Wi^$® t^m. ^f , ^•>:;:: ...... . . _ -- '.•:;:/^1'. I • ^ v'xv;--;-^,. - 1& (N.H. ffi PRESENTED TO THE NEV/ : BOTANICAL GARDEN. - TANICALCAKM ll FLOBA OF JAMAICA VOL. V. DICOTYLEDONS FAMILIES BUXACE^ TO UilBELLIFER^E FLORA OF JAMAICA CONTAINING DESCRIPTIONS OF THE FLOWERING PLANTS KNOWN FROM THE ISLAND BY WILLIAM FAWCETT, B.Sc., F.L.S. > * • FORMERLY ASSISTANT, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) LATE DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC GARDENS AND PLANTATIONS, JAMAICA AND ALFRED BARTON RENDLE, M.A.,D.Sc.,F.R.S.,P.L.S. KEEPER OF THE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) NEW YORK BOTANICAL VOL. V. DICOTYLEDONS FAMILIES BUXACE/S TO UMBELLIFER/E WITH 156 TEXT ILLUSTRATIONS LONDON : PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE. BRITISH MUSEUM AND SOLD AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROM\YELL ROAD, S.W. 7 AND BY B. QUARITCH, LTD. ; DULAU & Co., LTD. ; THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS; AND WHELDON & WESLEY, LTD., LONDON; ALSO BY OLIVER & BOYD, EDINBURGH 1926 (All rights reserved] Issued 2 4 July, 1926] V.S <*, a fruited in Great Britain PREFACE THE present volume continues the systematic account of the flowering plants of Jamaica to the end of the free-petaled Dicotyledons. The description of the Garryaceae is appended, with a reference to the position which it should occupy in the light of more recent knowledge of its floral structure. Volume VI., in course of preparation, will contain the account of the sym- petalous families. As in the 'case of the previous volume, the printing has been spread over several years. "We are again indebted for the loan of specimens to the Government of Jamaica, and to various institutions and indi- viduals, especially to the Directors of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Edinburgh, the Bristol Museum, the Naturhistoriska Riks-Museum at Stockholm, and the New York Botanical Garden. Special thanks are due to Mr. Cecil Norman, who made a short collecting trip to Jamaica, and also helped in the elaboration of the families Turneracese, Combretacese, Onagraceae, Araliaceaj and Umbelliferse. As in the previous volumes, the drawings for illustrations have been made under our supervision by Mr. Percy Highley. A. B. RENDLE. DEPARTMENT OP BOTANY, BEITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROMWELL, KOAD, LONDON, S.W. July, 1926. WORKS REFERRED TO IN THE TEXT (In addition to those already enumerated in Yols. III. and IV.) Abb. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. — Abhandlungen der Matheniatisch-Physika- lischen Classe der K. Bayer. Akad. d. Wissensch. Munich. 1832->- Acta Hort. Petrop. — Acta Horti Petropolitani. St. Petersburg. 1871->- Acta Ups. — K. Vetenskaps-Societeten. Acta &c. Upsala & Stockholm. 1720-51. A. Gr. Gen. Fl. Amer. — Genera Florae Americas. . .Genera of the Plants of the United States. 2 vols. A. Gray. Boston. 1848, 49. A. Gr. PL Wright. — Plants Wrightianae Texano — Neo-Mexicanee. A. Gray. Smithsonian Institution. Washington. 1852. A. Gr. Syn. Fl. N. Am. — Synoptical Flora of N. America. A. Gray and others. Cambridge, Mass. 1878-97. Agric. News — Agricultural News : a fortnightly Keview of the Imperial Department of Agriculture for the West Indies. Barbados. 1902-22. Allg. Med. Pharrn. Fl. — Allgemeine medizinisch-pharmazeutische Flora. V. F. Kosteletzky. Prague. 1831-36. Am. Acad. — American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Memoirs. 1785- 3873. Proceedings. 184S->- Ann. Cons, et Jard. Bot. Geneve — Annuaire du Conservatoire et du Jardin Botaniques de Geneve. Geneva. 1897->- Ann. gener. Sci. Phys. — Annales Generates des Sciences Physiques. Brussels. 1819-21. Ann. Hist. Nat. Madrid — R. Sociedad Espaiiola de Historia Natural. Annales &c. Madrid. 1872-1902. Arkiv for Botan. — Arkiv for Botanik. Stockholm. 1903->- Baill. Monogr. Bus. — Monographie des Buxacees &c. H. E. Baillon. Paris. 1859. Benn. PI. Jav. Rar. — Plantae Javanicse rariores &c. J. J. Bennett. London. 1838-52. Berg Handb. Pharm. Bot. — Handbuch der pharrnazeutischen Botanik. Ed. 3. 0. K. Berg. Berlin. 1855. Bonplandia. — Bonplandia. 10 vols. Hannover. 1853-62. Bonpl. Melast. — Yoyage de Humboldt & Bonpland. . .Monographie des Melastomacees. Paris. 1816. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. — Botany of the United States & Mexican Boundary Survey. John Torrey & G. Engelmanu. Washington. Vol. ii. 1859. Breyn. Cent. Prim. — Exoticarum. . .Plantarurn centuria prima &c. J. Breynius. Dantzig. 1678. Breyn. Prodr. — Prodromi fasciculi rariorum Plantarum &c. J. P. Breynius. Dantzig. 1739. Britt. Fl. Berm.— Flora of Bermuda. N. L. Britton. New York. 1918. Britt. & Millsp. Bah. Fl.— Bahama Flora. N. L. Britton & C. F. Mill- spaugh. New York. 1920. Britt. & Rose Cact.— The Cactaceae &c. N. L. Britton & J. N. Rose. Washington. 1919-23. Brookl. Bot. Gard. Mem. — Brooklyn Botanic Garden Memoirs. Brooklyn. 1918-^ Vlll FLOKA OF JAM AI < A Bull. N. York Bot. Card. — Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. — Societe R. de Botanique de Belgique. Bulletin &c. Brussels. 1862->- Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. — Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France. Paris. 1854^ Burrn. Fl. Ind. — Flora Indica. N. L. Burniann. Leyden, Amsterdam. 1768. Collad. Hist. Cass. — Histoire naturelle et mtdicale des Casses &c. L. T. F. Colladon. Montpeilier. 1816. Contrib. Gray Herb. — Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of the Harvard University. Cambridge, Mass. 1891->- DC. Mem. Leg. — Memoires sur la famille des Leguniineuses. A. P. de Candolle. Paris. 1825. DC. Mem. Melast. — Memoire sur la Famille des Melastornacees. A. P. de Candolle. Paris. 1828. Desv. Journ. Bot. — Journal de Botanique appliquee &c. Edited by N. A. Desvaux. Vol. i-iv. Paris. 1813-14. Diet. Sc. Nat. — Dictionuaire des Sciences naturelles &c. Paris. 1804- 1830. Don Gen. Syst. — A General System of Gardening and Botany &c. 4 vols. George Don. London. 1831-38. Ehret Plants— Plants et Papiliones &c. G. D. Ehret. [London.] 1748(-49). Fedde Rep. — Repertorium Novarum. Specierum Regni Vegetabilis. F. Fedde. Berlin. 1906^ Feuillee Journ. Obs. — Journal des Observations &c. L. Feuillee. Paris. 1714-25. Fl. des Serres — Flore des Series & des Jardins de 1'Europe. Ghent. 1845-80. Gard. & For. — Garden & Forest. Conducted by C. S. Sargent. New York. 1888-97. Goett. Abh.— Abhandlungen &c. Gottingen. 1843-95. Gosse Nat. Soj. Jam. — A Naturalist's Sojourn in Jamaica, with illustra- tions. P. H. Gosse & R. Hill. London. 1851. Gron. "Virg. — Flora Yirginica &c. J. F. Gronovius. Leyden 1739-43. Giirke Monats. Kakt. — Monatschrift fiir Kakteenkunde. Berlin, Neudamm. 1891-1922. Hiern Cat. Welw. Afr. PI. — Catalogue of the African Plants collected by F. \Vehvitsch. W. P. Hiern. London. 1896-1901. Hoffm. Gen. Umb. — Genera Plantarurn Umbelliferarum &c. G. F. Hoffmann. Moscow. 1814. Hook. Bot. Misc. — Botanical Miscellany &c. W. J. Hooker. London. 1829-33. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. — Flora of British India. J. D. Hooker and others. 7 vols. 1875-97. Houst. Reliq. — Reliquiae Houstounianse &c. W. Houstoun. London. 1781. Illustr. Hort. — L'lllustration Horticole. Special &c. Editor, C. Lemaire. Ghent. 1854-69. WORKS REFERRED TO IN THE TEXT IX Jam. Bull. — Bulletin of the Botanical Department, Jamaica. [Edited by W. Fawcett.] Kingston, Jamaica. 1887-1902. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. — Asiatic Society of Bengal. Journal &c. Calcutta. 1832-> Journ. Hort. Soc. — Journal of the Eoyal Horticultural Society of London. London. 1846^ Journ. N. York Bot. Gard. — New York Botanical Garden. Journal &c. Lancaster, Pa. 1900^- Journ. Soc. Chern. Ind. — Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry. London. 1882^ Karst. Fl. Columb. — Florae Columbiee . . . Specimina Selecta &c. 2 vols. Carl W. G. H. Karsten. Berlin. 1858-69. Karsten Deutsch. Fl.— Deutsche Flora. Carl W. G. H. Karsten. Berlin. 1880-83. Koehler Med. Pflanz. — Kohlers Medizinal-Pflanzen &c. F. E. Koehler. Gera-Utermhaus. [1883-98.] Ledeb. & Alderstam. Diss. — Dissertatio botanica. K. F. Ledebour & J. P. Alderstam. Greifswald. 1805. Linden & Planch. Trois. Voy. Linden — Troisieme Voyage de J. Linden. . . Premiere partie. Botanique. Plantse Columbianse, par J. Linden et J. E. Planchon. Tome ler. Brussels. 1863. Ined. Link Enum. Hort. Berol. — Enumeratio Plantarum Horti E. Botanici. Beroliiiensis. 2 Parts. H. F. Link. Berlin. 1821, 22. Link & Otto, Ic. PI. Ear. — Icones Plantarum Eariorum Horti E. Botanici Berolinensis &c. H. F. Link & F. Otto. Berlin. 1828[-31]. Link & Otto PL Select. Hort. Berol. — Icones Plantarum selectarum Horti Eegii Botanici Berolinensis &c. H. F. Link & F. Otto. Berlin. 1820-28. Lond. Med. Journ. — The London Medical Journal. 1781-90. Loud. Encycl. PI. — Encyclopaedia of Plants. Editor, J. C. Loudon. London". 1829. Mag. der Gesellsch. Naturforsch. Freunde — Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde. Magazin &c. Berlin. 1807-18. Mart. Cent. — Historia Plantarum Eariorum, Centurise &c. J. Martyn. London. 1728. Medic. Malv. — Malven-Familie. F. Kasimir Medicus. Mannheim. 1787. Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve — Societe de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve. Memoires. Geneva, Paris, & Basle. 1821->- Mem. Torr. Club — Torrey Botanical Club. Memoirs. New York. 18S9->- Mem. Wern. Soc. — Wernerian Natural History Society. Memoirs. Edinburgh. 1811-38. Moric. PL Nouv. d'Arner. — Plantes Nouvelles d'Amerique. S. Moricand. 1833-46. Muehl. Cat. — Catalogus Plantarum Arnericse Septentrionalis &c. G. H. E. Muehlenberg. Lancaster. 1813. Murr. Syst. Veg.— C. a Linne . . . Systema Vegetabilium . . . ed. 13 ... J. A. Murray. Goettingen. 1774. Nov. Act. Leop. -Carol. Akad. Naturf. — K. Leopoldino-Carolinische Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher. Nova Acta &c. Nuernberg. 1757^- Parl. Sp. Cot.— Le specie dei Cotoni & Atlas. F. Parlatore. Florence. 1866. Paxton Mag. — Paxton's Magazine of Botany. London. 1834-49. X I'l.oKA OF JAMA I- 'A EDnunL—Enumeratio diagnostics ('arteanim <&<•. L.G. C. I'f--i:' Berlin, J-:i7. PfeittiT A <>n<> Gact. — Abbililunij uiul lic^i-hrt.'ibun^ Muhender L. G. 0. Pfeiff< c & 0. P. Otto. « L843 !;>•]'. — !;< pertorio lisico-uatural do la l^la de C>. I>irector, "!•'. Poey, -J vols. Havana. L865 08. I'resl KL-li<[. llaciik. Reliquue Haenkean C. B. Presl. Prague. Kaull:. Monogr. Serj. — Monographie der Serjania. L. Radlkofer. Munich. 1875. Remlk' rlu~-if. Fl. PI.— Classification of Flowering Plants. A. E. Reiidle. < anil. ridge. 1904, 11)25. Rev. Hortio.— Revue Horticole &c. Paris. 1832-1904. in. (M.) Syn. Pepon. — Familiarum naturalium regni vegetabili.s synopses monographicae &e. M. J. Roemer. Weimar. 1846-47. Eoemer Collect. — Collectanea ad omnem rem Botanicam spectantia. J. J. Roerner. Zurich. 1809. Roxb. Hort. Beng. — Hortus Bengalensis &c. W. Roxburgh. Serampore. 1814 (1813). Ruiz & Pav. Syst. — Systema Vegetabilium Florae Peruvianaa et Chilen-i- &c. H. Ruiz Lopez & J. Pa von. Madrid. 1793. Salm-Dyck Cact. Hort. Dyck — Cacteae in Horto Dyckensi cultae &c. Bonn. 1850. Schrad. Neu. Journ. Bot. — Xeues Journal fiir die Botanik. H. A. Schrader. Erfurt. 1805-7. Schrank PI. Rar. Hort. Mon. — Plantse Rariores Horti Academic!. Munich. 1817-19. Sitzb. K. Bayer. Akad. Math. Phys. Kl. — Sitzungsberichten der K. Bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften, Math.-phys. Classe. Munich. Skrivt. Naturh. Selsk. Kjoeb. — Skrivter Katurhistorie Selskabet. Copen- hagen. 1794. Small Fl. Miami — Flora of Miami . . . Florida. J. K. Small. New York. 1913. Smith Ic. pict. rar. — Icones pictee Plantarum Rariorurn. James E. Smith. London. 1790[-9:iT. Souner. Voy. Ind. — Vovage aux Indes orientales &c. P. Sounerat. Paris. "1782. St. Hil. PI. Us. — Plaiites Usuelles des Brasiliens. A. de St.-Hilaire. Paris. 1S24. Sweet Brit. Flow. Gard. — The British Flower Garden. 3 vols. London. 1823-29. Series the second, &c. : 4 vols. 1831-38. Sweet Hort. Brit. — Hortus Britannicus. R. Sweet. London. 1826-27. Syll. PI. Nov. Ratisbon. — Sylloge Plantarum Novarum. Published by the R. Botanic Society. Vols. i, ii. Regensburg. 1824-28. Thunb. Diss. Hydroc. — Dissertatio Botanica de Hydrocotyle, proponit J. Ponten. 1798. Di?sertationes Academicae Upsaliae hibitae sub prassidio C. P. Thunberg. Upsal. 1781-99. Tod. Oss. Cot. — Osservazioni. . .Cotone &c. A. Todaro. Palermo. 1862. Tod. Relaz. Monogr. Goss. — Relazione sulla Cultura dei Cotoni . . . Mono- grafia del genere Gossypium. Svo. Atlas of 12 pis. fol. A. Todaro. Rome. 1877-78. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. — Royal Horticultural Society (originally Horti- cultural Society of London). Transactions. London. 1812-48. WORKS REFERRED TO IN THE TEXT XI Trim. Fl. Ceyl. — Flora of Ceylou. H. Trimen, continued by J. D. Hooker. London. 1893-1900. Verb, beford. Gartenb. — Melocactus & Ecliinocactus in Yerbandl. Verein. beford. Gartenbaues. K. Preuss. Stat. Berlin. Bd. iii. H. F. Link & F. Otto. Berlin. 1827. Vesque Epharm. — Epharmosis. J. Yesque. Yincennes. 1889-92. Watt Wild & Cult. Cott.— Tbe Wild & Cultivated Cotton Plants of tbe World ; a revision of tbe genus Gossypium, &c. G. Watt. London. 1907. W. Ind. Bull. — West Indian Bulletin; tbe Journal of tbe Imperial Department of Agriculture. Barbados. 1899-1921. Zeitscbr. f. Naturw. Halle— Zeitscbrift fur Naturwissenscbaften. Berlin, Halle. 1882-89. NAMES OF COLLECTORS (In addition to those cited in previous Volumes) DOWNES, E. (1920-). JOHNSON, DUNCAN S. (1900-). KILLIP (1920). LINDEN, J. J. (1844). MAXON. W. (1904-). XORMAN, C. (1924). PERKINS, Miss J. K. (1916). RIDLEY, H. K (1916). ROBINSON, A. (-1768). WATERS, Rev. J. (1826-47). CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS p. 71. Rhamniclium. We followed Urban in av^iiim; • tli<-<- two doulitful PpecieSj \\hidi he had deserilied, on in<-< mi) i material. to the genus Rhamnidium. .More recently (Si/mh. Ant. ix. 22s, I'JiM) I'rban removed H. jamaicense to a. new geini< Auerodendron. The two genera arc distinguished as follows :- Ovary 2-celled. Endosperm wanting. Cotyledons very convex ............................................... G. Rhamnidium. Ovary imperfectly 2-celled. Endosperm present. Cotyledons flat .......................................... GA. Auerodendron. 6.\. AUERODENDRON Urb. Trees or shrubs, with the younger branches glabrous or puberulous. Leaves opposite or subopposite, stalked, pinnately nerved, entire, persistent. Stipules united in the axil of the leaf. Inflorescences axillary. Flowers hermaphrodite, parts in fives. Calyx: tube hemispherical, lobes valvate, triangular to lanceolate-acuminate. Petals folded together, roundish above with eniarginate apex, below broadly clawed. Disk lining the calyx-tube. Stamens inserted under the bays of the disk ; anthers ovoid or globose-ovoid, opening at the sides inwards. Ovary superior, free, globulose, in appearance 2-celled, placenta only one developed, prolonged almost to the opposite wall ; ovules erect, _ in the ovary ; style subentire at the apex. Drupe enclosed by the whole persistent calyx, or by the tube only, crowned by the style, 2-celled. Seed compressed ; coat thin, with black dots ;. endosperm adhering to the coat, moderately fleshy. Embryo flattened ; cotyledons obovate, flat, cordate at base ; radicle very short. Species 7, natrves of Bahamas, Cuba, and Jamaica. A. jamaicense Urb. £////?/>. Ant. ix. 228 (1924). Rhamnidium jamaicense Url>. Synth. Ant. v. 409 (1908). Page 4, line 3 from bottom, for Kottb. read L. ,, 19, heading, for Anacardiaceee read Cyrillaceffi. ,, 24, line 23, after Aug. ; insert Me Nab ! ,, ,, lines 3 and 4 from bottom, for 3-5 read 2-5. ,, 77, after line 19 insert Viscum ramulis et foliis &c. Sloans Cat. 16S & Hist. i. 93, t. 201. COEEECTIONS AND ADDITIONS xill Page 77, line 27, after 90 ! insert vi. 110 (in part) ! ,, 112, ,, 33, for C. ovata rtwZ S. ovata. ,, 163, ,, 10, for venosa read pilosa. ,, ,, ,, 14, for hirsuta read villosa. ,, 177, ,, 3. for MS. ex read in Linden & Planch. ,, 181, ,, 5 from bottom, for Camellia read Thea. ,,188, ,, 23, for Hist, read Syst. ,, 219, ,, 10 from bottom, after 5726 insert 5729. ,, 226, ,, 14, before (Fig. 90) insert Ilex nitida Maxim, forma 5 ovatl- folia Locs. in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. Ixxxix. 285 (1908). ,, ,, ,, 18, before below insert near Morse's Gap. ,, ,, ,, 19, before 10,034 insert 6737. ,, 230, ,, 10, for Bohadsehia read Bohadschia. „ 233, ,, 20, /orL. read P. ,, 244, ,, 2, before inflorescence insert male. ,,325, ., 3 from bottom, for Lond. read Loud. „ 327, ,, 2, after Bot. insert ed. 3. ,, 395, ,, 21, omit il Type from Browne in Herb. Linn." NOTES MELASTOMA SESSILIFOLIA L. Melastoma sessilifolia L. is described in Systema Naturse, ed. 10, 1022, with a reference to Browne Nat. Hist. Jamaica, t. 24, /. 2. Linnseus, in his copy of Browne's History, has written 011 /. 24 " M. sessilifolia," but he has also given the same name to a specimen from Browne in his herbarium of Mel amount impt'tlolaris Sw. (Mlconla impetiolari* D. Don). As Browne's plate includes inflorescence as well as leaves, and the specimen has only leaves, it appears right to consider the plate as the type of J\I. srysili folia L., which species is now known as Henriettella sessilifolia Triana. The words "Type from Browne in Herb. Linn." should be omitted on page 395, line 21, of this volume. XIV FLORA OF JAMAICA Flora of Jamaica, Vol. ii. References to this volume have been included in the text, but it must be borne in mind that the volume was never published. The following note has been written by Mr. William Carruthers in the copy in the Library of the Botanical Depart- ment, British Museum : " The sheets of this second volume were printed in Jamaica. The printing was stopped because of the sudden death of Dr. Macfadyen. Only a few copies exist. Dr. Macfadyen's son informed me that the sheets were used as J waste paper by the executor of his father's will." We know only of five copies. One is in the Museum, two are in Jamaica, and one is stated by Mr. Carruthers to be in the possession of the Macfadyen family. These are apparently similar and include pp. 1-216, that is as far as Portlandia in the beginning of Rubiacere. The copy in the Ivew Herbarium ends at p. 192. A transcription of one of the copies in Jamaica was made for the Berlin Herbarium. Pritzel saw the volume in the Kew Herbarium. We note that the1 Index Kewensis includes new species described by Macfadyen as though they had been published (e.g. PassiHora recjalis & P. cillosa). SWAKTZ, Prodromus Descript. Vc Calyx 5-parted, imbricate. Petals, same number as sepals, slightly convolute. Stamens d, hypogy nous. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit fleshy, 2-celled, 2-valved. Trees or shrubs. Leaves without stipules. (Page 18.) -* * The descriptions of the Families are drawn up with a view to the ' determination of Jamaican specimens, and therefore are not always. > generally applicable. Contractions : Fls. = Flowers ; usu. — usually. XVI FLOEA OF JAMAICA Fain. •">."). Aauifoliacese (Ilex). Fls. in cynics ; flower-parts in fours, fives, or sixes. Calyx and petals imbricate. Stamens <«lli<'rinf petals, united at the base or higher (Melochia, Waltheria}. Ovary 2-5-celled, or of a single carpel. (Waltheria). Fruit various. Seeds not woolly. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, usu. ivith stellate hairs. Leaves usu. simple, sometimes lobed, usu. stipulate. (Page 154.) v. b XYlii FLORA OF JAMAICA Fam. 67. Dilleniacese. Fls. 2-sexual or polygamous ; panicles terminal or in the upper axils. Sepals 5, imbricate, persistent. Petals as many as sepals, imbricate. Stamens indefinite, filaments thickened at apex. Carpels one to indefinite, distinct. Climbing shrubs or trees. Leaves entire or obscurely toothed. (Page 171.) Fam. 68. Oehnaeese. Fls. solitary or clustered in axils, or in terminal or axillary panicles or racemes. Sepals 5(4—10), free, imbricate. Petals as many as sepals, free, imbricate or convolute. Stamens 5 or JO. Ovary ^—10-lobed, or entire ami one-celled. Fruit : drupes on a receptacle (Ouratea) or a capsule (Sauvagesia). Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves entire or ser- rulate, stipulate. (Page 173.) Fam. 69. Maregraviaeese (Maregravia). Racemes contracted, umbel-like, pendulous, terminal. Bracts usu. attached to pedicel and transformed into nectar-bearing organs. Sepals 4-5, imbricate. Petals united to form a lid. Stamens 12-40. Ovary incompletely 4-12-celled. Fruit globose, leathery, not opening or only after some time. Shrubs, climbing by means of rootlets. Leaves usu. without stipules. (Page 178.) Fam. 70. Ternstrcemiaeese. Fls. 2-sexual, polygamous, or unisexual, one or few in leaf-axils. Sepals usu. 5 and free, imbricate. Petals usu. 5, hypogyiious, free or united at base into a ring or sliort tube, imbricate. Stamens usu. indefinite, hvpogvnous, generally united at base and adhering to petals, falling off icith them. Ovary with 2-10, or indefinite cells. Fruit not opening or capsular. Trees or shrubs. Leaves usu. simple, without stipules. (Page 181.) Fam. 71. Guttiferse. Fls. dioecious, polygamous, or 2-sexual (in Symrjhonia), terminal or axillary, sometimes solitary or clustered, sometimes in few-flowered cymes or in panicles. Sepals 2-6, imbricate or decussate. Petals 2-8 or wanting, rarely indefinite, contorted or sometimes imbricate. Male fls. : Stamens numerous, hypogynous ; filaments free, or united only at base, or forming a tube (Symphonia). Female or 2-sexual fls. : Staminodes or stamens often definite, or fewer in number than stamens of male fl. Ovary with 3—10 cells, or 2-celled in Mammea, 1-celled in CalopJiyllum. Fruit berry-like or drupaceous, or sometimes opening septicidally. Trees or shrubs with resinous sap. Leaves opposite, generally decussate, without stipules. (Page 190.) Fam. 72. Hyperieaeese (Ascyrum). Fls. usu. terminal. Sepals 4, imbricate. Petals 4, hypogynous, imbricate. Stamens indefinite, hypogynous. Ovary 1-celled. Ovules indefinite. Shrubs or herbs. Leaves opposite, gland-dotted, without stipules. (Page 202.) CONSPECTUS OF FAMILIES XIX Fam. 73. Quiinacese (Quiina). Fls. usu. polygamous, in short axillary or terminal panicles, raceme-like or clustered. Sepals 4, imbricate. Petals 4, hypogynous, imbricate or twisted. Stamens 15-30, free or united at base and w'dli petals, liypocjipious ; anthers small, globose. Ovary 2— 3-celled ; styles 2—3 ; stigmas peltate; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit berry-like, 1-celled, with 1-4 seeds. Seeds with reddish-brown velvet// hairs. Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, with narrow stipules. (Page 203.) Fam. 74. Bixaeese (Bixa). Fls. large, in a terminal panicle ; pedicels 5-glandular. Sepals and petals 5, imbricate. Stamens indefinite, inserted on a thick receptacle; anthers horseshoe-shaped, opening at apex by 2 short chinks becoming at length a single pore. Ovary 1-celled ; placentas 2 on ovary -walls ; ovules indefinite. Capsule 2-valved, spiny. Seeds covered with a reddish-orange pulp. Shrub or small tree. Leaves ample, palmately-nerved. (Page 205.) Fam. 75. Canellaeese. Fls. in axillary or terminal cymes. Sepals 3, imbricate, persistent. Petals 5. Stamens united, tubular, typogynom ; anthers outside tube in a close ring. Ovary 1-celled ; placentas 2-5, on ovary -walls, with 2 or more ovules ; style short, with 2-6 stigmas. Fruit a berry. Trees with aromatic bark. Leaves with pellucid dots, without stipules. (Page 207.) [Fam. Violaeese (Viola). Fh. irregular, 1 or 2 together in leaf-axils. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, unequal, the lower petal larger or unlike and often spurred, imbricate or twisted. Stamens 5, hypogynous or slightly perigynous ; anthers erect, in a ring round tie ovary, sessile or subsessile ; connective often flattened or pro- longed beyond the cells into a membranous appendage. Ovary 1-celled; placentas 3 on ovary-walls, each with indefinite ovules. Fruit a capsule with 3 valves. Herbs. (Page 210.)] Fam. 76. Flaeourtiaeese. Fls. 2-sexual (in Xylosma dioecious). Sepals or calyx-lobes imbricate or valvate. Petals wanting, except in Homalium. Stamens definite or indefinite. Ovary superior or (in Homalium) more or less half-inferior, 1-celled; placentas 2-6 <>n ovary-walls ; ovules indefinite. Fruit fleshy, berry-like, at length opening by valves, or a capsule, or a berry. Trees or shrubs. Stipules small or wanting. (Page 211.) Fam. 77. Turneraeese. Fls. axillary, solitary or fewr, some- times racemose ; peduncles free or united with the petiole. Flower-parts in fives. Sepals imbricate, soon dropping oft', united below into a tube (receptacle). Petals perigynous, twisted in bud, soon dropping off. Stamens inserted at middle or base of calyx-tube. Ovary 1 -celled. Styles simple or divided ; stigmas brush-like. Camels 1-celled, 3-valved. Herbs or shrubs. Stipules small or wanting. (Page 227.) XX FLOIIA OF JAMAICA Fam. 78. Passifloraeese (Passiflora). Fls. axillary : flmver- parts in fives. Calyx-tube saucer-like or bell-shaped; sepals and petals imbricate. Corona fixing front the tin-oat or u-alls of the calyx-tube, of one or several series, cut into radiating of erect filaments or membranous. Stamens and ovary raised above the jii'tal* l>i an elongation of the axis. Ovary 1-celled. Styles 3, or sometimes a simple style with 3 or 4 branches. Fruit more or less berry-like or sometimes capsular opening by 3 valves at apex. Herbs or shrubs, erect or climbing by axillary tendrils. Leaves entire or lobed ; petiole usu. glandular ; stipules 2. Bract and bracteoles 3, small and distant from flower, or large, leafy, close to flower. (Page 231.) Fam. 79. Carieacese (Carica). Fls. unisexual or a few 2-sexual; corolla of male and female unlike. Male inflorescence paniculate. Calyx usu. 5-lobed. Corolla witli a long slender tube and a flat limb. Stamens 10. Female fls. solitary or crowded in a few-flowered panicle. Calyx as in male fl. Petals 5, soon falling. Ovary 1-celled. Fruit a berry. Trees or shrubs, with terminal crown of leaves u'ith milky juice. Leaves usu. palmate ; stipules wanting. (Page 243.) Fam. 80. Loasaeese (Mentzelia). Fls. terminal, cymose. Calyx-lobes 5, persistent. Petals 5. Stamens indefinite. Ocary inferior, 1-celled. Fruit a capsule. Herbs, rough irith barbed hairs. Stipules wanting. (Page 247.) Fam. 81. Begoniaeese (Begonia). Fls. monoecious, not sym- metrical, in axillary unisexual or 2-sexual cymes. Male fls. : perianth-segments free ; outer usu. 2, opposite, valvate, inner 2 or wanting. Stamens indefinite. Female fls. : perianth-seg- ments 2-5, imbricate. Ocary inferior, 3-celled, 3-ivinged or 3-cornered. Fruit a capsule, 3-cornered, unequally winged. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves stipulate. (Page 24.9.) Fam. 82. Cueurbitaeese. Fls. monoecious or dioecious, solitary, racemose, or paniculate. Sepals 5, imbricate, united below into a tube. Petals 5, distinct or united. Stamens free or variously united, usu. 3, of which one has a 1-celled anther, the others ^-celled anthers. Anthers distinct or cohering or confluent, cells usu. flexuose. Ovary inferior, usu. 3-celled, placentas usu. meeting in axis. Fruit usu. fleshy or corky, usu. not opening. Herbs or undershrubs, annual or with a perennial root, rarely shrubs, stems climbing or prostrate. Leaves simple or palmate! y lobed or pedate, usu. cordate and membranous. (Page 253.) Fam. 83. Caetaeese. Fls. often showy, usu. solitary, axillary, terminal, or inserted on the ribs or in the notches of the stem. Sepals, petals, and stamens indefinite in number, often numerous CONSPECTUS OF FAMILIES XXI and in many series, the inner sepals gradually passing into the outer petals. Ovary inferior, sometimes sunk in the stem, 1 -celled with placentas on the walls; ovules numerous. Berry pulpy. Herbs, xhrub*, or trees, usu. succulent, with distinct cushion- like, spine-bearing areas ("areoles"). Stem long, branching, or reduced to a column or cone or globe. Leaves (when present) minute, scale-like, soon falling (large in Pereskia) ; stipules wanting. (Page 271.) Fam. 84. Thymelseaeese. Fls. 2-sexual or unisexual, in racemes, spikes, or heads. Perianth-tube (receptacle] enclosing the superior ocary ; perianth-lobes 4 or 5, imbricate in bud. Stamen* as many or twice as many as the lobes, attached above the middle of the tube or at the throat, those opposite the lobes higher. Ovary 1(2)- cellecl. Fruit not opening. Trees or shrubs, with net-like inner bark. (Page 286.) Fam. 85. Lythraeese. Fls. iwjnlar in Cuphea, usu. solitary or cymose, rarely paniculate. Calyx usu. tubular or bell-shaped i<:ith 6-4 valvate primary teeth or lobes, sometimes with as many accessor ij teeth or lobes. Petals as many as the primary teeth of calyx, sometimes wanting, clawed, imbricate. Stamens varying in number, 2 smaller in Cuphea. Ovary 2-6-celled, sometimes becoming 1-cellecl. Ovules indefinite ; placentas on axis. Capsule more or less enclosed by the persistent calyx-tube, with 2 or more cells or 1-cellecl, with many seeds. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves usu. decussate ; stipules minute or wanting. (Page 290.) Fam. 86. Lecythidaeese (Grias). Fls. in clusters on trunk and branrhes. Calyx cup-like, at length bursting into 2-4 persistent lobes. Petals 4-6, imbricate, springing from a ring-like disk round the top of the ovary. Stamens numerous, in several whorls, on the disk above the pet ah. Ovary inferior. Trees. Stipules wanting. (Page 297.) Fam. 87. Rhizophoraeese. Fls. axillary in 2- or 3 -forked cymes, or in clusters, or solitary. Calyx 4-5-lobed, valvate, per- sistent. Petals as many as the sepals, inserted at the base of a disk, embracing stamens in Rhizophora, fringed above in Cassipourea. Stamens inserted on the disk. Ovary superior or more or less inferior, 2-4-celled. Ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous from the axis. Fruit leathery, 1— 5-celled. with one seed in each cell. \j J Trees or shrubs, glabrous. 'Leaves opposite, stipulate. (Page 299.) Fam. 88. Combretaeese. Fls. 2-sexual, sometimes polygamo- dicecious or unisexual, in spikes, racemes, or heads, rarely panicu- late. Calyx with 5 or 4 valvate lobes. Petals wanting, or 4—5, small. Stamens as man)/ or tu-ice as many as the calyx-lobes, u*u. inserted on the calyx-tube (receptacle}. Ovary inferior, l-c< lied. XX11 FLORA OF .lAMAH'A Ovules 2-3(-6}i hanging from ,• u-'tnjtil. 1 <•y calyx-tube, capsular or berry-like, bursting irregularly or opening loculicidally. Seeds without endosperm, usu. minute. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves oppo- site, u:ith 3-9 Tierces cur ring from liase to apex with parallel transverse veins at right angles ; stipules wanting. (Page 353.) Fam. 91. Onagraeese. Calyx : tube prolonged above the ovary, often with deeply cleft valvate lobes. Petals usu. 2-4, twisted in bud. Stamens usu. twice as many as petals; anthers opening towards the centre. Ovary inferior, usu. 4-celled ; ovules usu. numerous in the cells. Fruit a capsule or berry. Herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate : stipules very small or wanting. (Page 403.) Fam. 92. Araliacese. Fls. 2-sexual, or polygamous, or rarely dioecious. Calyx inconspicuous, superior. Petals usu. 5 (3 or more), usu. valvate u-ith apex thick, bent in. Stamens as many as petals. Ovary inferior, with one or more cells. Styles as many as ovary-cells ; ovules solitary in cell. Fruit fleshy outside, with one or more distinct pyrenes, sometimes berry-like. Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple or compound, usu. stipulate. (Page 413.) Fam. 93. Umbelliferse. Fls. regular or subirregular, 2-sexual, umbellate. Sepals free, superior. Petals 5, equal or the outer larger. Stamens 5. Ovary inferior 2-celled. Disk on ovary, CONSPECTUS OF FAMILIES XX111 distinct from petals and stamens, 2-lobed. Styles 2. Ovules one in each cell, pendulous. Fruit inferior, dry, disk and styles usu. persistent, ivith ribs alternating with essential oil canals, separating septicidally into 2 one-seeded parts. Seeds adherent to the pericarp. Herbs. Leaves compound or simple. (Page 423.) Fam. SA. Garryaeese (Garrya). Fh. without petals, unisexual, dioecious, in spikes, within decussate united bracts. Male fls. stalked. Calyx with 4 valvate segments. Stamens 4, alternate to calyx-segments. Female fls. sessile or subsessile, without calyx. Ovary 1 -celled, superior ; ovules 2 ; styles 2, persistent. Berry ovoid. Seeds 1 or 2. Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, without stipules. (Page 429.) KEY TO FAMILIES The figures before the names refer to the number of the family, those after the names to the page.] A. Perianth wanting or of a single series — the calyx. Flowers unisexual.* Leaves simple or unifoliolate. Leaves opposite. Flowers in racemes 52. Buxacec? 1 Flowers in spikes within decussate united bracts SA. Garryaccce 429 Leaves alternate. Sepals free. Leaves unequal-sided 81. Bcfjoniacece 249 Leaves equal-sided. Flowrers racemose or paniculate 60. Sapindacecc 40 Flowers in clusters 76. Flacourtiacec? 211 Sepals continuous with calyx-tube. Flowers in loose heads or spikes. Sepals imbricate (overlapping) 84. ThymelceacecB 286 Flowers in dense heads or spikes. Sepals valvate 88. Combretacece 303 Flowers 2-sexual. Leaves simple. Leaves opposite. Ovary 2-celled. Sepals 5 61. Eliamnacccc 62 Ovary 4-celled. Sepals 4 91. Onagracece 403 Leaves alternate. Sepals valvate. Sepals free. Ovary 3-cornered. Fruit a 3-winged capsule 60. Sapindacece 40 Ovary not 3-cornered. Fruit a drupe 61. Rhamnacea 62 Fruit globose, dry 63. Tiliacece 80 Sepals united or continuous with calyx- tube. Stamens united 66. Sterculiacccc 154 Stamens free. Ovary superior. Fruit a drupe 61. Rliamnacece 62 Fruit a capsule. Flowers solitary 63. Tiliaccrt 80 Flowers in racemes or panicles... 76. Flacourtiacees 211 Ovary inferior 88. Combretacees 303 * Polygamous flowers are referred to both unisexual and 2-sexua flowers. KEY TO FAMILIES XXV Sepals imbricate. Sepals free. Ovary 3-cornered. Fruit a 3-winged capsule 80. Sapindacece, 40 Ovary rounded. Fruit a berry 76. Flacourtiacece 211 Sepals continuous with calyx-tube. Stamens free. Flowers with a corona 78. PassiftoracecB 231 Flowers without a corona. Ovules indefinite. Fruit with several seeds 76. Flacourtiacefs 211 Ovules solitary. Fruit one-seeded . 84. Thymelceacece 286 Stamens united 76. Flacourtiacece 211 B. Perianth of a double series — calyx and petals. Flowers unisexual. Leaves simple. Leaves opposite. Sepals united below. Sepals imbricate. Stamens 4-5. Ovary superior 56. Celastracecs, 24 Sepals valvate. Stamens 8-10. Ovary inferior 88. Gombretacece 303 Sepals free. Stipules wanting. Seeds not hairy 71. Guttiferce 190 Stipules 2, narrow. Seeds hairy 73. Quiinacea 203 Leaves alternate. Sepals imbricate. Leaves entire, crenate, or toothed. Ovary superior. Stamens definite. Inflorescence terminal 53. Anacardiacecs 4 Inflorescence axillary. Ovary superior. Petals united at base with stamens adhering 55. Aquifoliacecc 19 Petals and stamens free 56. Cclastracecs 24 Ovary inferior 82. Cucurbitacecz 253 Stamens indefinite 70. Ternstrcemiacece ..181 Leaves lobed or angled. Stamens 3 (5). Ovary inferior 82. Cucurbitacece 253 Sepals valvate, or minute, or wanting— the calyx being represented by a rim. Leaves entire, crenate, or toothed. Inflorescence axillary, a paniculate cyme 59. Icacinacece 39 Inflorescences axillary and terminal, racemose or spicate 61. Rhamnacece 62 Inflorescences opposite leaves 62. Vitaccai 73 Inflorescences axillary, umbels or heads 92. Araliacece 413 Leaves lobed. Inflorescences opposite leaves 62. Vitacece 73 Inflorescences axillary 79. Caricacece 243 V. C XXVI FLOKA OF JAMAICA Leaves compound. Leaves alternate. pals imbricate. Leaves pinnate with odd leaflet. Fruit drupaceous ................................. 53. Anacardiaccm ......... 4 Leaves biternate or 3-foliolate or pin- nate. Fruit usually capsular ....... 60. Sapindacecc, ......... 40 Sepals valvate, or minute, or wanting — the calyx being represented by a rim. Leaves with 3 leaflets ........................ 62. Yitacccc ............... 73 Leaves with 6 or more leaflets. Petals not cohering ........................ 79. Caricacctc .......... 243 Petals cohering .............................. 92. Araliacete .......... 413 Leaves subopposite .................................. 60. Sapindacece ......... 40 Flowers 2-sexual. Leaves simple. Leaves opposite. Sepals continuous with calyx-tube. Sepals imbricate. Stamens 3 .................................... Stamens 4 .................................... Stamens numerous ........................ Stamens twice as many as petals ...... Sepals valvate or minute. Stamens definite. Ovary superior. Leaves not decussate. Nerves of leaves pinnate ......... Nerves curved from base to apex Leaves decussate ..................... Ovary inferior or half-inferior. Trees or shrubs. Ovary wholly inferior ............ Ovary half inferior ............... Herbs ........ . .......................... Stamens indefinite. Leaves without glandular dots ...... Leaves with glandular dots .......... Sepals free. Sepals imbricate. Leaves without stipules. Seeds not hairy. Leaves leathery ........................... Leaves not leathery ..................... Leaves with stipules. Seeds hairy ... Sepals valvate .................................. Leaves alternate. 57. 56. 89. 90. Hippocrateacece 35 CelastracecB 24 MyrtacecB 313 MelastomacecB . ..353 61. 90. 85. 88. 87. 91. 87. 89. PJiamnacccs 62 MelastomacecB 353 Lythracece 290 CombretacecB 303 PJiizoplioracecB 299 Onagracece 403 RMzophoracecB . . . .299 Hyrtacece 313 71. 72. 73. 87. Guttifcrce 190 Hypericacea 202 QuiinacecB 203 Eli izoplwracece . . .299 Sepals more or less united or continuous with calyx-tube. Sepals imbricate. Flowers in terminal panicles 53. AnacardiacecB 4 Flowers in axillary spike-like racemes. Racemes in clusters 54. Racemes solitary 76. Flowers in axillary and terminal cymes 55. AqiiifoHacece 19 CyrillacecB ... FlacourtiacecB 18 ..211 KEY TO FAMILIES XXV11 Flowers solitary, axillary. Ovary superior. Flowers without corona 77. Turneracece 227 Flowers with corona 78. Passiflaracece 231 Ovary inferior 80. Loasacece 247 Sepals valvate, or minute, or wanting — the calyx being represented by a rim. Stamens definite. Stamens free. Inflorescence axillary. Stamens alternate with petals 59. Icacinacece 39 Stamens opposite to petals 61. Rliamnaccce 62 Inflorescence opposite to leaves... 62. Vitacece 73 Stamens united (sometimes only at base) 66. Sterculiacece 154 Stamens indefinite. Stamens free. Ovary superior 63. Tiliacecc, 80 Ox-ary inferior 86. Lecythidacecs 297 Stamens united. Pollen spiny 64. Malvacece 92 Pollen not spiny. Involucel present 65. Bombacacece 149 Involucel wanting 66. Sterculiacece 154 Sepals free. Sepals imbricate. Stamens definite. Flowers regular 68. Ochnacece 173 Flowers irregular [Violacece] 210 Stamens indefinite. Stamens free. Petals free. Pedicels not glandular. Ovary superior 67. DilleniacecB 171 Ovary inferior 83. Gactacece 271 Pedicels 5-glandular below calyx 74. Bixacece 205 Petals united to form a lid 69. Marcgraviacece ...178 Stamens united at base, free from petals 69. Marcgraviacece ...178 Stamens, outer united at base, ad- hering to petals 70. Ternstrcemiacece ..181 Stamens : filaments united into a tube 75. Canellacece 207 Sepals valvate. Petals hooded 61. Bhamnacece 62 Petals not hooded 63. Tiliacecc 80 Leaves compound. Leaves opposite. Stamens 5 58. Stapliyleacca; 37 Stamens 8..,, 60, Sapindacece 40 XXV111 FLORA OF JAMAICA Leaves alternate. Inflorescence not umbellate nor in heads. Inflorescence axillary or terminal. Leaves pinnate with an odd leaflet. Fruit fleshy 53. Anacardiacea 4 Fruit a capsule CO. Sapindacea 40 Leaves abruptly pinnate, or 3-foliolate 60. Sapindacece 40 Leaves digitate G5. Bvmbacacece 149 Inflorescence opposite the leaves 62. Vitacece. 73 Inflorescence umbellate. Ovary 3-5-celled. Fruit fleshy outside 92. Araliacece 413 Ovary 2-celled. Fruit dry, breaking up into 2 parts 93. Umbelliferce 423 Inflorescence in dense heads 93. Umbelliferce 423 Leaves wanting, or minute and soon falling 83. Cactacece 271 DICOTYLEDONS FAMILY LIT. BUXACE^. TREES, shrubs, or rarely herbs. Leaves opposite (in Bitxus) or alternate, usually entire, leathery, without stipules. Racemes or spikes axillary or sometimes above the axils, lax or dense. Flowers unisexual, monoecious, rarely dioecious, without petals,, solitary in the axils of the bracts, terminal often female, the rest male. Perianth of 4-6 imbricate sepals or wanting. Male- flowers : Stamens free, opposite to the sepals or indefinite. Rudi- ment of ovary present or absent. Female flowers : Ovary 3-(2)-celled ; styles undivided; ovules 2 in each cell (rarely 1), pendulous, with dorsal raphe. Fruit a capsule loculicidallv dehiscent, or more or less drupaceous, usually crowned by 2 or 3 persistent styles. Seeds : Endosperm more or less fleshy,, or very rarely small or wanting. Species nearly 60, found all over the world except in. Australasia. BUXUS L. Shrubs or small trees, much branched, glabrous. Leaves; opposite, subsessile, usually net-veined with the arch of the veins forming a continuous marginal nerve. Flowers monoecious. Bracts often numerous, similar to the perianth-segments but smaller, several often without flowers. Male flowers usually stalked in New World species. Sepals 4, in two series. Stamens 4, opposite the sepals. Rudiment of ovary truncate or obtusely 3-4-lobed. Female flowers sessile. Sepals 6, in two series, the outer smaller. Ovary 3 -celled ; styles, in Jamaican species, distant from one another, furrowed on the stigmatic portion, which does not reach to the base, slightly bent outwards. Cap- sule 3-horned with the persistent styles, dehiscing loculicidally, the undivided valves 2-horned with the split styles. Seeds- v. B FLORA OF JAMAICA Bnxus oblong, 3-cornered, with a small strophiole ; endosperm somewhat fleshy ; cotyledons oblong, scarcely broader than the radicle. Species about 44, of which 6 are natives of temperate and mountainous regions of the northern hemisphere of the Old World, 3 or 4 from tropical Africa, one each from Madagascar and South Africa, the rest West Indian. Leaves less than 10 cm. 1. Leaves elliptical to narrowly elliptical, usually taper- ing to both ends, often subacuminate, 4-8'5 cm. 1. Filaments broad 1. B.lcevigata. Leaves usually broadest above the middle, generally mucronate, l'5-5 cm. 1. Filaments linear. Venation faintly seen on upper surface only 2. B. bahamensis. Venation evident on both sides 3. B. Vahlii. Leaves more than 15 cm. 1 4. B. macropliylla. 1. B. Isevigata Sprencj. Syst. Hi. 847 (1826); leaves 4-8-5 cm. 1., narrowly elliptical, oblong-elliptical, or elliptical, tapering to both ends, often subacuminate ; male sepals 2-3 mm. 1., lanceolate to Fig. 1. — Buxus Icevigata Spreng. A, Portion of flowering branch x |. D, Female flower x 7. B, Inflorescence X 2. E, Fruit X 1$. C, Male flower X 7. oblong ; filaments flat, broad. — Baill. Monogr. Bux. 66 ; MuelL Arg. in DC. Prodr. xvi pt. 1, 16. B. Purdiana Baill. op. cit. 70 (1859); Muett. Arg. torn, cit, 15; Urb. Symb. Ant. v. 401. B. pulchella Baill . op. cit. 68 (1859). Crantzia Isevigata Sw. Prodr. 38 (1788). Tricera kevigata Sw. Fl Ind. Occ. 333, t. 7 Buxus BUXACE.E (1797) ; Juss. Eupliorb. Tent, t . 1, 3 B : Grisel. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 31. T. fasciculata Griseb. loc. cit. (Fig. 1.) Specimen from Swartz named by himself in Herb. Mus. Brit. Purdie's specimen in Herb. Kew., named by Grisebach T. fasciculata. In fl. Mar.-Dec. ; in fr. Oct.-Dec. ; Mts. of the west, Swartz \ Wright ! on the coffee ridge, St. Ann, Purdie ! Battersea woods, near Christiana. 3000 ft. ; Holly Mount, Mt. Diablo, 2500 ft. ; Tyre, near Troy, 2000 ft. ; Harris ! John Crow (Blake) Mts., Harris & Britton \ Fl. Jam. 8265, 8964, 9492, 10,755. Shrub 3-10 ft. high. Leaves, venation slightly prominent on both sides, but not so evident beneath, papery. Racemes subsessile or peduncled. Bracts 1 mm. 1., ovate, acute, at base of peduncle or a little above, with sterile bracts below the peduncle. Flowers whitish or greenish-yellow. Male floivers : Pedicels 2-4 rsm. 1. Bracteoles 2-3 mm. 1. Sepals 2-3 mm. 1., lanceolate to oblong. Stamens longer than the sepals ; filaments flat, broad, 2-2' 5 mm. 1., to 1 mm. br. ; anthers about 1*5 mm. 1. Rudiment of ovary very small or wanting. Female floivers : Sepals like those of male. Styles with stigmas longer than ovary, even to twice as long. Capsule about 5 mm. 1., about as long or a little longer than capsule. The wood is very hard, yellow. 2. B. bahamensis Baker in Hook. Ic. PL t. 1806 (1889) ; leaves l'5-3 cm. 1., oblanceolate to narrowly elliptical, apex usually acute, sometimes obtuse, mucronulate ; veins faintly seen on upper surface only; filaments much narrower than the anther. - Tricera bahamensis Britton in Bull. N.T. Bot. Gard. iv. 139 (1906) and in Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xlii. 501 ; Britt. & Milhp. Bali. Fl. 243. In fl. July ; Long Mt., south side, 300 ft., Harris \ Fl. Jam. 9607.- Bahamas, Cuba. Shrub or small tree, 4-15 ft. high. Leaves rigid, leathery. Bracteoles 1-2 mm. 1., ovate with an acute brownish apex. Floiccrs greenish-white. Hale flowers : Pedicels 2-3 mm. 1. Sepals 1-5-2 mm. 1. Stamens longer than the sepals. Female flowers sessile. Sepals 1*2 mm. 1., oblong-ovate. Styles about as long as the ovary. Capsule 5 HIEG. 1. 3. B. Vahlii Baill. Monoyr. Bux. 67 (1859) (excl. syn. leaves 2—5 cm. 1., obovate or oblanceolate, apex rounded to somewhat obtuse, mucronulate ; venation net -veined 011 both sides ; filaments much narrower than the anther. — MuelL Ar. Ovules solitary in the cells, pendulous or broadly attached to the parti- tion of the cell or pendulous from a stalk which rises from the base of the cell. Fruit superior, free or surrounded either by the base of the calyx or disk, sometimes at the top of a fleshy body formed out of the base of the calyx and the top of the flower-stalk, 1-5-celled, usually drupaceous, indehiscent or the stone of Mangtfera dehiscent. Seeds : endosperm, wanting or scanty ; cotyledons flat-convex, fleshy. Species 500, natives of the tropics and subtropics, rare in temperate regions. Ovary 1-celled. Leaves simple. Nut at the top of a fruit-like body 1. Anacardium. [Fruit a drupe Mangifera.'] Leaves pinnate. Parts of flowers usually in fives. Calyx 5-cleft 2. Rhus. Calyx of free sepals 3. Mosquitoxylum. Parts of flowers usually in threes 4. Comocladia. Ovary 3-5-celled. Leaves pinnate 5. Spondias. \. ANACARDIUM Rottb. Shrubs or trees. Leaves simple, entire. Panicles terminal. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-parted, deciduous, imbricate. Anacardium AXACABDIACE.E 5 Petals 5, linear, recurved, imbricate. Stamens 8-10, unequal, all, or a few, fertile ; filaments united more or less into a tube, but only at the base in A. oeeidentale. Ovary free ; style thread- like, lateral, with the apical point stigmatic ; ovule lateral, ascending. ISTut kidney-shaped, at the top of a very large pear- shaped fleshy fruit-like body, composed of the enlarged receptacle and stalk, indehiscent, the shell with a middle layer of numerous cavities containing an acrid oil. Seed kidney-shaped, ascending ; cotyledons curved, flat-convex. Species 8, natives of tropical America, chiefly of Brazil. A. oeeidentale L. Sp. PI 383 (1753) ; Jacq. Sel. Stirp. Amer. 124, t. 181, /. 35 & Ed. pict, t, 121 ; Wright Mem. 186 ; Descourt. Fl Ant. vii. 233, /. 507; Macf. Jam. 219; Griseb. Fl Br. W. Fig. 2. — Anacardium oeeidentale L. A, Leaf and portion of infloresence X %. D, Pistil cut lengthwise X 3. B, Hermaphrodite flower, calyx opened E, Nut on the top of the enlarged recep- and 4 petals removed x 2. tacle and stalk cut lengthwise X § ; C, Male flower with 1 sepal and 2 petals p, ptricarp with layer of oil-contain- lemoved' x 2. ing cavities ; c, cotyledon ; r, radicle. (E after Engler.) Ind. 176 ; Baill. Hist. v. 274, 275, /. 321-324 ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. ii. 20 ; Engl. in Fl. Bras. xii. pt. 2, 409 & in DC. Monogr. iv. 219, t. 4 ; Cook & Coll. in Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. viii. 75; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 359. Anacardi sp. Rheede Hort. Mai. in. t. 54. Cassuvium Humph. Amboin. i. 177, t. 69. Pom if era seu potiusitc. Sloane Cat. 187 &, Hist. ii. 136. Anacardium L. Fl. Zeyl. 73. in Herb. Linn, named by Liniuous. Cashew Tree. In fl. after the rains in summer; Sloanc Herb. vii. 7G ! 3[cNab ! Hitch- cock ; Jlarrixl Fl. Jam. 7633, 8511, 11,899. — Indigenous and cultivated in tropical America (incl. W. Indies), cultivated in tropics of Old World. Tree to 40 ft. high, precocious to an extraordinary degree, as it has been known to blossom and bear fruit in one year from the time of sowing. Leaves 1-1*5 dm. 1., obovate-elliptical, apex rounded or emarginate, base wedge-shaped or rounded, glabrous; petiole 1-1-5 cm. 1. Panicles longer than the leaves, 1*5-2 -5 dm. 1. Flowers crowded towards the ends of the panicle-branches, pink or yellow with pink stripes, fragrant. Calyx 4-5 mm. 1. Petals 7-13 mm. 1. Filaments : one much longer than the rest, 8-11 mm. 1., the rest 2-3 mm. 1. ; anthers (all with pollen) of long filament about 1 mm. 1., the rest barely -5 mm. 1. Ovary in male flower rudimentary, in female flower nearly 2 mm. long; style awl-sbaped, 4-8 mm. 1. Fruit-like body, "cashew-apple," crimson, yellow, or white, 6-10 cm. 1. Nut 2 to nearly 3- 5 cm. 1. Seed 1-5 to nearly 3 cm. 1. The '• apple " is but little developed until the nut is of full size, then it com- pletes its growth in a few days. The milky juice of the tree is used as an indelible marking-ink. The gum exuding from old trees is transparent, and not inferior to gum arabic ; it is used by bookbinders, as it is obnoxious to insects. A decoction of the bark is used as an astringent remedy for diarrhoea. The timber is close- grained, strong, and durable ; a cub. ft. weighs 30 to 40 Ibs. ; it is used for boat-building, yokes, hubs, charcoal, &c. The cashew apple is edible, tasting agreeably rough, sweet, and juicy, and forms an excellent preserve. "It is considered wholesome, and to be of service in cases where the tone of the stomach is impaired, and especially in the disease known by the name of dirt-eating" (Macfadyen). "SVine can be made, and a spirit distilled, from it. The kernels of the roasted nuts are considered equal to almonds ; they yield a light yellow oil equal to almond oil. The oil (cardole) in the shell of the nut is thick, black, and very acrid, efficacious for preserving bindings of books, carved wood, &c., from white ants. See Barham, Hortus Americanus ; Watt, Diet. Econ. Products of India. [MANGIFERA L. Trees. Leaves alternate, simple, entire. Panicles terminal. Flowers polygamo-dicecious. Calyx 4-5-cleft, imbricate. Petals 4-5, imbricate. Disk : 5 fleshy lobes, alternate with the petals. Stamens 1 or 4-5, inserted within or on the disk, 1, rarely more, fertile and much larger than the others. Ovary free, 1 -celled ; style lateral ; ovule above the base of the cell, ascending. Drupe ellipsoidal or somewhat kidney-shaped, fleshy ; endocarp more or less fibrous outside. Seed compressed ; cotyledons often lobed. Species about 27, natives of tropical Asia. M. indiea L. Sp. PL 200 (1753;; Jacq. Ic. PI Ear. t. 337; Tussac Fl. Ant. ii. 57, t. 15 ; Descourt. Fl. Ant. i. 121, t. 25; Macf. Jam. i. 221 ; Bot. Nan. t. 4510; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 176'; HooJc.f. Fl. Brit. Ind. ii. 13; Enrjl in DC. llonogr. Plian. Mangifera ANACARDIACE^E 7 iv. 198, t. 4; Watt, Diet. Econ. Prod. Ind. & Com. Prod. Ind. ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 358. M. domestica Gaertn. Fruct. ii. 95, t. 100 (1791). (Fig. 3.) Type in Herb. Linn. Mango. In fl. Jan., Feb. ; in fr. from end of May to middle of Aug. ; native in India ; cultivated and spontaneous in the tropics. Tree 30-40 ft. high. Leaves l-2(-4) dm. 1. ; 5-8 cm. br. ; oblong, tp.pering at both ends, or lanceolate-elliptical. Panicles l'5-2(-3) dm. 1. ; branches and flowers puberulous. Flowers yellow, very fragrant in the early morning, male and hermaphrodite on the same panicle. Sepals Fig. 3.— Mangifera indica L. A, Small leaf and portion of inflorescence C, Fruit cut lengthwise X J ; e, endocarp ; X f . /, fimicle ; c, cotyledon ; r, radicle. B, Hermaphrodite flower x 5; d, disk. about 2-5 mm. 1. Petals longer than the sepals, 5, with 3-5 ridges. Stamens : fertile stamen 3-5 mm. L, sterile stamens 4, about 1 mm. 1. Drupe '5-1-5 dm. 1. The Mango is not mentioned by Sloane, Browne, or Swartz, as it was only introduced into Jamaica in 1782. Capt. Marshall of H.M. frigate " Flora," one of Kodney's squadron, captured a French frigate bound from Mauritius to the French West Indies, with a consignment of plants and seeds of economic value for naturalization. The plants were transferred from the "Flora" to the botanical garden of Mr. Hinton East. The Mango, of an excellent variety, had the number 11 attached to it. Hence the progeny of this Mango, with fruit of the quality of the parent, is known as the No. 11 Mango. The Mango has spread abundantly in Jamaica from sea-level up to 3000 or 4000 ft. To a stranger ignorant of FLORA OF .JAMAICA r« its history it would seem to form an important and prominent part of the indigenous flora. The fruit has varied much, and the different kinds have received local names. The No. 11 Mango was the finest in quality until the Bombay Mango and other kinds were introduced of late years. The wild trees are being grafted with the best kinds. See Bull. Bot. Dcpt. Jam. n.s. viii. 161 (1901); Bull. Dcpt. Agric. i. 253, 2G2 (1903).] 2. RHUS L. Trees or shrubs. Leaves pinnate with an odd leaflet (in Jamaican species), 1-3-foliolate, or simple. Panicles axillary or Fig. 4. — Rhus Metopium L. A, Panicle of male Howers with leaf x i- C, Female flower ditto X 4. B, Male flower cut lengthwise X 4. D, Drupe ditto x _. (After Sargent.) terminal. Flowers small, polygamous. Calyx 5-(4-6)-cleft, per- sistent ; usually imbricate. Petals 5 (4—6), imbricate. Disk ring- like. Stamens 5 (4-6 or 10), inserted at the base of the disk, free ; anthers without pollen in the female flower. Ovary sub- globose ; styles 3, united or free, short or long, stigmas simple or capitate — in West Indian species the styles are united into one very short style crowned by a 3-lobed stigma ; ovule hanging at end of a long stalk arising from the base of the ovary. Drupe small, the outer covering is resinous enclosing a stone. Rhus AXACAEDIACE.E 9 Species about 120, of which a few are tropical, the rest natives of the warmer parts of regions outside the tropics. R. Metopium L. Sijst. e. Stjnib. Ant. v. -402 (1908). (Fig. 4.) Type in Herb. Linn. Jamaica Sumach, Burn Wood. Sloane Herb. vi. 106 ! Browne ! Wright ! Broughton ! Macfadyen \ near Savanna la Mar, Purdic ! March ! Prior \ Liguanea plain, Campbell ! Watson's Hill, Manchester, 800 ft. ; Long Mt., 300 ft. ; Great Goat Is. ; Lititz Savanna, 3CO-900 ft. ; Harris ! FL Jam. 5753, 6195, 6416, 9224, 9317, 11,766; Pigeon Is., Maxon & Killip\ — Cuba, Hispaniola, Yucatan. Tree 15-25 ft, high. Leaves at the end of the branches, 2-paired with an odd leaflet ; leaflets roundish, sometimes somewhat obovate, rarely ovate, apex rounded or shortly and abruptly acuminate with obtuse acumen, sometimes emarginate, base roundish or somewhat wedge-shaped, often unequal, papery to leathery, 4-9 cm. 1. Panicles about as long as the leaves or a little longer. Calyx I1 2-1 -5 mm. L, cup-shaped ; lobes semicircular, not imbricate in flowering. Petals nearly 4 mm. L, elliptical, pale yellow. Drupe ellipsoidal, scarlet, about 1 5 cm. 1. Sloan e gives the name Doctor Tree or Boar Tr e to this tree, and Browne calls it Hog Gum Tree, but Macfadyen (Jam. i. 139) shows that these names belong to Symphonia globulifera Linn. f. (Moronobea coccinea). 3. MOSQUITOXYLUM Kr. & Urb. Tree. Leaves pinnate with an odd leaflet ; leaflets entire. Flowers small, sessile, spicate on branches of lateral panicles, dioecious, regular, parts in fives, each with a bract and two brac- teoles. Sepals 5, free, imbricate, persistent. Petals 5, equal, imbricate. Stamens 5, inserted on the margin of a fleshy disk, very small and sterile in female flower; filaments awl shaped ; anthers attached at the back, opening towards the centre. Ovule attached laterally above the base of the cell, suspended from a stalk-like appendage ; micropyle sublateral. Style central, short, 3-cleft at the apex, lobes bearing stigmas on the outside. Capsule shortly obliquely oval, compressed, exocarp, thin, not resinous, endocarp thin, bony, opening a little. Seed not seen. Species 1, native of Jamaica and Panama. M. jamaicense Kr. <0 Urb. in NotizU. BerL Bot. fjunl. i. 7* (1*95) & Symb. Ant. i. 344. (Fig. 5.) Mosquito Wood. In fl. Feb.; in fr. Aug.-Feb. ; Hanover, J.P. 1287, Morris I Chilton, Westmoreland, Mcnnell\ Ipswich, Palachel Lapland, near Catadupa, 10 FL01IA or JAMAICA Mosquitoxylum 1750-2000 ft.; near Darliston, 1500 ft.; Jf.trrisl Fl. Jam. 0173, 1)185, 9828.— Panama. Tree 30-50 ft. high, with a straight smooth trunk. Leaves 1-5-2 dm. 1., 5-8-paired ; petiole 3-4 cm. 1. ; leaflets in s pairs, 5-13 cm. 1., oblong- elliptical, broadest above the middle, apex obtuse or very shortly and obtusely acuminate, base very unequal-sided, tapering into the short Fig. 5. — Mosquitoxylum jamaiccnse Kr. & Urb. A, Leaf and inflorescence x \. C, Fruit with part of exocarp cut away to B, Portion of inflorescence with flower- show the endocarp x 2. buds x 3. petiolule. Bracts at base of branches of panicle, 1-5-2 mm. 1., triangular ; floral bracts and bracteoles similar, smaller. Flowers white. Sepals roundish-triangular, outer 1-5 mm. 1., 1-2 mm. br., inner smaller. Capsules scarlet, 7-8 mm. 1. Timber good for building purposes, but not so good for posts in the ground. 4. COMOCLADIA L. Trees, small ; trunk slender, usually not branching ; with glutinous sap which turns blackish, and makes an indelible stain. Leaves crowded at top of trunk, alternate, pinnate with an odd leaflet ; leaflets more or less opposite, entire or toothed, reduced Comocladia ANACARDIACE^E 1 1 in size towards base of leaf. Panicles axillary, usually shorter than the leaves. Flowers minute, crowded, polygamous, sessile or subsessile ; parts of flowers (in Jamaican species) in threes, rarely in fours. Calyx 3-cleft, coloured a lighter tint than the petals, persistent, imbricate. Petals imbricate, red. Disk with three broad lobes. Stamens inserted at the notches of the disk, free. Ovary free, 1-celled, with 3 stigmas; ovule at the end of a long stalk springing from the base. Drupe oblong-ellipsoidal, fleshy. Seed oblong ; cotyledons fleshy, plano-convex. Maiden Plum. Species 20, of which two are natives of Mexico, the rest natives of the West Indies, seven being found only in Jamaica, one in Jamaica and Hispaniola. Leaflets entire, not undulate, nor toothed. Plants glabrous, or more or less hairy. Leaflets in 6-9 pairs, upper usually more than 5 cm. 1. Leaves to 6 or 7 dm. 1., glabrous or pubescent. Leaflets with truncate or rounded base 1. C. pinnatifolia. Leaflets with cordate or subtruncate base ... 2. C. xnlosa. Leaves to 3 dm. 1., glabrous. Leaflets with cordate base 3. C. cordata. Leaflets in 3-5 pairs, upper usually less than 5 cm. 1 4. C. parvifoliola. Panicle, twigs, and leaves brown-velvety 5. C. velutina. Leaflets toothed or undulate. Leaflets with large coarse teeth. Leaflets in 8-10 pairs, apex acute to shortly acuminate 6. C. Hollickii. Leaflets in about 14 pairs, apex ending in a long slender acumen 7. C. grandidentata. Leaflets with small shallow teeth. Leaflets in 10-11 pairs, base subequal 8. C. jamaicensis. Leaflets in 6-8 pairs, base unequal 9. C. troyensis. § 1. Leaflets entire, not undulate, nor toothed. 1. C. pinnatifolia L. Syst. ed. 10, 861 (1759) & Amcen. v. 375 ; glabrous, or panicles minutely puberulous, and twigs, petiole, and rhachis of leaves, also midrib and nerves, more or less covered with brownish hairs, or glabrescent ; leaves 2-6 dm. 1. ; leaflets in 6-11 pairs, largest 5*5-13(-17) cm. 1., 2'5-5(-7) cm. br., base truncate, rounded, or subcordate, equal or sometimes slightly unequal. — Britton in Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xxxvii. 345 & xli. 9. C. caudice &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 124. C. integrifolia Jacq. Enum. PL Carib. 12 (1760) «fc Sel Stirp. Amer. 12; L. Sp. PL ed. 2, 49; Lam. Encyc. ii. 69 •/. //. l.'U, <. 222, /. 1 racemosa caudice &c. Sloane Cat. . Fig. 6.) In fl. Nov. to April; near St. Jago de la Vega, Sloane Herb. vii. 71 ! Holnnsl S)iuli*2>t'. Sl<>ane ixxxii. ;;; : Hog Plum. In fl. May (Mar. -June) ; in fr. July; Sloanc Herb. vii. 05 ! Ilonslonn \ WntjJit] ; t. 144; EngL in DC. Monogr. iv. 246; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 360; Hart in Gard. Chron. n.s. xiii. 682 (1880). S. macrocarpa Em/l. in FL Bras, xii.pt. 2, 375, t. 78 (1876). Otaheite Plum. Moneague, Prior 1 — Cultivated in the West Indies and tropics generally. Native in Oceania. Tree 15-20 ft. Leaves 2-3 dm. 1. Calyx : segments ovate. Petals v. c IS FLORA 01- JAM AK A 2-2-5 mm. 1. Drnpr to 10 cm. 1., 5 cm. in diam., of a light yellowish- green colour. The llowers appear just before the young foliage begins to shoot in March or April. The fruit ripens in October and November; it h; subac-id llavour and a fine aroma. FAMILY LIY. CYRILLACE^ Lindl. Trees or shrubs. Leaves leathery, entire, persistent, without stipules. Flowers small, in spike-like axillary racemes (in ( '///v7/a), regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-parted (4—8), imbricate, persistent. Petals, the same number as the sepals, free, slightly convolute. Stamens 5 (in Cyrilla), hypogynous. Disk saucer- shaped, confluent with the base of the ovary. Ovary 2(-3)- celled (in Cyrilla). Ovules solitary in the cells, or (in Oyrilla) 3 (2-4) attached to a short placenta hanging from the apex of the cell. Fruit (in Cyrilla) small, 2-cellecl, pericarp spongy, cells 1 -seeded. Seed with fleshy endosperm. Embryo central, elongated ; radicle superior. Species 5, natives of the West Indies, subtropical United States, and tropical S. America. CYRILLA L. Glabrous plants. Leaves oblanceolate to oval. Racemes clustered at the end of twigs of the preceding season. Petals white. Disk green. Ovary ovoid ; style short, thick 2(-3)-lobed. Species 1, native of West Indies, subtropical United States, and tropical S. America. C. raeemiflora L. Mant. i. 50 (1767); Jacq. Ic. PL Ear. f. 47 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2456 ; Sarg. Silva ii. 3, t. 51 ; Britton HI. FI.ii.3S9; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 361. C. antillana Miclix. FL Bor.-Amer. i. 158 (1803); Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 145. Itea Cyrilla Sw. Prodr. 50 (1788), Obs. Bot. 94, t. 4, /. 1 & FL Ind. Occ. 506. (Fig. 8.) Specimens in Herb. Linn, named by Linnaeus. Blood Wood, Beet Wood. In fl. Mar. -July; in fr. Aug. -Feb. ; Wright ! Broughtonl Massonl Swartz\ Bancroft^. Macfadyenl Port Koyal Mts., Purdiel J.P. 890, Morris ! Prospect Hill, 1500 ft., Thompson ! St. George, 2200 ft. ; near Troy, 2500 ft.; near Cinchona, 4500 ft.; Harris] Fl. Jam. 7671, 7947, 8725, 9117. — West Indies, Venezuela, Honduras, Guiana, northern Brazil, southern United States. Shrub or tree to 80 ft. high. Leaves 2-12 cm. 1., very variable in size and form. Racemes longer than the leaves, to 15 cm. 1. Pedicels 2-3 mm. L Calyx about 1 mm. 1. Petals about 2*5 mm. 1. Fruit 2 -5-3 mm. 1. The wood is hard, heavy, and close-grained, but it is said to be wanting in strength (Sargent). Cyrilla AXACAKDIACE.E 19 B Fig. 8. — Cyrilla racemijlora L. A, Twig with leaves and flowers X 3. D, Apex of ripening ovary x 9. B, Diagram of flower. E, Fruit cut lengthwise x 9. €, Flower with a petal pressed down X 5. (A, B after Sargent.) FAMILY LV. AQUIFOLIACE^E (ILICLNEJE). Trees or shrubs, glabrous. Leaves alternate, simple, leathery ; stipules minute, often deciduous. Inflorescence axillary and terminal, cymose. Flowers small, white, regular, hermaphrodite or polygamo-dicecious. Calyx 3-6-cleft, imbricate, generally persistent. Petals 4-5, free or united at the base, hypogynous, deciduous, imbricate. Stamens hypogynous, as many as the petals, adhering to the base of the short corolla-tube. Ovary free, with 3—5 cells, or more. Style wanting or terminal. Ovules 1, or 2 side by side in the cells, pendulous from the top of the cell. Fruit drupaceous, slightly fleshy, with 3-18 pyrenes ; pyrenes 1 -seeded. Seed pendulous, with copious fleshy endosperm. Embryo very .small, straight, in the apex of the endosperm. Species about 285, natives mostly of the tropics of America and Asia ; several in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. c -2 I'll FI.oKA OF JAMAICA Ilex ILEX L. Leaves generally entire. Flower parts in fours, fives, or sixes. < '"folia rotate. Ovary 4-6(-7)-celled (in Jamaican species); style wanting, or short and thick ; stigmas as many as cells of the ovary. l>rupe globose, 4-8-pyrened. Species about 275, mostly natives of warmer regions of S. America and Asia, fewer in the West Indies and in the temperate zone of eastern N. America and eastern Asia, some in Central America, very few in Australia and Oceania, and in -t-urope, Africa, and California. Inflorescences solitary. Leaves more than 3 cm. 1. Leaves with a few small teeth, acute or acuminate... 1. I. montana. Leaves entire, obtuse 2. I. subtriflora. Leaves less than 3 cm. 1 3. I. obcordata. Inflorescences clustered. Leaves more than 3'5 cm. 1. Leaves obovate-elliptical or elliptical. Apex obtuse to rounded 4. I. occidentalis. Apex shortly acuminate or subacute 5. I. Harrisii. Leaves elliptical, oblong-elliptical, or ovate. Leaves membranous. Female infl. 1-3-flowered (Male infl. not seen)... 2. J. subtriflora. Leaves papery to leathery. Male infl. corymbose 6. I. rMida. Male infl. 1-flowered 7. I. uni flora. • Leaves roundish-elliptical, rounded at both ends, leathery. Female infl. 3-many-flowered 8. I.florifera. Leaves less than 3*5 cm. 1 ,. 9. J. vaccinoides. 1. I. montana Griseb. in Mem. Acad. Amer. Sc. tfc Art., n.s. viii. 171 (1860) (in part), & Fl. Br. W. Ind. 147 (excl. syn. I. cassine, I. minutiflora, Prinos sideroxyloides) ; leaves 3*5-10 cm. I., broadly to narrowly elliptical to lanceolate, more or less acuminate or acute, with a few small teeth towards the apex, rarely subentire, papery to somewhat leathery ; inflorescence solitary. — Loes. in Einjl. Sot. Jalirb. xv. 313 & in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. Ixxviii. 118. Prinos montanus Sw. Prodr. 58 (1 788) & FL Ind. Occ. 622 ; Macf. Jam. i. 205. P. lanceolatus Macf. Jam. i. 206 (1837). P. Macfadyenii Walp. Piep. i 541 (1842). Specimen from Swartz in Herb. Mus. Brit. Winter Berry. Higbest mountains, Swartz \ Bancroft \ Macfadijen ! Portland Gap ; Port Royal Mts. ; Pur die ! hills, St. Andrew, Prior \ Jenman ! Cinchona, Clutel Cinchona, J.P. 664, Hart ! also Fawcettl Blue Mt. Peak, Hitch- cock ; Blue Mts. (everywhere inch Port Royal Mts. and Peak) Harris I Fl. Jam. 5350, 5428, 5542, 5632, 5641. 5642, 5645, 5669, 5670, 5813, 5872, 5877, 5893, 5968, 8151, 8297, 9115.— Cuba, Hispaniola, lesser Antilles. Shrub or tree, 10 30ft. high. Leaves dark green, shining; midrib flat Hex AQUIFOLIACE^E 21 or slightly prominent or slightly impressed on upper surface, somewhat prominent beneath, nerves and veins more or less evident on both sides ; petiole 1-2 cm. 1. Inflorescence : male once to three or four times forked, divisions 1-3-flowered, female simple, 1-3-flowered ; peduncles in male 7-16 mm. 1., ultimate pedicels 3-4 mm. 1. Flowers : parts usually in 6's, sometimes in 5's; rarely in 7's. Calyx 1-1*5 mm. 1., lobes about equalling the tube, triangular, acute. Petals ovate or ovate-elliptical, united to ^ or J of their length, about 2 mm. 1., 1 mm. br. Ovary in female fl. 5-7-celled ; stigma disk-like. Drupe fleshy, purple, sometimes white, 5-7 mm. in diam. ; pyrenes 5-7, smooth, compressed-flattish from the sides, very narrow, semicircular-lunate, 3 '5-4 mm. 1., about 2 mm. br. on flat side. 2. I. subtriflora Griseb. ex Loes. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xv. 312 (1892) & in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. li\cviii. 121 ; leaves 4-11 cm. 1., elliptical (rarely ovate), glabrous, entire, apex obtuse, mem- branous or papery ; inflorescence solitary or clustered. March ; Phoenix Park, Moneague, Prior ! " A pyramidal tree like a cypress in outline " (Prior). Leaves : petioles 1-2 cm. 1. Inflorescence (female) usually solitary and 3-flowered, some- times clustered and 1-3-flowered, racemose or even paniculate, glabrous, axillary also terminal (in Prior's specimen) ; peduncle 2-5 mm. 1. ; pedicels 3-4 mm. 1. Flowers, parts in 4's or 5's. Calyx about 2 mm. in diam., lobes roundish ciliolate, scarcely 1 mm. br. Corolla subrotate, about 2 mm. 1. ; petals ovate, united to £ of their length. Fruit not seen. 3. I. obeordata Sw. FL Incl Occ. 338 (1797) ; leaves •7-1 '3 cm. 1., roundish obcordate to 1-2 cm. !._, oblanceolate, apex rounded, often emarginate, mucronulate, base acute to wedge- shaped, entire, leathery ; inflorescence solitary. — Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Incl. 147 ; Loes. in Engl. Bot. Jahrl. xv. 323 & in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. Ixxviii. 208. Ilex cuneifolia Hook. Ic. PL t. 294 (1840). In fl. Dec.-Feb. ; in fr. Nov.-Apr. ; highest ridge of Blue Mts., Swart z ; Macfadyen; Blue Mt. Peak, Purdie\ Monkey Hill, Cinchona, J.P., 985, Hart ! Morris ! Morse's Gap, 5000 ft. ; John Crow Peak, 5300 ft. ; Harris ! G. E. Nichols ! PL Jam. 5944, 9119, 9139, 9379.— Hispaniola. Shrub or tree, 6-30 ft. high, glabrous. Petioles 1-3 mm. 1. ; stipules about 1 mm. 1., spine-like. Inflorescence: male 2-3-flowered, pedicels umbellate (1-2 mm. 1.) on a peduncle (to 4 or 5 mm. 1.) ; female 1-flowered, pedicels 3-10 mm. 1. Flowers, parts in 4's (rarely 5's or 6's). Calyx about 1 mm. 1., margin of lobes more or less cut. Corolla 3 mm. 1. ; petals elliptical, crenulate. Ovary 4-celled. Drupe globular, without furrows or lines, 5-6 mm. 1. (incl. stigma) ; stigma capitate, 1 mm. 1. and br. ; pyrenes 4-6, 3-4 mm. 1., more or less 3-cornered. 4. I. oeeidentalis Macf. Jam. i. 204 (1837) (excl. syn. I. obeordata Sw.) ; leaves 3 '5-9 cm. 1., obovate-elliptical or elliptical, apex obtuse to rounded, base wedge-shaped, papery to leathery; inflorescences clustered. — Griseb. FL Br. W. Incl. 147 (in part, excl. hab. Dominica). I. sideroxyloides forma jamaicen- sis Loes. in Urb. Si/ml. Ant. i. 346 (1899). I. sideroxyloides var. oeeidentalis forma jamaicensis Loes. in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. Ixxviii. 354 (1901). -- FIj'KA <)F JAMAICA I'' In fl. Sept.-Apr. : in fr. Nov.; Blue Mt. ridge; Orchard; Port Koyul .Alts.; Mac/a ' Manchester, 1'nrdiel near Cinchona, J.P. 1205, 1143, Hart\ J.P. 1400, 2116, Jforris 1 Portland Gap, 5500ft.; Tw-.-dside, north St. Andrew, 2500 ft. ; St. George; near Cinchona, 4500 ft. ; Harrlx ! Fl. Jam. 5643, 6088, 7400, 9110, 9118. Shrub or tree, 15-40 ft. high. Leaves: midrib impressed on upper surface, prominent beneath, nerves and veins not always distinct ; petioles •5-1 cm. 1. Itijlor, srcnc,' ; male 3-(6)-flowered, peduncle to 4 mm. 1., pedicels 2 mm. 1. ; female 1-flowered, pedicel 4-8 mm. 1. Flowers : parts in 4's. Calyx about 1 mm. 1., lobes broadly triangular. Corolla about 2 mm. 1., petals of male elliptical, of female ovate- or oblong-elliptical. Ovary 4-celled. Drupe 3 '5-4 mm. 1., ovoid ; stigma conical; pyrenes 4-1, irregularly furrowed on back, otherwise smooth, obtusely 3-cornered. Distinguished from J. sideroxyloides Griseb. by the leaves more or less obovate, the parts of the flowers in 4's not 6's, and the smaller flowers and fruit. o. I. Harrisii Loes. in Urb. Symb. Ant. i. 346 (1899) & /,/ Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. Ixxviii. 411 ; leaves 5-8(-10) cm. 1., elliptical or obovate-elliptical, apex shortly acuminate or subacute, base wedge-shaped, entire, thinly leathery; inflorescences clustered. In fl. Feb., Mar. ; Green Hill Wood, 3500 ft. ; Newhaven Gap, Cin- chona, 5600 ft. ; Hardware Gap, 4000 ft. ; Harris \ Fl. Jam. 5673, 9200, 10,137. Shrub or tree, 15 ft. high, glabrous. Leaves : midrib impressed on upper surface, prominent beneath, nerves slightly prominent on both sides, network of nerves and veins distinct beneath ; petioles 1-1 '5 cm. 1. Inflorescences : male 4-8, usually 3-flowered, peduncles 4-9 mm. 1., pedicels umbellate, 1-5-2-5 mm. 1. ; female 1-5, usually 1-flowered (rarely 2), pedicels 3-5 mm. 1. Flowers : parts in 4's or 5's. Calyx : lobes triangular, a little longer than tube, '!-• 8 mm. 1. Corolla: petals, male elliptical, about 2 mm. 1., female ovate to oblong, about 2 mm. 1., tube about -6 mm. 1. Ovary usually 4-celled ; stigma capitate, 4-5-lobed. Drupe not seen. 6. I. nitida Maxim, in Mem. Acad. Petersb. ser. 7, xxix. no. 3, 27 (1881); leaves 7-12 (5 -5-14) cm. 1., elliptical, or oblong- elliptical (more or less obovate in other countries), apex obtuse, sometimes very shortly and abruptly acuminate ; margin entire, or indistinctly more or less crenate-toothed, leathery to papery ; inflorescences clustered. — Loes. in Ennl. Bot. Jahrb. xv. 319 & in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. Ixxvili 313 ; Url. Symb. Ant. iv. 362. I. dioica Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 147. Prinos nitidus Valil Eclog. IL 26 (1798). (Fig. 9.) In fl. and fr. all the year round; Wilson \ Priori near Bardowie, 2000 ft. ; Ginger Piece bridge, 2800 ft. ; near Morse's Gap, 5000 ft. : Mt. Hybla, 4500 ft. ; Peckham, 2300 ft. ; Harris ! Cedar Hurst to Silver Hill Gap, Harris £ Britton ! Fl. Jam. 5822, 6237, 7559, 9122, 10,545, 11,073.- Mexico, Porto Rico, Montserrat, Guadeloupe, Martinique. Shrub or tree 15-20(-60) ft. high, glabrous. Leaves shining, olive-green or brownish, midrib flattish on upper surface, somewhat prominent beneath, veins slightly prominent on both sides; petioles -5-1 '5 cm. 1. Inflorescences 3-10 : male corymbose, peduncle -5-l(-l'5) cm. 1., pedicels 2-4 mm. 1. ; female 1-flowered, pedicels 4-7 mm. 1. Flowers : parts in 4's (sometimes 5's). Calyx 1-1 • 5 mm. 1. ; lobes broadly triangular to rounded, Ilex AQUIFOLIACEJ; 23 about as long as tube. Corolla 3-4 mm. 1., petals elliptical to ovate. Stamens a little shorter than the petals. Ovary 4-celled. Drupe 7-8 mm. 1. , A C Fig. 9. — Ilex nitidci Maxim. A, Flowering twig x §. D, Ovary cut lengthwise X 7. B, Bud X 5. E, Pyrene X 4. C, Flower x 5. orange-scarlet; stigma flat; pyrenes 4-5 • 5 mm. 1., 3-cornered, with 3-5 narrow keels on back. This species has larger flowers and fruit than the other Jamaican species. I. nitidci forma ovatifolia Loes. (op. cit. Ixxxix. 285, 1903) is a species of Xylosma (Flacourtiaccce). 7. I. uniflora Fawc. & Rendle in Journ. Bot. lix. 19 (1921); leaves 9-12 cm. 1., 4-7 cm. br., elliptical, sometimes ovate- elliptical, somewhat unequal-sided, apex obtuse, base rounded to obtuse, margin entire, slightly re volute, leathery; inflorescences clustered. In fl. Nov. ; Holly Mount, 3000 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 12,201. Shrub 12 ft. high, twigs somewhat thick, warm-grey. Leaves : midrib and nerves slightly prominent on both sides, veins indistinct; petioles about 1 cm. 1. Inflorescences (male flowers only known) numerous in axils, 1-flowered ; pedicels 5-7 mm. 1., glabrous. Flowers: parts in 5's. Calyx 1 -2-1 -5 mm. 1., lobes much longer than the tube, ovate-triangular, apex obtuse. Corolla: petals elliptical, almost free, about 2-5 mm. 1., nearly 2 mm. br. Stamens 5, only about half as long as the petals. Pistillode flattened, with a style-like projection in the centre. L'4 FI.OIIA 01- JAMAICA Hex 3. I. florifera F«w<-. <(• UrmUr in J<>nrn. TJ»I. lix. 18 (1921) ; leaves 6-10 cm. 1., 4 '5-8 cm. br., roundish-elliptical, apex and rounded, margin entire, slightly revolute, leathery; inflor- clustered. In fl. and fr. Apr., May ; Union Hill, near Moneague, Britton & HollicJc, 2803 ! Albion Pen, St. Ann, 2000 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 12,012. Tree to 40 ft. high, glabrous, twigs ash-coloured. Leaves : midrib flat or slightly channelled on upper surface, prominent beneath, nerves distinct on both sides, veins indistinct; petioles '7-1 cm. 1. Inflorescences (female only known) several in each axil, 3- to many-flowered, corymbose ; peduncle^ about -5 cm. in fl. to 1 cm. in fr. Flowers : parts in 4's. Calyx 1-2-1-5 mm. 1. ; lobes longer than the tube, transversely subelliptical. Corolla : petals oblong-elliptical to roundish-elliptical, subfree, 2 -3-2 -5 mm. ]., 1-5-1-9 mm. br. Ovary 4-celled, subovoid ; stigma capitate. iJrnjn1 about 3 mm. 1. (incl. stigma), subglobular to pear-shaped; pyrenes 4, 3-cornered, smooth, with a line along the centre of the back, about 2-5 mm. 1. 9. I. vaeeinoides Loes. in Urb. Syml. Ant. rii 270 (1912); leaves 1*5-3 (1-3*5) cm. 1., obovate to narrowly elliptical, apex rounded, generally shortly apiculate, base acute to wedge-shaped, leathery, entire or sparingly and minutely serrate near apex ; inflorescences clustered. In fl. April, also Aug. ; ^Monkey Hill, Cinchona, 5SOO ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 9217, 9379. Shrub 6 ft. high, or tree 30-40 ft. high, glabrous. Leaves : midrib impressed on upper surface, prominent beneath, nerves and veins generally slightly prominent on upper surface, indistinct beneath ; petioles 2-3(-6) rnm.l. ; stipules awl-shaped, -5-1 mm. 1. Inflorescences: male 1-flowerecl, or once forked and 2-3-flowered ; peduncle 4-7 mm. 1., pedicels 1-2 mm. 1. ; female 1-flowered, 2 or 3 .in a cluster, or reduced to 1. Flowers : parts in 4's. Calyx : lobes unequal, triangular, somewhat longer than the tube, to 1*5 mm. 1. Corolla : petals 2-2-5 mm. 1. Ovary 4-celled; stigma disk- like. Drupe ellipsoidal, 4 mm. 1. ; pyrenes 4, one sometimes undeveloped, smooth, 3-cornered, flattish on the sides, with a slight furrow along the back, about 3 mm. 1. FAMILY LVI. CELASTRACE^E. Trees or shrubs, erect in Jamaican genera. Leaves opposite and alternate, leathery, simple, never lobed; stipules when present, minute and soon dropping off. Inflorescence mostly cyrnose. Flowers small , greenish or white, hermaphrodite, by reduction often unisexual, monoecious or dicecious. Calyx small, with 4 or 5 lobes or segments, imbricate, persistent. Petals 4—5, short, spreading, sessile below the margin of the disk, imbricate. Stamens 4-5, inserted on or near the margin of the disk ; fila- ments awl-shaped. Ovary 3-5-celled, with a short thick style, entire or sometimes 3-5-lobed ; stigma simple or lobed. Ovules 2 or 1 in the cells, anatropous, erect, rarely pendulous. Fruit a capsule or drupe. Seeds usually erect, with or without an Maytenus CELASTEACE.-E 25 aril ; endosperm fleshy, sometimes wanting. Embryo usually rather large ; cotyledons flat, foliaceous. Species about 450, dispersed over the whole world in tropical and more rarely in temperate regions. Fruit a capsule. Seed with an aril. Flower-parts in fives 1. Maytenus. Fruit a drupe. Seed without an aril. Flower-parts in fours. Flowers hermaphrodite 2. Rhacoma . Flowers 1-sexual, usually dioecious. Leaves opposite. Cymes pedunculate. Ovary 2-celled. Seeds generally solitary 3. Gymindn. Ovary 4-celled. Seeds generally more than one 4. Tetrasiphon. Leaves alternate or clustered. Flowers clustered. 5. Scli&fferia. Flower-parts in fives 6. ElcRodendron. \. MAYTENUS Molina. Small erect -shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, in 2 rows, entire or serrate. Mowers polygamous, axillary, solitary or clustered (in Jamaican species), parts in fives ; pedicels jointed at the base. Anthers ovate-cordate. Disk round with wavy margin. Ovary immersed in the disk and confluent with it, 2-(3)-celled ; style wanting or very short ; stigma 2-(3)-lobed ; ovules 2 (or 1) in the cells, erect. Fruit a capsule, leathery, 1-3-celled, at length loculicidally 2-valved (in Jamaican species) : valves keeled and brown, or purplish inside. Seeds enclosed altogether or partially by a thin aril, erect ; endosperm some- times wanting. Species 125, natives of the West Indies, of tropical and subtropical America, and of .temperate S. America. Leaves with apex rounded, obtuse, or shortly acuminate. Petals longer than 1 • 5 mm. Capsule smooth on outside ; pedicel thin. Capsule 12-15 mm. 1... 1. M. jamaicensis. Capsule 7-9 mm. 1 2. M. microcarpa. Capsule rough outside ; pedicel thick. Leaf-margin revolute 3. M. clarendon ensis. Leaf-margin flat 4. M. crassipes. Petals about 1 mm. 1. Capsule 13-20 mm. 1., slightly rough ; pedicel slender 5. M. wrens. Leaves with apex long and narrowly acuminate 6. M. Harrisii. 1. M. jamaicensis Kr. & Urb. in Notizbl. Bcrl. Bot. Gnrtl. i. nr. 2, 78 (1895) & in Urb. Symb. Ant. r. 57 (1904). M. brachycarpa Kr. & Urb. in Urb. Symb. Ant, v. 38 (1904). (Fig. 10, A-D.) In fl. Nov.-Mar. ; in fr. May-Nov. ; Chester Vale; Woodcutter's Gap, 4200 ft.; Green River; Wbitficld Hall, 3000 ft.; Vinegar Hill, 3500 ft.; Cedar Hurst ; Silver Hill Gap, S600-3800 ft. ; between Hardware Gap and 26 i»l JAMAICA Mayt< it UK Rose Hill, 3700ft.; St. George; Peckham, Clarendon, 2500 ft.: John Crow (Blake) Mts., Harris ,1 Britton\ Fl. Jam. 5331, 5416, 5429, 5430, 5460, 5470, 5505, 5570, 6105, 6438, 6588, 7609, 10,031, 10,135, 10,75] . Shrub or tree, 9-25 ft. high. Lea res 5-12(-17) cm. 1., roundish, ovate- or oblong-elliptical, ovate, or elliptical, papery or leathery, often thick and stiff, margin entire, or subundulate above, flat, or recurved, or revolute. •.r together, entire, crenate, or spiny. Inflorescence axillary, <-vraose on long <>r very short peduncles, or clustered. Flowers hermaphrodite, parts in fours, minute. Calyx lobed. Petals recurved in flower. Ovary 4-celled ; ovule solitary in each cell, erect. Fruit a drupe. Seed without an aril ; endosperm present. Species 14, natives of the \Vest Indies (incl. Bahamas), Florida, and northern South America. R. Crossopetalum L. Si/st. erl. 10, 896 (1759) & Amoen. v. 393, 376 ; Trel in A. Gr. Syn. 'FL N. Am. i. pi. 1, 399 ; Urb. Synil. Ant. h:. 364, v. 71 ; Britton Fl. Bcrni. 224 ; Britt. & MiUsp. Bali. Fig. 11. — Rhacoma Crossopetalum L. A. Twig with leaves and flowers, nat. size. C, Ripening ovary cut lengthwise X 10. B. flower X 10. I), Fruit x .">. Fl. 248. Crossopetalum fruticulosum tenue &c. Browne Hist. Jain. 145, t. 17, /. 1. C. Rhacoma Crantz List. ii. 321 (1766). C. pallens Kuntze Rev. i. 116 (1891). Myginda Rhacoma Siv. Prodr. 39 (1788) & Fl. Incl Occ. 340; Jacq. Ic. PI. Ear. ii. 9, Eliacoma CELASTRACE.E 'J.{J t. 311; Macf. Jam. i. 204; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 146. M. pallens Banks ex Smith in Bees Cycl. xxiv. (1813) ; Griseb. Joe. cit. M. uragoga Bich. in Sagra Cub. x. 141 (1845) (non Jacq.). (Fig. 11.) Type specimen from Browne in Herb. Linn. Poison Cherry. In fl. and fr. throughout the year ; woods, Martha Brae river, Browne ! Wright \ hill above Hock Fort, Broughton ! sandy shore in west, Swartz ; sea-shore, Old Harbour, Macfadyenl Purclie ; March \ Lucea, Hitchcock; Long Mt., 350 ft., Campbell ! Healthshire hills, 50 ft., sea-coast near Bull Bay; Lorjg Mt., south side, 250-800 ft. ; Albion Mt., St. Thomas, 200 ft. ; Harris I Fl. Jam. 6148, 9532, 9572, 9582, 9584, 9609, 11,685.— Bermuda, Florida (incl. Keys), Bahamas, West Indies as far south as St. Lucia, Colombia. SJirnb or tree, 2 to 15 ft. high; branches more or less diverging and drooping; young twigs with 4 raised longitudinal lines. Leaves opposite, 1-4 (5) cm. 1., shape very variable, obovate, elliptical to roundish, or narrowly lanceolate, apex obtuse or rounded, often emarginate, margin usually crenulate, sometimes minutely toothed, or subentire, papery or leathery. Inflorescence with minute white hairs, with peduncle ( • 5-2 cm. 1.), divided cymosely once to four times; pedicels 1-2*5 -mm. 1. Calyx •7 mm. 1.; segments imbricate in bud. Petals obovate-elliptical, 1-1-2 mm. 1., green tinged with red. Style with 4 recurved stigmas at apex. Drupe to 7 mm. 1., scarlet, obliquely obovoid or obliquely globular, style persistent, more or less one-sided, l(2)-seeded. 3. GYMINDA Sarg. Shrub or tree. Leaves opposite, entire or crenulate-serrate above the middle. Inflorescence axillary, in pedunculate few- flowered cymes forking once to four times. Flowers minute, unisexual, dioecious, parts in fours. Sepals free or subfree. Petals white, recurved in flower. Stamens (in the male flower only) inserted in the lobes of the disk. Ovary (in male fl. rudimentary) in female fl. 2-celled, combined with the disk, with a 2-lobed stigma; ovule solitary, pendulous in each cell. Drupe black or dark blue, often 1 -celled. Seed solitary (rarely 2), pendulous ; endosperm thin, fleshy. Species 1, native of the Florida Keys, West Indies, Mexico. G. latifolia Urb. Symb. Ant. v. 80 (1904) & h. 365. G. Grisebachii Sarg. in GarcL tfc For. iv. 4 (1891) & Silv. ii. 14, t. 54 ; Trel. in A. Gr. Syn. FL N. Am. i. pt. 1, 399 ; Small Fl. S. E. U. St. 736. Myginda latifolia Sw. Prodr. 