.
Column 2*5 mm. 1. Capsule 13-18 mm. 1.

G

82 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

29. ARPOPHYLLUM Llav. & Lex.

Epiphytic herb. Stems erect from a creeping rhizome, with
one leaf at the apex, and covered below the leaf with ample
sheaths. Leaf leathery, very long, folded together at the base,
but not closed into a sheath. Peduncle terminal with one or
two sheaths above the leaf ; spike long, dense, cylindrical, with
numerous medium-sized shortly stalked or stalkless flowers.
Bracts very small. Sepals of nearly equal length, free among
themselves, spreading, the lateral a little broader than the
median, concave at the base, adnate to the foot of the column.
Lip attached to the foot of the column, concave and somewhat
saccate quite at the base, above the swelling contracted and
incumbent, then erect ; crenulate on the margin above. Column
erect, slightly bent, not winged, produced at the base into a
short foot ; clinanclrium little dilated, rostellum shorter. Anther
opercular, incumbent, subglobose, 2-celled ; pollinia 8, four in
each cell, obovoid, acute or shortly acuminate, cohering into two
groups by a sparse viscid substance. Capsule ellipsoidal, 3-keeled,
3 -ribbed.

Species 5, natives of Jamaica, Mexico and Guatemala.

A. giganteum Hartweg ex Lindl. in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.
iv. 384 (1840); Beichenb. f. in Waif. Ann, vi. 448. (PI. 14,
f . 4-9 )

On rocks ; in fl. March-May; Old England, 4000 ft., J.P. 26, Morris !
Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7652. — Mexico, Guatemala.

Plant 2 ft. high and over. Rhizome about 8 mm. thick, covered with
sheaths, sending out very long stout roots. Stem 14-25 cm. 1., compressed,
of three or four long joints ; sheaths short at base, increasing above to
11 cm. 1. Leaves ligulate, flat above, keeled, 4-5 dm. 1., 2 to nearly 3 cm. br.
Peduncle 10-15 cm. 1. to base of spike ; spathe at base 9-13 cm. 1. Spike
14-15 cm. 1. Bracts triangular, acuminate, sterile, lowest clasping,
13-15 mm. 1., higber 2*5-5 mm. 1., floral 1*5 mm. 1. Floivers light purple,
stalkless, perianth J- in. 1. Sepals, lateral witb 3 nerves branching from
base, ovate-oblong, obtuse, sligbtly oblique, 6 mm. 1., about 3 mm. br. at
base; median 3-nerved, oblong, obtuse, 5*5 mm. 1., 2 mm. br. Petals,
1 median nerve \fitb a few pinnate nerves, oblanceolate-linear, apex
rounded, margin erose above, about 5*5 mm. 1., 1*6 mm. br. Lip about
5' 5 mm. 1., 7-nerved, not divided, hooded and erose above. Column
3*5-4 mm. 1. Capsule 7-8 mm. 1.

30. EPIDENDRUM Sw.

Epiphytic herbs. Stems leafy, sometimes fleshy, or at length
thickened into a pseudobulb, sometimes thinner, sometimes
branching. Leaves leathery or more rarely grass-like. Peduncle
terminal on a leafy stem, simple or paniculate. Flowers medium-
sized or somewhat small, racemose on a simple rachis or the
branches of a panicle, shortly stalked, with small or narrow
bracts, more rarely crowded on a very short, sessile raceme with

EPIDENDRUM 83

imbricate bracts. Sepals free, equal, spreading or reflexed, or
more rarely somewhat erect. Petals somewhat similar to the
sepals, or more rarely much narrower. Claw of the lip erect,
adpressed to the column and more or less connate with it into a
tube ; lateral lobes obsolete or more rarely dilated embracing
the column ; blade spreading, undivided or 3-fid ; disc with
various calli. Column generally narrow, connate with the claw
of the lip even to the apex, sometimes free, semiterete or more
rarely 2-winged or 2-auriculate ; clinandrium generally short.
Anther terminal, opercular, incumbent, convex or semiglobose,
distinctly 2-celled, each cell again divided longitudinally ; pollinia
4, waxy, ovate or broad, equal, compressed from the side, in one
series, connected in each cell by a granular-viscous appendage.
Capsule ovoid or oblong, the ribs often very prominent, or
sometimes winged.

Species about 750, widely dispersed through tropical America,
a few extending to the southern States of North America.

I. Column connate with lip beyond its middle or even as far as the
apex (but only to about the middle in E. cochleatum and E. spondiaduni) .

1. With pseudobulbs.

Lip 3-lobed, with fringed lobes 1. E.ciliare.

Lip entire.

Lip greenish-white with purple streaks ... 2. E. fragrans.

Lip purple 3. E. cochleatum.

Lip indistinctly 2-] obed, cream-colour blotched

with reddish-purple 4. E. spondiadum.

2. Without pseudobulbs.

a. Floral bracts inconspicuous, much shorter
than the flowers.
.Sterile bracts none, or a few similar to
floral bracts.
Flowers more than 1J inch 1., apparently
solitary.

Lateral lobes of lip semi-ovate 5. E. nocturnum.

Lateral lobes of lip linear 6. E. angastilobum.

Flowers less than f inch 1.

Flowers umbellate 7. E. difforme.

Flowers in a raceme or panicle.

Lip undivided 8. E. jamaicense.

Lip 3-lobed with terminal lobe
2-partite.
Lip longer than sepals, lateral lobes

oblong, apex of lobes eroded... 9. E. verrucosum.
Lip not longer than sepals, lateral
lobes rounded, apex of lobes

entire 10. E. patens.

Sterile bracts spathaceous.
Lateral lobes of lip entire.

Flowers in a panicle ; lateral lobes of

lip trapezoid-roundish 11. E. nutans.

Flowers in a crowded raceme, almost
like a head; lateral lobes of lip

roundish, almost obsolete 12. E. anceps.

Lateral lobes of lip fringed 13. E. rivulare.

G 2

84 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

b. Floral bracts largo, broad, concave, spathe-
like, enclosing the ovary or even the l lower.
Lip undivided.

Leaves small, not more than 4 inches 1.
Leaves oblong-elliptical, 2 inches 1. ;

spike longer than loaves ... 14. E. rigidum.

Leaves linear-ligulate or linear-lanceo-
late.
Spike with few flowers.
Leaves linear, 3-4 inches 1. Flowers

J inch 1 15. E. ramosum.

Leaves linear-lanceolate, f inch 1.

Flowers £ inch 1 1G. E. strobilifcrinn.

Flowers solitary 17. E. repens.

Leaves large ; 6-8 inches 1 18. E. imbricatum.

Lip 3-lobed 19. E. bifarium.

II. Column free, or only connate below the middle with the lip (connate
about half-way in E. teretifolium) .

1. Witb pseudobulb.

a. Lip undivided.

Flowers solitary 20. E. polybidbon.

Flowers racemose or paniculate.

Lip somewhat similar to sepals and petals 21. E. Ottonis.

Lip long-clawed, broadly ovate 22. E. subaqiiilum.

Lip very short-clawed, elliptical, acute,

ventricose-concave 23. E. bletioides.

b. Lip 3-lobed.
Lip quite free.

Lateral lobes rounded, median lobe

rounded and not larger 24. E. parvilobum.

Lateral lobes narrow, middle lobe differing
in form, and much larger.

Ovary rugose 25. E. monticolum.

Ovary smooth 26. E. belvederensc .

Lip attached to column about one-third of

its length 27. E. angusti folium.

2. Without pseudobulb.
Stem with one leaf.

Flower-stalk longer than leaf, with one

flower 28. E. brachyglossum.

Leaf serrulate, spike of flowers shorter than

leaf 29. E. serrulatum.

Stem with a few semi-terete fleshy leaves.
Stem short with a few minute flowers

clustered at apex 30. E. globosum.

Stem long with one flower at apex 31. E. teretifolium.

1. E. eiliare L. Syst. ed. 10, 1246 (1759); pseudobulbs
long, thicker above, of several joints, 2-leaved ; lip white, 3-lobed,
lateral lobes with long fringes, median lobe subulate-filiform ;
column connate with lip as far as apex. — J acq. Sel. Stirp. Amer.
224, t. 179, f. 89, Ed. pict. t. 209; Bot, Beg. t. 784; Lindl.
Fol. Orch. Epid. 29; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 615; Gogn. in Fl.
Bras. in. pt. 5, 70 ; Salisb. Ic. ined. vi. fol. 574. Helleborine
graminea &c. Plum. PL Amer. (Burm.) t. 179, /. 2, & Ic. ined. Hi.
t. 143.

EPIDEXDRUM 85

On trees ; in fl. July-Dec. ; Shepherd in Herb. Kew ! — Porto Rico,
S. Thomas, Tortola, St. Cruz, St. Martin, St. Bartholomew, Saba,
St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, Antigua, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique,
St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Bequia, Barbados, Grenada, Trinidad, Venezuela,
B. Guiana, French Guiana, Colombia, Brazil, Guatemala, Costa Rica,
Mexico, B. Honduras.

Plant 1J ft. high and more. Pseudobulbs 1-2 dm. 1. Leaves leathery,
oblong-ligulate to elliptical-oblong, obtuse, 1-2 dm. 1., 2-5-4-5 cm. br.
Baceme with few or many flowers above, as long as the leaves, sometimes
longer, clothed below with compressed keeled sterile bracts (2*5-5 cm. 1.).
Bracts, floral large, spreading, broadly lanceolate, acute, 2-5-5 cm. i.
Pedicels about 1 cm. 1. Flowers large, sweet-smelling, pale yellowish-
green with white lip. Sepals narrowly linear-lanceolate, long acuminate,
many-nerved, 4-5-5 cm. 1., 3-5 mm. br. Petals like the sepals but
slightly smaller, and somewhat falcate. Lip, lateral lobes 1-2 cm. 1.,
2-3 mm. br., median lobe 3-3*5 cm. 1. Column white, dilated above,
13-15 mm. 1. Capsule oblong-spindle-shaped, 4-5 cm. 1., 1*5-2 cm. br. ;
beak 2-2-5 cm. 1.

The sole authority for including this species rests on a specimen from
Shepherd "from Jamaica" in the Kew Herbarium. If truly native, it is
remarkable that so striking a plant should have escaped the notice of so
many collectors from Swartz onwards.

-. E. fragrans Sto. Prodr. 123 (1788) ; pseudobulb spindle-
shaped or ovoid-lanceolate, 1 -leaved ; lip creamy- white with
purple lines, on upper side of flower, undivided, ovate-roundish,
acuminate ; column connate with lip beyond the middle. — Siv.
Fl. Ind. Occ. 1487 & Ic. ined. t. 46 ; Andrews Bot. Rep. x. t. 645 ;
Bot. 3Icuj. t. 1669; Lindl. Fol. Orcli. Epid. 39; Griseb. op. cit.
615 ; Cogn. op. cit. 83 & in Symb. Ant. iv. 174 ; Salisb. Ic. ined. vi.
fol. 575.

On trees and rocks ; in fl. all the year ; Siuartz ! Bertero, Distin !
Lane ! Fairfield, Wullschlaegel, 1066 ! Moneague, Prior ! J.P. 11, Morris !
Ramble, Hanover ; Bath; Fawcettl Silver Hill, 4000 ft.; Dolphin Head,
1600 ft.; Harrisl near Radnor, -Miss B. Gossetl Fl. Jam. 7859, 10,441 —
Cuba, Florida, Hispaniola, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Grenada,
Trinidad, Venezuela, B. Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, Panama, Colombia,
Ecuador, Nicaragua, Guatemala.

Plant 12-18 in. high. Pseudobulb 6-13 cm. 1., with a few, rather large
scarious sheatbs, soon decaying. Leaves leathery, ligulate-oblong, obtuse,
2-3 "5 dm. 1., 2-4 cm. br. Baceme 6-10 cm. 1., with few or several flowers,
much shorter than the leaf ; spathe at base broadly ovate, compressed, about
4 cm. 1. (3-6). Bracts minute, triangular or triangular-lanceolate, acute
or shortly acuminate, 3-6 mm. 1. Flowers fragrant, shortly stalked,
perianth 1 in. or more 1. Sepcds lanceolate, long-acuminate, 5-7 nerved,
yellowish-white with greenish tint outside, 25-35 mm. 1., 3-5-5 mm. br.
Petcds oval-lanceolate, long acuminate, 7-nerved, yellowish-white, 22-
28 mm. 1., 7-10 mm. br. Lip 11-13-nerved, 16-18 mm. 1. (to junction
with column), 10-13 mm. br. Column greenish-white, short, 5-8 mm. 1.,
thicker above, at the apex three obtuse lobes with a long tooth on the
inner side of the median lobe ; anther indistinctly 2-lobed above. Capside
ellipsoidal, 2-5-3 cm. 1.

3. E. eoehleatum L. Sjp. PI. ed. 2, 1351 (1763), excl. syn.
Shane ; pseudobulb with one to three small joints at base and
apex, ovoid-lanceolate or cylindrical, with two or sometimes

86 i iRCHIDS OF JAMAICA

three Leaves j lip purple, whitish round column, with conspicuous

purple radi.it Lng \ ems, rarely \ ellow, on i he upper side of flower,
undivided, shell-shaped, cordate, broadly roundish, apiculate,
with two calli a1 base, column connate with lip bo about the
middle. Jacq. I<\ PI. l!<ir. Hi. t. 605 ; Andrews />'"/. Bep. t. 13 ;
"Bot. Mag. t. 572 ; Oriseb. op.cit. 616 ; 'V///. inSymb. Ant. ir. 175.
Viscum caryophylloides &c. Catesby Nat. Hist. Carol, ii. 88 t. 88.
Helleborine cochleato flore Plum. PI. Amer. (Barm.) \), f. 185, /. 2.

On trees and rocks; in fl. throughout year; Swartz\ Fairfield,
Wullschlaegel, 1064 bis! Newcastle Road, Priori St. Ann (lip yellow),
Steer\ J. P. 10, 2153, Morris\ Symel Green River, G. Nichols] Silver
Hill ; Chester Vale, 3000 ft. ; Vinegar Hill, 4000 ft. ; Harris ! near Radnor,
Miss B. Gosset ! Moneague, Mrs. Balston ! Fl. Jam. 7070, 8000, 10,401.
— Cuba, Bahamas, Florida, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, Costa Rica, Nicaragua,
B. Honduras, Guatemala, Mexico, Venezuela.

Plant 1-2 ft. high. Pscudobulb 9-10 cm. 1., with a few rather large
scarious sheaths, soon decaying. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute,
2-3 dm. 1., 2-3 5 cm. br. Baceme 2-5 dm. 1., with few or several flowers,
longer than the leaf; spathe at base 7-14 cm. 1. Bracts small, triangular-
lanceolate, acuminate, 5-12 mm. 1. Flowers stalked, perianth 1 in. and
more 1., lip about \ in. 1. Pedicels 1-2 cm. 1. Ovary 3-cornered, about

I cm. 1. Sepals linear-lanceolate from a broad base, acute or acuminate,
pale green or greenish-white with one or two purple spots at base,
pendulous, 2* 5-4* 2 cm. 1., 3-5 mm. br. Petals narrowly oblanceolate,
otherwise like sepals, but shorter and narrower. Lip 12-20 mm. 1.
Column purple below, white above, short, about 0 mm. 1., thicker above ;
clinandrium with three obtuse lobes. Capsule ellipsoidal, with three
broad wings, recurved, about 4 cm. 1.

4. E. spondiadum Heiclib. f. in Bot. Zeit. x. 731 (1852) ;
pseudobulb with one or two small joints at base, cylindrical,
sometimes slightly larger at base, wTith one leaf ; lip reddish-
purple with cream-coloured or yellowish -green margin, on the
upper side of flower, cordate, broadly ovate with obscure lateral
lobes, apex apiculate, two calli at base running up to a circular
callus on the lower part of the disk, and level with top of
column * column connate with lip to about the middle. — Hook.f.
in Bot. Mag. t. 7273. E. variegatum Hart in Gard. Chron. xxri.

II (1886) (non Hook.).

On trees and rocks; in fl. and fr. Nov.-Feb. ; Coldspring; Whitfield
Hall; J.P. 245; Morris ! Clydesdale, Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7800.— Costa Rica.

Plant 12-10 in. high. Pseudobulbs clustered along a creeping rhizome,
10-17 cm. 1., with two somewhat large scarious sheaths, soon decaying.
Leaves ligulate, obtuse, 2-3 dm.L, 3-3*5 cm. br. Raceme 8-11 cm. 1., with
a few or several flowers, much shorter than the leaf, spathe at base 3*5-
4 • 5 cm. 1. Bracts small, triangular, obtuse, 3-4 mm. 1. Floivcrs shortly
stalked, perianth more than ^ in. 1., lip about ^ in. br., but not so long.
Pedicels 4-0 mm. 1. Ovary 3-winged, about 1 cm. 1. Sepals somewhat
fleshy, oblong, with an acute apex, creamy-white or greenish-yellow tinted
with reddish-purple, 13-15 mm. 1., 3*5-4 mm. br. Petals 7-nerved, some-
what fleshy, oblanceolate, acute, creamy-white or greenish-yellow with a
reddish-purple blotch in the centre, 11-15 mm. 1., 4-4*5 mm. br. Lip
about 11 mm. 1. from junction with column. Column short, about 5 mm.

EPIDENDRUM 87

1. ; clinandrium with three lobes, lateral lobes obtuse, retuse or slightly
2-lobed, median lobe denticulate. Capsule ellipsoidal, with three broad
wings, recurved, 3 •5-4" 5 cm. 1.

5. E. noeturnum Jacq. Enum. PL Carib. 29 (1760) ; without
pseudobulbs ; bracts very much shorter than flowers ; flowers
solitary, perianth If in. 1. ; ovary about 5 cm. 1. ; lip deeply
3-lobed, lateral lobes semi-ovate, obtuse, entire, about 2 cm. 1.,
5-7 mm. br., the median lobe about 2*5 cm. 1., 1 mm. br.,
resembling petals ; column connate with lip nearly to apex. —
Jacq. Sel. Stirp. Amer. 225, t. 139, Ed. pict t. 210; Sw.
Obs. Bot. 327 ; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 105 & Fol, Orch. Epid.
81; Booh, in Bot. Mag. t. 3298; Griseb. op. tit. 619 ; Cogn. in
Fl. Bras. Hi. pt. 5, 134, t. 37 ; Ames Orch. S. Fla. 16, /. 7.
(PI. 15, f. 2.)

On trees, stones and rocky land ; in fl. Aug.-Nov., in fr. Sept.-Dec. ; Mac-
faclyen ! Moneague, Prior ! March ! J.P. 3, Morris ! Moody's Gap, J. P. 2005,
Syme ! St. Ann and Trelawney, Miss T. M. Barrett ! Cedar Valley, Moore !
Lancaster, 2500 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7565. — Cuba, Bahamas, Florida,
Porto Rico, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent,
Grenada, Trinidad, Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala, Mexico, Venezuela,
B. Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, Peru.

Plant 14-15 in. high. Rhizome short, with numerous stout roots.
Stems 10-40 cm. 1., 4-5 mm. br., several, erect, long, stout, covered with
the leaf-sheaths, the blades of which are fallen below, compressed and
leafy above. Leaves 7-12 cm. 1., generally from 2-3 cm. br., in two ranks,
leathery, linear-oblong to oblong, apex rounded or slightly emarginate, at
the base clasping and sheathing; sheaths slightly keeled. Bracts
3-7 mm. 1., broadly ovate, acute, at base clasping. Flowers greenish-
white or cream-coloured, sessile, five or six or more, iu a terminal panicle,
the rachis of which is scarcely developed, and generally remains enclosed
by the leaf-sheaths, only one or two flowers generally appearing at a time.
Ovary about 5 cm. 1., as long as, or longer than, perianth. Sepals 4-4-5
cm. 1., greenish-white or cream-coloured, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate,
many-nerved, lateral 5 mm. br., slightly oblique, median slightly narrower.
Petals as long as the sepals, 1-1-5 mm. br., whitish or cream-coloured,
linear, long-acuminate. Lip as long as, or a little shorter than, the
petals; disk with two long broad parallel lamellae. Column 15-18 mm. 1.,
much dilated above, clinandrium dentate. Capsule 6 cm. 1., about 1*5 cm.
br., oblong, spindle-shaped, much attenuated above and at the base.

6. E. angustilobum Fawc. & Bendle in Journ. Bot. xlvii. 124
(1909); without pseudobulbs; bracts very much shorter than
flowers ; flowers solitary, large, perianth 1| in. 1. ; ovary very
long, 12-5 cm. 1. ; lip deeply 3-lobed, lateral lobes linear,
acuminate, 7 mm. 1., barely 1 mm. br., the median lobes three
times as long, linear, long-acuminate, 2'2 cm. 1., 1 mm. br. ;
column auricled, connate above the middle with the lip, about
three-quarters of its length. (PI. 15, f. 1.)

In fl. Oct. ; Rose Hill, 4000 ft., Harrisl Fl. Jam. 10,4S5.
Plant over 2 ft. high. Stem high, erect, stout, terete at the base, bare
above the base, compressed above, covered with the sheaths of the leaves,

88 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

with two leaves at the apex, 5 dm. 1., 4 LOmm.hr. / ovalorelliptical-

ohlong, Leathery, obtuse, many-nerved, at the base clasping and Long*
Bheathing, blade about li cm. 1., I 5 om. in-., sheaths compressed,
Blightly keeled. Panicle, rachis scarcely protruded and covered by
Bheaths. Bracts sheathing at tin- base, ovate-oblong, acute or Bomewhat
acuminate, 7 8 mm. 1. Flotoer cream-coloured. Sepals narrowly oblan-
oeolate, acuminate, many-nerved, ■» ■ 2 1*8 cm. 1. Petals as Long aa the

sepal-, lincai', long-acuminate. Lip a littlo shorter than the sepals;
disk with two narrow parallel lamella1 at the base. Colin)!)! 2 cm. 1.,
above very dilated; olinandrium with three posterior ovate acuminate
lobes, and three anterior, the middle acuminate, and the lateral obtuse;
anther purplish.

7. E. difforme Jacq. Enum. PL Carib. 29 (1760); without
pseudobulbs ; bracts much shorter than flowers ; flowers
umbellate, perianth about }, in. 1. ; lip kidney-shaped, emarginate,
margin undulate, with two calli on disk at base; column connate
with lip to apex. — Jacq. Sel. Stirp. Amer. 223, t. 136, Ed. pict.
t. 206 ; Cogn. in Fl. Bras. in. pt. 5, 139. E. umbellatum Sio.
Prodr. 121 (1788) & Fl. Ind. Occ, 1501; Bot. Mag. t. 2030;
LindL Fol. Orch. Epld. 79 ; Grlseb. op. cit. 618. (PL 15, f. 3.)
Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trees; in fl. Aug.-April; mountains, Swartz\ Purdiel Nazareth,
Wullschlaegel, 1395 ! Prior ! Eggers ; J.P. 18, 1516, Morris ! lowlands,
J. P. 524, Syme ! Cedar Hurst, Faiccett ! Cinchona, Isaacs ! Harris ! Keith
Hill, 2200 ft., Thompson ! Clydesdale, 4000 ft. ; Lancaster 3000 ft. ;
Belvedere, Hanover, 500 ft. ; Silver Hill, 4000 ft. ; Harris ! Mahoganv
Vale Kidge, Miss B. Gossetl Fl. Jam. 7629, 7651, 7865, 9022, 10,455,
10,498. — Cuba, Florida, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts,
Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Grenada,
Trinidad, Guatemala, Mexico, Costa Rica, Venezuela, B. Guiana, Surinam,
Brazil.

Plant 2-10 in. high. Stems 4-20 cm. 1., few or several, clustered,
covered with leaf-sheaths. Leaves leathery, elliptical-oblong or ligulate,
obtuse, obliquely retuse, clasping at base, blade 2* 5-7* 5 cm. 1., 1-2-5 cm.
br. Bracts linear, 7-12 mm. 1. Flowers pale green or whitish. Pedicels
1-2-5 cm. 1. Ovary 1-2*5 cm. 1. ScjJals with seven incomplete nerves
prominent on inside, elliptical, median apex thickened, subacute,
15 mm. 1., about 5- 5 mm. br. ; lateral somewhat oblique, apex keeled at
back, keel forming an acute point, 15-16 mm. 1., 6 mm. br. Petals
3-nerved, linear-lanceolate, 14 mm. 1., 2-5mm.br. Lip with numerous
nerves, 13-14 mm. 1., about 18 mm. br. Column short, about 1 cm. 1. (to
apex of clinandrium), thicker above ; clinandriurn with denticulate margin.
Capsule ellipsoidal, shortly and thickly beaked, 2*5 cm. 1., 1*5 cm. br.

8. E. jamaieense Lindl. Fol. Orch. Epid. 82 (1853); without
pseudobulbs ; bracts shorter than flowers ; flowers in a raceme,
perianth § in. 1. ; lip undivided, roundish or broader than long,
undulate, subentire, inconspicuously mucronate, two calli on disk
at base ; column connate with lip to apex. — Griseb. op. cit. 618.

On trees ; in fl. Sept. ; Manchester, Dunrobin Castle, Purdie 1 Cedar
Hurst, Rose Hill, J.P. 481, Syme ! near Cedar Hurst, 2409, Morris ! near
Bath, Harris !

BPIDENDRUM 89

Plant to 1 ft. high. Stem 2-3 dm. 1., covered with leaf-sheaths, leafy
above. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, very acute, longer than the raceme,
blade 4-11 cm. L, 1-2 cm. br. Bracts triangular-lanceolate, acuminate,
keeled, 12-5 mm. 1. Pedicels 11-12 mm. 1. Ovary rather longer than
pedicel. Sepals oblanceolate, 12-16 mm. 1. Petals narrowly linear,
-lightly shorter than sepals. Lip, limb 8 mm. 1., 12 mm. br. Column
short, branching upwards, 9 mm. 1. ; clinandrium hooded, undivided.

9. E. verrueosum Sw. in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 68 (1790; ;
without pseudobulbs ; bracts much shorter than flowers ; flowers
in a diffuse panicle, sepals and petals J in. 1. ; lip much longer
than sepals, 3-lobed with median lobe 2-lobed, lateral lobes and
median lobes somewhat oblong with upper margins more or less
eroded, three calli on disk at base ; column connate with lip to
apex.— Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 1197 : IAndl. Fol. Orel. Epid. 92.
(PI. 15, f. 11.)

On trees, rocks and dry banks; in fl. Dec, -Jan.; Swartzl Wright !
Bancroft I Christiana, Purdiel Lane I March ! Fairfield, Wullschlaegel,
1089 ! Manchester, J.P., 2008, 2040, Syme ! Morris ! Blue Mts., J. P. 2048,
Morris ! Cinchona; Clydesdale; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7542, 7819. — Colombia.

Plant 1-4 ft. high. Stems 1-6 dm. 1., covered with leaf-sheaths.
Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, blade 8-14 cm. 1., 13-30
mm. br. ; sheaths covered with minute warts. Bracts triangular,
acuminate, 2*5-4 mm. 1. Flowers creamy- white or light yellow. Pedicels
about 1 cm. 1. Ovary about 1 cm. 1. Sepals with seven to nine nerves,
prominent on inside, elliptical, apex thickened, obtuse, 9 mm. 1.,

4 mm. br., lateral rather narrower and slightly oblique. Petals with
three to five branching nerves, linear-oblanceolate, 9 mm. 1., 2-25 mm. br.
Lipvath. numerous fine nerves, about 12 mm. 1. Column short, about

5 mm. 1. (to apes of clinandrium) ; clinandrium with four broad truncate
lobes ; anther slightly 2-lobed above. Capsule spindle-shaped, beaked,
2-5 cm. 1.

10. E. patens Sw. in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 68 (1799); w-ithout
pseudobulbs ; bracts much shorter than flowers ; flowers in a
panicle ; perianth nearly h in. 1. : lip as long as median sepal,
3-lobed with median 1< >be 2-lobed, lateral lobes roundish, median
lobes oblong, margins of lobes entire, three calli at base of median
lobe : column connate with lip to apex. — Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 149") :
non Lindl. in Paxt. Flow. Gard. ii. Glean. 119, /. 198, nee Fol.
Orck. Epid. 75; Griseb. op. cit. 617 (in part).

Stems 20-30 cm. 1. Leaves, blade 5-10 cm. 1., oblong or oblong-lanceo-
late ; sheaths smooth. Bracts linear-lanceolate. Flowers pale yellow,
shortly stalked. Sepals oblanceolate-oblong, acute, median 1-1 -1 cm. 1.,
lateral "9-1 cm. 1. Petals oblanceolate to elliptical, 1 cm. 1. Lip
1-1*1 cm. 1. Column stout, concave in front, widening upwards, with a
dorsal keel ; clinandrium 3-lobed, median lobe broad, truncate, crenulate.

We have not seen any specimen from Jamaica, but a specimen in Herb.
Mus. Brit, labelled in Solander's hand " Epidendrum patens fl. ind. occid.,
Barthol." agrees with Swartz's description. Swartz assigns the species to
Jamaica and the Carribean Islands and cites Fahlberg as the collector.
Samuel Fahlberg, a Swede, visited St. Bartholomew in 1785. The specimens
referred by Lindley to this species, belong to the section Amphiglottum,
characterised by a closely sheathed peduncle, and have flowers 1£ in. across.

90 ORCHIDS OF JAM 111 A

11. E. nutans Sir. Pr<><1. 12] (1788); withoul pseudobulbs ;
floral bracts much shorter than the flowers ; panicle sheathed at
base by two large spathaceous brad-;: lip cordate, 3-lobed,
median lobe 2-lobed, lateral lobes subrotund or subrhomboid, disk
with three lamellae, the Lateral forming at the base two auriculate
calli ; column connate with lip to apex. — Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 1499 ;
Bot. Beg. t. 17; Hook. Exot. Fl. i. t. 50; Lindl. AW. Orch.
Epid. 56; Grisrh. <>/>. cit. 616. (PI. 15, f. 5.) Type in Herb.
Mus. Brit.

On rocks and trees ; in tl. Aug. -Feb. ; Swartz I Springfield, Wull-
schlaegel, 1000! Moneague, Priori Maefaydenl JenmanX J. P. 2007, Syme\
•II'. 527, Moiris [ Cedar Hurst, Fawcettl Trelawney, Miss T. M. Barn// !
Walderston, Mrs. Longstafil Mt. Moses; Woodcutters' Gap, 4000 ft.;
Chester Vale, 3000 ft. ; Wallenford, 2000 ft. ; Hoilymonnt, near Ewarton,
2500 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7624, 7864, 8907.— Trinidad, Venezuela, Brazil.

Plant 1^-2 ft. high. Stem 4-5 dm. 1., 7-10 mm. br., erect, stout,
covered with leaf sheaths, leafy above. Leaves leathery, oblong to oblong-
lanceolate, acute to subobtuse, clasping and sheathing, blade 12-20 cm.
l.,3-5 5 cm. br. Panicle terminal, large, longer than the leaves, lax, many
flowered, subnutant ; spathaceous bracts much smaller than the leaves and
pulsing above into the floral bracts, lower floral bracts linear, decreasing
upwards, the uppermost 3-4 mm. 1., triangular, acuminate, very much
shorter than the pedicels. Flowers between J and f in. 1., greenish, or
whitish-green, pedicels long ; ovary and pedicel together 2-3 cm. 1. Sepals
1*5-1*8 cm. 1., 3-5 mm. br., oblanceolate, distinctly 5-nerved, median
obtuse, lateral acute, rather broader and longer. Petals a little shorter
than the sepals, 3-nerved, subspathulate-linear, obtuse. Lip as long as or
longer than the sepals. Column 1*2-1"3 cm. 1., erect, thick, club-shaped;
clinandrium with a tooth on each side anteriorly.

Var. tridentatum var. nov. ; E. tridentatum Fawc. in Journ.
Bot. axxiii. 12 (1895) ; leaves narrower and more acute, sterile
bract small or none, middle lobe of lip with three triangular
lobules.

In fl. April, Blue Mts., Harris I

Var. obtusifolium var. nov. ; stems reaching to 4J ft. in
length ; leaves oblong to oblong-elliptical, obtuse, broader than
in type ; flowers smaller, generally dark-purple lip and column
and the same colour on back of sepals ; sepals broader than in
type, 1 ' 3 cm. 1. or less, 5-6 mm. br. ; petals same length, barely
2 mm. br. ; lip as long as the sepals, and as broad as long.

On rocks in woodlands, in fl. Oct. -Dec, Mandeville, Lady Blake I
Near Browns Town, Miss T. M. Barrett ! near Chapelton, Craig ! Trov,
2000 ft., Harris ! PI. Jam. 10,420; Walderston, Mrs. Longstaffl

12. E. aneeps Jacq. Sel. Stirp. Amer. 224, t. 138 (1763),
Ed. piet. t. 208 ; without pseudobulbs ; sheaths on long
flower- stalk below, flowers crowded above almost into a
head ; floral bracts much shorter than the flowers ; lip broadly
kidney-shaped-cordate, 2-lobed at apex ; column connate with
lip nearly to apex. — -E. fuscatum Smith Spicil. 21, t. 23 (1791) ;

EPIDENDRUM 91

Bot. Mag. t. 2844 ; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Epid. 65 ; Griseb. op. cit. 617 ;
Salisb. Ic. ined. vi. fol. 574. (PI. 15, f. 10.)

On trees and rocks; in fl. March-Nov. ; Bancroft \ Moneagne,
Priori Marchl J.P. 19, 2401, Morris I Syme\ Trelawney, Griffith ! Bath,
G. Nichols ! Iron fliver, 1500 ft. ; Cascade, 3000 ft. ; Holly Mount,
Mt. Diabolo, 2800 ft.; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 9021, 10,428.— Cuba, Florida,
Hispaniola, Porto Rico, St. Martin, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, Antigua,
Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Barbados,
Grenada, Trinidad, Mexico, Honduras, Nicaragua, Colombia, Venezuela,
B. Guiana, Surinam, Brazil.

Plant 1^ to 3 ft. bigb. Stem to 8 dm. 1., compressed. Leaves oblong-
elliptical or sometimes oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, sometimes subacute,
sessile, sbeatbing at base; limb 7-17 cm. 1., 2*5-4-5 cm. br. Peduncle
2-5 dm. 1. ; sheaths compressed, keeled, oblong-triangular above, imbri-
cating, 2-6 cm. 1.; raceme short, dense, sometimes branching, 1*5 some-
times to 7 cm. I. Bracts lanceolate, acuminate, 3-6 mm. 1. Flowers
fleshy, light-brown, greenish-brown, or tawny yellow. Ovary slender, with
pedicel about 1 cm. 1. Sepals obovate-elliptical, somewhat acute, light
brown, lateral slightly broader, 6-8 mm. 1., 3-4 mm. br. ; when dry, with
3-5 prominent nerves. Petals spathulate-linear, light brown, 1-nerved
when dry, 5 "5-6 '5 mm. 1., 1-15 mm. br. Lip greenish-brown, with
numerous veins when dry; limb 5-6*5 mm. 1., 6-9 mm. br. Column
4 mm. 1., greenish brown.

13. E. rivulare Lindl. Ann. d Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, i. 330
(1858) ; without pseudobulbs ; stems long, slender ; leaves linear-
lanceolate ; base of peduncle clothed with closely-sheathing, sub-
foliaceous sterile bracts ; flowers few above, long-stalked, lax,
somewhat corymbose ; floral bracts much shorter than the
flowers ; lip 3-lobecl, lateral lobes large, fringed ; median lobe
linear, 3-toothed at dilated apex ; disk with two calli at base ;
column connate with lip to apex. — Griseb. op. cit. 616. (PI. 15,
f. 7.)

On trees; in fl. Aug.-March ; Dolphin Head, Purdiel Green River,
J.P. 485, Morris ! near Browns Town, Miss T. M. Barrett ! Christiana,
TomlinsonX St. Ann, Stewart \ between Cinchona and Old England;
Holly Mount, Mt. Diabolo; Harrisl Fl. Jam. 10,421, 10,429, 10,449.—
Cuba, Hispaniola.

Plant 1^-2 ft. and over. Stem to 6 dm. and over, covered by the
leaf-sheat.bs. Leaves 6-12 cm. 1., 8-11 mm. br. Peduncle 7-12 cm. 1.,
sterile bracts in two rows, compressed, tapering upwards, keeled above,
imbricating, to 5 cm. 1. Raceme short, rarely branching, 2-3 cm. 1.
Bracts lanceolate, acute, 10-4 mm. 1. Flowers yellowish-green speckled
with red, lip white or light yellow, column tipped with red, perianth
nearly § in. 1. Ovary slender, 12-13 mm. 1. Pedicel about 15 mm. 1.
Sepals with 7-nerves prominent on outside, oblong-lanceolate, acute,
1*6-1 '6 cm. 1., 3*5 mm. br. Petals 1-nerved, linear, as long as sepals.
Lip about 1 cm. 1. above attachment to column. Column thicker above,
7-8 mm. 1. ; clinandriurn with two shallow lobes at each side. Capsule
ellipsoidal, tapering to base, and forming a beak at apex, about 3 cm. 1.,
1 cm. br.

14. E. rigidum Jacq. Enum. PI. Oarib. 29 (1760); without
pseudobulbs ; stems erect from a creeping rhizome, compressed ;

92 01! s of JAMAICA

Leaves leathery, ligulate-oblong or oblong-elliptical, obtuse, bracts
ample, broadly triangular, obtuse, keeled, keel decurrent, clasp-
ing, as long as ovary and enclosing it ; lip on the upper side of
the flower, leathery, a little longer than the sepals, undivided,
roundish-pvate, cordate, apex obtuse, disk with two calli at base;
column connate with lip to apex.' — Jacq. Sel. Stirp. Amer. 222,
/. 134, Ed. pict. t. 204 ; Sw. Prodr. 121 & Fl. Ind Ore. 1507;
Rook. Ic. PI. t. 314 ; Lindl. Fol. Ore/,. Epid. 7<; ; Griseb. op. cit.
618 : Cogn. in Fl. Bras, iii.pt. 5, 171.

On trees; in fl. Aug.-Nov., in fr. Nov.-Jan. ; Macfadyen ! St. Thomas
in Vale, Purdie\ New Oarmel, Wullschlaegel, 1086! March] St. Mary,
J.P. 2013, Syme ! Morris ! Trelawney, Miss T. M. Barrett ! Ramble, St.
Ann, Fawcett & Harris I Belvedere, Hanover; near Cinchona; Harris \
Fl. Jam. 7246, 762;), 7751.— Cuba, Florida, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, Guade-
loupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Grenada, Tobago,
Trinidad, Costa Rica, B. Honduras, Mexico, Venezuela, B. Guiana, French
Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia.

Plant 4-10 in. high. Stems somewhat stout, simple, covered by the
leaf-sheaths, 5-14 cm. 1. Leaves, blade 2-6*5 cm. 1., 1*2-2 cm. br. ; sheaths
1-2 cm. 1. Spike 3-11 cm. 1., longer than the leaves, simple, very com-
pressed, with two winged edges. Bracts 10-15 mm. 1. Flowers few or
several, green, perianth about \ in. 1. Sepals 6-7-nerved, leathery, oval,
apex with thickened margin, somewhat acute, 6 mm. 1., 3 mm. br., lateral
slightly oblique. Petals 3-nerved, linear, obtuse, as long as the sepals,
1 mm. br. Column short, thick, 3 mm. 1. ; clinandrium denticulate on
margin. Cay side ellipsoidal, with a short and thick beak, 16-20 mm. 1.,
8-9 mm. br.

15. E. ramosum Jacq. Enum. PL Carib. 29 (1760) ; without
pseudobulbs ; spike with few flowers ; bracts ample, elliptical-
ovate, obtuse, sometimes acute, slightly keeled at apex, hooded, as
long as, or scarcely longer than the ovary and enclosing it ; leaves
leathery, linear-ligulate, apex obliquely emarginate ; lip on the
lower side of the flower, slightly shorter than the sepals, leathery,
with numerous nerves, undivided, ovate, cordate, acute, with two
calli at base of disk which unite above and form a rib running
to apex ; column connate with lip nearly to apex. — Jacq. Sel.
Stirp. Amer. 221, t. 132, Ed, pict. t. 202; Sw. Prodr. 120 & Fl.
Ind. Occ. 1505; Lindl. Fol. Orcli. Epid, 76 ; Griseb. op. cit. 618 ;
Cogn. in. Fl. Bras. Hi. pt. 5, 172. (PI. 15, f. 12.)

On trees and rocks ; in fl. Nov.-March ; mountains, Swartz ! Bancroft !
Macfadyen ! St. Ann, McNab ! Portland Gap, Purclie ! Bethabara, Wull-
schlaegel, 1054 ! March ! mountains, J.P. 28 ; lowlands, 400-800 ft. J.P.
2012, Morris \ Mt. Moses, 2500 ft. J.P. 526, Syme ! Cinchona, Clutel
Newcastle, Hartl Belle Vue, Port Royal Mts., Miss B. Gossetl Cinchona,
5000 ft. ; Moody's Gap, 3000 ft. ; Clydesdale, 4500 ft. ; above Mabess
River, 3500 ft. ; Newhaven Gap to Vinegar Hill, 4000 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam.
7535, 7799, 7881, 9897, 10,089.— Cuba, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, Guadeloupe,
Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Grenada, Trinidad, Mexico,
Guatemala, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, B. Guiana, Surinam,
French Guiana, Brazil.

Plant 1-3 ft. long. Stems to 1 m. 1., much branched. Leaves sheath-

EPIDENDRUM 93

ing at the base, 2-9 cm. 1., 3-13 mm. br. Spike terminal on the branches,
shorter than the leaves, or as long, laxly few- or several-flowered, 2-3 cm. 1.
Bracts becoming scarious and white, 9-11 mm. 1. Ovary with a cavity
above, within its walls, below the lip. Flowers greenish, perianth about
\ in. 1. Sepals 5-9-nerved, lateral ovate-oblong, slightly oblique at base,
keeled outside near apex, point of keel 3-denticulate, acute, 8 mm. 1.,
2 '75 mm. br. ; median oblong, slightly keeled outside at apex, keel ending
in a small tooth, 8 mm. 1., 2-25 mm.br. Petals 5-nerved, linear, some-
what acute or obtuse, shorter than the sepals, 7-8 mm. 1., 1 mm. br. Lip
3*5 mm. br. Column 2-2- 5 mm. 1., short, thick, thicker upwards;
clinandrium, lateral lobes very broadly ovate, median lobe very short,
2-denticulate. Capsule ellipsoidal-ovoid, with a short, thick beak, 10-12
mm. 1., 6-8 mm. br.

16. E. strobiliferum Beicltb. f. in Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. iv.
333 (1859) ; without pseudobulbs ; spike with few flowers ; bracts
ample, somewhat leathery, scarious, strongly nerved, plicate-
hooded, broadly ovate, obtuse, keeled, clasping, nearly as long as
the flowers, somewhat densely imbricate in two ranks ; leaves in
two ranks, fleshy-leathery, small, shortly ligulate-oblong or linear-
lanceolate, at the apex obtuse, or subtruncate or sometimes
obliquely emarginate, at the base half-clasping and shortly
sheathing ; lip on the upper side of the flower, leathery, about as
long as the sepals, undivided, broadly ovate-cordate, acute, sub-
acuminate, disc with several, somewhat prominent nerves ; column
connate with lip nearly to apex. — Griseb. op. cit. 618 ; Cogn. op.
cit, 174, t. 25, f. 2 ; Ames Orch. i. 37, t. 10.

On trees ; in fl. towards end of year, in fr. Jan. ; Swartz ! Masson !
New Carmel, Wullschlaegel, 1085 ! Wag Water and Ginger Rivers, J.P.
2014 (in part), Syme ! Belvedere, Hanover; Ramble, St. Ann; Fawcettl
Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7245a, 7519, 7543.— Florida, Cuba, St. Gruz, Saba,
Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Grenada, Trinidad, Venezuela, B.
Guiana, French Guiana, Dutch Guiana, Brazil.

