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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
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THE FLORA OF JAMAICA.

THE

FLORA OF JAMAICA ;

A

DESCRIPTION

or

THE PLANTS OF THAT ISLAND,

ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE NATURAL ORDERS.

WITH AN APPENDIX,

CONTAINING
AN ENUMERATION OF THE GENERA ACCORDING TO THE LINN^AN SYSTEM,

AND
AN ESSAY ON THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPECIES.

By JAMES MACFADYEN, M.D.

VOL. I. RANUNCULACE.E— LEGUMINOS^J.

L05STB-ON:

LONGMAN, ORME, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS.

EDINBURGH:— ADAM & CHARLES BLACK.

GLASGOW i— JOHN SMITH & SON.

MDCCCXXXVII.

Glasgow :— E. KhuU, Printer to the University.

SIR WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER,

K. H., LL.D., F. R., A. & L. S., &c. &C.
REGIUS PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW.

To no one could this Volume be more appropriately dedi-
cated than to you, to whom I am indebted for my early in-
structions in the Science of Botany, and from whom I first
acquired a taste for its study. It will in the highest degree
be gratifying to me, should the result of my labours meet
with your approbation, and should you consider that I have
at all contributed in extending our acquaintance with the
Flora of the West Indies.

JAMES MACFADYEN.

GLASGOW, 10th Oct., 1837.

PREFACE.

IN presenting the following work to the public, the author
trusts that he has, at least in part, supplied, what has long
been considered a desideratum — a Systematic Account of the
Plants of Jamaica. Hitherto the student of the Botany of
this Island has been obliged to resort for information to the
voluminous writings of Sloane, Browne, Jacquin, Plumier,
Swartz, Cavanilles, Vahl, &c., many of which are rare* and
with difficulty procured, especially in a situation so distant
from Europe. The only work easily accessible, was the
Hortus Jamaicensis of Mr Lunan, a compilation which
must have been found very useful to every one who has
endeavoured to become acquainted with Jamaica Botany.
But while I acknowledge readily my obligations, especially
during the early period of my study, to that work, I must
state, that scarcely one-half of the plants at present known
to be indigenous to the Island are noticed in it, and that
the descriptions are in general defective, and not a few
erroneous. To supply these deficiencies, has been my
endeavour in the present undertaking.

In the arrangement of this work the Natural System has
been adopted. By it the various members composing the
Vegetable Kingdom are arranged according to the order
which Nature herself appears to have followed. By it the
genera are collected and disposed in groups, not from any
relation existing in respect to any one particular class of

PREFACE.

organs, such as the length, number, or position of the sta-
mens and pistils, which is the foundation of the system of
Linnaeus : but by characters essential, and collected from
different classes of organs, in accordance with the affinities
which Nature herself has established. And not the least
recommendation is, that the Families of Plants thus consti-
tuted, comprehend individuals not only allied in their more
obvious peculiarities, but also possessing similar properties,
whether useful or otherwise, in Medicine, Domestic Econo-
my, or the Arts. This System of classification is therefore
peculiarly adapted to the arrangement of a Flora which
is new or but imperfectly explored, the uses of the Plants
it comprehends being comparatively unknown. The com-
mon properties of each Family of the Natural System have
already been in a great measure established. When we
meet therefore with a new plant, and discover the Natural
order to which it belongs, we are provided with a key which
informs us of certain of its properties, and a guide in our
further inquiries as to the different uses to which it may be
applied.

Great, however, as the advantages are by which the
Natural System is recommended, still it must be allowed,
that it is not so well adapted for the Tyro in Botany. A
certain acquaintance with the science is previously neces-
sary before the student can avail himself of its classification
in detecting the place which a plant, presented to him for
the first time, occupies in the system. It may be otherwise,
when, after the labours of many succeeding Botanists, we
may be enabled to see the way clearly before us, and we
may have the path which Nature has followed, distinctly
traced out for our guidance ; and with the same ease that
we can point out the individuals composing the well-marked
Families of the LEGUMINOS.E and the MELASTOMACE^:, so
also, the Orders which are ill-defined being remodelled with
characters distinct and obvious, we shall, with equal facility,

PREFACE. Vll

be able to class each of the many plants whose exact place
is at present obscure and doubtful. It may then be possi-
ble that the Natural System may come recommended not
only as conformable with the order of Nature, but also as
offering facilities in its application equal to any other.
Until this be accomplished, we must, in order to facilitate
the progress of the student, avail ourselves of another sys-
tem— of that in which the principles of arrangement are
more obvious and easily apprehended. We have such a
system in that which bears the name of Linnaeus. In it,
the course of Nature has not been strictly regarded, and in
order to simplify, Families have been broken up, and allied
genera separated and scattered.

We may indeed define the Natural System as that which,
taking a philosophic view, attempts an arrangement of the
members of the Vegetable Kingdom according to the order
observed in their creation, so far as can be detected by our
finite understandings : the artificial or Linnsean, as that
which merely classifies them in such a manner as may be
most easy for the Botanist to point out or discover the place
which each species may or ought to occupy in its arrange-
ment. The student of the Artificial System may be com-
pared to him, who is satisfied with what knowledge of a
district he can acquire by traversing the bye-ways and sur-
veying each portion of a country in detail : the student of the
Natural System, in addition to this, ascends an elevated
situation, in order that he may become acquainted with the
relative bearings, and enjoy the beauty of the landscape as
a whole.

In order, therefore, to facilitate the progress of the young
Student, I shall give at the end of the Natural System, an
arrangement of the Genera, according to the Linnaean
Classification. By means of this, when he wishes to find
out the name and genus of a plant presented to him for the
..first time, he can resort to the Artificial System of arrange-

viii PREFACE.

ment as to an Index : by it he will be referred to the place
it occupies in the Natural System, where the different spe-
cies will be enumerated. A little practice will render this
easy, and the student will gradually acquire a knowledge of
the Natural Orders, without being exposed to discourage-
ment by the obstacles which he would otherwise encounter.

I take this opportunity of expressing my obligations to
the writings of Professor De Candolle of Geneva, whose
arrangement of the Natural Orders, exposed in the Prodro-
mus Systematis Universalis Regni Vegetdbilis, I have strictly
followed. To his works, also, I acknowledge myself in a
great measure indebted for the definitions of the genera,
and, with those of Lindley and Richard, for the general
descriptions of the Orders. As to the introduction of the
latter in the present publication, it may be objected that
the reader might with more propriety have been referred
to the works from which they have been drawn. I have to
state in answer, that although I am not without hopes that
this work may be thought worthy of the notice of the emi-
nent in the Science, still as my principal aim is to facili-
tate the study of the Botany of these Islands, I considered
they could not with propriety be left out, especially as, in
the West Indies, books of Science are scarce, and with
difficulty procured.

I need scarcely state that I shall thankfully avail myself
of any information, which may be communicated to me by
any one who has made the Botany of Jamaica an object
of his attention. As for my own share of labour, I may
be allowed to state, that it has occupied a great portion of
my leisure during a residence of upwards of twelve years in
the Island. I have carefully examined the characters of
every plant within my reach, and compared my own de-
scriptions with those of preceding Botanists. , I have visited
a considerable portion of the Island, so that I have had
opportunities of studying the peculiarities of the Flora of

PREFACE. ix

each district. The nature, also, of my occupation as a
medical practitioner in the country, has been of some ad-
vantage, as in my almost daily rides I have had opportuni-
ties of watching each plant during its period of flowering,
and perfecting its fruit. There still remains, however, an
extensive and interesting field for Botanical research : ther
are still left many plants undiscovered and undescribed, a
rich reward to stimulate to exertion those who may follow
in the same path. It is not the work of a single individual,
even if favoured with unusual length of life, and gifted in
the highest degree with mental and bodily energy, to com
plete a perfect history of the Botany of an Island like Ja-
maica. It would have been vain for me, in hope of accom-
plishing this, to have waited from year to year, exposed
to many contingencies and accidents, any one of which
might have rendered all my labours in vain, and all the in-
formation I have acquired as if it had never been known.
I have therefore taken the present opportunity to offer the
result of my labours to the Public, trusting it will be found
to give a tolerably accurate account of what is at present
known of the vegetable productions of this Island, and in
the hope that it may be found serviceable to those who in
aftertimes may follow in the same course, and engage, un-
der more favourable auspices, in the task of perfecting the
History of the Flora of Jamaica.

TABLE

OF BOTANICAL SIGNS AND WORDS EMPLOYED AS ABBREVIATIONS
IN THE FOLLOWING WORK.

$ = A male, or anther-bearing plant or flower.
? = A female, or pistil-bearing plant or flower.
^ = A hermaphrodite plant or flower.
oo = An indefinite number.
? = A sign of doubt, &c.
0 or O = Nihil, none or awanting.

* = Indicates that the author has not had it in
his power to examine the species to which
it is affixed.

= Plate.
PI/

f. = Figure.
Tab. or t. r= Tabula or plate.

V. = Volume.

I. II. &c. = The number of the volume of a book.
1 . 2. &c. = The number of the page of a book.

ig

I tt

The Second Volume of this Work will appear early in the following
year. It is proposed, on the completion of the Work, to commence a
series of Illustrations of such Plants as are new or may not have been
previously figured.

THE ,

FLORA OF JAMAICA.

CLASS I. DICOTYLEDONE^:.
THALAMIFLOR^E.

ORDER I. RANUNCULACEJE.

CALYCINE sepals 3-6, hypogynous, deciduous.
Petals 5-15, hypogynous, in one or more rows, dis-
tiuct. Stamens co, hypogynous : anthers adnate, in
the true genera turned outwards. Pistils numerous,
seated on the disk : ovary 1 - or many-seeded : style
one to each ovary, short, simple. Carpels 1 -celled,
1- co-seeded : seeds albuminous : embryo minute :
albumen horny.

Herbaceous or rarely shrubby plants. Leaves alternate, or
opposite, generally divided, with the petiole dilated and form-
ing a sheath half clasping the stem. Hairs 0, or simple. — The
general properties of this Order are acridity and causticity.
Several powerful medicinal principles have been obtained from
some of the members : such as Aconitine from the roots of the
ACONITUM NAPELLUS, and Delphinine or Delphine from the
seeds of the DELPHINIUM STAVISAGRIA.

I. CLEMATIS. Traveller's Joy.

Involucre 0, or calyciform, under the flower. Sepals
4-8, coloured. Petals 0, or shorter than the sepals.
Carpels x, terminated by a long mostly barbato-plu-
mose tail — De Cand.

2 THALAMIFLOBJE.

Roots perennial ; leaves exactly opposite. — Name, from
the shoot of a vine, which its long branches somewhat resemble.

1. Clematis dioica. Dioecious Traveller's joy.

Flowers panicled dioecious, leaves ternately divided,
divisions ovate subcordate acuminate triply nerved en-
tire glabrous, pericarps oval, pedicels pubescent.

Sloane, Hist. I. 199. t. 118. f. I.— Browne, Jam. 255?— De
Cand. Syst. I. 143 — Prod. I. 4.

HAB. Common on the lower hills, especially in limestone
districts.

FL. August — December.

Fruticose, ascending to a considerable height on neighbour-
ing shrubs and trees : branches terete, glabrous, striated, stained
with purple. Leaves opposite, petioled, ternate ; leaflets in the
young plant connected together ; in the old, petioluled, ovate,
subcordate, acuminate with a bluntish apicula, 3-(or sub-5)
-nerved, smooth, shining above: petiole long, terete, striated, oc-
casionally (as also the branches) granulato-verrucose : petiolules
pedato-patent. Peduncles axillary, frequently longer than the
leaves, subdivided: pedicels pubescent. Flowers greenish-
white, and slightly fragrant, by abortion sub-dioecious. — $ .
Calyx with sepals oblong, pubescent, reflexed. Stamens oc,
length of the sepals. — $ . Pericarps about 20, oval, compressed,
pubescent, terminated by a long feathery awn.

This is the only species indigenous to the Island, the CLE-
MATIS scandens foliis 5-nerviis, referring to this species and not
to C. AMERICANA as supposed by De Candolle. — The long
slender branches of this plant arfe employed by the Negroes as
a substitute for cord, in tying rails, bundles of grass, &c. The
leaves are hot and acrid to the taste, and, when bruised into a
pulp, and applied to the skin, they act as a rubefacient, and even
vesicate^ An infusion of the bruised leaves and flowers, forms
a good lotion for the removal of spots and freckles from the
skin : and a decoction of the root in sea-water, mixed with wine,
is said to act as a powerful purge in hydropic cases. Barham
quaintly remarks, " I never could understand why it is called
Traveller's joy, or what joy travellers reap from it."

II. RANUNCULUS. Crowfoot.

Calycine sepals 5. Petals 5, rarely 10, with a
foveolar nectariferous squamule at the. base. Stamens
and ovaries co. Carpels ovate, subcompressed, ter-
minating in an awn scarcely longer than the seed, ar-
ranged in a globose or cylindrical head.

UANUNCULACE.T:. ;j

Annual or perennial herbaceous plants ; possessed of acrid
properties, so as to be rubef'acient when applied externally, and
in some degree poisonous when exhibited internally. Of the
140 species comprehended in the genus, the greater proportion
are natives of Northern latitudes, and very few are to be found
between the tropics. — Name, from RANA a frog, from the plants
growing in moist situations, where frogs usually abound.

1. Ranunculus repens. Creeping Crowfoot.

Calyx, spreading, flower stalks furrowed, scyons
creeping, leaves with three petiolulate leaflets which
are 3-lobed, or 3-partite and cut — Hooker.

Eng. Sot. t. 516 — Smith, Eng. Fl. III. 51 — Hooker Fl.
Scot. I. 175.— De Cand. Syst. I. 285.

HAB. Common in the neighbourhood of St Catherine's Peak,
St Andrew's.

FL. June — August.

This is evidently an introduced plant which has become na-
turalized from the garden of the late Mr Matthew Wallen at
Cold-spring, and is now very plentiful in the above locality.
According to the authorities quoted by De Candolle, it is to be
found in every part of Europe, in several districts of North
America, in Madeira, and we can now add Jamaica.

2. Ranunculus parviflorus. Small Flowered Crow-
foot.

Leaves hairy 3-or sub-5-lobed with the lobes in-
ciso-dentate, stem spreading decumbent hairy, pedun-
cles opposite the leaves, calyx as long as the petals,
pericarps granulato-tuberculose.

Engl. Bot. t. 120.— Engl. FL III. 53.— Hooker, Brit. Fl.
267.— De Cand. Syst. I. 300.

HAB. Portland Gap. St Catherine's Peak. Pastures at
Salt-Hill.

FL. April, May.

The radical leaves are, as in the specific character : those of
the stem, and those opposite to the flowerstalks, are also 3 — 5
lobed ; but the lobes are sub-entire ; petioles of the radical
leaves striated, hairy, membranaceous and expanded at the base.
Peduncles compressed, striated, hairy, flowered. Sepals ob-
long, hairy, yellowish, with a green mid-nerve. Petals length
of the sepals, oblong, 1 or 2 usually wanting. Pericarps com-
pressed, nearly orbicular, beaked with the remains of the in-
curved style ; under the microscope pellucido-granulated.

It is difficult to imagine how this species could have come to
establish itself in the above situations. It is a native of the

THAL AMI FLORAE.

warmer parts of Europe, and has been found in Barbary, Te-
neriffe, and the East Indies. In the neighbourhood of Cold-
spring, it may be met with, covering patches of ground by the
road-sides. The flowers are very small, and there are seldom
more than two petals in each flower.

ORDER II. DILLENIACE.E.

Distribution of the parts of the flower quinary :
aestivation imbricated. — Calycine sepals : 2 external,
3 internal, persistent. Petals 5, uniserial, hypogy-
nous, deciduous. Stamens oo» inserted on the disk,
free or polyadelphous, and either placed regularly
around the pistil, or on one side of it : anthers 2-celled,
always turned inwards. Fruit of 2—5 unilocular car-
pels, either distinct or cohering. Seeds either seve-
ral, or two, or by abortion solitary, surrounded by a
pulpy arillus : testa hard : embryo minute, lying in
frhe base of the fleshy albumen.

Trees, shrubs, or suffruticose shrubs. The flowers are in
general yellow, and in some of the species rival those of the
Cisti. They possess no remarkable properties. The leaves
and bark are astringent, without any bitter or aromatic flavour.
They are all natives of the warmer parts of the globe.

I. TE-TRACERA.

Flowers most frequently dioecious, or polygamous.
Calycine sepals 4-6, roundish, imbricated, persist-
ent, after the anthesis frequently accrete, concave —
$ . Stamens CD, dilated at the apex. — ? . Ovaries 3-5 :
styles simple, acute. Capsules of the same number
as the styles, opening on the inner side, sub-bivalved :
seeds 1-2, ovate, shining, arillated. — De Cand.

Shrubs or low trees, generally scandent : leaves alternate,
penninerved, coriaceous : flowers panicled or racemose. — Natte,
from rsrga four, and xigug a horn, from the four capsules being
recurved at the apex like so matiy horns.

ANONACEJE. 5

1. Tetracera Jaiuicensis. Jamaica Tetracera.

Leaves ovali-oblu •* somewhat acute prolonged at
the base subglabro^ subserrulated, peduncles race-
mose glabrous som< hat rough.

De Cand. Syst. I. 4 —Prod. I. 68.

HAB.. St Thomas in he Vale, common.

FL. December.

A shrub, subscami supporting itself on neighbouring
plants : branches teret towards their extremities hispid, co-
loured. Leaves with i atures towards the apex, penni-
nerved with the nerv- on the under surface hispidulous, 5
inches long, and '2\ u>le keeled. Panicle terminal
and axillary, erect, i Flowers yellow, showy, pedi-
celled. Calycine sepa 5 : the 2 inner the largest, roundish,
concave, externally pi ; ulous ; internally sericeous: the 3,
outer small, membi >us. Petals 5, obovato-oblong,
rounded, deciduous. !•• aens oo, yellow: filaments dilated at
the apex, bearing the ; u>rs at the sides. Ovary bilocular:
style curved, club-i Limata 2, capitate. Capsules
2-4, large, glabrous, a\ •! with the persistent style.

This is a showy plan M! appears to have been first collected

by Mr Wiles, and fm (escribed by Prof. De Candolle, who

met with a specimen in »• herbarium of A. B. Lambert, Esq.

For an illustration of tl lit, the reader is referred to Geertner,
J. 336, t. 69.

ORDER V. ANONACE.E.

Calycine sepals 1-, short, persistent, very sel-
fdom free, more coi only united into a 3-4-fid, or
|S-4-partito calyx. etals 6, hypogynous, in two
pows, coriaceous, wit a valvular aestivation. Stamens
numerous, placed cl* y together and covering a large
hypogynous usually i inisphericaldisk: filaments very
short : anthers adun turned outwards, with an en-
larged 4-cornered concctivum, which is sometimes
^nectariferous. Ova > usually numerous : styles
short : stigmata sin: . Fruit composed of a num-
ber of carpels, whic re either succulent or'dry, ses-

<> TIIALAMIFLOIl'K.

silo or stalked, 1- or many-seeded, distinct or concrete
into a fleshy mass. Seeds attached to the suture in
1-g rows : testa membranaceo-crustaceous, fragile :
embryo minute, in the base of the hard fleshy rumi-
nate albumen.

Trees or shrubs : branches terete, with the bark usually re-
ticulated or verrucose, and, when young frequently pubesceut.
Leaves alternate, jointed on the sfem, simple, almost always
entire, without stipules. Peduncles in general axillary, some-
times lateral, or opposite to a leaf, usually bracteolated, solitary
or 2-8 together, 1 — ex-flowered, not unfrequently by abor-
tion indurated, enlarged, and hooked. — The roots, bark, leaves,
and, when it is capsular, the fruit are acrid, pungent, aromatic,
stimulant, and have been used as substitutes for the different
condiments. The fruit, when fleshy, is usually edible, and
much esteemed in tropical countries. The flowers of several
of the species, such as those of the UVARIA ODORATA, which is
a common tree in the neighbourhood of the Botanic Garden at
Bath, are remarkably fragrant. The ANONACE/E are inhabitants
of the warmer parts of the globe. None of them appear to have
been known to the ancients. According to the Monograph of
Dunal, this Order comprehends 105 species, of which 47 are
indigenous to tropical America.

I. ANONA.

Sepals 3, united at the base, concave, subcordate,
somewhat acute. Petals 6, thickish, the inner ones
smaller or none. Anthers oo, subsessile, dilated, and
angulated at the apex, covering the torus. Carpels
oo united into a single sessile berry, with the rind
muricated squamose or reticulated, pulpy within,
oo -celled ; cells radiating from a central receptacle,
1 -seeded.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves sometimes pellucido-punctate. —
Name, from a term used by the American Indians. Linnaeus
nsed the word Annona from the Latin, which signifies a year's
increase or supply of corn, fyc.

SECT. 1 — Petal subequal.
1. Anona muricata. Sour- Sop.
Leaves oblong subacuminate glabrous shining, pe-
duncles usually solitary one-flowered, outer petals
sub-cordate acute, inner rounded, fruit muricated,
spinules fleshy, recurved.

ANONACEA:. 7

Browne, Jam. 254. — Sloane, Jam. II. 166. t. 225. — Swartz,
Obs. 220.— De Cand. Syst. I. 467.

HAB. Common every where.

FL. April — August.

A tree, seldom more than 15 feet in height, with suberect
branches : branchlets ferruginous, rimuloso-verrucose, glabrous.
Leaves oblong, sub-obovate, acuminate, glabrous, shining and
deep green above, minutely puberulous albido-punctulated and
paler beneath, 6 inches long and l|ths broad: petiole short,
terete. Peduncles in the axilla of a leaf which has fallen off,
or arising from naked portions of the stem or branches, either
solitary, or two or three together, thick, 1-flowered. Flowers
large. Calycine segments short, deltoid, thickish. Petals ; the
3 outer ones ovate, sub-cordate, concave, coriaceous, externally
yellow : the 3 inner somewhat smaller, orbiculate rounded and
obtusely apiculate below the apex, concave. Torus hemisphe-
rical, puberulous. Anthers subsessile; locules 2; pollenary
globules arranged in two rows, connected together in a bead-
like manner. Ovaries linear, angulose, sericeo-pubescent : stig-
mata sessile, linear, angular, glabrous, accrete to one another,
deciduous. Fruit size of a Shaddock, ovoideo-cone-shaped, in-
curved at the apex, green, glabrous, muricated ; spinules ovato-
subulate, acute, recurved : pulp white: seeds oblong, compressed,
black.

This is a very common tree in all parts of the Island. .The
fruit is gratefully acid, and may be eaten plain, or mixed with
sugar and water, to which wine and nutmeg are sometimes added.
Horses, cows, hogs, and indeed every description of stock are-
fond of it. The flowers have a grateful but somewhat heavy
odour. The smell of the leaves is rather disagreeable, and has
some resemblance to that of the leaves of the Currant. The
wood is said to be hard.

2. Anona montana. Mountain or Wild Sour- Sop.

Leaves oblong acuminate at both ends glabrous
and shining above with the axils of the nerves ex-
cavated and ciliated beneath, peduncle opposite to a
leaf twice the length of the petiole, outer petals
rotundo-ovate acuminate, inner orbiculate obtuse, fruit
subglobose muricated with the spinules straight.

A. muricata, Var. /3. Dunal ?

HAB. Orchard, Port-Royal mountains.

FL. May — October.

A lowly tree, branches terete, glabrous. Leaves alternate,
petiolate, oblong, .acuminate at both ends, nerved, with the axils
of the nerves beneath excavated and ciliated, reticulato- venose,
subcoriaceous, glabrous, shining above, about 5 inches in length,

g THALAMI FLORAE.

and 2 broad: petiole short, plane above. Peduncle opposite
to a leaf, twice the length of the petiole, solitary, 1-flowered,
thick terete, furnished with 2 scale-like bracteas. Flowers
rather smaller than those of the common Sour-Sop. Calyx
nearly 3-angular, 3-fid : divisions subacummate, ciliated, with
fulvous hair. Petals of an olive green colour, not stained on the
back with purple, velutino-puberulous ; the 3 outer rotundo-
ovate, subacuminate, thick, leathery ; the 3 inner of nearly the
same size as the outer, but thinner, concave, rounded. Fruit
subspherical, covered with fleshy subulate straight spinules.

This, at first sight would appear to be nearly allied to A.
MURICATA. On examination they will be found to be distinct
species. The fruit is dry and not edible.

3. Anona palustris. Alligator apple, or West India
Cork-wood.

Leaves oblong or ovato-oblong acuminate very
glabrous, peduncles alternating with or opposite to a
leaf, petals acute, fruit subareolated.

Shane, II. 169. t. 228. f. l.—Swartz, Obs. 2'2'3.—De Cand.
Syst. I. 469.

HAB. Marshy land near the Sea. Rochefort. The Ferry.
Morasses at the east end of the Island.

FL. March — June.

A tree 6 — 15 feet in height. Leaves slightly acuminate,
.finely nerved. Peduncles towards the end of the branches;
about the same length as the petiole, solitary, 1 -flowered.
Bracteas scale-like ; one external at the base of the peduncle ;
the other on the inside and higher up. Flowers greenish
yellow, resembling in size and appearance those of the common
Sour-Sop. Petals ; the 3 outer ones roundish-ovate, sub-
acuminate, concave, thick, leathery ; the 3 inner half the size
of the outer, acute, externally whitish, internally of a dark
blood-colour. Berry size of the Sour-Sop, heart-shaped, green,
glabrous, subareolated.

The fruit of this species has a somewhat grateful smell ; but
to the taste it is very disagreeable, and is said to be narcotic,
and even poisonous. The Alligators, according to Long, sub-
sist, at certain seasons, on the fruit of this tree, and he describes
them as watching for it, when ripe, to drop into the water.
The wood is very light, and is employed by the Negroes as a
substitute for cork, to stop up the mouths of their Calabashes,
and other rude vessels. The floats of fishing nets are also made
of it.

This, and the two preceding species are evergreens. In
those which follow, the old leaves drop off some time previous
to the complete development of the new ones.

ANONACE;E. 9

SECT. 2. — Inner petals minute. Flowers pendent.

4. Anona squamosa. Sweet- Sop.
Leaves lanceolate sub-glabrous minutely albido-
punctulated beneath, peduncles generally 2 together
lateral, outer petals lanceolate, inner minute, fruit
rounded obtusely squamose.

Sloane, II. 168 t. 227 — Browne, 256. — Jacq. Obs. I. 13. t.

6 Sicartz,Obs. 221 — Gcert. Fruct. II. 193. t. 138.— De Cand.

Syst. I. 472.— Prod. I. 85.— Hooker, JBot. Mag. 3095.

II AB. Cultivated; growing spontaneously in the dry plains
on the south side of the Island.

FL. May — September.

A tree, about 15 feet in height, of a stunted irregular growth :
branches spreading; branchlets subflexuose, pubescent. Leaves
alternate, petiolate, oblongo-lanceolate, subacuminate, sub-
glabrous above, glaucous minutely puberulous and albidd-punc-
tulated beneath, 6 inches long and 1£ broad : petiole terete, pu-
berulous. Peduncles generally 2 together, subopposite to a leaf,
an inch in length, terete, puberulous, thickened towards the
flower. Flowers pendent. Segments of the calyx short, deltoid,
externally sericeo-pubescent. Outer petals an inch long, lan-
ceolate, triquetrous, of a thick coriaceous texture, externally un-
der the glass velutino-pubernlous, internally at the base with a
purple-coloured excavation : inner petals minute, spathulate,
keeled on the back, thick. Fruit size of an Orange, roundish,
or ovoideo-cone-shaped, glaucous, of a yellowish green colour,
squamose : scales mamilloso-tuberculated : pulp white with a
tinge of yellow, very sweet. Seeds elliptic, compressed or
obsoletely angulated, of a chestnut colour: albumen filled with
numerous transverse brown lines or clefts.

This tree was formerly considered as a native of the con-
tinent of South America. St Hilaire has however attempted
to prove that it must have been originally imported from the
East Indies.* In this Island, it is common in every district,
especially in the plains. The fruit is a great favourite with
the Creoles ; but I have never met with a European who was
partial to it. In times of scarcity, I am informed that it has
been taken green, and, after being boiled, employed as a sub-
stitute for what, in the language of the country, is called
bread-kind.

5. Anona Cherimolia. Cherimoya or Cherimolia.

Leaves oblong impunctate pubescent above tomen-
tuloso-velutine beneath, peduncles subopposite to

* Pluntes UsueUes des Braziliens. Livr. VI. p. 5.

10 THALAMIFLOR^E.

a leaf, outer petals nearly closed externally tomentu-
loso-velutine, inner petals minute, fruit subglobular
reticulated subsquamose.

A. tripetala, Ait. Sort. Kew. II. 2o2.-Willd. Sp. II. 1264.
—Sims, Bot. Mag. 2011.— A. Cherimolia, De Cand. Syst. I.
468 Prod. I. 84.

HAS. Port-Royal Mountains.

FL. April — August.

A tree usually 15 feet in height : branches spreading, long,
virgate, sub-flexuose, cinereous ; the young green shoots sericeo-
pubescent. Leaves alternate, petiolate, oblong, subacuminate,
bluntish, entire, nerved, green and pubescent above, paler and
velvety beneath. Peduncles usually subopposite to a leaf,
sometimes in the axil of a leaf which has dropt off, subsolitary,
1 -flowered, about an inch in length, terete, velvety. Flowers
pendent. Sepals small, externally sericeo-pubesccnt. Petals ;
the 3 outer ones about an inch in length, lanceolate, blunt, thick,
triquetrous, excavated and tinged with crimson internally at the
base, erect, half-closed, opening towards the apex, externally
velvety : inner petals minute, keeled on the back. Torus hemi-
spherical, bearing the stamens and pistils in a roundish sub-3-
gonal mass. Filaments linear, angular, capitate at the apex :
anthers unilateral, 2 celled, with each cell containing two rows
of white globules of pollen, connected together in a bead-like
manner. Fruit usually the size and form of that of the Sour-
Sop, of a light green colour : pulp white ; seed black.

This species appears to hold a place between the Sweet-Sop
and the Custard-apple : the leaves partake of some of the char-
acters of both, and the fruit is subsquamose like that of the
former, and somewhat reticulated like that of the latter. It is
a native of Peru. It must have been introduced into this country
many years ago, as it is now very common in the mountains of
the parishes of St David, St Andrew, and Port-Royal. Out
of these districts indeed it does not appear to thrive, as I never
met with a tree of the kind in any other part of the Island.
The fruit arrives at its greatest perfection in the Port- Royal
mountains. It is one of the most delicious of the kind ; there
being a slight agreeable acidity mingled with a luscious sweet-
ness. The flowers are put into snuff, as a substitute for the
Tonquin bean, for the purpose of giving a grateful flavour.

6. Anona reticulata. Netted Custard-apple.

Leaves oblongo-lanceolate acute subglabrous minute-
ly pellucido-punctulated, peduncles lateral about 3-
flowered, outer petals oblong nearly closed, fruit ovato-
globose reticulato-areolated .

ANON ACE*;. 11

A. maxima, Sloane, Jam. II. 167. t. 226 — A. reticulata, De

Cand. Syst. I. 473. — Prod. I. 85 Hooker, Bot. Mag. 2911

and 2912.

HAB. Port-Royal mountains. St Thomas in the East.
Not uncommon.

FL. June.

A tree 15 — 20 feet in height : branches spreading, virgate,
subflexuose, towards their extremities albido-papillose, and
appresso-pubescent. Leaves 6—8 inches long, nerved, some-
what rugulose, obtuse at the base, to the glass minutely puberu-
lous especially the under surface of the nerves. Peduncles
lateral, branched, bearing about 3 pedicelled flowers. Flowers
pendent. Sepals minute, subcordate, acute. Outer petals large,
linear, obtuse, greenish, thick, 3-quetrous, excavated and stained
with purple internally at the base : inner petals minute, lineari-
oblong, green, stained with red near the apex. Fruit rather
larger than a full-sized orange, of a brownish colour with dots
of a darker shade, marked with angular reticulations whose
areolse are constituted by the enlarged and united pistils : pulp
yellowish-white : seed numerous, oblong, compressed, of a dark
shining brown colour : albumen horny, marked with numerous
transverse lines.

This would be a very excellent fruit w.ere it not that it is rather
too luscious to the taste. It is very common in the plain of
Liguanea ; the fruit however is seldom brought to market. It is
said to be a remedy for diarrhoea and dysentery. I suspect how-
ever that it can only pretend to tins character from being light
and easily digested. The French colonists give it the name
of CffiUR DE BCEUF, Ox-heart ; to which in shape it bears some
resemblance.

For a full description, and for an accurate figure, the reader
is referred to Vol. III. of the New Series of the Botanical
Magazine.

II. MONODORA.

Calycine sepals 3, united at the base. Petals 6,
united at the base ; 3 exterior, oblongo-lanceolate,
imdulato-crisped ; 3 interior, cordiform, connivent.
Anthers numerous sessile, surrounding the base of
the ovary. Ovary single : stigma sessile. Berry
smooth, subglobose, 1 -celled: seeds oo, imbedded in
pulp.

A genus first established by Dunal. — Name, from povot one,
and dugov a gift, in allusion to its solitary fruit.

1. Monodora Myristica. Calabash-Nutmeg.

12 THALAMIFLOR.E.

Anona Myristica, Gcert.de Fruct. II. t. 125. f. 1.— Monodora
Myristica. Dunal, Monogr. Anon. 80.— Zte Cand. Syst. 2. 477.
—Spreng. Syst. Veget. II. 604. Hooker, Bot. Mag. 3059.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. May.

A tree about 15 feet in height, resembling the Anonas in
habit. Leaves distichous, oblong, 4 — 5 inches long, and 1 — 2
broad, petioled. Peduncles opposite to a leaf, 1 -flowered,
4 — 7 inches long, pendulous. Bractea usually situated above
the middle of the peduncle, ovate, subcordate, sessile, green,
slightly variegated with orange or yellowish red, crispato-
undulated, reflexed when the flower is full blown. Flowers
large, showy, fragrant. Calycine sepals green, undulato-crisped,
unequal from that opposite to the bractea being smaller than
the other two. Outer petals oblongo-ovate, undulato-crisped,
of a yellow colour variegated with reddish brown spots or
stripes : inner petals shorter hut thicker lhan the outer, erecto-
connivent, cordate, convex, veined, ciliato-tomentose, externally
of a yellowish-white, internally shining and of a pale yellow-
variegated with pale crimson spots. Anthers numerous, sessile
closely set on the receptacle. Ovary spherical, crowned with
a sessile flattened stigma. Berry (according to Gaertuer) sub-
globose, large, 1 -celled, glabrous, corticated. Seeds imbedded
in pulp, ovato-oblong, angled by mutual pressure, ferruginous
integument double : albumen fleshy, hard, sculptured with deep
nearly parallel lines, and a longitudinal furrow : cotyledons
foliaceous, cordato-lanceolate : radicle rounded, directed towards
the liiluin.

A very full and accurate description, and also a figure of this
plant, by Dr Bancroft, is to be met with in the fifth volume of
the New Series of the Botanical Magazine. This tree is said
to have been brought from the Continent of South America,
and to have been first planted at the Retreat estate, Clarendon.
Mr Robert Brown, however, considers it more probable, that
the seeds were introduced by the Negroes from some part of
the west coast of Africa. The only tree at present in the
Island is at Miss Green's garden in Liguan,ea, near Constant
Spring estate. It never, however, in that situation, perfects its
fruit. The seeds are described by Long, as impregnated with
an aromatic oil, resembling that of the East India nutmeg, so
as to admit of being employed for similar purposes in food or
medicine. The only perceptible difference is that they are less
pungent.

III. XYLOPIA.

Calyx 3-5-lobed, with the divisions ovate, coriace-
ous, somewhat acute. Petals 6 ; the outer larger

ANONACEJE. 13

than the inner. Stamens oo, inserted generally on a
globose receptacle. Carpels 2-15, shortly stipitate,
compressed, 1 -celled, 1-2-seeded, in some dehiscent,
in others subbaccate. Seeds obovate, shining, some-
times arillated. — De Cand.

Trees or shrubs, with the bark and fruit aromatic, natives of
the West Indies, and of the warmer regions of America — Name,
abbreviated by Linnaeus, from XYLOPICRON, a name given by
Browne, and derived from the two Greek words £uXoi/ mood,
and T/xgo;, bitter.

* 1. Xylopia muricata. Muricated Bitter-wood.

Leaves lanceolate acuminate strigose beneath,
bearded at the apex, peduncles many-flowered, car-
pels muricated.

Xylopicron, Browne, 250. t. 5. f. 2. — Xylopia frutescens,
Gartn. Fruct. I. 339. t. 69. f. 7.— X. muricata, De Cand. Syst.
I. 499.

H \B . Mountains in Sixteen-mile Walk.

FL. ?

A shrub : branches glabrous, virgate, stibtortuose. Leaves
shortly petiolate, nervose beneath, 3 inches and upwards long,
and about an inch broad. Peduncles short, branched, many-
flowered. Calyx 3 — 5-lobed. Petals lanceolate. Capsules
shortly stipitate, ovato-globose, punctato-muricated, coriaceous,
2-valved, bilocular, 2-seeded. — De Cand.

Browne calls this the smaller Bitter-wood, and states that he
found it at the foot of the mountains in Sixteen-mile Walk. It
does not appear to have been observed by any other Botanist.

* 2. Xylopia glabra. Glabrous Bitter-wood.

Leaves oblongo-ovate glabrous, peduncles 1 -flow-
ered solitary or two together, carpels smooth.

Xylopicron foliis amplioribus nitidis, Browne, Jam. 251. —
X. a'rbor Barbadensis, Pluk. Aim. 295. t. 238. f. 4,,—Dunal,
Monogr. 121. t. 19.— De Cand. Syst. I. 501.— Prod. I. 92.

HAB. Mountains behind Bull- bay.

FL. ?