39 (1788) & Fl. Ind. Occ. 342 (excl. syn. Valil) ; Grisebacli FL Br. W. Ind. 146. (Fig. 12.) In fl. and fr. during the first half of the year ; St. Ann, McNab \ Wullschlaegel ; Great Goat Is.; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 10,160, 10,174.— Distri- bution as under genus. Shrub or tree, 15 to 20 ft. high, glabrous ; twigs of one season's growth marked with four raised lines. Leaves 1-5-6 cm. 1., variable, generally obovate-wedge-shaped with rounded apex, sometimes obovate-oblong or oblong, sometimes rhomboid or rhomboid-elliptical with apex narrowed or obtusely acuminate, apex often emarginate, on the upper surface more 30 FI/MIA UF JAMAICA C/lininda Fig. IZ.—Gymlnda latifolia Urb. A, Flowering twig x f . C, Female flower cut lengthwise x S. B. Male flower cut lengthwise X 8. D, Drupe cut lengthwise X 6. (After Sargent.) or less glaucescent, beneath brownish (when dry) ; petioles 1-5 mm. 1. Sepals '6- *8 mm. 1., roundish or semicircular. Petals 1*6-2 '2 mm. 1., elliptical. Drupe narrowly- to roundish-ellipsoidal, 4-8 mm. 1. 4. TETRASIPHON Urb. A small tree, bushy or slender, glabrous. Leaves opposite, decussate, stalked, entire, penniveined. Stipules small, within the petiole, but not united, persistent. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, cymose ; pedicels wanting or very short. Mowers small, dioecious, parts in fours. Petals spreading or recurved in flower. Stamens inserted between the lobes of the disk ; anthers cordate, attached at the base. Staminodes none in the female flower Disk in male flower lobed, in female flower adiiate to the base of the ovary. Ovary in male flower rudimentary ; in female flower 4-celled ; style none ; stigmas 4. Ovule solitary in each cell, pendulous from the apex of the ovary. Drupe purplish-black, smooth, exocarp thinly fleshy, mesocarp fibrous, ample, endocarp bony, '2-4 -celled. Seeds solitary in a cell, pendulous from the apex of the cell, without an aril, somewhat flattened, oblong- ellipsoidal ; endosperm present. Embryo as long as the seed ; cotyledons flat, narrowly lanceolate ; radicle superior. Species 1, native of Jamaica. Tetrasiplion CELASTEACE.E 31 T. jamaieensis Urb. Symb. Ant. v. 84 (1904). (Fig. 13.) In fl. and fr. Jan., Feb., June; in fr. Jan., Feb., June, July; Militia Target Range, Campbell I road to Wareka, 200 ft. ; Albion Mt., St. Thomas, 150-200 ft. ; Harris I Fl. Jam. 6501, 8604, 11,865, 11,866, 12,076, 12,077. Tree 15-30 ft. high. Leaves 3-5 (2 -5-5 -5) cm. 1., obovate-elliptical, elliptical to broadly elliptical, apex rounded, below gradually narrowing fig. 13. — Tetrasiphon jamaieensis Urb. A, End of branch with leaves and D, Female flower x 10. flowers x £. E, Ditto cut lengthwise X 10. B, Portion of inflorescence x 5. F, Drupe cut lengthwise x 2. C, Male flower x 10. G, Embryo x 3. into the petiole, margin flat, entire or subentire, brownish on the upper surface when dry, pale beneath. Inflorescences '5-l'5 cm. 1., peduncle 2-7 mm 1., forking cymosely once to four times. Calyx about 1 mm. 1. Petals greenish-yellow : male obovate-oblong or oblong, 1 • 8-2 mm. 1., female ovate-oblong, 2-2-2-5 mm. 1. Drupe about 1 cm. 1., roundish ellipsoidal. 5. SCELEFFERIA Jacq. Rigid, glabrous shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate or clustered on short spur-like branches, small, entire, obovate or spathulate, without stipules. Flowers dioecious or sometimes monoecious, axillary, sessile or shortly stalked, small, green or white ; parts in fours. Calyx 4-parted, persistent, segments 32 FL01IA OF JAMAICA Schaefferia roundish. Petals hypogynous, oblong, obtuse. Stamens hypo- ^\'iious or inserted below the margin of a small inconspicuous ilNk. Ovary '2 celled ; style very short with rather large i? -parted stigma ; ovules solitary in the cells, erect. Fruit a >mall dry drupe, 2-pyreiied ; pyrenes with a thin roughish shell. Seed without aril, smooth ; endosperm fleshy. Species 8, natives of the West Indies and tropical and subtropical America. Leaves elliptical to lanceolate, acute, 2 -5-6 cm. 1 1. S. frntcscens. Leaves obovate, apex rounded, sometimes emarginate. Leaves !• 5-2 '5. cm. 1 2. S. obovata. Leaves -5-1-5 cm. 1 3. S. Marchii. 1. S. frutescens Jacq. Enum. PL Carib. 33 (1760) &, Sel. Stlrp. Amer. 259 (1763); Lam. Illustr. t, 809; Karst. Fl CoJumb. i. 183, t. 91 ; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 146; Sarg. Silv. ii. 17, t. 55 ; Trel. in A. Gr. Syn. FL N. Am, i. pt. 1, 399 : Small FL S. E. U. St. 736 ; Umb. Symb. Ant. iv. 365, v. 84 ; Britt. , Male flower x 5. Fig. 18. — Mappia racemosa Jacq. C, Hermaphrodite flower cut lengthwise X 10. D, Drupe cut lengthwise, slightly enlarged. FAMILY LX. SAPINDACE^. Trees or shrubs, rarely shrubby herbs, sometimes climbing by tendrils. Leaves alternate, without stipules (stipules present in Paullinia and sometimes in Serjanid), abruptly pinnate or with an odd leaflet, sometimes biternate, 3- or 1-foliolate. Racemes, or panicles, sometimes corymbose, generally axillary, sometimes terminal. Flowers generally small and polygamo-dicecious, regular or irregular. Sepals 4 or 5, generally imbricate. Petals 4 or 5, sometimes wanting, imbricate, sometimes with scales on the inside. Disk complete in the regular flowers (wanting or small in Dodoncea), represented by 2 or 4 glands in the irregular flowers. Stamens generally 8, usually hypogynous and inserted within the disk, sometimes placed on one side. Ovary 3-celled (2-celled in AUoplnjlus and 2-3-celled in Melicocca). Ovules 1 (or 2) in each cell, attached to the axis. Fruit capsular or indehiscent, drupaceous, baccate, or leathery, or composed in Serjania SAPINDACE.E 41 Serjania of 3 samaras. Seeds without endosperm, generally with an aril. Species about 1,050, mostly natives of warmer regions of the world. Plants climbing by tendrils. Leaves twice 3-foliolate. Fruit composed of 3 samaras united in the axis 1. Serjania. Capsule 3-valved, leatbery 2. Paullinia. Capsule of 3 inflated membranous lobes 3. Cardiospermum. Plants not climbing. Leaves 3-foliolate. Petioles not margined. Flowers irregular 4. Allopliylus. Flowers regular 10. Exothea. Petioles margined. Flowers regular 9. Hypelate. Leaves abruptly pinnate. Sepals and petals 5. Fruit not splitting open. Fruit a 1-seeded berry-like drupe, with the second cell undeveloped 10. Exothea. Fruit fleshy, usually of 1 coccus, the other two undeveloped 5. Sapindns. Fruit splitting open. Capsule dry 6. Cupania. [Capsule fleshy Blighia.] Sepals 5, petals rudimentary. Capsule with 1-3 compressed, 2-valved lobes 7. Matayba. [Sepals and petals 4. Drupel-celled, 1-seeded... Melicocca.] Leaves simple (1 foliolate). Capsule 3-winged 8. Dodonaa. § A, Flowers irregular. Petals 4, the place of the fifth vacant. Disk represented by 2 or 4 glands. Stamens unilateral. 1. SERJANIA Plum, ex Schum. Shrubs climbing by peduncular or axillary tendrils ; epidermis with mucous in Jamaican species. Leaves biternate and with pellucid dots in Jamaican species, without stipules or with minute stipules. Racemes or panicles axillary. Flowers polygamous, rather small and white in Jamaican species. Sepals 5 (or some- times 4), 2 more or less united, tomentose, imbricate, the outer smaller. Petals bearing a scale, the scales of the two inferior petals appendaged at the apex. Disk glands : 2 larger and 2 smaller, the latter sometimes not developed. Stamens 8. Style 3-lobed. Fruit of 3 samaras, broadly winged below, united in the axis, with indehiscent cells at the apex. Seed with a very small aril ; embryo incurved ; cotyledons incumbent, the inner transversely folded. Species nearly 200, natives of the \Yest Indies, tropical America, and subtropical S. America 42 OF JAMAICA i '.ranches 5-angled, generally thorny. Common petioles naked or lined by a narrow margin, partial petioles with a broader margin 1. S. mexia Branches 3-cornered or nearly terete. Petioles not margined. Fruit about 1-3 cm. 1 2. S. Fruit about 2'5 cm. L. 3. S. 1. S. mexieana Willd, Sp. PL /'/. 405 (1799) ; branches •Vangled, generally thorny ; common petiole of leaves naked or lined by a very narrow margin, partial petioles with a broader Fig. 19.— Serjania mexieana Willd. A, Leaf and portion of raceme in fruit 'D, Fruit, nat. size. E, Samara with seed cut lengthwise X B, Male flower x 4. C, Stamen x 11. X U. (A after Schumacher.) margin ; fruit in section 2-2 • 7 cm. 1., 1 • 4-1 • 8 cm. br. near base, oblong or ovate, base cordate, scarcely or not at all constricted below the cells, generally glabrous ; cells 5-6 mm. }., glabrous within. — R«(1R\ Monogr. Serj. 235 & Suppl. 124. S. divaricata Schurn. in Skrivt. Naturli. Selsk. Kjoeb. Hi. p. 2, 126, t. 12, /. 2 (1794) ; Willd. torn. cit. 464 ; Macf. Jam, i. 157 ; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 123 (excl. specimen from March}. S. spectabilis Sclmm. torn. cit. 127, t. 12, /. 4 ; Willd, torn. cit. 465. Paullinia mexieana Serjania SAPDsDACE.E 43 L. Sp. PL 366 (1753) (excl. syn. Plum.) ; Lun. Hort. Jam. ii. 216. P. caribrea Jacg. 0/;s. .Bof. j;*. 3, l'l, t. 62, /. 7 (1768). P. divaricata Sw. Prodr. 64 (1788) & .FY. Jwrf.' Occ. 696. (Fig. 19.) Specimens from Hort. Cliff, in Herb. Mus. Brit, and one in Herb. Linn. Wright ! Brougliton \ Clarendon, Robinson ; Swartz ; Port Royal Mts., Macfadyenl Distinl Fairfield, Wullsclilaegcl (under S. liicida Schum. in Griseb. loc. cit.), Wilson ! Priori Hope Mines, 750 ft. ; Potsdam, 2600 ft. ; Hope estate, 650 ft.; Harris \ Fl. Jam. 8364, 9818, 10,804.— Central America, Colombia, Venezuela. Stem and branches glabrous or pubescent. Leaves : lower about 3 drn. 1., becoming gradually smaller upwards and sometimes not fully developed ; leaflets 6-13 cm. L, elliptical, ovate, obovate, or oblong, terminal narrowed at the base, apex obtuse or retuse, acute, or acuminate, subentire or with 2-4 blunt teeth on each side, glabrous or pubescent beneath, sessile ; petioles sometimes thorny beneath. Racemes solitary (S. spectabilis) or paniculate with divaricate branches (S. divaricata). Sepals covered with white tomentum, the inner 3 mm. 1. with two (third and fifth) united at the base, the outer shorter. Petals a little shorter than the sepals ; scales (excl. the crest) 'about half as long as the petals, margin hairy, two (the upper) with a broad emarginate crest, and an appendage turned down, more than half as long as the scale, hairy. Seed inserted below the middle of the cell, lens-shaped. 2. S. Isevigata PadUc. in Urb. Symb. Ant. i. 347 (1899) ; branches 3-angled or nearly terete ; leaflets broadly ovate to narrowly elliptical, obtuse or emarginate, base narrowed into the short petiolule, subentire, occasionally with a very short tooth or shallow notch, leathery ; petioles not margined ; fruit about 1 • 3 cm. 1., cordate-ovate, apex retuse, somewhat constricted below the cells ; cells 5 m. 1., 3-cornered, with broad partition wall, keeled on the back, slightly crested, puberulous, hairy on internal walls. In fl. Oct., in fr. Jan. ; near Wareka, 400-800 ft. ; Spur Tree Hill, 2000 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 6679, 9024, 9860. Stem and branches, very young parts and the inflorescence puberulous. Leaves, upper 12-14 cm. 1. ; leaflets, terminal 6*5-8 cm. 1., glabrous on upper surface and also beneath except for a minute hairy tuft in the axils of the nerves. Panicle 10-15 cm. 1. Sepals with white tomentum : two outer 3 -5-4 mm. L, roundish to roundish-elliptical, inner 4-4*5 mm. L, broadly elliptical, concave, two slightly connected at base. Petals about 5 mm. 1., obovate with a small claw; scales (excluding the crest) about half as long as the petals, margin hairy, two (the upper) with a broad semicircular crest, and an appendage turned down, more than half as long as the scale, hairy, the lower scales with crest only. Fruit at base 10-14 mm. br., at the cells 7-8 mm. br. Seed inserted at the base of the cell, obovoid, 5 mm. 1. 3. S. equestris Mac/. Jam. L 156 (1837); branches 3-angled; leaflets ovate, apex subacuminate, acumen somewhat blunt, sometimes retuse. apiculate, base narrowed, distantly and bluntly toothed above the middle, sessile, sometimes shortly stalked, papery ; petioles not margined ; fruit about 2 • 5 cm. 1. 44 FLOi.'A "F JAMAICA Serjania cordate, ovate ; cells about 1 cm. 1., densely and shortly pubescent, with reddish hairs on internal walls. — Radlk. Mt>nY. W. Ltd. 123 (1859) (in part, as regards the Jamaican specimen) (non KnutJt). S. divaricata Griseb. loc. cit. (in part, as regards specimens from M<(rcJt (non Schum.). Specimen from Macfadyen in Herb. Kew. Mountain Supple Jack. Macfatlycnl M, 6039, 6079, 6548. Stem- and branches, young puberulous, adult glabrate. Leaflets about 5 cm. L, terminal larger, subrbomboid, glabrous on upper surface and also beneatb except for a minute hairy tuft in tbe axils of the nerves. Sepals covered witb white tomentum, the outer two small, roundish, the three inner three times longer than the outer, obovate-roundish, witb 2 cohering. Petals nearly tbe same size as the larger sepals. Seed obovoid, inserted near tbe base of the cell. S. angustifolia Willd. Sp. PL ii. 466 (1799), Eadlk. torn. cit. 348, remark- able for its linear-lanceolate leaflets and foliaceous petioles, is said by Descourtilz (FL Ant. iv. 17, t. 237) to occur in Jamaica, but is unknown except by the descriptions and drawings of Plumier (PL Amer. Burm. 103, t. 113, /. 1) and Descourtilz. 2. PAULLINIA L. Shrubs climbing by peduncular or axillary tendrils. Leaves biternate and with partial petioles winged in Jamaican species ; stipules deciduous. Inflorescence a thyrse, axillary. Flowers small polygamo-dicecious. Sepals minutely puberulous, 5, two outer smaller, two of the inner sepals (third and fifth) more or less united, imbricate. Petals 4, the place of the tifth vacant, each with a crested hooded scale on the inside, the scales of the upper petals with a tongue-like appendage below the apex, pointing downwards, bearded below. Disk with 4 glands, the two larger opposite the smaller petals. Stamens 8, inserted at the anterior side of the flower. Style with 3 stigmas. Fruit capsular, septifragally 3-valved, valves 3-winged or 3-6-ribbed, reddish or yellow, 3- or 2-1-seeded, leathery. Seed arillate : embryo curved. Supple Jack. Species about 150, natives of tropical America, a few of the \Vest Indies, one wide-spread species extends to tropical Africa, including Madagascar. Leaflets entire or crenulate. Capsule 3-winged 1. P. barbadensis. Leaflets serrate. Capsule 3-6-ribbed 2. P. jamaiccnsis. 1. P. barbadensis Jacq. Emun. PL Carib. 36 (1760) & Obs. Sot. Hi. 12, t. 62, /'. 9. Schum. in Shrivt. Naturli. SehJc. Kjoeb. Hi. pt. 2. 123, t. 9, /3, t. 10, /. 6. Grlseb. FL Br. W. Lid. 124; Radlk. Monogr. Paul, in Abli. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. xix. 293 Paullinia SAPINDACE^: 45 (1896). P. pinnata L. Sp. PL 366 (1753) (only as regards syn. Sloane, and hab. Jamaica) ; Wright Mem. 267. P. seriana Gaertn. Fnict. 381, t. 79, a-li (1788) (excl. syn.; (non. L.). P. foliis biternatis &c. A. Robinson ms. & Ic. ined. Pisum cordatum non vesicarium Sloar/e Cat. Ill &, Hist. t. 239 (in part, as regards description of leaves and fruit, excluding Fig. 20. — Paullinia Larbadensis Jacq. A, Leaf and inflorescence X %. B, Male flower in hud opened out X 4. C, Ditto cut lengthwise x 7. D, Petal (upper) and scale from front and side x 6. E, Petal (lower) and scale from front and side x 6. F, Capsule X H. G, Ditto with valves fallen, showing two seeds and one undeveloped x li. description of seeds). (Fig. 20.) Specimen from Jacquin in Herb. Mus. Brit. Specimen from Browne in Herb. Linn, named in Solander's hand P. mexicana. Sloane Herb. iv. 103 ! Houstonn ! Browne \ Wright ! Broughton ! Shakspear ! Bertero ; Macfadyen ! March ! Wilson ; J. P. 1008, Hart ! near Wareka, 400 ft. ; Harris ! Windward Road, near Hope River ; Harris & Britton ! Fl. Jam. 6583, 10,795. — Barbados (fide Jacquin, at present known only as a garden plant). Shrub glabrous. Leaves 0-8 cm. 1. ; leaflets upper 3-5 cm. 1., lower scarcely 1 cm. L, elliptical, obtuse, narrowed to the base, terminal generally obovate, all sessile, entire or crenulate, thinly leathery, common petiole 1-2 cm. 1., not margined, partial petioles margined or narrowly winged, a little longer or shorter than the common petiole. Inflorescence solitary, 3-15 cm. L, pedunculate or sessile. Sepals outer 2 mm. 1., inner 40 FLOKA OF JAMAICA Paullinia 3 min. 1. Petals elliptical, 3'5-4 nun. 1. l-'i laments hairy. Capsule 3-winged, 1-4-1-7 cm. 1., 1-2-1-5 cm. br. ; valves semi-elliptical to semicircular. Sc,d 6-7 Him. 1. The branches of species of Paullinia, called " Supple Jacks," are flexible and tough; they are used as riding switches and walking sticks. The seeds are said to possess the property of intoxicating fish. 2. P. jamaieensis M<«-i'. .///„,. /. 158 (1837); RadUc. Mon<>-. Paul. //? AIL K. Bayer. AJcad. 117**. xix. 198 (1896). P. sarmentosa etc. Browne Hist. Jam. 212. P. inexieana L. Halt. (in Solander's hand) (non Sp. PI.) no. 4, specimen affixed on left, probably collected by .Browne, named " curassavica " by J. E. Smith. Griseb. Joe. cit. (sub P. curassavica Jacq. excl. hab. N. Grenada) ; Pisum decimum «fcc. Sloane Cat. 110 & Hist. i. 238 (in part, as regards description of leaves, excluding description of fruit and seeds). Planta fruticosa scandens ex cujus caule scipiones &c. Sloane Cat. 214 & Hist. ii. 185, t. 231, /. 6. Sloane Herb. iv. 102 ! Wright ! Robins ! Shakspcar ! Macfadyen ! Port Eoyal Alts., Purdie ! March \ Moneague, Prior \ Walderston, 2000 ft. ; near Troy, 1500 ft. ; near Content Gap, 2800 ft. ; Chester Vale, 3000 ft. ; near Grove, Gordon Town; Harris \ Fl. Jam. 7016, 8416, 8563, 9149, 10,019 ; Port Morant, Hitchcock.— Cuba. Shrub, branches bearing inflorescences, puberulous at length glabrate, with shallow furrows spotted with numerous brown lenticels. Leaves 10-20 cm. 1. ; leaflets terminal 4-8 cm. L, lateral smaller, upper elliptical- lanceolate or terminal subrhornboid, apex acuminate, acute, base narrowly wedge-shaped, lateral lower elliptical, obtuse, all sessile, distantly serrate- dentate, teeth sometimes rather large, membranous-papery; common petiole 2-6 cm. 1., rhachis (intermediate partial petiole) with margin or wing ('5-1 '5 mm. br.). Inflorescences solitary or paniculate, puberulous, 4-8 cm. 1., pedunculate or sessile. Sepals, inner 2 mm. 1., subpetaloid, two united to one-third of their length, outer about 1 mm. 1. Petals obovate, white. Filaments glabrous. Capsule 3-6-ribbed, ellipsoid - globular, contracted into a stalk-like base, pulverulent-puberulous outside, with short tomenturn inside, about 15 cm. L, including the base (4-5 mm. 1.) ; valves obovate subacute. 3. CARDIOSPERMUM L. Shrubby or annual herbs, much branched, branches ribbed, climbing by 2 tendrils on the peduncle. Leaves biternate ; leaflets crenate or serrate, often with pellucid dots or lines. Corymbs axillary. Flowers white, with jointed pedicels, poly- gamo-dkficious. Sepals 4, in Jamaican species, broadly imbricate, the 2 outer much smaller. Petals in pairs, two with a crested scale which has a bearded appendage pointing downwards, the other two with a scale which has a wing-like crest on the back. Glands 2, opposite the petals with the appendage. Stamens 8. Style 3-lobed. Capsule of 3 inflated membranous lobes, opening loculicidally. Seeds subglobular, black, often arillate at the base ; cotyledons large, transversely folded on themselves. Cardiospermum Hear t- pea. Species 10, natives of tropical America, three of these are found in the West Indies, one of which occurs also in tropical Africa, and two are found throughout the tropics. Flowers 8-10 mm. 1 1. C. grandiflorum. Flowers 4-6 mm. 1. Seed with a heart-shaped bilobed hilurn. Capsule subglobular, 3-4 cm. in diam 2. C. haUcacabum. Capsule 3-angled, apes truncate or depressed, about 1 cm. high 3. C. microcarpum. Seed with a semicircular hilum scarcely emarginate 4. C. corindum. 1. C. grandiflorum Sw. Prodr. 64 (1788) & Fl. Incl Occ. 698 (1800); leaves, lower (incl. petiole 4-5 cm. 1.) 15-20 cm. 1. *, Fig. 21. — Cardiospennum A, Leaf and inflorescence x ?,. B, Bud of male flower opened XI1. Sw. C, D, Petals of ditto seen from f r< >ut and side x 2. E, Fruit x u. Y, Seed x '.'. leaflets deeply serrate, serratures acute ; inflorescence as long as the leaves, sometimes longer; petals about 10 mm. 1. ; disk- glands horn-like; capsule to 6*5 cm. 1., to 3*5 cm. br., obovate or ellipsoidal, 3-angled, acute at both ends. Macf. Jam. i. loo 48 FLORA OF JAMAICA Cardiospcnnnm . Fl. 13,. W. Lid 122; Railll-. in Fl. Unix. . Fl. Br. W. Ind. 122 (as regards syn. dins. Banks, C. inolle Kiin-tlt, C. loxense Kunth, C. villosum. Macf. Coll. Purdie). C. villosum Mac/. Jam. i. 154 (1837) (excl. syn. Sloane). Houstoun ! Browne \ Liguanea, Broughton ! Swartz \ St. Mary, Purdie ! Windward Road, Faiccett \ August Town, Campbell \ road to Hagley Gap, 1000 ft. ; Grove, near Gordon Town, 800 ft. ; Mona, 700 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 5786, 6539, 6831, 8837.— Tropics. Stem to 6 ft. long and more, woody, hairy or glabrate. Sepals, inner about twice as long as the outer. Petals more or less persistent. Seed 2 '5-4 mm. in diam. 4. ALLOPHYLUS L. Erect shrubs or small trees, without tendrils. Leaves with 3 leaflets in W. Indian species ; leaflets generally large, entire I Fig. 22. — Allophyhis jamaieensis Eadlk. A, Leaf and inflorescence x \. D, E, Petals seen from front and side x 11. B, Male flower x 7. F, Fruit, nat. size. C, Female flower x 7. G, Seed cut lengthwise X 2. V. E ;~>0 FLORA OF JAMAICA Allnpliylits or serrate, often pellucid-dotted or -lined, lateral more or less unequal-sided. Inflorescence raceme-like or laxly paniculate, axillary. Flowers small or minute, globose, often closed, poly- gamo-dicecious. Sepals 4, opposite in pairs, concave, broadly imbricate, the two outer smaller, elliptical, the inner roundish. Petals, each with a small 2-lobed scale. Disk glands opposite the petals, 4 (in ^V. Indian species). Stamens 8. Ovary cleeply 2-lobed, lobes somewhat globular or obovoid, united by the style ; style 2-lobed. Fruit composed of one indehiscent coccus (the other usually undeveloped), obovoid or somewhat globular. Seed erect, with a very short fleshy aril ; embryo curved ; cotyledons doubled on each other. Species 156, about equally divided between the three great divisions : tropical America, tropical and south Africa, Asia and the islands of the Pacific. Leaflets serrate, puberulous 1. A. Cominia. Leaflets entire, glabrous. Leaves 17-30 cm. 1 2. A. jamaicensis. Leaves 7-13 cm. 1 3. A. pacliypliyllus. 1. A. Cominia Sw. Prodr. 62 (1788) ; Radii;, in Sitzungsber. K. Bcu/er. Akad. Math. Plnjs. KL xxxviii. 215; Britt. A Milhp. BnJi. FL 253. Baccifera indica &c. Sloane Cat. 170 & Hist. ii. 100, t. 208, /. 1. Cominia arborea &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 205. Rhus Cominia L. Amcen. v. 395 & 377 (1760). Toxicodendron arboreum Mill. Diet. ed. 8 (1768). Schmidelia Cominia Siv. FL Ind. Occ. 667 (1798); Macf. Jam. i. 161; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 126. Miller's type, Houstoun's specimen from Cam- peachy, is in Herb. Mus. Brit. Type from Browne in Herb. Linn. In fl. Aug., Sept.; in fr. Dec.; Bed Hills, Sloane Herb. vii. 19*, 20! Wright ! Broirne ! Bronghton ! Distin ! St. Mary, Me Nab ! Great Valley, Manchester, Purdic ! Wilson ! Ewarton, Prior ! March ! Mavis Bank, J.P. 1131, Hart\ Robertsfield, J.P. 1447, Morris I Stony Hill, York Moore I Belvidere, near Montpelier ; near Bito ; Fawcett ! near Christiana, 3000 ft. ; near Mona, 800 ft. ; Long Mt. 900 ft. ; Malvern, 2200 ft. ; New Market, 1100 ft. ; Troy, 1600-2000 ft. ; Font Hill, St. Elizabeth ; Harris ! Provi- dence, Thompson ! Fl. Jam. 8621, 9458, 9928.— Bahamas, Cuba, Is. of Pines, Hispaniola, Martinique. Tree 20-40 ft. Leaves 15-20 cm. 1. (incl. petiole 4-7 '5 cm. 1.) ; leaflets 8-15 cm. 1., obovate-elliptical to obovate-lanceolate, lateral usually some- what unequal-sided especially at the base, apex abruptly and shortly acuminate, more or less serrate especially in the upper half, sometimes subentire, puberulous on both surfaces, densely so on midrib and nerves, with small axillary tufts beneath and often tomentose ; petiolules, terminal 5_8(-2) mm. 1., lateral 0-5 mm. 1. Inflorescence usually shorter than the leaves. Flowers pale yellow. Sepals, two outer oblong-elliptical, •8-1 mm. 1., two inner petaloid, obovate, 1-2-1-4 mm. 1. Petals oblong, about 1 mni. 1. Coccus subglobular-ellipsoidal, 5 mm. 1. Seed 4 mm. 1. Allophylus SAPINDACE.E 51 2. A. jamaieensis Radii: in Urb. Sijmb. Ant. v. 407 (1908). Schmidelia glabrata Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 126 (1859) (noil Kunfh). (Fig. 22.) In fl. Sept. ; in fr. Nov.-Jan. ; Wilson \ Mt. Diablo, Prior ! near Troy, 1000 ft.-2000 ft. ; Peckham, Clarendon, 2000 ft. ; Harris ! near Mandeville, Harris & Britton \ also Britton, 1048 ! Fl. Jam. 9068, 9440, 10,596, 12,818. Tree 20-30 ft. high. Leaves 17-30 cm. 1. (incl. petiole 4-10 cm. 1.) ; leaflets 11-19 cm. 1., elliptical or elliptical-lanceolate, lateral a little smaller, slightly unequal-sided, all shortly and obtusely acuminate, some- times retuse, entire, glabrous on both sides except for a triangular patch of woolly hair in the axils of nerves beneath; petiolule '5-1*5 cm. 1. Inflorescence about as long as the petiole or somewhat longer. Flowers yellowish-green or whitish. Sepals 1 • 5-1 • 8 mm. 1. Petals I • 3-1 • 4 mm. 1. Coccus somewhat obovoid, 7-8 mm. 1., glabrous, ribbed. Seed 5-6 mm. 1. 3. A. paehyphyllus Radlk. in Urb. Symb. Ant. v. 406 (1908). In fr. Jan. ; Bethabara, Wullsclilaegel ; near Mandeville, Britton, 1009 ! near Moneague, Britton & Hollick, 2734 ! Walderston, Manchester, 2600 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 12,857. Bushy tree .to 20 ft. high. Leaves 6 '5-13 cm. 1. (includ. petiole l'5-4 cm. 1.) ; leaflets 5-9 cm. 1., elliptical, shortly acuminate, base narrowed into a short petiolule, entire, glabrous on both sides except for woolly hair in the axils of the nerves beneath ; petiolule 3-7 mm. 1. Inflor- escence as long as, or longer than, the petiole. Coccus somewhat obovoid- globular, 7-10 mm. l.; glabrous, ribbed. § B. Flowers regular. Disk complete (wanting in Dodonsea). Stamens central. 5. SAPINDUS L. Trees. Leaves abruptly pinnate, leaflets entire. Racemes paniculate, terminal or axillary. Flowers polygamous. Sepals 5, outer smaller, broadly imbricate. Petals 5. Stamens 8. Filaments hairy, anthers versatile. Ovary 3-celled. Style ter- minal, stigma 2-4-lobed. Fruit fleshy, rarely of 3 cocci, usually 2 or 1 undeveloped ; cocci globose, indehiscent. Seeds globose, not arillate ; embryo curved ; cotyledons thick. Species about 10 (fide Radlkofer), natives of tropics and subtropics. S. Saponaria L. Sp. PL 367 (1753) & Amcen. v. 378 ; Des- court, FL Ant. iv. 121, t. 261 ; Wright Mem. 267 ; Macf. Jam. i. 159; Grisel. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 126; Radlk. in Sitzungsber. K. Bayer. Akad. Math. Pliys. KL viii. 319 & in FL Bras. xiii. pt. 3, 512, t. 109; Sarg. Silv. ii. 69, it. 74, 75; DUBS, in Ann. Inst. Colon. Hi. 121 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 371. S. foliis &c. Brou'in- Hist. Jam. 206 ; A. Robinson ms. & ic. ined. S. rigidus Mill. Diet. ed. 8; Gaertn. Fruct. i. 341, t. 70, fig. a-f ; Ait, Sort, Kew ii. 36 ; DC. Prodr. i. 608. S. insequalis DC. loc. cit. (1824) ; E 2 52 FLORA OF JAMAICA Sapindus l»r. cit. Prunifera seu Nuciprunifera Arc. Plul\ Plnjt. i. L'17, /. 7. Prunifera racemosa etc. Sloanc Cat. 184 . Burmanniana DC. in Mem. Soc. Genev. i. pt. 2, 447 (1822) & Prodr. i. 616 ; Griseb. loc. cit. Aceri vel Paliuro affinis angusto &c. Sloane Cat. 138 & Hist. ii. 27, t. 162, f. 3. Staphylodendron &c. P/wm. Jc. med. v. t. 263 & PL Amer. (Burm.) 246, t. 247, /. 2. Ptelea viscosa L. % PI. 118 (1753). (Fig. 26.) Switch Sorrel. Old Harbour ; Bed Hills ; Sloane Herb. v. 97 ! sea-coast, Black Eiver, Purdie ! Port Royal Mbs. Prior \ March ! Hope, J.P. 998, Morris ! Port Henderson, Campbell \ Fl. Jam. 6652. — All warm countries. Shrub 3-15 ft. high. Leaves 3-12 cm. 1., l*5-3'5 cm. br., subobovate- wedge-shaped to oblong-obovate. Inflorescence about half as long as the leaves ; longer in fruit. Flowers greenish-yellow, often hermaphrodite. Sepals 2-3 mm. 1., oblong. Stamens rather shorter than the sepals; filaments scarcely 1 mm. 1. Ovary 2 mm. 1. ; style 3'5-4(-6) mm. 1. Capsule variable in size, 1-2 in diam. to 2-2 cm. 1. and 2-5 cm. br., round, notched at apex and base, or apex subobcordate and base subentire. Seeds 2*5-3 mm. in diam., black, lens-shaped. Var. angustifolia Benth. Fl. Austral. I. 476 (1863) ; leaves 4-12 mm. br., linear-oblong to narrowly oblanceolate ; capsule 12-16 mm. br. — Hemsl. in Bot. Cliall. Exp. Bermuda, 27. D. angustifolia Linn. f. Suppl 218 (1781) ; Sw. Obs. Bot. 150; Griseb. op. cit. 128. D. jamaicensis DC. in Mem. Soc. Genev. i. pt. 2, 447 (1822) £ Prodr. i. 616 ; Macf. FL Jam. i. 165 ; Britt. Fl. Berm. 225. Triopteris erecta &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 191,2. 18,/. 1. Sloane Herb. v. 99 ! Houstoun ! Broughton ! Shakspear ! Macfadyen ! Port Royal Mts., McNab ! Purdie ! Blue Mts. ; Liguauea hills ; Prior ! March I Morris \ Kings House, Campbell \ Cinchona, 5000 ft.; Malvern, 2200 ft. ; Lititz savanna, 300-900 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 5887, 8578, 9658, 11,753; Blue Mt. Peak, Hitchcock; Cinchona, G. E. Nichols! — All warm countries. 9. HYPELATE Sw. Tree or shrub. Leaves 3-foliolate ; petioles narrowly margined. Flowers small, white, polygamo-moncecious, in axillary panicles. Sepals 5, imbricate, soon falling. Petals 5. Stamens 8, inserted on the disk, shorter in the female flower, and more or less imperfect. Ovary 3-celled, rudimentary in the male flower ; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit a drupe, flesh thin, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded. Seed without endosperm ; cotyledons thin, folded on themselves irregularly. Species 1, native of Florida Keys, Bahamas, Cuba, Cayman, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Mona, Porto Rico, Anguilla, St. Martin. H. trifoliata Sw. Prodr. 61 (1788) & FL Ind. Occ. 655, t. 14 ; Lun. Hort. Jam. i. 387 ; Macf. Jam. i. 163 ; Deless. Icon. Hi. 23, t. 39; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 127 ; Sarg. Silv. ii. 78, tt. 80, 81 ; Urb. Syinb. Ant. iv. 374; Britt. & Millsp. Bah. Fl, 254. H. fruticosa &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 208. Cytisus arboreus foliis &c. Sloane Cat. 141 & Hist. ii. 33 (cxcl. t. 176, /. 1). FLOKA OF .TAMAK A Amyris Hypelate L. Anum. v. 37S (1760). A. hypelate & A. Philipp;ea A. Robinson //<*. tt . Port K»yal Mts. ; road to Friendship, St. David ; M>ihicn\ Annotto Bay, l.an,\ I'riurl Xorbrook, GOO ft., ('(iinjthrll \ Port lloyal Mts.; near Troy, 1500 ft. ; road, Askeuish to Dolphin Head, 000 ft. ; Peckbam, Clarendon, 2300 ft.; Jhtrrixl Fl. Jam. 5121,5829,6186,6532,6668,8688, 10,277, 11,077. — Florida and Keys, Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Mona, Porto Rico, Vieques, St. Eustatius, I 'r-irade, St. Vincent, Guatemala. Tree 15-50 ft. high ; bark red to brown. Leaves : petioles '5-2 '5 cm. 1. on flowering branches; leaflets 6-11 cm. 1., oblong-elliptical to elliptical, sessile or subsessile. I'anicles as long as, or longer than the leaves, the younger branches as well as the sepals covered with yellowish or orange tomentum. Flowers white, fragrant. Sepals of female flowers 3-5 mm. 1., elliptical, reflexed after flowering, of male flowers shorter. Petals about as long as the sepals, elliptical. Fruit about 1 cm. in diam. ; pericarp dark purple, juicy, when ripe. Seed about 8 mrn. in diam. The wood is very hard and close-grained, capable of receiving a beautiful polish. Its colour is bright red-brown. It is heavy; a cubic foot of dry wood weighs 60 Ibs. It is used for piles, as it resists the attacks of the Teredo ; also for boat-building, etc. (Sargent.) FAMILY LXI. RHAMNACE^B. Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, alternate or (in Rhamnidium) opposite, penninerved or (in Zizyplius) 3-nerved ; stipules small, sometimes changed into spines. Flowers small, hermaphrodite, generally in axillary cymes and of a greenish colour. Calyx : tube obconical or top-shaped, persistent ; lobes 4-5, valvate, falling off. Petals 4, 5, or none (in Zizyphus CJdoroxylon and Krugiodendron), inserted at the throat of the calyx, generally smaller than the calyx-lobes, hooded or infolded, sessile or clawed. Stamens 4-5, inserted with the petals, opposite to them and generally enclosed by them. Anthers versatile. Disk perigynous. Ovary free or immersed in the disk, free from or adherent to the calyx-tube, 3-(2-4)-celled. Ovules in each cell 1 (very rarely 2), erect from the base. Fruit free or adherent at lower third or half with the persistent calyx-tube in Colubrina, completely in Gouania, capsular or drupaceous, 3-coccous or putamen 1-3-celled. Seeds solitary in the cells, erect ; endosperm fleshy, often scanty, rarely none. Embryo large, orthotropous ; cotyledons flat or plano-convex. Species about 500, natives of warm and tropical regions of the world. Leaves 3-nerved. Petals wanting 1. Zizyplius. Leaves penuinerved (3-nerved at base in Colubrina asiatica). Trees or shrubs, not climbing. Fruit superior or half-inferior in Colubrina. Leaves alternate. Petals wanting 2. Krugiodendron. Petals present. Panicles with alternate branches, terminal and axillary. Calyx-tube beneath fruit... 3. Sarcoinphalus. Zizyphus KIIAMXACE.K 63 Panicles with uinbelliform cymules. Calyx-tube forming an adherent cupule round base of fruit. Leaves entire (serrate in C. asiatica) 4. Colubrina. Calyx-tube free beneath fruit. Leaves serrate 5 . PJi amnus. Leaves opposite or subopposite 6. Rhamnidium . Shrubs climbing by tendrils. Fruit inferior, crowned by calyx 7. Gouania. L ZIZYPHUS Juss. Trees (or shrubs). Leaves 3(-5)-nerved ; stipulate. Cymes short, axillary, few-flowered. Flowers small, greenish. Calyx 5-lobed ; tube broadly obconical, persistent beneath the fruit ; C D E Fig. 29. — Zizijphus Chlorozylon Oliv. A, Portion of branch with l^af and C, Unripe fruit cut lengthwise x 3. flowers x ?. D, Ripe fruit, nat. size. B, Flower with two calyx-lobes bent E, Ditto cut across, nat. size. down x G. t',4 FLORA OF JAMAICA Zizyphus lobes triangular-ovate, acute, spreading, keeled on the inside. Petals 5, or wanting in Z. Chloroxylon. Disk 5-cornered, with a free margin. Stamens 5. Ovary immersed in the disk, superior, 2— (3-4)-celled j styles 2-3, or, in Z. Chloroxylon, represented by 3 lobes at top of ovary. Fruit a drupe, putamen l-(3)-celled. Seeds plano-convex ; endosperm scanty or none. Species about 80, natives of tropical regions in Asia and America, fewer in Africa, very few in Australia; some species also occur here and there in subtropical regions. Z. Chloroxylon Oliv. in Kew Bull. (1889) 127, /. & in Hook. Ic. PL t. 1862 (1889). Grossularise fructu arbor 11011 spinosa &c. Sloane Hist. ii. 85. Chloroxylum foliis &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 187, t. 7,/. 1. Laurus Chloroxylon L. Syst. ed. 10, 1010 (1759) A: Amwn. v. 378 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Lid. 285. Ceanothus Chloroxylon Nees Syst. Lanrin. 660 (1836), (Fig. 29.) Specimen from Browne in Herb. Linn, named by Linn se us. Cogwood, Greenlieart. Red Hills, Sloane vi. 94 ! Browne ! Prior \ March ! T. Harrison \ Mocho, Four Paths, Whitney, G. Douct \ Stewart Castle, Duncans, Dewar I Berwick, Port Koyal Mts., 2500 ft. ; Peckham, Clarendon, 2500 ft. ; Harris I Somerset Woods near Mandeville, Harris & Britton ! Fl. Jam. 5652, 10,605, 11,200. A high timber tree with wide-spreading branches, without spines. Leaves 6-18 cm. 1., 4-5-10 cm. br., ovate-elliptical or oblong-elliptical, glabrous, entire; nerves 3, reaching to the apex, somewhat prominent beneath ; petioles 5-12 mm. 1. Inflorescence corymbose, 2 cm. or less, young parts and buds densely yellow-puberulous. Cafo/cc-segments fleshy, two-pitted inside. Fruit subglobular, 16-20 mm. in diarn. ; pericarp hard and brittle. Seed of the same shape, solitary. Z. Jujuba Lam. introduced from the tropics of the Old World, has become naturalized in the Liguanea Plain. It is a small spiny tree ; leaves 2 -5-6 -5 cm. L, roundish to ovate, covered beneath with a dense woolly pale-coloured tomentum ; fruit fleshy and mealy. 2. KRUGIODENDRON Urb. Shrub or tree, without spines. Leaves : lower on the branches generally alternate the upper generally opposite or subopposite, penninerved, subleathery, entire, persistent. Inflorescence cymose, umbel-like, few-flowered, glabrous. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-(4-6)-parted below the middle ; tube very short, flattish, persistent beneath the fruit ; lobes keeled inside, narrowly triangular, acute. Petals wanting. Stamens equal in number to the sepals, anthers opening laterally inwards. Disk a fleshy ring surrounding the base of the ovary. Ovary free, 2-celled in appearance only, the two partitions free from each other and not quite reaching the opposite walls. Ovules 1 in each compart- ment. Styles 2, more or less united. Drupe with scanty flesh ; Krug iodendron RHAMNACE^E 65 putamen thin, bony, almost always 1-celled. Seed with coat adherent to the endocarp ; endosperm none. Cotyledons almost semiglobular. Species 1, native of Florida and Keys, Bahamas, West Indies as far south as St. Vincent. K. ferreum Urb. Symb. Ant. Hi. 314 (1902) k w. 375 ; Britt. & Millxp. Bah. Fl. 256. Rhamuus ferreus VaJd in West St. Croix 276 (1793) (name only) & Symb. Hi. 41, t. 58 (1794). Zizyphus emarginatus Sw. Fl. Ind. Oc-c. 1954 (180^). Ceanothus ferreus DC. Prodr. ii. 30 (1825). Scutia ferrea Brongn. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Fi, free, as long as the petals ; anthers opening laterally inwards in bud ; filaments recurving later. Ovary surrounded by the disk, free ; style simple, shortly 2-lobed. Drupe dry, superior ; putamen 2-celled, thick, bony ; cells 1-seeded. Species 5, natives of the West Indies. S. laurinus Griseb. Fl Br. W. Incl 100 (1859). S. foliis &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 1 71* : A. jRobhtxon If. incd. & ]\T*. Rhamnus D Jf'ig. 31. — Sarcomphalus laurinus Griseli. A Portion of branch with leaves and C, Petal and stamen from the bud x 11. flowers X 3. B, Flower X 7. B, "Flower-hud cut length wise, the petals E, Fruit cut across; c, cell; r, re^in- enclosing the stamens x 7. cell X 2. Sarcomphalus L. Syst. ed. 10, 937 (1759) <\- Amocn. r. 395, 377. Ceanothusl Sarcomphalus DC. Prodi: it. 30 (1825); Macf. Jam. i. 210. (Fig. 31.) A specimen from Browne in Herb. Linn, named by Linnaeus. Sarcomphalus RHAMNACEvE 67 Bastard Lignum Vitae. In fl. Apr. -Aug. ; in fr. July, Aug. ; Wriglit 1 Broughton ! between Kingston and Albion on Windward road, Macfadyen 1 March ! Fort Hen- derson; Liguanea plain; Long Mt. ; Campbell \ Great Goat Is., 150 ft.; sea-coast near Bull Bay; Long Mt., 500 ft.; hill near Ferry, Liguanea plain, 200 ft.; Harris \ Fl. Jam. 5883,6410,6499,6558, 9207,9305, 9571, 9574, 9613, 10,035, 10,384. Tree 12-45 ft. high, to 2J ft. thick ; bark thick, scaly, branchlets some- times sparingly armed with pungent axillary spines, glabrous bub inflor- escence more or less puberulous. Leaves 3-9 cm. 1., ovate to broadly ovate or even roundish or elliptical, apex obtuse, emarginate, leathery, penninerved ; petioles '5-1 cm. 1. Inflorescence and young buds more or less covered with ferruginous tomentum. Panicles shorter than the leaves, puberulous or glabrous; pedicels 2-5-5 mm. 1. Flowers greenish- yellow or tawny-yellow. Calyx about 3'5 mm. 1. ; lobes slightly thickened at apex. Petals 5, about as long as the calyx, acuminate- linear. Stamens recurved in the open flower. Dish white, waxy. Drupe 2-celled, ellipsoidal-globular, about 9 mm. 1., 8 mm. br. Seeds hemi- spherical. The wood is hard, of a dark colour and close grain ; it is looked upon as one of the best timber woods in the island. (Browne.) Var. Faweettii Kr. . Si/mb. Ant. iv. 378 (1910). G. domingensis L. Sp. PL ed. 2, 1663 (1763); Wright Mem. 214; Sw. Obs. Bot. 387 ; Marf. Jam. i. 209 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 101. G. glabra Ja. Ant. iv. 379 ; Britton Fl. Berm. 229; Britt. & Mil'sp. Bah. Fl. 260. Bryonia alba geniculata &c. Sloans Cat. 106 & Hist. i. 233, t. 144, /. 1. Irsiola scandens tfec. Browne Hist. Jam. 147, t. 4, /. 1, 2. Spondylantha aphylla Presl It el. Haenk. ii. 35, t. 53 (1836) (a monstrous form of the inflorescence with branches and flowers in whorls). Vitis sicyoides Morales in Pory Repert. i. 206 (1866) ; Bak. in Fl. Bras. xiv. pt. 2, 202 ; Urb. in Eayl. Jahrb. xv. 324. Type in Herb. Linn. Snake Withe, Wild Yam, Yaws Bush, Bastard Bryony. In fl. after rains throughout the year ; St. Jago de la Vega ; Rio Cobre ! Black River ; SLoane Herb. iv. 89, 90 ! Browne ; Broughton ! Distin \ McNabl Wilson \ Prior; March\ Charlemont, near Ewarton, 1000 ft.; Green Valley, Blue Mts., 1800 ft.; Harrisl Providence road, near Castleton, Thompson ! Port Antonio, Lucea, Hitchcock. Fl. Jam. 6672, 6767,7654. — Bermuda, Florida, Bahamas, West Indies, Margarita, Curacao, Aruba, Tres Marias Is., tropical continental America. Glabrous. Stem with tendrils, climbing or creeping; branches jointed, rounded. Leaves simple, variable, oblong to cordate-ovate, or ovate, base generally subtruncate or wedge-shaped, minutely toothed, teeth bristle-like, far apart, 5-15 cm. 1. Cymes usually shorter than the opposite leaf, forking 2 or 3 times. Flowers small, greenish-yellow or white or purplish. Berry obovoid-globose, black, 8-10 mm. 1. This species climbs to a great height on trees and rocks, sending down bundles of long cord-like tibres, which take root when they reach the ground. Even when the stem is cut across the upper part still survives and roots again by the descending fibres. It is trained to cover arbours, affording a clo-e bhade, remaining green in the driest seasons. Ic is used as an application to sores (e.g. yaws), and as a substitute for adhesive plaster. The leaves bruised in water make a lather like soap. (Macfadyen.) 2. C. trifoliata L Syst. ed. 10, 897 (1759) (uon Sp. PL ed. 2, 170 (1762) which is C. microcarpa Vahl) ; Jacq. Sel. Stirp. Amer. 23 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv 380 ; Brilt. <& Mdlsp. loc. cit. 78 FLnUA OF JAMAICA Cissus Sicyos trifoliata /,. % PL 1013 (1753). Oissus acida /,. ,S>. PZ. ed. 2, 170 (17t>U) : Stf. Ofcs. #of. 49; Jarq. llort. Schocnbr. i. 14, /. 33 (excl. syn. Rumph.) ; Macf. Jam. i. 179; Griscb. loc. cit.: Plauch. torn. cit. 534 (excl. v'ar.) ; Sm«ZZ JY. £#. Z7.& 757. Bryonoides trifoliatum indicum &c. Pink. Pliyt. t. 152, /. 2. Bryonia alba triphylla geniculata, foliis crassis acidis Sloanr Cat. 106 & Hist. i. 233, /. 142, /. 5, 6. Irsiola triphylla scandens et claviculata etc. Browne Hist. Jam. 147. Vitis trifolia minor Ac. P/?*w. PZ. JLmer. (Burm.) 259, /. 259, /. 5. A specimen in Herb. Linn, named C. acida by Linnaeus with a specimen of another species on the same sheet. Sorrel Vine. In fl. May-Sept. ; near St. Jago de la Vega ; Bio Cobre ; Sloaiie, Herb. iv. 87, 88 ! Broughton 1 Distin \ March \ Great Goat Is. ; Cane River valley, 300 ft. ; Great Pedro Bay ; Harris \ Fl. Jam. 9300, 9634, 9939.- Florida and Keys, Cuba, Hispaniola, Mona, Porto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas, St. Cruz, St. Jan, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Colombia, Guiana. Glabrous. Stem climbing with tendrils over shrubs and low trees ; branches somewhat succulent, more or less jointed and flexuose. Leaves with 3 leaflets ; leaflets fleshy, obovate-wedge-shaped, deeply toothed above the middle, 1-5-5 cm. 1. ; teeth close together, spreading. Cymes long- stalked, longer than the opposite leaf. Flowers long-stalked, greenish- yellow or creamy-yellow. Petals slightly hooded at apex. Berry ovoid- globose, mucronate, black, l-(2)-seeded, 6-7 mm. 1. All parts of the plant have an acid taste. This species can be used like the preceding to cover arbours. The monstrous form (Spondylanthd) occurs also in this species. 3. C. mieroearpa Vahl Eclog. i 16 (1796); C. trifoliata L. Sp. PL ed. 2, 170 (1762) (non ed. 1) : Sw. Obs. Bot. 50 ; Macf. Jam. i. 180 ; Griseb. loc. cit. (omitting syn. C. obovata, C. caustica, C. intermedia) ; Planch, torn. cit. 546. C. alatus Jacq. Sel. Stirp. Amer. 23 (1763) -(as regards syn. and hab. Jamaica). Bryonia alba triphylla maxima Sloane Cat. 106 & Hist. i. 233, t. 144, /. 2. Irsiola triphylla scandens, foliis &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 147. Vitis foliis ternatis tfcc. Plum. Ic. ined. Hi. t. 167 & PZ. Amer. (Burm.) 258, t. 259, /. 4. V. trifoliata BaJc. FL Bras, xw.pt. 2, 212, t. 50, /. 2. (Fig. 36.) A specimen in Herb. Linn, named C. trifoliata by Linnaeus. Specimen from Dr. W. Wright, Jamaica, in Herb. Mus. Brit, named C. trifoliata by Swartz. In fl. July-Sept. ; near St. Jago de la Vega, Sloane, Herb. iv. 91 ! Broughtonl Bertero ; Distinl Prior; March; J.P. 1044, 1198, Morris ! Annotta Bay, Thompson \ St. George, 2200 ft. ; near Troy, 2000 ft. ; Green Valley, St. Andrew, 2000 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 6472, 7662, 8759, 12,392.- Cuba, Mexico, Nicaragua, Surinam, Ecuador, Brazil. Glabrous. Stem with few tendrils; climbing over trees, &c., to a length of 90 ft. ; branches below 4-winged, above angled. Leaves with 3 leaflets ; terminal leaflets subrhomboid-elliptical, lateral obliquely ovate, unequal-sided, all mucronate-serrate, 6-10 cm. 1. Cymes many-flowered, shorter than the opposite leaf. Flowers small, red. Petals ovate-oblong, Cissus VITACE^E 79 Fig. 36. — Cissus microcarpa Vahl. A, Leaf and inflorescence X f . B, Flower bud x 4. C, Flower X 5. D, Flower with petals removed, cut lengthwise x 11. E, Ovarv cut across x 11. F, Fruit X 2. G, Ditto cut lengthwise x 2. usually free, sometimes cohering to form a lid. Berry ovoid-globose ; about 8 mm. 1., purple. C. quadrangularis L. Mant. 39 (1767) has 4 wings on the thick fleshy stems, and simple leaves. It was introduced from the East Indies by Mr. Hinton East. C. (?) eueurbitaeea Britton in Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xxxvii. 35-'» (1910). Dry rocky hillside, Fort Henderson, Britton d Hollick, 1812 ; base of Healthshire Hills, climbing to a height of 20 ft. on mangrove, &c., Harris & Britton 1 M. Jam. 10,512. Woody, high-climbing vine. Stem to 7*5 cm. thick at base; twigs and leaves fleshy. Leaves b-10 cm. L, triangular-ovate, cordate, sinus wide open, 5-nerved, pinnately veined, remotely dentate with apiculate teeth, rough on both sides with short stiff hairs, or when old papillose ; petioles 2-3 cm. 1. Tendrils slender, 1-2 dm. 1. Flowers and fruit not known. The position of the tendrils at the side of the leaf-base and the bicollateral vascular bundles suggest that these specimens belong to the GucurbitacecB. 80 FLORA OF JAMAICA Leea Leea sambucina Willd. Sp. i. 1177 (1797) is naturalized in woodland in the neighbourhood of Castleton Gardens. The flowers are small, white, in corymbose cymes opposite the terminal leaf. The 5 stamens are united below into a wide tube, deeply 5-lobed at mouth, adhering below to the tube of the petals ; anthers on inside of tube, alternate with the lobes, united by their edges. The ovary is 6-celled, and berry subglobose flattened at top, purple-black, with 6 seeds. The leaves are bi-ternate, 5-9 dm. 1. FAMILY LXIII. TILIACE^E. Trees, shrubs, or herbs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or subopposite, simple, entire, toothed or lobed. Stipules usually present. Inflorescence axillary or terminal, generally cymulose, cymules sometimes solitary, few-flowered, sometimes in corymbs or panicles. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or sometimes poly- gamous (Elyeocarpus). Sepals 5 (4-7), free, or cohering, or united into a bell-shaped calyx, generally valvate. Petals usually as many as sepals, sepaloid (in Sloanea}, or wanting, inserted round the base of the receptacle. Stamens indefinite, usually borne on a development of the receptacle and free. Anthers 2-celled, opening usually longitudinally or sometimes by a chink at the apex (Sloanea and Elseocarpus). Ovary free, sessile on the recep- tacle or gonophore, 2-10-celled. Style usually simple, awl-shaped, with as many lobes at apex as ovary-cells. Ovules attached to the interior angle of the cells, anatropous or subanatropous. Fruit 2-10-celled, or with only 1 cell developed, or the cells divided longitudinally or transversely by partitions of later growth between the seeds into many cells ; dry, drupe-like or berry-like and not opening, or separating into cocci, or opening by as many valves as true cells. Seeds solitary or indefinite; endosperm fleshy, plentiful or scanty, very rarely wanting. Embryo straight, rarely incurved ; cotyledons ovate or roundish- cordate ; radicle next the hilum. Species 380, dispersed through the world, numerous in the tropics, fewer in temperate regions, wanting in alpine districts and in the arctic and antarctic circles. Herbs or shrubs. Fruit covered with hooked prickles 1. Triumfetta. Fruit a herbaceous capsule 2. Corchorus. Trees. Fruit berry-like 3. Muntingia. Fruit a woody capsule 4. Sloanea. 1. TRIUMFETTA L. Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs, usually with star-shaped hairs. Leaves variable in size and shape, often with 3-5 angles Triumfetta TILIACE.E 81 or lobes, generally irregularly toothed-serrate, teeth sometimes glandular. Flowers yellow, axillary or opposite the leaf, few or Densely clustered, sometimes a terminal raceme or panicle with the leaves becoming small, bract-like, or wanting. Sepals 5, often coloured yellow, the apex more or less concave or hooded (in T. Bartramia shaped like a minute helmet), usually apiculate. Petals 5, sometimes wanting, the base thickened or pitted forming a gland, inserted round the base of the receptacle which is more or less raised and bears the stamens and pistil (gonophore). Stamens indefinite, inserted on the gonophore which is generally 5-glandular and with a saucer-shaped expansion above (disk). Ovarv of 2-5 cells : ovules 2 in each cell ; stigma 2-5-toothed. */ o Fruit subglobose, dry, glabrous, puberulous, or more or less tomentose, covered with prickles, 2-5-celled, often splitting as the pericarp and partition walls decay ; prickles hooked at apex and hispid with minute hairs pointing backwards or glabrous, or pilose. Roadside weeds. Bur -weed, Bur -bush. Species about 150, natives of tropical and subtropical regions. Prickles of fruit glabrous 1. T. Bartramia. Prickles of fruit hispid. Body of fruit glabrous 2. T. semitriloba. Body of fruit tomentose or puberulous witb stellate hairs. Petals present. FruitS-celled 3. T. hispida. Fruit 2-celled 4. T. Sloanei. Petals wanting. Fruit 4-5 mm. in diarn. Stipules 5-6 mm. 1.... 5. T. Lappula. Fruit 2-2 '5 mm. in diam. Stipules 2-5 mm. 1. 6. T. heterophylla. 1. T. Bartramia L. Syst, ed. 10, 1044 (1759); leaves with minute stellate hairs on upper surface, stellate-torn entose beneath, usually soft to the touch; stipules 3-5 mm. 1., linear-awl-shaped, glabrate on both sides with ciliate margins ; flower-bud broader near the apex than below and 5-lobed ; sepals hairy outside, apex helmet-like, long apiculate ; fruit 3 mm. in diam., tomentose, prickles glabrous, half as long as diam. of fruit, or less. — Fawc. tt Rendle in Journ. Bot. lix. 224. T. villosa &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 233. T. rhomboidea Jacq. Enitm. PI. Carib. 22 (1760); Sel. Stirp. Amer. 147, t. 90, & Ed. pict, t. 134; Lindl. Coll. Bot. t. 29; Macf. Jam. i. Ill; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Lid. 96; Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. i. 227 ; Masters in Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 257 (in part) & in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. i. 395 ; K. Scltum. in Fl. Bras. xii. pt. 3, 132, t. 27, /. 1 ; Trim. FL Ceyl. i. 179 ; Sprague & Hutch, in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxix. 266 ; Small FL S.E. U.S. ed. '2, 1351. T. rhombesefolia Sw. Prodr. 76 (1788) ; Wright Mem. 274. T. indica Lam. Encyc. Hi. 420(1789)? T. rhombifolia Sw. FL V. G 82 FLORA OF JAMAICA Triumfctta Intl. Occ. 863 (1798). Lappula Benghalensis tkc. Phik. Plnji. t. 41, /'. 5. I'.artramia indica L. Sp. PL 389 (1753). B. Lappago Gur'rin. Fruct. it. 137, t. Ill (1791). (Fig. 37) Type in Herb. Hermann in Herb. Mus. Brit. Two specimens in Herb. Linn, named by Linnaeus. Specimen from Jacquin in Herb. Mu--. Brit. Paroquet Bur. Wriyhtl Macfadyen\ Wilson \ Mt. Diablo; Hope estate; Prior \- Found throughout the tropics, naturalized in Florida. Undcrshrub or perennial herb, to 3 ft. and more high. Leaves 4-8 (2-5-9) cm. 1., broadly ovate or rhomboid, 3-5(-7)-nerved, often some- Fig. B7.—Triumfetta Bartramia L. A, Portion of flowering branch X g. D, Fruit x 4. B, Flower-bud x 4. E, Prickle from fruit X 11. C, Flower cut lengthwise X 4. F, Fruit cut across X 4. (A after K. Schumann.) what 3-lobed, irregularly toothed, teeth sometimes glandular. Sepals 6-8 mm. 1., narrowly oblong. Petals two-thirds as long as sepals, obovate- oblanceolate. Stamens about 15. Ovary of 2 or 3 cells, with 1 or 2 ovules in each cell, secondary walls arise between the ovules if two develop in a cell, so that an ovary may become 4- or 6-celled. Gonophore and ring present. Fruit 2-6-celled ; partition walls not easily recognised, as they are soft and soon decay, liberating the seeds ; seed-coats hard. The bark soaked for 8 or 10 days in water, then washed and dried, makes a white strong hemp. (Wright.) 2. T. semitriloba Jacq. Enum. 22 (1760) (excl. syn.), Sel. Stirp. Amer. 147 & Hort. Vindob. Hi. t. 76 (omitting the fruit); Triumfetta TILIACEyE 83 leaves generally 'stellate-tomentose and soft to the touch on both sides; stipules 5-8 mm. 1., base deltoid to lanceolate, awl-shaped above, glabrous on upper surface, hirsute beneath ; sepals scarcely hooded, shortly apiculate, with minute stellate hairs outside or glabrescent; pistil: parts in threes; fruit 4-5 mm. in diam., glabrous, 3-celled, partition walls bony, thick ; prickles hispid. - L. Mant. 73 ; Macf. Jam. i. 110 ; Masters in Hook. f. FL Brit. Ind. i. 396 ; K. Srftum. torn. cit. 134 ; Small FL S.E. U.S. 760 ; Sprague & Hutch, torn. cit. 262 ; Britton FL Berm. 231 ; Britton & Millsp. Bali. FL 263 ; Faivc. & Hendle torn. cit. 225. T. Lappula Hemsl. Bot. Chall. Exp. Bermuda 23 (non L.}. Lappula Bermudensis &c. Pink. Plnjt. t. 245, /. 7. Specimen from Plukenet in Herb. Sloane xcvi. 128, and specimens from Hort. Yindob. without fruit in Herb. Mus. Brit. Houstoun ! Wright \ Distin \ St. Mary, McNab \ Wilson ! Moneague, Priori near Cinchona, J.P. 939, 1144, Morris ! near Ewarton, 950 ft., Harris ! FL Jam. 6617 ; Port Morant ; Port Antonio ; Porus ; Lucea ; Hitchcock; Newcastle and road thither; Mt. Diablo; Ridley I — Florida, Bermuda, Bahamas, West Indies, tropical continental America, Mauritius, Tenasserirn. Undershrub or herb woody below, 2-7 ft. high, and more ; stems above tornentellous or more or less with silky hairs. Leaves 4-10 (2-5-20) cm. 1., broadly ovate, subcordate, 3-lobed or 3-angled, the middle lobe larger 3-5(7)-nerved, upper leaves ovate to oblong and lanceolate or linear- oblong, apex generally acuminate, irregularly toothed, teeth sometimes subglandular. Sepals 5-8 mm. 1., narrowly oblong. Petals somewhat shorter than the sepals, oblong-oblanceolate. Stamens 15-25, filaments generally hairy at base. Carpels 3, gonophore and disk present. Seeds I or 2 in each cell. 3. T. hispida A. Bicli. in Sar/ra Cub. x. 81 (1845); leaves pubescent — mostly with long simple hairs and sometimes minute stellate hairs, on upper surface, stellate-tomentose beneath ; stipules 6-7 mm. 1., lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous on upper surface, hairy beneath ; sepals long apiculate, with whitish villose down outside ; carpels 3 ; fruit 3-4 mm. in diarn., tomen- tose, 3-6-celled, prickles hispid. — Grisel. in Bonplandia (1858) 3 & FL Br. W. Lid. 96. Wright ! Broughton \ Bancroft ! Spanish Town road, HcNab \ March \ Hope estate, Prior 1 Norbrook, Liguanea plain, 600 ft., Campbell ! FL Jam. 6123 ; Constant Spring, Ridley ! — Cuba, Isle of Pines, Hispaniola, Yucatan, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador. Undershrub. Leaves 2'5-7 cm. L, ovate, with or without 3 angles or lobes, acute or acuminate, irregularly toothed, teeth sometimes glandular. Sepals 5-8 mm. 1. (and more), linear-oblong. Petals somewhat shorter than the sepals, narrowly elliptical narrowing towards the base. Stamens about 20. Gonophore and disk present. 4. T. Sloanei Fawc. & Eendle in Journ. Bot. lix. 225 (1921); leaves with minute stellate hairs on the upper surface, stellate- tomentose beneath, usually soft to the touch ; stipules thread- 84 FL01JA OF JAMAICA Trinmfi-lfn like with a short lanceolate base, hispid; sepals linear, apex incurved slightly but not hooded, shortly apiculate, puberulous outside: rarprls '2 ; fruit 3-3 '5 mm. in cliam., tomentose, 2-celled ; prickles hispid, two-thirds as long as diain. — Agrimonia lappacca £sul. linear. ais hut minutely puhrrulou^ along tin; lino of si>p:i rat i<>n hot \\. -I'll the vaht - : transverse divisions wanting, bui somctinu .•> indicn by line-.. N. ;:lar with truncate ends, bln<'-hla<-l:. al>"Ut 1 mm. 1. I', rowings description docs n«i with the UST] '! I lowering spd-im Linnauis (N/i. /'/'. . ,/. •_'. TK'.'i appears to think that his description refers to 1 lowers in th> •2. C. orinoeensis //". ./;. »t A'. JVow. ^-//. ,!• ,S>. p. 337 (IS-J3) ; Icaxt's with tci'tli equal; calyx 7-N mm. 1. : capsule -"'-\alved, ulaljrous. \\ ith erect beak and transverse partitions. — Urb. Sijinl. Ani ic. .IS^. C. pilobolus (inrt. mult. (11011 L'nik, fide Urban). C. hirtus var. orinoeensis K. Srltu)n. in FJ. I'>r, 127 (1886). (Fig. 38.) Yallev of Rio Cobre, Priori Kingston, Grablifim\ Hope Ground-, 700 ft., Harris \ Fl. Jam. 6856.— Cuba, Porto Rico, Guadeloupe, Dominica, St. Vincent, Curacao, Arizona, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia. A, Portion of stem in flower x §. B, Flower X 3. C, Capsule cut across before splitting X5. Fig. 38. — Corchorus orinoeensis H. B. & K. D, Capsule opened and most of the seeds fallen out, nat. size. E, Seed cut lengthwise x 11. F, Ditto cut across X 11. Cor chorus TILIACE.E 87 Herb, woody below, with 1 or 2 branches, to 3 ft. high, densely puberulous on one side, at length glabrate. Leaves 3-10 cm. 1., ovate to lanceolate, acuminate, on branches often narrowly elliptical, glabrous, but middle nerve generally with a few hairs; petioles 9-13 mm. 1., densely puberulous on the upper surface ; stipules 3-4 mm. 1., thread-like, puberulous. Peduncles 1-flowered, 3-4 mm. 1. in flower, 5-6 mm. 1. in fruit, puberulous, at length glabrate, generally 2 together. Petals 4-5 mm. 1. Ovary 3-celled. Capsule 4-6 cm. 1., linear-cylindrical; beak 4-5 mm. 1. Seeds about 1*2 mm. 1., of irregular-cubical shape, somewhat angular, black. Kunth described the capsule as 2-celled without mention of transverse partitions, but in all the specimens that we have seen, it is as described above. Urban, who has seen the type specimen, has determined the specimens from Prior and Harris as C. orinocensis. The species is closely allied to the widely distributed Old World C. trilocularis L. 3. C. hirsutus L. Sp. PL 530 (1753) ; leaves with teeth equal ; sepals 6 mm. 1. ; capsule 4-celled, woolly with a short erect beak. Plum. PL Amer. (Burm.) t. 104; Jacq. SeL /8'fr'rp. Amer. 165 & Ed. pict. t. 157 ; Griseb. loc. cit. ; Urb. loc. cit. ; Britt. & Mittsp. Bah, FL 262. C. lanuginosus Macf. Jam. L 108 (1837). Liguanea, Broughtonl on Windward road between Albion and the eleventh milestone ; near Mocha House, St. David's ; Macfadyen ! Me Nab ! Wilson ! gravel of Falls river, Prior ! March ! Kings House, J. P. 13ol, Morris 1 Liguanea plain ; Rock Fort ; Campbell ! Mona woodland, Harris ! Fl. Jam. 5780, 5888, 6253, 6543.— Bahamas, West Indies, tropical Africa. There is an interpolated specimen in Sloane's Jamaican Herbarium vol. iv. before fol. 58, but there is no evidence that it came from Jamaica. Undershrub 2-5 ft. high, covered with soft star-shaped pubescence. Leaves 2-4*5 (6) cm. L, oblong-ovate, lanceolate, or elliptical. Peduncle bearing a cluster of 2-6(-8) pedicels. Sepals oblong-lanceolate. Petals obovate, about as long as the sepals. Stamens indefinite, shorter than the petals, with the ovary on a slightly raised receptacle, which is saucer- shaped ; anthers versatile. Ovary 4-celled. Capside 12 mm. 1., oblong- ellipsoidal, " oblong-conical, curved so as to resemble the form of the cornucopia.'" (Macfadyen.) Seeds irregularly ellipsoidal, smooth, 1-5-2 mm. L, black. [C. olitorius L. Sp. PL 529 (1753); leaves with the two lowest teeth pointing backward, and ending in a long bristle ; calyx 7-8 mm. 1. ; capsule 5-celled, beak long, erect, valves with transverse partitions between the seeds. — Lam. Encyc. //. 103 & Illustr. t. 478; Gaertn. Fruct. 308, t. 64; Bot. Mag. t. 2810; Macf. Jam. i. 108 ; Masters in Oliv. FL Trop. Afr. L 262 & in Hook. f. FL Br. Lid. i. 397; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 97; K. Sclmm. in FL Bras. xii. pt. 3, 126 ; Watt Diet. Econ. Prod. Ind. & Comm. Prod. Ind. ; Britt. <0 Mittsp. Bali. FL 262. Alcea cibaria &c. Phik. Pliyt. t. 127, /. 3. Specimen in Herb. Linn, named by Linmeus. Jews Mallow. Naturalized, Black River, Harris! Fl. Jam. 9961, 12,499.— Wild and cultivated in India and tropical Africa, naturalized or cultivated in most tropical countries. Specimens in Plukenet's Herbarium in Herb. Sloane xcv. 28 ; xcix. 37 ! 88 FLORA OF JAMAICA Corchorus Annual herb, 1-9 ft. high ; stems woody at the base, usually glabrous. Leave* 7-10 (2-12) cin. 1., oblong-ovate, apex acute, base usually truncate, glabrous. Flowers solitary or 2 together. Petals as long as, or longer than, the sepals. Capsule 5-7 cm. 1., with the projections made by the seeds distinct, prominent. Seeds l'5-2 Him. 1., brownish, triangular- rhoniboidal, roughish with raised lines. This species is used as a pot-herb ; the leaves afford a substitute for spinach. In India the emollient leaves are used in infusion as a refrigerant in fevers and also in dysentery ; the dried plant toasted and powdered is used in visceral obstructions. The commercial fibre, jute, is obtained from this species and from C. capsularis L.J 4. C. sestuans L. Syst. cd. 10, 1079 (1759) & Amoen. v. 379 ; leaves with the two lowest teeth equal to the rest or one or both ending in a bristle ; calyx 3-4 mm. 1. ; capsule 3-celled, 6-angled with 2 or 3 of the angles winged, beak with 3 entire or 2 -fid horns, horns becoming horizontal, transverse partitions indicated by raised lines. — Jacq. Hort. Vindob. t. 85 ; Lam. Encyc. ii. 104 & Illustr. t. 478 ; Gaertn. Fruct. 308, t. 64 ; DC. Prodr. i. 504 ; Macf. Jam. i. 107 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 97 ; Fawc. & Rendle in Journ. Bot. lix. 225. C. coreta Elmgren, Amoen. v. 398. C. acutangulus Lam. loc. cit. ; DC. Prodr. i. 505 ; Wiglit Icon. t. 739 ; Mast, in OUu. Fl. Trop. Afr. & in Rook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. i. 398; Griseb. loc. cit.; K. ScJium. in Fl. Bras. xii. pt. 3, 125, t. 26, /. 2; Urb. Symb. Ant. w. 381 ; Small Fl. S.E. U.S. 1351. C. campestris Macf. Jam. i. 107. Lysimachia non papposa cV:c. Phil-. Plnjt. t. 44, /.I. C. olitorius L. (FL Zeyl 213, speci- mens in Herb. Hermann). Triumfetta subvillosa &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 232, t. 25, /. 1. Type, Browne's specimen, in Herb. Linn. Broivne ! Rock Fort, BrougJiton ! Macfadyen. Plukenet's specimens in Herb. Sloane xciii. 11 ; xcvi. 168 ! Tropics of both worlds. Annual or perennial herb ; stem woody at the base, hairy all over or along one line. Leaves 3-7 (2-8) cm. L, ovate, sometimes roundish, rarely oblong-lanceolate, acute, base rounded, petioles hairy. Flowers 2-3-clustered. Sepals broader above. Petals 3-4 mm. L, obovate-elliptical, shortly clawed. Capsule l'5-2'5(-3) cm. L, glabrous. Seeds disk-like, thick, scarcely angular, dark brown, usually less than 1 mm. 1. 3. MUNTINGIA L. Small tree, with stellate hairs. Leaves alternate, simple, toothed, stipulate. Peduncles 1-flowered, 2 or 3 together, axillary or supra-axillary. Sepals and petals 5 (6, 7). Stamens indefinite, free, inserted round the outside of the cup-like disk. Ovary surrounded by hairs. Cells of the ovary and berry 5 (6, 7) ; placenta in each cell hanging from the apex. 2-cleft, densely covered with numerous ovules ; stigma sessile, sublobed. Fruit a berry. Seeds very small, enclosed in pulp ; embryo in the Muntingia TILIACE.-E 89 middle of endosperm, straight ; cotyledons small, continuous with the thick radicle. Species 1, native of Jamaica, Cuba, Is. of Pines, Hispaniola, Trinidad, and tropical continental America. M. Calabura L. Sp. PL 509 (1753) & Amam. v. 379 ; Jacq. Sel. Stir p. Amer. 166, t. 107 & Ed. plct. t. 158; Gaertn. Fruct. i. B Fig. 39.— Muntingia Calabura L. F A, Portion of flowering branch X §. B, Flower cut lengthwise X 2. C, Ovary maturing, cut across, showing the 2-cleft placenta, x 4. across below to show how it is folded X 4. E, Fruit cut lengthwise x 3. F, Fruit cut across X 3. D, Ditto cut lengthwise to expose the G, Seed cut lengthwise, enlarged. placenta, one branch of which is cut (F, G after Karsten.) 285, t. 59 ; Swartz Obs. Sot. 211 ; Tussac Fl Ant. iv. 59, t. 21 ; Descourt. FL Ant. v. 243, t. 308; Macf. Jam. L 111 ; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 98; Karst. FL Col. u. 55, t. 128; K. Sclium. in Fl. 90 FLORA OF JAMAICA M'i>nfimjirt. Cli/. L'02 (1737). M. fruticosa &c. Browne Hist. Jam. "1 1-5. M. rosea Karst. !<><'. rif. (186_). Loti arboris folio angustiore Arc. Sfoane Oat. 1G2 & ///V. //. 8l), /. 194, /. 1. (Fig 39.) Specimens in Hurt. Cliff, in Herb. Mtis. Brit, and in Herb. Linn. In H. and fr. throughout the year; near Ferry and Guanaboa, Sloane Herb. vi. 80! Houstounl Brounhton\ Shak spear \ Macfadyenl McNabl Wilson; dry bed, Falls river, Priori Miu-cli\ J.P. 684, Jenman\ Green Valley, .Vo/ris! also Cradicickl Liguanea plain, GOO ft., Campbell \ also 700 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 5717, 6555.— Cuba, Is. of Pines, Hispaniola, St. Vincent, Trinidad, tropical continental America. Tree 10-40 ft. high, or shrub ; branchlets densely covered with villose hairs, generally mixed with glandular hairs. Leaves 4-11 cm. 1., oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, base oblique, seinicordate, puberulous or glabrate on upper surface, tomentose beneath with stellate hairs; petiole 2-6 mm. 1. ; stipules linear, longer than the petiole. Pedicels 1-2 '5 cm. 1. Sepals 8-12 mm. L, lanceolate, with thread-like acumen. Petals white, sometimes rosy, about as long as, or slightly longer than, the sepals, obovate. Stamens half as long as the petals. Berry red, globose, crowned by the prominent stigmas, about 12 mm. in diam. 4. SLOANEA L. Trees. Leaves alternate or subopposite, entire or toothed, penninerved ; petiole swollen just below blade ; stipules soon falling. Flowers solitary or in racemes, panicles or clusters axillary or terminal. Calyx-segments 4-5, valvate (or imbricate). Petals none or 1-4, imbricate. Stamens indefinite, covering the broad disk between the petals and the ovary ; anthers linear, opening by a chink. Ovary 3-5-celled ; ovules several in each cell. Style simple (or divided into 5 branches). Capsule woody, or leathery, densely covered with bristles, or velvety, 5-3(l)-celled, loculicidal. Seeds 1-8 or indefinite, pendulous, with an aril ; endosperm present ; cotyledons broad, somewhat fleshy. Species over 60, natives of tropics. S. jamaieensis Hook. Ic. PL tt. 693-696 (1844); Griseb. FL Br. W. Ltd. 98 ; Bentli. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 2,71 (1861). S. foliis &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 250. S. emargiiiata L. Amcen. v. 379 (1760) (non Sp. PL). Sloana Plum. Nov. PL Amer. Gen. 48, /. 15. (Fig. 40.) Break-axe tree, Iron Wood, Lignum durum. In fl. March, Sept. ; young fr. in Feb. ; St. Ann ; Manchester ; Hanover ; Purdie \ Albion Pen, St. Ann, Prior ! Ramble, Claremont, Fawcett & Harris \ Marshall's Pen, Mandeville, 2200 ft. ; near Troy, 2200 ft. ; Holly Mount, Mt. Diablo, 2500 ft.; Croft's Mountain, Clarendon, 2500 ft.; Harris I John Crow (Blake) Mts. 1700 ft. Harris & Britton ! Fl. Jam. 6375, 7028, 8694, 8877, 10,760, 11,211. Type in Herb. Kew. Tree to 100 ft. high and more, often 4 ft. in diarn. Leaves elliptical, sometimes obovate, apex shortly acuminate, sometimes obtuse, glabrous, entire, or near apex wavy-toothed, 1-2 din. 1. ; petiole l'5-3'5 cm. 1. Sloanea TILTACE^ 91 Flowers yellowish-brown, solitary in axils of leaves near the ends of branches. Peduncle, l'5-3 cm. 1., much increased in thickness in fruit. Calyx 4-parted nearly, or quite, to the base ; segments broadly ovate, shortly acuminate, somewhat leathery, velvety-puberulous on both sides, 12-17 mm. 1. Petals oblong, or oblong-ovate, subacuminate, sometimes toothed, inserted under the hypogynous disk, with texture and hairiness of the calyx. Disk fleshy. Stamens shorter than the petals ; filaments Fig. 40. — Sloanea jamaicensis Hook. A, Apex of twig with leaves and C, Ovary cut across x 4. flowers x i. D, Capsule X ^. B, Flower cut lengthwise X 2. E, Seed cut lensthwise. (D, E after Hooker.) very short, silky; anthers linear, terminal, apiculate, 2-celled, cells opening near the apex. Style awl-shaped, overtopping the stamens ; stigma acute. Capsule 10-11 cm. 1., 8-10 cm. in diam., somewhat spherical with indications of 4 or 5 angles, woody, very hard and thick, 4-5-valved, 4-5-celled, the outside covered with straight bristles. Seeds 2 or more in each cell, covered with a yellowish fleshy aril. FLOKA UK JAMAICA FAMILY LXIV. .M AIA'AC 'KyE. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves jiltemate, generally palmati- nervecl ; stipules free. Peduncles axill;uy and l-flowered, or in rat-emes. clusters, or panicles, sometimes \vrv short or the flowers -essile. Bracteoles sometimes none or minute at the joint of the peduncle, sometimes 3 or more, close to. or adherent to the calyx, in a whorl or united cup-like, forming the " involucel," like an outer calyx. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or very rarely cliF .'AMAH A fru'. - ;u. 1. Calyx 3-4 mm. 1., divided .ihout halfway into ovate- tri.m-uhir li>i><'<. / 1(-G) mm. 1., ycil-v, . ( ',//-.s////' S 10 mm. in diam., Mi'p. . ; carpels , um. 1., beak acui; .hit •5-1*0 mm. 1. Sf'ds about 2 mm. ID d'-im., upper •jlnlx, haped, dotted and with minute white hairs, low ir ^ubovoid, truncate abuvu, with longer white hai .">. W. contracta -R. -#. jFnV* //> N/-, //>•/,-. T7>/,/. 24 (1908); ZTrfc. £////,/,. 4/rf. nit, 41 L'. \\". hernandioidea et rostrata curt, (in part). Sida con- tracta LiWi- !?«»«/. tforf. BeriJ. H. 204 (1822). S. Luciana DC. Prodr. i 4C»s (1*24). Abutilou lucianuin Sweet Hurt. Jirit. i. 53 (1826) ; Urb. Symb. Ant. v. 415. A. periploeifolium Don (3 albicau> Griseb. FL Br. W. LuL 77 (1859). St. Andrew's Mts., Pnrdie !^St. Lucia, Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad, Guatemala, Venezuela, Guiana, Brazil. Shrub, younger parts tornentellous. Leaves 7 (3-12) cm. 1. ; roundish or ovate, acuminate, base cordate, bay open and acute, to 1 cm. deep, margin entire, on both sides with very minute stellate hairs, on upper surface at length glabrescent, beneath white-tonientellous and soft to the touch, 7(9)-nerved, nerves and veins prominent beneath ; petiole 5 (1-9) cm. 1. ; stipules linear-lanceolate or linear, 3-7 mm. 1. Flowers in a cylindrical contracted panicle; peduncles flowering -5 cm. 1. or less, fruiting 1-1 '5 cm. 1. Calyx 3-3' 5 mm. 1., divided about halfway into ovate-triangular lobes. Petals 3 '5-4 mm. 1., (when dry) pale yellow or white. Capsule 6-9 mm. in diarn., subglobose or above more or less truncate, minutely puberulous, not obviously constricted ; cells not divided; carpids 3-6, 6-7 nmi. 1., point -5-1 mm. 1. Seeds 2-2 '5 mm. 1., 2 nun. br., all similar, globose-pear-shaped, glabrous or more or less covered with stellate hairs, hairy at the hilurn. B. Cells of the ovary with 1 ovule. Carpels with 1 seed. 4. W. Fadyenii Planch, ex jR. E. Fries in Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. xliii. no. 4, 30, t. I,/. 1-2, t. 6, /. 2-4 (1908) ; W. divergens E. G. Bak. torn. cit. 69 (1893) (in part). Alcea populifolio, incano &c. Sloane Cat. 98 & Hist. i. 222 (in part). Sida peri- plocifolia Macf. Jain. i. 85 (1837) (non L.) (excl. syn. Browne, Sw., Bich.). S. divergens Griseb. FL Br. W. Lid. 77 (1859) (non Benth.). Specimen from Browne in Herb. Linn, on sheet (right hand) named by Linnaeus Sida periplocifolia. Type specimen from Macfadyen in Herb. Kew named by Planchon. Sloane Herb. iv. 64, no. 2 and Ixxxii. 39 ! Browne \ Macfayden \ Distin \ McNab ! Kingston, Prior ! Kingston, Hitchcock ; Hope grounds, 700 ft. ; near Grove, 800 ft. ; Pedro Bluff ; Harris \ Fl. Jam. 6651, 6830, 9722. — Trinidad, Colombia. Undershrub 1 to 4 ft. high, younger parts with yellow-brownish stellate hairs. Leaves 5-8 (10) cm. L, ovate-triangular, narrowing gradually into a long tip, base truncate or cordate, margin entire, upper surface covered with very minute white stellate hairs, sometimes subglabrous, beneath densely tomentose and soft to the touch, with larger stellate hairs interspersed, 5-7-nerved, nerves and veins prominent beneath ; petioles from very short to 4 cm. 1. ; stipules 4-5 mm. 1., thread-like. Floiuers in Wissadula MALVACEAE 97 the axils of the upper leaves and on a large terminal panicle ; peduncles 1-5-3 cm. 1., in axillary flowers to 5 cm. 1. Calyx 3-3 -5 mm. 1., divided about halfway into triangular lobes, purplish. Petals tawny-yellow or orange, 4-5 nim. 1. Capsule about G mm. in diam. ; carpels minutely puberulous, 4 mm. 1., point about -5 mm. 1. Seed one only, about 2 mm. 1., hirtellous, densely so towards the hilurn. 2. ABUTILON Gaertn. Herbs or shrubs, some few trees, usually with tomentum soft to the touch. Leaves generally cordate. Flowers mostly axillary. Bracteoles of iiivolucel none. Calyx o-lobed. Ovary with 5 or more cells ; style-branches with stigmas at the apex ; ovules 3-9 in each cell. The ripe carpels united at the base or completely separating, 2-valved. Seeds, upper usually ascending, the lower pendulous or horizontal, somewhat kidney-shaped. Species about 150, natives of tropical and subtropical regions, some being widely dispersed. Carpels with 3 ovules or seeds in each. Petals erect'or spreading, not reflexed. Flowers corymbose or subumbellate at ends of branches. Petals 8 mm. 1 1. A. umbellatum. Flowers solitary, sometimes also corymbose or racemose at ends of branches. Plant viscous-glandular. Petals nearly 2 cm. 1. 2. A. liirtum. Plant not glandular. Fruit light yellow, with long white simple hairs, globose- inflated 3. A. crispum. Fruit not as in A. crispum. Leaves beneath tomentose with very minute stellate hairs. Fruit tomentose with large stellate hairs, 12 mm. 1 4. A. indicum. Fruit villose, 14-15 mm. 1 5. A. leiospermum. Leaves beneath tomentose with somewhat long stellate hairs. Fruit villose, 9 mm. 1. 6. A. pcrmolle. Leaves beneath tomentose with large and small stellate hairs. Fruit tomentose with minute hairs, 15 mm. 1 7. A. amcricannm. Petals reflexed. Flowers in a panicle 8. A. gigantciun. Carpels with 6-8 ovules or seeds in each 9. .-1. pauciflorum. 1. A. umbellatum Sn-cet Hort. Brit. /. 53 (1826) ; leaves on both sides with minute stellate hairs, denser beneath ; flowers corymbose or subumbellate, corymbs becoming crowded at the ends of stem and branches ; calyx 5-6 mm. 1. ; carpels 5-7, each with 3 ovules or seeds, ripe 6-7 mm. 1., hirsute-tomentose, awned conspicuously, awns about 2 mm. 1. ; seeds '"" brown, with very minute tessellate markings' and scattered yellow tubercles. Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 78 ; K. SrJtiim. In FL Bras. .ili. pi. 3, 373 ; * The seeds of species of Abutilon are described as seen under a com- pound microscope with a two-third in. objective. V. ii FU>J;A UK JAMAICA nfiluit Si/mb. Ani. ic. 384 iV /•///. lull. Sida uinlieilata L. >'//.-/. <•(/. 10, 11-1.". (1759) A- Amcen. v. -1U1, ::so; Jar.j. 11,,,-t. y;,,,': (. :»G : Cav. Dies. i. i'S, /. G,/. :'. ^ /-. 275, /. L29,/, 2. Specim.-n from J'.n>\\nr in Herb. Linn, named in Solandcr's hand. Lironghtoii ! St. George, McXab ! K'ingston, J'ri<»-\ Wind- ward Road; Campbell I Fl. Jam. 5970. — West Indies, Mexico, Colons YfiH'/uela, Peru. II, rb, annual or perennial, H-2^ ft. high, woody at the base, young branches, also petioles, villose-tomentose. Leaves 3-7 (2-11) cm. L, rouudisli to ovate, occasionally somewhat 3-lobed, more or less shortly arid abruptly acuminate, base cordate or subtruncate, 7(9)-nerved, crenate-serrate ; petioles nearly as long as blade below, less than half above ; stipules 5-7(-10) mm. 1., linear, acute. Bracts 2-3 mm. 1. Calyx tomentose, divided halfway or more into ovate-triangular lobes, acute or very shortly acuminate. Petals 8 mm. L, yellow, white-hairy at base. Seeds about 2 mm. 1. 2. A. hirtum Sweet Hort. Brit, i 53 (1826) ; plant glutinous- hairy ; leaves on both sides soft to the touch, stellate-tornentose with some long simple hairs besides, on upper surface glabre- scent ; flowers solitary, axillary, more or less corymbose at ends of branches : calyx 1 • 3-1 • 6 cm. 1. ; carpels about 20, each with 3 ovules or seeds, ripe 1-1 • 2 cm. L, blunt or very shortly apicu- late, tomentose with moderately long stellate hairs or glabre- scent ; seeds dark brown, covered with minute pit-markings, with numerous minute stellate hairs, densely covered near hilum with larger stellate hairs. — Mast, in Oliv. FL Trop. Afr. !. LS7 : K. SrJnun. torn. cit. 384; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 385 & viii. 409; Small Fl. S.E. U.S. 763; Britt. d- Millsp. Bali. FL 265. A. indicum v. hirtum Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 78 (1859). A. graveo- lens v. hirtum Mast, in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. i. 327 (1874); E. G. BaJc, torn. cit. 213. Sida hirta Lam. Encyc. i. 7 (1783). Distin ! McNab ! Morant Baj^, Wilson ! Moneague, Prior ! Liguanea plain, 100 ft., Campbell\ near Mico College, Kingston, Harris I Fl. Jam. 6099, 8869. — Florida and Keys, Bahamas, Wrest Indies, trop. Africa, south- eastern Asia. Slirnb or perennial herb, 3-10 ft. high, flowering in its first year, flowering branches with three kinds of hairs — very short stellate, glutinose, and long wrhite hairs. Leaves 3-10 cm. L, roundish to roundish-ovate, sometimes indistinctly 3-lobed, apex mucronulate, obtuse, acute, or shortly acuminate, base cordate, 7-9-nerved, irregularly serrate or crenate ; petioles 3-10 cm. 1. ; stipules 7-9 mm. L, linear-lanceolate, for some time per- sistent. Peduncles 2-5 cm. 1., glutinous-hairy like the branches, jointed above the middle. Calyx divided about halfway into triangular apiculate lobes. Petals to nearly 2 cm. 1., very broadly subrhomboid-obovate, very oblique, apex subretuse, the basal margin hairy, tawny-yellow or orange with a reddish spot at the base. Staminal tube stellate-hairy. Seeds 2 '5-3 mm. in diam., dark brown. 3. A. erispum Medic. Malv. 29 (1787) ; leaves on both sides soft to the touch, more or less tomentose with very minute stellate hairs, denser beneath ; flowers axillary, solitary, rarely Abutilon MALVACE.-E 99 with an additional peduncle from the same axil ; calyx 4-8 mm. 1. ; fruit yellowish, inflated, globose, of about 12 carpels, each with 3(-l) seeds, ripe 10-15 mm. 1., with minute scattered down and usually long, subspiny hairs ; seeds brown-black, with shallow pit markings, and a few minute hairs adpressed. — Sweet Hort. Brit. i. 53 ; Wight Icon. t. 68 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. In>.l 79 ; Mast, in Hool: f. Ft. Brit. lad. i. 327 ; A. Gr. G^n. Fl. Amer. t. 126 ; K. Schum. torn, cit, 382, t. 70; E. G. Bale. torn. cit. 213; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 385. A. vesicarium crispum &c. DHL Hort. Eltli, 6, /. 5. A. aliud vesicarium generally longer than the petioles. Calyx cut nearly to the broadly ovate, subcordate, acuminate, sharply pointed lol> !d \~1 mm. 1., yellow, obovate. .SV/W.s _!-2'5 mm. in diam. A decoction of the leaves is used in <>f diarrhn a. 8. A. giganteum Direct I fort. J!/if. L '».'> (l.^i'O): leaves on both sides soft to the touch, upper surface with stellate hair- intermixed with simple, beneath tomentose, with simple hairs on nerves and veins; flowers solitary, axillary, each with a flowering shoot arising during flowering, forming axillary and terminal panicles, sometimes the solitary flowers are wanting; calyx about 1 cm. 1. ; petals at length refiexed ; carpels 8-14, each with 3 ovules or seeds, ripe 1 cm. 1., tomentose, shortly beaked ; seeds black or brown, with pit markings and short white hairs tuberculate at base. — K. Sclturn. toin. cit. 394. A. elatum Grisdt. FL Br. II'. LuL 79 (1859). Sida gigantea Jacq. Hort. S<-li< < nlr. ii. 8, t. 141. S. elata Macf. Jam. i. 87. Jacquin's specimen figured in Hort. Schoenbr. t. 141 is in Herb. Mus. Brit. Below Pimento Grove, St. David, Macfadycn ; sea-coast, Westmoreland, 1'nrdicl Wilson \ J. P. 1054, Morris ! — Cuba, Trinidad, Central America, Colombia, Peru. Herb or slinib 6 to 15 ft., above (and petioles) tomentose, often also with long hairs, soft to the touch. Leaves 6-11 (2-20) cm. 1., roundish- ovate, occasionally sub-3-lobed, acuminate, base cordate, 9-nerved, nerves and veins prominent and produced into teeth ; petioles often longer than the blade; stipules 3-4 mm. 1. Calyx divided below the middle into lanceolate-triangular lobes, 1-nerved within. Petals orange-yellow, some- what longer than the calyx, obovate-oblong, obtuse, villose at the insertion of the tube, forming a circle of hair round the staminal tube. Seeds about 2 mm. in diam. 9. A. pauciflorum St. H'd. FL Bras. Mer. i. 206 (1825); leayes on both sides soft to the touch, upper surface more or less covered with stellate hairs, beneath woolly-tomentose and of a lighter colour ; flowers solitary, axillary ; calyx 1 ' 2-1 ' 5 cm. 1. or longer in fruit; carpels 10-12, each with 6-8 ovules or seeds, ripe 1'3-1'6 cm. 1., villose; seeds with minute pit markings, hispid with hairs springing from tubercled base. — K. Sclnim. torn. t-lt. 404 : Britt. & Millsp. Bali. FL 266. A. pedunculare Griscl. Fl. B,. W. Ind. 78 (non H.B.K.) ; Small FL S.E. U.S. 763. Sida peduncularis Macf. Jain. i. 85 (11011 DC.). Bancroft I Hacfadyen\ Kingston; Half way Tree ; McNab ! Hope estate. Prior \ March I Bath, Wilson ! J.P. 1340, Morris I Faivcettl Long Mt. road, 250 ft., Campbell \ Hope grounds, 600-700 ft. ; Santa Cruz, 450 ft. ; Harris ! — Florida, Bahamas, Cuba, Mexico to Paraguay. Undershrub 3-5 ft. high, younger parts with long spreading white hairs 2-3 mm. 1. and tomentose with stellate hairs. Leaves 5-15 cm. L, ovate, Abutilon MALYACE.F. 10'. acuminate, base cordate, unequally toothed or crenate, 9-nerved ; petioles long, 3-12 cm. 1. ; stipules 5-10 mm. 1., thread-like or narrowly awl-shaped. Peduncles long, stout. Calyx cup-shaped, angular, divided more than halfway into triangular acuminate lobes. Petals rose-coloured, longer than the calyx, obovate, apex emargiiiate, basal margin densely hairy. Ovary 10-12-celled, each writh 6-8 ovules. Ripe carpels 1* 3-1 '6 cm. 1., shortly beaked, villose outside, glabrous on the inside, G-8 seeded. Seeds about 2 mm. in diam. A. striatum Dicks, ex Lindl. Bot. Eeg. xxv. Misc. Not. 39, a native of Uruguay, is an escape from gardens in Jamaica. Shrub to 10 ft. high. Leaves 5-12 cm. 1., with 3-5 acuminate lobes. Flowers bell-shaped, orange strongly veined with crimson, on long slender stalks. Ovary 11-celled, with 7-9 ovules in each. Griscb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 79; K. Schum. torn. cit. 426 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3840 (Sida picta) ; Britton Fl. Berm. 233. 3. MODIOLA Moench. Prostrate rooting herbs. Leaves palmately lobed, and lobes Flowers again cut ; stipules ovate to awl-shaped, soon falling. small, axillary, pedunculate. Bracteoles 3, free, forming an involucel below the calyx. Calyx 5-lobed. Ovary with an indefi- nite number (20-14) of cells ; ovules 2 (or 3) in each cell ; style- branches as many in number, with capitate stigmas. Carpels 2-valved, valves cuspidate on back, transversely partitioned inside between the seeds. Seeds kidney-shaped, 2 in each carpel. Species 2 or 3, natives of America and South Africa. M. earoliniana G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 466 (1831); A. Gr. Gen. ;/. 