Plant 1-6 in. high. Stems clustered, branching, generally leafy to the
base, 3-15 cm. 1. Leaves, blade 1*5-2 cm. 1., 4-6 mm. br. ; sheaths
5-9 mm. 1. Spike very short, 5-8 mm. 1., shorter than the leaves, with
3-6 flowers. Bracts 5-6 mm. 1. Ovary with a cavity below the lip.
Flowers, perianth about \ in. 1. Sepals with seven or eight prominent
nerves, lateral oblong-lanceolate, acute, about 4 mm. 1., 1*75 mm. br. ;
median oblong, tapering slightly to a somewhat blunt point, as long as
the lateral, 1*25 mm. br. Petals with three to five prominent nerves,
linear, a little shorter than the sepals, '5 mm. br. Column 1-5 mm. 1.,
short, thick, thicker about the middle ; clinandrium with two teeth on
each side, one long and one short, and two short teeth behind. Capsule
ellipsoidal, with short thick beak, 8-9 mm. 1., 5-6 mm. br.

17. E. repens Cogn. in Fedde Bepert. vii. 122 (1909) ; without
pseudobulbs ; bracts two or three, with a solitary flower, ample,
triangular-ovate to roundish, obtuse, slightly keeled, overlapping,
clasping, as long as or longer than ovary and enclosing it ;
leaves somewhat rigid, small, narrowly ligulate-oblong, apex
rounded and obliquely and slightly emarginate, at the base
roundish-subcordate and shortly sheathing ; lip erect on the

9 \ ORCHIDS OF JAMAH \

upper Bide of the flower, slightly shorter than the sepals, leathery,
with numerous nerves prominent on the outside and sometimes
slightly on the inside, undivided, ovate, cordate, acute; column
connate wit li lip uearly to apex.

On trees and rooks; in il. Dec. Feb.; Macfadyen] Newcastle, J.P. 1^014
(in part), Morris I oear Woodcutters' Gap ; Dear Newcastle, 1000 ft.; ridge
from Newhaven Gap to Vinegar Bill, 4000 ft.; Harris] Morse's Gap,
(/. Nichols] PI. .lam. 7561, 1.0,086. Bispaniola.

mt 1-1^ ft. long or longer. Stems long, creeping, slender, much and
irregularly branched, with many leaves even to the base, "> 1 dm. 1. or
longer. Leaves, blade 1*5-2 cm. 1., 4-6 mm. br.; sheaths 6 8 mm. 1.
Bracts 5- 6 mm. 1. Ovary with a cavity above, within its walls, below the
lip. Flowers terminal at the apex of branches, solitary ; perianth scarcely
^ in. 1. Sepals leathery, with seven to nine prominent nerves, ligulate-
lanceolate, shortly acuminate, 7-8 mm. 1., 2 mm. br., median sepal slightly
longer. Petals 3-5-nerved, narrowly linear, very acute, a little shorter
than lateral sepals, about *7 mm. br. Column 2*5 mm. 1., very short,
thick, thicker upwards ; clinandrium 3-lobed, lateral lobes triangular,
acute, longer than median. Capsule erect, ovoid-subglobose, with short
beak, 11-12 mm. 1., 7-8 mm. br.

18. E. imbrieatum Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 110 (1831);
without pseudobulbs ; bracts ample, spathe-like, leathery, broadly
ovate, obtuse, concealing the flower in bud, keeled above ; leaves
large, leathery, ligulate-oblong, obtuse ; lip undivided, leathery,
ovate, obtuse, obsoletely apiculate, cordate, strongly 1 -ribbed ;
column connate with lip to apex. — Lindl. Fol. Orch. Fpid. 78 ;
Cogn. in Fl. Bras. Hi. pt. 5, 170, t. 14, /. 2. (PI. 15, f. 9.)

On trees ; in fl. and fr. Nov.-April ; Macfadyen ! below Morse's Gap,
J.P. 244, Morris ! near Mabess River, 4000 ft ; near Vinegar Hill, Portland,
3500 ft.; Catherine Peak, 5000 ft.; Thomson's Gap; Harrisl Fl. Jam.
6540, 7577, 7807, 7867, 9092.— Brazil, Costa Rica.

Plant 15 in. high and more. Stem 40 cm. 1. and more, long, stout,
branching, covered even to the apex with truncate, adpressed, sheathing
bases, from which in the lower part the blades have dropped, succeeded
near the base by simple sheaths. Leaves, blade 9-18 cm. 1., 1-2 cm. br.
Spikes several-flowered, much shorter than the leaves. Bracts 2*1-2*5
cm. 1. Flowers white, sessile, about ^ in. 1. Sepals 12-14 mm. 1.,
3' 5 mm. br., leathery, equal, narrowly oblong, subacute to acute, keeled
above. Petals 11-13 mm. 1., 2-2*5 mm. br., a little shorter and much
narrower than the sepals, linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, acute. Lip a
little shorter than the petals, 8-10 mm. 1., 6 mm. br. Column 4-5 mm. 1.,
short, thick; clinandrium obtusely auricled. Capsule 2*5 cm. L, 12 mm.
br., ovoid, constricted at apex, slightly 6-ribbed.

19. E. bifarium Sw. in Nov. Act. TJpsal. vi. 68 (1799);
without pseudobulbs ; spike long, 2-edged, many-flowered ; bracts
ample, spathe-like, compressed, keeled, triangular, sheathing,
acute, about as long as the ovary ; flowers pale greenish shaded
with reddish-brown ; petals setaceous, white ; lip 3-lobed ; column
connate with lip nearly to apex. — Sw. Fl. Lid. Occ. 1509 &, Ic.
ined. t. 42; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Fpid. 78; Griseb. op. cit. 618.

EPIDENDRUM 95

E. anceps Sw. Prodr. 121 (1788) (non Jacq.). (PI. 15, f. 6.) Type
in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trees ; in fl. Nov.-April ; mountains, Swartz ! Macfadyen ! March !
J.P. 150, Morris ! Clydesdale, 4000 ft. ; Cedar Hurst, 2000 ft. ; Wallenford,
3000 ft. ; ridge below Vinegar Hill, 3800 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7558, 7753,
9024, 10,095a.

Plant 6-13 in. high. Stem 5-15 cm. 1., leafy, covered with leaf-sheaths,
sometimes decayed below, branching below, throwing out very long slender
roots. Leaves fleshy, linear-lanceolate, cordate, clasping, somewhat falcate,
3-6 cm. 1., 4-8 mm. br. Spikes much longer than the leaves, 10-25 cm. 1.
Bracts 5-10 mm. 1. Flowers, perianth about ^ in. 1. Sepals 3-nerved,
oblong-elliptical, tapering to the keeled apex, lateral slightly falcate,
6-7 mm. 1., 3 mm. br. ; median as long, but a little narrower. Petals
5 mm. 1. Lip 5-6 mm. br., greenish-yellow, lobes somewhat equal, broader
than long, lateral somewhat roundish, with undulate margin, median
2-lobed, apiculate ; disk with two calli at base. Column short, thick,
laterally compressed, thicker upwards, 3-4 mm. 1. ; clinandrium, margin
undulate. Capsule spindle-shaped, long-tapering at base and apex.

20. E. polybulbon Sw. Prodr. 124 (1788) ; growing in masses
with long creeping rhizome bearing many pseudobulbs each with
two leaves and one white or pale yellow flower ; lip undivided ;
column free. — Sw. FL Lid. Occ. 1491; Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 112;
Bot. Mag. t. 4067. Dineina polybulbon Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orcli.
Ill (1831). Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trees and rocks ; in fl. Oct -Feb. ; mountains, Swartz ! Macfadyen !
Manchester. Purdiel Bethabara, Wullschlaegel, 1083! March I Mt. Moses,
3000 ft. J.P. 2060, Syme ! Bath, Fawcett ! Silver HiU, 4000 ft. ; Lancaster,
2500 ft. ; Holly Mount, Mt. Diabolo, 2400 ft. ; above Mabess River, 3000 ft. ;
below Vinegar Hill, 3800 ft. ; near Christiana, 3000 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam.
7538, 7838, 8870, 9796, 10,098, 10,400, 10,401 ; near BeUe Vue, Port Royal
Mts., Miss B. Gosset ! — Cuba, Mexico, Guatemala.

Plant 2 or 3 in. high. Rhizome jointed, covered with remains of decayed
sheatbs. Pseudobulb ellipsoidal to cylindrical, with a short joint at apex,
rising directly from the rhizome or on branches of it, 1-5-2-5 cm. 1.,
covered at first with two scarious sheaths which soon decay. Leaves
linear-oblong to oblong-elliptical, obtuse, obliquely emarginate, with
numerous nerves, half-clasping at base, 2-5 cm. 1., 7-14 mm. br. Ovary
cylindrical, with stalk about 3 cm. 1. ; stalk with 3 bracts. Bracts sheathing
below, shortly acuminate, about 1 cm. 1. Flowers, perianth a little more
than J in. 1. Sepals 5-nerved, lanceolate-linear, very acute, spreading,
15-17 mm. 1., 2*5 mm. br. Petals like the sepals but narrower. Lip white,
subroundish-cordate, clawed, as long as the sepals, 10-11 mm. br. Column
short, 2-angled and with two projecting teeth in front, and two long,
subulate, erect teeth, one on each side, 4-5 mm. 1. Capsule cylindrical,
narrow.

21. E. Ottonis Beicltb.f. in Hamburg. Gartenz. xiv. 213 (1858) ;
pseudobulbs with one long narrow leaf and flowering stalk nearly
as long as leaf ; flowers cream-coloured ; lip undivided, somewhat
similar to sepals and petals ; column quite free. — Griseb. op. cit.
613 ; Cogn. in Symb. Ant. iv. 173. (PI. 15, f. 8.)

On trees; in fl. and fr. Jan.; Belvedere, Hanover, 500 ft., Harris !
Fl. Jam. 7540, 7678.— Cuba, Porto Rico, Trinidad, Venezuela.

«.m; t»Ki inns ok Jamaica

Plant 6 8 in. high. Pseudobulbs on short tnany-jointed olustered
branches of a creeping rhizome, covered with three or four Bcarious sin 'ail is,
of which one is Longer than pseudobulb, ellipsoidal, 2-2*5 cm. 1. Leaves
Linear-lignlate, obtuse, muoronate, 9 L5 cm. L, 6 9 mm. br. Pedum*
many-jointed, covered with bracts, 7-10 cm. 1. Bracts, sterile and floral
similar, folded together and compressed, linear-lanceolate, acumins
L2 L5 mm. 1. Ovary smooth, 8-K) mm. 1. Pedicel 2 mm. I. Flowers,
perianth about \ in. 1. Sepals 5-nerved, lanceolate, shortly acumins
8 9 mm. L, 2-8 mm. br., lateral slightly falcate. Petals oblanceolate, acute,
8-nerved, 0-6*5 nun. 1., 2-2*5 mm. br. Lip, margin undulate, nearly as
long as petals, 5*5-6 mm. 1., 2 mm. br. Column 1 mm. 1., thicker upwards,
Blightly winged at the sides ; clinandrium 5-toothed ; anthers 8, the lateral
anthers apparently somewhat aborted, obtuse at apex and sides. Capsule
narrowly ellipsoidal, with three shallow keels, very shortly beaked,
14-15 mm. 1., 5 mm. br.

22. E. subaquilum Lindl. in Bot, Beg. xxxii. sub. t. 64 (1846) ;
pseudobulbs with one leaf and panicle longer than, or about equal
to, leaf ; lip undivided, broadly ovate above claw ; column almost
free. — Lindl. Fol. Orch. Epid. 5. E. Harrisii Fawc. in Symh.
Ant, i. 291 (1899).

On trees; in fl. Jan., Feb., in fr. March; near Bath, J. P. 4, Morris !
Bridge Hill, above Gordon Town, 1500 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 5583, 7645,
7858, 10,422.— Mexico or Guatemala.

Plant 8-12 in. high. Pseudobulbs densely clustered, with three or four
scarious sheaths, soon splitting into ribbons, of which two are longer than
the pseudobulb, ovoid, 2-2*5 cm. 1., about 1 cm. br. Leaves linear-
ligulate, obtuse, obliquely emarginate, 8-19 cm. 1., 3*5-6 mm. br. Scape
slender, paniculate, 16-27 cm. 1. Bracts sterile, small, few, distant,
sheathing, adpressed, triangular, acute or obtuse, 4-6 mm. 1. ; floral
smaller, spreading, subulate. Ovary about as long as the pedicel, about
4 mm. 1. Flowers greenish-yellow striped with reddish-brown, perianth
i-i- in. 1. Sepals 3-nerved, linear-lanceolate, somewhat acute, 8-9 mm. 1.,
2 ram. br., median slightly narrower. Petals 1-nerved, linear, 7-8 mm. 1.,
less than 1 mm. br. Lip embracing the column, disk with three calli, as
long as the sepals. Column 4-5 mm. 1., slightly thicker above, 2-edged ;
clinandrium with two short rounded lobes. Capsule ellipsoidal, 10-11
mm. 1., 5-6 mm. br.

23. E. bletioides Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 615 (1864); pseudo-
bulbs with two (?) leaves and a scape longer than leaf ; lip
undivided, cod cave, elliptical, pointed, with two linear crests
below the middle, claw very short ; column free.

Hanover, Purdie ! near Browns Town, Miss T. M. Barrett (in Herb.

Kew.) !

Plant 1-li ft. high. Pseudobidbs ovate-lanceolate, 3*5 cm. 1. Leaves
fleshy, oblong, apex rounded, 12-15 cm. 1., about 2*5 cm. br. Scape with
flowers distant in a spreading panicle, or racemose. Bracts, sterile
distant, short, adpressed-sheathing, blunt, about 1 cm. 1. ; floral short,
broadly clasping, acute, much shorter than the pedicel, 3 mm. 1. or less.
Flowers, perianth ^ in. 1. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute, 12-13 mm. 1.
Petals oblong to slightly oblanceolate, acute, as long as sepals. Column
obovate, sharply 3-dentate at the broad summit, 7 mm. 1. Capsule
(immature) spindle-shaped, keeled, 2*5 cm. 1.

EPIDENDPOJM 97

24. E. parvilobum Fawc. & Mendle in Journ. Bot. xlvii. 123
(1909) ; pseudobulbs with one leaf and panicle much longer than
leaf ; lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes obovate, somewhat roundish, middle
lobe small, semicircular, minutely apiculate, disk with three thick
raised lines and near the base a large callus ; column quite free.
—(PI. 16, f. 5-7.)

On trees ; in fl. May ; Dolphin Head, 1600 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 10,439.

Plant 2 ft. high. Pseudobulbs 3-5 cm. 1., lanceolate-ovate, covered by
two scarious sheaths. Leaf linear-ligulate, obtuse, conduplicate at base,
with many prominent nerves, 22 cm. 1., 1*5-2 cm. br. Panicle laxly few-
flowered. Bracts, sterile sheathing, small, obtuse, 5-10 mm. 1. ; floral
deltoid, half-clasping, shortly acute, 1*5-2 mm. 1. Pedicels 7 mm. 1.
Sepals 5-nerved, oval, obtuse; median 10 mm. 1., 4 mm. br. ; lateral
8 mm. 1., 4 mm. br. Petals reticulate-3-nerved, oblanceolate-oblong,
8 mm. 1., 2*5 mm. br. Lip 8 mm. 1., 10 mm. br. Column small, 3 mm. 1.,
wider at apex, winged ; clinandrium with minute teeth.

25. E. montieolum Faivc. & Mendle op. cit. 124 ; pseudobulbs
with one leaf or sometimes two, and scape as long as, or
shorter than, the leaf ; ovary rugose ; lip shortly and broadly
clawed, deeply 3-lobed, lateral lobes oblong, somewhat obtuse,
median lobe much larger, roundish-rhomboidal, broadly clawed,
somewhat apiculate at the apex, margin slightly curled below,
veins raised, branching, diverging, disk with two thick calli ;
column quite free. (PI. 16, f. 1-4.)

In fl. Feb. ; Holly Mount, Mt. Diabolo, Harris ! Fl. Jam. 10,467.

Plant 7-9 in. high. Pseudobulbs 1*5-2 cm. 1., ovoid, covered by
scarious sheaths. Leaves linear-ligulate, obtuse, conduplicate at the base,
with many nerves scarcely prominent, 12-22 cm. 1., 7-10 mm. br. Scape
laxly few-flowered, rugulose. Bracts, sterile sheathing, small, somewhat
acute, 8 mm. 1. ; floral half-clasping, somewhat acute, 2-3 mm. 1. Ovary
and pedicel covered with minute warts, 1*5-1*7 cm. 1. (apparently fertilised).
Pedicels 1 cm. 1. Sepals reticulate-6-7-nerved, lanceolate-oblong, some-
what acute, somewhat thick, dark green, 1 cm. 1., 3 mm. br. Petals
reticulate-3-4-nerved, oblanceolate-oval, obtuse, green, 9 mm. 1., 3 mm.
br. Lip brownish-yellow, 9 mm. 1. ; median lobe, 6 mm. 1., 5-6 mm. br. ;
veins raised. Column 5 mm. 1., stout, winged, at the apex auriculate.

26. E. belvederense Fawc. & Bendle op. cit. 123; pseudobulbs
with two leaves and panicle much longer than leaf ; ovary
smooth ; lip reticulate-nerved, the three median nerves thick,
prominent, especially on the disk, 3-lobed, lateral lobes short,
obtusely triangular, much smaller than the median, median
deltoid or triangular- ovate, shortly apiculate ; column quite free.
(PI. 16, f. 8-10.)

On trees ; in fr. Dec. -Jan. ; Belvedere, Hanover, 500 ft. ; Lancaster,
2500 ft.; Harris 1 Fl. Jam. 7541, 7620; between Mandeville and Black
River, J. P. 532, Syme !

Plant 1£ ft. high. Pseudobulbs about 4 cm. 1., about 1 cm. br., lanceo-
late-ovoid, covered by scarious sheaths. Leaves linear-ligulate, obtuse,
conduplicate at base, with many prominent nerves, 16-18 cm. 1., 15-18
mm. br. Panicle laxly few-flowered. Bracts, sterile sheathing, small,

H

98 ORCHIDS OF JAMAIC \

obtuse, 7-8 mm. 1. ; floral deltoid, half-clasping, shortly acute, 2-3 mm. 1.
Pedicels l cm. 1. Sepals 5-7-nerved, oblong Lanoeolate, subacute, L'Sora.l.;
Lateral Bliglltly keeled below the apex, 3'5 nun. br. J median 8 mm. In-.
I'd, ils reticulate-8-nerved, oblanceolate, L*8 em. l., :: nun. in-. Lip 1-2

em. 1., '.) mm. br. ; lateral Lobe - mm. 1. Column stout, flattisb anteriorly,
7'5 mm. 1. (including anther); clinandrium ".-toothed, auriculate ante-
riorly. Capsule spindle-shaped, 3 cm. 1., 1 cm. br.

27. E. angustifolium Sw. Prodr. 123 (1788); pscudobulbs
with <»nc grass-like leaf, and panicle much longer than leaf; lip
3-lobed, lobes subequal, lateral half-round, middle ovate; column
connate with lip for one-third of its length. — Sw. Fl. Ind. Ocr.

1512 j Griscb. op. cit. 613.

On trees and rocks; Dolphin Head, Purdie I Dolphin Head, 1G00 ft.,
Bams I Fl. Jam. 10,440.

Plant 8 in. to 1 ft. high. Pseudobulbs clustered, 1*5 cm. 1., 6-7 mm.
br., ovoid, acuminate. Leaf 12-22 cm. 1., 2 mm. br., linear, exceeded by
the scape. Scape about 3 dm. 1., filiform, naked. Bracts 2 -3-1 mm. 1.,
minute, pointed. Raceme lax, branched at the base. Pedicels 4 mm. 1.,
as long as the ovary. Floivers, perianth less than | in. 1. Sepals about
5 mm. 1., about 1'5 mm. br., oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved. Petals about as
long as the sepals, linear-lanceolate, 1-nerved. Lip about as long as the
sepals. Column nearly as long as the lip, auricled below the clinandrium.

28. E. braehyglossum Cogn. in Fedde Mepert. vii. 121 (1909) ;
stem without pseudobulb, with one leaf at apex and an erect
slender peduncle twice as long as leaf with solitary flower ;
column shortly connate with lip above base.

On trees ; in fl. Sept. ; Green Hill Wood, 4000 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam.
7783.

Plant 3-12 in. high, with brown spots on sheaths, bracts and peduncle.
Stem 4-7 cm. 1., 1*5-2 mm. br., with sheaths below. Leaf sessile,
somewhat leathery, linear-ligulate, tapering downwards shortly above the
base, apex somewhat obtuse and obliquely emarginate, with numerous
nerves prominent beneath, especially the middle nerve, 6-10 cm. 1.,
6-9 mm. br. Sheaths three, scarious, free portion short, triangular, obtuse,
uppermost 2-3 cm. 1., lowest 1-1*3 cm. 1. Bracts 3-5, closely sheathing,
free portion short, triangular, obtuse ; floral bract shortly spathaceous,
shorter than the ovary. Pedicels about 5 mm. 1. Flowers orange-scarlet,
f-1 in. 1., solitary, erect, thinly membranous. Ovary cylindrical, smooth,
with pedicel nearly 3 cm. 1. Sepals 7-nerved ; lateral oblong-elliptical,
apex somewhat obtuse and conduplicate, margin slightly undulate,
D8-2*3 cm. 1., 7-8 mm. br. ; median elliptical, apex rounded, 1*7-2 cm. 1.,
8-9 mm. br. Petals a little oblique, 5-6-nerved, elliptical, tapering to base,
apex rounded, shorter than the sepals, 1*9 cm. 1., 9 mm. br. Lip very
short, not half as long as petals, 9 mm. 1., 7 mm. br., embracing column,
3-lobed, lateral lobes rounded, median lobe somewhat smaller than lateral,
indistinctly 3-lobed ; disk with two broad longitudinal lamellae and warty
protuberances above them. Column as long as the lip, broader above than
below, winged ; clinandrium with two large auricles, apex toothed.
Capsule (not ripe) narrowly spindle-shaped, 3-angled, 3-keeled, keels
2-edged, 2-4 cm. 1.

29. E. serrulatum Sw. Prodr. 121 (1788) ; stem without
pseudobulbs, with one leaf at apex and a spike shorter than leaf ;

EPIDEXDRUM 99

column shortly connate with lip above base. — Sw. Ic. ined. t. 43 ;
Griseb. op. cit. 615. Cymbidium serrulatum Siv. in Nov. Act.
Upsal. vi. 72 (1799) & Fl. Ind. Occ. 1465. (PI. 15, £. 4.) Type
in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trees ; in fl. and fr. throughout year ; summit of Blue Mountains,
Swartz ! Macfadyen ! Blue Mt. Peak, Purdie ! Blue Mountains, 6000-
7300 ft., J.P. 20, Morris ! Jenman\ near Cinchona, 5000 ft. ; Morse's Gap,
5000 ft. ; Sir John Peak, 6000 ft. ; Blue Mt. Peak, 7420 ft. ; Harris ! Fl.
Jam. 7860, 10,452 ; summit of Sir John's Peak, Mrs. E. G. Britton, 3878 !

Plant 1-4 in. high. Stem ■ 5-3 cm. 1., covered with sheaths. Leaf linear,
tapering below, sessile, apex acute, serrulate, 2-7 cm. 1., 3-5 mm. br.,
turning blackish in drying. Sheaths one longer than stem, somewhat
spathaceous above, and one or two smaller and scarious below. Bracts
ovate-triangular, acute, half-clasping, 3-4 mm. 1. Flowers greenish, some-
times yellowish above, changing to reddish-yellow, sessile or subsessile,
perianth ^ in. 1. Ovary thicker above. Sepals fleshy, lanceolate, obtuse,
keeled, 5 mm. 1. Petals 3-nerved, narrowly oblong, obtuse, 4 mm. 1. Lip
indistinctly 3-lobed, lateral lobes rounded, median lobe triangular, disk
with three prominent nerves, 4 mm. 1., 3 mm. br. Column very short.
Capsule ellipsoidal, 10-11 mm. 1.

30. E. globosum J acq. Enum. PL Carib. 29 (1760); stem
short, simple, without pseuclobulbs, with a few linear leaves,
and a few minute flowers (rarely one) with very short stalks
clustered at apex ; column free. — Jacq. Sel. Stirp. Amer. 222,
t. 133, /. 1, Ed. pict. t. 203; Sw. Prodr. 121; Griseb. op. cit.
619 ; Beichb. f. in Saund. Bef. Pot. ii. t. 140 ; Cogn. in Fl.
Bras. Hi. pt. 5, 43, t. 9, /. 1 & in Symb. Ant. iv. 173. Cymbidium
globosum Sw. in Nov. Act. TJpsal. vi. 72 (1799) & FL Ind. Occ.
1467. Isochilus globosum Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orcli. 112 (1831).

On trees ; in fl. and fr. throughout year ; Macfadyen ! Imray ; Purdie !
Moneague, Prior ! New Carmel, Wullschlaegel, 1092 ! Wag Water Biver,
J.P. 2333, Syme ! Troy, 1600 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 10,445, 10,486.—
Cuba, Porto Kico, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, Guadeloupe, Dominica,
Martinique, St. Vincent, Grenada, Trinidad, Nicaragua, B. Honduras,
Mexico, B. Guiana, Brazil.

Plant 1-6 in. high. Stems 2*5-14 cm. 1., numerous, clustered,
slender, many-jointed, covered with sheaths. Leaves short, fleshy, rigid,
linear, semiterete, flattened when dried, obtuse, jointed to the sheath,
1-2 cm. 1., 1*5-2 mm. br. Peduncles one-flowered, 1-2 mm. 1. Flowers
yellow, red-variegated, perianth \ in. 1. Bracts sheathing at the base,
1-1*5 mm. 1. Sepals fleshy, elliptical-ovate, obtusely acute, 3 mm. 1.,
median slightly broader, 2 mm. br., lateral very shortly connate at base,
1*5 mm. br. Petals yellow, fleshy, ovate-subrhomboid, obtusely angled,
apex somewhat acute, a little shorter than the sepals. Lip fleshy, slightly
shorter than the sepals, undivided, obovate-rhomboid, apex obtuse, slightly
gibbous. Column short, thick, 1J mm. 1. Capsule nodding, ellipsoidal-
ovoid, apex shortly beaked, 4 mm. 1., 3 mm. br.

31. E. teretifolium Sw. Prodr. 121 (1788) ; stem long, simple,
without pseuclobulbs, with a few linear fleshy leaves, and one
flower at apex ; column connate with lip about half its length. —
Sw. Ic. ined. t. 44 ; Griseb. op. cit. 619. Cymbidium teretifolium

h 2

ION ORCHIDS OF JAMAIC \

Sir. in Nov. Act. Upaal m. 72 (1799) & Fl. Lid. On: L463.
[sochilua teretifolium Lindl. Qen, & Sp. Oreh. 112 (1831). Type
in Serb. .Mus. Brit.

On trees and rooks; in fl. Aug., in fr. Oct., Nov.; mountains, Swa/rte\
J.P. 2064, Morris] near Chester Vale, Watt\ Cinchona, 5000 ft.; Mt.

Mums, :;o00 ft.; Greenwich, 4500 ft.; Harris I PI. Jam. 7G27, 7778,
10,142.— Cuba.

/'/<//// G-ll in. high. Stems L5 28 om. 1., numerous, clustered, some-
what robust, many- join ted, covered with Bheaths below, naked abovo
and somewhat compressed. Learos rigid, semiterete, obtuse, jointed to
the sheath, 2-4-5 cm. 1., on lower half or two-thirds of stem, 0110 leaf with
very much abbreviated sheath at apex. Peduncle solitary, terminal, short,
one-flowered, 7 mm. 1. Bracts at base of peduncle, four spathaceous bracts
outside and two sheathing bracts inside, about 8 mm. 1. Flower yellowish-
green, perianth about £ in. 1. Sepals 12 mm. 1., 1*6 mm. br. , fleshy,
linear, tapering towards the thickened obtusely acute apex, somewhat
convex. Petals half as long as sepals, 6-7 mm. 1., l-5 mm. br., stalked,
elliptical, thickened at the rounded apex, 3-nerved, with the median nerve
forming a keel, green. Lip shorter than sepals, from junction with
column 8 mm. 1., about 2 mm. br., clawed, lower half of limb broadening
upwards, concave, disk 3-nerved with a median keel at base, above 3-edged
and thickened. Column shorter than petals, 5 mm. 1., 2-winged at apex.
Capsule ellipsoidal-spindle-shaped.

31. BR0UGHT0NIA R. Br.

Epiphytic herbs, with ovoid or globose pseudobulbs, which
are covered with a few sheaths, and have one or two leaves at
the apex. Leaves leathery or fleshy, oblong or elongate.
Peduncles terminal, with adpressed sheaths. Raceme lax,
simple or sparingly branched. Flowers medium-sized or rather
large, shortly stalked. Bracts small, scale-like. Sepals equal,
free, somewhat spreading. Petals larger than the sepals. Lip
sessile at the base of the column, free from it, erect, broad,
embracing the column. Spur adnate to ovary, long, slender.
Column several times shorter than the sepals, erect, broadly
2-winged ; clinandrium with short teeth. Anther terminal,
opercular, incumbent, convex, 4-celled ; pollinia 4, waxy, in
two pairs, ovate, equal, compressed from the side, connected by
a granular-viscous appendage. Capsule ovoid, beaked with the
neck of the ovary.

Species 2, natives of the West Indies.

Flowers crimson, ^-nearly 1 inch 1 1. B. sanguinea.

Flowers lilac, 1-1£ inch 1 2. B. domingensis.

1. B. sangninea B. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v. 217
(1813); flowers crimson, I- to nearly 1 in. 1.; lip cordate at base,
glabrous on disk. — Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 118; Hook, in Bot.~
Mag. t. 3076. B. coccinea Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 3536 (1836).
Viscum radice bulbosa minus Arc. Sloane Cat. 119 & Hist. i. 250,
t. 121, y*. 2. Epidendrum sanguineum Sio. Prodr. 124 (1788).

BROUGHTONIA 101

E. nodosum var. (3 L. Sp. PL 953 (1753). E. cochleatum L. Sp.
PL cd. 2, 1351 (in part) (1763). Dendrobium sanguineum Siu
in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 82 (1799) & FL Ind. Occ, 1529 (PI. 14,
f. 10-14.) Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trees; in fl. Nov .-April; Spanish town and neighbourhood, Sloane
Herb. iv. 118 ! Swartzl Bancroft I Distml Westmoreland, Purdie I Lanel
Wilson I Priori Manchester, Wullschlaegcl, 1059 ! lowlands up to 500 ft.,
Morris ! Syme ! Content Road, Moore ! Manchester, Bassett-Kcy ! Halber-
stadt, 2000 ft., Miss B. Gossctt ! near Tweedside, 2500 ft. ; Great Goat
Island, 100 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 9020, 9209.— Cuba.

Plant 12-15 in. high. Pseudobulbs 2 -5-5 cm. 1., 1*5-2 "5 cm. br.,
varying in shape from somewhat globular to nearly cylindrical, clustered,
with two leaves and peduncle much longer than leaves. Leaves leathery,
oblong, somewhat acute, with numerous nerves visible when dry,
8-20 cm. 1., 1-5-4-5 cm. br. Sheaths 2 or 3, 3-6 cm. 1. Peduncle long,
2-4 dm. 1., sometimes branched with lax raceme (7-8 cm. 1.) at apex.
Bracts sterile, short, sheathing, adpressed, triangular, somewhat obtuse,
few, distant, 5-6 cm. 1. ; floral minute. Pedicels 1-1*5 cm. 1. Flowers
5-12. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, 1-5-2-4 cm. 1., 4-5 mm. br., lateral
broader and slightly falcate. Petals roundish-elliptical, tapering to base
and to apex, which is either acute or obtuse, as long as sepals, 7 mm. br.
Li}) nearly as long as sepals and petals, and broader than long, roundish,
truncate, margin eroded, yellow at base with purplish veins. Column
about 9 mm. L, slightly curved, thicker and winged above.

2. B. doming-ensis Bolfe in Gard. Citron, v. 191 (1889) ;
flowers rosy-lilac, 1-1-J in. 1. ; lip hairy on the central veins.
B. lilacina Eenfr. in Gard. Mag. Bot. Hi. 201 (1851). Cattleya
domingensis Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 118 (1831). La^liopsis
domingensis Lindl. in Paxt. Fl. Gard. Hi. 155, t. 105 (1852, 53).
(PI. 14, f. 15-19.)

On trees; Westmoreland, Purdie ! Edwards 1 Tomlinson !— Hispaniola.

Plant 1-2 ft. high. Pscudobulb 2-5 cm. 1., 1-5-2-5 cm. br., ellipsoidal
to globose, with two leaves (rarely one), and peduncle much longer than
leaves. Leaves leathory, oblong-ligulate, apex oblique, mucronate, with
numerous nerves apparent only when dry, 6-20 cm. 1., 8-30 mm. br.
Sheaths 2 or 3, 2-5-5 cm. 1. Peduncle very long, 3-5 dm. 1., rarely branch-
ing, with a lax raceme (5 cm. 1.) at apex. Bracts sterile, short, sheathing,
adpressed, triangular, somewhat obtuse, very few, distant, 6 mm. 1. ; floral
minute, triangular. Flowers 8-14. Sci^als linear-lanceolate, somewhat
acute, 2 to nearly 3 cm. 1., 4-6 mm. br. Petals elliptical tapering to base
and to somewhat acute apex, about as long, or a little longer, and twice as
broad as sepals. Lip a little longer than sopals, broadly ernarginate,
margin wavy, denticulate. Column about 7 mm. 1. Capsule (unripe)
ellipsoidal, beaked.

32. H0RMIDIUM Lindl.

Small epiphytic herbs, with small pseudobulbs crowded
along the creeping rhizome, with two or three membranous
sheaths and two leaves at the apex. Leaves small, shortly
sheathing at base, and jointed with sheath. Flowrers small,
stalked, in a terminal cluster, the cluster sometimes reduced to
a single flower. Sepals, all of equal length, suberect or at

102 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

length spreading, the median free, the lateral broader, at tin1
base adnate to the columnar cup. Petals similar t<> the median

sepal, but narrower. Li]) connate at the base with the column
into a cup, the blade erect-spreading, 3-lobed. Column short,
with the dilated margins connate with the lip into a cup :
clinandrium short. Anther terminal, opercular, incumbent,
with four parallel cells; pollinia 4, waxy, ovoid, distinct,
without an appendage, on the dehiscence of the anther connected
at the apex by a sparse viscid substance. Capsule ovoid or
Bubglobose, not beaked, the ribs winged.

Species 7, natives of tropical America from the West Indies
and Mexico to Brazil.

Hormidium tripterum Cogn. in Fl. Bras. Hi. yt. 5, 29, t. 8,
/. 2 (1898); Ames Orch. it. 7, t. 20. Ccelogyne triptera Brongn.
in Duperr. Toy. Coq. Bot. 201, t. 42 A (1829). — Epidendrum
pygmaeum Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 3233 (1833) & Journ. Bot. i. 49,
t, 118 (1834); Lincll. Fol. Orch. Epid. 27; Griseb. op. cit. 615.
Hormidium pygma?um Hemsl. in Gard. Chron. xix. 700 (1883).
(PI. 17, f. 1-5.)

On rocks covered with peat and moss in shade ; in fl. and fr. Oct.-Feb.;
Manchester, Purdie ! Springfield, Wullschlaegel 1084 ! J.P. 2011, Syme !
Morris ! Clydesdale, Cradwick ! Cascade, Watt ! Bridge Hill, 1500 ft. ;
Chester Vale, 3000 ft. and 3500 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7103, 7535, 7823.
Mabess Eiver, G. Nichols ! — Cuba, Porto Rico, Trinidad, Mexico, B.
Guiana, Brazil, Peru.

Plant rising 3 or 4 in. from the long, creeping rhizome. Pscudobulbs
2-3 cm. 1., ovoid-oblong or narrowly spindle-shaped. Leaves narrowly
elliptical or oval, obtuse, minutely apiculate, shortly sheathing at the base
and jointed with sheath, blade 3-5 cm. 1., 1-1-5 cm. br. Bracts somewhat
longer than the pedicels, 6 or 7 mm. 1. Flowers yellowish-white, perianth
\ in. 1. Sepals elliptical, acuminate, shallowly keeled, 5-6 mrn. 1.,
2 mm. br. ; lateral shortly connate at base. Petals linear, acuminate,
4-4*5 mm. 1. Lip extending about half as long as sepals, 4*5-5 mm. br.,
median lobe triangular, acuminate, much smaller than the roundish
lateral lobes. Column half as long as lip. Capsule about 1*3 cm. 1.

33. L.ELIA Lindl.

Epiphytic herbs, with fleshy generally oblong pseudobulbs,
not, however, present in the Jamaican species, which have a few
sheaths, and at the apex one or two leaves. Leaves somewhat
leathery, not plaited. Peduncles terminal, almost always only
one-flowered, with a few sheaths at intervals. Bracts like the
sheaths, the uppermost spathaceous. Sepals almost equal, free,
spreading. Petals wider than the sepals. Lip erect at the
base of the column ; lateral lobes enclosing the column : the
median lobe spreading. Column rather long, narrowly 2-winged;
clinandrium crenulate. Anther attached to a posterior tooth,
opercular, incumbent, convex, distinctly 2-celled, each cell

LiELIA 103

imperfectly divided again into two cells by a longitudinal
partition ; pollinia 8, four in each cell, all compressed in the
same direction, the ascending portion of the inferior pair
connected with the descending portion of the upper pair in
each cell by a linear granular appendage.

Species about 39, natives of the warmer parts of America
from the West Indies and Mexico to Brazil.

L. monophylla N. E. Brown in Gard. Cliron. xviii. 782 (1882) ;
Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 6683. Trigonidium monophyllum Griseb.
Fl. Br. W. Ind. 629 (1864). Octadesmia monophylla Benth. in
Bentlu & Eook.f. Gen. PL Hi. 526 (1883). (PL 17, f. 6-12.)

On trees; in fl. Aug.-Nov. ; Bancroft ! Mt. Moses, J.P. 2405, Syme\
Morris ! Greenwich Woods, Fawcett ! Tweedside ; Green Hill Woods,
4000 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7783, 7996.

Plant 4-8 (sometimes 12) in. high. Stem slender, 2-9 cm. 1., covered
with three speckled cylindrical sheaths springing from the nodes, and
with one leaf at apex. Leaf linear-oblong, obtuse, 5-10 cm. 1., 7-10
mm. br. Peduncle with 4-6 bracts like the sheaths, 5-22 cm. 1. Flowers
vivid orange-scarlet, except the anther-cap which is purple, about f in. 1.
Sepals, lateral elliptical, obtuse, 17-22 mm. 1., 5'5-7*5 mm. br. ; median
ovoid-elliptical, 16-19 mm. 1., 6 '5-7 "5 mm. br. Petals obovate-elliptical,
14-17 mm. 1., 6-9 mm. br. Lip obovoid in outline, 7-9 mm. 1., continuous
with wings of column below, 3-lobed near apex, lateral lobes rounded,
median lobe semicircular, somewhat apiculate, disk papillose, with a
sac-like outgrowth along the median line. Column 6* 5-8* 5 mm. 1.,
winged ; clinandrium broadly winged, crenulate on the dorsal margin.

34. SCH0MBURGKIA Lindl.

Epiphytic herbs ; pseudobulbs with several scarious sheaths,
2-leaved at the apex. Leaves oblong, elongated, thick, leathery.
Raceme simple on a terminal elongated sheathed peduncle,
flowers stalked. Bracts persistent, rigidly membranous. Sepals
almost equal, free, spreading, more or less undulate. Petals
similar and equal to the sepals. Lip very shortly connate quite
at the base with the column, erect ; the sides at first loosely
embracing the column ; the upper margin undulate. Column
straight or incurved, winged ; clinandrium lobed. Anther
attached to the apex of the median tooth, incumbent ; imperfectly
8-celled ; pollinia 8, waxy, superposed in pairs, broadly ovate,
compressed, connected by a slender granular appendage. Capsule
ovoid.

Species about 13, natives of tropical America, including the
West Indies.

S. Lyonsii Lindl. in Gard. Cliron. 1853, 615 ; Hook, in Bot.
Mag. t. 5172. S. carinata Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind, 621 (1864).
(PI. 19, f. 1-6.)

On rocks and trees; in fl. Aug.-Nov., in fr. Dec; St. Ann, Pur die !
St. Ann, Prior ! Castleton, J.P. 535, Morris ! Radnor, Cradwick ! Ramble,

104 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

Hanover, GOO ft., Fawcett] Content Road, 3000 ft., llarris\ Savanna-la-
Mar, Lister Clark. Fl. Jam. 10,391, 10,427.

Plant rising to 8 ft. high and more. Pseudobulb narrowly spindle-
shaped, oompressed, of several joints, 12-35 cm. I., 2*5-3 cm. br. Sheaths
8-13 cm. 1., reduced to 2 cm. 1. at base. Leaves J 3 dm. 1., 4-6 cm. br.
Peduncle 6-9 dm., with sheaths which become spathaceous and crowded
and spreading at base of raceme; sheaths 5-6*5 cm. 1., acute, sometimes
with purplish-brown spot. Raceme 7-12 cm. 1. Bracts linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, reflexed, 5*5-7"7 cm. 1., to 6 mm. br. Flowers white spotted
with purple, perianth about 1 in. 1. Pedicels 5-5*5 cm. 1., slender.
Ovary a little over 1 cm. 1. Sepals 7-nerved, ovate-oblong, obtuse, very
shortly apiculate, with undulate, crispate margin, 2*2-2*3 cm. 1., 0-10
mm. br., lateral somewhat falcate and broader than median. Petals
5-nerved, similar to sepals but longer and slightly broader, apex rounded,
2*6 cm. 1., 11 mm. br. Lip 5-nerved, outer nerves branching, nerves
prominent, sometimes lamellate ; with yellowish edge, otherwise somewhat
the same colouring as the sepals and petals, sometimes dull violet with
crimson ribs, shorter than sepals, entire, ovate, very shortly clawed, with
undulate crispate margin, apex blunt ish, 1*6 cm. 1., about 12 mm. br.
(flattened). Column curved, about 1 cm. 1. ; lateral lobes of clinandrium
somewhat larger than median. Anther with 2 horn-like processes on the
top. Capsule 3-4 cm. 1., and 1*7-1*8 cm. br.

35. BRASSAVOLA R. Br.

Epiphytic herbs. Stems scarcely thickened, sympodial,
springing from the contracted base of the next older stem, with
one or two sheaths covering the contracted base, with a few lax
ash-coloured scarious sheaths above, and one leaf. Leaves thick
and fleshy, conduplicate, almost half cylindrical, linear, tapering
to a subulate apex. Flowers terminal, on an elongated peduncle,
racemose, stalked. Bracts short. Ovary very slender. Sepals
free, equal, spreading, long, linear, acuminate. Petals similar to
the sepals, but slightly shorter and narrower, narrowly linear-
lanceolate. Lip with a long involute serrate claw ; blade
roundish, acuminate, entire. Column very short, clinandrium
3-lobed, the median toothed at the apex. Anther attached to the
median lobe of the clinandrium, opercular, incumbent, with two
distinct cells, each cell divided into two smaller cells by a
longitudinal partition ; pollinia 8, four in each cell, broadly ovate
and compressed in the same direction, connected by a granular,
linear or blade-shaped appendage. Capsule large, ellipsoidal,
3-keeled, beaked.