A tree ; branches terete, glabrous; slightly punctulated.
Leaves very shortly petiolate, oval, acuminate with the apex
obtuse, glabrous, 2 inches long, and 1 broad. Peduncles brac-
teated. Calyx 3-fid, with the lobes very obtuse, glabrous.
Alabastra oblong, externally appresso-pubescent, 4-lines long.

|4 THALAMIFLORA.

According to Browne, the wood, bark, and berries of this
tree have a warm bitter taste, resembling that of orange seed,
and are described as agreeable to the taste, and grateful to
the palate. The wild pigeons are said to feed much upon
the berries, and owe to them the delicate bitterish flavour, so
peculiar to them when they are in season.

IV. GUATTERIA. Lancewood.

Calyx 3-partite ; lobes ovate, subcordate, acute.
Petals 6, ovate, or obovate. Anthers cc, subsessile.
Carpels oo subbaccate, dry, coriaceous, ovate or sub-
globose, stipitate, 1 -seeded. — De Cand.

Trees or shrubs, natives of the warmer regions of both hemi-
spheres.

* 1. Guatteria virgata. Common Lancewood.

Leaves ovate acuminate very glabrous sub-sessile,
peduncles axillary solitary 1 -flowered, berries substi-
pitate coriaceous ovoid slightly obtuse.

Uvaria lanceolata, Swartz, Prod. 87 U. virgata, Fl. Ltd.

Occ. Q£9 — Dunal, Monogr. 131. t. 31. — Guatteria virgata, De
Cand. Syst. I. 506.

HAB. Native of mountain woods at the west end of the
Island.

FL. ?

A shrub, or a tree of moderate height : branches horizontally
diverging, patulous, terete, glabrous. Leaves alternate, very
shortly petiolate, ovato-lanceolate, acuminate with the apex ob-
tuse, glabrous, venose, rather stiff, an inch and a half in length.
Peduncles axillary, scarcely longer than the petioles, solitary,
squamulose, 1 -flowered. Flowers small, whitish, fragrant.
Calyx 3-partite ; lobes minute, orbiculate. Petals 6, subro-
tund ; the 3 outer larger than the 3 inner. Anthers 16 — 20,
subsessile, incumbent, incurved, white. Ovaries 8, oblong,
erect. Berries shortly stipitate, small, ovate.

* 2. Guatteria laurifolia. Laurel-leaved Lancewood.

Leaves oblong acuminate at both ends glabrous
shortly petiolate, peduncles axillary somewhat crowded
together, berries substipitate ovoid mucronate.

Browne, 370 — Uvaria laurifolia, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. II.
1001 — G. laurifolia, Dunal, Monogr. 132. t. 32.

MENISPERMACE^;. 15

1 1 A I}. Mountain woods in the interior of the Island.

FL. ?

A tree of moderate height : branches lax, diverging ; branch-
lets flexuose, virgate, glabrous. Leaves subdistichous, very
shortly petiolate, oblong, acuminate at both ends, shining above,
3 — 4 inches long. Peduncles axillary and inter-foliaceous,
generally 3 — 4 together, rarely solitary, 3 — 4 lines long, 1-
flowered : unexpanded flowers ovato-trigonal. Calyx 3-partite ;
lobes very small, rounded, concave, ciliated. Petals white,
sub-equal. Anthers 16, acuminate, subsessile, inserted on a
globose receptacle. Ovaries 6 — 8, oblong, angulated, hairy.
Berries substipitate, coriaceous, elliptico-ovoid, glabrous, mu-
cronate.

I have not had an opportunity of examining the flowers or
fruit of either of these species of Lancewood, as they have be-
come, though formerly common, very rare in the districts in
which I have resided. According to Lunan, the former of
these species is known by the name of the black, and the latter
by that of the white Lancewood. The name Lancewood is given
from the circumstance of the stem of the tree being straight,
light, and tough, and therefore well adapted for the shafts of
lances. Both species appear to be equally esteemed, and sought
after for the shafts of chaises.

ORDER V. MENISPERMACE^.

Flowers by abortion unisexual, most frequently
dioecious, very small : sepals and petals confounded,
definite in number, deciduous. — $ Stamens mona-
clelphous or rarely free, equal in number to the petals,
and opposite to them, or 3 or 4 times more numerous.
— 9 Ovaries Tew, free, rarely united together. Drupe
in almost all berried, 1-seeded, oblique, orlunulated :
seed corresponding in shape : embryo curved or peri-
pheral : albumen none or small, fleshy.

This order is composed of twining or sarmentaceous shrubs :
stipules none : leaves alternate, simple, rarely compound, mu-
cronate : flowers small, usually racemose. — The roots and the
mature stems, are bitter, tonic, and exciting, and have been
celebrated as diuretic and stomachic. As examples, we may
instance COCCULUS PALMATUS, a native of Southern Africa, the
roots of which are known by the name of Col&mba or Calumba :
and the CISSAMPELOS PAREIIIA, a common plant in this, as

16 THALAMIFLOR^.

well as in most of the West India Islands. The fruit of
scarcely any of the species is edible : in many, as in the MENI-
SPERMUM COCCULUS, (the cocculus indicus of the shops), it is
acrid and inebriating, and Js employed for catching fish and
birds, and for destroying worms and lice.

I. ClSSAMPELOS.

$ Sepals 4. Petals 0. Stamens monadelphous,
4 or 2. — ? Sepal 1, lateral. Petal 1, situated before
the sepal. Ovary 1 : stigmata 3. Drupe oblique,
reniform : albumen 0 : embryo long, terete, periphe-
ral : radicle superior, situated at the base of the stig-
mata. — De Cand.

Climbing shrubs. — Name, from x/<r<ro; ivy, and a/izfXog the
vine.

1. Cissampelos Pareira. Pareira-brava, or Velvet
leaf.

Leaves subpeltate subcordate ovato-orbiculate pu-
bescent above albido-villous beneath, ? racemes usu-
ally longer than the leaves, berries hispidulous.

Swartz, Obs. 380. t. 10. f. 5. — De Cand. Syst. I. 533.

HAB. Common in the mountains, on fences and in thickets.

FL. February — July.

Twining, filiform, branched, terete, spirally striated, villous.
Leaves alternate, petiolate, suborbiculate, varying from ob-
tusely-ovate to reniform, subcordate, rounded or emarginate at
the apex, mncronate ; when young pubescent above, and albido-
villous beneath ; when old subglabrous above and pubescent
beneath ; nerved, reticulato-venose : petiole shorter than the
leaf, terete, subtomentose. — $ Sepals 4, obovato-spathulate, ob-
tuse, concave, externally hairy. Nectary confeve, orbiculate,
entire. Filament 1, in the centre of the nectary, erect, very
short : anthers 5, united into a capitate body, excavated in the
centre, opening externally along the margin by 4 horizontal
slits. — ? Racemes at the ends of the branches, or axillary, longer
than the leaves : bracteas leafy, gradually diminishing in size to
the end of the raceme, shortly petiolate, suborbiculate, arista-
to-mucronate, pubescent, with about 5 minute shortly pedicelled
flowers within each. Sepal solitary, unilateral, spathulate,
hirsute. Petal solitary, placed before and but half the length
of the sepal, truncated, hypogynous. Ovary ovate, villous:
stigmata 3. Berry globose, slightly compressed, of an orange-
red colour, hispidulous.

NYMPHLEACEJE. 17

DeCandolle, in his System, takes no notice of what is described
here, as also by Swartz, as a nectary.

<2. CissampeloS microcarpa. Woolly Pareira, or

Velvet leaf.

Leaves sub-peltate orbiculate subreniform tomen-
tose beneath, berries at first pubescent afterwards
glabrous. — De Cand.

Var. jS. C. Pareira, Swartz, Obs. 380. — Browne, Jam. 557.
— C. microcarpa, De Cand. Syst. I.

HAB. Plains and lower hills, where the white limestone pre-
vails.

FL. February — July.

Stem villous. Leaves pubescent above, and villoso-tomen-
tose beneath. — $ Racemes occasionally shorter, but usually
longer than the leaf. In every other respect, this plant agrees
with the preceding species. This may therefore be considered
as merely a variety of the c. PAREIRA.

The juice of the leaves of the Pareira-brava, according to Piso,
is employed by the Brazilians as a remedy against the bite of
serpents. Sloane mentions that the leaves may be used, beat up
into a pulp, as an application to sores. The root, which is black,
stringy, of the thickness of that of Sarsaparilla, and runs super-
ficially under the surface of the ground, has long been employed
in medicine.- It has an agreeable bitter taste, and has the cha-
racter of being diuretic and alterative. It is prescribed m
dropsy, dysury, urinary calculus, jaundice, gout, and cutaneous
diseases. The infusion is recommended to be drunk freely during
the irritable stage of gonorrhoea, and is also employed as a ve-
hicle in the administration of other medicines, where we wish
a mild grateful bitter to be combined with the principal indica-
tion. It has also been found useful in pulmonary complaints.
" I knew a Physician,'' says Barham, " perform great cures on
consamptive persons, who told me that his remedy was only a
syrup made of the leaves and root of this plant, for which he
had a pistole a bottle." The analysis of M. Feneulle (Journal
de Pharmacie, VII. 404) gives as its composition a resin, a
yellow bitter principle, another brown principle, fecula, an ani-
mal substance, and different salts. It may be administered iti
doses of a scruple to a drachm of the powdered root, or a wine
glassful 3 times daily of the infusion of an oz. of the root to a
pint of boiling water.

ORDER VIII. NYMPILEACE^E
Sepals and petals numerous, imbricated, passing

18 THALAMIFLORJE.

gradually into each other, the former persistent, the
latter inserted on the disk. Stamens numerous, in-
serted above the petals on the disk : filaments petaloid :
anthers adnate, bursting inwards by a double longitu-
dinal cleft. Disk large, surrounding the ovary. Ovary
many-celled, polyspermous, with the stigmata radiat-
ing from a common centre. Fruit many-celled, in-
dehiscent. Seeds very numerous, enveloped in a
gelatinous arillus : albumen farinaceous : embryosmall,
on the outside of the base of the albumen, enclosed in
a membranaceous bag : cotyledons foliaceous.

The plants of this Order are floating aquatics, with peltate,
or cordate fleshy leaves. It is remarkable that they are all
natives of the Northern hemisphere, as none have hitherto been
•discovered in the Southern. The root-like stems and flowers
were in ancient times regarded as narcotic, and sedative. The
former are slightly bitter and astringent, and, as they abound
with fecula, have been, after being well washed, employed, as
at present in China, as an article of food. The seeds also are
edible and wholesome, and those of one species (NELUMBIUM
SPECIOSUM), were formerly used as food by the Egyptians, being
the celebrated bean of Pythagoras. All the species are remark-
able for the beauty of their flowers, and, from this, as also from
their anomalous vegetation, were regarded by the ancient
Egyptians, and by the Hindoos even in the present day, among
their sacred plants.

I. NELUMBIUM.

Carpels many, distinct, 1-2-seeded, 1-styled, im-
mersed in an elevated obconical deeply foveolated (on
the upper surface) torus. Seeds solitary in each
carpel, destitute of either arillus or albumen. — De
Cand.

Name from Nelumbo, the name of the water-lily in Ceylon.

1. * Nelumbium Jamaicense. Jamaica Nelumbo.
Leaves orbiculate peltate rayed beneath, fruit ob-
conical, seed large nidulant Brown.

Nymphaea, Browne, Jam. 343.
HAB. Lagoons behind the Ferry.

FL. ?

Browne appears to be the only Botanist who has had an
opportunity of observing this plant.

19

II. NYMPHS A. Water-lily.

Carpels 16-20, polyspermous, included within the
enlarged torus, with the stigmata radiating over a
berry-like fruit. Nectary 1, in the centre of the
stigma, sessile, ovato-globose. Sepals 4, surrounding
the margin of the torus. Petals 16-28 adnate on an
elevated torus which covers the ovary.

Name, given to this genus from the circumstance of the
plants, of which it is composed, growing in water, the resi-
dence ascribed by the poets of antiquity to the Water-Nymphs.

1. Nymphaea. Large Water-lily.
Leaves peltate sinuato-dentate very glabrous, nerves

beneath very prominent and areolately reticulated.

Sloane, Hist. I. 252.— Browne, <M3—De Cand. Syst. II. 54-

HAB. Lagoons, and ponds of water. Near the Ferry.

FL. Throughout the year.

Leaves peltate, cordate, sinuato-dentate, with the under sur-
face of deep purple colour, and traced with prominent reticula-
ted nerves : petiole terete, coloured. Sepals 4, lanceolate,
nerveless, externally green marked with purple dots, upwards
of an inch in length. Petals 12-20 (the two outer ones sepal-
oid,) oblong, slightly narrowing towards the base, obtuse, thin,
white, longitudinally veined. Stamens numerous, in about 4
rows, inserted (as also the petals) on the under surface of the
elevated torus. Stigmata 15-20, peltately rayed. Nectary in
the centre of the shield of the stigmata, sessile, hemispherical.
Carpels of the same number as the stigmata, many-seeded : seeds
attached to the sides of the carpels, arillated.

There is a variety common in the ponds near the sea-shore
in St George's, in which the leaves are duplicate- dentate.

2. Nymphsea blanda ? Marsh-lily.
Leaves cordate very entire, nerves on the under

surface channelled, petals 12—16 acuminate.

N. alba, major, Shane, I. 252. — Lunan, Hort. Jam. II. 271 —
N. blanda, Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 201. — De Cand. Syst. II. 59.

HAB. Ditches and marshy land, not common. Marsh, on
the road from Montpelier estate to the Penn, St Thomas in
the east.

FL'. Throughout the year.

Calycine sepals 4, lanceolate, marked externally with purplish
streaks or dots. Petals in my specimens 12, (the 4 outermost,
sepaloul), shorter than the sepals, but twice the length of the

20 THALAMIFLOILK.

stamens. Stamens numerous, in several rows. Stigmata rayed.
Nectary in the centre of the stigmata, mamillary.

ORDER IX. PAPAVERACE^E.

Calycine sepals 2, leafy, deciduous. Petals hypo-
gynous, irregularly plicate previous to evolution, either
4, or a multiple of that number. Stamens hypogy-
nous, 8, 12, or some other multiple of 4. Ovary 1 :
style short, or none : stigmata 2, or many. Capsule
1 -celled with several placentae, or pod-shaped with 2
parietal placentae. Seeds GO , very rarely (and that
from abortion) solitary : albumen between fleshy and
oily : embryo minute : cotyledons plano-convex, ovato-
oblong.

The greater number of the plants composing this Order are
annuals. The leaves are alternate : peduncles axillary and
terminal : flowers usually large, of a white, yellow, or red, but
never of a blue colour. All parts abound with a milky juice,
usually white, rarely yellow or tinged with red, of a gum-
resinous nature, to the taste acrid and bitter, and possessing,
especially when white, a narcotic property. The seeds of all
the species are oily, and are in no degree narcotic.

I. ARGEMONE.

Calycine sepals 2-3, concave, mucronate, rough
with aculeiform hairs. • Petals 4-6. Stamens co.
Ovary ovate, crowned with 4-7 radiating persistent
stigmata. Capsule 1 -celled, dehiscent at the apex.
Seeds spherical, scrobiculate. — De Cand.

Name from agysuot, the disease cataract of the eye, for which
the juice of this plant was supposed to be a remedy.

1. Argemone Mexicana. Mexican or Gamboge
Thistle.

Papaver spinosmn, Auctorum Antiq. — A. Mexicana, Bot.
Mag. 243.— De Cand. Syst. II. 85.

HAB. Common, especially in the plains.

PAPAVEKACE.E. 21

FL. Throughout the year.

Herbaceous, 1-2 'feet in height : branches erect, terete,
glaucous, subaculeate with stiff prickly hairs. Leaves alter-
nate, sessile, oblong, repando-sinuated with the angles dentato-
spinulose, nerved, glaucescent. Peduncles axillary, very short,
1 -flowered. Flowers large, yellow. Calyx sparingly aculeato-
pilose ; sepals usually 2, accrete, previous to the opening of the
flower, concave with the apex hooded, and externally conical
(the cone terminating in a prickly awn), deciduous. Petals
usually 6, wedge-shaped at the base. Stamens about 20, half
the length of the petals, and of the same length as the ovary :
anthers oblong. Ovary oblong, angulose, setaceo-pilose with
appressed hairs : stigmata usually 4, purple, reflected, concave.
Capsule size of a walnut, somewhat oblong, angulose, setaceo-
prickly. Seeds numerous, spherical, compressed, with numer-
ous minute roundish excavations on the surface.

This plant, as its specific name indicates, was supposed at
one time to be peculiar to Mexico. It has however been found
in all the warmer parts of the globe, as far South in the Old
World as the Cape of Good Hope, and as far North in the New
as Canada. It is common in all the West India Islands, in
the valleys and on the hills of St Helena, and even in the
Sandwich Islands. De Candolle states that he has had oppor-
tunities of examining specimens from very different parts of
the world, and that he could detect no difference. He supposes
that it must have migrated from America, which he considers
to have been its native country, by means of its seeds conveyed
by travellers, to India and elsewhere.

The Spaniards call the fruit of this plant, Figo del inftrno,
from the prickly hairs with which it is armed. Barham how-
ever tells us a different story. " The fruit," he says, " is called
Ficus infernalis ; and well it may, for it contains seeds enough
to send any that should take them wilfully to inferno, being
much stronger than any opium." There is however a good
deal of exaggeration in this. The late Dr Affleck mentions
that he frequently administered the seeds in the form of emul-
sion, by rubbing up two drachms of them with sugar, and
adding a pint of boiling water ; and that it acted at first as an
anodyne, and afterwards as a purgative. Were this the case, it
would be invaluable as a remedy in many diseases ; but unfortun-
ately it has not been found to fulfil the desired intentions, for
an emulsion, prepared in the manner above described, produced,
when administered, no perceptible effect. An oil, expressed
from the seeds, is employed in Mexico by the native artists, for
varnishing the wood, to prepare it for the reception of the colours.
In the East Indies, the native doctors, are said, to make use of
this oil as an external application in cases of headach, and for
scald-head.

All parts of the plant abound with a milky gelatinous juice,

22 THAI. AM I FLORAE.

which, on being exposed to the air, changes to a bright yellow,
and on drying assumes the appearance of Gamboge. The
native doctors of India drop the juice of the plant into the eye,
in cases of chronic Ophthalmia accompanied with opacity or
dulness of the cornea; and they also apply it to primary
syphilitic sores. The infusion of the plant is said to be diuretic,
and to give relief in Stranguary from blisters.

ARGEMONE ALBIFLORA, a native of Georgia and Louisiana,
has of late been cultivated in our gardens, from seed sent by
Dr Hamilton of Plymouth. It is a very handsome plant, with
white flowers thrice the size of those of the common Gamboge
thistle. It appears to be perennial, and is correctly regarded by
some Botanists as a distinct species.

II. BOCCONIA.

Sepals 2, caducous. Petals 0. Stamens 8-24.
Ovary substipitate : stigmata 2, patent. Capsule 2-
valved, J -seeded : seed fixed to the bottom of the
capsule, erect.

The species, belonging to this genus, which are natives of
China, are herbaceous ; those, which are indigenous to America,
are shrubby. They all abound in a yellow juice. — Name ; in
memory of Paolo Boccone, M. D., a Sicilian monk, under the
name of Sylvius, of the Cistercian Order, Author of " ICONES
ET DESCRIPTIONES PLANTARDM," published by Morrison, at
Oxford, 1764.

1. Bocconia frutescens. Parrot-weed, or Celandine.

Suffruticose, leaves pinnatifid wedge-shaped at the
base.

Sloane, I. 196. t. 125. — Browne, 244. — Jacq. Am. 146 —
Stoartz, Obs. 187 Lodd. Bot. Cab. 83.— De Cand. Syst. II. 90.

HAB. Common in the interior of the Island.

FL. October — January.

Suffruticose, usually 6 feet in height, terete, marked with
the scars of the leaves which have dropt off, fragile, dividing
into a few simple branches which at their extremities are velu-
tino-tomentose : central pith large, white. Leaves at the ends
of the branches, a foot or more in length, ovali-oblong, wedge-
shaped at the base, pinnatifid ; lobes broad, subacute, subserrated,
green and puberulous with minute flocculent white tufts above,
glauco-cinereous and tomentoso-velutine beneath : petiole
nearly 2 inches in length. Panicle terminal, a foot or more in
length, erect, crowded : common peduncle 3-gonal, farinose,
branched : pedicels about i an inch in length, filiform. Bracteas
at the divisions of the panicle, and at the base of the pedicels,

CRUCIFEH/E. 23

oblongo-lanceolate, acuminate, concave, puberulous. Sepals
obovato-oblong, shortly subacuminate with the apex blunt,
concave, externally sanguineo-purpnreseent, caducous. Stamens
12, or more frequently 16: filaments finely capillary : anthers
linear. Alibastrum ovate. Pulp, in which the base of the seed
is immersed, of a cinnabar colour.

This plant is indigenous to all the West India Islands. It
grows in waste places, and in land which has been partially
cultivated. All parts of the plant, especially previous to flower-
ing, abound with a yellow juice ; and Barham supposes that,
from its resembling the common Celandine in this respect, it has
received the same name. According to Hernandez, the Indian
kings cultivated it in their gardens ; but for what purpose, it is
difficult to imagine, as, though a handsome plant, and of a
rather remarkable appearance, its flowers have no pretensions
to beauty. The juice is acrid and bitter, and, like that of the
Gamboge thistle, has been employed in cases of chronic Ophthal-
mia. The expressed juice of the root has also been made use
of in similar cases, and to remove warts and fungous flesh, and
as an application for tetters and ring-worm. The root scraped
and beat up into a pulp, is an excellent application to foul ulcers.
From the colour of the root, it commonly receives the name of
the Wild Carrot.

ORDER XI. CRUCIFER^E

Perigonium double, hypogynous. Calyx of 4
sepals, cruciate. Petals 4, cruciate, alternate with the
sepals. Stamens 6, of which 2 are shorter, solitary,
and opposite to the lateral sepals ; 4 longer, in pairs,
opposite to the anterior and the posterior sepals.
Disk with various green glandules between the petals
and the stamen and ovary. Ovary unilocular, 1-
styled. Fruit a silique. Seeds exalbuminose :
embryo curved, with the cotyledons folded over the
radicle.

Herbaceous plants, annual, biennial, or perennial, very sel-
dom suffruticose : leaves alternate ; flowers usually yellow or
white, seldom purple. The species comprised in this order,
are, according to De Candolle, 900 in number, of which he has
had opportunities of examining 800. There are only two

24 THALAMIFLOKvE.

species indigenous to the West Indies; the greater number
being natives of temperate regions. This is, as De Candolle
remarks, an order eminently European. The localities of the
different species are very various. Some .delight in open
sandy plains ; others in alpine regions, bordering the line of
perpetual snow, marking the extreme limits of vegetation. Not
a few establish themselves in the vicinity of the habitations of
man, following him in his migrations, and like him becoming
established in every quarter of the globe. — The general pro-
perties of the Crucifera? are stimulating and acrid, depending
on an oily volatile principle, the characters of which have not
as yet been completely made known to us by Chemistry. From
being stimulant, they excite, when taken internally, the digestive
organs, and are peculiarly useful in removing their torpid and
impaired action which prevails in Scurvy. Hence all of the
Cruciferce have the character of being Antiscorbutic. They are
also Diaphoretic and Diuretic, and, in the case of the white
mustard-seed, Emmenagogue.

I. NASTURTIUM. Cress.

Pod nearly cylindrical (sometimes short) ; valves
concave, neither nerved nor keeled. Cotyledons ac-
cumbent, (O = ). Calyx patent. — Brown. •

Herbaceous and generally aquatic plants. The species are
more widely diffused than is usual with the Cruciferse. The
name is derived from NASUS the nose, and TORTUS convulsed,
from the effect produced on that organ by the acrid pungent
quality of these plants.

1. Nasturtium officinale. Water-cress.

Leaves pinnated, leaflets ovate subcordate sinuato-
dentate.

S/oane, I. 193 — Browne, 272 — Sisymbrium nasturtium,
Eng.FL 192.— Eng. Bot. t, 855.— Nasturtium officinale, Br.
Hort. Kew. IV. 110.— De Cand. Syst. II. 188.

HAB. Brooks and marshy grounds in the mountains, and in
cool shady situations.

FL. April— May.

In some of our Jamaica specimens, the leaflets are suboppo-
site, 4-paired with an odd one, oblong, subcordate and unequi-
lateral at the base, (the lowest side being the largest and sub-
auriculated,) rounded, somewhat retuse at the apex, sinuato-
dentate ; the terminal leaflet is also not larger than the pair
next to it, although the innermost pair is much smaller. In
these respects they agree with the variety 7 of De Candolle,
described by Ruiz and Pavon as a native of Chili. These

CRUCIFER^;. 25

slight peculiarities appear to be the result of a luxuriant state
of the plant, favoured by climate and situation.

The water-cress is to be found in every quarter of the globe,
from the Cape of Good Hope to Norway, and from Japan to
Madeira in the Old World, and in the Northern and Southern
divisions, as well as in the West India Islands of the New. It
delights in the shady banks of rivulets, and, unaffected by cli-
mate, preserves every where its characters almost unchanged.

This is a well known, and wholesome salad. It is slightly
stimulant, and has the reputation of being antiscorbutic. It is
cultivated to supply the London market in the valley of Spring-
head, near Gravesend. Is is also grown in the vicinity of Eu
and Rouen in Normandy. In this Island it is to be found in
every rivulet which is not subject to be dried up during
drought.

II. CARDAMINE. Ladies' Smock.

Pod linear ; valves flat, generally separating elasti-
cally, nerveless. Seed-stalks slender. Cotyledons ac-
cumbent ( C = ). — Hooker.

Name, from xapBaftov water-cresses.

1. Cardamine sylvatica. Wood-land Ladies' Smock.

Leaves pinnated and without stipules, leaflets petio-
lated, the radical ones orbiculate and sinuato-dentate,
the upper ones and especially those near the base of
the leaf'cuneato-eijngated and toothed, petiole ciliated
towards the base, stamens 4 rarely 6, stigma nearly
sessile.

De Cand. Syst. II. 260 __ C. impatiens, FL Dan. t. 735.

HAB. Common in Port-Royal and St David's mountains,
on rocks with a northern exposure.

FL. January — March.

Usually 8 inches in height, dividing into several branches,
which are simple, compressed, angulose, glabrous. Leaves
principally radical, pinnated: leaflets petiolated, usually 3
paired with an odd one ; the outermost leaflet the largest, orbi-
culate, slightly acute at the base, irregularly sinuato-dentate ;
the innermost pair at a distance from the base of the leaf, cu-
neato-elongated, toothletted at the apex ; all of them glabrous :
petiole villous and ciliated towards the base. Raceme terminal ;
at first, as also the pedicels, short, but afterwards elongating.
Flowers small, white. Sepals 4, minute, subunequal, lineari-
oblong, bluntish, coloured. Petals 4 ; sometimes only 2, or

2(j THALAMIFLORA:.

none • clawed ; limb obovate, rounded at the apex. Stamens
usually 4. Ovary linear: style very short: stigma bearded
with minute papillary hairs. Silique nearly an inch in length,
erect, subterete,>ompresspd, glabrous, opening elastically, with
the valves revolute towards the apex : seeds orbiculate, light-
ferruginous.

I have no doubt but that this is the C. Sylvatica of authors,
said to be common throughout Europe. It has probably been
introduced by accident into this country. It is a very common
plant in our mountain districts. The elasticity.of the varves of
the pods is very distinct, and the seeds are projected by means
of it to a considerable distance.

III. COCHLEARIA. Scurvy-grass.
Pouch oval or globose, many-seeded, with the valves

turgid. Filaments simple. Seeds not margined.
Calyx patent. Cotyledons accumbent, (O = ). —
Brown.

Name, from the leaves resembling a spoon (COCHLEAB) in
shape.

1. Cochlearia Armoracia. Horse-radish.
Pouch oblong, stigma dilated nearly sessile, radical
leaves oblong on long footstalks crenate, cauline ones
elongate-lanceolate serrate or entire. — Hooker.

Engl Bot. t. 2323.— Hook. Scot. 1. 196.— Eng. Fl. III. 177.

HAB. Cultivated, or an outcast from gardens.

FL ? v

This plant has long been introduced into the Island. It is,
when once established in a garden, with difficulty eradicated. I
have never observed it in flower. Lunan however remarks that
" it blossoms and seeds luxuriantly."* The root is long and
runs deep in the ground ; it has a pungent flavour, is supposed
to favour digestion, and is well known at our tables as a condi-
ment : being a strong stimulant, it acts externally as a rubefa-
cient: and a syrupf is prepared from it, which is peculiarly
useful in hoarseness, and recent sore throats.

IV. CAPSELLA. Shepherd? s-purse.
Pouch laterally compressed, obcordato-cuneate ;

* Lun. Hort. Jamaic. 1. 384.

f Take, Fresh horse radish root scraped 1 drachm.
Water, - - . - 4 oz.

Sugar, £lb:

Mix and boil to form a syrup. A tea-spoonful a doze.

CRUCIFEIIJE. 27

valves keeled, without wings, many-seeded. Cotyle-
dons incumbent, (C II ). — Hooker.

Name, the diminutive of CAPSULA, a little casket or capsule.

1. Capsella bursa-pastoris. Common Shepherd's
purse.

De Cand. Syst. II. 283 Thlapsi bursa-pastoris, Engl. Bot.

t. 1435.

1IAJ3. Waste places, and coffee-fields, in the mountains.

Fl.. Throughout the year.

This is a very common plant in Europe, from whence it has
migrated to this, as well as to almost every other region of the
globe. Thus, it has been found in India and the Mauritius,
and at Magellan's straits and the Cape of Good Hope. In
the specimens met with in this Island, the leaves towards the
bottom of the stem are petiolated, obovato-oblong, attenuated
at the base ; those of the stem, lanceolate-sagittate ; all of them
acute, toothed, hispid with stellated hairs. Seeds 10 in each
cell ; under the glass minutely punctulated.

V. SISYMBRIUM. Hedge-mustard.

Pod rounded or angular. Cotyledons incumbent,
(Oil) sometimes oblique, plane. Calyx patent, some-
times erect. — Brown.

Name, from ciauppgiov, the designation of some plant probably
allied to this genus.

1 . Sisymbrium officinale. Common Hedge-mustard.

Pods subulate pubescent closely pressed to the
main-stalk, leaves muricated hairy, stem hispid. —
Brown.

Erysimum officinale, Engl. Bot. t. 735. — Sisymbrium offici-
nale, Engl. Fl. III. 190.— Hooker, Brit. Fl. 305 Pursh, Fl.

Bor. Am. II. 436.— De Cand. Syst. II. 436.

HAB. In coffee pieces and by the roadsides, Port-Royal
mountains, not uncommon.

FL. Throughout the year.

There cannot be a doubt but that this is identical with the
species which bears the above designation, and which is com-
mon in every part of Europe. The only point of difference is,
that the pods, in our Jamaica specimens, are, when young, under
the glass sparingly puberulous, but afterwards glabrous. This
is the case, according to Pursh, in the specimens collected by
him in South Carolina.

28 THALAMIFLOR-fli.

The hedge mustard has been celebrated in medicine as a diur:
etic, detersive, and expectorant. It has been employed as a
remedy for asthma and hoarseness, and hence its French name
of Herbe aux chanteurs. Dr Cullen recommended a syrup pre-
pared by boiling equal quantities of the juice and sugar or
honey, as almost a specific for habitual hoarseness. The plant
when bruised acts as a rubefacient. Goats and sheep are the
only animals partial to it as food.

VI. SENEBIERA. Wart-cress.

Pouch didymous, without valves or wings : stigma
sessile : cells 1-seeded. Cotyledons linear, incumbent,
(Oil).

Named in honour of Jean Senebier of Geneva, author of
several works on Vegetable Physiology.

] . Senebiera pinnatifida. Lesser Wart-cress.

Leaves pinnatifid, lobes oblong toothed or sub-in-
cised, silicules compressed didymous emarginate at the
apex (to the glass) reticulated.

Coronopus didyma, Smith et Hooker — Senebiera pinnatifida,
De Cand. Syst. II. 523.

HAB. Common in Port- Royal and St Andrew's mountains.

FI.j. Throughout the year.

This plant is to be found in almost every part of the globe.
De Candolle suspects that it must have originally been a native
of America, and that it has become disseminated through Eu-
rope by accident, or from escaping from some garden. Hence
it is unnoticed by the elder botanists, and even now it is prin-
cipally found near the sea-shore or in the vicinity of botanic
gardens. It is very abundant in the mountain districts of our
own Island. The early leaves which are radical, and much
larger than those of the stem, afford when young an excellent
salad, much superior to those of the garden cress, which they
resemble in taste.

VII. LEPIDIUM. Pepper-wort.

Pouch with the cells one-seeded: valves keeled.
Petals equal. Cotyledons incumbent (Oil), rarely
accumbent, ( O = ). — Brown.

Name, from Xsflvc a scale; the little pouches resembling
scale in form.

CRUCIFERjE. 29

1. Lepidium sativum. Oar den-cress.

Silicules orbiculate winged emarginate, leaves vari-
ously divided or cut, branches not spinescent.

Var. y. latifolium, De Cand. Syst. II. 533.

HAB. A common weed in the mountains, and moist situations.

FL. Throughout the year

This is said to have originally been indigenous to Persia, and
the Island of Cyprus. It has long been cultivated in the gar-
dens of Europe, and has become a very common weed in hilly
situations, and even in the plains, where the climate is moist, of
this Island. It is a favourite salad, and has the reputation of
being antiscorbutic and antiphthisical.

VIII. BRASSICA. Cabbage, Turnip.

Pod 2-valved (with a sterile 1-oc -seeded beak).
.Cotyledons conduplicate fO») Calyx erect. —
Brown.

Name, derived from the Celtic BRESIC a cabbage, according
to Theis.

1. Brassica oleracea. Cabbage.

Leaves glaucous'with pollen subcarnose repand or
lobed very glabrous.

De Cand. Syst. II. 583.

H \B Cultivated.

FL. ?

The following varieties of this useful vegetable are cultivated
in this Island: — 1. BULL ATA; the Savoy cabbage. 2. CAPITATA;
including the following subvarieties or sorts ; A, RUBRA, the
red cabbage; B, DEPRESSA, the drum*head ; c, CONICA, the
sugar loaf, Battersea, and early York cabbages. 3. CAULORAPA,
the turnip stemmed cabbage. 4. BOTRYTIS, including, A,
CAULIFLORA, the cauliflower; and B, ASPARAGOIDES, the broccoli.
There is a 5th variety, ACEPHALA, of which one sort, RAMOSA
or» Brussels' sprouts, is occasionally cultivated. Of these, the
early York is the most hardy, and comes to the greatest per-
fection.

The Cabbage tribe is the most ancient as well as the most
extensive of all the classes of cultivated vegetables. The B.
OLERACEA SYLVESTRis, the original stock of this diversified race,
grows naturally along the sea-shore at the foot of Mount Athos
in Greece, along the West coast of England, and in the Firth of
Forth in S£>tland. In this part of the world, we are indebted
for our supply of seeds of the different varieties to England and

30 THALAMIFLORJE.

the United States, although they flower and seed readily in our
mountains. Should it be desired to obtain seed for our own
use some of the best heads ought to be selected, and dug up,
and sunk in the ground to the top of the stem ; and in the course
of a few months a flower stalk will appear, followed by a plen-
tiful supply of seed.

The Cabbage, of all the European vegetables cultivated in
this Island, is produced in the greatest perfection, being not at
all inferior to what is grown in more temperate climates. It is
generally considered as of a flatulent nature, and apt to disagree
with persons of a weak digestion. The ancient Greeks and
Romans were of the belief, that it prolonged life, and pre-
served the brain from the intoxicating effects of wine.

2. Brassica campestris. Field Cabbage.
Leaves glaucous with pollen subcarnulose, the
lower ones the first produced subhispid or ciliated
lyrate dentate, the rest cordato-amplexicaul acuminate.'
— De Cand.

De Cand. Syst. II. 588.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. ?

Of this species there are 3 varieties; 1. OLEIFERA ; 2. PABU-
LARIA ; 2. NAPO-BRASSICA. The latter, known in Europe as the
Swedish turnip, and in this country as the Turnip-rooted cabbage,
is commonly cultivated in our gardens. The leaves, as well as
the root, are made use of as vegetables. They are more easily
digested than either the cabbage or turnip.

3. Brassica rapa. Turnip.

Radical leaves lyrate destitute of a glaucous pollen
setoso-scabrous, those of the stem nearly entire
smooth.

De Cand Syst. II. 590.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL, ?

The Turnip is said to be a native of different parts of Europe.
It is-cultivated in this country, but seldom comes to perfection,
unless sown in provision grounds, on land with a declivity, in
the mountains. In such situations, they may be grown to a
large size, and with a flavour not inferior to those of Europe.
The Turnip is regarded as a very excellent vegetable, being
pleasant and cooling to the taste, and gently aperient. De
Candolle mentions that a decoction of turnips, sweetened with
sugar, is an excellent remedy for aphtha:, and in phthisical cases.

CRUCIFEHA;. 31

IX. SINAPIS. Mustard.

Pod 2-valved (sometimes of 2 joints of which the
upper one is without valves). Cotyledons condupli-
cate, ( O »). Calyx patent. — Brown.

Herbaceous, rarely suffruticose, frequently biennial. Leaves
usually lyrate, or inciso-dentate : racemes terminal ; flowers
yellow. — Name, from the Greek o-ivxm.

I . Sinapis lanceolata. West India Mustard.

Glabrous, lower leaves sublyrate, upper oneslineari-
lanceolate entire, pods with a conical seedless beak.

Raphanus lanceolatus, Willd. III. 562. — Sinapis lanceolata,
De Cand. Syst. II. 611.

HAB- Common in the mountains of Port- Royal, &c.

FL. The early months of the year.