72, t. 128; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 72 ; K. ScJtum. in FL Bras. xu. pt. 3, 453 ; Small Fl. S.E. U.S. 765 ; Britt. Fl. Berm. 234 ; Urb. Sijmb. Ant. viii. 412. M. mul- tiricla Moench. MetJi. 620 (1794) ; E. G. Bah. in Jo urn. Bot. xx.'-i. 368. Malva earoliniana L. Sp. PL 688 (1753); Cav. Diss. ii. 58, t. 15, /. 1. M. prostrata Cav. torn. cit. 59, t. 16, /. 3 (1786) ; Macf. Jam. i. 58. Abutilon repens &c. Dill. Eltli. 5, t. 4. (Fig. 43.) Specimen in Herb. Linn, named bv himself, and one also in Hort. Cliff, in Herb. Mus. Brit. B Fig. 43. — Mocliola earoliniana G. Don. A, Leaf aud flower, nat. size. B, Fruit cut through to show seeds X 3. (B after A. Gray.) 1<»4 -I;A <>F JAMAICA M' Clifton Mount, Jtfa I Abl r en, Blue Mts., Prior! ('inch 5000ft.. Jl.irrifil Fl. Jam'. 8570, 11,954.— Bermuda (introd.i, Hi-pani trop. and subtrop. America, S. Africa. 7/1 •/•/•, with prostrate stems, rooting at the nodes, hairy with - and simple hairs. / L! I (1-5) cm. in diam., 7-nerved, with h 'late and simple with bulbou> base, or glabrate ; petioles 2-5 (l-C>i cm. 1. ; stipules 4-5 mm. 1. Peduncles 1 or Li in axils, 2-4 cm. 1. IiriH-tfolcs about 1 mm. below the calyx, about 5 mm. 1., persistent. Calyx G-7 mm. 1. //s- 7-8 mm. 1., red (purple when dried). Ripe curpi'l* -i mm. 1., cu-p 1 mm., hirsute above on the back, glabrous below and tuberculate-ridged. 'a about 1'2 mm. 1., brown becoming black near hilum, glabrous. 4. MALVASTRUM A. Gr. Herbs, sometimes tall, sometimes low growing in clumps, <>r woody. Leaves serrate (in Jamaican species) or entire, or lobed. ' >r cleft. Flowers shortly pedunculate or subsessile, axillary ur in terminal spikes. Bracteoles of involucel 3 in Jamaican species, about as long as the calyx, more or less linear-lanceolate, and sometimes adherent at the base to the calyx, occasionally wanting. Calyx 5-lobed. Ovary with 5 or more cells ; ovules one in each cell, attached at the middle of the cell ; style- branches as many as the cells, with capitate stigmas. Carpels splitting open on the back down to the middle : back sometimes apiculate. Seeds kidney-shaped, attached at the middle of the cell. Embryo curved ; endosperm scanty. Mallow. Species 85, mostly natives of America, two of these widely dispersed now through the tropics, the rest natives of South Africa. Branches, &c., strigose. Carpel with 3 spines on back ..................... 1. M. coromandcliamim. Carpel without spines .............................. 2. M. corchori folium. Branches, &c., minutely tomentose .................. 3. 21. spicatum. 1. M. eoromanclelianum Garrlce in Bonplandia v. 295 (1857); young stems and branches, the leaves on both sides, petioles, peduncles, and calyx with stiff white adpressed hairs, simple or 2-4-armed ; flowers at first solitary in the axils, a subsidiary flowering branch appearing later ; ripe carpels with a long spine near the apex, and 2 short spines near the middle of the back. — K. Sclti'in. iii Fl. Bras. xii. pt. 3, 268, t. 53 ; Urb. Si/mb. Ant. iv. 387 & viii. 412 : Britt. FL Berm. 235 ; Britt. d- Milhp. Bali. Fl. 267. M. tricuspidatum A. Gr. PL Writ/lit . /. 16 (1852) : Griseb. FL Br. W. Ltd. 72. M. americanum Torr. Bot. J/V./ . Bound. Surv. 38 (1859); Small FL S.E. U.S. 768. Malva coromandelianum L. S}}. PL 687 (1753) & Amocn. v. 380. M. humilior subvillosa etc. it M. humilior foliis ifcc. Browne Hist. Jam. 282 ; Sw. Obs. Bot. 262. M. tricuspidata Ait. Eort. Km: ed. 2, iv. 210 (1812) ; Macf. Jam. i. 57 ; A. Rich, in Scifjra Cub. x. 41. Sida jamaicensis 3IUL Diet. ed. 8 (non L.). (Fig. 44.) Malvastni'in MALVACEAE 105 Specimen in Herb. Linn, named by Linnaeus. Miller's type in Herb. Mns. Brit. Sloane Herb. iv. 52 (in part) ! Wright I Bancroft \ Macfadyen ; Distinl Wilson ; near Gordon Town, Ball \ Pen Hill, 2500 ft. ; Hope grounds ; Harris ! Liguanea plain, Campbell \ Devon Pen, Thompson ! Kingston ; Porus; Hitchcock. — Texas, Florida, Bermuda (naturalized), Bahamas, W. Indies, Tropics. Perennial herb, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves 3-5 (2-8) cm. 1., ovate, ovate- oblong or cblong; petioles 1-2 cm. 1. ; stipules 7-9 mm. 1., lanceolate, Fig. 44. — Malvastrum coromandelianum Garcke. A, Portion of flowering branch, nat. C, Back of ditto beginning to split size. open x 7. B, Ripe carpel x 7. D, Eipe carpel with seed, cut throuch X 7. acuminate. Flowers yellow, on short (1-3 mm. 1.) peduncles. Bracteoles about as long as the calyx, adherent at the base to the calyx. Calyx about 5 mm. 1. in fl. to 7 mm. 1. in fr., with many longitudinal hairy angles. Petals 8-9 mm. 1. This species abounds in a mucilaginous sap, and is employed by the natives as a substitute for soap in washing coarse clothes (]\Iacfadyen). 2. M. corehorifolium Britton in Small Fl. Miami 119 (1913) : young stems and branches, the leaves on both sides, petioles, peduncles, and calyx with stiff white adpressed hairs, simple or 2-4-armed ; flowers solitary in the axils and crowded into a terminal head ; ripe carpels 8-15, back hispid on upper half, without spines. — P. Wils. in (Veg. Vieques) Bull. N. York But. Gard. viii. 397 ; Urb. in Fedde Itep. xvi. 33 & Si/ml>. Ant. riii. 413; Britt. & Millsp. Bali. FL 267. M. Rugelii S. W«t«. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 367 (1882); Small FL S.E. U.S. 768. Malva corchorifolia Desr. in Lam. Encyc. Hi. 755 (743 crr< / ]<>G FLORA OF JAMA. (178! . .M. scoparia Jacq. <',,tl. i. :,'.» (\7^) * L-. !>!. It.ir. 11. /. i:;0 dion Umrit.). Di*iln\ I'i-'nirl Near ^landeville, 1'iritton, 1022! — Florida, I'.aK Cuba, (.rand Cayman, Virgin ( iorda. :iial herb, 2-6 ft. high. /-• 5 cm. 1., broadly ovate to obl< ovate; petioles shorter than liml>; stipule,-, linear-awl-shsped, shorter tl: the petiole. Flowers subsi-ssili1. / about as long as tln> calyx. 1 about 4 mm. 1. iu 11., about 5 mm. 1. in fr., hairy. Petal* about 1 mm. longer than calyx. 3. M. spieatum A. Gr. (PL FendL} in Mf/n. Am. Acail. //.*. iv. -- ( 1S4!)) ; young stems and branches, the leaves beneath, and petioles stellate-tomentose ; flowers crowded into a spike terminal on stem and branches, sometimes shortened into a head on the branches; ripe carpels: apex at inner angle prolonged, beak- like, hispid on the back, without spines. — Griseb. loc. cit. • Sinall FJ. S.E. U.S. 768; K.Sclnim. torn. cit. 271, t. 52, /. 2; Urb. Syml. Ant. iv. 388 & viii. 413. Althaea spicata . . . flore luteo etc. Xlixine Cat. 97 & Hist. i. 219. Malva americana L. Sp. PL 687 (1753) : A. Rich, in Sagra Cub. x. 40. M. spicata L. Syst. ed. 10, 1146 (1759) (excl. reference to Sloane) & Amoen. v. 401 & 380 ; Sic. Obs. Bot. 262 ; Wright Mem. 291 ; Macf. Jam. i. 58. M. assurgens subvillosa &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 282. Specimen in Herb. Linn. named by Linm^us Malva spicata. In fl. Sept.-^Iarch ; Sloane Herb. iv. 56 ! Wright ! Kingston, Brougliton \ Macfadyenl Distinl Wilson ! March 1 Kingston, Priori Liguanea plain, Campbell\ Kingston; Constant Spring; Blue Mts. ; Lucea; Hitclico< Chaiiemont, near Ewarton, 1000 ft.; Liguanea plain; Plowden Hill, 1000 ft.; Harris \ Fl. Jam. 6269 (in part), 6325, 6698, 6908, 8168; Blue- fields, Britton, 1605 !— Florida, West Indies, tropical and subtropical regions of the whole world. Perennial herb 2 to 6 ft. high. Leaves 2-8 cm. L, usually triangular- ovate, on upper surface rough with stellate hairs, sometimes tornentose ; petioles 1-6 cm. 1. ; stipules thread-like with a lanceolate base, 4-6 mm. 1. Flowers sessile, the lowest flowers with small leafy bracts with 2 stipules, most of the bracts 2-cleft at the apex. Bracteolcs 5-7 cm. 1. Calyx about 5 mm. 1., hispid with white hairs from a brown tubercular base. Petals 6-8 mm. 1. The bark makes strong white hemp (Wright). Malva rotundifolia L. according to Browne Hist. Jam. 282 was intro- duced, but apparently it has died out. It differs from Malvastrnm in that the thread-like style-branches are stigmatose longitudinally on the inside. 5. ANODA Cav. Herbs, hispid or glabrescent. Leaves hastate or lobed at the base. Flowers axillary. Bracteoles of involucel wanting. Calyx 5-cleft. Cells of the ovary indefinite, each cell with one ovule. Ripe carpels in a star-like whorl, convex below, flat on top ; the internal walls of the cells of the ovary usually become more or less absorbed, so that the ripe carpels open into one another, then the outer portion of each becomes detached and Anoda MALVACEAE 107 falls out, generally carrying the seed with it. Seed hanging or attached horizontally. •/ Species 10, natives of West Indies and trop. cont. America, especially of Mexico. A. aeerifolia DC. Prodr. i. 459 (1824); E. G. Bak. in Jonrn. Bot. x.c.c. 73 ; Hoclir. in Ann. Cons, et Jard. Bot. Geneve xx. 50. A. hastata Sclileclit. in Linnsea xi. 214 (1837) ; Macf. Jam. i. 77 ; Grisel. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 73 (in part) (non L.) ; Urb. Symb. Ant. ii\ 394 it viii. 419. Sida aeerifolia Zucc. in Boerncr Collect. 148 (1809). S. hastata Sims Bot. Mag. t, 1541 (1813) (non \VUld.). (Fig. 45.) Bancroft I Bath; near Gordon Town; Macfadyen ; St. Ann, McCatty\ Morris ! near Gordon Town; Faiccettl Walderston, 2000 ft., Harris I Fl. -Jam. 8414. — Cuba, Hispaniola, Porto Kico, Tobago, Mexico to Peru. Fig. 45. — Anoda acer! folia DC. A, Leaf and fruit X §. B, Ripe carpel, showing exocarp, endocarp, and seed X 5. (_', Endocarp of ditto X 5. Plant covered with bristly hairs. Leaves 2-7 cm. L, variable in form, lower more or less pentagonal or 5-lobed with large teeth, uppermost hastate, base truncate or slightly cordate. Flowers solitary ; peduncles sparingly hairy, of fl. 2-8 cm. L, of fr. 7-15 cm. 1. Calyx in fl. 7-9 mm. 1., in fr. to 13 mm. 1., lobes ovate, somewhat obtuse, mucronate. Petah usually blue, approaching to purple, rarely white (Macf.), 8-15 mm. 1. Fruit of 9-16 carpels, outer angle of back with a very short mucro or simply a boss; endocarp separating from .the exocarp, net-veined, not adhering to the seed. 6. SIDA L. Herbs or shrubs, with stellate or simple hairs, often velvety or tomentose. In Jamaican species leaves serrate, except in 103 FLOKA OF JAMAICA v linifolla : stipules usually somewhat linear, but more or i lanceolate in S. glomeratat S. jamaicenais, and S. acutd. Flowers axillary, or in terminal racemes, spikes, heads, or rarely panic! Bracteoles beneath the calyx usually wanting. Calyx with 5 teeth or lobes. Petals usually somewhat longer than tin- calyx. Carpels 5 or more, the number indicated in the flower by the lobes and the cells of the ovary, and by the number of the style-branches; one pendulous ovule in each cell. Ripe carpels opening usually by 2 valves at the apex, occasionally by irregular splitting below. Seed hanging from apex or attached horizontally. Broom Weed. Species about 70, mostly American. Carpels 5 (in S. pyramidata 5 or 6). Inflorescences terminal and axillary : sessile globose heads intermixed with stipules and stipule-like bracts. Petals yellow. Leaves lanceolate or subrhomboid-lanceolate 1. S. glomerata. Inflorescences : terminal heads or spikes with 1 or 2 leaf-like bracts ; in axils 1 flower or a few clustered. Petals yellow. Plants tomentose and soft to touch. Leaves ovate, cordate. Calyx hirsute 2. S. aggregata. Plants more or less hirsute. Leaves ovate, long acuminate 3. S. urens. Inflorescences : flowers solitary in axils, with some- times a flowering branch developing later. Ripe carpels opening at apex. Plants more or less tomentose with stellate hairs. Inflorescences stalked. Petals yellow 4. S. spinosa. Inflorescences subsessile. Petals white or pale buff 5. S. jamaicensis. Plants procumbent, with minute stellate hairs and also long simple hairs. Petals pale yellow or nearly white 6. S. procumbcns. Plants puberulous with simple hairs. Petals orange-yellow 7. S. glabra. Plants with stem and branches with short glandular hairs and longer simple hairs. Petals yellow 8. S. glutinosa. Ripe carpels opening irregularly below. Plants prostrate, rooting. Petals yellow 9. S. liedera.' folia. Ripe carpels opening below by the white mem- brane bursting irregularly. Petals white . . . 10. S. alba. Inflorescence ample, diffuse, panicle-like. Calyx 2 • 5-3 mm. 1. Petals purple or crimson ... 11. S. paniculata. Inflorescence a terminal panicle. Calyx 4-5 mm. 1. Petals yellow. Stem with minute stellate hairs 12. S. pyramidata. Stem with glandular pubescence 8. S. glutinosa. Sida MALVACEAE 109 Carpels more than 5 (in S. pyramidata 5 or 6). Calyx 5-8 mm. 1. Leaves with serrate margin. Inflorescence a terminal panicle. Petals yellow 12. S . pyramidata. Inflorescence terminal, flowers solitary or usually in leafy heads of 3-8, peduncle adherent to petiole of leafy bract. Petals purplish-red 13. S. ciliaris. Inflorescence : flowers solitary in the axils with a flowering branch also sometimes develop- ing later, the flowers usually becoming crowded at apex of stem and branches. Leaves tomentose and soft to the touch on both sides. Carpel : beaks with hairs pointing back- wards. Leaves ovate. Petals yellow-buff 14. S. cordifolia. Leaves oblong to linear. Petals pale buff or yellowish-white veined with pale pink 15. S. salvicefolia. Carpel : apical corners acute or mucronate. Petals yellow 14. var. aWicscs folia. Leaves tomentose and soft to the touch beneath. Petals yellow. Awns long, glabrous or with very minute hairs 16. S. rJiombifolia. Leaves usually glabrate ; stipules sub-lanceo- late. Petals yellow or white 17. S. acuta. Leaves entire. Petals white with purplish base 18. S. linifolia. Calyx 3-3 '5 mm. 1 t , 19. S. troy ana. 1. S. glomerata Cav. Diss. i. 18, t. 2, f. 6 (1785); young branches, petioles, and peduncles tomentose ; leaves lanceolate or subrhomboid-lanceolate, narrowed to the apex, base wedge- shaped, or narrowly truncate, or very narrowly cordate, usually 3-nerved, on both sides with long simple hairs, beneath with stellate hairs also, especially on nerves ; stipules broadly lanceolate, acuminate; inflorescence sessile or subsessile, axillary and terminal, a many-flowered raceme shortened into a globose head intermixed with stipules and stipule-like bracts ; carpels 5, in fruit 2 mm. 1., glabrous, net-veined, valves usually ending at apex in a sharp point. — Griseb. FI. Br. W. Ind. 73 ; K. Scluim. in Fl. Bras. xii. pt. 3, 323 ; E. G. Bak. in Journ. Bot. xxx. 237 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 389 & viii. 415. Moneague, Prior ! — West Indies, Central and tropical S. America. Herb with woody base, erect, branching. Leaves 2 -5-6 (7) cm. 1., unequally serrate ; petioles 5-7 mm. 1. ; stipules 8-10 mm. 1., 5-1-nerved, margin ciliate otherwise glabrous, persisting. Peduncles short or very short, jointed at middle. Calyx 5-7 mm. 1., 5-angled, 10-nerved, lobes acuminate, margins and angles hispid with long hairs. Petals yellow. Seeds glabrous but puberulous near hilum. Broom-weeds are so called from being cut and used as brooms. 110 FLORA OF JAMAH \ Pounded ami M[iicoxcd they yield a mucilaginous juk-r, \vliicb, on mix h any pr> ibstam-r in rlutliu all the purposes of p. (Wright.) 2. S. aggregata /V'*/ 'I!<-Ii<{. Ilmn'.-. /'/'. brandies, petioles, and peduncles soft lu the toucli. miniitelv ^'inifiitose, sometimes also with h'ni; spreading h.-iirs ; lea <>vate. cordate, apex acute, obtuse or subacuminate, 7-nerved, on li«>th sides soft to the touch, minutely tomentose; inflorescence terminal and axillary, terminal a dense interrupted spike, axillary Jobose cluster with sometimes also a flowering branch; carpels •">, in fruit - mm. 1., valves blunt at apex, covered with minute Hate hairs, sides glabrous. — Ht-mxl. in Bid. Cent. Am. Bot. i. 10 1' : E. G. Bale. tout. cit. 292 ; Urb. Syrnb. Ant. vi. 92. S. savannarum K. St'lnim. torn. cit. 308 (1891); E. G. Bed: he. n't. Malva assurgens villosa &c. Browne Hist. Ja'nt. 282? Bancroft \ Macfadycn ! near Gordon Town, Ball \ Liguanea plain, Catnpbelll also Clute\ Fawcett\ Harris \ Fl. Jam. 6034, 6116, G2G9 (in part), 6988. — Mexico to Colombia and Guiana. Perennial shrubby herb. Leaves 2-7 cm. 1., unequally serrate ; petioles as long as, or sborter than, the blade ; stipules 5-7 mm. 1., thread-like. Calyx 7-8 mm. 1., 10-augled, minutely tomentose, long hirsute midway at the angles; lobes triangular, acute. Petals 11-12 mm. 1., buff-yellow. Seed scarcely 2 mm. 1., dark brown, glabrous but with a few short hairs near hilum. 3. S. urens L. Syst. ed. 10, 1145 (1759) & Amcen. v. 402, 380 ; stem and branches, with petioles, peduncles, and angles of calyx, hirsute with long simple hairs, sometimes 2-3-4-armed and often shorter stellate hairs ; leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, long acuminate, base cordate, unequally serrate, 5(7)-nerved, covered on both sides, especially on nerves beneath, with short hairs, 3-4-armed or sometimes stellate : flowers sessile or shortly stalked, axillary, one or a few in a subglobose cluster, with a flowering branch developing later into a terminal head or spike with 1 or 2 small leaves or bracts ; carpels 5, in fruit somewhat more than 2 mm. L, apex usually with 2 short teeth, glabrous. — Sic: Oba. Bot. 261 ; Macf. Jam. i. 82 ; Griseb. op. cit. 75 ; Mast, in FL Trop. Afr. i. 179; K. Scltum. torn, cit, 306, t. 60; E. G. Bait. torn. cit. 294; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 392 & vlii. 418 ; Britt. <>t. 258 ; Macf. Jam. i. 77; Griseb. op. cit, 74; K. Schum. tom. cit. 304; 112 n.«i;A OF JAMA: >SV I'.. <;. B,,J,\ to . . Miller's type from Houstoun in Herb. Mus. Brit. Specimen fr. -m Presl (Reliq. Haenk.) in Herb. Mus. Brit. Broad-leafed Broom Weed. Savannas round St. Jago de la Vega, Sloanc Herb. iv. 52 ! Housi> Hb. Sloane iv. 52* ! Browne \ Bancioft ! Moneague, Prior ! March ! — Cuba, Hispaniola, St. Thomas, St. John, Santa Cruz, St. Bartholomew, Guade- loupe, Desirade, trop. cont. America. Perennial decumbent herb or undershrub, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves I1 5-4 cm. 1. ; petioles 4-7 mm. L, villose; stipules equalling the petiole, lanceolate or lanceolate-linear, or linear, hairy. Calyx about 6 mm. L, 5-angled, densely tomentose ; lobes acuminate. Petals as long as the calyx, white or pale buff. Seeds l-5 mm. L, brown, 3-sided, eniarginate at apex, sometimes with a few minute hairs on surface, usually some near hilum. The leaves and buds contain a great quantity of mucilage, and they lather like soap, with water ; they are used in shaving washes, &c. The leaves are purgative. (Browne.) 6. S. proeumbens Sio. Prodr. 101 (1788) & Fl Lid. Occ. 1211 ; young branches, petioles, peduncles, and calyx more or less covered with minute stellate hairs and also with long simple hairs ; leaves ovate to ovate-roundish, cordate, apex obtuse to rounded, crenate-serrate, 7-nerved, minutely tomentose on both sides, often with long hairs on nerves beneath ; flowers axillary, usually solitary ; peduncles slender, usually longer than the petiole, sometimes longer than the whole leaf, jointed near apex ; carpels 5, ripe, 3*3-4 mm. 1. (incl. beaks), back glabrous, wrinkled, margined ; valves 2-beaked ; beaks scarcely 1 mm. 1. — Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 390 & mil 416 ; Britt. & Millsp. Bah. FL 269. S. pilosa Cav. Diss. i. 9, t. 1, f. 8 (non Retz.} (1785). C. ovata Cav. Diss. vi. 350, t. 196, f. ''2 (1788) (non Forsk.). S. supina L'Her. Stirp. v. 109 bis, t'. 52 bis (1788); Griseb. op. cit. 75; E. G. Bale. torn. cit. 291 ; Small Fl. S.E. U.S. 770. S. abutifolia (abutilifolia in ms.) Mill. Diet. ed. 8 (1768) is perhaps a synonym. Specimen collected in Hispaniola from Swartz in Herb. Mus. Brit, named by him. Salt ponds, Broughton ! Swartz \ Long Mt., 1200 ft. ; Healthshire Hills, 50 ft. ; Luana Point ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 9388, 9531, 9904.— Florida Keys, Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Mona, Porto Rico, St. Thomas, St. Cruz, St. Martin, Saba, St. Eustatius, Curacao, Mexico to Venezuela. Annual or perennial lierb, branched from the base ; branches procum- bent or spreading, 1-6 dm. 1. Leaves -6-1-5 cm. 1. ; petioles nearly equalling the limb; stipules small, thread-like. Calyx 5-6 mm. L, lobes ovate, acuminate, somewhat shorter than the 5-angled tube. Petals half as long again as the calyx, pale yellow or nearly white. Seeds slightly longer than 2 mm., dark brown, with minute hairs or glabrate. Sida MALVACEAE 113 7. S. glabra Mill. Diet. ed. 8 (1768) ; young branches, petioles, peduncles, and calyx puberulous with simple hairs ; leaves ovate to lanceolate, acuminate, cordate, serrate-crenate, more or less puberulous on the nerves ; flowers at first solitary in the axils, a flowering branch with small leaves usually developing later in. each axil ; peduncles 1-4 cm. 1., slender ; carpels 5 ; ripe glabrous, about 2 • 5 mm. 1. ; beaks 2, minutely puberulous, 2 mm. 1. — Britton in BrooM. Bot. Gard. Mem. i. 68. S. ulmifolia Cav. Diss. i. 15, t. 2, /. 4 (1785) ; Griseb. op. cit. 75; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 392 & mil. 417. S. arguta Sw. Prodr. 101 (1788) & Fl. IncL Occ. 1205 ; Macf. Jam. i. 81 ; E. G. Bdk. torn, cit. 293. Type specimen from Miller, renamed S. arguta by Swartz, in Herb. Mus. Brit. Macfadyen ; Kingston, Prior ! March ! Constant Spring ; Bog Walk ; Lucea ; Hitchcock ; Lit'itz, Harris \ M. Jam. 12,687. — West Indies as far south as Martinique, Central America, Colombia, Ecuador. Shrubby herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves 2-7 cm. 1. ; petioles 1-2-5 (-5-3-5) cm. 1. ; stipules linear, 2 '5-5 mm. 1. Calyx 5-6 mm. 1. ; lobes acuminate. Petals yellow or orange-yellow. 8. S. glutinosa Commers. ex Cav. Diss. i. 16, t. 2, /. 8 (1785) ; young stem and branches with short glandular hairs and longer simple hairs ; leaves ovate, usually acuminate, base cordate, 7(9)-nerved, irregularly serrate, stellate-puberulous on both sides but denser beneath, velvety in young leaves ; flowers with long peduncles, at first solitary in the axils, sometimes with another flower or a flowering branch developing later, ultimately forming a leafy panicle ; carpels 5, when ripe 2 mm. 1. (excl. beaks), puberulous on upper part ; beaks 2, puberulous with simple hairs, spreading or ascending, 1 mm. 1. — K. Sclium. torn, cit. 310; E. G. Bak. torn. cit. 293 (incl. var. cinered) ; Urb. Symb. Ant. ii: 394 & viii. 417 ; Britt, & Millsp. Bak FL 269. S. nervosa DC. Prodr. i. 465 (1824) ; Macf. Jam. i. 83 ; Griseb. op. cit. 75. Wright \ Broughton \ Swartz \ Macfadyen \ Distin ! Mt. Diablo, Prior ! March I Kingston, Hitchcock; near Ewarton, 1000 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 6619. — Bahamas, West Indies, Central America, northern South America. Shrubby herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves 2-6 (1-5-7 -5) cm. 1. ; petioles 2-3-5 'cm. 1., puberulous, sometimes glandular; stipules 1-5-2 mm. 1., thread- like. Peduncles 1-2-5 cm. 1., puberulous, often glandular. Calyx 4- 5-5 mm. 1., puberulous, lobes triangular, subacuminate. Petals yellow. Seeds 1-6 mm. 1., glabrous, dark brown. 9. S. hedersefolia Cav. Diss. i. 8, t. 9, /. 3 (1785) ; stem simple or with few branches ; young branches hispid with stellate hairs or glabrate ; leaves roundish or ovate-roundish, cordate, crenate -toothed, more or less hirsute on both sides with stellate hairs (sometimes simple), or glabrate ; flowers axillary, solitary ; peduncles very slender, about as long as the petioles, glabrate or densely puberulous; carpels 5, when ripe covered all over with v. i 114 FLORA Or JAMAICA network of slightly prominent lines, about 4 mm. 1. (iiu-1. brai apex and beaks minutely hirtellous. — DC. Pr<>.'3 : (ii/.^l>. PI. }\'n'(fJif. in 3IciK.At.-ad. Anirr. // . ser. viii. 163; Urb. Si/mb. Ant. iv. 391 &• riii. 417; Britt. /!'• Milhp. Bait. Fl. 268. S. foliis mi-dads A:c. Plum. PL Amer. (Burin.) t. 169, /. 3. Wright \ — Bahamas, Cuba, Is. of Pines, Hispaniola, Porto Rico. Jli'i-'b, prostrate, rooting at the nodes. Leaves -6-2-5cm.br.; petioles equal to or longer than the limb, 1-3 cm. 1., densely hirtellous with stellate hairs or glabrate, or with a line of simple hairs on upper face ; stipules about 3 mm. 1., linear. Calyx 3-3 '5 mm. 1. Petals yellow. The beaks are described by Cavanilles as " hamatis," and his figure and that of Plunder agree with the description in representing the beaks as with bairs pointing backwards — otherwise his description agrees with our specimens. 10. S. alba L. % PL ed. 2, 960 (1763) & (name only) Amam. v. 380 (1760); young branches, petioles, and peduncles covered with minute stellate hairs ; leaves roundish-ovate to lanceolate, subcordate to rounded at base, serrate, 5-nerved, with very minute stellate hairs on both sides, sparse on upper surface, denser beneath and sometimes tomentose ; flowers at first solitary, then a shortened raceme of a few crowded flowers developing, often succeeded by a flowering branch ; carpels 5, when ripe about 2 mm. L, opening below by the white thin membrane bursting irregularly, apex with 2 short beaks, puberulous at apex and on beaks. — Burin. FL lad. 146; Lr usually in umbellit'orm heads of 3-S, peduiirle adherent to the petiole of the leai'y l»rnet ; rarpel 5 'tin S. America), when ripe about - nun. 1., tuheivnla'.e spiny. Cav. Di*x. /. '1 1 , /. ."»,/. 9 : >'/''. 01>*. I»«f. 2~>7 ' M rix'l,. <>j>. .•/'/. 7-". : K. Srlmm. /"///. cit. 283 : /•;. '<;. Bub. torn. <•//. 141; Url>. Sfi.nh. Ant. iv, 388; /;/•///. .1- Mill.. ]>7. Malva minor .-upina hetonira- folio, flop- coccineo A:c. Slmnm Cat. '."'> A: 7//'.s-/. /. -17, /. 137, /. '1. Malva minima supina iVe. Hr' llixt. Jam. -*-. Savannas. Sloane Jln-b. iv. ):)! l>ruvnc\ llrouyhton*. Swartzl Ban- croft^, near Kingston, McXabl Prior ! Liguanca plain, Campbell \ Hope grounds, Fawccttl near Black Kiver ; near Spanish Town: Jfurrisl Fl. Jam. 6023, 8303, 9768, 12,044.— Florida Keys, Bahamas, West Indies, Texas, Central and South America. Perennial herb, woody at base. Stems several, 1-3 dm. 1., prostrate or spreading. Leaves G-13(-25) mm. 1. ; petiole as long as, or shorter than, the limb; stipules linear or Jinear-spathulate, ciliate, about as long as the petiole. Calyx 4-5 mm. 1., lobes rather longer than the tube, triangular, hirsute. Petals usually purplish-red, sometimes yellow at tips. Seeds about 1'5 mm. in diam., dark brown, covered with minute adpressed hairs. 14. S. eordifolia L. Sp. PL G84 (1753): stem and branches in upper parts, petioles, and peduncles minutely tomentose, sometimes also with long hairs, at length glabrate ; leaves ovate, obtuse or acute, cordate, on both sides soft to the touch, minutely tomentose ; inflorescence terminal and axillary, a crowded raceme or corymb or cluster, flowers sometimes solitary in the axils ; carpels 7-12: ovary hairy on backs of lobes with minute con- verging spinules at apex with hairs pointing backwards, ripe carpels 3—4 mm. 1., opening at apex, valves, back and sides net- veined, with '2 stiff bristles at apex about as long as the carpel, prolonged beyond the calyx, covered with short hairs pointing backwards. — Griseb. op. cit. 76; Mast, in Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 181 & in Hook. f. FL Br. Ind. i. 324; K. Sclmm. torn. c&. 329, t. 62; E. G. Bak. ton,, cit. 291 ; Small Fl. S.E. U.S. 770; Urb. Si/ml. Ant. iv. 391 cfc viii. 416. S. foliis cordato-ovatis ifcc. L. FL Zeijl. a. 254, 116. S. conferta Link Emtnt. Hort. BeroL ii. 207 (1822). Althrea maderaspatana Arc. Pluk. Plujt. t. 131, /. 2 (specimens in Herb. Sloane xcv. 2). A. orientalis bidens &c. Pink. PA///. t. 356, f. 1 (specimens in Herb. Sloane xciii. 21 A: xciv. 143). Malva bicornis Arc. Dill Elth. 211, t. 171, /. 209. Specimen in Herb. Linn, named by Linnseus. Specimen in Herb. Hermann in Herb. Mus. Brit. Liguanea plain, McNabl Great Valley, Manchester, Purdicl Windward road, Campbell ! Fl. Jam. 5972. — Florida and Keys, West Indies, tropical cont. America, trop. and subtrop. Africa and Asia. Perennial herb or undcrshrub, erect, 1-5 ft. high. Leaves 3-5 (2-8) Sida MALVAC: 117 cm. 1., serrate ; petiole generally about half as long as the blade; stipules 5-7 mm. L, thread-like, tomentose. Peduncle jointed, shorter or longer than the petiole. Calyx G-7 mm. 1. in fl., 8 mm. 1. in fr., tomentose, tube 10-angled. Petals about 1 cm. 1., yellow-buff. Seeds about 2 mm. L, somewhat cordate, dark brown, glabrous, but with very minute hairs near hilum. Var. althseifolia Griseb. loc. cit. (1859) ; distinguished by absence of terminal spinules or bristles on ovary and fruit. - S. altha?jefolia Sw. Prodr. 101 (1788) & FL Ind. Occ. 1207 ; L'Her. Stirp. v. 112 Us; DC. Prodr. i. 464; Narf. Jan,, i. 81. Althaea flore luteo Sloane Cat. 96 & Hist. i. 218, t. 136, /. 2. Old Harbour, Sloane Herb. iv. 53 ! Wright ! Houstoun \ common on dry plains and hills, Macfadyen ! Lane ! March ! Prior ! near Gordon Town , Ball ! Liguanea plain, Clute ! — Cuba, Hispaniola, Isle of Pines, Porto Rico, Yucatan. Cape Verde Is. 15. S. salvisefolia Presl Eel HaenJ;. ii. 110 (1836); stem soft to the touch, tomentose 'with minute stellate hairs ; leaves oblong, oblong-lanceolate to linear, usually obtuse, base rounded, soft to the touch and tomentose with very minute stellate hairs f on both sides, 1— 3-nerved ; flowers solitary in the axils, becoming corymbose at apex ; carpels 7—10, when ripe 3 mm. 1. (excl. bristles), hirtellous on upper part of back, broader below, with 2 long bristles at apex, bristles 2-2 * 3 mm. L, covered with short hairs pointing backwards. — K. Schum. torn. cit. 338 (under S. rhombifolia L.) (1891). S. erecta Macf. Jam. i. 80 (1837) ; Urb. Symb. Ant. vi. 92. S. spinosa var. angustifolia, form Griseb. op. cit. 74 (1859). S. angustissima St. Hil. var. Moritziana K. ScJium. torn. cit. 336 (1891). S. spinosa var. salvirefolia E. G. BaJc. in Jonrn. Bot. xxx. 237 (1892). S. angustissima JR. E. Fries in Scenslta Vetensk. AJcad. Handl. xlii. ii. 12, 34 (1908) (with regard to specimens from Porto Rico to Colombia) (non St. Hil.). Specimen from Presl in Herb. Mus. Brit. Specimens from Macfadyen in Herb. Kew. Liguanea plain, near Halfway Tree, Macfadijcn \ also IfcXab ! also Campbell ! Kingston, Prior ! Long Mt. road, Harris ! Fl. Jain. GOUT, 10,000. — Porto llico, St. Cruz, Margarita, Mexico, Colombia. Perennial herb, 1-2 ft. high, erect, branches few. Leaves 1-5 cm. 1., serrulate ; petioles rather short ; stipules thread-like, soon falling. Peduncle short, usually longer than the petiole, jointed. Calyx 5-6 mm. 1., minutely tomentose, 10-ribbed, 5-angled; lobes acuminate or acute. Petals pale buff colour or yellowish-white veined with pale pink. 16. S. rhombifolia L. Sp. PL 684 (1753); young parts ,,f branches, also peduncles, with very minute stellate hairs ; leaves lanceolate, oblong, or rhomboid-oblong, wedge-shaped at ba-r. 3-nerved, upper surface with minute stellate hairs or glabrato, minutely tomentose beneath : ilowers s-tlitary in the axils, rarely a flowering branch appearing much later than the original ilowcr, 118 FLUKA OF JAMAICA Sida the terminal flowers become corymbose ; <-a,rp<'ls lu-l I, \vlu>n ri|>t' 3- 1 unn. 1., with 1 or - bra.ks at apex, beaks -I;;!)!, or \vitli very minute hairs.- HV/V// .l/o//. i".»l ; drim-li. <>j>. cit. 7 ! : .V./N/. ///>/. 7Vop. .-I/,-, i. 1S1 4v /„ //„„/,-/. FLBr',1. Tnd. i. 323 ; A'. £V/m,,/. /"/;/. r/V. 337, /. (53 : 7;. (i. J!.iL /o;y/. r//. 231) T^7/. X.7?. C/.6\ 771 : Uri. Synth. Ant. iv. 390 & !;/«/. 415 j 7'V. Bcrw. 236. S. ruderata Macf. Jan,. L SO (1837). Pi.;1. i(J. — ,S'('c?ft rhomljifolia L. A. Portion of branch with leaves and C, Ditto seen from the back X 7. flowers X -5. D, Seed x 7. B, Eipe carpel seen from the side X 7. unicornis cfec. Dill. EWi. 216, t. 172, f. 212. (Fig. 46.) Specimen in Herb. Linn, named by Linnreus. Specimen from Hort, Cliff, in Herb. Mus. Brit. Wright I St. Mary, McNabl St. Ann, Pur die \ Moneaguc, Priori Port Morant ; Porus ; Hitchcock; J.P. 940, Morris \ near Castleton, TJiompsonl Pen Hill, Port Royal Mts., 2500 ft.; Troy, 2000 ft.; Harris ! PI. Jam. 5802, 6742, 12,604.— Bermuda, N. Carolina to Texas and Florida, West Indies, warmer regions of the whole world. Perennial herb, 1-3 ft. high, usually much branched. Leaves 2-8 cm. 1. and more, serrate or crenulate above the base ; petioles 3-5 mm. 1. ; stipules 4-5(-10) mm. L, narrowly linear ; tubercles below the petioles occasionally occurring. Peduncles often nearly equalling the leaf, 2-3 '5 cm. L, jointed above the middle. Calyx 6-7 mm. 1., 10-angled, with very minute hairs, angles thickened at base. Petals yellow, sometimes with a purplish blotch at base. Seeds about 2 mm. L, brown, glabrous but with very short hairs near the hilurn, somewhat cordate. Sida MALVACEAE 119 17. S. aeuta Burm. Fl. Ind. 147 (1768) ; young parts of stem and branches together with petioles and peduncles usually with stellate and simple hairs ; larger leaves unequal -sided, oblong- lanceolate to ovate or narrowly lanceolate, sometimes sub- acuminate, base rounded or wedge-shaped, 3(l)-nerved, at first with stellate and simple hairs, the stellate very minute on upper surface, mature leaves usually glabrate ; flowers at first solitary, later accompanied by a flowering branch often more or less subsessile, with several flowers simulating a globose or umbellate inflorescence; carpels 7-12, when ripe 3-4 mm. L, with margins of back subcrested, sides net-veined, apex with 2 very short beaks, apex and beaks puberulous with very minute stellate hairs.— Wight Ic. t. 95 ; Small FL S.E. U.S. 771 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 389 & mil. 415. S. acuta Burm. var. carpinifolia K. Sclmm. torn. cit. 326 (1891) ; E. G. Bale. torn. cit. 238 : Bobinson in A. Gr. Fl. N. Amer. L 324. S. ulmifolia Mill. 'Diet. ed. 8 (1768). S. carpinifolia Linn. f. Suppl. 307 (1781); Griseb. op. cit. 73; Mast, in Fl Trop. Afr. i. 180 & in Hook f. FL Brit, Ind. L 323 ; Britt. Fl. Berm. 236 ; Britt. & Millsp. Bali. Fl. 268. S. stipulate Cav. Diss. i. 22, t. 3, f. 10 (1785). " S. Balbisiana DC. Prodr. i. 460 (1824). S. trivialis Macf. Jam, i, 78 (1837). Althaea coromandeliana angustis &c. Pluk. Aim. Mant. fol, 10, pi. 2 & Pltyt. t, 334 (specimens in Herb. Sloane xcii. 10 & xcix. 53). Malva erecta minor carpinifolio &c. Sloane Cat, 96 . Syst. x. 1145 (1759) & Amoen. v. 402, 380 ; L'Her. Stlrp. Ill bis, t. 53 bis. Specimen from Browne in Herb. Linn, named by Linnaeus. (Fig. 47, A.) Sloane Herb. iv. 65 (in part) ! Houstoun ! Browne \ Wright ! Masson ! Rock Fort, Me Nab \ Kingston, Priori Windward road, near Kingston; sea-coast, Liguanea plain ; Campbell \ Pedro Bluff, Harris ! Fl. Jam. 5977, 6326, 9721. — Bahamas, West Indies, trop. cont. America. Under shrub, 2-3 ft. high, much branched, young stems and branches and petioles soft to the touch, glandular-tomentose with scattered long simple hairs. Leaves 1-11 cm. 1., ovate, usually acuminate, cordate, 5-7(9)-nerved, with minute teeth, on both sides soft to the touch and minutely tomentose or glabrescent ; petioles about as long as the leaves B . 47. — Bastardia. A, Portion of flowering branch of B. cosa H. B. & K. , nat. size. B, Capsule of B. bivalvis H. B. & K., x 2. C, Two valves of ditto x -i. or longer; stipules 2-3 mm. 1. Peduncle long, 1-3 ('5-3 '5) cm. 1., puberulous. Calyx 3*5-4 mm. 1., tomentose; lobes acuminate. Petals about 5 mm. 1., tawny-yellow. Capsule 5-8-celled, very minutely tomen- tose ; valves 3 mm. 1., not beaked. Seeds 1'7 mrn. 1., somewhat heart- shaped, black, puberulous with white hairs. B. bivalvis H. B. & K. Nov. Gen. d- Sp. v. 255 (198) (in Obs.) (l8'22).—Griseb. loc. cit. ; K. Schum. torn. cit. 363; E. G. Bak. loc. cit.; Urb. Sijmb. Ant. iv. 393 & mil. 419. B. spinifex Tr. & PI and i. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xvii. 186 (1862). Alcea populi folio incano &c. Sloane Cat. $8 & Hist. i. 222, t. 139, /. 3. Sida bivalvis Cav. Diss. i. 13, t. 11, /. 3. S. viscosa Macf. Jam. i. 84 (excl. syn.) (non£.). S'fra,gra,us L'Her. Stirp. Ill, <. 53(1789). (Fig.47, B,C.) Sloane Herb. iv. 57 (in part), 64 (in part)! Salt Ponds, Macfadyen; Four Mile Wood, St. David, Wilson ! March ! Kingston, Prior ! near Up 1 22 FLORA OK JAMAICA Park Camp, Cam\ Hope grounds, Harris] Fl. Jam. r,u'j.s, G3C.2, S'J14.— C'ub:i, Hispaniola. Porto Rico, trop. S. America. Ih-rb or vlirub to 3-4 ft. hi.uli : young strms and branches, petioles, and peduncles glandular-viscous with small stellate hairs and long simple hairs. 7. •_'-<> (1-13) cm. 1., ovate, acuminate, cordate, 7-mTved, crenate, soft to the touch on both sides, puberulous with minute simple Hale hairs on upper surface, thickly covered with short stellate hairs beneath ; petioles half as long as blade or shorter ; stipules 3-4 mm. 1. 'uncles very short, 1-5 mm. 1. Calyx 7-8 mm. 1., tomentose ; lobes acuminate with a thread-like acumen. Petals nearly 1 cm. 1., pale yellow. Capsule 5-celled, puberulous; valves 3 '5-4 mm. 1., 2-beaked; beaks l'5-2 mm. 1. Seeds about 2 mm. 1., ellipsoidal-globose, black, puberulous with scattered light-coloured hairs. ^ -. Staminal column bearing anthers on the outside, the ' z? ' apex truncate or 5-toothed or -crenate. Style-branches 10. Carpels 5, separating when ripe from the axis or re- ceptacle. Cotyledons as in § 1. 8. MALACHRA L. Hispid herbs or shrubs ; stems usually marked with a tomentose-pubescent line. Leaves palmately angled or lobed, with long petiole ; stipules thread-like. Flowers yellow, white, or red, in dense axillary or terminal heads, with an involucre of leafy bracts. Bracts usually 3, but 5 or 6 in M. radiata, generally doubled down the middle, but flat in M. radiata, shortly stalked or sessile, 3— 9-nerved, nerves and veins prominent beneath, but veins in M. radiata indistinct, each bract with '2 or 4 stipules ; bracts wanting for the inner flowers, but stipules present, irregularly mixed with the flowers or wanting. Involucel of 9-12 bracteoles round single flowers in M. radiata, wanting in other species. Calyx usually increasing after flower- ing, 5-cleft or 5-parted ; lobes 3-nerved. Ovary 5-celled, each with 1 ovule. Pericarp of ripe carpels membranous, with network of veins slightly prominent, splitting open below at the inner angle, 3-sided-obovate. Seeds of somewhat similar form to the carpel, but slightly smaller. Wild Ochra. Species 9, natives of tropical and subtropical America, of which 1 or 2 are also widely dispersed in Asia and Africa. Heads axillary. Calyx 6-8 mm. 1. Outer bracts roundish. Calyx-lobes ovate- lanceolate. Petals 10 mm. 1 1. M. capitata. Outer bracts broadly triangular. Calyx-lobes lanceolate, long-tipped. Petals 15 mm. 1. 2. M. alcecefolia. Calyx 4-5 mm. 1. Leaves undivided 3. M. urens. Leaves 3-5-lobed 4. M. fasciata. Heads terminal .5. M. radiata. Malachra MALVACEAE 123 1. M. capitata L. Syst. ed. 12, 458 (1767) ; whole plant covered with very minute dense stellate hairs, usually forming tomeiitum on young branches and on under surface of leaves : stem with long white simple and stellate hairs ; leaves : lower roundish, palmately sinuate or 5-lobed, upper 3-lobed or un- divided, all at base obtuse, rarely subcordate ; stipules Fig. 4S.—Malachra capitata L. A, Leaf and head of flowers X f. C, Flower with perianth removed cut B, Plan of head of flowers: /, bracts of lengthwise, enlarged. involucre enclosing 6 flowers ; if, sti- D, Fruit with the persistent calyx, en- pules of bracts. larged. E, Seed cut lengthwise x 3. (After A. Gray.) 5-15 mm. 1. ; heads 1-3 in upper axils ; peduncle 1-7 cm. 1. ; bracts roundish to broadly ovate, apex acute, base cordate, entire or 1-2 teeth, to 2 cm. 1., 2*5 cm. br. ; calyx 6-8 mm. 1., lobes ovate-lanceolate; petals yellow, 9-10 mm. 1. — Giirl-i' in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xm. 348 it in Urb. Syml. Ant. iv. 394 & viii. 420; Small. Fl. S.E. U.S. 772. M.^palmata Moench. Merit. 615 (1794) ; Griseb. FL Itr. W. In>. PL 685 (17-").")) <(• Aii/a-n. v. 380. S. hirta assurgens &c. Browne Him'. Jam. 2S 1. (Fig. 48.) Linmeus's type in Herb. Linn. In fl. and fr. Oct. to March; Writ/lit ! Masson ! Lucca, Hitc Green Island, roadside and along edges of pond, dry rocky hill, 200 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 10,252. — West Indies, as far south as Martinique, Texas to Panama. Perennial herb, --6 ft. high. Leaves, lower G-10 cm. 1., shorter above ; stipules two, rarely four. Heads with 3-6 flowers. Bracts somewhat hispid with hairs on upper surface and on nerves beneath, on both sides with very minute hairs, 7-9-nerved. Carpels 3-3 -5 mm. 1., blackish- brown, glabrous. Seeds slightly shorter. 2. M. aleesefolia Jacq. Collect, ii. 350 (1788) & Ic. Rar. //'/'. /. 549 ; stem, branches, petioles, and leaves usually with long riu'id yellowish bulbous hairs, simple or stellate, besides with sparse very short stellate hairs ; leaves : lower cordate at base, upper subcordate or rounded, all roundish or ovate, 3— 5-angled or -lobed ; stipules 10—15 (20) mm. 1. ; heads 3—7 in upper axils ; peduncle 1-10 cm. 1. ; bracts broadly triangular, often somewhat 3 -lobed, apex acute, base deeply cordate, margin sometimes toothed above, sinuate below, to 25 mm. 1. and br. ; calyx 6-7 (8) mm. 1., membranous, whitish ; lobes lanceolate, long tipped ; tips and nerves reddish-brown ; petals yellow, 15 mm. 1. — Gurke in Fl. Bras. xii. pt. 3, 461, in Enyl. Bot. JaJirl. ,cn. 350, iv. in Urb. St/mb. Ant. iv. 394 & viii. 420. M. capitata Cav. Diss. ii. 97, t. 33, f. 1 (1786) (excl. vars.) ; Macf. Jam. i. 59 \ Griseb. torn. cit. 80 (non L.). M. rotundifolia Sclirank PL Har. Hort. Mon. t. 56 (1819). Malva aspera major &c. Sloane Cat. 96 & Hist. i. 217, t. 137, f. 1. In fl. and fr. Aug. -March; in watery places of savannas and by river- sides, Sloane Herb. iv. 48 ! Macfadyen ! Guys Hill, St. Mary, Purdie ! Mt. Diablo, Prior ! Ferry, Liguanea plain, Campbell ! also Harris ! Lucea, Hitchcock; Negril, Harris ! Fl. Jam. 6159, 6176, 8277, 9050, 10,215.- West Indies, Panama to Guiana. Perennial, 1J-6 ft. high. Leaves 12-3 cm. 1. and br., margin irregu- larly crenate-toothed with large teeth, on both sides rough, 5(3)-nerved. Bracts on upper surface and on nerves beneath with scattered long rigid hairs, besides at the base and along the nerves with very minute stellate hairs, 7-nerved. Calyx, tip and nerves on both sides hispid with long rigid hairs. Ripe carpels 3-3 '5 mm. L, puberulous, rarely glabrous. 3. M. urens Poit. in Ledeb. d Adlerstam Diss. 22 (1805) F .JAM All \ <>. P. spicata Cm-. /)/**. ///. 13G, /. 4G, /. 1 (1787); lea. broadly ovate or s< metimes roundish. .-icumiiiate with si narrow tip. liase cordate; flowers in a terminal raceme, sometimes some- what crowded and Bubcorymboae at apex; carpels with cdp-s of back sharp, with 3 project i< >ns at apex, back sometimes crested in middle at apex, the median projection forming part of the crest. — Urb. St/inb. Ant. iv. 397 iV i:iii. 4 '_'.'>. P. racemosa >'"-. Fl. I ,i. Staminal column bearing anthers on the outside, the apex truncate or 5-toothed or very rarely bearing anthers. Style-branches 5. Capsule splitting open loculicidally, the carpels not separating. Cotyledons foliaceous, folded in two, or variously contorted in the folding, sometimes rather thick and very much contorted. 12. HIBISCUS L. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves various, often deeply lobetl. Flowers of various colours, generally handsome. Bracteoles of involucel indefinite in number, rarely 3—5, usually narrow, free or united, sometimes more or less attached to calyx. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-toothed, in some species splitting during flowering, spathe-like. Ovary 5-celled, each cell with '2 or more ovules. Style-branches spreading, enlarged at the apex into capitate or spathulate stigmas. Capsule loculicidally 5-valved. Seeds 2 or more, kidney -shaped. Species about 200, mostly tropical, a few outside the tropics. Calyx 5-cleft or -toothed. Bracteoles free or only slightly united at base. Calyx with thickened margins (10-nerved, nerves to sinus forming margin to the two neigh- bouring lobes). Calyx dry. Leaves 3-lobed. Calyx in fruit leathery, acute ................... ............ . .............. 1. -H. bifurcatus. [Leaves 3-5-parted. Calyx in fruit mem- branous, long acuminate ..................... H. cannabinus.~\ [Calyx fleshy ............................................. H. Sabdariffa.} Calyx without thickened margins. Capsule not winged. Petals not changing colour. Seeds with long white cottony hairs. Bracteoles much shorter than calyx, oblanceolate, more. or less tomentose 2. H. lavateroides. Bracteoles longer than calyx, linear, glabrous or with few hairs ............ 3. H. Irasiliensis. Bracteoles usually shorter than calyx, linear-spathulate, hispid ............... 4. H. pilosus. Hibiscus MALVACE.K 135 Seeds glabrous or pubescent (not cottony). [Leaves ovate, acuminate, with large teeth ........................................ H. Rosa-sinensis.'] Leaves 3-5-angled or -lobed. [Bracteoles longer than calyx. Calyx- lobes lanceolate-linear ............... H. lunar ifolius.~\ Bracteoles shorter than the bell- shaped calyx. Calyx-lobes triangular-pentagonal, hirsute ................................. 5. H. trilobus. Calyx-lobes large, foliaceous, ovate 6. H. clypeatus. [Leaves 3-5-parted. Calyx enlarging and swelling in fruit .................... H. Trionum.] [Petals changing colour ........................... H, mutabilis.] [Capsule 5-winged ..................................... H. vitifolius.'] Bracteoles united into a cup, but free from calyx. Calyx and bracteoles persistent in fruit. Petals usually less than 8 cm. 1 ......................... 7. H. tiliaceus. Calyx, and usually bracteoles also, falling off in fruit. Petals generally more than 9 cm. 1. 8. H. elatus. [Calyx splitting down along one side as the flower opens, spathe-like. [Stem and leaves hirsute ................................. H.AbelmoscJius.] [Stem and leaves glabrous or with few hairs only... H. esculentus.'] 1. H. bifureatus Cat-. Diss. Hi. 146, t. 51, /. 1 prickles usually towards apex of stem and branches and on petioles and nerves of leaves ; leaves 3-lobed to about halfway, lobes deltoid-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, upper sub-3-lobed or simple; bracteoles 9-13, linear, unequally forked at apex, usually longer than calyx in flower, subequal in fruit, covered with white tuberculate hairs or prickles ; calyx with similar hairs, enlarged in fruit, lobes with thickened margins and a gland on median nerve ; seeds with minute tubercles, glabrous. - Macf. Jam. i. 66 ; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 84 ; Gurke in Fl. Bras. tit. pt. 3, 560; Hoclireut. in Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Geneve, iv. 108 (1900) ; Urb. Si/mb. Ant. iv. 399. In fl. Oct.-March ; sea-shore near Spring Garden estate, St. George, Macfadyen. — West Indies, tropical continental America. Undershrub, 3-6 ft. high. Leaves, lower 8-12 cm. 1., cordate; petioles shorter than the blade; stipules linear-awl-shaped 6-8 mm. 1. Peduncles solitary in axils of upper leaves, 1-3 cm. 1. Bracteoles 12-20 mm. 1. Calyx 13-15 mm. 1. in fl., to 2 cm. 1. in fruit. Petals 7-9 cm. 1., purple. Staminal tube about half as long as the corolla. Capsule about as long as the calyx, with long white silky hairs; cells 4-5-seeded. Seeds of irregular form, 3-4 mm. 1. H. cannabinus L. Syst. ed. 10, 1149 (1759), Deccan or Arnbari Hemp of India, widely cultivated in tropics ; annual or perennial ; stem prickly ; upper leaves 3-5-parted nearly to base, lobes narrow, serrate ; petiole generally prickly, usually longer than the blade ; flowers axillary, ;-ub- sessile ; bracteoles 7-10, linear, without or sometimes with an appendage at apex, shorter than the calyx and attached to it at the base ; calyx-lobes long acuminate ; corolla large, spreading, yellow or deep red with a crimson centre ; capsule bristly, shorter than the calyx. L3ti ri.miA or JAMAICA ZKi Our spechru'ns from Hope Gardens, Harris \ (Fl. Jam. li',:1-^',) from Str\\art Town, Jeffrey-Smith ! (Fl. -lam. lo.!i-J~>i arc- without • on rahx, and usually have au appendage at apex of the hracteoles, agreci in the>e respects \vith specimens from Cuba; thus they helong to the form which is considered by some botanists as a distinct specie-, 11. rdiliatiix lav. The hemp is said to be similar to jute, but much superior. H. Sabdariffa L. Sp. PL G95 (1753), French, or Indian, or Ked Sorrel, or Kozelle ; bracteoles and calyx grow together below the middle, increasing iu fruit into a purplish fleshy cup ; stem commonly purplish ; leaves entire or lobed, with a gland at base of midrib beneath; peduncles very short, thickened at apex; corolla yellow ; capsule villous, shorter than the calyx ; >-eeds puberulous. — Wright Mem. 290; Sw. Obs. Bot. 269; Dcsc. FL Ant. i. 148, t. 31; Macf. Jam. i. 67. Hibiscus rufescens &c. Browne Hist. Jam. ; A. Robinson Ic. incd. Alcea acetosa &c. Sloanc Cat. 99 & Hist. i. 224, J[(.rb. iv. 68 ! (in part). — Cultivated in the tropics. The calyx is antiscorbutic ; its acidity neutralizes the bilious secretion ; it is made into preserves, and a decoction sweetened and fermented is the refreshing " sorrel drink." The fibre is strong and silky. Specimens from Distin ! and Prior \ from Jamaica in Herb. Kew. '2. H. lavateroides Moric. in Mem. Soc. Pltys. Gen. vii. 263, /. 16 (1836) ct PL Nouv. d'Amer. 23, t. 16; young stem and branches, petioles, and peduncles tomentose with large stellate hairs ; leaves deltoid-ovate, apex acute, subacuminate, or obtuse, base cordate to truncate; bracteoles about 10, spathulate or oblanceolate, much shorter than the calyx, more or less tomentose ; calyx densely tomentose, lobes united to nearly halfway up ; seeds dark brown, with long white cottony hairs. — HemsL BioL Cent. Am. Bot. i. 121 ; Hochreut. torn. cit. 77. Original specimen from Moricand in Herb. Mus. Brit. Greenland, E. G. Britton, 2898 !— Mexico, Honduras. Shrubby herb, 2-3 ft. high, or more. Leaves 3-9 cm. L, irregularly serrate, sometimes slightly lobed on each side, with stellate hairs on both sides, denser beneath ; petioles shorter than the blade ; stipules linear- awl-shaped, 3-6 mm. 1. Flowers solitary in the upper axils with peduncle about twice or thrice as long as petiole. Calyx about 17 (15-22) mm. 1. ; lobes triangular, subacumiuate. Petals 3-4 cm. 1., with large stellate hairs on the outside, rosy pink or madder lake colour. Staminal tube usually shorter than the corolla. Capsule shorter than the calyx, covered with minute stellate hairs or glabrate. 3. H. brasiliensis L. Sp. PL cd. 2, 977 (1763) ; young stem and branches glabrous or with very few hairs, often with a tomentose line ; leaves deltoid-ovate more or less subacuminate, base truncate to obtuse; bracteoles 9—10, linear, acuminate, longer than calyx or about as long, glabrous or with a few stellate hairs : calyx somewhat hispid, lobes united usually to about 4 mm. from base ; seeds black, with long white cottony hairs. — Hochreut. torn. cit. 87 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 398 & viii. 424. H. phceniceus Jacq. Hort. Vindob. Hi. 11, /. 14(1776); Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 85 ; GilrJce torn. cit. 566. H. unilateralis Cor. Hibiscus MALVACEAE 13V Diss. Hi. 158, t. 67, /. F, e, /. ; Macf. Jam. i. 71. H. foliis cordato-ovatis £c. Plum. PL Amer. (Burm.) 153, ?. 160, /. 1. Probably native, also cultivated ; Macfadyen ; Lane \ hills, Moneague, Prior \ March I Kingston (cult.), Harris I Fl. Jam. 11,873. — Cuba , His- paniola, Porto Rico, St. Thomas, St. Cruz, St. Bartholomew, St. Christopher, Antigua, Guadeloupe, Martinique (cult.), St. Vincent, Curasao, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana. Shrubby herb, 2-5 ft. high. Leaves 3-5(-9) cm. 1., crenate-serrate with large teeth, occasionally with an indication of a lobe at each side, on both sides with a few stellate hairs ; petioles 1-2 cm. 1. ; stipules thread-like, 5-6 mm. 1. Flowers solitary in axils ; peduncle 3-5 cm. 1. Calyx 10-12 mm. 1., lobes ovate to lanceolate, acuminate. Petals l'7(-2) cm. 1., spreading, with large stellate hairs on outside, dark crimson or white. Staminal tube shorter than or about equalling the corolla. Capsule shorter than the calyx, covered with small stellate hairs. 4. H. pilosus cornlj. nov.; young stern and branches with adpressed stellate hairs, often with tomentose lines ; leaves deltoid-ovate, apex obtuse, base cordate to truncate ; bracteoles Fig. 52. — Hibiscus pilosus Fawc. & Rendle. A, Flower and leaf, nat. size. B, Capsule, nat. size. C, Seed x 2. 9-10, linear-spathulate, usually shorter than the calyx, hispid ; calyx hispid, lobes united usually nearly halfway ; seeds black, with long white cottony hairs. — H. spiralis Cav. Icon. ii. 47, t. 162 (1793) ; Hemsl. Biol Cent. Am. Bot. i. 122 ; Hochreut. l.".S FLORA OF JAMAICA Hi' ion. clt. 1*0. II. Bancroft ianus Nn<-f. Jam. i. 70 (1837) ; loc. rit. H. truncatus Hi-It. ,S>/'/'''' Citl>. •' • 53, <. 16 ( 1 * 1">). Achania pilosa. ,SV. YYoJr. lu:» (1788) & FL In2.) Specimen of Aclmnii j>il<>sd of Ait. Hurt. \\--\\-. in Herb. Mus. Brit. Bancroft I common in the higher mountains, Mac fa fly en ; ^^^tn•hl near Falmouth ; Plowdcn Hill, 800 ft.; Salem, Llandovery, - Ann; southern Manchester; Harris I Fl. Jam. 7224, 81G7, 10,379, 12,693. — Cuba, Mexico. Shrubby herb, 2-5 ft. high. Leaves 2-5(-8) cm. 1., irregularly crenate- serrate, occasionally with an indication of a lobe at each side, on both sides with stellate and simple hairs ; petioles shorter than the blade, l-3(-5) cm. 1., hispid; stipules awl-shaped, sometimes from a broad base, 4-6 mm. 1. Flowers solitary in the upper axils, with peduncle about twice or thrice as long as the petiole. Calyx about 12 (9-15) mm. 1. ; lobes lanceolate, subacuminate. Petals rolled spirally below into a tube, 2 -2-2 -6 cm. 1., glabrous outside, crimson. Stamiiwl tube longer than the corolla. Capside longer than the calyx, covered with long stellate hairs. H. Rosa-sinensis L. Sp. PL 694 (1753) ; leaves ovate, acuminate ; peduncles as long as or longer than the adjoining leaf ; bracteoles linear- tapering, 6 or 7, half the length of the bell-shaped calyx ; corolla red ; staminal tube longer than corolla ; fruit not formed in Jamaica. — Macf. Jam. i. 65. — Cultivated in tropics. Type in Herb. Linn. Cultivated in gardens, and often grown as a hedge. Native of tropical Asia. The common name " Shoe-black " is due to the use made of the flower. Specimens from Macfadycn\ and Prior! from Jamaica in Herb. Kew. [H. lunarifolius Willd. Sp. PL Hi. 811 (1800); young stem and branches hispid with adpressed hairs ; leaves on flowering branches roundish-cordate with 3-5 acuminate angles ; bracteoles about 10, lanceolate-linear, united at the base, longer by 2-5 mm. than the calyx ; lower third of calyx cup-like, lobes lanceolate- linear ; seeds black, with very minute stellate hairs arranged irregularly.— Mast, in Fl Trop. Afr. i. 202 & in Hook. f. Fl Br. Ind. i. 338 : Hochreut. torn. cit. 160. Naturalized, an escape from Hiiiton East's botanic garden whence Priori got a specimen; Gordon Town, Ball I near Gordon Town; Hope River course, 600 ft.; Harris I Fl. Jam. 8260. — Native of tropical Africa, India, Ceylon. Undcrshrub, 3-6 ft. high. Leaves 4-9 (-14) cm. 1., serrate or crenate, on both sides with simple and stellate hairs, denser beneath ; petioles usually longer than the blades, more or less tomentose. Peduncles very short, thickened above, tomentose, 1-flowered, in axils of upper leaves, and forming a terminal, more or less leafless, raceme. Bracteoles 13-18 mm. 1. Petals pale yellow with a dark purple centre, 5-6 cm. 1. Staminal tube half as long as petals, bearing anthers to the base. Capsule 15-18 mm. 1., ovoid-ellipsoidal, hispid ; valves with a long beak at apex 5-7 mm. 1. Seeds about 3 mm. L] 5. H. trilobus Aiibl. PI Guian. ii. 708 (1775); young stem and branches armed with prickles ; leaves on flowering branches 3-lobed or sub-5-lobed, subacuminate, strongly serrate, base Hibiscus MALVACEAE 139 truncate or subcordate ; bracteoles 12—14, linear-acuminate, about half as long as the calyx, hirsute ; calyx hirsute, 5-cleft about one-fourth of its length, lobes triangular-pentagonal ; seeds puberulous-velvety with reddish hairs. — Cav. Diss. Hi. 147, t. 53, /. 2 ; Descourt. Fl. Ant. vi. 4, t. 381 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 85 (in part) ; Hochrent. torn. tit. 142 ; Vrb. Symb. Ant. iv. 399 & viii. 425, tfe in Fedde Hep. xvi. 34. H. domingensis Jacq. Col. Hi. 213 (1789) & Ic. PL Ear. Hi. t. 550. H. aquaticus Tussac FL Ant. Hi. 102, t. 31 (1824) (non DC.). H. foliis trilobis &c. Plum. PL Amer. (Burm.) 152, t. 159, /. 1 & Ic. ined. v. 279. Wright ! Distin. — Hispaniola, Porto Rico. Tree, 10 ft. high. Leaves (on flowering branches) 7-11 cm. 1., on both sides hispid, especially on the nerves ; petioles a little shorter than the leaves, with or without prickles, sparingly puberulous, tomentose in furrow above, the line of tomentum more or less decurrent. Peduncles axillary, solitary, longer or shorter than the petiole, 1-flowered. Calyx 3-3*5 cm. 1., bell-shaped; lobes 5-nerved. Petals 7-8 cm. 1., scarlet or light purple and very dark purple at base. Staminal tube about half as long as the corolla. Capsule about as long as the calyx, hispid with light yellow hairs ; cells with numerous seeds. Seeds about 3-5 mm. 1. 6. H. clypeatus L. Sijst. ed. 10, 1149 (1759); more or less velvety all over ; leaves sub-3-lobed-angular, cordate, sub- acuminate ; bracteoles 9-11, linear-lanceolate, unequal in length, much shorter than the calyx ; calyx 5-cleft, lobes long, foliaceous, ovate, acute : seeds roundish-ellipsoidal, very dark brown, glab- rous.—&0. Obs. 270 ; West, St. Croix, 298 ; Desc. Fl. Ant. vii. 278, L 517; Macf. Jam. i. 69; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 85; Hochreut. torn. cit. 144 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 400. H. foliis cordato- angulatis &c. Plum. PL Amer. (Burm.) 153, t. 160, /. 2. H. fru- ticosus diffusus &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 286. H. tomentosus Mill. Diet. ed. 8 (1768). Malva arborea. . .veluto &c. Sloane Cat. 95 & Hist. i. 216, t. 135, /. 1. Miller's type in Herb. Mus. Brit. Congo Mahoe. In fl. and fr. Dec. -Feb. ; Bed Hills, Sloane Herb. iv. 44! Houstounl Wright ! Sheldon Works and Five Mile Wood, St. David ; Salt River, St. Dorothy ; Macfadyen \ St. Andrew, Me Nab ! March ; New Forest, 500 ft. ; Mona, 1000 ft. ; Hall's Delight, Port Royal lilts. ; Long Mt., 800-900 ft. ; Harris I Fl. Jam. 7240, 7893, 8254, 8868, 9060.— Cayman, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, St. Cruz (West). Trailing shrub or small tree, 6-15 ft. high. Leaves 1-2 dm. L, smaller at apex, with small teeth ; petioles varying in length, often about half as long as the leaves. Peduncles axillary, solitary, about twice as long as the petiole, 1-flowered. Calyx 3 '5-4 cm. L, longer in fruit, lobes 5-nerved. Petals 4*5-6 cm. 1., reddish-yellow, velvety on backs. Staminal tube nearly a$ long as the corolla. Capsule shorter than the calyx, hirsute- tomentose, with bright yellow hairs on the outside and on the margins of the valves inside ; cells with numerous seeds. Seeds about 4 rnm. 1. The bark makes a very fine strong cord, and is employed to make the lashes of whips. (Macfadyen.) H. mutabilis L. Sp. PL 694 (1753) & Amccn. v. 380, Changeable Rose or Hibiscus ; small tree or shrub ; leaves 5-angled ; peduncles axillary, nearly 140 FLORA OF JAMAICA Hil>ixc>t>i as long as the leaf ; bracteoles 10, nearly free ; corolla white or pink on lirst opening in the morning and deep red by night. — Wright Mem. 289; Desc. !•'>'. Ant. ir. 171, t. 270. H. fruticosus brachiatus &c. Bro-wne II Jam. 286. Type in Herb. Linn.— Native of China and Japan. Cult, in tropics. H. Trionum L. S]>. PI. G97 (1753) ; annual, 1-2 ft. high ; leaves, upper 3-5-parted, lower roundish, undivided ; bracteoles 7-12, linear-tapering ; rnlyx 5-cleft, increasing in size and becoming inflated in fruit; corolla yellow with a purple centre, twice as large as calyx or more ; capsule as long as calyx, bristly ; seeds minutely warted. — Naturalized ; in waste places, Cinchona, 5000 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 12,338. Type in Herb. Linn. —South Europe and hotter parts of the Old World. [H. vitifolius L. 82). PL 696 (1753) ; young stem and branches velvety ; leaves 3-angular or -lobed or sub-5-lobed, cordate; bracteoles 10-12, thread-like, shorter than the calyx; calyx hirsute, 5-cleft to about the middle, lobes ovate, 5-nerved ; capsule-valves winged ; seeds minutely warted. — Cav. Diss. Hi. 145, t. 58, f. 2 ; Mast, in FL Trop. Afr. i. 197 & in Hook. f. FL Br. Ind. //338; Griscbach FL Br. W. Ind. 85. Type in Herb. Hermann in Herb. Mus. Brit. Wilson \ March \ Kingston, Hitchcock; Windward Eoad, Campbell ! marsh near Rock Fort, Harris & Britton ! Fl. Jam. 5975, 10,794. — Naturalized in the West Indies. Native in the tropics of Africa, India, and Australia. Tall, branched herb. Leaves 2-10 cm. 1., toothed, velvety and soft to the touch on both sides ; petioles about as long as the blades ; stipules thread-like, 3-4 mm. 1. Peduncles axillary, 1 (or 2), about as long as the petioles, 1-flowered, often crowded at ends of branches. Calyx 15-20 mm. 1., 5-cleft to about the middle, hirsute. Petals yellow with a large purple spot at the base, 4-6 cm. 1. Staminal tube about half as long as the corolla. Capsule globose, hirsute, beaked, shorter than the enlarged calyx. Seeds about 3 mm. L] 7. H. tiliaceus L. Sp. PL 694 (1753) ; tree or shrub 10-15 (6-35) ft. high ; leaves roundish or roundish-ovate, usually shortly and abruptly acuminate, cordate ; bracteoles below united into a cup but free from calyx, 6-17 mm. L, 8-11-toothed, or -lobed, persistent; calyx 16-32 mm. L, 5-cleft to about the middle, 3-nerved, middle nerve sometimes with a split gland, persistent ; seeds covered with minute warts. — Cav. Diss. Hi. 151, t. 55, /. 1 ; Bot. Beg. 232; Tussac FL Ant. ii. 18, t. 5 ; Descourt. FL Ant. ii. 327, t. 148 ; Macf. Jam. i. 69 ; Mast, in FL Trop. Afr. i. 207 & in Hook. f. FL 'Br. Ind. i. 343 ; Watt Diet. Econ. Pr. Ind. ; Giirlte torn. cit. 567 (in part) ; Hoclireut. torn. cit. 62 (in part) ; Small FL S.E. U.S. 776 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 398 (in part) ; Guppy Plants. . . W. Ind. 214. H. arboreus Desv. ex Hamilton Prodr. 49 (1825). Malva arborea maritima &c. Sloane Cat. 95 & Hist, i. 215, t. 134,/. 4 ; Catesby Nat, Hist. ii. 90, t. 90. Althaea maritima &c. Browne Hic.t. Jam. 284. Paritium tiliaceum A. Juss. in St. Hil. FL Bras. Mer. i. 256 (1825) ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 86; Britt. FL Berm. 239 (under Pariti); Britt. & Milhp. Hibiscus MALVACEAE 141 Bah. Fl. 273 (under Pariti], Types in Herb. Hermann (with icon.) in Herb. Mus. Brit., and in Herb Linn. Sea-side Mahoe. Sea-side, St. Ann, Sloane Herb. iv. 43 ! common by sea-sbore, Mac- fadyen \ McNab \ Holland Bay, Purdie ! Port Antonio, Hitchcock. — Bermuda (naturalized), Florida, sea-sbore in all tropical lands. Leaves 8-20 cm. 1., entire or minutely crenate, on upper surface glabrous, beneatb boary-tomentose, venation prominent beneatb, usually witb a split gland at tbe base of tbe median nerve or of tbe tbree median nerves; petioles long; stipules 2-4 cm. 1., oblong, soon falling. Flowers solitary in axils of uppermost leaves, sometimes 2 or 3 close together. Petals 40-70(-90) mrn. 1., obovate, yellow. Staminal tube nearly as long as tbe petals, bearing stamens in its whole lengtb. Capsule 15-20(-30) mm. 1., ovoid, loculicidally 5-valved, many-sided, tomentose. Seeds 4 mm. 1. Dampier wrote of tbis tree: — "Tbe Musketo Indians make tbeir lines botb for fisbing and striking witb tbe bark wbicb is made up of strings or tbreads, very strong ; you may draw it off eitber in flakes or small tbreads. "Tis fit for any manner of cordage, and Privateers often make tbeir rigging of it." For tbe Pacific islander it supplies tbe materials for cordage, nets, native cloth, &o. ; and it is also used for planking and building light boats. Watt states that the fibre seems highly suitable for the paper trade. From Roxburgh's experiments it seems that the fibre gains in strength when tarred. 8. H. elatus Sw. Prodr. 102 (1788) & Fl. Incl Occ. 1218; tree 50 to 80 ft. high, diameter to 3 ft. ; involucel usually falling off; calyx 34-50 mm. L, falling off in fruit ; petals 95-110 mm. 1., more or less oblong, changing colour — pale primrose in morning, becoming orange and deep red as the day advances, dark red at base ; capsule 30-33 mm. L, globose, hirsute with adpressed hairs ; seeds villous. — Wright Mem. 288 ; Macf. Jam. i. 68. Paritiuni elatum G. Don. Gen. Hist. i. 485 (1831) ; Rich, in Sagra Cub. x. 54 ; Griseb. loc. cit. ; Gappy loc. cit. H. arboreus &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 284. Malva arborea tkc. Sloane Cat. 95 & Hist. i. 215, t. 134, /. 2, 3. Description like that of H. tiliaceus except in the foregoing details. Blue or Mountain Mahoe, Cuba Bark. Moist inland parts, Sloane Hb. iv. 42 ! Wright ! Macfadyen ! interior of Westmoreland, Purdie ! Wilson ! Dove Hall, Moneague, Prior ! March \ St. George, Watti Eobertsfield, 2000 ft.; Harris I Phoenix Park, Mo- neague, Faiucett & Harris ! Fl. Jam. 6179, 7046.— Cuba. Tbe wood is of a brownish colour with darker or lighter bauds, the best variety, when fully ripe, being dark mottled green, having the appear- ance when polished of dark-green variegated marble. The grain is somewhat coarse, surface lustrous. Tbe wood is very bard, but not so hard as rosewood (Amyris balsamifera). Wood of good colour is used in cabinet work, for furniture, &c. ; it is much used locally for building- purposes, for carriage and cart work and for railway sleepers, it also yields good shingles. It is very flexible, and is said to have " all tbe characters of the best European ash, but is more durable and longer in tbe fibre." Use is made of it for gun-stocks, carriage poles, ships' knees, and fishing rods. Weight 44 to 49 Ibs. per cubic foot. The fibres of the bark of 141' FLORA OF JAMAICA Hibiscus young trees make good ropes. The lace-like inner bark was at one time known as Cuba bark from its being used as the material for tying round bundles of Havana cigars. The use of the bark of young trees for making ropes should be sternly suppressed, as it entails the destruction of valuable timber trees. An infusion of the mucilaginous leaves and young shoots is used in dysentery. [H. Abelmosehus L. Sp. PL 696 (1753) & Amcen. v. 380; stem and leaves hispid or hirsute ; leaves 3-5-lobed or -angled, more or less hastate or cordate ; bracteoles 10-12 mm. 1., 8-10, hirsute; calyx 2 '5-3 '5 cm. 1., 5-toothed, cleft during flowering 011 one side and at length dropping oft* from a persistent base, pubescent; petals 4-8 cm. 1. ; seeds glabrous, striate, of a musky smell. — Cav. Diss. Hi. 167, t. 62, /. 2; Macf. Jam. i. 67; Mast, in Fl Trop. Afr. i. 207 & in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. i. 342 ; Watt Diet. Econ. Pr. Ind. ; Giirke in Fl. Bras. xii. pt. 3, 570 ; Hocltrcut. torn. cit. 150 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 401 & viii. 426. H. hispidus tfec. Browne Hist. Jam. 285 ; A. Robinson Ic. ined. H. moscheutos Wright Mem. 289 (non L.). Alcea hirsuta &c. Sloane Cat. 98 & Hist. i. 223. Abelmosehus moschatus Medic. Malv. 46 (1787) ; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 84. Alcea moschata &c. Pluk. Pliyt. t. 127, f. 1. Specimen in Hort. Cliff, in Herb. Alus. Brit, Musk Ochra, Musk Seed, Wild Ochra. Naturalized and cultivated ; Sloane Herb. iv. 69 ! Wright \ Liguanea plain, Bancroft \ Shakspear ! St. Mary, McNab \ Lacovia, Tomlinson. — Apparently native in India, and now naturalized and cultivated throughout the tropics. Undershrub, seldom lasting more than a year, about 4 ft. high. Leaves f lower 10-15 cm. L, upper smaller, on both sides hirsute or pubescent ; petioles long; stipules awl-shaped, 5-6 mm. 1. Petals sulphur-yellow, with crimson or purplish claws. Staminal tube 3 or 4 times shorter than the petals. Capsule 4-7 cm. L, lanceolate-ovoid, hirsute, 5-celled ; cells many-seeded. Seeds 4-5 mm. 1. Yields a strong fibre and a larger crop per acre than most fibre plants. Seeds used in. perfumery as a cheap substitute for musk ; also used medicinally in tincture as a stimulant, stomachic, and antispasmodic ; also strung as beads.] [H. esculentus L. Sp. PI. 696 (1753) & Amocn. v. 380; stem and leaves glabrous or with a few simple hairs ; usually 5-lobed to the middle; bracteoles 10-13 mm. 1., 8-12, hirsute; calyx 1-5-2*5 cm. 1., 5-toothed, clei't during flowering on one side and at length dropping off from a persistent base, pubescent ; petals 3-6 cm. 1. ; seeds globose-kidney-shaped, striate, somesvhat hairy, 5 mm. in cliam.— -Wright Mem. 217 ; Cav. Diss. Hi. 168, t. 61, /. 2; Tussac Fl. Ant. i. 91, t. 10; Stokes Mat. Med. in. 546; Desc. FL Ant. iv. 165, t. 269; Macf. Jam. i. 66; Mast, in Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 207 & in Hook. f. Fl. 'Br. Ind. i. 343 ; Watt Diet. Econ. Pr. Ind. ; GiirJce in FL Bras. xii. pt. 3, 569 ; Hochreut. torn, cit. 150 ; Urb. Sytiib. Ant. iv. 401 tir viii. 426. H. ramosus kc. Hibiscus MALVACEAE 143 Browne Hist. Jam. 285 ; A. Robinson Ic. ined. Alcea maxima. . . fructu pentagono &c., Do. . . . decagono &c. Sloane Cat. 98 & Hist, i 222, 223. Abelmoschus esculentus Moench. Meth. 617 (1794); Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 84; Britt. & Millsp. Bali. Fl. 272. Type in Herb. Linn. Ochr a. Naturalized and cultivated ; Sloane Herb. iv. 66, 67 ! Wright \ Lucea, Hitchcock.— Tropics of Old World, and now cultivated in all tropical and subtropical regions. Herbaceous under shrub, 3-6(-12) ft. high. Leaves, on both sides with a few simple hairs; petioles long; stipules thread-like, 8-11 mm. 1. Petals yellow, with reddish claws. Staminal tube about half as long as the corolla. Capsule 8-1-2 cm. 1., l'5-2 cm. br., lanceolate-ovoid, hirsute, 5-celled ; cells many-seeded. Yields a good fibre, but not so strong as that from H. Abelmoschus, and only a small crop per acre ; a patent was taken out in France for making paper from it. The full but unripe fruit is an excellent vegetable. It abounds in mucilage, and is either dressed plain or employed in soups. Inhalation of the vapour of the decoction is serviceable in allaying cough, hoarseness, and affections generally of the throat. Seeds yield an oil similar to olive' oil.] 13. KOSTELETZKYA Presl Herbs or shrubs, generally hispid or rough. Leaves some- times with angular lobes. Peduncles with 1 or more flowers, axillary or in terminal racemes or panicles. Bracteoles 5-10, sometimes minute or almost wanting. Calyx 5-parted to 5-toothed. Ovary 5-celled, each cell with 1 ovule. Style- branches with capitate or dilated stigmas. Capsule somewhat flattened down, with 5 prominent angles, splitting open locu- licidally. Seeds kidney-shaped, ascending. Species 8, natives of subtropical and tropical America (incl. Jamaica). K. pentasperma Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 83 (1859) ; Hemsl. Bot. Biol. Cent. Am. i. 120. K. sagittata Presl Bel. Haenk. ii. 131, t. 70 (1836); Giirke in Fl. Bras. xii. pt. 3, 572, t. 111. K. hispida Presl torn. cit. 132. Hibiscus pentaspermus Bertero ex DC. Prodr. i. 447 (1824) ; Macf. Jam. i. 65. H. tampicensis Moric. PL Nouv. Amer. 20, t. 14 (1836). Melochia depressa Hill. Diet. ed. 8 & Fig. PI t. 3, /. B (1768) (non L.). (Fig. 53.) Specimens from Presl and Miller in Herb. Mus. Brit. Houstounl Massonl Distinl Morass, Savanna la Mar, Purdie ! March \ Banks of Ferry Eiver, Liguanea ; road to Spanish Town; Meylersfield, Westmoreland; Harris \ Fl. Jam. 8189, 9054, 11,790, 11,829.— Cuba, Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Venezuela. Shrubby herb, 3-6 ft. high ; stem, branches, stipules, petioles, leaves, peduncles sparsely or densely covered with spreading white tuberculate hairs, also with one or two longitudinal tomentose lines with minute stellate hairs on branches. Leaves 3-8 cm. 1., lanceolate to ovate, acuminate to acute, base rounded, truncate to cordate, sometimes sub- 144 FLORA OF JAM All A Kostelct-kya lobed and base sagittate or hastate, irregularly toothed ; petioles one-third long as blades below, gradually getting shorter upwards ; stipules thread-like, 3-9 mm. 1. Peduncles solitary, one-flowered, axillary, 5 cm. 1. below, gradually decreasing upwards to 1 cm. Bradcolcs linear, shorter than calyx. Calyx about 4 mm. 1., 5-parted ; lobes triangular. Corolla white (drying yellow), three times as long as calyx. Staminal tube half as long as corolla. Capsule 8-10 mm. in diam., keels hispid with curved hair-. Fig. 53. — Kosteletzkya pentasperma Griseb. A, Leaf and flower x B, Fruit x 2. C, Seed x 4. valves marked with one median rib and several transverse. Seeds about 2-5 mm. 1., blackish-brown, with minute 2-3-branched hooked hairs; and with very minute pits, or glabrous. We are inclined to agree with Bentham (PL Hartweg. 114) that the species referred to in his note on K. sagittata are conspecific with above species. Specimens (PL Haenk.) of K. hispida and K. sagittata from Presl are in Herb. Mus. Brit. 14. THESPESIA Solander ex Correa Trees or tall herbs. Leaves entire, sometimes with angular lobes. Flowers axillary, generally yellow, handsome. Bracteoles 3-8, small or soon falling. Calyx truncate, with 5 minute or bristle-like teeth, rarely 5-cleft. Ovary 5-celled, cells with aiew ovules ; style thickened, and with 5 furrows and distinct stigmas at the apex, or divided into 5 erect short branches which bear stigmas. Capsule somewhat leathery or woody, releasing the seeds by its decay, or sometimes loculicidally 5-valved. Seeds obovoid, 2-3 in each cell ; cotyledons black-dotted, folded together. Species 7, natives of tropics. T. populnea Solander (ms. «fc tab. pict. by S. Parkinson ined. in Herb. Mus. Brit.) ex Correa in Ann. Mus. Par. ix. 290, t. 25, Thespesia MALVACEAE 145 /. 1 (1807) ; Wight Ic. t. 8 ; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 87 ; Mast, in 'Hook. f. FL Br. Ind. i. 345 ; Watt Diet. Econ. Pr. Ind. ; E. G. Bak. in Journ. Bot. xxxv. 51 ; Cook & Coll. in Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. viii. 253, «. 58, 59 ; Small FL S.E. U.S. 777 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 401 ; Guppy Plants, Seeds &c. in W. Indies &c. 244, &c. ; Britt. FL Berm. 240 ; Britt. & Millsp. Bali. FL 273. Hibiscus populneus L. Sp. PL 694 (1753) ; Cav. Diss. Hi. 152, t. 56, /. 1. D E Fig. 54. — Thespesia populnea Solander. A, Leaf and flower with a petal C, Fruit partly cut open x '?. removed x §. D, Seed, nat. size. B, Stamen x 7. E, Embryo, nat. size. Malvaviscus populneus Gaertn. Fruct. ii. 253, t. 135 (1791). (Fig. 54.) Type in Herb. Hermann in Herb. Mus. Brit. Sea-side Mahoe, John Bull Tree. Sea-shore; Distin ; Wilsonl Morant Bay, Prior ! Marcli ; J.P. 619, Morris \ Kingston, H itchcock ; Harris I — Tropics. A small tree usually ; herbaceous parts covered with peltate scales. Leaves 5-20 cm. 1., entire, ovate, acute or acuminate, cordate, 5-7-nerved, with a glandular pore between the bases of nerves beneath ; petiole two- thirds as long as the blade. Peduncles as long as or shorter than the petiole. Bractcoles 3-5, as long as calyx, oblong-lanceolate. Calyx V. L 146 FLOE A OK .JAMAICA Thcspcsia 7-9 rani. 1.. cup-shaped, sometimes with 5 minute teeth. Petals 5-G cm. 1., changing colour from yellow to purple as the day advances. Fruit 3 cm. in diam.. globose. Seeds 8-10 mm. 1., with 1 or 2 flat inner faces and rounded back, more or less tomeutose, often becoming villose at angles, apex, and base. This tree, as well as the Silk-cotton tree, harbours the Cotton Stainer, and is therefore destroyed in those West Indian islands where the cotton crop is au important staple. 15. GOSSYPIUM L. Herbs, or shrubs, sometimes arborescent, generally marked all over with black dots, often with simple or stellate hairs. Leaves 3— 5(7)-lobed or occasionally entire. Flowers pedunculate, A, Flower about to open x |. B, Flower with calyx and corolla cut away, showing staminal tube enclosing pistil, X §. C, Pistil with ovary cut lengthwise, nat. size. Fig. 55. — Gossypium barbadense L. D, Capsule open, showing mass of cotton, x |. E, Seed with cotton attached X 3. F, Seed cut lengthwise, showing twisted embryo, x 1J. Gossypium MALVACEAE 147 solitary, in the axils of the upper leaves, large, yellow to purple. Bracteoles of involucel 3, large, cordate, usually cut above into narrowly lanceolate acuminate segments. Calyx truncate or 3-5-toothed or -crenate. Ovary 3-5-celled ; each cell with an indefinite number of ovules attached at the central angle ; style with thickened apex with 3-5 furrows and 3-5 stigmas. Capsule splitting loculicidally. Seeds sometimes adhering together in a kidney-shaped mass, more often free, covered with long hairs (lint, cotton) or with very short hairs (fuzz), or more or less with both, fuzz and lint of a rusty colour or white, and fuzz sometimes greenish ; cotyledons with many folds, usually black- spotted, with auricles at the base rolled round the straight radicle. Cotton of commerce. Species, according to Todaro, 54, which probably should be reduced to about 10, natives of tropics and subtropics. Seeds in each cell of the capsule united into a kidney- shaped mass 1. G. lapideum. Seeds free. Bracteoles dentate, united at base. Leaves with lobes narrow, oblong-lanceolate. Seeds covered with fuzz 2. G. arboreum. Bracteoles deeply cut into lanceolate acuminate segments, free or almost free at base. Leaves with lobes deltoid to ovate or oblong. Seeds covered with fuzz ; lint firmly adherent. Leaves villose or hirsute beneath or glabrous 3. G. hirsutum. Seeds covered, or only partially covered, with fuzz ; lint firmly adherent. Leaves usually tomentose beneath 4. G. peruvianum. Seeds with only a small portion of the surface covered with fuzz ; lint easily separable. Leaves more or less glabrous. Lateral lobes of leaf longer than body of leaf ... 5. G. barbadense. Lateral lobes shorter than body 6. G. purpurascens. 1. G. lapideum Tussac FL Ant. ii. 67 (1818). G. brasiliense Macf. Jam. i. 72 (1837) ; Tod. Eelaz. Monogr. Goss. 265, it. 9, 12, /. 34 ; Watt Wild & Cult. Cott. 295, t. 50. G. acuminatum Roxb. FL Ind. 186 (1832) ; WujU III. Ind. Bot. i. 57, t. 27. G. barba- dense var. a Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 86 (1859). G. religiosum Par/. Sp. Cot. 54, t. 4 (1866) (in part, excl. many syn.) ; GtirJce in FL Bras. xii. pt. 3, 583 (in part, excl. many syn.) (noil .L.). Specimen in Herb. Linn, without name. Chain Cotton, Kidney Cotton. Houstoun\ St. Mary, McXabl Hall's Deligbt ; Mavis Bank; Harris I FL Jam. 5255. — S. America, cult, throughout tropics. Shrub, 4-5 ft. higb, or small tree, pubescent, hirsute, or glabrate. Leaves 10-17 cm. 1., with 4 or 5 (3) lobes; lobes ovate or ovate-oblong, acuminate. Peduncles with a gJand at apex below each bracteole. Bracteoles nearly as long as or longer than petals, broadly cordate, cut into 9-13 segments, often with long hair-like points. Capsule : valves 3(-5), L 2 14S FLORA <)K JAMAICA Gk ovate-oblong, acuminate, pit-marked. »S mi ted together into one mass, naked, with white lint. 2. G. arboreum L. Sj>. PI. (V.).0, (1753); Mixt. /// Fl. 7Y.r. Afr. i. 21 1 A- /// Hook. /'. ri. Br. Lid. /'. 347 : \\'«tt torn. cit. (incl. vars.) 81. G. herbaceum itc. P////,-. /%/. 188, ./'. 3. G. spenmim J\Licf. Jt). Type inKrrl>. Linn. Plukcnet's specimens in Herb. Sloane (xcvi. 59, c. 107). Tree Cotton. Liguanea plain, Macfadyen; near Rock Fort, Thompson !— In gardens in most tropical countries. Shrub or tree, 6-15 ft. high; young portions pubescent. Leaves 5-8 cm. L, deeply 3-5(7)-lobed or entire; lobes oblong-lanceolate, mucronate. Peduncles without glands at apex. Bractcoles with 3-5 (7) lanceolate teeth at apex or nearly entire, obviously united at base. Capsule 3-4-celled, '2-3 cm. L, rough. Seeds covered with fuzz, lint firmly attached. 3. G. hirsutum L. % PL ed. 2, 975 (1763) & Nant. 436; ill. Diet. ed. 8 ; Sw. Ols. Sot. 265 (we take " semma adhse- rentia" to mean adhering to the lint in contrast to "facile separanda" of G. barbadense) ; Macf. Jam. i. 74 ; Griscl). FL Br. W. Ind. 86 ; ParL Sp. Cot. 41, t. 5 ; 'Tod. Belaz. Monorjr. Cot. 210 ; Gurke in FL Bras. xii. pt. 3, 581 & hi Urb. Syml. Ant. ii: 402 ; Watt Wild <(• Cult. Cott. 183. G. procerius etc. Browne Hist. Jam. 282 ; A. Hob in son Ic. ined. G. tricuspidatum Lam. Encyc. ii. 135 (1786); Tussac FL Ant. ii. 65, t. 17. G. religiosum L. Syst. ed. 12, 462 (1767) ct Herb. G. punctatum Sclium. d1 Thonn. Beskr. Guin. PL in Vid. Sel Skr. Copenli. iv. 83 (1829); Britt. & MiUsp. Bah. FL 274 ; Watt op. cit. 168 (1907) (incl. vars.). G. jamaicense Jlacf. Jam. i. 73 (1837). filler's specimen in Herb. Mus. Brit. Short Staple Cottons. McNab ! Montego Bay, Parnell ! Bull Bay road, Thompson ! Sea-coast between Portland Point and Kocky Point, Harris ! Fl. Jam. 10,17'J.— Tropical America and Africa. Shrub, 4-15 ft. high, usually villose or hirsute with long spreading simple and stellate hairs. Leaves 4-12(-15) cm. L, broadly and somewhat shallowly cordate, with 3(-5) lobes, or sometimes entire, glabrous on upper surface or with a few simple hairs near base, hirsute or villose beneath, especially at base on the nerves, with one gland beneath ; lobes short, deltoid to ovate and usually shortly acuminate, more or less ascending ; petioles nearly as long as the blade, villose ; stipules lanceolate, acuminate, 1 cm. 1. or more. Peduncles shorter than the petiole. Bracteoles 3-5 (6) cm. L, shorter than the petals and capsule, more or less hairy outside, broadly cordate ovate, cut into 9-13 segments. Petals pale lemon-yellow or yellow, changing to pink, rarely with a purple spot at base. Capsule : valves 3 or 4, ovate-elliptical, acuminate, rough. Seeds covered with fuzz, greenish or rusty, and white silky lint, firmly adherent. 4. G. peruvianum Car. Diss. 313, t. 168 (1788); ParL Sp. Cot. 54 (under G. religiosum) ; Tod. JRclaz. Moiwyr. Goss. 240 ; Watt Wild & Cult. Cott. 213. Gossypiiim MALVACEAE 149 South American Cottons. Sloanc vi. 65, 66 ! Wric/Jit ! — Tropical America and Africa. Leaves 7-9 cm. 1., cordate, 3— 5-lobed or entire, usually tomentose and with 1 or 3 glands beneath; lobes ovate to ovate-oblong, usually acute, mucronate. Peduncles with a gland at apex below each bracteole. Bracteules much shorter than petals, about as long as capsule, cut into about 9-11 segments. Capsule : valves 3, abruptly acuminate, pit-marked. Seeds free, covered or only partially covered with fuzz, lint firmly adherent. 5. G. barbadense L. Sp. PL 693 (1753): Sir. Obs. Bot. 266 ; Bot. Becj. t. 84 ; Macf. Jam. i. 73 ; Griseb. 'Fl. Br. W. Lid. 86 ; Parl. Sp. Cot. 48, /. 3 '(excl. most syn.) ; Tod. op. cit. 234; Bentl. & Trim. Ned. PL i. t. 37 ; Gurke in Fl. Bras. xii. pt. 3, 582, t. 114 ; Watt op. cit. 265 & var. maritimum. 275 ; Britt. & Millsp. Bali. Fl. 274. G. maritimum Tod. Oss. Cot. 83 (1862) & Behiz. Monogr. Goss. 225, it. 7, 8, 11, /. 27-30, 12, /. 31. G. frutescens . . .barbadense Pluk. Pltyt. t. 188, /.I. G. frutescens. . . Provi- dentise Pink. Phyt. t. 188, /. 2. (Fig. 55.) Plukenet's specimens in Herb. Sloane (c. 105, xcvi. 60). Sea Island and Long Staple Cottons. Davids Hill, Faiccett ! — West Indies and tropical continental America. Shrub, 3-S(-15) ft. high. Leaves 5-14(-16) cm. L, cordate, 3-5-lobed or entire, lobes ovate to ovate-lanceolate, somewhat ascending. Bracteoles shorter than petals, broadly cordate, usually with few (3-7) segments. Capsule: valves 3 (rarely 4), ovate, acuminate, pit-marked. Seeds free, naked ; lint long, white, easily separable. 6. G. purpuraseens Poir. Encyc. Suppl. ii. 369 (1811); Macf. Jam. i. 73 ; Tod. Relaz. Monoyr. Goss. 244 ; Watt op. cit. 250. Bourbon Cotton. Liguanea, Macf ad y en ; between Portland Point and Rocky Point, Britton, 1896 !— Tropics. Shrub or tree, 15 to 20 ft., branches purpurascent. Leaves 3-lobed, 1-glandular ; lobes shortly ovate, with apex spreading outwards. Peduncle with 3 large glands at apex. Bracteoles nearly as long as petals and some- what longer than capsule, cut into 5-7 segments at apex. Seeds naked, with lint easily separable. FAMILY LXV. BOMBACACE^E. Trees. Leaves alternate, digitate, or simple ; stipules free, very soon falling. Peduncles 1 -flowered, axillary or subterminal, solitary or in clusters. Involucel of 3 bracteoles present in Ochroma. Calyx generally closed in bud, bursting at apex in flowering and then cup-sliaped, truncate or sinuate with irregular lobes, sometimes 5-cleft, persistent. Petals 5, often adherent at base to the staminal column. Stamens generally indefinite, united into one or several bundles ; staminal column divided somewhat high up or close to the base into 5 branches, each bearing 1, 2, or more anthers, or subentire with anthers covering the column. Anthers with 1, 2, or more cells, globose, linear, or 150 FLORA OF JAMAICA Ceiba in horseshoe-shaped curves ; pollen not spiny. Pistil in 5 (2-3) parts. Ovary 5(l)-celled, each cell with an indefinite number of ovules, attached at the inner angle ; style entire or divided into as many very short branches as ovary-cells. Capsule usually splitting loculicidally by 5 valves, the carpels not separating, < »ften packed with wool, a development of the endocarp. Endosperm scanty, wanting, or fleshy. Cotyledons twisted, folded, or flat. Species more tha,n 100, natives of the tropics. Leaves compound, digitate 1. Ceiba. Leaves simple 2. Ochroma. 