Species about 22, natives of tropical America from the West
Indies and Mexico to Argentine.

Flowers few, perianth 2-3 inches 1 1. B. nodosa.

Flowers many, perianth lj-lj inch long 2. B. cordata.

1. B. nodosa Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 114 (1831) ; flowers few ;
sepals longer than ovary with pedicel, 5-7 ' 5 cm. 1. ; blade of
lip roundish, 3-5 cm. 1., claw 17-25 mm. 1. — Lindl. in Bot. Beg.

BRASSAVOLA 105

t. 1465 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 621 ; Bolfe in Orel. Bev. x. 65.
B. grancliflora Lindl. in Bot. Beg. xxv. Misc. 16 (1839). B. venosa
Lindl. in Bot. Beg. xxvi. t, 39 (1840) ; Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 4021.
Epidendron curassavicum &c. Herm. Parad. 207 (errore 187).
Viscum arboreum &c. Pluk. Aim. 390, /. 117,/. 6. Epidendrum
nodosum L. Sp. PL 953 (1753) (excl. reference to Sloane &
var. /?.); Jacq. Set. Stirp. Amer. 226,*. 140, Ed. pict. 109, t. 213.

On rocks and trees; inn. Aug., Sept.; Wrightl Dickson\ March !
Cedar Valley, Moore ! — Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala, Panama, Venezuela,
Colombia, Peru.

Plant 8-13 in. high. Stem 6-7 cm. 1., with two long joints, each
covered with a sheath. Sheaths increasing in size from base (4 cm. 1.), the
topmost triangular, acute, 3 -5-5 5 cm. 1. Leaf 14-22 cm. 1., 8-18 mm. br.
Peduncle with three sterile joints below, followed by the few-flowered
raceme, 10-27 cm. 1. Bracts, sterile sheathing, 7-10 mm. 1. ; floral
triangular, acute, 4-7 mm. 1. Ovary with pedicel 3 '5-4 -5 cm. 1. Flowers
large, spreading, perianth 2-3 in. 1. Sepals and petals pale green. Lip
white. Column about 9 mm. 1. Capsule about 5 cm. 1.

2. B. eordata Lindl. in Bot. Beg. 1914, t. 1913 (1836) ;
flowers many ; sepals as long as ovary with pedicel, 3 * 5-4 ' 5 cm. 1. ;
blade of lip subcordate-roundish, 1 ■ 8-2 cm. 1., claw 12-16 mm. 1. —
Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 3782 ; Griseb. op. cit. 620. B. nodosa
Hook, in Bot, Mag. t. 3229 (1833). B. subulifolia Bolfe in Orch.
Bev. x. 66 (1902) ; Griseb. he. cit. (in part). Viscum delphinii
&c. Sloane Cat. 120 & Hist. i. 251, t. 121, /. 3. (PI. 19, f. 7-11.)

On trees ; in fl. June, Sept., Jan. ; Spanish Town, Sloane Herb. iv. 120!
Wright ! Bancroft ! Macfadyen ! St. Thomas in Vale, McNab ! St. John,
Purdie ! Parke ! White Iliver, Cowan ! Fairfield, Wullschlaegel, 1065 !
lowlands, J.P. 2398, Syme ! Mandeville, Lady Blake ! Lacovia, Tomlinson !
Belvedere, Hanover, 500 ft.; Halls Delight, 900 ft.; near Troy, 2000 ft.,
1600 ft. ; Harris ! Walderston, Mrs. Longstaff ! near Mandeville, Harris &
Britton ! Fl. Jam. 7661, 10,412, 10,448, 10,450, 10,451, 10,626.

B. subulifolia Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 114 was described from a plant
from Nevis. Lindley says " species distinctissima." We have not seen a
specimen.

Plant 8-21 in. high. Stem 12-18 cm. 1., with three or four long joints,
each covered with a sheath. Sheaths increasing in size from base (2 cm. 1.),
the topmost becoming spathaceous, free portion oblong, tapering to an
acute apex, or oblong-lanceolate, 5 -5-8 cm. 1. Leaf 20-35 cm. 1.,
7-12 mm. br. Peduncle one or two sterile joints below, followed by the
many-flowered raceme, somewhat crowded above, 8-20 cm. 1. Bracts
sterile, sheathing, free portion triangular, acute, 7-10 mm. 1. ; floral
lanceolate, acuminate, 6-9 mm. 1. Ovary with pedicel 3 • 5-4 5 cm. 1.
Flowers of medium size, spreading, perianth 1^-lf in. 1. Sepals and petals
pale green or greenish-yellow. Lip white, writh a long involute serrate
claw. Column about 7 mm. 1., thicker upwards. Capsule 3-2 cm. 1.,
1'6 cm. br.

36, TETRAMICRA Lindl.

Terrestrial herbs. Stems leafy, scarcely thickened, no pseudo-
bulbs. Leaves from the rhizome within overlapping sheaths at
the base of the scape, 1-3, linear, fleshy, semiterete, short and

10G ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

thick. Peduncle terminal, elongate, i hiii, rigid, with membranous
adpressed sheaths at intervals. Raceme simple, lax, with small
stalked flowers. Bracts minute. Sepals somewhat equal, free,

spreading. Petals similar to the sepals hut narrower. Lip
attached at the base of the column, free, spreading from base ;
lateral lobes distinct on a short claw, ample, spreading \ median
broad, entire, contracted at the base. Column erect , broadly
2-winged above; lateral lobes or teeth of the clinandrium
often membranous, median small. Anther terminal, opercular,
incumbent, convex, with two distinct cells, which are imperfectly
divided into two smaller cells ; pollinia perfect, 4, waxy, segre-
gated in pairs in the cells, compressed in the same direction,
connected by appendages. Capsule oblong, not beaked.

Species 7, natives of tropical America from the West Indies
to Brazil.

T. parviflora Lindl. ex Beichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 439
(1861) ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Lid. 622. Bletia parviflora Beichb.f.
Joe. ait, (PI. 18, f. 7-10.)

In dry rocky ground; in fl. Feb.-April; Stony Hill, 1000 ft., J.P. 2033,
Morris I Symel near constant Spring, 600-1000 ft., Campbell I Le Bay I
Harris ! Fawcett ! Fl. Jam. 7655, 10,409.— Bahamas.

Plant 7-15 in. high. Stem very short, 2-4 mm. 1., with two or
three small leaves and a long peduncle. Leaves 1-4 cm. 1., 3-6 mm. br.
Peduncle 18-38 cm. 1., very slender, with a lax raceme (4-10 cm. 1.) at
apex. Bracts, sterile sheathing, free part very short, acute, 3-5-5 mm. 1. ;
floral half-clasping, ovate, very acute, 2-2-5 mm. 1. Flowers small,
different shades of pink, sometimes white with a tinge of pink at the top
of the column, perianth less than ^ in. 1. Sepals green, sometimes striped
inside with fine lines of purplish-brown, 5-nerved, oblong, apex acute to
obtuse, 4*5-5 mm. 1., 1* 6-2*1 mm. br. Petals 3-nerved, linear-lanceolate,
somewhat obtuse, 4-5 mm. 1., -75--9 mm. br. Lip 5-6 mm. 1., 3-lobed,
lateral lobes broadly elliptical-ovate; median obovate, 5-nerved, 3*5 mm. br.
Column 2 • 5 mm. 1.

37. H0MAL0PETALUM Rolfe.

Epiphytic herb, with a creeping rhizome, giving off 1 -leaved
pseudobulbs at intervals. Leaves sessile, fleshy. Peduncle
solitary from apex of pseudobulb, longer than leaf, with one
flower. Bracts few, small, distant. Sepals equal, free, connivent.
Petals similar to sepals. Lip nearly similar to petals, free,
undivided. Column thicker upwards, semiterete, incurved, with
a falcate-oblong auricle at each side of the base, without a foot ;
clinandrium margined ; rostellum ovate-oblong, descending.
Anther terminal, opercular, convex ; cells two, distinct, imper-
fectly divided by a longitudinal division ; pollinia, perfect 4,
waxy, in pairs in the cells, with linear granular-viscous appen-
dicular, at the apex of which are small imperfect pollinia.

Species 1, known only from Jamaica.

HOMALOPETALUM 107

H. vomeriforme * comb. nov. — H. jarnaicense Bolfe in Hook.
Ic. PL t. 2461 (1896). Epidendrum vomiforme Sw. Prodr.
(1788) & Ic. ined. t. 48. E. vomeriforme Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ.
1511 (1806); Beichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 416. Brassavola
vomeriformis Beichb. f. ex Griseb. Fl, Br. W. Ind. 621 (1864).
(PI. 18, f. 1-6.) Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trees: in fl. Dec-April; mountains, Sivartzl Colthirst's Run,
St. George, J.P. 238, Morris ! Abbey Green, Blue Mts., 4000-5000 ft; near
Cinchona, 5000 ft.; Harrisl Fl. Jam. 6107, 7658, 7816, 9783, 10,494 (in part).

Plant 1^-4 in. high. Pseudobulbs cylindrical, ellipsoidal or some-
what globose, 4-6 mm. 1. Leaves ovate-oblong to oblong, shrivelling on
drying, keeled, somewhat obtuse, 1-2 cm. 1., 4-5 mm. br. Peduncle
filiform, 1-6 • 5 cm. 1. Bracts, sterile sheathing, distant, 2-3 mm. 1. ; floral
somewhat spathaceous, 3-3*5 mm. 1. Floivers sessile, perianth |-f in. 1.
Sepals l-4-2 cm. 1., linear-lanceolate, acuminate. Petcds similar, but
shorter by about 2 mm. and narrower. Lip as long as the petals, elliptical
(when flattened), shortly acuminate, disk smooth. Column 1 mm. 1.,
slender below ; clinandrium with one tooth behind and two in front, and a
rounded lobe on each side. Capsule (unripe) ellipsoidal with a very short
beak, 11 mm. 1.

38. ELLEANTHUS Presl.

Terrestrial herbs, tall, simple or branched, leafy. Leaves
sessile above a sheath, plaited, lanceolate, nerves somewhat
prominent below, highest leaf bract-like. Flowers sometimes
dense in the form of a head or in a dense two-ranked spike.
Sepals almost equal, free, erect, somewhat rigid. Petals as long
as the sepals, generally narrower. Lip attached at the base of
the column, erect, as long as the sepals or longer, generally
enclosing the column, concave at the very base, with two promi-
nent calli in the hollow, generally slightly constricted above
the hollow, above roundish or inconspicuously trilobed, margin
entire or denticulate. Column erect, semiterete or winged,
without a foot. Anther attached to the median tooth, opercular,
somewhat convex, slightly incumbent, afterwards erect, distinctly
2-celled, the cells not divided ; pollinia 4 in each cell, waxy,
ovoid, hardly superposed in pairs, connected at the apex by a
sparse viscid substance or by a small granular appendage.
Capsule shortly cylindrical, erect or spreading.

Species 45, natives of tropical America from the West Indies
and Central America to Brazil and Peru.

Flowers in a head 1. E. capitatus.

Flowers in a spike 2. E. longibracteatus.

1. E. capitatus Beicltb.f. in Walp. Ann. Bot. vi. 475 (1861);
flowers in a head. — Cogn. in Fl. Bras. Hi. pt. 5. 325. Bletia

* The original spelling was vomiforme, an error in orthography, subse-
quently corrected by Swartz.

108 OKCHIDS OF JAMAICA

capitata B. Br. in Ait. Hurt. Kew. ed. 2, v. 206 (1813); Lindl
Gen. & Sp. Orel/. 1:23. Evelyna capitata Poepp. & Endl. Nov.
Gen. & S2>. i. 32, t. 56 (1835); Griaeb. Fl. Jir. W. Ind. 622.
(PL 20, f. 1-7.) Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trees; in fl. July, Aug. ; Masson ! WiUs\ Macfadyen\ March\ J. P. 232,
Morris\ near Claverty Cottage, Blue Mts., Moore ! Vinegar Hill, St. Georgo,
Harris \ Fl. Jam. 7717. — Guadeloupe, Martinique, Grenada, Trinidad,
Guatemala, Mexico, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru.

Plant rising to 4 ft. and over. Stem to 12 dm. 1., 3-5 mm. br., simple,
somewhat stout, erect, covered with leaf sheaths. Leaves papery, 7-9
nerved, 1-2 dm. 1., 2-5 cm. br. ; sheaths 5-6 cm. 1., smaller near apex.
Head dense, many-flowered, hemispherical, 2*5-5 cm. br. Bracts, outer
without flowers, closely overlapping, ovate-triangular, acuminate, 2 '5-4
cm. 1., 1-1*5 crn. br. ; inner bracts subtending the flowers half as short
and two or three times narrower. Flowers rosy-purple, perianth £ in. 1., lip
£ in. 1. Sepals 3-5-nerved, ligulate, shortly tapering to an acute apex,
12-13 mm. 1., 3-3*5 mm. br., lateral united and gibbous at base. Petals
similar to sepals. Lip longer than the sepals, roundish with a narrower
base, enclosing the column, saccate at base, apex broadly emarginate,
margin denticulate-ciliate, with two large, subglobose calli at base. Column
9-10 mm. 1., thicker above, with a projecting, obtuse process on the
anterior side below the stigma.

2. E. longibraeteatus Fawc. Fl. PL Jam. 38 (1893) ; flowers
in a spike. — Evelyna longibracteata Lindl. ex Griseb. loc. cit.
(1864/. (PI. 20, f. 8-12.) Type in Herb. Lindl. at Kew.

On peaty banks and rocks; in fl. March-May; Wright ! Macfadyenl
Marchl J.P. 528, Symel Greenwich, Moorel Fairfield, Oehlerl Lancaster,
2500 ft. ; near Troy, 1400 ft ; Cinchona, 10,414 ft. ; Harris ! — Dominica,
Colombia, Ecuador.

Plant 2-3 ft. high. Stem 4*5-8 dm. 1., 2-4 mm. br., simple, erect,
nearly covered with leaf-sheaths. Leaves papery, 5-nerved, 8-17 cm.
1., 1-2 cm. br. ; sheaths 1*5-3*5 cm. 1. Spike somewhat dense, 4-8 cm.
1., several-flowered. Bracts ovate, acuminate, spathe-like, longer than
the flower, 1*5-2*5 cm. 1. Flowers cream-colour or pale yellow, perianth
\ in. 1., lip longer. Sepals 9-nerved, lateral oblong-triangular, mucronate,
saccate and gibbous at base, 7*5-8*5 mm. 1., 4-5 mm. br. at base; median
oblong, apex rounded, mucronate, 7 mm. 1., 4 mm. br. Petals 6-nerved,
ligulate, obtuse, nearly 7 mm. 1., 2*3 mm. br. Lip not exserted beyond the
sepals, saccate, enclosing the column, indistinctly 3-lobed, upper margin
denticulate, somewhat eroded, curled, lobes rounded, nearly equal, with
two large ovate calli at base, and two transverse linear calli at base of
lobes, nearly as long as the lateral sepals. Column 6 mm. 1., winged ;
clinandrium with a spreading lobe at each side. Capsule cylindrical,
slightly puberulous, 8 mm. 1.

[39. PHAIUS Lour.]

[Terrestrial herbs, rather tall, with stems crowded on a
caudex. Leaves elongate, plaited, at the base narrowed or
contracted into a long stalk, with sheaths generally striate.
Scape springing from the caudex. Flowers in a raceme, several,
stalked. Bracts sometimes small, linear, sometimes rather large,
membranous or herbaceous. Sepals free, almost equal, spreading

PHAIUS 109

or somewhat erect. Petals similar to the sepals, but narrower.
Lip erect, concave, produced at the base into a short spur,
continuous with the base of the column ; lateral lobes ample,
erect, enclosing the column ; median lobe expanded, generally
short and broad, spreading or recurved. Column somewhat
long, subterete, 2-angled or 2- winged, thicker upwards, without
a foot ; clinandrium short, oblique, sinuate on the margin.
Anther attached near the margin of the clinandrium, opercular,
incumbent, convex, distinctly 2-celled, cells divided imperfectly
into four smaller cells ; pollinia 8, obovate or oblong, compressed
from the side, applied by the faces in pairs, the lower pair of
each cell generally longer than the upper, connected at the apex
by a granular appendage almost filling the cells in the younger
anther. Capsule oblong, without a beak, ribs very prominent.

Species 50, natives of tropical Asia, but spreading to tropical
Africa, the Mascarene Islands, Australia, the islands of the
Pacific Ocean, China and Japan.

P. Tanearvillese Blume (Tanker v ill ii) Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. ii.
177 (1856). P. grandifolius Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 529 (1790);
Lindl, Gen. & Sp. Orcli. 126; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 622;
Salisb. Ic. ined. vi. fol. 573 Limodorum Tanearvillese Banks ex
L'Herit, Sert. Angl. 28 (1788). L. Taukervillige Bnjand. in Ait.
Bort. Kew. Hi. 302, /. 12 (1789). Bletia Tankervillia? B. Br. in
Ait, Hort, Kew. ed. 2, v. 205 (1813) ; Bot, Mag. t, 1924. (PI. 20,
f. 13-17.)

In damp shady places ; in fl. throughout year ; Bethany, Wullsclilaegel,
1061 ! Prior ! Blue Mts., J.P. 7, Morris ! Vinegar Hill, Moore ! Clydesdale,
near Cinchona, Fawcett ! Farm Hill, Miss B. Gosset ! near Catadupa,
1800 ft. ; Wallenford, 3000 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7637, 9183.— China,
Australia, N. Caledonia, Rarotonga.

Plant lfj-3 ft. high. Stem tuberous. Leaves, blade oblong-lanceolate
to lanceolate, acute, 3-5 dm. 1., 7-10 cm. br. ; stalks 5-15 cm. 1. Scape
5-9 dm. Floivers chocolate-brown and white, 1^- in. 1. Bracts large,
spathe-like, obtuse, about 3*5 cm. 1. Sepals 7-nerved, oblong-lanceolate,
4-5 '5 cm. 1., 11-14 mm. br. Lip embracing the column, indistinctly
3-lobed above, median lobe slightly reflexed with margin curled ; disk
with two parallel keels, 3*5-4 cm. 1. Spur slightly curved, 5 mm. 1.
Column 1*5-2 cm. 1.

This species cannot be considered indigenous, but it is so completely
naturalised and so common in some parts of Jamaica, that a full descrip-
tion has been included. It is also recorded from Cuba.]

40. CALANTHE R. Br.

Terrestrial herbs ; stem very short, rhizomatous. Leaves
few, large, broad, veins prominent, contracted into a sheathing
petiole. Scape tall. Raceme simple, lax-flowered. Bracts
very long, narrow. Sepals nearly equal, free, spreading. Petals
somewhat similar, smaller. Lip clawed, claw connate with the
column forming a tube, produced at the base into a short spur ;

110 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

blade entire. Column short, erect, broadly winged at the apex
above the t\il><\ Anther subterminal, incumbent, 2-celled.
Follinia 8, waxy, narrowly pyriform. Capsule ellipsoidal, large.
Species about 138, widely distributed in tropics of the old
world, especially Asia, one or two in tropical America.

C. mexieana Beichb. f. in Linneea xviii. 406 (1844), Ic.
Fl. Germ. xiii. & xiv. t, 355, /. 5, G, 7, k Xen. Orch. i. 205,
/ 79 i 1-3. Ghiesbreghtia calanthoides A. Rich. & Gal. in
Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, Hi. 28 (1845). (PL 20, f. 18-22.)

Damp shady places; in fl. June-Nov. ; near Cinchona, 4800 ft.,
Cradwick\ Watt\ John Crow Peak, 5600 ft., Faiucettl Morse's Gap,
4800-5000 ft. ; Mahess River, 3500 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7790, 10,437 —
Cuba, Mexico.

Plant more than a foot high. Stem with abundant roots and two
sheaths ; upper sheath 9 or 10 cm. Leaves two, oblong to oval, acute,
25-40 cm. 1., 7-11 cm. br. Scape 40-50 cm. Raceme 6-8 cm. Flowers
white, ten or more, perianth £ in. 1., all parts downy. Pedicels 3-5 mm.
Bracts 13-30 mm. 1., linear, acuminate. Sepals 11-12 mm. 1., 5-4 mm. br.,
oblong, shortly acute, 5-nerved, median rather shorter and broader than the
lateral. Petals 8 mm. 1., 3 mm. br., obovate-lanceolate, obtuse, 3-nerved.
Lip (measuring from junction with tube) 6 mm. 1., 4 mm. br., subrotund,
shortly apiculate, entire (thus differing from the 3-lobed form generally
characteristic of the genus). Capsule 2-2*5 cm. 1.

41. BLETIA Ruiz & Pavon.

Terrestrial, erect herbs. Leaves springing from the top of a
corrn, few, very long, lanceolate, contracted into a sheathing
petiole. Scape rising from the side of the corm, leafless with
sheathing sterile bracts. Flowers numerous, stalked, somewhat
large, in a terminal generally branched raceme. Bracts small.
Sepals free, converging or somewhat spreading, subequal.
Petals similar to the sepals, but broader. Lip attached to
base of the column, free, erect, middle lobe spreading, broad,
emarginate ; lateral lobes somewhat broad, converging over the
column ; disc with five to seven crests. Column long, semiterete,
2-winged, incurved, auricled at the base, without a foot. Anther
incumbent, twTo-cellecl. Pollinia 8, waxy, obovate. Capsule
oblong, erect.

Species about 45, mostly in tropical America.

Flowers rosy-purple or purplish-crimson; lateral
lobes of lip broader below than above, and
with narrow apex 1. B. purpurea.

Flowers dark purple ; lateral lobesi of lip rounded

above and narrowing towards the base 2. B. florida.

1. B. purpurea DC. in Mem. Soc. Phys. & Hist. Nat. Geneve,
ix. pt. 1, 100 (1841); flowers rosy-purple or purplish- crimson ;
lip with seven crests, only live of which pass into the middle

BLETIA 111

lobe, lateral lobes with a bluntly triangular apex above the
sinus and increasing in breadth towards the base, middle lobe
roundish. — Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 622. B. verecunda, B. Br.
in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v. 206 (1813) ; Griseb. loc. tit. ; Salisb.
Ic. hied. vi. fol. 572, 573. B. acutipetala Hook, in Bot. Mag. t.
3217 (1833). B. alta Hitchcock in Bep. Miss. Bot. Gard. iv. 132
(1893). Limodoruni purpureum Lam. Encycl. Metli. Hi. 515
(1789) ; Bedoute Liliacees i. 83. L. tuberosum Jacq. Coll. iv. 108
(1790), non L* L. altum Jacq. Ic. Bar. Hi. 17, t. 602 (1786-93),
non L.* L. verecundum Salisb. Prodr. 9 (1796). Cymbidium
verecundum Sw. in Nov. Act. TJpsal. vi. 75 (1799). (PI. 21, f. 1-7.)

Dry stony banks, rocky land, on rocks in moist woods, 600-5000 ft. ;
in fl. and fr." Oct. -May; Houstoun\ Fairfield, 1059, Wullsclilaegel ! J. P. 9,
Morris ! Cinchona, 5000 ft. ! Fawcett ! G. Nichols ! Farm Hill, C. Nicholls !
Hanover, Tomlinsonl Silver Hill, 3500 ft., Harris I — Cuba, Bahamas,
Florida, Central America.

Plant 1^-2J ft. high ; leaves 1^ ft. long. Corm 2 cm., globose. Leaves
30-50 cm. 1., 1-2 cm. br., narrowly lanceolate, long-tapering at base and
apex, narrowing into a basal sheath. Flowers, perianth ^-§ in. 1. Bracts,
sterile 1-1*3 cm. 1., ovate, blunt, adpressed, sheathing at the base;
floral 4-5 mm. 1., broadly ovate, acuminate, somewhat clasping. Pedicels
(including ovary) 1-1 -5 cm., of fruit about half as long. Sepals 15-18
mm. 1., 5-7 mm. br. ; median ovate-lanceolate, acute ; lateral ovate, acute,
slightly gibbous. Petals broader and slightly shorter than the sepals. Lip
shorter than the petals, veins numerous and branching, middle lobe
emarginate, crenate, curled. Column winged. Capsule 2*7 cm. 1., cylin-
drical, erect.

2. B. florida B. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v. 206 (1813) ;
flowers dark purple, sometimes rosy with white lip * lip with five
crests, of which only three generally stretch far into the middle
lobe, lateral lobes rounded above, narrowing gradually to the
base, middle lobe generally cuneate in form. — Griseb. op. cit. 621.
B. Shepherdii Hook, in Bot. Mag. 3319 (1834); Griseb. loc. cit.
B. verecunda DC. loc. cit. non B. Br. Limodorum fioridum
Salisb. Prodr. 9 (1796) & Ic. ined. vi. fol. 572. L. altum Sims in
Bot. Mag. t, 930 (1806). (PI. 21, f. 8-11.)

Dry stony banks 1000-5000 ft. ; in fl. and fr. Oct.-May ; Sloane Herb,
iv. 117a! St. Anns Bay, Priori J.P. 2145, Morris ! Lanel Bryans Hill,
Sullivan \ Silver Hill, 3500 ft.; Wallenford, 2500 ft.; Constant Spring;
Green Valley ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7622, 7653, 7682.— Cuba.

Plant 2-3J ft. with leaves 1J to 2 ft. long. Corm l-5-2*5 cm., ovate-
globose. Leaves 20-50 cm. 1., 2-9 cm. br., narrowly lanceolate to broadly
lanceolate or oblanceolate, acuminate, narrowing into a basal sheath
which persists after the fall of the leaf, many-nerved. Floicers, perianth
less than an inch to 1^ in. long. Bracts, sterile 1-2*5 cm. 1., ovate,
blunt, adpressed, sheathing at the base; floral 3-10 mm. 1., ovate,

* Limodorum tuberosum L. Sp. PI. 950 is Calopogon pulchellus H. Br.
L. altum L. Syst. ed. 12, ii. 594 is Eulophia alta.

112 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

acuminate, somewhat clasping. Pedicels (including ovary) about 2 cm.,
of fruit less than I cm. Sepals 2-2-5 cm. 1., 7-9 mm. br. ; median oblong,
apionlate; lateral ovate-elliptical. Petals about the same length as tbo
sepals but broader, oval. Lip shorter than the petals, middle lobe
emarginate, crenate, curled. Column about j length of lip, winged,
Capsule 4 cm. 1. narrowly oblong, erect.

lAmodorum florid um was founded by Salisbury on a specimen sent
" from Jamaica by Wm. Shakespeare." The original specimen is not
extant, but among Salisbury's drawings and Mss in the Department
of Botany are comparative descriptions and sketches of parts of tbe
flower of this species and of L. vcrccundum ; the drawing of the lip of
L. floridum is reproduced in our plate. Brown followed Salisbury in
regarding the two species as distinct, but there are no specimens of Blctia
florida authenticated by him. In our opinion B. florida is identical with
the plant subsequently described by Hooker as B. SJiepherdii.

42. EULOPHIA R. Br.

Terrestrial herbs, with rhizome thickened into a tuber-like
pseudobulb, and stem with a few leaves. Leaves long, plaited,
many-veined, contracted into the stalk. Scapes erect from the
rhizome, tall, leafless, with several sheaths. Raceme simple ;
flowers medium-sized, shortly stalked. Bracts linear or lanceo-
late. Sepals free from each other, almost equal, the lateral
broader at the base and more or less decurrent into the foot of
the column. Petals somewhat similar to the median sepal, but
a little broader and shorter. Lip attached at the apex of the
foot of the column, forming a gibbous sac or spur between the
lateral sepals, 3-lobed, lateral lobes embracing the column, the
median rounded, spreading, with curled margin. Column erect,
produced at the base into a foot, semiterete, with acute scarcely
winged angles ; clinandrium oblique, entire. Anther terminal,
opercular, incumbent, obtusely conical, with a 2-lobed appendage,
imperfectly 2-celled. Pollinia 2 or 4, more or less connate
in pairs, broadly ovoid or globose, waxy, without appendage,
attached to a gland of the rostellum, which is broad, generally
membranous, or produced into a short thick stalk. Capsule
ellipsoidal, pendulous, without a beak, ribs thick and prominent.

Species about 180, widely diffused through the Tropics, most
numerous in Africa, and rare in Malaya, Polynesia, Australia
and Tropical America.

E. alta comb. nov. — E. Woodfordii Bolfe in Fl. Trop. Afr. vii.
68 (1897) ; Ames Orch. S. Fla. 19. Limodorum altum L. Syst. ed*
12, H. 594 (1767). Limodorum foliis nervosis lanceolatis &c. Plum.
PL Amer. (Burm.) t. 189 & Ic. ined. Hi. t. 192. Satyrium foliis
liratis &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 325. Dendrobium longifolium
H. B. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. i, 360 (1815). Cyrtopodium Wood-
fordii Sims in Bot. Mag. t, 1814 (1816); Lindl. in Bot. Beg.
t. 1508. Cyrtopera Woodfordii Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 183

EULOPHIA 113

(1833); Griseb. op. cit. 630. C. longifolia Cogn. in Fl. Bras.
Hi. pt. 5, 354, t. 76. (PL 22, f. 4-8.) Type in Herb. Linn.

Ground Coco, Wild Coco.

In wet clayey soil in shady places ; in fl. & fr. Nov.-Feb. ; P. Browne \
Parclie ; Bethabara, Wullschlaegel, 1057 bis! St. Mary, J. P. 2397, Symel
Brokenhurst, Wynne ! Clydesdale, Fawcett\ Wallenford; near Castleton;
Harris ! Christiana, Tomlinson ! Fl. Jam. 7638, 10,435. — Cuba, Florida,
Hispaniola, Porto Pico, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent,
Trinidad, Venezuela, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, West Africa.

Plant 2-4 ft. high. Leaves appearing after the flowers, three or four
at a time, very long, lanceolate, acuminate, below tapering into a long
sheath, 7-9-nerved, plaited, 3-5 dm. 1., 3-10 cm. br. Scape J-l m. 1. and
sometimes more, much longer than the leaves. Sheaths long ; free portion
triangular, obtuse or somewhat acute. Raceme somewhat laxly many-
flowered. Bracts linear-lanceolate or linear-subulate, acuminate, much
shorter than the stalked ovary, 8-13 mm. 1. Pedicels about 5 mm. 1. Ovary
about 1 cm. 1. Flowers green with brownish-green lip ; perianth f-1 in. 1.
Sepals 5-nerved, outer nerve branching, oblong to oblong-oblanceolate,
apex bluntish ; lateral oblique at apex, about 2 cm. 1., 5*5 mm. br. ;
median about 1*6 cm. 1., 4*5 mm. br. Petals with seven branching nerves,
oblong, broadening slightly upwards, obtuse, about 1*4 cm. 1., 6 mm. br.
Lip brownish-green, shaded and veined inside with purple, about 1*8 cm. 1.,
with several branching nerves ; lateral lobes short, rounded ; disk with
warty calli on nerves. Column about 9 mm. 1. to base, about 13 rnm. 1.
from apex to end of foot. Capsule 4*5 cm. 1., l-8 cm. br., pendulous.

43. GOVENIA Lindl.

Terrestrial herbs, with a rhizome sometimes thickened into
tuber-like pseudobulbs. Stems erect, with few leaves and some
stalked sheaths at the base, of which one is often inflated and
utricle-like. Leaves ample, plaited, with many veins, with a
long sheathing base. Raceme terminal on a leafy stem, simple ;
peduncle with a few sheaths near the base. Flowers medium-
sized, crowded, or at leDgth distant, very shortly stalked. Bracts
small, ovate or narrow, a little shorter than the ovary. Sepals
almost equal, connivent ; median incurved, erect ; lateral falcate
or decurved, at the base forming a short chin with the foot of
the column. Petals somewhat similar to the sepals. Lip
attached at the foot of the column, jointed, incumbent at the
base, concave, spreading at the apex, undivided. Column
incurved, broadly semiterete, winged, produced into a short foot
at the base ; clinandrium truncate. Anther terminal, opercular,
incumbent, very convex, sometimes crested on the back, 1 -celled;
pollinia 4, waxy, broadly ovate, compressed, without an appendage,
on the dehiscence of the anther attached by an oblong or broad
stalk, gland small or dilated. Capsule oblong, without a beak.

Species about 17, natives of tropical America from the West
Indies and Mexico to Brazil and Bolivia.

G. utrieulata Lindl. in Bot. Beg. xxv. Misc. 47, under no. 66
(1839) ; Book, in Bot. Mag. t. 4151 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 628.

114 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

Liruodorum utriculatum Sw. Prodr. 119 (1788). Cyrabidium
utriculatum Sw. in Nov. Act, Upsal. vi. 75 (1799) & Fl. Ind. Occ,
1477. (PI. 22, f. 1-3.) Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

In damp woods; in fl. Sept. -Dec. ; Swartzl Macfadycnl Manchester,
Purdiel Fairfield, Wullschlaegel, 1056! Priori near Cinchona, J. P. 33;
Morris ! lied Hills, J.P. 2413, Syme ! Trelawney, Miss T. M. Barrett !
Hamilton Town, Moore 1 above Mt. Hybla ; above Bridge Hill; Fawcettl
Old England; near Ewarton, 1000 ft.; Harris ! Fl. Jam. G719, 10,433.—
Cuba, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, Mexico, Venezuela.

Plant 1A-2 ft. high. Stem 3-4-5 dm. Sheaths inflated, one 10-20 cm. 1.,
2 or 3 cm. br., outer 4-8 cm. 1. ; cauline, free-portion oblong-ovate, obtuse,
2*5-5 cm. 1. Leaves one or two, blade elliptical, tapering to base and
apex, 15-25 cm. 1., 5-9 cm. br. ; the tubular sheathing base 13-18 cm. 1.
Raceme 6-14 cm. 1., laxly few- to many-flowered. Bracts linear-lanceolate,
lower floral, 1*5-2 cm. 1., upper shorter. Flowers rather more than £ in. 1.,
cream-coloured. Sepals 5-nerved ; lateral lanceolate, 12 mm. 1., 3 mm. br. ;
median oblong, shortly acuminate, about 15 mm. 1., 2-75 mm. br. Petals
6-nerved, outer nerves branching, broadly oblanceolate, acute, broader
than sepals, 14 mm. 1., 5 mm. br. Lip 5-nerved, nerves branching, ovate,
acute, very shortly clawed, 9 mm. 1., 4- 3 mm. br. Column 6 mm. 1.
Capsule 2 ■ 5 cm. 1.

44. LYCASTE Lindl.

Epiphytic herbs. Stem short, with few leaves, sheathed at
the base, becoming thickened into fleshy pseudobulbs. Leaves
ample, plaited, many-veined. Scapes erect at the sides of the
pseudobulbs, closely sheathed, with one flower, rarely two or three.
Flowers large, nodding. Sepals nearly equal, erect-spreading, the
lateral broader, forming a chin. Petals similar to the sepals but
smaller. Lip attached at the foot of the column, shorter than
the sepals ; lateral lobes erect ; the median spreading. Column
rather long, curved, semi-terete, produced at the base into a
foot ; clinandrium short. Anther terminal, opercular, incumbent,
very convex, 1 -celled ; pollinia 4, oblong or ovoid, without an
appendage, attached by a long linear stalk, gland small. Capsule
oblong or spindle-shaped, erect.

Species about 40, natives of tropical America from the West
Indies and Mexico to Peru.

L. Barringtonise Lindl. in Bot. Beg. xxx. 31isc. 43 (1844);
Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 627. Epidendrum Barringtonise Smith
Ic. pict. t. 15 (1793); Salisb. Ic. ined. fol. 579. Dendrobium
Barringtonise Sw. Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 82 (1799) ; Hook. Exot.
Fl. t. 119. Maxillaria ciliata Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1206 (1829).
M. Barringtonise Lodd. Bot, Cab. t. 1824 (1832) ; Lindl. Gen. & Sp.
Orel. 147. Type in Herb. Smith, in Linn. Soc. (PI. 23, f. 1-3.)

On rocks and trees ; in fl. April-June ; Macfayden ! Purdie ! Beaufort,
Wullschlaegel, 1062! Mt. Moses, J.P. 2328, Syme I near Radnor, Miss B.
Gosset t Content Road ; Silver Hill Woodland ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 10,392.—
Cuba.

LYCASTE 115

Plant 1-2 ft. high. Pseudobulb ellipsoidal with two or three leaves at
apex, about 8 or 9 cm. 1., 5 cm. br. Leaves long-elliptical, tapering to a
short stalk and to apex, 3-5 dm. 1., 5-12 cm. br. Scapes 8-12 cm. 1.
Brads 4-6, sheathing, loose, ovate, obtuse, uppermost nearly as long as
stalked ovary, 1*5-3 cm. 1. Floivers drooping, nearly 2 in. 1., olive-green.
Stalked ovary about 3 mm. 1. Sepals 4-4 "5 cm. 1., about l-7 cm. br.,
oblong-ovate, lateral cohering and forming a bluntly conical chin, median
narrower. Petals similar to sepals but smaller. Lip light buff in colour,
about 3 "5-4 *5 cm. 1., with a long claw broadening upwards, lateral lobes at
apex of claw, narrowly falcate ; median ovate-oblong, blunt, with fimbriate
margin, and terminating abruptly by a broad deeply furrowed callus.
Column bordered, thicker upwards, about 2 cm. 1. (to end of foot over
3 cm. 1.).

45. XYLOBIUM Lindl.

Epiphytic herbs. Stems short, with several sheaths, becoming
thickened into fleshy pseudobulbs with one or two leaves. Leaves
ample or elongate, plaited, many-veined, contracted into the
stalk. Scapes at the base of pseudobulbs, erect, simple.
Flowers in racemes, medium-sized, very shortly stalked. Bracts
linear, generally rather long. Sepals nearly equal, erect, at
length somewhat spreading ; lateral broader than the median,
adnate at the base to the foot of the column, forming a chin.
Petals similar to the median sepal but smaller. Lip somewhat
jointed with the foot of the column, sessile or contracted at the
base and incumbent, then erect ; lateral lobes or sides erect,
embracing the column ; the median lobe or upper portion short,
broad, spreading ; the face lamellate or callose. Column erect,
semi-terete, anteriorly concave or narrowly 2-winged, produced at
the base into a foot ; clinandrium obliquely truncate. Anther
terminal, opercular, incumbent, very convex, 1 -celled ; pollinia 4,
ovoid, without an appendage, on the dehiscence of the anther
attached to a stalk which is sometimes rather long ; gland
transverse, scale-like. Capsule oblong, erect.

Species about 12, natives of tropical America.

Pseudobulb with one leaf 1. X. 'palmifolium.

Pseudobulb with two leaves 2. X. stachyobiorum.

1. X. palmifolium Fawc. Fl. PI Jam. 39 (1893); flowers
about | in. 1., lateral sepals only slightly keeled at back, lip
entire. — Epidendrum palmifolium Siv. Prodr. 123 (1788). Den-
drobium palmifolium Sw. in Nov. Act. JJpsal. vi. 82 (1799) <fc Fl.
Ind. Occ. 1527. Maxillaria decolor Lindl. in Bot. Peg. t. 1549
(1832); Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 3981. M. palmifolia Lindl.
Gen. & Sp. Orch. 148 (1832); Griseb. op. cit. 627. (PI. 23,
f. 4-7.) Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trees and rocks ; in fl. Sept. ; Swartz ! Mt. Moses, 2500 ft., J.P. 2315,
Syme ! Trelawney, Miss T. M. Barrett. — Cuba.

Plant over 1 ft. high. Pseudobulb cylindrical-ovate, 5 "5-7* 5 cm. 1.,
with one leaf. Leaves (generally) broadly lanceolate, blade 26-42 cm. 1.,

I 2

116 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

2-7-8 cm. br. Scape laxly few-flowered, about 10 cm. 1. Bracts, sterile
sheathing, ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate, 3-3 '5 cm. 1. ; floral linear,
acuminate, 2-5-3 cm. 1. Flowers yellowish-white, sweet-scented. Pedicels
about '5 cm. 1. Ovary about 1*8 cm. 1. Sepals 7-nerved ; median oblong,
tapering towards an acute apex, 1*8 cm. 1., 5 mm. br. ; lateral very oblique
and broad at base, falcately triangular-lanceolate, 2*2 cm. 1., 9 mm. br.
Petals 5-nerved, linear-oblong, tapering to apex, about 1*4 cm. 1., about
3*5 mm. br. Lip white, about 15-nerved, outline obovate-oblong, about
1*6 cm. 1., about 9 mm. br. ; terminal portion fleshy, warty, retuse,
4 mm. 1., 7 mm. br. ; sides incurved above, margin crisped ; disk with four
or Ave median nerves thickened, extending beyond the middle of the disk.
Column (from apex to end of foot) 1*4 cm. 1.

2. X. staehyobiorum Hemsl. in Biol, Centr. Amer. Bot. Hi. 252
(1883) ; flowers rather more than -| in. 1., lateral sepals with
broad keel extending beyond apex, lip 3-lobed above. — Maxillaria
staehyobiorum Beichb. f. in Bot. Zeit. x. 735 (1852).

On peaty banks; in fl. Jan.-March; near Castleton, Fawcettl Silver
Hill, 3500 ft., Harris ! — Nicaragua, Panama.

Plant over 1 ft. high. Pseudobulb large, ovate, compressed, 5 -5-6 cm.
1., with two leaves. Leaves lanceolate to oblanceolate, acute or acuminate,
narrowed into the stalk, 30-45 cm. 1., 5-6 cm. br. Scape laxly many-
flowered, 14-17 cm. 1. Bracts, sterile sheathing, ovate-oblong, acute or
acuminate, about 3 cm. 1. ; floral subulate, about 1*5 cm. 1. Flowers cream-
coloured, irregularly speckled with brown. Pedicels 4-5 mm. 1. Ovary about

I cm. 1. Sepals 5-nerved with less well-marked intermediate nerves, median
oblong-ovate, shortly acuminate, 14 mm. 1., about 4 mm. br. ; lateral
oblong-ovate, tapering and keeled towards apex, 15 mm. L, 5*5 mm. br.
Petals 5-nerved, oblong-lanceolate, apex somewhat acute and fleshy, falcate,

II mm. 1., 3*5 mm. br. Lip with seven branching nerves, broadly oblong,
11 mm. 1., 7 mm. br., shallowly 3-lobed above, lateral lobes rounded,
terminal fleshy, broader than long, rounded, larger than lateral lobes ;
disk with the three or five median nerves elevated. Column (from apex
to end of foot) nearly 1 cm. 1. Capsule 2*5 cm. 1.

46. ZYGOPETALUM Hook.

Epiphytic herbs, stemless, leafy. Leaves membranous, with
numerous prominent veins, plaited. Scapes 1 -flowered. Sepals
nearly equal, spreading, free or scarcely very shortly connected
at the base, lateral attached to the short foot of the column.
Petals similar to the sepals. Lip attached to the foot of the column,
forming with it a very short chin ; lateral lobes erect, embracing
the column ; median lobe generally broad ; disk with a trans-
verse crest generally very prominent, fleshy. Column incurved,
semiterete, produced at the base into a short foot ; clinandrium
oblique, entire, or membranous and hooded with fimbriate
margin. Anther opercular, incumbent, 2-celled ; pollinia 4,
obovoid, segregated in pairs in the cells, without an appendage.
Capsule ovoid or oblong, without a beak.

Species about 90, natives of warmer America from the West
Indies and Central America to Brazil.

ZYGOPETALUM 117

Z. flabelliforme Beiclib. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 652 (1S61). —
Z. cochleare Lindl. in Bot, Beg. t. 1857 (1836); Hook, in Bot.
Mag. t. 3585; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 629 (excl. distr.).
Epidendrum flabelliforme Sw. Prodr. 123 (1788) & Ic. hied,
t. 45. Cymbidium flabelliforme Sw. in Nov. Act. TJpsal. vi. 73
(1799) & Fl, Ind. Occ. 1471. (PI. 23, f. 17-19.) Type in Herb.
Mus. Brit.