About 3 feet in height, erect ; branches terete, glabrous,
glaucescent, not unfrequently purpurescent. The lower leaves
petiolate, nearly a foot in length, glabrous, nerved, and reticu-
lato-venose, sublyrate with the terminal lobe large rounded and
coarsely inciso-dentate ; the lateral lobes about 4-paired, sub-
opposite, coarsely toothed, except the innermost pair which are
small and subentire ; leaves at the middle of the stem petiolate,
ovato oblong, coarsely toothed ; upper leaves lineari-, or oblongo-
lanceolate, narrowing towards the base, entire. Racemes ter-
minal : pedicels \ an inch in length, filiform : flowers yellow.
Silique patent, cylindraceo-subtetragonal, glabrous, 1 \ inch in
length, besides a subulate seedless beak, |th of an inch in length :
seed small, brownish.

X. Raphanus. Radish.

Pod without valves. Cotyledons conduplicate,
((•)»)• Calyx erect. — Brown.

Name, from aavos a radish,

1. Raphanus sativus. Garden Radish.

Pods terete torose acuminate scarcely longer than
the pedicels. — De Cand.

HAT!- Cultivated.

FL. Throughout the year.

The common garden Radish is a native of China, Japan, and
Western Asia. It has been cultivated for several centuries in
the gardens of Europe. The roots are eaten raw as a salad.

32 THALAM1FLOIUE.

2. (?) Raphanus lanceolatus. West India Radish.

Pods bilocular ventricose smooth, beak subtetrago-
nal, leaves lanceolate, those of the stem subdentate at
the apex.

Willd. III. 562.— De Cand. Syst. II. 669.

HAB. Plantain-Garden-River bay.

FL. February — May.

Herbaceous, a foot or more in height, erect : branches smooth,
angulose, striated : leaves alternate, petiolate, lanceolate, round-
ed at the apex ; those of the stem subdentate, of the branches
entire; attenuated at the base, nerveless. Raceme terminal.
Pedicels short, terete. Calyx 4-fid; divisions blunt. Petals
4, roundish, clawed. Stamens 6; anthers greenish-yellow.
Style thickened towards the ovary: stigma truncated with the
edge reflected. Silique upwards of an inch in length, bilocular,
contracted between the seeds, tetragonal and beaked towards
the extremity.

ORDER XII. CAPPARIDE^E.

Calycine sepals 4, either distinct, equal, or unequal ;
or cohering in a tube with the limb variable. Petals
4, cruciate, usually unguiculate and unequal. Sta-
mens generally perigynous, very seldom tetradyna-
mous, most frequently some high multiple of a qua-
ternary number, definite, or indefinite. Disk hemi-
spherical or elongated, generally glanduliferous. Ovary
stalked: style none or filiform. Fruit either pod-
shaped and dehiscent, or berried, l-celled, very rarely
1-seeded, most frequently with 2 polyspermous pla-
centae. Seeds generally reniform, exalbuminous : em-
bryo incurved : cotyledons leafy, flattish.

Herbaceous plants, shrubs, and even trees, without true sti-
pules, but sometimes with spines in their place : leaves alter-
nate, simple or palmate — The CAPPARIDE^E resemble the pre-
ceding Order, in respect to the properties possessed by many of
the species. The Capers are stimulant, antiscorbutic, and
aperient ; the bark of some of them is diuretic ; and sevei'al
species of CLEOME have the pungent taste of mustard. We

CAVPARIDI'JE. 33

liave not as yet succeeded in naturalising in our climate the
common Caper tree (C. SPINOSA), a native of the South of Eu-
rope.

I. GYNANDROPSIS.

Calycine sepals 4, patent. Petals 4. Disk elon-
gated. Stamens 6, monadelphous around the disk,
free at the apex. Silique' stalked on the calyx, at the
extremity of the disk. — De Cand.

1. Gynandropsis pentaphylla. Five-leaved bastard
Mustard.

Subglabrous, the middle leaves 5-foliate, the lower
and floral ones 3-foliate, leaflets subserrulated.

Sloane, I. 294. — Cleome pentaphylla, Lun. Hort. Jam. I. 68.
— G. pentaphylla, De Cand. Prod. I. 238.

IIAB. Common in dry situations.

!'].. August — October.

About 2 feet in height, herbaceous : branches few, subsuc-
culent towards their extremities. Leaflets somewhat spathu-
late, narrowing towards the base, bluntish at the apex, serru-
lated with the teeth terminating in a seta: petiole elongated, sub-
terete, slightly channelled and hirsute above: petiolules short.
Racemes terminal, simple, leafy : peduncle terete, subhirsute.
Floral leaves 3-foliate, similar in shape to, but smaller than
those of the branches. Pedicels an inch in length, terete, fili-
form, closely puberulous with minute capitato-glandulous hairs.
Disk elongated. Sepals 4, lanceolate, spreading ; 2 of them
rather longer than the others. Petals subequal, clawed, with
the border rotundo-spathulate, white with a slight tinge of
purple. Filaments united and adherent to the elongated disk
at the base : distinct at the apex, capillary, purple, spreading :
anthers lineari-oblong, afterwards recurved. Ovary lineari-
oblong, terete, densely papilloso-puberulous. Silique 3-4
inches long, strigoso-hispid : seeds numerous, reniform.

The lower flowers of the raceme are fertile ; the upper ones
are usually abortive.

This plant has a warm bitter taste. It is said to be a very
wholesome green, and to be a preventative against belly-ache ;
but to render it palatable, it requires a long boiling, and the
water to be frequently changed. The juice, either plain, or
mixed with sweet oil, is a certain remedy for the ear-ache. It
ought to be warmed previous to being used. A preparation
may be made by beating up the young branches of the plant,
with sweet oil, in a mortar.

34 THALAMIFLORJE.

II. CLEOME.

Calycine sepals 4, patent, subequal. Petals 4.
Disk subhemispherical. Stamens 6, rarely 4. Silique
dehiscent sessile or stalked on the calyx.— De Cand.

Name, employed by a physician in the 4th century to desig-
nate a plant, which, like this, resembled mustard in its taste,
and grew in moist places.

SECT. 1. Pedicellaria.
Disk fleshy, subglobose. Thecaphorum elongated.

1. Cleome heptaphylla. Seven-leaved bastard Mus-
tard.

Herbaceous prickly hirsuto-viscose, leaves 5-7-fo-
liate viscoso-pubescent, floral leaves sessile cordate,
siliqueviscoso-pubescent longer than the thecaphorum.

Sloane, I. 194. — Browne, 373. — C. spinosa, Jacq. Amer. 190.

HAB. Common in waste places.

FL. Throughout the year.

About 4 feet in height, fruticose towards the base, terete,
hirsute with hairs tipt with viscid glandules, prickly : prickles
stipulary, short, thick, sharp, subulate. Leaves 5— 7-foliate,
pedate ; leaflets shortly petiolulated, lanceolate, attenuated at
both ends, hirsute along the midrib towards the base, otherwise
pubescent and ciliated with viscoso-capitate hairs, penni-nerved :
petiole terete, slightly channelled, occasionally prickly. Ra-
ceme terminal. Pedicels about an inch in length, terete, vis-
coso-hirsute, each furnished at the insertion with a small sessile
cordate viscoso-pubescent floral leaf. Sepals 4, sub-unequal,
lineari-lanceolate, viscoso-pubescent, spreading. Petals with
the limb oblongo-spathulate and white, and with the claw pur-
ple. Disk ovato-subglobose, unilateral: thecaphorum elongated,
filiform; upwards of an inch in length, purple, subglabrous, with
a few minute capitate hairs near the base. Filaments f ths of
an inch in length, distinct, capillary, purple : anthers linear.
Ovary linear, terete, densely and minutely glanduloso-puberu-
lous : style scarcely any : stigma subcapitate. Silique terete,
3-4-inches in length, viscoso-puberulous with capitate hairs :
seed numerous, small, reniform.

This is a wild rank weed, common in waste places, having
neither beauty, nor any useful property to recommend it to our
notice.

K. ,'35

3. Cleome pungens. Thorny bastard Mustard.

Herbaceous prickly pubescenti-viscose, leaves 5-7-
foliate glabrous, floral leaves sessile cordate, silique
glabrous shorter than the thecaphorum.

H. B. Sf Kunth, Nov. Sp. V. 85.— C. spinosa, But. Mag. t.
1640.— C. pungens, De Cand. Prod. I. 239.

HA'8. Dry waste places.

!• I .. Throughout the year.

There is so little difference between this and the preceding,
that they may be regarded as varieties of the same species.

SECT. 2. Siliquaria.
Disk small. Thecaphorum short or none.

3. Cleome procumbens. Dwarf bastard Mustard.
Herbaceous glabrous procumbent, leaves simple

lanceolato-Iinear, floral leaves generally shorter than
the pedicels, siliques sessile terete subtorulose.

Sloane, I. t. 123 — Sinapis, Browne, 273. No. 2. — C. pro-
eumbens, Jacq. Amer. 189. t. 120. — Swartz, Obs. 253.

IIA.B. Common in dry pastures.

FJj. After the May and October rains.

Herbaceous, 2-6 inches in length, procumbent, glabrous,
branched. Leaves alternate, petiolate, lanceolate, acute, entire,
glabrous, 7—8 lines in length. Flowers axillary, solitary, pe-
dicelled, small, yellow : pedicels shorter than the leaves.
Sepals lanceolate, acute, spreading. Petals oblong, shortly
clawed, spreading, twice the length of the sepals. Stamens 6,
equal, of nearly the length of the petals. Ovary oblong, com-
pressed, acuminate : style short : stigma obtuse. Silique
terete, subtorulose : seeds many, subrotundo-reniform.

4. * Cleome polygama. Polygamous bastard Mus-

tard.

Herbaceous glabrous, leaves petiolate, the lower
ones simple, the rest 3-foliate, leaflets ovato-lanceolate
acuminate subserrulated, siliques subsessile terete gla-
brous.— De Cand.

Sloane, I. 194. t. 124. f. 1.— Browne, Jam.272.— lVilld. Sp.
III. 565.— H. B. et Kunth. Syn. III. 142.

11 AB. Dry situations. Old Harbour market place.

FL. Towards the end of the year.

Erect, smooth, sparingly branched. Leaves on long petioles.
Raceme long : the lower flowers fertile ; the upper ones barren.
Petals white. Stamens purple. Pod 3 inches long.

36 THALAMIFLOK^E.

5. * Cleome Houstonis. Houston's Cleome.
Herbaceous glanduloso-velutine, stipules and peti-
oles spinescent, leaves 3-5-foliate, floral leaflets ovali-
oblong, siliques shortly stalked glanduloso-velutine.

Brown, Hort. Kew. IV. 131.

III. CRATJEVA.

Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals 4 larger than the calyx.
Stamens 8-28. Disk elongated or hemispherical.
Berry stalked, thinly corticated, ovato-globose, pulpy
within.

Name, from Cratsevas, a Greek naturalist mentioned by Hip-
pocrates.

Unarmed shrubby trees with 3-foliate leaves.

1 . Crataeva gynandra. Gynandrom Garlic-Pear-
tree.

Stamens 20-24 inserted on a cylindrical disk longer
than the petals, berry ovoid, leaflets ovate acuminate.

Sloane, II. 170.— Browne, 246.—Swartz, Obs. 191.

HAB. Common in the plains.

FL. May.

A tree about 15 feet in height: branches terete, glabrous,
marked with small oblong rimose white spots. Leaves towards
the ends of the young branches, alternate, petiolate, 3-foliate ;
leaflets petiolulated, ovate, acuminate, (the lateral ones unequal
at the base), entire, glabrous, subcoriaceous, delicately nerved :
petiole terete. Inflorescence at first corymbose, but afterwards,
from the elongation of the peduncle, racemose : peduncle angu-
lose : pedicels an inch or more in length, received into a thick-
ened cup, furnished with a spathulato-lanceolate bractea. Flow-
ers numerous, rather large, purpurascent. Sepals of the calyx
4, ovate, with a tranverse corrugated excrescence internally at
the base, deciduous. Petals alternating with the sepals, 2,
rarely 4, unequal, clawed, spathulate, white, the longest about
| an inch in length. Stamens 20-24, an inch and a half in
length, capillary, purpurescent, inserted on the disk : anthers
linear: pollen yellow. Pistil in the barren flowers imperfect; ,
in the fertile conical, supported on a stipe which is at first short,
but afterwards becomes elongated as the fruit forms. Berry
size of a pigeon's egg, ovoid, 2-celled, many-seeded.

This is a very common tree in the plains. From its nause-
ous smell it has received the name of the Garlic- Pear-tree It
has a burning acrid taste, and the bark applied externally is said
to produce vesication.

CAPPAIUDt.E. 37

2. Crataeva tapia. Round fruited Garlic-Pear-tree.

Stamens 8-16 inserted on a cylindrical disk half
the length of the petals and of the thecaphorura,
berry globose, leaflets ovate acuminate unequal at the
base.

Plum. Gen. t. 21. — Pis. Bras. t. 69. — Malus Americanus
trifolia, fructu pomi aurantii instar colorato, Comm. /tort. I. 129.
t. 67.— De Cand. Prod. I. 243.

HAB. Spanish- Town road : Salt-ponds.

FL. May.

A tree about 20 feet in height. Leaflets broad-ovate, suba-
cuminate. Raceme terminal, at first corymbose. Peduncles
about 2 inches in length. Flowers purpurascent. Calycine
sepals spreading, deciduous. Petals 4, about an inch in length,
rounded at the apex, with the claw long. Stamens about 16,
declinate, about 3 times the length of the petals. Stipe of the
ovary length of the stamens: stigma sessile, capitate. Fruit
globose, size of a small orange.

IV. CAPPARIS. Caper-tree.

Calyx 4-partite. Petals 4. Disk small. Theca-
phorum slender. Stamens oc. Silique subbaccate,
stipitate. — De Cand.

Shrubs ; rarely trees. Leaves simple. With exception of
the common Caper-tree (CAPPAUIS SPINOSA), the buds and un-
ripe fruit of which are very much esteemed in Europe as a
pickle, no other of the species produces any thing, that man has
been capable of converting to satisfy his wants, or gratify his
appetites. — Name, from the Arabic Kabar, from which the
Greeks made

1. Capparis cynophallophora. Bottle-cod root.
Leaves glabrous coriaceous oblong shortly petiolated,
axillary glandule subglobose, peduncles few-flowered
shorter than the leaf, silique long terete fleshy.

Browne, 246. t. 27. f. l.—Jacq. Amer. 158. t. 98.

HAB. Common on the plains.

FL. After the rains, in May and October.

A tree-like shrub, about 8 feet in height : branches long,
virgate, flexuose, subterete, glabrous. Leaves alternate, sub-v
distichal, petiolate, oblong, obtuse, or slightly emarginate at
the apex, rounded at the base, glabrous, subcoriaceous : petiole
scarcely ^ an inch in length, terete, slightly channelled above.
Axillary glandule small, subrotund, distilling from a minute

83

38 THALAMIFLOIUE.

pore at the apex a pellucid clammy fluid. Peduncle axillary,
of the same length as the petiole, subtetragonal, purplish,
glanduliferous, few-flowered: pedicels articulated on the
peduncle, terete, green. Flowers showy, white, fragrant.
Sepals 4 ; the two outer the smallest ; all of them roundish-
concave, thickish, glabrous, during aestivation imbricated, with
a small glandule at the base of each. Petals thrice the length
of the sepals, obovate, rounded or emarginate at the apex, re-
flected, caducous. Stamens numerous, 2 inches in length,
capillary, white, caducous. Alibastrum globose. Thecaphorum
more than two inches in length, filiform, angulated, purple.
Ovary oblong : stigma sessile, excavated. Silique about 6
inches in length, terete, glabrous, torose where the seeds are
situated, fleshy, opening ere it quits its attachment to the
stem, by two valves, which are gradually rolled back from the
apex to the pedicel allowing the seeds successively to drop out :
seeds many, reniform, in two rows, imbedded in a scarlet fleshy

This tree, according to Jacquin, is known among the French
Creoles of Martinique, by the name of Pois MABOUIA, or
Devils bean. The root is large, yellow, fleshy, and the taste
strongly resembles that of the Horse-radish. An infusion of
it, has been recommended, as a specific in dropsy.

2. Capparis ferruginea. Ferruginous Caper-tree.
Leaves lanceolate acute petiolate subglabrous above
paler and stellato-tomentulose beneath as also the
branchlets, peduncles axillary racemose-corymbose,
stamens 8, berry subglobose.

C. octandra, Jacq. Am. 160. t. 100. — Browne, 247. t. 28. f. 1.
— C. ferruginea, Swartz, Obs. 208.

HAB. Common along the sea-coast.

PL. March— May.

A shrubby tree, about 12 feet in height ; branches compressed
at their extremities, lepidoto-tomentulose, rufescent. Leaves
petiolate, lanceolate, with the apex sharp, acute at the base,
entire, subglabrous above, paler and stellato-tomentulose be-
neath. Peduncles axillary, subterminal, shorter than the leaves,
incano-stellato-tomentulose, bearing several small white inodor-
ous flowers in a corymb-like raceme : pedicles two-thirds of an
inch in length, tomentulose. Sepals 4, deltoideo-laneeolate,
acute spreading persistent, each furnished at the base with an
erect tooth-like minutely puberulous viscid glandule. Petals
4, roundish, concave, slightly clawed, caducous. Stamens usually
8, erect, length of the corolla. Thecaphorum about one-third of
an inch in length, terete, stellato-tomentulose. Ovary spherical:
stigma st'ssik;. Fruit shortly stalked, subrotund, size of the

CAl'PAIUDE.K. 39

very largest pea, externally albido-farinose, 2-valved, dehis-
cent : seeds few, reniform, compressed, black.

Tlie nectar-like processes at the base of the calyx of this
species, correspond with the glandules or foveolce at base of the
sepals, in the third section (Cynophalla,') of this genus, as
arranged by De Candolle.

2. * Capparis Breynia. Long-podded Caper-shrub.

Leaves elliptic acuminate coriaceous petiolate gla-
brous above lepidose beneath as also the branchlets,
peduncles racemoso-corymbose, alibastrum 4-sided,
stamens 16, silique very long.

Jacq. Amer. 161. t. 103 — Swartz, Obs. 210.

HA.B- In thickets near the sea-shore.

FL. - ?

An erect shrubby tree, 10 feet in height, branches flexuose,
towards their extremities angulated, covered with minute
ferruginous scales. Leaves alternate, petiolate, elliptic, acute
or bluntish, very entire, glabrous and shining above covered
with minute ferruginous scales beneath. Inflorescence subter-
minal. Flowers rather large, white, agreeably fragrant. Sepals
4, during aestivation valvular, ovate, with the margins subrevo-
lute and somewhat prominent, with a small ovate glandule, alter-
nating with the petals, at the base of each. Petals 4, twice the
size of the sepals, tinged with purple, deciduous. Stamens
long, slightly villous with pale red hairs : anthers incurved,
yellow. Thecaphorum elongated. Silique about 9 inches in
length, terete, subtorulose, tomentose, dehiscent : seeds many
reniform.

According to some Botanists, this is considered as a variety
of the following species. I doubt if it be a native of this
island.

4. Capparis Jamaicensis. Jamaica Caper-shrub.

Leaves oblong emarginate coriaceous petiolate
glabrous and shining above cinereo-lepidose as also
the petioles beneath, racemes few-flowered, stamens

Jacq. Am. t. 101. '

HAB. Road from Spanish-Town to Old-Harbour.

FL. March — April.

A shrub, about 10 feet in height: branches terete, towards their
extremities angulose, ash-coloured, minutely lepidose. Leaves
petiolate, oblong, emarginate at the apex, acute at the base,
glabrous and shining above, cinereo-lepidose beneath : petioles

40 THALAM1FLOKJE.

cinereo-lepidose. Racemes axillary, and terminal, sub-simple,
few-flowered : flowers pedicelled, at first white, but afterwards
purple : pedicels tetragonal, lepidose. Calyx of 4 sepals, as in
C. Breynia. Petals oval, externally lepidose, about one-third
longer than the sepals. Stamens 20-22, with the filaments
villous at the base : anthers yellow. Thecaphorum an inch in
length. Ovary terete, lepidose.

5. Capparis torulosa. Torulose Caper-shrub.

Leaves ovato-lanceolate coriaceous petiolate smooth
above lepidose beneath as also the branchlets, pedun-
cles few-flowered racemoso-corymbose, stamens 28,
silique very long. — De Cand.

Swartz, Prod. 8L—FI. 2nd. Occ. 932.

HAB. Hilly Situations. Port-Royal mountains.

FL. August.

A shrub, 6-10 feet in height : branchlets angulose, lepidoto-
punctate, of a ferruginous colour. Leaves alternate, petiolate,
ovato-lanceolate, entire, smooth above, covered with minute
argenteo-ferruginous scales beneath. Flowers at the ends of
of the branchlets, about six together, corymbose, white, rather
large : peduncles tetragonal and sulcated, lepidose, generally
2-flowered. Calycine sepals ovate, acute, externally ferrugineo-
lepidose. Petals roundish-oval, slightly scaly externally; inter-
nally purple. Stamens 4 times the length of the petals : fila-
ments purple, hairy at the base : anthers yellow. Style long,
white: stigma truncated, lepidose. Silique 10-12 inches in
length, pedicelled, terete, subglabrous, torulose, 2-valved.

7. * Capparis longifblia. Long-leaved Caper-shrub.
Leaves linear acuminate shortly petiolate glabrous
above lepidose beneath as also the branchlets.

Pluk. Phytog. t. 327. f. 6.— Swartz, Prod. 81.

HAB. Common in situations where the C. CYNOPHAL-
LOPHORA grows.

FL. ?

I consider this to be merely the early barren shoots of the
C. CYNOPHALLOPHORA. It is very common along the sea-shore,
and I never have observed it in flower.

41

ORDER XIV.

Calycine sepals 4-7, either distinct or cohering at
the base, with the aestivation imbricated. Petals 5,
or none. Stamens indefinite, distinct, inserted on
the circumference of a hypogynous annular disk.
Ovary superior, sessile, 1 -celled : style 1, undivided
or 2-4-fid. Fruit capsular or berried, 1 -celled, many-
seeded. Seeds attached to parietal placentae, enve-
loped in pulp : embryo erect.

The Arnotta tribe is composed of trees or shrubs ; with
leaves simple, alternate, and entire ; stipules deciduous; pedun-
cles axillary, 1— x -flowered, and bracteolated. They are all
natives of the hotter parts of America, or of the Mauritius.
BJXA, is the only genus, possessing any remarkable properties.

I. BIXA. Arnotta.

Calycine sepals 5, orbiculate, deciduous. Petals
5, obovate. Stamens co , hypogynous, free : anthers
bilocular. Ovary one-celled : style 1, long, generally
ligulato-compressed at the apex. Capsule one-celled,
two-valved; valves externally setoso-hispid ; internally
with a linear placenta in the centre. Seeds 8-10 to
each placenta, covered with a coloured farinaceous
pulp.*

Low trees, indigenous to the warmer regions of America.
— Bixa is the name of the common species, on that continent.

1. Bixa orellana. Heart-leaved Arnotto.
Leaves on both sides glabrous.

Sloane, Hist. II. 52. t. 181. f. 2.—Jacq. Hort. Sch. IV. t. 483.
—Meyer, Primitive Fl. Esseq. 202.

HAB Banks of rivers.

FL. Autumn.

A low tree, handsome in its port, with large cordate acumin-
ate glabrous leaves. Flowers rather large, showy, rose-coloured,

* Albumen fleshy or very thin: embryo included, curved or nearly straight :
cotyledons fleshy : radicle turned to the hilum. — Gartn. dc Fntct. I. t. 61.

42 TH ALA Ml FLO U.K.

Calycine sepals ferruginous, pubescent, deciduous ; a tubercle
at the base of each sepal, persistent, large, roundish, coriaceous,
greenish. Petals larger than the sepals. Filaments numerous,
yellow at the base, purplish towards the apex. Ovary ovate,
covered with setules : style length of the stamens, incurvated
and compressed towards the stigma : stigma 2-lipped.

The variety of this species known as B. ALBA, has recently
been introduced, and is cultivated in some of our gardens. It
is distinguished by the leaves being more attenuated at the apex,
the flowers being nearly white, and the capsule more elongated.

It is from the pulp, which covers the seeds of this tree, that
the substance known by the names of Arnotta or Annotta in
England, and Roucou in France is procured. It is collected by
pouring boiling water, on the seeds, in any convenient vessel ;
after stirring the whole, the water, with the farina suspended in
it, is poured off; and this is repeated till the naked seeds are
left. The water, after allowing it to stand for some time, is
then to be poured off clear, leaving the Arnotta which has set-
tled at the bottom. The addition of an acid is said to hasten
the process. The sediment is afterwards to be placed in shal-
low vessels and dried by evaporation in the shade. When it
has acquired a proper consistence, it is to be made into cakes or
balls : after which it is to be thoroughly dried till hard, when it
is in a fit state to be sent to market.

Arnotto is of a resinous nature, and dissolves more completely
in alcohol than in water. When prepared for market, it is mo-
derately hard, of a brown colour externally, and dull red with-
in. It is occasionally imported in cakes of 2 or 3 pounds
weight, of the consistence of paste, wrapped up in large flag
leaves, and packed in casks. The roll Arnotto is much harder,
and of a very superior quality, containing a larger proportion
of the colouring matter. It was formerly employed, in dyeing
silk, to produce the colour called Aurora. As the addition of
an alkali increases its solubility, it is the practice, when used in
dyeing, to mix it with at least its own weight of potash. It is
now however but seldom employed as a dye in Great Britain.*
The Indians mix it with oil, or with lime-juice and a gum, to
make the crimson paint with which they anoint their bodies, not
so much for the purpose of ornament, as to protect them from
the attacks of insects. It is said to be esteemed by painters as a
colour. In Gloucestershire it is employed under the name of
cheese colouring, to give a yellowish-orange tint to cheese; and
in Holland, to butter. It has never had any great character
as a medicine. It is a gentle purgative, and a light stomachic :
it has been employed in dysentery, and as an antidote for the
bitter Cassada. The Spaniards use it in their chocolate and

* The liquid sold under the name of Scott's Nankin dye, is nothing but a
solution of Arnotto and potash in water.

BIXINI:.E. 43

soups, to heighten the flavour and to give a rich agreeable col-
our. In Jamaica, a liquid preparation is usually kept for culi-
nary purposes, made, by boiling the pulp, diffused in water,
with sugar and salt, to the consistence of cream, which, if put
into well-corked bottles, will keep for several years.*

The bark of the tree is well adapted for making cordage :
and pieces of the wood are employed by the Indians to procure
fire by friction.

II. L^TIA.

Calyx 5-partite, coloured, marescent. Petals 4-5
or none. Stamens indefinite in number, hypogynous :
anthers roundish. Style 1 : stigma capitate. Cap-
sule fleshy, 3-5 valved, globose, acuminated with the
style : seeds very many, with an arillated pulpy pelli-
cle.— De Cand.

Named in honour of John de Laet of Antwerp.

1 . * LaBtia ? Guidonia. Terminal-flowered Lcetia.

Flowers apetalous, peduncles terminal 1 -flowered,
leaves oblong acuminate pubescent. — De Cand.

Guidonia, Broivne, Jam. 249. t. 29. f. 4. — L. Guidonia,
Sirartz, Prod. 83. — Samyda icosandra, Fl. Ind. Occ. ejusd. 1962.

IIAB. Mountains near the sea, at the west end of the Island.
— Sw.

FL. ?

A tree, 15-20 feet in height. Leaves alternate, towards
the ends of the branches, oblong, acuminate, serrated, nerved,
pubescent : petiole terete. Peduncles terminal, several together,
an inch in length, one-flowered, pubescent. Squamules ovate,
ferruginous, hirsute, at the base of the peduncles. Flowers
white. Calycine sepals 5, rarely 4, concave, persistenti-mares-
cent. Petals 0. The stamens, according to Swartz, are 20 in
number, and are inserted on a very short cup-shaped nectary,
with twenty short truncated yellow bodies alternating with
them. Ovary subrotund, green, slightly villous : style very
short or 0 : stigma capitate. Capsule size of a nutmeg, fleshy,
subrotund, umbilicated with the persistent stigma, obtusely 3-
gonal, 1 -celled, 3-valved, many-seeded, green, pubescent : seeds
many, oblong, nestling in a pulpy arillus.

* The average importation of Arnotta into Great Britain, for five years,
terminating in 1833, was, 1,074 casks, each weighing from three to four and
a half cwt. — Vegetable Substances: Materials for Manufactures. Lond.
1833.

44 THALAMI FLORA;.

I have not yet had an opportunity of examining this plant.
According to the Hortus Jama'icensis, it is a fine timber-wood.

2. Lajtia Thamnia. Axillary -flowered LcBtia.

Flowers apetalous, peduncles axillary usually 3-
flowered subdivided, leaves ovato-oblong acuminate
obscurely crenulated shining.

Browne, Jam. 245. t. 25. f. 2 — Swartz, Prod. 83.— Fl. Ind.
Occ. 950.

HAB. Common in limestone districts. Lower hills of St
Andrew's, St David's, and Port- Royal.

FL. May— July.

A shrubby tree, about 8 feet in height : branches'subflexuose,
glabrous, towards their extremities compressed. Leaves alter-
nate, petiolate, oblong, acuminate with the apex obtuse, very
indistinctly crenulated, venose, glabrous, shining, " when held to
the light pertuse" (St0.~) : petiole short, terete, slightly chan-
nelled. Peduncles axillary, solitary, an inch in length, 3-cho-
tomously divided, bearing 3 pedicelled flowers. Flowers size
of those of the common myrtle, white with a tinge of rose-colour.
Sepals petaloid, roundish, concave, externally puberulous. Petals
0. Filaments many, subulate, erect, pubescent : anthers round-
ish, compressed, yellow. Disk villous. Ovary spherical, pen-
tagonal, incano-villous : style short, thick : stigma obtuse.
Capsule spherical, size of a lime, fleshy, cinereo-velutine, 1-cel-
led, 5-valved, many-seeded : valves fleshy, " in time revolute"
(Sw). Seeds arillated, attached to six prominent parietal lon-
gitudinal wedge-shaped purple flfcshy placentae.

A very common shrub. It is sometimes called Wattle-wood
by the Negroes, from their employing the long branches in
constructing their houses.

ORDER XVI. VIOLARIE^E

Sepals 5. Petals 5, hypogynous, equal or unequal,
with an obliquely convolute aestivation. Stamens 5,
alternate with the petals, occasionally opposite, in-
serted on a hypogynous disk : anthers 2-locular,
bursting inwards, either separate or cohering: fila-
ments dilated, elongated beyond the anthers. Ovary
1 -celled: style 1, usually declinate, with an oblique

VIOLAR1F.7E. 45

hooded stigma. Capsule 3-valved : placenta in the
axis. Seeds often with a swelling at the base : em-
bryo straight, erect, in the axis of the fleshy albumen.
— Lindl. abbr.

Very few of the Violet tribe are natives of tropical countries.
The roots of all the species, especially IONIDIUM IPECACUANHA,
I. INDECORUM, and I. POAYA, are more or less emetic. That of
I. PARVIFLORUM, found in the neighbourhood of Bogota, is said
to be a specific for Cocoe-bay, or the South American leprosy.
The common heart's ease, V. TRICOLOR, has become naturalized,
and grows wild in some parts of the mountains.

I. SAUVAGESIA.

Calycine sepals 5, with aestivation imbricated. Pe-
tals 5, equal, alternate with the sepals, hypogynous,
deciduous, with the estivation generally twisted ; a
filamentous crown situated before the petals, and ad-
nate to them at the base, with the filaments compos-
ing it cc, capillary, clavaBform at the apex. Stamens
5, fertile, opposite to the petals, alternating with 5
petaliform scales : filaments subulate : anthers adnate,
oblong, bursting with a double lateral slit towards the
apex. Ovary substipitate : style and stigma simple.
Capsule ovato-triquetrous, 1 -celled, 3-valved : seeds
minute.

Small herbaceous plants. — Named in honour of Jacques
Boissier de Sauvages, a French Botanist, author of a Flora of
Montpellier, and other works.

1. Sauvagesia erecta. Erect Sauvagesia.

Stem suberect or procumbent branched, leaves
ovato-lanceolate serrated, pedicels 1-2-3 axillary, se-
pals aristato-acuminate, petals obovate apiculated.

Browne, Jam. 179. t. 12. f. 2.—Jacq. Amer. 77. t. 51. f. 3.
— Aubl. GUI. II. 251. t. 100. f. 4.

HAB. On the North-side of the Island in damp elevated sit-
uations.

FL. Spring.

Root fibrous. Stem herbaceous, suberect, 6-9 inches in
height, branched. Leaves alternate, ovato-lanceolate, serrated,
glabrous, about an inch in length : petiole short. Stipules lan-
ceolate, aristato-acuminate, setoso-ciliated. Pedicels 1-3 to-

4() THAI. AMI FLORA".

gether, axillary, half the length of the leaf, erect during the
period of flowering, deflected when the fruit begins to form.
Flowers white.

This small plant is common in the mountain districts of
Portland. It is very mucilaginous, and the infusion has been
used in Brazil for complaints of the eye, in Peru for dysentery,
and, in some of the West India islands, for irritability of the
11 ii

bladder.

ORDER XVIII.— POLYGALE^E.

Calycine sepals 5, imbricated during aestivation ;
the two interior sepals generally petaliform, the three
exterior smaller. Petals 3-4, hypogynous, more or
less connected with the tube of the stamens, rarely
distinct. Filaments united to the petals, monadel-
phous, divided at the apex into two opposite phalan-
ges : anthers 8, unilocular, inserted at the base, dehis-
cent at the apex by means of pores. Ovary 1, free,
bilocular, rarely uni- or tri-locular : style 1, incurved :
stigma infundibuliform or 2-lobed. Pericarp capsu-
lar or drupaceous, bilocular, or by abortion unilocular,
the valves giving off the septum from the middle :
seeds solitary, pendulous, frequently carunculato-a-
rillated at the base, sometimes pilose or comose : em-
bryo straight, plane ; in some, central in a fleshy al-
bumen ; in others (more rarely) exalbuminose.

Herbaceous or shrubby plants : leaves in many alternate, ar-
ticulated on the stem, entire : flowers racemose. The bark
and root are bitter, and the latter yields a milky juice. That
of the KRAMERIA TRIANDRA, known by the name of rattany or
ratanhia root, is employed to adulterate Port wine, and is
largely imported into England from Chili and Peru for that
purpose. The root of the POLYGALA SENEGA, under the name
of Virginian sna/te-root has long been esteemed as a remedy
in many diseases. The Yallhoy of Peru (the bark of the
MONNINA POLYSTACHYA) is said to be useful in dysentery. The
plants belonging to the Milkwort tribe are in general interest-
ing from their beauty; and those, which are natives of this
Island, are by no means exceptions.

47

I. POLYGALA. Milkwort.

Calycine sepals 5, persistent ; the two inner wing-
shaped. Petals 3-5, connected with the tube of the
stamens ; the lowest one keel-shaped. Capsule com-
pressed, elliptic, obovate or obcordate. Seeds pubes-
cent : hilum carunculated, destitute of a tuft De

Cand. abbr.

Name, from ffo/.u much, and ya\a milk ; from the ancients,
according to Dioscorides, having an idea, that the common
milkwort had the property of exciting the secretion of milk.

1. Polygala paniculata. Panicled Milkwort.

Racemes subspiked rather lax elongated peduncled,
wings ovali-oblong scarcely longer than the capsule,
leaves sparse linear acute, stem erect very much
branched.

Swartz, Obs. 272. t. 6. f. 2.— Browne, 287.

HAD. Common in mountain pastures.

FL. The cooler months of the year.

Herbaceous, erect, 8—12 inches in height, terete, to the
glass puberulous with most minute capitate hairs : branches
numerous, subdivided, leafy. Leaves scattered, subpetiolate,
an inch in length, lineari-lanceolate, acute, subentire, glabrous,
to the glass punctulated. Racemes subterminal, erect, many
flowered, 3-4 inches long : peduncle angulose, to the glass
puberulous with capitate hairs. Flowers purple, on short te-
rete purplish pedicels, nodding. Sepals 5 ; the 3 outer ones
small, greenish with a purple tinge : the 2 inner oblong, white.
Petals 3 ; the inferior petal greenish, clawed, truncated and
multifido-cristate, with 10 long subulate spreading, at first pur-
ple, afterwards white teeth, at the apex. Stamens 8 : filaments
short, tnpnadelphous at the base, accrete to the wings : anthers
small, globose, yellow. Ovary compressed, obcordate ; style
erect, thickened and incurved towards the stigma, which is 2-
lipped. Capsule oblong, emarginate at both ends, compressed,
2-celled, opening at the sides, 2-seeded : seeds oblong, brown,
hairy, to the glass echinated.

An interesting and beautiful inhabitant of our mountain pas-
tures. Its properties are said to be sudorific and diuretic, and
it may be administered in decoction or infusion.

2. Polygala mucronata, Yellow-flowered Milk-wort.
Flowers beardless, racemes terminal, leaves lanceo-

48 THALAMIFLOItJE.

late mucronate pubescent beneath, stem subsimple
pubescent.

HAB. Little-Hope Pastures, St Andrew's.

FL. August — September.

Root fibrous. Stem herbaceous, about 8 inches in height,
erect, terete, striated, pubescent, scarcely branched. Leaves
alternate, petiolate, lineari-lanceolate, mucronate, entire,
puberulous above, pubescent beneath. Raceme terminal, length
of the leaves : peduncle angulose, puberulous. Flowers co , of
a pale yellow with a tinge of purple, shortly pedicelled. Caly •
cine sepals externally puberulous ; the upper sepal lanceolate ;
the two lower ones cohering for half their length ; the two
lateral ones lato-falciform, veined, marked with a white mem-
branaceous spot, persistent. Inferior petal concave at the apex,
beardless to the glass ; lateral petals expanded at the apex.
Stamens submonadelphous : filaments white ; anthers yellow.
Capsule 2-celled, 2-seeded, compressed, emarginate, smooth,
partly covered with the persistent lateral sepals: seeds oblong,
pubescent, with the hilum prominent and carunculated.