1. CEIBA Gaertn. Trees with or without prickles. Leaves digitate, leaflets generally 3-7, entire. Staminal column divided into 5 branches, each bearing 2 or 3 anthers, simulating a single anther. Style thickened at the apex, 5-cornered. Capsule woody or leathery, the cells inside very densely woolly. Seeds obovoid or globular, wrapped in the wool of the endocarp ; endosperm very little or none ; cotyledons very much twisted in the folds, enclosing the incurved radicle. Species 9 or 10, all natives of tropical America except one which is Asiatic and African. C. pentandra Gaertn. Fruct. ii. 244, t. 133 (1791); K. Schum. in FL Bras. xii. pi. 3, 209 ; Cook & Coll. in Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb, viii. Ill, t. 24; Howe in Torreya m. 217, with illustrations; Urb. Sijmb. Ant. iv. 403&viii. 428 ; Britt. FL Berm. 241 ; Britt, & Millsp. Bah. FL 274. C. Casearia Medic. Malv. Fam. 16 (1787); Britt. & E. G. Bait, in Journ. Bot. xxxiv. 173. Gossipium arboreum &e. Sloane Cat. 159 & Hist. ii. 72. Bombax foliis digitatis, brachiis erecto-pateiitibus, & B. . . . porrectis Browne Hist. Jam. 277. B. pentandrum L. Sp. PL 511 (1753); Jacq. Sel. Stirp. Amer. 191, t. 176, f. 70 cfe Ed.pict. 93, t. 182 ; Cav. in Lam. EncijcL ii. 551 & Diss. v. 293, t. 151; Wright Mem. 284; Descourt. FL Ant. iv. 64, t. 247 ; Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixii. pt. 2, 66. B. aculeatum L. Si/st. ed. 10, 1141 & Amosn. v. 380 (in part). B. inerme L. loc. cit. (in part). B. ceiba Lun. Hort. Jam. i. 243 (1814) (non L.). B. orientale Spreng. Si/st. Hi. 124 (1826). B. occidentale Spreng. loc. cit. Eriodendron anfractuosum DC. Prodr. i. 479 (1824) ; Macf. Jam. i. 92 ; Gosse, Naturalist's Sojourn in Jamaica 271, 499; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 88; Watt 'Diet. Econ. Prod. Ind. (Fig. 56.) Silk-cotton Tree, Ceiba. Sloane Herb. vi. 67 ! Wright ! Distin ! Moneague, Prior ! between Hope and Gordon Town, Fawcett ! Hope grounds, Harris ! Fl. Jam. 8448, 12,333 ; Bog Walk, Hitchcock ; Montego Bay ; Spanish Town ; Ridley ! — Introduced Ceiba BOMBACACE.E 151 in Bermuda and Bahamas, native in West Indies, Central America, northern S. America, trop. Africa and Asia. Tree to 150 ft. high and 40 ft. and more in circumference ; trunk while young commonly swollen above the base, covered with green bark and armed with strong spines, young branches also spiny, branching sometimes D Fig. 56.— Ceiba pentandrci Gaertn. A, Leaf x $. E, Ripe capsule with part cut away B, Flower x |. to show seeds X i. C, Ditto cut lengthwise. F, Seed x 4. D, Section of ovary X 4. G, Ditto cut lengthwise showing crumpled embryo. low down, sometimes at a great height (50-80 ft.) ; branches horizontal, generally 3 or 4 on the same plane, wide spreading to a great length and often contorted, bearing an immense quantity of epiphytes ; buttresses developed at the base of the trunk to the large roots, often stretching out even to 12 or 15 ft., and extending upwards even to 12 ft., but with a uniform thickness of a few (6-12) inches. Leaflets 5-7 (8), lanceolate or 152 FLORA OF JAMAICA Ceiba oblong. Calyx 1-1 '5 cm. 1. Petals 2' 5-4 cm 1., pale rose-colour tinged with purple, covered outside with white tomentum. Capsule 11-16(-30) cm. 1., 4-5 cm. in diam., oblong-ellipsoidal or obovoid. Seeds 4-6 mm. in diam. We are unable to separate specifically the New and Old World specimens, which apparently include a number of geographical forms. The Silk-cotton Tree drops its leaves in the late autumn or winter months, but flowers only in alternate years. In a flowering season the leaves drop off usually in November or December, and immense quantities of blossoms appear in January or February at the ends of the branches. The seed-pods are well developed, sometimes even ripe, before the young leaves appear again in April or May. In the following season, when flowers are not produced, the young leaves appear as early as the end of January, so that in this case the tree is not without leaves very long. This alter- nation usually affects the whole tree, but sometimes one side of the tree flowers, while the other is full of leaf without flowers, and vice versa the following season. The leaves occasionally fall as early as the end of July. (Gosse.) The wood is soft and subject to the attacks of insects, but Macfadyen states that if it is steeped in strong lime water it will last for several years even when made into boards or shingles, and in situations exposed to the influence of the weather. Young branches grow when planted in the ground. The trunk is sometimes hollowed out to make canoes. The silky wool from the pods is exported as " Kapok " from the Malay Archipelago, •where the trees are abundant. The Silk-cotton Tree, and also the Sea-side Mahoe or John Bull Trees (Thespesia populnea), are accused of harbouring the Cotton Stainer (Dysdercus delauneyi), and have been destroyed in the West Indies where cotton is cultivated. 2. OCHROMA Sw. Trees. Leaves simple, cordate, subentire, or toothed, or angular, or lobed. Involucel of 3 bracteoles, very soon falling. Flowers large, stalked, at ends of branches. Calyx 5-lobed ; lobes unequal, 2 with pointed apex, 3 rounded at apex. Petals 5. Staminal tube shortly 5-lobed at apex, covered from the middle to the apex with adnate anthers ; anthers 1 -celled, cohering, more or less spirally twisted. Ovary conical, 5-sided ; style cylindrical, 5-sided, enclosed in the tube of the filaments ; stigmas 5, protruding beyond the anthers, spirally twisted and furrowed. Capsule elongate, 5-valved, inside covered very densely with cottony hairs. Seeds many, enclosed by the cotton of the endo- carp, obovoid ; endosperm fleshy ; cotyledons broad, with infolded margins ; radicle short. Species 1, native of "West Indies, Central America, Colombia to Bolivia, Venezuela, Para. 0. pyramidale Urb. in Fedcle Rep. Beihefte v. 123 (1920) & Symb. Ant. viii. 759. O. Lagopus Sw. Prodr. 98 (1788), K. Vet. Acad. Handl. xiii. 150, t. 6, & FL Lid. Occ. 1144, t. 23; Wright Mem. 285 ; Macf. Jam. i. 94 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 88 ; Tr. <£ Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xvii. 323 ; Cook d Coll. in Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. viii. 205, t, 47 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 403 & Ocliroma BOMBACACE.E 153 viii. 429 ; Britt. FL Perm. 241. O. tomentosa Willd. Enum. 695 (1809) ; Tr. & Planch, loc. tit. Gossypium &c. Pluk. Phyt. L 189, /. 2. Hibiscus arborescens £c. Browne Hist. Jam. 286. Bombax D \ ,, Fig. 57. — Ochroma pyramidale Urb. A, Stamens and style. The staminal tube, t, is cut open to show the style and stigmas, *. On the outside of the upper half of the tube are the twisted adnate anthers, a X i. B, Portion of unopened capsule cut across, reduced. C, Portion of a valve of the capsule, somewhat reduced. D, Endocarp of a valve with attached cottony hairs X J. E, Seed x 6. pyramidale Car. in Lain. Encycl. ii. 552 (1786) & Diss. v. 294, t. 153. (Fig. 57.) Cork- wood, Down Tree, Bombast Mahoe, Balsa- wood (of continental America). Common in the lower mountains and in damp situations ; Wright ! Macfadyen ; Manchester, Purdie ! Wilson ! Port Morant, Hitchcock ; Schwallenburgh, St. Ann, 1800 ft. ; Castleton district, 500 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 11,962. — Distribution of genus. Tree, 20-60 ft. high ; growth very rapid, attaining its full height in 12 to 11 years, and even in half that time under favourable conditions. Leaves 1-3 '5 dm. 1. Involucel l'5-2 cm. 1. Calyx 7-9 crn. 1. Petals 12-14 cm. 1., pale reddish or yellowish colour. Stigmas about 2'5 cm. 1., 1"4 FLOKA OF JAMAICA OcJiroma protruding beyond the anthers. Capsule 3 dm. 1. and more ; when mature, the outer husk falls off, and the down expands, and looks somewhat like a hare's foot, whence Swartz's specific name. It contains a large quantity of silky cotton-like fibres of a pale reddish colour. Wood white stained with red, luminous, sometimes silky. It is very porous and absorbent of water, the lightest of all woods, lighter even than true cork ; when dry, this wood has a weight of only 7'3 Ib. per cub. ft., while cork weighs 13 '7 Ib. per cub. ft. Although the wood is used as floats for nets and to make rafts (balsa is Spanish for raft), it absorbs water rapidly and soon becomes water-logged ; but a water-proofing process has been invented which makes the wood non-absorbent, so that it retains its buoyancy longer than cork. It is. particularly well adapted for insulating purposes. During the war atten- tion was first directed to its use in aeroplanes, and for lifeboats, and life- rafts used in men-of-war, as well as transports ; while special refrigerating tracks, with balsa as the insulating material, wrere used in France. In constructing the submarine mine barrage in the North Sea, 250 miles long, 80,000 floats made of balsa wood were used. The cotton-like fibres are used for stuffing pillows and mattresses. There is a specimen of the plant collected by Dr. Wm. Wright in Herb. Mus. Brit., to which is attached a piece of cloth "made of 3 parts of Spanish wool and 1 part of the down of OcJiroma." See Agric. News vi. 253 (1907); xvii. 206, 357 (1918); xx. 147 (1921). FAMILY LXYI. STERCULIACE^E. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, commonly with stellate hairs, sometimes mixed with simple hairs. Leaves alternate or very rarely subopposite, sometimes simple, entire, toothed, or lobed, sometimes digitately 3— 9-foliolate. Stipules usually present and soon falling. Inflorescence axillary or more rarely terminal, racemose, or cymose-paniculate, or reduced to solitary flowers. Flowers usually hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual. Calyx generally persistent, with 5 (4-3) valvate lobes. Petals 5, hypogynous, twisted-overlapping in bud, often marcescent-persistent, or wanting. Stamens generally more or less united into a tubular column ; the column generally divided at the apex into 5 teeth or lobes (staminodes) which alternate with the petals, and bearing in the bays between the teeth or lobes solitary anthers or 2-5 (or more) together ; sometimes the apex of the tube entire and bearing anthers, either 15 (10) crowded without order (Sterculia) or 10-12 in a simple series in a ring (Cold); sometimes stamens 5, opposite the petals, united at the base or beyond the middle (MelocMa, Waltherid). Ovary free, carpels more or less united, 2-5-celled, or reduced to a single carpel (Walilieria). Ovules 2 to many (1) in each cell, attached to the interior angle, anatropous. Styles as many as the carpels, or more or less united, or combined into one style. Fruit dry or somewhat rarely fleshy outside, the carpels sometimes united into a capsule either opening loculicidally or woody and not opening, sometimes separating into cocci either not opening or Hdictcrcs STEECULIACE.E opening by two valves or along the ventral line. Seeds not woolly, testa various. Species more than 1000, most of them found in the tropics or in S. Africa and extra-tropical Australia, and extending into the southern United States. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals present. Petals soon falling. Petals flat. Gonophore very long 1. Hdictcrcs. Petals hooded. Petals with a linear 2-cleft appendage 2. Gnazuma.^ Petals with a spathulate appendage 3. Theobroma. Petals without appendage or with a stalked gland ... 4. Ayenia. Petals withering without falling off, flat. Ovary 5-celled 5. Melochia. Ovary 1-celled C. Waltlicria. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Petals wanting. Seeds with endosperm 7. Sterculia. [Seeds without endosperm Cola.'] 1. HELICTERES L. Small trees, shrubs, or undershrubs, with stellate hairs or tomentum. Leaves serrate, crenate, somewhat lobed, or entire. Flowers axillary, solitary or in clusters. Calyx 2-lipped or tubulose with 5-cleft apex. Petals 5, Hat, unequal or equal, clawed, auriculate on the claws. Gonophore longer than the calyx, curved, forming a sort of noose above the calyx before the flower is fully expanded. Staminal tube rarely and then only slightly developed. Stamens 6, 8, 10, or indefinite; filaments slightly united in pairs at base ; anther-cells 2, diverging, sometimes confluent into one. Staminodes between the pairs of stamens nearer the centre. Ovary with 5 styles cohering or free, 5-celled, with many ovules near the inner angle. Fruit spiral or sometimes straight, composed of 5 follicular carpels, splitting open along the inner seam. Seeds small, ovoid, flattened above and below by mutual pressure ; endosperm scanty ; embryo straight ; cotyledons foliaceous, folded round the inferior radicle. Species 45, natives of the tropics (excl. Africa), chiefly American. H. jamaieensis Jacg. Enuni. 30 (1760), Sel. Stirp. Amer. 235, t. 179, f. 99, Ed.pict. t. 226, & Hort. Vlndob. ii. 67, t. 143 ; Sw. Proar/98. & FL Ind. Occ. 1156 ; Eeichb. Ic. & Descr. PL i. t. 48, /. 1 ; Descourt. FL Ant. ui. 102, t. 407 ; Macf. Jam. i. 89 ; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind, 89 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 407 & viii. 433 ; Britf. & Millsp. Bali. FL 276. H. arbor ind. Occident. &c. Pluk. Pliyt. L 245, /. 3. H. Isora var. (3 L. Sp. PL 963 (1753) ; H. villosa &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 330, Eliret. Icon. ined. 85. H. barbadensis 156 FLORA <)K JAMAICA Helich Jacq. tfnum. :;s (17(16). H. brevior Mill. JJ'tH. ed. 8, L768. 11. J.is Northrop )L-n,. Ton: <'/„!> ,-//. 50, t. 11 (190L1). Abutilo allinis Arc. S/»*.) Specimen from I5n>\\ ae in Herb. Linn. named by Linnanis If. Isoru. - i- e \v T r e e. In 11. May to Dec.; Red Hills, Sloanc iv. 61! near Kingston (seeds) . l',roiL-nc\ Wr'ujlit\ Broughton\ Masson\ Macfadi/cnl banks of Yallahs R., Purdicl March\ base of L.-n-' Mt., :-J">0 ft., 'Campbell I Wind- ward Road, Fawcettl Hall's Delight; Watson's Hill, 1000 ft.; near E B Fig. 58. — Hellcteres jamaicensis Jacq. A, Bud of flower just opening cut D, Apex of gonophore with stamens lengthwise, nat. size. and pistil x 4. B, Flower, nat. size. E, Stamen x b. 0, Petals, nat. size. F, Fruit x jj. Wareka; near Letitz, 500ft. ; Long Mt., 800 ft. ; Great Goat Is.; Cane R. valley, 300 ft. ; Grove ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 6155, 6314, 6582, 7262, 8865, 9342, 9632. — Bahamas, West Indies as far south as St. Martin, Central America. Slirub or tree, 4 to 15 ft. high ; twigs densely tomentose. Leaves 4-20 cm. 1., ovate-elliptical to ovate-lanceolate, usually acute or acuminate and rather deeply cordate, often unequal at base, unequally crenate- toothed, pubescent or tomentose on upper surface, tomentose beneath ; petioles short, tomentose ; stipules tomentose, awl-shaped. Peduncles terminal or axillary, tomentose, few-flowered, 1*5-3 cm. 1. ; pedicels •5-1 '5 cm. 1., glandular at junction with peduncle. Calyx 1*5-2 cm. 1., densely tomentose, bell-shaped, 2-lipped, unequally 5-toothed; base inside thickened. Petals longer than the calyx, white, differing in form, unequal- sided, oblong, more or less auricled at base. Gonophore about 7-8 cm. 1., Helicteres STERCULIACE^E 157 curved, villose. Stamens 10, with short filaments ; staminodes 5. Ovary tomentose-villose on surface not covered by staminodes. Style 5-furrowed, with 5-cleft stigma. Carpels 5, twisted nearly round twice so as to show 8-10 threads, becoming, when quite ripe, more or less free at apex for about 1 cm. Seeds numerous. Jacquin described this species from 3 small trees grown in the Vienna botanic garden from seeds which he collected near Kingston, Jamaica, in 1757, and sowed in a hothouse in 1770. 2. GUAZUMA Adans. Trees, with tornentum of stellate hairs or glabrescent. Leaves unequally toothed, often oblique, stipulate. Cymes axillary. Flowers small. Calyx 2-3-parted. Petals 5, hooded- concave, apex 2-cleft, bearing a terminal linear 2-cleft appendage. Staminal column with 5 staminodes alternate with the petals, acuminate ; anthers with 2 diverging cells, 2 or 3 together between the staminodes. Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celled, with numerous ovules in each cell ; styles more or less united. Fruit sub- globose, woody, tuberculose-spiny or with very long soft plumose bristles, not opening or with apex imperfectly loculicidally 5-valved. Seeds with endosperm ; embryo slightly curved ; cotyledons leaf-like, inflexed-folded ; radicle very near the hilum. Bastard Cedar. Species 5, natives of West Indies and tropical continental America. G. ulmifolia Lam. Encycl. Hi. 52 (1789) ; St. Hil. PL Usudles ft. 47, 48 ; St. Hil. et Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2, xviii. 31 ; Des- court. FL Ant. ii. 73, t, 85 ; Macf. Jam. i. 99 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 91 ; K. Sclmm. in Fl. Bras. xii. pt. 3, 80 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. ir. 407 & viii. 432. G. tomentosa H. B. & K. Nov. Gen. d- Sp. v. 320 (1823); Eich. in Sagra Cub. x. 74; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 90; Mast, in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. i. 37 5 ; Urb. loc. cit. G. bubroma Tuss. Fl. Ant. iv. 69, t. 24 (1827). G. Guazuma Cocker ell in Bull, Torr. Bot. CL xix. 95 (1892); Cook & Coll. in Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. viii. 155, t. 36; Britt. Fl. Berm. 242. Cenchrarnidea jamaicensis morifolia &c. Pink. Phyt. t. 77, /. 2 & Aim. 92. Alni fructu, morifolia &c. Sloane Cat. 135 & Hist. ii. 18. Theobroma Guazuma L. % PL 782 (1753); Sw. Obs. Bot. 291; fieliq. Houst. t. 14 ; Wright Mem. 286. T. foliis &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 306. T. foliis serratis Plum. PL Amer. (Burm.) 135, t. 144, /. 1 & Ic. ined. t. 300 ; A. Robinson Ic. ined. (Fig. 59.) Specimen from Browne in Herb. Linn, named in Solander's hand, with drawings noted by J. E. Smith as "ex D. Allemand." Bastard Cedar. Sloane Herb. v. 64, 65! Houstoitn\ Brownel Wright ! Brougliton\ Dancer ! Shakspear ! Distin ! McNab \ Montego Bay, Parnell ! ]\Ioneague ; Kingston ; Prior ! March \ Liguanea plain, J.P. 13'J4, Morris ! also 158 FLORA OF JAMAICA Guazuma l Constant Spring ; Porus ; Lucea ; Port Antonio ; Port Morant ; Hitchcock ; Hope, 700 ft. ; near Hope, 800 ft. ; Great Goat Is. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 5705, 6829, 6994, 9320, 11,008.— West Indies, tropical continental America. Tree, 10-50 ft. high. Leaves 3-13(-21) cm. 1., very variable in form, ovate to oblong or lanceolate, base unequal, glabrous, or more or less covered with minute hairs on upper surface, and more or less tomentose beneath. Inflorescence paniculate. Calyx 3-lobed, tomentose outside, 2 '5-3 mm. 1. Petals yellow, narrowed gradually to the base, puberulous, 31 5-4 mm. 1. ; appendage 4-4'5 mm. 1., cleft more than halfway down. Staminal column bell-shaped, divided about one-third ; staminodes lanceo- late ; stamens 2 or 3 together ; filaments short. Styles united. Fruit Fig. 59. — Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. A. Flower X 4. B. Ditto with petals removed, showing staminal tube with stamens and staminodes, x 7. C. Portion of flower showing the apex of a petal with appendage lying on a stamen, also ovary and style, X 7. D. Fruit cut across, nat. size. E, Embryo X 11. purplish-black, globose or ellipsoidal, rounded at apex and base, pericarp tuberculose, perforated with numerous holes between the tubercles, 2-2' 5 cm. 1. Seeds indefinite in each cell, in 2 or 3 series, 3-5-4 mm. 1. The Bastard Cedar grows in both wet and dry districts in Jamaica. It is encouraged in pastures, as besides being a shade tree, the foliage and capsules are readily eaten by cattle and horses, and are of some importance where the grass is apt to be burnt up in times of drought. In this respect it, is as useful as the Bread Nut (Brosimum Alicastrum Sw.). The capsules, coarsely bruised, are often given to horses as a substitute for corn. The timber is light, splits readily, and is easily worked ; it has been used for the staves of sugar hogsheads, and by carriage-builders for side pieces. 3. THEOBROMA L. Trees. Leaves large, undivided. Peduncles axillary or lateral, one-flowered and clustered, or branching with numerous flowers. Flowers small. Calyx 5-partecl. Petals 5, hooded-concave, Theobfoma STERCULIACE.E 159 clawed, with a terminal spathulate appendage. Stanrinodes 5, opposite the sepals, linear or lanceolate ; anthers 2 or 3 together between the starninodes, with 2 diverging cells. Ovary 5-celled, Fig. 60. — Theobroma Cacao L. A, Portion of a branch with flowers X §. E, Pod cut away below to show seeds B, Flower X 4. surrounded by pulp X i. C, Petal x S. F, Seed X §. D, Staminal column partly cut to show G, Embryo X § . pistil x 5. with numerous ovules in each cell. Fruit fleshy outside. Seeds covered with pulp, without endosperm ; cotyledons thick, corru- gate ; radicle very short. Species 12, natives of tropical America. 160 FLORA OF JAMAICA Theobroma T. Cacao L. Sp. PI. 782 (1753); Wright Mem. 239, 276; A. Robinson Ic. ined. ; Descoiirt. FL Ant. iv. 147, t. 266; Mftcf. Jfi-m. !. 96 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 91 ; Bentl. cO Trim. Med. PL t. 38; K. Schum. in Fl. Bras, xii.pt. 3, 72, t. 16. Theobroma 2 & 3 Browne Hist. Jam. 306. Cacao Sloane Cat. 134 ct Hist. ii. 15, //. v.f. 2, 160. C. guianensis Aubl PL Oman. ii. 682, t. 275 (1775). C. minus Gaertn. Fruct. ii. 190, t. 122 (1791). C. Theobroma Tiissac FL Ant. i. 101, t. 13 (1808). (Fig. 60.) Specimens of leaves in Herb. Linn, named by Linnaeus. Cacao, Cocoa, Chocolate Tree. Sloane Herb. v. 59 ! — Cultivated and spontaneous in West Indies and tropical continental America, introduced into the tropical regions of the Old World. Tree, 10-25 ft. high. Leaves 2-3 '5 dm. 1., ovate or obovate-oblong, acuminate, somewhat unequal at the obtuse or rounded base, entire, glabrous; petiole 2-3 cm. 1. Inflorescence : many-flowered clusters on the trunk. Calyx divided almost to the base, 5-6 mm. 1. Petals : hood 2-5 mrn. 1. ; appendage 5 mm. 1., rhomboid-spathulate with a long claw with a knee-like bend. Staminocles awl-shaped ; stamens bearing 2 anthers. 4. AYENIA L. Herbs or undershrubs, with stellate tomentum, or hirsute, or glabrescent. Leaves serrate. Flowers small, solitary or in clusters or cymes, in the axils. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, limb hooded-concave, apex inflexed and affixed to the staminal tube, with a very long thread-like claw. Staminal tube with lobes (staminodes) without anthers, alternate with the petals ; anthers solitary, between the staminodes, 3-celled. Ovary stalked, 5-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell ; style simple, with stigma of globose lobes. Capsule spiny, 5-coccous ; cocci 1-seeded, opening along the inner angle. Seeds oblong, narrowing to one end, without endosperm ; cotyledons spirally rolled round the radicle. Species about 40, natives of tropical America, including the West Indies. Leaves serrate. Leaves ovate-cordate, acuminate, 5-9 cm. 1.... 1. A. magnet. Leaves oblong to roundish, 1-3 cm. 1 2. A. pusilla. Leaves entire 3. A. Icevigata. 1. A. mag-na L. Sijst. ed. 10, 1247 (1759) ; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 91 ; Hemsl. Biol. Cent. Am. Bot. i. 134; Urb. Sumb. Ant. v. 423, /. K-N. (Fig. 61, D, E.) Specimen from Browne in Herb. Linn, named by Linnseus. In fl. & fr. Nov. -March ; Browne \ Liguanea plain ; Macfadyen ! St. Andrews, McNab ! March ! Campbell ! Harris ! Plowden Hill, 800 ft. ; Fort Clarence Hill, 50 ft. ; dry rocky hills, Fort Henderson ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 6085, 6950, 8172, 9539, 10,147.— Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Bonaire Is. Ayenia STERCULIACELE 161 Shrub, 2-6 ft. high. Leaves 5-9 cm. 1., ovate-cordate, acuminate, serrate, pubescent, soft to touch beneath ; petiole nearly half as long as the limb. Flowers white or greenish, in stalked umbellate 2-3-flowered cymes. Calyx 2 '5-3 mm. 1., divided to three-fourths of length, seg- ments ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, puberulous on outside. Petals : limb without a gland, kidney-shaped, hastate; claw much longer than limb. Staminal tube cup-shaped, free from ovary ; lobes erect, entire. Ovary sessile. Capsule 5-6 mm. L, about 8 mm. in diam., depressed globose, more or less covered with soft spines, 1-1-5 mm. 1. Seeds 3-5-4 mm. 1., transversely wrinkled, with minute tubercles, black. 2. A. pusilla L. Syst. ed. 10, 1247 (1759) ; Cav. Diss. v. 289, t. 147; Gaertn. Fruct. 1. 383, t. 79; Macf. Jam. i, 101; Griseb. Fl. Dr. W. Jml 92 ; K. Schum. in FL Bras. xii. pt. 3, 105, t. 24 ; Small FL S.E. U.S. 781; Britt. & Millsp. Bah. FL 278; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 406, v. 423, /. A-D, & viii. 432. Urticae folio Fig. 61. — Ayenia pusilla L. A, Portion of branch with leaves and flowers X |. E, Flower ; p, petals ; c, claw of petal ; (j, gland on petal x 6. C, Ditto with calyx and petals removed ; st, stamens ; d, stamiuodes x 8. D, Capsule of A. magnet L. with one carpid detached x 2. E, Seed of A. magna L. X 4. anomala &c. Sloane Cat. 90 &, Hist. i. 209, t. 132. /. 2. Ayenia L. in K. VetensJc. Acad, Handl. xvii. 23, t. 2 (1756). D' Ayenia. pusilla Mill. Ic. t. 118 & Diet. ed. 8 (1768). (Fig. 61, A-C.) Specimen in Herb. Linn, named by Linnseus. In fl . and fr. June-Aug. ; among low shrubs and grasses in savannas ; savanna of St. Jago de la Vega, Sloane Herb. iv. 23 1 Browne ! between Kingston and Rock Fort, Broughton ! Two-mile-wood Pen, St. Catherine, Harris ! Fl. Jam. 12,069, 12,405.— Florida Keys and Texas to California, Bahamas, West Indies to Guadeloupe, tropical continental America. V. M Hi- FL<>UA <>K JAMAICA abou! •'. in. (ii 1 ft. hi^h; .-.terns mi: from :i perennial root. - variable in lize and form. • :> '.', cm. 1.. ovate, oblon-, elliptical, or roundish, r.s purple, Military <>r i!-3 together. (',//;/./• nun. 1.. divided neurly to the base, segments ovate-lanceola ute or acuminate. I',/:SO, t. 484 (1822). Riedleia inflata DC. Prodr. i. 491 (1824); Macf. J«m. I. 103. (Fig. 62, A-C.) Macfadyen ! Parncll \ Purdie ! Wilson ! near Morant Bay, Prior ! Port Morant, Hitchcook ; Woodstock, Westmoreland ; Kempshot, 1100-1600 ft. ; , 9 104 FI.uUA OF JAMAICA r Holland Bay ; Nun-is ! Phillipsfield, near Bowden, Jlnn-ix ,(• ]>,-itt> Fl. Jam. 9831, 10,328, 10,783, 11,955.— Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru. II, rb or -undtrxl/ntb, 3 ft. high, sometimes with trailing branches supported by other shrubs and growing to a height of 10 ft., puberulous at ends of branches. Leaves 2-9 cm. 1., ovate, acuminate to acute, subcordate to rounded, serrate, on upper surface pubescent with adpressed hair-, beneath pubescent or subtomentose. Calyx 4-4 '5 mm. 1. in fl. Pel sli.uhtly longer than sepals, oblong, shortly clawed, white with a yellow spot in centre. Filaments united to middle. Ovary shortly stalked; styles distinct. Fruit puberulous, 3 mm. 1. Seeds about 1'6 mm. 1. 2. M. nodiflora Sw. Prodr. 97 (1788) & FL Ind. Occ. 1139 ; inflorescence axillary, flowers subsessile in dense subg^lobose clusters ; capsule 5-lobed-globose, composed of 5 cocci at length separating and slightly opening along the inner angle. — Grisdi. op. cit. 94 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 405 & viii. 430 ; Britt. & Mills y. Bait. FL '111. Mougeotia nodiflora H. B. & K. torn. cit. 330 (1823). Riedleia nodiflora DC. Prodr. i. 491 (1824) ; Macf. Ja,,,. i. 103. Abutilon fruticosum foliis &c. Cat. 97 & Hist. 'i. 219, /. 135, /. 2. (Fig. 62, D.) St. Jago de la Vega, Sloane Herb. iv. 59! Wright I Broutjliton\ ShaJ.-<'- spcarl Masson\ Macfadyen\ Lane I Kingston; Mt. Diablo; Priori March1. Jcnmanl Liguanea plain, 200 ft., Campbell \ near Ewarton, 1000 ft.; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 6090, 6615, 6697 ; Kingston, Both-rock ; Constant Spring ; Bog Walk ; Port Morant ; Porus ; Hitchcock. — Bahamas, West Indies, Central America, Colombia, Bolivia. Undcrshrub, 2-6 ft. high; glabrate, but younger parts at first puberu- lous. Leaves 2-12 cm. 1., ovate, ovate-elliptical to ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate to acute, base rounded, truncate, or ernarginate, serrate, puberulous on nerves beneath ; petioles about one-fourth as long as the blade; stipules 4-5 mm. 1., linear-lanceolate. Calyx 3*5-4 mm. 1. ; lobes triangular-lanceolate, shortly acuminate. Petals about 4' 5 mm. 1., white, striped with rose, or reddish-white, obovate-oblong, shortly clawed. Filaments united to apex. Ovary sessile; styles distinct. Fruit pube- rulous, nearly 3 mm. 1. Seeds about 2 mm. 1., black. 3. M. pilosa comb. nov. ; inflorescence a narrow terminal panicle, leafless above, composed of pedunculate corymbs : capsule 5-lobed-globose, of 5 cocci at length separating and splitting at apex by 2 short valves. — M. veiiosa Sw. Prodr. 97 (1788) t\r FL Ind. Occ. 1137; Griseb. op. cit. 94; K. Sclium. torn. cit. 37. Mougeotia polystachya H. B. & K. torn. cit. 328, tt. 483, 483« (1822). Sid a pilosa Mill. Diet. ed. 8 (1768). Riedleia jamaicensis DC. Prodr. i. 492 (1824). R, virgultosa Macf. Jam. i. 104 (1837). Miller's type in Herb. Mus. Brit. Houstounl Wright I March; road to Constitution Hill, 1000-1500 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 6815, 9026.— Tropical S. America. Undcrshrub to 3 ft. high ; younger branches woolly. Leaves 2-8 cm. 1., ovate to oblong or elliptical or lanceolate, apex acute or obtuse, base rounded ; petioles short ; stipules 7-8 mm. 1., linear-lanceolate. Calyx 5-5 '5 mm. 1., lobes lanceolate, acuminate to a long point. Petals 6" 5-8 mm. 1., obovate, clawed, yellow. Filaments united to apex. Ovary sessile ; styles distinct. Fruit villose, 3-4 mm. 1. Seeds about 2 mm. 1., blackish. i Melochia STERCULIACE^E 165 4. M. villosa comb. nov. ; inflorescence a terminal interrupted or compact leafy spike, composed of dense axillary sessile or subsessile clusters ; capsule 5-lobed-globose, of 5 cocci at length separating and splitting completely into 2 valves. — M. hirsuta Cav. Diss. vi. 323, t. 175, /. 1 (1788); Rich, in Sagra Cub. x. 77; Griseb. op. cit. 94 ; K. Sclium. torn. cit. 45 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 405 iAi viii. 430. M. serrata St. Nil. & Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2, .'cviii. 36 (1842); Griseb. op. cit. 93. Althaea spicata. . .villosis- sinio Sloane Cat. 97 & Hist. i. 218, t. 138, /. 1. ISida villosa Mill. Diet. ed. 8 (1768). Riedlea serrata Vent. Clioix t. 37 (1803); 3Iacf. Jam. i. 104. Mougeotia hirsuta H. B. & K. torn. cit. 331 (1823). Miller's type in Herb. Mus. Brit. Mt. Diablo, Sloane Herb. iv. 55 ! Wright ! St. Thomas in the Yale, Macfadyenl McNdbl Purdiel Moneague ; Mt. Diablo; Priori March I Bull Head, Fawcett ! Oxford, 1200 ft. ; Kellits, Clarendon, 2000 ft. ; Hollis's savanna, Clarendon, 2400 ft. ; James Hill savanna, 2400 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 8468, 9428, 11,151, 12,251, 12,842.— West Indies, tropical conti- nental America. Undershrub, 3-5 ft. high, young branches densely hairy with long hairs intermixed with short^ Leaves 2-5 cm. 1., ovate-oblong to ovate-elliptical, apex acute to obtuse, case rounded or subcordate, doubly serrate, on both sides with long silky adpressed hairs, upper surface sometimes glabrate ; petioles short; stipules 5-6 mm. L, lanceolate. Bracteoles of involucel 3, twice as long as calyx, linear-tapering, hirsute. Calyx 4 mm. 1., hirsute; lobes ovate, acuminate. Petals 6-7 mm. L, obovate, clawed, attached by claws to the staminal tube, pink to rosy-violet. Staminal tube, in the long-styled form, 4 mm. 1. ; in the short-styled form, 7 mm. L, cut below the middle. Pistil 1 or 4*5 mm. 1. ; styles united below. Fruit about 3 mm. 1. Seeds 1*5-2 mm. L, mottled greenish-grey and black. 5. M. pyramidata L. Sp. PL 674 (1753) & Amcen. v. 380; inflorescence cymose-umbellate, opposite the leaves, 3-10-flowered ; capsule pyramidal, 5-angled, angles cuspidate or acute at base ; plant glabrous.— Jacq. Hort. Vinclob. 11, t. 30 ; Cav. Diss. vi. 319, t. 172,/. 1 ; Sic. Obs. Bot. 255; Macf. Jam. i. 102; A. Gr. Gen. ii. 86, t. 134; Griseb. op. cit. 93 ; K. Sclium. torn. cit. 34; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 404 tfc viii. 429. M. herbacea &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 276. M. domingensis Jacq. Sel. Stirp. Amer. 194. Abutilon herbaceum procumbeiis &c. Sloane Cat. 97 & Hist. i. 220, t. 139, f. 1. Moluchia pyramidata Britton in Mem. Broold. Bot. Gard. i. 69 (1918); Britt. & Milhp. Bali. FL 277. Specimen in Herb. Linn, named by Linnaeus. Road St. Jago de la Vega to St. John, Sloane Herb. iv. 60 ! Broughton ! Macfadyenl Corby, St. Cruz Mts., 1500 ft. ; Pepper, St. Elizabeth, 250 ft. ; Inverness, Clarendon, 300 ft. ; Harris ! PI. Jam. 9744, 9861, 12,751 ; Lucea, Hitchcock. — Bahamas, West Indies south to Grenada, continental tropical America north to Texas, Old World tropics (probably introduced). Herbs or under shrubs t 1-2 ft. high. Leaves 2-7 cm. L, green, the larger ovate, oblong, or lanceolate to smaller, elliptical or roundish, glabrous ; petioles 1-4 cm. 1. ; stipules 2-3 mm. L, awl-shaped. Calyx 3 '5-4 mm. 1., minutely puberulous ; lobes lanceolate-awl-shaped, about 2 mm. 1. Petals 166 FLORA OF JAMAICA Melocliin 6-8 mm. 1., obovate-lanceolate, narrowing into the claw, rosy or light violet-blue with yellow claws. Flowers of 2 forms, long-styled and short- styled, with corresponding variation in stamina! tube. Ovary and styles very minutely puberulous. Fruit 6-8 mm. 1. Seeds about 2 mm. 1. 6. M. tomentosa L. Syst. cd. 10, 1140 (1759) & A mcen. v. 400, 380 ; inflorescence axillary, cymose-uinbellate, 7-3(-10)-flowered ; capsule pyramidal, 5-angled, angles more or less rounded ; plant toiuentose. — Cav. Diss. vi. 319, t. 172, /. 2; Jacq. Sel. Stirp. Amcr. 193; Sw. Obs. Bot. 256; Wright Mem. 285; Macf. Jam. i. 101 ; Griseb. loc. at. (excl. var.) ; K. Sclmm. torn. cit. 33 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 404 &, viii. 429. M. frutescens &c. Browne loc. <-it. M. Turpiniana H. B. ((• K. torn. cit. 323, t. 48'2, Abutilon arboreum . >S>. P/. 673 (1753) A- 4waw. r. 3SO ; JW. ' >vary 2-lU-lobed, or entire and 1-10-celled. Style simple, awl-shaped, or, rarely, with apex 2-10-lobed; stigma simple, terminal, i ) vules 1, or 2, or indefinite, in each cell, ascending or rarely hanging. .Fruit very various. Seeds solitary, few, or numerous ; endosperm fleshy or none. Embryo somewhat large, usually straight. Species 400 or more, natives of the tropics, mostly American. Flowers yellow ; without staminodes. Fruit — drupes on a receptacle 1. Ouratca. Flowers white, rose, or violet ; with staminodes. Fruit — a 3-valved capsule 2. Sauvagesia. \. OURATEA Aubl. Trees or shrubs, glabrous. Leaves persistent, leathery, shining, entire or serrulate with sharp teeth, with very numerous nerves. Stipules in American species free. Panicles or racemes terminal, or terminal and axillary. Flowers yellow. Sepals 5, usually coloured, imbricate, elliptical-oblong. Petals 5, imbricate, obovate, clawed. Receptacle thick, elongated below the pistil. Stamens 10, inserted at the base of the receptacle; filaments very short ; anthers long, opening by pores at apex. Ovary 5-6-parted, the lobes inserted obliquely on the receptacle ; styles united, stigma simple ; ovules solitary in each cell, ascending from the base. Drupes 5 or fewer, on the expanded receptacle. Seed erect ; cotyledons fleshy, plano-convex : radicle descending to the hilum. Species more than 200, natives of tropics, mostly in America. Inflorescence dense, dome-shaped; sepals 5 mm. 1 1. 0. laurifolia. Inflorescence loosely paniculate ; sepals 7 mm. 1. or more. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate. Pedicels l'5-2 cm. 1. 2. O. elegans. Leaves elliptical or oblong-elliptical, cuspidate. Pedicels less than 1*5 cm. 1. Drupes globose. Sepals 7-8 mm. 1 3. 0. nitida. Drupes obovoid. Sepals 8-10 mm. 1 4. O. jamaicensis. 1. 0. laurifolia EngL in FJ. Bras. xli. ±t. 2, 350 (1876); leaves elliptical-lanceolate to lanceolate, entire ; inflorescence dense, dome-shaped ; pedicels 1-2 cm. 1. ; sepals 5 mm. 1. ; petals 5-6 mm. 1., irregularly obovate, apex slightly emarginate ; drupes narrowly ellipsoidal. — Urb. Symb. Ant. v. 430. Gomphia laurifolia Sw. FL *Ind. Occ. 741 (1798); Macf. Jam. i. 200; Griseb. FL Br. W, Lid. 104. (Fig. 66.) In fl. Jan. -March; in fr. March, Apr.; S warts ; near Bridgehill; near Pleasant Hill, St. Andrew; Macf ad yen ! rocky woods, St. Ann, Purdiel Liguanea plain, GOO ft. Campbell ! Port Royal Mts. (Sheldon ; Hall's Delight ; Plato ; Bridge Hill, 1500 ft. ; Iron Face, Chester Vale, 3500 ft.) ; Ouratea OCHNACE^ 1 Holly Mount, near Ewarton, 2600 ft. ; Peckbam, Clarendon, 2500 to 2800 ft. ; Constant Spring to Bardowie, 750 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 5513, 5535, 6250, 6978, 7869, 8898, 10,104, 10,870, 10,875, 11,919. Shrub or tree, 10-20 ft. high. Leaves 6-11 cm. 1., nerves and veins similar and running in the same direction, curved upwards, slightly promi- nent on the upper surface; petioles 6-10 mm. 1. Inflorescence 5-9 cm. 1. Fig. 66. — Ouratea laurifolia Engl. A, Portion of branch with leaves C, Fruit, nat. size. and flowers X -;. D, Seed cut lengthwise X 2. B, Flower cut lengthwise x 4. Sepals greenish-yellow. Petals unequal, claw 1*5-2 mm. 1. Stamens 3 '5-4 mm.l. Anthers sessile or with short filaments ('Smm.!.). Receptacle (in fruit) somewhat globose, bearing 4-5 drupes. Drupes 9-11 mm. 1. 2. 0. eleg-ans Urb. Symb. Ant. r. 428 (1908); leaves lanceo- late, acuminate, entire or occasionally slightly crenulate above ; inflorescence loosely paniculate; pedicels l'5-2 crn. 1.; sepals 9-11 mm. 1. ; petals 13-15 mm. 1., broadly obovate. In n. Sept. ; Woodstock, near Beaufort, Westmoreland, 1300 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 9912. Tree, 30 ft. high, glabrous. Leaves 9-13 cm. 1., 2-3 '5 cm. br., nerves and transverse veins slightly prominent on both sides ; petioles 4-6 mm. 1. Anthers subsessile, 7 mm. 1. 3. 0. nitida Engl. in FL Bras, xii.pt. 2, 310 (1876) (only as regards syn. Sic. and habitat Jamaica) ; leaves elliptical, cuspi- 1 i 6 I'LnRA OF .JAMAICA OtWfl date, acute, M'tTulatr with vt-rv small sharp teeth; pedicels ."» 7 mm. 1. ; sepals 7-7 • ~> nun. 1. ; petals slightly longer than si'pal>, somewhat roundish, with a short da\v ; drupc> irlobose.— Url. Sifiol'. Ant. /. 364, 0. 428, 4l".>. Ochna nitida ,SV. PnWr. ''.7 < L788), c.miphia nitida V«l,l Sijnil. //. 49 (1791); Sw. Fl. L,i'dr'. Sicartz. Tree of moderate height. Leaves 5-12 cm. 1., nerves and veins similar, veins running somewhat transversely, only the midrib slightly prominent ; petioles 3-5 mm. 1. Pedicels ahout 1 cm. 1. in fr. Anthers subsessile, 7 mm. 1., slightly connected at apex in pairs, as long as the calyx ; filaments like small roundish glands. Ovary globose, 5-furrowed, each carpel on a distinct short stalk ; styles combined spirally into one, which extends beyond the anthers. Receptacle (in fruit) somewhat ovate-roundish, bearing 1-5 drupes. Drupes 7 mm. 1., 6 mm. br. Seed large, globose. 4. 0. jamaieensis Urb. Symb. Ant. i. 362 (1899) & v. 430; leaves elliptical to oblong, acute or cuspidate, entire or occasionally with a few small teeth above ; pedicels in fl. 5-12 mm. 1. ; sepals 8-10 mm. 1. ; petals 10-11 mm. 1., roundish-obovate, with a short claw; drupes obovoid.--F. Tiecjli. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 8, xvi. 2-~>7 (1902). 0. guianensis Engl. in Fl. Bras, xii.pt. 2, 314 (1876) (in part). Goniphia guianensis Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 105 (1859) (non Rich.) (in part). G. jamaicensis J. E. Phinclt. in Hooli". Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. 11 (1847). Cabbage Bark. In fl. July-Nov. ; Macfadyenl Browns Town, Priori Holly Mount, 2500ft. ; near Troy, 2500ft. ; Peckham, Clarendon, 2500ft. ; Harris ! Pedro, St. Ann, E. G. Barrett ! Fl. Jam. 6529, 9071, 10,999. Tree, 30 ft. high. Leaves 8-13 cm. 1., nerves and veins (running in same direction) often slightly prominent especially on upper surface ; petioles 5-8 mm. 1. Pedicels 12-17 mm. 1. in fr. Anthers sessile, 6 mm. 1. Receptacle (in fruit) ovate if only one drupe, transversely ellipsoidal if two or more drupes. Drupes 10-13 mm. 1., 7-8 mm. br. 2. SAUVAGESIA L. Herbs or undershrubs, glabrous. Leaves rigid, entire or serrulate. Stipules comb-like-ciliate. Flowers axillary or in terminal racemes, white, rose, or violet. Sepals subequal. Petals equal, convolute. Staminodes usually of 2 series, outer thread-like, sometimes alternate with the 5 petals, sometimes indefinite, the inner 5 petal-like or scale-like, opposite the petals, enclosing the stamens and ovary. Filaments of the fertile stamens very short, alternating with the inner staminodes ; anthers linear, cells opening at the sides. Ovary 1-celled; placentas of the ovary 3 ; style simple with obtuse stigma. Capsule sept icicl ally 3-valved. Seeds indefinite, small ; testa thin and brittle ; endosperm fleshy ; radicle longer than the cotyledons. Sauvagesia OCHNACE.E 17' Species 18, natives of the West Indies and tropical and sub- tropical America, very few in the tropics of the Old World. S. Brownei Pl'inch. MS. ex Trois. Voy. Linden i 64 (1863) ; Urb. Syml>. Ant. v. 430 & vi. 93. S. erecta Macf. Jam. i. 45 (excl. syn. Jacq. & AiibL) ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 112 (as regards plants from Jamaica and Cuba) (non L.). Iron herbaceus &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 179, t. 12, /. 3. (Fig. 67.) Sloane Herb. iv. 24! Pastures between Mb. Diablo and St. Ami, Browne \ May Day Hill, Broughton I Guys Hill, St. Mary, Me Nab ! Cold- spring, St. George, Purdie ! Moneague, Prior ! Castleton Garden, 400 ft. ; D Fig. 67. — Sauvagesia Brownei Planch. A, Portion of branch with leaves and flowers x §. B, Flower ; st, stamens ; d, staminodes x 4. C, Capsule split open X 6. D, Seed X 20. Brandon Hill road; Prospect Hill, 2000 ft.; Thompson*, near Bardowie, Harris ! Bull Head, Fawcctt ! lower mountains near Kingston, Hanscn : Port Antonio, Hitchcock ; Richmond Hill, Millspaugli ; Fl. Jam. 5867, 7-J40, 8003, 8097, 8470.— Cuba, Is. of Pines. Stems procumbent or ascending. Leaves 7-13 mm. L, lanceolate to elliptical, acute at both ends, serrulate, subsessile ; stipules linear- lanceolate. Flowers axillary, usually solitary. Pedicels erect, about as long as the flower. Sepals 4*5-5 mm. L, lanceolate, with a hair-like tip (1-1'5 mm. L). Petals white, shorter, or somewhat longer tbau the sepals. Staminodes (of the inner series only) oblong, about as long as the stamens. Stamens 1*5 mm. 1. Capsule about as long as the sepals. Seeds ellip- soidal, about -7 mm. L, surface pitted. v. x ! , S FLOKA , hypogynous, united slightly at base and free from the corolla, or more or less attached at base to the petals ; anthers opening inwards. Ovary : cells indefinite or 3-6 ; stigma sessile, more or less distinctly radiate. Ovules indefinite, attached to thick placentas projecting from the axis, horizontal or ascending, anatropous. Fruit globose, fleshy or leathery, not opening or opening after some time loculicidally from the base. Seeds numerous, small, oblong ; endosperm scanty. Embryo straight or curved ; radicle short. Species between 60 and 70, natives of the "West Indies and tropical continental America. MARCGRAVIA L.* Shrubs, climbing on the trunks of trees or over rocks by means of rootlets emitted just below the insertion of the leaves. The leaves of the first shoots are 2-ranked, closely adpressed to the tree trunk, and protect the rootlets, which also become covered by a moss (Pilotrichum utiirronatum Mitten in M. Brownei). The rootlets grow into the interstices of the bark, which, with the moss, forms a soil for them, the union being so intimate that the shoot cannot be detached from the trunk without removing O some of the bark with it. Shoots are thrown out horizontally, bearing spirally arranged leaves of a different form, and flowers at the apex enclosed at first by the terminal leaf acting like a spathe (in M. Brownei). Leaves of the creeping stem small and submembraneous, of the flowering branches leathery. Racemes usually contracted, umbel-like, pendulous. The lower outer flowers perfect, without bracts, the upper central abortive and * Consult I. W. Bailey, Pollination of Marcgravia, in American Journal of Botany, ix. 370 (1922)". Marcgravia MARCGBAVIACE.E 179 with large tubular sack-like coloured bracts adherent to the pedicels. Bracts with the opening at the base, and (in Jamaican species) somewhat inflated at the apex. Bracteoles 2. minute, sepal-like, tightly adpressed to the calyx, persistent. Sepals 4, decussate. Corolla a lid-like organ without differentia- tion into petals, soon falling off. Stamens 12-40, mostly slightly united at the base, free from the corolla ; anthers oblong-linear. Ovary incompletely 4-12-celled ; style short or none; stigma obscurely radiate. Fruit leathery. Species more than 40, with distribution of family. Bracts sessile or subsessile I. M. Brownei. Bracts on pedicel 2. M. bracliysepala. 1. M. Brownei Kr. & Urb. Sijmb. Ant. i. 367 (1899). M. rectiflora var. Brownei Tr. <0 Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xvii. 365 (1862) ; Urb. in Enyl. Jahrb. xxi. 514. M. scandens etc. A, Portion of climbing shoot, showing under side of leaves next the trunk with rootlets X f,. B, Portion of flowering shoot X \. 0, Flower-bud cut lengthwise, nat. size. D, Flower after the fall of the corolla, nat. size. B Fig. 68. — Marcgraria Brownei Kr. . 7V. I'd. '_', 719 (so far as regards reference to Jamaica) ; /. nan llort. Jam. ',. 4(.»(): Descourt. Fl. Ant. />. 25, /. i'-".1.' . .IT^V. Jam. /. 141 ; fr'mr/,. Fl. 7>Y. II'. 7W. 110 (in part) : (m,n L. tij>. PL cd. 1, 503). Marcgralia ,S',/;. 06s. Bo/. iMj:,. Phyllitidi ndenti all'mis major folio crasso subrotundo Shane Cat. 10 A: //W. /. 74, /. 28, /. 1. (Fig. 68.) Sloanc Herb. i. 64! Browne \ Shakspcarl " montes frigid, sylvos.," :rt.-\ Port Royal Mts., Pnrdicl Claverty Cottage road, J.P. 60^, Hurt I Morse's Gap, Watt I Hardware Gap. 4000 ft., Harris* also G. K. Xichollsl Tweedside, below Moody's Gap, 3500 ft., Harris I Fl. Jam. 6022, 10,121. Climbing even to a height of 50 ft., glabrous. Leaves of the climbing stem 1-5-5 cm. 1. to 4 cm. br., roundish-elliptical, subsessile, apex rounded, emarginate, base subcordate ; of the flowering branches 7-13 cm. 1., 3-5 cm. br., subsessile, oblong, apex abruptly cuspidate-acuminate, base unequal-sided, obtuse to somewhat rounded, midrib prominent beneath, nerves inconspicuous or invisible on both sides, glands somewhat rare on the pellucid margin, beneath with 6-8 rather large glandular pores on each side, starting from the base of the midrib and curving to near the margin, where they are smaller and extend to the apex. Inflorescence with 13-19 perfect flowers, set somewhat straight on pedicels ; pedicels 4-5 cm. 1., 2 mm. thick. Bracts usually 2-4, sessile, with pedicel attached, more or less curved inwards, with the outer lip of the opening prolonged and recurved. Sepals 5-6 mm. 1. Corolla ovoid, about 1 cm. 1., 7-8 mm. br. Stamens numerous. Ovary about 9-celled ; style about 4 mm. 1. Fruit about 11 mm. in diam., globose, crowned by the style. Seeds about 1 mm. 1., 3-sided, back rounded, surface pitted. 2. M. braehysepala Url. Symb. Ant. vi. 17(1909). M. um- bellata Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 110 (1859) (so far as regards reference to Jamaica, in part); Urb. in Enyl. Jahrb. ocxi. 517 (so far as above) (non _L.). Marcgravia of Westmoreland A. Robinson descr. & icon. ined. P. sc. aff. minor folio crasso oblongiori ; P. sc. an0, minima folio crasso oblongiori ; Sloane Cat. 15, Hist. i. 74, /. 28, /. 2, 3. !Mfc. Diablo, Archer's Ridge, Orange River, Sloane Herb. iv. 65-67 '. Mrs. Poore (1779) ! Wullschlaegel ; Phcenix Park, Moneague, Prior ! Tyre, 1500 ft. ; near Troy, 1600-2000 ft. ; Toms Cave Wood, Clarendon, 2500 "ft. : Harris ! Cuna Cuna Pass; John Crow (Blake) Mts., 1500 ft.; Harris ct- Britton ! Fl. Jam. 8647, 8767, 9444, 10,565, 10,688, 10,771, 10,859. Climbing to 30 ft., glabrous. Leaves of the climbing stem 1-4- 5 cm. 1., •5-2-5 cm. br., subsessile, ovate-oblong to ovate, apex obtuse, base cor- date; of the flowering branches 5-10 cm. 1., 3-4 cm. br., subsessile, ovate- elliptical or elliptical-oblong, apex acutely acuminate, base rounded or subtruncate, nerves on upper surface scarcely visible or very slightly prominent, beneath more or less slightly prominent with a network of veins, with glands sunk into the margin, beneath with 3-5 rather large pores on each side above the base, and with some very small pores here and there near the margin ; petioles 3-5 mm. 1. Inflorescence with 15 to 35 perfect flowers, set obliquely on pedicels ; pedicels 2-3 cm. 1., -8 mm. thick ; abortive flowers 3-7 at the apex of the rhachis, the pedicels springing at a distance of 2-3 mm. from the pedicels of the perfect flowers. Marcgravia MARCGRAVIACE.-E 181 Bracts 1 • 2-2 cm. 1., with a length of pedicel below them of 1-1-5 cm. Sepals about 1 mm. 1. Corolla ovoid or ovoid-ellipsoidal, 8-9 mm. 1., 4-5 mm. thick. Stamens 8-14. Ovary 5(4)-celled ; style 1'5 mm. 1. Fruit shortly obovate-globulose, barely 1 cm. in diam. FAMILY LXX. TERXSTRCEMIACEJE (THEACE^E). Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, usually simple and leathery, pinnate-nerved. Stipules none. Flowers axillary, one or few, or rarely in terminal or axillary racemes, regular, usually hermaphrodite. Bracteoles often 2 under the calyx, somewhat like the outer sepals. Sepals generally 5, free or shortly united at the base, overlapping. Petals usually 5, hypogynous, free or more often cohering at the base into a ring or short tube, generally widely overlapping. Stamens usually indefinite, hypogynous, generally united at the base and adhering to the corolla and falling off with it. Ovary usually free, with 2-5 or indefinite cells ; ovules 2 to indefinite in each cell. Fruit sometimes fleshy, leathery, or somewhat woody, and not splitting open, sometimes capsular, valves opening loculicidally or septicidally, generally leaving a persistent axis. Seeds few or indefinite, attached to the inner angle, placentas often prominent, spongy or fleshy ; endosperm scanty or wanting, or abundant and fleshy. Embryo a little shorter than the endosperm when present, straight or curved, horseshoe-shaped or spiral ; radicle near the hilum ; cotyledons sometimes half- cylindrical, continuous with the radicle, not wider and much snorter than it, sometimes much larger than the radicle. Species 200, almost all growing in the tropics of America, Asia, and the East Indian Archipelago, few in Africa, some are found in N. America and Eastern Asia beyond the tropics, but the Family is wanting in Australasia. Ovary 2-5-celled. Petals less than 1-5 cm. 1. Fruit not opening. Seeds curved horseshoe-like. Flowers hermaphrodite. Style simple, stigma punctiform 1. Tcrnstrcemia. Style with 2-5 short branches at apex, stigmas small 2. Eroteum. Flowers polygamous or dioecious. Style wanting or very short, stigmas 3 oval to oblong 3. Freziera. Ovary 5-10-celled. Petals 1' 5-3 cm. 1. Fruit a capsule. Seeds flattish, winged 4. Laplacca. [Ovary 3-5-celled. Fruit a capsule. Seeds not winged... Camellia.] \. TERNSTRCEMIA Linn. f. Trees or shrubs. Leaves entire (in Jamaican species) or toothed-crenate, nerves and veins inconspicuous. Peduncles 1- flowered, recurved, axillary, solitary or a few clustered, with ISL* FLORA OF JAMAICA '!'• rnaira mia - bra<-tenles In radi llosvrr. Flowers white. Sepals ."», incre.-i iir_ in si/.r in fruit. Petals ~>-7, united ;it base or even to one-hair tlu-ir length, very soon falling. Stamens indefinite, usually in t\\n series, rarely in one or sr\eral : outer filaments adhering to thi- base of the corolla; anthers glabrous, longer than filaments. ;nective more or less prolonged. Ovary '2 (3, 4)-celled : style simple : stigma or stigmas minute or more or hv-s developed, entire or lobed ; ovules several to '2 in each cell (10—16 in • lamaican species), hanging. Fruit crowned by the persistent .-tyle, not splitting open. Seeds rather large, curved like a horseshoe, but more compressed: endosperm fleshy, scanty: embryo curved ; cotyledons shorter than the radicle, halt'- cylindrical. Wild M a m m e e-S a p o t a, Scarlet Seed. Species over 70, most natives of the West Indies and tropic;d continental America, the rest natives of the warmer parts of Asia, especially the East Indian Archipelago. Sepals in fl., outer roundish, less than 1'5 cm. 1. Petals 11-13 mm. 1. Leaves, apex rounded or pointed obtuse, narrowed gradually to base and prolonged into the petiole 1. T. nramilata. Petals 7-10 mm. 1. Leaves, apex pointed obtuse, base very obtuse or rounded, suddenly narrowed or contracted into the petiole 2. T. Hartii: Leaves, apex rounded or very obtuse, narrowed gradually to the base and prolonged into the petiole 3. T. rostrata. Sepals in fl., outer ovate-elliptical, 1-5 cm. 1. or more. Leaves, apex rounded, base rounded to wedge-shaped and contracted suddenly into the petiole 4. T. calycina. 1. T. granulata Kr. <{• Url. in Engl. Sot. Jalirlt. xxi. ."»;;! (1896). T. obovalis Griscl. FL Br. W. Ind. 103 (1859) (in part) (non Rich.). In fl. May-Sept.; Wriglit \ McNabl Purdiel near Browns Town, Prior! Ramble, St. Ann, 1700 ft-.L Fawcett & Harris ! near Troy, 2000 ft. ; road to Holly Mount, 2000 ft. ; Ipswich, St. Elizabeth, 900 ft. ; Harris ! near Mile Gully, 1700 ft., Harris d Brition \ Fl. Jam. 7026, 8786, 8987, 10,021, 12,369. ' Tree, 20-30 ft. high and more. Leaves 4-9 cni. 1., 3-4 cm. br., obovate- elliptical, narrowed gradually to the base and prolonged into the petiole, apex rounded or pointed-obtuse, on both sides densely granulate ; margin narrowly revolute ; midrib distinctly channelled on upper surface ; nerves 7-9, slightly prominent beneath, scarcely or not evident on upper surface; petioles 5-10 mm. 1. Peduncles 2-4 cm. 1. Bracteoles ovate to ovate-triangular, 4-5 mm. 1., 3-4 mm. br., margin often glandulose- denticellate, back more or less keeled. Floivers white, fragrant. Sepals, outer 9-10 mm. 1., 10-11 mm. br., inner 9-10 mm. ]., 8-9 mm. br., increasing in fr. to 1'5 cm. 1., roundish, roundish-elliptical, or triangular- ovate, the outer glandulose-denticulate on the wrhole margin or on the lower part. Petals 11-13 mm. 1., obovate, emarginate at apex, falling as Ternstrcemia TEl;XSTl;(EMIACE.-E 183 soon as the fl. expands. Anthers oblong or linear; connective prolonged, tongue-like. Ovary 2-celled ; cells with 10-12 ovules ; stigma minute. Fruit nearly 3 cm. in diam., spheroidal, apex rounded, granulate. Seeds (in fruit not ripe) more than 1 cm. 1., covered with scarlet papillae. D Fig. 69. — TernstroL'mia yranulata Kr. & Urb. A, Portion of branch with leaves and young flowers x §. B, Flower, nat. size. C, Fruit cut lengthwise, nat. .si D, Seed cut lengthwise x 2. 2. T. Hartii Kr. & Url. in Engl. Bot. Jalirl. xxi. 532 (1896). Arbor minor diffusa, obscure virens &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 368, t. 20, /. 3 ; Lunan Hort. Jam. it. 149 (fide Urban, but we think that it is more likely to refer to T. granulata). In fl. June, in f r. Sept. ; Clevelands, Portland, J.P. 655, Hart ! St. George, 2200 ft. ; Mansfield, Bath, 400 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 5767, 6057. Tree, 25-30 ft. high. Leaves 6-11 cm. 1., 3-5'5 cm. br., elliptical or obovate-elliptical, very obtuse or rounded at base, suddenly narrowed or contracted into the petiole, apex pointed-obtuse, on both sides granulate ; margin flat; midrib slightly impressed; nerves 7-10, scarcely, or not, visible ; petioles 6-10 mm. 1. Peduncles 3-7 cm. 1. Bracteolcs 3-4 (5) mm. 1., ovate. Sepals roundish, outer 5-6 mrn. 1., 6'5-S mm. br., inner 5-8 mm. 1., 6-7 '5 mm. br., margin usually entire, but the outer sometimes glandulose- denticulate, at any rate at base. Petals 8 mm. 1., obovate, apex not, or only slightly, ernarginate. Ovary 2-celled ; cells with 13-16 ovules ; stigma minute. Fruit (from Mansfield) about 2 cm. 1., 2 '5 cm. br., ovoid- spheroid, apex rounded ; pericarp 4-6 mm. thick. Seeds narrowly ovoid, 8-9 mm. 1. (or more), covered with scarlet papillae. We follow Urban in including provisionally here the fruiting specimen no. 6057 from Mansfield. 1X4 n."i;.v OF .JAMAICA Terrutrcemia 3. T. rostrata A'/-. <£• Url. in 7-:/«//. />w. .A////-/*. am. 533 (1896). T. meridionalis.' Sir. 7>,Wy. 81 (1788) it Obs. />'"/. 207 (in part) : Mucf. -Inin. i. 113 (non Mnti*). In fl. throughout the year; Wriglit \ Jl<-r. lAiuhaij*. below Trafalgar House, Port Royal Mts., M/:cfn/c)i ; McNabl March ! above Egnor ('•ap, J.P. 964, ] fart I St. George, Gilbert \ summit of John Crow Peak, Hritfim, 'JOG! Fish River Mts., 400 ft. ; N.E. of Dolphin Head; Harris'. Fl. Jam. 10,259, 10,817. Tree, 30-40 ft. high. Leaves 3-5-10 cm. 1., 2-5 cm. br., obovate-elliptical or narrowly obovate-elliptical, narrowed gradually to the base and usually prolonged into the petiole, apex rounded or very obtuse, sometimes slightly emarginate, upper surface granulate, margin flat or slightly recurved ; nerves 6-8, slightly prominent beneath, not, or scarcely, visible on the upper surface; petioles 5-7 mm. 1. Peduncles 3-5-5 cm. 1. Bractcoles roundish to ovate, margin entire, not, or slightly, keeled, 3-5 mm. 1., 4-5 mm. br. Flowers rather showy, white, fragrant. Sepals green, outer roundish, inner elliptical or elliptical-roundish, in fl. 7-12 mm. 1., 7-10 mm. br., in fr. outer 8-9 mm. 1., inner 11-14 mm. 1. ; margin entire, rarely denticulate all round. Petals oblong, sometimes somewhat broader above, 7-10 mm. 1. Ovary 2-celled; cells with 11 or 12 ovules; stigma minute. Fruit l'5-2 cm. in diam., spheroidal, or roundish-ovoid, acuminate-beaked, granulate. Seeds about 8, ovoid or somewhat narrowly ovoid, more or less compressed, 9-10 mm. 1., densely covered with papillae. We have followed Urban in recording the above as three species ; further investigation may show them to be merely forms of one species. The material and information available is at present too scanty for decision. 4. T. ealyeina Faicc. & Rendle in Jonrn. Bot. Lv. 363 (1922). In fl. May, in young fr. July; Peckham woods, Clarendon, 2500 ft., Harrisl Fl. Jam. 10,979, 11,035. Tree, 10-30 ft. high. Leaves 5-9 cm. 1., obovate-elliptical, apex rounded or very obtuse, base rounded to wedge-shaped and contracted suddenly into the petiole, upper surface wrinkled-granulate ; margin slightly recurved, leathery ; midrib flat or scarcely impressed on upper surface, somewhat prominent beneath ; nerves 6-8, comparatively conspicuous and more or less slightly prominent on both sides ; petioles 5-8 mm. 1. Peduncles 1-5-2 cm. 1. Bracteoles 7-9 mm. 1., ovate. Sepals 17-13 mm. 1., 11-9 mm. br., ovate-elliptical, crimson ; margin glandulose-denticulate or entire. Petals not seen. Ovary 2-celled ; style (from fl. of which petals have fallen) 9-12 mm. 1. ; stigma 2-punctate. 2. EROTEUM Sw. (Cleyera Choisy). Trees or shrubs. Leaves papery or papery-leathery, crenate or crenulate, toothed, or entire. Peduncles short, axillary, solitary or often clustered. Flowers small, one or a few in the axils. Bracteoles minute, soon falling. Sepals 5. Petals 5, alternate with the sepals, united at base or subfree. Stamens 12-30, united at the base to the corolla; anthers usually with bristly hairs, opening near the apex, much shorter than the filaments. Ovary 2-5-celled ; style 2-5-cleft at the apex only or sometimes to the base ; stigmas small ; ovules 10-50, attached to a placenta at the middle of the cell. Fruit berry-like, not splitting Eroteum TERNSTR(EMIACE.E 185 open. Seeds 5-8, horseshoe-shaped, 2-3 mm. in cliam., with fleshy endosperm ; embryo horseshoe-shaped ; cotyledons shorter than the radicle. Species about 12, natives of the West Indies and tropical continental America from Mexico to Venezuela, a few natives of India or Japan. E. theseoides Sw. Prodr. 85 (1788) & Ic. ined. t. 41 ; G. Maza in Ann. Hist. Nat. Madrid, xix. 222 (1890). Faicc. & Eendle in B Fi£. 70. — Eroteum thecKoides Sw. A, Portion of branch with leaves and flosver x ?,. B, Flower cut lengthwise X 2. C, Fruit cut across x 2. Journ. Bot. Lc. 362. Freziera theoides Sw. FL Lid. Occ. 972, t. 19 (1800) ; DC. Prodr. i. 524 ; Macf. Jam. i. 115 ; Bot. Hay. t. 4546. Cleyera theoides Clioisy in Mem. Soc. PTiys. Geneve, xiv. 110 (1855) (excl. syn. 2V.); Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 103 (excl. syn. Tul. and Cliois.} ; Urb. in Enr/L Bot. Jalirb. xxi. 538 & in Ber. Deutsrfi. Bot. Ges. xiv. 1, 48. (Fig. 70.) Specimen from Swartz in Herb. Mus. Brit. Wild Damson. In fl. throughout the year; Wright \ Catherine Peak, Swartz ! Moaicr ! Macfadyen ! Blue Mt. Peak, McNab \ Purdie ! Wilson ! Portland Gap, 5550 ft., J.P. 654, Morris I near Cinchona, J.P. 654, Hartl Morse's Gap, Jam. Bot. Dept. ! St. George; Content road, 3500 ft.; John Crow Peak, 5600 ft.; Sir John's Peak, 6000 ft.; Harris I Fl. Jam. 5536, 6104, 6513, 9514. — Cuba, Central America. is.; (IF JAMAICA or /;w, 10 oil ft. high. /.< 1-8 < ra. 1., obovate or elliptical ; petioles:'. 7 mm. 1. Petfoncfe* solitary (or 2), ] iicm.1. ,SY/ «//.•>• 1 r>mm.l., roundish to i-lliptical, outer 2 -:•'• --r), inner 8'5 •'» mm. in diam. 1'ctnh I mm. 1., white or greenish-yellow. /'/A about 30. .!»///./-.- mall, '.i 1 or a few bristly hair- on thr back. On// :ed; ovules 14 H in : e. 11. Fruit globose, 8-10 mm. in diam., purple, juicy. .SV,v/.s G-8, .m. in diam. :; leaves are astringent with taste exactly that of tea. (Swartz and Macfadyen.) 3. FREZIERA (Sw.) Choisy (emend.). Shrubs or small tree-. Leaves usually serrate-crenatc ;md many-nerved. Flowers small, 1 or several clustered in the axil <>f the leaf, or in 2 ranks on an abbreviated branch, with per- ent bracteoles, polygamous or dioecious (rarely hermaphrodite). D Pi;_r. 71. — Freziera Grisebachii Kr. & Tib. A. Portion of branch with leaf arid flowers X i. B. Female flower with bracteoles x 3. , persistent axis ; s, seeds x 1 ' . C, Seed x 2. Luplacea TERNSTRCEMIACE.K 189 Geneve .<://•. 144 (185-3); Urb. torn. /•//. o4G. Gordonia hrema- toxylon Sw. Fl. Lid. Occ. 1199 (1800); Macf. Jam. i. 116. (Fig. 72.) Blood wood, Iron wood. Wright \ Broughtonl Swartz \ Bertero ; Macfadycn ! Jenmanl Latimer, Cinchona plantation, Morris ! Hart ! J.P. 594, 609, 902 ; Vinegar Hill, 3950 ft. ; Clydesdale, 3000 ft. ; near Woodcutters' Gap, 4300ft. ; Hardware Gap, 4000 ft. ; Toms Cave Wood, Clarendon, 2500 ft. ; Harris ! John Crow (Blake) Mts., 1700 ft., Harris & Brittonl Fl. Jam. 5493, 5GG2, 6736, 10,124, 10,763, 10,852. Tree, 15-40 ft. high. Leaves 5-10 cm. 1., elliptical, apex obtuse or shortly and obtusely acuminate, base narrowed into the petiole, crenulate or serrate-crenate chiefly above, papery, with inconspicuous hairs at the base and on midrib beneath ; petioles 4-8 mm. 1. Flowers large, showy, white. Peduncles 2-5 mm. 1. Sepals, larger, 9-11 mm. 1., puberulous. Petals 5 or 6, obovate, emarginate, 1-5-3 cm. 1., subglabrous. Ovary 5(6)-celled; cells with about 5 ovules in each. Capsule 1*5-2 cm. 1. Seeds 4-6 in each cell ; wing and seed 10-14 mm. 1. The wood is of a deep red colour, very hard, heavy, fine-grained, and handsome. It is suitable for building purposes in exposed situations, for mill work and for turnery ; it might be used as a substitute for boxwood. [THEA L. Trees or shrubs. Leaves leathery or membranous, serrate. Flowers axillary, solitary or somewhat clustered. Sepals 5-6, unequal. Petals shortly cohering at the base, overlapping. Stamens indefinite, the outer in indefinite series united shortly or nearly to the apex, and adhering to the base of the petals, the inner 5-1 2, free. Ovary 3-5-celled ; styles more or less united or free ; ovules 4-5 in the cells, pendulous. Capsule woody, opening loculicidally. Seeds usually solitary, somewhat thick, not winged ; endosperm none ; embryo straight,, cotyledons thick, radicle short, superior. Species 16, growing in tropical or eastern Asia. T. sinensis L. 82). PL 515 (1753); Urb. in EngL Bot. Jaltrb. xxi. 549 ; Szyszylowicz in Encjl. d- PrantlPflanzenfam. Hi. 6, lS2,fig. 92. T. Bohea L. Sp. PL eel 2, 734 (1762). ' T. viridis L. torn. cit. 735; Bot. Mag. t. 3148; 3/ac/. Jam. i. 118. Tea Bull. Dept. Afjric. Jamaica, i. 150 ."Tainnira in 1771 ( iiull. Bept. •famai< 0, l'J(i:;i, ;lnd .->oun became naturalized in the JJlue Mts.] Fig. 73. — TJtea sine/isi* L. A, Portion of branch with leaf and C, Petals with stamens x 2. flower X -,. D, Ovary cut across, nat. size. B, Section of flower with sepals and E, Capsule x H. petals cut off X 2. F, Seed, nat. size. (A, C-E after Bentley & Trimen ; B, F after Szyszylowicz.) FAMILY LXXI. GUTTIFER^E. Trees or shrubs, sometimes epiphytic, with resinous sap, often yellow or greenish. Leaves opposite, generally decussate, rarely whorl ed, leathery, penninerved, simple, entire, without stipules. Flowers terminal or axillary, sometimes solitary or clustered, sometimes in few-flowered cymes, or in trichotomous panicles, or raceme-like panicles, white, yellow, or pink ; regular, dioecious, polygamous, or hermaphrodite (in Symphonia). Sepals 2-6, rarely indefinite, widely overlapping or decussate, persistent. Petals 2-6, rarely indefinite, contorted or sometimes overlapping. Male flowers : Stamens numerous, very rarely definite, hypo- gynous ; filaments free or variously combined, sometimes united without form into a fleshy mass or combined into as many bundles as there are petals and opposite to them, sometimes long Clusia GUTTIFER/E I'.'l and thread-like. Ovary wanting, or more or less developed. Female or hermaphrodite flower : Staminodes or stamens sur- rounding the ovary, often definite or fewer in number and not combined to such an extent as the stamens of the male flower. Ovary with 2 or more cells or 1-celled in Calophyllum ; ovules 1 to indefinite in each cell, attached to the central angle or erect from the base in Galopliijlhim. Stigmas as many as the cells of the ovary, various in form, sessile or at the apex of separate styles. Fruit generally fleshy-leathery, sometimes not opening, berry-like or drupaceous, sometimes opening septicidally into as many valves as cells. Seeds thick, often with an aril or stroph- iole, without endosperm. Embryo filling the seed, sometimes consisting of a thick radicle with the cotyledons minutely scale- like or on the whole inconspicuous, sometimes divided into 2 cotyledons united without form or scarcely separable, radicle very short, inferior. Species 830, all natives of the tropics. Petioles with a large pit inside at base 2. Rheedia. Petioles without a pit. Stamens forming a tube round pistil 3. SympJwnia. Stamens free or united only at base. Style wanting or very short. Ovary 4-10-celled with indefinite ovules 1. Clusia. Style long or not very short. Ovary 1-celled with 1 ovule 4. Calopliylluiu. Ovary 2-4-celled with 4 ovules 5. Mammea. \. CLUSIA L. Trees or shrubs, often epiphytic,* rarely climbing. A viscid resinous yellow sap flows from every part when cut. Leaves leathery, with a strong midrib, but without nerves or with numerous pinnate nerves. Flowers dioecious, polygamous, or hermaphrodite, at the ends of branches, sometimes rather large and solitary or few, sometimes rather small in panicled cymes. Bracts 2-6. Bracteoles 2-14, decussate in pairs, sepal-like, but smaller. Sepals 4-6, roundish, decussate in pairs or overlapping. Petals 4-10, obovate or oblong, overlapping or decussate. Male flowers : Stamens in male flowers indefinite, usually numerous, free or more or less united at base (in W. Indian species), some- times all growing together into a sessile globose mass or into an upright column, with the anthers immersed, sometimes the interior or exterior growing together and sterile, while the anthers of the exterior or interior are free ; anthers with '2 The epiphytic habit is due to birds getting rid of the seeds on the branches of trees, which germinate there, and send their roots down the trunk to the ground below, eventually smothering their host. 1'.>1' run: A OF JAMAICA C-arely indefinite) cells, opening l»y M longitudinal chink on each le «>r in various ways. l-Vinale Mowers: Staminodes f> to several, free or united, without anthers or anthers more or |. without pollen. Ovary 4-1 0-celled ; stignms radiating, sessile or with short thick styles, distinct or iin-re or less combined ; ovules indefinite in the cells, anatropous, attached at or near the inner an^le, usually more or less horizontal. Capsule thick, leathery or lleshy, opening at length septicidally, showing the angular- winged axis. Seeds generally indefinite, enclosed in a fleshy aril: embryo thick-fleshy, cotyledons minute and scale-like at the apex. Balsam Tree, Wild Fig. Species about 100, growing in the West Indies and tropical and subtropical continental America. Bracteoles 6-4. Fruit 2-2 • 5 cm. 1. Stigmas about 12. 2. C. flava. Bracteoles 2-4. Fruit 5-8 cm. 1. Stigmas 6-9. Sepals to 2 cm. 1. 1. C. rosea. Fruit less than 3 cm. 1. Stigmas 5 (sometimes 4 in No. 3). Sepals 4-6 mm. 1. Fruit about 18 mm. 1 3. C. havetioides. Fruit 12-14 mm. 1 4. C. stcnocarpa. Sepals 18 mm. 1. Fruit 2-2*5 cm. 1 5. C. clarcndonensis. 1. C. rosea Jacq. Enum. 34 (1760) & Sel Stirp. Amer. 270 ; L. Sp. PL eel 2, 1495 ; Tussac Fl Ant. iv. 42, t. 15 (under C. rossea) ; tinsel. FL Br. W. Ind. 107; Vesque Guttifcrse in DC. Nonogr. Pltan. viii. 108 ; Engler Pflanzenfam. Hi. 6, 226 ; Cook d- Coll. in Conirib. U.S. Herb. viii. 119, t. 28; Urb. Syn,b. Ant. iv. 414 & viii. 439 ; Britt. & Millsp. Sail. FL 281. C. major L. Sp. PL 509 (1753) (in part and var. /3). C. silvicola Britton in Torr. Bot. Cl. Bull, xxxvii. 354 (1910). C. flore roseo &c. Plum. Ic. ined. (HI. M'us. Brit.} ii. 103. Cenchramidia &c. Phik. Pltyt. t. 157, /. 2 ; Catesby Carol, ii. t. 99. (Fig. 74.) Type from Catesby in Herb. Mus. Brit. ~\Iarcli\ Grounds of Hope Gardens, Fawccttl coastal thickets, Blue- fields (25 ft. high, growing on Dipholis) Harris ! Fl. Jam. 10,197 ; wooded hill near Dolphin Head, 1300 ft., Britton 2330 !— Bahamas, West Indies, Panama, Venezuela. Tree, 20-50 ft. high, growing on other trees or rocks. Leaves 9-18 cm. L, obovate, apes rounded or rounded-retuse, narrowed towards the base, wedge-shaped or obtuse, margin scarcely recurved, midrib on upper surface slightly prominent below, flat or disappearing above, very prominent beneath but disappearing near apex, nerves numerous, parallel, slightly prominent on both sides; petioles 1-2 cm. 1. Inflorescence 3-5 cm. 1., with 1, 2 or 3 flowers, with the oldest in the centre. Bracts ovate, about 6 mm. 1. Bracteoles 2-4, sepal-like, but smaller. Flowers polygamous. Sepals 4-6, to 2 crn. 1. Petals 6-8, 3-4 cm. 1., pink and white, obovate or obcordate. Male flowers : Stamens : outer fertile in several series, at the base more or less united to form a cup or ring, anthers narrow, cuspidate with the prolonged connective, cells 2, linear, opening by a longitudinal chink ; inner sterile, grown together into a solid resinous mass. Female Clusia GUTTIFEILE 193 flowers : Staminodes grown together to form a cup. Stigmas 6-9. Fruit globose, greenish or nearly white, 5-8 cm. in diam., 6-8-celled. " The seeds contain a pitchy resin, which is used [in Virgin Islands], for caulking the seams of boats, for which purpose it is said to be the equal of asphalt. This is recovered in an ingenious manner. The seeds Fig. 74.— Clusia rosca L. A, Female flower with the petals re- moved, nat. size ; s, sepals ; a, sta- rninodes. B, Double ring of stamens surrounding pistil of hermaphrodite flower, nat. size. C, Portion of the staminal ring, enlarged. (A after Schlechtendal ; B, C after de Tussac ; D, E, F after Engler.) D, Fruit cut lengthwise X | ; e, exocarp r, resin passage ; p, placenta ; s, seeds. E, Portion of same cut across, showing one cell with the seeds attached to the placentas. F, Seed cut lengthwise X 3. are set in an ordinary dutch stove, and set alight, burning readily. The melting resin flows down through the grate, and is collected in the ash chamber below." (Note in Hb. Kew from Comm. of Agric. W.I., 1913.) 2. C. flava Jacq. Enum. 34 (1760), Sel Stirp. Amer. 272, t. 167, &L Ed. pict. t. 251; L. Sp. PL ed, 2, 1495; Andrews Repos. t. 223 ; May cock Flora Barbadensis 398 ; Macf. Jam. i. 134 ; Nutt. N. Amer. Sylva ii. Ill, t. 77 (1852); Griseb. loc. cit. ; Vesque Guttiferse torn. cit. 81 ; Small Fl S.E. U.S. 782. C. major L. Sp. PI 509 (1753) (in part) & Amcen. v. 383. C. arborea &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 236 (excl. syn. Catesb. & Pink.). Terebinthus V. 0 l'.!4 FLORA ()F JAMAICA Clutia folio simjuhiri &c. SIuun>' ('«(. 167, ///*/. //. 91, /. L'OO, /. 1 (excl. fruit). Specimen i'nnn I5ro\vne in HeH>. Linn. Sloan*' Herb. vi. 107 (oxcl. fruit)! Jfroirncl }\'ngJtt ! Mirs I Flridge Hill, 1500ft.; (ireat Goat Is. ; Potsdam, 2600ft.; Kentucky Hill, Elm-fields Mt., 2000- 2500 ft.; sea-coast, Xegril; Harris I Fl. Jam. 70*7, VK376, 0'.J7C., 10,21:;, 10,223. — Barbados (fide J/T/J/O', /', i. ( . raml Caynuui (Hitchcock}, Florida Keys (tide Nut tall). Tree, 15-30 ft. high, growing on rocks and trees, often killing its tree host and then supported by its own roots. Leaves 6-14 cm. 1., obovate, apex rounded or rounded-truncate, narrowed towards the base, wedge- shaped or obtuse, margin usually slightly recurved, midrib on upper surface more or less flat, sometimes slightly impressed below, usually disappearing above, prominent beneath but disappearing above, nerves parallel, 11-15, usually conspicuous and prominent beneath, not so much so on upper surface, sometimes inconspicuous or not visible on both sides ; petioles 1-2 cm. 1. Inflorescence : male 3-5 cm. 1., with 2-7 flowers ; female usually solitary. Bracts 4-6, 3 mm. 1. JJracteoles 6-14, sepal-like but smaller and decreasing in size gradually downwards, sometimes also 6-8 on pedicels still smaller. Sepals 4, 9-11 mm. 1. Petals 4, opposite the sepals, one pair larger than the other, pale yellow, obovate, apex truncate, very thick, 2-2 -5 cm. 1. Male flowers: Stamens very many, inserted on a receptacle, crowded, free; filaments very short; anthers opening along the sides, oblong, basifixed, not cuspidate. Ovary very small, sterile, with four 3-rayed stigmas. Female flowers : Staminodes 8-12 in 4 bundles, free, with anthers. Stigmas about 12, distinct, persistent. Fruit subglobose, 2-2 '5 cm. in diarn., with about 12 cells and 12 valves. Seeds several. 3. C. havetioides Planch. tO Tr. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xiii. 368 (1860) ; Vesque Guttif. torn. cit. 57. Tovomita havetioides Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 106 (1859). Wilson \ above Ferry, Purdiel Chester Vale; road to "Whitfield Hall, 4000 ft. ; near Clydesdale, 4400 ft. ; Harris ! Schwallenburg, Faiccett <£ Harris ! Fl. Jam. 5356, 6053, 6521, 7013; Cinchona, G. Nichols ! New Haven Gap, 5600 ft. ; Vinegar Hill Road, 4500 ft. ; Pessin. Tree, 15-20 ft. high. Leaves 4-10 cm. 1., obovate-elliptical, obovate to oblanceolate, apex rounded, base wedge-shaped, narrowing into the broad petiole, margin recurved, midrib on upper surface dightly prominent above, canaliculate below, prominent beneath, nerves numerous, parallel, usually slightly prominent on both sides ; petioles flat above, slightly margined, 1*5- '5 cm. 1., or even less. Inflorescence : male cymes com- pound, densely corymbiform, terminal ; female with 1 or 3 flowers. Male flowers : Bracts ovate, 2-5 mm. 1. Bracteoles 2, ovate-triangular or roundish, 2-2 '5 mm. 1. Serials 4 (5), irregularly elliptical, about 5 mm. 1. Petals 5 (6), about 6 mm. 1. Stamens numerous, free ; filaments 2-3 mm. 1. ; anthers ellipsoidal, opening at the sides. Female flowers : some- what larger than male. Stigmas 5 (4). Fruit (?ripe) ovoid or ovoid- ellipsoidal, 5(4)-celled, 18 mm. 1. 4. C. stenoearpa Vrl. Symb. Ant. v. 433 (1908). Green Hill, 3000 ft. ; between Hardware Gap and Rose Hill, 3600 ft. ; Harris\ Fl. Jam. 5929, 10,134. Tree, 20-35 ft. high. Leaves 7-12 cm. L, 4-8 -5 cm. br., broadly obovate, apex rounded, base narrowed more or less abruptly into the short petiole, Clusia GUTTIFER^E 195 margin recurved, midrib on upper surface slightly prominent above, some- what impressed below, prominent beneath, nerves as in C. havetioides ; petioles 4-7 mm. 1. Inflorescence (in fruit) to 5 cm. 1., regularly branched, 15-flowered. Bracts, primary ovate, acuminate, to 6 mm. 1., upper shorter and more triangular. Bracteoles 2 or 4, 2-3 mm. 1., lower triangular, the upper sepal-like. Female flowers : Sepals 4, roundish-ovate, 4-5 mm. 1. Petals (fide Urban) obovate, broadly clawed, 6-8 mm. 1., 4 mm. br. above. Stigmas 5, sessile. Fruit ellipsoidal or ellipsoidal-oblong, 5-celled, slightly fleshy, 12-15 mm. 1. Seeds 6-9 in each cell, 2-5 mm. 1. 5. C. elarendonensis Britton in Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xxxix. 1 (1912). In fr. July and Dec. ; Peckham woods, Clarendon, 2500 ft., Harris \ Fl. Jam. 10,992, 12,793. Tree, 15 ft. high, low, spreading, growing on limestone rocks. Leaves 5-10 cm. 1., 4-8 cm. br., broadly obovate, apex rounded-retuse or rounded, base narrowed into the short petiole (4-6 mm. 1.) or truncate, sessile, margin flat or slightly recurved, midrib on upper surface slightly prominent above, somewhat impressed below, prominent beneath, nerves as in C. havetioides. Inflorescence (in fruit) 5-8 cm. 1., with a terminal and 2 lateral flowers. Bracts, primary and secondary, ovate, triangular, 5-8 mm. 1. Bracteoles 2, semicircular, 4 mm. 1. Female flowers : Sepals 4, outer roundish, inner elliptical, about 8 mm. 1. (in fr.). Stigmas 5, sessile. Fruit 2-2 -5 cm. 1., ellipsoidal, 5-celled. Seeds about 7 in each cell, 3-4 mm. 1. 2. RHEEDIA L. Trees, with yellow sap. Leaves rigidly leathery, with pinnate nerves; petioles with a margined pit inside at the base. Peduncles axillary or lateral, 1-flowered, in clusters. Flowers polygamo- dicecious, generally small. Sepals 2, united at the base, over- lapping at the apex or on one side valvate. Petals 4, decussately overlapping, the outer alternate with the sepals. Male flowers : Stamens indefinite, free, inserted around the base of a hemi- spherical thick fleshy disk ; anthers small, 2-celled, opening longitudinally. Hermaphrodite flowers : Stamens round the disk in a single series. Ovary situated on the disk, 3-4(5)- celled ; stigma peltate-discoid, subsessile or with a short style; ovules solitary in each cell, erect, attached at the inner angle above the base. Fruit a berry, with a leathery wall, 1 -celled by the disappearance of the partition walls, with 1-5 seeds, crowned by the persistent stigma. Seeds enclosed in an aril-like pulp, ovoid or oblong, seed-coat thin. Embryu large, fleshy, resinous ; cotyledons very small or wanting. Species 32, of which 13 are found in the AVest Indies, and the rest in tropical continental America. Leaves elliptical to broadly ovate, 32-30 cm. 1. Petals 6-7 mm. 1 1. R. latcriflora. Petals about 10 mm. 1 2. B. sessiliflora. Leaves narrowly ovate-oblong, acuminate, 5-12 cm. 1. Petals 3 mm. 1 3. 11. pcndula. O '_' 100 FLORA OK JAMAICA /,'//' •••ilia 1. R. lateriflora L. Sp. PI. 1193 (1753); Tussac Fl Ant. /'//. 104, /. 32; Dfxcoiirt. Fl. Ant. v. 149, /. 343; /'/,//„•//. ,(• Tr. in Ann. Sc. Nat. xer. 4, .r/r. 307 ; Vcsqiie in DC. N<>innjr. PlidntTo//. ri't. 497 ; Urb. Si/ntb. Ant. vlil. 440. Vanrheedia 7V/////. (ten. 45, /. IS. Rheedia PZttm. PL Amcr. (Jlurm.) 2r>f>, /. L'57. Al.-unmea humilis Vail Eclog. ii. 40, t. 20 (1798); Griseb. FL Br. W. Intl. 1US (excl. syn. Gan-lnin macrophylld). \\ i Id INIaminee. Wriijhi ! high woods, Pedro, 7'/m//V ! M'arch !— Hispaniola, Montserrat, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Trinidad. TWc, medium height. Z/n<>r 4 are tropical American, including 200 FLORA OF JAMAICA CalopJii/Uiim one or two also found in the West Indies, the rest growing in the tropics of the Old World and Oceania. Leaves elliptical, 7-14 cm. 1 1. C. Jacquinii. Leaves narrowly oblong, 15-30 cm. 1 2. C. longifolium. 1. C. Jacquinii num. nov. ; C. Calaba Jacq. Sel. Stiff). Amer. 269, /. 1G5 (1763) & Ed. pict. t. 249 (non L. Sp. PL 514 (1753) ) ; L. Sp. PL C(L 2, 732 (1762) (only as regards reference to Jacq. Stirp.)-, Sw. Ol)s. 216; Descourt. FL Ant. ii. 30, t. 74; Mar/'. Jam. i. 136 ; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 108 (excl. reference to Brazil) ; Planch. & Tr. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xv. 249 ; Urb. Synth. Ant. iv. 412 & viii. 438; Vesque in DC. Monogr. Plian. viii. 588 ; Britton FL Berm. 246. Mali persicse Mameyie &c. Sloane Cat. 180 «fc Hist. ii. 124. Arbor altissima &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 372. Calaba &c. Plum. Gen. 39, t. 18. (Fig. 77.) Santa Maria, Wild Mammee. Sloane Herb. vii. 58! Wright I March; Prior; Castleton, Fawcettl Langley, Harris \ Fl. Jam. 5514, 6329. — West Indies (naturalized in Bermuda). A lofty tree. Leaves 7-14 cm. L, elliptical, apex rounded or rounded- ernarginate, base obtuse or wedge-shaped, thinly leathery. Racemes axillary, 3 cm. 1. Sepals 5-8 mm. 1. Petals none or 1-2, shorter than the inner sepals. Male flowers : Stamens 40-50. Pistil very small. Female flowers: Stamens few, in one series. Ovary globose; style short; stigma shield-shaped. Drupe globose, 2-2 • 5 cm. in diam. Seed globose, about 1*3 cm. in diam. C. Calaba L. Sp. PL 514 (1753) is founded on a Ceylon plant (Fl. Zeyl. no. 202) (named later C. Burmanni Wight 111. i. 129, 1838), a different species from the \Vest Indian plant described by Jacquin under the same name. In Sp. PL ed. 2, 732, Linnaeus added the reference to Jacquin. 2. C. longifolium Willd. in Mag. der Gesellscli. Naturforsch. Freunde 80 (1811) ; Planch. & Tr. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xv. 255. C. brasiliense Camb. var. longifolium Vesque in DC. Monogr. viii. 592 (1893) ; Sloane Hist. ii. t. 217, /. 4. White Santa Maria. Sloane Herb. vii. 58 ! Union Hill, Moneague, Priori March I Murray (225, 228 in Herb. DC.) fide Planch. & Tr. loc. cit. Leaves 15-30 cm. L, 4-7 cm. br., oblong, apex rounded or obtusely acuminate, base obtuse or rounded or somewhat acute, margin thickened, very narrowly repand; petiole 10-18 mm. 1. Flowers and fruit not known. 5. MAMMEA L. Trees. Leaves hard and leathery, generally with pellucid dots, nerves pinnate, slender and close together, connected by a network of veins. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, solitary or clustered. Flowers polygamous. Calyx splitting valvately into 2 sepals on flowering. Petals 4-6. Stamens numerous, free or united at the base ; filaments thread-like : anthers erect, oblong, 2-celled, opening longitudinally. Disk wanting. Ovary 2-celled, Mammea GUTTIFER^E 201 each cell with 2 ovules, or 4-celled, each cell with 1 ovule ; style short, with shield-like stigma broadly 2-lobed. Drupe edible, with 1 to 4 seeds. Seeds large. Embryo : cotyledons very large, thick and fleshy, united or separable ; radicle very short. Species one, indigenous in the West Indies and tropical America, cultivated in the tropics of the Old World. M. amerieana L. Sp. PL 512 (1753) ; Jacq. Sel. Stirp. Amer. 268, t. 181, /. 82 & Ed. pid. t. 248; tiw. Obs. 214; Lunan Hort. Jam. i. 481 ; Tussac FL Ant. Hi. 32, t. 1 ; Wriglit Mem. Fig. 78. — Mammca amerieana L. A, Tip of branch, showing leaves, a bud, D, Fruit cut across, showing 2 stones, one and hermaphrodite flower, x \. of which is opened to show the seed, B, Male flower, uat. size. X ?. C, Pistil cut lengthwise, enlarged. (After Eugler.) 280; Macf. Jam. i. 135; Griscb. Fl. Br. W. Lid. 10S ; -Planclt. d' Tr. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xv. 242 ; Enfjl. in Fl. Bras. .rii. pt. 1, 395, t. 79 ; Vesqiie in DC. Monorjr. viii. 636 ; Urb. Si/nib. Ant. ir. 412 & viii. 438; Pittier in Co'nfrib. U.S. Nat. Hrrh. xiii. 451, tt. 90, 91. M. maxima Arc. and M. foliis etc. Browne Hixt. J, 25-60 ft. high. Leaves l-2'5dm.L, elliptical, sometimes obovate, apex rounded, base vredge-shaped, obtuse, or rounded, with pellucid gland > prominent beneath amongst the veins. Han-crs white, fragrant. .Vc^a/.s l-S-1'7 cm. 1. Petals 1-7-2 cm. 1. Fruit 10-15 cm. in diam., globose, apiculate, with thick russet-brown skin and fibrous-pulpy yellow mesocarp. S<-i'(1s 2-4, about two-thirds as long as the fruit, with a reddish rough fibrous coat. The fruit, when quite ripe, is agreeable, suggesting the apricot, but the thick skin is bitter and must be carefully removed, and the inner flesh next the stones is also bitter. It is often sliced and soaked in wine with sugar before eating. A marmalade is also made with sugar and spice. In the French Islands the flowers are distilled with spirit to make a liqueur known as can, cr^ole. The gum, melted with fat, is applied to the sores made by chigoes. FAMILY LXXII. HYPERICACE^E. Herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees. Leaves usually opposite and herbaceous, simple, entire or glandular-dentate ; stipules wanting. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite, usually terminal, yellow or white. Foliaceous parts often dotted with pellucid glands, petals and stamens also dotted but not conspicuously. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, but in Ascyrum 4, over- lapping. Petals the same number as the sepals, hypogynous, overlapping. Stamens indefinite, hypogynous, variously united except in Ascyrum. Ovary usually of 3-5 carpels, more or less perfectly 3-5-celled, in Ascyrum 1 -celled. Styles thread-like, usually free. Ovules indefinite, anatropous. Fruit various. Seeds without an aril ; endosperm wanting. Species about 290, dispersed through the temperate and warmer regions of the whole world. ASCYRUM L. Leafy undershrubs. Leaves small, entire. Flowers yellow, about 3 together at the ends of twigs. Sepals 4, 2 outer very large or all subequal. Petals 4. Stamens slightly united at the base or free. Ovary 1 -celled, with 2 or 3 (4) placentas on the walls ; styles as many as the placentas, free or cohering at the base. Fruit a capsule, opening at the placentas. Seeds not winged. Embryo straight, cylindrical, with cotyledons generally shorter than the radicle. Species 6 or 7, growing in the West Indies and North America, one in Bermuda, and one in the Himalayas. A. hyperieoides L. Sp. PL 788 (1753) (excl. syn. Pluk.) ; Sic. Obs. 294 ; Macf. Jam. i. 132 ; Grixeb. FL Br. W. Ind. 112 ; Ascijrnui HYPEEICACE^E 20: Small FL S.E. U.S. 785 ; Britt. & Brown III. FL ii 428 ; Urb. Synth. Ant. iv. 411 & viii. 437. A. crux- Andrew L. Sp. PL ed. 2, 1107 (1763) (excl. syn. Pluk.) (uon ed. 1). A. fruticosum tfcc. Browne Hist. Jam. 309. A. foliis oblongis &c. Plum. PL Amcr. (Burm.) 146, t. 152, /. 1. (Fig. 79.) Specimen from Browne in Herb. Linn, named Hypericum angustifolium in Solander's hand with correction to Ascyrum, the correct specific name added by J. E. Smith. In fl. all the year ; highest mts., Broughton ! cooler mts. of New Liguanea, Browne \ Swartz \ Hartweg ! Purdie ! coffee plantations, St. Andrew, Bromfield ! Wilson I Priori March I Blue Mts., Morris ! Prospect Hill, near Castleton, 2000 ft., Thompson ! Cinchona, 5000 ft., Harris \ also Clutel Fl. Jam. 7936, 8584 ! Blue Mt. Peak, Hitchcock.— Cuba, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, continental America from Massachusetts to Colombia. Fi-'. 79. — Ascifnnn Iii/pericoicles L. A, Portion of stem with leaves and C, Fruit cut lengthwise with one flowers, nat. size. sepal behind x 2. B, Flower x 2. Shrub, 1-2 ft. high, with compressed 2-edged branches. Leaves 7-18 mm. L, oblong-oblanceolate, narrowed to the base, 2-glandular at base, with pellucid dots. Bractcoles 2, linear, about 4 mm. 1. Sepals: 2 outer ovate-elliptical or oblong-ovate, base subcordate, about 1 cm. 1., inner about 3 mm. 1., lanceolate. Petals shorter or somewhat longer than the large sepals. Styles short, 2. Capsule usually shorter than the large persistent sepals. Seeds about 1 mm. 1., black, oblong, minutely pitted. FAMILY LXXIII. QUIIXACE^E. Leaves opposite or climbing. Trees or shrubs, sometimes whorled, entire or pinnately cleft. Stipules generally _. narrow. Flowers small, regular, usually polygamous, in short 20-4 FLOIIA OF JAMAICA Quiina axillary or terminal panicles, raceme-like or clustered. Sepals 4-5, overlapping. Petals 4-5 (6-8), hypogyiious, overlapping or twisted. Stamens 15—30, or numerous, free or united at base and with the petals, hypogynous or perigynous ; anthers small, globose. Ovary 2-3- or 7-14-celled, free or attached to calyx ; styles '2-3, distinct, linear, or wanting ; stigmas peltate ; ovules '2 (or more) in each cell, anatropous, ascending. Fruit berry-like, with fibrous endocarp, at length opening irregularly by valves, usually 1-celled with 1-4 seeds, or 11-14-celled with 1-4 seeds in each cell. Seeds ovoid or globose, tomentose. Embryo straight ; endosperm wanting or present ; cotyledons thick, distinct ; radicle very short. Species about 30, natives of West Indies and tropical continental America. QUIINA Aubl. Stamens 15-30, hypogynous. Ovary 2-3-celled, free; styles 2-3, stigmas obliquely peltate ; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit usually 1-celled, with 1-4 seeds. Endosperm wanting. Fig. 80. — Quiina jamaicensis Griseb. A, Portion of flowering shoot with D, Fruit, nat. size. leaves and flowers X 5. E, Seed, nat. size ; h, point of attach- B, Male flower x 8. ment. d. ; Wright Mem. 192; Gacrtn. Fruct. i. 292, /. Gl ; Jacq. H«,i. Schoenbr. iv. t. 483; Tnssac Fl. Ant. ii. 85, /. 20 ; 'iLn-f. Jam. i. 41; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 20; Eiclil. in FL Bras, lali.pt. 1, 433, t. 87; Warb. in Pjianzcnfam. in. 6, 310, fig. 142; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 415 & viii. 441 ; Britt. FL Berm. 248. Bixa foliis itc. Browne Hist. Jam. 254. Orleana, Orellana, s. Urucu 206 FLORA OF JAMAICA Bisa &c. PI iih. Phyt. t. 209, /. 4. Urucu $I<,. PL 371 (1753). Winterana Canella L. Syst. ed. 10, 1045 (1759); Urb. Si/mb. Ant. iv. 415. Cassia Cinamomea s. Cinamomum sylvestre Barbadensium etc. Pink. Phi/t. t. 160, /. 7. Arbor baccifera, laurifolia, aromatica A:c. Sloane Cat. 165 & Hint. //. 87, t. 191, /. 2 ; Catcsbij Carol, it. t. 50. (Fig. 82.) Specimen in Herb. Linn, named by Linmeus. 208 FLORA OF JAMAICA Candor Wild Cinnamon, W h i t e w o o d Bark, White Cinnamon. In fl. April-July, in fr. Aug.-Feb. ; Sloanc Herb. vi. 100! Wright I Lontj Mt. : Salt Pond Hill; Broiujlitoul Port Koyal Mts., Mac/ad if n I I1 tin] Wilson] March! llock Fort, (Ira1>li. 421 (1910) & viii. 447 : leaves 3-10 cm. L, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate with long and narrow tip, densely serrulate-dentate, on upper surface glabrous and shining, beneath of a lighter colour, sometimes tomentose with greyish or brownish hairs, sometimes glabrate ; (lowers in stalked clusters; stamens 10; stigma capitate. C. stipularis Vent. Clwix. t. 46 (1803) ; Griseb. Ft. Br. W. Ind. 23 ; EicJtl. in Fl. Bras. xiii. pt. 1, 478. C. serrulata Grixeb. lor. cit. (as regards the Jamaican specimens, non Sw.). C. serrata Macf. 214 n.oRA OF JAMAICA Gaaearia l. 2H'» (1837); Uib. Si/ml*. Ant. /•/'. SS /// Oh*. Sainyda •a L. JUrlt. in Act. Soc. ///*/. Nat. P,u: i. 1U!» (17!)2). Jam. arborea In fl. Nov.-March; Wright ! near Rose Hill, St. Andrew, Mre, 8-20 ft. high; young branches densely puberulous or glabrate. Leaves : pellucid dots and lines sometimes numerous, but few or not conspicuous in leaves tomentose beneath; petioles 2-4 mm. 1. ; stipules about 1 cm. 1. (or less), lanceolate-linear, densely puberulous, falling very soon. Peduncles 1-2 mm. 1. ; pedicels about as long as the calyx. Calyx 3'5-4'5 mm. 1. ; tube scarcely half as long. Anthers twin- subglobose, with a minute hairy gland on the back at apex. Staminodcs oblong-lanceolate-spathulate, hairy, about half as long as the stamens. Ovary glabrous but hairy at apex ; style hairy near base. Fruit about 4 mm. L, ellipsoidal. Seeds about 2 mm. L, ellipsoidal, minutely reticu- lately pitted. :». C. sylvestris Su: FL Lid. Occ. 752 (1798); leaves 6-9 (3-14) cm. 1., oblong, elliptical, or ovate, acuminate with a long narrow tip, base usually somewhat unequal, subentire, glabrous ; flowers in axillary sessile clusters ; calyx 2-2 • 5 mm. 1. ; stamens 10 ; stigma 3-cleft. — Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 23 ; Eicltl. in FL Bras. xiii. pt. 1, 481 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 422 & viii. 448. C. par vi flora Macf. Jam. i. 216 (non Willd.). Arbor baccifera foliis &c. Sloane 'Cat. 173 & Hist. ii. 108, t. 211, /. 2. Samyda foliis ovatis cum acumine itc. Browne Hist. Jam, 217. S. parvi- flora L. Syst. ed. 10, 1025 (1759) & Amoen. v. 378 (non Loefl.). Specimens from Swartz in Herb. Mus. Brit, and in Mus. Botan. Stockholm. Banks of Rio Cobre, Sloane Herb. vii. 39 ! Wright \ Dancer ! Swartz\ Distin ! Wilson ! Moneague, Prior ! March ! J.P. 711, Jcnman ! Kings House, J.P. 907, Hart\ Claverty Cottage, Blue Mts., J.P. 1464, 1466, Morris ! Port Morant, Hitchcock ; Cascade ; Whitfield Hall ; Troy, 2000 ft. ; Harris I Liguanea plain, 600 ft., Campbell ! between Bath and Cuna Cuna Pass, Harris <0 Britton ! Ythanside, Portland, Moore I Robertsfield, Blue Mts., Perkins \ Fl. Jam. 5236, 5390, 6239, 9408, 10,555, 10,646.— West Indies, tropical continental America. Shrub or tree, 12-30 ft. high. Leaves with numerous pellucid dots and lines ; petioles 4-5 mm. 1. ; stipules cordate-ovate or roundish, 1-1 '5 mm. 1. Flowers white. Pedicels 3-5 mm. 1. Calyx sparingly puberulous ; tube about one-fourth of length. Stamens free ; anthers subglobose with a glabrous gland at apex. Staminodes spathulate-oblong, hairy, about half as long as stamens. Pistil glabrous ; style short. Fruit subglobose, red or orange, 4 -5-5 mm. L, 3-cornered, 3-valved ; valves at length spreading, united at base. Seeds 2 mm. L, flattened-ellipsoidal, swollen at hilum. 4. C. guianensis Urb. Synth. Ant. Hi. 322 (1902); leaves 6-18 cm. L, oblong-elliptical, obovate-elliptical, or elliptical, obtuse and shortly acuminate, more or less serrulate-dentate, nerves 5-6, pubescent in young leaves on both sides ; stipules 2-5 mm. 1., linear-awl-shaped, soon falling; pedicels jointed close Casearia FLACOURTIACE.K 215 to base ; flowers in axillary sessile clusters, usually at nodes which have dropped their leaves below the leafy apex of the twigs; stamens 8; stigma capitate. — Urb. Synib. Ant. iv. 420 & mil. 447. C. ramiflora Valtl Synib. ii. 50 (1791) ; Grind. Ft. Br. W. Lid. 24 (excl. var. /?) ; Eichl. in FL Bras, xiii. pt. 1, 464. Iroucaiia guianensis Alibi. Guian. i. 329, /. 127 (1775). A specimen from Aublet in Herb. Mus. Brit. Mac fad i/ en ! St. Mary, McXab ! March ! Friendship, St. Ann, Brit ton 2559 ! Lucea, Hitchcock ; Mocha road, Catadupa, 2000 ft. ; Gully road, St. Ann's Bay ; Peckham, Clarendon, 2000 ft. ; near Bath ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 9179, 10,367, 10,369, 11,039, 11,956.— West Indies, Central and S. America. Shrub 10-12 ft. high, or shrubby tree 20-30 ft. high, without spines ; young twigs with brown hairs. Leaves with numerous pellucid dots and lines ; petioles 3-6 iinn. 1. Flowers white, greenish-white, or greenish- yellow, very fragrant ; pedicels 5-7 mm. 1., usually, together with the calyx, with brown hairs. Calyx 4 to nearly 5 mm. 1. ; tube less than or about 1 mm. 1. Stamens glabrous. Staminodcs villose, oblong, broader near apex. Ovary villose. Fruit white, often with one side brownish- violet or reddish-brown, 6-12 mm. 1., ellipsoidal or subglobose, obtusely 6-cornered. Seeds 3-10, subovoid, 3-3' 5 mm. 1., buff-coloured, minutely pitted, swollen at hilum, with orange-coloured aril. 5. C. aeuleata Jacq. Enum. 21 (1760) tfc Sel. Stirp. Amer. 133 ; leaves 4-7 (3-12) cm. 1., elliptical, ovate-elliptical, obovate- elliptical, or lanceolate-ovate, acute, obtuse, obtusely acuminate, remotely serrate-dentate or subentire, nerves 4-5, more or less J with brown hairs on nerves of younger leaves; stipules 1 mm. 1., lanceolate, very soon falling ; pedicels jointed about the middle or between middle and base ; flowers in axillary sessile clusters at the nodes (leafy or leafless) of younger branches, in other respects as in C. guianensis.— Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 419 & viii. 446. C. spinosa Wllld. Sp. PL ii. 626 (1799) ; EicM. in FL Bras. xiii. pt, 1, 463. C. hirta Sw. FL Lid. Occ. 756 (1798); Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 23 ; Macf. Jam. i. 215. Samyda spinosa foliis tfcc. Plnm. PL Amer. (Burm.) 138, t. 147, f. 1. S. spinosa L. Sp. PL ed. 2, 557 (1762).' S. tomentosa Sw. Prodr. 68 (1788). S. multi- flora Cav. Icon. i. 48, L 67 (1791). C. ramiflora Valtl var. spinosa Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 24 (1859). Type from Jamaica of C. hirta Su\ in Mus. Botan. Stockholm, and specimens from S \vartz from Hispaniola in Herb. Mus. Brit. Woody pastures, Swartz ! Macfadycn ! — Cuba, Isle of Pines, Hispaniola, Porto Kico, tropical continental America. Shrub, 6-8 ft. bigh ; branches frequently spiny; young twigs glabrous or more or less with brown hairs, at length glabrate. Leave x with numerous pellucid dots and lines. Fruit ovoid-subglobose, obtusely 3-cornered. Seeds as in C. yuianensis. 6. C. odorata Marf. Jtnn. /. 215 (1S37); leaves 2-5-9 cm. 1., elliptical, obovate, or subrhomboidal, apex scarcely or abruptly and shortly acuminate, tip obtuse or subemarginate, base acute, 216 FLORA OF JAMAICA Casearia running into the petiole, margin more or less evidently crenulate- serrulate, on upper surface shining, beneath on. nerves puberulous or glabrescent ; stipules 1-2 mm. L, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute or shortly awl-shaped ; liowers in axillary sessile clusters ; stamens 8; stigma capitate. — Urb. Symb. Ant. Hi. 321. C. rami- flora v. spinosa Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 24 (as regards the specimen from Jamaica). Cockspur. In fl. June-Oct. ; ^\'rif/Jit ! Sirartz ! t-avaunas, St. Thomas in the Vale ; Port Royal Mts. ; Macfadyen \ Distin I Pedro district, Purclie \ Moneague, Prior I Claverty Cottage, Blue Mts., J.P. 1463, Hart ! Yallahs valley, 1500 ft. ; Mavis Bank ; Cascade Rock ; Troy. 1600 ft. ; Stanmore Hill, 2200 ft. ; Malvern, 2200 ft. ; New Market, 1150 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 5744, 6595, 8155, 9467, 9773, 9808, 9868, 9S78. Shrub, without spines, 6-12 ft. high, sometimes straggling vine-like, growing to a length of 30 ft., occasionally a tree 15-20 ft. high. Leaves with numerous pellucid dots but few lines ; petioles 4-6 mm. 1. Flowers greenish-white, very fragrant, 4-10(-15) in a cluster. Pedicels 4-5 mm. 1. Sepals 4-5 mm. L, elliptical-oblong, united at base. Fruit globose, nearly 1 cm. L, angled, 3-valved. 7. C. hirsuta Suo. Fl. Ind. Occ. 755 (1798) ; leaves 6-12 cm. 1. ; elliptical, apex rounded or acute or with a short pointed tip, base sometimes unequal, pubescent on both sides with brownish hairs, beneath soft to the touch, obscurely crenate- or dentate-serrate ; pedicels jointed between, middle and base ; flowers in sessile clusters; stamens 8 or 10; stigma capitate. — Macf. Jam. i. 217 ; Griseb. op. cit. 23 ; Eichl. torn. cit. 470 (in Obs.) ; Urb. Symb. Ant. viii. 447. C. mollis H. B. & K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. v. 365, t. 480 (1823) (Lindleya mollis in tab.'). C. hirta Griseb. loc. cit. (non Su\). Frutex baccifer folio &c. Sloane Cat. 173 & Hist. ii. 109. JSamyda foliis ovatis villosis &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 218? S. Gui donia L. Am'jen. v. 379? (1760). Type in Mu«. Botan. Stock- holm. Specimen from Browne in Herb. Linn., named " Sarnyda? nitida or lateriflora " with a reference to page 218 of Browne's Hist. Jam. Cloven Berries. Browne ! Broughton ! Sliakcspcar ! Masson ! Swartz \ Bancroft \ Mac- fadycn [ St. Elizabeth, Purdie ! Moneague, Prior ! March ! Liguanea plain, J.P. 625, 1292, Morris ! Berwick Hill ; Hope Mines, 750 ft. ; Round Hill, Santa Cruz Mts., 1850 ft. ; Harris ! M. Jam. 8365, 9698.— Cuba, Is. of Pines, Hispaniola, Panama, Venezuela, Guiana. Shrub, 8-25 ft. high, without spines. Leaves : nerves and veins slightly prominent on both sides, with numerous pellucid dots but very few lines ; petioles 4-5 mm. 1. ; stipules 3 mm. 1., linear-lanceolate. Flowers white or greenish-white, fragrant. Calyx 4'5 mm. L, minutely tomentose ; tube less than half as long. Fruit ovoid, 3-cornered, 3-valved, 1-1*5 cm. 1. 2. ZUELANIA A. Rich. Trees or shrubs. Leaves with pellucid dots, stipulate. Flowers hermaphrodite, in dense clusters ; pedicels jointed, with JZuelania FLACOURTIACE^ 217 bracts at the base. Calyx-lobes 4—5, overlapping. Petals want- ing. Stamens 20-40, alternating with as many staminodes. O O »/ Ovary free ; stigma sessile or subsessile, peltate ; ovules numerous on 3 placentas on the ovary-walls. Capsule large, fleshy, globose, berry-like, at length opening by valves. Seeds numerous, with an aril ; endosperm fleshy. Species 1 or 2, natives of Cuba, Jamaica, and the Bahamas. Z. Guidonia Britt. & Nilhp. Bait. FL 285 (1920). Z. laetioides A. Pdcli. in Sagra Cub. x. 33, xli. t. 12 (1845), Laetia Guidonia Fig. 85. — Zuelania Guidonia Britt. & Millsp. A, Portion of branch with flowers C, Flower just opening X 3. and young leaves x 5. D, Fruit X A. B, Flower X 3. Sw. Prodr. 83 (1788); Macf. Jam. /. 43. I., longifolia .1. EicL torn. cit. 31, t. 10 (1845). Samyda icosandra Sic. FL Ind. Occ. 1962 (1806). S. major tfcc. .4. Bolinson Ic. incd. Thiodia Ifetioides Grisel. FL Br. W. Ind. 22 (1859). (Fig. 85.) Cufitey Wood, Silver Wood, Glass Wood. Wright ! Swartzl Moneague, Prior ! March ! Gueenvale, Westmoreland, 500 ft.; Potsdam, 2600 ft.; Peckham, Clarendon, 2500 ft.; Harris I FL Jam. 7088, 9819, 11,020.— Cuba, Bahamas. 218 KI.'MIA OK -JAMAICA Zurl<>t. Hi. .">17, //. 11, 1*2 (1844); Gri*>b. Fl. Br. W. In. St/mb. Ant. vi. 19 in Obs. 1. (Fig. 88.) Woods above Bio Manna, St. Mary, Purdi<'\ Wihon\ near Browns Town, St. Ann, Priori eastern slopes of south end of John Crow (Blake) Mts., Harris A Britton \ Fl. Jam. 10,738. Tree, 25 ft. high. Leaves 6-12 cm. 1., ovate, base often oblique, above gradually acuminate, tip acute, subleathery-membranous, the 3 strong Fig. 88. — Lunania racemosa Hook. A, Leaf and portion of inflorescence C, Ovary x 7. X 3. B, Flower x 4. D, Fruit X 2. E, Seed x 6. nerves separating a little above the base ; petioles 1-1 '5 cm. 1. Racemes solitary at the apcx of branches, above usually forked, 3 dm. 1. and more, pendulous. Pedicels 2-1*5 mm. 1. Sepals 2, about 3 mm. L, chestnut- brown colour. Stamens 6-9. Disk about as long as the calyx. Fruit depressed-obovoid, brown, crowned by the style, splitting into 3 valves. Seeds many, ellipsoidal. 2. L. polydaetyla Urb. Si/mb. Ant. vi. 18 (1909); Griseb. loc. cit. under L. racemosa Hook, (so far as regards Wilson's specimen). Lunania FLACOURTIACE.E 223 Swartzl Mansfield, Bath, 1000 ft., Wilson ! Hibernia, Blue Mts., 3000 ft. ; St. George, 2400 ft. ; south-eastern foot-hills of John Crow (Blake) Mts. ; Toms Cave wood, Clarendon, 2500 ft. ; Harris \ Fl. Jam. 5298, 5747, 5801, 10,686, 10,851; between Vinegar Hill and Thomson's Gap, J. R. Perkins ! Tree, 20-30 ft. high. Leaves 4-7(-10) cm. 1., ovate or ovate-elliptical, base rounded, sometimes slightly cordate and suboblique, somewhat abruptly acuminate, tip obtuse, sometimes with unequal sides, papery, the 3 strong nerves springing from the insertion of the petiole ; petioles about 1 cm. 1. Inflorescence terminal and lateral ; branches racemose- spike-like, erect or spreading, slender, the terminal 4-5 branches clustered umbel-like. Pedicels '5-1 mm. 1. Sepals 2 or 3, about l-5 mm. 1., 2 mm. br. Stamens 5-7 ; filaments 1 mm. 1. Disk about 1 mm. 1. Style almost none, undivided ; stigmas 3, sessile. Fruit sphasroid-S-cornered, to 5 mm. in diam. Seeds many, ellipsoidal or globose-ellipsoidal. 6. HOMALIUM Jacq, Shrubs or trees. Leaves ovate or lanceolate, glandular- crenate or serrate, less often entire. Flowers hermaphrodite, small, in axillary racemes (in Jamaican species). Calyx-tube united with the base of the ovary ; lobes 6-7, persistent. Petals 6-7, inserted at the throat of the calyx, alternate with calyx- segments, persistent. Disk present in the form of glands opposite the calyx-segments. Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them, or more numerous in clusters opposite the petals, alternate with the glands ; anthers small. Ovary half- superior, 1 -celled ; styles 2-6, thread-like ; ovules many or few, attached to 2-6 placentas on the ovary-walls. Capsule half- superior, leathery, 2-6 valves at the apex, with few seeds. Seeds angular or oblong, coat hard and brittle, endosperm fleshy ; cotyledons leafy. Species about 80, natives of tropical America (iiicl. W. Indies), Africa, Asia, north Australia, Fiji islands. Leaves crenate or crenate-serrate. Petals 3 '5-5 mm. 1. 1. H. raeemosum. Leaves subentire or obscurely crenate or crenate- serrate. Petals 2 • 5-3 *S mm. 1 2. H. integri folium. 1. H. raeemosum Jacq. Sel. Stir p. Amer. 170, t. 183, /. 72 (1763); Sw. Prodi: 86 & Fl. Lid. Occ. 989, /. 17: Bot. Mag. t. 519; Macf. Jam. /. 218; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 298; Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 36. H. raeemosum Jacq. subsp. barbellatum Blake in Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. xx. 229 (1919). Bradleia, A. Robinson Ic. ined. (Fur. 89.) In ti. July, Aug. ; in fr. Sept. ; Port Royal Mts., Macfadyen ; Great Valley, Manchester, P untie I March \ J.P. 697, Jen-man I Mavis Bank, Fawcettl Sheldon road; Content road, 3000ft.; Old England, Blue Mts., 3500 ft. ; Hope River valley ; Harris I Fl. Jam. 5563, 6108, 6465, 8156, 9981. — Cuba, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, Antigua, Guadeloupe, Martinique. Shrub 9 ft., or tree 15-40 ft. high; younger branches with whitish lenticels. Leaves 5-13 cm. 1., broadly to narrowly elliptical, apex pointed !l;4 FLORA OK JAMAICA Homalui in to very shortly acuminate, crenate or crcnate-serrate, glabrous but often bearded in axils of nerves beneath. Racemes simple or paniculate; peduncles 2-4 cm. 1., glabrous; rhachis 2-8 cm. 1. Calyx: segments. Fig. S9. — Hfimaltnni racemosum Oacq. A, Twig with leaves and flowers x -;. C, Ovary cut across X 6. B, Flower with sepals, petals, and L>, Fruit cut down, showing seed, which et-anipiis nrpssp.fl down ill front, V 3. has filled thp, rn.vit,v. V 'A. stamens pressed down in front X 3. has filled the cavity, x 2. usually lanceolate, 2* 8-3* 5 mm. 1. Petals 3 '5-5 mm. 1. Stamens in clusters of 3 or 4. Styles 3, distinct. Ovary conical, densely villose ; placentas 3 ; ovules 3 on each placenta. Capsule with 1 or 2 seeds. 2. H. integrifolium Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xxxvii. 354 (1910); Blake loc. rlt. White Logwood. In fl. in March; S.E. end of John Crow (Blake) Alts., Harris & Britton ! Tree, 50 ft. high ; younger branches with whitish lenticels. Leaves 7-14*5 cm. 1., elliptical, oblong-elliptical, or ovate-elliptical, apex acuminate or acute, obscurely crenate or crenate-serrate or subentire, glabrous on Homalium FLACOUETIACE.E 225 both sides but sometimes bearded in the axils of nerves beneath. Racemes simple, puberulous ; peduncles 1-3-2-5 cm. 1. ; rhachis 3-7 cm. 1. Calyx : segments usually lanceolate, 1-5-3 mm. 1. Petals 2 -5-3 '8 mm. 1., ovate or oval-ovate. Stamens in clusters of 3, shorter than the petals. Styles 3, distinct. Ovary depressed-conical, villose. Should perhaps be included under H. racemosum. 7. XYLOSMA Forst. Shrubs or trees, often with axillary spines. Leaves toothed or less often entire, shortly stalked ; stipules wanting. Flowers clustered in the axils or sometimes shortly racemose, dioecious, B A, Portion of branch with leaves and flowers x -3. B, Male flower with part of the calyx cut off to show the disk x 7. Fig. 90. — Xylo.-ina nUidum A. Gr. C, Female flower with sepals turned down to show the disk x 7. D, l)itto cut lengthwise X 7. E, Fruit X -2. F, Seed X 2. rarely polygamous. Sepals 4-5, scale-like, generally ciliate, overlapping. Petals wanting. Stamens indefinite, free, often surrounded by a glandular disk ; anthers versatile, short. Ovary surrounded by a disk ; placentas 2, sometimes 3-6, with 2 or few ovules on each ; style entire or more or less divided, with dilated stigmas, or, occasionally the stigma subsessile, flattened V. Q L;l!G KI.nKA 01' JAMAICA and lobed. Berry 1-celled, small, with 2-8 seeds. S.-ods obovoid ; coat smooth, hard and brittle; cotyledons broad. Sprcics, about 65, most in tropical and subtropical regions of the whole world. Leaves 5-11 cm. 1., ovate to elliptical, acuminate 1. A", nitidum. Leaves 3-6 cm. 1., elliptical, apex obtuse or acute 2. X. Fawccttii. Leaves 2-3'5 cm. 1., obovate, apex rounded 3. A", schafferioides. 1. X. nitidum A. Gr. ex Griseb. FL Br. W. Lid 21 (1859) (excl. several syn.) ; leaves 5-11 cm. 1., ovate to elliptical or ovate-lanceolate, shortly and obtusely acuminate ; petioles 5-6 mm. 1. ; pedicels 2-4 mm. 1. ; sepals of male fis. nearly 3 mm. 1., erect. — Hisingera nitida HeUenius in K. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. xiii. 35, t. 2 (1792). Myroxylon nitidum Kuutze Rev. i. 44 (1891); Urb. in EnyL Bat. Julirb. xv. 299. (Fig. 90.) Manchester, Purdie\ Kings House, J.P. 1078; Cinchona, 5COO ft., J.P. 1128, 1182; Jobn Crow Peak, Blue Mts., J.P. 1479; Hartl Green Valley, Blue Mts., J.P. 2U86, Morris ! St. George ; near Portland Gap, 5400-5550 ft. ; between Clydesdale and Cinchona, 4500 ft. ; below Green- wich Hill, 3500 ft. ; Harris \ FL Jam. 5412, 5543, 5568, 5668, 6143, 10,034, 10,138. Shrub or tree to 20 ft. high; lower part of trunk often spiny. Leaves : base rounded, obtuse, or acute, serrate-crenate to the base, nerves on both sides prominent. Flowers fragrant, dioecious, in 1 or 2 umbel-like clusters in axils. Sepals light green or greenish-yellow, with hairs on inside, margin more or less ciliate. Disk consisting of 6, 8, or 12 scales, free or more or less united. Male flowers : Sepals roundish. Stamens 15-25, yellowish-green ; filaments 3-4 mm. 1. Female flowers : Sepals ovate, about 2 mm. 1., persistent. Stamens sometimes 1-4, with anthers sterile. Styles 2, continuous with ovary, united on inner face, each with 2 roundish hollow stigmas. Ovary with 2 placentas ; ovules 4-8. Berry globose, 5-6 mm. in diam. 2. X. Faweettii Urb. Symb. Ant. v. 440 (1908); leaves 3-6 cm. 1., elliptical to ovate or obovate, apex obtuse or acute, some- times rounded; petioles 3-4 mm. 1. ; pedicels of male fls. 5-8 mm. 1.; sepals of male fls. 1*5-2 mm. 1., spreading horizontally or recurved. Moneague, Prior ! Stanmore Hill, 2200 ft. ; Glasgow, near Troy, 2000 ft. ; Soho, St. Ann, 1400 ft. ; Peckham, Clarendon, 2500 ft. ; Harris ! FL Jam. 9776, 10,672, 11,987, 12,792. Shrub 9 ft. or tree 15-40 ft. high. Leaves : base wedge-shaped, crenate- toothed from above the base, nerves and veins on both sides slightly prominent. Flowers dioecious (male only seen), in clusters of 3-9. Sepals 5 or, by union of two, 4, roundish-ovate, shortly acuminate, greenish- yellow, fragrant. Glands of disk usually united into a crenate ring, •5 mm. 1. Stamens 10-17 ; filaments 3-4 mm. 1. 3. X. sehsefferioides A. Gr. in Griseb. PL Wright, in Mem. Acad. Amer. n. ser. viii. 155 (1860); leaves 2-3 '5 cm. 1., obovate or oblanceolate, apex rounded or very obtuse ; petioles 2-3 mm. 1. Xylosma FLA.COUHTIACE.ffi 227 -Uib. Si/mb. Ant. viii. 444. Myroxylon schsefferioides Kr. d: Urb. in Engl Bot. JaJtrb. xv. 300 (1892). White Logwood. March ! Corby, Santa Cruz Mts., 1500 ft. ; Harris I PL Jam. 9746.- Cuba, Hispaniola, Tree to 20 ft. high. Leaves wedge-shaped at base, entire or sparingly crenulate above, nerves ascending, on both sides prominulous or sometimes only beneath. Flowers dioecious, in umbel-like clusters in axils. Pedicels 4-7 mm. 1. Sepals yellow, erect or spreading, about 1 mm. 1., roundish or ovate. Disk fleshy, ring-like, margin wavy. Male flowers : Stamens 2-2' 5 mm. 1., 10-16. Female flowers : Style one, very short, stigma broad with crenulate margin. Fruit globose, 5 mm. 1., scarlet. FAMILY LXXVII. TURNERACE^E. i Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees, glabrous or pubescent, hairs usually simple, not stinging. Leaves alternate, simple or pin- nately divided, usually acutely serrate, often 2-glandular at the base. Stipules small or wanting. Flowers regular, herm- aphrodite, axillary, solitary or few, sessile or stalked, sometimes racemose ; peduncles free or united with the petiole, often jointed and 2-bracteolate. Sepals 5, united below into a tube (receptacle), soon dropping off, imbricate. Petals 5, perigynous, clawed, mem- branous, twisted iri bud, soon dropping off. Stamens 5, inserted at the base or middle or throat of the calyx-tube (receptacle), very rarely hypogynous ; filaments free. Anthers oblong, opening inwards. Ovary free, ovoid or elongated, 1 -celled. Styles 3, terminal, thread-like, simple (Turnera) or more or less divided (Piriqueta) ; stigmas brush-like, with an indefinite number of branches, or rarely simply fan-like. Ovules indefinite, attached to 3 placentas on the ovary- walls in 2 series opposite the styles, ascending, anatropous. Capsule 1 -celled, 3-valved at the apex or through the whole length, valves with the placentas in the middle, with indefinite seeds. Seeds oblong-cylindrical, slightly curved ; aril membranous ; coat somewhat hard and brittle, pitted ; endosperm copious. Embryo large, axile, straight or bent ; cotyledons plano-convex. Species about 150, mostly American, a few African, one widely dispersed throughout Asia but certainly not indigenous. Styles simple 1. Turnera. Styles^divided 2. Piriqueta. i. TURNERA L. Herbs, shrubs, or undershrubs, glabrous, pubescent, or tornen- tose. Leaves serrate, or somewhat pinnately divided, or entire, often 2-glandular at the base. Stipules small or wanting. Flowers solitary, perigynous, yellow ; peduncle usually united to Q 2 228 FLORA OF JAMAICA the petiole, with '1 bracteol* Receptacle-tube short. Sepals oblong, linear, or lanceolate. JVtnls obovate nnnidi-h or spathu late. Stamens inserted below the petals, sometimes hvpogvnoiis. Ovary sessile. Styles simple, with stigma brush-like or fun-like. Capsule in .lair.aican specie- ovoid-ellipsoidal and minutely tuber culate. Seeds in Jamaican species obovoid-oblong ; aril unilateral. Species about 100, natives chiefly of tropical S. America but extending to Mexico and the West Indies, and even to Mada- gascar; one species has been introduced into the E. Indies. Leaves large, 4-15 cm. 1., with 2 glands at base. Shrub... 1. T. ulmifulm. Leaves small, '5-4 cm. ]., usually without glands. Annual. Flowers in a terminal leafy head. Leaves 1-4 cm. 1 ................................. " ...................... 2. T. Pumilca. Shrub. Flowers more or less solitary. Leaves '5-l'5 cm. 1 .............................................................. 3. T. diffusa. 1. T. ulmifolia L. % PL 271 (1753), Sort. Cliff, t. 10, & Amoen. v. 377 ; shrubby herb or shrub, 1-4 ft. high ; leaves larger n *— ' *>.» ••,, Fig. Sl.—Turnera ulmifolia L. A, Portion of branch with flower and C, Ovary cut across X 6. fruit X -jj. I), Seed with aiil X 10. B, Mower cut lengthwise, petals cut, x 2. E, Seed cut lengthwise X 10. Turnera TLJKNERACE^ 229 7-15 cm. 1., with 2 glands at base; calyx 2-2*5 cm. 1. — Mill. Diet. ed. 8 & Ic. 179, t. 268; Wright Mem. 261; Descourt. Fl. Ant. iv. 322, t. 302 ; Macf. Jam. ii. 163; Bot. Mag. t. 4137; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 296 ; Urb. in Jahrb. Bot, Gart. Bed. ii. 138 it in Fl. Bras. xiii. pt. 3, 158, t. 48; Small Fl. S.E. U.S. 135-2 ; JBn'tf. FL Berm. 247 ; JBntt. & Millsp. Bah. FL 282. T. frutescens ulmifolia Plum. Gen. 15, t. 12; Jfart. (7en/. Z. 49. T. e petiolo florens &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 189. T. angustifolia Mill. op. cit. (1768); Bot, Mag. t. 281. T. ulmifolia L. var. angustifolia Willd. Sp. PL i. 1503 (1797); Urb. Symb. Ant, iv. 424, viii. 450 & in FL Bras. torn, cit, 161. T. acuta Spreng. Syst. i. 940 (1825) ; Macf. Jam. ii. 164 (1850). T. triglandulosa Millsp. in Field Columb. Mus. Bot. ii. 77 (1900). Cistus urticse folio &c. Sloane Cat. 86 & Hist. i. 202, t. 127, /. 45. (Fig. 91.) Specimen in Herb. Linn, named by Linnseus. Sloane Herb. iv. 4 ! Wright ! SJiakcspear ! Masson ! Bertero ; St. Andrew, McNab 1 Lane Distin \ Prior ! Liguanea plain, J.P. 961, 1331, Morris ! Constant Spring ; Port Morant ; Hitchcock ; Lucea, Rothrock ; Bog Walk, Fawcettl Annotto Bay; Prospect Hill, 2000 ft.; Tliompson\ Southfield, 1500 ft. ; road between Montego Bay and Lucea ; Peckham, Clarendon, Harris \ Fl. Jam. 6485. 7073, 7923, 7950, 9236, 11,029.— Bermuda, Bahamas, West Indies as far east and south as St. Eustatius, Central America south to Guiana, Margarita, Curacao, introduced in tropics of Old World. Younger stem and branches usually with adpressed hairs. Leaves 2-5 cm. br. (sometimes barely exceeding 1 cm.), sometimes ovate or ovate- lanceolate, usually (in Jamaica) lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, coarsely and often irregularly serrate, usually soft to the touch on both sides with adpressed hairs, dense beneath, but in the broad-leaved form glabrate ; petiole 1-2 cm. 1. Flowers not forming a head ; peduncle united to the petiole. Bracteoles generally leaf-like, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate- linear, 1-3 cm. 1. Calyx-tube about 1 cm. 1. Petals (in Jamaican forms) bright yellow, overtopping the calyx by one-half its length. Filaments united by their margins to the base of the calyx-tube. Capsule 3-valved above, 7-9 mm. in diam. Seeds obovoid-oblong, slightly curved, surface reticulate-striate, about 2-5 mm. L, about 1 mm. br. at broader end. 2. T. Pumilea L. Amcen. v. 395, 377 (1760); herb, annual, not more than 6 inches high; leaves 1—4 cm. 1., generally with- out glands ; flowers sessile in a terminal leafy head ; calyx 6—7 mm. l.—Sw. O'js. 116; Macf. Jam. ii. 164; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 297 ; Uib. in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berl. ii. 114 & in Fl. Bras. .nil. pt. 3, 135. Chamsecistus urticre folio &c. Sloane Cat. 87 & Hist. i. 202, t. 127, f. 6. Pumilea minima &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 188. Specimen in Herb. Linn, named in Solander's hand. Specimen from Swartz in Herb. Mus. Brit. Amongst grass in savannas ; Sloane Herb. iv. 5 ! Swartz ! Two Mile Wood, St. Catherine, Harris \ Fl. Jam. 12,066. — Cuba, Isle of Pines, tropical continental America. Villose with white woolly hairs. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, coarsely serrate ; petioles short or very >-hort ; stipules wanting. Bracteoles linear-awl-shaped, entire, 4-8 mm. 1. Calyx : tube half its length. Petals 230 FLORA OK JAMAICA Tuni- 4-4-5 mm. ]., slightly overtopping the calyx, yellow. Capsule 3-valv< d, 3-6 mm. 1. about 2 mm. 1., obovoid-oblong, curved, rcticulate- pitted. 3. T. diffusa \VilM. ex Sennit. Si/st. m. 679 (1820); shrubi to 3 ft. high, much branched ; leaves 6-15 mm. 1., without glands ; il<»\\ cis more or less solitary, towards the ends of branches, peduncle very short, free, or wanting ; calyx 5-7 mm. 1. — Urb. in Jalirb. Boi. Gart. BcrL ii. 125, in FL I?r«,«. am. ;,/. 3, 146, t. 44, & Si ml. Ant. ir. 423 & viii. 449. T. microphylla Desv. in Hamilt. Prodr. 33 (1825). Bohadsehia humifusa Pred Reliq. Naenl: i>. 98, /. 68 (1836). Triads microphylla Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 297 (1860). Long Mt., south side, £00 ft. ; Yardley Chase, 1600 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 9606, 9608, 9679.— Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Mona, Porto Pdco, Vieques, St. Thomas, St. Cruz, St. Jan, peninsula of California, Mexico, Brazil. Young shoots densely puberulous. Leaves obovate to oblanceolatc, coarsely toothed or crenate, usually densely puberulous on both sides, especially beneath; petioles very short; stipules minute. Bractcoles oblong-linear to linear-awl-shaped, 2-4 mm. 1. Calyx : tube half its length. Petals overtopping the calyx by one-third its length or less, bright orange- yellow. Capsule 3-4 mm. 1., 3-valved. Seeds curved, l'5-2'3 mm. 1., reticulate-striate. 2. PIRIQUETA Aubl. Herbs (in the Jamaican species), shrubs or trees, much like Turnera, but usually with stellate hairs and bristly hairs. Leaves of various form, in Jamaica oblong to linear-lanceolate, remotely serrate or serrate-repancl, and without stipules. Flowers axillary, usually solitary ; peduncles free, without bracteoles in Jamaican species. Calyx with a narrow membranous fringed corona con- tinuous round the tube at the base of the petals. Styles more c.r less divided at the apex, in P. cistoides divided to about the middle. Capsule in the Jamaican species opening from the apex nearly to the base, smooth. Species about 30, mostly natives of Brazil, but also occurring in West Indies, tropical continental America extending to the southern United States, South Africa, and Madagascar. P. Cistoides Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 298 ; Urb. in JaJtrb. Bot. Gart. Berl. ii. 73, in Fl. Bias, xiii.pt. 3, 104, /. 35, /. 1, & Symb. Ant. iv. 422 & viii. 449. T. cistoides L. Sp. PL ed. 2, 387 (1762) ; Sw. Obs. 117. Chamsecistus caule hii>uto &c. Sloane Cat. 87 & Hist. i. 202, t. 127, /. 7. Turnera hispida &c. Plvm. PL Amer. (Burin.} 141, t. 150. Pumilea1? subhirsuta &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 189. (Fig. 92.) Specimen in Herb. Linn, named by Linnaeus. Sloane Herb. iv. 6 ! cane fields, St. Thomas in East, Brougliton \ Shake- spear I Masson\ St. Andrew; St. Mary; McNabl Liguanea plain, 600 ft., Campbell\ Moneague, Lady Blake I Prospect Hill, 2000 ft., Tlwmpsonl Piriqueta TURNERACE.E 231 Liguanea plain, 800-1000 ft., Harris I Fl. Jam. 6230, 7961, 8273, 8940, 10,831.— West Indies, tropical continental America. Annual, 1-2 ft. high, variable, usually with reddish stellate and simple hairs. Leaves 3-8 cm. 1., oblong to linear-lanceolate, without glands, A Fig. 92. — Piriqueta cistoides Meyer. A, Portion of branch with flowers and C, Ditto showing ovary cut lengthwise fruit X ». X 8. B, flower cut lengthwise X 4. D, Seed cut lengthwise, with aril, X 10. remotely serrate or serrate-repand. Calyx 4-9 mm. 1. ; tube half or nearly half as long. Petals 6-9 mm. 1., usually more or less overtopping the calyx, yellow. Styles divided to about the middle. Capsule smooth, 4-7 mm. 1. Seeds 1'4-1'S mm. 1., obovoid, reticulate-striate. FAMILY LXXVIII. PASSIFLORACE^. Herbs, shrubs, erect or climbing by tendrils, or rarely trees. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, or lobecl, very rarely compound ; petiole usually glandular. Stipules 2, thread-like, or large, ovate. Peduncles usually jointed. Bract and bracteoles 3, small, distant from flower, or large, foliaceous, close to the flower, forming an " involucre." Tendrils axillary, unbranched. Flowers axillary, hermaphrodite or rarely unisexual, regular, solitary, cymose- racemose or -paniculate. Calyx-tube (receptacle) somewhat flat, '2:\'J. ri.m.'A <>r JAMAICA J'nxxi flora , saucer like, or l.r'l -liapcd, giving rise in the centre to a gonophore. Sepals 5, rising from the throat of the n-rep ta.de, overlapping with often a small "horn" on the back near the apex, usually • -..loured '»n the inside. Petals cither wanting or as many as the M pals and alternate with them, rising from the throat of the receptacle, free, overlapping, withering while still attached. Corona rising from the throat or walls of the receptacle, of one <>r several series, cut into radiating or erect filaments or mem- branous, rarely wanting. Stamens in West Indian species 5 (S). < )varv superior, free, stalked, 1 -celled. Style simple with 3 or 4 branches or usually 3 (5) styles. Ovules pendulous, usually indefinite, attached to 3 or 5 placentas on the ovary-walls. Fruit more or less berry-like, or sometimes capsular opening by 3 valves at apex. Seeds numerous, usually ovoid, compressed, covered with a fleshy aril or pulp ; endosperm fleshy. Embryo rather large ; cotyledons often foliaceous ; radicle straight. Species about 340, all tropical or subtropical, the greatest number in S. America. PASSIFLORA L. Flowers bell-shaped, funnel-shaped, or saucer-like. Calyx- tube (receptacle) generally shorter than the rest of the flower. Corona of one or usually of several series, the highest of one or more series at the throat of the receptacle of coloured filaments or membranous ; the median usually of one series, protecting the nectary at the base of the gonophore, generally membranous, bent inwards or more or less erect ; the basilar of 1 or 2 series, usually ring-like ; (see Fig. 93, B). Style one, very short, or, more often, styles 3, distinct from the base. Fruit a berry, ellipsoidal or globose, dry or pulpy, sometimes opening by valves at apex. Seeds with hard pitted coat. Species over 300, most of them American, a few Asiatic and Australian. Involucre of 3 large segments (bract and bracteoles) below the flower. Segments leafy. Petioles glandular. Segments not united. Lsaves deeply 3-lobed, serrate .................. P. edulis. Leaves entire. Petioles with 2 or 3 pairs of glands ......... P. quadrangularis. Petioles with 1 pair of glands ................. P. laurifolia. Segments united above the base, and longer than flower. Leaves entire ................... 1. P. maliformis. * An elongation of the axis above the petals from which spring both stamens and pistil. Pussiflora PASSIFLORACExE 233 Segments pinnately cut into glandular filaments. Leaves 3-lobed, minutely toothed, often entire ; petioles without glands. Plant villose or velvety 2. P. fcetida. Plant glabrous 3. P. ciliata. Involucre wanting. Bract and bracteoles small or wanting, usually at the joint of the peduncle. Petioles with 2 glands. Petals wanting. Leaves without glands. Calyx yellowish-green. Leaves entire or more or less 3-lobed, median lobe longest ; petiolar glands sessile 4. P. suberosa. Calyx scarlet. Petiolar glands stalked. Leaves entire or with indistinct basal lobes 5. P. lancifolia. Leaves 3-lobed with basal lobes half as long as median lobe 6. P.rcgalis. Petioles without glands. Petals present. Receptacle (calyx-tube) somewhat flat. Flowers greenish-white. Peduncles, each with one flower. Leaves without glands beneath, cordate, with 2 triangular lobes 7. P. rubra. Leaves with glands beneath, with 3 small erect lobes, or apex subtruncate 8. P. penduli flora. Peduncles, each with 3, or more, smaller flowers. Leaves 3-lobed. Leaves without glands beneath 9. P. sex flora. Leaves with glands beneath ... 10. P. triflora. Receptacle cup-shaped. Flowers reddish. Leaves with glands. Corona at the throat filamentose. Leaves broader than long. Leaves: base cordate, lateral lobes spreading horizon tally, usually clasp- ing the stem with their rounded auricles 11. P. perfoliata. Leaves : base broadly rounded or cordate, slightly 3-lobed or subtruncate 12. P. tacsonioides. Leaves longer than broad, base obtuse or rounded, with 2 or 3 short erect lobes, sometimes 2-lobed, with the lobes long, lanceolate 13. P. oblongata. Corona at the throat tubular 14. P. Muntcuja. P. edulis Sims Bot. ll«, /. li'l (T. ri^idula) ; J^N/. /// F/. Bra*, stii. ///. 1, GOD ; Britt. /•'/. 7J< rm. _ 1'. in< nata. j' V>'M/. Vi'r. /. IT,:!. D Fig. 93.—Passijlora edulis Sirns. A, Portion of branch with leaves and C, Seed x 3. flowers x |. D, Ditto cut lengthwise X 3. B, Flower cut lengthwise, uat. size. Mountain Sweet Cup. J.P. 1031, Hart\ Newhaven Gap, 5GOO ft., Fawcettl also Harrisl FL Jam. 11,953; Blue Mt. Peak, Hitchcock; Morse's Gap, G. E. Nichols !— Cultivated or spontaneous in many warm pacts of the world, supposed to be a native of Brazil. A high climber. Leaves 6-16 cm. 1. Floicers 4-6 cm. or more in diam. Sepals green outside, white inside, with a "horn" near the apex. Petals white, smaller than the sepals. Corona : at the throat of the receptacle, of several series, thread-like, the outermost threads flattened, spreading, shorter than or as long as the petals, whitish, purple at base, — inside these threads there are very short threads ; the median corona rising from the middle of the receptacle is membranous, divided above into short threads ; basilar corona membranous. Fruit about the size of a hen's egg ; the pulp is scanty. Pass/flora PASSIFLOIIACE.K 235 P. quadrangularis L. Syst. cd. 10, 1248 (1759) & Ama>n. v. 382 ; branches t-angled, the angles more or less winged; leaves entire, 1 -nerved from base, ovate to suborbicular, apex abruptly acuminate, base cordate, subcordate or sometimes rounded ; petioles with 6 glands ; stipules ovate to ovate-lanceolate ; seg- ments of involucre leafy, not united, much shorter than the calyx, each broadly ovate, entire or serrulate ; fruit edible, ellipsoidal, yellowish-green, pericarp fleshy, thick. — Jacq. Scl. Stirp. Amer. 231, t. 143 it ed.pict. t. 218 ; Cav. Diss. x. 453, t. 283; Sio. Obs. 332 ; Soiuerly Trans. Linn. Soc. ii. 21, t. 3 f. a. ; Tuxsac FL Ant. iv. 29, it. 10,' 11; Wright Mem. 283; Macf. Jam. ii. 158; Grind, op. cit. 293 ; Mast. torn. cit. 595 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 428 SV /'/•/>. Amer. er JAMAICA Paitiflar* 7//.S-/. Jam. 327. P. arborea Ac. 7V///,-. /. 211. ./'. 3. indira tVu«tu ritriforihi &c. /'///>//. Descr. HI, /. sn A- /-•. <>/•;./. 10, L'-'.'. Sjxviiiicns from ,Jar<[iiiii and IMukciict in Jh-rK Mus. Brit. IVmmc cVOr, Golden A p p 1 c, \V a t <• r Lemon. Imiim'iU'iis and cultivated in \\Vst Indies, Cmiana, I'.ra/.il. G-14 cm. 1. ; stipules G-9 mm. 1. i wera G-10 cm. in diam.. pink or white, with red blotches and crown violet with white iks. tirp.ilx horned below the apex. I'ftal* shorter and narrower •i the sepals. Corona: at the throat, of thread-like divisions in many .-s, the outer shorter than the petals, strap-shaped, serrulate at apex; the iilaments that come next are as long as the petals, like the outer but entire at the apex; then follow very numerous short tooth-like filaments; the median membranous, turned inwards. Fruit to 7 or 8 cm. 1., the size of a large hen's egg. 1. P. maliformis L. Sp. PL 956 (1753) & Amoen. v. 382 : branches terete ; leaves entire, 3-nerved from base or from just above base, sometimes 3-lobed, glabrous, ovate- or oblong- elliptical, apex acute, sometimes shortly awned, base rounded to subcordate ; petioles with 2 (4 or 6) glands ; stipules narrowly lanceolate ; segments of involucre entire, united above the base, ovate, half as long again or twice as long as the flower ; receptacle short, bell-shaped ; fruit globose, yellowish-green, with a hard shell.— JiV/V/*/ Ifrm. 228; not. Beg. t, 94; Macf. Jam. ii. 156; Griseb. op. 'clt. 293: Mast. tum. eft. 594; Urb. Syrnb. Ant. iv. 427 A- vi!i. 455 ; Britt. FL Benn. 253. P. foliis cordatis etc. Browne Jlist. Jam. 328. Clematitis inclica latifolia etc. Plum. Descr. 67, /. 82. Sweet Cup, Water Lemon. Wright \ Brougliton\ Waters \ Moneague, Priori Hope Gardens; near Balaclava, 1200 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 9430. — Indigenous or cultivated in Vv'est Indies, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil. Leaves 10-16 cm. 1., 5-8 cm. br. ; stipules shorter than the petiole. Peduncles longer than the petioles. Flowers 5-G cm. in diarn. Sepals subkeeled on back, with a bristle-like "horn" near apex, greenish with red spots. Petals shorter and narrower than sepals, greenish-white with red spots. Corona : at the throat, of two series, filarnentose, the threads thick, fleshy, reddish-violet ribbed with white, the outer threads shorter and reflexed, the inner about as long as the sepals, erect ; then come very numerous and very short tubercle-like threads in the tube. Fruit size of a small apple. P. ligularis Juss. in Ann. Mus. Par. vi. 113, t. 40 (1805) is a native of tropical America and is cultivated in Jamaica under the name " Grana- ditta." It differs from P. maliformis L. in the stalks of the leaves having six long strap-shaped glands, the leaves being broader and deeply cordate, and the stipules broad and large (2-5-3 cm. 1.) ; the fruit is about the size of an orange and contains an agreeable pulp. (Bot. Mag. t. 2967 ; Harris in Bull. Dept. Agric. Jam. n.s. ii. 166.) 2. P. foetida L. £j;. PL 959 (1753); villose ; leaves generally more or less 3-lobed and cordate, rarely lanceolate with very Passiftora PASSIFLOKACl-LE 237 small lateral lobes near base, lobes minutely toothed or more or less entire, ciliate with hairs and glands ; petioles without glands : stipules deeply cut, divisions thread-like with gland at apex ; segments of involucre 3-pinnatisect, divisions long thread-like, ultimate ending in a gland ; receptacle flattish ; berry yellow. - Cay. Dm. x. 458, t. 289 ; Descourt. FL Ant. v. 269, /. 375 ; Macf. Jam. ii. 159: Griseb. op. cit. 294; Mast, torn. cit. 582; Small FL S.E. [7.5. 809 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 425 & vi!L 452 ; Britt. & Miihp. Bali. FL 287. P. vesicaria Ac. PluL Phjt. t. 104, /. 1 ; Browne Hi*t. Jam. 327. P. vesicaria L. Antcen. v. 382 (1760). P. ciliata Jacq. Eclog. L 122 (184-4) (non Ait.}1 Flos passion is folio ... fcetido Sloane Cat. 104 & Hist. i. 229. Specimen in Herb. Linn, named by Linmeus. Love i n a mist. Houstounl BrongJitonl Macfadycnl Kingston, Purdiel Lane I Priori March I near Annotto Bay, 100 ft., Thompson I Bethlehem, St. Elizabeth, T. J. Harris I Mt. Diablo ; Savoy, Clarendon ; Harris I Green Valley, Blue Mts., Bot. Dcpt.l Fl. Jam. 7924, 8283, 8520, 12,324; Bog Walk; Porus ; Hitchcock; near Bulstrode, Mrs. E. G. Britton, 2879! — Bahamas, West Indies, tropics and subtropics of continental America, tropical Africa, S.E. Asia. Annual or rarely perennial. Leaves 3-12 cm. 1. Segments of involucre a little longer than the sepals. Flowers white with the corona rosy. Sepals 2 • 5 cm. L, or shorter, greenish outside, oblong. Petals of the same form and size as the sepals. Corona : at the throat, filamentose in several series, the outer threads slender, white, a little shorter than the petals, the inner much shorter, curved ; the median ring-like. Fruit the size of a walnut. This species has been used in agriculture as a cover crop (Agric. News xvii. 92, 1918). The plant has a disagreeable smell, but the ripe fruit has a pleasant smell and an agreeable sweet-acid pulp. Var. gossypifolia ; stem, petioles and leaves velvety and soft to the touch ; involucre generally shorter than the llowers.- P. gossypifolia Desv. in Ham. Prodr. FL Ind. Occ. 48 (1825) ; Sot. Eeg. t. 1634 ; Bot. Mag. L 2619 (P.fuetida L.). Clematitis indica hirsuta foetida Plum. iJescr. 71, t. 86 ife Ic. orig. ined. iv. t. 232. Sloane Herb. iv. 79 ! Waters \ Kings House Grounds, J.P. 1290, Hart !- Cuba, tropical and subtropical continental America. 3. P. eiliata Alt. Hort. Kcw. Hi. 310 (1789); like P. foetida but differing in the following characters : glabrous ; leaves, middle lobe long and narrow, margin more or less denticulate and glandular-ciliate ; segments of involucre 2-piiinatisect ; flowers light purplish ; fruit bright red. — Bot. Na. /V. (.»:>s (1753) ,v Amaen r. ;;,S2 ; annual or perennial : older cortex u^ii.diy <--"rky, whitish ; l<-av<-s varving much in form and si/«- rvni on the same plant, usually inoi-c or less .'J-lobed with the median lobe the longest, sometimes entire, glabrous to hirsute, without glands beneath, aetimes subpeltate ; petiole with - glands; peduncles solitary or twin, equalling the petioles; receptacle saucer shaped : calyx greenish-yellow; petals wanting; fruit ovoid or subglobose, blue or purple. — Jacq. Hort. Vin]>. 77, t. 163 ; Cav. Diss. x. 412, t. 2 1.»-~> : Nacf. Jam. ii. 152 ; Griseb. op. cit. 21)0 ; Mast. torn. cit. 578 ; Url. Sipnl. Ant. ir. 424 & viii. 451; Small Fl. S.E. U.S. 809; r.ritt. /•'/. Berm. 251. P. lutea L. Sp. PI. 958 (1753) (only as regards syn. Sloan, & hab. Jamaica). P. pallida L. Sp. PL 9 •'».'> (1753); Descourt. FL Ant. vii. 33, L 460; Bet. Be]>. cit. 292; Mast. turn. clt. 5S. 126 & «///. 403; Britt. ;> : (lri*tl>. nj>. ,-it. 2!>~> : Mn*t. //7. P. foliis trilobis, cruribus oblongis obtusis interim-din I'm- nbsoletn et set u In, terminato Browne IH*f. J28. P. divarieata L. Mtnit. 491 (1771). Klos passionis perfoliatus &c. Sloanr (Jot. 104 ^ ///*/. I. 230, /. 142, /. 3, 4. Specimen from I'.rowne in Herb. Linn, named by Linnaeus, and identified with J5r. Hist. 328, no. 10. Sloane Herb. iv. 82 ! Honnfoinil .Hrowncl Writ/Jit I Broughtonl Waters ! Macfadijcn ! near Cocoa Walk, St. David ; near Carlton, St. Mary ; .\fcNabl Port Royal Mts., l'unlic\ Blue Mts. ; Liguanea hills; Hope Estate; Prior! near Gordon Town, Ball I Liguanea plain, J.P. 1311; Mavis Bank, J.P. 2128; Hart I Mavis Bank, Fawccttl Rock Fort, Catnj>- bell\ Windward road, near Kingston; between Malvern and Mountain Side, 1200 ft. ; Harris] Fl. Jam. 6291, 9516, 9918; Halberstadt, Norman \ Leaves : lobes to 6 cm. 1., to 3*5 cm. br., 3-nerved. Flowers 3-4 cm. 1. Corona : at the throat, of strap-shaped fleshy threads bending inwards, the inner membranous, divided at apex. Berry 1*5-2 cm. in diam. "Var. normalis var. nov. ; leaves with oblong to linear-oblong lobes, to 8'5 cm. 1., 1 cm. br., base cordate to retuse or rounded, auricles not overlapping each other. — P. foliis trilobis cruribus angustis &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 328. P. normalis L. Syst. ed. 10, 1248 (1759); Macf. Jam. ii. 149; Urb. Sijnib. Ant. vi. 109. P. perfoliata Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. ii. 28, t. 182 (non L.). Speci- men (type) from Browne named by Linnseus, and identified with Br. Hist. 328, no. 11. Houstoun (Herb. Sloane iv. 84*) ! Brou-ncl Wright I 12. P. taesonioides Grlseb. FL Br. W. Lid. 295 (1860) ; glabrous ; stem, bark, and flower-structure of P. oblongata ; leaves broader than long, subtruncate or slightly 3-lobed, 3-mucronulate, base broadly rounded or truncate, with glands beneath ; petioles 1 • 6—1 • 2 cm. L, without glands ; peduncles jointed about the middle, twin or solitary, twice as long as the petiole. Huntley, Manchester, Wullsclilaegel. Leaves 4-2 '5 cm. 1. along the midrib, 5-7*5 cm. br. Peduncles 2*5-3 cm. 1. Sepals 2*5-3 cm. 1. Petals 1*6 cm. 1. We have seen no specimens. 13. P. oblongata Sw. Prodr. 97 (1788) & Fl. Ltd. Ore. 1135; glabrous ; stem shrubby, cortex of older stems corky with longi- tudinal furrows ; leaves 3-nerved, longer than broad, oblong to elliptical, with 2 or 3 short erect lobes at apex, lobes acute, rnucronulate, base rounded or obtuse, with glands beneath, leathery, lateral lobes sometimes long and acuminate (P. lyraefolia Tussac), the leaves on the flowering branches much reduced in size ; petioles 2 cm. 1. and more, without glands ; stipules rigid, linear-awl-shaped ; flowering branch axillary, sometimes growing from old wood, like a leafy raceme, with numerous flowers, some- Passiflora PASSIFLORACE.-E 243 times crowded ; peduncles 2 in each axil, 1* 7-2*1 cm. 1., jointed below the middle ; flowers long, bell-shaped, crimson ; sepals linear-oblong ; petals linear, smaller than the sepals ; fruit globose- ellipsoidal. — Griseb. op. cit. 295 (incl. var.) ; Mast. torn. cit. 557. P. oblonga DC. Prodr. Hi. 326; Macf. Jam. it. 156. P. lyraefolia Tussac Fl Ant. i. 70, t. 4 (1808). Wriglit ! Bronghton ! Dancer ! mts. St. George, Tussac ; Bancroft ! McNab ; woods near Mandeville ; St. Ann ; Purdie \ Moneague, Prior I March; Jenmanl Cedar Valley, J.P. 1239, Morris ! Portland, iFawccttl Lacovia, Tomlinsonl St. George, 2400 it., Harris I Fl. Jam. 57^3 ; Bath, Norman ! Leaves on stems 6-18 cm. 1., those on flowering branches 1-2-5 cm. 1. Calyx-tube about 1 cm. 1. Sepals 2 -3-2 -4 cm. 1. Petals 1- 7-2 cm. 1. Corona: at the throat filamentose, threads 2-5 mm. 1.; median mem- branous, bent downwards, 5-6 mm. 1. reaching to base of gonophore. Gonophore about 2 cm. 1. in fl., about 3 cm. in fruit. Berry 1-8-3 cm. 1. 14. P. Murueuja L. Sp. PL 957 (1753) ; leaves membranous, 3(5)-nerved, 2-lobed, base obtuse or truncate, lobes oblong, diverging, glabrous, glandular beneath ; petiole short, without glands ; peduncles twin or solitary, 2 or 3 times as long as the petiole ; bracteoles thread-like ; flowers crimson ; petals shorter and narrower than the sepals ; receptacle divided at the base by 10 parallel partitions into as many cells; fruit ellipsoidal. — Cav. Diss. x. 456, t. 287 ; Sw. Obs. 336 ; Bot. Reg. t. 574 ; Descourt. Fl. Ant. i. 265, t. 62 ; Griseb. op. cit. 295 ; Mast. torn. cit. 557 ; Urb. Sifinb. Ant. mil. 454. Murucuia ocellata Pers. Syn. ii. 222 (1806)'; Tussac Fl. Ant. ii. 24, t. 7; Macf. Jam. ii. 160(excl. syn. Browne}. Clematitis Indica flore puniceo &c. Plum. Descr. 72, t. 87. Specimen in Herb. Linn, named by Linnaeus. Speci- mens from Swartz collected in Hispaniola in Herb. Mus. Brit. Tussac; Bancroft (fide Grisebach) ; rare, east end, Macfady&n. — Cuba (fide Grisebach), Hispaniola. Leaves variable in size, length of midrib 8-16 mm. L, breadth between apex of lobes 3-5 cm. Calyx-tube 4-6 mm. L, lobes 2-5-3 cm. 1. Corona : tubular, entire, nearly half as long as calyx. Gonophore exserted. Berry 1-5-2-5 cm. 1. Flos passionis major pentaphyllus Sloane Cat. 104 & Hist. i. 229 with the specimen in Herb. SI. iv. 78, is not a species of Passiflora, but is Cionosicys pomiformis Griseb. (Cucurbitacete). Passiflora foliis quinquelobis profunde divisis, lobis oblongis Broirnc Hist. Jam. 328 is identified by Browne with P. co2rulea L., and he speaks of it as a " native of the cooler woods." P. ccerulea is not a native and is not cultivated, so far as we know, in Jamaica. Browne's plant is probably also Cionosicys pomiformis. • FAMILY LXXIX. CARICACE^E (PAPAYACE^E). Trees or shrubs, erect, trunk usually unbranched, thick, spongy, with a terminal crown of leaves, with milky juice. Leaves alternate, petiolate, subpeltately palmate or digitately R 2 L'44 FLORA OF JAMAICA r>— 12-foliolate. Stipules wanting, [nflorescence axillary. Flowers while, yello\v. or green i.-h, unisexual, or a few in the inflorescence hermaphrodite. IVrianth of male and female unlike. Male flowers in a «-vmose racemose panicle : calyx very small, •">-!< >bei I. Corolla with a Ionic slender tube and a flat limb; lobes valvate or twisted in bud. Stamens 10, inserted in the corolla-tube; anther-cells opening inwards, with the connective often produced beyond the cells. Female flowers solitary, or crowded in a t'ew- floweredAcymose panicle : calyx as in the male flower. Petals 5, soon falling. Staminodes wanting. Ovary free, sessile, 1-celled, or with false divisions 5-celled ; style wanting or short, with 3-5 stigmas, dilated or linear, simple or lobed ; ovules indefinite, rarely few, attached to 5 placentas. Berry fleshy, furrowed or angular, with indefinite seeds. Species 40, native of tropical America. CARICA L. Leaves spreading, subpeltately palmate, sometimes digitately 7-9-foliolate, rarely oblong. Racemes often with long peduncles. Corolla-lobes of male flower oblong or linear. Stamens 10, inserted in the throat of the corolla, 5 alternating with the lobes of the corolla with short filaments, 5 opposite the lobes, sessile ; anthers adnate to the filament. Rudiment of the ovary awl- shaped. Petals of the female flower linear-oblong. Style wanting or very short ; stigmas 5, dilated or linear, simple or lobed. Berry pulpy within, not opening. Species 35, natives of tropical America. 1. C. Papaya L. Sp. PL 1036 (1753) & Amoen. v. 383; Sw. Obs. 378 ; Wright Mem. 305 ; Bot. Reg. t. 459 ; Bot. Nag. it. 2898, 2899 ; Lunan Hort. Jam. it. 36 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 290; Solms-Laubach in Fl. Bras. xiii. pt. 3, 188, t. 49; Koeliler Ned. Pflanz. 33, 34, it. 1, 2 ; Watt Diet. Econ. Pr. Ind.; Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. Hi. 6 a, 95-98,^. 33-36; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 428 & viii. 456 ; Agric. News xix. 246 ; Britt. Fl. Berm. 250 ; Britt. & Millsp. Bah. Fl. 289. C. fronde &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 360. Papaya major flore et fructu minoribus etc. Sloane Cat. 203 it Hist. ii. 166. P. major flore et fructu majoribus &c. Sloane Cat. 202 & Hist. ii. 164. Papaya Hughes, Barbados, 181, it. 14, 15 ; Trew PL Select, t. 7. P. sativa Tassac Fl. Ant. Hi. 45, tt. 10, 11 (1824); Descourt. Fl. Ant, i. 215, ft, 47, 48. Papaw Rev. J. Lindsay Ic. & Ms. ined, ; A. Robinson Ic. & Ms. ined. Specimen in Herb. Linn, named by Linnseus. (Fig. 94.) Papaw Tree. Sloane Herb. vii. back of 88 ! Houstoun ! Distin ! Moneague, Prior ! — Carica CARICACE-E 245 D Fig. 94. — Carica Papaya L. A, Female tree, much reduced. F, Young fruit cut open, showing seeds. B, Diagram of hermaphrodite flower ; s, G, Seed cut lengthwise ; e, endosperm ; sepal ; p, petal ; st, stamen ; o, ovary. enlarged. C, Male flower cut open, enlarged. D, Hermaphrodite flower cut open, en- (A, B, F after Fl. Bras. : C, D, E after larged. Koehler Med. Pflanz. ; G after Engler E, Female flower, somewhat enlarged. & Prantl Ptlanzenfamilieu.) L'4ii i I.OI;A <>r JAM AH A Cultivated and subspontaneous in S. Florida, I'.ahamas, and West ludics. Native country unknown, cultivated throughout the tropics. 7YW. J/. 7V. £«/n.-e rounded oi obtuse, irregularly toothed or crenato ; stamen- Fig. 96. — Begonia. A, Portion of inflorescence of B. glabra Aubl., showing a central male flower, a female flower, and a male flowei- bud, x 6. B. Ovary cut across, enlarged. C, Ovary of B. acuti folia Jacq., enlarged. D, Plan of an ultimate branch of the in- florescence of B. aeutifolia Jacq. (stamens too many). (D after Eichler.) 10-17 ; capsule: largest wing broader above, obtuse or acute or broader in middle, the other wings very narrow. — 0. E. Schulz in Symb. Ant. mi. 4. B. obliqua L. Amcen. v. 383 (with reference to Browne Hist. 203). B. scandens Sw. Prodr. 86 (1788), FL Ind. Ucyonia IJEGONIACE.K 1'51 ~0cc. 992, & Ic. ined. t. 14 ; Dryander in Trans. Linn. Soc. i. Griseb. Fl Br. W. Ind. 305; A. DC. Prodr. xv. pt. 1, 362. Rumex sylvestris scandens . PL 1056 (1753) (.so far as it refers to syn. Sloan.) ; B. acuminata Dri/andcr torn. rlt. 166, t. 14, /. 5, 6 (1791) ; Bot. Ee. aadninuta in Herl>. Mu's. Urit. Woods by Hope R., and Rio Cobrc, Sloane Herb, iii. 121 (in part)! 1\~ri(jJit\ Massonl Sirff\ McNab\ March ! Mt. Diablo, Priori Cinchona, 5000 ft., J.P. 1353, Mbrrial also Harris \ also Clutc\ Brandon Hill road, near Castleton, Tliompxonl Fl. Jam. 8095, ' »1 IS ; Blue Mt. Peak ; Bog Walk ; Hitchcock ; Clyde River, below Cinchona, 4000ft., G. Nichols I Stems woody, to 2 ft. high, glabrous, purplish-brown. Leaves 10-5 cm. 1. ; petioles 2-5-1 cm. 1., hairy or glabrescent ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, mucronate, 8-10 mm. 1., persistent. Bractcole under the female flower elliptical, serrate, ciliate, 5 mm. 1. Male flowers : Perianth-segments : outer 2, roundish-ovate, 12-17 mm. 1., pink; inner 2, much narrower, oblong-obovate, 10-14 mm. 1., white. Female flowers : Perianth-segments 5r narrowly elliptical, unequal, 8-15 mm. 1., white or pink. Capsule 8-14 mm. 1., 1-2 cm. br. 4. B. purpurea Sn\ Prodr. 86 (1788) (excl. syn.); leaves oblong-elliptical to oblong- lanceolate, usually acuminate, base half-cordate or irregularly cordate, irregularly serrulate, some- times subentire, usually glabrous ; stamens 8-10 ; capsule, largest wing broadest above, obtuse-angled, the other wings much narrower, rounded, generally crescentic. — 0. E. Sclndz torn. cit. 16. B. acutifolia Sw. FL Lid. Occ. 994 (1800) (excl. all syn. except B. purpurea) ; Griseb. tor. cit. (excl. hab. Porto Rico) (non Jacq.). B. jamaicensis A. DC. in Ann. Sc. Nat. scr. 4, xi. 124 (1859) & Prodr. xv. pt. 1, 297. Woo d - sorrel. On limestone rocks ; Swart z ; Bancroft; Fairfield, Wullschlaegcl ; Mt. Diablo, Priori Holly Mount, 2600 ft.; Walderston, 2000 ft.; Tyre, near Troy, 2200 ft. ; Lapland, near Catadupa, 1900 ft. ; Peckham, Clarendon, 2000 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 6690, 8308, 9083, 9157, 12,813. Stems woody, 2-4 ft. high, glabrous. Leaves 5-11 cm. 1. ; petioles 1-2 cm. 1. ; stipules oblong, mucronate, 9-8 mm. 1., soon falling. Bracteoles under the female flower oblong-elliptical, 9 mm. 1., red. Male flowers : Perianth-segments: outer 2, ovate, pink or purple, 7-11 mm. 1. ; inner elliptical, white, narrower. Female flowers : Perianth-segments 5, 6-9 mm. 1., outer red, inner white or pink. Capsule 8-12 mm. 1. ; largest wing 13-25 mm. br. 5. B. Purdieana A. DC. in Ann. Sc. Nat. scr. 4, xi. 124 (1859) & Prodr. xv. pt. 1, 297 ; stemless ; leaves membranous, obliquely ovate, acute or shortly acuminate, cordate, irregularly crenate, with scattered hairs on both sides ; petioles sparsely hairy ; stamens 8 or more ; capsule, largest wing broader above, sub- acute-angled, the other wings narrower, broadest above.— Griseb. op. cit. 305 ; 0. E. Sdtulz torn. cit. 24. Type (unique specimen) in Herb. Kew. In fl. and fr. Jan. ; Hanover, Purdiel Stemless Jicrb. Stock about i inch long, covered with roots and stipules. Leaves 8'5-9'5 cm. 1., 5 cm. br. ; petioles 2-6 cm. 1. ; stipules Begonia BEGONIACE-K 253 oblong-lanceolate, about 1 cm. 1. Scapes 11-18 cm. 1., with 5-7 flowers at apex. Flowers white. Male flowers : Perianth-segments: outer 2, ellip- tical, 6 mm. 1. ; inner 2, obovate, scarcely shorter. Female flowers : Perianth-segments 5, obovate, 3-5 mm. 1. Capsule 8 mm. 1. ; largest wing 12-15 mm. br., other wings about 4 mm. br. 6. B. humilis Dryander in Ait. Hort. Ken-. Hi. 353 (1789); annual 1 herbaceous ; stem and branches glabrous ; leaves obliquely ovate to oblong-ovate, acute, base slightly cordate, margin ciliate, unequally crenate-serrulate ; stamens 8-1 5(— 20) ; capsule, the largest wing rounded, broadest above, the others rounded, only half as broad, broadest above or towards the middle. — Dryander torn. dt. 166, t. 15 ; Hook. Exot. Fl. i. t. 17 ; Griseb. op. cit. 304 ; 0. E. Scltulz torn. cit. 26. Jamaica (without locality) Me Nab ! in Herb. R. Bot. Gard. Edin- burgh.— Tobago, Trinidad. Herb, possibly an annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves 11-3 cm. 1., hairy on upper surface with flattish hairs, 1 mm. 1. ; petioles 4-1 cm. 1., hairy only at apex ; stipules oblong-ovate, more or less serrulate and ciliate, with a long hair-like tip, 7-5 mm. 1. Bracteoles under tbe female flower 1-1*5 mm. 1., often remote from the ovary. Flowers white. Male /lowers : Perianth-segments : outer 2, roundish or transversely oval, 4 mm. 1. ; inner 2, very narrow, sublinear, 3 mm. 1., sometimes wanting. Female /lowers : Perianth-segments 5, oblong-obovate, 2-4 inm. 1. Capsule 6-10 mm. 1. We consider that its occurrence in Jamaica requires confirmation. B. hirtella Link, a native of tropical S. America, Guadeloupe, and Martinique, is quoted doubtfully from Jamaica on a garden specimen from Hort. Soc. Lond. in Lindley's Herbarium, but there is no direct evidence of its occurrence in Jamaica. B. peponifolia Visiani, a plant cultivated in various botanic gardens, has been ascribed to Jamaica, but we have no evidence of its occurrence. FAMILY LXXXII. CUCURBITACE^]. Herbs or undershrubs, annual or with a perennial root, rarely shrubs ; stems climbing or prostrate. Leaves alternate, simple, palmately-lobed or -partite, or pedate, usually cordate and mem- branous. Tendrils, when present, lateral, next the flower-stalks. Flowers monoecious, or rarely dioecious, usually regular, racemose, paniculate, or solitary. Calyx-tube (receptacle) bell-shaped or tubular ; limb with 5 (3 or 6) overlapping lobes. Petals 5 (3 or 6), free or united. Stamens free or variously united, usually 3, of which one has a 1 -celled anther, the others 2-celled anthers. Anthers free, cohering, or confluent into a head ; cells flexuose (bent upwards and downwards), or (in Melothria) straight or curved, or (in Fevilled) oblong. Ovary inferior, or with the apex free (in Sechiuin], usually of 3 carpels, 3-celled, rarely 1—2 or apparently 4-6-celled ; placentas usually meeting in the axis of the ovary. Ovules generally horizontal in West Indian species, but erect in Cayaponia, pendulous inSechinm and 254 »>!• JAMAICA iU'ti. usually «»n the Mdes of the placentas in-M to the wall of theo\arv ;iinl immersed in pulp. 1'Yiiit usually berry-like, fleshy or corky, not opening, but in Momunlira opening by valves, in Lu[f'u by ;i H<1 : 1 -celled through the partitions or placentas dissolving into pulp, hut Li([)'a .^-celled and fibrous inside. Seeds indefinite in number or few or only one (in Seclu'iim). without endosperm. Cotyledons foliaceous. Germination tak--- place on the surface of tbe ground. Species 800, natives of the warmer regions, especially of the tropics. [Lagenarlti. [Momordica.] Petiole 2-glandular where it joins leaf-blade. Fruit woody outside, with spongy flesh Petiole not glandular. Flowers : male racemose, female solitary. Leaves entire, angled, or shortly 3-5-lobed. Tendrils simple. Fruit small, berry-like 1. MelotJtria. Tendrils branched. Fruit large, fleshy, not open- ing, seed protruding 2. Sechium. Leaves 5-7-lobed. Tendrils simple. Fruit fleshy, orange-coloured ... Tendrils 3-branched. Fruit dry, cylindrical, fibrous inside, opening by a lid [Luffa.l Flowers : male clustered, rarely solitary, female soli- tary ; leaves deeply 5-lobed, lobes obovate ; tendrils simple. Fruit fleshy, not opening, prickly 3. Cucuniis. Flowers all solitary (rarely clustered). Leaves deeply 3-lobed, lobes lobulate ; tendrils 2- branched. Fruit oblong or globose, fleshy, not opening [Citrullus.] Leaves entire or 3-lobed ; tendrils simple, tips dilated. Fruit globose, not opening, size of an orange, perianth thin 4. Cionosicys. Leaves deeply 3-5-lobed, lobes acuminate ; tendrils 3-branched, tips dilated. Fruit as in No. 4 5. Sicana. Flowers in panicles. Leaves entire or more or less 3-5-angled or -lobed. Male and female flowers on same panicle. Tendrils 2-3-branched. Fruit small, berry-like 6. Cayaponia. Male and female flowers in panicles on separate plants. Tendrils 2-branched at apex. Fruit large, woody outside, marked with the scar of the fallen calyx , 7. Fcvillea. This key applies only to species found in Jamaica. 1. MELOTHRIA L. Herbs climbing or prostrate, slender, annual or with a perennial rootstock. Leaves entire or more or less lobed. Tendrils slender, usually simple. Flowers small, yellow or white, monoecious (in Jamaican species) or dioecious. Male fls. racemose, very rarely solitary. Calyx-tube bell-shaped. Sepals 5, tooth-like. Corolla deeply 5-parted. Stamens 3 (5), inserted on the calyx-tube; anthers, one 1-celled, the rest 2-celled, sometimes Melothria CUCURB1TACE.E 255 all 2-celled ; cells usually straight. Rudiment of ovary globose or ring-like. Female fls. solitary or clustered (in W. Indian species), usually with a long slender stalk. Calyx and corolla as in male. Staminodes 3 or wanting. Ovary constricted below the flower, with 3 placentas ; style surrounded at base by a ring- like disk, with 3 stigmas ; ovules numerous, horizontal. Fruit small, berry-like. Seeds ovoid or oblong, usually compressed. Species 85, natives of tropical and subtropical regions. Leaves 5-10 cm. 1., base with a roundish bay 1. J/. guadahtpensis. Leaves 4-5 cm.l., base with a narrow bay 2. M. fluminensis. 1. M. guadalupensis Cogn. in DC. Monoyr. Hi. 580 (1881) & in Engl. Pflanzenr. Cucurb.-FevilL 83 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 610 & Fig. 97. — Melothria guadalupensis Cogn. A, Portion of branch with leaves, flowers, C, Female flower of ditto cut lengthwise and fruit, x -;. B, Male flower of M. cucumis Veil., cut lengthwise, one stamen removed, X 5. X 3. D, Seed of M. (juadalupensis Cogn. x 4. viii. 694; Britt. & Millsp. Bah. Fl. 426. M. scandens etc. Browne Hist. Jam. 124. M. foliis cordatis etc. Plum. PL Amer. (Burm.) 55, t. 66, /. 2. (excl. syn.) & Ic. Original ined. iv. 205. M. pendula _~>6 l-U'KA OF JAMAICA L. S}>. PI. ."••"» (175.'>) (with ivu'.-ird to syn. Sloan, it hah. Jamaica), X//.S/. «L 10, Mil it yl/mi //. r. .">7.~> ; Sw. Obs. 27. M. ])(T\;i-;i (i,-i«fl>. Fl. Jir. }V. Int. 289 (I860). Bryonia guadalupensia Spreng. N//,s7. ///. 15 (1826). Landersia pervaga Mac/. Jam. ii. 142 (1850). Cucumis minima etc. Slotmc Cat. 103 it Hist. i. 227, /. 142, f. 1. Specimen in Herb. Linn, named by Linnaeus. (Fig. 97'.) Sloane Herb. iv. 76 ! Mocfadyen ; Distin ! Waters ! Parnell ! Broken- burst, Manchester, Purdicl Wilson; Wnllschlaegel ; Moneague, Priori also Lady Blake \ Liguanea plain, J. P. 1047, Hart I Cincbona, Fawcettl Port Royal Mts. (Green Valley and Robertsfield, 2000ft.) Harris I Fl. Jam. 5912, 7796 ; Port Morant ; Lucea ; Hitchcock ; Bog Walk, Ridley 1- Bahanias, W. Indies, Central America, northern S. America. Stem climbing or creeping, much branched, sometimes 6 ft. 1. Leaves 5-10 cm. 1., ovate-cordate or triangular-subsagittate, entire or 3-5-lobed, apex acute or shortly acuminate, base cordate with a somewhat roundish bay, margin wavy or with a few small teeth, on upper surface very rough, beneath somewhat rough ; petiole 2-4 cm. 1. Flowers minute. Male racemes about as long as the petiole. Calyx 2- 5 mm. 1. Female peduncles longer than the petiole, 3-6 cm. 1. Fruit 1*5 cm. 1., 1 cm. thick, ellipsoidal or subglobose, rounded at both ends, at first green, marked with 6 pale lines, at length red, finally purple-black. Seed winged, 4 mm. 1. 2. M. fluminensis Gardn. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Sot. i. 173 (1842) ; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Hi. 583 & in Engl. Pflanzenr. iv. 275, i. 85; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 611. Specimens from Gardner in Herb. Mus. Brit, and Kew. Oersted; Bog Walk, Hitchcock. — West Indies, tropical continental America. Stem climbing, branched. Leaves 4-5 cm. 1., broadly ovate-cordate, entire, 5-angled, or slightly 3-5-lobed, apex usually acute or shortly acuminate, base with a narrow bay, on upper surface rough, beneath more or less pubescent-roughish ; petiole 2-4 cm. 1. Flowers minute. Male racemes shorter than the leaf. Calyx l'5-2 mm. L, narrowly bell-shaped. Female peduncles a little shorter than the leaf, 3-4 cm. 1. Fruit 9-13 mm. L, 6-9 mm. thick, subglobose, colour the same all over. 2. SECHIUMJuss. Annual herb, hairy, high climbing. Leaves membranous, angled or lobed, base deeply cordate. Tendrils with 3 (2—5) branches. Flowers greenish, or cream-coloured, or white, monoecious. Male fls. racemose, sometimes in clusters on a long peduncle. Calyx-tube hemispherical. Sepals 5. Corolla rotate, deeply 5-parted. Stamens 3, inserted at the bottom of the receptacle, the short filaments united into a column ; anthers free, flexuose, one 1 -celled, the rest 2-celled. Female fls. solitary or twin in the same axil as the male fls. Calyx and corolla as in the male fls. Style rising from a spreading toothed disk. Ovary 1 -celled ; stigma with 5 or 6 recurved lobes ; ovule one, hanging from apex of cell. Fruit Secliinm CUCURBITACE.E 257 fleshy, furrowed. Seed one, with very large fleshy cotyledons, often germinating in the fruit. Species 1, spontaneous and cultivated in the Bahamas, West Indies, tropical continental America, introduced into tropics of Old World. S. edule Sw. FL Lid. Occ. 1150 (1800); Macf. Jam. it. 141 ; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 286; Cogn. in Fl. Bras. vi. pt. 4, 111, D Fig. 98. — Sechium edule S\v. A, Leaf, tendril, and inflorescence with C, Ditto opened out. female flower and buds of male D, Female flower cut lengthwise x 4 ; flowers, X $. s, disk. B, Male flower-bud x 15. E, Fruit cut lengthwise X .'.. (A after Fl. Bras. ; B, C, E after Baillon.) t. 35 & in DO. Monogr. Hi. 901 ; Baill. Hist. PL viii. 383-385, figs. 228-233 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 616 & viii. 698 ; Bot. Mag. t. 8738 ; Britt. FL Berm. 376 (cult.). S. foliis cordato-angulatis &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 355. Sicyos edules Jacq. Enum. 32 (1760), & V. S J5.S FLOKA OF .IA.MAK A S>rJiiitiH Sri. Sfirj,. Amer. 2:>8, /. 163; Sw. Prodi: 116. Chayota edulis Jacq. ScJ. >'///•/<. . l///r/\ ctZ. pict. t. 245. Concombre cristophine Descourt. Fl. Ant. v. 94, /. 328. (Fig. 98.) Cho-cho. Distin ! Moneague, Prior ! — Spontaneous and cultivated in West Indies and tropical continental America. Introduced into tropics and subtropics of Old World. Stem climbing to a height of several feet ; the root of the mature plant large and fleshy, resembling the yam in appearance, and weighing from 10 to 20 pounds. Leaves 1-2 • 5 dm. 1., cordate at base, 3-5-angled or -lobed. Tendrils 5-6 cm. 1., usually 3-branched. Peduncle 1-3 dm. 1. Fruit generally about 10 cm. 1., light green or white, usually with small herbaceous prickles. Seed ovate, compressed, protruding from the cleft apex of the ripe fruit, and emitting several rootlets. Fruit very wholesome, usually used as a vegetable like the vegetable- marrow; sometimes with the addition of lime-juice and sugar it supplies an ingredient for tarts. The root when cooked is wholesome and palatable. much like a yam. (Macfadyen.) [MOMORDICA L. Herbs climbing or prostrate, annual or with perennial rhizome. Leaves lobed (in Jamaican species) or entire, or with 3 to 7 leaflets. Tendrils simple (in Jamaican species) or 2-branched. Flower-stalk sometimes with a large bract. Flowers mostly yellow, monoecious (in Jamaican species) or dioecious. Male fl. solitary, racemose, or corymbose. Calyx-tube very short, closed by 2 or 3 oblong incurved scales. Sepals 5. Corolla rotate or bell-shaped, usually 5-cleft to base ; segments obovate, ribbed. Stamens generally 3, attached at the mouth of the tube : anthers at tirst cohering, at length free, one 1 -celled, the rest 2-celled, usually flexuose, protruding beyond receptacle. Female fl. solitary. Calyx and corolla as in male. Staminodes wanting or 3 glands surrounding base of style. Ovary with 3 placentas ; stigmas 3 ; ovules numerous, horizontal. Fruit oblong, spindle-shaped, or cylindrical, berry-like, not opening or with 3 valves. Species nearly 50, most of them African, a few dispersed through all tropical regions. Bract of male flower entire, above the base or about the middle of peduncle. Apex of leaf-lobules blunt, mucronate ....................................................... 1. M. Charantia. Bract of male flower toothed, near apex of peduncle. Leaf-lobules deeply cut, acute ........................... 2. M. Balsamina. 1. M. Charantia L. Sp. PL ,1009 (1753), Amcen. v. 383 £ Hort. Cliff. 451 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2455. Wright Mem. 301 ; Macf. Jam. if. 140; Wight Ic. t. 504; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 287; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Hi. 436 ; Watt Econ. Prod. Ind. ; Gar A. Chron. ser. 3, Hi. 473 with col. plate ; Small FL S.E. U.S. 1136; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 612 & mil. 696 ; Britt. & Millsp. Bah. Fl, 425. Momordica CUCURBITACE.E 259 M. subhirsuta lire. Browne Hist. Jam. 353. Cucumis africanus Sot. Re, Seed X 2. (A after Baillon ; B, C after Card. Chron.) Cerasee Rev. J. Lindsay Ic. & Ms. ined. Specimen in Herb. Linn, named by Linnaeus. Specimen in Hort. Cliff, in Herb. Mus. Brit. (Fig. 99, B-D.) Cerasee. Distin ! Wullschlaegel ; Moneague, Prior ! J.P. 2103, Hart \ Hope grounds, 700 ft., Harris ! Annotto Bay, Thompson \ Windward road, Fawcettl FL Jam. 6779, 6934, 7922, 8246, 8460. Lucca; Porus ; Hitchcock. —Tropics and subtropics of Old World, introduced into America and West Indies. Stem climbing, puberulous or tomentose especially at apex, 3-6 ft. 1. Leaves 4-12 cm. in diam., cut to the middle or almost to the base into 5-7 lobes, much narrower at the base, toothed or lobulate, apex of each usually blunt, rnucronate, pubescent on both sides, especially oil nerves beneath, or glabrescent. Peduncle of male fl. 5-15 cm. L, with a kidney s 2 260 FLOKA OF JAMAICA Momordica shaped or roundish-cordate entire bract at or below tbe middle, 5-15 mm. br.; of female fl. 5-10 cm. 1., with bract generally near base. Corolla yellow, segments 1*5-2 cm. 1. Fruit 8-15 cm. 1. and more, orange-yellow, oblong- ellipsoidal, narrowed to both ends ; tuberculate, when ripe 3-valved from apex. Seeds 10-16 mm. 1., slightly 3-lobed at each end, corrugate on margin, covered with pulp of a rich crimson colour. Var. abbreviata Ser. ex DC. Prodr. Hi. 311; plant much smaller, lobes of leaves usually narrower ; fruit shorter, ovate- mucronate ; seeds smaller, generally smooth. — Coyn. torn. cit. 437 ; Urb. loc. cit. M. zeylanica Mill. Diet. ed. 8 (1768). Smaller Cerasee Rev. J. Lindsay Ic. & Ms. ined. Kingston ; Constant Spring ; Port Morant ; Hitchcock. The fruits of species and variety are eaten cooked in curries, or sliced and fried. It is necessary to soak them in hot water or salt and water before cooking to remove some of the bitterness, bliced and dried, they will keep for months, if kept in an airy place. 2. M. Balsamina L. Sp. PL 1009 (1753), Amoen. v. 383 & Hort. Cliff. 450 ; Macf. Jam. ii. 138 ; Griseb. loc. cit. ; Cogn. torn, cit. 439 : Watt Econ. Prod. Ind. ; Small loc. cit. ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 612. M. glabra &c. Browne loc. cit. Cucumis puniceus Sloane Hist. i. 228. Momordique Descourt. Fl. Ant. viii. 355, t. 594. Specimen in Herb. Linn, named by Linnaeus. Specimens in Hort. Cliff, in Herb. Mus. Brit. (Fig. 99, A.) Cerasee. Houston in Sloane Herb. iv. 76*! Macfadyen; Wilson ! trailing along the sand on sea-beach, Alligator Pond, Harris I Fl. Jam. 6415. — Distribu- tion of preceding species. Stem low-growing, subglabrous, 2-4 ft. 1. Leaves 4-7 cm. in diam., cut to the middle in 3-5 rhomboid lobes, which are deeply and acutely lobulate. Peduncle of male fl. 3-7 cm. L, with a roundish-cordate toothed bract at the apex; of female fl. '5-1 '5 cm. 1., without a bract or with one at base. Corolla orange-yellow, about 1'5 cm. 1. Fruit 3-6 cm. 1., orange-red, broadly ovoid, crested-tuberculate, ''bursting irregularly and laterally from the base" (Macfadyen). Seeds 10-11 mm. L, margin subentire. The young green fruit is used as a pickle ; when ripe it is eaten as a vegetable in stews, &c.] [LUFFA Cav. Annual herbs, glabrous, rough, or pubescent. Leaves usually 5-7-lobed. Tendrils with 2 or more branches (3 in Jamaican species). Flowers monoecious, large, usually yellow, some- times white. Male flowers racemose. Calyx-tube bell- or top-shaped ; lobes 5, triangular or lanceolate. Petals free, spreading, obovate or obcordate. Stamens 3 (4 or 5) ; filaments free or 2 united ; anthers, when 3, 1 -celled, the rest 2-celled, cells linear, flexuose. Female flowers solitary. Calyx-tube (receptacle) prolonged above the ovary ; lobes and corolla as in the male fls. Ovary long, with 3 placentas ; stigma 3-lobed ; ovules indefinite, horizontal. Fruit dry, oblong or cylindrical, fibrose inside, 3-celled, with style persistent, opening by the Luff a CUCUKBITACE^E 261 dropping off of the lid-like apex. Seeds indefinite, oblong, compressed. Species 7 or 8, of which one is tropical American, the rest natives of tropics of Old World, but cultivated or subspontaneous in tropics of New World. Fruit not ribbed. Seeds smooth, winged. Leaves 5-lobed 1. L. cylindrica. Fruit 10-ribbed. Seeds rough, not winged. Leaves 5-angled or sublobed 2. L. acutangula. 1. L. eylindriea If. Eoem. Syn. Pepon. ii. 63 (1846); Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Hi. 456 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 613 & viii. 697. L, tegyptiaca Mill. Diet. ed. 8 (1768) ; Macf. Jam. ii. 136. Momor- dica cylindrica L. Sp. PL 1009 (1753). Strainer Rev. J.Lindsay Ic. & Ms. ined. Specimen in Herb. Linn, named by Linnseus. Strainer Vine. Distin ! Guava Ridge, Harris \ — Native of tropics of Old World.. Cultivated and subspontaneous in tropics and subtropics of New World. Stem climbing, 10-20 ft. 1. and more, 5-angled, glabrous, rough at angles. Leaves 15-20 cm. in diam., cordate at base, palmately 5-lobed, lobes acute or acuminate, rough on both sides. Tendrils usually with 3 branches. Male and female flowers in same axil. Calyx-tube not angled, segments not keeled. Petals oblong-wedge-shaped, rounded at apex or scarcely emarginate, 3-5-nerved, 2-3 cm. 1., 1-1 '5 cm. br. Stamens 3, one 1-celled, two 2-celled, or 5 1-celled ; filaments 6-8 mm. 1. Fruit 15-30 cm. ]., 6-10 cm. br., cylindrical or obscurely 3-cornered, not ribbed but with 10 dark longitudinal lines. Seeds smooth, surrounded by a short wing, 12 mm. L, 8-9 mm. br., 2-2*5 mm. thick. 2. L. aeutangula Eoxb. Hort. Beng. 70 (1814) & Fl. Ind. Hi. 713 ; Macf. Jam, ii. 136 ; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 288 ; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Hi. 459 ; Watt Econ. Prod. Ind. ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 613 ; Guppy Plants. . . W. Indies Ac. 223. L. fcetida Cav. Ic. L 7, #. 