On trees; in fl. Oct .-March; mountains, Swartz\ Manchester, Purdie\
St. Andrew and St. Mary, J.P. 2099, Morris I Spanish River, Watt I St.
Ann, Miss T. M. Barrett ! Cedar Hurst, Moore ! Clydesdale, 3500 ft. ;
Dollwood; Silver HiU Woodland; Catherine's Peak, 5000 ft.; Moody's
Gap, 3000 ft. ; above Hope Mines, 900 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7576, 7736,
7808.

Plant 8r-12 in. high. Leaves oblanceolate to narrowly oblong, abruptly
acute, tapering below into a sheathing stalk with which the blade is
jointed, 12-30 cm. 1., 2-5-4-2 cm. br. Sheaths below leaves, 3-6 cm. 1.
Scape from the axils of the outer leaves, erect, 3-10 cm. 1. Bracts several
afc and just above base of scape, and two at base of flower, spathe-like,
1-2 cm. 1. Ovary white, curved, 2-3 cm. 1. (pedicel forming about one-
third). Flowers white with blue lip, with fragrance like lily-of -the- valley,
perianth 1-1J in. 1. Sepals oblong or oblong-lanceolate, greenish-white,
3-3-5 cm. 1., 9-10 mm. br. Petals similar and slightly smaller. Lip very
large, somewhat square in outline when flattened, with a small short
claw, at base broad, cordate, ventricose, margin involute and curled, apex
emarginate ; at the base within is a large lunate fleshy depressed crest,
lobed and crenated, marked with purple lines continued into disk ; 2*5-3
crn. 1. and br. Column short, with two small wings above, white streaked
with red in front, 1 cm. 1. Capsule cylindrical, 4-5 cm. L, 10-13 mm. br.

47. BULB0PHYLLUM Thou.

Epiphytic herbs. Stem more or less covered with scarious
sheaths. Pseudobulbs sessile at the axils of the sheaths, bearing
one or two leaves at the apex. Flowering scapes at the sides of
the pseudobulbs, leafless, simple, with numerous sheaths at
intervals. Flowers minute, numerous on a terminal spike.
Bracts small. Median sepal free, erect or spreading, about as
long as the lateral ; lateral at the base obliquely dilated, and
adnate to the foot of the column, above spreading, free, or connate
somewhat high up. Petals shorter than the sepals. Lip on the
upper side of flower, contracted at the base, jointed with the
foot of the column, or mobile, incumbent on the foot ; entire or
plumose-ciliate, recurved, often variously thickened. Column
erect, generally short, produced at the base into a rather Jong
foot, 2-winged above ; clinandrium short, posteriorly often
produced into a tooth which bears the anther, anteriorly
2-armed, 2-toobhed or 2-angled, and sometimes the wings of the
column below the arms appendaged on both sides with a some-
what small tooth. Anther terminal, opercular, incumbent,
flattish-hemispherical or obtusely conical, generally 2-celled ;
pollinia waxy, normally four, segregated in pairs in the cells,

118 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

sometimes one pair very small or wanting, without an appendage,
or more rarely cohering by a small, subgranular viscid body.
Capsule globose, ovoid or oblong, not beaked.

Species about 550, scattered for the most part through the
tropical regions of Africa and Asia, very few in West Indies,
South America or Australia, one in New Zealand.

Flower-stalk not swollen, petals ciliate 1. B. jamaicensc.

Flower-stalk swollen, petals glabrous 2. B. paehyrrhaehis.

1. B. jamaieense Cogn. in Fedde Bepert. vii. 122(1909);
with flowering-stalk not swollen, petals ciliate, lip pilose below.
(PI. 23, f. 8-14.)

On trees ; in fl. and fr. March ; near Tweedside, south St. Andrew,
2500 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7998.

Plant 4 in. high. Pseudobulbs small, densely clustered, globose,
1-leaved, 6-8 mm. 1. Leaves leathery, oblong-lanceolate, acute, l-3£ cm. 1.,
4-8 mm. br. Scape 6-10 cm. 1., much longer than the leaf, very slender,
with a few short (5-6 mm. 1.) obtuse sheaths at intervals ; the upper
portion (2-3 cm. 1.) a spike with slender rachis. Flowers reddish, few
(4-10), lax, small, £-| in. 1. Bracts ovate, acute, 2-3 mm. 1., about as long
as ovary. Sepals 3-nerved ; median concave, ovate, acute, 4*5-5 mm. 1.,
2 mm. br. ; lateral connate nearly to apex, elliptical, 5 mm. 1., 3 mm. br.
Petals 1-nerved, linear, tapering to an acute apex, ciliate, 3-4 mm. 1.,
•7-1 mm. br. Lip shortly clawed, somewhat thick, oblong-elliptical, with
sides recurved, obtuse, papillose, pilose below, 3 mm. 1. Column very
short, '5 mm. 1., posterior tooth short, bristle-like, lateral subulate, erect,
as long as column, branching at apex. Capsule obovoid, 5-6 mm. 1.

2. B. paehyrrhaehis Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Incl. 613 (1864);
flowering-stalk swollen, petals and lip glabrous. — Cogn. in Sijmb.
Ant. iv. 179. Pleurothallis ? pachyrachis A. Bich. Fl. Cub.
ii. 234 (1853), Ic. t. 74 (1863). Bolbophyllaria paehyrrhaehis
Beichb.f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 241 (1861). (PI. 23, f. 15, 16.)

On trees; hi fl. and fr. Jan. ; St. Elizabeth, J.P. 525, Syme ! Belvedere,
Hanover, Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7634. — Cuba, Porto Rico, Trinidad.

Plant 4-18 in. high. Pseudobulbs with two or more scarious sheaths,
on a creeping rhizome, ovoid-conical, 4-winged, 2-leaved, 5-2 cm. 1.
Leaves somewhat leathery, ligulate, obtuse, 7-19 cm. 1., 8-23 mm. br.
Scape 10-45 cm. 1., much longer than the leaves, with short (8-10 mm. 1.)
obtuse sheaths at intervals ; the upper portion (5-30 cm. 1.) a spike with
more or less swollen and fleshy rachis. Flowers many, lax, small,
\-\ in. 1. Bracts very broad at the clasping base, triangular, obtuse,
3-4 mm. 1., a little shorter than the flower; two, ovate, acute, at apex of
ovary, 1 mm. 1. Sepals 3-nerved, median concave, ovate, very acute,
4'5-5 mm. 1.; lateral connate at base, ovate, acuminate, 4-3-5 mm. 1.,
1-5-2 mm. br. Petals 1-nerved, oblong-elliptical, obtuse, 1-75-2 mm. 1.,
•9-1-2 mm. br. Lip thick and fleshy, 3-angled in section, undivided,
with a very thick, 3-angled claw, disk at right angles to claw, oblong-
elliptical, obtuse, margin entire and glabrous, slightly keeled at back but
not serrate, disk with a longitudinal furrow in the middle; claw about
1 mm. 1., disk 2-2 • 4 mm. 1. Column short, posterior tooth small, lateral
teeth longer, subulate, slightly incurved, shorter than the petals,
1-5-1-75 mm. 1. Capsule ellipsoidal, with six broad keels, 8 mm. 1.,
5 mm. br.

MAXILLARIA 119

48. MAXILLARIA Ruiz & Pavon.

Epiphytic herbs. Stems sometimes very short on the rhizome
becoming thickened into a fleshy pseudobulb with one or two
leaves, sometimes elongated at the apex of the rhizome with the
leaves close together in two ranks. Leaves leathery, thin or
somewhat fleshy, veins thin except the central nerve. Scapes or
peduncles at the base of the pseudobulbs or in axils ot the
leaves, solitary, with two to numerous sheaths, always 1-flowered.
Flowers large or medium-sized. Sepals nearly equal, free
amongst themselves, lateral adnate at the base to the foot of
the column, generally forming a chin, not very prominent,
spreading or more rarely somewhat erect. Petals similar to the
sepals or sometimes smaller. Lip concave, erect at the apex of
the foot of the column with a very short inflexed claw ; lateral
lobes erect, median ovate-oblong spreading, shorter than the
sepals ; disk with a tubercle or naked. Column with a short
foot, erect, often slightly incurved, thick, semiterete, not winged,
anteriorly concave ; clinandrium somewhat thick, concave, entire.
Anther terminal, opercular, incumbent, conical or semiglobose,
1 -celled or imperfectly 2-celled, often pubescent ; pollinia 4,
ovate, compressed, without an appendage, on the dehiscence of
the anther attached by a flat, short stalk, with a scale-like
gland. Capsule ovoid or obovoid-oblong, erect, not beaked.

Species about 240, natives of tropical America from the
West Indies and Mexico to Brazil.

Pseudobulbs conspicuous.

Pseudobulbs clustered, ovoid-cylindrical, with

membranous sheaths 1. M. rufescens.

Pseudobulbs distant, ellipsoidal-compressed, with

hard bases of foliaceous sheaths 2. M. alba.

Pseudobulbs poorly developed and inconspicuous,

bases of leaves thickened 3. M. sessilis.

1. M. rufescens Lindl. in Bot. Beg. under t. 1802 (1835)
& t. 1848; pseudobulbs clustered, ovoid-cylindrical, with
membranous sheaths ; lip yellow with numerous purple spots,
distinctly 3-lobed, lateral lobes springing from a little below
middle of lip, triangular-falcate, subacute, terminal lobe much
larger, broadly oblong, emarginate, disk with an oblong callus
half length of lip. — Beichb. f. in Saund. Bef. Bot. ii. under t. 79
& t. 133 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 626 ; Cogn. in Fl. Bras. Hi.
pt. 6,12. (PI. 25, f. 13-16.)

On trees; in fl. May; cult, in Hope Gardens from plant collected at
Lancaster, Harris, drawing by Miss H. Wood ! — Trinidad, Costa Rica,
Colombia, Venezuela, B. Guiana, Brazil.

Plant 6-8 in. high. Stem, primary almost obsolete. Pseudobulbs

120 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

3-3*5 cm. L, 1-5 cm.br., at first covered with three or more scarious
membranous sheaths (to 3 cm. 1.) with one leaf at apex. Leaves ligulate,
shortly complicate at base, apex somewhat abruptly acute, 14-18 cm. 1.,
2 cm. br. Peduncles 2-3 cm. 1., several, 1-flowered, with scarious sheaths
at base ; pedicel shorter than peduncle or ovary, with one sheathing
bract (18 mm. 1.). Flowers creamy-yellow, perianth nearly 1 in. 1. Ovary
and pedicel together 3 cm. 1. Septals oblong, about 2 cm. 1., lateral
spreading. Petals somewhat oblong, nearly as long as median sepal.
Lip nearly as long as sepals.

Var. minor Faioc. & Bendle in Journ. Bot. xlviii. 108 (1910) ;
flowers about half the size ; disk of lip with a linear-tapering
deep crimson callus ^ length of lip, and two nerves on each side.
(PI. 25, f. 17-19.)

On trees and rocks; in fl. Aug.-Nov. ; Mt. Moses, 2500 ft., J.P. 2009,
Symel Mabess River, 3000 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7615.— Cuba, tropical
America.

Pedicel with one sheathing bract (7-8 mm. 1.). Flowers, perianth
§ in. 1. Sepals 1-1*3 cm. 1., 4*5 mm. br.

2. M. alba Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 143 (1832) ; pseudobulbs
distant, ellipsoidal, compressed, with hard bases of foliaceous
sheaths * lip somewhat fleshy, elliptical, indistinctly 3-lobed,
terminal lobe oblong-ovate, slightly hooded and thickened at
apex, callus extending from base to beyond the middle. —
Griseb. op. eit. 626. Dendrobium album Hoolc. Exot. Fl. t. 142
(1823-1827). (PI. 25, f. 1-6.)

On trees and banks ; in fl. Aug.-March ; Sloane Herb. iv. 116* & Ic !
Wiles ! March ! near Cedarhurst ; Mt. Moses ; J.P. 465 ; Morris 1
Trelawney, Miss T. M. Barrett I Lancaster, 2500 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam.
7209. — Cuba, Trinidad, Guatemala, B. Guiana, Surinam, Brazil.

Stem stout, 7 cm. and more long. Pseudobulbs to 4 or 5 cm. 1.,
covered at first with several sheaths, with one leaf at apex. Sheaths
in two ranks, imbricate, the outer triangular, acute, short, the inner
becoming gradually foliaceous. Leaves ligulate, obliquely and slightly
emarginate, to 2*5 dm. and more, 1-5-2 cm. br. Peduncles several, solitary
in the axil of a sheath, 1-flowered, bearing several two-ranked scarious
narrow acuminate bracts. Flowers, perianth rather more than § in. 1.,
white. Ovary with pedicel (if any) 2-3 cm. 1. Sepals somewhat leathery,
9-nerved, oblong-ligulate, acuminate, about 2 cm. 1., nearly 5 mm. br.
Petals 9-nerved, oblong-elliptical, somewhat acute, 1*6 cm. 1., 4 mm. br.
Lip 1*1-1*2 cm. 1., 4*5 mm. br. Column 8*5 mm. 1. Capsule cylindrical-
tapering, 3 cm. 1., bearing the hard persistent column.

3. M. sessilis comb. nov. ; pseudobulbs poorly developed and
inconspicuous, bases of leaves thickened ; lip somewhat fleshy,
elliptical, with a narrow terminal portion, obtuse, and with a
broad thickened margin, disk with a broad densely tomentose
band along the central line to the apex. — M. crassifolia Beiclib. f.
Bonpl. ii. 16 (1854) * Griseb. op. eit. 626. Epidendrum sessile Sw.
Prodr. 122 (1788). Heterotaxis crassifolia Lindl. in Bot. Beg.

MAXILLARIA 121

t. 1028 (1826) ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1651. Dicrypta Baueri Lindl.
Gen. & Sp. Orch. 44 & 152 (1830 & 1832); Bauer & Lindl. Ill
Orck, Gen. t. 5. (PI. 25, f. 7-12.) Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On rocks and trees ; in fl. Aug.-March ; Swartz ! McNab ! Petersfield,
St. Mary, Purdiel Springfield, Wullschlaegel, 1087a! Wag Water R.,
J.P. 2 & 2399, Morris ! & Syme ! Trelawney, Miss T. M. Barrett ! Belvedere,
Hanover, 500 ft. ; Newcastle Road, 1500 ft. ; Tweedside, south St. Andrew,
2500 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7681, 7841, 9006.— Cuba, Costa Rica, Mexico,
Venezuela, Brazil.

Plant 10-14 in. high. Stem very short, almost obsolete, buds springing
from base of old plant. Pseudobulbs oblong, much compressed, with one
leaf at apex, 2*5 cm. L, l-5 cm. br. Leaves radical (except one at apex of
pseudobulb), in two ranks, 3-edged, complicate below, sheathing and much
thickened at base, jointed above the sheath, the outer lower leaves with
very shortly developed blade ; blade of inner leaves ligulate, oblique at apex
and with a very short curved apiculus, keeled, 18-29 cm. 1., 17-26 mm. br.
Peduncles 8 or 9 mm. L, several, two or three in a cluster from the axil of
each leaf and enclosed by its sheath, each cluster enclosed by three or four
scarious bracts, about 1*5 cm. 1. ; each peduncle with three sheathing
bracts from base ; pedicel as long as peduncle, solitary, 1-flowered, with
one sheathing bract. Sepals leathery, oblong, tapering to a thickened and
slightly hooded apex; lateral 1*5 cm. 1., 5 mm. br. ; median concave,
1*4 cm. 1., 5 mm. br. Petals somewhat fleshy, oblanceolate, somewhat
acute, 1*25 cm. 1., about 3 mm. br. Lip 1*2 cm. L, 4- 5 mm. br. Column
8 mm. 1. Capsule ellipsoidal with six broad keels and furrows, 2- 3 cm. 1.

49. NEO-URBANIA Fawc. t Rendle.

Herb, on trees or procumbent on shady stony banks, with
long leafy branching stems, the lower internodes rooting.
Leaves alternate, narrow, wTith persistent tightly adpressed
sheathing stalks. Flowers stalked, rather small, few, clustered
in the axils of the leaves. Sepals nearly equal in length and
breadth, connivent, median free, lateral adnate to the foot of
the column, forming a chin under the lip. Petals similar to the
sepals. Lip 3-lobed, jointed to the foot of the column, and
incumbent on it, the lateral lobes above the base curved in
towards the column, the blade oval, recurved-spreading. Column
very short, erect, not winged, produced at the base into a long
foot ; clinandrium slightly concave, entire, the median line
raised, and ending in the slightly pointed rostellum ; anther
terminal, opercular, incumbent, hooded, 2-celled ; pollinia 4,
waxy, pyriform, equal, compressed laterally, collateral in pairs
in the cells, not appendiculate, free. Capsule long, oblong,
shortly beaked.

Differs from Ponera in its free simple pollinia and axillary
flowers ; from Pleuranthium in the lip, which is free from and
attached to the foot of the column, and in the pollinia ; from
Camaridium in habit, in character of the pollinia (absence of
gland and stipes), and in the connivent perianth.

122 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Ignatius Urban in recognition
especially of his work on the botany of the West Indies.
Species 1, a native of Jamaica and Cuba.

N. adendrobium Fawc. & Handle in Joum. Bot. xlvii. 125 (1909).
Ponera adendrobium Reichb. f. in Flora xlviii. 278 (1865) ;
under Pleuranthium Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. PL Hi. 526 (1883);
Camaridium parviflorum Faivc. in Symb. Ant. i. 472 (1900). (PI. 24.)

In fl. and fr. Sept. -March ; near Cedar Hurst (high up on trees),
J. P. 480, Morris ! Lancaster, 2500 ft. (on stony banks under shade) ; Harris !
Fl. Jam. 7650, 7696, 7874.— Cuba.

Plant several feet in length ; internodes 2-4 cm. 1. Leaves linear-
lanceolate, subacuminate, 12-15 cm. 1., 2 cm. br. Peduncle 7 mm. 1.
Pedicel 7*5 mm. 1. Bracts scarious, the one subtending the cluster,
1 • 1 cm. 1. ; that at the base of the peduncle 1 cm. 1. ; that at the base of
the pedicel 8 mm. 1. ; bracteole below the ovary 1*3 mm. 1. Ovary 8mm. 1.
Flowers white, perianth about \ in. 1. Sepals 5-5 mm. I., subacuminate,
median oblong, lateral oblong-elliptical. Petals 5 mm. 1., oblong, acumi-
nate, 3-nerved. Lip middle lobe, 3 mm. 1., nearly 3 mm. br., margin
undulate, apex emarginate ; disk at the base with two calli, 1-nerved, at
the back 3-nerved, callose at the base, and with a thick apiculus below
the apex. Column 2 mm. 1. ; foot 2 mm. 1. Capsule (unripe) 1*6 cm. 1.,
with slightly prominent ribs.

50. ORNITHIDIUM Salisb.

Epiphytic herbs. Stems leafy, covered with overlapping
sheaths in two ranks, and emitting here and there lateral or sub-
lateral 1-2-leaved pseudobulbs. Leaves thinly leathery, in
0. vestitum only from pseudobulb, elongate, in 0. proliferum short,
those from stem, in two ranks, jointed with the sheath.
Peduncles 1 -flowered, clustered at the axils. Flowers small.
Sepals about equal, free, erect or spreading, acute, the lateral
scarcely forming at the base a very short chin. Petals similar
to the sepals but smaller. Lip sometimes erect from the base of
the column with which it is continuous or very shortly connate,
sometimes attached at the apex of the very short foot, erect
from a claw which is very shortly horizontal ; lateral lobes erect,
parallel, often embracing the column, the median spreading,
undivided. Column short or a little elongated, thick, without a
foot or with a very short foot, not winged ; clinandrium obliquely
truncate. Anther terminal, opercular, incumbent, helmet-like,
imperfectly 2-celled ; pollinia 4, waxy, ovoid, sometimes free,
sometimes attached to a linear stalk, with a small gland.
Capsule oblong-ellipsoidal.

Species about 44, natives of tropical America from the West
Indies and Mexico to Brazil.

Leaves, one on each pseudobulb, none on stem 1. O. vestitum.

Leaves, two on each pseudobulb, in two ranks on stem 2. O.proliferum.

1. 0. vestitum Beichb. f. in Walp. Ann. Bot. vi. 491 (1863) ;
Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 625 ; Cogn. in Fl. Bras, iii.pt. 6, 95 (in part).

ORNITHIDIUM 123

EpideDdnim vestitum Sw. Prodr. 124 (1788). Cymbidium
vestitum Sw. in Nov. Act. Ups. vi. 70 (1779) &FI. Ind. Occ. 1448 ;
Lindl Gen. & Sp. Orch. 168. (PI. 26, f. 1-4.)

On trees, and rocks among peat ; in fl. and fr. Aug.-March ; " Jamaica
temperatioris," Swartz \ Radnor, Purdiel Springfield, Wullschlaegel, 1088 !
J.P. 24, Morris ! Trelawney, Miss T. M. Barrett I Moneague, Lady Blakel
Ellen Aire, Moy Hall, Sullivan ! Cold Spring, Moore ! Shooters Hill,
Manchester, Scharschmidt ! Cinchona, 5000 ft. ; Lancaster, 2500 ft. ; Mabess
River, 3900 ft. ; Vinegar Hill, 3900 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7210, 7567, 7654,
7839, 9008, 9552, 10,100.— Cuba, Venezuela, Surinam, Brazil, Peru.

Stem to 3 dm. 1., branching, decumbent and rooting, covered with
•scales, which are triangular-ovate, acute, sheathing at base, imbricating,
■dry and becoming scarious, 1-1*5 cm. 1. Pseudobulbs oblong-ellipsoidal,
compressed, 1-leaved, 2 to nearly 3 cm. I. Leaves lanceolate-ligulate, apex
acute or obtuse, shortly attenuated at the base, middle nerve prominent
helow, 1-2 dm. 1., 1*5-2 cm. br. Peduncles clustered in the sheathing
scales of the stem just below each pseudobulb, many-jointed, with a
■sheathing, spathaceous bract at each node. Sepals, lateral 5-nerved,
broadly elliptical, apex acute, thickened, 5 mm. 1., 3 mm. br. ; median
7-nerved, elliptical, apex with a thickened apiculus, 5*5 mm. 1., 2*4 mm.
br. Petals 5-nerved, broadly lanceolate, acute, 4*5 mm. 1., 1*8 mm. br.
Lip broadly 3-lobed, clawed, lateral lobes rounded, median larger than
lateral, shortly ovate, thickened at the apex with a dorsal apiculus,
4 rnm. 1. Column 1*75 mm. 1. Capsule smooth, 1 cm. 1.

2. 0. proliferum comb. nov. Epidendrum proliferum Sw.
Prodr. 124 (1788) & Ic. ined. t. 47. Cymbidium proliferum
Sw. in Nov. Act. TJpsal. vi. 71 (1799) & Fl. Ind. Occ. 1450. Isochilus
prolifer B. Br. in Ait. Eort. Kew. v. 209 (1813), non. Lindl. in
Bot. Beg. t, 825 (Scaphy glottis prolifera Cogn.). (PL 26, f. 5-7.)
Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On rocks and trees, amongst moss ; in fl. and fr. Dec. ; " mont. Liguan.
nov.," Sivartz ! near Cedar Hurst, J.P. 2121, Syme ! Harris ! Lancaster,
Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7566.

Stem "5-2 dm. 1., decumbent and rooting below. Pseudobulbs obovate-
ellipsoidal, compressed, 2-leaved, 1*5-2 cm. 1. Leaves lanceolate-oblong or
oblong, apex obliquely emarginate, apiculate, middle nerve prominent below,
those on pseudobulbs narrowed at base, those on stems jointed to strongly
compressed sheath, 1-5-2-5 cm. 1., 4-7 mm. br. Sheaths slightly keeled.
Peduncles 7 mm. 1., 1-flowered, with three sterile bracts at base ; pedicel
very short, with one floral bract. Flowers purple, perianth J in. 1. Ovary
cylindrical, 6-furrowed, very long. Sepals with three strong nerves and
four faintly indicated, slightly keeled, obtuse, 8 mm. 1., 3 mm. br. ; lateral
ovate-oblong ; median elliptical. Petals 3-nerved, elliptical-oblong, obtuse,
7 mm. 1., 2 mm. br. Lip similar to petals, erect, purple. Column with
a short foot, 5 mm. 1. Capsule elongate, balf-concealed by the sheaths,
narrowly spindle-shaped, 6-furrowed, 1-5 cm. 1.

O. coccineum Salisb. is quoted by Grisebach as coming from Jamaica on
the authority of Swartz, but we have seen no specimen from Swartz nor
any citation of it by him.

51. MACRADENIA R. Br.

Small herbs. Pseudobulbs with one leaf at apex and scarious
sheaths at base. Leaves flat, fleshy or leathery. Peduncles short,
from base of pseudobulb. Racemes nodding or reflexed, lax.

124 ORCHIDS OF • JAMAICA

Flowers medium-sized. Bracts small. Sepals equal, free, some-
what spreading. Petals a little smaller. Lip continuous with
the base of the column, erect ; lateral lobes broad, erect,
embracing the column, the median spreading. Column erect,
not winged, without a foot, furrowed in front, terminated by a
thin erect or slightly inclined rostellum ; clinandrium behind
the rostellum. Anther erect in the bottom of the clinandrium,
oblong, produced into a long membranous appendage embracing
the rostellum ; pollinia 2, waxy, ovoid, distinct, without an
appendage, attached to the dilated apex of a long, very narrow
stipes, gland small, ovate. Capsule ellipsoidal, tapering to base,
shortly beaked.

Species 13, natives of the West Indies, Florida, Guatemala
and Surinam.

M. luteseens B. Br. in Bot. Beg. t. 612 (1822); Lindl. Gen.
& Sp. Orch. 195 ; Beichb. Fl Exot. t. 117 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind.
635 ; Bolfe in Orch. Bev. iv. 357 (excl. syn.) ; Cogn. in Fl. Bras.
Hi. pt. 6, 111 ; Ames Orch. S. Fla. 20, t. 11. Rhyncadenia
cubensis A. Bich. Fl. Cub. t. 85 (1853). (PI. 27, f. 7-10.)

On trees; in fl. Nov.-Jan., in fr. Jan.; near Castleton, J. P. 1, 2388,
Morris ! Syme ! Campbell ! Blue Mts. Mrs. Maclaverty ! Belvedere,
Hanover, Harris ! FL Jam. 7679. — Cuba, Florida, Trinidad, Colombia,
Venezuela.

Plant 5-8 in. high. Pseudobulbs slender, narrowly ovoid-cylindrical,
2-5 cm, 1., 5-10 mm. br. Leaf oblong-lanceolate, acute, slightly tapering
at base, 10-15 cm. 1., 1*5-3 cm. br. Peduncle shorter than the leaf,
sometimes drooping, with a few sheathing acuminate bracts below
(1 cm. 1.). Pedicels with ovary I- 5-2 cm. 1., of fruit *8-l cm. 1. Bracts
triangular, acute, much shorter than ovary, 3-5 mm. 1. Flowers 4-9,
dingy yellow with brown or purplish blotches on the inside, shortly
stalked, perianth nearly ^ in. 1., sometimes longer. Sepals membranous,
lateral 5-6-nerved, elliptical-lanceolate, acute, somewhat falcate, 1 cm. 1.,
3 mm. br. ; median 7-nerved, very concave, elliptical, acute, 1*1 cm. 1.
Petals similar to sepals, but 5-7-nerved, elliptical-oblong, acute, somewhat
falcate, 9 mm. 1., nearly 3 mm. br. Lip roundish-obovate in outline
below, 5 mm. 1., 6 mm. br., with a narrow reflexed, terminal lobe ; disk
with three keels along centre as far as base of terminal lobe, and four nerves
on each side; terminal lobe linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved, narrower at base
than above, margin revolute, 4 mm. 1., 1*5 mm. br. Column thicker
above, 4*5 mm. 1., 2 mm. br. above; rostellum linear, about 1*2 mm. 1. ;
clinandrium membranous, cup-shaped, with the margin irregularly
toothed. Anther shortly and imperfectly 2-celled.

52. IONOPSIS H. B. & K.

Epiphytic herbs. Stems leafy, very short, without pseudo-
bulbs. Leaves few, narrow, leathery ; sheaths persistent, over-
lapping, in two ranks. Peduncles 1-3, lateral or subterminal,
elongated, thin, rigid, with few sheaths. Racemes slender, lax,
simple or branching. Flowers medium-sized, with somewhat

ioxopsis 125

long stalks. Bracts very small. Sepals of nearly equal length,
erect or spreading at the apex ; median free, the lateral quite at
the base under the lip connate into a short sac. Petals similar
to the median sepal but wider. Lip attached to the base of the
column, large, expanded, clawed, the claw bearing two pairs of
flat calli, broadening above. Column short, erect, thick,
anteriorly concave, not winged, without a foot ; clinandrium
short, truncate. Anther terminal, opercular, incumbent, semi-
globose, 1 -celled or imperfectly 2-celled, anteriorly shortly
produced ; pollinia 2, waxy, obovoid-subglobose, without an
appendage, attached to a linear stalk, gland scale-like. Capsule
oblong or ovoid, Avithout a beak or with only a short one.

Species 9, natives of tropical America from the West Indies
and Mexico to Brazil and Peru.

Lip 2-lobed, much longer than the sepals ;

leaves flat 1. I. utrieularioides.

Lip entire, scarcely longer than sepals;

leaves terete 2. I. satyrioides.

1. I. utrieularioides Lindl. Coll. Bot. t. 39 A. (1825); leaves
flat, linear-ligulate ; lip twice as long as sepals. — Lindl. Fol.
Orch. Ionops. 2 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 636 ; Cogn. in Symb.
Ant. iv. 180. I. tenera Lindl. in Bot. Beg. 1. 1904 (1836), inPaxt.
Fl. Gard. ii. 13, /. 14, & Fol. Orch. Ionops. 2. Epidendrum
utrieularioides Sw. Brodr. 122 (1788). Dendrobium utrieula-
rioides Sw. in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 83 (1799) & Fl. Ind. Occ. 1531.
(PI. 27, f. 4-6.) Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trees; in fl. Jan.-June ; Sivartzl Wrightl Shakespearl Masson !
Wag Water River, St. Mary, J. P. 2284, Morris ! Syme ! Manchester ;
Mona, St. Andrew, 700 ft. ; Belvedere, Hanover, 500 ft. ; Harris ! PL Jam.
7635. — Cuba, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, Martinique, St. Vincent, Trinidad,
Guatemala, Mexico, Brazil, Peru.

Plant 7 in. to nearly 2 ft. high, occasionally with minute pseudo-
bulbs. Leaves leathery, jointed to the sheathing base, 5-12 cm. 1.,
5-12 mm. br., with a few scarious sheaths on the rhizome below the
leaves. Panicle 20-50 cm. 1., much longer than the leaf, with a few
distant adpressed sheaths (5-7 mm. 1.). Bracts minute, triangular, acute,
1*5-2 mm. 1. Flowers white or pale rose-colour, variegated or with purple
veins ; perianth about J in. 1., lip over J in. 1. Sepals 3-nerved ; lateral
broadly lanceolate, acute, united at base into a very short simple obtuse
sac, 6 mm. 1., 2 mm. br. ; median oblong, obtuse, 4*5 mm. 1., 2 mm. br.
Petals 3-nerved, oblong, obtuse, very shortly apiculate, 4*5 mm. 1.,
2 mm. br. Lip 2-lobed above, tapering below to base, with 2 pairs of
wing-like calli on the narrow base opposite the column, the lower pair
larger and less fleshy than the upper, 10-13 mm. 1., and as broad or
broader. Column very short, 2 mm. 1. Capsule ellipsoidal, beaked,
2 cm. 1., 7 mm. br.

2. I. satyrioides Beicltb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. 683 (1861) ;
leaves terete, subulate ; lip a little longer than sepals. —
I. testiculata Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 193 (1833) & Fol. Orch.

126 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

Ionops. 1 ; Griseh. Joe. cit. I. teres Lindl. in Bot. Beg. xxiv.
Misc. 181 (1838), & Fol. Orcli. Ionops. 2. Epidendrum satyrioides
Sw. Prodr. 123 (1788). Dendrobium testiculatum Sic in Nov.
Act. Upsal w. 83 (1799) & Fl. Ind. Occ. 1533. (PI. 27, f. 1-3.)
Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trees; in fl. April-Oct., in fr. April-Jan. ; Sivartzl Chepstow, J. P.
462, Morris ! Spanish Town, Hay ! near Hope Bay, Moore ! Swift River,
500 ft. ; Belvedere, Hanover, 500 ft. ; Troy, 1500 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam.
7621, 8666, 10,456, 10,463.— Hispaniola, Trinidad.

Plant 2 in. to a foot high, varying much in size. Leaves 3-14 cm. 1.,
2-3 mm. br. Raceme or panicle, 3-15 cm. 1., generally longer than the
leaf, with a few distant lanceolate acute or acuminate adpressed sheaths
(2-8 mm. 1.), and sometimes with a few small leaves. Bracts small,
triangular, acute, half-clasping, concave, l*5-3'5 mm. 1. Floivers creamy-
white, perianth ^ in. 1. Sepals, lateral 3-nerved, oblong-lanceolate, acute,
united (for about 2 mm.) at the base and forming a 2-lobed sac, 7 mm. 1.,
2 mm. br. ; median, 5-nerved, ovate-lanceolate, acute, a little shorter than
the lateral, 2*3 mm. br. Petals 5-nerved, ovate-oblong, margin slightly
undulate and curled, apex obtuse, 7 mm. 1., nearly 3 mm. br. Lip
8" 5 mm. 1., obovate, long-tapering to base, with 5 nerves branching above,
margin slightly undulate, apex obtuse, undulate and curled and so it may
appear to be either 2-lobed or 3-lobed, with two minute calli at the outer
edge of the base, and on the disk two lamellate calli which extend to about
2 mm. from base. Column short, 2 mm. 1., thicker above. Capsule
ellipsoidal, tapering to base, 13-16 mm. 1., 5 mm. br.

53. C0MPARETTIA Pcepp. & End!.

Epiphytic herbs. Stem very short with two or three sheaths,
becoming thickened into a small fleshy pseudobulb with one
leaf. Leaf leathery. Scapes at the base of the pseudobulbs,
erect, elongate, simple. Flowers laxly racemose, distinctly
stalked. Bracts small. Sepals, all of equal length, erect-
spreading, median free, lateral connate and produced at the base
into a long spur free from the petals. Petals as long as the
sepals but broader. Lip continuous with the base of the column,
produced at the base into two long linear spurs, included
within the spur of the sepals ; spreading, much longer than the
sepals, very broad, emarginate, clawed, the claw broadening
below into a rounded base. Column erect, somewhat thick,
semiterete, furrowed anteriorly, not winged, without a foot ;
clinandrium short, oblique, posteriorly somewhat acute. Anther
terminal, opercular, incumbent, very convex, 1 -celled ; pollinia 2,
waxy, broadly ovoid, furrowed, without an appendage, attached
to a linear wedge-shaped stalk, gland ovate. Capsule ovoid or
oblong, acute-angled, beaked.

Species 6, natives of the West Indies and the Andes, from
Central America to Peru.

C. faleata Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Spec. i. 42, t. 73
(1836) ; Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 4980 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 636 ;

COMPARETTIA 127

Lindenia iv. 41, t. 163; Williams Orch. Alb. viii. t. 359; Cogn. in
Symb. Ant. iv. 181 & in Fl. Bras. Hi. pt. 6, 181, t. 42, /. 2.
(PI. 28, f. 10-15.)

On trees; in fl. Nov.-March; Manchester, Purdiel St. Ann, Priori
J.P. 25, 2015 (partly), Morris \ Syme \ Greenhill Wood, Moore ! Greenwich,
Watt ! Mt. Diabolo, 2300 ft. : Lancaster, 2500 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam.
9009.- — Cuba, Porto Rico, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Colombia, Venezuela,
Ecuador^ Bolivia, Peru.

Plant 6-15 in. high. Pseudobulbs small, slender, L5-2-5 cm. 1.,
4-5 mm. br. ; sheaths triangular-lanceolate, 2* 5-4* 5 cm. 1. Leaf some-
what leathery, oblong-elliptical to oblong-ligulate, obtuse, apiculate,
5-18 cm. 1., 1*2-3 '8 cm. br. Scape 1-3 dm. 1., much longer than the leaf,
simple or occasionally branching, with a few distant adpressed triangular
acuminate or obtuse sheaths (4-10 mm. 1.). Pedicels with ovary 1-1 • 5 cm. 1.
Bracts triangular, acute, clasping, 3-4 mm. 1. Floivers bright pink or light
crimson, lip \ in. 1. Sepals concave, 10 mm. 1., lateral connate, oblong,
tapering to an obtuse apex, 5-nerved ; median oblong, acuminate, 5-nerved ;
spur 13 mm. 1. Petals 7-nerved, obovate-elliptical, abruptly acute, 8-10
mm. 1., 5 mm. br. Lip half as long again as the sepals, 15 mm. 1., and
nearly as broad, mid-vein forming a wing-like callus in the lower half of
the claw. Column 5 mm. 1.

54. TRICH0PILIA Lindl.

Epiphytic herbs, pseudobulbs with one leaf. Leaf fleshy,
erect, at the base folded upon itself. Scape short, leafless, with
few sheaths. Sepals subequal, free, narrow, somewhat erect.
Petals somewhat similar to sepals. Lip adnate to base of
column, spreading. Clinandrium hooded, large, membranous.
Anther within the clinandrium, opercular, incumbent, 1 -celled ;
pollinia 2, obovoid-oblong, without appendage, but affixed by a
strap-shaped stipes with a small gland. Capsule ovoid-ellipsoidal.

Species about 27, natives of warmer parts of America, chiefly
in Colombia, Central America and Mexico, with two species in
the West Indies.

T. jamaieensis Faivc. & Bendle in Journ. Sot. xlviii. 107
(1910). (PI. 29, f. 1-3.) Type in Herb. Mus. Brit, k Jam. Herb.

On trees ; in fl. Sept. ; Mansfield, near Bath, Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7697.

Plant 6 or 7 in. high. Pseudobulb narrowly cylindrical, scarcely
swollen, 1-2 cm. 1., about 2 mm. br. Leaf linear, subterete and tapering
above, 11-17 cm. 1., about 4 mm. br. Scape about 2*5 cm. 1.; sheath
nearly 2 cm. 1. Bracts elliptical-oblong, acuminate, 10-14 mm. 1., about
4 mm. br. Pedicel and ovary 1 cm. 1.; pedicel of fr. *5 cm. 1. Flowers,
perianth nearly § in. 1. Sepals 3-nerved, with a few undulating pinnate
nerves ; lateral, linear-lanceolate, slightly folded on itself, forming a keel
which extends separately as an acute projection beyond the apex, 19 mm. 1.,
barely 2-5 mm. br. ; median 4-nerved, slightly reticulate-nerved, ligulate,
acuminate, 17 mm. 1., 2*5 mm. br. Petals with nerves as in lateral sepals,
similar to median sepal, but a little shorter and broader, 16 mm. 1., 3 mm.
br. Lip, general outline broadly oval-elliptical, somewhat spoon-shaped,
obscurely 3-lobed, apex abruptly acute, saccate below, margin denticulate-

128 OECHIDS OF JAMAICA

eroded, 15-17-nerved, nerves branching, at base on inside 3 nerves promi-
nent and oallose, forming the inner walls of two Bhallow pockets, 14 mm.
1., about 10 mm.br. Column 5 mm. 1., thicker upwards, wit h a small
tooth on each side at tin' base of the olinandrium ; olrnandrium 2*5 mm. 1.,
with upper margin truncate and eroded; stigma deeply sunk, margin
rounded. Cuj'sulc (unripe), 1*5 cm. 1., 5-G mm. br.

55. BRASSIA R. Br.

Epiphytic herbs. Stems short, terminated by a pseudobulb
with one or two leaves. Leaves under the pseudohulb few or
reduced to sheaths, leathery. Peduncles from under the pseudo-
bulb simple. Racemes lax, generally few-flowered. Flowers
rather large. Bracts short or spathe-like. Sepals free, spreading,
narrow, acuminate or tailed, the lateral longer. Petals similar
to the median sepal or smaller. Lip sessile at the base of the
column, spreading, flat, undivided, shorter than the sepals, at
the base 2-lamellate. Column short, erect, not winged, without
a foot ; clinandrium hardly prominent, truncate. Anther
terminal, opercular, incumbent, very convex or semiglobose,
1 -celled; pollinia 2, waxy, obovoid, without an appendage,
attached to a flat oblong or linear stalk.

Species 40, natives of tropical America, from the West
Indies and Mexico to Brazil and Peru.

Lip about 1J in. 1. ; lateral sepals twice as long 1. B. maculata.

Lip about 1 in. 1. ; lateral sepals 4 or 5 times as long 2. B. caudata.

1. B. maeulata B. Br. in Ait. Sort. Kew. ed. 2, v. 215 (1813) ;
lateral sepals twice as long as the lip ; lip broadly ovate-roundish,
acute, contracted into an oblong base ; lamellae tooth-like at
apex, hairy at base. — Bot. Mag. t. 1691 ; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Brass.
1 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Lid. 633 ; Salisb. Ic. ined. vi. fol. 580.
B. guttata Lindl. in PI. Hartiv. 94 (1842). B. Wrayse Hook, in
Bot. Mag. t. 4003 (1843). (PI. 28, f. 1-6.)

On rocks and trees ; in fl. April-June, Oct. ; Old England, St. Andrew,
Purdie ! Fairfield, Wullschlaegel, 1884 bis ! Oehler ! near Gordon Town,
J.P. 6, Morris ! Sullivan ! Harris ! Greenwich, Moore ! near Radnor,
Miss B. Gosset ! Dolphin Head, Harris ! Fl. Jam. 10,442. — Cuba,
Guatemala.

Plant 1^-2 ft. high. Pseudobulbs large, oblong, sometimes contracted
below, compressed, 2-edged, 6-10 cm. 1., 2*5-3"5cm. br. Leaves leathery,
broadly ligulate, acute, tapering to base, 10-40 cm. 1., 3-5 cm. br.
Peduncle stout, longer than the leaves, with a few distant sheathing
bracts, 3*5-6 dm. 1., with 7-14 flowers. Bracts, sterile sheathing, obtuse,
distant, 12-20 mm. 1. ; floral triangular, acute, much shorter than ovary,
6-10 mm. 1. Flowers large, yellowish-green with brown or purple spots ;
lip, yellowish-white, I5-IJ in. 1., sepals 2-3 in. 1. Sepals narrowly linear-
lanceolate, 4-5-7*5 cm. 1., 4-6 mm. br. Petals similar to sepals 3-4 cm. 1.,
4-5 mm. br. Lip 3*5-4 cm. 1., 2*5-3 cm. br. ; lamellee yellow, 5-6 mm. 1.
Column 5-6 mm. 1., green.

BRASSIA 129

2. B. eaudata LindL in Bot. Beg. t. 832 (1824); lateral
sepals very long, very acuminate, generally four or five times as
long as lip ; lip obovate-oblong, abruptly acuminate, lamella?
thickish, pubescent, with free tooth-like points and two teeth
above distinct from the lamella?. — Lindl. Fol. Orch. Brass. 3 ;
Hook. Exot. FL t. 179 & in Bot. Mag. t. 3451 ; Beichb. Fl. Exot.
t. 267 ; Griseb. loc. cit. ; Gogn. in FL Bras. Hi. pt. 6, 257, t. 58.
Helleborine ramosissima etc. Plum. Nov. PI. Amer. Gen. Cat. 9
(1703) & PI. Amer. (Burm.) t. 177. Epidendrum caudatum
L. Sp. PL ed. 2. 1349 (1763). (PL 28, f. 7-9.)