This plant is decidedly an annual. It may therefore be
different from the P. mucronata of Willdenow, III. 888. which
is described as shrubby. It is an obscure unattractive plant,
which may account for its having hitherto escaped notice as a
native of this Island.

II. BADIERA.

Calycine sepals 5, deciduous, subequal. Petals 3,
slightly united at the base, with the middle one con-
cave and beardless. Stamens 8, monadelphous.
Capsule compressed, obcordate, bilocular, sulcated at
the margin. Seeds glabrous with a large oily arillus
filling the upper part of the Jocule De Cand.

American suffruticose plants.

1. Badiera diversifblia. Smooth-leaved Badiera.

Racemes short axillary, leaves ovali-oblong acu-
minate at both ends.

Polygaladiversifolia, Linn. Am. II. 140 Browne, Jam.i. 5.

f. 3. 4.

HAB. Road from Flamstead to Mt Henry, Port-Royal.
Opposite Prospect-hill, St. Andrew's. St Thomas in the Vale.

FL. November — January.

A tree about 15 feet in height: branches terete, towards
their extremities puberulous. Leaves two inches long, and

POLYGALEJE. 4<)

scarcely more than half an inch in breadth, alternate, petiolate,
ovato-lanceolate, acuminate with the apex blunt, acute at the
base, entire, coriaceous, glabrous, shining, nerveless: petiole
short, puberulous. Racemes axillary, solitary : peduncle shorter
than the petiole : flowers rather small, white, shortly pedicelled.
Calycine sepals 5, imbricated during sestivation, unequal, united
at the base : the 3 outer sepals small, ovate, acute ; the 2 inner
larger, orbiculate, concave. The two upper petals pubescent,
ciliated ; the lower one concave at the apex, ciliated, green.
Stamens monadelphous : anthers white. Ovary stipitate, orbicu-
late, compressed, slightly puberulous : style erect : stigma blunt.
Capsule obcordate, glabrous, 2-seeded ; seed oval, arillated.

III. SECURIDACA.

Calycine sepals 5, with the 2 inner ones petaliform.
Petals 5, slightly connected at the base ; 3 of them
united into a 3-lobed keel ; the other 2 oblong. Sta-
mens 8, diadelphous. Capsule ovate, indehiscent,
one-celled, expanded at the apex into a leaf-like wing.
Seed pendulous from the apex of the cell : albumen
none. — De Cand.

Suffruticose plants, with alternate leaves, of an ovate or ob-
long figure, and with the flowers racemose. — Name, derived
from the Latin, SECURIS a hatchet, in allusion to the form of
the pod.

1 . Securidaca virgata. Purple Securidaca.
Glabrous, stem sarmentose, branches virgate, leaves
elliptic rounded at the apex subacute at the base, ra-
cemes terminal, wing of the capsule rounded.

Su-artz, Fl. Ind. Occ. III. 123l.—J3rowne, 287 — Plum. t.
248. f. 1.

HAB. Common.

FL. November — February.

Ascending to a considerable height, supporting itself on
neighbouring trees and shrubs : branches alternate, divaricating,
long and twiggy, terete, glabrous. Leaves l|-2 inches in
length, elliptic, very obtuse at the apex, subacute at the base,
occasionally subemarginate, concave beneath, puberulous to the
glass on both sides, obscurely nerved : petiole about 3 lines in
length, and, like the extremities of the branches, puberulous.
Racemes terminal, subdivided : branches distichally arranged,
subsimple, many-flowered : pedicels nearly an inch in length,
filiform, coloured, puberulous, 1 -flowered, articulated on a pro-
minent excavated tubercle on the common peduncle. Flowers

VOL. r. E

purple, variegated with yellow, very showy. The 3 outer
sepals small, roundish, concave, coloured, externally puberulous :
the 2 inner petaloid, forming the most showy part of the flower,
clawed, obcordate. The 3 lower petals united into a 3-6d keel,
with the central lobe the smallest, ciliated, variegated with yel-
low: the two upper petals, small, oblong, gibbous at the base,
obtuse at the apex, yellow. Stamens 8, monadelpbous, with a
fissure in the tube opposite to the standard, and villoso-ciliated
along its margin : anthers small. Ovary roundish, compressed,
gibbous and sericeo-puberulous on one side : style length of
the stamens, thick, curved : stigma compressed, sub-bilobed.
Capsule 1 -seeded.

This is a very beautiful shrub. Swartz states that the
flowers have the smell of the sweet violet, VIOLA ODORATA.

ORDER XXII. CARYOPHYLLE.E.

Calycine sepals 4 or (more frequently) 5, free or
united into a 4-5 toothed tube. Petals correspond-
ing in number, inserted on a hypogynous disk, alter-
nating with the sepals, clawed, with the limb entire or
bifid, seldom awanting. Stamens 2CC the number of
the petals, inserted on the disk ; one half of them al-
ternating with the petals and more precocious ; the
other half opposite and coalescing with them at the
base : filaments subulate, in some species submona-
delphous: anthers bilocular, bi-rimose. Ovary in-
serted on the summit of the disk, 2-5 valved, with a
corresponding number of styles : styles clavate, dis-
tinct from the base, stigmatose and papillose on the
inner surface. Capsule 2-5 valved, united at the
base, dehiscent at the apex. Seeds co (very seldom
few or defined in number) : albumen farinose : em-
bryo in general peripheral, more or less incurved, very
rarely straight or central : radicle turned towards the
hilum.

The plants belonging to this tribe are herbaceous or suffrn-
ticose : stems nodose : leaves uniformly opposite, often connate,
entire : flowers terminal.

CARYOPHYLI.EA\ 51

I. SILEXE. Catch-fy.

Calyx tubular, often ventricose, 5-toothed. Petals
.5, clawed, mostly crowned at the mouth, with the
limb generally notched or bifid. Capsule 3-celled,
6-toothed, many seeded. — Hooker.

Name, supposed to be derived from ova/.ov saliva, in allusion
to the vivid moisture on the stalks of many of the species :
hence also the English appellation of Catch-fly.

1. Silene quinquevulnera. Variegated Catch-fly.

Pubescent, stem ramose, leaves lanceolate, the
lower ones obtuse, spike secund, calyx very villous
beaked with short teeth, border of the petals subro-
tund, appendices bicuspidate — De Cand.

Smith, Engl. Bot. t. 86 De Cand. Prod. I. 372.

HAB. Neighbourhood of Clifton-Mount.
. July.

The peculiarities of this plant, as naturalized in this climate,
are, that the petals are not unfrequently 4 in number, and the
pubescence nearly approaches to villosity. It is very common
in the neighbourhood of St Catherine's Peak, growing along the
sides of the roads. It has, I have no doubt, escaped from the
garden established, many years ago, by the late Mr Matthew
W alien at Coldspring. This plant is a native of Spain and
France, and is to be found in two situations in England. It is
frequently cultivated in the gardens of Europe. It derives its
Latin specific name, from the deep red spot on each of the pe>
tals, resembling a drop of blood.

II. MOLLUGO.

Calyx .5 -partite. Petals 0. Stamens 3-5. Styles
3. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled, many-seeded. — De
Cand.

Herbaceous. plan ts ; leaves whorled, nearly opposite. Flow-
ers solitary, or two together, or umbellated. — MOLLUGO, was
the name given to a plant, which bears some resemblance to the
followin'g species, in its whorled leaves and inconspicuous ap-
pearance.

1. Mollugo verticillata. Whorled African Chick-
weed.

Leaves whorled unequal lineari-lanceolate or obo-

52 THALAMIFLORJE.

vato-wedgeshaped apiculated, stem procumbent dicho-
tomous, peduncles 1 -flowered.

Roem. et Schult. Syst. II. 87l.—Pluk. Phyt. IV. t. 332. f. 5.

HAB. Dry sandy situations.

FL. After rains.

Stem procumbent, terete, glabrous, jointed. Leaves 6-7
in a whorl, subsessile ; the larger leaves lineari-lanceolate ; the
smaller obovato-cuneate, glabrous. Pedicels 4-5 together,
axillary, 1-flowered, scarcely the length of the leaf. Calyx ex-
ternally green ; internally white ; sepals oval, 3- nerved. Sta-
mens 3, shorter than the sepals, appressed to the ovary :
anthers white. Ovary globose, 3-grooved, yellow: styles 3,
spreading. Capsule ovate, 3-celled : seeds subreniform, purple.

2. Mollugo bellidifolia. Daisy-leaved Chickweed.

Stem somewhat erect leafless, leaves radical ovato-
spathulate attenuated at the base to form the petiole,
flowers panicled. — De Cand.

Pharnaceum spathulatum, Swartz, FL Ind. Occ. I. 568. —
Plum. Amer. t. 21. f. 1.— Sloane, I. t. 129. f. 2.

HAB. Sandy soils.

FL. After rains.

Leaves radical, entire, glabrous, decurrent on each side along
the petiole. Peduncles several from the same root, filiform,
dividing above the middle ; branches subdivided, at length ca-
pillary. Flowers minute, whitish. Calycine divisions green
and 3-nerved externally, white internally. Stamens 5, length
of the calyx, contiguous to the ovary: anthers white. Ovary
subglobose, obtusely 3-gonal : styles 3 : stigmata acute. Cap-
sule ovate : seeds 5-6 in each cell, compresso-spherical, min-
utely granulose and marked with lines.

III. DRYMARIA. West India Chickweed.

Calyx 5-partite. Petals 5, bifid. Stamens 2-3-5.
Styles 3. Capsule 3-valved to the base, 5-co seeded.
Embryo in the periphery, subannular. — De Cand.

1. Drymaria diandra. Small-leaved Chickweed.

Stem and branches minutely puberulous with capi-
tato-glandulose viscid hairs, leaves subrotund apiculato-
mucronate, flowers diandrous, capsule 5-seeded.

Holosteum diandrum, Swartz, Prod. 27. t. 7. — Fl. Ind. Occ.
221 — Roem. et Schult. II. 857 — Drymaria diandra, De Cand.
Prod. I. 393.

CAKYOI'HYLLEJE. 53

P. Common in dry stony places : on walls.

FL. Throughout the year.

Roots fibrous. Stem branching at the root : branches pro
cumbent, afterwards ascending, dichotomously subdivided, 4-ago-
nal, puberulous with glanduloso-capitate hairs. Leaves oppo-
site, shortly petiolate, subrotund, apiculated, subentire, 3-nerved,
delicately reticulato-venose, minutely puberulous to the glass.
Stipules multifido-ciliated. Flower-branchlets bifurcating with
the leaf-bearing branches : common peduncle usually about 3
inches long, bifurcating, viscid with capitato-glandulose hairs :
a pair of small lanceolate bracteas at the divisions of the panicle.
Flowers small, shortly pedicelled. Sepals 5, lanceolate, acute.
Petals rather shorter than the sepals, deeply bipartite. Sta-
mens 2, incumbent. Ovary globose : styles 3, short, patent.
Capsule ovate, 3-gonal, 3-valved to the base, 1 -celled, 5-seeded :
seeds annuloso-reniform, minutely and closely granulose : em-
bryo peripheral.

2. Drymaria cordata. Heart-leaved Drymaria.

Stem and leaves glabrous subrotund apiculated ob-
soletely cordate at the base, peduncles elongated dicho-
tomously subdivided many-flowered, calyx glabrous
longer than the petals, ovaries 7-10-seeded.

Sloane, I. 203 Browne, 139 Holosteum cordatum, Lam-

111. t. 51. f. 2.— Drymaria cordata, De Cand. Prod. I. 3U5.—
H. B. et Kunth, VI. 23.

HAB. Rocky places in the mountains.

FL. Throughout the year.

Herbaceous, at the base procumbent, afterwards ascending
dichotomously branched, terete, glabrous. Leaves 3-nerved.
Stipules lacinulato-fimbriated. Peduncle axillary, elongated,
dichotomously subdivided, with a pair of small lanceolate brac-
teas at the divisions : pedicels short, 1-flowered, covered with a
minute snow-white pubescence. Flowers small collected at the
ends of the branchlets of the panicle. Sepals 5, lanceolate.
Petals shorter than the sepals, bipartite nearly to the base.
Stamens 3- rarely 4, shorter than the petals : anthers bi-cor
puscular, inserted on opposite sides of the extremity of the fila-
ment. Ovary globose, 3-gonal : styles 3, rather short, spread-
ing. Capsule oval, 3-gonal, 3-valved to the base, 1 -celled, 8-
seeded : seeds subreniform, minutely granulose under the glass.

This species differs from the preceding, in the leaves being
larger and more succulent, perfectly glabrous, and prominently
3-nerved, and the flower-stalks being free of any viscid pubes-
cence. It is only found in mountain districts.

54 THALAMIFLOKJfi.

IV. STELLARIA. Stitchwort.

Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, deeply cloven.
Stamens 10, or by abortion 3-5-8. Styles 3. Cap-
sule 1 -celled, 6-valved at the apex, OD -seeded.

Name, from STELLA a star ; because the petals are spread
out in a stellated manner.

1. Stellaria media. Common Chickweed.

Leaves ovate or in a few lanceolato-ovate and
attenuated at the base, stems procumbent with an
alternate line of hairs on one side, stamens 5-10,
capsules deeply 6-valved. ,

Engl. Bot. t. 537.— Hooker, Fl. Scot. I. 135.

HAB. Roadsides and Coffee-pieces in St Andrew's and
Port-Royal mountains.

FL. Throughout the year.

Branching near the root : branches procumbent, tetragonal,
with an alternate line of hairs on one of the sides. Leaves
mucronate at the apex, entire, ciliated especially near the base,
tender. Peduncles axillary or interpetiolary, solitary, 1 -flowered,
hairy, about an inch long. Sepals persistent, externally hairy.
Petals deciduous, shorter than the sepals. Stamens 5, shorter
than the petals, inserted on a small greenish glandule : anthers
purple.

This plant is originally a native of Europe. It is said, never
to be found, except in rich friable soils in a state of culture.
It is a good pot-herb, and the seeds and flower-buds are, in
Europe, favourite food of finches and other small birds.

V. AR EN ARIA. Sandwort.

Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 10,
or fewer by abortion. Styles 3. Capsule 1 -celled,
6-3-valved at the apex, oo-seeded. — De Cand.

Name, from ARENA sand: the greater number of the species
growing in sandy situations.

1 . Arenaria diffusa. Spreading Sandwort.
Stem elongated branched procumbent, leaves sub-
sessile broad-lanceolate acute puberulous, petals of
nearly the same length but broader than the sepals.

NAB. Common in the St Andrew's, Port- Royal, and St
David's mountains.

CAKYOl'HYl.LE/K. 55

FL. Throughout the year.

Stem herbaceous, slender, filiform, one to several feet in
length, dichotomously branched, procumbent, pubescent with
dense curled short hairs. Leaves opposite, broad lanceolate,
attenuated at the base (so as to render the leaf subsessile,)
mucronate, entire, minutely puberulous. Peduncle axillary,
solitary, l-flo\vered, longer than the leaf, filiform, puberulous.
Sepals green, membranaceo-margined, lanceolate, externally to
the glass puberulous. Petals 5, of the same length as, but
somewhat broader, than the sepals, oblong. Stamens 10, length
of the petals, hypogynous : anthers globose, white. Ovary
spherical : styles 8, spreading : stigmata puberulo-papillose.
Capsule 1- celled, 6-valved at the apex : seeds numerous, com-
pressed.

This is a very common plant in the above localities, and is to
be found on every bank. It is remarkable that it should have
hitherto escaped notice in this Island. It appears, if I may
judge from specimens in Sir William Hooker's Herbarium, to
be also a native of North America, having been noticed by
Elliot, in his Flora of South Carolina and Georgia, and collected
by Drumrnond in the neighbourhood of New Orleans. It is
singular that I should have given ten years ago the same spe-
cific designation, which I now find it bears in the work of Mr
Elliot.

VI. Cerastium. Mouse-eared Ckickweed.

Calyx 5-partite. Petals 5, bifid. Stamens 10.
Styles 5. Capsule 1 -celled, cylindrical or globose,
dehiscent at the apex with 10 teeth.

Name, x^ot,; a horn, from the capsules of many of the species
being long and curved.

1. Cerastium spathulatum. Spathulate-leaved Chick-
weed.

Stem subsimple slightly villous, leaves hairy, the
lower ones obovato-spathulate petiolate, those of the
stem subovate, flowers glomerate.

Bertero, De Cand. Prod. I. 416.

HAB. Neighbourhood of St Catherine's Peak.

FL. Warmer months.

Root fibrous. Stem herbaceous, occasionally simple, at
other times branched, somewhat decumbent at the base, slightly
compressed, purpurascent. Leaves opposite : lower ones
spathulate, rounded and retuse at the apex, entire, hairy ; the
upper ones sessile, ovate, blunt rounded at the base, hairy, par-

56 THALAMIFLOR./E.

allelly and longitudinally (8.) nerved. Inflorescence terminal,
of two umbellets, with a solitary pedicelled flower at their divi-
sion: peduncle terete, pubescent with capitato-glandulose hairs:
umbellet of 3-5 shortly pedicelled white flowers : bractese ovato-
lanceolate, leaflike. Sepals 5, lanceolate, membranaceo-margined,
externally pubescent with capitato-glandulose hairs. Petals
shorter than the sepals, deeply bipartite. Stamens 10, of
which 5 are shorter than the other half: filaments delicately
capillary: anthers compressed, yellow. Ovary spherical, sub-3-
gonal : styles 3, longer than the stamens, spreading : stigmata
piiberulo-papillose. Capsule longer than the calyx, opening
with 10 fine teeth : seeds oo, slightly compressed, granulato-
papillose.

ORDER XXIV. MALVACEAE.

Calycine sepals 5, rarely 3-4, more or less united
at the base, with a valvular aestivation, in many fur-
nished externally with bracteolated leaves constituting
an outer calyx or involucre. Petals of the same
number as the sepals, hypogynous, with a spirally
twisted aestivation, either distinct, or more frequently
adnate to the base of the tube of the stamens. Sta-
mens of the same number as, or frequently many
times the number of the petals, hypogynous: filaments
monadelphous, unequal in length : anthers 1-celled,
reniform, dehiscent by a transverse slit. Ovary
formed by the union of several carpels round a com-
mon axis, either distinct or coherent : styles and
stigmata the same in number as the carpels. Carpels
1-2-seeded or polyspermous, sometimes united in
one, or separate, or separable : dehiscence loculicidal
or septicidal : seeds somewhat hairy: albumen none,
or in small quantity : embryo curved, with twisted
or double cotyledons.

Herbaceous plants, shrubs, or trees : leaves alternate, more
or less divided, stipulated : hairs stellated : peduncles usually
axillary.

The Mallow Tribe are principally inhabitants of tropical re-

MALVACEAE. 57

gions. They abound in mucilage, and are destitute of any un-
wholesome properties. The fibres of the bark of many of the
species, are so tenacious, as to be capable of being manufactured
into very good cordage.

I. MALVA. Mallow.

Calyx surrounded by an involucre of 3-, rarely 5-6,
oblong or setaceous bracteoles. Carpels capsular, nu-
merous, circularly arranged, 1-seeded.

Plants belonging to this genus abound in a mucilaginous
juice. — Name, derived by the Latins from /z.aXax.»j soft, in allu-
sion to the emollient nature of the species.

1. Malva tricuspidata. West India Mallow.

Leaves ovate or ovato-oblong serrated, flowers
axillary solitary crowded with the leaves at the ends
of the branches in a spike-like manner, carpels 3-cus-
pidate 1-seeded.

M. Americana, Cav. diss. II. t. 22. f. 2 — M. Coromandeli-
ana, Stvartz, Obs. 262. — Willd. Sp. III. 776.— Sida Jamaiicen-
sis, Miller, Diet.

HAE. Common.

J J . Throughout the year.

Suffruticose, about a foot in height : branches hirsute with
appressed hairs, compressed especially towards the ex-
tremities. Leaves alternate, petiolate, ovate or oblongo-ovate,
acute, coarsely serrated, entire towards the base, sparingly
hirsute, penni-nerved : petiole terete, hirsute, nearly an inch in
length. Stipules half the length of the petiole, lanceolate, cili-
ated. Peduncles half the length of the stipules, axillary, sub-
solitary, being accompanied by a short leafy flowering branchlet,
crowded at the ends of the branches in a spike-like manner, but
with a leaf (sometimes only imperfectly developed) below each.
Leaflets of the involucre 3, lanceolate, length of the calyx :
calyx 5- partite, ciliated. Petals obliquely truncated. Column
of the stamens glabrous : filaments, where free, twisted and in-
terlaced. Styles 10, reflected below the anthers: stigmata ca-
pitate, papillose. Carpels 10-12, with an apicula at the inner
angle, and two spreading horn-like apieulae at the outer : seeds
reniform.

According to former authors, the flowers are crowded in the
axils of the leaves ; whereas the flowers are axillary solitary
and crowded with the leaves, into a spike-like form. — This
species, like its cogeners, abounds in a mucilaginous juice, and
is employed by the Negro women, as a substitute for soap, in

5H TH ALA Ml FLORAE.

washing Osnaburgs and other coarse cloths. An infusion of
leaves Is employed as a wash for the hair, giving it a glossy
appearance, as if from oil.

2. Malva spicata. Spike-flowered Mallow.
Leaves ovate or subcordate scabrous above stellato-
tomentose beneath, flowers in an ovate or oblong
spike, carpels 14 glabrous awnless 1 -seeded.

Sloane, I. 219. t. 137 Browne, 282.— Cav. diss. II. t. 20.

f. 4.— De Cand. Prod. I. 430.

HAB. Common.

FL. After the autumnal rains.

Stem 2-3 feet in height, suffruticose, branched, incano-
tomentose with stellated hairs. The larger leares subcordate ;
the smaller ones ovate, serrated. Spikes axillary and terminal,
at first ovate, afterwards oblong. Flowers subsessile, of an
orange colour, with two small linear hairy bracteoles at their
base. Leaflets of the involucellum 3, lanceolate, attenuated,
tomentose, length of the calyx. Calyx acutely 5-fid to the mid-
dle, hirsute, intermixed with a stellated pubescence. Petals
spreading, unequally obcordate. Column of the filaments stel-
lato-puberulous. Ovary orbiculate, depressed in the centre:
styles 10, cohering at the base, spreading towards the apex :
stigmata obtuse. Carpels 12-14-15, glabrous.

By no means an attractive plant. Common by the roadsides,
and in waste places.

3. Malva prostrata. Spreading Mallow.

Leaves palmato-5-lobed inciso-dentate, pedicels so-
litary longer than the petiole, fruit glabrous, petals
entire, carpels bivalve 2-seeded. — De Cand.

.Cav. diss. II. t. 16. f. 3. — De Cand. Prod. I. 436 Dot.

Mag. 2515.

HAB. Near Clifton-mount.
FL. Autumn.

II. MALACHRA.

General involucre 3-5 leaved surrounding a head
of flowers. Calyx surrounded by its proper involu-
cellum, 8-12 leaved; leaflets linear or setifonn.
Carpels 5, disposed in a circle, 1 -seeded De Cand.

Name, applied by Pliny to a tree in Persia, producing a gum,
but which has no connection with any of the species compre-
hended in this genus.

MALVACE/E. 59

1. Malachra capitatu. Hirsute Malachra.

Leaves subrotimd cordate obsoletely lobed toothed,
peduncle axillary short bearing 7 flowers within a 3-
leaved involucre, stem hirsute.

Malva aspera major aquatica, Sloane, I. 217, t. 147. f. 1.

HAB. Bath, St Thomas in the East. Ferry road. Sea-side
at Rockfort.

FL. End of the year.

Stem 3-5 feet in height, erect, branched, terete, hirsute
with strigoso-spinescent hairs, with a tomentose line passing
upwards from the axil of each leaf. Leaves subrotund, cordate,
obsoletely lobed, acute at the apex as also the lobes, irregularly
toothed, 5-nerved, hirsute, and also stellato-pubescent especially
along the under surface of the nerves : petiole compressed, hir-
sute, with a line of tomentose hairs along the upper surface.
Stipules ^-1 inch long, setaceous, hirsute. Peduncles axillary,
1—3 together, not so long as the petiole, each bearing 7 flowers
in a head. Involucre 3-leaved ; leaves petioled, cordate, acu-
minate, entire, nerved, hirsute ; each of them furnished at the
petiole with a pair of linear strigose inch-long leaflets. Flowers
yellow, subsessile. Calyx 5-fid ; segments lanceolate, 3-nerved,
ciliated. -Petals 5, nearly 2ce the length of the calyx, wedge-
shaped at the base, rounded at the apex, ciliated, veined. Co-
lumn of stamens hirsute : anthers :c . Style 10-fid, recurved.
Carpels 5, united to form an orbicular depressed capsule, gla-
brous, scrobiculate : seeds one in each carpel.

A coarse weed. Shuts its flowers at mid-day. The hairs
stiff and somewhat stinging.

III. URENA.

Calyx surrounded by a 5-fid involucellum (5 leaf-
lets united for half their length). Anthers at the
apex of the tube of the stamens. Carpels capsular,
.5, connivent, 1 -seeded, generally echinated externally
with prickles radiating at their apex. — De Cand.

Leaves usually glandulose on the under surface. — Name,
from the word common in Malabar to designate this genus.

1. Urena reticulata. Reticulated Urena.

Lower leaves roundish sub-3-lobate cordate, the
upper ones ovate, angulated irregularly serrated his-
pid above stellato-hirsute reticulated and uniglandu-
lose beneath, involucellum 5-7-fid somewhat longer
than the calyx.

60 THALAMIFJLOHJE.

Cav. diss. VI. 334. t. 183. f. l.—De Cand. Prod. I. 441.

HAB. Common in mountain pastures.

FL. Throughout the year.

Suffruticose : branches terete, coloured, stellato-hirsute.
Leaves alternate, petiolate, incanescent beneath, 7 -nerved with
a minute glandule like a slit, near the base of the under surface
of the mid-rib: petiole length of the leaf, terete. Stipules
linear, ciliated, deciduous. Flowers on a short peduncle, axil-
lary, subsolitary, pink- coloured, rather large and showy. In-
volucellum 5-7-fid : divisions lanceolate, obtuse, stellato-his-
pid, persistent. Calyx 5-fid ; divisions ovate, acuminate, cili-
ated. Petals oblong, rounded at the apex, cohering at the base
to the tube of the filaments. Column of the filaments coloured :
anthers shortly pedicelled : pollenary globules to the glass mi-
nutely echinato-puberulous, purpurascent. Ovary depressed,
hirsute: style 10-fid with the divisions puberulous with capi-
tate hairs: stigmata 10, crimson, puberulous. Carpels 5, form-
ing an orbicular depressed capsule, stellate-hispid, armed with
prickles radiating at the apex with reflected hairs : seeds soli-
tary.

Some of the echinated globules of pollen are usually to be
found entangled in the hairs of the stigmata.

2. Urena Swartzii. Swartz's Urena.

Leaves 3-5-lobate pubescent hoary beneath 5-ner-
ved with 3 of the nerves glandulose on the under
surface, lobes dentato-sinuated obtuse, capsule echin-
ated.

U. sinuata, Swartz, Obs. 264. — U. Swartzii, De Cand. Prod,
I. 442.

HAB- Common in moist pastures.

FL. December, January.

Suffruticose, a foot or more in height, with branches terete,
stellato-hispid, tomentulose. Leaves alternate, subcordate,
3-5-lobed, with the lobes dentato-sinuated, hirsute, somewhat
hoary beneath, 5-nerved, with 3 of the nerves glandulose near
the base on the under surface : petioles longer than the leaf,
terete, hispid. Peduncles axillary, subsolitary, short, 1-flow-
ered. Involucellum 5-partite : divisions lineari-lanceolate.
Calyx 5-partite : divisions broad lanceolate, of the same length
as those of the involucellum. Petals pink-coloured stained with
purple. Column of the stamens half the length of the petals,
slightly declinate : anthers 10 ; pollen diaphanous, purpurascent,
hispidulous. Styles 10, longer than the stamens and bent over
them : stigmata obtuse, puberulous. Carpels 5, echinated with
herbaceous prickles armed at the apex with minute radiating
reverted setae : seed solitary, subreniform, 3-gonal.

MALVACEAE. 61

IV. PAVOXIA.

Calyx surrounded by a 5-15-leaved involucellum.
Stigma 10. Carpels 5, capsular, bivalved, 1 -seeded.
— De Cand.

Named, in honour of Don Jose Pavon, one of the authors of
the FLORA PERCVIAXA.

1. Pavonia spinifex. Spine-fruited Pavonia.

Leaves cordate acuminate coarsely and irregularly
dentate stellate-pubescent, peduncles axillary 1 -flow-
ered, carpels echinated with scabrous stiff reverted
spines.

Cav. diss. III. 133. t. 45. f. 2.— Willd. Sp, III. 834.— Hi-
biscus spinifex, Jacq. Amer. 196.

HAB. Limestone districts. Halberstadt, Port- Royal moun-
tains. Road from Springvale to St John's.

FT.. September.

A shrub about 5 feet in height : branches few, terete, traced
on one side with a line of pubescence, and also bearing distant
stellated hairs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, cordate, acuminate,
irregularly toothed, stellato-hispid : petiole of the same length
as the leaf, stellato-hispid. Stipules linear, subulate. Pedun-
cles axillary, 1 -flowered, longer than the petiole, terete, pubes-
cent. Leaflets of the involucellum 8, lanceolate. Calyx 5-
partite; divisions ovate, 5-nerved, pilose. Corolla infundi-
buliform, yellow, more than 2ce- the length of the calyx. Stig-
mata 5, bifid. Carpels 5, armed with three strong spines, one
of which is central and the other two external, furnished with
stiff reverted hairs or setae: seeds solitary, 3-quetrous.

This plant appears to belong to var. y of De Candolle. It
is by no means a common plant.

2. Pavonia typhalea. Indian Mallow.

Leaves oblongo-lanceolate dentate, peduncles axil-
lary subterminal many-flowered, flowers conglobate.

Urena typhalea, Linn. Mant. 258. — Swartz, Obs. 294. — Cav.

diss. II. 134. and VI. 197 Pavonia typhalea, Willd. Sp. III.

834.

HAB. Common.

FL. Throughout the year.

Suffruticose, a foot and a half in height : branches few, com-
pressed, purpurascent, stellato-hispid. Leaves alternate, shortly
petiolate, stellato-hispid. Stipules \ an inch in length, linear.

62 THALAMIFLOB.*.

Peduncles subterete, hispid, bearing at the extremity, in a kind
of umbellet, about 6 shortly pedicelled somewhat attractive
flowers : bracteas lanceolate, about \ an inch in length. Leaf-
lets of the involucre 6, lineari-lanceolate, longer than the calyx.
Calyx 5-fid. Petals veined, externally (to the glass) puberu-
lous. Anthers 10-12, attached to the column of the stamens
by short pedrcels ; pollenary globules echinato-puberulous.
Style 10-fid ; divisions reflected in pairs between the pedicels
of the anthers : stigmata puberulous. Carpels distinct, 3-gonal,
2-valved, armed with a central awn, and with one at each of
the upper and outer angles ; awns hispid with reverted hairs :
seed solitary.

3. Pavonia racemosa. Racemed Pavonia.

Leaves ovate cordate acuminate obsoletely dentate
3-nerved minutely stellato-puberulous, raceme termi-
nal, involucellum 6-8 leaved shorter than the calyx,
carpels unarmed.

Alcea fruticosa aquatica, Sloane, Jam. I. 121. t. 139. f. 2.—
Althaea uliginosa, Browne, 284. — P. spicata, Cav. diss. III. 136.
t. 46. f. 1.— P. racemosa, Swartz, FL Ind. Occ. II. 1215.

HAB. Sea-shore near Rochefort.

FL. December — April.

A shrub about 6 feet in height : roots long and (according
to Swartz) arching over, similar to those of the RHIZOPHORA :
branches terete, stellato-hispidulous. Leaves alternate, petio-
late, ovate, cordate, attenuato-acuminate with the apex obtuse,
dentate with the teeth distant blunt and indistinct, 3-nerved
besides a marginal pair, minutely stellato-puberulous, and also
minutely punctulated beneath ; petiole terete, stellato-puberu-
lous. Stipules subulate, deciduous. Raceme terminal, elon-
gating, simple. Flowers greenish-yellow, subsecund on inch-
long pedicels. Leaflets of the involucellum 6-8, connate at
the base. Calyx 5-fid : divisions ovate, acuminate, erect, ex-
ternally puberulous, internally hoary. Petals convoluto-cylin-
draceous, nearly 2ce the length of the calyx, oblong, not auri-
culated, rounded at the apex, narrowing at the base, veined, to
the glass puberulous. Column of the stamens declinate, minutely
puberulous ; the free portion of the filaments subsecund :
anthers numerous; pollen hispidulous. Style rather longer
than the stamens and petals obscurely 5-fid : stigmata capitate.
Capsule of 5 separable carpels, toothed at the angles where they
meet : seeds solitary.

According to Swartz, the involucellum is 8-10 leaved; and
the style is 6-8-fid.

3 * Pavonia corymbosa. Corymb-flowered Pavonia.
Leaves cordate or angulated serrated glabrous,

MALVACEJE. 03

flowers corymbose, peduncles and the many-leaved
involucella pilose — De Cand.

Altliese corymbosa, Sivartz, FL Ind. Occ. 1213 — Pavonia
corymbosa, Willd. Sp. III. 836.— De Cand. Prod. I. 444.
1 L\B. Banks of rivers. — Siv.

Frutescent, 1-2 feet in height: branches pubescent. Pe-
tioles long, glabrous. Stipules linear. Peduncles axillary,
longer than the petioles, hirsute : flowers several, subcoryni-
bose, rather large, pedicelled, yellow. Leaflets of the involu-
cellum 10-12, linear, pilose. Style 10-fid to the middle:
stigma subcapitate, puberulous. Carpels 5, slightly muricated,
1 -seeded. — Sw.

Described by Swartz as found on the banks of rivers in
Jamaica and Hispaniola.

V. MALVAVISCUS.

Calycine involucellum many-leaved. Petals erect,
convoluted. Stigmata 10. Carpels 5, berried, 1-
seeded, sometimes subdistinct, more frequently con-
nate into a 5-celled fruit.

1. Malvaviscus arboreus. Tree-like Malvaviscus.

Leaves cordate ovate acuminate occasionally 3-5-.
lobed subentire or obsoletely crenated minutely hispi-
dulous, branclilets with a line of pubescence passing
from the axil of one leaf to the side of the petiole of
that which is above it.

Shane, I. 216. t. 136. f. 1. — Achania malvaviscus, Sivartz, Fl.
Ind. Occ. 1222. — Malvaviscus arboreus, Cav. diss. III. t, 48. f.
1. -De Cand. Prod. I. 445.

HAB. Common on the lower hills, especially in limestone
districts.

Throughout the year.

A shrub, 6—10 feet in height : branches spreading, terete,
glabrous with exception of a line of pubescence passing upwards
from the axil of one leaf to one of the sides of the petiole of
that which is above it. Leaves cordate, ovate, acuminate, oc-
casionally 3-5-lobed, indistinctly crenulated, nervose, venose,
hispidulous with minute distant stellated hairs : petiole long,
with a line of hispidulous hairs on the upper surface. Stipules
small, lanceolate deciduous. Peduncle axillary, solitary, rather
shorter than the petiole, 1 -flowered. Involucellum of 7-9
linear leaflets. Calyx nerved, ciliated. Petals crimson, min-
utely ciliated, externally puberulous. Column of the stamens

(J4 THALAMIFLORJE.

2ce- the length of the petals, spirally twisted, 5-toothed at the
apex, minutely puberulous, crimson : filaments, where free, re-
flected : anthers purple; pollenary globules minutely puberu-
lous. Ovary spherical: style longer than the column, lO-fid at
the apex : stigmata subcapitate, purple. Carpels 5, united to
form a globular berried capsule : seeds solitary.

2. Malvaviscus pilosus. Hairy Malvaviscus.
Leaves cordate crenated attenuato-acuminate with
the apex obtuse, branchlets and petioles hairy.

Achania pilosa, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 1224.— Sot. Cab. 829.

HAB. Common in the higher mountains.

FL. Throughout the year.

A shrub, about 8 feet in height : brandies terete, towards
their extremities stellato-pilose. Leaves ovate, cordate, very
much attenuated at the apex which is blunt, 8-nerved, une-
qually crenated, stellato-puberulous above, stellato-pilose, espe-
cially along the nerves and villous in their axils, beneath, min-
utely pellucido-punctulated : petiole bearing the leaf in a pel-
tate manner, pilose especially above. Stipules nearly an inch
in length, lineari-subulate. Peduncles axillary, solitary, terete,
stellato-pilose, 1-flowered. Leaflets of the involucellum 7-9.
Two or more of the divisions of the calyx accrete. Petals
veined, ciliated, scarlet. Column of the filaments much longer
than the corolla, spirally twisted, 5-toothed at the apex : an-
thers on reverted filaments. Style longer than the stamens,
10-fid at the apex: stigmata purple, puberulous. Fruit glo-
bose, yellow.

There appears, at first sight, to be a great resemblance be-
tween these two species : but they are readily distinguished on
a closer examination. They are also found in very distinct
localities : the former is a native of our low hills and the damp
shady situations of our plains : whereas the latter is an inhabi-
tant of our mountains. The flowers of both are attractive and
beautiful, and deservedly claim a place in our gardens.

VI. HIBISCUS.

Calycine involucellum generally many-leaved, rare-
ly few-leaved or with the leaflets united. Petals in
this, as well as the succeeding genera, not auriculated.
Stigmata 5. Carpels united to form a 5-celled capsule,
with the valves longitudinally septiferous from the
centre : cells many-, rarely one-seeded.

All the species abound in mucilage, and the bark of such as
have woody stems, may be manufactured into mats or cordage.
— The name was that of the Mallow among the Greeks.

MALVACEAE. 65

SECT. 1. Cells I -seeded.
I. Hibiscus pentaspermus. Five-seeded Hibiscus.