9, 10 (1791) ; Bot. Mag. t. 1638. Cucumis acutangulus L. Sp. PL 1011 (1753); Jacq. Hort. Vindob. Hi. 40, it. 73, 74. Specimen from Jacquin in Herb. Mus. Brit. East Indian Ochra. March. — Native of tropical Asia'and tropical Africa. Cultivated and subspontaneous in all tropical countries. Description as in L. cylindrica, except in the following points:— Leaves cordate-roundish, palmately 5-7-angled or sub-lobed. Calyx-tube 5-angled, segments keeled. Petals obcordiforrn, emarginate at apex, mucronulate, slightly veined, 2 cm. L, 2-2-5cm.br. Stamens 3; filaments 3-4 mm. 1. Fruit club-shaped, apex obtuse or shortly acute, acutely 10-ribbed. Seeds rough, not winged, slightly 2-lobed at base. The fruit of both species while still young, and not more than 4 inches long, is an excellent vegetable. It is peeled, boiled, and served dressed with butter, pepper, and salt, or is used as an ingredient in curries. The fibrous coat is used in baths as a flesh-brush.] 3. CUCUMIS L. Annual herbs, or with perennial rootstock ; stem trailing along the ground or climbing over shrubs ; hispid or roughish. 262 FLOUA OF JAMAICA Cucumis Leaves deeply cut or angular, toothed or palmately 3-7-lobed. Tendrils simple. Flowers yellow, monoecious or rarely dioecious. Male flowers clustered or rarely solitary. Calyx-tube bell-shaped or top-shaped ; limb 5-lobed. Corolla somewhat bell-shaped, •Vparted. Stamens 3, free, inserted on the calyx-tube; anthers, one 1-celled, rest 2-celled, cells linear, iiexuose or curved, rarely straight, the connection prolonged above into a papillose appendage. Ovary represented by a gland. Female flowers solitary. Calyx and corolla as in male fls. Staminodes 3. Ovary with 3-5 placentas ; stigmas 3-5 ; ovules numerous, horizontal. Fruit of various shapes, usually not opening, with many seeds. Species about 40, mostly natives of tropical Asia and Africa, very few of America and Australia. C. Anguria L. % PL 1011 (1753) & Amcen. v. 383; Macf. Jam. ii 133; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 288; Bot. Mag. t. 5817 ; Cogn. in Fl. Bras. m. pt. 4, 16, -t. 2 &, in DC. Monogr. Hi. 501 ; Small FL S.E. U.S. 1137. C. sylvestris &c. Phik. Phyt. t, 170, /. 3. D Fig. 100.— Cucumis Anguria L. A, Portion of branch with leaf, tendril, C, Stamen much enlarged. and male and female flowers, X 3. D, Fruit X f . B, Male flower X 3. E, Ditto cut across x jj. (B-E after Bot. Mag.) Cucumis CUCURBITACE^; 263 C. angurise &c. Sloane Cat. 103 & Hist. i. 227. C. subhirsutus &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 353. C. jamaicensis Gandoger in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. Ixv. 28 (1918). Specimen in Herb. Linn, named by Linnaeus. Specimen from Plukenet in Herb. Mus. Brit. (Hb. Sloane xcv. 200). (Fig. 100.) Wild Cucumber, West Indian Gherkin. Sloane Herb. iv. 74, 75 ! Broughton \ Macfadyen ; Kingston, Prior \ Hope grounds, 700 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 6650, 6820, 6967, 9043.— West Indies, tropical and subtropical continental America from Texas and Florida. Annual herb. Stem 3-6 ft. 1., angled, rough, hispid, with long white hairs. Leaves 5-10 cm. 1., 3-lobed with the side lobes divided again, margin wavy, with small teeth, base cordate, lobes obtuse, somewhat obovate, sometimes lobulate. Flowers small, yellow. Male flowers : Peduncle 1-2 cm. 1. Calyx 5-7 mm. 1. Anthers : appendage deeply 2-lobed, lobes lobulate. Female flowers : Peduncle 5-10 cm. 1. Fruit the size and shape of a hen's egg, pale yellow, more or less covered with prickles, not opening. " This fruit is eaten very greedily by sheep and all manner of cattle, and they are thought to thrive extremely by feeding on them. The fruit is likewise eat in lieu of our European cucumbers, are very cooling, and equal, if not exceed, them in everything." (Sloane.} This is a very wholesome vegetable, dressed plain, or in stews or soups. It is also esteemed as a pickle. (Macfadyen.) C. Melo L. Sp. PI. 1011 (1753) & Amcen. v. 383, the M e lo n, is cultivated. Annual; leaves 8-15 cm. L, 5-angled or 3-7-lobed, base cordate, hairy on both sides ; ovary densely and smoothly villose ; fruit of many forms, smooth, pubescent or glabrate. — Macf. Jam. ii. 132 ; Cogn. torn. cit. 482. Melo fructu &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 353. C. jamaicensis Bert, ex Spreng. Syst. Hi. 46 (1826). C. sativus L. Sp. PL 1012 (1753) & Amcen. v. 383, the Cucumber, is cultivated. Annual; leaves 12-18 cm. L, palmately 3-5-lobed, lobes triangular, toothed, acute and acuminate, hairy on both sides ; fruit mostly oblong, 3-cornered or cylindrical, sparsely tuberculate, when ripe sometimes almost or quite smooth. — Mac/. Jam. ii. 133 ; Cogn. torn. cit. 498. C. sativus &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 353. [CITRULLUS Schrad. Annual or perennial herbs, musky or fetid, trailing along the ground. Leaves deeply 3-5-lobed, lobes lobulate. Tendrils 2-branched. Flowers rather large, yellow, monoecious, all generally solitary. Male fl. : Calyx-tube broadly bell-shaped, limb 5-lobed. Corolla somewhat bell-shaped, deeply 5-parted. Stamens 3 ; anthers, one 1 -celled, rest 2-celled, cells linear, flexuose, connective not prolonged. Ovary represented by a gland. Female fl. : Calyx and corolla as in male fl. Staminodes 3. Ovary with 3 placentas ; stigmas 3 ; ovules numerous, horizontal. Fruit globose or oblong, not opening. Species 2, natives of the eastern Mediterranean region, tropical Africa, and West Asia ; cultivated in all tropical and subtropical regions. -('4 FLORA OF JAMAICA Citrullus C. vulgaris Sclirad. in Linnxa xii. 412 (1838) ; Cogn. in DC. . Hi. 508. Anguria prima Citrullus dicta Sloane Cat. 101 & Hist. 1. 226. Cucurbita Citrullus L. Sp. PL 1010 (17.13); Descourt. Fl. Ant. v. 4, /. 305. Cucumis trilobus L. Amoen. v. 383. C. Citrullus Ser. ex DC. Prodr. Hi. 301 ; Macf. Jam. ii. 134. C. foliis multipartitis Browne Hist. Jam. 353. Specimen in Her)). Linn, named by Linnaeus. Water Melon. Sloane Herb. iv. 73 ! — Native of tropical and south Africa ; cultivated and subspontaneous in all tropical and subtropical regions. Annual. Stem hairy. Leaves 8-20 cm. L, deeply cut into 3 segments, segments pinnately or bipinnately cut, lobes with wavy margin or more or less lobulate, on both sides somewhat rough. Ovary woolly. Fruit subglobose or ellipsoidal, flesh sweet and edible, sometimes bitter at the bottom. Seeds generally marginate. The pulp is of a red colour with the cells filled with watery fluid, so that it dissolves nearly entirely in the mouth, whence the name Water Melon. It is given with advantage in fever. It is slightly laxative. (Macfadyen.) This species is nearly allied to C. Colocynthis Schrad., the Colocynth plant.] 4. CIONOSICYS Griseb. Glabrous herbs, high climbing. Leaves membranous, cordate or subcordate at base, broadly ovate, acuminate, entire or 3-lobed. Tendrils simple, dilated towards apex. Flowers large, long- stalked with a joint below the flower, all solitary, monoscious. Male fl. : Calyx-tube top-shaped or funnel-shaped. Sepals 5, rather large, leathery, ovate- or oblong-lanceolate. Corolla funnel-shaped-rotate, 5-parted, segments ample, obovate, ribbed. Stamens 3-5; filaments free, hirsute, inserted into the base of the corolla; anthers all united in a cylindrical column, which is shortly exceeded by 5 connectival lobes, cells conduplicate. Female fl. : Calyx-tube cup-shaped. Corolla as in the male. Ovary with 3 placentas ; stigmas 3, bent back, leafy ; ovules numerous, horizontal. Fruit roundish-ovoid, fleshy, yellowish, glabrous. Seeds numerous. Species 1, native of Jamaica. C. pomiformis Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 288 (1860); Gogn. in DC. Monogr. Hi. 516. Trichosanthes foliis denticulatis &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 354 ; A. Robinson Ic. & Ms. ined. T. pomi- formis Macf. Jam, ii. 144 (1850). Climbing Melon Rev. J. Lindsay Ic. & Ms. ined. (Fig. 101.) Wild Melon. In fl. Oct. -May; Browne; Wright I Brouglitonl Shakespcar I Mac- fadyen ; Distin \ St. Mary, McNab \ Wilson \ Wullschlaegel ; Moneague, Prior ! Cinchona, J.P. 638, Morris ! also Fawcctt ! road from Orchard to Mocha, Port Royal Mts., 2500 ft.; near Troy, 2000 ft.; Hardware Gap, Cionosicijs CUCUB.BITACE.'E 265 4000 ft. ; Harris \ Fl. Jam. 5862, 8534, 10,130; foot of John Crow (Blake) Mts., Norman ! — Isle of Pines. Stem slender, angular, glabrous. Leaves 5-10 cm. 1., 3-nerved with lateral nerves 2-branched, remotely and minutely toothed. Peduncles of male n. 4-5 cm. 1., of female fl. about 1-5 cm. 1. Flowers greenish-white. Fig. 101. — Cionosicys pomiformis Griseb. A, Portion of branch, with leaf, tendril. D, Fruit cut across X §. and female flower, x |. B, Male flower cut lengthwise X f. C, Pollen grain x 75. E, Seed with part of the coat removed, nat. size. (U after A. Robinson.) Male flowers : Calyx-tube narrowed to base, 10-12 mm. 1. ; sepals 12 mm. 1., acute. Corolla about 4 cm. L, tomentose. Female flowers : Peduncle shorter than male. Calyx-tube I cm. 1. ; sepals 5mm. 1., lanceo- late. Corolla 3 '5-4 cm. 1., outside papillose, inside hairy. Fruit the size of an orange, "yellow (when ripe), 3-celled ; cells 9-seeded. Seeds imbedded in pulp " (Macfadyen), about 12 mm. 1. [LAGENARIA Ser. Annual herbs, high climbing, softly pubescent, smelling of musk. Leaves roundish-cordate, toothed ; petiole with 2 glands next the leaf. Tendrils 2-branched. Flowers large, white, nioncecious, all solitary, long-stalked. Fruit not opening, of various shapes and sizes, woody, with a spongy flesh. Seeds numerous, compressed, margined. Species 1, native of tropical Asia and Africa, cultivated everywhere in warm climates. FLORA OF JAMAICA Lagcnaria L. vulgaris Ser. in Mem. Soc. Geneve, Hi. pi. 1, 29, t. 2 (1825) ; Macf. Jam. ii 131 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 288; Cocjn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. Hi. 417; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 614. Lagenaria lagenaria Coclcer. in Bull Torr. Club xix. 95 (1892); Small Fl. S.E. U.S. 1137. Cucurbita lagenaria L. % PL 1010 (1753) & Amcen. v. 383 ; Wriglit Mem. 300 ; Britt. Fl. Berm. 376. Cucur- bita itc. &/oane 6\zf. 100, 101 & H/s*. i. 225, 226. C. villosa &c. «t C. fructu maximo Arc. Browne Hist. Jam 354 ; Descourt. Fl. Ant. v. 85, f. 325. Specimen in Herb. Linn, named by Linnaeus. Bottle Gourd. Sloane Herb. iv. 70 (seeds only) ! Ramble, Claremont, Fawcett & Harris 1 Fl. Jam. 7034. — Tropical Africa and Asia. Cultivated and sub- spontaneous throughout the tropics. Leaves 1-4 dm. br. ; petiole shorter than the limb. Peduncle of male fls. longer than the petiole, of the female fls. as long or shorter. Male fls.: Calyx 1-5-2-5 cm. 1. Petals 3-4 cm. L] 5. SICANA Naud. Annual climbing herbs. Leaves palmately deeply 3-5-lobed. Tendrils with 3-5 branches. Flowers large, yellow, monoecious, all solitary. Calyx-tube bell-shaped ; lobes 5. Corolla broadly bell-shaped, 5-lobed. Male fl. : Stamens 3 ; anthers united in Jamaican species, cells twisted forming a head. Female fl. : Staminodes reduced to bristles or wanting. Ovary with 3 placentas ; stigmas 3 ; ovules numerous, horizontal. Fruit large, fleshy, not opening. Seeds flattened, narrowly winged or incon- spicuously margined. Species 2, one a native of Jamaica, the other of tropical S. America. S. spheriea Hook. f. in Eot. Mag. t. 7109 (1890); drawings by J. H. Hart ined. in Herb. Kew. Type in Herb. Kew. (Fig. 102.) Latimer Cinchona plantations, Blue Mts., 5000 ft., Morris ! also Fawcett ! Branclileis puberulous. Leaves 8-12 cm. in diam., glabrous or dotted, base cordate with a deep rounded bay, deeply 3-5-lobed, lobes ovate, long acuminate, entire or with small teeth. Tendrils 3-branched, tips dilated. Peduncles solitary. Calyx pubescent or tomentose; lobes ovate, spreading. Corolla 7-8 cm. L, pubescent outside, tomentose inside. Male flowers : Filaments free, very short, glabrous ; anthers in a subglobose head. Female flowers : Ovary cylindrical. Fruit globose, about the size of a small orange, glabrous. Seeds narrowly winged. Coceinia grandis Eoem. Syn. Monogr. fasc. 2, 93 (1846). C. cordifolia Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Hi. 529 (1881), a native of the East Indies, has been found naturalized near Kingston, Harris ! Fl. Jam. 12,533. Leaves ovate-cordate, 5-angled or -lobed. Flowers all solitary, large, bell-shaped, white. Fruit 5 cm. L, rounded-ellipsoidal, red with reddish pulp. Sicana CUCURBITACE^E 267 lig. 102. — Sicana spherica Hook. f. A, Leaf with tendril and female flower x -?. B, Stamens of male flower, enlarged.! (B after Hooker fll.) 6. CAYAPONIA Manso. Herbs climbing or very rarely prostrate, with a perennial root- stock. Leaves palmately 3-7-lobed (upper entire in C. roc<- mosa), occasionally with 3-5 leaflets, very rarely all entire. Tendrils generally with 2-5 branches. Flowers usually small, monoecious or very rarely dioecious, usually in panicles or racemes. Male ns. : Calyx-tube bell-shaped ; limb 5-toothed or deeply 5-cleft. Corolla bell-shaped or rotate, 5-parted, segments ovate or oblong. Stamens 3, inserted on the receptacle ; anthers usually cohering in a cylindrical column, one 1-celled, the rest 2-celled, cells flexuose. Female fls. : Calyx and corolla as in 268 FLO I! A OF JAMAICA male tls. Staminodes •">, minute. Ovary usually M-rdled ; style inserted in a basilar disk ; stigmas .">, dilated : o\ ules 1-4 in tin celK. a-'-rndin^ from tin- base. Fruit ellipsoidal or globose, not opening, with 3 (1-12) seeds. Seeds erect, with a hard coat. Species 70, natives chielly of tropical S. America, also of West Indies, Central America, subtropical N. America and AY. Africa. C. raeemosa Coyn. in DC. Moim<(r. /'//. 768 (1881) ; Urb. Syiitb. Ant. iv. 614 «k viii. 697 : Britt. <(• Millsp. Bali. FL 427. Bryonia Fig. 103. — Cayaponia raeemosa Cogn. A, Leaf with inflorescence and tendril x J. D, Female flower ; s, starainodes ; d, disk ; B, Male flower x 2. X 4. C, Male flower cut open. E, Fruit cut lengthwise x 2 ; c, hard coat of seed. Cayaponia CUCURBIT ACE^E 269 racemosa foliis ticulneis Plum. Dcscr. 83, t. 97. B. racernosa Mill. Diet. ed. 8; Sw. Prodr. 116 & Fl. Lid, Occ. 1148 ; Macf. Jam. ii. 137. B. foliis hirtis &c. Broivnc Hist. Jam. 355. Bryone d'Amerique Descourt. FL Ant. it. 281, t. 136. Cionandra race- mosa Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 286 (1860). Wild C e r a s e e, Mountain B r y o n y . Wright ! Macfadycn \ Distin ! Purdie \ March \ Prior ! Montego Bay, McCattyl Liguanea plain, Campbell \ Ramble, Clareniont, Fawcett & Harris ! Giddy Hall, Fawcett \ Halls Delight, St. Andrew, 1200 ft., Harris ! PL Jam. 10,076, 10,107. (Fig. 103.)— Cuba to Tortola, Tobago, Trinidad, Central America, Guiana, Venezuela. Stem somewhat woody, often high-climbing, to 20 ft. 1. Leaves very variable, 6-13 cm. 1., upper entire or nearly so, lower more or less 3-5-lobed, rough on upper surface, puberulous or glabrescent beneath, running into the petiole and more or less glandular beneath at base ; petioles 2-7 cm. 1. Tendrils with 2 or 3 branches. Flowers yellowish-green, male and female on the same panicle (often leafy). Male flowers : Calyx-tube 3 mm. 1., • teeth about 1 mm. 1. Corolla about *5 cm. 1. Female flowers: Calyx: tube 1*5 mm. 1., teeth '5 mm. 1. Corolla 3 mm. 1. Fruit 1-1 '5 cm. 1., ellipsoidal, reddish-orange when ripe. All parts of the plant are intensely bitter. 7. FEVILLEA L. Climbing shrubs. Leaves cordate, palmately lobed or angled, membranous. Tendrils lateral, 2-branched at apex. Peduncles collateral with tendrils and leaves. Flowers small, in hanging panicles, yellow or greenish, dioacious. Male fls. : Calyx-tube short, bell-shaped or cup-like ; sepals 5. Petals 5, clawed, spreading, with an erect longitudinal tongue along the midrib. Staminodes 5, minute, between the petals, united to the sepals. Stamens 5, in the centre of the receptacle ; anthers 1-celled opening by a longitudinal slit, connective broad. Female fls. : Calyx as in male fls. Petals 5, clawed, spreading. Staminodes 5 or more ; 20 very small glands at base of petals. Ovary 3-celled, sometimes free at apex ; styles 3 ; stigmas 2-lobed ; ovules 6 or fewer in each cell, hanging from the margins of the carpels. Fruit large, ringed above the middle with the scar of the fallen calyx-limb, 3-celled below, marked writh 3 radiating lines at the apex. Seeds indefinite, large, hanging from the margins of the placentas in the upper part of the cell, overlapping, compressed, roundish in outline ; cotyledons large, round in outline. Species 7, natives of West Indies and tropical continental America. F. cordifolia L. Sp. PL 1013 (1753) & Amcen. v. 383; Sw. Obs. 377; Macf. Jam. ii. 129; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 289 ; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Hi. 941 & in Engler's Pflzr. Cucurbitacese — • Fevi1lese7; Baill. Hist, PL viii. 378, 379, Jigs. 212-217; Urb. Syinb. Ant. iv. 610 & viii. 693 ; Guppy Plants . . . W. Indies &c. 270 FL'tKA OF JAMAICA / < villea 1-4. I-'. Triloltata /,. >'//. /V. 1014 (17-~>3) (so far as regards syn. Shxtii. x hab. Jamaica). F. scandens L. Sp. PJ. el >u a I i stamens, thicker below, hollow ;il)ove, with '2-7 tliick stigmatic rays. Uerry pear-shaped, depressed at apex, with areoles, with or without spines. Seeds compressed ; coat bony : endosperm little or much ; cotyledons leafy. Species about 250, natives of the West Indies and tropiral and subtropical America, one or two very widely spread through the Old World. Areoles with long spines. Joints obovate to elliptical. Plants -2-6 ft. hi^h. Joints obovate-elliptical. Spines yellow, to 3 -5 cm. 1. 1. O. Tuna. Joints obovate v.'ith long tapering base. Spines white, to 2-5 cm. 1 2. 0. jamaiccnxi*. Joints narrowly oblong. Plant to 16 ft. high, with spiny trunk 3. 0. sjnnosissunn. Areoles without long spines (rarely with small solitary spines) 4. O. Ficus-indica. 1. 0. Tuna Miller Gard. Diet. cd. 8 (1768); bushy, much branched, erect; joints obovate or elliptical ; areoles with 3-5 (2-6) Pig. Iff! .—Opuntia Tuna Miller. A, Shoot with flower-bud, flower, and I), Flower cut lengthwise, nat. fruit, x i. E, Fruit cut lengthwise x |.$, B, Areole with long spines cut, nat. size. F, Seed x 3. C, A small spine from B, much enlarged. G, Ditto cut lengthwise. Opuntiu CACTACE.E 277 slender needle-shaped spines, yellow (at least when young) ; flowers yellow; ovary 1*5-2 cm. 1.; fruit red. — Macf. Jain. it. 178; Griseb. FL Br. W. Lid. 302 (excl. hab. Antigua); Britt. & Rose Cad. i. 113, figs. 141, 142. Cactus Tuna L. Sp. PL 468 (1753). C. brachiatus et articulatus articulis ovatis (>. O. major spinosa caulescens foliis atrovirentibus longis et angustis pendulis flore rubro Sloane Cat. 195 & ///*/. ii. 154, /. ""224, /. L'. Cactus brachiatus et articulatus articulis oblongo-ovatis Arc. Broirnc 7//V. Jam. 237. Prickly Pear Tree Rev. J. Lindsay Ic. <(• J 278 FLORA OF JAMAICA Opunfi'i Southern coast; Sloane Herb. vii. 88 ! Plants to 1G ft. high, trunk often as thi<-k as a man's thigh with s 5cm. 1. and more. Joints 1*5-3 dm. ]., 5-7 cm. br., their tn-^oli-s 1 to 2 cm. apart. Flourrs 2'5-3 cm. br. l'< f,ils about 1 cm. 1. Ovary 5-6 (3-8) cm. 1., narrowing to a stalk-like base. 0. Dillenii Hawortli S/i}>pl. PL Slice. 79 (1819); joints obovate, I". (7-40); areoles with l-4(-10) stout spines yellow and somewhat mottled with brown, commonly flattened, longest usually 3 cm. 1., sometimes to 7 cm. 1. ; petals yellow tinged with red, 4-5 cm. 1. ; fruit red-purplish, 5-7-5 cm. l.—Britt. Fl. Berm. 255 ; Britt. ill. Eltli. ii. 398, /. 296. Cactus Dillenii Ker-Qawl Bot. Jlcg. t. 255 (1818). Cactier en Raquette Dcscourt. Fl. Ant. vii. 262, /. 513 (1829). Prickly Pear. Possibly occurring in Jamaica. — Coasts of S. Carolina, Florida, Ber- muda, West Indies, east coast of Mexico, northern S. America. Bushy-branched, 1^-5 ft. high. Areoles somewhat elevated. Fruit pear-shaped, edible. 4. 0. Fieus-indiea Miller Gard. Dirt. <>W. Jfc0. /. 336 (under Cactus); Macf . Jam. ii. 174 ; Uriwh. l<»: cit. (mm L.). Cactus erectus . . . temiior &c. lirmrin- J fist. Jain. 238. Harrisia gracilis Britt. Bull. Ton: C7w/» x»a*>, r>63 (1908) ; J5r///. <£• Rose Cact, ii. 151, X'A -21, 222, /. 20, /. 1. H. undata Britt. torn. cit. 564 (1908). Dildo Pear Tree or Small erect Indian Fig Her. J. Lindsay Ic. & Ms. incd. Torch- wood. Plant much branched, to 20 ft. high, dark green. Eibs 9-11, rounded; depressions shallow. Arcoles l'5-2 cm. apart, with 9-16 needle-like spines (sometimes fewer), the longer 2-2 '5 cm. 1. Corolla 20 cm. 1. ; scales of tube greenish brown, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, about 2 cm. 1. ; subtending a few hairs. Perianth-segments : outer pale brown, inner white, denticulate. Fruit depressed-globose, yellow, about 5 cm. L, with fattened tubercles, each of which has a green scale in the middle with or without wool in the axis. The woody centre of the stems after the decay of all the soft parts " is used for a torch by the Indians to catch fish in the night time ; they hold it out of the ends of their canoes lighted, and, the fish leaping at it, strike them with their instruments, and great plenty of them are caught so." (Sloane.) The fruit is sometimes served up at table with other fruit. (Browne.) C. eriophorus Herb. Berol. ex Pfeiffer Enum. 94 (1837) ; Pfciffcr & Otto Cact. t. 22, according to Grisebach, occurs in Jamaica. It is very similar to the previous species, but the flowers are rather smaller, and the inner perianth-segments are entire. Griseb. loc. cit. ; Harrisia eriophora Britton Bull. Ton: Club xxxv. 562 (1908) ; Britt. & Eosc Cact. ii. 149, fig. 215, t. 18. 3. C. triangularis Haw. Syn. PL Succ. 180 (1812); Macf. Jam. ii. 175; Griseb. loc. cit. Ficus indica folio triangulari &c. Sloane Cat. 196 . PL 468 (17f>3). C. debilis &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 238. Hylocereus triangularis Britt. & Eose Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. xii. 429 (1909) & Cact. ii. 192, f. 269. Strawberry Pear Rev. J. Lindsay Ic. & Ms. ined. (Fig. 108, c.) Prickly Withe, God Ochra. On trees in Savanna woods near St. Jago de la Yega Sloane (specimen in Herb. vii. 83* from Philip Miller, Chelsea Garden) ! Wright ! On rocks, stone-walls, &c. Macfadyen; Westphalia road, near Cinchona, J.P. 1380, Morris ! High-climbing or creeping plants, sharply 3-angled, 3-4 cm. br. ; giving off numerous long aerial roots. Areolcs about 2 cm. apart, with a few short spines, 6-8 together. Flowers 20 cm. 1. or more, opening at night, white. Perianth-segments: outer to 10 cm. L, linear; inner shorter and broader. Scales on the ovary and tube linear from a broad base, green, 2-5 cm. 1. Fruit crimson, with large persistent scales, edible, 10 cm. 1. Withes are made from the stems. Fruit used as a substitute for ochras, and even served up at table with other fruit. (Browne.) 4. C. grandiflorus Miller Gard. Diet. ed. 8 (1768) & Ic. t. 90, Bot. 31<«j. t. 3381 ; Macf. Jam. ii. 17 5 ; Griseb. loc. cit. C. gracilis Cere us CACTACE^E 28] etc. Trcic PL Ehrrt. tt. 31, 32. Cactus grandiflorus L. Sp. PL 467 (1753) ; Dose. FL Ant, /. L>77, /. 65. Selenicereus grandiflorus Britt. A Eosc Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb, xii 430 (1909) *fe Cnct. ii 197, /. 32. /'. 3, t. 33. Climbing Indian Fig E Fruit of C. trianitiihiria Haw. JB, Flower cut lengthwise X 5. I), Seed of (?. grandiflorus Haw. (A, B after Trew ; C after Scliuiuauu ; D after Schleiden.) J. Lindsay Ic. di M*. inc/r.s small, 5-12 spines, 5-7(-10) nun. 1., intermixed with longer hairs. l\ riii. 1., opening at night, fragrant; tube 12-13 cm. 1. ; scales of ti, and ovary strap-shaped, light yellow, 5-14 mm. 1., with long brownish hairs in axils. Perianth-segments: outer narrow, salmon-coloured, irn. much broader and shorter, white. Fruit roundish-ovoid, 5(-B) cm. 1., orange-coloured or yellow, covered with scales aud clusters of spines and hairs which soon drop off. This plant, and especially the flowers, is paid to be a remedy in functional heart disease; see Phatm. Journ. lix. (4th ser.. v.) 1G5 (1897). 5. C. flagelliformis JfiMr metimes tinged with red), transparent. Seeds several, black, about 1 mm. 1. _. R. jamaieensis Jlrin. <(• II Cart. //-. 242, /. 22, /. 4. R. Swartziana (Iriseb. loc. cit. (non Pfciff,} (in part, so far as regards "\Vull- M-lilaegel's specimen, fide Urban). R. sp. Urb. Symb. Ant. /•/. 109. ( >]>imtia non spiiiosa etc. Sloane Cat. *21G &, Hist. ii. 159. Cactus initis etc. Browne Hist. Jam. 237. C. Phyllanthus L. Amcen. v. .">79 (1760) (only as regards Browne's plant). Sloane Herb. vii. 84! Wright \ Wullschlaegel (fide Urban); Claverty Cottage, northern slope of Blue Mts., J.P. 1352, Hart \ Ramble, Clare- mont Fawcctt 7f>l, lO.OJ:-*, 11,185, 11,218. Slirub 3-4 ft., or /?w 15-30 ft. 7,rn«';itli. papery, puberulous beneath . -prriully on midrib. 1't-il uncle 1-5 cm. 1., not branched. Flowers sonn:- times apparently monoecious, white, greenish-\vliite or yellowish-white, shortly stalked or subsessile, in a head. J'l'ritDitli-f/ihf: male narrowly funnel-shaped, about 8 mm. 1. ; female stalk-like below, bell-shaped above, \ mm. 1. Perianth-lobes: male 4 mm. 1., female 2-2*5 mm. 1., acute. Fruit ellipsoidal, 1'4-1'S cm. 1., yellowish-white or milky white. Browne probably includes both species under " Arbor cortice &c." He -ays the bark makes very good ropes; it is fine, and spreads something like lace-bark ; the seeds have a sharp biting taste. 2. D. tinifolia Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 278 (1860). D. tinifolia v. Cumingii Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 523 (1856). D. americana Urb. in Arkiv for Botan. xvii. no. 7, 44 (1921); Fawc. & Hendle in Jonrn. Bot. Ixiii. 51 (1925). Daphne tinifolia Sw. Prodr. 63 (1788) cfe FL Ind. Occ. 683. Arbor cortice etc. Browne Hist. Jam. 372 (in part). Specimen from Swartz in Herb. Mus. Brit. Specimen in Herb. Kew. named by Grisebach. In fl. May-Nov. ; in fr. Sept. -Oct. ; Wright I highest mountains, Swartz ! Macfadyen ! Cuming ; Great Valley, Manchester, Pur die ! Moneague, Prior ! March \ Jenman ! Cinchona, J.P. 1281, Morris \ Whit- field Hall, Blue Mts., 2500 ft.; Hound Hill, S. Cruz Mts., 2000 ft.; Peckham, Clarendon, 2300 ft. ; Worthy Park, St. Catherine, 1200 ft. ; Harrisl Fl. Jam. 6478, 9700, 11,084, 11,231.— Hispaniola. Tree, 15-30 ft. high. Leaves 6-12 cm. 1., oblong-lanceolate, elliptical, or roundish-elliptical, glabrous : petioles 5-10 mm. 1. Peduncles 1-3-times forked, silky-puberulous or glabrescent. Flowers greenish-yellow or yellowish-white. Male flowers : sessile. Perianth-tube to 9 mm. 1., stalk- like below, becoming wider above, perianth-lobes to 2 '5 mm. 1., recurved. Female flowers : Perianth-tube 4-5 mm. 1., stalk-like below, bell-shaped above ; lobes 1 mm. 1., spreading. Fruit 11-13 mm. 1., ovoid, apex pointed, crowned with the persistent style and stigma, shortly stalked. D. earibsea Griseb. (loc. cit.) differs in the flowers being smaller : male perianth-tube 7 mm. 1., lobes 2 mm. 1. ; female perianth-tube 2 mm. 1. (stalk-like part very short or wanting), lobes 1 mm. 1. ; fruit about half as large. It is a native of the Lesser Antilles, and Margarita. FAMILY LXXXY. LYTHRACE^. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with twigs often 4-angled. Leaves generally decussate, sometimes whorled or alternate, entire. Stipules minute or wanting. Flowers usually hermaphrodite and regular (irregular in Cuphea), usually solitary or cymose, rarely paniculate. Calyx usually free, persistent, generally tubular or bell-shaped, with 3—12 valvate, primary teeth or lobes, sometimes with as many accessory teeth or lobes. Petals as many as the primary teeth or lobes of the calyx, rarely fewer or none, clawed, membranous and wavy, equal or in a few very unequal, overlapping. Disk wanting or ring-like, situated at Cuphea LYTHRACE^ 291 the base or throat of the calyx-tube. Stamens very variable in number, inserted at various heights in the calyx-tube, in one or more series, equal or some smaller or imperfect, of 2 forms in some genera. Ovary free, 2— 6-celled, sometimes becoming 1 -celled through the disappearance of the partitions or the non- development of the other cell. Style simple or none. Ovules indefinite, usually on the axis or the base of the cells, anatropous. Capsule more or less enclosed by the calyx, with 2 or more cells or 1- celled, as in ovary, opening in various ways or not opening ; with many seeds. Seeds usually ascending ; endosperm wanting. Embryo straight ; cotyledons usually flat. Species 450, mostly natives of the tropics, chiefly of America, a few widely dispersed through the temperate regions. Flowers irregular 1. Cuphea. Flowers regular. Flowers in clusters. Capsule bursting irregularly 2. Ammannia. Flowers solitary. Capsule loculicidally 3-6-valved 3. Heimia. 1. CUPHEA Adans. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves usually decussate, occasionally whorled, entire. Flowers solitary or in racemes simple or compound with alternate branches, often leafy. Bracteoles 2, wanting in C. ciliata. Flowers irregular, parts in sixes. Calyx : tube long, ribbed, base gibbous or spurred, with oblique mouth, usually coloured. Petals usually 6 (2), wanting in C. platycentra. Stamens unequal, usually 11, ventral 9, dorsal 2 shorter. Ovary usually sessile, with a dorsal disk (rarely cup-like) at the base, unequally 2-celled, one cell smaller and often empty, the partition gradually disappearing ; style with a 2-lobed capitate stigma ; ovules 2 or more inserted on a thread-like placenta adherent to the middle of the partition. Capsule enclosed by the persistent calyx, very thinly membranous, 1 -celled, opening on the side and sometimes protruding through the split side of the calyx ; the columnar placenta free, with few or many seeds. Seeds somewhat flattened-lens-shaped ; coat smooth, leathery ; cotyledons roundish, radicle short. Species about 230, natives of West Indies and tropical and subtropical continental America. Calyx 2-2-5 cm. 1., with subglobose spur. Petals wanting 1. C. platycentra. Calyx usually less than I cm. 1., gibbous at base or with short spur. Petals present. Calyx not exceeding 6 mm. Annual herbs 2. C. Parsonsia. Calyx exceeding 6 mm. Flowers solitary, alternate. Herbs. Perennial, smelling of onions 3. C. Melanium. Annual, viscous 4. C. pctiolata. Flowers opposite in a terminal raceme. Small shrub 5. C. ciliata. u 2 292 FLORA OF JAMAICA 1. C. platycentra Lmmir*' Fl. ) mm. 1. ; flowers solitary, axillarv ; calyx --'2 ' 5 cm. 1., spur subglobose, contracted at base.- Paxton Mug. ./•/'//. 267 (1847); Koelm< in En. 3/V>*. Hut. (lanl. iv. 87 (1893)? Newcastle, 4000 ft., and higher, Lelnnann\ also Eggersl Clutc\ and Jlarrixl Cinchona, J.P. 1373, 'Hart \ and .I/orris! also G. E. Nichols I Blue Mt. Peak, Hitchcock. Fl. Jam. 9143, 11,935.— Mexico. Shrub, 1-3 ft. high when growing in open, but amongst shrubs reaching a height of 6 ft. Leaves 2-4(-8) cm. ]., lanceolate to oblong, stalked or sessile. Calyx bright carmine red, dark violet at apex, mouth and marginal cilia white. Petals wanting. Disk dorsal, deflexed. Stamens 11, 5 protruding from calyx. Style also protruding. Ovules 14-20. Capsule 8-9 mm. 1. Seeds not winged. 2. C. Parsonsia E. Br. ex Steud. Nom. i>45 (1821)* ; annual herbs generally prostrate; flowers when solitary alternate, 2 or 3 together on lateral shoots ; calyx 4-6 mm. 1., in fruit bladder- B C Fig. 113. — Cuphea Parsonsia E. Br. A, Portion of branch in flower x 5. E, Fruit with part of the calyx cut away B, Short flowering branch X 2. X 5. C, Diagram of flower. F, Seed x 5. D, Calyx split open, ovary cut length- G, Embryo X 10. wise, and petals cut across, x 5. (C after Eichler.) like, base gibbous. — JJac/. Jam. ii. 36 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ltd. 269; Koeltne in Engl. Pflanzenreich iv. 216, 122, Jig. 16A, p. 119. Urb. Syrnb. Ant. iv. 436 & viii. 472. C. radicans Macf. Jam. ii. 37. * See E, Br. in Mem. Soc. Wern. i. 65 (1811). Cuphea LY THRACE^ 293 Parsonsia herbacea &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 199, t. 21, /. 2. P. Parsonsia Britt. & Millsp. Bali. Fl. 300. P. radicans Eitchc. in Hep. Miss. Bot. Gard. iv. 87 (1893). Ly thrum Parsonsia L. Sijst. ed. 10, 1045 (1759) and Amcen. v. 379; Sw. Obs. 193. Specimen (type) from Browne in Herb. Linn, named by Linnseus. (Fig. 113.) Browne I Wright \ SJiakespearl Masson ! Bancroft I Macfadyenl Distin I Pedro district, St. Ann, Purdiel March I Moneague, Priori Kamble, Claremont, 1700 ft., Fawceit & Harris I Port Morant, Hitchcock ; Port Antonio; Mandeville, 2200 ft.; Tyre, near Troy, 2000 ft.; near Spanish Town ; Harrisl Knowsley Park, Devon, Miss H. A. Wood I Fl. Jam. 5980, 6223, 7019, 9085, 12,054.— Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, Mexico. Stems 1-3 '5 dm. L, branching. Leaves '5-2 '5 cm. 1., ovate to oblong. Petals equal, pale purple. Stamens 6 (4-9). Ovules 4-5(-ll). Style less than half as long as ovary, enclosed. Capsule 3-4 mm. 1. Seeds narrowly winged. 3. C. Melanium E. Br. ex Steud. Norn. 245 (1821) ; perennial herb smelling of onions ; flowers near the ends of the branches, subsolitary, alternate ; calyx 8-9 mm. 1., gibbous at base, with 12 (or fewer) conspicuous striae and teeth. — Macf. Jam. ii. 36; Koehne torn. cit. 117 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. viii. 471. Melanium herbaceum etc. Browne Hist. Jam. 215. M. alliaceum Spreny. Sijst. ii. 454 (1825). Ly thrum Melanium L. Syst. ed. 10, 1045 (1859) & Amcen. v. 379; Sio. Obs. 193. Wright ! Browne ; Swartz ; Macfadyen. — Lesser Antilles. Stems 1 ft. or more long, prostrate and ascending, branching, puberulous on young stems. Leaves 1-5-3-5 cm. L, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, base acute, scabrous. Petals 4-5 mm. 1., purple, subequal. Stamens 8-10. Seeds 8-4. 4. C. petiolata KoeJtne in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. ii. 173 (1881) & in Engl. Pftanzenreich iv. 216, 152 ; annual herb ; flowers solitary ; calyx about 1 cm. L, spur very short, blunt. — C. viscosissima Jacq. Hort. Vindob. ii. 83, t. 177 (1772); Mac/. Jam. ii. 36; Griseb. loc. cit. (excl. syn. L. Melanium L.). Ly thrum petiolatum L. Sp. PL 446 (1753). Parsonsia petiolata B,usby Mem. Torr. Club v. 231 (1894) ; Britt. & Br. HI FL ii. 473. " This is not uncommon in the neighbourhood of the Bath Garden, as well as of that in St. Andrew" [East's Garden, Gordon Town], Mac- fadyen.— Eastern United States. Herb, very viscous and densely pubescent. Leaves 2-5 cm. L, ovate- lanceolate to lanceolate. Calyx viscous-hispid, purplish or violet, often with purple hairs. Petals rose or purple, 2 dorsal obovato, larger than the ventral. Stamens 11, alternately unequal. Style enclosed. 5. C. eiliata Koelme in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. i. 454 (1881) & in Engl. Pftanzenreich iv. 216, 109, Jig. 14, F on p. 103 (non Ruiz & Pavon) ; small shrub ; flowers opposite in terminal racemes, pedicels 2-5 mm. 1. ; calyx about 8 mm. L, base gibbous. — 294 FLORA OF JAMAICA Cwplica C. il.randra E. Br. in Ail. llort. Kew. -'/-»•>•/. //. -i.V> (1*25); Mnrf. ,!«„!. //. :;s : Griseb. op. cit. 270; Z7r/>. N// /////. J///. /•//'/. -171. ( . rarnnosa >);/•/•////. /or-, <•//. < regards hul>. .Jamaica). Lytlirinn riliatum ,S'w. Prmlr. 76 (17 iV 7-7. //''/. Ocr. F JAMAICA Specimens from S\v;irtx collected in .J;iiii;iiuhsessile. Cahjx 3-5 mm. 1., bell-shaped narrowing at mouth, subglobose in fruit ; lobes distinct but short, accessory lobes 4, often subequalling the lobes. Petals 4, pink. Stamens 4-S(-ll), very shortly exserted. Style nearly as long as the ovary. Capsule completely enclosed by calyx. 3. HEIMIA Link. Shrubs, sometimes arborescent, branches stiff and upright. Leaves decussate or 3 in a whorl, rarely alternate, mostly sessile, entire. Flowers solitary, axillary ; parts of flowers in fives, sixes, Fig. 115. — Heimia salicifolia Link. A. Portion of branch with buds, flowers, C, Fruit enclosed in the persistent and fruits, X ?. calyx x 4. B Flower cut lengthwise x 21. D, Section through C ; c, calyx ; x 4. E, Seeds X 10. or sevens ; pedicels very short or none. Calyx bell-shaped or semiglobose ; primary teeth 6 (5-7), accessory as many, narrower. Petals 6 (5-7), inserted in the calyx-throat, yellow. Stamens Heimia LYTHRACE^E 297 12 (10-18), inserted below the middle of the tube. Ovary 3-6-celled ; style overtopping the stamens ; stigma capitate ; ovules indefinite on. placentas projecting from the central angle of the cells. Capsule enclosed by the calyx, subglobose, 3-6-celled, loculicidally 3-6-valved ; valves bearing the partitions. Seeds obconical. Species 2 or possibly only 1, natives of tropical continental America, one in Jamaica. H. salieifolia Link Enum. Hort. BeroL ii. 3 (1822) ; Link <('• Otto PL Select. Hort. BeroL 63, t. 28 (1820-8) ; Sweet Brit. Flow. Gard. Hi. t. 281 ; Koehne in Fl. Bras. xiii. pt. 2, 202, t. 39, /. 5 & in Engl. Pflanzenreich iv. 216, 241 ; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 271 ; Hook. Ic. PL vi. t. 554 (1843), with H. grandiflora. H. salieifolia v. grandiflora Lindl. in Bot. Beg. xxvii. t. 60 (1841). Nessea salieifolia H. B. & K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. vi. 192 (1823). (Fig. 115.) March ! Castleton district; Mavis Bank, Blue Mts., 3500 ft.; Harris I Fl. Jam. 11,882, 11,972. — Central America and warmer parts of S. America. Low shrub; branches 4-angled. Leaves l'5-7 cm. 1., linear or sub- lanceolate, usually opposite. Calyx 5-7 mm. 1., lobes bending in over the ripe capsule. Petals 12-17 mm. 1., yellow. Lawsonia inermis L. (in an enlarged sense) (L. alba Lam.) is an introduced shrub, now naturalized, 6-20 ft. high ; flowers smelling like mignonette, parts in fours, well known under its common name Henna. It is indigenous probably in north and east Africa, and west and south Asia, now cultivated or naturalized throughout the tropics. Lagerstrcemia speciosa Pers. (L. Flos-Eeginx Retz.), the Queen's Flower Tree, is a native of east Asia, Philippines, Moluccas, north- east Australia. It is a tree 20-60 ft. high with showy flowers, cultivated in many tropical countries; parts of flowers in sixes, petals purple-lilac, sometimes white. It is found naturalized in pastures, an escape from gardens. FAMILY LXXXVI. LECYTHIDACE^. Trees usually of large size. Leaves alternate, generally in bunches at ends of twigs ; without stipules. Flowers generally in axillary or terminal racemes or panicles, sometimes solitary or in clusters on the trunks. Sepals 4-6 (2), generally free, over- lapping in bud. Petals 4-6, overlapping, springing from a ring- like disk round the top of the ovary. Stamens more or less united at the base borne on the disk above the petals, numerous, in several whorls, often partly sterile, bent inwards in the bud ; anthers generally basifixed, usually short, and opening at the sides. Ovary generally inferior, occasionally semisuperior, 2-6-celled ; ovules ascending, hanging, or horizontal ; style generally simple. Fruit fleshy or capsular. Seeds generally large, one to indefinite. Endosperm wanting. Embryo often imdifferentiated . Species 140, natives of the tropics. 298 FLORA <>K -JAMAICA Griaa GRIAS L. Hi"h tirrs, <'rowm«' iti streams or moist places: branches O * O ~ •*• falling «»tf below, leaving the trunk bare, with only the apex bearing brandies. Leaves alternate, crowded at the ends of branches, often very long, pinnate-veined, entire or obscurely sinuate-toothed. Flowers in dusters on the trunk and branches, with very short stalks. Calyx : tube top-shaped ; limb cup- shaped, at first subentire, at length bursting irregularly into 2-4 persistent lobes. Petals 4, rarely 5, spreading. Stamens indefinite, inserted in indefinite series on a thick cup-like disk ; filaments thick angular, bending towards the centre and forming a globular mass ; anthers small, cells distinct, opening longitu- dinally. Ovary inferior, 4-celled ; style wanting or shortly conical, stigmas 4, cruciform ; ovules 2-4 in each cell, hanging. Fruit at first fleshy, becoming woody-fibrous, ovoid, crowned by the calyx-limb. Seed generally one, hanging, coat thick. Species 4, one a native of Jamaica, the rest natives of tropical S. America. Fig. 116.— Grias cauliflora L. A, Buds on a piece of bark X 1|. C, Flower, upper part, cut in two, x Vt. B, Bud cut lengthwise x 2. D, Fruit X r;. W. Indies 211. Palmis affiiiis &c. Sloane Cat. 179 & Hist. ii. 122, it. 216, 217. Calophyllum? foliis etc. Browne Hist. Jam. 245; A. Robinson Ic. & Ms. ined. The genus and species are founded Grias LECYTHIDACE^E 299 on Sloane's plates and description. Specimen from Swartz in Herb. Mus. Brit. (Fig. 116.) Anchovy Pear. Sloane Herb. vii. 56, 57! Swartz ! White R, Prior! Cult. Hope Gardens, Harris \ — Ecuador? (Guppy torn. cit. 212). Tree, 20-50 ft. high, tapering upwards. Leaves 2 dm. to 1 m. 1. and more, 5-23 cm. br., hanging, oblong-oblanceolate to oblong-elliptical. Flowers fragrant, springing from the trunk or branches below the leaves. Calyx about 3 mm. 1. Petals oblong-elliptical, 1-5-2 cm. 1. Fruit 7-9 cm. 1., elliptical, 8-ribbed. Seed 3 '5-5 cm. 1., fleshy, tough. FAMILY LXXXVII. RHIZOPHORACE^E. Trees and shrubs, usually glabrous. Leaves opposite and stipulate, rarely alternate and without stipules, stalked, thick- leathery, mostly entire. Stipules between the petioles united in pairs, falling very soon. Flowers usually hermaphrodite, axillary ; inflorescences of various forms, generally cymose, rarely solitary. Oalyx hypogynous to epigynous. Sepals 3-14, valvate, persistent. Petals as many as the sepals, generally concave or involute, embracing the stamens, often clawed, limb usually lobed or fringed, folded inwards in the bud. Stamens generally numerous, often opposite to the petals in pairs, inserted on a lobed perigynous or epigynous disk, sometimes sterile. Ovary inferior in Rliizophora, free in Cassipourea, 2-5(6)-celled, or the partitions disappearing and 1 -celled. Style simple. Ovules usually 2 in each cell, hanging side by side from the axis above the middle. Fruit leathery or somewhat fleshy, crowned by the calyx, not opening or opening at length septicidally by valves, 1 -celled, with 1 seed, or 2-5-celled, with 1 seed in each cell. Seeds hanging ; endosperm fleshy or wanting ; aril sometimes present. Species 60, natives of tropics. Flowers on forked peduncles. Bracteoles united in form of a cup. Ovary inferior. Embryo without endosperm, radicle perforating apex of fruit persisting on tree 1. Rldzopliora. Flowers solitary or clustered. Bracteoles absent. Embryo immersed in fleshy endosperm 2. Cassipourea. 1. RHIZOPHORA L. Trees ; branches thick, with short stem supported by prop- roots and aerial-roots growing down from the upper branches, marked with the scars of fallen leaves. Leaves elliptical, entire, glabrous. Peduncles '2- or 3-forked, few-flowered. Flowers rather large, leathery. Calyx surrounded by 2 bracteoles united at the base into a cup ; sepals 4, lanceolate, thick and leathery. 300 FLO II. \ <>!•' JAMAICA Petal- I, inserted at the base of a fleshy disk, entire. Stamen - - lL\ inserted with the petals, filaments very short; anther- with numerous round pollen->;ies. at length 'J-val\ed, Ion-', aemninate. Ovary half-inferior, 2-celled, prolonged above the ealyx into a fleshy cone; style awl-shaped, with a 'J-toothed Fig. lYi.—Rhizophora Mangle L. A, Portion of branch with leaves, flowers, and germinating fruits, reduced. B, Diagram of flower. C, Flower cut lengthwise x V. D, Petal with two stamens x 3. E, Stamen x 4. F, Stamen cut across, enlarged. G, Fruit beginning to germinate, some- what reduced. H, Fruit cut lengthwise of R. conjugate L. , showing the abortive cell on left ; c, cotyledon surrounded by endo- sperm ; //, hypocotyl which has grown out into the cavity of the fruit ; nat. size. I, Later stage of ditto in germination ; s, sheath of cotyledon from which the hypocotyl, h, bearing the plumule, p, has separated. (A, B, C, G after Baillon ; F after Fl. Bras. ; H, I after Kerner.) Ehizophora KHIZOPHORACE^E 301 stigma. Fruit leathery, surrounded above the base by the reflexed sepals, 1-celled, 1 -seeded. Embryo without endosperm ; cotyledons doubled up together ; radicle long and club-shaped, perforating the apex of the fruit while still on the tree, descending towards the mud. Mangrove. Species 3-5. Common on muddy tropical sea-shores. R. Mangle L. Sp. PL 443 (1753) & Amcen. v. 379 ; Jacq. Sel Stirp. Amer. 141, t. 89 & Ed. pict. t. 132; Wriylit Mem. 273; Macf. Jam. ii. 22 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 274 ; EngL in PL Bras, xii.pt. 2, 426, t. 90; Small FL S.E. U.S. 834; Urb. Si/mb. Ant. iv. 437 & viii. 474 ; Guppy Plants. . . W. Indies &c. 96 ; Britt. Fl. Berm. 265 ; Britt. & Mill*p. Bah. FL 308. R. utrincjue &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 211 ; A. Robinson Ic. inrd. Mangle pyri &c. Sloane Cat. 155 & Hist. ii. 63. Candela americana &c. Catesly Car. ii. t. 63. Mangrove Gosse Nat. Sojourn Jain. 245. Specimen in Herb. Linn, named by Linnaeus. (Fig. 117.) Sloane Herb. vi. 62 ! Houstoun ! Shakespear ! Ferry River, Ligrianea plain, Campbell \ also Harris I Falmoutli, Miss A. Moulton- Barrett \ Port Morant, Hitchcock. — Muddy sea-shores and estuaries in West Indies, tropical continental America, West Africa, and islands in Pacific. Tree, 10-50 ft. high; roots shooting out above the base, curving out- wards and downwards into the mud in the form more or less of the quadrant of a circle. Leaves 7-15 cm. 1. and more, shining green ; stipules 2 '5-4 cm. 1. Calyx about 1 cm. 1. Petals yellow. 7-8 mm. L, villose on inside chiefly below apex. Stamens 8, about 5 mm. 1. Fruit 2 '5-3 -5 cm. 1. Seeds usually one, occasionally 2 or 3 seeds are developed. The wood is hard and makes good posts, lasting for many years sunk into the earth ; it has also been used for piles. The bark is used for tanning leather, especially sole-leather. 2. CASSIPOUREA Aubl. Trees or shrubs, glabrous. Leaves entire or sinuate-crenate, pinnate-nerved, stipulate. Flowers solitary or clustered, white, shortly stalked ; pedicels with very small ovate densely pilose bracteoles at the base. Calyx perigynous, free, bell-shaped, 4-5-lobed, in Jamaican species outside glabrous, inside densely covered with silky adpressed hairs. Petals 4-5, inserted at the bottom of the calyx at the base of a cup-shaped crenulate disk, clawed, spathulate, fringed above. Stamens 10-40, inserted on the margin of the disk. Ovary densely silky-pilose, 3-4-celled, sometimes 1-celled. Style simple, with stigma 3-4-lobed. Fruit ovoid, somewhat fleshy, 3-4-celled, at length opening septicidally. Seeds with an aril, angled, coat leathery ; endosperm fleshy ; embryo straight with Hat cotyledons. Species 63, natives of the West Indies and tropical S. America irom Panama to northern Brazil. 302 FLORA OF JAMAICA Cassipour< fica. Pedicels about 3 mm. 1. Leaves, base obtuse 2. C. Lriltoniana. Flowers sessile or subsessile. Leaves elliptical, base obtuse 3. C. subscssilis. Leaves ovate, base subcordate or emarginatc 4. C. subcordata. 1. C. elliptica Pmr. Encije. Suppl. //. 131 (1811); Macf. Jam. //. '24 ; Grisel. FL Br. W. JW. L'74 (excl. vars. ft, y) ', Enj>y Plant* 06 FLORA. OF JAMAICA Terminalia Tree to 80 ft., with whorlcd horizontal branches. Leaves shortly stalked, obovato or obovate-oblong, apex rounded, sometimes apicular, glabrous above, pubescent with brown hairs or glabrescent beneath ; petioles 1 cm. 1. Xf>ikes axillary; male flowers crowded at apex, herm- aphrodite few, subdistant at base. Calyx tomcntose without, densely hairy within ; lobes triangular, 2 mm. 1. Ovary tomentose, becoming glabrous. Drupe compressed-ellipsoidal, 4-6 cm. 1., about 3 cm. br. ; pericarp with a thick layer of cork-like buoyant tissue. Bark and leaves are astringent and contain tannin. The natives of India make Indian ink by mixing them with iron salts. The kernels are eaten like almonds ; they yield by pressure a valuable oil like almond oil ; and the residual cake is a good food for pigs.] 2. T. arbuscula Sw. Prodr. 68 (1788) cll\ near Falmouth ; Great Morass, Negril ; Grant's Pen near Albion Estate; Harrisl Fl. Jam. 5847, 7170, 10,244, 10,816. — Distribution of genus. Tree, 30-60 ft. high, much branched, the leaf-bearing portions of the branches thickened and showing leaf-scars. Leaves to 9 cm. L, obovate or oblanceolate, tapering to the base, apex rounded or broadly pointed, some- times emarginate, when young finely silky hairy on both sides, or glabrescent ; petioles to 2 cm. 1. Inflorescence tawny-tomentose. Calyx x 2 80S I l.oKA or JAMAICA glabrous within. >•'////-• with tuft of hair- at base. Druf' about G mm. L, ovate-conical, ubli. Button Tree, Button }1 a 1 1 gr < > v e, Button Wood. Mangrove swamps, also sandy and rocky shores; Sloane 1 lerb. v. 63 ! Houston n I Unnon'l ]\'right\ Brought on \ Shakcspcarl Masson\ near Kingston, McNabl Priori Ferry; Lirne Key; Drunken Man Key; Campbell 1 Port Antonio, Harris I Fl. Jam. 6049,6177 ; Kingston; Lucea ; Hitchcock. — Distribution of genus. Tree or shrub, 10-20 ft. high, erect or prostrate and trailing over rocks ; very variable. Leaves 4-7(-9) cm. 1., lanceolate to elliptical, acute, narrowed into petiole, often decurrent, glabrescent or glabrous. Calyx 5-cleft to one-third, about 1 mm. 1. Fruit 7 mm. across the wings ; exocarp thin, impervious ; endocarp of spongy air-bearing tissue outside with a hard layer inside. Wood very hard, heavy, strong and close-grained, dark, yellow-brown, with thin lighter coloured sapwood ; a cubic foot of dry wood weighs nearly 62 Ibs. ; it burns slowly like charcoal, and is highly valued for fuel. Bark bitter and astringent, used for tanning, and in medicine as an astringent and tonic (Sargent). Used in building boats and barges, also for shelving, being very durable when grown on dry ground ; it is also used to make charcoal for forges (Cook and Collins). Var. serieea Griseb. loc. cit. leaves larger (to 10 cm. 1.), lanceolate, covered with silky tomentum. — Mangle foliis . . . holosericea &c. Sloane Hist. ii. 67, t. 187, /. 2. Old Harbour Sloane Herb. vi. 64 ! Pedro Bluff ; coast between Portland Point and Rocky Point; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 9814. 5. LAGUNCULARIA Gaertn. f. Shrub or tree. Leaves opposite, thick and leathery, oblong, ovate-oblong, or elliptical, obtuse, faintly veined, with minute glands on both sides near the margin and 2 glands at apex of petiole. Flowers mostly hermaphrodite, a few male intermixed sometimes, small, distant from one another on axillary spikes and on a terminal panicle usually of 3 spikes, the central one sometimes 3-branched ; inflorescence tomentose. Bracteoles 2, scale-like, below the calyx. Calyx cup-like, 5-cleft to the middle, persistent. Petals 5, roundish, soon falling. Stamens 10 in 2 series ; anthers cordate, versatile. Ovary crowned by the disk ; stigma obscurely 2-lobed Ovules 2. Fruit crowned by the calyx, elongate-obovoid, unequally ribbed, the 2 lateral ribs produced into narrow wings, 1 -seeded ; exocarp leathery outside, corky inwards ; endocarp thin and brittle. Seed oblong ; coty- ledons green, convolute. Species 1, native of the shores of the West Indies, eastern tropical America, and tropical W. Africa. L. raeemosa Gaertn. f. Fruct. Hi. 209, t. 217 (1805); Macf. Jam. ii. 19 : Griseb. FL Br. W. Lid. 276 ; Eicld. in Fl. Bras. xw. pt, 2, 102,'*. 35, f. 3; Sarg. Silva v. 29, t. 203; Small Fl. S.E. U.S. ed. 2, 831 ; Cook & Coll. Contrib. U.S. Nat. Hb. viii. 173, t. 43 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 440 & viii. 477 ; Guppy Plants. . . Laguncularia COMBRETACE.E 311 W. Indies dx. 221; Britt. & Milltp. Bah. Fl. 301. Mangle julifera foliis ellipfcicis ifec. Sloanc Hist. ii. 66. Conocarpus foliis elliptico-ovatis &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 159. C. racemosa L. $//sf. B Fig. 122. — Laguncularia racemosa Gaertn. f. A, Portion of branch with leaves and B, Flower cut lengthwise ; 6, bracteole ; flowers X f . X 6. C, Fruit cut lengthwise ; w, \ving ; X !}• ed. 10, 930 (1759) ; Jacq. Sel Stirp. Amer. 80, t. 53 & Ed. put. t. 79 ; Sw. Obs. 79. C. procumbens L. Amain, v. 377 (non Syst.). Specimen in Herb. Linn, named by Linnaeus. (Fig. 122.) White M a n g r o v e. In marshy places on the sea-coast; Sloane Herb. vii. 3! Wright I Broughton\ Lane\ Ferry, Campbell ! PortMorant; Port Antonio; Hitch- cock ; Lime Key ; Ferry ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 5852, 8275, 8276.— Distribution of genus. Shrubby small tree, but sometimes reaching 60 ft. in height. Leaves 5-11 cm. 1., glabrous; petioles -5-2 cm. 1. Calyx 2 mm. 1. Petals not longer than the calyx, roundish, scarcely clawed. Fruit l'5-2 cm. 1. " This plant is as a rule merely semi-viviparous ; only in rare instances does one find the radicle protruding from the fruit on the tree. Generally the dark-green embryo does not effect more on the plant than the rupture of the thin seed-coats, the protrusion of the hypocotyl taking place shortly after the fruit has dropped on the mud or into the water." (Guppy.) Wood heavy, hard, strong, close-grained, dark yellow-brown with lighter coloured sapwood ; a cubic foot of dry wood weighs 45 Ibs. Bark contains a large amount of tannic acid, and is sometimes used in tanning leather, and as an astringent and tonic. (Sargent.) FLORA t'K JAMAICA Conthnlum 6. COMBRETUM L. Trees or shrubs, usually climbing. Leaves usually opposite, rarely 3 or 4 in a whorl, stalked, usually membranous, entire. Flowers hermaphrodite or male irregularly mixed, in spikes or racemes, sometimes on one side only of the rhachis, the spikes or racemes often paniculate. Calyx bell-shaped, 4(-5)-cleft or toothed, soon falling. Petals 4 (5), small, inserted between the lobes of the calyx, and falling away with it. Stamens 8 or 10, in 2 series. Ovary ovoid or oblong, 4-5-angled, constricted under the calyx. Ovules 2-6. Fruit leathery or somewhat spongy, not opening, 4-6-angled or 4-6-winged, wings usually mem- branous, 1 -seeded. Cotyledons angled, folded, twisted and folded, or deeply furrowed. Species about 350, from tropical and subtropical regions, excluding Australia and Polynesia. Leaves 12-25 cm. L, 9-11 crn. br., elliptical, shortly and abruptly acuminate, base auriculate, auricles over- lapping petiole 1. C. Bobinsonii. Leaves 8-12 cm. L, 2 '2-3 '8 cm. br., oblong or lanceolate, apex obtuse, mucronate, narrowed to tbe obtuse base 2. C. Marchii. 1. C. Robinsonii Faioc. & Itendle in Jonrn. Bot. Ixiii. 115 (1925). Combretum A. Robinson Mss. d- Ic. ined. C. laxum Sw. Obs. 143 (1791) (non Jacq.) 1 ; Nacf. Jam, ii. 20. C. Jacquini Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 275 (I860)' (only with reference to Macf. Jamaica). (Fig. 123, D.) Ked Withe. Banks of river to windward of Lucea and in morass near Pauls Island, Westmoreland, Robinson ; thickets at west end of island, Macfadyen ; banks of Black river, near Lacovia (leaves and fruit only) Harris \ Shrub, stem climbing to a height of 30-50 ft. over trees, 2 inches in diam., bark reddish-brown. Leaves 12-25 cm. 1., 9-11 cm. br., elliptical, shortly and abruptly acuminate, base auriculate, auricles overlapping the short ('5 cm.) tomentose petiole. Calyx cup-shaped, 4-toothed, villose within. Petals 4, transversely elliptical, clawed, whitish-yellow, nearly as long as the calyx-tube. Stamens 8, of varying lengths, as long as, or slightly exceeding, the petals. Style as long as the stamens, with acute apex. Fruit 4-winged, 3-4 cm. L, shortly pedicellate. Seed 4-furrowed, surface rough. Flowers not seen ; the description is taken partly from that of Robinson and Macfadyen, and partly from Robinson's drawing. 2. C. Marehii Fawc. , Fruit of C. Robinsonii X jj. B, Flower x 5'. 3 mm. 1. Style as long as the stamens. Ovary 1-7 mm. 1., densely ferrugineo-tonientose. Fruit not known. Quisqualis indica L., a native of Malaya and northern India, is common in gardens and on adjoining fences. It is remarkable for the very long calyx-tube (1^-2^ inches long). The 5 petals are rose or scarlet; seed- about 1 inch with very sharp angles, scarcely winged. FAMILY LXXXIX. MYRTACE^E. Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, usually entire, opposite (in AN'. Indian species), rarely alternate, with resinous or pellucid glandular dots, sometimes small with one or more nerves, sometimes larger, pinnate-nerved. Stipules usually wanting. 314 FLORA OF JAMAICA Psidium Inflorescence simple, racemose, or racemose-paniculate, rarely cymose, axillary or subterminal when the terminal bud is not developed. Bracts solitary at the base of the peduncles, or overlapping when the lower flowers are not developed. Bracteoles - opposite, often quickly dropping, rarely wanting. Flowers generally regular or subregular, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Calyx : tube (receptacle) adherent to the ovary at the base or even to the insertion of the stamens ; limb generally equally divided into 4-5 lobes or segments, overlapping in bud, some- times subentire and truncate, or undivided in bud and splitting valvately in the flower. Petals 4-5 (6), or fewer, or wanting, inserted at the margin of a disk, in the bud generally broadly overlapping, and forming a globe, the outer often wholly enclosing the inner, sometimes more or less united, or doubled together like a cap, which drops off during flowering. Disk clothing the calyx-tube, the margin bearing the stamens forming a thin ring or broad and thick almost closing the mouth of the calyx. Stamens generally indefinite, inflexed or involute in bud, variously inserted in one or more series on the disk. Anther : connective with a small globular gland, or sometimes prolonged. Ovary inferior, or sometimes half -inferior, sometimes 1 -celled, more often with 2 or more cells, with the placentas attached to the axis. Style simple with small terminal capitate stigma. Ovules 2 or more on each placenta. Fruit sometimes inferior or more or less superior, sometimes a loculicidal capsule, (in ~W. Indian species) a berry or drupe. Seeds one or more ; endosperm usually none. Species about 2750, mostly in the tropics and Australia, a few in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere and in extra-tropical Africa. Calyx-limb in bud undivided, during flowering splitting irregularly or down to the disk 1. Psidium. Calyx-limb in bud undivided, during flowering falling off like a lid 2. Calyptranthcs. Calx-limb in bud with 4 or 5 lobes, during flowering not splitting deeper. Calyx-lobes 4. Petals 4. Stigma peltate, thicker than style. Ovule 1 in each cell, hanging from apex 3. Pimenta. Stigma small. Ovules few to numerous in each cell, attached to the partition-wall 6. Eugenia. Calyx-lobes 5. Petals 5. Stigma small. Ovules 6-7 in each cell, attached to margin of placenta at top of partition-wall 4. Amomis. Ovules 2 in each cell, side by side 5. Mijrcia. • 1. PSIDIUM L. Trees, shrubs, or rarely undershrubs. Flowers generally somewhat large, usually 1-3, cymose, on axillary peduncles. Psidium MYRTACE.E 315 Calyx-lobes wanting or 4 or 5 ; undivided in bud in Jamaican species ; during flowering usually splitting valvately to the disk. Petals 4 or 5, spreading. Stamens numerous, usually in indefinite series on a broad disk, free. Ovary 4-5(2-7)-celled ; stigma peltate or capitate ; ovules indefinite in each cell, attached to a central placenta, often 2-cleft. Berry crowned, or not, by the calyx. Seeds somewhat kidney-shaped, with a hard coat; embryo curved, horseshoe-shaped, or almost a ring, with a very long radicle and small cotyledons. Species about 120, natives of the West Indies and sub- tropical and tropical America, one cultivated in the tropics of the whole world. Leaves elliptical, elliptical-oblong, or elliptical- lanceolate. Leaves (beneath), inflorescence and young branches pubescent or velvety. Buds constricted under calyx. Lateral leaf-nerves many (more than 10) ; midrib and veins impressed on upper surface 1. P. Guajava. Lateral nerves usually less than 10 ; midrib and veins scarcely impressed on upper surface [P'. guineense.~\ Leaves and inflorescence glabrous. Buds not con- stricted under calyx 2. P.montanum. Leaves roundish. Leaves petiolate. Ovary 4-5-celled 3. P. albescens. Leaves sessile. Ovary 2-celled 4. P. Harrisianum. 1. P. Guajava L. Sp. PL 470 (1753) & Amcen, v. 379 ; Url). in Engl. Jalirl). xlx. 565, Sijmb. Ant. iv. 441 & viii. 478; Cook & Coll. in Contrib. U.S. Nat. Eb. viii. 224 ; Britt. Fl Berm. 262 ; Britt. <\- Millsp. Bali. Fl. 307. P. pyriferum L. 82). PL ed. 2, 672 (1762) ; Lun. Hort. Jam. L 350 ; Wright Mem. 278 ; Descourt. Fl. Ant. it. 20, t. 72 ; Bot, Eeg. t. 1079 ; Macf. Jam. ii. 106. P. pomiferurn L. Sp. PL ed. 2, 672 (1762); Tussac Fl. Ant. ii. 92, t. 22. P. Guava Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 241 (1860). P. fruticosum &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 238. P. fragrans Macf. Jam. ii. 108 (1850). Malo punicge &c. Sloane Cat. 198, 199, 200, & Hist. ii. 161, 163. (Fig. 124.) Sloane Herb. vii. 87 1 Wright ! Cuming ! McNab ! Parnell ! Prior \ Constant Spring ; Bog Walk ; Port Morant ; Hitchcock ; Green Valley ; Hope ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 5117. — West Indies, tropical continental America ; cultivated in Bermuda, Florida, and Old World. Shrub or tree, 15(-20) ft. high ; young branches 4-cornered, these and under side of leaves, peduncles and buds, more or less silky with adpressed hairs or velvety. Leaves 5-12 cm. L, elliptical to oblong, apex acute or obtuse, generally apiculate, base rounded or obtuse, papery, with numerous minute glandular dots, pellucid in very young leaves, on upper surface glabrous or minutely puberulous ; midrib and nerves impressed on upper surface, very prominent beneath, nerves numerous ; petiole 3-5 mm. 1. Flowers solitary or 3 together; pedicels 1-2-5 cm. 1. Buds constricted under the calyx. Calyx at length cleft irregularly; lobes 1-1 '5 cm. 1. 316 n.oR.Y OF JAMAICA /'.s / cm. in uiam., yellow, with red or yellow pulp. A form with narrow nbluiig leaves is /'. (lutijiira v. Cujtirillinn l\ i . A I'rb. in F,ngl. JuJirh. :ri.r. 566 (/'. jmunlitiii Yah], /'. f/' X 2. at ends of branches ; pedicels 4-8 mm. 1. Buds obovoid-globose, with rounded apex or very shortly mucronate. Calyx-tube 2-2 • 5 mm. 1. Petals wanting. Berry globose, 7-9 mm. in diarn., with 3 or 4 seeds, but only one becoming mature. 6. C. umbelliformis Kr. d- Urb. in Engl. Jalirl}. xix. 596 (1895). Vinegar Hill, Blue Mts. ; Harris \ Fl. Jam. 5300, 5998. Shrub or tree, 10-20 ft. high, glabrous ; branchlets of first year com- pressed, not keeled. Leaves 4-5 cm. 1., broadly rhombeo-oval, oval, or the highest oval-oblong, apex very shortly and obtusely acuminate, base wedge- shaped and prolonged into the petiole ; midrib on the upper surface flat or slightly impressed towards the base, nerves on both sides flat or slightly prorninent, veins on the upper surface only evident, reticulate ; with numerous minute dots on both sides, not pellucid, somewhat leathery, margin recurved ; petiole 4-6 mm. 1. Inflorescences many-flowered (15-27), overtopping the leaf ; peduncles 3-5 cm. 1., keeled on edges, crowded several together (4-15), umbel-like at the ends of branches, once or twice 3-forked with 3 sessile flowers at apex. Calyx-tube top-shaped, 2 '5-3 mm. 1. Buds narrowly obovate, apiculate, 3 '5-4 mm. 1. Berry depressed-globose, 5-6 mm. in diam. 7. C. impressa Urb. Synib. Ant. v. 442 (1908). In fl. Aug. ; Mabess river, Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7701. Tree, 26 ft. high, glabrous ; branchlets of this year somewhat com- pressed, not keeled. Leaves 4-5' 5 cm. 1., variable on the same branch, shortly obovate, subrhomboid to ovate-elliptical, apex rounded or obtusely V. Y 322 FLORA OF JAMAICA Calyptrcmthes acuminate, running down as a margin to the petiole ; midrib on upper .surface impressed, prominent beneath, nerves on both sides slightly prominent, veins on upper surface very slightly prominent, not evident beneath ; with numerous minute dots, not pellucid, leathery, margin recurved; petiole 8-5 mm. 1. In/larescenccs few-flowered, overtopping the leaf ; peduncles 1 or 2, 4-7 cm. 1., with 1 or 2 vegetative branches whorled at end of branches, twice 3-forked, the extreme branchlets bearing 3-flowered cymules. Flowers sessile or very shortly stalked (1*5 mm. 1.). Calyx-tube top-shaped, 3 mm. 1. 8. C. acutissima Urb. Syrub. Ant. vi. 22 (1909). In fr. March ; Dolphin Head, 1800 ft., Harris Fl. Jam. 10,270. Tree, 20 ft., glabrous; branchlets of this year slightly compressed, not keeled. Leaves 5-6'5 cm. 1., oblong-lanceolate to elliptical-oblong, acuminate with long and narrow tip, base obtuse or rounded contracted into the petiole and forming a margin to it above ; midrib on upper surface slightly impressed, nerves on upper surface not evident, scarcely so beneath, not pellucid-dotted, leathery; petioles 5-6 mm. 1. Inflorescence (in fruit) equalling the leaf, apparently few-flowered; peduncle 2*5-5 cm. 1. Berry globose, dotted, 7-9 mm. 1., 8-10 mm, br., apparently sessile or with very short pedicel, the branchlet simulating a pedicel 7 mm. 1. 9. C. pallens Griseb. (Vecj. Kar.) in Goett. Abh. mi. 67 (1857) & Fl. Br. W. Ind. 233 ; Urb. torn. cit. 598 & Symb. Ant. viii. 480 ; Britt. d- milsp. Bali. Fl. 307. C. chytraculia Nutt. Sylv. i. 117, /. 26 ; Sary. Silv. v. 36, t. 205 (non Sw.). Eugenia pallens Poir. in Lam. Encyc. Suppl. Hi. 122 (1813). Nuttall's specimen in Herb. Mus. Brit. In fl. April -July ; Wright ! Massonl St. Mary, McNabl near mouth of Yallahs R., Priori March I road to Wareka, Long Mt., Campbelll north side of Long Mt. ; N.E. of Dolphin Head; Harris I Fl. Jam. 5693,8943, 10,313. 11,216.— Florida and Keys, Cuba, Cayman Is., St. Thomas, St. Croix, Guadeloupe. Shrub 12 ft. or tree 25 ft. high ; branches slightly 2-edged, when young usually more or less slightly reddish-tomentose. Leaves 3-7 '5 cm. 1., lanceolate to elliptical, acuminate, base wedge-shaped, with very short tomentum on young leaves especially heneath and petioles, later glabrate, ashy-grey colour beneath ; midrib on upper surface impressed, nerves and veins flat or scarcely prominent on upper surface, slightly prominent beneath, with dots scarcely any pellucid, thick papery, margin slightly recurved ; petioles 4-8 mm. 1. Inflorescences with reddish velvety tomentum, much longer than the leaf, with numerous flowers ; peduncles 2*5-4 cm. 1., rising 2-5 together umbel-like from a terminal node or from axils, occasionally accompanied by a vegetative branch, forming a panicle with clusters at ends of branchlets of sessile or shortly stalked flowers ; branches of panicle erect-diverging. Buds obovoid with rounded apex, velvety-tomen- tose. Calyx-tube 2 mm. 1. Petals wanting. Berry globose-depressed, 4 (or more) mm. in diam., dark red. 10. C. ehytraeulia Sw. Prodr. 79 (1788) & Fl. Ind. Occ. 921 ; 3Iacf. Jam. ii. Ill; Griseb. torn. cit. 232; Urb. torn. cit. 597. Myrtus Chytraculia L. Syst. ed. 10, 1056 (excl. syn. PhiJc.) & Amoen. v. 398, 379. Chytraculia arborea &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 239, t. 37, /. 2. Chytraculia Chytraculia Millsp. Field Mus. Calyptranthes MYRTACE^E 323 Publ. Bot. ser. ii. 80 (1900) ; Small FL S.E. U.S. 833. Specimen in Herb. Linn, named by Linnaeus. Bastard Green Heart. Wright ! Macfadyen \ March ! Prior ! Silver Hill ; Stoneleigh ; Harris ! Cokely, Junction Road, Campbelll Farm Hill, Blue Mts., 3500 ft., Cradivickl Whitfield Hall; Chester Vale; Tyre near Troy, 1500 ft.; Peckham, Clarendon, 2300 ft. ; near Guys Hill, St. Ann, 1800 ft., Harris ! between Bath and Cuna-Cuna Pass, Harris & Britton ! FL Jam. 5031-5035, 5037, 5082, 5085, 5100, 6276, 8654, 8678, 10,557, 11,069, 12,042.— Florida and Keys, Cozumel, Cuba. Tree or shrub, 10-20 ft. high ; branchlets of this year compressed, tomentose with long reddish-brown hairs, later cylindrical, glabrous. Leaves 4 '5-9 cm. 1., ovate to elliptical, apex acuminate with a rather long and narrow tip, base obtuse, base of this year's leaf usually puberulous beneath at base and midrib, later glabrous on both sides, light green beneath ; midrib on upper surface impressed, nerves and veins scarcely prominent on upper surface, slightly prominent beneath, with numerous minute dots seldom evident on either surface, pellucid or not, thick papery, margin flat or slightly recurved; petioles 4-7 mm. L, of this year's leaves tomentose, later glabrescent or glabrate. Inflorescences with reddish velvety tomentum, about as long as or shorter than the leaf and broader than long, with numerous white flowers; peduncles 2-4(-6) cm. L, rising 2-5 together umbel-like from a terminal node or from axils, occasionally accompanied by a vegetative branch, forming a panicle with clusters at ends of branchlets of flowers, sessile or very shortly stalked ; branches of panicle diverging more or less horizontally. Buds obovoid, niucronate, tomentose-villose, becoming glabrescent above. Calyx-tube 2 mm. 1. Petals wanting. Berry globose, 5 mm. in diam. Wood hard and heavy. 11. C. Urbanii Fawc. & Rendle in Journ. Bot. Ixv. 14 (1926). In fr. Sept. ; on banks of Black river between Lacovia and Elarn, Harris ! Fl. Jam. 9846 (in fruit only). Tree, 30 ft. high ; branches of last year glabrous, of this year tomentose, of both years cylindrical or somewhat compressed. Leaves 9-10 cm. L, oval-elliptical, acuminate, base obtuse, tomentose beneath near base and along the midrib; midrib impressed on upper surface, prominent beneath, nerves and veins on upper surface flat or scarcely prominent, slightly prominent beneath, with numerous minute dots scarcely evident, not pellucid except in young leaves ; papery or subleathery, margin flat ; petioles 6-7 mm. 1., tomentose. Inflorescence reddish-tomentose, shorter than the leaf, with few flowers; peduncles 3 -5-5 cm. L, rising 3 together (vegetative branches wanting) from a terminal node, apparently with trichotomous branching, sometimes thrice repeated, with 3 pedicellate flowers at apex; pedicels 5-12 mm. 1., tomentose. Berry 8 mm. in diam., black. 12. C. nodosa Urb. Symb. Ant. v. 444 (1908). R o d w o o d. In fl. June, in fr. July, Aug. ; Crown lands near Troy ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 8711, also berries collected from same tree in July of same year. Tree, 30 ft. high, branches of last year glabrous, subcylindrical, of this year not developed at time of flowering; nodes near apex swollen, 2-5-forked. Leaves 7-15 cm. L, oval-elliptical to elliptical-oblong, apex acuminate, often with the tip long and narrow, generally narrowed at base and running down into the petiole ; midrib on upper surface, chiefly Y 2 324 FI.OKA OK .i A.MAI i A Colyptranthc* near the base, impiv— rd. nerves and veins slightly prominent on both sides, midrib prominent beneatb, nerves forming a continuous marginal nerve', with MTV numerous minute dots, not pellucid, leathery, margin slightly ivrurved or tlat ; petioles 7-5 mm. 1., glabrous. lullorcwnccs reddish-tomentose, much shorter than the leaf, with several flowers ; peduncles i^-5-3'5 cm. 1., rising 3-7 together umbel-like from the terminal nodes without accompanying vegetative branches, 2-8-forked, each braii'-h bearing at apex a cluster of sessile flowers. Buds obovate, reddish- tomentose below, glabrescent above. Calyx-tube 3 mm. 1. J>crry depressed- globose, deformed by insect attack. 13. C. Tussaceana Berg in Linnsea xxvii. 25(1854): Grim It. io'in. <-it. 233 ; Urb. torn. cit. 597, &, Si/mb. Ant. v. 444 in ob*. C. rigida Tits*. FL Ant. Hi. 91, t. 26 (1824) (non Sw.). In fl. Aug. ; mountains, St. Ann, Tussac. Tree, 15 ft. high. Leaves 5-10 cm. 1., ovate or ovate-oblong, narrowed to both ends, glabrous, veins not evident, rigid ; petioles 2-1 cm. 1. Inflorescences shorter than the leaves ; peduncles 1 or 2 in axils of leaves, branching trichotomously or racemosely, with 3-6 sessile flowers at apex of branchlets. Buds top-shaped, 6 mm. 1. Petals wanting. Fruit globose. We have not seen any specimen to correspond with Tussac's description and figure. 14. C. discolor Urb. Symb. Ant. v. 443 (1908). Mountain Bay. In fl. Mar.-May ; slopes of Dolphin Head Mt., Harris I 9264, 10,279. Shriib, 12-20 ft. high; branchlets of this year glabrous, iTfur rowed in the upper part of the internode. Leaves (about 1 ft. 1.) 26-37 cm. 1., 7-10 cm. br., elliptical-oblong, narrowing upwards and long acuminate, apex obtuse, base cordate; midrib on upper surface flat or subimpres^ed below, slightly prominent upwards, nerves and veins prominent on both sides, nerves forming a prominent marginal nerve ; with minute pellucid dots, glabrous on upper surface, with very minute reddish or brownish hairs beneath esp. on midrib, papery, margin flat ; petiole 6-10 mm. 1. Inflorescences 9-10 cm. 1. (No. 10,279) to 3 cm. 1. (No. 9264), paniculate, puberulous with reddish hairs; peduncles 2 opposite, each 1-1*5 cm. above the leaf-axil and subtended by oblong-lanceolate bracts about 1-5 cm. 1., 20 cm. 1. (No. 10,279), or solitary and apparently terminal, 13 cm. 1. (No. 9264). Flowers white, numerous, sessile, in clusters at apex of branchlets and below. Calyx-tube bell-shaped, 1-5 mm. 1. 3. PIMENTA Lindley. Tree, very fragrant. Leaves papery, glandular dots on both -ides. Flowers in many-flowered cymes, branching in threes, in the upper axils. Calyx-tube (receptacle) shortly prolonged above the ovary ; limb with 4 spreading, persistent lobes. Petals 4, spreading. Stamens indefinite, free. Stigma peltate-convex, much thicker than the style. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules 1 in each cell (very rarely 2); hanging from the apex of the inner angle. Berry crowned by the calyx, shortly globose to globose-pea i- shaped, with 2 (rarely 1) seeds. Embryo involuto-spiral in two Piment't, MYRTACE.K 325 coils or two and a half ; cotyledons very short, radicle thick, very long. Species one, native of Jamaica, Cuba, and Central America, <-ultivated in the East Indies. P. offleinalis Llndl. Coll in text to t. 19 (1821) ; Berg Handb. PJicimi. Bot. Hi. 339 (excl. var. cumanensis) (1855) & in Linmea xxi-ii. 422; Bentl. <£ Trim. Med. PL t. Ill ; Niedenzu in EnrjL & C D Fig. 128. — Punenta oficinalis Liudl. A, Portion of branch with leaves and C & C', Similar figures of Amointi caryo- fruit X . phyllata Kr. & Urb. X 7. B, Flower cut lengthwise X 7. D, Berry of Pimento, cut lengthwise. B', Ovary cut at right angles to B X 7. showing section of embryo and an undeveloped cell, enlarged. (D after Engler.) Prantl Pflfam. lit. pi. 7, 71, fig. F-H ; Urb. in Encjl. Jalirlt. zi.r. 571. P. vulgaris Lindl in Lond. Enci/cl. PI. 418 (1829); Grisel. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 240. P. Pimenta Cockerell in Bull. Ton: Bot. Chib xix. 95 (1892); Britt. FL Perm. 263; Britt. <(• Milly. Bali. FLORA OF JAMAICA J'ininifa FL .">i).\ Mvrtus arborea &c. S/oiinr Cat. 101 it ///*/. //. 70, /. 191, /'. \ :~ IIi»ilt. Barb. 1C.. /. 10*. .M.Piraenta L. Sp. PL 472 (1753) & AWWBW. v. 379; H >////S28); JIayc. Barb. 212; Macf. Jam. ii. 12"). Pimento \vin^ in ^reut almndain-o in tin- Wr>t Indies and subtropical and tropical America, and in tropical A^ia. fewer in Australia and Africa. A. Inflorescences centripetal. a. Sepals 4-5 mm. 1. solitary in axils of leaves. Leaves 1-5-3 cm. 1.' Flowers solitary in axils of narrow bract-, usually several close together. ives 2-5-5 cm. 1. Leaves lanceolate- oblong to oval-elliptical, apex obtuse Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate Flowers shortly racemose ; fruiting pedicels 3-3 '5 cm. 1. ; rhachis 5-8 mm. 1. Leaves 5-7 cm. 1., ovate or shortly ovate Flowers in clusters at nodes (usually leafless) or on trunks, pedicels 5-13 mm. 1. Leaves 4-30 cm. 1. ; petioles long. Leaves ovate to ovate-oblong or oval, apex obtuse, base rounded to acute. Sepals ovate Leaves elliptical or oval-elliptical, apex shortly or obtusely acuminate, base ob- tuse or roundish. Sepals roundish Leaves elliptical or ovate-elliptical, narrowed to obtuse apex, base cordate or sub- cordate. Sepals roundish 2. E. lifjustrinn. 3. E. uniflora. 4. E. mandevillensis- 5. E. Marchiana. G. E. ampli folia. 7. E. lampropkylli. E. alpina. 9. E. Macnabiana. b. Sepals less than 4 mm. 1. a. Inflorescence : flowers solitary in axils. Leaves -5-1-5 cm. 1., ovate, leathery 8. Leaves 1-1-5 cm. 1., linear, membranous*... /3. Inflorescences racemose, rhachis more than 1 cm. 1. (sometimes less), a'. Inflorescences puberulous or tomentose. f Infl. 2-5(-7) cm. 1. Pedicels 3-12(-15) mm. 1. Petioles 9-14 mm. 1. Leaves elliptical to oblong-elliptical, scarcely or shortly and obtusely acuminate, nerves slightly pro- minent above, more so beneath. Sepals 3 mm. 1 10. E. Fadyenii. Leaves ovate or ovate-elliptical, broadly acuminate, nerves impressed above. Sepals 1-5 mm. 1 11. E. sulcivenia. Petioles 3-8 mm. 1. Leaves ovate or ovate-elliptical to lanceolate, long and narrowly acu- minate, 3 '5-8 cm. 1., 1-5-3 cm. br., nerves usually impressed above. Sepals 1*5-2 mm. 1 12. E. biflora. var. virgultosa. * The position of E. Macnabiana is uncertain, as the flowers are unknown. Eugenia MYRTACK 331 Leaves lanceolate to ovate-elliptical or elliptical, more or less obtusely acuminate, 3-7 cm. 1., 1 • 5-3 cm. br., nerves scarcely evident or slightly prominent on. both sides. Sepals l'S-2'5 mm. 1., to 3 mm. 1. in fruit 12. E. biflora. Leaves elliptical or roundish-elliptical, generally moderately acuminate, 4-6*5 cm. 1., 2-3'5 cm. br., nerves slightly prominent or flat, rarely slightly impressed above. Sepals 1-5-2 mm. 1. 12. Petioles 2-4 mm. 1. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate with a long tip, 3-6 cm. 1., '7-1 '5 cm. br., nerves not evident nor im- pressed above. Sepals 1-1 '2 mm. 1. 12. E. biflora. var. ludibunda. E. biflora. var. Wallenii. ft Inn. 1-2 cm. 1. Pedicels 3-7 mm. 1. Leaves elliptical to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate with acute tip, 5-7 cm. 1., midrib furrowed-impressed, nerves scarcely or not evident, dots not evident on surface but subpellucid . 13. E. brachythrix. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, acu- minate with obtuse tip, 6-9 cm. 1., midrib slightly impressed, nerves slightly prominent, dots dense, not evident on upper surface, slightly prominent beneath, pellucid 14. E. jamaicensis. Leaves oval-oblong or oblong, acu- minate with tip acute or sometimes apiculate and obtuse, 8-5(-ll) cm. 1., midrib canaliculate-impressed, nerves very slightly prominent or subimpressed, densely tuberculate- dotted 15. E. Alexandri. Leaves ovate- or oblong-elliptical, more or less acuminate, tip acute or mucronate, 6-9 cm. 1., midrib im- pressed, nerves and veins slightly prominent or impressed, dots pellu- cid, not numerous, not conspicuous on upper surface except in young leaves, very few evident beneath .... 16. E. disticlia. b'. Inflorescences glabrous. Rhachis 3-5-l cm. 1. Leaves acuminate. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, tip obtuse. Inflorescence conspicuously glandular 17. Leaves narrowly ovate or ovate-oblong, tip rounded, pedicel 12-6 mm. 1. ... 18. Leaves lanceolate to narrowly ellip- tical, tip obtuse, pedicels 4-6 mm. 1. 19, Leaves ovate, tip acute or mucronate . 20, E. Harrisii. E. crcnata. E. Nicholsii. E. Rendlci. 332 FLORA OF JAMAICA inflorescences shortened racemose, rhachis less than 1 cm. 1. Leaves obovate or oblanceolate. Pedicels 0--5 mm. 1. Sepals -5-1 mm. 1 21. E. buxifolia. Leaves more or less ovate to lanceolate or elliptical. Leaves moderately acuminate. Sepals 1*5 mm. 1. Pedicels 1-3 mm. 1. Leaves 5-7 '5 cm. 1., ovate to ob- long-lanceolate, glabrous, mid- rib furrowed-impressed. Brac- teoles triangular 22. E. abbreviate. Leaves 3 '5-7 cm. 1., ovate-ellip- tical to elliptical, with obtuse tip, glabrous but puberulous on midrib, midrib broad, flat, very slightly impressed near base, slightly prominent near apex. Bracteoles triangular-roundish. 23. E. Scliulziana, Leaves 6-9 cm. 1., ovate- or ob- long-elliptical, puberulous or glabrescent, midrib impressed. Bracteoles ovate, acute 16. E. disticha. Pedicels 4-8 mm. 1. Leaves 3-5 cm. 1., lanceolate or elliptical- lanceolate, tip acute, mucronate. 24. E. Wilsonella. Sepals 1-1-2 mm. 1. Leaves 3*5-8 cm. 1., elliptical, elliptical-oblong, or ovate, glabrous, midrib deeply im- pressed. Bracteoles semicircular. Berry oblong 25. E. glabrata. Sepals -8 mm. 1. Leaves 4-8(-ll) cm. 1., elliptical or broadly ovate to oblong, glabrous, midrib impressed. Bracteoles rounded. Rhachis rarely 11 mm. 1. Berry roundish 26. E. axillaris. Leaves shortly or scarcely acuminate. Pedicels 1-7 mm. 1. Sepals 1-2 mm. 1. Leaves with obtuse tip. Midrib deeply impressed. Pedicels 4-7 mm. 1. Leaves 6-9 cm. 1., elliptical to ovate-elliptical, dots dense, prominent 27. E. isosticta. Midrib impressed in lower half. Pedicels 5-7 mm. 1. Leaves 3-4 '5 cm. 1., elliptical, narrowed to both ends, dots numerous, prominent esp. in first year ... 28. E. Sloanei. Midrib not impressed (or rarely im- pressed). Pedicels 1-5 nim 1. Leaves 1*5-8 cm. 1., ovate to narrowly lanceolate 29. E.monticola. Pedicels 10-15 mm. 1. Sepals 3*5-2-3 mm. 1 30. E.polypora. Leaves acuminate with long linear- lanceolate tip. Pedicels 8-16 mm. 1. Sepals 1 • 5-2 mm. 1 31. E. confusa. Eugenia MYRTACE^l 5. Inflorescences umbelliform, rhachis wanting. Midrib of leaf not, or only slightly, impressed towards base. Leaves 2-5-6 cm. 1. Pedicels 5-17 mm. 1. Petioles 3-6 mm. 1. Sepals 2 • 8-1 • 5 mm. 1. Leaves 2-5-6 cm. 1., ovate to lanceo- late, ovate-elliptical, or rhomboid. Pedicels 5-15 mm. 1 32. E. rhombea. Leaves 2-5-4 cm. 1., elliptical-lanceo- late to lanceolate. Pedicels 10-17 mm. 1 33. E. clarendonensis. Petioles 2-3 mm. 1. Sepals 1 mm. 1. Leaves 2 - 5-4 cm. 1., ovate, elliptical, or subrhomboid, rarely roundish. Pedicels 12-16 mm. 1 34. E. Broiunei. Leaves 5-10 cm. 1. Pedicels 0-2-5 mm. 1. Leaves 5-7 cm. 1., ovate-elliptical to elliptical-lanceolate. Pedicels 0-1 mm. 1. Calyx-tube prolonged be- yond ovary. Sepals 1 mm. 1 35. E. pycnoneura. Leaves 7-10 cm. 1., elliptical or ellip- tical-oblong. Pedicel 1 • 5-2 • 5 mm. 1. Sepals 2-1 mm. 1 36. E. eperforata. B. Inflorescences centrifugal. Calyx-tube subglobose, not prolonged beyond ovary. Flowers small 37. E.fragrans. Calyx-tube top-shaped, produced beyond ovary. Flowers large. Flowers crimson. Leaves elliptical or ellip- tical-oblong [E. malaccensis.'\ Flowers white. Leaves lanceolate [_E. Jambos.~\ 1. E. heteroehroa Urb. Symb. Ant. vii. 299 (1912); glabrous; leaves l'5-3 cm. 1., elliptical or elliptical-oblong, occasionally obovate, apex rounded or subtruncate, sometimes slightly eniar- ginate, base obtuse, midrib * deeply impressed, nerves on upper surface more or less slightly prominent, not evident beneath, veins not evident, with dots pellucid in leaves of the first year, thick and leathery ; petioles 2-3 mm. 1. ; flowers solitary, axillary, occurring 1-4 together, umbel-like at the apex or just below the apex of the branches; pedicels 7-10 mm. 1. ; sepals 4, very unequal, the larger semi-oval, 5 mm. 1., the smaller half -roundish, 3 mm. 1. ; ovules several in each cell ; berries globose, 10-12 mm. in diam. In fl. July; Peckham, Clarendon, 2500 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 10,989, 11,017, 12,807. Shrub, 10 ft. high ; branchlets of the first year glandular-granulate, when older densely tuberculate-granulate. Pedicels glandular-granulate. * The description of the midrib here and later refers to the upper surface. FI.ollA OF JAMAICA Eugenia .Bn. • ! ovate, somewhat obtuse, 1-1-5 mm. 1. Petals white. Ovary glabrous. •2. E. ligustrina WUhl Sp. PL n. 962 (1800); branchlets puberulous, glabrescent; leaves 2*5-5 era. 1., 1-2 cm. br., Lanceolate-oblong or oval-elliptical to oblanceolate or obovate, apex obtuse, base acute, midrib usually impressed, nerves and veins slightly evident, leathery ; petioles 1-5 mm. 1. ; pedicels 1-4 cm. 1., solitary on the lower part of branchlets of the first vear from the axils of the upper lanceolate-linear or narrowly spathulate scales 5-10 mm. 1. (the lowest scales are shorter and more crowded) ; sepals 4-5 mm. 1., recurved, oblong-lanceolate ; ovules in each cell 10-14; berry 6-8 mm. in diam., globose, glandular-dotted, otherwise smooth. — Mayc. Barb. 210; Mac/. Jam. ii 112; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 239; Urb. in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 618, Si/mb. Ant. iv. 446 & viii. 484. Myrtus ligustrina Siv. Prodr. 78 (1788) & Fl. Ind. Occ. 885. Stenocalyx ligustrinus Berg in FL Bras, xiv.pt. 1, 343 (1857). In fr. June- Aug. ; Wright \ Falls river, Port Royal Mts., 2000 ft., Harris \ Fl. Jam. 5231, 5768, 12,562.— West Indies, Brazil. Shrub 6-10 ft. high, or tree 20 ft. Petals white, 8-12 mrn. 1. Berry sweet, scarlet. Seeds roundish, 1-3. Urban identifies with this " Arbor baccifera, myrti folio latiore &c." of Sloane Cat. 172 & Hist. ii. 107. Sloane, however, says " the fruit stands on a small, eighth of an inch long foot-stalk, is like black cherries," which is inconsistent with E. ligustrina. It grew in woods on the Red Hills. Sloane has no drawing of it, and there is no specimen in his Herbarium. It seems to us more probable that it should be placed under E. disticha DC., judging from the length of the pedicel and the description of the fruit. 