On trees ; in fl. May- Aug. ; Macfadyen ! Iron River, Golden Spring,
J.P. 2281, Symel St. George, Watt\ Clarendon, Tomlinsonl Fl. Jam.
10,419. — Cuba, Guatemala, Mexico, Surinam.

Plant 10-15 in. high. Pseudobulbs large, oblong, compressed, 2-edged,
9-12 cm. 1., 2*5-3 cm. br. ; at apex 2-leaved. Leaves leathery, broadly
ligulate, abruptly acute, tapering towards base, 18-30 cm. 1., 4-5 '5 cm. br.
Peduncle stout, a little longer than the leaves, with a few distant sheathing
bracts below, 2 -5-3 '5 dm. 1., with 9-15 flowers. Bracts oblong-triangular,
obtuse, shorter than the ovary, 8-10 mm. 1. Flowers large, shortly stalked,
greenish-yellow, with brown or purplish spots, lip about 1 in. 1., lateral
sepals 2 to 4 or 5 in. 1. Sepals linear-lanceolate, very long, very acuminate,
5-6 mm. br., lateral 5-11 cm. 1., median 4-5 cm. 1. Petals lanceolate, long-
acuminate, 2-2*5 cm. 1., 4-6 mm. br. Lip 2*5-3 cm. 1., 10-12 mm. br.
Column 4 mm. 1.

The floral parts vary much in size. In a living plant brought from
Jamaica by Mrs. Longstaff, which flowered at Highlands, Putney, the
measurements were as follows: sepals 6 mm. br., lateral 13*3 cm. 1.,
median 5*2 cm. 1.; petals 2*3 cm. 1., 4*5 mm. br. ; lip 2*8 cm. 1., 1*2
cm. br. ; column, including anther, 5 mm. 1.

56. ONCIDIUM Sw.

Epiphytic herbs. Stems leafy, generally short or very short,
with or without a pseudobulb. Leaves 3-edged or flat. Peduncles
lateral, generally elongated and branching. Racemes lax.
Bracts small. Sepals generally almost equal, spreading or
reflexed, free or lateral connate nearly to apex. Petals similar
to the median sepal or larger. Lip attached to the base of the
column, continuous, median lobe spreading, very broad, emar-
ginate or 2-fid ; disk at the apex of the claw remarkably crested
or tuberculate. Column short, thick, furnished with petaloid
wings, without a foot ; clinandrium sometimes very short,
truncate, sometimes ovate, obliquely erect, entire or anteriorly
shortly 2-dentate. Anther terminal, opercular, incumbent, very
convex, semiglobose or hooded, 1 -celled or imperfectly 2-celled ;
pollinia 2, waxy, obovoid, without an appendage, attached to a
flat stalk, narrow and elongated or broad and very short.
Capsule almost always ovoid, oblong or spindle-shaped, more or
less beaked.

130 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

Species over loo, natives of tropica] America, from the Wes1
[ndies, Florida and Mexico to Brazil and Bolivia.

Leaves 3-edged, keeled, linear-ligulate ; no pseudo-
bulb; lateral Bepals connate nearly to apex.

Lip, middle lobe clawed 1. (). guttatum.

Lip, middle lobe not clawed.

Middle lobe entire 2. 0. triquetrum.

Middle lobe 2-lobed 3. 0. pulchellum.

Leaves flat : lateral sepals free.

Pseudobulbs wanting, or, if present, small ;

Leaves very broad, oblong 4. 0. luridum.

Pseudobulbs present, leaves ligulate 5. 0. leucochilum.

1. 0. guttatum comb. nor. ; leaves 3-edged, keeled, linear-
ligulate ; no pseudobulbs ; lateral sepals connate nearly to apex ;
lip 3-lobed, basilar lobes small, obovate-oblong, terminal lobe
many-nerved, kidney-shaped-2-lobed, broadly emarginate,apiculate,
clawed, crest with three erect lobes, two behind parallel, the
third concave in front. — 0. quadripetalum Sw. Vet. Handl. Stochh.
xxi. 240 (1800). O. tetrapetalum Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 112 (1805) ;
IAndl. Gen. & Sp. Orcli. 198 & Fol. Orcli. Oncid. 12; Griseb. Fl.
Br. W. Lid. 631. O. tricolor Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 4130 (1844).
Ophrys bulbis filiformibus &c. Plum. Amer. (Burm.) 177, t. 182,
/. 2. Viscum, delphinii flore albo guttato, minus, radice fibrosa
Shane Cat. 120 & Hist. i. 251, /. 148,/. 2. Epidendrum guttatum
L. Sp. PL 953 (1753). E. tetrapetalum Jacq. Sel. Stirp.
Amer. 230, t. 142 (17G3), Ed. pict, t. 216 ; Sw. Fl. Lid. Occ. 1484.
Cymbidium tetrapetalum Stt\ in Nov. Act. TJpsal. vi. 74 (1799).
C. guttatum Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 102 (1805). (PI. 29, f. 18-21.)

On trees; in fl. Sept., Oct., March, April, in fr. March, April; Spanish
Town, Sloane, Herb. iv. 122, 123 ! Macfadyen ! Purdie ! Luidas Vale, St.
Thomas in Yale, Prior ! Mile Gullv, J. P. 246, Morris ! Chapelton, Faivcett !
Mona, 1000 ft. ; Great Goat Is., 150 ft. ; Harris 1 Fl. Jam. 7873, 9017, 10,438.
— Cuba, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, St. Thomas, St. Martin, Saba, St. Eusta-
tius, Mexico, Colombia.

Plant 9 in. to 2 ft. high. Leaves, margin entire to somewhat serrulate,
5-20 cm. 1., 3-6 mm. br. Peduncle erect, simple or slightly branched above,
much longer than the leaves, with a few distant short acute sheaths below
(5-9 mm. 1.), many-flowered above, 3-6 dm. 1. Pedicels with ovary 1 ■ 3-2 cm. 1.
Bracts triangular, acute, much shorter than ovary, 3-5 mm. 1. Flowers vari-
able in colour, lip white tinted with pink, sepals and petals brownish with
purplish markings, or flowers dingy-brown with rose-coloured markings, or
brilliantly coloured white, green and crimson ; lip over J in. 1., § in. br.
Sepals spathulate, keeled, apex acute, 7 " 5-8 mm. 1. ; lateral 5-nerved; median
3-nerved, 3 mm. br. Petals 3-nerved, in general outline broadly elliptical,
broadly clawed, more or less indistinctly 3-lobed, lateral lobes rounded,
median lobe broadly triangular-ovate, apex shortly acute, 7*5-8 mm. 1.,
4-5-5 mm. br. Lip varying in size, 10-13 mm. 1., 8*5-16 mm. br., lobes
2-5 mm. 1. Column short, 3-5 mm. 1., with a broad square wing in front
of lowrer half ; upper wings falcately ovate, acute, 3 mm. 1.

O. variegatum Sw., from Hispaniola, differs in its obtuse sepals and
emarginate petals. Although this species and O. sylvestre Lindl. are quoted
by Grisebach from Jamaica we have not seen any authoritative specimens.

ONCIDIUM 131

2. 0. triquetrum B. Br. in Ait. Hort. Keiv. ed. 2, v. 216
(1813); leaves 3-edged, keeled, linear-ligulate ; no pseudobulb ;
lateral sepals connate nearly to apex; lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes
rounded, median lobe much larger, somewhat deltoid, with an
apiculate apex, callus at base in front smooth, rounded, behind
united with column. — Lincll. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 205 & Fol. Orch.
Oncid. 11 ; Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 3393 ; Griseb. op. cit 631.
Epidendrum triquetrum Sid. Prodr. 122 (1788). Cymbidium
triquetrum Sw. in Nov. Act. TJpsal. ri. 74 (1799) & Fl. Ind. Occ.
1475. (PI. 29, f. 12-17.) Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trees ; in fi. Jan., Feb., June, in fr. Jan. ; Sivartz ! Bligli ; Mac-
fadyen ! Iron River, Golden Spring, J. P. 2286, Syme ! near Castleton,
Campbell ! Spaldings, Sullivan ! near Browns Town, 1000 ft. ; Belvedere,
Hanover, 500 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7647.

Plant 4-8 in. high. Leaves 3-19 cni. 1., 5-10 mm. br. Peduncle erect,
simple or slightly branched above, shorter or longer than the leaves, with
a few distant triangular acute keeled sheaths below (4 -5-6 mrn. 1.),
few-flowered above, 7-18 cm. 1. Pedicel with ovary 11-15 mm. 1., of fruit
8 mm. 1. Bracts triangular, acuminate, much shorter than ovary, 2-4
mm. 1., sterile longer. Floivers variable in colour, white and densely
purple-spotted, or rose bordered with white and deeply stained and
spotted with crimson, lip nearly J in. 1. Sepals slightly concave, oblan-
ceolate, apex acute, 9-10 mm. 1., 4 mm. br. Petals triangular-ovate,
clawed, apiculate, as long as sepals, 5*5-6 mm. br. Lip a little over
10 mm. 1. and nearly as broad. Column very short, 3-4 mm. 1., wings
somewhat triangular with an acute apex.

3. 0. pulehellum Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 2773 (1827); leaves
3-edged, keeled, linear-ligulate ; no pseudobulbs ; lateral sepals
connate nearly to apex ; lip, median lobe 2-lobed, broader than
long, lateral lobes large, rounded, varying from considerably
smaller to almost the size of half the median lobe, crest at base
of disk consisting of three narrow calli free at apex. — Lindl.
Gen. & Sp. Orch. 206, Fol. Orch. Oncid. 12 & in Bot. Beg. t. 1787 ;
Griseb. op. cit. 631 ; Coc/n. in Fl. Bras. Hi. pt. 6, 434. (PI. 29,
f. 4-8.)

On trees ; in fl. April-July; Bancroft ! Macfadyen ; Blue Mts., 2000-
3000 ft., J.P. 2385, Morris ! Mt. Moses, 3500-4000 ft., J.P. 2385, Syme !
Browns Town, Levy ! Trelawnev, Woollett ! Moy Hall, Clark ! near Trov,
1400 ft. ; Mabess River, 3000 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7362, 8656.— Cuba,
B. Guiana.

Plant 1-2 ft. high. Leaves 7-20 cm. 1., 7-15 mm. br. Peduncle erect,
simple or occasionally branched, much longer than the leaves, with a very
few distant short acute sheaths below (7-12 mm. 1.), many-flowered above,
3-6 dm. 1. Pedicels with ovary 1-5-2 cm. 1. Brads triangular, acute,
much shorter than ovary, 3-5 mm. 1. Floivers white with rosy tinge, not
large, but varying very much in size ; lip J-l in. 1. Sepals boat-shaped,
lateral, 2-nerved, oblong or oblong-elliptical, tapering to base, 6-10 mm. 1.,
3 ■ 5-4 mm. br. ; median 3-nerved, concave, obovate-cuneate, acute, 5 5-9 nim.
1., 2-5-3 mm. br. Petals 6-10 mm. 1.. 4-5-7 mm. br., roundish-elliptical or
obovate, tapering to base, 3-nerved, apex rounded or apiculate, margin
undulate. Lip 1-3-2-5 cm. 1., median lobe 12-3 cm. br. Column very

K 2

132 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

short, 2 mm. 1., wings somewhat oblong-triangular with rounded corners,
about 3 mm. 1., 4 mm. br.

4. 0. luridum Lindl. in Bot. Meg. t. 727 (1823) ; loaves large,
leathery, broadly ligulate-oblong ; pseudobulbs wanting or

occasionally occurring and quite small ; lateral sepals free ; lip
much narrower at base than above, at base cordate, lateral lobes
small, semi-elliptical, margin revolute ; median lobe large, shortly
clawed, kidney-shaped, at apex emarginate, sinus between the
lobes roundish, rather broad, disk at the base with a thick
fleshy crest composed in the lower half of two swollen calli
uniting below where there is sometimes a small tubercle on each
side, a third thin callus rises between these calli and is continued
above with a 2-lobed tubercle on each side. — Lindl. Gen. <(; Sp.
Orch. 201 (excl. syn. L. & Willd.), Fol. Orch. Oncid. 41 (excl. syn,
L. & Willd.) ; Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 3603 ; Griseb. op. cit. 632.
O. luridum var. guttatum Lindl. in Bot. Beg. xxv. t. 16 (1839) ;
Ames Oreh. S. Fla. 21. O. carthaginense Sw. in Vet. Handl. Stochh.
xxi. 240 (1800) & Fl. Lid. Occ. 1479 non Auet, O. guttatum
Beiclib. f. in Walp. Ann. Bot. vi. 782 (1863) ; Cogn. in Fl. Bras.
Hi. pt. 6, 411. Viscum radice bulbosa majus &c. Sloane Cat. 119 &
Hist. i. 250, t. 148,/. 1. Epidendrum undulatum Sw. Prodr. 122
(1788), non Sims in Bot. Mag. t. 777. (PI. 29, f. 9-11.)

On trees and rocks; in fl. April-Sept.; near Spanish town, Sloane
Herb. iv. 177 ! Wright ! Poore ! Masson ! Bancroft ! Macfadyen I Wag
Water River, Purdie ! Fairfield, Wullschlaegel, 1095a ! March ! common,
200-3500 ft., J.P. 2396 Morris I Bog Walk, 300 ft., Lehmannl Cedar
Hurst, Watt ! Moore ! Trelawney (yellow without spots), Miss Jeffrey Smith !
Mansfield, Bath, 1000 ft.; Tyre, near Troy, 1500 ft.; Harris \ Fl. Jam.
8646. — Cuba, Florida, Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent,
Grenada, Trinidad, Margarita, Venezuela, Colombia, B. Guiana, Peru,
Mexico.

Boots numerous, densely- clustered, long. Sheaths triangular-ovate,
acute, 1-12 cm. 1. Leaves 3-5 dm. 1., 6-9 cm. br. Panicle 9-18 dm. 1.,
much longer than the leaves, with several very short adpressed distant
sheaths (to 1-5 cm. 1.). Bracts very short, 3-5 mm. 1., triangular, acute.
Flowers rather large, long-stalked, segments spreading, margin curled-
wavy, yellow colour spotted more or less with cinnarnon-brown, rarely
yellow without any spots, lip about f in. 1., and nearly an inch br. Sepals
with 3-5 branching nerves of about equal length, rounded at the apex,
median obovate-roundish or obovate-oblong, at the base abruptly long and
narrowly clawed, 1'4-1*7 cm. 1. (claw 4-5 mm. 1.), 8*5-10 mm. br. ; lateral
narrower, broadly elliptical, at the base long tapering into a claw,
1'4-1*7 cm. 1., 7-8 mm. br. Petals with four or five branching nerves,
obovate-roundish, or obovate-oblong at the base abruptly, rather broadly,
shortly clawed, about as long as sepals or slightly shorter, l-5-l*6 cm. 1.,
9-10 mm. br. Lip l-5-2 cm. 1., 1-6-2-3 cm. br., at base about 8 mm. br.
Column short, 4-5 mm. 1., wings 2-lobed, anterior lobe hatchet-shaped,
posterior small rounded. Capsule very large, obovoid-ellipsoidal, tapering
to base, 5 cm. 1., 2 cm. br.

5. 0. leueoehilum Bateman ex Lindl. in Bot. Beg. under
t. 1920 (1837); leaves large, leathery, ligulate, acute; pseudo-

ONCIDIUM . 133

bulbs ovoid-oblong, furrowed, compressed, with two leaves ;
lateral sepals free ; lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes small, oblong-obtuse ;
middle lobe broadly kidney-shaped, emarginate or retuse ; crest
with two long lobes on each side, and an erect recurved one in
the middle. — Bateman Orch. Mex. & Guat. 1. 1. (1837) ; Lindl. Fol.
Orcli. Oncid. 48 & in Paxt. Mag. Bot. vii. 241 with plate.

On trees in the Blue Mts. ; Monklands, Moore ! near Newcastle,
Walker ! — Mexico, Guatemala.

Roots numerous, long, branching. Pseudobulbs 5-10 cm. 1. Leaves
2-4 dm. 1., 2-5-4 cm. br. Panicle 10-20 dm. 1., mucb longer than the
leaves, laxly-flowered, with several adpressed distant sheaths (about 1 cm.
1.). Bracts triangular, acute, 5-7 mm. 1. Floivers rather large, long-
stalked ; sepals and petals nearly equal, about § in. 1., greenish-brown
barred with light yellow-green ; lip white, about same length. Sepals and
petals similar, elliptical-oblong, acute, spreading, about 2 cm. 1. Column
short, about 5 mm. 1. ; wings somewhat hatchet-shaped, acute or obtuse
above, rounded below.

O. altissimum Sw. is credited to Jamaica by Swartz (Prodr.
123 & Fl. Ind. Occ. 1481). We have seen no specimen nor any
other record of the species for Jamaica. Swartz's citation may
have been due to the fact that Jacquin, in his first description of
the species {JEpidendrum altissimum PL Ins. Carib. 30, 1760), cited
Sloane's figure (Hist. Jam. i. t. 148, f. 1), which, as we have
seen, represents 0. luridum. The species is known from Guade-
loupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Mexico, Panama,
Colombia, British Guiana, and Surinam.

A very closely allied species, 0. spliacelatum Lindl., from
Florida and Central America, has been grown under the name
of O. altissimum in the Jamaica Botanic Gardens, and a flowrer is
figured on PI. 29, f. 22-25, but there is no satisfactory evidence
that it is native in Jamaica.

57. LEOCHILUS Knowles & Westc.*

Small epiphytic herbs. Stems very short, terminated by a
pseudobulb with one leaf, covered by membranous scarious
sheaths or a few leaves under the pseudobulb. Leaves oblong
or elliptical, flat, contracted into the stalk. Scapes under the
pseudobulb, thin, simple or more rarely somewhat branched.
Racemes lax, with small tender flowers, distinctly stalked.
Bracts about as long as the stalks or shorter, narrow, acute.
Sepals about equal, spreading, free or the lateral shortly connate
at the base. Petals similar to the sepals or a little broader.
Lip attached at the base of the column, continuous, spreading,

* We have retained the original spelling for this genus. Bentham and
Hooker f., Gen. PI. iii. 561 (1883), on etymological grounds, wrote Leiochilus,
overlooking the fact that a genus of Bubiacece established by Hooker in
an earlier volume of the same work, ii. 116 (1873), bears the same name.

L34 OBCHIDS OF JAMAICA

oblong, undivided, Bometimes longer than the Bepals, the
disk fleshy or callose. Column short, erect, without a foot,
not winged 1 m t 2-auricled below the Btigma* clinandrium trun
cate : rostellum elongated. Anther terminal, opercular, in
cumbent, 1 -celled, anteriorly produced beyond 11m* cell into a
membranous hooded appendage ; pollinia 2, waxy, globose,
without an appendage, attached t<> a narrow elongated stalk.
gland ovate. Capsule ellipsoidal, beaked.

Species 7, natives of the West Indies, Mexico, and Central
America.

L. labiatus Kuntze Bev. Gen. 656 (1891). — Cogn. in Symb. Ant
ir. 182. L. cochlearis Lindl. in Bot. Beg. xxviii. Misc. 23 (1<S42) ;
Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 634. Epidendruni labiatum Sic. Prodr.
124 (1788), Fl. Ind. Ore. 1493 & Adnot. But. t. 2, f. 6. Oncidium
labiatum Beichb.f. in Walp. Ann. n. 741 (1861). (PI. 30, f. 1-5.)

On trees; in fl. March-June; McNab ; St. Mary; St. Ann; Purdicl
Beaufort, Wullschlaegel, 1091 ! Castleton, on river banks, J. P. 2324, Syme !
near Gordon Town ; near Hope Bay ; Moore ! near Browns Town, Miss
T. M. Barrett ! Christiana, Tomlinson ! Castleton ; Troy, 1500 ft. ; Harris !
Fl. Jam. 10,423, 10,426, 10,462. — Cuba, Hispaniola, Guadeloupe, Dominica,
St. Vincent, Trinidad.

Plant 2-9 in. high. Roots numerous, very long. Pseudobulb somewhat
globose, 7-15 mm. 1. Leaves, from apex of the pscudobulb and from its
base, somewhat leathery, 2-7 cm. 1., • 5-1*5 cm. br. Scape with a few
distant lanceolate keeled acute sheaths below (5-9 mm. 1.), and a few
flowers above. Pedicels about equalling ovary, together 8 mm. 1. Bracts
triangular, acute, 2-3 mm. 1. Sepals green, spotted with dark reddish-
brown, 3-nerved; lateral oblong, obtuse, united at a distance of lf5-3 mm.
from base, 4-4- 5 mm. 1., 1*3-1 "5 mm. br. each at point of union; median
elliptical, very shortly acuminate, 3 ■ 5 to nearly 4 mm. 1., 1 • 5 to nearly 2 mm.
br. Petals green, spotted with dark reddish-brown, elliptical-oblong, apex
conduplicate, shortly acute, 3* 25-3* 5 mm. 1., 1*5-1 '75 mm. br. Lip
yellow, streaked with dark reddish-brown at base, elliptical-oblong, con-
tracted above the base, where there is a fleshy callus, and very concave at
the base, apex generally emarginate, about 5 mm. 1., 2*5 mm. br. Column
1*5 mm. 1. Capsule 14-15 mm. 1., 7 mm. br.

58. CRYPTARRHENA R, Br.

Small epiphytic herbs. Stems leafy, very short, without
pseudobulbs. Leaves several, crowded, membranous-leathery,
with leathery sheaths overlapping in two ranks. Peduncles
axillary, erect, longer than the leaves, simple. Flowers small,
laxly racemose. Bracts narrow, about equalling the pedicels.
Sepals almost equal, free, spreading, acute. Petals somewhat
like the sepals. Lip continuous with the base of the column,
spreading, claw long, keeled-crested above ; lateral lobes at the
apex of the claw narrow, spreading or recurved ; median shorter,
broader, divided. Column short, thickened above, not winged,
without a foot ; clinandrium elevated, hooded, with small teeth

CRYPT ARRHENA 135

on the margin. Anther within the clinandrium, opercular,
incumbent, convex, shortly acuminate, imperfectly 2-celled :
pollinia 4, waxy, incumbent in pairs without appendage, affixed
by the dilated apex of a linear stipes, with a small gland.
Capsule ovoid or oblong.

Species 2, one extending through the AVest Indies and
Central America to Peru and Guiana, the other growing in
Surinam.

C. lunata R. Br. in Bot. Beg. t. 153 (1816). C. pallidiflora
Beichb.f. in Bot. Zeit. x. 766 (1852). (PI. 30, f. 6, 7.)

On trees; in fl. Aug.-Sept., in fr. Oct.-Feb. ; J.P. 2406, Morrisl St.
Ann, Miss T. M. Barrett ! Cedar Hurst ; Spanish River ; Moore ! Holly
Mount, Mt. Diabolo, Harris ! Fl. Jam. 8912, 10,390, 10,397, 10,430, 10,431.
— Costa Rica, Mexico, Trinidad, B. Guiana, Peru.

Plant 4-10 in. high. Leaves linear-oblanceolate, acute, jointed to the
sheathing base, 6-14 cm. 1., 7-13 mm. br. Peduncle 10-18 cm. 1. Pedicel
and ovary 4-6 mm. 1. Bracts lanceolate, acuminate, 2 '5-5 mm. 1. Sepals
elliptical, tapering to an apiculate apex; lateral 3*5 mm. 1., nearly 2 mm.
br. ; median 3*25 mm. 1., 1*5 mm. br. Petals obovate-oblong, apex
rounded, upper margin minutely eroded, about 3 mm. 1.,1'5 mm. br. Lip
about 4 mm. 1., lateral lobes linear-subulate, curved backwards, more than
2 mm. 1., terminal lobe 2-fid, upper margin slightly irregularly eroded,
1 mm. 1., 2 mm. br. Column about 2 mm. 1. Capsule cylindrical,
tapering abruptly at base into the stalk, 6-8 mm. 1., 3 mm. br.

59. DICEMA Lindl.

Epiphytic herbs. Stems leafy, elongated, often pendulous,
covered with the leaf-sheaths and leaves. Leaves in two ranks,
somewhat membranous, spreading, short. Peduncles axillary,
solitary, each with one small flower, with two or three scarious
ample bracts, one above the other, near the base, the upper one
acute, the lower obtuse, and bracteoles generally two at apex
below the flower, the lowrer broadly roundish, apiculate, the
upper linear, sometimes wanting. Sepals subequal, free, spread-
ing, lateral, slightly oblique, forming at the base with the foot of
the column a scarcely prominent chin. Petals similar to the
sepals, but smaller. Lip fleshy, fixed to the base of the column,
sometimes with a short claw ; blade sometimes broadening
ivpwards with angles produced sometimes into lobes or teeth,
concave, undivided. Column erect, semiterete, very stout, at
the base produced into a short or very short foot ; clinandrium
oblique, short, entire, rather broad. Anther terminal, opercular,
incumbent, very convex, imperfectly 2-celled ; pollinia 4, waxy,
ovoid, closely incumbent in pairs on themselves, without
appendage, affixed by a flat stipes, with a small gland. Cap-
sule ovoid or oblong, muricate or smooth, ribs only slightly
prominent.

136 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

Species about 35, Datives of tropical America, chiefly the
West [ndies, Centra] America and .Mexico.

1 .caves persistent, not jointed below ; oapsuleden ely
covered with Long brisl Les.
Leaves oblong, tapering bo an aoute apex with a
long tip, inclined slightly towards the end of

the shoot i. /;. echinocarpa.

Leaves elliptieal-oblong with ;i rounded apex
with a short tip, inclined Blightly away from
end of shoot 2. 1 >. muricata .

Leaves linear, inclined slightly away from end
of shoot 3. D. trichocarpa.

Leaves jointed above the sheath, limb falling ;
capsule smooth.

Leaves oblong-linear, with a long tip at apex,

spreading 4. D. grammoides.

Leaves oblong, with a very short tip, inclined

towards end of shoot 5. D. glauca.

Leaves jointed above the sbeath, limb falling ;
capsule densely covered with long bristles.
Leaves oblong or oblong-ligulate, with a sbort

or long tip, ciliate at apex, spreading G. D. Morrisii.

1. D. eehinoearpa Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 208 (1833)
(in part) ; leaves persistent, not jointed below, oblong, tapering to
an acute apex with a long tip, inclined slightly towards the end
of the shoot ; lip white, variegated with blue, very shortly
clawed, somewhat quadrangular-oblong, cuneate towards base,
angles not produced into lobes, apex apiculate ; capsule densely
covered with long bristles which are swollen at the base.-
Gr/'seb. FL Br. W. Inch 624. Epidendrum echinocarpon Siv.
Prodr. 124 (1788). Cymbidium echinocarpon Siv. in Nov. Act.
Vjpsal vi 71 (1799) & Fl. Ind, Occ. 1452. (PL 30, f. 26-30.)
Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

Amongst mosses on trees and rocks; in fl. Aug.-Nov., in fr. Oct. -April;
mountains, Swartz \ Wiles I Macfaydenl Marchl J. P. 203G, Morris ! Mt.
Moses, 3000 ft. ; Dollwood ; Cinchona, 5000 ft. ; Clydesdale, 4500 ft. ;
Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7527, 7994, 9023.— Cuba, Porto Rico.

Plant to 1^ ft. 1. Stem to 5 dm. 1., simple or sometimes branched,
decumbent, pendulous, emitting roots, somewhat slender, compressed,
1-5 mm. br. Leaves, limb 12-25 mm. 1., 5-8 mm. br., the long apical tip
readily rubbing off, median nerve very prominent below, forming a slight
keel, 5-7 nerves on each side; sheaths 12-15 mm. 1., compressed, keeled.
Peduncles about 15 mm. 1. ; basal bracts, lower 2-4 mm. 1., upper 5 mm. 1.;
bracteoles about 3 mm. 1. Floiocrs pale yellow. Sepals 5-nerved, outside
muriculate ; lateral oblong, elliptical, tapering to a shortly acuminate apex,
9-2 mm. 1., 4 mm. br. ; median obovate-oblong, tapering to a shortly
acuminate apex, 8-9 mm. 1., 3*25 mm. br. Petals outside muriculate,
oblanceolate-oblong, somewhat falcate, tapering to a shortly acuminate
apex, nearly 8 mm. 1., 2*5 mm. br. Lip 6 mm. 1., about 4 mm. br.
Column barely 2-5 mm. 1., short and thick, hooded, stigmatic lip absent.
Capsule ellipsoidal, somewhat tapering to base, 12-15 mm. 1., 6-8 mm. br.

DICILKA 137

Lindley included two species under his D. ecliinocarpa, viz. Limodorum
pendulum Aubl. Guian. t. 322, and Epidendrum echinocarpon Sw. Prodr.
124; in this he is followed by Cogniaux in Symb. Ant. iv. 182 (1903) and
in Fl. Bras. iii. pt. 6, 487, under the name D. pendula. Swartz described
the lip as entire, and the Jamaican specimens agree with this. Aublet's-
figure shows a trilobed lip, which accords better with Lindley's description
of the lip as sagittate. Aublet's species should therefore bear the name
D. pendula, while D. cchinoccapa should be reserved for the Jamaican plant.

2. D. murieata Lindl, Gen. & Sp. Orch. 209 (1833) ; leaves
persistent, not jointed below, elliptical-oblong, with a rounded
apex with a short tip, inclined slightly away from end of shoot ;
lip blue, 7-nerved, shortly clawed, obovate-rhomboicl, the outer
angles with a recurved, long, acuminate lobe, apex tapering,,
long-mucronate ; capsule densely covered with long bristles
which are only slightly swollen just at the base. — Griscb. op.
cit. 624 ; Cogn. in Symb. Ant. iv. 183 (in part) & in Fl. Bras. iii.
pt. 6, 487 (in part). Cymbidium muricatum Sw. in Nov. Act.

Upsal. vi. 71 (1799) & Fl. Ind. Occ. 1454. (PI. 30, f. 22-25.)

On trees; in fl. Dec-Jan., in fr. Jan.; Morse's Gap, Purdiel Wilsonl
Slue Mts., Priori Bethabara, Wullschlaegel, 1212! Cedar Hurst; near
Mabess Kiver, 4000 ft. ; Han-is ! Fl. Jam. 7649. — Cuba, Dominica, Mar-
tinique, St. Vincent, Grenada, Guatemala.

Plant to lh ft. 1. Stems to 5 dm. 1., simple, somewhat erect, emitting
roots, slender, compressed, 1 mm. br. Leaves, limb 10-20 mm. 1., 5-7
mm. br., median nerve prominent below or sometimes forming a slight
keel, 5-8 nerves on each side ; sheaths 7-10 mm. 1., compressed, keeled.
Peduncles about 2 cm. 1. ; bracts, lower l-5-3*5 mm. 1., upper 4*5 mm. 1. ;
bracteoles 2 ■ 5-3 mm. 1. Sepals incompletely 5-nerved, elliptical, acuminate,
7*5 mm. L, 2*5 mm. br. Petals incompletely 5-nerved, lanceolate-elliptical,
shortly acuminate, spotted with blue, 7 mm. 1., 2*1 mm. br. Lip 7-nerved,
6 mm. 1., 3-25 mm. br. (just above the lobes). Column 2-5-3 mm. 1.,
stigmatic lip depressed; clinandrium hooded. Capsule obovate, tapering
to base, 14-17 mm 1., 5 mm. br.

Cogniaux has included this species in Fl. Bras, as a native of tropical
S. America, but as there seems to have been some confusion between the
W. Indian and S. American species of Dichcea, we have cited only those
localities from which we have seen specimens.

3. D. triehoearpa Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 209 (1833) ; leaves
persistent, not jointed below, linear, acute, inclined slightly away
from end of shoot ; lip sessile, broadly oblong, with a triangular
lobe on each side above, just above the base cuneate, apex
truncate with a blunt mucro projecting at the back, with callus-
like thickening at the apex on each side of the central line ;
capsule densely covered with long bristles, which are swollen
nearly throughout their length. — Griseb. op. cit. 624. Epidendrum
trichocarpon Sw. Prodr. 124 (1788). Cymbidium trichocarpon
Sw. in Nor. Act. Upsal. vi. 71 (1799) & Fl. Ind. Occ. 1455.
(PI. 30, f. 17-21.) Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trees; in fl. Aug., in fr. Dec. -April ; mountains, Swartz\ R~
Tlwmson\ Abbey Green; Mt. Moses; J. P. 2049, Morris ! Symel Mabess

138 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

River, G. Nichols] near Woodcutter's Gap, 4000 ft.; Clydesdale, 4500 ft. ;
near Cinchona, 5000 ft. ; Harris] PL Jam. 7578, 7995, 9019.— Cuba.

Plant to 2 ft. 1. Stiins to 6 dm. 1., generally branching, pendulous,

emitting roots, slender, terete, a little over 1 mm. br. Leaves, limb
9-15 nun. 1., 1-2*5 mm. br., slightly fleshy, median nerve of the younger
leaves in drying more or less prominent below, two or three nerves on
each side sometimes evident; sheaths, 5-7 mm. 1., slightly compressed,
sometimes slightly keeled. Peduncles about 8 mm. 1. ; bracts, lower
l'5-2-5 mm. 1., upper about 5*5 mm. 1., attached about 1 mm. above base ;
bracteoles 2-5-3 mm. 1. Sepal* 3-nerved ; lateral oblong-elliptical, tapering
to an acute point, nearly 7 mm. 1., 2-5 mm. br. ; median ovate-elliptical,
tapering to a somewhat obtuse point, nearly G mm. 1., 2*5 mm. br. Petals
3-nerved, oblanceolate-oblong, apex somewhat obtuse, slightly apiculate,
5 mm. 1., 1-75 mm. br. Lip 4*5 mm. 1., 4 mm. br. (inch lobes). Column
2-5 mm. 1., 2 mm. br., short, thick, slightly hooded above stigma,
stigmatic lip obscurely 2-lobulate. Capsule narrowly obovate, -8 cm. 1.,
4 mm. br.

4. D. graminoides Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 209 (1833) ;
leaves deciduous, jointed above the sheath, oblong-linear, with a
long tip at apex, spreading ; lip 5 -nerved above, upper portion
deltoid, auriculate, shortly acuminate, auricles rounded, lower
portion roundish, with a longitudinal callus along central nerve
at the base ; capsule smooth. — D. graminea Griseb. Fl. Br. W.
Ind. 625 (1864). Epidendrum graminoides Sw. Prodr. 125 (1788).
Cymbidium graminoides Sw. in Nov. Act. Upisal. vi. 71 (1799),
Fl. Ind. Occ. 1459 & Adnot. Bot. t. 1, /. 1. (PL 30, f. 8-12.)
Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trees, decaying logs and rocks ; in fl. Aug.-Dec. ; mountains, Swartz !
Morse's Gap, Purdie ! Bethabara, Wullschlaegel, 1212 ! Mt. Moses ; Cin-
chona ; J. P. 2070, Morris ! Moody's Gap, Syme. Mabess River, G. Nichols !
Cinchona, 5000 ft. ; below Vinegar Hill, 3500 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7464,
7524, 7766, 9899.

Plants 4-12 in. high. Stems 1-3 dm. 1., simple or branching a little
from base, somewhat erect, emitting roots, somewhat slender, compressed,
2 mm. br. Leaves, limb 3-4 cm. 1., 3-5 mm. br., six to eight nerves on
each side of the median, slightly prominent; sheaths 10-16 mm. 1.,
compressed, slightly keeled. Peduncles about 2 cm. 1. ; bracts, lower
2-5 mm. 1., upper about 6 mm. 1., attached about 3 mm. above base;
bracteoles about 2 ■ 5 mm. 1. Floivers whitish. Sepals incompletely 5-nerved,
elliptical, tapering to an acute apex, lateral 6 mm. 1., 2" 3 mm. br. ;
median slightly shorter. Petals incompletely 5-nerved, ovate, apex acute,
nearly 5 mm. 1., 2-2 mm. br. Lip4:m5 mm. 1., 3-2 mm. br. (at lobes),
2 mm. br. at lower portion. Column about 2 mm. 1., 1*2 mm. br.,
stigmatic lip forming a triangular obtuse lobe ; anther broad, emarginate,
apiculate, with acutely-pointed sides.

We have not seen any specimens elsewhere than from Jamaica that
appear to agree with the description of the species.

5. D. glauea Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 209 (1833) ; leaves
deciduous, jointed above the sheath, oblong, with a very short
tip, inclined towards the end of the shoot ; lip 7 -nerved, with
a thick short claw, broadly cuneate, with each lateral angle
produced into a short ligulate lobe, apex retuse, at base a

DICHiEA 139

roundish callus ; capsule smooth. — Griseb. op. cit. 625. Epiden-
drum glaucum Sw. Prodr. 1 24 (1788). Cymbidium glaucum Sw.
in Nov. Act. Upsal. m. 71 (1799) & FJ. Ind. Occ. 1457. (PI. 30,
f. 13-16.) Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trees; in fl. July, Aug.; Blue Mts., Swartzl Wiles ! Macfadyenl
B. Thomson ! J. P. 31, Morris ! John Crow Peak, G. Nichols ! near Portland
Gap, Capper ! near Cinchona, Miss B. Capper ! Pleasant Hill, Harris !
FL. Jam. 7361. — Cuba, Mexico.

Plant to 1^ ft. Stems to 4" 5 dm., simple, clustered, erect, somewhat
stout, compressed, about 3 mm. br. Leaves of a glaucous colour, limb
3-5 • 5 cm. L, 9-13 mm. br., median nerve prominent or slightly keeled
below, lateral nerves 13-19 on each side, very thin ; sheaths 1"3-1*8 cm. L,
compressed, keeled. Peduncle about 2 cm. 1. ; bracts 5-5-6 mm. 1., upper
about 4 mm. from base; bracteole about 1*5 mm. L, broadly roundish,
apiculate. Flowers whitish. Sepals 3-nerved ; lateral oblong-ovate,
tapering to an acuminate apex, about 8 mm. L, 3*5 mm. br. ; median oval,
tapering to an acuminate apex, 7*5 mm. 1., 3*25 mm. br. Petals 3-nerved,
lanceolate-elliptical, acute, 7 mm. L, 2*75 mm. br. Lip nearly 6 mm. L,
about 5 mm. br. (exclusive of lobes). Column about 2*5 mm. L, 1'5 mm.
br., short, thick, slightly hooded above stigma, apiculate, stigmatic lip
triangular with a ligulate lobule at apex. Capsule obovate-ellipsoidal,
tapering to base, 2 cm. L, 6 mm. br.

6. D. Morrisii Fawc. & Rendle in Journ. Bot. xlviii. 107

(1910) ; leaves jointed above the sheath, deciduous, oblong or
oblong-ligulate, at apex rounded with a short or long tip, margin
ciliate above, spreading ; lip below linear-oblong, above dilated,
anchor-shaped, margin minutely ciliate, apex apiculate, lateral
lobes long, curved towards the base, subulate ; capsule densely
covered with long bristles, which are swollen at the base. (PL
30, f. 31-36.) Types in Herb. Mus. Brit., Bot. Gard. N. York &
Yale Univ.

On trees ; in fl. July ; Mt. Moses, 3500 ft., J. P. 2269, Morris ! Hardware
Gap, G. Nichols !

Plant to 1£ ft. 1. Stems to 4*5 dm. L, few. simple, stout, compressed,
4 mm. br. Leaves, limb 3 -5-5 cm. L, 10-13 mm. br., median nerve
prominent or slightly keeled below, lateral nerves 20-30 on each side, very
thin ; sheaths about 25 mm. L, compressed, keeled. Peduncle about
8 rnm. L, bracts at the base about 1 cm. 1. Sepals, margin ciliate ; lateral
7-nerved, ovate, shortly acuminate, 11-13 mm. L, 5"5-7 mm. br. ; median
9-nerved, oblong, tapering to an acute apex, as long as but narrower than
lateral. Petals 7-nerved, like the median sepal, 10 mm. L, 3*5 mm. br.
LAp white barred with brownish-red colour below, fleshy, about 9 mm. 1.
Column very short, thick, winged, 4 mm. 1. Capsule about 15 mm. L,
10 mm. br.

This species is named after Sir D. Morris, who discovered it. Since print-
ing our description in the Journal of Botany we have seen better material
kindly lent by Mr. G. E. Nichols, and have made a few emendations.

60. CAMPYLOCENTRUM Benth.

Epiphytic herbs ; with leafy stems, or stemless and leafless ;
with clustered roots. Leaves oblong, in two ranks. Flowers
minute, in two ranks, crowded, in spikes, radical or lateral. Bracts

140 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

small, persistent. Sepals free, subequal, erect, connivent. Petals
as long as the sepals, l>ut narrower. Lip as long as the sepals,
sessile at base of column, produced at the base into a more Or
less clavate spur, ofteo recurved; the Made somewhal quadrate
below, with convolute margins, produced upwards into a tri-
angular lobe. Column very short, without a foot ; anther
terminal, opercular, incumbent, convex, 2-celled ; pollinia 2,
globose, waxy, with filiform stalks. Capsule small, narrowly
oblong, dehiscing in the middle by three valves.

Species 30 in number, natives of tropical America from Brazil
to the West Indies and Mexico.

Leafy plants.

Leaves deeply 2-lobed at apex. Capsule
smooth.

Lip 4*5 mm. 1., terminal lobe about

half length of lip 1. C '. Barrcttice.

Lip about 3 mm. b, terminal lobe

less than half length of lip 2. C. jamaicense.

Leaves entire or only slightly lobed at

apex. Capsule ribbed 3. C. minus.

Leafless and stemless plants.

Bracts large, hooded, serrate 4. C. pachyrrhi.iuni.

Bracts small, entire 5. C. Sullivanii.

1. C. Barrettise Fence. & Bendle in Journ. Bot. xlvii. 127 (1909) ;
leaves deeply 2-lobed at apex ; spikes opposite to, and much
shorter than, the leaves, solitary or sometimes geminate, densely
flowered, 1-2*7 cm. 1. ; lip 4*5 mm. 1., 5-nerved above, 7 -nerved
at base, obsoletely 3-lobed, as long as the sepals, 2 mm. br.,
middle lobe linear-lanceolate, acute ; lateral lobes bluntly rounded,
not developed anteriorly, middle lobe about half length of the
lip, 2 mm. 1., nearly 1 mm. br. at base ; spur linear, narrowly
clavate, slightly constricted at the origin, 2 mm. 1., nearly 1 mm.
br., much shorter than the sepals, straight or slightly curved in
flower, spreading in fruit; capsule smooth. (PI. 31, f. 9-15.)

On trees; in n. Oct.-Jan. ; 27, Purdie ! New Part, St. Mary, Wilson I
Iron Biver, Water Valley, St. Mary, J. P. 2325, Syme ! near Browns Town,
Miss T. M. Barrett ! August Town, Moore ! Charlemont, near Ewarton,
1000 ft. ; near Gordon Town ; Green Vale, 2000 ft. ; near Browns Town,
1200 ft. ; Harris ! Albany, St. George, Watt ! Fl. Jam. 6580, 7172, 7801,
10,405, 10,406.

Plant 2-9 in. high. Boots somewhat slender, long, flexuose, canescent,
simple, 1-3 dm. b, 1-2 mm. br. Stem somewhat stout, slightly compressed,
emitting roots, simple, covered by the leaf-sheaths, becoming bare below,
5-26 cm. b, 2-3 mm. br. Leaves, blade rather large, somewhat leathery,
oblong to ligulate, tapering to the base, at the apex very obliquely 2-lobed,
lobes rounded at the apex, in two ranks, numerous, caducous at the base of
the stem, 3-7 cm. b, 8-15 mm. br., middle nerve prominent below, canali-
culate above, lateral nerves numerous ; sheaths closely adpressed, with
numerous ribs, 6-15 mm. 1. Bracts triangular, acute, 1 mm. 1. . Flowers
sessile. Sepals ligulate, apex subacute, slightly apiculate, concave,
3-nerved, 4-5 mm. b, a little over 1 mm. br. ; lateral, at the base slightly

CAMPYLOCENTEUM 141

oblique and not constricted. Petals linear-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved,
with involute margins, 4 mm. 1., 1 mm. br. Capsule (not ripe) elongated,
narrowly oblong, straight, 1 cm. 1.