Hirsute, leaves cordate acuminate coarsely-toothed,
peduncles axillary 1 -flowered somewhat longer than
the petiole, fruit pentagonal stellato-hispid especially
along the angles.

Bertero, De Cand. Prod. I. 447.

HAB. Savannah la Mar, Dr Distin. — Var. /3. Morant-Bay.

FL. After the May and Autumnal rains.

Herbaceous, 3 feet in height : branches long, subsimple, ter-
ete, setoso-hirsute, with a line of pubescence on one side.
Leaves alternate, petiolate, cordate, acuminate, coarsely toothed,
3-nerved, stellato-hirsute. Stipules linear. Peduncles axillary,
solitary, 1 -flowered, longer than the petiole. Leaflets of the
involucellum 8. Flowers yellow. Petals externally stellato-
setose. Column of the stamens of nearly the same length as
the petals. Stigmata 5, reflected. Capsule pentangular, de-
pressed, stellato-setose especially at the angles : seeds solitary,
naked.

The variety of this plant which grows at Morant-Bay, has
the flowers white, and the leaves semitrilobate : in every other
respect it agrees with the plant of Bertero, specimens of which
I have had an opportunity of examining in the Hookerian
Herbarium.

SECT. 2. Cells many-seeded. Seeds glabrous.
2. Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis. Chinese Hose.

Stem unarmed arborescent, leaves ovate acuminate
glabrous very entire at the base coarsely-toothed to-
wards the apex subincised, peduncles length of the
leaves, involucellum 7-leaved.

Cav. diss. III. t. 69. f. 2.—Rheed. Mai. II. t. 16.— Bot. Mag.
158.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. Throughout the year.

This is a favourite plant and universally cultivated in China
and India, where the flowers are employed on every festal occa-
sion, as also in their sepulchral rites. It has become with us
one of the most common shrubs in our gardens, and we are
possessed of all the different varieties, with exception of the
double-iohite. It is mentioned by Rheed, that the root, tritura-
ted with oil, is employed by the natives of Malabar as a remedy
in Menorrhagia. The leaves are regarded by the Cochin-

tf(i THALAMJFLOHA:.

Chinese as emollient and resolvent, and useful in Strangury
and Dysuria. The flowers, from the mucilaginous juice they
contain, are employed to give a polish to the leather of shoes ;
and hence the plant has received the name of the shoe-black (ROSA
CALCEOLARIA), They are also made use of to give a red tinge
to certain spirituous liquors. The plant itself may be grown to
form an ornamental fence. None of the varieties perfect the
fruit in this country. It grows readily from cuttings, and the
different varieties may be grafted without difficulty on one
another.

3. Hibiscus bifurcatus. Bifurcated Hibiscus.

Stem fruticose scabrous toward the end of the
branches, peduncles and the under surface of the
nerves of the leaves scabrous with reversed prickles,
leaves 3-5-lobed acuminate serrated, leaflets of the
involucellum bifid at the apex.

Cav. diss. III. 146. t. 51. f. I.— De Cand. Prod. I. 449.

HAB. Sea-shore, near Spring-garden estate, St George's.

FL. February.

Suffruticose, about 3 feet in height: branches long, subsimple,
subterete, green, muricated with the asperities directed back-
wards. Leaves ; the lower ones subtrilobate, the upper with
the middle lobe elongated so as to approach to hastate, cor-
date, acuminate, irregularly serrated, stellato-hispid especially
beneath, ciliated : petiole muricated with reverted prickles.
Flowers axillary, solitary, peduncled, large, purple: peduncle
shorter than the petiole, scabrous. Leaflets of the involucel-
lum 10, linear, double pointed at the apex, hispid. Calycine
segments 3-nerved, acute, hispid. Corolla about four times
longer than the calyx. Stigmata subcapitate, puberulous. Cap-
sule setoso-hirsute ; cells many-seeded.

This, very beautiful species, is a native of Brazil and Porto-
Ricco, as well as of this Island.

4. Hibiscus esculentus. Edible Okra.
Leaves cordate 5-lobed somewhat obtuse dentate,
petiole longer than the flower, involucellum 10-
leaved deciduous, calyx bursting longitudinally.

Sloane, I. t. 133. f. 3 — Browne, 285— Cav. diss. III. t. 61.
f. 2.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. Throughout the year.

The full, but unripe fruit of this species is an excellent vege-
table. It abounds in mucilage, and is either dressed plain, or

67

employed in soups, to render them thick, rich, and nourishing.
It is an important ingredient in the peculiar dish of the country,
called calalou. An infusion of the fruit, and also the leaves, is
much recommended in affections of the urinary organs. It is
a common opinion in Egypt, that the use of this vegetable pro-
tects against the attacks of stone or gravel. It has also been
recommended in cases of consumption. Barham mentions,
that by the constant use of the Okra as food, he cured in 12
months a case of this disease. The pods, with the seeds, dried
and reduced to a powder, may be preserved for a length of time,
and employed to thicken soups or broths. This plant grows in
the hottest and dryest parts of the Island, and is in constant
bearing. It does not thrive in the higher mountains. It is
said to have originally been a native of the Old World.

5. Hibiscus Abelmoschus. Musk Okrci.

Leaves subpeltate cordate 3-or sub-5-lobed acumin-
ate serrated, stem hirsute, peduncles longer than the
petiole, involucellum 8-9-leaved, calyx bursting
longitudinally, capsule pyramidal 5-sided setose.

Alcea hirsuta, semine moschato, Marcgr. Bras. 45. t. 45. —
Browne, 285. — Hibiscus Abelmoschus, Cav. diss. III. t. 62. f.
2.— Willd. Sp. III. 826.— De Cand. Prod. I. 452.

HAB. Cultivated : rarely found wild.

FL. Throughout the year.

Suffruticose, seldom lasting longer than a year, about 4 feet
in height, hirsute. Leaves 3-nerved, hirsute above, stellato-
hirsute beneath. Peduncles axillary, solitary. Calyx cleft on
one side, 5-toothed. Petals sulphur-yellow, with the claws
crimson. Stigmata 5, capitate, velvety. Capsule pyramidal,
5-sided, setose : seeds numerous, of a musky smell.

This plant evidently belongs, from the character of the
calyx, to the 3d Section, Manihot of De Candolle. It is sup-
posed to be a native of both Indies. The seeds are warm to
the taste, and have a strong musky odour. They are said to
be emetic, and it has been proposed to employ them in nervous
and spasmodic diseases as a substitute for the more expensive
drug, which it resembles, at least, in smell. According to M.
de Humboldt, they are given, by the Spaniards of New
Andalusia, as a remedy for the bite of the Rattle-snake. The
Arabians also are said to perfume their coffee with them in the
state of powder. They are sometimes employed to adulterate
genuine musk, and as a substitute for it in perfumery.

6. Hibiscus Subdariffa. Indian Sorrel.
Leaves dentate, lower ones ovate undivided, upper

(jg 'I HALAMI FLORAE.

ones 3-lobate wedge-shaped at the base, flowers sessile,
involucellum monophyllous 12-toothed.

Swartz, Obs. 269.— Cav. diss, III. t. 198. f. 1 — De Cand.
Prod. I. 453.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. -Autumn.

A suffruticose herbaceous plant. The stem, branches,
petioles, and nerves of the leaves, as also the peduncles and ex-
ternal floral coverings, are of a blood-red colour. All parts of
the plant are more or less acid to the taste. The Calyces and
involucella are thick and leathery or fleshy, and form, when
boiled with sugar, an agreeable acidulated conserve ; or they
may be made into tarts. An infusion also may be prepared
from them, known by the name of Sorrel-drink, forming a re-
freshing beverage. Hernandez states that two drachms of the
root act as a gentle laxative. The fibres of the stem may be
made into cordage.

7. Hibiscus elatus. Mountain Mahoe.
Leaves roundish-cordate very en tire hoary-pubescent
beneath, peduncles short 1 -flowered.

Malva arborea folio rotundo, Sloane, I. 95. t. 134. f. 2 and 3.
—Hibiscus arboreus, Browne, 284.— H. elatus, Swartz, Fl.
Ind. Occ. 1218.

HAB. Lower hills, and plains in the interior of the Island.

FL. January — March.

A lofty tree, 50-60 feet in height, with the bark smooth,
and branches spreading. Leaves roundish, cordate, abruptly
acuminate, 5— 7 -nerved, minutely and distantly stellato-puberu-
lous above, hoary and tomentulose beneath: petioles elongated:
a glandulose linear slit near the base of the mid-rib of the older
and larger leaves. Stipules large, amplexicaul at the base,
oblongo-ovate, acute, puberulous, deciduous. Peduncles axil-
lary, solitary, 1 -flowered. Flowers large, of a purplish saffron
colour. Involucellum 10-fid; divisions erect, acute. Calyx an
inch in length, 5-partite for more than half the length. Petals
nearly 3 inches in length, oblong, oblique, rounded at the apex,
thickish and somewhat leathery, longitudinally veined, minutely
stellato-puberulous. Column of the stamens of the same length
as the petals, 5-grooved, subquinquedentate at the apex : anthers
yellow, on short capillary pedicels, arranged along the angles of
the column, leaving only about an inch at the base vacant.
Ovary rotundo-conical, 5-sided, sericeo-pubescent : style in-
crassated towards the stigmata, which are 5, of a deep purple
colour, and pubescent with capitate hairs. Capsule globular,
tomentose, 5-celled, 5-valved.

This is a lofty tree with a straight stem, and affords a

MALVACEAE, 69

valuable timber, much prized, especially by cabinet-makers,
having1, when worked up and polished, the appearance of dark
green variegated marble. The bark is the material employed
by the Negroes in making the better description of ropes. The
young shoots and leaves yield abundantly a fine mucilage, and
they have been employed with advantage, infused in boiling
water, as a substitute for the vanglo or zezegary, in Dysentery.

8. Hibiscus tiliaceus. Sea-side Mahoe.

Leaves subrotundo-cordate acuminate crenated
hoary and pubescent beneath, involucellum 10-toothed.

Malva arborea maritima, folio subrotundo minore acuminato

subtus candido, Sloane, I. 215. t. 134. f. 4 H. tiliaceus, Cav.

diss. III. 151. t. 55. f. \.— Willd. Sp. III. 810.— De Cand.
Prod. I. 454. — H. abutiloides, De Cand. Prod. I. 454.

HAB. Common by the sea-shore.

FL. Throughout the year.

A tree, 16—20 feet in height. Leaves with a linear pore on
the under surface of each of the three middle nerves. Stipules
lanceolate, striated, pubescent, marescent, deciduous. Pedun-
cles solitary, in the axils of the subterminal leaves. Flowers
yellow. Calyx with a linear pore on the back of each of its
segments.

The leaves of this species are thicker, but not so large as
those of the preceding. The flowers also are smaller, of a yel-
low colour, with the petals niembranaceous. The bark affords
a strong fibre equal to hemp or flax, and, when well twisted
and tarred, is not inferior to the best description of hempen
rope. Dampier mentions, that he had often occasion to make
use of ropes, made from the bark of this tree, in refitting the
rigging of his vessels. All parts of the tree, especially the
flowers, abound with a mucilaginous juice. — This species ap-
pears to be common to the shores of the East, as well as of the
West Indies. From its growing near the sea, its capsules are
conveyed by the waters to distant countries, and hence its
general diffusion. There appear to be no good grounds, for
separating our West India plant, from that which grows along
the shores of the East, as it agrees perfectly with the character
assigned by De Candolle to the latter. I never met with the
leaves, as stated to be in the Prodromius, glabrous on both sides.

9. Hisbiscus clypeatus. Congo-Mahoe.
Leaves cordate semi-trilobate dentate' velvety and
hoary especially beneath, branches velvety, peduncles
longer than the petiole, leaflets of the involucellum
9-11, calycine lobes ovate acuminate 5-nerved, cap-
sule hirsute.

70 THALAMlFLOR-ffi.

Malva arborea, folio velutino, Sloane, I. t. 135. f. 1. — Ket-
mia amplissimo folio angulato, Plum. Spec. III. t. 160. f. 2 —
Hibiscus clypeatus, Cav. diss. III. 166. t. 58. f. 1 — Swartz,
Obs. 270.

HAB. Red Hills near Spanish-Town, Sloane. — Sheldon
works and Five-mile Wood, St David's. Salt-River, St Doro-
thy's.

FJ . Decembei-.

A shrub, 6-12 feet in height: branches erect, terete, hoary
and velvety with stellated hairs. Leaves alternate, petiolate,
cordate, angulated or semitrilobate, with the lateral lobes ill-
defined and the middle one subacuminate, sparingly toothed,
5-7-nerved, hoary and velvety especially beneath, about 4 inches
long, and the same broad : petiole about the length of the leaf.
Peduncles axillary, solitary, about twice the length of the petiole,
1 -flowered. Flowers large but not showy, of a soiled yellow
and slightly erubescent colour. Leaflets of the involucellum

9, 10, or 11, unequal, about an inch in length, linear, longitudin
ally nerved, tomentose. Calyx large, externally stellato-tomen-
tose ; lobes broad, ovate, acuminate, 5-nerved ; the upper ones
erect; the lower ones more or less reflected. The 2 upper
petals erect ; the others more or less reflected ; oblong, obtuse,
internally puberulous, externally sericeo-tomentose and ciliated.
Column of the stamens bent down, thick, subpentagonal, con-
nected with the base of the petals by means of strong isthmi :
anthers yellow. Styles 5 : stigmata capitato-depressed. Cap-
sule 5-celled, 5-valved (with the valves septiferous down the
middle), hirsute with bright yellow hairs :' seeds numerous in
each cell, black, glabrous.

This plant has probably received from the Negroes the name
of Congo-Mahoe, from its resembling some plant, bearing the
name of Mahoe, in their native country. The bark makes a
very fine strong cord, and is employed to make the lashes of
whips.

SECT. 3. Cells many-seeded. Seeds woolly.

10. Hibiscus Bancroftianus. Dr Bancroft's Hibis-

cus.

Hispid, leaves ovate, cordate obtuse crenated, pe-
duncles axillary longer than the leaf filiform jointed
above the middle, involucellum 9-leaved shorter than
the calyx.

HAB. St Ann's.
FL. Throughout the year.

A shrub, about 5 feet in height : branches erect terete, stel-
lato-hispid, and traced with two subopposite lines of villous

MALVACEAE. 71

hairs passing from the insertion of each petiole into the axil of
that below. Leaves stellato-hispid especially beneath. Sti-
pules subulate. Peduncles axillary, solitary, hispidulous, 3
times the length of the petiole, articulated above the middle.
Flowers crimson, showy. Leaflets of the involucellum about
9, lineari-spathulate, acute, 3-nerved, ciliated. Calyx 5-partite
below the middle ; divisions ovate, acuminate, hispid. Petals
more than twice the length of the calyx, oblong. Column
of the stamens longer than the petals : anthers reniform. Cells
of the capsule 6-seeded : seeds angular, black, woolly.

This, very beautiful species, is now very generally cultivated
in our gardens. It was first discovered by Mr Rose of St
Ann's, and its characters were first pointed out by Dr Bancroft,
from whom it received the name of H. MACLEAYANUS, in a
paper read before the Horticultural Society of Jamaica.

11. Hibiscus unilateralis. Unilaterally -stamened
Hibiscus.

Subglabrous, leaves ovate acuminate crenato-deri-
tate, peduncles axillary longer than the leaf jointed
above the middle, leaflets of the involucellum 9-1 1
longer than the calyx, stamens unilateral.

Cav. diss. III. 158. t. 67.— De Cand. Prod. I. 452.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. Throughout the year.

A shrub, about 5 feet in height : branches erect, terete, com-
pressed towards the extremity, subglabrous. Leaves ovate,
rounded at the base, acuminate, crenato-dentate, 3-nerved, gla-
brous above, minutely stellato-hispidulous beneath. Stipules
subulate. Peduncles axillary, solitary, longer than the leaf,
articulated above the middle, glabrous. Flowers crimson.
Leaflets of the involucellum linear. Calyx stellato-hispidulous ;
divisions subacuminate. Petals wedge-shaped, somewhat longer
than the leaflets of the involucellum, minutely hispidulous.
Column of the stamens declinate, length of the petals : anthers
pedicelled on one side of the column, orange-coloured. Styles
5 : stigmata capitate. Capsule globose, hispidulous ; cells 4-
seeded or fewer : seeds black, angulated, woolly.

It is difficult to say whether this be a native or not. It is
common in our gardens with the preceding, to which it bears a
considerable resemblance.

VII. GOSSYPIUM. Cotton-shrub.

Calyx cup-shaped, obtusely 5-toothed, surrounded
by a 3-partite involucellum, with the leaflets united

72 THALAMlFLOIl.t:.

at the base, cordate, inciso-dentate. Stigmata 3-5.
Capsule 3-5-celled, many-seeded : seeds bearing a to-
rn entose wool.

Name, supposed to be derived from GOSSYPION or XYLON, a
plant described by Pliny as a native of Upper Egypt, the pods
of which furnished the wool, of which the garments of the
Egyptian priests were made.

1. Gossypium Brasiliense. Chain- Cotton.

Subglabrous, leaves 4- rarely 3- or 5-lobed tri-
glandulose beneath, leaflets of the involucellum 3
laciniated with a black depressed glandule at the base
of each, capsule 3-celled, seeds adhering.

HAB. Cultivated and_wild.

FL. May — November.

A shrub, usually 4-5 feet in height: branches spreading,
glabrous, rough with small black papillary inequalities. Leaves
4-5-, rarely 3-lobed, with the middle lobe the largest, acumi-
nate, cordate at the base, 5-nerved with the 3 middle nerves
uniglandulose near the base, punctate with black dots (especially
along the under surface of the nerves), glabrous above, pubes-
cent with minutely twisted hairs beneath : petiole nigro-papil-
lose, glabrous. Stipules lineari-lanceolate, deciduous. Peduncle
axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, coloured on one side, nigro-papil-
lose, glabrous, articulated and furnished with a pair of irregular
leaflike bracteas. Involucellum 3-partite nearly to the base ;
divisions ovate, lacerato-dentate, green, subglabrous, nigro-pa-
pillose, veined, membranaceous, with a large black depressed
gland at their base. Flowers yellow, changing, as they fade,
to a pale rose red. Calyx obscurely 4-5-toothed, nigro-papil-
lose. Petals obovate, with the sides unequal, veined, glandu-
loso-punctulated, minutely puberulous externally. Anthers
yellow ; pollen hispidulous (under the microscope). Ovary
conical, glabrous, nigro-papillose : style length of the column
of the stamens, 3-sided, white with black dots : stigma 3-fid,
expanded. Capsule ovate, 3-celled, 3-valved: seeds several,
closely adhering together, ovate, black ; cotton white.

This species is that which is most esteemed ; the cotton being
white and silky, and having a long staple, and separating readily
from the seeds, which adhere firmly together. The seeds in
G. HIRSUTUM also adhere together in this manner, but the dif-
ference is too great in many other important points, to allow of
the plant before us being referred to that species. It is proba-
ble that this variety was brought from Brazil, as it was known
in the time of Sloane, as well as in that of Edwards, by the name
of Brazilian cotton. " The Brazilian cotton tree," says the

MALVACEAE. 73

first mentioned Author,* "has many seeds conglomerated; the
other, its seeds separated."

2. Gossypium purpurascens. Purple-stemmed Cot-
ton.

Subglabrous, leaves 3-lobed glabrous above pubes-
cent and uniglandulose beneath, leaflets of the invo-
lucellum cordate laciniated, capsule 3-celled, seeds
distinct ovate acute.

Poir.suppl. II. 369.

'HAB. Liguanea.

FL. March — November.

A shrub 6—10 feet in height: branches purpurascent, nigro-
papillose to\vards the extremity, glabrous. Leaves 3-lobed,
with the lobes ovato-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved with the mid-
dle nerve glandulose on the under surface near the base, glab-
rous above, pubescent and nigro- papillose along the nerves be-
neath : petiole glabrous. Stipules an inch in length, attenuato-
lanceolate. Peduncle axillary, usually furnished with an ovate
acuminate leaf. Petals of a sulphur yellow, with a deep purple
stain at the claw ; externally puberulous and nigro-punctulated.
Stigmata 3. Capsule 3-valved : seeds separate, ovate, acute,
black : cotton white.

This species is described by Poiret as a native of the warmer
parts of America. It approaches very nearly to G. BAHBA-
DKNSB ; but, in the latter, the leaves are triglandulose beneath,
and the lower ones are 5-lobed.

3. * Gossypium Barbadense. Barbadoes Cotton.

Subglabrous, upper leaves 3-lobed, lower ones 5-
lobed, triglandulose on the under surface, capsules
3-celled.

Willd. SP. III. 806.
HAB. ?

FL. ?

4. Gossypium Jama'icense. Wild Cotton.

Villous, the upper leaves cordate entire, the lower
ones 3-lobed acuminate pubescentabovestellato-villous
and uni-glandulose beneath, leaflets of the involucel-
lum united at the base laciniated at the apex, capsules
4-celled, seeds 5 in each cell free ovate acute.

* A Voyage to Jamaica, &c. Vol. ii. p. 68.

74 TH A LA Ml FLORAE.

HAS. Near Rockfort.

FL. April— November.

A shrub, 4-5 feet in height ; branches villous with stellated
hairs. Leaves cordate ; the upper ones entire, the lower ones
3-lobed with the lobes acuminate, 3-nerved, pubescent above,
and villous with stellated hairs uniglandulose and nigro-papil-
lose along the,nerves beneath : petiole stellato-villous. Stipules
lanceolato-falcate. Peduncle 3-gonal. Leaflets of the in-
volucellum 3, united at the base, attenuate-acuminate and la-
ciniated towards the apex. Calyx irregularly toothed. Petals
pale yellow, with a purple stain at the claw. Capsule 4- valved :
seeds 5 in each cell, free, ovate, acute : cotton white.

There is a considerable resemblance between this and G.
HIBSUTUM ; but the latter is hirsute, and the capsule, according
to Swartz, is 3-celled, and the seeds, according to Willdenow,
adherent.

5. Gossypium oligospermum. Few-seeded Cotton.
Hirsute, leaves 5-lobed acuminate undulated pub-
escent above stellato-hirsute and uni- (rarely bi-)
glandulose beneath, leaflets of the involucellum sub-
trifid and inciso-dentate at the apex, capsule 4- (rarely
3-) celled, seeds 4 in each cell.

HAB. Waste places, Liguanea.

FL. November — January, and after rains.

A shrub, about 1 2 feet in height : branches angulose, hirsute
with stellated hairs. Leaves 5-lobed, with the lobes lanceolate,
acuminate, undulated, subglabrous above, stellato-hispid and
1-2-glandulose beneath : petiole hairy. Stipules deciduous.
Flowers subterminal, peduncled. Calycine teeth acute. Petals
twice the length of the involucellum, pale yellow with an obscure
purple stain at the claw. Stamens numerous. Stigmata ag-
glutinated. Capsule little more than an inch in length, usually
4-valved, and with the cells 4-seeded : cotton white.

6. * Gossypium hirsutum. Hairy Cotton.

Hirsute, upper leaves undivided cordate, lower
ones 3-^5-lobed uniglandulose beneath, leaflets of the
involucellum 3-toothed at the apex, capsule 3-valved,
seeds green adherent.

Wittd. Sp. III. 805.

HAB. ?

FL. ?

It is remarkable that I should not have met with the third
and sixth of these species, which were, it would appear,
common at one time in this Island, It is probable that they
may have exhibited, when in cultivation, different characters,

MALVACEAE. 75

from what they now do, since they have ceased to be cultivated,
and allowed to grow in a state of nature. I am inclined to the
opinion, that the numerous sorts of cotton we meet with, are
properly but varieties of one species, and hence, the characters,
by which it has been attempted to distinguish them, are so va-
riable, and so little to be relied on.

The cotton shrub appears to be indigenous to this Island, as
well as to all the tropical regions of the Old and the New
World. It was cultivated in India, and the woolly fibres were
spun and woven into muslins of the finest fabrics, long ere even
the existence of the plant was known to Europeans. The in-
habitants of Africa also appear to have been acquainted with
the manufacture of it into cloth ; and a coarse cotton cloth
forms, even now, part of the trade from the interior. Colum-
bus found the Aborigines of St Domingo naked, with the
exception of a few who were possessed of a piece of cotton
cloth ; and in his second voyage, he is said to have brought,
from the West Indies, some cotton mantillas to Spain. It was
in Mexico, however, where the arts had made a considerable
progress previous to the arrival of the Spaniards, that cloth
manufactured from this material, was found in the most gene-
ral use. We are informed in Purchas, that the inhabitants
were clothed in mantles, " painted throughout with works of
diverse and fine colours ;" several cities are mentioned as paying
their tribute in cotton ; and a map was shown to Cortez, " of
woven cotton cloth, with the havens and harbours near New
Spain set forth in it."

At present there is no cotton grown in this Island for the
purpose of exportation. At one time, however, it was an im-
portant article of cultivation. The cotton shrub grows best in
a light soil, especially in a limestone district, with a moderate
supply of moisture. In a stiff clay, or where there is a clay
bottom, it seldom thrives, and generally dies as soon as the root
has penetrated to a certain depth. It is found to be unproduc-
tive in a wet climate, from the flowers, although produced in
abundance, dropping off without forming the fruit. It is grown
from seed planted between the months of November and April.
The land is prepared, by cleaning it of weeds, and dig-
ging holes about 18 inches deep, and 12 inches wide, at a suffi-
cient distance to allow the plant free space to spread. About
12 seeds are planted in each hole, and covered lightly with
soil. Should the seasons be favourable, they will show above
ground in seven or eight days. The young plants are to be
carefully kept free of weeds, and repeatedly thinned, till one,
or in some cases two, of the healthiest and strongest is left. Very
little pruning is required. It is of the greatest importance
throughout the whole course of the cultivation, to keep down
the growth of weeds. This is the surest method of preserving
the plantation in health, and free from the attack of insects. It

76 THALAM I FLORAE.

has also been confidently stated, that the same intention would
be produced by planting Guinea-grass through the field, as it
would not only keep down every description of weed, but also
drive off the numerous insect enemies, which too often disappoint
all the hopes of the planter.

The cotton seldom comes into full bearing, before the second
year; and it continues productive for four or five years. It
blossoms and fruits during the greater part of the year : but
the principal bearing is between August and December. In
the East, the whole pod is gathered : but it is considered an
improvement, to leave the capsules on the trees, and to with-
draw from it the cotton with the seeds, which readily comes
away. The capsules open when they are ripe; and as they
come to maturity in succession, the field must be frequently
gone through. It is of importance to gather the cotton in dry
weather ; and it is necessary, after it is collected, to expose it to
the sun, so as to free it from any damp. A machine, called a
gin, is employed to separate it from the seeds. With one of
these, on the present improved principle, a man is capable of
cleaning 300 Ibs of cotton in a day.

It is very probable that cotton may yet again come to be an
article of export from this Island. The cultivation of it, is well
adapted for small settlers ; as it requires very little attention or
labour, and the crop comes in gradually, so as to be easily col-
lected. There is no doubt, but that it might be conducted more
advantageously here, than in the Southern States of America,
as we have not a winter to contend with, and our climate and
soil is completely suitable, from the plant being indigenous.

As to the medical uses to which the cotton may be applied,
a decoction of the root is employed in the East Indies for
urinary complaints, and an infusion of the leaves or of the
flowers internally, as a mucilaginous drink, or externally as a
fomentation for the stings or bites of venomous insects and rep-
tiles. The seeds yield a fixed oil, which is sweet to the taste,
and has been used to burn in lamps. An emulsion prepared
from them has been recommended for dysentery and in pecto-
ral affections. The oil itself, applied externally, is said to clear
the skin of spots or freckles. The leaves steeped in vinegar,
are applied, like those of the Castor-oil shrub, to the forehead
and temples, in cases of headach from fever or other causes.
The cotton wool itself, carded, has been used to dry quickly
blistered surfaces, and as an application in cases of burns. It
is said to be a bad dressing for ulcers or wounds, occasioning
irritation.

VIII. ANODA.

Calyx naked 5-fid, lobes acuminate, very patent in
the fruit. Capsule subhemLspherical beneath, de-

MALVACE.I:. 77

pressed plane and stellariform above, many-celled ;
cells 1 -seeded.

Name, from a, privative, and NODUS a joint, the peduncles not
being jointed as in SIDA.

1. Anoda hastata. Hastate-leaved Anoda.

Lower leaves cordate acuminate 5-angled subden-
tate obtuse, upper ones hastate acuminate subdentate
at the base, peduncles axillary solitary length of the
leaves.

Cav.diss. I. 38. t. 11. f. 2.— Sida hastata, Willd. Sp. Ill-
763.

HAB. Neighbourhood of Bath, St Thomas in the East, and
of the Botanic Garden, St Andrew's.

FL. Throughout the year.

The leaves vary in shape. The flowers are usually blue, ap-
proaching to purple, rarely white. — From the situation in which
it grows, it is most probable an introduced plant. It is a
native of Mexico, and of the neighbourhood of Lima.

IX. SIDA. Broom-weed.

Calyx naked, 5-fid, generally angulated. Style
multifid at its apex. Carpels capsular, 5-30, whorled
round an axis, more or less united among themselves,
1 -celled, one- or many-seeded, awned or awnless at
the apex.

Name, applied by Theophrastus to a Malvaceous plant, ac-
cording to some; or to the common Water-lily, according to
Adanson.

SECT. 1. Carpels 5-12, one-seeded, not inflated.

* Peduncles shorter than the petioles, or of nearly
the same length, leaves ovate or oblong.

1. Sida Jamaicensis. Common Broom-weed.
Leaves ovate serrated obtuse tomentose, peduncles
axillary solitary 1-flowered very short, carpels 5 two-
horned.

Sida humilior foliis ovatis serratis distiche sitis, Browne,
280. — S. Jamaicensis, Cav.diss. I. I'/, t. 2. f. 5. — Sivartz, Obs.
258.

HAB. Common on dry hot plains.

FL. After rains.

78 THALAMIFLOU/E.

Suffruticose, with branches spreading, terete, hirsute with
stellated hairs. Leaves distichal, ovate, obtuse, serrated, with
the teeth subaristate, nerved, tomentose with stellated hairs,
ciliated, hoary beneath : petiole one-fourth of an inch in length,
terete, tomentose. Stipules setaceous, length of the petiole.
Petiole scarcely half the length of the petiole, accompanied by
a short flowering branchlet. Bracteas setaceous. Calyx 5-ago-
nal, nerved, externally stellato-tomentose ; divisions acuminate.
Petals obliquely cordate, white, or of a pale buff colour. Ovary
5-agonal : styles 5, reflex : stigmata capitate. Carpels 5, bi-
rostrate.

This plant has some resemblance to the following species ;
but may readily be distinguished by its growing in low warm
situations, by being tomentose, by the flowers being nearly
white, and by the carpels being only 5 in number.

2. Sida trivialis. Way-side Broom-weed.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate acute dentato-serrated mi-
nutely stellato-puberulous, peduncles axillary solitary
1 -flowered scarcely longer than the petiole, carpels
8-10 shortly bi-cuspidate.

Malva erecta minor carpinii folio, flore luteo, seminibus sin-
gulis simplici aculeo-longiori donatis, Sloane, I. 218. — Sida
Balbisiana, Bertero, De Cand. Prod. I. 460.

HAB. Common by the roadsides and in ditches.

FL. Autumn.

Suffruticose, about a foot in height : branches alternate, dis-
tichal, terete, stellato-pubescent. Leaves ovato-lanceolate,
acute, rounded and entire at the base, the rest of the margin
dentato-serrated, subglabrous above, minutely stellato-puberu-
lous beneath, nerved : petiole short. Stipules nearly twice the
length of the leaf, lanceolate, 3-nerved, ciliated. Peduncles the
third of an inch in length, scarcely longer than the petiole, axil-
lary, solitary, 1 -flowered. Flowers orange-yellow, size of a
shilling. Calycine segments ciliated. Petals obliquely obcor-
date. Column of the filaments stellato-puberulous. Ovary
spherical, truncated : styles 10 : stigmata obtuse. Carpels us-
ually 10, bicuspidate at the inner and upper angle : seed soli-
tary.

Notwithstanding some unimportant points of difference, this
plant is evidently the same with that found by Bertero at Porto-
Ricco, and to which he gave the name of S. BALBISIANA. The
leaves vary in being more or less elongated, and in being either
rounded or approaching to acute at the base. It is very com-
mon in the Port-Royal mountains. The branches of this, as
well as of some of the other species, are employed, tied toge-
ther in a bundle, as a broom by the Negroes. The leaves also

MALVACEAE. 7y

and tender shoots, arc made use of as substitutes for soap.
Rubbed up with water, they form a lather, which may be
employed in shaving, when the skin is in an irritable state, not
admitting of the use of soap.

3. * Sida ciliaris. Procumbent Broom-weed.

Leaves oblongo-elliptic retuse serrato-dentate to-
wards the apex, peduncles axillary subterminal soli-
tary very short, stipules of the same length or longer
than the petiole ciliated, carpels 7 muricated shortly
bi rostrate.

Malva minor supina, flore coccineo, seminibus asperis,
Sloane, 1. 217. t. 137. f. 2. — Malva minima supina, Browne,
282 — Sida ciliaris, Cav. diss. I. t. 3. f. 9.— Swartz, Obs. 257.
— De Cand. Prod. I. 461.

II AB. Common in dry waste places, and pastures.

FL. July — December, after rains.

Suffruticose, procumbent at the base, terete, hirsute with ap-
pressed stellated hairs. Leaves at the ends of the branchlets,
elliptic, approaching to oblong, retuse, serrato-dentate and cili-
ated towards the apex, glabrous above, stellato-hispid beneath,
scarcely more than half an inch in length : petiole half the
length of the leaf. Stipules setaceous, ciliated, rather longer
than the petiole. Flowers small, red, shortly peduncled, axil-
lary, solitary. Calyx 5-partite : segments ciliated. Petals en-
tire. Anthers 10. Style 7-partite, longer than the stamens.
Carpels 7, muricated, shortly birostrate at the apex.

* * Peduncles elongated and distinctly jointed, leaves
oblong.

4. Sida minor. Lesser Broom-weed.
Leaves oblong and rounded at the base, sometimes
ovate and subcordate, serrated subglabrous above stel-
lato-puberulous beneath, peduncles axillary solitary 1-
flowered rather longer than the petiole jointed, car-
pels 5 shortly bicuspidate.

HAB. Dry situations, Port-Royal mountains.

FL. July— November.

Snffruticose, about 8 inches in height : branches compressed,
very minutely stellato-puberulous. Leaves, in old plants, ovate
and subcordate, in young ones, oblong and rounded at the base,
crenato-serrated, and incano-puberulous above, incano-puberu-
lous with stellated hairs beneath. Stipules half the length of
the petiole, setaceous, ciliated. Peduncle jointed above the

80 T HAL AM I FLORAE.

middle, 1 -flowered, rather longer than the petiole. Flowers
rather small, yellow. Calyx 5-agonal, 10-nerved, with the seg-
ments acute. Stamens 12ll5, column minutely stellato-puber-
ulous: anthers globose, yellow. Styles 5, patenti-reflected,
longer than the filaments : stigmata capitate. Carpels 5 : seeds
solitary, 3-gonal, black.

The leaves vary in form in different plants; and I have even
observed ovate and oblong leaves, on different branches of the
same plant.

5. Sida erecta. Erect Broom-weed.
Erect slightly hoary, leaves linear rounded at the
base serrulated, peduncles axillary solitary 1 -flowered
length of the petiole, carpels 8-10 bi-aristate.

HAB. Common near Half-way Tree.

FL. After rains.

Suffrutieose erect, about a foot in height : branches few sub-
simple, slightly compressed, somewhat hoary, puberulous with
minute stellated hairs. Leaves an inch or more in length,
linear, obtuse, serrulated, minutely stellato-puberulous, hoary
beneath: petiole filiform, nearly half the length of the leaf.
Stipules setaceous, ciliated, nearly as long as the petiole,
deciduous. Peduncles axillary, solitary, of the same length as
the petiole articulated below the flower. Flowers small in
comparison with those of the other Jamaica species. Calycine
segments, acuminate. Petals yellowish white, veined with pale
pink. Styles 8- 10: stigmata capitate of a pink colour. Car-
pels 8-10, bi aristate; awns length of the calycine segments,
reversely hispid.

A very common plant in pastures at the lower part of the
plain of Liguanea. The flowers are open from 9 o'clock in the
morning, till 3 in the afternoon.

6. Sida ruderata. Rank Broom-weed.
Leaves oblongo-lanceolate obtuse mucronate cre-
nato-serratev pedicels axillary much longer than the
petiole jointed, carpels 8-10 bicuspidate.

Malva minor erecta betonicse folio, flore luteo, semine duplici
rostro prsedita, Shane, I. 217. — Sida rhombifolia, Willd. Sp.
III. 740. — Sivartz, Obs. 257. — Cav. diss. I. 23. t. 3. f. 12.

HAB. Common in damp shady situations.

FL. Throughout the year.

Suffrutieose, 1 2 feet in height: branches erect, slightly
compressed, tomentulose with minute stellated hairs. Leaves
oblongo-lanceolate, obtuse, apiculated, crenato-serrated, minutely
stellato-pnberulous above, whitish and stellato-tomentulose

MALVACEAE. 81

beneath, nearly three inches long, and scarcely 1 broad: petiole
short. Stipules subulate, of the same length as the petiole.
Peduncles axillary, solitary, much longer than the petiole, but
shorter than the leaf, filiform, jointed above the middle, min-
utely stellato-tomentulose. Styles 10-11, spreading: stigmata
capitate, white. Carpels 10-11, biaristato-cuspidate: seed soli-
tary, 3-gonal, black.

The leaves vary in size and also in shape ; they are largest
in damp situations. I have changed the specific designation as
not af all applicable to the form of the leaves.