3. E. uniflora L. Sp. PL 470 (1753) (in part); glabrous; leaves 3 '5-6 cm. L, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, apex usually shortly acuminate, base obtuse to rounded, sometimes subcordate ; midrib flat or slightly impressed, nerves and veins evident on both sides, with numerous pellucid dots, papery, glabrous ; petioles 1-2 mm. 1. ; pedicels 1*5— 3*5 cm. I., solitary or several, approximate on branchlets of first year from the axils of scales ; sepals recurved, linear-oblong ; ovules in each cell 8-14; berry depressed-globose, 8-furrowed or 8-ribbed, up to 2 • 5 or 3 cm. in cliam.— Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 239; Urb. in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 620 & Symb. Ant. viii. 484 ; Britt. FL Berm. 262 ; Britt. & Millsp. Bah. FL 304 ; Bot. May. t. 8599. Myrtus brasiliana L. Sp. PL 471 (1753). Philadelphus arborescens foliis rnyrtineis &c. and P. arb. foliis ovato-acuminatis &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 240, 241. Plinia pedunculata Linn. f. SuppL 253 (1781); Bot. Mag. 473. Stenocalyx Michelii Berg in Linnaea xxvii. 310 (1856) & in FL Bras. xiv. pt. 1, 337. There is a specimen of this species in Herb. Linn, named by Linmeus Myrtus brasiliana. Eugenia MYRTACE^E 335 Surinam Cherry. In fl. Jan., in fr. March ; Port Royal Mts. March ! Pleasant Hill, Port Royal Mts. ; cult. Hope Gardens ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 5080, 10,811. — Guiana, Brazil, Argentina ; perhaps only naturalized in West Indies, Bermuda, and Bahamas ; cultivated in tropics of Old World. Shrub to 13 ft. or tree 15-30 ft. high. Petals white, 8-12 mm. 1. Berry edible. Berries used in making preserves and jellies. 4. E. mandevillensis Urb. Synib. Ant. vii. 306 (1912); glabrous; leaves 5-7 cm. 1., 3 '5-4' 5 cm. br., ovate or shortly ovate, shortly acuminate with an obtuse tip, base rounded or truncate, midrib slightly or scarcely impressed, nerves on upper surface scarcely prominent, beneath with the veins a little more evident, with dots not pellucid, leathery ; petioles 6-8 mm. 1. ; inflorescences shortly racemose with 3—6 flowers, rhachis 5-8 mm. 1., sometimes growing on into a leafy twig with flowers below and leaves above; pedicels in fruit 3-3 '5 cm. 1. ; sepals 4, very unequal, the larger roundish or ovate-roundish, 5 mm. L, the smaller 2 mm. 1. ; 'berries (unripe) globose, 1 cm. in diam. With unripe fr. in Sept. ; Marshall's Pen, near Mandeville, Harris & Britton \ Fl. Jam. 10,600. Shrub or tree to 15 ft. high. Berries densely granular-dotted, not ribbed, glabrous. 5. E. Marehiana Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Incl 238 (1860); glabrous; leaves 9-20 cm. L, 3 '5-10 cm. br., ovate, ovate- oblong, or oval, apex obtuse, rarely emarginate, base rounded, truncate, or acute and prolonged a little into the petiole, midrib impressed or towards the apex a little prominent, nerves and veins on both sides more or less prominent, with dots not pellucid, in older leaves slightly prominent, leathery or papery-leathery ; petioles 10-20 mm. 1. ; flowers 4-20 in a cluster at nodes from which the leaves have usually dropped; pedicels 5-12 mm. 1. ; sepals 4, the longer ovate, 4-5 mm. L, the shorter crescent- shaped or semicircular - triangular 1 • 5-3 • 5 mm. 1. ; ovary 2(3)-celled; ovules numerous in each cell. — Urb. in EngL Jalirb. xix. 652. Manchester, Purdie ! March ! above Cinchona, J.P. 1091, Hart ! also C. Niclwlls ! Vinegar Hill, Blue Mts., Cradwick ! between Morse's Gap and Claverty Cottage, Blue Mts., C. Nicholls & Harris ! Whitfield Hall fields ; Portland Gap, 5550 ft. ; Mabess river, Blue Mts. ; near Troy ; Harris ! wooded slope on S.E. of John Crow (Blake) Mts., Harris & Britton ! Fl. Jam. 50U1, 5002, 5007, 5071, 5072, 5258, 7698, 8551, 10,693. Shrub 10 ft. or tree 20 ft. high ; branches sometimes ristulose. Bracteoles roundish or broadly triangular, apex rounded or obtuse, united at the base, 1-5-3 mm. •!. Petals 7 mm. 1., about 5 mm. br. Berries ellipsoidal or globose, 17 mm. L, 9 mm. thick. It is possible that more than one species is included here, but, as Urban indicates, study of a series of specimens in the field is necessary. '.6 FL'iKA OF .JAMAICA /.'•'. 6. E. amplifolia Urb. #////. Ant. v. 445 (1DOS) ; glabrous; branchlets listulose ; leaves 13-30 cm. 1., 9-12 cm. Dr., elliptical or oval-elliptical, apex obtuse or shortly and very obtusely acuminate, base obtuse or roundish, midrib impressed tmvani^ the base, less so or not at all towards the apex, nerves and veins on both sides prominent, with dots not pellucid in older leaves, papery- leathery ; petioles 15-20 mm. 1. ; flowers in clusters <>n trunk and at nodes of old branches; pedicels 7-10 mm. 1. ; -•pals 4, the larger roundish, 5 mm. 1., the smaller semicircular, •"> mm. 1. ; ovules several in each cell ; berries ellipsoidal, 12-15 mm. 1., 7-9 mm. thick. In fl. Sept., in fr. Feb.-March ; Hopeton, Westmoreland, 1000 ft. ; near Troy, 1400 ft. ; Harris I eastern slopes of south end of John Crow (Blake) Mts., Harris & Britton ! Fl. Jam. 7050, 9476. 10,750. Tree, 15-20 ft. high. Dots-'of leaves prominent beneath. Bracteoles shortly ovate-cordate, united at base, 1'5 mm. 1. Berries densely granular- dotted, not ribbed, red, glabrous, 1-seeded. 7. E. lamprophylla Urb. Symb. Ant. vii 308 (1912) ; glabrous ; leaves 9-18 cm. 1., 3* 5-9 '5 cm. br., elliptical or ovate-elliptical, usually narrowed towards the obtuse apex, base rounded emar- ginate in young leaves, cordate in old leaves, midrib impressed from base to apex, nerves in young leaves on upper surface a little impressed or scarcely prominent, beneath with the veins slightly prominent, in old leaves nerves and veins prominent on both sides, with more or less pellucid dots, on both sides slightly prominent, leathery, shining; petioles 10-15 mm. 1.; flowers. several at the nodes of the old wood, umbel-like ; pedicels 7-13 mm. 1. ; sepals 4, very unequal, the larger roundish, 5 mm. 1., the smaller semiluiiate, 3 mm. 1. ; ovules many in each cell. */ In fl. July-Sept. ; Peckham, Clarendon, Harris \ Fl. Jam. 10,955, 11.175. Tree, 25 to 40 ft. high. Young leaves bronze on upper surface, rose- coloured beneath. Bracteoles united at base, shortly ovate, obtuse, 2 mm. 1. Petals pale rose colour, 7-8 mm. 1., 5 mm. br., roundish-elliptical, ciliate. Stamens pale rose colour. 8. E. alpina Willd. Sp. PL ii 961 (1800); young branchlets more or less pubescent or puberulous with brownish hairs ; leaves •5-1 '5 cm. 1., 3-4(-2) in a whorl, elliptical to lanceolate, midrib impressed, nerves and veins not evident, dots 011 upper surface impressed, opaque, leathery, rigid, glabrous ; petioles 1-2 • 5 mm. 1. ; peduncles pseudo-terminal and axillary, solitary, 1 • 5—3 mm. L, tomentose ; sepals 4, 3 mm. 1., broadly ovate, somewhat acumin- ate ; ovules several in each cell ; berry 6-8 mm. 1. — Macf. Jam. ii. 113; Griseb. Fl Br. W. Incl. 236; Urban in Engl. Jaftrb. xix. 608. Myrtus alpina Sw. Prodr. 77 (1788) & FL Ind. Occ. 883. Specimen from Swartz in Herb. Mus. Brit. In fl. May-Sept. ; Blue Mt. Peak, Swartz ! McNab ! Blue Mt. Peak, Purdiel also Priori J.P. 877, Monkey Hill, Blue Mts., Morris I and John Eugenia MYRTACE.-I-: 337 Crow Peak, Hart ! Blue Mt. Peak ; Monkey Hill ; Harris \ Fl. Jam. 5004- 5006, 5648 ; Sir John Peak, Mrs. E. G. Britton, 3862 ! Shrub or tree, 6-20 ft. Bracteoles ovate, acuminate, tomentose, 3 mm. 1. Petals 4, white, longer than sepals. 9. E. Maenabiana Urb. Si/ml. Ant. vi. 104 (1909); branchlets with minute straight hairs; leaves 1-1*5 cm. 1., 2 • 5-3 mm. br., linear, apex rounded, not apiculate, narrowed to the base, midrib on upper surface not evident or slightly prominent, nerves beneath slender, evident, joined together along the margin, with pellucid dots, membranous. — E. oligandra var. Maenabiana Kr. & Urb. in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 613 (1895). E. rigidifolia Griseb. FL Br. W. Lid. 711 (1864) (non Eich.). ' McNab (specimen not seen). 10. E. Fadyenii Kr. & Urb. in EnI;A OF JAMAICA .surface subimpressed, leatlieiy, glabrous; petioles 10-12 nun. 1. ; iiiiloiv.sreiu-rs '2 ~> cm. 1., with 10— 16 flowers, puberulous j bracts broadly triangular or ovate-triangular, obtuse or acute, '8— !••'• nun. 1. ; prdiri-ls :>-6 mm. 1. ; sepals: the longer 1*5 mm. 1., apex subtrum-ate, the shorter slightly apiculate ; ovary semiglobose or semiovoid ; ovules 17-22 in each cell; berry obliquely globulose, ~> mm. in cliam. In fl. and fr. Aug. ; near Newcastle, 5049, Hart I Bractcoles triangular, somewhat obtuseTabout '8 mm. 1., scarcely united at base. Berries glandular-granulate. 12. E. biflora DC. Prodr. Hi. 276 (1828) ; young branchlets puberulous with very short spreading hairs or somewhat silky ; leaves 3-7 cm. 1., 1 • 2-3 cm. br., lanceolate to ovate-elliptical or elliptical, more or less acuminate with tip generally rounded or obtuse (rarely, 5057, acute), base wedge-shaped, midrib impressed, nerves and veins very slightly prominent or scarcely evident on both sides, with few dots more or less pellucid, on upper surface impressed or not evident or slightly prominent, beneath generally slightly prominent often brownish, glabrous on both sides or hairy on the midrib ; petioles 3-8 mm. 1. ; inflorescences race- mose, axillary or pseudo-terminal, 2-4- even to 10-flowered, shortly pubescent or tomentose, 1-7 cm. 1. ; pedicels 5-15 mm. 1. ; sepals 1*8-2 '5 mm. 1., in fr. 3 mm. 1.; berries 6-10 mm. in diarn. — E. biflora v. pallens Kr. & Urb. in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 629 (1895). E. pallens DO. Prodr. in. 284(1828); Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 237 (in part). E. dumosa Macf. Jam. ii. 123 (1850) (non DO.). Myrtus biflora L. Syst. ed. 10, 1056 (1759) & Amoen. v. 398, 379 ; Lun. Hort. Jam. i. 537. Caryophyllus fruticosus 40 FI.< >K.v OF JAMAICA /'-'".'/' Urn*, .cir. ft. 1. •"> 1 I (l^r>7). E. Hartii Kim'rxJi. in Sot. Tidsskr. a»fi. 271, /. 6, /. 9u (1888). In 11. June-Dec.: Cold Spring; Wallrnford ; Mac]<; ' 7J//r J.P. 10 IS hiuh mountain thickets, Hart ! Blue Mts. and Port Royal }h 7/(//-m ! Fl. Jam. 5043, 5045-5047, 5077, 5078, 5081, 5083, 5129, 5±iL. 5287, 5288, 5±)(>, 5299, 5357, 5364, 53G8, 5483, 5485, 5524, 5608, 5651, 57^ 13. E. braehythrix Urb. Symb. Ant. w. 23(1909); branchk-ts of first year densely covered with very short, spreading, simple hairs; leaves 5-7 cm. 1., elliptical to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate with tip long and rather narrow, more or less narrowed at base into the petiole, midrib on upper surface narrowly furrowed- impressed, nerves on upper surface scarcely or not evident, beneath nerves and veins slightly prominent, marginal vein 1 or 2 mm. from margin, dots few, not evident on surface but pellucid, glabrescent or glabrate, papery or somewhat leathery : petioles 2*5-4 mm. 1. ; inflorescences axillary and terminal, racemose, with 4-10 flowers, 1*5-2 cm. L, with very' short, adpressed hairs ; bracts acute ; pedicels 4—7 mm. 1. ; calyx with short and adpressed white hairs ; larger lobes 2 mm. L, 1'5 mm. br., roundish, apex rounded, smaller half-roundish; ovules in each cell few ; berries unripe, obovoid, densely glandular-granulate. In fl. and fr. Aug., in fr. to Dec. ; Spanish River, Blue Mts., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 5306, 5307, 5440. Infloy o< :, nc\s ^-ueraliy solitary from the axils, at the apex of the branches several, shortly or very shortly pedunculate; bracts persistent, ovate or triangular, '7-1 '4 rnm. 1. Bracteoles ovate-triangular, acute, slightly united at base. Calyx-lobes, glandular-granulate with short white hairs. 14. E. jamaieensis Berg in Linnaea xxvii. 237 (1856) ; young branchlets puberulous with adpressed white hairs ; leaves 6-9 cm. L, ovate or ovate-oblong, acuminate with obtuse tip, often apiculate, base acute, midrib slightly impressed, nerves on upper surface slightly prominent, nerves and veins beneath prominent, with very dense pellucid dots not conspicuous on upper surface, very slightly prominent beneath, submembranous, glabrous ; petioles 5-7 mm. 1. ; inflorescences with 6-10 flowers, 1-1 '5 cm. 1. ; puberulous with very short adpressed hairs ; pedicels 4-7 mm. 1. ; sepals subequal, ovate ; ovules in each cell few.- Urb. in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 625. Wright I ? Scot ! Cumin g ; hill north of Montego Bay, Harris ! Fl. Jam. 10,320. 15. E. Alexandri Kr. & Urb. in Engl Jalirb. xix. 626 (1895); young branchlets puberulous at apex with very short adpressed hairs; leaves 8— 5(— 11) cm. 1., oval-oblong or oblong, acuminate with tip acute or sometimes obtuse and apiculate, base subacute. Eugenia MYRTACE^E 341 obtuse, or rounded, midrib canaliculate-impressed, nerves on upper surface scarcely prominent or subimpressed, beneath prominent, veins beneath slightly or scarcely evident, with very dense tuberculate dots on both sides especially beneath, pellucid, unequal, puberulous with very short hairs on upper surface, subglabrous beneath, submembranous or papery, margin minutely crenate ; inflorescences axillary, subsessile, with 6-8 flowers, 1—2 cm. 1., puberulous with very short and adpressed hairs ; pedicels 3—7 mm. 1. ; sepals : the larger 2-2*3 mm. 1., roundish or semioval, apex rounded or subtruncate ; ovules in each cell numerous ; berry globose, 12—13 mm. in diam. — E. disticha Griseb. FL Br. W. Lid. 237 (1860) (in part) (non DC.}. Myrtus disticha Boi. Mag. t. 867 (non Sw.}. Type in Herb. Kew. In fl. Jan. -July ; Moneague, Prior \ \Shrub. Bracteoles shortly trig Petals 5-6 mm. 1. Berry 3-seeded. \Shrub. Bracteoles shortly triangular-half-roundish, slightly united. >tms 5-6 16. E. distieha DC. Prodr.- Hi. 274 (1828); branchlets of first year puberulous above with very short hairs or silky ; leaves 6-9 cm 1., ovate-elliptical or oblong-elliptical, more or less acuminate, with tip acute or mucronate, base rounded, midrib impressed, nerves on upper surface very slightly prominent or im- pressed, beneath with veins slightly prominent, with pellucid dots not numerous, not conspicuous on upper surface except in young leaves, very few evident beneath, puberulous on both sides at first, glabrescent later, papery ; petioles 2-4 mm. 1. ; inflores- cences axillary, 1-2 cm. L, or shorter, with 4-9 flowers, puberu- lous with very short adpressed hairs ; bracteoles ovate, acuminate ; pedicels generally 1*5-3 mm. 1.; sepals: the larger 1*5 mm. 1., roundish with rounded apex ; ovules about 15 in each cell ; berry ovate or obovate. — Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 237 (excl. reference to Jacq.) ; Urb. in Enyl. Jahrb. xix. 627. Myrtus disticha Sw. Prodr. 78 (1788) & >/. Ind. Occ, 894; Lindl Coll. t. 19. M. horizontahs Vent. Malm. t. 60 (1803). Bo d wood. In fl. and fr. Feb. -May ; Wright \ Shakespearl Moneague, Priori March ! Ugly river, Jenman ! Kentucky Hill, Bluefields Mt., 2000-2500 ft. ; Harris \ Fl. Jam. 10,206 ; near Moneague, Britton 2675 ! Specimens from Dolphin Head, Fl. Jam. 9256 and 9259, are distin- guished by stouter and slightly longer petioles ; the young foliage is described as " brilliant crimson." Shrub, 4-8 ft. high. Berry red to purplish-brown, with 2-4(-8) seeds. 17. E. Harrisii Kr. & Urb. in Encjl. Jalirb. xix. 632 (1895); branchlets of the first year glabrous ; leaves 5-8 • 5 cm. 1. (3 • 5), 1*5-4 cm. br., ovate or ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, apex obtusely acuminate, base obtuse or rounded, sometimes acute, midrib impressed, nerves on the upper surface slightly impressed, o4J FLORA OF JAMAICA Eugi beneath slightly or scarcely prominent, veins not or scarcely evident, with usually numerous impressed dots on upper surface, pellucid dots tV\\. leathery, glabrous ; petioles 6-ll' mm. 1. ; infloi -essences 1—3*5 mi. 1., with 7-11 flowers, glabrous, axillary, M.litarv, racemose, sometimes branched from the base and sub- paniculate, somewhat rarely two, one above the other, generally with a subsessile terminal flower, conspicuously glandular : peduncle 0—15 mm. 1. ; bracts triangular, obtuse, *5— 1 mm. 1. ; pedicels 5-12 mm. 1 ; sepals : the longer roundish, rounded at the apex, 1 '5-1 'JS mm. 1. : the shorter sometimes somewhat pointed ; ovary glabrous on outside, shortly obovoid ; ovules in each cell 9-14 (tide Urban); berry ovoid or obovoid, 2-7-seeded. — E. dis- ticha 3/«r/. Jam. it. 114 (1850) (non DC.) may be conspecific, but we have not seen a specimen. In fl. throughout year, chiefly June-Sept.; Purdie ; J.P. 1150, Morris \ J.P. 1419, Hart ! Latimer road, near Cinchona, Fawcett \ Blue Mts. ; Port Royal Mts. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 5010, 5017, 5020, 5021, 5056, 5058, 5182, 5211, 5239, 5256, 5282, 5283, 5297, 5305, 5311, 5353, 5366, 5367, 5634, 5732, 5739, 7258. Shrub, 5-16 ft. high. Bracteolcs triangular, acute or shortly acuminate, •5-1 mm. 1. Petals rose or sometimes white, 2*5-3 mm. 1. Berries 8-10 mm. 1. Var. grandifolia Kr. & Urb. I.e.; leaves 10-12 cm. 1. ; petiole 12-16 mm. 1. ; bracts triangular, acute to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 1-2 mm. 1. ; pedicels '5 mm. thick; flowers larger; sepals 2 * 5-3 mm. 1. In fl. and fr. Sept. ; Egnor Gap, Harris ! Fl. Jam. 5048. 18. E. erenata Bcr» A: FL Intl. Oft: 899. Spi-rimms from Swart/ from Hispaniuln and Jamaica in Herb. Mus. Brit. (Fig. 128.) R o d w o o d. In fl. June-Auu.; Shane Herb. vi. 76! Wriqlit \ Masson\ Swartzl _!/,/. ,/ ! Green Valley, Port Royal Mts., J.P. 90S, jl/orn's ! Liguanea plain, J.P. 903, H«rt ! Port Royal Mts. ; Grove, above Hope, 800 ft. ; Fig. 128. — Eugenia litxlfoUa Willd. A, Portion of branch with leaves and (.', Berry cut lengthwise, showing the flowers x - . undeveloped cell, c, and the seed, B, Flower cut lengthwise with most of the stamens removed x 7. D; Embryo X 2. Lono- Mt., 700-800 ft. ; between Portland Point and Rocky Point ; Harris ! base of Long Mt., Campbell ! Fl. Jam. 5025, 5063-5065/5770. 6526, 8859, 8641, 9018, J0,017, 10,181. — Florida, Bahamas, Cuba, Hispumcla, Porto Rico, St. Thomas, bt. Cruz. Shrub 4-16 ft. or tree 15-25 ft. high. Petals l'S-2-5 mm. 1., white or pink. Berries when ripe red, afterwards black. Seed 1 (2). Wood very heavy, hard, strong, close-grained, but of small size. 22. E. abbreviata Urb. Symb. Ant. ri 24 (1909); branchlets of first year glabrous ; leaves 5-7*5 cm. 1., ovate or elliptical to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate with obtuse tip, base rounded or gradually narrowing, midrib furrowed-impressed, nerves on upper surface scarcely prominent, more so beneath, veins beneath slightly prominent, with numerous dots somewhat pellucid, above slightly impressed, beneath not or scarely prominent, stiffly papery or leathery, glabrous ; petioles 3-4 mm. 1. ; inflorescences axillary, with 2-4 flowers, much shortened, 3-7 mm. 1., sparingly Eugenia MYRTACE^l 345 puberulous, with peduncle 2 mm. 1. or none ; pedicels 1-2 mm. 1., in fruit 4 mm. 1. : sepals : the larger 1 *5 mm. 1., roundish, trun- cate at apex ; ovules few in each cell ; berry globulose, to 8 mm. in diam. In fl. and fr. Feb., March; Distinl Manchester, Purdiel near Grand- vale, 480 ft., Harris! Fl. Jam. 7101. Bracteoles triangular, slightly united at base. Calyx-tube puberulous with minute adpressed white hairs. Petals 3 mm. 1. Berry glabrate, densely granulate. 23. E. Sehulziana Url. Symb. Ant. vii 304 (1912); braiichlets of first year with very minute spreading hairs (seen under a strong lens); leaves 3*5-7 cm. L, oval-elliptical or elliptical, acuminate with obtuse tip, narrowed to the base, midrib broad, flat, very slightly impressed towards the base, slightly prominent towards the apex, nerves on upper surface slightly prominent, beneath nerves and veins more prominent, joined together 2-3 mm. from margin, with dots not or scarcely pellucid, a little prominent 'or on upper surface not evident, glabrous except on the midrib which is very minutely puberulous, papery ; petioles 2 mm. 1. ; inflorescences racemosely 4-6-flowered, much shortened, rhachis 3-5 mm. L, densely puberulous with very minute hairs; pedicels 3-1 '5 mm. 1. ; sepals: the larger roundish, 1*5 mm. L, 2 mm. br. ; ovules few in each cell. In fl. Sept.; near Hopeton, Westmoreland, 1350 ft., Harrisl Fl. Jani. 976-x Tree, 30 ft. high. Inflorescences, axillary 1 or 2, with one above the other, the lower less developed, pseudoterminal, peduncle 1-2 mm. 1. Bracteoles triangular-roundish, close together at base, but not united. Calyx-tube very minutely puberulous. 24. E. Wilsonella Fawc. d- Hendle in Journ. Bot. Ixiv. 15 (1926); glabrate, but very young branchlets puberulous; leaves 3-5 cm. L, 10-17 mm. br., lanceolate or elliptical-lanceolate, acuminate, tip acute, base acute to obtuse, midrib impressed, nerves and veins scarcely evident on upper surface, slightly prominent beneath, >with dots pellucid, slightly prominent (when young) or impressed or not evident on upper surface, slightly prominent or not evident beneath, puberulous on upper surface especially on midrib, at length glabrate, papery ; petioles 3 mm. 1. ; inflorescences axillary, with 4-6 flowers, racemulose or sub- clustered, much shortened, rhachis 2-0 mm. L, minutely puberulous or glabrate ; pedicels 4-S mm. 1. ; sepals 1 • 5-1 • 1 mm. L, roundish, ciliate, apex mucronate ; ovules few (2-7) in each cell. Type in Herb. Kew. Wilson ! Inflorescence sometimes grows on into a leafy shoot. Bracteoles 1 • 5 mm. 1., triangular, acute, united below. Calyx-tube minutely warty. Petals 3-3 '5 mm. L, glandular. FLORA OF JAM Ah A / ..la 25. E. glabrata ]H\ V'/W/-. in. -74 (182*) : young brand i! with verv minute hairs (glabrous in Jamaican specimens); lea-. 8 cm. ]., elliptical, elliptical-oblong, or ovate, acuminate with obtuse tip, l>ase rounded or acute, midrib deeply improved, nerves on upper surface slightly <»r scarcely prominent, beneath more so, veins scarcely evident on both sides, with dots not pellucid, glabrous, papery ; petioles 5-7 mm. 1. ; inflorescences >lmrt raceme^. 1-4, clustered, 4-11 mm. 1., with minute hairs; pedicels 1-1 *o mm. 1. ; bracteoles minute, semicircular; sepals: the longer semioval, 1—1 '2 mm. 1., obtuse or rounded; ovary minutely puberulous ; ovules in each cell few : berries oblong, 10-13 mm. 1. — Vrb. in EngL Jahrb. xix. 642 & Si/mb. Ant. rii. 487. Myrtus glabrata Sic. Prodr. 78 (1788) & FL Ind. Occ. 903. Specimen from Swartz from Hispaniola in Herb. Mus. Brit. In fr. Jan. -July; Morris, J.P. 1017! Port Royal Mts. (near Chester Vale ; near Woodcutters' Gap ; Silver Hill Gap, 3600 ft.) ; Peckham Woods, Clarendon, 2500-2800 ft. ; Harris I Fl. Jam. 5069, 5557, 5609, 5725, 5784, 10.867.— Cuba, Hispaniola. The Jamaican specimens are in fruit only. Urban places them under E. glabrata provisionally, and thinks that possibly they may be only a variety of E. axillaris Willd. Shrub 4-5 ft. or tree (in Jamaica) 15-30 ft. high. Petals 3 mm. 1. Berries black. 26. E. axillaris Wilhl % PL ii 960 (1800) : young branchlets glabrous ; leaves 4-8 cm. 1., 1 '5-5*5 cm. br., elliptical or broadly "vate to oblong, apex obtuse or generally obtusely acuminate, base acute, prolonged into the petiole, rarely rounded, midrib deeply impressed, nerves and veins scarcely prominent on upper surface, beneath slightly prominent, with dots not pellucid, glabrous, papery-leathery : petioles 5-8 mm. 1. ; inflorescences 1-3, clustered in axils, very short racemes, 2-4 mm. 1., rarely longer (-11 mm. 1.), glabrous; pedicels 1-1*5 mm. 1. ; bracteoles minute, rounded, united below or nearly to apex ; sepals : the longer '6- '8 mm. 1., semicircular or semioval; ovules few in each cell; berries globose, 7-10 mm. in diam. — 3Iacf. Jam. ii. 115 ; Griseb. Fl Br. W. Ind. 236 ; Urb. in EngL Jahrb. xix. 639, Synth. Ant. iv. 448 impressed, nerves ami veins on upper sin-face slightly prominent i.r scarcely evident, beneath slightly prominent, papery-leathery, dots not or somewhat pellucid, .^'-ibmus ; petioles .') nun. 1. ; inflorescences shortly racemose • , at clustered, glabrous, .')-!") nun. 1. ; pedicels 1-5 nun. 1. ; bructeoles minute, rounded <>r generally triangular, . obtuse, generally free; sepals: the longer 1 — 1*3 mm. 1., semicircular; ovules few in each cell; It-Tries ulohose, 1-6 mm. in diam. — -3Ia<-f. Jam. ii. 117; Urb. in Kitifl. JtiJirli. .ii.c. <)•")•"), Sifinb. Ant. ic. 448 & r'tii. 485. E. buxifolia Grixrb. Fl. Br. W. Lid. 236 (1860) (excl. s>/n.) (non Willd.). Myrtus monticola Sw. Prodr. 78 (1788) £ FL Lid. Occ. ii 898. Specimen from S\vartz from Jamaica in Herb. Mus. Brit. In fl. July-Dec. ; high rats., Swart z ! Port Royal Mts., Macfadyen \ Waters ! Hagley Gap, Blue Mts., Purdie ! Yallahs Valley, Prior ! March I J.P. 1194, 1203, Morris ! Port Royal Mts. ; Blue Mts. ; Red Hills ; Stony Hill; Potsdam; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 5053, 5055, 5059, 5061, 5062, 5250, 5260, 530:: '. 5309, 5313, 5329, 5380, 5397, 5-Io2. 5531, 612s! 6&82, 97 ,1, 9-'02, 11,13 ar Cinchona, Miss J. ii. Perkins \ — \Vest Indie-. • 6-15 ft. or tree 15-35 ft. high. Bracteoles minute, generally free. Petals white, 2 mm. 1. Berries at length black. Var. latifolia Kr. <(• Urb. torn. tit. 636 (1895) ; leaves 4-8 cm. 1., 1-5-4-5 cm. br. E. glabrata Macf. Jam. ii. 118 (1850) (non Masson ! Swartz \ St. Mary, Me Nab ! Moneague, Prior ! Port Royal Mts.; Blue Mts.; Crofts Mt., Clarendon; Peckhani woods, Clarendon; Harris ! neighbourhood of Castleton, Tlwmpson ! Fl. Jam. 5051, 5103, 6747, 8014, 9108, 11,226, 12,767.— W. Indies, Mexico. % . E. polypora u'rb. Syrnb. Ant. vi. 24 (1909); glabrous; leaves 6—8 cm. 1., 3-5 cm. br., ovate or narrowly ovate, apex very shortly acuminate with obtuse tip, base rounded or sub- truncate, prolonged a little into the petiole, midrib prominent, nerves and veins on both sides slightly prominent, with dots very dense, pellucid, papery-leathery ; petioles 7-10 mm. 1. ; flowers several, axillary in an umbel-like raceme, rhachis 4 mm. 1. ; fruiting pedicels 10-15 mm. 1. ; sepals 4, the larger roundish, 3-5 mm. 1. in fr., the smaller 2 '3 mm. 1. ; berries globose, 12-15 mm. in diam. In fr. March; Dolphin Head, 1800 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 10,271. Tree to "60 ft. high, with a trunk to 1 ft. in diam. Bracteolelfnot united, •5 mm. 1. Berries densely and minutely granulate-dotted, not ribbed, glabrous, 1-seeded. 31. E. eonfusa DC. Prodr. in. 279 (1828); young branchlets glabrous ; leaves 4-6 • 5 cm. 1., very variable in form, elliptical, ovate, but lanceolate to linear-lanceolate in the Port Royal Mts. form (E. fill for mis), long and narrowly acuminate with acute or Eugenia MYHTACE.K o49 obtuse tip, base obtuse to wedge-shaped, midrib impressed, nerves and veins distinct and prominent on upper surface, less so beneath, with numerous dots, a few pellucid, shining on upper surface, leathery, glabrous ; petioles 4-8 mm. 1. ; inflorescences axillary, racemose-umbelliform, rhachis 7-0 mm. 1. ; pedicels slender, 8-16 mm.].; sepals 1*5-2 mm. 1., broadly ovate; berries subglobose, 5-6 mm. in diam. — Urb. in Engl. Jalirb. xlj-. 643 & Symb. Ant. iv. 449 ; Small Fl. S.E. U.S. ed. 2, 832 ; Britt. &Millsp. Bah. Fl. 304. E. filiformis Macf. Jam. ii. 116 (1850). E. Garberi Sarg. in Gard. Urb. in Engl. Ja/irb. ccix. 644 (1895) ; young branchlets glabrous; leaves 2 '5-6 cm. 1., 1 • 2-3 cm. br., ovate to lanceolate, ovate-elliptical, ovate-oblong or rhomboid, more or less acuminate, with a very obtuse, broad, and rounded tip, base rounded to acute, midrib slightly or scarcely prominent in upper half, slightly furrowed towards the base, nerves on upper surface scarcely prominent, beneath with a few veins slightly prominent, with more or less pellucid dots, papery- leathery ; petioles 3-6 mm. 1. ; inflorescences axillary, umbelli- forrn, 1-3, with 2-8 flowers; pedicels 2-15 mm. 1., glabrous; the longer sepals roundish, about 2 • 5 mm. 1. ; ovary glabrous ; ovules many in each cell ; berries globose or obliquely globose, 6-7 mm. 1., 8-9 mm. thick, or even larger, orange, scarlet, or black.— Small Fl. S.E. U.S. ed. 2, 832 ; Britt. & Millsp. Bali. FL 304 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. ix. 106. E. procera Nntt. Sylva i. 106, t. 28 (1842) ; Sarg. Silva v. 47, t. 208 (non Poir.). In fl. July, in fr. Nov. ; Long Mt., behind Mona, 800 ft. ; Long Mt., south side, 300 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 8849, 9618 -Florida, Bahamas, Cuba to Guadeloupe. , Shrub 10 to 12 ft. or tree 15 to 25 ft. high. Wood heavy, hard, close-grained, light brown. (Sargent.) 33. E. elarendonensis Urb. Symb. Ant. ml. 305 (1912); glabrous ; leaves 2*5-4 cm. 1., 1 • 1-5 cm. br., elliptical-lanceolate to lanceolate, gradually narrowed towards the obtuse apex, base obtuse or rounded, midrib impressed towards the base, nerves on both sides little prominent or scarcely evident, veins not evident, with numerous dots but not pellucid in older leaves, leathery, shining on upper surface ; petioles 3-6 mm. 1. ; flowers in the axils of leaves, 1-4 or as many as 8, umbel liform at the end of branches; pedicels 10-17 mm. 1. ; sepals 4, very unequal, the 350 FI.nKA OK JAMAICA laru'iT ovatf-roundish, 2'.~)-2'S nnn. ]., tlie smaller 1 • ~>-2 nnii. 1. : ovulc^ uiaiiv in c.-idi cell. In fl. -Inly; IVrkhum woods, Clarendon, 2500 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 10,967, l< \v])e). , in ft. high. Petals 4 mm. 1. Anthers rose-coloured. 34. E. Brownei Urb. in Fedde's Repertorium .<•/•///. ;>G8 (1922) : young branchlets with very minute hairs; leaves 2 • 5-4 cm. 1., 1-2-2 '5 cm. br., ovate, elliptical, or subrhomboid, rarely roundish or round, apex narrowed or acuminate with very obtuse tip, base acute, narrowed into the petiole, midrib impressed to beyond the middle, slightly prominent towards the apex, nervc- and veins somewhat prominent on both sides, a continuous arch 1—1* 5 mm. from the margin, with very numerous pellucid dots, glabrous, papery ; petioles 2-3 mm. 1. ; inflorescences axillary, with 2-4 flowers umbelliform ; pedicels 12-16 mm. 1. ; sepals: the larger 1 mm. 1., 1'8 mm. br. ; ovules very few in each cell. In fl. Sept. ; banks of Black river between Lacovia and Elam Wharf, Harris I Fl. Jam. 9848. High shrub. Petals white, 3'5 mm. in diam. Ovary glabrous. 35. E. pyenoneura Urb. Symb. Ant. vi. 25 (1909) ; branchlets glabrous; leaves 5-7 cm. 1., 1 • 8-2 • 5 cm. br., ovate-elliptical to elliptical-lanceolate, apex generally long and very narrowly acuminate, tip obtuse or acute, midrib flattish and a little prominent, nerves 15-20 on each side, slightly prominent on both sides, veins scarcely evident, with dots few, pellucid, papery or papery-leathery ; petioles 6-7 mm. 1. ; flowers 1-3, axillary, sub- sessile or with pedicels to 1 mm. 1. ; tube of calyx glabrous, bell- shaped, long-prolonged above the ovary, 1 • 5 mm. 1. ; ovules few in each cell. — E. polyneura Urb. Symb. Ant. v. 446 (1908) (non Koord. & Veil.). In fl. Oct. ; Vinegar Hill, Blue Mts., 3500 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 7448. Tree, 25 ft. high. Leaves glabrous; petioles puberulous or glabrate. Bracteoles united into a short cup, glabrous. Calyx : tube persistent after flowering, overtopping the ovary by many times ; lobes roundish, a little shorter than the tube, 1 mm. 1., falling away after flowering with the petals and stamens. Petals roundish, 1'3 mm. 1., densely ciliate on the margin. Wood very hard. (Harris.) 36. E. eperforata Urb. Symb. Ant. vi. 25 (1909); glabrous; leaves 7—11 cm. 1., 2-5-5 cm. br., elliptical or elliptical-oblong, apex shortly acuminate with obtuse tip, base acute or obtuse, a little prolonged into the petiole, midrib flat or scarcely impressed, nerves on upper surface scarcely prominent, beneath slightly prominent and veins scarcely evident, with dots not pellucid, papery ; petioles 5-7 mm. 1. ; flowers at nodes with and without leaves, and also near the apex of abortive branches, umbelliform Eugenia MYKTACE^ 351 or on a very short rhachis (3-5 mm. 1.), with 1-6 flowers ; pedicels 1 • 5-2 • 5 mm. 1. ; calyx glabrous, the larger sepals roundish-semicircular, 2 inm. 1., apex rounded, the smaller scarcely more than 1 mm. 1. ; ovules numerous in each cell. Type in Herb. Kew. In fl. July ; Green Park, St. Ann, Prior ! Bracts round the base of the pedicels several, minute, -5 mm. 1. Peduncle wanting. Bracteoles roundish, very shortly apiculate, not united, 1-2-1-4 mm. 1. Petals 4 mm. 1. 37. E. fra grans Willd. 82). PL ii. 964 (1800) (excl. syn. Jacq. & Aubl.} ; young branchlets of first year puberulous ; leaves 1-5-7 cm. 1., variable in form and size, roundish, elliptical, obovate to obovate-roundish, apex rounded or obtuse, base wedge- shaped or obtuse, often prolonged into the petiole, midrib im- pressed from base to apex, nerves and veins on upper surface more or less slightly prominent, beneath more prominent, some- times not evident on both sides, with dots pellucid but opaque in thick leathery leaves, papery to leathery, puberulous on younger leaves especially on upper surface along the midrib, afterwards glabrate ; petioles puberulous or glabrate, 3-5(-8) mm. 1. ; inflorescences cymose, cymes usually of 3 flowers on a long peduncle which sometimes branches, forming a panicle ; peduncle 2-7 cm. 1. ; pedicels 2-10 mm. 1., the central flower sessile ; ovules many in each cell. — Bot. Mag. t, 1242 ; Macf. Jam. ii. 121 ; Urb. in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 663, Symb. Ant. iv. 451 & viii. 489. E. balsamica Jacq. Fragm. 40, t. 45, /. 2 (about 1805) ; Macf. Jam. ii. 113 (inflorescences 1-flowered). E. ? dichotoma DC. Prodr. ///. 278(1828); Macf. Jam. it. 119; Nutt. Sylva i. 103, t. 27. E. emarginata Macf. Jam. ii. 113 (1850) (non DC.) (inflorescence scarcely an inch long, 1-flowered). E. rotundifolia Macf. Jam. ii. 114 (1850) (form with subsessile roundish leaves, base sometimes subcorclate, obscurely crenulate, inflorescence 1-2-flowered). E. bracteata Macf. Jam. ii. 120 (1850). Myrtus fragrans Su:. Prodr. 79 (1788) (excl. syn. Aubl) & Fl. Ind. Occ. 914. Ana- moinis fragrans Grifeb. FL Br. W. Ind. 240 (1860) ; Britt. FL Berni. 263. A. punctata Griseb. loc. cit. A. dichotoma Sarg. Silva v. 32, t. 204 ; Small Fl, S.K U.S. ed. 2, 833. A. grandis Britt. in Bull. Torr. Bot. CL xxxvii. 355 (1910) (form with obovate leaves and divergent pedicels). In fl. nearly all the year; Swartz ; Port Royal Mts., Macfadyen ; St. Ann, Purdie ; Moneague and near Mt. Diablo, Prior ! Greenwich, Port Royal Mts., J.P. 1450, Hart ! Port Royal Mts. ; Blue Mts. ; Great Goat Is. ; Peckham woods, Clarendon ; Albion Pen, St. Ann ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 5023, 5101, 5111, 5197, 5220, 5337, 5395, 5411, 5484, 9307, 11,086, 12,008. — Florida, Cuba, Mona, Hispaniola, St. Cruz, St. Jan, Tortola, -i. Martin, Saba, St. Bartholomew, St. Kitts, Antigua, Guadeloupe. Shrub 10 ft. or tree 15-50 ft. ; bark reddish-yellow, aromatic. Flowers white, very fragrant. 35- I'l.nKA OF JAMAICA Eugenia [E. malaccensis L. ,s/>. P/. 470 (ITT):')) ; le.-ives 1 -.")-;>, dm. 1., elliptical or elliptical-oblong, acuminate or obiuse, papery-leathery : petioles about 1 cm. 1. : inflorescences in short dusters at nodes which have dropped their leaves, flowers jointed to verv .diort pedicel- : calyx : tube obconical, produced beyond the ovarv : petals and stamens crimson ; fruit somewhat pear-shaped, about 7 cm. 1., 2 '5-5 cm. thick, pink or white. — Lunan Hort. Jam. it. I'll : 2Wm- Fl. Ant. in. S'J, /. 25; Urb. in Engl Jaltrb. xlx. 666. Jambosa malaccensis DC. Prodr. in. 286 (1828) ; Bot. Mag. 1. 4 108; Gn'*rb. Fl. Br. W. Lid. 235. J. purpurascens DC. loc. r/'t. ; Marf. Jidil. it. 105. Otaheite Apple. l'rior\ Harris \ Fl. Jam. 11,900. Naturalized, introduced from Otaheite by His Majesty's ship "Providence" in 1793. Said to be a native of Malaya, but apparently only found now cultivated ; cult, throughout tropics. Tree, 25-60 ft. high. Wood soft, a cubic ft. weighs 38 Ibs. Fruit eaten raw, cooked, or preserved in syrup.] [E. Jambos L. Sp. PL 470 (1753); leaves 1-2-5 dm. 1.,. lanceolate-acuminate, papery-leathery ; petioles 5-8 mm. 1. ; inflorescence a terminal corymb of 4 or 5 flowers, rhachis 2 • 5-0 cm. L, flowers large, jointed to pedicels (5-15 mm. 1.) ; calyx: tube obconical ; petals white ; stamens yellowish-white ; fruit subglobose, about 3 cm. in diam. — Bot. Mag. t. 1696 ; Descourt. Fl. Ant. r. 49, t. 315; Urb. in Engl. Jdhrb. xix. 666. Jambosa vulgaris DC. P/Wr. ni. 286 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3356 ; Macf. Jam. ii. 105 ; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 235. Type in Herb. Hermann ii. 20 in Herb. Mus. Brit. Rose Apple. Naturalized ; Wright \ March \ Prior \ and others ; native and cultivated in S.E. Asia to Australia ; cult, throughout tropics. Shrub to 12 or 14 ft. or small tree. Fruit with flavour of rose-water, sometimes made into a preserve.] Syzygium Jambolanum DC. Prodr. Hi. 259 (1828) ; Macf. Jam. ii. 105 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. II7. Ind. 235; Urb. in Engl. Jahrb. xix. '669. Eugenia Jambolana l/aw. Encycl. Hi. 198 (1789) ; Duthie in Hook.f. Fl. Brit. Ind. ii. 499 & in Watt Diet. Econ. Prod. Ind. The Jambolan or Damson tree, has elliptical, leathery leaves, 7-10 cm. 1. ; the flowers clustered on lateral 3-forked cymes ; calyx prolonged above the ovary, entire or with only a slight indication of lobes ; petals cohering and falling away like a lid; berry in cultivated plants often as large as a pigeon's egg, purple- black, edible, somewhat astringent. In fl. Jan. -April, in fr. May; Lanel Westmoreland, Purdiel Distinl between Kingston and Salt Ponds, Fawcett ! Mona, 700 ft., Harris ! FL Jam. 8146, 8931. Native of East Indies and Australia. Naturalized in West Indies, usually cultivated. Wood, is reddish-grey, close-grained, and durable. Bark affords brown dyes, and a kind of gum kino ; it is astringent, used in dysentery, and also- in tanning. Fruit is said to be improved in taste by being pricked, rubbed with salt, and allowed to stand an hour. MELASTOMACE^E 353 FAMILY XC. MELASTOMACE^. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, erect, a few (e.g. Adelobotrys} climbing, branches opposite. Leaves opposite, very rarely whorled, with 3-9 nerves, the lateral curving from base to apex, or 3-plinerved, &c., when springing from above the base (one- nerved in Mouriria), with parallel transverse nerves or veins more or less at right angles to them (very numerous and close together in Blakea), entire, serrulate, or crenulate, sometimes unequal-sided, the pairs often unequal ; stipules wanting. Inflorescences spicate, paniculate, or corymbose ; in a few the flowers are solitary or clustered. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube (receptacle) free or adherent to the ovary by longi- tudinal partitions, or partly or wholly adherent ; limb truncate, lobed, or lid-like, lobes usually overlapping. Petals as many as the calyx -lobes, inserted in the mouth of the tube, overlapping. Stamens usually twice as many as the petals and inserted with them, sometimes as many, alternate stamens are occasionally smaller or rudimentary, inflexed in the bud. Anthers 2-celled, usually with a pore (rarely* 2 or 4) at the apex ; connective often with appendages of various shapes. Ovary with 2 or more cells. Ovules usually indefinite, aiiatropous, attached at the inner angle of the cell. Fruit enclosed by the calyx-tube, capsular or berry- like, bursting irregularly or opening loculicidally by valves. Seeds without endosperm, minute, but large in Mouriria. Embryo very small, rounded, but large in Mouriria. Species nearly 3000, natives of the tropics, very many in S. America, many in the West Indies, fewer in Asia, rare in Africa and Polynesia. Leaves with 3 or more nerves. Ovary usually free from calyx. Fruit a capsule. Seeds several to many, minute. Flowers small, usually solitary, terminal and axil- lary. Herbs, sometimes shrubby. Leaves small 1. Acisantliera. Flowers small, numerous in a terminal panicle. Herbs, sometimes shrubby. Leaves small 2. Nepscra. Flowers large, terminal, few. Herbs straggling to 12ft 3. Arthrostema. Flowers small, numerous in a terminal panicle. Climbing shrubs. Leaves large 4. A dclobotrys. Flowers large, terminal and axillary. Trees or large shrubs. Leaves large 5. Mcriania. Ovary adherent more or less to the calyx. Fruit berry-like, soft, or somewhat hard and breaking up irregularly. Seeds several to many, minute. Inflorescences terminal. Calyx-limb falling off like a lid when bud opens 6. Conostcgia. V. 2 A 354 KI.nKA OF JAMAICA Acisantlio'.i Calyx-limb not lid-like. ilyx-limb without long thread-like processes. ( 'ulvx-lirnb not spreading. Petals forming a bell-shaped corolla 7. ChariantJmx. Petals spreading or reflexed 8. Miconia. Calyx-limb spreading in fruit 9. Tetrazygia . Calyx-limb \vith long thread-like processes. Calyx with scarcely any hairs 10. Calycogonium. Calyx hairy 11. HcterotricJnim. Inflorescences axillary or lateral (rarely terminal in Osscsa) . Bracteoles below flowers small or none. Petals obtuse or notched. Connective not prolonged below anther-cells, or rarely shortly. Anthers long, with 1 minute pore at apex... 12. Clidemia. Anthers somewhat thick, apex with long curved beak and 1 small pore 13. Henriettea. Connective prolonged below cells, and jointed with filament. Anther-cells short, with 1 or 2 gaping pores 14. Mecranium. Petals with acute or tapering tip. Flowers solitary or in clusters 15. Henriettella. Flowers in cymes or panicles 16. Osscea. Bracteoles 4-6, large, opposite in pairs 17. Blakea. Leaves with one nerve. Ovary adherent more or less to calyx. Fruit a berry. Seeds 1-4, large 18. Mou,riria. 1. ACISANTHERA P. Browne. Herbs or small shrubs. Leaves generally small, shortly stalked or sessile, entire or serrulate. Flowers terminal and axillary, solitary or in short panicles. Calyx : tube bell-shaped ; lobes 4-5, acute, nearly as long as the tube. Petals 4-5, obovate or roundish. Stamens 8-10, unequal, the larger alternating with the petals, the smaller often imperfect ; anthers with 1 pore at apex, connective prolonged below the cells and forming at the insertion of the filament a 2-lobed appendage. Ovary free, 3(2-4)-celled. Capsule 2-4-valved. Seeds some- what ellipsoidal or shell-shaped, covered with minute pits. The Jamaican species are annual herbs, growing in damp situations. Species about 35, natives of tropical S. America and the West Indies. A. quadrata Juss. ex Poir. Encyc. Suppl. i. Ill (1810); Macf. Jam. ii. 38 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 269 ; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. vii. 130 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 453 & viii. 490. A. erecta &c. Browne Eist. Jam. 217, t. 2l, /. 1. A. recurva Griseb. loc. cit. (so far as the Jamaican specimens are concerned). Rhexia Acisanthera MELASTOMACE^E 355 Acisanthera L. Amoen. v. 396, 378. Specimen in Herb. Linn, with name in Solander's hand. (Fig. 129.) Specimens from Swartz in Herb. Mus. Brit. & Herb. Stockholm. In fl. June-Sept.; in fr. July-Dec.; Browne \ Wright ! Masson ! Swartz ! Macfadyen; Guys Hill ; St. Thomas in Vale ; St. Ann; McNabl Guys Hill; St. Mary, Purdiel Wullschlaegel ; Moneague and James Hill Savanna, Prior ! Troy, 1600-2200 ft. ; Cornwall, Lacovia, 300 ft. ; Fig. 129. — Acisanthera quadrata Juss. A, Portion of branch with leaves, flowers, and fruits, X §. B, Flower x 4. C, Stamens of two kinds X 7. D, Fruit with part of calyx removed x 2§. E, Seed X 30. Hollis Savanna, Clarendon, 2400 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 8825, 9460, 9758, 12,094, 12,233, 12,840.— Cuba, Is. of Pines, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, Central America, Peru. A much-branched annual herb, 9-16 in. high ; stem and branches acutely 4-angled, glabroms or hairy especially at nodes, sometimes glandu- lar. Leaves 1*5-1 cm. L, ovate-elliptical to lanceolate, membranous, serrulate, 3-nerved, glabrous ; petiole 2-5 mm. 1. Pedicels solitary, 1-2 mm. 1. Calyx : tube bell-shaped, narrower at mouth, 2-5-3 mm. 1. ; lobes 2-3 mm. 1. Petals 6 mm. L, apex subretuse, rosy- or purplish-mauve, soon falling. Larger anthers oblong-truncate. Spur-like lobes of the connective acute, nearly as long as the anthers. The smaller stamens with connective below very shortly 2-lobed. Ovary 3-celled. Capsule 3-valved. Seeds somewhat kidney-shaped. 2. NEPSERA Naud. Herb or small slender shrub, erect, branching. Leaves ovate, minutely serrulate. Panicles forking with branches in 2 A 2 356 FI/MIA OF JAMAICA A'- p«« ra thn Flowers small. Calyx-lobes 1, as long ,-i< the tube, persistent. Petals 4, oblong-lanceolate, acute. St-unens 8, uiHM|ual : anthers unlike, connective prolonged below the cells, and produced inwards at the insertion of the filament into a iMohed appendage. Ovary free, 3-celled. Capsule 3-valved. Seeds short, shell-like, covered with large shallow pits. Species 1, native of the West Indies, Colombia, Guiana, Brazil, in wei places. N. aquatiea X. Sijmb. Ant. iv. Fig. 130. — Nepsera aquatiea Xaud. A, End of floral branch with leaves, buds, and flowers, x 3. B, Flower with part of perianth and stamens removed x 4. C, A longer stamen seen front and side- ways X 7. D, Fruit enclosed by calyx x 4. E, Seed x 24. 453 & viii. 490. Melastoina aquatiea Aubl. Guian. i. 430, t. 169. (1775) ; Sw. Prodr. 73. Rhexia aquatiea Sw. Fl. Lid. Occ. 650 (1798). Spennera aquatiea Mart, ex DC. Prodr. in. 116 (1828) ; Macf. Jam. ii. 43. Specimen from Aublet in Herb. Mus. Brit. (Fig. 130.) In fl. all the year; Wrightl hedges in Clarendon Mts., Broughtonl Swartzl Purdiel Portland, March I Moneague, Priori Claverty Cottage, Nepsera MELASTOMACE^E 357 Blue Mts., J.P. 978, Hart I Port Antonio, Hitchcock; Hollis Savanna, Clarendon, 2400 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 12,248 ; banks on roadside between Port Antonio and Moore Town, Normanl — West Indies, trop. S. America. Plant, 1-4 ft. high ; young stem more or less glandular-hairy. Leaves 2-5-5(6) cm. L, membranous; 3-nerved with a marginal and an outer obscure nerve, neither reaching apex. Panicle pyramidal, 1-3 dm. 1. Calyx : tube 2-3 mm. 1., lobes as long. Petals white, 6-8 mm. 1. Pistil and stamens rosy- violet. Capsule globose, 3 mm. in diam. 3. ARTHROSTEMA Ruiz & Pav. Herbs, sometimes shrubby at base. Leaves stalked, mem- branous, serrulate, 5-7-nerved. Flowers cymose at the ends of branches or scorpioid, rose or purple, parts of the flower in fours. Calyx glabrous ; tube oblong or narrowly bell-shaped ; lobes Fig. 131. — ArthroatcDia fragile Lindl. A, Portion of branch with leaves, flowers, C, Fruit opening with calyx partly re- and fruit, X |. moved X 2. B, Stamens of two kinds X 4. D, Seed x 16. triangular, much shorter than the tube, persistent. Petals obovate, very soon falling. Stamens 8, more or less unequal ; filaments glabrous ; anthers wavy, curved, of 2 kinds, the connective of the larger produced below the cells, and at the insertion on the filament prolonged inwards into a slender appendage thicker at apex with 3 small teeth ; the appendage of the smaller anthers forming 2 spur-like lobes. Ovary free or 358 FLORA 01 JAMAICA Arlhrostewa more or less adherent, 4-celled, glal>r<>u<. Capsule covered with the calyx-tube, -1-valved. Seeds shell-like, deeply striate. Species 10, natives of Jamaica, Cuba, Mexico, Venezuela Colombia, Peru. A. fragile Lindl. in Jonrn. Hort. Soc. Hi. 74 ((-fig. p. 75 (1848) ; in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 35, t. 2, /. 21,6; Cogn. in DC. x/i: rii. 140. Heteronoma diversifolium Link d* Otto, Ic. PL Ear. t. 37 (non DC. nee BentL). (Fig. 131.) In fl. and fr. during the year; Lapland near Catadupa, 1200 ft.; between New Market and Darliston ; Masons River, 2500 ft.; near Guys Hill, St. Ann, 1800 ft.; Hollis Savanna, Clarendon, 2400 ft.; Peckham, Clarendon, 2000 ft. ; Fl. Jam. 9193, 9930, 11,232, 12,037, 12,271, 12,827 ; Bower Hill, near Lucea, Norman 1 — Cuba, Central America. Stem weak, with long straggling branches trailing over bushes or along the ground, sometimes to a length of 12 ft. ; branches 4-keeled, sparsely covered with long hairs thicker at glandular apex, and occasionally with short prickles. Leaves 4-8 cm. 1., ovate-oblong, acuminate, base rounded or subtruncate, occasionally subcordate, 5-nerved with a marginal pair not reaching apex and an outer obscure nerve at base, margin ciliate-serrulate. Flowers few, long-stalked. Calyx 7-9 mm. 1., glabrous. Petals 2-2*5 cm. 1., rosy-pink. Stamens slightly unequal. Capsule 1-1*5 cm. 1. 4. ADELOBOTRYS DC. Climbing shrubs. Leaves ovate-oblong, large, 3-5-nerved, entire or serrulate. Flowers in many-flowered terminal panicles. Calyx : tube bell-shaped, narrower at mouth, limb spreading, with uneven margin below which are 5 minute teeth. Petals 5, obovate, cohering between themselves and with the stamens at their base. Stamens 10, equal ; anthers beaked, with 1 pore, connective not prolonged below the cells, produced outwards at the insertion of the filament into an erect appendage. Ovary free, 5-celled. Capsule as long as the calyx, oblong, 5-valved. Seed-coat prolonged at both ends. Species 12, natives of tropical continental America, and one of Jamaica. A. adseendens Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 67, t. 5, /. 56 (1871); Cogn. in DC. Monogr. vii. 419. A. scandens Nacf. Jam. ii. 99 (1850) (non DC.}. Melastoma scandens Sw. Prodr. 69 (non AubL). M. adseendens Sw. FL Ind. Occ. 772 (1798). Miconia scandens Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. iv. t. 395 (ined.). Davya guyanensis DC. Mem. Melast. 18, t. 3 (1828). D. adseendens Griseb FL Br. W. Ind. 265 (1860). Specimens from Swartz in Herb. Mus. Brit, & Herb. Stockholm. (Fig. 132.) In fl. Feb. -April, in fr. March, April ; Swartz \ Wullschlaegel ; mountain woods on north side, Macfadyen ! Wilson \ Unity Vale, near Moneague, Priori John Crow (Blake) Mts., Harris & Britionl Fl. Jam. 10,729.- Central America, Guiana, Bolivia, Peru. Adelobotrys MELASTOMACE.E 359 Stem emitting roots, so attaching itself to trunks of trees and climbing to 20 or 30 ft., sparingly branched. Leaves 10-15 cm. 1. (-30 cm. 1. in lower leaves), elliptical or ovate-elliptical, shortly acuminate, base rounded to obtuse, 5-nerved with a marginal pair, often hidden by the margin Fig. 132.— Adelobotrys adscendens Triana. A, Leaf X 5. B, Flower with two petals removed X 4. C, Fruit enclosed in calyx cut length- wise X 4. D, Seed X 24. recurved, ciliate with reddish hairs, and with minute teeth ; petioles 1*5-3 cm. 1., reddish-pubescent. Panicles 2-3 dm. 1. ; pedicels 4-7 mm. 1. Calyx 5 mm. 1., increasing to 6 or 7 mm. in fruit, at first hairy, later glabrate, at length 10-keeled. Petals 6-7 mm. 1., white tinged with pink. 5. MERIANIA Sw. Trees and erect shrubs. Leaves usually long-stalked, 3-5- nerved. Flowers rather large, in short panicles or cymes, or solitary, terminal and lateral ; parts in fives. Bracts '2 at apex of peduncle. Bracteoles 2, sometimes wanting. Calyx persistent ; limb double, outer lobes long and narrow (in Jamaican species). Stamens 10 ; anthers beaked, opening by one pore, connective not elongated below the cells, produced outwards at the insertion of the filament into a minute or long appendage. Ovary free, 360 FLORA OF JAMAICA Pierian in .">-.V(/elled. Capsule subglobose, as kmu a.s the leathery bell- ^liaprd tube of the calyx, 3-5-valved. Seeds narrowly oblong- pyramidal. Species 41, natives of the West Indies and tropical America. Leaves 8-16 cm. 1. Bractcoles wanting or very soon falling 1. M. Icucantlia. Leaves 3-6 cm. 1., with "2 swellings at base between the nerves on upper surface. Bracteoles persistent 2. M. purpurea. 1. M. leueantha Sw. Fl Ind. Occ. 826, /. 15, /. a. (1798); Macf. Jam. ii. 40 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xocviii. 65, t. 5,/. 556 ; Conn, in DC. Monogr. vii. 423. M. rosea Tussac FL Ant. Fig. 1'!:;.— ,1/emuif'fl leueantha Sw. A, Part of branch with leaves, buds, flowers, and fruit, X 5. view of ovules, the other with placenta cut lengthwise, x 2|. B, Flower-bud cut lengthwise, petals re- C, Stamen after opening of flower X 2-j-. moved, with anthers still bent down, D, Fruit with two valves removed, and one cell of ovary showing surface persistent placentas, X 2§. E, Ovules X 30. /. 78, t. 6 (1808) ; Descourt. Fl. Ant. iv. 326, t 303 ; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 264 (so far as description refers to M. lencantJia). M. purpurea Macf. Jam. ii. 42 (1850) (non Sw.). Rhexia leueantha Sw. Prodr. 61 (1788). Specimen from Swartz named Meriania MELASTOMACE^E 361 by him in Herb. Mus. Brit, and one in Herb. Stockholm. (Fig. 133.) In fl. throughout the year ; Wright ! Swartz I Wiles ! St. Ann, McNab ! Portland, Purdie ! Wilson ! March ! Prior ! J.P. 108S, Morris ! Morse's Gap, C. Nichollsl Clydesdale, 3500-4000 ft., Harris ! near Cinchona, Fawcett ! The small form (var. nana Naud.) occurs on Bull Head, Fawcett ! Fl. Jam. 3500, 6350, 7002, 8472.— Cuba (the small form). Shrub, 10-12 ft. high ; young branches obtuse-angled or more or less 4-sided. Leaves 8-16 cm. 1., oblong-elliptical or elliptical, apex obtuse or rarely acute, somewhat rigid, 3-nerved with a marginal pair on lower surface, minutely serrulate or entire, veins beneath very numerous, transverse, more or less parallel ; petioles 1-3 cm. 1. Peduncles solitary in the upper axils. Bracts 2 at the apex of the peduncle, oblong or broadly spathulate, usually 3-nerved, toothed or subentire, 1-5-3 cm. 1. Bracteoles wanting or occasionally present, falling very soon, 12 mm. 1., narrowly spathulate, 1-nerved. Calyx: tube 7-10 mm. 1. ; lobes shallowly rounded, the dorsal processes awl-shaped, 5-8 mm. 1. Petals 2 '5-3 cm. 1., white tinged with red at base, or rosy. 2. M. purpurea Sw. FL Lid. Occ. 829, t. 15, /. b-i. (1798): Tussac FL Ant. i. 82, t. 7 ; Triana loc. cit. t. 5, /. 55a ; Cogn. loc. cit. M. rosea Macf. Jam. ii. 41 (1850) (noii Tussac]. M. bullifera Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 265 (1860). Rhexia purpurea Sn\ Prodr. 61 (1788). Specimen from Swartz in Herb. Stockholm. In fl. throughout the year; Wright I Catherine Peak, Broughtonl Sliakespear \ Massonl Swartz \ Bancroft ! Macfadyenl McNab I Portland Gap, Purdie \ Port Royal Mts., March ! Maroon wood, St. George, Moore ! near Woodcutters' Gap, Harris I Fl. Jam. 6287. — Colombia. Shrub or tree to 20 ft. high ; young branches terete. Leaves 2'5- 5'5(-8) cm. 1., narrowly elliptical to ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, with an outer obscure nerve, and with 2 swellings on the upper surface between the nerves at the base, minutely serrulate or entire, veins beneath very numerous, transverse, more or less parallel; petioles '5-1 '5 cm. 1. Peduncles 2 or 3, solitary in the upper axils. Bracts 2, at the apex of the peduncle, oblong or spathulate, 1-3-cerved, l'5-2 cm. 1. Bracteoles 2, more or less persistent, linear-spathulate, 1-nerved. Calyx : tube 4-6 mm. 1. ; lobes broadly triangular, the dorsal processes slender. 6-7 mm. 1. Petals 2-3 cm. 1., crimson-purple. T 6. CONOSTEGIA Don. Shrubs or small trees. Leaves large, stalked, 3-5-nerved. Flowers in terminal panicles, branches opposite, cymose. Calyx glabrous, tube bell-shaped or hemispherical, limb closed, dropping off" from its base like a lid when the flower opens. Petals 5-10, obovate, obcordate, or oblong-obovate. Stamens 10-25, equal ; anthers with one pore, connective not elongated, without appen- dage. Ovary adherent or the apex free, 5-15-celled. Berry with numerous seeds. Seeds obovoid, smooth. Species 44, natives of the West Indies, Central and tropical S. America. 1 !.(>!; A OF .lAMAh'A ConOifl,;jin i';kt imply branched. 1 'lower-buds large, 12-17 mm. 1. I'.inis i:!- I.-") linn. 1., spindle-shaped, usually with acute b;iso. Leaves ovate-lanceolate ............... 1. C. ]>r dlipt ical ..................... 2. C. Balbixiutr.—Macf. Jam. ii. 69; Griseb. FL Br. IK. Ind. 253 ; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. vii. 699, excl. syn. C. Balbisiana Ser. C. gloriosa J\Iacf. Jam. ii. 68? Melastoma proeera Sw. Prodr. 68 (1788) & FL Ind. Occ. 764; Bonpland Melast. 118, /. 51. Specimens from Swartz in Herb. Mus. Brit., and also in Herb. Stockholm. In fl. June- Aug. ; high mountains, Swartz ! Dancer, Cumin g ; between Farm Hill and Radnor, Macfadi/en I Cuna-Cuna Pass, Purdie \ St. Thomas in East, 1000 ft,, Wilson \ March \ Claverty Cottage, Blue Mts., J.P. 1402, Hart\ Shrub 8 ft. or tree 20-50 ft. high. Leaves 6-12 cm. 1., 4-5'5(-6) cm. br., narrowly elliptical to ovate-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, base subacute, papery, entire or sparingly wavy-toothed, often bearded between the axils of nerves at base, the larger cross-veins sloping slightly upwards, small veins numerous, forming a network ; petioles 1-5-3 cm. 1. Panicles about 1 dm. 1., with several flowers ; lateral pedicels jointed at the middle. Calyx-tube 5 mm. br. at truncate apex. Petals broadly obovate-cordate. Anthers about 18 (10-20), 3 mm. 1. Style about 6 mm. 1. Ovary usually 6-5-celled. 2. C. Balbisiana Ser. ex DC. Prodr. Hi. 174 (1828) ; glabrous : young branchlets usually with enlarged nodes; leaves 3-plinervecl or 3-nerved with a marginal pair ; inflorescences : branches stout, spreading; buds 14-17 mm. 1., ovoid, lid broadly conical, acute or apiculate but not acuminate ; petals of a rose or rosy- lilac colour, 17-22 mm. 1. and br. C. proeera var. Balbisiana Griseb. loc. cit. Conostegia MELASTOMACE-ffl In fl. during the year ; Bertero (fide DC.) ; St. Ann, McNab ! Guys Hill and Union Hill, near Moneague, Prior ! between Claremont and Moneague, Fawcett \ Holly Mount, near Ewarton, 2500-3000 ft. ; Soho, St. Ann, 1400 ft. ; Harris \ eastern slopes of south end of John Crow (Blake) Mts., Harris & Britton \ Fl. Jam. 6452, 8403, 8984, 8993, 10,730, 12,024. Tree, 12-35 ft. high. Leaves 8-16 cm. 1., 6-8-5 cm. br., generally broadly elliptical, very shortly and abruptly acuminate, base rounded, parchment- G Fig. 134. — Conostegia Balbisiana Ser. A, Leaf x ;i B, Flower-bud with the calyx-limb re- moved, nat. size. C, Calyx limb removed from B, nat. size. D, Flower, nat. size. f E, Petal, nat. size. F, Stamen X 3-J- G, Berry enclosed in the persistent calyx X 2. H, Cross-section of ditto x 2. I, Seed x 30. like, entire or sparingly wavy-toothed, often bearded between the axils of nerves at base, larger cross-veins almost horizontal, small veins not numerous, forming a network of somewhat large square spaces ; petioles l'5-3'5 cm. 1. Panicles 1-1 '5 dm. 1., with several flowers ; lateral pedicels jointed at the middle. Calyx-tube 6 mm. br. at truncate apex. 3. C. Grisebachii Cogn. in DC. Monogr. vli 700 (1891) : glabrous; leaves 3-nerved with an outer obscure nerve; buds 10 mm. 1., 6 mm. br., ellipsoidal, lid convex, apex obtuse, sub- rounded; petals 5, 10-12 mm. 1. M arch 598 ! (in Herb. Griseb. & in Herb. Kcw.). Branchlets 4-cornered. Leaves 7-11 cm. 1., 4-6*5 cm. br., elliptical. O 6-4 FLOKA OF .JAM An A Conostegia apex abruptly. \vr\ shortly, and obtusely ucr.minatr, base rounded, ri'jid, nerves briu-ath promim-nt. J'cinicli's Bubcorymbiform, few-flowered, about 1 dm. 1. : i'.'dii-i'ls .r> -It) nnii. 1., lateral jt/mu-d at the middle. Ant!i> :nm. 1. Style stout, G-7 mm. 1., narrowing to ap< 4. C. subhirsuta 7>'f. Protlr. Hi. 174 (1828); young hranrhli •• petioles, nerves on under surface of leaves, and panicle-branches hirsute : leaves 3-plinerved besides a marginal pair and an outer obscure nerve ; buds 8-9 mm. 1., lid convex, rounded, usually with a short blunt muen> ; petals 8-10, white, 7-8 mm. 1.- .!/"-i^-ile. Leaf-l> !«• aurirulatr. Panicle-branches 1 1. M . it Leaves stalk* •>!. Leaf-base emarginate-cordate. Panicle with flowers on one side only of branches 7. .17. albicans. Leaf-base narrowed. Panicle with flowers crowded on branches 14. M. data. Leaves hairy or powdery only on nerves and veins beneath, or glabrous. Inflorescence hairy or powdery. Calyx 6-7 mm. 1. Petals 5 mrn. 1 3. M. fiirfuracca. Calyx 1-5-3 mm. 1. Petals 1-4 mm. 1. Flowers sessile or subsessile. Stem-branchlets powdery or stellate- hairy. Leaves 5 -nerved. Style 6-7 mm. 1., apex thicker, truncate 9. M. l, Morris\ Shingle Heap, St. George, •Jlu) ft.; near Vinegar Hill, St George, 4200 ft.; near Woodcutters' Gap, 4000ft.; Olive river, Christiana district, 2500 ft.; Peckbam, Clarendon; JLirrisl below Hardware Cap, north side, Harris & Britton\ Fl. Jam. \ r,;;i;o, G442, 8241, 10,5:33, 11,095; below Vinegir Hill, Blue Mts., Mis.-- -I. 7i. Parkins ! — Cuba, Hispaniola, Martinique, trop. confc. America. SJirub or tree, 10-50 ft. high ; young branchlets, petioles, and panicle- branches densely tomentose. Leaves 1-2 dm. L, base subrounded, 5-uerved with an indistinct marginal pair, upper surface glabrous, beneath densely and very shortly stellate-velvety, margin entire or sometimes slightly crenulate ; petioles 2-6 cm. 1. Pedicels 4-10 mm. 1. Bracteoles 6-7 mm. L, white tomentose, soon falling. Calyx white tomento-e. Petals white veined with crimson, yellowish-white, orange, or scarlet. Filaments glabrous. Style 10-12 mm. 1. ; stigma peltate. Berry sub- globose, 5 mm. in diam. 3. M. furfuraeea Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 257 (1860) ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 104 ; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. vii. 736. Melastoma furfuraceum Vahl Eclog. Am. Hi. 13 & Ic. t. 22 (1807). Masson ! Wiles ! — Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia, Venezuela. Shrub or tree ? ; young branchlets, petioles, and panicle-branches covered with rusty bran-like hairs. Leaves 1-3 dm. L, elliptical, very shortly acuminate, base obtuse to rounded, margin entire, wavy, or with small teeth, glabrous but nerves beneath with brown bran-like hairs, 3-plinerved with a marginal pair, two of a pair unequal ; petioles 2-4 cm. 1. Panicle with short branches; flowers lateral with short (3 mm.l.) pedicels, terminal sessile. Calyx : tube slightly furrowed, glabrescent with minute stellate hairs. Petals oblong, obliquely retuse, 5 mm. 1. § 2. Flower-parts usually in fives, small or minute. Calyx shortly bell-shaped or sometimes hemispherical. Petals obovate, usually obliquely retuse at apex, at length spreading or reflexed. Anthers somewhat short, linear, slightly curved, usually slightly nan owed upwards, at apex minutely l(2)-pored, connective not or scarcely prolonged below the cells, at the base 2-auriculate or 2-appendaged. (Spp. 4—11.) A. Panicles contracted ; flowers sessile, in clusters, either on the main axis or on the much contracted primary branches. (Spp. 4, 5.) 4. M. triplinervis Ruiz d- Pav. Syst. i. 105 (1798); Cogn. in DC. Monogr. vii. 767. M. trinervis Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 257 (1860) (excl. syn. Sw.). Cremanium trinerve Macf. Jam. ii. 94 (1850). St. Mary, McNab ! Mt. Stewart, Westmoreland ; Woodside, St. Mary ; Purdie \ Wilson 1 Prior ! Toms Cave Wood, Clarendon. 2500 ft. ; Mabess valley, Portland, 4000 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 10,850, 12,877.— Mexico, Peru. Miconia MELASTOMACEJ- 371 Shrub, 3-5 ft. high; glabrous; young branchlets 4-cornered and narrowly 2-G-winged, these with nerves of leaves beneath and inflorescence covered more or less with minute stellate hairs. Leaves l'5-2'5 dm. 1., elliptical- lanceolate, tapering at both ends, base running into petiole, 3-nerved with an outer obscure nerve; petiole '5-1 cm. 1. Panicle 1-1-5 dm. 1. ; clusters on main axis. Calyx 2-5-3 mm. 1. Petals 2 mm. 1., white. Berry globose, 3-4 mm. in diam. ">. M. multispieata Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. xvi. 131 (1851); Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 257 • Cogn. in DC. Monogr. vli. 770. Cremanium integrifolium JIacf. Jain. it. 93 (1850). Lapland, St. James, Pitrdiel Pleasant Valley, Moneague, Priori Claverty Cottage, Blue Mts., Harris \ Tweedside, below Moody's Gap, Blue Mts. ; south-eastern slopes of John Crow (Blake) Mts. ; Harris & Britton ! Fl. Jam. 6333, 10.540, 10,722 ; St. George, Blue Mts., Miss J. R. Perkins !— Trinidad. Bushy tree, 18-25 ft. high ; young branchlets, petioles, panicle-branche?, and calyx densely stellate-tomentose. Leaves 1-1*5 dm. 1., elliptical to oblanceolate, shortly acuminate, base rounded or obtuse, subtriplinerved with an outer obscure nerve, stellate-tomentose on nerves beneath, other- wise glabrous; petiole 1-2 cm. 1. Panicle -5-1 dm. 1. ; clusters on very short, reduced branches. Calyx 3-3*5 mm. 1. Petals broadly obovate, 2-3 mm. 1. Berry black, broadly subglobose, 5-7 mm. in diam. B. Panicles with long spreading branches ; branches interruptedly spike-like with clusters of sessile flowers. Leaves sessile or subsessile, subamplexicaul, auriculate. 6. M. impetiolaris D. Don in 3Iem. Wcrn. Soc. iv. 316 (1823) : llacf. Jam. ii. 83 ; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 256 ; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. vii. 775 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 457 & viii. 493. M. macro- phylla JIacf. Jam. ii. 84 (1850) (non Triana). Melastoma impetiolaris' Sic. Prodr. 70 (1788) & Fl Ind. Occ. 788 ; Vdhl Eclog. Hi. 22, Ic. t. 25 ; Rich, in BonpL Melast. 64, t. 29. Specimen from Swartz in Herb. Mus. Brit, and in Herb. Stock- holm. Browne ! (specimen from Linnseus in Herb. Stockholm), Wright ! Broughton ! Swartz \ Bath ; Port Royal Mts. ; Mac fad-yen ! St. Mary ; Moneague; McNab\ Distinl Seaford Town, Westmoreland, Purdiel St. Thomas in Vale, Prior 1 March ! Claverty Cottage, Blue Mts., J.P. 2020, Hartl near Troy, 1500 ft.; Peckham, Clarendon, 2500ft.; Harris I Fl. Jam. 8558, 11,090. — Cuba, Is. of Pines, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, St. Thomas, St. Cruz, St. Eustache, Montserrat, Guadeloupe, Dominica, trop. cont. America. Shrub or tree, 8-25 ft. high; young branchlets, panicle-branches, under surface of leaves, and calyx densely stellate-tomeutose. Leaves l'5-3(-5) dm. 1., long and narrowly elliptical, shortly and acutely acuminate, margin entire or wavy with minute teeth, 3-plinerved with union of nerves close to base, and with 1 or 2 marginal pairs, on upper surface glabrous or occasionally with a few hairs at base of midrib. Panicles pyramidal, l'5-2'5 dm. 1. Calyx shortly lobed, 2-5-3 mm. 1. Petals white, 2-3 mm. 1. Style 5-6 mm. 1. Berry globose, 4-5 mm. in diam., at first scarlet, at length blue. 0 R 9 31 L' FLORA OF JAMAICA Miconia C. Panicles pyramidal, primary branches twice or thrice forked, hranchlets \viih the flowers on one side. (Spp. 7, 8.) 7. M. albicans Tr'nnia in Trail*. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 116 (1871); Coijn. in DC. JIoitiH/r. lit. 785. M. holosericea DC. Prodr. Hi. is'l (1SL>8); Macf. Jam. ii. 79; Gruel. Fl. Br. W. Lt.l. -J56. M. rufesceiis Macf. J'/'. P/. td. "2, f>59. M. fuliis. . .i-iiniulis purpur .•rntiUis limn-ne Hint. Jam. 1H9; Sic. Ols. 17G ; 7>W. Jlnj. t. 363. M. grossulurioick's 3////. 7>/c/. eJ. JS (1768). M. penduiifolia Bonjil. Jlt'litvt. 79, /. 35 (1/-. IT. Ind. 2'''J (1860). Specimens iYom Swart/ in Fli-rb. .Mus. Brit, and in I Ici-1). Stockholm. i'eaks of Blue Mts., Xirnrt.: \ Vinegar Hill, on main ridge of Blue }i 4300 ft., also below on north side, 3500 ft., Jl(irna\ PL Jam. 640s ; Trafalgar, Blue Mts., Miss J. R. l'< rlcins ! — Cuba, Porto Rico, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Grenada, Trinidad. Tree 20-50 ft., or sometimes a slirub 4-13 ft. Ligh ; panicle-branches and calyx with rusty-brown powdery covering. Leaves 1-2 dm. 1., elliptical or ovate or narrowly ovate-elliptical, shortly acuminate, base usually rounded, often emarginate, 3-plinerved with an obscure nerve hidden by the revolute entire margin, nerves beneath with minute scaly hairs with stellate margin, glabrate on the upper surface, somewhat leathery; petioles 2-3 cm. 1. Panicle pyramidal, 1-1-5 dm. 1. Flou sessile or subsessile ; parts in fours. Calyx 1-5-2 mm. 1., slightly con- -tricted below the toothed or subtruncate limb. Petals white, 1*8 mm. 1. Stamens 4(-5). Style 4 mm. 1. ; stigma acute. Berry black, globose, 4 mm. in diam. 17. M. thesezans Cutjn. in FL Bras. xiv. pt. 4, 419 (1888), and in DC. Monogr. vii. 923 (and p. 914 under M. vulcanica Naud. so far as the Jamaican specimen is concerned) ; Url. Si/inl>. Ant. vi. 106. M. milleflora Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. xvi. -'.->7 (1851); Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 130. Melastoma thesezans Bonpl. Melast. 17, t. 9 (1807). Cremanium theezans DC. Prodr. in. 194 (1828). C. rubens Grisel. FL Br. W. Ind. 261 (1860) (in part, nun DC.). Ifacfadyenl Pnrdiel Cinchona, 5000 ft., J.P. G50, Morris ! also Hart I also Harrisl FL Jam. 9137; Cinchona, 5000 ft., G. E. Nichols, 134 ! Clyde road, near Cinchona, Miss J. R. Perkins, 1217 ! — Tropical S. America. Shrub, 4-16 ft. high, glabrous. Leaves 6-12 cm. 1., narrowly elliptical, acuminate, base acute, 3-nerved or sub-3-plinerved with a marginal pair rather indistinct and an outer obscure nerve sometimes coinciding with the margin, veins usually pellucid but the transverse parallel veins usually not pellucid, papery, network of veins with comparatively numerous meshes, margin sometimes minutely toothed ; petioles 1-2 cm. 1. Panicle pyramidal, 5-6 cm. 1. ; pedicels short or almost wanting. Flower- parts in fives. Calyx 5-lobed, 1-2-1-5 mm. 1., usually drying yellow in herbarium specimens. Petals yellowish-white, obovate-roundish, 1-1-5 mm. 1. Anthers with 4 pores. Style 2*5-3 mm. 1., apex thick. Berry globose, blue, 2-2-5 mm. in diam. This species is the food-plant, in the Blue Mts., of the very beautiful moth Urania sloanei, at any rate near Cinchona, where it was formerly very abundant. Gosse mentions the Avocado Pear as the food-plant in the neighbourhood of Bluefields. § 6. Flower-parts in fives. Calyx 2-5 mm. 1. Petals obovate, 2-5 mm. 1. Stamens twice as many as petals. Anthers short, obovoid or wedge-shaped, with one very large pore prolonged downwards as a chink. Berry sub- globose, 4-5 mm. in diam. (Spp. 18, 19.) 18. M. quadrangular is Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. scvi. 197 (1851); Cogri. in DC. Prodr. vii. 933. Melastoma quadrangulare Miconia MELASTOMACE.i; 379 Sw. Prod. 69 (1788) & FL Ind. Occ. 770. Chsenopleura quadran- gularis. Macf. Jain. ii. 96 (1850). Pleurochaenia quadrangularis Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 260 (1*60). Specimen from Swartz in Herb. Mus. Brit, & in Herb. Stockholm. In fl. Feb. -May ; Blue Mts. ; Swartz ! Wiles 1 Blue Mts. range, Macfadyen ! McNab 1 Portland Gap, Purdie ! Wilson ! March 1 Blue Mt. Peak, Priori Cinchona, 5000 ft.. J.P. 651, Morris \ also Hart I near Vinegar Hill, 4000 ft. ; near Woodcutters' Gap, 4000 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 6357, 6434; Catherine Peak, 4000 ft., Eggers, 3600! Clyde stream, Miss J. R. Perkins 1 Shrub or tree, 12-20 ft. high ; branchlets acutely 4-cornered, glabrous. Leaves 6-15 cm. 1., oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, acuminate, base sub- acute, 3-nerved with an outer obscure nerve, somewhat rigid ; petioles 1-2 cm. 1. Panicles glabrous, pyramidal, 5-8 cm. 1. ; branches close together, ascending ; pedicels wanting. .FVower-parts in fives. Calyx 2-3 mm. 1. Petals white with a yellowish tinge, 2-3 mm. 1. Style 4 mm. 1. ; stigma thick, truncate. Berry glabrous, 4-5 mm. in. diam., purple. 19. M. rigida Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 130 (1871); Cogn. in DC. Monogr. rii. 929 ; Urb. Sj/mb. Ant. viii 497. Mela- stoma rigida ' SIP. Prodr. 69 (1788) ; Fl. Ind. Occ. 768 & Ic. ined. t. 67. Cremanium rigidum Macf. Jam. ii. 93 (1850). Pleuro- chsenia rigida Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 260 (1860). Specimens named by Swartz in Herb. Mus. Brit, and Herb. Stockholm. Blue Mts. ; Wright ! Masson ! Swartz ! Hacfadyen 1 McNab ! John Grant Peak, Blue Mts., J.P. 1085, Hart ! Blue Mt. Peak, Morris ! also at 7000 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 6337.— Hispaniola. Shrub, 6-12 ft. high ; young branchlets, petioles, panicle-branches, and calyx covered with powdery scales or hairs, associated on inflorescence and calyx with glandular hairs. Leaves 8-12 cm. 1., elliptical to ovate- elliptical, base rounded or emarginate, 3-nerved with an outer obscure nerve, powdery-scaly on the nerves and veins, otherwise glabrous, margin with very minute teeth, rigid; petioles 1-5-3 cm. 1. Panicle pyramidal, 1-2 dm. 1. ; pedicels 8-12 mm. 1. Calyx at length constricted below limb, about 5 mm. 1. Petals white, 4-5 mm. 1. Style 4 mm. 1. Berry brown, scaly, hairy, 5 mm. in diarn. 9. TETRAZYGIA L. C. Rich. Shrubs or small trees, usually scurfy with soft scales. Leaves stalked, 3-5-nerved. Flowers small, many, in terminal panicles or corymbs, white or tinge;! with purple. Calyx : tube constricted above the ovary, limb spreading, 4-5-lobed. Petals 4-5, obovate, obtuse. Stamens twice as many as the petals, equal ; anthers with one pore, connective not prolonged below the cells. Ovary half-adherent, 3-6-celled ; style narrowing to a stigmatic point. Berry crowned by the limb of the calyx. Seeds numerous, minute. Species 18, natives of the West Indies, one also occurring in British Guiana. 380 ri.URA OF JAMAICA Tetrazygia Tarts of flowers in fives. Leaves elliptical to elliptical-lanceolate, 3-plinerved. . . 1. T. pallens. Leave- ovate, 3-nerved "1. 7'. ocata. Parts of i lowers in fours. Plant hirsute 3. T. liispida. Plant not hirsute. Leaves ovate 4. T. albicans. Leaves narrowly lanceolate 5. T. angustifolia. 1. T. pallens Conn. In DC. Monogr. vii. 724 (1891). T. el:-- agnnides Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 4383 (1848) (non DC.). T. angusti- flora Griseb. tout. cit. 254 (I860) (in part). Melastoma pallens Fig. 137. — Tetrazygia pallens Cogn. A, Leaf x g. D, Fruit cut lengthwise X 2g. B, Flower and bud x 11. E. Fruit cut across X 2|. C, Anther X 4. F, Seed X 10. Spreng. Syst. ii. 296 (1822). Diplochita? angustiflora Bentli. PL Hartw. 263 (1846). Harrera gerascanthoides Macf. Jam. ii. 61 (1850). H. trinervis Macf. Jam. ii. 63 (1850). (Fig. 137.) In fl. May-Nov. ; Masson ! Port Eoyal Mts. (Salt Hill ; Green Valley) Macfadyen ! Waters ! McNab ; St. Thomas in Vale ; Golden Valley, St. Andrew ; Pur die ! near Stony Hill, Hartivcg, 1539 ! Wilson ; Wull- schlaegel ; March ! near Moneague, Prior ! Cherry Garden, Liguanea, Tetrazygia MELASTOMACE^E 381 E. Campbell ! Stony Hill, Jenman \ also Fawcett & Harris ! Halls Delight, Port Royal Mts. ; near Troy, 2000 ft. ; N.E. of Dolphin Head ; Peckham, Clarendon, 2500 ft. ; between Constant Spring and Bardowie, 800 ft. ; Harris ! Montego Bay, McCatty ! Fl. Jam. 5512, 7462, 8744, 10,316, 10,961, 11,176, 12,039.— Cuba, Dominica. Tree, 20-60 ft. high ; younger branchlets, under surface of leaves, petioles, inflorescence with calyx grey tomentose with minute stellate or scaly hairs. Leaves 6-15 cm. 1., 3-6 -5 cm. br., elliptical to elliptical- lanceolate, shortly or long acuminate, base acute to subrounded, 3-plinerved with an outer obscure nerve, papery, petioles 1-3 cm. 1. Panicles many- flowered, 10-15 cm. 1. ; pedicels 3-6 mm. 1., lateral jointed. Calyx 6-7 mm. 1., limb spreading, with 5 very short obtuse lobes. Petals 5, white or pink, narrowly obovate, apex obliquely subtruncate, 6-8 mm. 1. Anthers 5-6 mm. 1. Style 12-15 mm. 1. Berry subglobose, 6-7 mm. thick. 2. T. ovata Cogn. in Urb. Symb. Ant v. 447 (1908). In fl. Aug.; Holly Mount, near Ewarton, 2600 ft., Harris I Fl. Jam. 6450. Tree, 25 ft. high ; younger branchlets, under surface of leaves, petioles, inflorescence with calyx tomentose with minute stellate hairs. Leaves 9-13 cm. L, ovate, shortly acuminate, base rounded, 3-nerved with an outer obscure nerve ; petioles 2 • 5-4 cm. 1. Panicle pyramidal, 15-17 cm. 1. ; pedicels very short. Calyx 6-7 mm. L, limb spreading, truncate or obscurely 5-lobed. Petals 5, white, obliquely obovate, 7-8 mm. 1. Anthers 5-6 mm. 1. Style 14-15 mm. 1. 3. T. hispida Macf. Jam. ii. 58 (1850); Cogn. torn. cit. 723. Melastoma hispida Suo. Prodr. 72 (1788) & FL Ind. Occ. 821. M. glandulosa Sw. FL Ind. Occ. 799 (1798). Heterotrichum hispidum Griseb. torn. cit. 251 (1860). H. octandrum Macf. Jam. ii. 66 (1850) (fide Grisebach). Specimen from Swartz in Herb. Stockholm, with name Melastoma glandulosa Sw. There is also a leaf and a portion of inflorescence with name M. hispida written by Swartz, but it is evidently Clidemia strigillosa DC. In fl. May, June; Massonl Swartz I Waters I McNabl Wilson ! Wullsclilaegel ; March I Goshen, Moneague, Prior ! Blue Mt. Peak, Hitchcock; near Troy, 2000 ft.; Albion Pen, St. Ann, 2000 ft.; Harris I FL Jam. 8735, 12,010. Shrub or tree, 12-25 ft. high ; younger branchlets, under surface of leaves, petioles, inflorescence with calyx densely hispid with short hairs. Leaves 6-12 cm. L, ovate-elliptical, shortly acuminate, base rounded or subcordate, entire. 3-nerved with a marginal pair of nerves, upper surface with short bristly hairs, beneath bearded in axils of transverse nerves ; petioles 1*5-4 cm. 1. Panicle 6-12 cm. L, loosely pyramidal, many- flowered; pedicels 2-4 mm. 1. Calyx: tube 4 mm. L, lobes 4, 2 mm. 1. Petals 4, obovate, apex obliquely subtruncate, rosy or white, 6 mm. 1. Anthers oblong, 2-5 mm. 1. Style 1 cm. 1. Wullschlaegel's specimen, less hairy, is Grisebach's var. hcvius. 4. T. albieans Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. .c.ri/ii. 100 (1871); Cogn. in DC. Monogr. vii. 718. Chitonia albieans Don ex Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xv. 339 (1851) & xvi. t. 2-3, /. 2. Wiles (in Herb. Deless.). Small tree; younger branchlets densely covered with bran-like hairs. FLORA OK JAMA! Tetrazygt • Leaves 6-8 cm. 1., 3-5*5 cm. br., ovate, apex somewhat acute, base rounded, .r)-]»Hii.-rv.-(l, beneath nerves prominent and surface hoary-tomentose. Ptin;*.-!' < : branchlets thick, compressed, diverging, at apex 3-flowered. wers S«. T. angustifolia DC. Prodr. in. 172 (1828) ; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. rii. 7l'0 ; Urb. St/mb. Ant. iv. 454. Melastoma angusti- fnlia 'Sw. Prodr. 71 (1788) «k Fl. Ind, Occ. 796; Vahl Eclog. iit. 25 ,v 7.-. Amer. t. 26 ; Rich, in Bonpl. Melast. 20, t. 10. Miconia an^ustif«»lia Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 258 (1860). Specimen from Swartz from Jamaica in Herb. Stockholm. Specimens from de Ponthieu and Ryan, cited by Swartz, in Herb. Mus. Brit. Swartz 1 — Porto Rico, St. Thomas, St. Cruz, St. John, Tortola, Montserrat, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, Trinidad. Swartz gives habitat in Prodromus as West Indies, in Flora Ind. Occ. as " in Jamaica, in Insulis Caribaeis (de Ponthieu) Ins. St. Johannis (Ryan)." Shrub or small tree. Leaves 4-6 cm. 1., 4-8 mm. br., narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 3-nerved, veins transverse, ladder-like, nerves and veins beneath prominent, grey-tomentose beneath with minute stellate hairs; petioles '5-1 cm. 1. Panicles 2-6 cm. 1., branches corymbiform, covered together with calyx with minute bran-like hairs. Flowers many, small, crowded, stalked. Calyx: tube 1*5 mm. 1., lobes 4, '8-1 mm. 1. Petals 4, yellowish or rosy, 2 mm. 1. Anthers 2 mm. 1. Style 4 mm. 1. 10. CALYCOGONIUM DC. Shrubs, generally velvety -tomentose, sometimes glabrous. Leaves somewhat small, oblong or lanceolate, leathery, entire, obscurely 3-5-nerved, nerves evident beneath (3-plmerved in ^P^l Jamaican species). Flowers small, solitary or a axillary or terminal. Calyx : limb truncate, processes 4 (5, 6), thread-like, inserted below the margin of the limb. Petals 4 (5. 0), obovate. Stamens equal, twice as many as petals; anthers with 1 pore, connective not elongated and without any appendage. Ovary adherent, 3-4-celled. Berry globose. Seeds pyramidal. Species 22, natives of the West Indies. Leaves 4-8 cm. 1., bearded at base of nerves beneath. Pedicels 1-2 cm. 1 ........................................... 1. C. glabratum. Leaves 2-4 cm. 1., usually glandular at base of nerves beneath. Pedicels very short or wanting ......... 2. C. rhamnoideum . 1. C. glabratum DC. Prodr. Hi. 168 (1828); Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xvi. 84 ; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 245 ; Cogn. in DC. Monoyr. vii. 940. Melastoma glabrata Sw. Prodr. 71 (1788), FL Ind. Occ. 806, & Ic. ined. t. 39. Specimens from Swartz in Herb. Mus. Brit, and in Herb. Stockholm. Calycogoniuin MELASTOMACE-i; 383 In fl. during the year ; Swartz \ Port Royal Mts., Pitrdie ! Wilson ! Chesterfield, 3200 ft.; Silver Hill, 3500 ft.; Harris! Fl. Jam. 5791, 6208, 6289.— Cuba. Shrub, 4-10 ft. high. Leaves 4-8 cm. 1., 2-3 cm. br., elliptical to lanceolate, obscurely 3-plinerved beneath with an outer nerve, usually bearded at base of nerves beneath, otherwise glabrous ; petioles 5-10 mm. 1. Pedicels 1-2 cm. 1. ; solitary. Calyx : tube 5 mm. 1., processes 4, 6-8 mm. 1. Petals 4, obovate, minutely apiculate, 5 mm. 1. Ovary 4-celled. 2. C. rhamnoideum Naud. la Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xvi. ^-"» (1851) ; Griseb. loc. cit. ; Coyn. torn. cit. 941. C. glabratum J/ac/. Jam. ii. 46 (1850) (non DC.). (Fig. 138.) Rod wood. In n. during the year ; Port Royal Mts. ; Halberstadt ; near Dunrobiu Castle, Macfadyen ! Purdie ! March ! Clifton Mount, Port Royal Mts., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 6207 ; Halberstadt, Norman ! — Cuba. rr, Fig. 138. — Calycogonium'yhamnoideum Naud. A, End of branch with leaves and flower X s- B, Flower X 2jj. -r.amen X 6. D, Fruit cut across beli )\v x ?,. E, Fruit cut lengthwise x ';. I-1, Seed x 20. Shrub, 2-6 ft. high. Leaves 2-4 cm. 1., 1-2-5 cm. br., elliptical-oblong narrowed to base, obscurely 3-plinerved beneath, usually glandular at lias. of nerves beneath, glabrous ; petioles 2-6 mm. 1. Flowers sessile or sub- sessile, solitary. Calyx : tube 4-5 mm. 1., processes 4 or 5, 4-5 mm. 1. Petals 4 or 5, obovate, acute, 3-4 mm. 1., white. Ovary 4-celled. 384 FLO U A OF JAM AH 'A Hetcrotrichum 11. HETEROTRICHUM DC. Shrubs, usually hispid or glandular. Leaves large, stalked, 3-5-ntTved. Flowers usually in terminal panicles. Calyx : tube usually constricted at mouth, lobes 5-9, very short, processes thread-like, usually long. Petals 5-9, obovate, obtuse, large, spreading. Stamens twice as many as petals, equal; anthers with one pore, connective not elongated and without appendages. Ovary 6— 12-celled, more or less adhering to the calyx-tube, or nearly free. Berry leathery or fleshy, crowned by the calyx- limb. Seeds minute, ovoid. Species 12, natives of the West Indies, Colombia, and Guiana. Hairs glandular. Slower-parts in sixes. Calyx pro- cesses 5 mm. 1 1. II. umbellatum. Hairs longer, seldom glandular. Flower-parts in eights. Calyx processes 2-3 mm. 1 2. H. octonum. 1. H. umbellatum Urb. in Fedde Hep. xv. 14 (1917). H. patens DC. Prodr. Hi. 173 (1828); Macf. Jam. ii. 64; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. vii. 956. H. niveum DC. loc. cit. ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. IncL Fig. I39.—Heterotrichum umbellatum Urb. A Leaf X ? c> Flower cut lengthwise X 2§. B* Terminal branchlet of inflorescence, D, Ovary cut across X 4. showing flower and buds, X 2. E, Seed x 50. Heterotrichum MELASTOMACEJ- 38." i'")l. Melastoma umbellata Mill. Diet. cd. 8 (17G8). M. patens Sw. Prodr. 68 (1788) A; Fl. Lul OM. 791. M. iiivea Desr. in Lam. Encyc. iv. 42 (1707) ; Bnn^l. MM,,*t. 102, t. 44. Miller's type from Houstouii in Herb. Mus Brit. Specimen from Browne from Jamaica " ex herbario Liinuei" in Herb. Stockholm. Specimens from Swartz from Jamaica and Hispaniola in Herb. Stockholm. (Fig. 139.) American Gooseberry. In fl. during the year; Houstounl Broughtonl Dancer; Blue Mts., Masson \ higher mts., Swartz \ Wiles ! common inints., Macfadyen; McNab \ St. Thomas in Vale ; near Port Antonio; Purdic\ A. W. Land Wilson \ Abbey Green, Blue Mts. ; Bath ; Worthy Park ; Prior I March 1 J.P. 915, 1390, Morris ! Port Antonio, Hitchcock ; above Abbey Green, 45UO ft. ; Silver Hill Gap, H500 ft. ; above Gordon Town ; Tyre near Troy, 150U ft. ; Harris \ near Castleton (Providence, 700 ft. ; Prospect Hill, 2JOO ft. ; Brandon Hill road, SOO ft.) Thompson* Fl. Jam. 6371, 6437, 7912, 7951, 8056, 8092, 8377, 8652; near Troy, Miss J. R. Perkins I Cockpit country, north of Appleton, Norman I — Cuba, Hispaniola. Shrub, 6-12 ft. high ; young branchlets, petioles, and inflorescence incl. calyx tomentose with minute stellate hairs and densely covered with glandular long coarse hairs. Leaves 6-16 cm. L. 4-ll(-13) cm br., ovate to ovate-elliptical, acuminate, cordate or subcordate, 5-nerved with a marginal nerve and sometimes an extra incomplete one, beneath densely tomentose with minute white stellate hairs and a few long simple hairs on upper surface with a few long simple hairs, two of a pair subequal ; petioles 2-5 cm. 1. Cymes paniculate, terminal, 5-11 cm. 1., with several flowers ; pedicels usually long. Flowers : parts in fives or sixes. Calyx : tube 6-8 mm. 1. ; lobes scarcely distinct, processes flexuose, 5-6 mm. 1. Petals white or rosy white, 10-15 mm. 1. Antliers about 4 mm. 1. Berry globose, black, edible, 1 cm. (or more) in diani. 