2. C. jamaieense Fawc. FL PL Jam. 40 (1893) ; leaves deeply
2-lobed ; spikes opposite to, and very much shorter than, the
leaves, solitary, about 1 cm. 1. ; bracts triangular, acute, barely
1 mm. 1. ; lip 5-nerved above, 7-nerved at base, subquadrate with
an oblong shortly apiculate lobe, about 3 mm. 1., 1 * 75 mm. br. ;
apical portion less than half the length of the lip, a little over
1 mm. 1., *6 mm. br. ; spur cylindrical, less than 2 mm. 1.,
shorter than the sepals; capsule smooth. — Aeranthus jamaicensis
Reiclib. f. & WullscM. in Walp. Ann. vi. 901 (1861). Aeranthes
micrantha Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 625 (1864) (in part), non
Reichb. f.

Fairfield, 1053, Wullschlaegel !

Plant 4 in. high. Leaves elliptical, at apex very obliquely 2-lobed,
lobes rounded at the apex, in two ranks, numerous, caducous at the base
of the stem, 2*5-3 cm. 1., 1-1*3 cm. br. ; middle nerve prominent below,
canaliculate above, lateral nerves numerous ; sheaths tubular, closely
adpressed, with numerous ribs, 5-10 mm. 1. Sepals ligulate, apex obtuse,
shortly apiculate, concave, 3-nerved, about 3 mm. 1., less than 1 mm. br.
Petals similar to sepals. Capsule (not ripe) spindle-shaped, 8 mm. 1.

3. C. minus Fawc. & Rendle loc. cit. ; leaves, apex obtuse,
occasionally slightly 2-lobed, obliquely or not ; spikes opposite
to the leaves and about as long or longer, 2-4-clustered, densely
flowered, to 4 cm. 1. ; lip without nerves, obsoletely 3-lobed,
middle lobe triangular, acute, with involute margins; lateral
lobes rounded, projecting very slightly anteriorly; 2*5 mm. 1., at
lobes barely 2 mm. br. : middle lobe about 1 mm. 1., less than
half the length of the Hjj ; spur ellipsoidal, much constricted
at origin, 1'5 mm. 1., '7 mm. br., much shorter than the sepals,
spreading ; capsule 6-ribbed. (PI. 31, f. 5-8.)

On trees ; in fl. Dec, in fr. Jan. ; Cedar Hurst, Harris !

Plant to 5 or 6 in. high. Roots slender, long, flexuose, canescent,
simple, to 2 dm. 1., 1-1*5 mm. br. Stem slightly compressed, emitting
roots, simple, covered by the leaf -sheaths, to 16 cm. 1., about 2 mm. br.
Leaves, blade somewhat membranous, elliptical, in two ranks, numerous,
caducous near the base of the stem, 3-4 cm. 1., 7-12 mm. br., middle nerve
prominent below, canaliculate above, lateral nerves numerous ; sheaths
closely adpressed, with numerous ribs, 6-8 mm. 1. Bracts triangular,
acute, apiculate, keeled, 2 mm. 1., more than 2 mm. br Flowers sessile.
Sepals without nerves, median linear-lanceolate, acute, shorter than the
lateral, 2*3 mm. 1., barely 1 mm. br. at base, *7 mm. higher up; lateral
linear-lanceolate, acute, 2*6 mm. 1., •7 mm. br. Petals linear-lanceolate,
acute, without nerves, 2 mm. 1., *6 mm. br. Capsule (not ripe) oblanceolate,
6 mm. 1.

4. C. pachyrrhizum Rolfe in Orch. Rev. xi. 246 (1903) ; leaf-
less; bracts spathaceous, roundish, acuminate, cordate, margin
minutely eroded, reddish-brown, 3-4 mm. 1. — Aeranthus pachyr-

142 ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

rhizus Beichb. f. in Flora xlviii. 279 (1865) \ A., spathaceus Oriseb.
Cat. PI. Cub. 264 (1866).

On trees; Castleton; Cedar Burst; J. P. 2326, Syme\ Belvedere,
Hanover. .">(:<> ft., Harris I Fl. Jam. 7570. — Cuba, Trinidad, Guiana.

Plant less than 1 in. to 1£ in. high. Atrial tools hanging freo or some-
times attaching themselves to the kirk of trees, broad and flat, flexucse,
simple, to 3 dm. 1., to 4 mm. hr. Stem reduced to a knob from which the
aerial roots and the racemes spring. Leaves wanting. Spikes radical,
several, 8-many-clustered, with numerous flowers; peduncle puberulous.
Flowers sessile. Sepals, median narrowly triangular, 3-nerved, abruptly
acute, 4-6 mm. 1., about 1 mm.br.; lateral lanceolate, slightly oblique,
1-nerved, 5' 2 mm. 1., 1*2 mm. br. Petals subulate, 3-nerved, 4*5 mm. 1.,
1 mm. br. Lip, lower half suborbicular, upper triangular, acuminate ;
4 mm. 1., lower part about 2 mm. br., upper 1 mm. br. ; 9-nerved below,
5-nerved above. Spur narrowly ellipsoidal, slightly constricted at the
origin, about 2*5 mm. 1., *7 mm. br., spreading. Capsule ellipsoidal,
6-ribbed, about 8 mm. 1.

5. C. Sullivanii Faicc. & Bendle op. cit. 128; leafless; bracts
ovate, acute, clasping, 1*7 mm. 1., 1*3 mm. br. Aeranthes fili-
formis Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 625 (1864; (in part, excl. syn.).
(PL 31, f. 1-14.)

On trees; in fl. Jan.-March ; Negril ; Woodside, St. Mary; Purdiel
Manchester Mts., Wilson ! J. P. 34, Morris ! Spaldings, Sullivan \ Monk-
lands, Eoberts ! Alexandria, Ramble, Mrs. Bankine ! Belvedere, Hanover,
500 ft., Harris ! near Hope Bay, Moore ! Fl. Jam. 7523, 10,464.

Plant, raceme 1-2 in. high. Aerial roots hanging free or sometimes
attaching themselves to the bark of trees, somewhat slender, long, flexuose,
canescent, simple, to 3 dm. 1., 1*5-2 mm. br. Stem reduced to a knob,
from, which the aerial roots and the racemes spring. Leaves wanting.
Spikes radical, several, 4-7-clustered, with numerous flowers in two ranks,
3-6 cm. 1., rachis minutely puberulous. Pedicels short, about -7 mm. 1.
Ovary obovoid, 1*5-2 mm. 1., nearly 1 mm. br. Floivers brownish-
white. Sepals 1-nerved; median ovate, acute, apiculate, 1*4-1*7 mm. 1.,
•8 mm. br. ; lateral ovate-lanceolate, apiculate, 1*7-1*8 mm. 1., *7-*8
mm. br. Petals 1-nerved, oval or ovate-elliptical, subacute, 1*25 mm. 1.,
•6-* 7 mm. br. Lip 3-lobed, 7-nerved, 1*3 mm. 1., 1*3 mm. br., middle
lobe triangular, acute, apiculate, *25 mm. 1. ; lateral rounded ; spur linear,
slightly clavate, 1*1-1*2 mm. 1. Column green. Capsule broadly ellip-
soidal, 9-ribbed, 4 mm. 1., 2-3 mm. br.

C. filiforme Eolfe {Epidcndrum filiforme Sw. ; type in Herb. Mus. Brit,
from S. Domingo) differs from this species in the lip, the capitate spur,
and the obtuse sepals and petals.

61. HARRISELLA Fawc. & Rendle.

Epiphytic herbs, stemless and leaflless ; roots clustered.
Flowers minute, in two ranks, in lax few-flowered radical racemes,
jointed on a short pedicel which is swollen above. Bracts small,
persistent. Sepals free, subequal, erect, slightly spreading above.
Petals similar to, and as long as the sepals, but narrower. Lip
slightly longer than the sepals, sessile at base of column, pro-
duced at the base into a spur, globose from a very constricted
base ; the blade somewhat globose, embracing the column, and

HAEEISELLA 143

9

hooded over it. Column very short, without a foot ; anther
terminal, opercular, incumbent, rather flat, indistinctly 2-celled ;
pollinia 2, globose, waxy, with short filiform stalks. Capsule
small, shortly ellipsoidal, dehiscing from the apex by six valves
which are alternately broad and narrow.

Species, only one known, native of Jamaica and Cuba.

The genus is very near to Campylocentrum, in which it has been
included, but differs in the inflorescence, the lip, the form of the anther,
and the form and dehiscence of the capsule.

It is dedicated to Mr. Wiliam Harris, F.L.S., Superintendent of
Public Gardens, Jamaica, and an indefatigable collector, who has added
much to our knowledge of the Jamaican Flora.

H. porreeta Faivc. & Bendle in Journ. Bot. xluii. 266 (1909).
— Aeranthus porrectus Beiclib. f. in Flora xlviii. 279 (1865) ;
Griseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 265. Campylocentrum porrectum Bolfe in
Orrh. Bev. xi. 247 (1903); Ames Orch. i. 15, t, 4. (PL 31,
f. 16-21.)

On trees; in fl. and fr. in Nov.; Manchester, Purdiel above Hope
Mines, Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7762. — Cuba, Porto Rico, Florida, Yucatan.

Plant 1^-2 in. high. Aerial j-oots hanging free or sometimes attaching
themselves to the bark of trees, very slender, flexuose, white, canescent,
simple, to 1 dm. 1., "5 mm. br. Racemes several, clustered, zig-zag at
each node, 4-5 cm. 1. Bracts tubular below, obtuse, 1*3 mm. 1. Pedicels
slightly exceeding the bracts, thicker upwards than the base of ovary.
Flowers about J$ in. long, yellow-green. Ovary attenuated below,
glandular along six vertical lines, 2*7 mm. 1. Sepals reticulate-nervulose,
slightly keeled, a little over 2 mm. 1., median *8 mm. br. ; lateral 1 mm.
br. ; dorsal oval-elliptical, obtuse ; lateral oval, oblique, acute. Petals a
little over 2 mm. 1., -7 mm. br., linear, obtuse, apiculate, 1-nerved.
Lip 2*5 mm. 1., obtusely apiculate. Spur "7 mm. Column terete;
clinandrium 2-lobed anteriorly; anther-case, somewhat deltoid. Capsule
6 mm. 1., 5 mm. br.

62. DENDROPHYLAX Reichb. f.

Epiphytic leafless herbs, with the roots densely clustered, a
very short stem and no pseudobulb. Scapes thin, simple, with
small distant bracts. Flowers solitary on the scape or a few in
a raceme, very large, medium-sized or small. Sepals about equal,
free, spreading. Petals somewhat similar to the sepals. Lip
sessile at the base of the column, produced at the base into a
long spur much dilated towards the mouth, continuous with the
column, erect ; limb entire or 2-lobed. Column very short,
broad, without a foot. Anther terminal, opercular, incumbent,
indistinctly 2-celled ; pollinia 2, somewhat globose, waxv, each
with a stalk, which is simple or flat and 2-partite. Capsule
oblong or elongated.

Species about 5, natives of West Indies.

Sepals about f inch 1 1. D. funalis.

Sepals about 5 inch 1 2. D. Barrettics.

14-1- ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

1. D. funalis Fawc. Fl. PI. Jam. 40 (1893) ■ lip very large,
broad, with two rounded Lobes, united by a shorl claw to the
wide mouth of the Bpur, reticulate-9-veined, to apes of lateral
lobe 1*7 em. 1., 2*2 cm. br. j spur filiform, tapering tow aids

apex, nearly three times as long as the sepals, about 5*5 cm. 1.
— Epidendrum t'unale Sic. Pnxlr. 1 2G (1788). Limodorum
funale Sir. in Nov. Art. Upsal. ri. 79 (1799) & Fl. On: I,„l. Hi.
L521. CEceoclades funalis Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 237 (1833).
Angr?ecum funale Lindl. in Hot. Reg. xxvi. undi ,■ t. 68 (1840) ;
HooJc. in Bot. Mag. t. 4295. Aeranthus funalis Meichb. /'. in
Will p. Ann. vi. 902 (1861). Aeranthes funalis Griseb. Fl. Br.
W. Ind. 625 (1864). Polyrrhiza funalis Pfitz. in Engl & Prantl
Nat. Pflanzenf ii. ]>t. 6, 209 & 215 (1889). (PI. 32*.) Type in
Herb. Mus. Brit.

On trees ; in fl. Nov.-March ; Swartz ! Wag Water River, J.P. 2330,
Syme ! near Browns Town, Miss T. M. Barrett ! H. Levy ! near Christiana,
Mrs. Seivelll Blue Mts., Moore ! near Gordon Town; Hope Mines; Harris !
Fl. Jam. 5655, 7763, 9005.

Plant 5 or 6 in. high. Roots to 3 dm. or more 1., slender, compressed,
flexuose, canescent, simple, occasionally branched, repeatedly forming
new growths from the tips of the old roots. Stem very much reduced,
extending occasionally to scarcely 2 cm., covered with brown sheathing
scales, leafless, bearing long slender woody stolons. Scape simple, few-
flowered, 5-10 cm. 1. Bracts sheathing, wide at mouth, acute or acuminate,
brown, 4-5 mm. 1. Pedicel (of fruit) 1 to nearly 2 cm. 1. Sepals elliptical,
obtuse, reticulate-7-veined ; median spreading, about 2 cm. 1., 7 mm. br. ;
lateral deflexed, about 2*2 cm. 1., 6 mm. br. Petals oblong-elliptical,
subacute, reticulate-7-veined, spreading, about 2 cm. 1., 5-6 mm. br.
Column short, with two broad wings produced anteriorly. Anther sub-
hemispherical, cells not divided, but indicated by an almost obsolete wall
and by a longitudinal depression outside ; pollinia on a ribbon-like process
of the flat stalk. Capsule elongated, cylindrical, 6-angled, 7 cm. 1., about
•5 cm. br.

2. D. Barrettise Fawc. & Bendle in Journ. Bot. xlvii. 266
(1909) ; lip undivided, saccate, above broadly ovate, shortly
acuminate, extending about as far as lateral sepals ; spur
spreading, 2*3 cm. 1., increasing in thickness from the middle
towards the apex. Types in Herb. Kew. and in Herb. Mus.
Brit.

On trees ; in fl. in Aug. ; near Browns Town, Miss T. M. Barrett ! Hollv
Mount, Mt. Diabolo, 2600 ft., Harris !

A small stemless, leafless plant, about an inch high. Boots very slender,
flexuose, simple, to 12 cm. 1. Scapes several, clustered, simple, to 2 '5 cm.
1. Bracts few (three), tubular below, free part ovate, apiculate, 1-5 mm. 1.
Flowers small, one flower appearing at a time, greenish-white, the spur
rather lighter in colour. Sepals spreading, 3-nerved, linear-lanceolate, sub-
acute to acute, 5-6 mm. 1., 1*3-1 *5 mm. br. Petals erect, 3-nerved,
similar to sepals, linear-ligulate, acute, nearly 5 mm. 1., 1 mm. br. Column
very short, auriculate at apex as in D. funalis, auricles toothed on upper
margin ; anther-cells somewhat ovate-rectangular in outline ; pollinia with
a simple stalk.

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES

(Synonyms in italics)

Aeranthes filiformis Griseb
funalis Griseb. .
micrantha Griseb. .

Aeranthus funalis Reichb.
jamaicensis Reichb. f,
pachxjrrhizus Reichb.
spathaceus Griseb. .

Angrcecum female Lindl.

Arethusa geniianoides Siv

Arpophyllum .

giganteum Hartw.

/•

/

Bletia

acutipetala Hook. .
alta Hitchcock .
capitata R. Br. .
florida R. Br. . .
montana Reichb. f.
parviflora Reichb. f.
purpurea DC. .

Shepherdii Hook. .

Tankervillice R. Br.
verecunda DC. .
verecunda R. Br. .
Bolbophyllaria pachyrrhachis

Reichb. f. .
Brachionidium .
parvum Cogn. .

Sherringii Rolfe
Brassavola .

cordata Lindl. .

grandiflora Lindl.

nodosa Lindl. .

nodosa Hook. .

subulifolia Lindl.

subulifolia Rolfe

venosa Lindl. .

vomeriformis Reichb.
Brassia

caudata Lindl. .

guttata Lindl. .

maculata R. Br.

Wrayce Hook. .
Broughtoxia .

coccinea Hook. .

domingensis Rolfe.

lilacina Henfr. .

sanguinea R. Br. .

/

PAGE

142

144

141

144

141

141

142

144

15

82

82

110
111
111
107
111
79
106
110
111
109
111
111

118
76
77
77
104
105
105
104
105
105
105
105
107
128
129
128
128
128
100
100
10L
101
100

BULBOPHYLLUM .

jamaicense Cogn. .
pachyrrhachis Griseb.

Cactus parasiticus L. .
Calanthe

mexicana Reichb. f. .
Calopogon pulchellus R. Br
Gamaridium parviflorum

Faivc

Campylocentrum .

Barrettiae Fawc. & Rendle

filiforme Rolfe .

jamaicense Fawc. .

minus Fawc. & Rendle

pachyrrhizurn Rolfe .

porrectum Rolfe

Sullivanii Fawc. & Rendle
Cattleya domingensis Lindl.
Chloidia flava Reichb. f.

polystachya Reichb. f.

vernalis Lindl. .

CCELIA

Bauerana Lindl. .
triptera G. Don
Ccelogyne triptera Brongn

COMPARETTIA

falcata Pcepp. & Endl
Corymbis flava Hemsl. .

CORYMBORCHIS .

flava Kuntze .

polystachya Kuntze
Cranichis ....

aphylla Sw.

diphylla Sw.

luteola Siv. .

muscosa Sw.

oligantha So). .

pauciflora Sw. .

pilosa Fawc. & Rendle

stachyodes Sw. .

ventricosa Griseb. .
Cryptarrhexa .

lunata R. Br. .

pallidiflora Reichb. f
Cryptophoranthus

atropurpureus Rolfe

PAGE

117
118
118

17
109
110
111

122
139
140
142
141
141
141
143
142
101
40
41
41
80
80
80
102
126
126
40
40
40
41
32
30
33
48
32
36
38
33
35
39
134
135
135
49
49

14(5

OHCHIDS OF JAMAICA

Cymbidium echinocarpon Sw.
flabelliforme Sw.

glaucum Siv. .
globosum Sw. .
guttatum Willd.
graminoides Sw.

iincare Sw. .

montanum Sir..

muricatum Sic

proliferwm Sw..

serrulatum Sic.

teretifolium Sw.

testcefolium Sw.

tetrapctalum Sw.

trichocarpon Sw.

triptcrum Siv. .

triguetrum Siv.

utriculatum Sic.

verecundum Siv.

vestitum Sw.

cexilliferum Llave iC Lex
Cyrtopera longifolia Cogn.

Wbodfordii Lindl..
Cyrtopodium Woodfordii Sims

Dcndrobium album Hook

alpcstre Sw.

Barringtonicc Sw.

corniculatum Siv.

lanccola Sw.

laxum Sw. .

longifolium H. B. i

micrantlium Sw.

ophioglossoides Sw

palmifoUum Sw.

polystacliyum Sw.

raccmiflorum Sw.

ruscifolium Sw.

sang ui nciim Sic.

scrtularioides Sic.

testiculatum Sw.

tribuloidcs Sw..

utricularioides Sw
Dendkophylax

Barrettise Fawc. &

funalis Fawc. .

DlCH.EA ....

echinocarpa Lindl.

glauca Lindl. .

graminea Griseb.

graminoides Lindl

Morrisii Fawc. & Kendle

muricata Lindl.

pendula Cogn. .

trichocarpa Lindl.
Dicrypta Baueri Lindl.
Dincma polybitlbon Lindl.

t K.

Rendle

l'AGK
13G

117

139

99

130

138

78

79

137

123

99

99

G2

130

137

80

131

114

111

123

44

113

112

112

120

56

114

61

65

57

112

50

51

115

48

54

58

101

65

126

62

125

143

144

144

135

136

138

138

133

139

137

137

137

121

95

Elleakthus

capitatus Heiclib. f.

longibractcatus Fawc
Epidendrum

alpestre Sw.

altissimum Jacq. .

anceps Jacq.

anceps Siv. .

angustifolium Sw.

angustilobum Fawc
Rendle

Bairingtonue Smith

belvederense Fawc .
Rendle

bifarium Sw.

bletioides Griseb. .

bracbyglossum Cogn.

can da t mn L.

ciliare L.

claviculatiim Sw. .

cochlear i folium Siv.

cochleatum L. .

corniculatum Siv. .

difforrne Jacq. .

cliff usum Sw. .

echinocarpon Sw. .

fili forme Sw.

flabelliforme Sw. .

fragrans Sw.

fiinale Sw. .

fuscatum SmitJi

glaucum Sw.

globosum Jacq.

graminoides Sw. .

guttatum L.

Harrisii Fawc.

imbricatum Lindl.

jamaicense Lindl. .

labiatum Sw. .

lanccola Sw.

laxum Siv. .

linear e Jacq.

micrantlium Siv. .

minutum Aubl.

monophyllum Hook.

montanum Sw.

monticolum Fawc.
Rendle

nocturnum Jacq. .

nodosum L.

nodosum var. j8. L.

nutans Sw.

ophioglossoides Jacq.

Ottonis Reichb. f. .

ovale Siv.

palmifoUum Siv. .

parviloburn Fawc
Rendle

&

85,

&

&

PAGE

107

107

108

82

56

133

90

95

98

87
114

97
94
96
98

129
84
17
73

101
61
88
81

136

142

117
85

144
90

139
99

138

130
96
94
88

134
64
57
78
50
48
60
79

97

87

105

101

90

51

95

71

115

97

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES

147

Epidendrum — continued

patens Sw. .

polybulbon Sw.

proliferum Sw.

pulclicllum Siv.

pygmceum Hook.

racemiflorum Sw

ramosum Jacq.

repens Cogn.

rigidum Jacq. .

rivulare Lindl.

ruscifolium Jacq.

sanguineum Sw.

satyrioides Sw.

serrulatum Sw.

sertularioides Sw

sessile Siv. .

spondiadum Reicbb. f

strobiliferum Reicbb.

subaquilum Lindl.

teretifolium Sw.

testccfolium Siv.

tetrapctalum Jacq.

tribuloides Sw.

triclwcarpon Siv.

tridentatum Fawc.

tridentatum Sw.

trigoniflorum Siv.

tripterum Sm. .

triquetrum Sw.

umbellatum Sw.

undulatum Sw.

ntricularioides Sic

Vanilla L. .

variegatum Hart

verrucosum Sw.

vestitum Sw.

vomeriforme Sw.

vomiforme Sw. .
Erythrodes

birtella Fawc

jamaicensis
Rendle

plantaginea
Rendle
Eulophia ....

alta Fawc. & Rendle

Woodfordii Rolfe .
Evelyna capitata Pocpp
Endl

longibracteata Lindl.

Galeandra ....
Beyrichii Reicbb. f.
Ghiesbrcghtia calanthoides

Eich. & Gal. .
Goyenia ....
utriculata Lindl

f.

& Rendle
Fawc.

Fawc. &

&

PAGE
89

95

123

68

102

54

92

93

91

91

58

100

126

98

65

120

86

93

96

99

62

130

62

137

90

75

51

80

131

88

132

125

18

86

89

123

107

107

27

29

29

28
112
112

112

108
108

%

47

110
113
113

Greenwitbe .
Ground Coco

&

Habenaria ....

alata Hook. .

brachyceras Spreng.

brachyceras Lindl.

brachyceratitis Willd.

distans Griseb..

eustacbya Reichb. f.

jamaicensis Fawc.d; Rendle

macroceras Spreng.

macroceratitis Willd. .

maculosa Lindl. .

monorrhiza Reicbb. f.

monorrhiza Cogn. .

obtusa Lindl. .

Purdiei Fawc. & Rendle

guadrata Lindl. .

repens Nutt.

Sanbornii Ames

socialis Fawc. & Rendle

tricaspis A. Rich. .

troyana Fawc. & Rendle
Harrisella

porrecta Fawc. & Rendle
Heterotaxis crassifolia Lindl.

HOMALOPETALUM .

javiaicense Rolfe .
vomeriforme Fawc.
Rendle ....

Hormidium

pygmceum Hemsl. .
tripterum Cogn.

Ioxopsis

satyrioides Reicbb. f. .

tenera Lindl. .

teres Lindl

testicnlata Lindl. .

utricularioides Lindl. .
Isochilus

globosum Lindl.

linearis R. Br. .

prolifer R. Br. .

teretifolium Lindl.

LiELIA

monopbyila N. E. Brown
Lceliopsis doming ensis Lindl
Leochilus

cochlearis Lindl. .

labiatus Kuntze
Lepanthes

arcuata Fawc. & Rendle

bilabiata Fawc. & Rendle

brevipetala Fawc.
Rendle

cocblearifolia Sw. .

&

PAGE

17
113

10

11, 13

11

13

11

12

14

12

10

10

11

11

13

13

13

14

11

14

13

12

14

142

143

120

106

107

107
101
102
102

124

125

125

126

125

125

77

99

78

123

100

102

103

101

133

134

134

66

73

74

74
73

148

OKCIIIDS OF JAMAICA

&

LiEPAUTHES — continual.

concinna Sw

concolor Fawc. & Rendle

divaricata Fawc. & Rendle

elliptica Fawc. & Rendle

llarrisii Fawc. & Rendle

Loddigesiana Reichb. f.

obtusa Fawc. & Rendle

obtusipetala Fawc.
Rendle ....

ovalis Fawc. & Rendle

pulchella Sw. .

quadrata Fawc. & Rendle

rotundata Griseb,

sanguinea Hook.

tridentata Sw. .

tridentata Lindl.

Woodiana Fawc. & Rendle

Wullsehlaegelii Fawc. &

Rendle

Limodorum altum Jacq. .

altum Sims

altum L 111.

floridum Salisb. . . 111.

funale Siv. .

gentianoides Sw.

lanceolahim Aubl

'pendulum Aubl.

purpureum Lam.

Tancarvillea, Banks .

Tankervillics Dry and.

tuberosum Jacq.

tuberosum L. .

utriculatum Sw. .

verccundum Salisb.

LlPAEIS

cardiophylla Ames .

elata Lindl

elliptica Reichb. f. .
Harrisii Fawc. & Rendle
jamaicensis Lindl.
neuroglossa Reichb. f.
rotundifolia Cogn..
Saundersiana Reichb. f .
vexillifera Cogn. .
Lycaste ......

Barringtoniee Lindl. .

Macradenia

lutescens R. Br.
Malaxis

Grisebachiana Fawc.
Rendle ....

integra Fawc. & Rendle

spicata Sw

umbelliflora Sw. .

umbellulata Sw. .

nnifolia Michx,

&

PAGE

71
76
70
74
75
70
72

72
71
68
75
70
68
75
70
69

69
111
111
112
112
144
15
23
136
111
109
109
111
111
114
111
44
45
46
44
45
44
45
45
46
44
114
114

123

124
41

43
43
42
42
42
43

I'AGK

Masdevallia fenestrate Lindl.. 50

Maxillaria 119

alba Lindl 120

Barringtomce Lodd. . . 114

ciliata Lindl 114

crassifolia Reichb. f. . . 120

decolor Lindl 115

jxdmifolia Lindl. . . . 115

rufescens Lindl. . . . 119

sessilis Fawc. & Rendle . 120

stachyobiorum Reichb. f. . 116
Mi croslylis Grisebachiana

Faivc. <& Rendle .... 43

integra Fawc. & Rendle . 43

spicata Lindl 42

umbelliflora Hilchc. . . 42

umbellulata Lindl. . . 42

Ncottia, adnata Sw 21

calcarata Hook. ... 21

elata Sw 26

flava Sw 40

glandulosa Sims ... 37

Orchioides Sw 23

orchioides Sims ... 24

polystachya Sw. ... 41

speciosa Jacq 23

squamulosa H. B. & K. . 24

tortilis Sw 25

Neo-Uebania 121

adendrobium Fawc. &

Rendle 122

Octadesmia 78

elata Benth. & Hook. f. . 79

monophylla Benth. . . 103

montana Benth. ... 79

Octomeria serratifolia Hook. . 79

CEceoclades funalis Lindl. . . 144

Oncidium 129

altissimum Sw. . . . 133

Carthaginense Sw. . . 132

guttatum Fawc. & Rendle 130

guttatum Reichb. f. . . 132

labiatum Reichb. f. . . 134

leucochilum Bateman . 132

luridum Lindl. . . . 132

pulchellum Hook. . . . 131

quadripetalum Sw. . . 130

sphacelatum Lindl. . . 133

sylvestre Lindl. . . . 130

tetrapetalum Willd. . . 130

tricolor Hook 130

triquetrum R. Br. . . . 131

variegatum Sw. . . . 130

Orchis habenaria L. . . . 10

hirtella Sw 29

monorrhiza Sw. ... 11

plantaginea Sic. ... 28

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES

140

PAGE

Ornithidium 122

coccineum Salisb. . . . 123

proliferum Fawc. & Rendle 123

vestitum Reichb. f. . . 122

Pelexia

20

adnata Spreng

21

21

spiranthoides Lincll. .

21

spiranthoides Griseb. .

26

Phaius

108

grandifolius Lour..

109

Tancarvillese Blume .

109

Physurus hirtellus Lindl. .

29

jamaicensis Fawc. & Rendl

e 30

plantagineus Lindl. .

28

Pleurothallis .

52

alpestris Lindl.

56

atropurpurea Lindl. .

49

brachypetala Griseb. .

59

confusa Fawc. & Rendle .

60

corniculata Lindl.

61

crassipes Lindl.

56

delicatula Lindl. .

63

emarginata Lindl.

60

foliata Griseb

66

55

Helena? Fawc. & Rendle

64

hirsutula Fawc. & Rendk

i 58

jamaicensis Rolfe .

63

lanceola Spreng. .

64

57

longissima Lindl. .

54

microlepantbes Griseb.

65

monopbylla Fawc. &

j

Rendle ....

60

Morrisii Fawc. & Rendle

60

multicaulis Poepp. & Endl

. 58

mnltirostris Reicbb. f.

. 57

nigroannulata Cogn. .

.56,57

oblongifolia Lindl.

54

pacliyrachis A. Rich. .

. 118

pruinosa Lindl.

. 58

raceminora Lindl.

. 54

racemiflora Locld. .

54

rotundifolia Rolfe .

. 61

ruscifolia R. Br. .

58

sertularioides Spreng.

. 65

testifolia Lindl.

. 62

tribuloides Lindl. .

. 62

trilobata Fawc. & Rendle

66

uncinata Fawc.

. 63

univaginata Lindl.

55

velaticaulis Reicbb. f.

. 56

Wilsonii Lindl.

59

15

gentianoides Spreng. .

15

Pogonia — continued.

macrepbylla Lindl.

physuri folia Reichb. f.
Polyrrhiza funalis Pfitz. .

POLYSTACHYA ....

extinctoria Reichb. f. .
foliosa Griseb. .
foliosa Reicbb. f. .
hit cola Hook. .
luteola Reichb. f. .
membranacea A. Rich.
minor Fawc. & Rendle
minuta Britton
Ponera adendrobiuni Reichb. f

POXTHIEVA ....

glandulosa R. Br. .
Harrisii Cogn. .
pauciflora Fawc. & Rendle
ventricosa Fawc.& Rendle
Prescottia ....
viyosurus Reichb. /.
oligantba Lindl.
stacbyodes Lindl. .

PSEUDOCENTRUM

minus Bentb. .

Rhyncadenia cabensis A. Rich

Satyrium adnatnm Sir

elatum Sw. .

hirtellum Sic. .

Orchioides Sw.

plantagineum Lj.

spirale Sw. .
Sauroglossum tenue Lindl.
Scapbyglottis prolifera Cogn.

SCHOMBURGKIA ....

carinata Griseb.

Lyonsii Lindl. .
Seraphyta

diffusa Pfitz.

multiflora Fisch. & Mcy.
Serapias flava Siv. .

polystachya Sic.
Specklinia atropurpurea Lindl
Spiranthes .

apiculata Lindl.

bicolor Lindl. .

elata L. C. Ricb.

Fawcettii Cogn.

quadridentata L. C. Rich

tortilis L. C. Rich.
Stelis

micrantba Sw.

opbioglossoides Sw.

polystachya Cogn. .
Stenoptera Presl .

ananassocotnos Reichb. f

PAGE

15
15

114
48
48
49
49
48
48
41
49
48

122
36
37
3S
38
39
35
35, 36
36
35
31
31

124

21
26
29
23
28
25
27
123
103
103
103
81
81
81
40
41
49
25
25
26
26
27
25
25
50
50
51
51
34
34

150

ORCHIDS OF JAMAICA

Si t.noukiiyncos

lanoeolatns ( S-riseb.
orchioides Lindl, .
Bpeciosus 1 lindl.
Bquamulosua
.lion die

Fawc

&

Till! \MICRA ....

monlana Qriseb.
parviflora Lindl. .
Trichopilia ....

jamaicensis Fawc.
Rendle
Trigonidium monophylluin

Qriseb

Tropidia

Katoni Ames
polystachya Ames .

Vanilla

an aroma tica Qriseb .
aroma tica Sir. .
baibellata Reichb. f.

PAGE

22

28

23,24

22

PAGE

24

105
79

10G
127

127

103
40
41
41

1G
IS
19
17

Va n i LLA— con till ucd.

olavioulata 8w..

16

clanciilala Lindl, .

18

grandiflora Lindl. .

. 20

inodora Schiode

17

mexicana Miller

10

phseantha Reichb. i. .

]'.)

planifolia Andrews

19

pompona Schiede .

. 20

Wrightii Ileichb. f.

. 18

Wild Coco

. 113

WULLSCHL.T.fil'J.IA .

30

aphylla Reichb. i. .

30

Xylobium

. 115

palmifolium Fawc.

. 115

stachyobiorum Hemsl.

. 11G

Zygopetalum ....

. 11G

cochleare Lindl.

. 117

Habelliforme Reichb. f.

. 117

PLATES

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1

Habenaria macroceratitis

1. Flower, natural size.

H. distans var. jamaicensis (H. jamaicensis)

2. Flower X about 2.

3. Petal X 5.

Habenaria alafa

4. Flower X nearly 2.

5. Column and lip with part of petals X 4.

6. Petal X 5.

7. Lip, under side X 7.

Habenaria monorrhiza

8. Flower X between 2 and 3.

9. Smaller flower do.

10. Petal X 5.

Pogonia macrophylla

11. Upper part of stem X §•

Orchids of Jamaica

Pl.l

H.A.WOOD DEL.

HIGHLLr LITIi.

1 Habenaria macroceratitis ; 2,3 H.distans var.-,
4-7 H.alata; 8-10 H.monorrhiza •. 11 Po$oma macrophy 11 a.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 2

Habenaria Purdiei

1. Mower X 2.

2. Lateral sepal X 3.

3. Petal x 3.

Habenaria social i*

4. Flower X 2.

5. Lateral sepal X 4.

6. Petals x 4.

7. Lip x 4.

Habenaria troyana

8. Flower X 2.

9. Lateral sepal X about 5.

10. Petal X 4.

11. Another form of petal X 4.

12. Lip X 4.

Pogonia gent iano ides

13. Plant, natural size (from Swartz's type).

14. Flower X 2.

15. Lip X 4.

Vanilla inodora

16. Lip and column X \.

Vanilla Wrightii

17. Flower, with one sepal and one petal removed, X J.

Vanilla claviculata (by error parasitica)

18. Lip and column x h.

19. Column showing attachment of portion of lip X h

Vanilla phseantha

20. Lip (cut open) and column X J.

Pelexia setacea

21. Flower, nat. size.

22. Flower, with two sepals and one petal removed, nat. size,

Orchids of Jamaica

PI. 2

21

h A WCCD D£^./6-22

- '-LcY DEL & . T)

1-3 Habenana Purdiei ; 4-7 H. socialis : 3'12 H.troyana;
13 15 Pogonia gentianoides;16 Vanilla inodora-, 17 V.Wright

18-19 V parasitica, 2 0 V.phaeantha-, 21. 22 Pelexia setacea.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 3

Spiranthes fort His

1. Flower \ I

2. Lip X 4.

3. Column x about •*), from side.
I. Do. from back.

5. Do. from front.

Spiranthes Fawcettii

G. Flower X about 2 J.

7. Lip x 3.

8. Column x 3, from front.

9. Do. from back.

Spiranthes elata

10. Lateral sepal x 4.

11. Median sepal X 4.

12. Petal X 4.

13. Another form of do.

14. Lip x 4.

Erythrodes plantaginea

15. Flower, with part of the sepals and one petal removed, X 3.

Erythrodes hirtella

16. Flower x 3.

17. Flower, with lateral sepals and one petal removed, X 3.

18. Column and spur X about 4.

19. Do. from side.

Eryth rodes jamaieensia

20. Lip and spur X 3.

Stenorrhyncos squamulosus

21. Flower x 1-J-.

Stenorrhyncos laneeolatus

22. Flower x H.

Wullsch Isegelia a/phylla

23. Plant, nat. size (from Swartz's type).

24. Flower, with lateral sepal pulled down and a petal
removed, x 6.

Orchids of Jamaica

PI. 3

H. A WOOD DLL. I -9 , IS- 19,21 .22

-llGHLEY DEL & LITH.

1-5 Spiranthes torulis; 6-9 S.Fawcettn. 10-14 S .elata ,
15 Erythrodes piantaginea; 16-19 E.hirtella-, 20 E.jamaicensis;
21 Stenorrhyncos squamulosus; 22 S.lanceolatus;
23 -25 Wullschlasgelia aphylla.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 4

Pseudocentrum minus

1. Plant, half natural size.

2. Flower, about nat. size, from sioV

3. Do. from back.

4. Do. from front.

5. Flower x about 3.

6. Section of flower x between 2 and 3.

7. Column enlarged.

8. Column from side enlarged.

9. Anther enlarged.

10. Anther, with pollinia, enlarged.

11. Pollinia enlarged.

Orchids of Jamaica

PI. 4

HA. WOOD DEL.

Pseudo centrum minus

HIGHLEY LITH.

KXPLANATION OF PLATE 5

Cranichis pilosa

1. Raceme, natural size.

2. Flower X about 4 J.

3. Column, with lip thrown back, X about 10.

Prescottia oligantha

4. Flower, with one sepal and one half and one petal
removed, X 16.

Stenoptera ananassocomos

5. Plant, nat. size.

6. Flower x 8.

Ponthieva Harrisii

7. Raceme, nat. size.

8. Flower, with sepal thrown back, X about 3.

9. Flower, with one sepal and one half and one petal
removed, X about 6.

10. Anther enlarged, from different points of view.

11. Pollinia enlarged.

Ponthieva paucijlora

12. Flower, with one sepal and one petal removed, X about 6.

13. Lip x about 6.

Corymborchis flava

14. Flower, with lip and lateral sepals spread out, nat. size.

Tropidia polystachya

15. Flower X 2.

Orchids of Jamaica

PI. 5

- - .VOOD DEL. 1-4, " '3

HIGH LEY DEL & LlTH.

1-3 Cramchis pilosa; 4Prescottia oligantha-,
5;6 Stenoptera ananassocomos; 7-10 Ponthieva Harrisii;

12 ,13 P. pauciflora ; 14 Corymb orchis flava ,
15 Tropidia polysrachya. .

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 6

Ziiparia Harrisii

1. Top of flower-spike, natural size.

2. Sepal pressed flat X 2J.

3. Lip pressed flat X 3.

4. Column x 5, from the front.

5. Do. from the side.

IAparis Saundersiana

6. Top of flower-spike, nat. size.

7. Column, from the front, enlarged,

8. Column, from the side, enlarged.

9. Anther case enlarged.

10. Pollinia enlarged.

Malaxis Integra

11. Plant, lower portion, nat. size.

12. Top of flower-spike, nat. size.

13. Flower x about 6, from front.

14. Do. from back.

15. Lip X about 8.

16. Column enlarged.

17. Pollinia enlarged.

Malaxis Grisebachiana

18. Plant, lower portion, nat. size.

19. Top of flower-spike, nat size.

20. Flower x about 6, from front.

21. Do. from back.

22. Column enlarged.

23. Pollinia enlarged.

Orchids of .Jamaica

PL 6

15

h A.WOOD DEL

HIGH LEY LITH

. ; Liparis Harrisii; 6 -10 L .Saundersiana;
11-17 Malaxis mtegra, 18-23 M Grisebacmana

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 7

Oaleandra Beyrichii

1. Paii of peduncle with one flower, about natural size.

2. Lip lorn away at base and flattened, with column, about
nat. size.

3. Anther enlarged.

Polystachya fninuta

4. Flower, with one sepal and one half removed, and lip
turned back, X about 4.

5. Lip spread out X about 5.

Polystadiya minor

6. Flower, with one sepal and one half and one petal
removed, and lip turned back, x about 4.

7. Lip spread out x about 5.

Cryptoph oranthus a troparpu reus

8. Flower, nat. size.

9. Flower, with sepals removed and one petal turned
back, x 3.

10. Lip X 3.

Stelis ophioglossoides

11. Raceme and part of leaf, nat. size.

12. Flower x 5.

13. Petals, lip and column X 16.

14. Column viewed more from the anterior X 16.

Stelis micrantha

15. Raceme and part of leaf, nat. size.

16. Flower (Fl. Jam. 10,087) X 5.

17. Petals, lip and column of do. X 16.

18. Column of do., viewed more from behind, X 16.

19. Flower (Fl. Jam. 7835) x 5.

20. Petals, lip and column of do. X 16.

21. Petal of do. lying natter x 16.

22. Lip of do. lying flatter x 16.

23. Bud of do. x 16.

24. Column of do. x 16.

25. Pollinia X 16.

26. Flower of Sowerby's specimen x 5.

27. Flower of Swartz's specimen X 5.

28. Flower (J.P. 23) x 5.

Orchids of Jamaica

PI. 7

WOOD DEL .

18 HIGHLEY OEL& LITH.

raleandraBeyrichiij4,5 Polystachya iriinuta; 6,7 P- minor
8-10 Cryptophoranthus atropurpureus -, 11-14 Stelis ophioglossoides-,

15-28 S.micrantha.

K.\rLANATION OF PLATE 8

Pleurothallis trilobata

1. Plant, natural size.

2. Flower x -r>.

3. Petal X 9.

4. Lip X 10.

5. Column X 10.

G. Pollinia enlarged.

Pleurothallis brachypctala

7. Plant, nat. size.

8. Flower with part of the sepals removed x 7

9. Lip X 10.

10. Lip spread out X 10.

Pleurothallis rotundifolia

11. Plant, nat. size.

12. Flower X 4.

13. Petal x 7.

14. Lip x 6.

15. Lip spread out X 6.

16. Column x 7.

Pleurothallis velaticaulis

17. Portion of stem with leaf and raceme, nat. size.

18. Flower X 5.

19. Dorsal sepal x 5.

20. Lateral sepal X 5.

21. Petal X 8.

22. Lip x 7,

Orchids of Jamaica

PL 8

FAWCETT DEL II 16

HIGH LEY O EL & UTH.