* * * Peduncles elongated, leaves cordate.
7. Sida arguta. Sharp-leaved Broom-weed.
Leaves cordate attenuate-acuminate serrated glab-
rous except the petiole and under surface of the nerves,
peduncles axillary solitary 1 -flowered longer than the
petioles, carpels 5 bi-aristate.

Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 1205.

HAB. Common on the south side of the Island, especially
along the fences.

Kl'j. Autumn, after rains.

Suffruticose, erect, about 2 feet in height : branches slender,
subglabrous. Leaves cordate, acuminate, irregularly serrato-
dentate, minutely puberulous, nerved, 2^ inches long, and nearly
1 broad : petiole f of an inch long, pubescent. Stipules subu-
late. Peduncles an inch and a half long, capillary, puberulous,
jointed a little below the calyx. Petals orange-yellow. Fila-
ments free at the top, spreading. Styles 5, longer than, and
reflected below the stamens : stigmata capitate. Carpels 5, bi-
aristate : awns nearly as long as the carpels.

It is remarkable that in this plant the hairs are not arranged,
as in the other species belonging to this genus, in a stellated
manner.

8. Sida althaeifolia. Mallow-leaved Broom-weed.

Leaves cordate obtuse serrato-crenate tomentose,
peduncles axillary shorter than the petiole accom-
panied by a short peduncle bearing 4-5 pedicelled
flowers, carpels 10-12 shortly bi-rostrate 1 -seeded.

Althaea flore luteo, Sloane, I. 218. t. 136. f. 2. — Sida althaei-
folia, Swartz, Prod. 101.— Fl. Ind. Occ. ejusd. 1207.

II A B. Common, on the dry plains and hills.

Fl . Autumn.

Suffruticose, erect, 2-3 feet in height : branches hoary,
velutino-tomentose, compressed and slightly sulcated towards

82 THALAMI FLORAE.

the extremities. Leaves nerved, velutino-puberulous above,
hoary and tomentose beneath with stellated hairs. Stipules
subulate. Flowers of a tawny-yellow colour. Calyx 5-angular,
tomentose. Petals rounded at the apex, emarginate, undulated.
Styles 10, rarely 12, longer than the stamens, reBected : stig-
mata capitate. Carpels 10, rarely 12, shortly bi-rostrate: seeds
compressed, 3-gonal, black, glabrous.

A common weed in dry lowland pastures, remarkable for its
numerous orange coloured flowers, and its hoary woolly branches
and leaves.

9. Sida urens. Stinging Broom-weed.
Leaves ovato-cordate acuminate serrato-dentate
with blunt teeth hispid above hirsute beneath, flowers
axillary and terminal crowded, carpels 5 awnless, stem
and petioles hirsute with long stiff hairs.

Sida urticata, Browne, 280. — S. urens, Swartz, Obs. 261 —
Cav.diss. I. 15. t. 2. f. 7.

HAB. Common in fences and thickets.

FL. Autumn.

Suffruticose : branches long, erect or subprocumbent, terete
purpurascent on the side exposed to the sun, hirsute with long
straight hairs, mixed with a minute stellated pubescence. Leaves
ovate, cordate, acuminate with the apex blunt, bluntly serrato-
dentate, hisped above, and hirsute beneath with stellated hairs,
nerved : petiole about an inch in length. Stipules subulate.
Peduncle one fourth of an inch in length, accompanied by 1-2
short branchlets, each bearing about 5 flowers crowded together,
and late in being developed. Calyx with the divisions acute
and ciliated. Petals purpurascent at the claw, with the limb
yellow, minutely ciliated. Column of the stamens minutely
stellato-puberulous. Ovary 5-lobed : styles 5, spreading : stig-
mata capitate, crimson. Carpels 5, awnless, stellato-pubescent
towards the apex : seeds roundish, compressed, wrinkled, black.

10. * Sida dumosa. Glabrous-leaved Broom-weed.

Leaves cordate ovate acuminate serrated glabrous
on both sides, peduncles many-flowered, carpels 5-6
subrotund scabrous with a very minute stellated
pubescence. — De Cand.

Swartz, FL Ind. Occ. 1209.
HAB. Thickets.

FL. ?

Stem erect, smooth. Leaves serrulated, nervose, glabrous
on both sides, 2 inches in length: petioles length of the leaves,

MAI.VACEJE. 83

pubescent. Panicle terminal. Flowers numerous, crowded,
shortly pedicelled, of moderate size, yellow. Calyx 5-agonal
at the base, pubescent. Styles 5-6. Carpels 1 -seeded. —
Swartz.

1 1 . Sida capillaris. Capillary panicled Broom-weed.
Leaves ovate acuminate, rarely subcordate, more
usually rounded at the base dentato-serrate hoary
stellato-pilose above stellato-tomentose beneath, stipules
setaceous, peduncles capillary panicled or simple,
carpels 5 shortly bi-rostrate.

Sida foliis cordato-acuminatis, pedunculis longis tenuissimis
capillaribus alaribus, inferioribus simplicibus, superioribus
ramosis, Browne, 280. — S. paniculata, Swartz, Obs. 259. —
Cav. diss. I. 16. t. 12. f. 5. — S. atro sanguinea, Jacq. Ic. rar. I,
t. 136 — S. capillaris, Cav. diss, I. 10. t. 1. f. 7.

HAB. Common, in dry gravelly situations.

FL. August — November.

Suffruticose erect about 3 feet high : branches straight,
slightly compressed towards their extremities, stellato-hirsute
approaching to tomentose. Leaves attenuate-acuminate, un-
equally serrato-dentate, nerved, about 2 inches long, and nearly
1 broad : petioles short, tomentose. Stipules longer than the
petiole, setaceous. Panicles axillary and subterminal: divisions
finely capillary : pedicels an inch and a half in length, glabrous,
jointed about 3 lines from the flower, coloured, minutely puberu-
lous, incrassated below the calyx. Flowers small, of a crimson
colour. Calyx externally puberulous. Petals spreading, oblong,
repand, glabrous. Stamens 15 : column crimson, minutely
stellato-puberulous : anthers yellow. Styles 5, longer than the
filaments, spreading : stigmata minutely papillose. Carpels 5,
minutely stellato-puberulous.

In the specimens I have met with, it is only the leaves
at the bottom of the stem that are subcordate. I have adopted
the specific designation of Cavanilles, considering it more dis-
tinctive— This plant is remarkable for its delicate hair-like
peduncles, and its small crimson flowers. I have met with
specimens, in which the peduncles were 2-3 together, simple,
and axillary.

12. Sida nervosa. Clammy Broom-weed.
Leaves cordate acuminate dentate villous with
stellated hairs, stem and branches villous with a viscid
capitato-glandulose pubescence, peduncles panicled,
calyces nervose, carpels 5 bi-rostrate.

Herlero, De Cand. Prod. I. 465.

g4 THALAMIFLORJE.

HAB. Common.

FL. Autumn.

Suffruticose, erect, 3-4 feet high, much branched, terete,
viscid to the touch, and somewhat villous with capitate hairs.
Leaves 4-6 inches long, pubescent above, hoary and villous
with stellated hairs beneath, 3-nerved, besides a marginal pair,
veined: petioleof thesame length as theleaf, obscurely channelled,
slightly villous with a capitato-glandulose pubescence. Stipules
small, setaceous, ciliated. Peduncles axillary and terminal,
panicled and many-flowered ; or there is in the axil of the leaf
a one-flowered peduncle about an inch in length and jointed
above the middle, accompanied by a short branchlet, bearing
about 5 pedicelfed flowers. Flowers yellow. Calyx prominently
nerved, pubescent with capitato-glandulose hairs, ciliated ;
segments acuminate. Petals obcordate, ciliated with minute
capitate hairs, but otherwise glabrous. Stamens about 16.
Styles 5, blood-coloured, with capitate stigmata. Carpels 5,
rostrate; the beaks short, subulate, hispid. Seeds solitary, ovoid,
with a carunculated apicula.

A very common plant. The leaves are occasionally variegated
with yellow.

SECT. 2. Carpels one- or many-seeded, inflated.

13. Sida viscosa. Viscid Broom-weed.
Leaves ovato-cordate acuminate dentate viscoso-
tomentose, peduncles axillary shorter than the petiole,
carpels 5 bi-cuspidate.

Althaea populi folio villoso, Sloane, I. 222. t. 139. f. 4. —
Sida viscosa seu villosa, Browne, 280. — S. Viscosa, Swartz,
Obs. 239.

HAB. Savannahs. Common in Salt- Ponds.

FL. November.

iSuffruticose, erect, 2-4 feet in height : branches suberect,
terete, stellato-tomentose with the longer hairs tipt with a viscid
transparent globule. Leaves attenuate-acuminate, viscid, stel-
lato-villous. Stipules subulate. Peduncles axillary, subsoli-
tary, short, scarcely half an inch in length, villous. Flowers
yellow. Calyx externally stellato- villous and viscid with pel-
lucid shining globules ; segments lanceolate, attenuato-mucro-
nate. Petals subovato-rotund, repand at their extremity, glab-
rous. Stamens numerous. Styles 5, erect, rather longer than
the stamens : stigmata obtuse. Carpels 5, globose, compressed,
bi-rostrate, stellato-villous, subinflated, 1 -seeded : seed globose,
slightly compressed.

This is the plant described and figured by Sloane. According
to him the carpels are 6 ; whereas Swartz gives 7 as their
number.

MALVACEAE. 85

14. Sida periplocifolia? Periploca-leaved Broom-

weed.

Leaves cordate lanceolato-ovate tapering gradually
towards the apex subentire glabrous above hoary and
stellato-villous beneath, panicle terminal lax with its
divisions filiform, carpels ,5 subinflated one-seeded.

Alcea populifolia, folio incano integro, Sloane, I. 222. t. 139-
f. 3. — Sida erecta, foliis integris subtus incanis, Browne,280. —
Sida periplocifolia, Swartz, Obs. 260. — Richard, Act. Soc. Hist.
N. Par. p. III.?

Common in the Lowlands.

5*1.1. After the Autumnal rains.

Suffrutescent, erect, 3-4 feet in height : branches few, sub-
simple, coloured, stellato-villous. Leaves attenuated at the
apex which is obtuse, deep green and glabrous above, hoary
and stellato-villous beneath, nerved. Panicle terminal, 1-2 feet
in length, loose : common peduncle slender, terete, stellato-
pubescent ; its divisions filiform, spreading, few-flowered : pe-
dicels an inch and a half in length, jointed above the middle,
delicately filiform, puberulous with very minute capitate hairs,
in general two together, bearing a rather small yellow flower.
Calyx externally purple and most minutely puberulous : divi-
sions acute. Petals obovato-cuneiform spreading. Filaments
scarcely united into a column, subpolyadelphous. Styles 5,
long, with capitate stigmata. Carpels 5, subinflated, triquet-
rous, with the apex beaked : seeds solitary, angulose, with the
angles puberulous.

This species is not rare ; and is remarkable for the stamens
being, as it were, broken up, and polyadelphous, the leaves en-
tire or nearly so, the stem slender, and the divisions of the
panicle capillary. This is decidedly the plant of Sloane. I
have never, however, observed more than one seed in each
carpel. A plant bearing the same specific designation, and a
native of Ceylon, has the carpels 3-seeded.

15. Sida peduncularis. Purple-flowered Broom-weed.

Leaves cordate acuminate crenate green and vel-
vety above hoary and tomentose beneath, peduncles
axillary solitary longer than petioles, carpels 15 in-
flated, nine-seeded, seeds small puberulous.

Abutilon pedunculare, H. B. <3r Kutith, nov. gen. Amcr. V.

273 Sida peduncularis, De Cand. Prod. I. 469.

HAB. Common in the neighbourhood of Half-way Tree.
Kl,. After the May and Autumnal rains.

86 THALAMIFLOHJE.

SufFruticose, annual, erect, 2-3 feet in height: branches few,
simple, terete, pilose with long hairs intermixed with a glandu-
loso-capitate pubescence. Leaves cordate, acuminate, crenated,
nerved, veined, green and velvety with stellated hairs above,
hoary and stellato-tomentose beneath : petiole terete, elongated,
pilose like the branches. Stipules * an inch in length, subulate,
hairy, deciduous. Peduncles axillary, solitary, rather longer
than the petioles, articulated below the flower, hairy like the
branches. Flowers large, showy, of a dirty crimson colour,
opening about 9 o'clock in the morning, and closing about 4
o'clock in the afternoon. Calyx 5-fid below the middle : divi-
sions acuminate, nerved. Petals twice the length of the calyx,
veined, minutely ciliated. Stamens numerous. Styles 15,
spreading, tinged with purple, length of the stamens : stigmata
capitate. Carpels 15, inflated, shortly beaked at the outer
angle, densely hirsute with greenish yellow hairs, 9-seeded.

This is a rather beautiful species. It was discovered by
Humboldt and his companions in shady situations by the banks
of the Amazon.

16. * Sida Americana. American Broom-weed.

Leaves cordate oblong undivided tomentose, pe-
duncles * shorter than the leaf, carpels 12 tomentose,
acuminate length of the calyx.

Willd. Sp. III. 750.— De Cand. Prod. 470.

HAB. Jamaica.

FL. ?

Leaves twice as long as they are broad, very tomentose, ser-
rated, double the length of the petioles. Calyx tomentose.
Carpels 12, size of those of S. ABUTILON, terminating, at the
outer angle, in a lanceolate point, as long as the carpel itself.

17. Sida abutiloides. Savannah Broom-weed.

Leaves cordate acuminate bluntly toothed villous
above, hoary viscid and tomentose beneath, peduncles
axillary solitary scarcely longer than the petiole, car-
pels 10 acuminate length of the calyx 3-seeded.

Lavatera Americana, Stvartz, Obs. 263. — Sida abutiloides,
De Cand. Prod. I. 470.

HAB. Common in dry Savannahs and thickets on the south
side of the Island.

FL. January.

Suffruticose, erect, about 3 feet high : branches compressed
at their extremities, subflexuose, hispido-tomentose, with stel-
lated hairs. Leaves ovate, cordate, acuminate, dentate, nerved,

MALVACE^:. 87

green and villous above, hoary and tomentose beneath with
stellated hairs tipt with viscid globules : petiole compressed.
Stipules lineari-lanceolate. Peduncles axillary, solitary, scarcely
longer than the petiole, terete, hispido-tomentose with stellated
hairs, 1 -flowered. Calyx 5-partite, externally velvety-pubes-
cent ; divisions acuminate. Petals orange-coloured, spreading.
Ovary globular, 10-ribbed : styles 10, spreading, reflected:
stigmata capitate. Carpels usually 10, acuminate at the apex,
length of the calyx,'- pubescenti-tomentulose, 3-seeded : seeds
black, subreniform, reticulato-granulose.

There is very little difference between the specific character
of this, and that of S. Americana, as given by De Candolle, ex-
cept, that in the latter, the leaves are oblong.

18, Sida elata. Tall Broom-weed.

Leaves subrotundo-cordate acuminate crenulato-
dentate velvety and hoary beneath, flowers panicled,
petals subreflex, carpels 8-10 beaked generally 3-
seeded.

Sida gigantea, Jacq. Schoenb. II. 8. t. 141.?

HAB. Below Pimento-grove, St David's.

FL. January.

A shrub, erect, 6-12 feet in height: branches terete, hoary,
minutely stellato-puberulous. Leaves crenated, 5-nerved, re-
ticulato-venose, green and stellato-velutine above, hoary and
velutino-tomentulose beneath, 5 inches long and 4 broad. Sti-
pules setaceo-subulate. Panicle terminal, lofty, many-flowered :
flowers orange-yellow : common peduncle and its divisions
hoary and velvety : pedicels half an inch in length, 1 -flowered.
Calyx externally hoary and puberulous : divisions ovato- lan-
ceolate. Petals obovato-subrotund, spreading, subreflex. Co-
lumn of the filaments stellato-pubarulous. Ovary globose, pu-
bescent : styles 8-10 (usually 9) capillary : stigmata obtuse.
Carpels 8-10, beaked at the outer angle, slightly inflated, pu-
berulous, 2— 3-seeded : seeds angulose, puberulous.

This plant agrees with the character given of SIDA GIGAN-
TEA, except, that in the latter, the leaves are acuminato-tricus-
pidate. The flowers, carpels, and leaves of this resemble very
much those of the preceding species. It is the loftiest of the
genus that we have in Jamaica. It is a rather showy plant,
and, as it rises above the more lowly shrubs, readily attracts
the eye of the passenger.

88 THALAMIFLORTE.

ORDER XXV. BOMBACE^:.

Calycine sepals 5, cohering in a campanulate or
cylindrical tube, either truncated or with 5 divisions,,
naked or involucelled with a few minute bracteoles
at the base. Petals 5, regular ; or, when the inside
of the calyx is coloured, none. Stamens 5, 10, 15, or
more : filaments cohering at the base into a tube,
which is soldered to the tube formed by the base of
the petals, divided at the apex into 5 parcels, each of
which is 1- or poly-antherous : anthers 1 -celled, lin-
ear, reniform or anfractuose. Ovary of 5, rarely 10,
carpels : styles of the same number as the carpels.
Fruit" variable: seeds generally wrapped in wool, or
pulp ; exalbuminose with the cotyledons corrugated
or convoluted, or albuminose with the cotyledons
plain.

Trees or shrubs, natives of the Tropics. Leaves alternate,
petiolate, bi-stipulated : pubescence stellated.

The Cotton-tree tribe are peculiar to the hottest parts of the
globe. Like the Mallow tribe, from which they can with dif-
ficulty be separated, they abound in a mucilaginous juice, and
have no known deleterious property.

I. HELICTERES."

Calyx tubulose, subquinquefid. Petals 5, ligulato-
unguiculated subdentate towards the apex. Stamens
5, 10, or 15, monadelphous for some distance, with a
multifid urceole at the apex, with some of them ste-
rile. Ovary on a long stipe : styles 5, concrete at
the base. Carpels 5, one-celled, cc-seeded, internally
dehiscent, frequently twisted into a regular spire,
sometimes straight. Seeds exalbuminose, cotyledons
spirally convoluted. — De Cand.

Name, from jx/g, a screw, hence gX/jcr»j£, any thing wound round
or coiled; applied to this genus, from the manner in which
the fruit is twisted.

BOAIBACE.S:. 89

1. Helicteres Jamaicensis. Jamaica Screw-tree.

Decandrous, leaves cordate serrated pubescent above
velutino-tomentose beneath, flowers axillary subter-
minal few corymbose, fruit ovate densely tomentose.

Abutilo affinis arbor, cujus fructus est styli apex acutus qua-
tuor s. quinque siliquis hirsutis, funis ad instar in spiram con-
volutis, Sloane, I. 22. — Helicteres villosa et fructicosa,
Browne, 330.— H. Jamaicensis, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 1156.

HAB. Lime-stone districts. Not rare.

FL. June — December.

Stem arborescent, 10-12 feet in beigbt : branches spreading,
compressed towards their extremities, farinoso-tomentose with
stellated hairs. Leaves cordate, ovate, serrated, triply-nerved,
green and slightly stellato-pubescent above, pale and densely
stellato-tomentose beneath, 6 inches long, and the same broad :
petiole about 2 inches long, terete. Stipules subulate. Pe-
duncle axillary, shorter than the leaf, about 3-flowered, tei'ete,
farinoso-tomentose: flowers white, not showy, pedicelled.
Calyx bell-shaped, compressed, externally farinoso-tomentose
with stellated hairs, 2-lipped ; upper lip longer than the lower,
and bifid ; lower lip 3-fid. Petals 5, longer than the calyx, un-
equal, deciduous ; the 2 upper ones broader, oblong, concave ;
the 3 lower narrower. Column of the filaments about 3 inches
long, terete, curved. Fertile stamens 10, very short ; sterile,
5. Ovary hirsute: style subulate: stigmata 5-fid. Carpels
5, twisted into a spire, externally densely farinoso-tomentose
with stellated hairs, which, when ripe, are easily abraded, free
for a few lines at the apex and dehiscent internally : seeds nu-
merous, oval, compressed, angulated.

A decoction or infusion of the leaves and fruit, may be used
as a substitute for a similar preparation of the Marsh-mallow,
and given as a drink in fevers, consumption, cough, &c. A
decoction of the roots of one species, H. SACAUOLHA, is consid-
ered, in Brazil, as anti-syphilitic.

II. ADANSONIA.

Calyx naked, deciduous, 5-partite. Petals 5, united
as far as the middle. Urceole of the stamens dilatato-
expanded at the upper part. Style very long : stig-
mata many. Capsule indehiscent, woody, 10-celled ;
cells many-seeded, filled with a farinaceous pulp around
the seeds.

Named, in honour of Michael Adanson, a celebrated French
Botanist, author of a Voyage to Senegal, Families des Plantes,
and other works.

90 THALAM1FLOHJE.

1. Adansonia digitata. Baobab, or Monkey Bread-
fruit.

A. Baobab, Gfsrtn. de Fruct. II. 253. t. 135.— A. digitata,
Cav. diss. V. 298. t. 15.

HAB, Cultivated.

FL. June.

The trunk is thickest at the base, where it is frequently 25
feet in diameter. The leaves are composito-palmated, and are
deciduous in the month of November, leaving,' for a time, the
branches bare. Flowers large, white.

The Baobab is to be found in Senegal, and across Africa, as
far as Abyssinia. It has been introduced into this Island, and
may be frequently met with. It is the largest, and, according
to Adanson, the longest lived of organic bodies. This Natural-
ist found some trees in the Magdalene Islands, in the neigh-
bourhood of Goree, which calculating, from some names inscribed
on them, dated in the 14th and 15th centuries, must have survived
upwards of 6000 years. Much has been said, respecting the
valuable properties of different parts of this tree. The Negroes
in Africa dry the young leaves, and mix them in a state of
powder with a dish called couscou, prepared by stewing yams,
or other similar roots with a small portion of animal food, in
order to improve the flavour and taste. They are under the
impression, that they have an effect in moderating excessive
perspiration. Adanson states, that, during his residence in
Africa, he took a pint of the infusion of the dried leaves every
morning and evening ; and he ascribes to this, his having es-
caped fever and diarrhoea, from which his companions suffered
severely. The bees in Abyssinia, according to Bruce, excavate
the steins of the Baobab, and there build their hives ; and he
states, that the honey is more esteemed, than what is procured
from other situations. We are informed, that in Africa, the
trunk, hollowed out, is employed as a coffin for persons of dis-
tinction ; and that the bodies are by this means preserved, as
if they had undergone the process of embalming. The fruit of
the Baobab has received the name of the Monkey Bread-fruit,
from its being a favourite food of that class of animals. It is
about the size of a lemon, "und of a deep brown colour: the
cells are filled with an acid pulp, jqefreshing and agreeable to
the taste, and forming with sugar a cooling drink; resem-
bling lemonade, and much recommended in fevers. It has been
given, according to Goldberry, a traveller in Africa, diffused in
milk or \rater, for hemoptysis, and mixed with tamarinds, for
dysentery, and witht^urn for uterine discharges. We are in-
formed by Dr Frank^that the caravans, which arrive at Cairo
from Darfour and from Nubia, are always provided with a sup-
ply of this fruit, lest dysentery should make its appearance.
When a case occiq$, the patient is immediately confined to a

BOMBACE^;. 91

very sparing diet, and a weak decoction of tamarinds is given
as a drink. Should the symptoms continue, then after some
rhubarb as a laxative, the red and friable spongy part of the fruit
is first given ; and should that fail, then the rind is made into
a paste with water, and frequent doses are taken in the course
of the day. Dr Frank states, that he tried this practice in
several instances ; and in all of them the disease yielded as if
by enchantment.* The Lemnos earth, first noticed by Prosper
Alpinus as an article of the Materia Medica, formerly im-
ported from Ethiopia into Europe, was the dried pulp of this
fruit. The analysis of Vauquelin gives as its composition,
starch ; a gum ; an acid analogous to Malic, but not chrystal-
lizable ; a sugar resembling that of grapes ; and a woody par-
enchyma. (Annales du Museum, VI11. 1.)

III. BOMBAX.

Calyx naked quinquefid or truncated. Petals o,
slightly connected together at the base, and with the
column of the stamens. Stamens many, monadel-
phous, or pentadelphous at the apex. Capsule large,
5-celled, 5-valved, woody, with the cells many-seeded.
Seeds thickly wrapped in wool, album inose. — DC
Cand.

Name, from /3o,a/3u|, one of the Greek names of cotton.

1. Bombax Ceiba. South American Cotton-tree.

Stem prickly, leaves palmate 5-foliate, fruit turbin-
ate concave at the apex.

B. quinatum, Jacq. Amer. 192. t. 176. f. 70 — B. Ceiba, Cav.
diss. V. 296. t. 152. f. 2.

HAB. ? '

FL.

This has long been, I consider incorrectly, regarded as a na-
tive of Jamaica. I have not met with it in any of the districts I
have visited ; and I have no doubt but that its locality is con-
fined to the neighbouring Continent.

IV. ERIODENDRON.

Calyx naked, obtusely ,5-lobed. Petals 5, con-
nected with each other, and with the column of the
stamens. Stamens united at the base into a short

* Dictiomiciire de Maticre Mcdicalo, i. 73.

92 THALAMIFLOKJE.

tube, pentadelphous at the apex, with the brother-
hoods connected throughout, filiform, bearing at the
apex 2-3 linear or winding anthers (so as to resemble
a single anther). In other respects as in the genus,
BOMBAX.

Name, from egiov wool or down, and devfyov a tree.

1. Eriodendron anfractuosum. West India Cotton-
tree.

Anthers anfractuose, leaflets entire, stems generally
aculeate.

Gossypium arboreum maximum spinosum, Sloane, II. 72. —
Bombax foliis digitatis, brachiis erecto-patentibus, Broivne, 277.
— B. pentandrum, Jacq. Amer. 191. t. 176. f. 70 — Cav. cliss. V.
293. t. 151. — Eriodendron anfractuosum, De Cand. Prod. I.
479 Sot. Mag. 3360.

HAB. Common every where.

FL. Beginning of the year.

A lofty tree with the stem straight, columnar, armed when
young with strong acuminate spines ; in some, dividing low
down ; in others rising to the height of 50-80 feet before it gives
off the branches. Occasionally it is ventricose at some distance
from the ground, so that it is thicker there, than it is towards
the root. In old trees, several broad spurs, like buttresses, are
stretched to the distance of several feet or even yards. In
situations where it is sheltered from the east or north, our
prevailing winds, the branches form a large and regular head,
and afford an extensive shade. But where it is less favourably
situated, and especially if the stem be lofty, the branches may
be observed to be deficient on the side which is exposed. The
branches are horizontal or spreading. Leaves palmate : leaf-
lets 6-7, oblongo-lanceolate, glabrous. Flowers very numer-
ous, strewed in great abundance below the trees, during the
period of flowering ; of a pale rose-colour, giving out a peculiar
smell, compared by some to that of cheese, arid by others to that
of primroses. Calyx persistent, obtusely 5-fid, with the seg-
ments unequal. Petals obovato-oblong, shining and tinged
with purple internally, sericeo- pubescent externally, reflected.
Column of the filaments entire and tubular at the base, dividing
into 5 erecto-patent trigonal branches : anthers linear, winding
in different directions, forming three circumvolutions, constitut-
ing a large oblong, apparently single, anther. Ovary concealed
in the tube of the column : style length of the stamens, terete,
purplish : stigmata of 5 lanceolate pellucido-puberulous lobes.
Capsule ovali-oblong, terete, obtuse, 5-celled, 5-valved: valves

BOMBACEJE. 93

approaching to woody, caducous : seed many, subrotund, brown :
wool very abundant.

The specific designation ANFRACTUOSUM, is derived from
AM and FRANCO, and means the winding or bending of a road
or path, in and out, or backwards and forwards.

The leaves are deciduous and fall off early in January. Soon
after, the flowers are produced at the end of the branchlets,
followed by the fruit ; after which the young leaves make their
appearance.

This is a tree of a rapid growth, and is readily propagated from
stakes or posts planted in the ground. A superb row of these
trees, at Belvidere pastures, St Thomas in the East, was
established from posts fixed in the earth, in making a com-
mon rail fence. Perhaps no tree in the world has a more lofty
and imposing appearance, whether overtopping its humbler
companions in some woody district, or rising in solitary gran-
deur in some open plain. Even the untutored children of
Africa are so struck with the majesty of its appearance, that
they designate it the God-tree, and account it sacrilege to injure
it with the axe ; so that, not unfrequently, not even the fear of
punishment will induce them to cut it down. Even in a state
of decay, it is an object of their superstitious fears : they re-
gard it as consecrated to evil spirits, whose favour they seek
to conciliate by offerings placed at its base.

The large stems of this tree are hollowed out to form canoes.
The wood is soft and subject to the attack of insects : but if
steeped in strong lime water, it will last for several years, even
when made into boards or shingles, and in situations exposed to
the influence of the weather. The young leaves are sometimes
dressed by the Negroes as a substitute for okras. The wool
has been employed in stuffing mattresses ; and is said to answer
the purpose equally well as feathers, but to be rather warm.
The caterpillar of the Macaca beetle, considered by some, when
gutted and fried, as a very great delicacy, is to be found in
abundance in the decayed stems of this tree.

V. OCHROMA.

Calyx at the base tubulose subiniundibulifbrm
scarcely 5-cleft, with 3 of the lobes rounded, and 2
somewhat acute. Petals 5 longer than the calyx.
Anthers anfractuose. Stigmata 5. Capsules valvu-
lar clothed within with a silky wool. Seeds oblong.

Name, supposed to be derived from orj^oj yellow, the flowers
being of that colour.

94 THALAMI FLORAE.

1. Ochroma Lagopus. Down- Tree.
Leaves cordate 5-angulato-sublobate denticulated
pubescent beneath.

Swartz, FL Ind. Occ. 1 144. t. 23.- -Browne, 286.

HAB. Common in the lower mountains and in damp situa-
tions.

FL. January, February.

A tree 20-40 feet in height : stem smooth, ash-coloured :
branches comparatively few, patulous, fragile. Leaves large :
petioles horizontally spreading, twice the length of the leaves.
Peduncle terminal, solitary, thick, terete, 3-4 inches long, one-
flowered. Flowers erect, 3-4 inches in length, of a pale
rufescent or yellowish colour. Involucre 3-leaved, deciduous.
Calyx tubulose, approaching to funnel-shape, coriaceous, of a
red-ferruginous colour, internally incano-tomentose, externally
tomentulose with minute stellated hairs : lobes keeled on the
back ; 2 of them subacute ; the other 3 rounded by the margin
being membranaceo-expanded. Petals twice the length of the
calyx, lineari-oblong, wedge-shaped at the base, with the limb
somewhat expanded, thinnish, longitudinally veined, minutely
puberulous, undulated. Filaments united to form a simple
cylindrical angular column ; anthers 5, cohering, spirally twisted
marked with labyrinthine lines, slightly 5-fid at the apex.
Ovary conical, 5-sided ; style cylindrical, 5-sided, enclosed in
the tube of the filaments : stigmata 5, an inch in length, pro-
truding beyond the anthers, spirally twisted and sulcated.
Capsule a foot or more in length, longitudinally channelled, 5-
celled, 5-valved ; valves woolly within, revolute at the margin ;
wool of a pale rufous colour. Seeds many, oblong.

This tree is very rapid in its growth, attaining its full height
in twelve or thirteen years. Its appearance bears some resem-
blance to the Mahoe ; but unlike it, the wood is soft and spungy,
and only adapted as a substitute for cork. It hence is known
by the names of the bombast-Makoe, and Cork-wood. The bark
is well adapted for the purpose of making ropes. The down,
which envelopes the seeds, is collected, and is employed for
stuffing pillows, mattresses, &c. There is no doubt but that it
might be made into cloth, and employed in hat-making and
other manufactures. A gummy juice is said to exude from the
branches when broken.

ORDER XXVI. BYTTNERIACE.'E.

Calyx naked or surrounded by an involucrum ; se-
pals 5, more or less united at the base ; aestivation

BYTTNERIACK.T'. <J5

valvular. Petals 5, or none, hypogynous. Stamens
in number equal, or 2-3 or many times the number
of the sepals or petals, monadelphous : anthers 2-cell-
ed, turned outwards. Carpels 5, rarely 3, or uniting
to form a single ovarium. Styles of the same number
as the carpels. Fruit capsular. Albumen oily or
fleshy, rarely awanting. Embryo straight, with an
inferior radicle : cotyledons leafy, or very thick.

Trees or shrubs : when pubescent, the hairs are star-shaped :
leaves alternate, simple, stipulated. This Order differs very
little from the two preceding, except that the anthers, in this,
are bilocular. Like the Mallow tribe, they give out, when in-
fused in water, a mucilaginous juice. It is from the STKKCULIA
TRAGACANTHA that the gum Tragacanth is obtained. The
flowers of many of the species, such as the ASTRAPCEA WALLI-
CHII, a native of India, are said to be among the most beautiful
in the world.

I. STERCULIA.

Calyx 5-lobed, subcoriaceous. Stamens monadel-
phous, situated on a short sessile or stalked urceole :
anthers 10, 15, 20, in one or two rows, solitary or
ternately aggregate. Ovary stipitate, or sessile. Car-
pels follicular, 5, distinct, 1 -celled 1- or many-seeded,
dehiscent superiorly by a broad slit : albumen of the
seeds oily ; cotyledons plain, leafy, equal. — De Cand.

Name, from STERCULIUS the Roman god of the privy, which
again is derived from STERCUS excrement. The leaves of one
species, and the flowers of another, have a disagreeable foetid
odour.

1. Sterculia acuminata. Cola-nut.

Leaves oblong acuminate very entire glabrous on
long petioles, flowers axillary panicled, anthers bi-
serial sessile, carpels 1 -seeded.

De Cand. Prod. I. 482.

HAB. Cultivated.

F.L. May.

This is a tree of moderate height, introduced into this Island
from the hottest parts of Africa, of which it is a native. The
fruit is known by the names of Cola, Kolla or Colla, and appears
from the writings of the older Botanists to have been imported
and known in Europe, long before they became acquainted

96 THAI. AMI FUMIJE.

with the plant. Mention is made of it by several modern
travellers ; such as Tuckey and Bowdich. It is about the size
of a citron, formed of 5 ovali-reniform carpels, each containing
a single seed, as large as a chestnut, of an ovoid shape, pale red
externally, of a violet tinge internally, and of a fleshy consis-
tence. The natives of the part of Africa where the tree is
indigenous, chew and even eat the seed, which is acrid and
acid to the taste, but has the property of imparting a sweetish
taste to water which is brackish or bitter. In such esteem is
it held, that it is an important article of commere among the
African tribes, and is a common present made by them to Eu-
ropeans. The Cola is stomachic, and sialagogue, and is said to
allay hunger and to be useful in diseases of the liver.

2. Sterculia Ivira. Bastard Mahoe.

Leaves ovate glabrous acuminate entire rarely 3-
lobate, flowers panicled hermaphrodite decandrous,
carpels covered at the base with stiff setose hairs.

Swartz, FL Ind. Occ. 1160.

HAB. Woods near Roaring -River, St Thomas in the East.

FL. ?

II. THEOBROMA.

Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, fornicate. Nectary ur-
ceolate, with 5 horns. Filaments 5, each with two
anthers. Style filiform ; stigma 5 parted. Capsule
5-celled, without valves : seeds in a buttery pulp ;
albumen 0 ; cotyledons thick, oily corrugated.

Name, from Otos God, and /Sgw/xa food, in allusion to the nu-
tritive quality of the beverage obtained from the seeds of the
following species. The Mexicans give it the name of Cacao-
quahuitl ; which has been in a great measure retained in the
word Chocolate.

Theobroma Cacao. Chocolate Nut.
Leaves entire smooth ovate oblong acuminate.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. Throughout the year.

Cacao, Shane, II. 15. t. 160. — Cacao sativa, Lnm. Etic. I.
533.— ///. t. 653 — Cacao minus, Gcertn. de Fruct. II. 190. t.
122.— Theobroma cacao, Linn. Sp. \l()Q.—Bot. Cab. 545.

This is a tree of moderate height, (12-16 feet): the trunk
upright ; the bark brownish ; and the wood light and porous.
Leaves rather large, lanceolate. Flowers small, reddish, ino-
dorous, numerous, scattered over the trunk and branches. The

DYTTNEIUACE/E. 97

fruit is a coriaceous capsule, partaking- somewhat of the form of
a small cucumber, reddish and marked with 10 grooves exter-
nally ; internally there are five compartments filled with a ge-
latinous acid pulp, enveloping the seeds. When ripe, the exter-
nal surface is either a deep red, or a yellow, and the seeds rattle
in the capsule. The tree bears leaves, flowers, and fruit through-
out the year. The usual seasons, however, .for gathering the
fruit, are the months of June and December. The seeds are
25-30 in number ; when fresh, they are of a reddish-brown
colour. They quickly lose their power of vegetation if taken
out of the capsule ; but if kept in it, they preserve it for a con-
siderable time.

The Cacao is a native of the inter-tropical parts of South
America. It there delights in low rich plains, or in warm moist
valleys on the eastern side of the Andes, seldom growing at an
elevation beyond 200 feet above the level of the sea. It is there
in a state of the highest luxuriance, acquiring a height of from 40
to 50 feet. It is now cultivated in all the islands of America, as
well as in India. A moist climate has been found most suit-
able for it. As the root is of a tapering form, going deep in-
to the ground, it generally fails where the land is hard and
clayey. On the contrary, it thrives in a rich black or brownish
mould, containing a certain proportion of sand or gravel.
Where the land, however, is too rich and damp, the trees may
grow to a great size, but they produce very little fruit. It is
of importance also, that the situation be sheltered, as the tree,
from the softness and brittleness of the wood, is apt to suffer
from high winds. Hence a northern exposure has been found
particularly unfavourable. The cacao commences to bear about
the third year, and continues to do so, where the soil is suitable,
and where proper attention to the cultivation has been paid, for
twenty-five or thirty years.