2. H. oetonum DC. Prodr. in. 173 (1828) ; Cogn. torn. cit. ','•"> 4. Melastoma octona Bonpl. Melast. 7, t. 4 (1806). Staphidium oetonum Ned simple hairs with minute stellate-tomentose hairs more or less on midrib and lateral nerves, beneath densely coveivd with white stellate hairs, leaves of a pair often unequal; petioles 2-4(-lo) cm. 1. Panicle with several flowers. Flowers : parts in eights. ' : tube bell-shaped, 4-5 mm. 1. ; lobes, inner very short, obtuse, processes '1 3 rnrn. 1. Petals white, 8-9 mm. 1. Anthers about 4 mm. 1. ticrnj ovoid, 7-8 mm. 1. 12. CLIDEMIA D. Don. Shrubs hairy or tomentose, occasionally glabrous. Leaves rather large, stalked, occasionally sessjle, usually ovate or oblong, o-7-iierved, entire, crenulate, or small toothed. Flowers small v. L' c 386 FLORA UK JAM Air \ < demia or minute, in panicle^. racemes, or clusters, or solitary, axillarv. very rarely Bubterminal, sometimes crowded into a head, white, pink, or purple ; parts in fours or fives, rarelv sixes. Calyx : tube more or less hell-shaped, limb usually prolonged beyond the o\ary, shortly lobed or sometimes truncate, processes often loi Petals usually obovate or oblong. Stamens usually equal, twice as many as petals; anthers linear or awl-shaped, with one minute pore at apex; connective usually not prolonged below the cells and without appendages, or with '2 small tubercles at base. Ovary more or less adherent to calyx-tube, usually with 3, 4, or 5 cells; style slender; stigma a point or truncate or sometimes somewhat capitate. Berry often hairy, crowned with calyx-limb. Seeds usually small, not curved. Species 105, natives of West Indies and tropical continental America. Flower-parts in 5's or 6's. Leaves with more than 3 nerves. Leaves with hairs not swollen at base ............... 1. C.liirta. Leaves with hairs on upper surface swollen at base. Inflorescence paniculate .............................. 2. C. strigillosa. Inflorescence spicate .................................... 3. C. spicata. Flower-parts in 4's. Leaves with more than 3 nerves. Leaves 3-plinerved with another pair scarcely reaching apex. Leaves ovate. Calyx-tube 3-4 rnm. 1 .......... 4. C.phimosa. Leaves elliptical. Calyx-tube 1*5 mm. 1 ...... 5. C. pilosa. Leaves 5-plinerved with 1 or 2 pairs of marginal nerves in lowrer part .............................. 6. C. septuplinervis. Leaves 3-plinerved, narrowly elliptical ............... 7. C. Grisebachii. Leaves 3-nerved. Leaves narrowly elliptical ............................. 8. C. crossosepala . Leaves lanceolate, long acuminate .................. 9. C. capillaris. (The outer obscure nerve is not counted above.) 1. C. hirta D. Don in Mem. Wern. Soc. iv. 309 Jam. ii. 44 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 246 ; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. v'd. 986; Millsp. in Field Col. 3Iu.#. Bot, ii. 80; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 463 & viii. 501. C. erythropogon DC. Prodr. Hi. 157 (1828) ; Cogn. torn. cit. 989. Arbuscula jamaicensis quinquenervis &c. PluJc. Plnjt. t. 264, /. 1, Aim. 40. Melastoma hirta L. 82). PL 390(1753) (excl. syn. Plum.): Sw. Obs. 175; Bot. Mag. t. 1971. M. crenata Vahl Eclog. i. 41, (1796) in. 21, Ic. in. t. 24. M. sessiliflorum Spreng. Syst. ii 304 (1825) (non Vahl). Staphidiuni Wilsonii Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xvii. 311 (1852). Specimen from Browne in Herb. Linn, named bv Linnceus. Specimens from Swartz in Herb. Stockholm. Specimen in Herb. Pluk. in Herb. Sloane xcix. 115. (Fig. 140.) Browne \ Wright ! Masson \ Swartz ! Cwniny, 27 ! St. Mary, McNab ! Port Royal Mts., Purdicl Wilson ! near Moneague, Prior ! March ! near Clidcmia MELASTOMACE^! 387 Castleton, .I/orris! Claverty Cottage, Blue Mts., J.P. 10G7, Hartl Port Antonio, Hitchcock; also Millspaugh ; Brandon Hill, near Castleton, 1000 ft., Tltompson ! near Spring Hill, Portland, 2000 ft. ; Tyre, near Troy, 1500 ft. ; between New Market and Darliston, 1100 ft. ; Stony Hill, 1100 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 6654, 8053, 8096, 8653, 9887, 11,128 ; Thomson Gap, Blue Mts., Miss J. R. Perkins ! — West Indies, trop. cont. America. Shrub, 4-12 ft. high; younger branchlets, petioles, peduncles, and calyx hirsute with long reddish hairs and often also minute stellate hairs. Leaves 4-16 cm. 1., 2-7 cm. br.. ovate-elliptical, ovate, or lanceolate, acuminate, base obtuse or rounded, often emarginate, often oblique. A, Portion of brauch with leaves and flowers X ii. B, Flower cut lengthwise X 3. Fig. 140.— Clidemia hirta D. Don. C, Stamens x 4. D, Fruit cut across x E, Seed x 20. subentire or minutely crenulate, 5-nerved with a marginal pair in the lower part, or 3-plinerved with an additional pair of nerves below and an obscure marginal pair, hirsute on both sides (hairs not swollen at base), more sparsely on mature leaves, two leaves of a pair more or less unequal ; petioles -5-2 cm. 1. Cymes few-flowered, 1-3 cm. 1., or almost reduced to a cluster, axillary and terminal. Flowers subsessile, or pedicels 3-6 mm. 1. ; parts in fives (or sixes). Calyx : tube to 5 mm. 1. ; lobes about 1-5 mm. 1. ; processes to 5 mm. 1. Petals white, often with a tinge of pink, 7-10 mm. 1. Anthers to 5 mm. 1., lanceolate; connective very shortly prolonged below the cells, with 2 small tubercles at base. Ovary 5-celled. Berry hirsute, blue, 6-7 mm. 1., ovoid, 5-celled. c 2 2 r Kl.oKA OF JA.MAI- A \':\r. elegans <•. >-it. • large ovate or nroadly ovate cordate leaves with very evident crenatures. Melastoma dedans Anil. PL Guian. L 427, /. 167 (177r,). Clidrmia elegans D. Don I (1C. Clt. j:>-oughton\ J'rior : near Guys Hill, St. Ann, 1800 ft.; Peckham, ( larcudon, 2000 ft.; Hno\arv •">( <>)-eelled, altoget h<-r adherent to the calyx-tithe. Styk' thicker towards apex : stigma truncate. I'.erry leathery-fleshy. Seeds oblong-pyramidal. Species 14, natixes of Jamaica, Colombia, Guiana, Brazil. H. ramiflora DC. Pr<.,l,-. Hi. ITS (1828) ; Griseb. FL Br. 11'. I ml. -46 (excl. syn. H. grandifolia) : ('<"jn. in 77. ]}m*. xiv. /•/. 4, •"">•''> 1 u in DC. Monogr. ?•//. 1036 (excl. //. grandifolia). Melastoma ramiflora Sw. Prcdr. 69 (1788) & FL Lid. On-. TT5. Type in Herb. Mus. Brit. (Fig. 141, A-C.) Swampy places in St. Thomas in the Vale, Masson ! also Prior ; March ! —Trinidad, Surinam. A tree-like slirub or tree, 20-30 ft. high, trunk 5-6 inches in diam. ; young branchlets, petioles, and calyx with adpressed bristle-like hairs. Leaves 10-15(-20) cm. 1., elliptical or narrowly-elliptical, apex shortly and acutely acuminate, narrowing to an acuminate or obtuse base, 3-plinerved with an obscure marginal pair, on upper surface at first with a few adpress^ bristle-like hairs at length glabrescent, beneath covered with brownish-yellow tomentum of stellate hairs and bristle-like hairs ; petioles about 1 cm. 1. Peduncles 2-3 mm. 1., 1-flowered 10-15 in a cluster at leafless nodes. Floicer-p&iis in fives. Calyx: tube 7 mm. 1., becoming constricted above in fruit; lobes roundish-ovate, about 2 mm. 1. Petals pink, unequal-sided, one side with a minute appendage, 8-10 mm. 1 Anthers 7-8 mm. 1. Style 10-12 mm. 1. 14. MECRANIUM Hook. f. Glabrous shrubs or small trees. Leaves stalked, 3-plinerved, network of veins fine-meshed. Flowers small or minute, in short branching panicles, axillary or at leafless nodes : pedicels minutely bracteolate ; parts in fours or fives. Calyx : tube bell- shaped or hemispherical ; limb short, obtusely lobed. Petals obovate. Stamens twice as many as petals ; anther-cells short, gaping with 1 or 2 large pores, connective prolonged below the cells, jointed with the filament, without appendage. Ovary adherent, 3-5-celled. Berry small, globose. Seeds minute, ovoid, somewhat shell-shaped, minutely granulate. Species 9, natives of the West Indies. Calyx-tube, base obtuse, 1-5-2 mm. 1. Leaves ovate, ovate-oblong, oblocg-lanceolate, elliptical-lanceolate, or oblong-elliptical... 1. 3J. amygdalinum. Calyx-tube, base acute, 3 mrn. 1. Leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, or narrowly elliptical 2. M. virgatum. Calyx-tube, base obtuse, 2'5 mm. 1. Leaves obovate-elliptical to elliptical 3. M. purpurasceiis. 1. M. amygdalinum Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 139 (1871) ; Cogn. in DC. Slonoyr. vii. 981 (inch vars.), & in Urb. Symb. Mecranium MELASTOMACE.E 393 Ant. w. 463 «fe viii. 500. M. amygdalinum v. Urbanianum m Urb. Symb. Ant. vi. 27 (1009). M. integrifolium Triana loc. cit. Melastoma amygdalinum Desr. in Lam. Encyc. iv. •">•"» (179.V6) : Rich, -in Hoitpl. 3Ii'1ast. 82, t. 36. Cremanium axillare NnrietteUu MKLASTO.MACK.K 395 • nodes of one-year-old branches, stalked or subsessile. Flower- parts in fives. Calyx: tube bell-shaped; limb truncate or shortly lobed. Petals ovate, oblong, or lanceolate, usually acute or acuminate. Stamens 10 ; anthers, apex obtuse, with 1 pore, not beaked, connective not prolonged and without appendage at base. Ovary adhering by almost its whole surface, 4— 5-celled. Berry 4-5-celled. Seeds in pulp, irregularly obovate-angled. Species 22, natives of tropical America, including the West Indies. Base of leaves sessile or subsessile, auriculate 1. H. sessilifolia. Base acute or acuminate. Leaves glabrous 2. H. llacfadyenii. Leaves hispid 3. H. fascicularis. 1. H. sessilifolia Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 143 (1871) ; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. vii. 1039. Melastoma foliis amplioribus ttc. Browne Hist. Jam. 219, /. 24, /. 1, 2 (excl. syn.). M. sessilifolia L. Syst. ed. 10, 1022 & Amcen. i\ 378. Loreya trinitensis Crueg. in Linnsea xx. 108 (1847) ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 245. L. fasciculiflora Nand. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xviii. 110 (1852). Henriettea grandifolia Macf. Jam. ii. 76 (1850). Type from Browne in Herb. Linn. (Fig. 141, D-G.) Browne ! Jobs Hill, St. Mary, McNab ! above Fort Stewart, Purdie ! Wilson ! south-eastern foothills of John Crow (Blake) Mts., Harris d; Britton ! Fl. Jam. 10,678.— Trinidad, Venezuela. Shrub, 10-20 ft. high. Leaves 2-3*5 dm. 1., elliptical, subsessile, apex obtuse, nmcronate, base long, narrow, usually ending in auricles, 3-pli- nerved with union of nerves 3-4 '5 cm. above base, with a marginal pair and an obscure nerve, usually entire, glabrous, but at base of leaves beneath and along midrib and nerves with short adpressed hairs swollen below. Pedicels usually 3-7, * 5-1 • 5 cm. 1. Floicer -parts in fives. Calyx 4 mm. L, truncate. Petals 8-10 mm. L, white, roundish or irregularly oblong, apiculate or somewhat obtuse. Anthers 4 mm. 1. Stigma conical, 5-ridged. Berry pulpy, subglobose, 5-6 rnm. in diam. Seed -8 mm. L, somewhat helmet-shaped, the base like an inverted dish bearing numerous short flat epidermal outgrowths which protrude when wetted. 2. H. Maefadyenii Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. .c.i-viii. 143 (1871); Cogn. in DC. Monogr. vii. 1040; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 4<)-~>. Locality in Jamaica not given, Macfadyen ! — Porto Rico. Tree, 25-60 ft. high ; branchlets acutely 4-cornered. Leaves 8-14 cm. 1., narrowly elliptical, apex shortly acuminate, base acute, 3-plinerved with an obscure marginal pair, glabrous, papery ; petioles 1-2 cm. 1. Pedicels 5-8 mm. 1. Fhwer-p&rta in fours or fives. Calyx subhemispherical, 2 mm. 1. ; the narrow limb spreading. 3. H. faseicularis T/iana in Trans. Linn. Sue. .r.ci-i/i. 143 (1871) ; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. vii. 1042. Melastoma fascicularis Sw. Prodr. 71 (1788) & Fl. Ind. Occ. 801. Henriettea ramiflora Macf. Jam. ii. 75 (non DC.). Ossaea fascicularis Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 246 (1860). Specimen from Swartz in Herb. Stockholm. FI.OKA OF .1 IMAICA Henriettella Wright\ Massonl Swarts] Guys liill. St. Thomas in Vale, l\i'\v I 'ark. I'urdii'l Monea^iu1, J'nnrl Hopeton, \\Vstniuivland; Ti L500 i i Mt.. Clarendon, 2500 ft; Harris\ PL Jam. 7<)(». -1'iiha. 1 lispaniola, I'<>rt<> ilico. 7V. i") ft. high ; young branchleN and prtio].-, densely covered with hristle-like hairs. Leaves s ]ti cm. ]., elliptical, shortly acuminate >oth ends, :-3-pliner\vd with a marginal pair, entire, hispid on both si especially on the midrib and nerves, papery; petioles '7-1-5 cm. 1. J' 3-6 mm. 1. /'7 :'• mm. 1., bell-shaped, obscurely l-toothed. Petals white, 4 mm. 1.. triangular-lanceolate, i' acuminate. AntJicrs 2'5 mm. 1. Style 5-0 mm. 1. ; stigma scarcely thicker than style. Berry subglobose, black, 0-7 mm. 1. Seeds 1'5 mm. 1. , ovoid, granulate. 16. OSSvEA DC. Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves stalked or rarely ?> in a whorl, 3-plinerved in Jamaican species, but 3-nerved in 0. Itirtella. Flowers usually small, in cymes or panicles which are often clustered, axillary or rarely terminal, few-flowered. Flower- parts in fours in Jamaican species, except 0. asperifolla — in fives. Calyx-limb usually prolonged, with mouth truncate or lobed. Petals ovate-acuminate, lanceolate, or awl-shaped, generally cohering in bud into a cone. Stamens twice as many us petals : anthers usually linear, sometimes oblong, with one pore ; con- nective not or very shortly prolonged below the cells, without appendage or obscurely spurred or tuberculate. Ovary adhering almost altogether, 4(3-5 )-celled. Berry globose, 4(3— 5)-celled, usually fleshy. Seeds angular, pyramidal, or obovoid. Species 50, natives of the West Indies and tropical continental America. Flowers not in clusters. Leaves 3 cm. 1. or less 1. 0. mlcroplnjlla. Leaves more than 3 cm. 1. Leaves 3-nerved with an obscure marginal pair. Pedicels very short 2. O.liirtella. Leaves 3-plinerved with a marginal pair. Leaves membranous to papery. Leaves on both sides and young branchlets with long slender hairs. Lateral pedicels 2 cm. 1 3. 0. liirsuta. Leaves beneath and young branches minutely scurfy. Fruit 8-ribbed 4. 0. micrantlia. Leaves leathery, with pyramidal tubercles on upper surface, minute globose tubercles beneath 5. 0. asperifolia. Flowers sessile or subsessile, in clusters. Leaves 3-plinerved, usually with one marginal pair. Calyx shaggy with long bristle-like hairs 0. 0. glomcrata. Leaves 3-plinerved, usually with two marginal pairs. Calyx with short hairs, themselves covered with very minute hairs 7. 0. scabrosa. Ossaa MELASTOMACE.K 397 1. 0. mierophylla Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 146 (1871) ; Co'/n. torn. cit. 1059. O. pratensis Macf. Jam. ii. 48 (1850). Melastoma rnicrophj-lla Sic. Prodr. 72 (1788) & Fl. Ind Occ. 813. Sagrjea microphylla DC. Prodr. Hi. 171 (1828); Naucl. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xviii. 95 ; Macf. Jam. ii. 54. Clidemia mierophylla Griseb. Fl. _LV. }\ . Ind. 248. Type (from Masson) in Herb. Mus. Brit. In fl. May and Nov.; Massonl Bertero ; St. Thomas in Vale, Mac- fad yen ; Purdiel March I Dove Hall, St. Thomas in Vale, Priori near Troy, 2000 ft. ; road to Dolphin Head, 1200 ft. ; near Guys Hill, St. Ann, 1800 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 9090, 9247, 12,039.— Cuba. Shrub, 2-5 ft. high, with trailing branches, young branchlets and petioles densely hirtellous with short brown hairs. Leaves 1-3 cm. 1., elliptical or ovate, 3-plinerved with an obscure marginal pair, on upper surface with short adpressed bristle-like hairs, beneath tomentose, nerves and cross-veins hirtellous ; petioles 2-3 mm. 1. Flowers solitary, or 2 or 3 together, or forming a cyme 1-2 cm. 1., usually with 3 flowers, terminal one sessile, lateral pedicelled, pedicels hirtellous, about 1 cm. L, thread- like. Calyx hirtellous; tube 2 mm. L, lobes linear-awl-shaped, from a broad base, bent outwards, scarcely 1 mm. 1. Petals oblong, acutely acuminate, 4 mm. 1. Style oblong, apex awl-shaped, 2'5 mm. 1. Berry about 5 mm. 1., blue-black, hirtellous. Seeds smooth, shining, yellow, pyramidal, about 1 mm. 1. 2. 0. hirtella Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 146 (1871) ; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. vii. 1057. Melastorna hirtella Sto. Prodr. 72 (1788) & Fl. Ind. Occ. 810. Sagraa hirtella DC. Prodr. Hi. 171 (1828) ; Macf. Jam. ii. 51. Clidemia hirtella Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 249 (1860) (non Griseb. Cat. Cub. 97). Specimens from Swartz in Herb. Mus. Brit, and Herb. Stockholm. In fl. May-Oct. ; higher nits., Wiles ! Swartz \ near Bath ; Cuna-Cuna Pass, 3000 ft. ; Wilson ! Shrub, 3-6 ft. high, " with wand-like branches " (Wiles) ; young branchlets and petioles hirsute. Leaves 4-8 cm. 1., lanceolate, acuminate, sparsely ciliate with bridle-like hairs, on upper surface glabrous, beneath sparsely hirsute, 3-nerved with an obscure marginal pair, under side much lighter than upper; petioles -5-1 cm. 1. Inflorescence '5-1 cm. 1., flowers solitary, or 2-3, cymose; pedicels about 1 mm. 1. Calyx 1*5 mm. L, shortly toothed. Petals ovate to lanceolate, acuminate, 1 mm. 1. Berry 2- 5 mm. L, globose, hairy, deep purple, 4-celled. 3. 0. hirsuta Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. x.ci-iii. 146 (1871) ; Cogn. torn. cit. 1058. Melastoma hirsuta Siu. Prodr. 72 (1788), FL Ind. Occ. 811 & Ic. incd. t. 40. Sagnea hirsuta DC. Prodr. ii'. .71 (1828); Macf. Jam. ii. 55. Clidemia hirsuta Grixeb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 248. Specimens from Swartz in Herb. Mus. Brit, and Herb. Stockholm. In fl. Nov.-Jau. ; hills above hot springs, Bath, Sicn ! between Bath and Cuna- Cuna Pass, Harris tO Britton\ Fl Jam. 10,54>. Shrub, 2-4 ft. high, with straggling branches; young brauchlets, petioles, and peduncles hirsute with long slender purplish hairs. Leaves :'.9S FLORA OF .JAMAICA a>a 5-9 cm. 1., lanceolate, acuminate, base rounded, often oblique, 3-plinerved with a marginal pair which does not reach the apex, on both sidt-s with long slender hairs (not tuberculatc), beneath especially on nerves and veins, subentire ; petioles '5-l'5 cm. 1. CI/HU-H 1-3 cm. 1., few-flowered, terminal flower subsessile, with 2 long-pedicellcd lateral flowers or with "2 branches springing from just below it, each with 1 or 3 floweis. Cali/.r very hirsute : tube ovoid, about 3 mm. 1. ; lobes linear-awl-shaped, about 5 mm. 1. Petals white, Bcrnj hairy, black-purple. 4. 0. micrantha 31.. 3500 ft. ; Iron Face, Chester Vale, 3000 ft. ; Harris \ Fl. Jam. 6470, 10,028. Slender sJirub, 4-10 ft. high; young branchlets and petioles with long, purplish, thickish hairs. Leaves 4-10 cm. L, ovate or ovate-oblong, apex acute or blunt, base blunt or subrounded, 3-plinerved with 1 or li marginal pairs, obscurely crenulate, on upper surface with short tuber- culate bristle-like hairs, beneath more or less densely hirtellous, tornentose, two of a pair sometimes somewhat unequal; petioles '5-1' 5 cm. 1. Flowers sessile or subsessile, several forming a globose cluster. Cab/.'- shaggy with long bristle-like hairs minutely tuberculate at base ; tube 2-2-5 mm. 1. ; lobes linear-awl-shaped, 2-2-5 mm. 1. 1 etals white, ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, 2-3 mm. 1. Style 3 mm. 1. I MO FLU I, 'A or .1 AM A H A Osscbd 7. 0. scabrosa DC. Pnxlr. Hi. 169 (iSi'S; ; 11,,,-f. Jam. /'/. 47 : ' "in. font- clt. 10GO. Melastoma subhirsuta etc. Itruirnt- 7//W. Jam. 219, /. 24, /. 3. M. scabrosa /,. ,s>-/. 1022 (17.V.J) ,v J///<»//. r. 37*; Siv. Ob*. 171. SauTira Lindciiiana Naud. tout. cit. IM', (1852). Clidnuia scabrosa #rae&. J-V. Jir. W. Lid. 248 (1860) (in part). Type from Browne in Herb. Linn. In fl. Nov., Dec.; Browne \ Sicartz\ Sulphur river, Bath, Macfadyen] Wilton] b C, Stamens, side view and back view, x 7. pedicels 2-4 mm. L, with 2 bracteole? at the middle. Calyx yellow, bell- shaped ; lobes ovate, acute, spreading-reflexed, persistent. Petals white. Stamens yellow ; anther-cells as long a ; the spur. Style exserted. Berry globose, l-(2)-seeded. Melastoma malabathrieum L., an escape from Castleton Garden, is a native of India. It is a spreading shrub, 6 ft. high ; the 5-nerved leaves 5-12 cm. L, with hairs on both sides, the flower-buds enclosed by large elliptical bracts, and the large flowers with mauve-purple petals 2-3-5 cm. 1., sufficiently distinguish it from native plants belonging to this family. FAMILY XCI. ONAGRACE^]. Herbs, rarely shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite or alternate ; stipules very small or wanting. Flowers usually hermaphrodite and regular, axillary and solitary or spicate or racemose towards the ends of the flowering branches, paniculate in a few. Calyx- tube prolonged beyond the ovary and deeply cleft above into 2-4 (5-6) valvate lobes. Petals generally 2-4 (sometimes wanting in Ludwigia}, inserted at the base of the disk (when present), twisted in bud, soon falling. Stamens usually 1-8, inserted witli the petals, in 1 or 2 series, the second series sometimes without anthers. Anthers opening towards the centre. Disk epigvnous. 2 D 2 ' 404 FLOKA OF JAMAICA Jussicua Ovary inferior, usually 4-celled (3-6-celled in Ludwigia). Ovules numerous in the cells, sometimes solitarv. Fruit a capsule, a berry in Fiu-hnni, or nut-like, septicidally or loculicidally 4-valved, valves separating from the axis t<> which the seeds are attached. Seeds numerous (few or solitary), usually small ; endosperm wanting or a very thin layer. Embryo usually obovoid, cotyle- dons compressed, plano-convex, radicle small, short, straight. Species about 470, dispersed everywhere through the tem- perate regions of the whole world, rarer in the tropics. Calyx-tube not or scarcely prolonged beyond the ovary. Capsule septicidal. Stamens twice the number of petals 1. Jussieua. Stamens the same number as petals 2. Ludwigia. Calyx-tube prolonged beyond the ovary. Stamens twice the number of petals. Capsule loculicidal 3 . (Enotli era. Berry pulpy 4. Fuchsia. 1. JUSSIEUA L. Herbs, rarely shrubs, very rarely small trees ; usually growing in wet places, sometimes floating. Leaves alternate, membranous, entire (serrate in J. sedoides) • stipules '2, very small. Flowers yellow or white, axillary, solitary ; peduncle with 2 bracteoles at the apex, which are usually small or represented by glands, conspicuous or somewhat leafy in J. peruviana. Calyx-tube not prolonged beyond the ovary ; lobes 4-6, acute, persistent. Petals 4-6, inserted under the margin of an epigynous disk, spreading. Disk 4-5-lobed, lobes hairy. Stamens twice as many as the petals, inserted with them. Ovary 4-5(6)-celled ; style simple ; stigma 4-6-lobed ; ovules indefinite, inserted at the interior angle of the cells, placentas often prominent. Capsule terete or with 4-12 angles or ribs, 4-6-celled, crowned by the calyx-lobes and disk, loculicidally and septicidally 4-5-valved, valves decaying and leaving 8-10 persistent ribs. Seeds usually numerous, affixed to the margins of the valves or to placentas separating from the valves ; cotyledons obtuse ; radicle short. Species 40, natives of the tropics, especially in America. § 1. Capsule obconical. Seeds very numerous, in several series, horizontal, narrowly ellipsoidal, with a slightly or scarcely prominent raphe. Plant shrubby, erect 1. J. peruviana. Plant floating 2. J. sedoides. § 2. Capsule prismatic, 4-cornered. Seeds as above .... 3. J. erecta. § 3. Capsule subcylindrical or obscurely 5-cornered. Seeds in one series in the cells, narrowly ellipsoidal, surrounded by thick corky endocarp. Plant herbaceous or somewhat woody, erect 4. J. leptocarpa. Plant creeping or floating 5. J. repens. Jussieua ONAGRACE^E 405 § 4. Capsule cylindrical. Seeds in several series, with a very large raphe simulating an empty cell attached to the seed, the whole externally flattened-sub- spherical with a groove 6. J. suffruticosa. (Seeds should be perfectly ripe, especially in No. 6, when used in the Key.) § 1. Capsule obconical. Seeds very numerous in the cells, in several series, narrowly ellipsoidal, slightly curved, with a slightly or scarcely prominent raphe. 1. J. peruviana L. Sp. PI. 388 (1753); Mich, in Fl Bras. xiii. pt. 2, 151 ; Millsp. in Field Columb. Mus. Bot. ii. 81 ; Urb. Symb. Ant. iv. 466 & viii. 505; Fa we. hi Journ. Bot. Ixiv. 13 (1926). J. hirta Sw. Obs. 143 (1791) ; Vahl Eclog. ii, 31 ; Macf. Jam. ii. 30 ; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 273. J. grandiflora Buiz d- Pav. Ic. t. 382. J. macrocarpa HBK. Nov. Gen. ft1 Sp. vi. 102, t. 533 (1824). J. speciosa Ridl. in Journ. Bot. lix. 259 (1921) (excl. syn. Tliwaites). Lysimachia. . .major etc. Sloane Cat. 85 & Hist. i. 201, t. 127, /. 3. Onagra laurifolia ifcc. Feuillee Journ. Obs. ii. 716, t. 9 (1714). CEnothera assurgens hirsuta &c. Browne Hist. Jam. 208. GE. hirsuta &c. Plum. PL Amer. (Burm.) t. 174, /. 2. CE. hirta L. Syst. ed. 10, 998 (1759) & Amoen. v. 378. Jussie herissee Descourt. Fl. Ant. vi. 28, t. 388. Sloane Herb. Hi. 125 ! Wright ! Wag Water, McNdb ! Hodges, St. Elizabeth, Purdiel Ocho Bios ; Moneague; Priori Port Antonio, Hitch- cock ; also Millspaugh ; Charlton ; Hollis savanna, 2400 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 8514, 12,252 ; near Falmouth, Miss Moulton Barrett \ near Troy, 2000 ft., Miss J. E. Perkins ! Millbank, Portland, Norman !— Florida, Cuba, Is. of Pines, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, Trinidad, trop. cont. Amer. Snrnb, 5-10 ft. high, erect, hairy. Leaves 6-10 cm. 1., broadly lanceo- late, entire, acute at both ends ; petioles 1-4 mm. 1. Pedicel about 1 cm. 1. in fl. Bracteoles 8-13 mm. 1., sometimes somewhat leafy. Flowers bright yellow, large ; parts in fours, occasionally in fives. Calyx-lobes triangular-ovate, acuminate, 9-12 mm. 1., later to 16 mm. 1. Petals about twice longer than the calyx-lobes, roundish, emarginate, with a short claw. Capsule 2-2 '5 cm. 1. Seeds -6-'S mm. 1. 2. J. sedoides Humb. . Obs. 173 (1791)? (noni.). J. palustris Hey. Prim. Fl. Esscq. 173 (1818)?; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 272.' J. octofila DC. Prodr. Hi. 57 (1828); Macf. Jam. ii. 30. Lysimachia. . .foliis glabris etc. Sloane Cat. 85 ife Hist. i. 37, t. 11, f. 1. (Enothera assurgens glabra etc. Browne Hist. Jam. 208? '(E. octovalvis Jacq. SeL Stirp. Amcr. 102, t. 70 (1763). (Fig. 146, A-E.) Houstoun ! Wright ! Cuming ! Distin \ St. Mary, McNab \ Moneague, Prior ! March I near Gordon Town, Ball ! Claverty Cottage, Blue Mts., 408 FI.oKA UK JAMAICA Jiissicua J.P. 970, Hart\ Yullahs valley, 1800 ft.; Hope, GOO ft.; Harris! Mona, Liguanea plain, GOO ft., Campbell \ Halfway Tree, Aliss Woodl Golden Spring, 800 ft.; Wards Rock, 700 ft.; Thompson] Port Morant ; Port Antonio ; Hitcltcock ; near Port Antonio, Norman \ Fl. Jam. 5785, 5807, 5869, 7G3G, 7984, 8021.— Bahamas, West Indies, warmer regions of the whole world. Plant herbaceous, often woody at base, villous-pubescent, puberulous, or glabrous; stem 3-4 ft., erect, branching; branchlets angled. Leaves , A Fig. 146. — Jussieua suffruticosa L. A, Portion of branch with leaves, flower, and young capsule, x |. B, Leaf and ripe capsule with part of pericarp removed x §. C, Style, enlarged. D, Ovary cut across, enlarged. E, Seed ; c, embryo ; r, the hollow en- larged 'raphe ; x 20. F, Seed of J. erecta L. ; r, inconspicuous raphe ; x 20. G, Seed of J. repens L. surrounded by e, endocarp, x 20. II, Seed of J. leptocarpa Nutt. lying loose in e, eudocarp, x 20. (r, I) after Fl. Bras.) 3-10 cm. 1., narrowly lanceolate to elliptical-ovate, narrowed at both ends, acute, membranous ; petiole short, 3 mm. 1. to about 1 cm. 1. Flowers shortly stalked, parts in fours. Calyx hirsute or puberulous with adpressed hairs, or glabrous, or only ciliate at base ; lobes ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or shortly acuminate, 5-7-nerved, 5-12 mm. 1., 3-8 mm. br. Petals obovate-wedge-shaped, emarginate, sessile, generally half as long again or twice as long as calyx-lobes. Capsule 3-4-5 cm. L, cylindrical, 8-ribbed; pedicels -5-1 cm. 1. Seeds with raphe attached '7 mm. in diam. 2. LUDWIGIA L. Annual or perennial herbs, aquatic in Jamaican species. Leaves opposite or alternate, usually lanceolate, entire. Flowers Ludwigia ONAGRA.CE^E 409 generally axillary, solitary, and sessile or shortly stalked. Calyx : tube not produced above the ovary ; lobes 4 (3-5), acute. Petals 4 (3-5) or wanting, inserted under the margin of a disk. Stamens 4 (3-5), inserted with the petals. Ovary 4 (o)-celled ; ovules inserted in indefinite series on placentas prominent from the interior angle of the cells. Capsule crowned by the epigynous disk and the calyx-lobes, rounded or with 4-5 ribs. angles, or wings, opening loculicidally by 4 valves (in Jamaican species). Seeds very numerous, minute. "$ Species about 30, mostly Xorth American (3 in Jamaica), a few in the Old World. Leaves alternate .......................................... 1. L. viicrocarpa. Leaves opposite. Capsule 5-7 mm. L, tapering at base ......... 2. L. repcns. Capsule 3-4 mm. 1., rounded at base ......... 3. L. palustris. 1. L. microcarpa Mich. FLBor. Am. i. 88 (1803); Small FL S.E. U.S. eil 2, 836 ; Britt. & Millsp. Bali. FL 310. Isnardia microcarpa Poir. in Lam. Encyc. Suppl. in. 188 (1813); Griseb. Fl.Br. W.Ind. 271. Moneague, Prior; Marsh near Black River, Harris ! Fl. Jam. 9935. — S. U. States, Bahamas, Cuba. Perennial herb, glabrous ; sterns simple or branched, ascending or trailing, often stolouiferous, becoming woody, young shoots 3-angled. Leaves 8-15 mm. L, alternate, spathulate or obovate-spathulate. Flowers sessile. Sepals triangular, acute, about 1 nmi. 1. Petals wanting. Capsule obconical, about 2 mm. 1. 2. L. repens Sw. Prodr. 33 (1788), FL Ind. Occ. 273, tv Icon. t. 8 ; Urb. Si/ml. Ant. viii. 507 ; Britt. d MiU*p. Bah. FL 309. Isnardia repens DC. Prodr. Hi. 60 (1828); 3Iacf. Jam. ii. 31 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. TT. Lid. 271 ; Britt. Fl. Berm. 267. I. natans Small FL S.E. U.S. 835 (1903). Oldenlandia aquatica Arc. Browne Hist. Jam. 146. Specimen from Browne in Herb. Linn., the sheet pinned to the sheet of the European Isnardia L. (Fig. 147.) Browne \ Shakcspear ! Masson ! Ferry, Purdic ! between Porus and Clarendon Park, Harris & Brittonl Fl. Jam. 10,627. — Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Mexico, Bermuda, southern U.S. (Carolina to Florida and California). Herb, 1-6 dm. L, creeping or floating, glabrous, rooting at the nodes, simple or sparingly branched. Leaves opposite, elliptical, long-tapering at base to a short petiole, about 3 cm. 1. including the petiole, 1-1 • 5 cm. br. Flowers greenish-yellow. Calyx-lobes 4 or 5, about 2 mm. 1. to 3 mm. in fruit, ovate-triangular, acute. Petals shorter than the calyx-lobes, incon- spicuous. Capsule oblorg, tapering slightly at base, more or less 4-angled, 5-7 mm. 1. 410 FLOKA OF JAMAICA Ludwigia fig. 147. — Ludwigia repens Sw. A, Portion of stem with roots, leaves, B, Flower (stamens and style drawn from flower-buds, and flowers, X -5. a bud) x 4. C, Fruit cut lengthwise X -. D, Fruit cut across X 2. 3. L. palustris Ell. Sketch i. 211 (1817); Urb. Symb. Aut. viii. 506. Isnardia palustris L. Sp. PL 120 (1753); Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 271 ; Eeiclib. Ic. Germ, xxiii. t. 22 ; Small Fl. S.E. U.S. ed. 2, 835 ; Britt. Fl. Berm. 266. Moneague, Prior. — Cuba, Hispaniola, N. America, Bermuda, Mexico, Peru, west and south Europe, trop. and south Africa. Herb, 1-5 dm. L, creeping or floating, glabrous. Leaves opposite; elliptical, tapering into a long slender petiole, 1-5-4 cm. 1. including the petiole, -4-2 cm. br. Flowers axillary, sessile. CaZ?/a:-lobes triangular, acute. Petals small, reddish, or usually wanting. Capsule 4-sided, slightly longer than broad, rounded at base, 3-4 mm. 1. 3. (ENOTHERA L. Herbs, rarely small shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers axillary, solitary, racemose, or crowded into a head. Calyx-tube (Enotliera OXAGRACEJS 411 long, narrow ; sepals 4, reflexed. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Ovary 4-celled ; ovules inserted at the interior angle of the cell, hori- zontal or ascending. Capsule 4-celled, 4-valved ; valves with the partition in the middle separating from the axis which carries the seeds. Seeds indefinite, attached to the axis or the partitions. Species between 70 and 100, natives of North and South America beyond the tropics, rarer within the tropics, one species native of Tasmania ; a few aliens from America in warm regions of the Old World. § 1. Capsule obovoid-club-shaped with a stalk-like base, angles winged, faces ridged, valves obovate. Petals pink or purplish, 10-13 mm. 1. Body of capsule 5-10 mm. 1 (E. rosea. Petals white, turning reddish, 2-3 cm. 1., obcor- date. Body of capsule 15-17 mm. 1 [(E. tetraptera.~\ § 2. Capsule oblong, cylindrical-4-cornered, sessile, valves linear. Petals yellow, turning reddish. Petals roundish-obcordate. Calyx-tube above ovary 6-7 cm. 1 [(E. longiflora.~] Petals roundish-obovate. Calyx-tube above ovary 3-4 cm. 1 [(E. Drummondii.'] (E. rosea is probably native. (E. longifiora was introduced before Macfadyen's time, and was said by him to be common in mts. of St. Andrew. The others were introduced by Morris in 1884. (E. rosea Soland. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ii. 3 (1789); Bot. Mag. t, 347; JIac/. Jam, ii. 26; Gnsel. Fl. Br. W. Lid. 273 & Cat. D Fig. 14S.—(Enothera rosea Soland. A, Portion of branch with leaves, flower- 0, Fruit X 1J. buds, and flowers, x 5. B, Flower cut lengthwise x T), Seed x 22. 411' FLORA OF JAMAICA (Enothera Cub. 108. CE. rubra C, bracteoles ; X 7. B, Male flower; b, bracteoles ; x 7. D, Head of very young fruit X 4. E, Fruit cut lengthwise X 4. (1790); Sw. PL Inrongliton\ )ia*son\ Jlnnniii'l»t. ii 301 (excl. Hedera alaris tfc Dendropanax alare) ; Britt. in BuU. Terr. Bot. CL xxxix. 1. (Fig. 152.) Galipee, Angelica Tree. Foot of Red Hills, Browne; Wrightl BrougJitonl Massonl Swartz\ Macfadyen\ Purdicl Harticcgl Wilson ! Moneague, Priori Marchl Claverty Cottage, Blue Mts., Morris ! King's House ; Mavis Bank ; J.P. 976, 1079, 1092, Hart ! Latimer, near Cinchona ; Wallenford, 2500 ft. ; near Troy, 2200 ft.; Holly Mount, Mt. Diablo, 2500 ft. ; Peckham, Clarendon, 2500 ft. ; Stony Hill," 1100 ft. ; Harris I Castleton Hill, 1000 ft., Thompson I FL Jam. 7610, 8031, 8708, 8976, 10,950, 11,051, 11,055, 11,144; Port Antonio, Hitchcock. — Cuba, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, St. Thomas, St. Vincent, Grenada, Margarita, trop. cont. America. Tree, 15-40(-60) ft. high, or shrub. Leaves l-l'5(-2) dm. 1., elliptical to ovate-elliptical, or obovate-elliptical, acuminate, base wedge-shaped to rounded; nerves and network of veins prominent on both sides ; petioles 1-8 cm. 1. Inflorescences a terminal raceme of a few simple umbels on ascending peduncles, ending with a compound umbel of about 4-6 rays ; peduncle l'5-8 cm. 1. ; pedicels 6-8 mm. 1. Calyx truncate or with 4 to 6 short sharp teeth. Petals 4-6, acute, greenish-white. Fruit 5-6-angled, 5-7 mm. 1. 2. G. pendula March, ex Urb. Syrnb. Ant. i. 200 (1899). Hedera pendula Sw. Prodr. 51 (1788), Icon. t. 9(?) & FL Ind. Occ. i. 512; Macf. Jam. ii. 192; Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 306 (in part) (excl. reference to Wilson). Dendropanax pendulum Decne. <(• Planch, in Rev. Hortic. ser. 4, Hi. 107 (1854); Seem. torn. cit. 300. Specimen from Swartz in Herb. Mus. Brit. Sicartz ! Tree or shrub, 10-12 ft. high. Leaves 10-5 '5 cm. 1., ovate-lanceolate, apex obtuse, base obtuse, nerves indistinct, scarcely prominent on both sides, veins very few, leathery; petioles to 6 cm. 1. Peduncle to 3 dm. 1. and more, pendulous, jointed ; receptacle 7-8 mm. br., cushion-like. Umbel with 40-70 fls. ; pedicels about 15 mm. 1. Calyx 2'5 mm. 1. (hi bud), subentire. Petals oblong, acute. Filaments shorter than corolla. Style simple. Berry with 5 seeds. 3. G. Swartzii Fawc. & Eendle in Journ. Bot. Lciv. 158 (1896). Hedera pendu]a Griseb. FL Br. W. Ind. 306 (1860) (in part). Swartz (with label attached inscribed Hedera nutans] ! Wilson (speci- men in Herb. Kew. named by Grisebach Hedera pendula} \ Xewhaven Gap, Blue Mts., J.P. 983, Hart\ also Harris I Claverty Cottage, Blue Mts., J.P. 983, Hart ! Leaves 7-14 cm. 1., lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate or narrowly elliptical, apex acute, sometimes blunt, base acute, running into the petiole, nerves together with network of veins fiat or slightly prominent on upper surface, slightly prominent beneath, papery ; petioles to 4 cm. 1. Peduncle 23-10 cm. 1., jointed; receptacle somewhat cushion-like, concave below, 5-7 mm. br. Umbel simple with 50-70 fls.; pedicels 15-18 mm. 1. Petals Gilibertia ARALIACE.K 421 5 mm. 1., ovate-elliptical. Filaments 7 mm. 1. Ovary turbinate, about 3 mm. 1. Style simple, conical, 2'5 mm. 1. Fruit about 6 mm. 1., ellipsoidal, 5-augled. 4. G. elongata comb. nov. Dendropanax elongatum Britt. in Bull. Torr. Lot. CL xxxix. 3 (1912). Peckham, Clarendon, 2500-2800 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 10,874. Slender tree, 25 ft. high. Leaves 1-2 dm. 1., 2-5-6 cm. br. (6-8 cm. 1. at base of peduncle), leathery, lanceolate to narrowly elliptical, apex acute, base obtuse ; nerves flat or slightly prominent on upper surface, together with veins prominent beneath; petioles '5-8 '5 cm. 1. Inflorescence very young. Peduncle 12 cm. 1., jointed; receptacle cushion-like, concave beneath. Umbel with about -40 fls. (small buds). 5. G. ovalifolia Fawc. tfc Eendle in Journ. Bot. Lciu. 158 (1926). Dendropanax pendulum Britt. in Bull. Torr. Bot. CL xxxix. 2 (1912). Lapland, near Catadupa, 2000 ft. ; Mulgrave, St. Elizabeth, 1300 ft. ; Harris ! Fl. Jam. 9188, 12,378. Shrub 12 'ft. high, or tree 25 ft. Leaves to 13 cm. 1., about half as broad as long, or a little more, oval-elliptical, very shortly acuminate, acute or rarely obtuse, base rounded, emarglnate, or subcordate, nerves together with veins flat or slightly prominent on the upper surface, more so beneath, papery; petioles to 8 cm. 1. Peduncle 26-20 cm. 1., jointed; receptacle somewhat capitate, less than 1 cm. br. Umbel with 55-90 fls. ; pedicels 15-18 mm. 1. Calyx subentire. Petals 4 mm. 1., greenish, triangular, acute. Filaments 6 mrn. 1. Style simple, 2 mm. 1. 6. G. eordifolia comb. nov. Dendropanax cordifolium Britt. in Bull. Torr. Bot. CL xxxix. 4(1912). Woodlands, summit of Dolphin Head, about 1800 ft., Britton & Rollick, 2856 ! Tree, about 20 ft. high. Leaves 20 cm. 1. or less, about two-thirds as broad as long, broadly ovate, apex obtuse or shortly acuminate, base cordate or subcordate, nerves prominent, papery ; petioles stout, about 1 dm. 1. or shorter. Umbel many-flowered. Peduncle inclined, stout, 12-15 cm. 1., not jointed, with bracts at and very near the base. Pedicels rather slender, 2*5 cm. 1. Calyx subentire; tube 4-5 mm. br. Petals white, about 5 mm. 1. Filaments slightly longer than the petals. Style of young fruit very broadly conical, 2 mm. 1. or less. We are indebted to Dr. Britton for a specimen. 7. G. nutans J/V/n-/*. ex Urb. Syml. Ant. i. 201 (1899). Hedera nutans Suo. Proflr. 51 (1788) & >/. Ind. Occ. 514: Macf. J.nn. ii. 193; Griseb. FL Br. W. Intl. 306 (excl. syn. Al). Dendro- panax nutans Decnc. <(• Planch, loc. cit. ; Seem. torn. cit. 300. Specimen from Swartz in Herb. Mus. Brit. Blue Mt. Peak, 7400 ft., Swartz ! MacfuJijcnl McSabl J.P. 983 (in part), Morris [ Harris! Tree, 10-15 ft. high. Leaves 5-14 cm. 1., broadly elliptical, shortly subacumiuate at both ends, nerves slightly prominent on both sides, veins distinct beneath, papery-leathery; petioles to 6 cm. 1. Peduncle 5-7 41'J FLOKA OF JAMAICA Gilibertia cm. 1. ; receptacle 8-10 mm. br., cushion-like, convex above, concave below. Unil't'l with 40 SO fls. ; pedicels 15-20 cm. 1. Petals 4-5 mm. 1., ovate. .S7(/wcH.s- -i'5 mm. 1. Ovary turbinate, about 3 mm. 1. Style conical, 2 mm. 1. S. G. grandis comb, nov. Dendropanax grande Jiritt. in Hull. Tun: Bot. Cl xxxix. 4 (1912). Type in Herb. Kou. In the forest on the road to Grier Park, Moneague, Prior ! Tree, 40 to 50 ft. high. Leaves to 15 cm. 1., elliptical, apex obtuse, base obtuse, nerves about 8 on each side, the two lowest keeping more or less at same distance from margin, together with dense network of veins with small meshes slightly prominent on both sides, papery; petioles stout, to 12 era. 1. Peduncles erect, stout, 3-4 cm. 1. ; receptacle cushion-like, about 10 mm. br. Umbel with 20-50 fls. ; pedicels rather stout, 2 cm. 1. Petals 4* 5 mm. L, lanceolate-triangular. Filaments 5 mm. 1. Ovary about 3 mm. L, subhemispherical. Cited by Grisebach op. cit. 306 and Urban op. cit. 201 under the previous species. 9. G. grandiflora comb. nov. Dendropanax grandiflorum Britt. in Bull Torr. Bot. Cl xxxix. 3 (1912). Peckhani, Clarendon, 2500 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 10,994, 11,011, 11,028, 12,791. Tree, 15-30 ft. high. Leaves 6-12 cm. L, 3-7 cm. br., obovate, apex rounded or sometimes bluntly pointed, base wedge-shaped, leathery ; petioles 1'3 cm. 1. or less. Peduncle 2-5 cm. 1. ; receptacle 5-6 mm. br., flat. Umbel solitary, or sometimes another in axil of uppermost reduced leaf, with 5-11 fls.; pedicels l'5-2 cm. 1. Calyx with ovary 7-8 mm. L, 10 mm. 1. in fr. ; calyx truncate. Petals 7 mm. L, oblong, greenish-yellow. Style 4'5 mm. 1., increasing to 5 or 6 mm. in fr. Fruit ellipsoidal, 10-12 mm. 1. 10. G. blakeana comlt. nov. Dendropanax blakeanum Britt. in Bull. Torr. Bot. CL xxxic. 4 (1912). John Crow (Blake) Mts., 1700 ft., Harris & Brittonl Fl. Jam. 10,761. Slender tree, 25 ft. high. Leaves 4-10 cm. L, 2-4-3 cm. br., obovate- elliptical to elliptical, apex acute or very shortly subacuminate, base wedge-shaped, leathery; }:>etioles 3 mm. 1. — 3 cm. 1. Peduncle about 11 cm. 1. ; receptacle about 6 mm. br. Umbel with about 18 fls. ; pedicels 15-18 mm. 1. to 20 mm. in fr. Floifer-louds just before opening 3 rnm. 1. Calyx with ovary about 2- 5 mm. 1. ; calyx truncate or wavy with rounded lobes. Fruit (fide Britton) subglobose, 5 mm. in diarn., the persistent style 2'5 mm. 1. 11. G. filipes comb, not: Dendropanax filipes Britt. in Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xli. 9 (1914). Peckham, Clarendon, 2500 ft., Harris ! Fl. Jam. 11,057. Slender straggling slirub to 10 ft. high. Leaves 7-12 cm. L, 2-3 '5 cm. br., oblong-elliptical to oblong-oblaiiceolate, apex rounded to acute, base obtuse, upper surface shining, papery; petioles 4'5-'5 cm. 1. Peduncle slender, 7-11 cm. 1. ; receptacle 3 mm. br. Umbel with 10-13 fls.; pedicels slender, 14-19 mm. 1. Calyx with ovary 1*3-1' 5 mm. 1. ; calyx truncate, wavy or toothed. Petals 1-5-2 mm. L, oblong-lanceolate. Hydrocoiyle UMBELLIFEK.K 423 FAMILV XCIIF. UMBELLIFERJS. Herbs often reaching a considerable size ; stem hollow. Leaves alternate or occasionally opposite under the forks of the stem, the petiole usually dilated at the base into a sheath, entire, generally very variously palmately or pinnately divided. Flowers small, umbellate or sometimes in heads ; umbels simple or more often compound, terminal or lateral, solitary or very many in a panicle. Bracts under the outer rays of the umbel and on the pedicels of the umbellules form an involucre and involucels, or rarely are wanting. Flowers hermaphrodite (in Jamaican species) or polygamo-dicecious, rarely dioecious, regular, or subirregular with the outer petals enlarged forming a ray. Calyx of small teeth round the upper edge of the ovary, or wanting. Petals 5, equal or the outer sometimes larger. Stamens 5. Ovary inferior, 2-celled, crowned by a conspicuous disk. Styles 2, distinct. Ovules solitary in each cell, hanging from the apex, anatropous. Fruit inferior, dry, generally crowned by the disk and the styles, marked by longitudinal ribs, between which are the canals (vittse) containing essential oil, separating septicidally into 2 carpels (mericarps), not opening, 1 -seeded, the inner face (commissure) flat, usually leaving the persistent carpophore free from the carpels from the base to the apex, the carpels at length hanging from the apex of the branches of the carpophore. Seed adherent to the pericarp ; endosperm cartilaginous. Embryo small, near the hilum ; radicle superior ; cotyledons short. Species about 2700, numerous in the temperate regions, in the tropics chiefly on the mountains. Umbels simple. Leaves undivided, peltate or cordate 1. Hydrocotyle. Umbels compound. Leaves much divided 3. Apium. Flowers in a dense head. Plant spiny 2. Eryhgium. L HYDROCOTYLE L. Herbs, sometimes perennial, prostrate or rooting at the nodes, sometimes annual and erect, often very small. Leaves entire, palminerved or cut palmately. Stipules small, scarious. Umbels usually simple or the flowers also in distant whorls below the terminal umbel. Bracts of the involucre tVw ( r none. Flowers white or rarely purplish, sometimes unisexual. Treth of the calyx minute or wanting. Petals entire, valvate or imbricate. Disk evident. Fruit compressed from the side, with narrow commissure ; mericarps compressed from the side ; primary ridges nerve-like ; vithu wanting or very slender. Seed compressed from the side. Penny-wort. 424 FLORA OF JAMAICA llij about 75. imMly living in UK list or swampy ground, verv widely dispersed through tin- warmer and tempi-rate rr-infis i>f the world. Leave- p.-ltate. Imloiv-i-t'iice a simple terminal umbel. wers many, pedicillate 1. JT. uinl.">. H. rcpanda Pers. Si/n. i. 302 (1805). Centella asiatica Url. in FL llni*. xi. jjf. 1, 287, /. 78, /. 1 : Bntt. Fl. Bn-m. 273. C. repanda Smnll Fl. S.E. U.S. 859. Specimen in Herb. Linn, named by Linm^us. (Fig. 153.) In marshy places; J/V/.s.scw ! Erouglitonl Bertero; St. ^lary, I'm March I St. Anns Bay; Tiddenham, St. Ann; Prior! Bull Head, J.P. 1522, Hart I Prospect Hill, near Castleton, 2000 ft., Tliontpsoiil near Troy, 1500 ft., Han-is I Fl. Jam. 7956, 8557.— Warmer regions of the world. 426 FLORA OF JAM A K A Hydrocotyle A creeping licrb, rooting at nodes. Leaves to 4 cm. ]., 4 cm. l>r. (or more), coarsely toothed, hairy when vuiing, or becoming glabrate ; pi tioles 2-10 cm. 1., hairy or glabrous. Injluresci'iicf a simple umbel in the leaf-axils, either subsessile or on peduncles which arc usually shorter than the petioles. Jir-4 mm. 1., embracing the flowers. Petals imbricate. Fruit roundish- kidney-shaped, dark brown ; ridges prominent, branching, forming a net- work, the pericarp much thickened, 2 '5-3 mm. 1., 4-5 mm. br. 2. ERYNGIUM L. Herbs mostly perennial. Leaves usually with spiny teeth, undivided or lobecl or deeply cut. Flowers sessile in heads or Fig. 154.— Eryngium fcetidv.m L. A, End of flowering shoot, nat. size. D, Flower cut lengthwise, the petals B, Radical leaf, slightly reduced. having dropped, x 16. C, Head of flowers X 2J. E, Fruit x 10. dense spikes, each flower with a bract, the exterior bracts forming an involucre, hermaphrodite. Calyx-teeth stiff, sharp. Petals with inflexed point. Disk with a thick margin. Fruit Eryngium UM BELLI FEK.-E 427 only slightly compressed, with a broad commissure ; primary ribs equal, scarcely or very slightly prominent — neither ribs nor vitta- evident in West Indian species. Carpophore wanting. Species 220, dispersed throughout temperate and warmer regions, but in Africa only met with in the Mediterranean region. E. foetidum L. Sp. PI 232 (1753); Sic. Obs. 110; J Jam. ii. 187 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 308 ; Oliver Fl. Trop. Afr. ii/. 6; Urb. in Fl. Bra*, ti.pt. 1, 301, t. 79, /. 2, Synth. Ant. iv. 472 & viii. 511; IVolff in Enyl. Pfianzenreich UmbeU/f.- San'tcnloid, 203; Rendle Class!/. Fl. >/. ii. 415, fig. 205. E. foliis angustis serratis &c. Sloane Cat. 127 & Hist. i. 264, t. 156, /'. 3 A: 4. Specimen in Herb. Linn, named by Linnaeus. (Fig. 154.) Spirit Weed, Fit Weed. SlocDic Herb. v. 47, 48 ! Houstoiinl BrougJitonl Shakespear \ Bancroft ! St. Mary, McX'abl Phoenix Park, Moneague, Priori Golden Valley, Thompson \ Hope Grounds, 700 ft., Harris I Fl. Jam. 8042, 11,888 ; Hardware Gap, G. E. Nichols, 105 ! — West Indies, trop. cont. America. Biennial herb, 1-2 ft. high, with 2-forked branching. Leaves : radical to 25 cm. 1., l'5-2'5(— 4) cm. br., lanceolate or oblanceolate, apes obtuse, clasping the stem at the base, coarsely toothed, teeth mucronate ; lower stem-leaf like the radical leaves but smaller and more deeply toothed, the rest smaller still and with the apex 3-5-cleft. Flower-heads cylindrical, tc 1*5 cm 1. Bracts of the involucre 5-6, leaf -like, to 3 cm. 1., unequal, lanceolate, acute, the margins entire or with a few spiny teeth. Sepals •5-1 mm. 1. Petals '6- '7 mm. 1. Fruit covered with scales, to 2 rnni. 1. 3. APIUM L. Annual or perennial herbs, glabrous. Leaves thrice-pinnate (or pinnate). Umbels compound, opposite the leaves in Jamaican species. Involucre and involucel wanting in Jamaican species. Flowers white. Calyx-teeth wanting. Petals ovate. Fruit laterally compressed. Mericarps with 5 ribs, and single vittaa between the ribs. Species about 30, dispersed throughout almost the whole wt > rid. A. leptophyllum -P. i-. J/~>"7/. ex B< ntli. FL Auxlr. Hi. 372 (1*66); Sprae/ue in Journ. Bot. Lei. 129. A. ammi L'rb. in FL Bras. .'•>'. pt.'l. :U1, /. HI (1879) (non Crantz) & Si/ ml. Ant. viii. 512 : Coult. <(• Rose in Contrib. U.S. Nat. H<-rl>. vii. 86 : Small FL S.E. U.S. eV. 1!'. L,,L 308. H. Ammi Brltt. FL Benn. 279 (1918) ; 11,-ltt. <(• MUl^>. Jl. (fi0'. 1-26, c, c') . .825, 326 jamaicensis Britt. <& Harris 327 <>bl«nijn>wnc 277 bracliiatus d articulatus snbincnnis dc. Browne i^Ti cochenillifer L. 274 cylindraci'iis ,ir. Browne . 27'J cijlindraccns . . . 2>usillus dc. Browne . . . . 282 d, 'bills dc. Browns Dillcnii Ker-Gtiwl. . . 273 erect us . . . tenuior dc. Browne - Ficus-indica L. ... 278 •2 F 434 OF JAMAICA Cactus — contimi' . . . . \ us 1 2M Jnt)>:ilis dr. i'.iMinie . . 2-:'. incrm';* dr. I'iani. . . 2>4 M. In* L - mi fix .1 « . y./ . . . 2>r> jv -vs Z/ 284 • ititicus mi', mis dc. Browne 284 lulnlus Sir 284 •eskia L ^72 • •urianns L 279 Ph iillantli us L. . . .286 polyanthos Bot. Mag. . . i^TT sarmcntvxnx dr. Uroirnc . 27:-! triangularis L. (fig. 108, c) 280 Tuna L 276 Calaba dc. Plum 200 CALOPHYLLUM L 199 brasiliense Camb. . . . 200 Burmanni Wight . . . 200 Calaba Jacq 200 foli is d~c. Browne . . . 1:98 Jacquinii Fa\vc. & Keiidle (fig. 77) .... 199, 200 longifolium Willd. . . 200 CALYCOGO^IDM DC. . . . 382 glabratum DC. ... BS2 glabratum Macf. . . . 383 rharnnoideum Naud. (fig. 138) 383 CALYPTRAXTHES Sw. . . . 318 acutissirna Urb. . . . 322 cliytraculia Suit. . . . 322 chytraculia Sw. discolor Urb. . Fawcettii Kr. & "Crb. irnpressa Urb. . Alaxonii Britt. & Urb. nodosa Urb. pallens Griseb. rigida Macf. rigida Sw. rigida Tuss Syzygium Sic Tussaceana Berg . umbelliformis Kr. & Urb. Urbanii Fawc. & Eeudle . Wilsonii Griseb. Zuzygium Sw. (fig. 125) 320, Camellia sinensis Kiintzc . Tliea Link viridis Link 324 ai9 321 320 323 322 320 319 324 320 324 321 323 320 321 189 189 189 COlliililh . Us dr. . \ViutcruiKi < lacrtn. (fig. CANELLACK.1-: . . . CARDIO>!'I KMUM L. corindum L. grandiflorum Sw. (fig. hulicacabum L. lialicacabum L. A, lialicacabum L. Herb. loxensr A' mi th . microcarpum H. B. mollc K until scandens etc. Browne villosnm &c. Browne villosum Mac/. CARICA L. 21) PAOK . 207 82) 207, 208 . 207 . 46 . 18 47 48 49 18 , 49 48 49 48 48, 49 , 49 244 244 246 245 246 246 : K. 244 fronde &c. Browne jamaiceiisis Urb . Papaya L. (fig. 94) posoposa L prosoposa Lun. sylvestris minor lobisminus d-c. Browne .... 246 CARICACEJE 243 Carrot 429 Carijoplujllus aromaticus Ind. Occ. foliis &c. Pluk. . . . 327 r'"lio &c. Pink 326 foliis. . .altcrnis £c. Browne 326 fo His... oppositi s (£c .Browne 327 fntticosus d~c. Browne . 338 fniticosus Hill. . . . 338 Lauri &c. Pink. . . . 326 Pimento Mill 326 raccmoaus Mill. . . . 327 C a s h e w T r e e 6 Candela americana Catcsby . 301 CANELLA Sw 207 alba Murr. _0i CASE ARIA Jacq. aculeata Jacq. . arborea Urb. cuntracta Urb. . guianensis Urb. hirsuta Sw. liirta Griseb. hirta Sw. mollis H. B. & K. . nitida Jacq. (fig. 84) odorata Macf. . par VI flora Macf. rami flora VaJtL serrata Macf. . scrrulata Griseb. . spinosa Willd. . atipularis Vent. sylvestris Sw. . C a s s a d a Wood. . 212 . 215 . 213 . 221 . 214 . 216 . 216 . 215 . 216 212, 213 . 215 . 214 215, 216 . 213 . 213 . 215 . 213 . 214 38 INDEX 435 PAGE Cassia Cinamomca s. Cinamo- inum sylvestri Barbadcn- sium &c. Pink 207 CASSIPOUREA Aubl. . . . 301 Brittoniana Fawc. & Rendle 303 elliptica Poir. (fig. 118) . 302 subcordata Britt. . . . 303 subsessilis Britt. . . . 303 Cassuvium ppmiferum Lain. . 6 Cassuvium Rumph. ... 5 Cassytha filiformis Mill. . . 2S4 CAYAPONIA Manso .... 267 racemosa Cogn. (fig. 103) . 268 Ceanothus asiaticus L. 70 Chtoroxylon Nees ... 64 colubrinus Macf. ... 68 ferreus DC 65 rcclinatus L'Herit. . . 68 Sarcomphalus DC. . . 66 sphxrocarpus DC. . . 71 Cedar, Bastard . . 157, 158 Ceiba . . ... . . .150 CEIBA Gaertn 150 casearia Medic. . . . 150 pentandra Gaertn. (fig. 56) 150 Cenchramidea &c. Pink. . . 192 jamaicensis inori folia <£c. Pluk 157 Centelia asiatica Urb. . . . 425 repanda Small . . . .425 Cephalocereus Swartzii Britt. & Hose 279 Cerasee 259, 260 Cerasee, Smaller. . . 260 Ceratonia affinis siliqiiosa <£c. Sloane 170 CEREUS Miller 278 alatus DC 286 altissimus <£c. Trcw . . 279 altissimns gracilwr Ac. Sloane 279 crassissimus etc. Sloane . 279 eriophorus Herb. Berol. . 280 flagelliformis Miller (fig. 108, A, B) 282 gracilis Miller .... 279 cjracilis scandens &c. Trew 280 grandifiorus Miller (fig. 108, D) 280 minimus scandens tCc. Ehrct 282 minima serpens (&c. Sloane 2*2 peruvianus Britt. & Jrtose 279 peruvianus Miller . . . 279 »andus Haworth . . 27') Swartzii Griseb. 279 triangularis Haw. 280 PAGE 379 Chsenopleura quadrafigularis Macf. ....... Cliumxcistus caule hirsute &c. Sloane ....... 230 •urticfn folio <&c. Sloane . 229 Changeable Rose or Hibiscus ..... 139 CHARIANTHUS Don. . . . 365 Fadyenii Griseb. (fig. 135) 366 tinifolius D. Don ... 367 Chaw Stick ..... 72 Chayota edulis Jacy. . . . 258 Chew Stick ..... 72 Chitonia albicans Don . . 381 macrophylla D. Don . . 369 Chloroxylum foliis &c. Browne 64 Cho-cho ...... 258 Chocolate Tree . . . 160 Chytraculia arborea d~c. Browne ...... 322 Chytraculia Milhp. , . 322 CINXAMODENDROX Endl. . . 208 corticosum Miers (fig. S3) 209 Cionandra racemosa Griseb. . 269 CIONOSICYS Griseb. . . . 264 pomiformis Griseb. (fig. 101) . . . 243, 264, 265 Cissus L ....... 76 acida L ...... 78 alatus Jacl;A OF .lAMAIi A PAGE CLIDEMIA— confine d. capillaris Griseb. . . . 390 crossof)ctala Cogn. . . . 390 crossosi^ala Griseb . 389, 390 irijtliropogon DC. . . . 386 Griesbacliii Cogn.. . . 390 Jiirsuta Griseb 397 hirsute Mncf 398 hirta D. Don (fig. 140) 386, 387 hirtcUa Griseb 397 lima Griseb 398 microphylla Griseb. . . 397 pilosa Cogn 389 plumosaDC 389 scabrosa Griseb. . . 399, 400 septuplinervia Cogn. . . 389 spicataDC 388 strigillosa DC 388 Swartzii Griseb. . . . 389 umbrosa Cogn. . . . 389 Climbing Melon . . . 264 Clove 11 Berries . . . 216 CLUSIA L 191 arbor ea dc. Browne . . 193 clarendonensis Britton . 195 fiava Jacq 193 flore roseo &c. Plum. . . 192 havetioidea Planch. & Tr. 194 major L 192, 193 rosea Jacq. (fig. 74) . 192, 193 siivicola Britton . . . 192 stenocarpa Urb. . . . 194 Co by 56 Coccinia cordifolia Cogn. . . 266 grandis Roem 266 Cock spur 216 Cocoa 160 Cogwood 64 Cola 171 COLA Schott 170 acuminata Schott & Endl. 170 Colocynth 264 COLUBRIXA L. C. Rich. . . 67 asiatica Brongn. ... 69 Colubrina Millsp. ... 68 ferruginosa Brongn. . . 68 reclinata Brongn. (fig. 32) 68 COMBRBTACB^. ... 303 COMBBETUM L 312 Jacquinii Griseb. . . . 312 laxum Siv 312 Marchii Fawc. & Rendle (fig. 123, A-C) . . 312, 313 Robinsonii Fawc. & Rendle (fig. 112, D) . . . 312, 313 Cominia arborea dc. Browne . 50 •COMOCLADIA L 10 caudice &c. Broii'iic 11 COMOCLADIA — cordata I'.ritt. . grandidentata lii-itt. . Hollickii Britt. . . integrifol/ia J/<>]>iiiqua Griseb. ... 13 juibescens Engl. ... 11 troyensis Fawc. & Rendle 14 velutina Britt Concombrc cristophine Desc. . 258 Condalia fcrrea Griseb. . . 65 Congo M ah oe . . . . 139 Conium arracacha Hook. . . 429 CONOCARPUS L 308 erecta L. (fig. 121) ... 309 foliis elliptico-ovatis d'C. Browne 311 foliis oblongis &c. Browne 309 procumbeus L 311 racemosa L 311 COXOSTEGIA Don .... 361 alpina Macf. .... 365 alternifolia Macf. . . . 365 Balbisiana Ser. (Fig. 134) 362, 363 formosa Macf. .... 364 glabra Macf. .... 365 gloriosa Macf. .... 362 Grisebachii Cogn.. . . 363 macropliylla Nand. . . 365 montana D. Don . . . 364 procera D. Don . . . 362 rufescens Naud. . . . 364 subhirsuta DC. . . . 364 superba Naud. . . . 365 Corchoro affinis chamxdryos d-c. Sloane 85 COKCHORUS L acutangulus Lam. . aestuans L campestris Macf. . capsularis L coreta Elmgrcn. ... 88 hirsutus L 87 liirtus var. K. Sclium. . 86 lanuginosns Macf. . . fe7 linearis Mill 85 olitorius L 87,88 orinocensis H. B. & K. (fig. 38) 56 pilob'olus auct siliquosus L 85 Coreta foliis minoribus d'C. Browne ... 85 INDEX •"> — PAGE Cork Wood 153 Cotton 147 Bourbon . . . . 149 Chain or Kidney . 147 S. American . . . 149 Sea Island and LongStaple . . 149 Short Staple . . . 148 Stainer 152 Cotyledon aquatica Sloane . 424 Crantzia l&vigata Sw. ... 2 Cronanium amygdatinum Griseb 393 axilla re Macf 393 integrifolium Macf. . . 371 rigidum Macf. .... 379 ntbens DC. ' . . . 377, 378 tetrandrum Griseb. . . 378 thcczans DC 378 trincrvc Macf. .... 370 virgatum Griseb. . . . 394 Crornanty' 56 Crossopetalum fniticulosum &c. Browne 28 pallens Kuntze ... 28 RJiacoma Crantz ... 28 Cuba Bark 141 Cucumber 263 CUCUMIS L 261 acutangulus L. 261 africanus Bot. Reg. . . 259 Anguria L. (fig. 100) . . 262 angurix &c. Sloane . . 263 Citrullus Ser 264 Colocynthis Schrad. . . 264 foliis multipartitis Browne 264 jamaicensis Bert. . . . 263 jamaicensis Gaud. . . 263 Melo L 263 minima &c. Sloane . . 256 pnniceus Sloane . . . 260 sativus <&c. Broicne . , 263 sativus L 263 subhirsutus £c. Browne . 263 sylvcstris &c. Pluk. . . 262 trilobus L 264 Cucurbita &c. Sloane . . . 266 arbor forte foliis subro- tundis d~c. Sloane . . 306 arbor forte .... lanttgine ferruginco &c. Sloane . 308 Citrullns L 264 fructu maximo&c. Broicne 2('>r> lugenaria L 266 oblongis .... nasccntibits Sloane 307 lillosad'c. Browne. . . 266 CUCUBBITACE^B 253 PACK Cuf fey Wood . . . . 217 CUPANIA L ....... 53 Cupania Plum ...... 55 americana Gaertn. americana L apetala Macf. .... arborea <&c. Browne glabra Sw. (fig. 24) . . multijiiga Rich. oppositifolia Rich. saponarioides Sic. . .52 tomentosa Sw CUPHEA Adans ciliata Koehne decandra R. Br. ignea A. DC Melanium R. Br. . Parsonsia R. Br. (fig. 113) petiolata Koehne . platycentra Lemaire . racemosa Spreng. . radicans Macf. viscosissima Jacq. Currant Cactus . CYRILLA L antillana Michx. . racemiflora L. (fig. 8). CYRILLACE^E .... Cytisus arboreus foliis &c. Sloane Damson Tr ee . Daphne Lagctto Wright occidentalis Sit'. tinifolia Sw DAPHNOPSIS Mart. & Zucc. . americana Urb. caribaea Griseb. occidentalis Kr. & Urb. (fig. 112) Swartzii Meisn. tinifolia Griseb. Daucus Carota L DA VILLA Vand brasiliana DC. ciliata A. Rich. rugosa Poir. (fig. 65, A-C) Sagnvana A. Rich. Davy a adscendcns Griseb. guyancnsis DC. D'Aycnia pusilla Mill. Dendropanax (irlmrcuni Dccnc. & Planch blakeauum Britt. . cordifolinm Jin ft . elongatum Britt. . jilipcs Britt. . grande Britt 55 55 56 55 54 55 56 55 55 291 293 294 292 293 292 293 292 294 292 293 285 18 18 18 18 59 352 287 289 290 288 290 290 289 289 290 429 171 172 172 172 172 358 358 1G1 420 4'22 421 421 422 438 FLORA OF JAMAICA Dendropanax — con /inn, . iiniiutijlonuH Jtritt. . . Hittaiis 1 1, i / e. ii Planch. . i>, minium liritt. . . . pendulum Dc< ne.<£ 1'nmcli. Dildo . ...... DILLENIACEJE .... Diplocltita ? angustitlora Ucnth. Fothergilla Mac/. . . . PAQK -\-\ 279 171 380 369 rulata DC S ana DC. . . Doctor Tree . . . L angustifolia Liun.f. . Burmanniana DC. . jamaicensis DC. .. viscosa Jacq. (fig. 26) . 369 369 9 57 59 59 59 58 D o -\v n T r e e ..... 153 Dutchman's Laudanum 240 East Indian Ochra . . . 261 Ecliinomdocactus Sloane . . 283 EL.EODE^DRO^ Jacq. f. 33 attenuation Griseb. . . 33 dicecuni Griseb. (fig. 15) . 33 glaucum Pers 35 xylocarpum DC. ... 33 Eriodcndron anfractnosum DC. 150 EROTEUM Sw 184 liirsutum Maza . . . 187 theteoides Sw. (fig. 70) . 185 undnlatum Sw. . . . 187 ERYXGIUM L 426 fcetidum L. (fig. 154) . 426, 427 foliis ancjnstis scrratis d~c. Sloane 427 EUGENIA L 329 abbreviata Urb. . . . 344 acutiloba DC 339 seruginea DC 337 Alexandri Kr. & Urb. . . 340 alpina Willd 336 amplifolia Urb. . . . 336 axillaris Willd. . . . 346 balsamica Jacq. . . . 351 barnensis Jac /. . . . 346 biflora DC 338 brachytbrix Urb. . . . 340 bracteataMacf. .... 351 Brownei Urb buxifolia Griseb. . buxifolia Willd. (fig. 128) 343, 344 chrysophylloid.es Macf. . 337 clarejadonensis Urb. . . 349 confusa DC. 348 350 348 Kr<; I:NIA — continual . crenata Berg . dicliotiniin I>C. disticba DC !ri*< •//. PAGE dnmosa emarninfitfi Nacf. eperforata Urb. Fadyenii Kr. & Urb. . fili form is Macf. floribunda West fragrans Willd. glabrata DC ..... aJfibrafa Macf. .... Gregii DC ...... Harrisii Kr. & Urb. . Hartii Kiacrsk. beterocbroa Urb. . isosticta Urb ..... jamaicensis Berg . Jambolana Lam. . Jambos L ...... lampropbylla Urb. la trri flora Griseb. . ligustrina Willd. . ludibunda Bert. Macnabiana Urb. . malaccensis L. ... mandevillensis Urb. . Marchiana Griseb. modesta DC ..... monticola DC ..... monticola Griseb. . Nicholsii Fawc. & Rendle oligandra Kr. & Urb. . pallens DC ..... pallens Griseb. pallens Poir ..... periplocifolia Jacq. . . Pimento, DC ..... polyneura Urb. polypora Urb ..... procera Nutt ..... pycnoneura Urb. . Rendlei Urb ..... rbombea Kr. & Urb. . rigidifolia Griseb. rotundifolia Macf. Schulziana Urb. . Sloanei Urb ..... sulcivenia Kr. & Urb. uniflora L ...... rirgata Macf. .... virgultosa DC. Wallenii Macf. Wilsonella Fawc.& Rendle Eurycliscnia punctata Griseb. . 351 34] 342 350 337 349 351 346 348 337 341 340 333 347 340 352 336 343 334 339 337 352 335 339 347 346 342 337 338 342 322 328 326 350 348 349 350 343 349 337 351 345 347 337 334 339 339 339 345 376 INDEX 439 PAGE EXOTHEA Macf 6L oblongifolia Macf. . . 61 paniculata Radlk. (fig. 28) 61 F punctatum Schnm. . . 1 purpurascens Poir. . . i religiosum L I rcligiosum Pad. . . . 147 tricuspidatum Lam. . . 148 GOUANIA Jacq 72 domingensis L. ... 72 glabra, Jaaj 72 lupuloides Urb. (fig. 34) . 72 Granadilla 235 Gran adit t:i L Grcenheart . . . . 64,68 (illlASL : cuulitlora L. (fig. 116) Gross it la ria . . . fntctii niyro Sloane ...".... 374 Grossularias... folio maximo dc. Shane . . . 377 440 FLORA OF JAMAICA I'AGK Qrossularise— fnictn ii <((-. Sloanc .... G4 frnct/i mujn,' <(:c. Shane 273 < ; r owing Stick . . . 4 1 s GUAXTMA Adans 157 bubronni T/iss. . . . 157 Gnazuma Cocli'erell . . 157 tomcntosa H. B. d- K. . 157 ulmifolia Lam. (fig. 59) . 157 Gnidonia Macf. 380 trincrvis Macf. . . . 380 Harrisia eriophora Britt. . . 280 gracilis Britt 280 undata Britt 280 Hartmannia rose a G. Don . 412 Heart-pea 47 Hearts-ease . . . . 211 Hcdera arbor ca Sir. . . . 420 capitata Smitli . . . . 417 pendula Griscb. . . . 420 pendula Sw 420 Sciodaphyllum Sic. . . 415 HEIMIA Link & Otto ... 296 grandiflora Hook. . . . 297 salicifolia Link (fig. 115) 296, 297 HELICTERES L 155 apetala Jacq 169 arbor ind. Occident. &c. Pluk 155 barbadensis Jacq. . . . 155 brevior Mill 156 Isora var. & L. . . . 155 jamaicensis Jacq. (fig. 58) 155 spiralis Northrop . . . 156 villosa d-c. Browne . . . 155 Helosciadiiim Ammi Britt. . 427 leptopliyllum DC. . . . 427 Hemp, Deccan or Arabari 135 Henna 297 HEKRIETTEA DC. 391 grandifolia Macf. racemosa Macf. ramiflora DC. (fig. A-C) .... ramiflora Macf. HEXRIETTELLA Naud. . fascicularis Triana 141, . 391, 395 394 392 395 394 395 HENKII vi i I.LA — continual. ^Incfadycnii Triana . scssilifolia Triana (fig. 141, D-G) Heteronoma diver sifolium Link d Otto HETEROTRICHUM DC'. . dubium ^f(n:f. .... liixpiduin Griti'b. . inri'iim DC octandrum ^[a<•f. . octonum DC patens DC umbellatum Urb. (fig. 139) viscosnm Macf. HIBISCUS L Abelmoscbus L. aqnaticus Tnssac . arborescens &c. Broicnc. . arborens Dcsv arborcjis &c. Browne . Bancroftianus Macf. . bifurcatus Cav. brasiliensis L cannabinus L clypeatus L dominqcnsis Jacq. . elatus Sw esculcntus L foliis cordatis tt'c. Plum. . foliis cordato-angulatis d'C. Plum foliis cordato - ovatis &c. Plum foliis trilobis &c. Plum. . fnttescens &c. Browne 'fruticosus diffusus &c. Browne liispidus &c. Browne . lavateroides Picric. lunarifolius Willd. malvaviscus L. ... moscheutos Wiight mutabilis L pentaspermus Bcrtero. pliccniceus Jacq. pilosus Fa we. & Handle (fig- 52) populneus L radiatus Cav ramosus £c. Browne . Kosa-sinensis L. . rufcscens d~c. Browne . Sabdariffa L spinifex L spirnlis Cav tampicensis Moric. tiliaceus L. PAGE 395 395 358 384 384 :;M 385 384 384 388 134 142 139 153 140 141 138 135 136 135 139 139 141 142 129 139 137 139 133 139 142 136 138 133 142 139 143 136 137 145 136 142 138 136 136 129 137 143 140 INDEX 441 PAGE HIBISCUS— continued. tomentosus Mill. . trilobus Aubl Trionum L tmncatus Ricli. unilatcralis Cav. . vitifolius L HIPPOCRATEA L land folia Wilson . . . malpigliise-folia, Griscb. . oblongataSolander (fig. 16) ovata ' Mac/. .... HIPPOCRATEACE/E . . Hisingera nitida Hellenius . Hog Gum Tree. . . -9 Hog Plum HOMALIUM Jacq integrifolium Britton. racemosum Jacq. (fig. 89) H o o p W 1 1 h e . . • • . Hudsunia arbor ea A. Robinson HYDROCOTYLE L asiatica L brevipes DC foliis orbiculatis peltatis &c. Browne . . . • liumilior foliis semi-ellip- ticis &c. Browne. pusilla A. Rich. re pan da Pcrs umbellata L verticillata Thunb. Hylenxa jamaicensis Miers Hylocercus triangular is Britt. & Rose Hypclata paniculata Camb. . HYPELATE Sw fntticosa £c. Browne . trifoliata Sw. (fig. 27). HYPERICACEJE . . . . Icacina dubia Macf. ICACINACE^ ". . • • ILEX L. .....-• cuneifolia Hool;. dioica Griscb iiorifera Fa\vc. & Rendle . Harrisii Loes montana Griscb. . nitida Maxim, (fig. 9) obcordata Sw occidentals Macf. sideroxyloides Gri^eb. subtriflora Griseb. uniflora Favvc. & Rendle, vaccinoides Loes. . ILICINE^E .... Indian Almond 139 138 140 138 136 140 36 37 37 36 36 35 226 ,198 16 223 •^24 223 70 308 423 425 425 424 425 424 425 424 424 37 280 61 59 59 59 202 39 39 20 21 22 24 22 20 22 21 21 22 21 23 24 19 3< i.o Indian Fig Iron herbaceusdc. Bn.irn.- Iron Wood . .38,90,189, Itoucana guiancnsis Aubl. Irsiola scandens dc. Browne . scandens foliis &c. A. Robinson .... triphijlla scandens et clavi- culata d'c. Browne . . tripliylla scandens, foliis ifc. Browne .... Isnardia ? folio dc. Browne . microcarpa Poir. . natans Small . palustris Ell repens DC Isora crassiori Plum. . . Itea Cyrilla Sw PAGE 177 349 215 77 76 78 78 294 40'J 409 410 409 156 18 Jamaica Rose . Jamaica Sumach. J ambolan Jambosa malaccensis DC. . •purpurasccns DC. vulgaris DC Jews Mallow . . . • John Bull Tree . . • Jussie herissee Dcscourt. . JUSSIEUA L acuminata Siv. angustifolia Lam. erecta L. (fig. 146, F) . 406, erecta Mill erecta Sw grandiflora Ruiz & Par. . hirsuta Mill hirta Sw. . . leptocarpa Xutt 146, H ) . . lini folia Valil macrocarpa H. B. octonervia Lam. octovalvis Sw. . Onagra Mill. . palustris Mey. . peruviana L pilosa H. B. d K. . pubescens L repens L. (fig. 146, G) 407, sedoides Humb. & Bonpl. speciosa Ridl suffruticosa L. (fig. 146. A-K) 407, riabilis Mey. . • villosa Lam Kapok 400 9 352 352 352 352 87 (fig. _ K. 145 405 404 406 408 407 407 405 407 405 408 406 405 407 407 406 407 405 406 407 408 405 405 408 406 407 152 442 FLORA OF JAMAI PAGE Kulu ........ 171 Kuvi i i.l-i ZKYA Prcxl 53) Kjitiiitn 7Y1 fostida Cav ..... iiiil LUNANIA Hook ...... 221 polydactyla Urb. . . . 222 racemosa Hook. (ii. . 2-2 Lupnlns sylvestris dec. Pin: . . 72 Lysimachia. . .foliis glabris dc. Sloane. ...... 407 major dx. Sloane ... minor dc. Sloane ... - 7 non papposa dc. PlnJ:. . 88 LYTHRACK.1-: .... Lijtlirum ciliatum Sw. Melanin m L ..... 29i Parsonsia L ..... 2'J3 petrolatum L ..... 293 M ah oe, Bastard . . . 170 Blue or Mountain . 141 Bombast . . . . 153 Rose 133 Sea-side . . . . 141, 145 Smaller 132 Maiden Plum . . . . 11 Malache scabra B. CTi. Vogcl . 132 troj/ana Britt 132 MALACHRA L 122 alcesefolia Jacq. . . . 124 capital a Cav 124 capitata Griseb. . . . 124 capitata L. (fig. 48) . . 123 capitata Macf. . . 124 capitata Wright . . . 126 ciliata Poir 125 fasciata Jacq 125 humilis Benth. . . .125 mexicana Sclirad. . . , 123 palmata Moench . . . 123 radiata Griseb. . . . 125 radiata L 125 rotundifolia Schrank . . 124 urens Poit 124 Mali pt-rsicw Mamcyee d'c. Sloane 200 Malo punicse. Sloane . . . 315 Mains Persica maxima dc. Sloane £01 Malva americana L. 106 americana abutili dc. Sloane 163 INDEX 443 3Ialva — continue^. arborea &c. Slot, arborea folio d~e. Sloane . arborea maritime d'c. Sloane ..... arborea...veluto i 372 371 375 374 3G9 403 398 397 365 385 376 385 380 385 374 389 389 375 362 394 374 378 392 379 377 400 358 . 372 . 386 xiii, 395 . 388 . 374 385, 388 . 400 . 365 . 369 . 369 . 377 . 378 . 372 . 385 . 394 . 353 53 53 61 53 53 Melo fructu dc. Browne MBLOCACTUS Link & Otto communis Link & Otto MELOCHIA L crcnata Vahl . . . Mill ..... domingensis Jacq. . frutexcens &c. Browne . licrlncfu (0c. Browne . . hirsutci Cav ..... lupulina Sw. (fig. 62, A-C) nodiflora Sw ..... pilosa Fawc. & Rendle . pyramidata L. ... serrata St. Bil. ... tomentosa L ..... Turpiniana H. B. & K. . vcnosa Sw ..... villosa Fawc. & Rendle . Melon ....... Melon Thistle . . . . MELOTHRIA L ...... fluminensis Gardn. . . foliis cordatis £c. Plum. . guadalupensis Cogn. (fig. 97) ...... pcndula L ...... pervaga Griseb. . . . scandens &c. Browne . . MEXTZELIA L ...... aspera L. (fig. 95) . . 247 foliis &c. Plum. ... setis &c. Browne . . . MERIANIA Sw ...... bullifera Griseb. . . . leucantha Sw. (fig. 133) . purpurea Macf. . . . purpurea Sw ..... rosea Macf. . . . . rosea Tussac .... MICOXIA Ruiz & Pav. . . . albicans Triana . . . anceps Naud ..... angustifolia Griseb. . . attenuata DC. . . . chrysophylla Urb. . . ciliata DC ...... discolor Macf ..... dodecandra Cogn. . . . elata DC ...... elliptica Macf. .... eriodonta DC ..... cunjclixnioides Griseb. . fulva DC ...... furfuracea Griseb. . . holosericea DC. . . . impetiolaris D. Don . . laevigata DC. (fig. 136) . PA< 282 1''- 1 14:'. 1G5 163 164 164 165 165 164 165 256 255 255. 255 ^56 255 247 248 248 248 359 361 360 361 361 360 367 372 372 382 375 375 376 376 369 377 374 377 375 370 372 371 373 INDEX 445 MICONIA — continued. macrophylla Macf. macrophylla Triaua microbotrya Naud. millc flora Naud. . multispicata Naud. obovalis Naud. 2>alustris Macf. I'AGE 371 369 377 378 371 374 375 prasina DC 375 puuctata D. Don . . . 376 quadrangularis Naud. . 37^ racc-mosa Naud. . . . 376 rigida Triana .... 379 rubens Naud 377 rufescens Macf. . . . 372 scandens Ruiz d Pav. . 358 scorpioidcs Naud. . . . 372 splendens Griseb. . . . 374 tetranda D. Don . . . 377 theeezans Cogn. . . . 37S trinervia D. Don . . . 372 trincrvis Griseb: . . . 370 triplinervis Ruiz & Pav. . 370 Mistletoe 285 MODIOLA Moench .... 103 caroliniana (fig. 43) G. Don 103 multifida Moench . . . 103 Moluchia pyramidata Britton . 165 tomcntosa Britton . . . 166 MOMORDICA L 258 Balsarnina L 260 Charantia L. (fig. 99) . 258, 259 cylindrica L 261 glabra &c. Broivne . . . 260 siibhirsuta dc. Browne . 259 zeylanica Mill 260 Momordique Descourt. . . 259, 260 Morass Bark . . . . 133 Moronobea coccinea Aubl. . 9, 198 Moschoxylon A. Robinson. . 55 Mosquito Wood . . . 9 MOSQUITOXYLUM Kr. & Urb. . 9 jamaicense (fig. 5) Kr. A: Urb 9 Mougcotia hirsuta H. B. d K. 165 inflate H.B.&K. . . 163 nodiJJora H. B. & K. . . 164 polystachya H. B. d K. . 164 Mountain Bay. . . 205, 324 Kryouy 269 Cinnamon. . . . 209 Ebony 68 S w e e t C u p . . . . 234 Supplejack . . . 44 \V i 1 d O 1 i v e . . . . 308 MOURIRIA Juss 402 my rtilloides Poir. (fig. 1 4 •> i 4U2, 403 MUNTINGIA L Calabura L. (fig. 39) . . fruticosa dc. Browne . pcdunculis unijloris L. . rosea Karst Murucuia occllata Pers. . MuskOchra Seed Mutton Wood . Myginda latifolia Sw. . pallens Banks .... Rhacoma Sw uragoga Rich MYRCIA DC rtcris DC Fenzliaiia Berg leptoclada DC. splendens DC. (fig. 127, A-D) Myrobalanus folio d'c. Sloane. minor d'c. Sloane . Myroxylon nitidum Kuntze . schsefferioides Kr. d: Urb. . MYRTACE^E Myrti folio arbor cortice d'c. Sloane Murto affinis arbor dc. Sloane affi 1 1 i a bu x ifo liisdc. Sloane Mijrtus acris Sw alpina Sic arborea dc. Sloane arborea inodora . . . mono- pyreno Sloane . axillaris Sit) bi flora L brasiliana L buxifolia Siv caryopliyllata Jacq. Chytraculia L. disticha Bot. Mag. disticJia Sw foliis uvato - lanceolatis Plum fragrans Sw glabrata Sw Jiorizontalis }'cnt. . ligustrina Sw monticola Sw L Sir rirgultosa Sir Znzugium L PAGE 88 89 90 90 90 243 142 142 38 29 29 28 29 327 327 329 328 328 15 17 226 227 313 402 337 343 327 336 326 339 346 338 334 343 327 322 341 341 328 351 346 341 334 326 328 339 320 Xi.rsr.r.A Xaud 355 iiqiKitifii Naud. (fig. 130). 356 Nesxa .^ilicifolia 11. //. d- K. . 297 Nlunidirolxi etc. Plioii. . .271 Nigh t-b looming Cere us 281 440 FLORA OF JAMA. PAGH PAJLEA Sulm-I\vck . . . 27 1 cochenillifer Salin-I >yck . 106) . . . .274, 275 OSS/KA — continu, . hirtella Triana 01 HNA( K.K ..... ( khna nitidii Sic ..... ( i c 1 1 r a ....... O c h r a , Musk, or Wild . OCHROMA Sw ...... La(j<>2'i(x Sic ..... pyramidale Urb (fig. 57). tomentosa Willd. . Octoplenra micrantha Griscb.. (E^OTHERA L. . assunjcnx glabra <(c. Browne ..... assurgcns hirsuta d'C. Browne ..... DrurDm.ondii .... hcrbacea repens Browne . hirsuta &c. Plum. . iiirta L ...... longiflora ..... octovalvis Jcu .... rosea Soland ..... r libra Cav tetraptera ..... Oldenlandia a^uatica dc. Browne ...... Olive Bark Tree . . . Onagra lauri folia &c. Fcuillee ONAGKACE^B .... OPUSTIA Miller ..... cochinelifera Mill. Dillenii Haworth . Ficus-indica Miller humilis Haw ..... jamaicensisBritt. & Harr. major spinosa dc. caules- cens Sloanc .... maxima folio dc. Sloane . non spinosa dc. Sloane polyantha Haw. pseudo-tuna Salm-Dyck . spinosissima Miller Tuna Miller (fig. 107) . . OREOPAXAX Decne. & Planch. capitatum Decne. & Planch, (fig. 151) . 416, Orleana &c. Pluh. OSS.EA DO ....... asperifolia Triana (fig. 143) 398, brachystachya Xaud. . Eggersiana Urb. . fascicularis Grifeb. glomerata Triara . hirsuta Triana 173 170 143 152 277 152 153 410 407 411 407 405 405 411 407 411 412 411 409 307 405 403 275 274 278 278 277 277 277 274 2S6 277 278 277 276 416 417 205 396 399 393 398 395 399 397 lima Triana micrantha Macf. . microphylla Triana . j >ratc ))*ix Mticf. purnitntxci ;;.s Macf. . -'.•abrosa DC. Ota heite Apple Plum ..... OURATEA Auol ..... elegans Urb. guianensis Engl. . jamaicensis Urb. . laurifolia Engl. (fig. 66) nitida Engl. 397 393 398 397 397 394 400 352 17 174 175 176 176 174 175 Palmis affinis &c. Sloanc . . 298 Pansy 211 Pap aw Tree 244 Papaya Hughes .... 244 major flore et fructu majoribus &c. Sloane . 244 major fore et fructu minoribus &c. Sloane . 244 minor &c. Sloane . . . 246 sativa Tuss 244 Parsnip 429 Paritium datum G. Don . . 141 tiliaccum A. Juss. . . 140 ParoquetBur. . . . 82 Parsley 429 Parsonsia herbacea &c. Browne 293 micropetala, Hitchc. . . 292 Parsonsia Britt. & Mlllsp. 293 petiolata Paisby . . . 293 radicans Hitchc. . . . 293 PASSIFLORA L 232 angustifolia Sw. . . . 238 arbcrea Pink 236 biflora Lam 239 capsularis L 240 ciliata Ait 237 ciliata Jacq 237 coerulea L 243 coriacea Juss 239 divaricata L 242 edulis Sims (fig. 93) . 233, 234 erubescens Macf. . . . 240 fcetida L 236 foliis amplioribus &c. Browne 235 foliis cordatis &c. Browne 236 foliis nitidis &c. Browne . 238 foliis ovatis &c. Browne . 235 foliis quinquelobis pro- funde &c. Browne . . 243 INDEX 44' PASSIFLORA — continued. foliis tenuiuribus <&c. Browne ..... foliis trilobis crnribus august is d'C. Browne . foliis trilobis cruribus ob- lungis etc. Browne . . foliis trilobis m.dio &c. Browne ..... foliis trincrviis £c. Browne gossypifolia Desc. . . . hede racea Cav. , . . heterophylla Jacq. . . hexanguLaris Wright . . incarnata $ Bot. lieg. . lancifolia Desv. . . . laurifolia L ..... ligularis Juss ..... lineariloba Hook. f. . . longifolia Lam. . . . lunata Sm ..... luteaL ...... lutca L. . . . . 238, lijrn.'folia Tuss. . . . macrocarpa M.ist. . . . maliforrnis L ..... minima L ...... Murucuja L ..... normalis L ..... oblonga DC ..... oblongata Sw ..... pallidaL ...... parviflora Sw ..... pdtata Cav ..... penduliflora Bertero. . perfoliata Jacq. . . . perfoliata L ..... quadrangularis L. . . regalis Macf ..... riyidula Jacq ..... rotundifolia L. ... rotundifolia L. TL.'rb. . rubra L ...... sexflora Juss ..... suberosa L. . Swartzii Mast. . . . tacsonioides Griseb. . . tritiora Maof ..... vesicaria L. .... vcsicari/i d'c. Pin.':. . . villosa Macf. .... PASSIFLOBACEJB . . . Pustiuaca sativa L. ... PAULLINIA L ...... barbadensis Jacq. (fig. 2 .') caribasa PAGE cnrassavca divaricata Stu. 210 242 242 241 240 237 238 238 235 234 239 235 236 238 238 239 239 240 243 235 236 238 243 242 243 242 238 238 238 240 242 241 235 239 234 241 240 239 241 23S 241 242 241 237 237 238 231 42'.) 44 44 43 46 43 PAULLINIA — continued. jainaicensis Macf. . L. PAGK 2, 45; 46 46 pinnata L ...... 45 sarmcntosa <£c. Browne . 46 seriana Gaertn. ... 45 PAVONIA Cav ...... ; aristata Griv ..... 1^9 coinmnnis St. Hil. . . 129 conjmbosa Willd. . . . 131 fruticosa Fawc. & Rendle 130 pauiculata Cav. . . . 131 pseudo-typhalsea Planch. &Lind ...... 131 racemosa Sw ..... 132 rosea Schlecht. . . . 130 scabra Presl .... 131 spicata Cav ..... 132 spinifex Cav. (fig. 50) troy ana Urb typhaltm Car typhalxa Macf. . typhaleoides H. B. & Penny Wort . . PEEESKIA Miller .. aculeata Miller (fig K. 125 132 130 130 130 . . 423 .. 272 105) 272, 273 aculeata flore &c. Plum. . 272 Pereskia Karstcn . . . 272 portulacifolia Haw. . . 273 Petaloma myrtilloidcs Sic. . 402 Petroselinum sativum Hofini. 429 Philadelphus arborescens foliis myrtineis &c. Browne . . 334 arb. foliis ovato-acumina- tis d~c. Browne . . . 334 Phyllitidi scandenti affinis major folio crasso subrotundo Sloane ...... 180 scandenti .... minima &c. Sloane ..... 180 scandenti . . . minor d'c. Sloane ..... 180 PIMENTA Lindl ..... :;24 acris Kostel ..... 327 officiualis Lindl. (fig. 126, A, B, B1, D) . . . . 325 Pimcnta Cocker ell . . 325 Pimento Griseb. . . . 327 vulgar in Lindl. . . . 325 Pimento ...... 326 PIBIQUETV Aubl ..... 230 cistoides Griseb. (fig. 92) 230, 231 Pisum cordatum nou vcai- carium Sl<>t(u>' . . . !•"•. • / ••I'imum (('•'/. Sloane . Pisonia obtusata Ja;:q. . , . 317 448 FLOI.'A OF JAMAICA I'lantd fniticosa scandeiis ex citjnx canlc scij>iu>U's otius tfc. Sloane Pomme d'Or . . . . Pope's Head . . . . Prickly Pear . . . 277 Prickly Withe ... ^^dcf. . . }\'uiM]iuilis indica L. Radix fruticosa (&c. Sloanc 1,'dton'ni ii/n'tdln Griseb. RedCanella .AI usk Wood . . Withe . . . . Wood ...... RHACOMA L ...... Crossopetalurn L. (fig. 11) RHAMXACEJE .... RHAMNIDIUM Reissek . dictyophyllum Urb. . fi'iTcutn Sarg. . jamaicense Urb. RHAMXUS L ..... arborcscens &c. Browne arboreus &c. Browne . colybrina Jac ... cordifolia L ..... crassifolia I/JI<'rit. . . crispa L ...... divergcns Grist u. ... dumosa Sw ..... data Macf. .... erecta Macf. . . . . erect a glabra etc. Browne erecta subvillosa &c. Browne ..... floribunda H. B. & K. . florum capitulis dc. L. . foliis cordatis &c. Plum. . foliis cordato-acuminatis serratis &c. Broirn<: . foliis cordato-ovatis &c. L. Ill foliis palmatis &c. Plum. fragrans L'Herit. . . . fruticosa Mill ..... fruticulosa &c. Browne . gigantea Jacq ..... glabra Mill. .... glomerata Cav. . . . glutinosa Comrncrs. . . hastata Sims .... hederaefolia Cav. . . . hernandioides L'Hi-r. . hirsutissima Mill. . . liirta Lam ...... li irta assurgens dc. Browne Inrta urticata &c. Browne humilior foliis &c. Browne Jiumilior ramosa dc. Browne ..... indica L ...... jarnaicensis L. ... jamaicensis Mill. . . , lignosa Cav ..... linifolia Juss ..... Luciana DC ..... minor Macf ..... nervosa DC ..... ovata Cav ...... paniculata L ..... pcduncularis Macf. . . PAGE 117 113 ] l.'i ll'.i li^l 115 U4 119 115 116 96 116 101 99 96 115 102 117 95 99" 115 124 114 115 , 116 126 121 130 120 102 113 109 113 107 113 95 119 '.H 124 110 112 115 100 Ill 104 101 119 96 Ill 1L3 112 114 102 alia L. ]>, riplocifolia M<« ;'. . . '.'<; }\'illd. . . . 101 :<>!. Mag. C'nr ...... 112 pilosa Mill ..... 164 pimpinellifolia Mill. . . Ill procu]7il)cns S\v. . . . 112 pj'ramidata Desportes . 115 radiata L ...... l^r, rhombifolia L. (fig. 40) . 117 rudcratti Macf. . . . 1 H salviaefolia Presl . . . 117 savannarum K. Sell am. . 110 sericca Mill ..... 112 spinosa L ..... Ill, 114 siipulata Car ..... 119 supina L^Hcni. . . . 112 trivialis Macf ..... 119 troyana Urb ..... 1^0 tilmifolia Car ..... 113 ulmifolia Mill. ... 119 nmbcllata L ..... 93 urens L ...... HO villosa Mill ..... 165 viscosa L ...... 121 viscosa Macf. . . . . 121 Silk Cotton' Tree 146,150,1-02 Silver Wood ..... 217 Sison ammi Jac-j ..... 427 Sloana Plum ...... 90 SLOAXEA L ....... 90 emarginata L ..... 90 foliis d'C. Browne ... 90 jamaicensis Hook. (fig. 40) 90 Snake Withe . . . . 77 Snake Wood . . . . 68 Soap Berry Tree. . . 52 S o r r e 1 V i n e ..... 78 Spanish Plum. . . . 17 Spirt Weed ..... 427 SPOXDIAS L ....... 15 cirouella Tussac ... 17 cytherea Sonner. . 17 diffusa d'C. Brou'nu . , 17 dulcis Forst. f. ... 17 foliis paucioribus dc. Browne ..... 15 foliis plurimis dc. Browne 15 graveolens Macf. ... 15 lutea L ....... 15 lutea Macf. ..... 17 macrocarpa Enyl. ... 17 Monbin L. . '. . . 15, 1 7 Myrobalanus L. . . 15, 17 pseudomirobalanus Tussac 15 purpurea L. (fig. 7) 16 INDEX 451 PAOB Spondylantha aphylla Presl 77, 78 S p u r B u r . . . . . . 129 Staphidium octonum Naud. . 385 • Wihonii Sand. . . . 336 Stapliylea ? conjmbosa DC. . 38 occidentalis Sw. ... 38 STAPHYLEACE.E ... 37 Staphylodendron dr. Plum. . 59 Stenocalyx ligustrinus Berg . 334 Michelii Berg .... >>34 STERCULIA L. ...... 163 acnminata Bcauv. . . 170 apetala Karst. (fig. 64, E) 169 earibseaR.Br. (fig.64,A-D) 170 carthaginensis Cav. . . 169 Helicteres Po>. ... 169 Icira Sw 1"0 STERCULIACE;E . . 154 Strainer Vine . . . 261 Sugar Bark 133 Supplejack . . . 4 1, 46 Surinam Cherry . . . 335 Suzyginm fruticosum &c. Browne ". 320 Sweet Cup . . . . 236 SYMPHcmA Linn. f. 197 globulifera Linn, f . (fig. 76) 9, 19S Syzygium Jambolanum DC. . 352 Tea 189 Terebinthus folio singulari &c. Sloane 193 TERMIXALIA L 304 arbuscula Sw 306 Buccras Wright . . . 307 Catappa L 305 latifolia Sw. (fig. 119) 304, 305 TERNSTRCEMIA Linn. f. . . 181 calycina Fawc. & Rendle 184 granulata Kr. & Urb. (fig. 69) 182 Hartii Kr. & Urb. . . . 183 im-ridionalis ! Sir. . . 184 obovalis Griseb. . . . 182 rostrata Kr. & Urb. . . 184 TEKXSTRCKMIACK.-E . . 1-1 TETRACERA L 173 .'fi.iliix dr. Browne. . . 304 jamaicensis DC. (fig. 65, D-F) 173 volnbilis Griseb. . . . 1(3 TETRASIPHON Urb 30 jamaicensis Urb. (fig. 13) . 31 TETRAZYGIA L. C. Rich. . . albicans Triana . . . M^l angustirtora Griseb. . .38 TETRAZYGIA — continued. angustifolia DC. . elseagnoides Hook.. Fadyeni Hool: hispida ]\Iacf ovata Cogn pallens Cogn. (fig. 137) . tetranda DC Tliamnia foliis &c. Browne Swartzii Hitchc. . THEA L Bohca L sinensis L viridis L THEACE/E THEOBROMA L Cacao L. (fig. 60) . . . foliis d'c. Browne . foliis scrratis Plum. . Guazuma L THESPESIA Solander populnea Solander (fig. 54) Thiodia laetioides Griseb. . Three fingered Jack THYMELJEACE.E . . . TILIACEJE Torch Wood Tovomita havetioides Griseb. . Toxicodcndron arboreum Mill. TreeCotton Triads microphylla Griseb. . Tricera baliamcnsis Britton . fasciculata Griseb. l,-'vigata Sw macropliylla Britton . Yaldii Britton .... Tricliosantlies foliis denticula- tis &c. Browne .... pomiformis Macf. . Trioptcris erecta &c. Browne . TRIUMFETTA L Bartramia L. (fig. 37) fructu &c. Plum. . heterophylla Lain. hispida A. Rich. . indica Lam Lappula Hemsl. . 1 .;ippula L Plumieri Gui'rtn. . rliombar folia Sw. . rhombifolia Sic. rhowboiii' ,. . semitriloba Jae ~\. . Sloanei Fawc. & Rendle . suhril'u:-'! dc. rillosa dr. Browne Tuna major dr. Dill. . r d-c. Dill. PAGE 382 - 366 331 330 377 221 221 189 189 189 1 s-j 131 158 160 157 157 157 144 144 217 418 286 80 280 194 50 143 230 3 3 2 4 3 264 264 59 80 81 - 83 81 - 84 81 81 - 82 88 81 278 274 452 FLORA OF .JAMAICA. Turk's Cap ..... Turk's Head . . . . TUKNKKV L ....... acuta Spreng ..... dngiAStifolia Mill. . . . L ...... diffusa Wilkl. .... olo florens dc. Browne frnti'sci'HS itlmilolia 1'lton. hispida dc. J'lnni.. . . microplti/llct lAvsr. . . . Pumilea L ..... triylandulosa Miltxp. . . ulmifolia L. (fig. r:3 PA(>E PAGE XYLOSMA Forst __ ZIZYPHUS Juss 63 Fawcettii Urb. . . . 226 chloroxylon Oliv. (fig. 29) 64 nitidum A. Gr. (fi£. 90) . 226 emarginatus Sic. . . . t'-j schrefferioides A. Gr. . . 220 Jujuba Lam 64 ZUELANIA A. Rich. ... 216 Guidonia Britt. & Millsp. Yaws Bush 77 (fig- 85) 217 Yellow Sanders 308 laetioides A. Rich. -17 LONDON : PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, DUKE STREET, STAMFORD STREET, S.E. I, AND GREAT WINDMILL STREET, W. L New York Botanical Garden Library QK231.F38c.2v.5 ger Fawcett, William/Flora of Jamaica, conta 3 5185 00135 8801 ;i. m • • • , • • •. • • •: . • • : . -•, ffl Hi • # X,