1 6 Pleurothallis trilobata, HO P. brachypetala.
Ili6 P. rotundifolia ■, 17-22 P.velaticaulis.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 9

Pleurothallis Morrisii

1. Plant, natural size.

2. Petal x 15.

3. Lip x 15.

4. Column X 15.

Pleurothallis confusa

5. Portion of plant, nat. size.

6. Petal X 15.

7. Lip x 9.

Pleurothallis Wilsonii

8. Lip X 9.

Pleurothallis Helense

9. Plant, nat. size.

10. Flower spread out x 6.

11. Lip x 19.

12. Ovary and column X 15.

13. Anther case enlarged.

14. Pollinia enlarged.

Pleurothallis hirsutula

15. Portion of plant, nat. size.

16. Flower X 4.

17. Petal X 5.

18. Lip x 6.

19. Column x 7.

Orchids of Jamaica

PI. 9

H A WOOD OEL 9 i*

HIGtiLBY D£L & LITH.

1-4* Pleurothallis Morrisii; 5 -7 P confusa:
8 P.Wilsoni; 9i4 P Helense; 1549 P.hirsutula.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 10

Pleurothallis uncinata

1. Plant, half natural size.

2. Capsule and flower, nat. size.

3. Petal X about 4 times.

4. Lip X about 4 times.

5. Column enlarged.

Orchids of Jamaica

PI. 10

Pie uro thai lis uncinata

HIGHLEY DEL & LITH.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1 I

Lepanthes arcuata

1 . Plant, natural size.

2. Flower with dorsal sepal in front x 1 1 .

3. Do. with lateral sepal in front x 11.

4. Flower flattened out X 13,

5. Petal flattened out X 14.

6. Anther case enlarged.

7. Pollinia enlarged.

Lepanthes Harrisii

8. Plant, nat. size.

9. Flower flattened out x 9.

10. Anther case enlarged.

1 1 . Pollinia enlarged.

Lepanthes Wood! ana

12 & 13. Plant nat. size.

14. Flower flattened out X 12.

15. Capsule enlarged.

1G. Anther case enlarged.
17. Pollinia enlarged.

Lepanthes elUptica

18. Plant, nat. size.

19. Flower flattened out x •*>•

20. Petals and column enlarged.

21. Lip enlarged.

Lepanthes brevipetala

22. Plant, nat. size.

23. Flower flattened out X 12.

Orchids of Jamaica

PL 11

I&A WOOD DEL. I -17

HHSHLEY D£l <t LITH

1-7 Lepanthes arcuata: 8-11 L.Harrisii;
12-17 L.Woodiana-. 18-21 L.elliptica; 22.23 L.brevipetala

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 12

Brachionidium Sherringii

1. Plant, natural size.

2. Leaf showing position of sheaths x 2.

3. Flower X 1J, from front.

4. Do. from back.

5. Dorsal sepal x about 2.

6. Lateral sepals x about 2.

7. Petal x about 2.

8. Lip and column X 17, side view.

9. Do. back view.

10. Anther case enlarged.

11. Pollinia enlarged.

Orchids of Jamaica

PL 12

H.A WOOD DEL

Brachionidium Sherringii

HIGtiLEY LITIi

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 13

Coelia triptera

1. Plant, half natural size.

2. Flower with dorsal sepal held down X 2.

3. Flower with sepals and petals removed X 2.

4. Do. from one side x 2.

5. Column enlarged.

6. Anther enlarged.

7. Pollinia enlarged.

Isochilus linearis

8. Plant, half nat. size.

9. Flower x nearly 2.

10. Flower, with half the sepals and one petal removed, X 3.

11. Lip x 3.

12. Anther enlarged

13. Pollinia enlarged.

Orchids of Jamaica

PI. 13

ivOOD DEL

hiGriLEr LITH.

1"7 Coelia triptera; 8-13 Jsochilus linearis

EXPLANATION OF PLATE I!

Seraphyta diffusa

1. Flower x about 3.

2. Anther enlarged.

3. Pollinia enlarged.

Ar i>opliyllum giganteum

4r. Upper portion of spike, natural size.

5. Flower x 2.

6. Lip and column X 2.

7. Do. with lip depressed.

8. Anther enlarged.

9. Pollinia enlarged.

Brouglitonia sanguinea

10. Flower, with one sepal and one half and one

petal removed, nat. size.

11. Lip slightly enlarged.

12. Column x about 2.

13. Anther enlarged.

14. Pollinia enlarged.

Brouglitonia domingensis

15. Upper portion of spike, nat. size.
1G. Lip, nat. size.

17. Column x about 2.

18. Anther enlarged.

19. Pollinia enlarged.

Orchids of Jamaica

PL 14

16

VOOD DEL

HIGHLEY LITH

13 Seraphyta diffusa-, 4-9 Arpophyllum giganteum, 10-14 Broughtonia

sanguine a, 15-19 B dommgensis

EXPL \ NATION OF PLATE 15

Epidendrum angustilobum
! . Flo* <t, natural size.

Epidendrum noctwnum

'2. Lip and column, oat. size.

Epidendrum difforme
3. Flower x -.

Epidendrum serrulafii m
[. Flower with lateral sepal and petal removed x 5.

Epidendrum nutans

5. Flower x lo.

Epidendrum hi f avium

6. Flower x G.

Epidendrum rivulare

7. Flower slightly enlarged.

Epidendrum Ottoni*

8. Flower x 4.

Epidendrum imbrica turn

9. Flower X 3.

Epidendrum anceps

10. Flower slightly enlarged.

Epidendrum verrueosum

11. Flower slightly enlarged.

Ep>idendrum ramosum

12. Lip and column X 4.

OrclncLs of Jamaica

PL 15

H A WOOD DEL

Epideiidrum 3 pp.

HlGHLEY UTH

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1G

Epidendrum monticolum

1. Plant, natural size.

2. Flower X U-.
."». Petal X 2J."

4. Lip x 2|.

Epidendrum parvilohum

5. Plant, lower part, with leaf, nat. size.

6. Petal x 3.

7. Lip x 3.

Epidendrum behederense

8. Petal x 3.

9. Lip x 3.

10. Capsule, nat. size,

Orchids of Jamaica

PI 16

HA WOOD DEL. 14

HIGHLEY DEL & LITH

1-4 Epidendrum monticolum-. 5"7 E.parvilobum:
8~10 E . belvederense .

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 17

Hormidium tripterum

1. Portion of plant, natural size.

2. Flower x 3.

3. Column and lip, anther removed X about 7

4. Anther enlarged, side view.

5. Do. front view.

Lselia monophylla

6. Stem with roots and leaf, nat. size.

7. Flower, nat. size.

8. Lip and column x 4.

9. Lip spread open X 4.

10. Anther enlarged from back.

11. Do. from front.

12. Pollinia enlarged.

Octadesmia montana

13. Portion of stem, nat. size.

14. Column enlarged front view.

15. Do. back view.

16. Pollinia enlarged.

Orchids of Jamaica

PI. 17

1~5 Hormidium tripterum, 6-12 Laelia monophylla ■,
13-16 Octadesmia montana.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 18

Homalopetalum vomeriforme (H. jamaicense)

1. Plant, natural size.

2. Column and lip x 3.

3. Lip flattened X 3.

4. Anther with pollinia, enlarged.

5. Pollinia enlarged.

6. Do. spread out.

Tetramiera parviflora

7. Plant, nat. size.

8. Elower x about 3.

9. Anther with pollinia, enlarged,
10. Pollinia enlarged,

Orchids of Jamaica

PL 18

5 ,

A WOOD DEL

HIOHLEY LITH.

1-6 Homalopetalum jamaicense: 7-10 Tetramicra parviflora

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 19

Schomburghia Li/ami i

1. Portion of raceme, natural size.

2. Column x 2, back view.

3. Do. front view.

4. Anther enlarged, front view.

5. Do. back view.

6. Pollinia, as attached to stigma, enlarged.

Brassavola cordata

7. Flower, nat. size.

8. Column x 3.

9. Anther, with pollinia, enlarged.

10. Empty anther case enlarged.

11. Pollinia enlarged.

Orchids of Jamaica

PL 19

HA. WOOD DEL.

'LEY LITH.

1-6 Schomburgkia Lyonsii; 7-11 Brassavola cordata.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 20

Elleanthua capitatus

1. Apex of stem with head of flowers, natural size.

2. Flowers, nat. size, from back.

3. Do. from side.

4. Column x about 2, partly front view.

5. Do. from side.

C). Anther enlarged.

7. Pollinia enlarged.

Elleanthus longibracteatus

8. Flower with bract x 2.

9. Column and lip X 2.

10. Do., lip thrown back, x 2i.

11. Lip x 2^.

12. Pollinia enlarged.

Phaius Tancarvillese (P. grandifoliux)

13. Flower x about J.

14. Column slightly enlarged from side.

15. Do. from front.

16. Anther enlarged.

17. Pollinia enlarged.

Calanthe mex'tcana

18. Raceme, nat. size.

19. Flower, with one sepal and one half and one petal

removed, X 2^-.

20. Lip flattened X 3.

21. Anther enlarged.

22. Pollinia enlarged.

Orchids of Jamaica

PI. 20

H A •'■ OOC DEL

■i/GHLEY LITH.

1-7 Eileanthus capitatus; 8-12 E.longibracteatus;
13-17 Phaius grandifoiius; 18-22 Calanthe mexicana

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 21

Bletia purpurea (B. alta)

1. Top of raceme, natural size.

2. Flower spread out x 2.

3. Lip and column of bud, nat. size.

4. Lip and column of opening flower x 2.

5. Lip flattened out x 2.

6. Anther enlarged.

7. Pollinia enlarged.

Bletia florida

8. Flower, with one sepal and one half and petal removed,

nat. size.

9. Lip and column of bud, nat. size.

10. Lip x nearly 2.

11. Column x 2.

Figs. 3, 9, 10, 11 are copies of Salisbury's original drawings
in the Department of Botany.

Orchids of Jamaica

PI 21

H A WOOD DEL

1-7 Bletia alt a. 8-11 B.florida.

HIGH LEY LITH

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 22

Govenia utriculata

1. Lower portion of stem, about natural size.

2. Upper portion of raceme slightly enlarged.

3. Flower slightly enlarged.

Eulophia alta (by error long i folia)

4. Raceme, nat. size.

5. Flower with lip removed, nat. size.

6. Lip, nat. size.

7. Anther enlarged.

8. Pollinia enlarged.

Orchids of Jamaica

PI. 22

■

Govenia utriculata-. 4-8 Eulophia longifolia

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 23

Lycaste Barringtonise

1. Scapes and pseudobulb, with sepals and petals

removed in one flower, half natural size.

2. Anther enlarged.

3. Pollinia enlarged.

Xylobium palmifolium

4. Scape and pseudobulb, half nat. size.

5. Flower with perianth removed, except one sepal

and one petal, slightly enlarged.

6. Anther enlarged.

7. Pollinia enlarged.

Bulbophyllum jamaicense

8. Stem and pseudobulb, nat. size.

9. Flower X 3.

10. Flower, sepals and one petal removed x 6.

11. Column and lip X 6.

12. Anther enlarged, from front.

13. Do. from back.

14. Pollinia enlarged.

Bulbojjhylhim pachyrrJiach is

15. Upper portion of stem, nat. size.

16. Flower, sepals removed, X 7.

Zygopetalum flabelliforme (Z. cochleare)

17. Lower portion of plant, nat. size.

18. Anther enlarged.

19. Pollinia enlarged.

Orchids of Jamaica

PI. 23

i

1-3 Lycaste Barrmgtoraae: 4-7 Xylobiuin palmifoliurru
8-14 Bulb ophyll urn jamaicense; 15,16 B pachyrrhachis,
17-19 Zygopetalum cochleare.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 24

Neo-urbania adendrobium

1. Plant, half natural size, lower part.

2. Do. upper part.

3. Flower and peduncle with bracts X 3.

4. Flower, half the sepals and one petal removed X 7

5. Lip from side x 7.

6. Lip x 7.

7. Column x about 8.

8. Anther enlarged, from above.

9. Do. from below.
10. Pollinia enlarged.

Orchids of Jamaica

PI. 24

HA VVOOD OIL

-FY Lira

Neo-urbania adendrobium.

EXPLANATION OF PLATK 25

Maxillaria alba

1. Plant, half natural size.

2. Flower, nat. size. •

3. Lip and column slightly enlarged.

4. Lip flattened slightly enlarged.

5. Anther enlarged J

6. Pollinia enlarged.

Maxillaria sessilis

7. Tip of leaf nat. size.

8. Flower nat. size.

9. Lip flattened nat. size.

10. Column enlarged.

11. Anther enlarged.

12. Pollinia enlarged.

Maxillaria rufescens

13. Plant, half nat. size.

14. Lip flattened X 1J.

15. Anther enlarged.

16. Pollinia enlarged.

Maxillaria rufescens var minor.

17. Flower, nat. size.

18. Lip flattened slightly enlarged.

19. Column, nat. size.

Orchids of Jamaica

PL 25

.; OOD DEL /- S

ri,6HL£f 0£~ 17-19 Set

1-6 Maxill aria alba-, 7-12 M.sessilis; 13-16 M.rufescer.s
17-19 M.rufescens var.minor.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 2G

Ornithidium vestitum

1. Portion of plant, natural size.

2. Flower, with one sepal and one half and one petal

removed x 5.

3. Anther enlarged.

4. Pollinia enlarged.

Ornithidium proliferum

5. Portion of plant, nat. size.

C>. Flower X about 2.

7. Lip flattened x about 2,

Orchids of Jamaica

PI. 26

H.A WOOD DEL 1,3,4.

HIGH LEY JEL.&LITH .

1-4 Ornithidium vestitum; 5-7 O.prohferum.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE l>7

Ion ops is 8atyrioide8 (I. testiculata)

1 . Plant, natural size.

2. Flower, with one sepal and one half and one petal

removed, X between 3 and 4.

3. Pollinia enlarged.

Ionops is utricular io ides

4. Portion of panicle, nat. size.

5. Flower, with half perianth removed, slightly enlarged.

6. Pollinia enlarged.

Macradenia lutescens

7. Plant, nat. size.

8. Flower, with sepals and petals removed, x about 2.

9. Pollinia enlarged, from side,
10. Do. from back.

Orchids of- Jamaica

PI. 27

■ VOOD DEL

HICHLEY LITH.

1-3 lonopsis testiculata •, 4-6 I utricularioid.es : 7 10 Macradema

lutescens

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 28

Brassia maculata

1. Portion of plant, half natural size.

2. Portion of raceme, half nat. size.

3. Column X 4, from side.

4. Do. from front.

5. Anther enlarged.
G. Pollinia enlarged.

Brassia caudata

7. Flower, with one sepal and one petal removed,

nat. size.

8. Anther enlarged.

9. Pollinia enlarged .

Comparettia falcata

10. Plant, half nat. size.

1 1 . Flower, with sepals and one petal removed, slightly

enlarged.

12. Sepals and ovary, slightly enlarged.

13. Column x 3.

14. Anther enlarged.

15. Pollinia enlarged.

Orchids of Jamaica

pi 9

1.28

i .'• ■ 0 0£L.

1-6 Brassia maculata, 7-9 B.caudata;10-15 Comparettia falcata.

KXPL A NATION OF PLATE 29

Trichopilia jamaicensis

1 . Plant, natural size.

2. Column x about •"».

3. Pollinia enlarged.

•e>"

Oncidium pulcheUum

4. Flower, nat. size.

5. Column x 6.

6. Anther enlarged.

7. Pollinia enlarged, from front.

8. Do. from side.

Oncidium luridum

9. Flower, nat. size.

10. Anther enlarged.

11. Pollinia enlarged.

Oncidium triquetrum

12. Flower, slightly enlarged.

13. Column X 4 or 5, from front.

14. Do. from back.

15. Anther enlarged.

16. Pollinia enlarged, from front.

17. Do. from back.

Oncidium guttatum (0. tetrajpetalum)

18. Flower, nat. size.

19. Flower, with one sepal and one petal removed, X 2i.

20. Anther enlarged.

21. Pollinia enlarged.

Oncidium spliacelatum (by error altissimum)

22. Flower, nat. size.

23. Anther enlarged.

24. Pollinia enlarged, from front.

25. Do. from side.

Orchids of Jamaica

P1.29

H a wnotj

l!-3 Trichopilia jamaicensi: Oncidium pulch ell um; 9-11 0 lundum,

12-17 0 tnquetrum; 18-21 O.tetrapetahim; 22-25 O.altissimum

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 30

Lrochilus labial its
(L. cochlear/'*)

1. Plant, natural size.

2. Flower, with one sepal and

one half and one petal
removed x about 4.

3. Lateral sepals x about 4.

4. Column x about 9.

5. Pollinia enlarged.

Cryptarrhena lunata

6. Flower x about 4.

7. Lip x about 4.

Dichsea graminoides

8. Plant, half nat. size.

9. Lateral sepal x 3.

10. Median sepal X 3.

11. Petal x 3.

12. Lip x 3.

Dichsea glcmca

13. Lateral sepal x 3.

14. Median sepal x 3.

15. Petal X 3.

16. Lip x 3.

Dichsea trichocarpa

17. Lateral sepal x 3.

18. Median sepal x 3.

19. Petal x 3.

20. Lip x 3.

21. Hairs from capsule x 3.

Dichsea muricata

22. Sepal x 3.

23. Petal x 3.

24. Lip x 3.

25. Hairs from capsule x 3.

Dichsea echinocarpa

26. Lateral sepal x 3.

27. Median sepal X 3.

28. Petal x 3.

29. Lip x 3.

30. Hairs from capsule x 3.

Dichsea Morrisii

31. Lateral sepal, nat. size.

32. Median sepal, nat. size.

33. Petal, nat. size.

34. Lip and column x 3.

35. Lip X 3.

36. Hairs from capsule x 3.

Orchids of Jamaica

PI. 30

ID DEL -5,8

1-5 Leochilus cochleans, 6,7 Cryptarrhena lunata; 8-12 Dichasa
graminoides ; 13-16 D.glauca , 17-2] D trichocarpa-. 22-25 D. muncata,
26-30 D.echinocarDa;31-35 D.Morrisii.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 31

Cam/pylocentrum Sullivanii

1 . Plant, natural size.

2. Flower x 11 times.

3. Flower, with sepal and petal removed, x 11 times.

4. Lip x 11 times.

Campylocentrum minus

5. Leaf and spike, nat. size.

6. Flower x 10.

7. Flower, lateral sepals removed, and lip held

down, X 10.

8. Lip x 10.

Campylocentrum Barrettise

9. Plant, nat. size.

10. Flower x 5.

11. Lip, spur, column and ovary X 8.

12. Lip x 8.

13. Anther, enlarged, from side.

14. Do. from front.

15. Pollinia enlarged.

Harrisella porrecta

16. Plant, nat. size.

17. Flower x 8.

18. Flower, with sepals and petals removed, X 8.

19. Anther, enlarged, from front.

20. Do. from back.

21. Pollinia enlarged.

Orchids of Jamaica

PI. 31

12

HA WOOD DtL

HIOHi.EY LITH

1-4 C amp ylo centrum Sullivanii; 5-8 C. minus;
9-15 C.Barrettiae; 16-21 Harrisellaporrecta.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 32

Dendropliylax funalis

1. Plant, natural size.

2. Flower cut to show entrance to spur and lip flat-

tened out, not quite full size.

3. Column with anther raised to show position of

pollinia X 3 times.

4. Anther enlarged, from back.

5. Do. from front.

6. Pollinia enlarged, front view.

7. Do, side view.

Orchids of Jamaica

PI. 32

H A WOOD DEL.

Dendrophylax funalis

MICHLEY LITH.

B.M. (N.H.).
No. 21.

LIST OF THE CURRENT

NATURAL HISTORY PUBLICATIONS

Of THE TRUSTEES OF THE

BRITISH MUSEUM.

The following publications can be purchased through the
Agency of Messrs. Longmans & Co., 39, Paternoster Row,
London, E.G. ; Mr. Quaritch, 11, Grafton Street, New
Bond Street, W, ; and Messrs. Dulau & Co., Ltd., 37, Soho
Square, W. ; or at the Natural History Museum,
Gromwell Road, London, S. W.

The History of the Collections contained in the Natural
History Departments of the British Museum : —

Vol. I. Libraries ; Botany ; Geology ; Minerals.
Pp. xvii., 44.2. 1904, 8vo. 15s.

Vol. II. Separate historical accounts of the several
collections included in the Department of Zoology.
Pp. 782. 1906, 8vo. 1/. 10s.

Catalogue of the Books, Manuscripts, Maps, and Drawings
in the British Museum (Natural History). Compiled by
B. B. Woodward, Assistant in charge of the General Library,
with some clerical assistance : —

Vol. I. A— D. Pp. viii., 500. 1903, 4to. 11.
Vol.11. E— K. Pp. 501-1038. 1904, 4to. 1/.

Catalogue of the Specimens and Drawings of Mammals,
Birds, Reptiles, and Fishes of Nepal and Tibet. Presented
by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., to the British Museum. 2nd
edition. By John Edward Gray. Pp. xii., 90. [With an
account of the Collection by Mr. Hodgson.] 1863, 12mo.
2s. 3d.

(16335r— 29.) Wt. 26%— 4. 1500. 5/10. D & S. (/?.) A

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-
Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H.M.S, " Alert," 1881-2.
Pp. xxv., 684. 54 Plates. 1884, 8vo. 1/. 10*.

Summary of the Voyage By Dr. R. W. Coppinger.

Mammalia

Aves...

Reptilia. Batrachia, Pisces

Mollusoa

Echinodermata

Crustacea ...

Coleoptera ...

Lepidoptera

>>

?»

0. Thomas.
It. B. Sharpe.
A. Giinther.

E. A. Smith.

F. J. Bell.
E. J. Miers.

C. 0. Waterhouse.
A. G-. Butler.
S. 0. Ridley.

Alcyonaria and Spongiida

Report on the Collections of Natural History made in the
Antarctic Regions during the Voyage of the " Southern
Cross." Pp. ix., 314. 53 Plates. 1902, Royal 8vo. 21,

Mammalia ...
Notes on Antarctic Seals ...
Extracts from the " Diary "
of the late Nicolai Hanson.

xV V Co ■■• ••• ■* 4 • •••

-L loO\yij*«t ••« ••• •••

Tunicata
Mollusca
Echinoderma

-LllSCCtfl ••• ••• .«•

Arachnida ...

oru. s oci'Cti n ••• ••• ■••

Polychaeta ...
Gephyrea

Xematoda /

Cestoda |"

Polyzoa ... ... j

Porifera ... ... [

Anthozoa

xxCLlllltC ... ... ...

Hydrozoa
Cryptogamia

By Capt. G. E. H. Barrett-Hamilton.
„ E. A. Wilson, M.B.

5)
J)

5>

5J

Dr. R. Bowdler Sharpe.

O. A. Boulenger, F.R.S.

Prof. W. A. Herdman, F.R.S.

E. A. Smith.

Prof. F. J. Bell.

G. H. Carpenter and Hon. N. C

Rothschild.
Dr. E. L. Trouessart.
T. V. Hodgson.
Dr. A. Willey.
A. E. Shipley.

Dr. von Linstow.

R. Kirkpatrick.

Dr. L. Roule and S. J. Hickson,

F.R.S.
J. A. Clubb.
E. T. Browne.

A. Gepp, V. H. Blackman, and
Miss E. S. Barton.
Rock Specimens ,, Dr. G. T. Prior.

National Antarctic Expedition, 1901-1904. [Discovery
Report^ Natural History : —

Vol.1. Geology (Field-Geology: Petrography). Pp. xii.,
160 : 10 plates, 72 text-figures, 2 maps. [With Index.]
1907, 4to. 11. 10s.

Field-Geology By H. T. Ferrar, M.A., F.G.S.

Rock-Specimens ,, G. T. Prior, M.A., D.Sc, F.G.S.

Vol. II. Zoology (Vertebrata : Mollusca : Crustacea).
Pp. xiv., 355 : 33 plates (17 coloured), 146 text-figures,
1 map. 1907, 4to. M.

Mammalia (pp. 69 : 5 pis. [3 col.], ]

36 figs.)

Aves (pp. 121 : 13 pis. col., 46 figs.) ... )
Anatomy of Penguins (pp. 23 : 1 pi.,

8 figs.)

By E. A. Wilson, M.B.
„ W. P. Pycraft.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 3

National Antarctic Expedition, 1901-1904 — continued.
Vol. II — continued.

Fishes (pp. 5 ; 2 pis.) By G-. A. Boulenger, F.R.S.

Cephalodiscus (pp. 67: 7 pis. [1 col.], ,, W. G-. Ridewood. D.Sc.

17 figs.)
Mollusca. I. — Cephalopoda (pp. 2 : „ W. E. Hoyle, D.Sc.

lfig.)

M IE-Gastropoda I (pp.12, 1 : I E A g . h j g Q

., III. — Amphineura ( 2 pis.) \ " '

,, IV. — Xudibranchiata (pp. 28 : „ Sir Chas. Eliot.

1 pi., 30 figs.) K.C.M.G., LL.D.

., V. — Lamellibranchiata (pp. 7 : )

1 pi.) V „ E. A. Smith, I.S.O.
Brachiopoda (pp. 2 : 4 figs.) ... ... )

Crustacea I. — Decapoda (pp. 7) ... )

., II. — Cumacea (pp. 6 : 1 pi., > ,, W. T. Caiman. D.Sc.
4 figs.) I

Vol. III. Zoology and Botany (In vertebra fca : Marine
Algae, Musci). Pp. vi., 273 : 51 plates, 8 text-figures,
and 1 chart, 1907, 4to. 21. 10s.
On Collecting in Antarctic Seas (pp.10) By T. "V. Hodgson, F.L.S.
Mollusca. VI. — Fteropoda (pp. 15 : „ Sir Charles Eliot,

2 pis.) K.C.M.G., LL.D.
Crustacea. Ill, — Amphipoda (pp. 39 : ., A. 0. Walker, F.L.S.

13 pis.)

„ IV. — Leptostraca (pp. 2 : „ Dr. J. Thiele.

2 figs.)

., V. — Ostracoda (pp. 9 : 3 pis.) ., Prof. G-. S. Brady,

F.R.S.

., VI. — Cirripedia (pp. 4 : 1 pi.) ,, Prof. A. G-ruvel.

Pycnogonida (pp. 72 : 10 pis.) „ T. V. Hodgson, F.L.S.

Acari (pp. 6 : 1 pi.) „ Dr. E. L. Trouessart.

Chaetognatha (pp. 6 : 1 chart) ,, Dr.Gr.H. Fowler, F.L.S.

Xematoda (pp. 4 : 1 pi.) ... ... ,, Dr. 0. von Linstow.

Cestoda (pp. 6 : 1 pi.) ., A. E. Shipley. F.R.S.

Coelentera. I. — Alcyonaria (pp. 15 : ,, Prof. S. J. Hickson,

2 pis.) F.R.S.

„ II. — Hydroid Zoophytes ., Prof S. J. Hickson.

(pp. U : 4 pis.) " F.R.S., and F. H^

G-ravely.

„ III. — Tentacles of a Siphono- „ Dr. J. Rennie.
phore(pp. 3 ; 5 figs.)

Porifera. I. — Hexactinellida (pp. 25 : ,, R. Kirkpatrick.

7 pis.)

Marine Algae. I. — Phaeophyceae and „ A. Grepp and Mrs. E. S,

Florideae (pp. 15 : Grepp.
4 pis.)

,, „ II. — Corallinaceae (pp. 2 : „ M. Foslie.
lfig.)

Musci (pp. 6 : 2 pis.) „ J. Cardot.

Vol. IV. Zoology (various Invertebrata). Pp. iv., 281 :
65 plates, 1 text-figure. 1908, 4to. 1/. 15s.
Mullusca. VII. — Solenogastres (pp. 13 : By Dr. H. F. Xierstrasz.

2 pis.)
Insecta. — Aptera (pp. 5 : 1 pi.) ... ,, Gh H. Carpenter, B.Sc,

M.R.I.A.
Crustacea. VII.— Schizopoda (pp. 42 : .. W. M. Tattersall, M.Sc.

8 pis.)
„ VIH. — Copepoda (pp. 44 : ., R. Xorris Wolfenden,

7 pis.) M.D.

4 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

National Antarctic Expedition, 1901-1904 — continued.
Vol. IV — continued.

Bchinoderma (pp. 16 : 5 pis.) ... ... By F. Jeffrey Bell. M.A.

Echinoderm Larva' (pp. 9 : 1 pi.) ... „ E. W. McBride, M.A.,

P.R.S., and J. C.

Simpson, B.Sc.
M yzoetomida? (pp. 26 : 1 pi. and 1 figure) ,, Dr. Rudolf Ritter von

Stumrner-Traunfels.
Sipuncnloidea (pp. 6) ... ... ... ., W. F. Lanchester. ."M.A.

Coelentera. IV.— Actinia? (pp. 12 : 3 pis.) „ J. A. Clubb, M.Sc.
Porifera. II. — Tetraxonida (pp. 56 : „ R. Kirkpatrick.
1 9 pis.)
„ III. — Calcarea(pp.52 : 12 pis.) ,, C. F. Jenkin, B.A.

Vol. V. Zoology and Botany. Pp. ix., 212 : 28 plates, and
19 text-figures. [With a Summary of the Contents of
Vols. II.- V.] 1910, 4to. 1/. 10s.
Vertebrata. Ia.— Mammalia (Seal-Em- By Dr. II. W. Marett

bryos) (pp. 21 : 2 pis., 1 text-figure) Tims.

Tunicata (pp. 26 : 7 pis.. 2 text-figures) ,, Prof . W. A. Herdman,

D.Sc, F.R.S.
Crustacea. IX. — Isopoda (pp. 77 : 10 pis) „ T. V. Hodgson, F.L.S.
Nemertinea (pp. 15 : 1 pi., 16 text- „ Prof. L. Joubin.

figures)
Coelentera. V. — Medusa? (pp. 62 : 7 pis.) ,, Edward T. Browne.
Lichenes (pp. 11:1 pi.) „ Dr. O. V. Darbishire.

A Monograph of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) : Physical
Features and Geology by C. W. Andrews, B.A., B.Sc,
F.G.S., with descriptions of the Fauna and Flora by
numerous contributors. Pp. xv., 337 : 22 plates (7 coloured),
a map, and 27 illustrations in text. [With Index.] 1900*
8vo. 11.

First Report on Economic Zoology. By Fred. V. Theobald.
M.A., &c. [With an Introduction, containing a Classifica-
tion of Animals from the point of view of Economic
Zoology, by Prof. E. Ray Lankester, LL.D., F.R.S.]
Pp. xxxiv., 192. 18 Woodcuts. 1903, Roy. 8vo. 6s.

Second Report on Economic Zoology. By Fred. V. Theobald.
M.A., &c. Pp. x., 197. 29 Illustrations. 1904, Roy. 8vo^
6s.

MAMMALS.

Catalogue of the Bones of Mammalia in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Edward Gerrard. Pp. iv., 296.
1862, 8vo. 5s.

Catalogue of Monkeys, Lemurs, and Fruit-eating Bats "in
the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. J. E.
Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. viii., 137. 21 Woodcuts. 1870,
8vo. 4s.

Catalogue of Carnivorous, Pachydermatous, and Edentate
Mammalia in the British Museum. By John Edward
Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. vii., 398. 47 Woodcuts. 1869,
8vo. 6s. 6d.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 5

Catalogue of Seals and Whales in the British Museum. By
John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. 2nd Edition. Pp. vii.,
402. 101 Woodcuts. 1866, 8vo. 8s.

Supplement. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c,

Pp. vi., 103. 11 Woodcuts. 1871, 8vo. 2s. Qd.

List of the Specimens of Cetacea in the Zoological Depart-
ment of the British Museum. By William Henry Flower,
LL.D., F.R.S., &c. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] Pp. iv., 36. 1885, 8vo. Is. 6d.

Catalogue of Ruminant Mammalia (Pecora, Linnasus) in the
British Museum. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c.
Pp. viii., 102. 4 Plates. 1872, 8vo. 3s. 6d.

Catalogue of the Marsupialia and Monotremata in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Oldfield Thomas.
Pp. xiii., 401. 4 Coloured and 24 plain Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes,] 1888,
8vo. 1/. Ss.

BIRDS.

Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum : — ■

Vol. VII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum.
Cichlomorphce : Part IV., containing the concluding
portion of the family Timeliidse (Babbling Thrushes).
By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xvi., 698. Woodcuts and
15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1883, 8yo. U« 6s.

Vol. VIII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum.
Cichlomorphce : Part V., containing the families
ParidaB and Laniidae (Titmice and Shrikes) ; and
CertJiiomorphce (Creepers and Nuthatches). By Hans
Gadow, M.A., Ph.D. Pp. xiii., 386. Woodcuts and
9 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1883, 8vo. 17s.

Vol. X. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum.
Fringilliformes : Part I., containiug the families
Dicsidse, Hirundinidae, Ampelidse, Mniotiltidae, and
Motacillidae. By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xiii., 682.
Woodcuts and 12 coloured Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 1/. 2s.

Vol. XI. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum.
Fringilliformes : Part II., containing the families
Ccerebidse, Tanagridse, and Icteridae. By Philip Lutley
Sclater, M.A., F.R.S. Pp. xvii., 431. Woodcuts and
18 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1886, 8vo. 1/.

6 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Catalogue of the Birds in th" British Museum — continued.

Vol. XII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching

Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum.
FHngilliformes : Part III., containing the family
Fringillidae. By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xv., 871.
Woodcuts and 1G coloured Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1888, 8vo. 11. 8s.

Vol. XIII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum.
Sturniformes, containing the families Artanridse,
Sturnidae, Ploceidae, and Alaudidae. Also the families
Atrichiidae and Menuridae. By R. Bowdler Sharpe.
Pp. xvi., 701. Woodcuts and 15 coloured Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1890,
8vo. 1/. 8s.

Vol. XIV. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum.
Oligomyodce. or the families Tyrannidee, Oxyrham-
phidae, Pipridae, Cotingidae,Phytotomidae,Philepittidae,
Pittidae, Xenicidae, and Eurylsemidae. By Philip
Lutley Sclater, M.A., F.R.S. Pp. xix., 494. Woodcuts
and 26 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1888, 8vo. 11. 4s.

Vol. XV. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum.
Tracheophonce, or the families Dendrocolaptidae,
Formicariidae, Conopophagidae, and Pteroptochidae.
By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A., F.R.S. Pp.xvii., 371.
Woodcuts and 20 coloured Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1890, 8vo. 11.

Vol. XVI. Catalogue of the Picarias in the Collection of
the British Museum. Upupce and Trochili, by Osbert
Sal vin. Coracice, of the families Cypselidao, Capri-
mulgidse, Podargiclae, and Steatornithidae, by Ernst
Hartert. Pp. xvi., 703. Woodcuts and 14 coloured
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.]
1892, 8vo. 11. 16s.

Vol. XVII. Catalogue of the Picariae in the Collection
of the British Museum. Coracice (contin.) and
Haley ones, with the families Leptosomatidae, Coraciidae,
Meropidae, Alcedinidae, Momoticlae, Totidae and Coliidae,
by R. Bowdler Sharpe. Bucerotes and Trogones, by
W. R. Ogilvie Grant, Pp. xi., 522. Woodcuts and 17
coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1892, 8vo. 11. lbs.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 7

Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum — continued.

Vol. XVIII. Catalogue of the Picarias in the Collection
of the British Museum. Scansores, containing the
family Picidae. By Edward Hargitt. Pp. xv., 597.
Woodcuts and 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1890, 8vo. 1/. 6s.

Vol. XIX. Catalogue of the Picarias in the Collection of
the British Museum. Scansores and Coccyges : con-
taining the families Rhamphastidae, Galbulidae, and
Bucconidae, by P. L. Sclater ; and the families Indi-
catoridae, Capitonidae, Cuculidae, and Musophagidae, by
G. E. Shelley. Pp. xii., 484 : 13 coloured Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1891,
8vo. 11. 5s.

Vol. XX. Catalogue of the Psittaci, or Parrots, in the
Collection of the British Museum. By T. Salvadori.
Pp. xvii., 658. Woodcuts and 18 coloured Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1891,
8vo. 11. 10s.

Vol. XXI. Catalogue of the Columbae, or Pigeons, in
the Collection of the British Museum. By T. Salvadori.
Pp. xvii., 676. 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1893, 8yo. 11. 10s.

Vol. XXII. Catalogue of the Game Birds (Pterocleies,
Gallince, Ojristliocomi, Hemipodii) in the Collection of
the British Museum. By W. R. Ogilvie Grant.
Pp. xvi., 585. 8 coloured Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1893, 8vo. 11. 6s.

Vol. XXIII. Catalogue of the Fulicariae (Rallidae and
Heliornithidae) and Alectorides (Aramidae, Eurypy-
gidae, Mesitidse, Rhinochetidae, Gruiclae, Psophiidae,
and Otididae) in the Collection of the British Museum.
By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xiii., 353. 9 coloured
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.]
1894, 8vo. 1/.

Vol. XXIV. Catalogue of the Limicolae in the Collection
of the British Museum. By R. Bowdler Sharpe.
Pp. xii., 794. Woodcuts and 7 coloured Plates. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1896, 8vo.
11. 5s.

Vol. XXV. Catalogue of the Gaviae and Tubinares in
the Collection of the British Museum. Gaviae (Terns,
Gulls, and Skuas), by Howard Saunders. Tubinares
(Petrels and Albatrosses), by Osbert Salvin. Pp. xv.,
475. Woodcuts and 8 coloured Plates. [With Syste-
matic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1896, 8vo. 1/. Is.

8 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Catalogue of Birds in British Museum — continued.

Vol. XXVI. Catalogue oil the Platalese, Herodiones,
Steganopodes, Pygopodes, Alca3, and Impennes in the

Collection of i lie Hritish Museum. Platalese (Ibises
and Spoonbills) and Herodiones (Herons and Storks),
by R. Bowdler Sharpe. Steganopodes (Cormorants,
Gannets, Frigate-birds, Tropic -birds, and Pelicans),
Pygopodes (Divers and Grebes), Alca) (Auks), and Im-
pennes (Penguins), by W. R. Ogilvie-Grant. Pp. xvii.,
687. Woodcuts and 14 coloured Plates. [With Sys-
tematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1898, 8vo. 11. 5s,

Vol. XXVII. Catalogue of the ChenomorphaB (Pala-
rnedese, Phoenicopteri, Anseres), Crypturi, and Ratitae
in the Collection of the British Museum. By T.
Salvadori. Pp. xv., 636. 19 coloured Plates. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1895, 8vo.
11. 12s.

A Hand-list of the Genera and Species of Birds. [Nornen-
clator Avium turn Fossilium turn Viventium.] By R.
Bowdler Sharpe, LL.D. : —

Vol. II. Pp. xv., 312. [With Systematic Index, and
an Alphabetical Index to Vols. I. and II.] 1900,
8vo. 10s.

Vol. III. Pp. xii., 367. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1901, 8vo. 10s.

Vol. IV. Pp. xii., 391. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1903, 8vo. 10s.

Vol. V. Pp. xx., 678. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1909, 8vo. £1.

List of the Specimens of Birds in the Collection of the
British Museum. By George Robert Gray :—

Part III., Sections III. and IV. Capitonidse and Picidae.
Pp. 137. [With Index.] 1868, 12mo. Is. 6d.

Part IV. Columbte. Pp. 73. [With Index.] 1856,
12mo. Is. 9d.

Part V. Gallime. Pp. iv., 120. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] 1867, 12mo. Is. 6d.

Catalogue of the Birds of the Tropical Islands of the Pacific
Ocean in the Collection of the British Museum. By
George Robert Gray, F.L.S., &c. Pp. 72. [With an
Alphabetical Index.] 1859, 8vo. Is. 6d,

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 9

Catalogue of the Collection of Birds' Eggs in the British
Museum (Natural History) : —

Vol. I. Ratitae. Car in at as (Tinamiformes — Larifornies).
By Eugene W. Oates. Pp. xxiii., 252. 18 Coloured
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes. 1
1901, 8vo. 1/. 10s.

Vol. II. Carinatae (Charadriiformes — Strigiformes). By
Eugene W. Gates. Pp. xx., 400. 15 Coloured Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1902,
8vo. 11. 10s.

Vol. III. Carinatae (Psittaciformes — Passeriformes).
By Eugene W. Oates and Capt. Savile G. Reid.
Pp. xxiii., 319. 10 Coloured Plates. [With Syste-
matic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1903, 8vo. 1/. 5s.

Vol. IV. Carinatae (Passeriformes continued). By
Eugene W. Oates, assisted by Capt. Savile G. Reid.
Pp. xviii., 352. 14 Coloured Plates. [With Syste-
matic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1905, 8vo. 11. 10s.

REPTILES.

Catalogue of the Tortoises, Crocodiles, and Amphisbaenians
in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. J. E.
Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. viii., 80. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] 1844, 12mo. Is.

Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British
Museum. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c: —

Appendix. Pp. 28. 1872, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Part II. Emydosaurians, Rhynchocephalia, and Amphis-
baenians. Pp. vi., 41. 25 Woodcuts. 1872, 4to.
3s. 6d.

Hand-List of the Specimens of Shield Reptiles in the
British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., F.L.S., &c.
Pp. iv., 124. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1873,
8vo. 4s.

Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and
Crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History).
New Edition. By George Albert Boulenger. Pp. x., 311.
73 Woodcuts and 6 Plates. [With Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1889, Svo. 15s.
16335 B

10 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THP]

Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural His-
tory). Second Edition. By George Albert Boulenger :—

Vol. I. Geckonidse, Eublepharidae, Uroplatid», Pygo-
podidae, AgamidsB. Pp. xii., 4iB6. 32 Plates. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1 885, 8vo. 1/.

Vol. II. Iguanidae, Xenosauridae, Zonuridse, Anguidse,
Anniellidsa, Helodermatidae, Varanidae, Xantusiidae,

Teiida3, Amphisbaenidae. Pp. xiii., 497. 24 Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885,
8vo. 1/.

Vol. III. Lacertidae, Gerrhosauridae, Scincidae, Anelytro-
pidae, Dibamidse, Chamaeleontidae. Pp. xii., 575. 40
Plates. [With a Systematic Index and an Alphabetical
Index to the three volumes.] 1887, 8vo. 11. 6s.

Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural
History). By George Albert Boulenger, F.R.S., &c. : —

Vol. I., containing the families Typhlopidae, Glauconiidae,
Boidae, Ilysiidae, Uropeltidae, Xenopeltida3, and Colu-
bridae aglyphae (part). Pp. xiii., 448 : 26 Woodcuts
and 28 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1893, 8vo. 11. Is.

Vol. II., containing the conclusion of the Colubridse
aglyphae. Pp. xi., 382 : 25 Woodcuts and 20 Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1894,
8vo. 17s. 6d.

Vol. III., containing the Colubridae (Opisthoglyphas and
Proteroglyphae), Amblycephalidas, and Viperidae.
Pp. xiv., 727 : 37 Woodcuts and 25 Plates. [With
Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index to the 3
volumes.] 1896, 8vo. 1/. 6s.

Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Dr. Albert Giinther. Pp. xvi., 281.
[With Geographic, Systematic, and Alphabetical Indexes.]
1858, 12mo. 4s.

BATRACHIANS.

Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia in the Collection of: the
British Museum. By Dr. Albert Giinther. Pp. xvi., 160.
12 Plates. [With Systematic, Geographic, and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1858, 8vo. 6s.

FISHES.

Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum. Second
edition. Vol. I. Catalogue of the Perciform Fishes in the
British Museum. Vol. I. Containing the Centrarchidae,

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 11

Catalogue of Fishes in the British Museum — continued.

Percidse, and Serranidre (part). By George Albert
Boulenger, F.R.S. Pp. xix., 394. Woodcuts and 15 Plates.
[With Systematic ancl Alphabetical Indexes.] 1895, 8vo.
15s.

Catalogue of Fish collected and described by Laurence
Theodore Gronow, now in the British Museum. Pp. vii.,
196. [With a Systematic Index.] 1854, 12mo. 3s. 6d.