In a plantation, the trees are planted like the Coffee in straight
lines, leaving to each about 12 feet square. As the scorching
rays of the sun are very injurious, it has been found necessary
to plant either the Plaintain or Bannana, or the ERYTHRINA
UMBROSA in the vacant spaces. This last is what is generally
employed in the Caraccas, and is there called the Bticare. As
for pruning, it is necessary to cut off all the old or superfluous
branches, and especially young shoots from the root. The
crop is very uncertain, as the tree is exposed to several diseases,
the most common of which are induced by injuries inflicted by
several kinds of insects, and by parasitic plants.

As the fruit ripens, it is gathered from the tree, either by
the hand, or by means of a forked stick. On the Continent
the pods are buried in the earth for 30 or 40 days, in order that
a fermentation may be induced to remove the mucilaginous
matter which surrounds the seeds, and to destroy the vitality of
the germen. In the West India islands they are satisfied with

98 THALAMIFLOH;E.

collecting the pods in a heap, where it is allowed to ferment
for three or four days. It has been remarked, however, that
the seeds cleaned by the latter method, are of a bad colour, and
have an acrid taste. The shells are then broken, and the seeds
are taken out and freed, by washing, from the mucilaginous
substance with which they are covered. They are then spread
out to dry ; after which they are fit for the market.

The best Cacao comes from Guatimala, Magdalena, and Ma-
racaibo. Next in quality is that from the Caraccas and Trini-
dad ; where it is cultivated to a considerable extent. In this
Island the cultivation has of late somewhat revived. The soil and
climate of several parishes, such as Portland and St George, are
peculiarly well adapted for it. Few objects of cultivation are
more productive. A tree in full bearing, according to Pere
Lebat, will annually yield 150 Ibs. of seeds. If we take 50 Ibs.
as the average of a plantation of 5,000 trees, which will require
about twenty labourers for its management ; — then the produce
of such a plantation will be 250,000 pounds of Cocoa, which, at
the rate of 30s. per 100 Ibs., will give £3,750 sterling.

The cultivation of this plant is peculiarly adapted to small
settlers. Humboldt remarks that the Cacao plantations in
Mexico, have principally been established by persons in humble
circumstances.

The Cacao seeds were made use of by the Mexicans, previ-
ous to the arrival of the Spaniards, boiled with maize, and
roughly bruised between two stones, and eaten, seasoned with
capsicum or honey. On the introduction of sugar, an infusion
sweetened with this substance, to correct the bitterness of the
cacao, came into general use. Soon after, different aromatic
substances such as vanilla, pimento and cinnamon, to heighten
the flavour, and arnotta to improve the colour, were added, and
in this manner the well known paste chocolate came to be pre-
pared. The common method of this country, is, by roasting
the nut in an open pot, then grinding between two stones, and
lastly adding some powdered pimento, and moulding into rolls
with the hand. The more improved method is : after the
seeds (or Cacao) have been properly roasted and freed from
every impurity, to pound them in a mortar, into a coarse
powder which is afterwards ground on a stone to an impalpa-
ble fineness; it is then again heated, and put into cylindrical or
flat moulds, in which it congeals and is fit for use. In the
course of the process, the different aromatic and other ingredi-
ents, already alluded to, may be added. The best chocolate is
said to be prepared in Paris, where steam-power is employed
in crushing the nuts ; rendering the paste more fine and light,
and the difFerentjngredients more intimately mixed.

In preparing the infusion of chocolate for the table, the
Spaniards boil it for several hours over a gentle fire, and, in
drinking it, make use of very little sugar. Prepared in water,

BYTTNERIACE/E. 99

it is easily digested, so as to be recommended for persons in
delicate health, and who have little or no appetite. To render
it more nourishing1, milk, arrow-root, sago, and even wine may
be added. It is a very agreeable beverage to the palate, re-
cruits the strength, invigorates the frame, and is very nutritive.
By a late regulation of the British Navy, a certain proportion
of chocolate was directed to be served out to each man in place
of rum.

I may add, that according to observations of Mr Henley,
chocolate, fresh ground, and cooled in tin vessels, becomes highly
electrical. A drink, sweetened with sugar, is prepared from
the pulp which surrounds the seeds, and is said to be agreeably
cooling and refreshing. The husks of the pods are imported
into Europe, and a decoction is prepared from them, which
serves as a substitute for the more expensive beverage. The
seeds of the Cacao were in former times the only substitute for
coin among the ancient Mexicans. 'Even in the present day,
according to Humboldt, the common people make use of them,
reckoning six seeds as equal to a halfpenny.

III. GUAZUMA.

Calycine sepals 5 distinct or connate into a 2-3-par-
tite calyx. Petals 5, 2-horned at the apex. Stamens
slightly monadelphous at the base, forming a very
short tube dividing into 5 sterile lobes which alternate
with 5 fertile filaments, 3-fid and 3-antherous at the
apex. Styles 5 connivent. Capsule lignose, tubercu-
lated, evalved, 5-celled, pierced with a 10-fold series
of little holes, many-seeded. Seeds ovate. Cotyledons
(according to Kunth) plicate — De Cand.

1. Guazuma ulmifolia. Bastard-cedar.

Leaves pubescent above, tomentose beneath with
stellated hairs.

Alni fructu morifolia arbor, flore pentapetalo flavo, Sloane,
II. 18. — Theobroma guazuma, Hort. Cliff. 379. — Suwtz, Obs.
292. — Bubroma guazuma, Willd. III. 1423. — Guazuma ulmi-
folia, Pers. Enchir. II. 238.

HAS. Common.

FL. After the Spring and Autumnal rains.

A tree, seldom exceeding 15-20 feet in height: branches
spreading, at their extremities terete, stellato- tomentose. Leaves
oblongo-ovate, acuminate, cordate and unequilateral at the base,
unequally serrated, 3-5-ply-nerved at the base, puberulous with
minute stellated hairs above, tomentose especially along the
mid-rib with stellated hairs beneath : petiole terete, stellato-

100 THALAMI FLORAE.

tomentose. Stipules subulato-lanceolate, appressed to the
branch. Raceme axillary, not much longer than the petiole,
subsolitary, subdivided : peduncle very short, compressed, stel-
lato-tomentulose : pedicels about ^th of an inch in length, fili-
form, 1 -flowered. Flowers several, clustered together, small,
yellow. Sepals 5, reflected, lanceolate, bluntish, externally
stellato-tomentulose, connected so as to form a 2-3-partite
calyx. Petals 5, oblong, concave, veined, puberulous, inflected
at the apex as a hood over the stamens and pistil, and termi-
nating in a bipartite tape-like red twisted filament. Stamens
monadelphous at the base, forming a short tube, terminating in
5 sterile lobes, which are lanceolate, acute, erect, alternating
with 5 fertile filaments which are 3-fid and 3-antherous at the
apex : anthers roundish, 2-celled, yellow. Ovary single, glo-
bose, puberulous : style 1 : stigma simple. Capsule'globose, size
of a walnut, tuberculated, cribriform. Seeds ovate, unequal.

This is a very common tree in Jamaica, to be found in every
climate, and thriving in the wet, as well as the most hot and
parched districts. Their growth is encouraged injpastures, as they
not only afford an excellent shade, but cattle feed and thrive on
the foliage and fruit. The capsules, coarsely bruised, are given
to horses as a substitute for corn. Their nutritive property
must be owing to the Mucus, which all parts of the tree, especially
the inner bark and capsules, contain, and which is given out
abundantly on infusion or decoction in water. An infusion of
the bark was very generally employed, some time ago, as a
substitute for gelatin or albumen, in clarifying the cane-juice in
the manufacture of sugar. The grain however was found to
be soft, and liable to deliquesce. A similar infusion has also
been employed medicinally, and given internally as a remedy
for coco-bay, elephantiasis, and other obstinate cutaneous diseases.
An old woman, of French extraction, has of late obtained a great
reputation among the lower classes by giving this infusion in
different complaints, such as Anemia Africanorum (Mai dJ
estomac, or dirt-eating), chronic bronchitis, urinary complaints,
&c. Her character, however, like that of many other quacks,
has rather declined, by her attempting impossibilities, and
promising a cure where the disease was incurable.

As a timber, it splits readily, and is employed for the staves
of sugar hogsheads. The wood is light, and adapted for various
purposes where that quality is desired.

This is called Bois d'orme, or Orme d'Amerique by the
French Colonists, from the resemblance of the leaves to those
of the elm of Europe. The English name is very inappropriate.

IV. AYENIA.

Calx 5 -partite. Pefals with a long claw, arched,
broader above, covered with pedicelled glandules.

BYTTNERIACKJE. 101

Stamineal urceole 10-15-toothed, with 5-10 of the
teeth obtuse and sterile, and the 5 remaining ones
alternate and monantherous. Style 1 : stigma 5--
sided. Carpels 5, bi-valved, 1 -seeded, connivent into
a subglobose echinated fruit : albumen none : cotyle-
dons leafy, convoluted.

Named, in honour of a Duke d'Ayen, a patron of Botany.

1. * Ayenia pusilla. Weak Ayenia.
Leaves ovate somewhat glabrous sharply serrated,
stems prostrate.

Urticae folio anomala, flore pentaphyllo purpureo, fructu pen-
tacocco muricato, Sloane, I. 209. t. 1&2. f. 2.

HAB. Town-Savannah Sloane.

FL. ?

Branching from the root, about 6 inches in length. Flowers
small, purple, axillary, solitary, shortly pedicelled, pendulous.
Sloane states that he found this plant growing among the grass
in the town of Savannah,

2. * Ayenia laevigata. Smooth Ayenia.
Leaves ovate very glabrous entire, urceole exserted
with ten teeth besides the stamens.

Swartz, FL 2nd. Occ. 1131.

HAB. Thickets : rare Swartz.

FL. ?

Flowers axillary, solitary, crimson : pedicels longer than the
petiole.

V. MELOCHIA.

Calyx 5 -fid, naked or with 1-3 bracteas. Petals
5, patent. Stamens 5, monadelphous at the base.
Styles 5. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, with the valves
septiferous : seeds 1-2 in each cell.

Name, derived from the Arabic.

1. Melochia tomentosa. Downy Melochia.

Leaves ovato-oblong crenated plicato-lineated on
both sides hoary-tomentose as also the branchlets,
umbels 3-8 flowered axillary or subterminal.

Abntilon arboreum spicatum betonifje .folio incano, flore

102 TH A LA MI FLO RJE.

ininore purpureo. Sloane, 1. t. 138. f. 2.3. — Melochia frutes-
cens, Browne, 276. — M. tomentosa, Swartz, Obs. 256.— H. B.
ct Kunlh, V. 323 ?

HAB. Dry situations.

FL. After rains, about Autumn.

A slirub about 5 feet in height: branches terete, slender,
of a ferruginous colour, at their extremities tomentose. Leaves
alternate, shortly petiolated, ovato-oblong (or ovato-lanceolate),
rounded and subcordate at the base, obtuse, crenato-serrated,
hoary- tomentose with stellated hairs especially beneath. Sti-
pules setaceo-subulate. Peduncle axillary shorter than the.
petiole, or subterminal, solitary, bearing about 4 shortly pedi-
celled showy purple flowers in umbel. Calyx 5-partite ; divi-
sions linear, acute. Petals 5. Filaments cohering for more
than half their length : anthers oblong, didyruous, yellow.
Styles 5. Capsule angular.

It is probable that our Jamaica plant may be different from
that of the continent, as the specific character of De Candolle
does not apply in every respect to that before us. When in
flower, it is a very beautiful shrub, and deserving of a place in
our gardens.

2. * Melochia pyramidata. Pyramidal-capsuled
Melochia.

Leaves ovato-lanceolate toothed glabrous, pedun-
cles 5-6-flowered longer than the petiole, branches
and petioles puberulous, pubescence generally ar-
ranged in lines decurrent from the leaves.

Abutilon herbaceum procumbens betonicse folio, Sloane, I.
220. t. 139. f. 1. — Melochia herbacea tenuissima ramosa, Browne,
276. — M. pyramidata, Swartz, Obs. 255.

HAB. Road from Spanish- Town to St John's. — Sloane.

FL ?

Suffrutescent, about 2 feet long. Flowers purple. Capsule
pyramidal, 5-sided, with the angles mucronate: cells 1 -seeded.

VI. RlEDLEIA.

Calyx 5-fid, naked or calyculated with 1-3 bracteas.
Petals 5, patent. Stamens 5, monadelphous at the
base. Styles 5. Carpels 5 subconcrete into a 5-
celled 5-valved subglobose capsule, at last distinct,
opening by a longitudinal slit, cocciform, 1-2-seeded,

with the central axis free De Cand.

Flowers yellow or white.

BYTTNERIACEA:. 103

1 . Riedleia inflata. Hop-fruited Riedleia.

Leaves ovate acuminate obsoletely cordate dupli-
cato-serrated villous above hoary and stellato-pilose
along the nerves beneath, peduncle axillary 3-4-fid
many-flowered shorter than the petiole.

Melochia lupulina, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Oec.ll. 1141 Mon-

geotia inflata, H. B. et Kunth. V. 330. t. 484.

HAB. Moist thickets.

FL. January.

Suffrutescent, about 3 feet high, terete, piloso-subtomentose
towards the end of the branches. Leaves alternate, petiolate,
about 4 inches long and 3 broad, ovate, acuminate, cordate,
duplicato-serrated, pubescent above, hoary and stellato-pubes-
cent along the nerves and veins beneath. Peduncles axillary, 3-4
together, shorter than the petiole, bearing several white pedi-
celled flowers in an umbellule. Calyx 5-sided, 5-partite, pu-
bescent, slightly inflated, persistent. Petals oval, shortly clawed,
white with a yellow spot in the centre. Filaments united at
the base, shorter than the petals : anthers didymous. Styles 5,
subulate, twice the length of the filaments. Carpels 5, one-
seeded, situated within the enlarged inflated withered calyx.

2. Riedleia nodiflora. Purple-stemmed Riedleia.

Leaves ovate acuminate serrated subglabrous (when
young minutely appressed puberulous especially be-
neath,) flowers axillary crowded sessile.

Abutilon fruticosum, floribus albis ad alas foliorum congloba-
tis, Sloane, I. 219. t. 135. f. 2. — Melochia nodiflora, Swartz, FL
Ind. Occ. II. 1139.— Mongeotia nodiflora, H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. Am. V. 330. — Riedleia nodiflora, De Cand. I. 491.

HAB. Common in fences.

FL. After rains, throughout the year.

A shrub, 2-3 feet in height, erect: branches alternate,
sub-distichal and gradually shorter towards the end of the
stem, subdivided, terete, purpurascent, minutely puberulous
towards their extremities. Leaves alternate, petiolate, ovate,
rounded at the base, acuminate, serrated, penni-nerved, rugu-
lose, minutely appresso-puberulous especially along the nerves
beneath : petiole \ an inch in length. Stipules lanceolate,
marescent, puberulous, deciduous. Flowers axillary, crowd-
ed, subsessile, small, reddish-white : pedicels about a line in
length, furnished with lanceolate marescent bracteas at the
base. Calyx 5-fid, divisions minutely ciliated, veined, persis-
tent. Petals 5, oblong. Filaments monadelphous : anthers 5,
bilocular. Styles 5. Carpels 5, externally puberulous, united

104 THALAMI FLORA;.

to form a subglobose 5- angular 5-celled capsule ; finally distinct.
Seeds solitary.

3. Riedleia virgultosa. Twiggy Riedleia.

Leaves ovato-lanceolate serrated appresso-villous,
raceme terminal, interrupted, leafless, stem hairy.

R. Jaraaicensis, Bertero, apud De Cand. Prod. I. 492.(?)
Melochia venosa,(?) Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 1137. — Riedleia
venosa,(?) De Cand. Prod. I. 492.

HAB. Road from Norbrook to Dolly-Mohun's Gap, and near
Maryland cooper shop, St Andrew's.

FL. After the May and October rains.

Frutescent : stem about 2 feet in height : branches few, sub-
simple, virgultose, terete, hairy, subtomentose, coloured. Leaves
alternate, with short leafy branchlets in their axils, petiolate,
elongato-ovate, rounded at the base, acute at the apex, serrated,
penni-nerved, rugulose, pubescent along the nerves above,
villous beneath with the hairs rufescent, and appressed ; pe-
tiole terete, villous. Stipules setaceo-subulate. Inflorescence
terminal, interruptedly racemed ; flowers yellow, in clusters,
shortly pedicelled. Common peduncle leafless, elongated,
slightly compressed, villous : pedicels about 2 lines in length,
villous, furnished at the base with a subulate ciliated bractea.
Calyx externally villous ; segments lineari-subulate, acute.
Petals 5, about twice the length of the calyx, obovato-oblong,
entire, shortly clawed. Stamens 5 ; filaments monadelphous ;
anthers 2-celled. Ovary ovate, white, sericeo-villous. Styles 5,
erect : stigmata puberulous. Carpels 5, united into a subglo-
bose 5-lobed 5-celled capsule, afterwards distinct, externally
velutino-villous, apiculated, 1-seeded. Seeds solitary, 3-gonal,
externally to the glass puberulous, black.

I have no doubt but that this is the R. JAMAICENSIS of JBer-
tero, and R. VENOSA of Swartz. I have changed the specific
designation to VIRGULTOSA, as being more appropriate. The
flowers are rather showy. It does not appear to be a very
common plant.

4. Riedleia serrata. Serrated Riedleia.

Leaves ovate sub-cordate irregularly serrated fer-
rugineo-subtomentoso-hirsute, stipules lanceolato-lin-
ear generally the length of the petiole, flowers in
clusters of 3-5 subsessile arranged along a terminal
interrupted spike.

Vent! choix. t. 37. —De Cand. Prod. L 492.

HAB. Savannahs, St Thomas in the Vale.

FL. October— December.

IJYTTNERIACE^E. 105

About 2 feet in height : branches round, tomentoso-hirsute.
Leaves several together, shortly petiolated, 1| inch long, ovate,
scarcely cordate, irregularly serrated, nerved, ferrugineo-hir-
suto-tomentose : petiole ^ of an inch in length. Flowers light
purple, collected in clusters of about 6, sessile, arranged to form
a terminal interrupted spike. Outer calyx of 3 linear green
hirsute leaflets, partially united together at the base. Calyx 5-
cleft, hirsute ; divisions acute. (Both the involucellum and
calyx have, intermixed with the longer hairs, short ones bearing
a capitate ruby-coloured glandule). Stamens united into a
tube : anthers white. Styles 5, filiform, longer than the sta-
mens ; stigmata white, papillose. Capsule subglobose, 5-celled,
with the remains of the styles forming a central apicula.

VII. WALTHERIA.

Calyx 5-fid furnished with a lateral 3-leaved de-
ciduous involucellum. Petals 5. Style 1. Stigma
pencilled. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, 1-seeded.

According to De Candolle, the carpels are originally 5 in
number, but are reduced to 1 by abortion. Named, in memory
of Augustin Frider. Walther, Professor of medicine at Leipsig,
author of a Botanical work, entitled Hortus Proprius, 1735.

1. Waltheria Americana. Shrubby Waltheria.

Leaves ovate or oval plicate unequally dentate to-
mentose, capitules stalked.

Malva Americana abutili folio, flore luteo spicato, foliis hir-
sutioribus, Sloane, II. 218. — Waltheria fruticosa subhirsuta,
Broivne, 276. — Waltheria arborescens, Cav. diss. VI. 170. f. 1.
— W. Indica, Jacq. Ic. Ear. I. 130. — W. Americana, Swartz,
Obs. 25i>.—De Cand. Prod. I. 492.

HAB. Common in dry grass-pieces.

FL. Towards the end of the year.

Shrubby : branches sub-erect, terete, not unfrequently of a
reddish colour, hirsute with stellated hairs. Leaves alternate,
ovate, or the larger ones oval and subcordate, plicate, unequally
subserrato-dentate, nerved, tomentose on both sides: petiole
terete, tomentose. Stipules setaceous, ciliated, deciduous.
Peduncles axillary, solitary, very short or more or less elon-
gated so as to exceed the leaf in length, bearing a crowded
head of small yellow flowers. Leaves of the involucellum
lineari-lanceolate, ciliated, marescent. Calyx persistent, exter-
nally tomentose ; segments acute. Petals spreading, rounded
at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base. Column of stamens

106 THALAMIFLOBJE.

Iialf the length of the petals. Style multifido-pencilled. Cap-
sule 1 -celled, 1 -seeded.

This plant is very common in Guinea-grass pastures, and is
usually to be found in the bundles of grass sent to Kingston.
The heads of flowers, in such situations, are usually subsessile.
In the mountains of St David's and Port-Royal the peduncles
are elongated.

ORDER XXVII. TILIACE.E.

Calyx of 4-5 sepals ; aestivation valvular. Petals
of the same number as the sepals, alternating with
them, usually with a little pit at the base. Stamens
generally indefinite, hypogynous ; anthers 2-celled,
opening with a double longitudinal slit. Disk formed
of glandules equal in number to the petals, and oppo-
site to them, adhering to the stalk of the ovary.
Ovary single composed of 4-10 carpels ; style 1 ;
stigmata as many as the carpels. Fruit dry, multilo-
cular. Seeds several in each cell : albumen fleshy ;
embryo straight ; cotyledons plane, fleshy.

Trees or shrubs, with leaves simple, stipulate, toothed, alter-
nate, and with flowers axillary. Natives principally of the
Tropics. They all possess a mucilaginous juice. The berries
of some are edible ; and the bark of all are remarkable for the
toughness of their fibres, and that of one species is used in
Brazil for tanning.

I. CORCHORUS.

Sepals 5 deciduous. Petals 5. Stamens oo. Style
scarcely any. Stigmata 2-5. Capsule 2-5 valved, 2-5
celled, with the valves septiferous down the middle.
Seeds in two rows.

Name, from xog^ogog, the Greek name of a culinary vegeta-
ble, supposed to be the C. OLITORIUS. — The C. JAPONICUS has
been introduced, and is common in our gardens in the moun-
tains.

1 . Corchorus siliquosus. Long-podded Broom-weed.
Capsules linear compressed glabrous 2-celled 2-val-

TJLIACE.E. 107

ved, leaves ovate or lanceolate-ovate equally serrated,
stem much branched bifario-pilose.

Corchoro affinis chamaedryos folio, flore flamineo, seminibus
atris quadrangularis duplici serie dispositis, Sloane, I. 145. t.
94. f. 1. — Coreta foil is minoribus, Browne, 147. — Corchorus
siliquosus, Swartz, Obs. 219.

HAB. Common; roadsides.

FL. After rains.

Suffruticose, erect, 1-2 feet in height : branches spreading,
subterete, minutely bifario-pilose. Leaves small, ovate or lan-
ceolato-ovate, acuminate with the apex sharp, serrated, 3-nerved
at the base, glabrous : petiole compressed, with a line of pubes-
cence above. Stipules minute, setaceo-subulate. Peduncle
opposite to a leaf, solitary, very short, bearing 1—2 shortly
pedicelled flowers : pedicels longer than the peduncle, furnished
at the insertion with minute setaceo-subulate bracteas. Sepals
5, linear, subulate. Petals 5, clawed, oblong. Stamens very
numerous: filaments capillary: anthers roundish, yellow. Ovary
oblong, green, glabrous : style protruding beyond the stamens,
thick : stigma penicilliform. Capsule nearly 2 inches in length,
compressed, with a line of minute hispid hairs along the sutures
on each side, 4-toothed at the apex with the teeth blunt and
spreading: seeds numerous, small, cubical, angular, black.

According to Linnaeus, the vernal flowers are tetrandrous, 4-
sepalled, and 4-petalled.

2. Corchorus campestris. Savannah Broom-weed.

Capsule linear acute 3-gonal puberulous, 3-celled
3-valved, leaves ovate serrate with the lower serratures
setaceo-apiculated, branches with a single line of pu-
bescence.

HAB. Liguanea: roadsides and pastures.

FL. After the May and Autumnal rains.

Suffruticose, erect, about a foot in height: branches few, al-
ternate, terete, with a line of hairs on one side. Flowers yel-
low. Seeds numerous small.

This species has a considerable resemblance in appearance to
the preceding.

3. * Corchorus aestuans. Horn-beam-leaved Corcho-
rus.

Capsules oblong 3-valved 6-sulcated, leaves subcor-
date ovate-acuminate serrated, lowest serratures ter-
minating in a long bristle. — De Cand.

Triumfetta subvillosa, foliis rotnndioribus undulatis atque

108 THALAMIFLOK-S:.

dentatis, postremas in setas inermes, Browne, 232. t. 25. f. I.
— Corchorus sestuans, Jacq. hort. t. S5.— lVilld. Sp. III. 1216.

HAB. ?

FL. ?

Browne states, that he found this species in our Island ; but
that it is not a common plant. The stem is described as slightly
scabrous, purpurascent ; branches divaricating : leaves cordato-
ovate, serrated, with the lowest serratures setaceous : styles 3,
bifid : capsule, according to Willdenow, " linear, G-angled, (the
angles approximating in pairs) ; and the terminal teeth very
much diverging."

4. Corchorus olitorius. Jew's Mallow.
Capsules oblong subterete glabrous 5-celled 5-val-
ved, leaves ovato-oblong serrated with the two lowest
serratures terminating in long bristles. — De Cand.

Willd. Sp. III. 1214.— De Cand. Prod. I. 5Q*.—Bot. Mag.
2810.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. After rain.

An annual species : stem erect, glabrous. Leaves 2-3 inches
long, varying from oblong to ovate, acute or even acuminate,
thin : petiole often as long as the leaf. Flowers yellow, soli-
tary, shortly peduncled, opposite the leaves : peduncles fur-
nished about the middle with three subulate bracteas. Calycine
sepals spreading. Petals obovato- oblong. Capsules varying
from 1 to 3 inches in length, acuminate : seeds ovate, brown.

This plant may be frequently met with in our gardens ; al-
though it has in a great measure ceased to be cultivated as a
pot-herb. The leaves boiled, afford a very excellent and whole-
some substitute for spinach.

5. Corchorus lanuginosus. Woolly Broom-weed.

Capsules oblongo-conical curved setoso-echinated
with soft woolly hairs, leaves ovato-oblong obtuse to-
mentose undulato-crenato-serrate.

HAB. Common on the windward road, between Albion and
the Eleven Mile-stone. Below Moccha Great House, St
David's.

FL. End of the year.

A shrub, 4-5 feet in height : branches terete, farinoso-to-
mentose with stellated hairs, rufescent. Leaves ovato-oblong,
obtuse, rounded at the base, a few (the lowest and largest) sub-
cordate, undulato-serrated with blunt teeth, penni-nerved, to-
mentulose above, and incano-tomentose beneath with minute
stellated hairs, about 2 inches long and 1 broad : petiole rufes-

TILIACE^E. 109

centi-toraentose. Stipules short, setaceo-subulate, deciduous.
Peduncle opposite to a leaf, shorter than the petiole, bearing about
8 pedicelled bright yellow flowers in a kind of umbel. Brac-
teoles setaceous, small, at the base of the pedicels. Calycine
sepals oblongo-lanceolate, externally farinoso-tomentose with
stellated hairs. Petals oblong, concave, undulato-crisped at
the apex. Stamens numerous, slightly cohering at the base :
anthers 2-lobed, versatile. Ovary oblong, compressed, incano-
villous ; style longer than the stamens ; stigma obtuse. Cap-
sule oblongo-conical, curved so as to resemble the form of the
Cornu-copia, lanuginose, 4-valved, 4-celled, the valves septifer-
ous down their middle : the hairs which cover the capsule seta-
ceous, (to the glass) covered with minute stellated hairs. Seeds
uniserial ? about 5 in each locule, compressed.

This species may be referred to the fifth section of the genus
according to the arrangement of De Candolle. It is a handsome
shrub, and it is remarkable that it has not sooner been noticed
as one of our native plants.

The fibres of the inner bark are very strong, and might be
employed as a substitute for hemp, as is done in India with
that of the Corchorus capsularis in making fishing lines and

II. TRIUMFETTA. Bur-weed.

Calycine sepals 5, obtuse, or frequently apiculated
below the apex. Stamens 10-30, free, or slightly
united at the base. Ovary subrotund: style 1.
Carpels 4, united into a capsule, echinated with bris-
tles hooked at the apex : seeds 1-2 in each carpel ;
embryo inverted. — De Cand.

Named, by Plumier in memory of Giav. Battista Triumfetti,
Prefect of the Botanic Garden at Rome, Author of the Hortus
Romanus, and other works.

1. Triumfetta Lappula. Common Bur-weed.

Flowers apetalous, leaves cordate subrotund une-
qually dentate subvillous sub-3— 5-lobate with the
lobes acuminate.

Agrimonia Lappacea inodora, folio subrotundo dentato,
Sloane, I. 211. — Triumfetta Lappula, Jacq. Amer. 146.

HAB. Common weed in waste places.

FL. Greater part of the year.

Suffruticose, erect, 4-5 feet in length : branches spreading,
slightly compressed, strigoso-villous with stellated hairs.
Leaves subrotund, subcordate, imperfectly 3— 5-lobed, with the

HO THALAMIFLOR.S:.

lobes acuminate, 3-5-nerved, unequally dentate with a few of
the teeth near the petiole glandular and cupshaped, velvety
above, and incano-villous with stellated hairs beneath. Petiole
2-2^ inches long, terete, villous. Raceme axillary and terminal,
compound ; divisions 3-1 proceeding from the same point, each
bearing shortly pedicelled dirty-yellow rather small flowers.
Bracteas small lanceolate, at the divisions of the raceme, and
at the base of the pedicels. Calycine sepals 5, lineari-ob-
long, apiculated below the blunt apex, externally puberulous.
Petals 0. Stamens 10, yellow, length of the calyx, spreading.
Ovary hispid with hooked hairs : style longer than the stamens :
stigma bifid. Capsule not separating into carpels : seed solitary.
The young shoots or leaves of this, as well as of the two
following species, infused in cold water, are rendered glary and
mucilaginous. A leaf applied to each cheek, for a few minutes,
produces a colour which might rival that of rouge. The bark
is strong, and has been employed in making cordage. From
the tenacity with which the capsules hook themselves on the
clothes of travellers, the French Colonists give the plant the
name of " Les Cousins."

2. Triumfetta semitriloba. Mallow-leaved Bur-weed.

Leaves ovate 3-lobed calloso-serrated velvety on
both sides, calycine sepals pubescent subapiculated,
capsules globose echinated with bristles hispid with
reverted hairs.

Triumfetta villosa, floribus ternatis, Browne, 233. — T. semi-
triloba, Jacq. Amer. 147.

HAB. Common, with the last.

FL. Throughout the year.

Suffruticose, erect, sometimes 6-7 feet in height, strigoso- vil-
lous with stellated hairs. Leaves ovate, 3-lobed with the mid-
dle lobe the longest, acute, 3-nerved, serrated, stellato-hirsute
above, stellato-velutine beneath : petiole about 2 inches long.
Raceme axillary terminal, compound : divisions in threes, each
of 3 shortly pedicelled flowers, with 3-5 lanceolate bracteas.
Calycine sepals 5, oblong, apiculated, puberulous, striated, ful-
vous. Petals 5, oblong, yellow, erect. Filaments 16, longer
than the petals, minutely papillose : anthers heart-shaped, yel-
low, with a crimson spot in the centre. Carpels, when ripe,
separable.

The lower leaves are sometimes 5-lobed, and the upper ones
undivided.

TILIACEJE. Ill

3. Triumfetta rhomboidea. Rhomb-leaved Bur-
weed.

Leaves rhomboidal lower ones sub-5-lobed, middle
ones sub-3-lobed, the upper ones oblong, all of them
calloso-serrated stellato-velutine on both sides and
somewhat wedge-shaped at the base, flowers axillary,
capsules echinated subpilose 6-celled.

Jacq. Amer. 147. t. 90.— Lindl. coll. t. 29.— De Cand. Prod.
I. 507 — T. rhombesefolia, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 863.

HAB. Common.

FL. Throughout the year.

A shrub, erect, 3—4 feet in height: branches subdichotomous,
strigose, purpurascent. The upper leaves shortly petiolate, or
subsessile, ovate or ovato-lanceolate ; the lower ones on long pe-
tioles, broad, rhomboidal, obscurely 3-5-lobed ; in both, entire at
the base, calloso-serrated, rugose, stellato-pubescent : petiole of
the same length as the leaf. Peduncles axillary, 3 together, 3-
fid, very short, unequal : flowers very numerous, aggregate-
racemose, on short pedicels. Calycine sepals with a conical
apicula below the apex, linear, pubescent, coloured, reflected.
Petals 5, oblong, with a short hairy claw, patulous, rather
shorter than the sepals. Filaments 15, length of the sepals,
papillose, erect, yellow : anthers 2-celled, transversely dehis-
cent. Ovary hispid with herbaceous hooked hairs; style erect,
length of the stamens : stigma 3-cuspidate. Capsule globose,
6-celled : seeds solitary, angulated.

I have uniformly found the stigma 3-cuspidate, and the
capsule 6-celled. According to Swartz and Jacquin the stigma
is simple and acute, and according to the first mentioned author
the capsule is usually 3-, but also sometimes 4-5 or 6-celled.

III. MUNTINGIA.

Calyx 5-7 partite, deciduous. Petals 5-7. Sta-
mens oo, free. Ovary sessile globose surrounded at
the base with a circle of hairs. Style 0. Stigma ca-
pitato-radiate persistent. Berry 5-celled, cc -seeded.
Seeds minute nidulant in a pulp. Embryo small. —
De Cand.

Named after Abraham Munting, Professor of Botany at
Groeningen.

1. Muntingia calabura. Jamaica Muntingia.

Loti arboris folio angustiore, rubi flore, fructu polysperrno

112 THALAMI FLORAE.

umbilicato, Sloane, II. 80. t. 194.— Muntingia fruticosa villosa,
foliis serratis oblongis uno latere brevioribus, Browne, 245. —
M. calabura, Gceitn. 1. t. 59. Jacq. Am. t. 107. Swartz, Obs.
211.

HAB. Common on the low dry hills.

FL. Throughout the year.

A tree about 15 feet in height : brandies horizontally spread-
ing, villoso-tomentose with viscoso-capitate hairs at their extre-
mities. Leaves alternate, shortly petiolated, oblongo-lanceolate,
acuminate, unequal and sub-cordate at the base, nerved, deep
green and pubescent above, rufescenti-tomentose with viscid
hairs beneath. Stipules twice the length of the petiole, seta-
ceous. Peduncles supra-axillary, 2-3 together, 1-2 inches
long, terete, viscoso-villous, one-flowered. Flowers white.
Bracteas 3-4, at the base of the peduncles, setaceo-subulate.
Calyx 5-7 partite nearly to the base ; divisions lanceolate, at-
tenuated at the apex, externally villoso-pubescent, internally
concave, deciduous. Petals of the same number as the calycine
lobes, spreading,slightly clawed at the base, roundish, undulated
at the margin. Filaments numerous, erect : anthers yellow,
didymous. Ovary globose, lobulated, encircled at the base
with a hairy ring : stigma sessile. Berry, size of a gooseberry,
green.

IV. BANCROFTIA.

Calycine sepals 8, persistent. Petals 8. Stamens
8, hypogynous. Style short : stigma radiato-6-fid.
Berry 6-celled, co-seeded : seeds minute, nidulant in
the pulp.

Named, in honour of Dr Edward Nathaniel Bancroft of Ja-
maica, a zealous cultivator of Botany, as well as the other bran-
ches of Natural History, and author of several esteemed works
on medical subjects.

1 . Bancroftia diffusa. Spreading Bancroftia.

HAB. Morce's Gap, and road to New-Haven, St George's.

FL. October.

Stem herbaceous, suffruticose at the base, several feet in
length, supporting itself on neighbouring shrubs : branches
long, terete, glabrous. Leaves alternate, petiolate, ternate,
with the middle leaf the longest ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminate,
subentire, nerved, glabrous : common petiole about 2 inches in
length, terete, glabrous : petiolules of the leaflets short. Ra-
cemes terminal, simple, 6-8 inches in length : flowers shortly
pedicelled, greenish-white : common peduncles angulose : pedi-
cels half an inch in length, furnished at the base with a linear
bractea of the same length. Sepals 8, narrow, lanceolate, per-

TERNSTRCEMIACEJE. 113

sistent. Petals 8, longer than the sepals, broad-lanceolate.
Stamens 8, hypogynous : filaments subulate : anthers small,
white. Ovary globose, green : style very short : stigma 6-
cleft, spreading, persistent. Berry globular, green, 6-celled,
rather larger than a black currant i seeds very numerous, small,
roundish, compressed, black, buried in the pulp.

ORDER XXX. TERNSTRCEMIACE.E.

Calycine sepals 5, concave, unequal, coriaceous, im-
bricated, obtuse, persistent, generally bracteolated.
Petals 5, inserted on a hypogynous disk, often com-
bined at the base. Stamens eo, hypogynous ; filaments
short ; anthers bilocular. Ovary ovate : styles 2-5.
Fruit ovato-globose, with the cells corresponding in
number with that of the styles, either a dry berry and
indehiscent, or a capsule and dehiscent. Seeds oc,
attached to a central column : albumen none, or in a
very small quantity : embryo straight, bowed, or fold-
ed back, with the radicle turned to the hilum : coty-
ledons oblong.

Trees or shrubs, with alternate exstipulated coriaceous
leaves, and flowers peduncled axillary and terminal.

I. TERNSTRCEMIA.

Calycine sepals 5-6, bibracteolated at the base.
Petals 5-6, coalescing at the base. Stamens co in two
rows : anthers adnate, oblong, glabrous. Styles united
into 1. Berry dry, 2-celled ; cells 3-4-seeded. — De
Cand.

Trees, natives of America: with the peduncles 1 -flowered,
bracteolated at the base. — Named, in honour of Ternstrrem, a
Traveller in China. Lunan.

1. Ternstroemia meridionalis. West India Tern-
strcemia.

Leaves very entire obovate subemarginate, pedun-
cles scarcely longer than the flowers.

114 THALAMlFLORiE.

Swartz, Prod. 81.— Obs. 207.

HAB. Port-Royal mountains ; below Trafalgar house.

FL. September.