Catalogue of Lophobranchiate Fish in the Collection of the
British Museum. By J. J. Kaup, Ph.D., &c. Pp. iv., 80.
4 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1856, 12mo. 2s.

Catalogue of the Fresh-water Fishes of Africa in the
British Museum (Natural History). Vol. I. By G. A.
Boulenger, F.R.S. Pp. xi., 373 : 270 text-figures. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1909, imp. 8vo.
£1 12s. 6d,

MOLLUSCA.

Guide to the Systematic Distribution of Mollusca in the
British Museum. Parti. By John Edward Gray, Ph.D.,
F.R.S., &c. Pp. xii., 230. 121 Woodcuts. 1857, 8vo. 5s.

Catalogue of the Collection of Mazatlan Shells in the British
Museum, collected by Frederick Reigen. Described by
Philip P. Carpenter. Pp. xvi., 552. 1857, 12mo. 8s.

Catalogue of Pulmonata, or Air Breathing Mollusca, in the
Collection of the British Museum. Part I. By Dr. Louis
Pfeiffer. Pp. iv., 192. Woodcuts. 1855, 12mo. 2s. 6d.

Catalogue of the Auriculidse, Proserpinidse, and Truncatellidas
in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Louis
Pfeiffer. Pp. iv., 150. Woodcuts. 1857, 12mo. Is. 9d.

List of the Mollusca in the Collection of the British Museum.
By John Edward Gray, Ph.D., F.R.S., &c. :—

Part II. Olividse. Pp. 41. 1865, 12mo. Is.

Catalogue of the Conchifera, or Bivalve Shells, in the
Collection of the British Museum. By M. Deshayes :—

Part I. Veneridae, Cyprinidae, Glauconomidae, and
Petricoladse. Pp. iv., 216. 1853, 12mo. 3s.

Part II. Petricoladas (concluded) ; Corbiculadae. Pp.
217-292. [With an Alphabetical Index to the two
parts.] 1854, 12mo. 6d.

12 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

BRACHIOPODA.

Catalogue of Brachiopoda Ancylopoda or Lamp Shells in the
Collection of the British Museum. [Issued (is "Catalogue
of the Mollusca, Part IV."] Pp. iv., 128. :2:> Woodcuts.
[With an Alphabetical Index.] 1853, 12ino. 3s.

POLYZOA.

Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa in the Collection of the British
Museum. Part III. Cyclostomata. By George Busk,
F.R.S. Pp. viii., 39. 38 Plates. [With a Systematic
Index.] 1875, 8vo. 5s.

CRUSTACEA.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Amphipodous Crustacea in
the Collection of the British Museum. By C. Spence Bate,
F.R.S., &c. Pp. iv., 399. 58 Plates. [With an Alpha-
betical Index.] 1862, 8vo. 11. 5s.

ARACHNIDA.

Descriptive Catalogue of the Spiders of Burma, based upon
the Collection made by Eugene W. Oates and preserved in
the British Museum/ By T. Thorell. Pp. xxxvi., 406.
[With Systematic List and Alphabetical Index.] 1895,
8vo. 10s. 6d.

INSECTS.

Coleopterous Insects.

Nomenclature of Coleopterous Insects in the Collection of
the British Museum : —

Part VII. Longicornia, I. By Adam White. Pp. iv.,.
174. 4 Plates. 1853, 12mo. 2s. 6d.

Part VIII. Longicornia, II. By Adam White. Pp. 237.
6 Plates. 1855, 12mo. 3s. 6d.

Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Coleoptera in the
Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Lycidse. By
Charles Owen Waterhouse. Pp. x., 83. 18 Coloured
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.]
1879, 8vo. 16s.

Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of Madeira in the
Collection of the British Museum. By T. Vernon
Wollaston, M.A., F.L.S. Pp. xvi., 234 : 1 Plate. [With
a Topographical Catalogue and an Alphabetical Index.]
1857, 8vo. 3s.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 13

Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of the Canaries in the
Collection of the British Museum. By T. Vernon
Wollaston, M.A., F.L.S. Pp. xiii., 648; [With Topo-
graphical and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1864, 8vo. 10s. 6d.

Catalogue of Halticidae in the Collection of the British
Museum. By the Rev. Hamlet Clark, M.A., F.L.S.
Physapodes and CEdipodes. Part I. Pp. xii., 301.
Frontispiece and 9 Plates. 1860, 8vo. 7s.

Catalogue of Hispidae in the Collection of the British
Museum. By Joseph S. Baly, M.E.S., &c. Parti. Pp. x.,
172. 9 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858,
8vo. 6s.

Hy menopterous Insects.

Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Frederick Smith. 12mo. : —

Part I. Andreniclae and Apidse. Pp. 197. 6 Plates.
• 1853, 2s. Gd.

Part II. Apidse. Pp. 199-465. 6 Plates. [With an
Alphabetical Index.] 1854. 6s.

Part III. Mutillidae and Pompilidae. Pp. 206. 6 Plates.
1855. 6s

Part IV. Sphegidae, Larridse, and Crabronidae. Pp. 207-
497. 6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1856.
6s.

PartV. Vespidae. Pp.147. 6 Plates. [With an Alpha-
betical Index.] 1857. 6s.

Part VI. Formicidaa. Pp. 216. 14 Plates. [With an
Alphabetical Index.] 1858. 6s.

Part VII. Dorylidae and Thynnidas. Pp. 76. 3 Plates.
[With an Alphabetical Index.] 1859. 2s.

List of Hymenoptera, with descriptions and figures of the
Typical Specimens in the British Museum. Vol. I.,
Tenthredinidae and Siricidae. By W. F. Kirby.
Pp. xxviii., 450. 16 Coloured Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1882, 8vo. 1/. 18s.

Dipterous Insects.

A Monograph of the Culicidae, or Mosquitoes. Mainly com-
piled from the Collections received at the British Museum
from various parts of the world in connection with the

14 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Investigation into the cause of Malaria conducted by the
Colonial Office and the Royal Society. By Fred. V.
Theobald, M.A.. &c. : —

Vol. III. Pp. xvii., 359 : 17 plates, 3 diagram, and L93

illustrations in text. L903, Svo. 1/. Is.

Vol. IV. Pp. six., 639 : 16 plates and 297 text-figures.
[With Index.] 1907, 8vo. 1/. 12s. 6d

A Monograph of the Tsetse-Flies (Genus Glossina, Westwood),
based on the Collection in the British Museum. By
Ernest Edward Austen. With a chapter on Mouth-parts
by II. J. Hansen, Phil. Doc. Pp. ix., 319 : 9 plates
(7 coloured), lb* woodcuts, 1 map. 1903, Roy. Svo. 15s.

Illustrations of African Blood-sucking Flies other than
.Mosquitoes and Tsetse-Flies. By Ernest Edward Austen,
Avith coloured figures by Grace Edwards. Pp. xv., 221 :
13 coloured plates, 3 text-figures. 1909, roy. Svo. £1 7s. 6d.

Lepidopterous Insects.

Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phala3na3 in the British
Museum. By Sir George F. Hampson, Bart. : —

Vol. I. Catalogue of the Syntomidse in the Collection
of the British Museum. Pp. xxi., 559 : 285 woodcuts.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1898,
Svo. 15s.

Atlas of 17 Coloured Plates, Svo. 15s.

Vol. II. Catalogue of the Arctiadse (Nolinas, Litho-
sianse) in the Collection of the British Museum.
Pp. xx., 589 : 411 woodcuts. [With Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1900, Svo. 18s.*j hu

Atlas of 18 Coloured Plates (xviii.-xxxw), 8vo. 15s.

Vol. III. Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Arctianae) and
Agaristidae in the Collection of the British Museum.
Pp. xix., 690 : 294 woodcuts. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1901, 8vo. 15s.

Atlas of 19 Coloured Plates (xxxvi-liv.), 8vo. 16s.

Vol. IV. Catalogue of the Noctuidae [Agrotinae]. Pp.

xx., 689 : 125 woodcuts. [With Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1903, 8vo. 15s.

Atlas of 23 Coloured Plates (lv.-lxxvii), Svo. 16s.

Vol. V. Catalogue of the Noctuidae [Hadeninae]. Pp.
xvi., 634 : 172 woodcuts. [With Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1905, Svo, 15s.

Atlas of 18 Coloured Plates (lxxviii.-xcv.), Svo. 15s.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 15

Catalogue of Lepidoptera PhalaenaB — continued.

Vol. VI. Catalogue of the Noctuidae [Cucullianse]. Pp.
xiv., 532 : 172 woodcuts. [With Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1906, 8vo. 15s.

Atlas of 12 Coloured Plates (xcvi.-cvii.), 8vo. 10s.

Vol. VII. Catalogue of the Noctuidae [Acronyctinas].
P}3. xv., 709 : 184 woodcuts. [With Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes. | 190S, 8vo. 17s.

Atlas of 15 Coloured Plates (cviii.-cxxii.), 8vo. 13s.

Vol. VIII. Catalogue of the Noctuidae [Acronyctinae, II.].
Pp. xiv., 583 : 162 woodcuts. [With table of the
Phyiogeny of the Acronyctinae, and Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1909, 8vo. 15s.

Atlas of 14 Coloured Plates (cxxiiL-cxxxvi.), 8vo.

12s.

Vol. IX. Catalogue of the Noctuidae [Acronyctinas, III.]
Pp. xv., 552. 247 Woodcuts. [With Table of the
Phyiogeny of the Acronyctinaa, and Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1910, 8vo. 15s.

Atlas of 11 Coloured Plates (cxxxvii.-cxlvii.), 8vo.

1 2s.

Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera
in the Collection of the British Museum : —

Part V. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xii., 74.
78-100 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic Index.]
1881, 4to. 21. 10s.

Part VI. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xv., 89.
101-120 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic Index.]
1886, 4to. 21. 4s.

Part VII. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. iv., 124.
121-138 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic List.]
1889, 4to. 21.

Part VIII. The Lepidoptera Heterocera of the Nilgiri
District. By George Francis Hampson. Pp. iv., 144.
139-156 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic List.]
1891, 4to. 21.

Part IX. The Macrolepidoptera Heterocera of Ceylon.
By George Francis Hampson. Pp. v., 182. 157-176
Coloured Plates. [With a General Systematic List of
Species collected in, or recorded from, Cevlon.] 1893,
4to. 21. 2s.

16 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Catalogue of tlif Collection of Pabearctio Butterflies formed
by the Late John Hemy Leech, and presented to the
Trustees of the British Museum by his Mother, Mrs. Eliza
Leech. By Richard South, P.E.S. Pp. vi., 22S. % Coloured
I Mates. With a Portrait and Biographical Memoir of Mr.
Leech. 1902, 4to. 1/.

Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera described by Fabricius in
the Collection of the British Museum. By Arthur Gardiner
Butler, F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv., 303. 3 Plates. 1869, 8vo. 7s. (W.

List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker.
12mo. : —

Part XXIII. Geometrites. Pp. 756-1020. 1861. 3s. 6d.

Part XXV. Pp. 1281-1477. 1862. 3s.

Part XXVI. Pp. 1478-1796. [With an

Alphabetical Index to Parts XX.-XXVL] 1862. 4s. 6d.

Part XXVII. Crambites and Tortricites. Pp. 1-286.
1863. 4s.

Part XXVIII. Tortricites and Tineites. Pp. 287-561.
1863. 4s.

Part XXIX. Tineites. Pp. 562-835. 1864. 4s.

Part XXX. Pp. 836-1096. [With an Alpha-
betical Index to Parts XXVII.-XXX.] 1864. 4s.

Part XXXI. Supplement. Pp. 1-321. 1864. 5s.

Part XXXIII. Part 3. Pp. 707-1120.

1865. 6s.

Part XXXIV. Part 4. Pp. 1121-1533.

1865. 5s. 6d.

Neuropterous Insects.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. H. Hagen.
Parti. Termitiua. Pp.34- 1858, 12mo. 6d.

Orthopterous Insects.

Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects in the Collection of the
British Museum. Part I. Phasmidae. By John Obadiah
Westwood, F.L.S., &c. Pp. 195. 48 Plates. [With an
Alphabetical Index.] 1859, 4to. 31.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Blattariae in the Collection of
the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c.
Pp. 239. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1868, 8vo. 5s. 6d.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 17

Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker,
F.L.S., &c. : —

Part II. Locustidae (continued). Pp. 225-423. [With
an Alphabetical Index.] 1869, 8vo. 4s. 6d.

Part III. Locustidae (continued). — Acrididae. Pp. 425-
604. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1870, 8yo. 4s.

Part IV. AcrididaB (continued). Pp. 605-809. [With
an Alphabetical Index.] 1870, 8vo. 6s.

Part V. Tettigidae. — Supplement to the Catalogue of
Blattariae. — Supplement to the Catalogue of Dermaptera
Saltatoria (with remarks on the Geographical Distri-
bution of Dermaptera). Pp. 811-850 ; 43 ; 116.
[With Alphabetical Indexes.] 1870, 8vo. 6s.

Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera. By W. F. Kirby : —

Vol. I. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria, et Gres-
soria. (Forflculidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidse, Mantidae,
Phasmida?.) Pp. x., 501. [With Index.] 1904,
8yo. 10s.

Vol. II. Orthoptera Saltatoria, Part I. (Achetidae et
Phasgonuridae.) Pp. viii., 562. [With Index.] 1906,
8vo. 15s.

Vol. III. Orthoptera Saltatoria, Part II. (Locustidae
vel Acridiidae.) Pp. vii., 674. [With. Index.] 1910,
8vo. £1.

Hemipterous Insects.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Heteropterous Hemiptera in
the Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker,
F.L.S., &c. 8vo. :—

Part VI. Pp.210. [With Alphabetical Index.] 1873. 5s.
Part VII. Pp.213. [With Alphabetical Index.] 1873. 6s.

Part VIII. Pp.220. [With Alphabetical Index.] 1873.

[6 s. 6d.

Homopterous Insects.

A. Synonymic Catalogue of Homoptera. Part I. Cicadidae.
By W. L. Distant, Pp. 207. [Index.] 1906, Svo. 5s.

18 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

VERMES.

Catalogue of the Species of Entozoa, or Intestinal Worms,
contained in the Collection of the British Museum. By
Dr. Baird. Pp. i\\, 132. 2 Plates. [With an Index of
tlu> Animals in which the Entozoa mentioned in the
Catalogue are found, and an Index of Genera and
Species.] 1853, 12mo. 2s.

ANTHOZOA.

Catalogue of Sea-pens or Pennatulariiilae in the Collection of
the British Museum. By J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. iv.,
40. 2 Woodcuts. 1870, 8vo. Is. 6d.

Catalogue of Lithophytes or Stony Corals in the Collection
of the British Museum. By J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &c.
Pp. iv., 51. 14 Woodcuts. 1870, 8vo. 3s.

Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British
Museum (Natural History) : —

Vol. I. The Genus Madrepora. By George Brook.

Pp. xi., 212. 35 Collotype Plates. [With Systematic

and Alphabetical Indexes, and Explanation of the

Plates.] 1893, 4to. 11, 4s.
Vol. II. The Genus Turbinaria ; the Genus Astrseopora.

By Henry M. Bernard, M.A. Cantab., F.L.S., F.Z.S.

Pp. iv., 106. 30 Collotype and 3 Lithographic Plates.

[With Index of Generic and Specific Names, and

Explanation of the Plates.] 1896, 4to. 18s.

Vol. III. The Genus Montipora ; the Genus Anacro-
pora. By Henry M. Bernard, M.A., &c. Pp. vii., 192.
30 Collotype and 4 Lithographic Plates. [With Syste-
matic Index, Index of Generic and Specific Names,
and Explanation of the Plates.] 1897, 4to. 1/. 4s.

Vol. IV. The Family Poritida3. I. — The Genus
Goniopora. By Henry M. Bernard, M.A. Pp. viii.,
206. 12 Collotype and 4 Lithographic Plates. [With
Index of Generic and Specific Names, and Explanation
of the Plates.] 1903, 4to. 11.

Vol. V. The Family Poritidae. II. — The Genus Porites.
Part I. — Porites of the Indo-Pacific Region. Bv
Henry M. Bernard, M.A. Pp. vi., 303. 35 Plates.
[With Index of Generic and Specific Names and
Explanation of the Plates.] 1905, 4to. £1 15s.

Vol. VI. The Family Poritidse. II. — The Genus Porites.
Part II. — Porites of the Atlantic and West Indies, with
the European Fossil Forms. The Genus Goniopora,
a supplement to Vol. IV. By Henry M. Bernard, M.A.
Pp. vi., 173. 16 Collotype and 1 Lithographic Plates.
[With Index of Generic and Specific Names, and
Explanation of the Plates.] 1906, 4to. £1.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 19

BRITISH ANIMALS.

Catalogue of British Birds in the Collection of the British
Museum. By George Robert Gray, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c.
Pp. xii., 248. [With a List of Species.] 1863, 8vo. 3s. 6d.

Catalogue of British Hymenoptera in the Collection of the
British Museum. Second edition. Part I. Andrenidae
and Apidae. By Frederick Smith, M.E.S. New issue.
Pp. xi., 236. 11 Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Index. 1891, 8vo. 6s.

Catalogue of British Fossorial Hymenoptera, Formicidae, and
Vespidae in the Collection of the British Museum. By
Frederick Smith, V.P.E.S. Pp. 236. 6 Plates. [With an
Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 12mo. 6s.

Catalogue of British Hymenoptera of the Family Chalcididae.
By Claude Morley, F.Z.S., F.E.S. Pp. 74. [Index.]
1910, 8vo. 3s. 6d.

Illustrations of British Blood-sucking Flies, with notes by
Ernest Edward Austen, Assistant, Department of Zoology,
British Museum (N.H.). Pp. 74. 34 Coloured Plates.
1906, roy. 8vo. £1 5s.

A Catalogue of the British Non-parasitical Worms in the
Collection of the British Museum. By George Johnston,
M.D., Edin., F.R.C.L., Ed., Ll.D., Marischal Coll., Aber-
deen, &c. Pp. 365. Woodcuts and 24 Plates. [With an
Alphabetical Index.] 1865, 8vo. 7s.

Catalogue of the British Echinoderms in the British Museum
(Natural History). By F. Jeffrey Bell, M.A. Pp.xyii.,202.
Woodcuts and 16 Plates (2 Coloured). [With Table of
Contents, Tables of Distribution, Alphabetical Index,
Description of the Plates, &c] 1892, 8yo. 12s. 6d.

List of the Specimens of British Animals in the Collection
of the British Museum ; with Synonyma and References
to figures. 12mo. : —

Part V. Lepidoptera. By J. F. Stephens. 2nd Edition.
Revised by H. T. Stainton and E. Shepherd. Pp. iv.,
224. 1856. Is. 9d.

Part VI. Hymenoptera. By F. Smith. Pp.134. J 851. 2s.

Part VII. Mollusca, Acephala and Brachiopoda. By
Dr. J. E. Gray. Pp. iv., 167. 1851. 3s. 6d.

Part VIII. Fish. By Adam White. Pp. xxiii., 164.
(With Index and List of Donors.) 1851. 3s. 6d.

20 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

List of the Specimens of British Animals in the Collection
of the British Museum — continued.

Part IX. Eggs of British Birds. By George Robert
Gray. Fp^US. 1852. 2s. Gd.

Part XI. Anoplura, or Parasitic Insects. By H. Denny.
Pp. iv., 51. 1852. Is.

Part XII. Lepidoptera (continued). By James F.
Stephens. Pp. iv., 54. 1852. dd.

Part XIII. Nomenclature of Hymenoptera. By
Frederick Smith. Pp. iv., 74. 1853. Is. Id,

Part XIV. Nomenclature of Neuroptera. By Adam
White. Pp. iv., 16. 1853. Gd.

Part XV. Nomenclature of Diptera, I. By Adam
White. Pp. iv., 42. 1853. Is.

Part XVI. Lepidoptera (completed). By H. T. Stainton.
Pp. 199. [With an Index.] 1854. 3s.

PLANTS.

Illustrations of Australian Plants collected in 1770 during
Captain Cook's Voyage round the World in H.M.S.
" Endeavour." By the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks,
Bart., K.B., P.R.S., and Dr. Daniel Solander, F.R.S.
[Being a series of lithographic reproductions of copper-
plates engraved after paintings by F. P. Nodder, James
Miller, J. F. Miller, and John Cleveley.] With Introduc-
tion and Determinations by James Britten, F.L.S., Senior
Assistant, Department of Botany, British Museum : —

Part I. — 101 Plates, with 31 pages of descriptive text.
1900, fol. £1 5s.

Part II.— 142 Plates (pis. 101-243), with 41 pages of
descriptive text (pp. 35-75). 1901, fol. £1 15s.

Part III.— 77 Plates (pis. 244-318, 45a, and 122), with
26 pages of descriptive text, including Index to the
whole work (pp. 77-102), and 3 maps. 1905, fol. £1 5s.

Catalogue of the African Plants collected by Dr. Friedrich
Welwitsch in 1853-61 :—

Vol. I. Dicotyledons. By William Philip Hiern, M.A.,
F.L.S., &c. : —

Part I. [Ranunculaceae to Rhizophoracese.] Pd.
xxvi., 336. [With Portrait of Dr. Welwitsch.
Introduction, Bibliography, and Index of Genera.]
1896. 8vo. 7s. 6d.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 21

Catalogue of the African Plants collected by Dr. Friedrich
Welwitsch in 1853-61 — continued.

Vol. I. — continued.

Part II. Combretacese to Rubiaceaa. Pp. 337-510.
[With Index of Genera.] 1898, 8vo. As.

Part III. Dipsacese to ScrophulariaceaB. Pp. 511—
784. [With Index of Genera.] 1898, 8vo. 5s.

Part IV. Lentibulariacese to Ceratophylleaa. Pp. 785-
1035. [With Index.] 1900, 8yo. 5s.

Vol. II. Monocotyledons, Gymnosperms, and Crypto-
gams : —

Part I. Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms. By
Alfred Barton Renclle, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S., Assis-
tant, Department of Botany. Pp. 260. [With
Index of Genera.] 1899, 8vo. 6s.

Part II. Cryptogamia. Pp. 261-566. [With Table
of Errata, and General Index to the whole work.]
1901, 8vo. 6s.

Vascular Cryptogams

... By William Carruthers, F.R.S.

Mosses

,,

Antony Gepp. M.A., F.L.S.

Hepatics

n

F. Stephani.

Marine Alga?

... ,,

Ethel S. Barton.

Freshwater Algae ...

,,

W. West, F.L.S., and G. S.

West, B.A.

Diatoinacese

... ,,

Thomas Comber, F.L.S.

Lichenes

... „

E. A. Wainio.

Fungi

• • »i

Annie Lorrain Smith.

Mycetozoa

... .,

Arthur Lister, F.R.S.

Synopsis of the British Basidiomycetes : a Descriptive
Catalogue of the Drawings and Specimens in the Depart-
ment of Botany, British Museum. By Worthington George
Smith, F.L.S/ Pp. 531. 5 Plates and 145 Figures in
Text, [With Index.] 1908, 8vo. 10s.

A Monograph of Lichens found in Britain : being a Descrip-
tive Catalogue of the Species in the Herbarium of the
British Museum. By the Rev. James M. Crombie, M.A.,
F.L.S., F.G.S., &c. Part I. Pp. viii., 519 : 71 Woodcuts.
[With Glossary, Synopsis, Tabular Conspectus, and Index.]
1891, 8vo. 16s.

List of British Diatomaceas in the Collection of the British
Museum. Bv the Rev. W. Smith. F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv., 55.
1859, 12mo. is.

22 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

FOSSILS.

Catalogue of ihe Fossil Mammalia in the British Museum

(Natural History). By Richard Lydekker, I). A., F.G.S.: —

Pari I. Containing the Orders Primates, Chiroptera,
Insectivora, Carnivora, and Rodentia. Pp. xxx., 268.
33 Woodcuts. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 5s.

Part II. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder
Artiodactyla. Pp. xxii., 324. 39 Woodcuts. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, Svo. 6s.

Part III. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborders
Perissodactyla, Toxodontia, Condylarthra, and Ambly-
poda. Pp. xvi., 186. 30 Woodcuts. [With Systematic
Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species,
including Synonyms.] 1886, 8vo. 4s.

Part IV. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder
Proboscidea. Pp. xxiv., 235. 33 Woodcuts. [With
Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera
and Species, including Synonyms.] 1886, 8vo. 5s.

Part V. Containing the Group Tillodontia, the Orders
Sirenia, Cetacea, Edentata, Marsupialia, Monotremata,
and Supplement. Pp. xxxv., 345. 55 Woodcuts.
[With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of
Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1887, 8vo. 6s.

Catalogue of the Fossil Birds in the British Museum (Natural
History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A. Pp. xxvii., 368.
75 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical
Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1891,
8vo. 10s. 6d.

Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British
Museum (Natural History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A.,
F.G.S. :—

Part I. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia,
Dinosauria, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia, and Pro-
terosauria. Pp. xxviii., 309. 69 Woodcuts. [With
Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera
and Species, including Synonyms.] 1888, Svo. 7s. 6d.

Part IT. Containing the Orders Ichthyopterygia and
Sauropterygia. Pp. xxi., 307. 85 Woodcuts. [With
Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera
and Species, including Synonyms.] 1889, Svo. 7s. Gd.

Part III. Containing the Order Chelonia. Pp. xviii.,
239. 53 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and
Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including
Synonyms.] 1889, 8vo. 7s. Gd,

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 23

Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British
Museum — continued.

Part IV. Containing the Orders Anomodontia, Ecaudata,
Caudata, and Labyrinthodontia ; and Supplement.
Pp. xxiii., 295. 66 Woodcuts. [With Systematic
Index, Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species,
including Synonyms, and Alphabetical Index of Genera
and Species to the entire work.] 1890, 8vo. 7s. 6d.

Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural
History). By Arthur Smith Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S.,
F.G.S., &c. :—

Part I. Containing the Elasmobranchii. Pp. xlvii.,
474. 13 Woodcuts and 17 Plates. [With Alphabetical
Index, and Systematic Index of Genera and Species.]
1889, 8vo. 11. Is.

Part II. Containing the Elasmobranchii (Acanthodii),
Holocephali, Ichthyodorulites, Ostracodermi, Dipnoi,
and Teleostomi (Crossopterygii and Chondrostean
Actinopterygii). Pp. xliv., 567. 58 Woodcuts and
16 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, and Systematic
Index of Genera and Species.] 1891, 8vo. 1/. Is.

Part III. Containing the Actinopterygian Teleostomi
of the Orders Chondrostei (concluded), Protospondyli,
Aetheospondyli, and Isospondyli (in part). Pp. xlii.,
544. 45 Woodcuts and 18 Plates. [With Alphabetical
Index, and Systematic Index of Genera and Species.]
1895, 8vo. 11. Is.

Part IV. Containing the Actinopterygian Teleostomi of
the Suborders Isospondyli (in part), Ostariophysi,
Apodes, Percesoces, Hemibranchii, Acanthopterygii,
and Anacanthini. Pp. xxxix., 636. 22 Woodcuts
and 19 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, and
Systematic Index of Genera and Species.] 1901,
8vo. 1/. Is.

A descriptive Catalogue of the Tertiary Yertebrata of the
Fayvim, Egypt. Based on the Collection of the Egyptian
Government in the Geological Museum, Cairo, and on the
Collection in the British Museum (Natural History),
London. By C. W. Andrews, D.Sc. Pp. xxxvii., 324 :
98 Text Figures and 26 Plates. [With Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1906, 4to. 1/. 15s.

Systematic List of the Edwards Collection of British Oligocene
and Eocene Mollusca in the British Museum (Natural
History), with references to the type-specimens from
similar horizons contained in other collections belonging

24 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

to the Geological Department of the Museum. By Richard
Bullen Newton, F.G.S. Pp. xxviii., 365. [With table of
Families and Genera, Bibliography, Correlation-table,
Appendix, and Alphabetical Index.] 1891, 8vo. 6s.

Catalogue of Tertiary Mollusca in the Department of Geology,
British Museum (Natural History). Part 1. The Austra-
lasian Tertiary Mollusca. By George F. Harris, F.G.S., &c.
Pp. xxvi., 407. 8 Plates. [With Table of Families, Genera,
and Sub-Genera, and Index.] 1897, 8vo. 10s.

Catalogue of the Fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum
(Natural History) : —

Parti. Containing part of the Suborder Nautiloidea, con-
sisting of the families Orthoceratidae, Endoceratidae,
Actinoceratidae, Gomphoceratidae, Ascoceratidae,
Poterioceratidae, Cyrtoceratidse, and Supplement. By
Arthur H. Foord, F.G.S. Pp. xxxi., 344. 51 Woodcuts.
[With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of
Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1888,
8yo. 10s. 6d.

Part II. Containing the remainder of the Suborder
Nautiloidea, consisting of the families Lituitidae,
Trochoceratidae, Nautilidae, and Supplement. By
Arthur H. Foord, F.G.S. Pp. xxviii., 407. 86 Wood-
cuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical
Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.]
1891, 8yo. 15s.

Part III. Containing the Bactritidae, and part of the
Suborder Ammonoidea. By Arthur H. Foord, Ph.D.,
F.G.S., and George Charles Crick, A.R.S.M., F.G.S.
Pp. xxxiii., 303. 146 Woodcuts. [With Systematic
Index of Genera and Species, and Alphabetical Index.]
1897, 8vo. 12s. 6d.

List of theTypes and Figured Specimens of Fossil Cephalopoda
in the British Museum (Natural History). By G. C. Crick,
F.G.S. Pp. 103. [With Index.] 1898, 8vo. 2s. 6d.

A Catalogue of British Fossil Crustacea, with their Synonyms
and the Range in Time of each Genus and Order. By
Henry Woodward, F.R.S. Pp. xii., 155. [With an
Alphabetical Index.] 1877, 8vo. 5s.

Catalogue of the Fossil Bryozoa in the Department of
Geology, British Museum (Natural History): —

The Jurassic Bryozoa. By J. W. Gregory, D.Sc, F.G.S.,
F.Z.S. Pp. [viii.,] 239 : 22 Woodcuts and 11 Plates.
[With List of Species and Distribution, Bibliography,
Index, and Explanation of Plates.] 1896, 8vo. 10s.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 25

Catalogue of the Fossil Bryozoa in the British Museum — cont.

The Cretaceous Bryozoa. By J. W. Gregory, D.Sc,
F.R.S., &c. :—

Vol. I. Pp. xiv., 457 : 64 Woodcuts and 17 Plates.
[With Index and Explanation of Plates.] 1899,
8vo. 16s.

Vol. II. Pp. xlviii., 346. 75 Woodcuts and 9 Plates.
[With List of Localities, Bibliography, Subject
and Systematic Indexes, and Explanation of
Plates.]" 1909, 8vo. 13s.

Catalogue of the Blastoidea in the Geological Department of
the British Museum (Natural History), with an account of
the morphology and systematic position of the group, and
a revision of the genera and species. By Robert Etheridge,
jun., of the Department of Geology, British Museum
(Xatural History), and P. Herbert Carpenter, D.Sc, F.R.S.,
F.L.S. (of Eton College). Pp. xv., 322. 20 Plates. [With
Preface by Dr. H. Woodward, Table of Contents, General
Index, Explanations of the Plates, &c] 1886, 4to. 1/. 5s.

The Genera and Species of Blastoidea, with a List of the
Specimens in the British Museum (Xatural History). By
F. A. Bather, M.A., F.G.S., of the Geological Department.
Pp. x., 70. 1 Woodcut, 1899, 8vo. 3s.

Catalogue of the Palaeozoic Plants in the Department of
Geology and Palaeontology, British Museum (Natural
History). By Robert Kidston, F.G.S. Pp. viii., 288.
[With a list of works quoted, and an Index.] 1886,
8vo. 5s.

Catalogue of the Mesozoic Plants in the Department of
Geology, British Museum (Natural History). By
A. C. Seward, M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S. , University Lecturer
in Botany and Fellow of Emanuel College, Cambridge : —

Part I. The Wealden Flora. Part I. Thallophyta—
Pteridophyta. Pp. xxxviii., 179. 17 Woodcuts and
11 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, Explanations
of the Plates, &c] 1894, 8vo. 10s.

Part II. The Wealden Flora. Part II. Gymnospermse.
Pp. viii., 259. 9 Woodcuts and 20 Plates. [With
Alphabetical Index, Explanations of the Plates, &c]
1895, 8vo. 15s.

Part III. The Jurassic Flora. Part I. The Yorkshire
Coast, Pp. xii., 341. 53 Woodcuts and 21 Plates.
[With Alphabetical Index, Explanations of the Plates,
&c] 1900, 8vo. 1/.

26 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Catalogue of the Mesozoic Plants in the Department of
Geology, British Museum — continued.

Part IV. The Jurassic Flora. II. — Liassic and
Oolitic Floras of England (excluding the Inferior
Oolite Plants of the Yorkshire Coast). Pp. xv., 192.
20 Woodcuts and 13 Plates. [With Alphabetical
Index, Explanations of the Plates, &c] 1904, 8vo. 10s.

( latalogue of the Fossil Plants of the Glossopteris Flora in
the Department of Geology, British Museum (Natural
History). Being a Monograph of the Permo-carboniferous
Flora of India and the Southern Hemisphere. By E. A.
Newell Arber, M.A., F.L.S., F.G.S. Pp. lxxiv., 255 : 51
Text-Figures and 8 Plates. [With Bibliography and
Alphabetical Index.] 1905, 8vo. 12s. 6d.

GUIDE-BOOKS, Etc.

A General Guide to the British Museum (Natural History),
Cromwell Road, London, S.W. Twelfth Edition. With
59 woodcuts, 2 plans, 2 views of the building, and an
illustrated cover. Pp. x., 117. 1909, 8vo. 3d.

Guide to the Specimens illustrating the Races of Mankind
(Anthropology), exhibited in the Department of Zoology,
British Museum (Natural Historv). [By R. Lydekker,
F.R.S.] Illustrated by 16 Figures. * Pp. 31. 1908, 8vo. 4td.

Guide to the Galleries of Mammals (other than Ungulates)
in the Department of Zoologv of the British Museum
(Natural History). Eighth " Edition. Pp. 101. 52
Woodcuts and 4 plans. [Index.] 1906, 8vo. 6d.

Guide to the Great Game Animals (Ungulata) in the Depart-
ment of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History). Pp.
93. 53 Text and other figures. With list of Horns,
Antlers and Tusks, and Index. 1907, 8vo. Is.

Guide to the Elephants (Recent and Fossil) exhibited in
the Department of Geology and Palaeontology in the British
Museum (Natural History). [By Dr. C. W. Andrews,
F.R.S.] Illustrated by 31 text-figures. Pp. 46. 1908,
8vo. 6d.

Guide to the Specimens of the Horse Family (Equidae)
exhibited in the Department of Zoology, British Museum
(Natural History). [By R. Lydekker, F.R.S.] Pp. 42
26 Figures. 1907, 8vo. Is.

Guide to the Domesticated Animals (other than Horses)
exhibited in the Central and North Halls of the British
Museum (Natural History). [By R. Lydekker, F.R.S.]
Illustrated by 24 Figures. Pp. 55. [With table of Contents,
List of Illustrations, and Index.] 1908, 8vo. 6d.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 27

Guide to the Whales, Porpoises, and Dolphins (order Cetacea)
exhibited in the Department of Zoology, British Museum
(Natural History). [By R. Lydekker, F.R.S.] Illustrated
by 33 Figures. Pp.47. [With Index.] 1909, 8vo. 4tf.

Guide to the Gallery of Birds in the Department of
Zoology, British Museum (Natural History). [By W. R.
OgiMe Grant,] Second Edition. Pp. iv., 228. 25 Plates,
and 7 Illustrations in text. [With Index.] 1910, 4to.
2s. 6c/.

Guide to the Gallery of Birds in the Department of Zoology,
British Museum (Natural History). [By W. R. OgiMe
Grant.] : —

Part I. General Series. Pp. 119. [With Index.]

1905, 4to. 6d.
Part II. Nesting Series of British Birds. Second

Edition. Pp. 62. 4 Plates. [ Index.] 1909, 4to. 4c?.

Guide to the Gallery of Reptilia and Amphibia in the
Department of Zoology of the British Museum (Natural
History). [By R. Lydekker, F.R.S.] Illustrated by
76 text and other Figures. Pp. iv., 75. [With Table of
Contents.] J 906, 8yo. 6d.

Guide to the Gallery of Fishes in the Department of Zoology
of the British Museum (Natural History). [By Dr. W. G.
Ride wood.] Illustrated by 96 Figures. Pp. v., 209.
[With Preface by Sir E. Ray Lankester, Table of
Classification, and Index.] 1908, 8yo. Is.

Guide to the British Vertebrates Exhibited in the Depart-
ment of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History).
[By W. P. Pvcraft,] Pp. iv., 116. 26 Text-Figures,
1 Plan. 1910, 8vo. Is.

Guide to the exhibited series of Insects in the Department
of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History). By C. 0.
Waterhouse. Second Edition. Pp. 65 : 62 text- and full-
page Illustrations. [With Table of Contents and Index.]
1909, 8yo. Is.

Guide to the Crustacea, Arachnida, Onychophora and My-
riopoda exhibited in the Department of Zoology. British
Museum (Natural History). (By W. T. Caiman, D.Sc.
A. S. Hirst, and F. J. Bell.) Pp. 133 : 90 Text-Figures.
[With Table of Contents and Index.] 19J0, 8vo. Is.

Guide to the Shell and Starfish Galleries (Mollusca, Polyzoa,

Brachiopoda, Tunicata, Echinoderma. and Worms).

Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History).

Fifth Edition. Pp. ivM 133. 125 Woodcuts, Plan and

Indexes. 1908, 8vo. 6r/.
Guide to the Coral Gallery (Protozoa, Porifera or Sponges,

Hydrozoa, and Anthozoa) in the Department of Zoology,

British Museum (Natural History)- Second Edition.

Pp. [iv., 8] 73. 90 Illustrations, Plan and Index.

1907, 8yo. Is.

28 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

A Guide to the Fossil Mammals and Birds in ih<' Department
of Geology and Palaeontology in fcbe British Museum
(Natural History). Ninth Edition. [By A. S. Woodward,
LL.D., F.R.S.] Pp. xvi., loo. 6 Plates, 88 Woodcuts.
[With List of Illustrations, Table of Stratified Rocks, and
Index.] 1909, 8vo. fW.

A Guide to the Fossil Reptiles, Amphibians, and Fishes in
(lie Department of Geology and Paleontology in the
British Museum (Natural History). Eighth Edition. [By
A. S. \\ oodward, LL.D., F.R.S.] Pp. xviii., 1.10. 8 Plates
and 116 Text-Figures. [With List of Illustrations, Geo-
logical Time-Scale and Index.] 1905, 8vo. *6d.

A Guide to the Fossil Invertebrate Animals in the Depart-
ment of Geology and Palaeontology in the British Museum
(Natural History). [By F. A. Bather, D.Sc] Pp. ix.,
182. 7 Plates and 96 Text-Figures. [With List of
Illustrations, Geological Time-scale, and Index.] 1907,
8vo. Is.

List of British Seed-plants and Ferns exhibited in the
Department of Botany, British Museum (Natural History).
[By A. B. Rendle, D.Sc, F.R.S., and J. Britten, F.L.S.]
With table of Sequence of Orders, and Index of Genera
Pp. 44. 1907, 8vo. 4d.

Guide to Sowerby's Models of British Fungi in the De-
partment of Botany, British Museum (Natural History).
Second Edition, revised. By Worthington G. Smith, F.L.S.
Pp. 85. 91 Woodcuts. W^ith Table of Diagnostic Characters,
Glossary, and Index. 1908, 8vo. 4rf.

Guide to the British Mycetozoa exhibited in the Department
of Botany, British Museum (Natural History). [By Arthur
Lister, F.R.S.] Third Edition, revised. Pp. 49. 46
Woodcuts. Index. 1909, 8vo. 3d.

A Guide to the Mineral Gallery of the British Museum
(Natural History). Tenth Edition. [By L. Fletcher, M.A.,
F.R.S.] Pp. 32. Plan. 1908, 8vo. Id.

The Student's Index to the Collection of Minerals, British
Museum (Natural History). Twenty-third Edition. [By
L. Fletcher, M.A., F.R.S.] Pp. 36. With a Plan of the
Mineral Gallery. 1908, 8vo. 2d.

An Introduction to the Study of Minerals, with a Guide to
the Mineral Gallery of the British Museum (Natural
History). By L. Fletcher, M.A., F.R.S. Thirteenth Edition.
Pp. 123. 41 Woodcuts. With Plan of the Mineral
Gallery and Index. 1910, Svo. 6d.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 29

An Introduction to the Study of Rocks and Guide to the
Museum Collection. Fourth Edition. Bv L. Fletcher,
M.A., F.R.S. Pp. 155. [With Plan of the Mineral Gallery,
Table of Contents, and Index.] 1909, 8to. Is.

An Introduction to the Study of Meteorites, with a List of the
Meteorites represented in the Collection. By L. Fletcher,
M.A., F.R.S., &c. Tenth Edition. Pp. 120. '[With a Plan
of the Mineral Gallery, and an Index to the Meteorites
represented in the Collection.] 1908, 8vo. 6d.

Special Guides.

No. 2. — Books and Portraits illustrating the History of Plant
Classification exhibited in the Department of Botany.
Second Edition. [Bv A. B. Rendle, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S.]
Pp. 19. 4 Plates. 1909, 8vo. 4d.

No. 3. — Memorials of Linnaeus : a collection of Portraits,
Manuscripts, Specimens, and Books exhibited to com-
memorate the Bicentenary of his Birth. [By A. B.
Rendle, M.A., D.Sc] Pp. 16. 2 Plates. 1907, 8vo. 3d,

No. 4. — Memorials of Charles Darwin : a Collection of
Manuscripts, Portraits, Medals, Books, and Natural History
Specimens to commemorate the Centenary of his Birth
and the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Publication of " The
Origin of Species." (Second Edition.) | Bv W. G. Ride-
wood, D.Sc] Pp. vi., 50. 2 Plates. 1910, 8vo. 6d.

Instructions for Collectors.

Handbook of Instructions for Collectors, issued by the
British Museum (Natural Historv). With Illustrations.
Third Edition. Pp. 144. Index. * 1906, 8vo. Is. 6d.

Instructions for Collectors : —

No. 1.— Mammals. Third Edition. Pp. 12. Text illust.
1905, 8vo. M.

No. 2. — Birds. Fourth Edition. Pp. 10. 5 figures in text.
1908, 8vo. M.

No. 3. — Reptiles, Batrachians, and Fishes. [Third Edition.]
Pp. 12. 1903, 8vo. 4d

No. 4. — Insects. Fourth Edition. Pp. 11. Text illust.
1907, Svo. 3r/.

No. 5. — Diptera (Two-winged Flies). Third Edition.
Pp. 16. Text illust, 1908, 8vo. 3d.

30 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS &C. (NATURAL HISTORY).

No. 6. — Mosquitoes (Culicids "Third Edition.] Pp. s.

1 Plate, 1 figure in text. 1904, 8vo. IV.

No. 7. — Blood-suoking Flies, Ticks, etc. By E. E. Austen.
Third Edition. Pp.24: 13 figures in text. 1907,8vo.3rf.

No. 8. — Spiders, Centipedes, &c. Second Edition, P]>. 1.
L906, 8vo. 3d

No. 9. — Soft-bodied and other Invertebrate Animals ; Shells
of Molluscs. Third Edition. Pp. 18. 1909, 8vo. 3d.

No. 10.— Plants. Fourth Edition. Pp. 10 : 3 figures in text.
L909, 8vo. 3d

No. 11. — Fossils and Minerals. Third Edition. Pp. 8.
1906, 8vo. 3d

British Museum (Natural History),
Cromwell Road,
London, S.W.
May, 1910.

Fawcett, William/F

ora of J

3 5185 00

amaica, conta

35 8819