A tree about 20 feet in height : branches irregular, spread-
ing, subterete, glabrous, slightly verrucose. Leaves situated
towards the ends of the branchlets, alternate, petiolate, obovate,
attenuated at the base, rounded and sometimes subemarginate
at the apex, entire with the margin concave, coriaceous, nerve-
less, almost veinless, very glabrous, shining above, 2-3 inches
long: petiole plane above. Peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-
flowered, terete, about, an inch in length, drooping. Flowers
rather showy, white, fragrant. Calycine sepals 7, persistent ;
the two outer ones small, ovate ; the other five roundish, thick,
almost cartilaginous, green, concave, shining. Petals 5, united
at the base to form a submonopetalous corolla, spreading,
longer than the calyx, subemarginate, deciduous. Stamens nu-
merous, submonadelphous, accrete to the base of the petals,
with which they are inserted on the torus, encircling the base
of the ovary: filaments £ of an inch in length, subulate, free
at the apex, and bearing on each side, about the middle, a linear
pollenary locule or anther. Ovary conical, 2-celled : ovules
cochleate, attached to the septum : style erect, longer than the
stamens, thick, subulate: stigmata 2. Berry (?) juiceless,
conical, enclosed within the persistent calyx, falling, when ripe,
without separating into valves : seeds silky.

2. Ternstrcemia crenata. Crenated Ternstrcemia.

Leaves ovato-lanceolate acuminate with the apex
blunt serrato-crenated nerved, peduncles axillary
scarcely longer than the flowers 5-bracteolated.

HAE. Road to Cold-Spring.

FL. March.

A tree, about 20 feet in height : branches spreading, angu-
lose at their extremities, glabrous. Leaves at the ends of the
branches, petiolate, ovato-lanceolate, acuminate with the apex
blunt, crenulato-serrate, very glabrous and shining above, glab-
rous or faintly puberulous along the midrib beneath, nerved,
and minutely reticulato-venose : petiole subterete, plane above.
Peduncles axillary, solitary, usually shorter than the petiole,
terete, 1-2-flowered : flowers white, fragrant. Bracteoles 5,
small, scale-like, rounded, imbricated, appressed to the base of
the calyx, ciliated, and pectinulated with a row of minute glan-
dules mixed with the hairs. Calycine sepals 5, twice the
size of the bracteoles, roundish, ciliated and pectinulated with
minute glandules, imbricated. Petals 7-9, (two or more of
them as if supplementary, being situated more interiorly and
somewhat smaller), oblong, rounded at the apex, cohering to-
gether and with the base of the stamens. Stamens oc, in 3

TERNSTRfEMIACEJE. 115

rows (the innermost being the shortest), monadelphous : fila-
ments subulate : anthers minute, oval. Ovary conical, yellow,
silky-pubescent : style erect, length of the stamens, puberulous :
stigma green, subcapitate, crenato-corrugated.

I have no hesitation in referring' this to the above genus; al-
though it differs in several particulars from the preceding spe-
cies. The peduncle varies in length. '

II. FREZIERA.

Calycine sepals 5, bibracteolated. Petals 5, broad
at the base, free. Anthers adnate, glabrous, subcor-
date. Style 3-5-fid at the apex. Berry 3-5-locular.

Trees, natives of America, of the habit of the Laurel kind,
with axillary peduncles.

1. Freziera thaeo'ides. Tea-like Freziera.

Leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends serrulato-
dentate glabrous, pedicels axillary sub-solitary 1-
flowered.

Eroteum thaeo'ides, Swartz, Prcd. 85. — F. thseoides, Swartz,
Fl. Ind. Occ. 972.

HAB. The higher mountains,

FL. January — July.

A tree, seldom more than 20 feet in height : branches terete,
glabrous, subflexuose. Leaves alternate, petiolate, 2-3 inches
in length, elliptic, acuminate at both ends with the apex blunt,
obtusely serrated with the serratures apiculated, stiff, ob-
scurely nerved arid veined : petiole short. Peduncles axillary,
solitary (but apparently 2-3, from 2-3 leaves being crowded
together, and 1-2 of them having dropt off), l^flowered : flowers
nodding, of a greenish-yellow colour. Sepals somewhat un-
equal, roundish, concave, minutely ciliated, coriaceous, persis-
tent : bracteoles 2, at the base of the calyx, linear, much small-
er than the sepals. Petals larger than the sepals, roundish,
concave, minutely ciliated. Filaments numerous, unequal in
length, capillary, 6-10 attached to the base of each petal : an-
thers small, acute or beaked at the apex. Ovary roundish-
conical : style 3-4-fid at the apex : stigmata simple. Berry
size of a small cherry, globose, purple, jnicy, 3-4-celled : seeds
many, angulated.

This is by no means a very showy tree. The leaves are as-
tringent, and in taste resemble those of the Thea viridis.

<2. Freziera (?) dioica. Dioecious Freziera.
Dioecious, leaves oblong emarginate distantly ere-

116 THALAM [FLORAE.

nato-serrated, pedicels axillary solitary bearing about
8 flowers in a head.

HAB. Tweedside road, opposite Sheldon Works, Port-Royal.

FL. May.

A tree, about 20 feet in height: branches subterete, ash-
coloured, glabrous. Leaves crowded at the ends of the
branches, petiolate, oblong, acute at the base, rounded and
emarginate at the apex, distantly serrato-crenated, coriaceous,
nerved and veined, very glabrous, about 4 inches long and 2
broad : petiole short, terete, slightly grooved above. Pedun-
cles axillary, solitary, not so long as the petiole, compressed,
bearing about eight small greenish shortly pedicelled flowers in
a head. Calycine sepals imbricated : the outer ones 4-5, much
smaller than the others, rounded ; the inner ones 4-5, oval, ob-
tuse. Petals usually 5, smaller than the inner sepals and al-
ternating with them, inserted on a hypogynous disk, oblong,
obtuse, horizontally spreading. Stamens 0. Ovary conical :
style scarcely any : stigma obtuse, subentire. Berry (drupe ?)
size of a gooseberry, spherical mono-pyrene, nut 2-celIed, with
one of the cells abortive : seeds solitary, orbiculate, compressed :
embryo lamellated;

I have met with only one tree of this species. A distinguished
Botanist, to whom I submitted some rather imperfect speci-
mens, coincided with me in opinion, that it approached in some
respects to the genus to which I have for the present referred
it.

III. GORDONIA.

Calycine sepals 5, bibracteolated at the base, coria-
ceous rounded. Petals 5, subadnate with the urceole
of the stamens. Style 1. Stigmata 5. Capsule 5-
celled, 5-valved, with the cells 2-seeded. Seeds ex-
panded at one end into a leafy wing.

Name, in honour of James Gordon, a correspondent of Lin-
naeus, and a Nurseryman in the neighbourhood of London.

1. Gordonia hasmatoxylon. Blood-wood.

Peduncles thick very short, leaves petiolate ovato-
lanceolate acuminate serrate, petals distinct, styles 5
distinct, fruit oblongo-ovate subpentagonal, cells 2-
seeded.

Swartz, FL 2nd. Occ. 1199.
HAB. Mountains, not uncommon.
FL. January — March.

TERNSTRCEM1ACE7E. 117

A tree 20-30 feet in height, erect, with spreading branches :
branchlets terete towards their extremities, pubescent. Leaves
alternate, petiolate, 2i-3 inches long, ovato-lanceolate, some-
times ovate, acuminate with the apex blunt, serrated but entire,
and with the margin re volute, towards the base, obscurely nerved,
glabrous and shining above, minutely appresso-puberulous, and
when young pubescent along the mid-nerve beneath : petiole
short, plane above, when young pubescent. Flowers large,
showy, white. Peduncles axillary, solitary, very short, thick,
terete, pubescent, 1-flowered. Calyx furnished externally with
2 roundish concave early-deciduous bracteoles : sepals 5 ; the
outermost one the smallest, and like the bracteoles deciduous ;
the innermost one petaloid ; all of them roundish, concave, ex-
ternally greenish and sericeo-pubescent, ciliated, imbricated.
Petals 5, obcordate, longer than the sepals. Stamens nume-
rous, hypogynous : filaments subulate, slightly monadelphous,
inserted with the petals on the receptacle : anthers minute,
reniform, oscillatory. Ovary ovate, incano-pubescent : styles
5, very short, diverging horizontally : stigmata obtuse, green.
Capsule oblongo-ovate, 5-sided : cells 2-seeded.

This is said to be a valuable timber tree. The wood is of a
blood-red colour, and from its great hardness, has, in common
with a number of other trees, received the name of the Iron-
wood. The leaves, previous to being shed, acquire a red colour.
When in flower it forms a conspicuous ornament of the forest,
especially in some of the mountain districts of St George's ; the
snow-white of the blossoms contrasting with the deep green of
the leaves.

2. Gordonia villosa. T^illous Gordonia.

Peduncles thick short villous, leaves subsessile ob-
longo-obovate obtuse serrated villous, petals distinct,
styles 5 distinct, fruit oblong, cells 5-seeded.

HAB. Morse's Gap.

FL. October — December.

An erect shrub, 5—8 feet in height : branches erect, terete,
towards their extremities villous. Leaves alternate, subsessile,
somewhat obovate, obtuse, serrated coriaceous, glabrous and
shining above, villous beneath, almost nerveless. Flowers large,
white, showy, axillary, solitary, shortly peduncled. Peduncles
^th of an inch in length, terete, villous. Bracteoles 2, round-
ish, concave, externally villous, early-deciduous. Calycine se-
pals 5, imbricated, the innermost the largest, roundish, concave,
externally villous, ciliated. Petals 5, obovate, externally se-
riceo- villous. Stamens numerous; filaments subulate, villous
and slightly monadelphous at the base. Ovary superior, of
five slightly connected carpels, sericeo-villous : styles 5, short :

118 THALAMIFLOR^;.

stigmata green, bi-lobed. Capsule oblong, an inch in length,
5-valved with the valves, as in the preceding species, septife-
rous : cells 5-seeded : seeds compressed, furnished with a deli-
cate oblong wing.

ORDER XXXI. CAMELLIE.E.

Calycine sepals ,5-7, during aestivation imbricated,
the inner generally larger, subconcave, coriaceous, de-
ciduous. Petals 5-6-9. Stamens GO, at the base,
polyadelphous or monadelphous. Ovary 1. Styles
3-6, more or less united. Capsule 3-celled, opening
with 3 valves, by abortion 3-seeded. Seeds few, large,
attached to the axis. Embryo straight, the radicle
turned to the hilum. Cotyledons thick, large, filled
with oil De Cand.

This Order has, with great propriety, been united by some
Botanists with TERNSTR<EMIACE,E.

1. Thea. .Tea.

Calycine sepals 5-6. Petals 6-9, in two or three
series. Stamens somewhat free at the base. Anthers
roundish. Capsules 3-coccous,, 3-valved ; valves in
their middle septiferous. — De Cand.

Name, from TEHA, the Chinese designation of the plant.

1. Thea Viridis. Green Tea.

Leaves elliptico-lanceolate coriaceo-membranaceous
convex undulated, flowers solitary nodding. — Hooker.

Sot. Cab. t. 227.— Woodr. Med. Bot. Suppl. 116. t. 256.—
Booth, Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. VII. 558.— Hooker, Bot. Mag.
3148 — De Cand. Prod. I. 530. Spreng. Syst. Veg. II. 603.

HAB. Naturalized at Cold- Spring, St Andrew's mountains.

FL. May.

A shrubby tree, 8-10 feet in height, with a smooth bark,
very much branched and spreading, resembling the common
Guava in its mode of growth. Leaves alternate, shortly
petiolated, elliptico-lanceolate, blunt, finely serrated, dark
green and shining above, paler beneath, subrugose, nerved, 3i

CAMELLIE.E. 119

inches long, and 1| broad. Flowers pedunded, axillary, soli-
tary, drooping1, rather large, white, slightly fragrant. Peduncle
half an inch in length. Sepals 6, green, roundish, concave.
Petals 9 (according to some Botanists, usually 6), roundish,
slightly clawed, in 2 or 3 series, of which the outer are smaller
and greenish, the inner of a pure white. Stamens unequal in
length, fixed on the base of the petals, subcoalescing among
themselves at the base. Ovary small, spherical, puberulous,
3-celled, each cell containing two ovules ; styles 4, combined
below, free above : stigmata obtuse. Capsule size of a chesnut,
3-lobed, 3-celled, 3-valved ; valves coriaceous, bearing the septa
from their middle. Seeds large, of a chesnut colour, usually
(sometimes from abortion only one) attached to a 3-quetrous
central column.

De Candolle has been led into a mistake, in considering, that
the divisions of the capsule are formed by the involuted margins
of the valves.

The Tea Plant was introduced into the Garden at Cold-
Spring by the late M. VV alien, Esq. The house had for many
years fallen into decay, and the garden was neglected and
allowed to grow up in weeds. Notwithstanding this, on clear-
ing the land, for the purpose of planting it in Coffee, about two
years ago, the Tea trees were found to have survived, and
young plants to have grown up. They are now in a very thriving
condition, flowering and perfecting their seeds ; and a supply of
young plants may at any time be procured.

The Tea is a native of the temperate districts of China, and
Cochin-China, and as far north as the 45° of latitude in Ja-
pan. In the neighbourhood of Canton it is seldom met with.
There cannot be a doubt but that the cultivation would succeed
in our cooler mountains, and it is probable that when the price
of labour becomes less, that a supply may be obtained sufficient
for our own wants. The Chinese, in the cultivation of the
Tea, plant the seeds during the month of February, either along
the borders of their fields, or, where it is grown in a large scale,
in the open plain. They prefer a southern exposure, in the
neighbourhood of a stream or rivulet.

According to Dr Abel, the green Tea of the shops may be
obtained from the species before us, as also from the Tltea bohea.
The leaves of the former however are preferred. According
to Mr Millet, a gentleman resident at Canton, in a letter to Sir
William Hooker, the varieties of Teas depend on the soil,
culture, mode of preparation, and above all from the part of
the shrub, whence the leaves are pulled. From the same plant,
three crops are annually collected ; the first affords the finer teas,
and takes place in June; the second in July; and the third in
August. The strongest description of tea is procured from
the buds and unexpanded leaves. According to Dr Abel, the

120 THALAMIFLOKjE.

Chinese give it the name of Yutien ; it scarcely colours water,
and it is only used on occasions of ceremony.

There are two processes described as employed by the
Chinese in preparing the Tea for market. According to the
first, a few pounds of the leaves are put into a heated pan, and
shifted by the hands of the operator as quickly as possible. As
soon as the heat becomes too great, they are thrown out, and
a few at a time are rolled between the palms of the hands,
while assistants are fanning in order to cool them more quickly.
This process is repeated several times till the leaves become
quite dry. On every repetition the heat of the pan is diminished.
The second method describes the leaves as plunged into boiling
water for half a minute : after they are partially dry, they are
rolled with the fingers, and thrown on heated plates, where they
are kept constantly stirred with the hand till the desiccation is
completed, and occasionally taken off and rubbed between the
fingers in the heated state. The process, according to either
method, is rapidly performed, so that, in China, a man usually
manufactures 600 Ibs. a week, for six months.

According to Ksempfer, the Japanese employ the flowers of
OLEA FRAGRANS, fragrant olive, now commonly cultivated in
our gardens, to give a higher flavour to their Teas.

The infusion of Tea has long been a favourite beverage. Its
effects are soothing and exhilarating, and it has a decided effect
in facilitating digestion. When taken in excess and in a strong
infusion, it produces a state of nervous excitement, attended with
accelerated circulation, insomnolency, convulsions, and other bad
consequences. It is remarked in China, that persons addicted
to its excessive use, are debilitated, of a leaden complexion,
with the teeth black, and subject to diabetes.

A strong infusion of green tea is sometimes employed as an
injection in leucorrhrea, and as a lotion in mild ophthalmia. The
Chinese employ the inferior descriptions of tea in dyeing black ;
and to revive the colour of Nankin.

The analysis of the leaves gives, extractive, mucilage, a good
deal of resin, gallic acid, and tannin. According to experiments
made in the Royal Institution of London, green Tea is more
astringent than black, and contains more soluble matter. It is
a vulgar error to suppose that the former contains copper, as
none can be detected on analysis, and the plates on which the
leaves are dried, are either of earth or iron.

For a very good account and figure of the Tea plant, the
reader is refered to Sir W. Hooker's Botanic Magazine. The
only fault in the representation is that the leaves ought to have
been of a much deeper green.

OLACINE/E. 121

ORDER XXXII. OLACINE^E.

Calyx monosepalous, subdentate, at first small, af-
terwards enlarged or berried. Petals 4-6, hypogy-
nous, subcoriaceous, with a valvular aestivation, either
free, or binately united ; disk hairy. Stamens 3-10,
hypogynous or epipetalous : filaments compresso-sub-
ulate : anthers cordato-oblong, erect, 2-celled. Ovary
free, 1-celled, 3-ovuIed : style 1, filiform. Fruit sub-
drupaceous, indehiscent, frequently surrounded with
the enlarged or berried calyx, by abortion I -celled,
1 -seeded: seed pendulous, umbilicated at the base :
albumen fleshy, large; embryo small, included within
the albumen, ovoid, basilary ; radicle directed to the
umbilicus ; cotyledons continuous. — De Cand. abbr.

Trees or shrubs, glabrous ; leaves simple, petiolate, alternate,
exstipulated, entire, very rarely none ; flowers small, axillary.

1. Ximenia montana. Mountain-Plum.

Peduncles racemose many-flowered unarmed, leaves
oblong ernarginate with an awn in the indentation.

X. multiflora, Jacq. Amer. 106. t. 177. f. 81 — X. Americana,
De Cand. Prod. I.

HAB. Not uncommon ; Port-Royal Mountains.

FL. August.

A tree with the stem erect ; the branches spreading, terete,
angulose, verrucose, and glabrous at their extremities. Leaves
alternate, or 2-3 together on short lateral tubercle-like branch-
lets, petiolate, lanceolato-oblong, somewhat acute at the base,
the apex in some rounded and mucronate, in others emarginate
with an awn, entire, glabrous, nerved, obscurely veined, nearly
3 inches long and scarcely one broad : petiole one-fourth of an
inch long, terete, channelled above with the edges of the groove
margined. Raceme axillary, subterminal, solitary, simple, about
twice the length of the petiole : flowers yellow, green, shortly
pedicelled ; common peduncle angulose. Calyx minute, 4 -fid.
Petals 4, lineari-oblong, recurved at the apex, internally vil-
lous. Stamens 8, hypogynous, length of the petals ; filaments
delicately capillary : anthers linear. Ovary subulato-conical,
glabrous, 8-angulose at the base ; style length of the stamens,
erect ; stigma obtuse. Drupe size of the Plum of Europe,

122 TH ALA MI FLORAS.

yellow, smooth, shining, 1-seeded ; pulp watery, of a pleasant
sweet subacid taste ; seed large, white.

The above description agrees pretty closely with that, of
XIMENIA MULTIFLORA, by Jacquiri : I never could detect, how-
ever, thorns on any of the trees I met with — The plum pro-
duced by this species is very agreeable to the taste, and not in-
ferior to the common varieties of that of Europe. There is a
slight astringency with a pleasant acidity. It is well deserving
of notice, and I doubt not, but that it might .be rendered by
cultivation a very superior fruit.

2. * Ximenia inermis ? Unarmed Ximenia.
Pedicels 1-flowered, leaves ovate.

Amyris 3 Arborescens, foliis ovatis, glabris, vetustioribus

confertis, petiolis submarginatis, floribussolitariis, Browne, 209.

HAB. Near Rio Grande, Browne. — Manchioneal Bay, A,
Robinson.

FL. ?

Browne states that this is a shrubby tree; 8-9 feet high; leaves
an inch in length, crowded together on the branchlets ; perianth
5-cleft. In Mr A. Robinson's plant, as quoted by Mr. Lunan,
the flowers are in umbels on a short peduncle ; the ovary 4-
celled ; style quadragonal ; and stigma quadrate. The plants,
in both instances, may prove to be merely varieties of the pre-
ceding species.

II. ICACINA?

Calyx minute, 5-fid, persistent. Petals 5, alter-
nating with the teeth of the calyx, oblong, villous in-
ternally especially at the base. Stamens 5, alternat-
ing with the petals ; anthers cordate. Ovary situated
on an annular disk, 1 -celled.

Named, from a fancied resemblance between the fruit of I.
SENEGALENSIS, and that of CHRYSOBALANUS JCACO.

1. Icacina dubia. Doubtful Icacina.

Leaves lanceolate subacuminate with a pustulose
blister in the axils of the nerves, flowers panicled ax-
illary.

HAB. Port-Royal and St David's mountains.
FL. May.

A shrub about 6 feet in height : branches loose, subtereto,
glabrous, papillose, compressed towards their extremities.

AURANTIACE.S:. 123

Leaves alternate, petiolate, without stipules, lanceolate, subacu-
ininate with the apex blunt, attenuated at the base, very glab-
rous, nerved, with a pustulose blister in the axil of the under
surface of each nerve, about 6 inches long, and 1 broad : petiole
plane above. Panicle axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaf:
peduncle and its subdivisions compressed, puberulous : flowers
greenish-yellow, fragrant, shortly pedicelled. Calyx minute,
5-, rarely 4-toothed, externally pubemlous, persistent. Petals
5, rarely 4, alternating with the teeth of the calyx, lineari-ob-
long, obtuse, externally puberulous, internally marked with 3
longitudinal ridges, and villous especially near the base. Sta-
mens 5, alternating with, and more than half the length of the
petals, spreading ; filaments expanded at the base, towards the
apex subulato-compressed : anthers cordate, purpurascent.
Ovary placed on a minute annular disk, ovate, puberulous, 1-
ovuled : style very short : stigma bifid. Fruit subdrupaceous,
(from the thinness of the cortical part,) size of a pigeon's egg,
ovoid, mono-pyrene : shell chartaceous : seed solitary.

I refer this plant with some confidence to the above genus ;
although Adr. Jussieu, by whom it was founded, describes the
fruit of the only species hitherto known, as a capsule dehiscent
at the apex.

ORDER XXXIII. AURANTIACE^.

Calyx urceolate or cainpanulate, somewhat adher-
ing to the disk, short, 3-5 toothed, marescent. Pe-
tals 3-5, broad at the base, free or slightly combined,
inserted upon the outside of a hypogynous disk,
slightly imbricated at the edges. Stamens equal in
number, or some multiple of that of the petals, in-
serted upon a hypogynous disk : filaments flattened
at the base, sometimes slightly cohering among them-
selves : anthers terminal, innate. Ovary many-celled :
style 1, terete: stigma thickish, slightly divided.
Fruit pulpy, many-celled, with a leathery glandulose
valveless indehiscent rind ; cells verticillate, frequent-
ly separable without laceration, usually filled with
pulp : pulp lodged in innumerable little sacs arising
from the sides of the cell. Seeds attached to the
axis, l-x, usually pendulous ; raphe and chalaza

124 TH-ALAMIFLORJE.

usually very distinctly marked. Embryo straight:
cotyledons thick, fleshy : plumule conspicuous — De
Cand. and Lindl.

Almost all the plants belonging to this tribe are natives of
the East. Several species, however, have been very generally
cultivated, and are now naturalized in different tropical coun-
tries. The wood is universally hard; all parts abound in a
volatile fragrant oil ; and the pulp of the fruit is more or less
acid.

I. TRIPHASIA.

Flowers with the proportion of the parts ternary.
Stamens 6, free, rarely 5 and then the fifth opposite
to a petal larger than the rest. Anthers subsagittate.
Fruit 3-celled, 3-seeded. Embryos several in each
seed. — De Cand.

1 . Triphasia trifoliata. Three-leaved Triphasia.
Leaves 3-foliate.

Limonia trifoliata, Linn. mant. 237. — Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 463.
— T. trifoliata, De Cand. Prod. I. 536.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. Throughout the year.

This is a very common shrub in our gardens. It generally
receives the name of the Chinese lemon. The fruit is red and
juicy, the size of a small gooseberry, of an oval shape, and of
an insipid taste with an aromatic flavour, by no means palata-
ble. It is furnished with straight axillary spines, and, were it
not so slow in its growth, it might be employed to make a strong
and beautiful fence. It is a native of China, Cochin-China, and
India.

II. LIMONIA.

Flowers with the proportion of the parts quater-
nary or quinary. Calyx 4-5-partite. Petals 4-5.
Stamens free, double the number of the petals, some-
times equal. Fruit berried, pulpy, 4-5-celled : cells
1 -seeded. — De Cand.

Name, from lymoun, the general designation in Arabic for
the orange tribe.

1. Limonia citrifolia. Lemon-leaved Limonia.
Leaves simple and trifoliate, leaflets ovato-oblong

AURANTIACE2E. 125

acuminate, peduncles axillary shorter than the peti-
oles.— De Cand.

De Cand. Prod. I. 536.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. Throughout the year.

This is a very common shrub in our gardens. It has neither
beauty nor any remarkable property to recommend it. It is
commonly called the Chinese Orange, and is a native of China.

III. COOKIA.

Flowers with the proportion of the parts quinary.
Calyx 5-fid. Petals navicular, villous. Stamens 10;
filaments linear free ; anthers subrotund. Ovary vil-
lous. Fruit berried, subglobose, 5-celled, by abortion
1-2 celled, with the cells 1 -seeded. — De Cand.

Named, in honour of Captain James Cook, the celebrated
nav gator.

1. Cookia punctata. Wampee.

Leaves ovato-lanceolate acuminate slightly unequal
at the base.

Jacq. Schcenb. I. t. 101.— Lam. III. t. 354.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. May.

This is a tree, very much branched, of moderate height.
There are several plants of it in the Botanic Garden at Bath,
and in its vicinity. It deserves to be more generally cultivated
on account of the fruit, which is produced in clusters, of the size,
and having a great deal of the taste of the grape, accompanied
with a peculiar flavour, being very grateful to the palate.

IV. CITRUS.

Flowers with the proportion of their parts generally
quinary. Calyx urceolate, 3-5-fid. Petals 5-8.
Stamens 20-60.

1. Citrus Medica. Citron.

Petioles naked, leaves oblong rounded at the apex
(rarely acute), stamens 35-40, fruit oblong with the
rind thick and mamillated on the surface.

Risso, Ann. Mus. XX. 199. t. 2. f. 2.— JBot. Miscel. I. t. 295.
HAB. Cultivated and wild.
FL. Early in the year.

126 THALAMI FLORAE.

A shrubby tree, 8-10 feet in height : branches long, virgate,
subtrigonal towards their extremities, glabrous, armed with
horizontally spreading thorns. Leaves about 6 inches long and
2 broad, serrulato-crenated, of a yellow-green colour : petiole £
of an inch in length. Peduncles axillary, solitary, usually 1-
flowered. Petals 5, oblong, obtuse. Stamens of unequal length.
Fruit of a bright yellow colour : rind divisible into two layers ;
that which is external, composed of an infinite number of vesi-
cles filled with essential oil ; the other, which is internal, thick,
white, and forming the principal bulk of the fruit : pulp enclosed
in a diaphanous membrane, and arranged into several compart-
ments : compartments many-seeded.

The Citron is originally a native of Media. It passed from
thence into Persia, and in course of time became known to the
Greeks. It is considered to be the MALDS MEDICA of Theo-
phrastus, and the MALUM MEDIAE of Virgil. From a very
early period, the Jews were acquainted with it. It is the fruit
HADAR, — "the fruit of the tree that is beautiful" — mentioned
in Leviticus (ch. xxiii. v. 40), which the people were directed
on the Feast of Tabernacles, to bring with the young unde-
veloped leaves of the date palm before the Lord. This injunc-
tion is strictly observed to the present day. Particular care is
taken to distinguish the proper fruit by its mammillated or tu-
berculated appearance, as the Lemon frequently acquires the same
shape and size. Should the style or stigma be defective or in-
jured, the fruit is immediately rejected. We find, in old Sama-
ritan coins, a Citron represented attached to a palm : and Jose-
phus informs us, that on one occasion, when Alexander, the
King and High Priest, stood at the altar, the people revolted,
and threw at him the Citrons they held in their hands.

This fruit is used only in confections. The pulp is in small
quantity, and contains little acid. The rind affords a consider-
able proportion of essential oil.

2. Citrus Limonum. Lemon.

Petioles subalate, leaves oblong subacute, stamens
30-35, fruit oblong.

Risso, Ann. Mus. XX. 201.— Sot. Miscel. I. 297.

HAB. Cultivated and wild.

FL. Early in the year.

A tree, seldom more than 12 feet in height : branches long,
twiggy, angulose towards their extremities, and glabrous with
a violet tinge ; spines axillary, long, patent. Peduncles 1-6-
flowered : flowers pedicelled, minutely bracteated. Petals
usually 4 (from the union of two), previous to expansion tinged
with violet. Filaments in two rows, with the inner row rather
shorter. Fruit usually much smaller than the Citron, rugose,
9- 11 -celled.

AUUANTIACE.E. 127

This species is supposed to have been introduced into
Europe, at the same time with the Orange, about the era of the
Crusades. The rind, like that of the Citron, abounds with an
essential oil. The acid obtained from the pulp resembles, and
is employed for similar purposes as that of the Lime.

3. Citrus Lima. Lime-tree.

Petioles with the wings narrow, leaves oval obtuse
obscurely crenulated, stamens 25, fruit subglobose,
pulp acid.

Sot. Miscel. I. 300.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. After the rains in Spring.

A tree, of a shrubby growth, seldom more than 12 feet in
height ; branchlets compressed, subtrigonal, glabrous. Leaves
oval, obtuse. Spines axillary, divaricating. Calyx regularly
5-toothed. Petals 5, subequal, lineari-lanceolate. Stamens
usually '25.

This plant forms a beautiful and strong fence : and, as it is of
a quick growth, it attains, in not more than three years, suffi-
cient height and strength, for the intended purpose. The rind
of the fruit is thin, and the acid contained in the pulp, is very
abundant, and much purer than what is procured from the
lemon. The Lime, according to Galiseo, appears to have been,
like the Citron, known at a very early period ; and he states
that it was the tree, which, with the box, according to Theo-
phrastus, Harpalus found some difficulty in establishing at
Babylon. It is from the fruit of this species that the principal
supply of 'Citric acid is obtained. This acid is very much em-
ployed in dyeing, to brighten certain colours, such as those
procured from indigo, carthumus tinctorius, &c. It is also of
considerable value in a medicinal point of view, and the use of
it has been found of service in preserving the health of seamen
during long voyages. It may be sent to Europe by saturating
quick-lime with the juice of the fruit, and packed in barrels.

4. Citrus Limetta. Bergamotte or Sweet Lime.

Petioles subalate, leaves ovate serrate, stamens 30,
fruit subglobose, pulp sweet.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. Beginning of the year.

This species has the growth of a tree, but in other respects,
with the exception of what is noticed in the specific character,
there is very little difference between it and the common Lime.
It was first cultivated at Bergamo, a city of Italy ; and hence
it came to receive the name of Bergamotte.

128 THAL AMI FLORAE.

5. Citrus aurantium. Sweet Orange.

Petioles subalate, leaves ovate acuminate with
the apex obtuse remotely crenulato-serrulated, stamens
20-22, fruit globose with the rind thin and the pulp
sweet.

Risso, Ann. Mus. XX. 181. t. 1. f. 1. & 2.— De Cand. Prod. I.
539. — Bot. Miscel I. 301.

HAB. Cultivated and naturalized.

FL. January — April.

A tree, 20-25 feet in height, with the branches forming a
spherical figure, towards their extremities 3-gonal, glabrous.
Leaves ovate, indistinctly and bluntly serrulated, glabrous,
pellucido-punctate, marked with green dots beneath. Wings
of the petioles narrow. Spines axillary ; in trees, producing
the finer varieties of fruit, short. Flowers axillary, sometimes
solitary, more usually arranged in racemes, 6-7 -flowered :
pedicels 1 an inch in length, thickened towards the flower,
terete, articulated a short distance from, or at the insertion,
where there is a small subulate deciduous bractea. Calyx
irregularly 3— 4— 5-fid ; divisions apiculated. Petals 4-5 ; when
only 4 unequal ; oblong, obtuse, externally virido-punctate, to
the glass minutely ciliated. Ovary spherical, green : style
slightly thickened towards the stigma, which is subcapitate.
Fruit globose ; pulp white, sweet.

The orange is deserving of cultivation, not only on account
of the excellency of the fruit, but also as being among the
most ornamental of trees. It is graceful in its port, with leaves
beautifully formed and of a rich green, and filling the air with
the perfume of its clusters of delicately white blossoms.'

Var: b. Citrus aurantium vulgaris. Bitter or Seville

orange.

Petiole alate, leaves ovate acuminate with the apex
obtuse remotely crenulato-serrulated, stamens 25,
fruit globose with the rind thick, and the pulp bitter.

Bot. Miscel. I. 301. — Citrus Sinensis, Pers. II. 74 C.

aurantium, Bot. Reg. t. 346 — C. vulgaris, De Cand. Prod. I.
539.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. February— April.

A tree, more lofty than the variety bearing the sweet fruit.
Leaves larger than those of the sweet variety, distinctly acu-
minate : petioles winged. Spines axillary. Flowers in an
axillary raceme, fragrant. Calyx almost always 5-fid, with the
teeth somewhat' irregular and acute. Petals usually 5. Stamens

XURANT1ACS2E. 129

22-25. Style subclavate : stigma subcapitate. Fruit globose,
with the rind usually thick, and with a deeper shade of red mixed
with the yellow : pulp yellow more or less tinged with pink,
acrid and bitter to the taste.

The principal marks of difference, exclusive of the characters
which may be taken from the fruit, between this and the va-
riety bearing the sweet Orange, are, that in this the tree is lof-
tier, the petioles distinctly alate, the calyx more regularly 5-fid,
and the petals 5 in number.

The sweet and the bitter Oranges are considered, by De Can-
dolle and some others, as distinct species. This cannot in my
opinion be the case, as it is a well established fact, familiar to
every one who has been any length of time in this Island, that
the seed of the sweet Orange very frequently grows up into a
tree bearing the bitter fruit, numerous well attested instances
of which have come to my own knowledge. I am not however
aware, that the seed of the bitter Orange has ever grown up
into the sweet- fruited variety. These two varieties of Orange
would therefore appear to bear the same relation to each other,
as subsists between the apple and the crab. The crab is con-
sidered to be the original stock of the apple, and its seed always
produces a small acerb fruit : whereas, although the seed of any
of the approved kinds of apple, such as the golden pippin, may
occasionally grow up into a tree producing an esteemed variety
of fruit, not inferior perhaps to that of the parent tree, yet in
infinitely the greater number of instances it will be small and
acerb, and in other words a crab. We may therefore conclude,
that the bitter Orange was the original stock, and that, to cer-
tain accidental circumstances, such as the soil and climate being
peculiarly favourable, and to cultivation, we are to ascribe the
production of the sweet.

The bitter Orange appears to have been first cultivated in
Europe during the middle ages. It was not for many years
after, that the sweet was introduced. Hence the Arabian wri-
ters, who were the first to make any distinct mention of the
fruit, describe it as acrid, and all the old established Orange
groves of Spain, such as those of Seville, left by the Moors,
belong to this variety. It is recorded that the first sweet Orange
tree, was reared in the garden of the Count de St Laurent, at
Lisbon ; and that hence, it has come to be known by the name
of the Portugal Orange. It is probable that the seeds were
procured from China, as the Portuguese had, previous to this,
discovered the route to India by the Cape of Good Hope.

The best Oranges at present brought to the European mar-
ket, are from the island of St Michael, one of the Azores.

In no part of the world however are Oranges produced su-
perior to those of which some parts of our Island can boast. In
the parish of St John, in particular, the trees may be seen in
thousands in the pastures and in the Negro villages, forming

130 1HALAMIFLOIUE.

beautiful objects during the months about Christmas, laden with
their golden-hued fruit, which for richness of flavour and for
sweetness cannot be surpassed. In that district a bitter or a
sour Orange is rarely to be met. It is deserving of remark,
indeed, that the sweet Orange is produced in its greatest perfec-
tion in districts which, like the parish of St John, belong to the
limestone formation : whereas, they are very inferior, being
more or less sour or bitter, even when raised from seeds of
the sweetest sorts, when grown where any of the other rocks
prevail.

Little or no care is bestowed in this country on the cultiva-
tion of the Orange. As the fruit, notwithstanding this, is pro-
duced in the greatest abundance, and of so fine a quality, it must
appear surprising that it is not made an article of exportation,
as few of our objects of cultivation would give a more profitable
return. Were the fruit carefully hand-picked from the tree,
on a dry day, and, after being slightly papered, packed in com-
mon flour barrels on the spot, there cannot be a doubt but that
they would bear the voyage even to England, and arrive there
in a marketable condition. We are anxious to establish the
Clove and the Nutmeg, when we have already a tree, which
would, were it more generally and carefully cultivated, give us
an article of exportation, for which the demand is constant, and
would in any part of the world command a market. Few
trees are longer lived than the Orange, those of the Orange
groves of Spain having survived six hundred years ; and few are
more productive, some individuals having been known to pro-
duce in one year six thousand Oranges.*

The Sweet Orange, according to Dr Turner, contains malic
acid ; and we may ask, might not an effervescing liquor like
cider be obtained from the juice? As a fruit, it is inferior to
none : " the pulp is cooling and refreshing in fevers, inflamma-
tion, and scurvy, and alterative in phthisis and dyspepsia."-]-
Thc bitter orange is employed in making, the well known con-
serve, marmalade : the peel in an aromatic bitter : the roasted
pulp is an excellent application to foetid sores ; and the negroes
employ it, as a substitute for soap, in washing their coarse linens.
From the flower a distilled water is prepared.

6. Citrus decumana. The Shaddock.

Leaves elliptic rounded at both ends subemargin-
ate crenulated glabrous above puberulous especially
along the nerves beneath, petioles alate, stamens
30-35, fruit very large with the rind thick.

* Southern Agriculturist, Vol. iii. p. 638. 8vo. Charleston, 1830.
f Rennie's New Supplement to the Pharmacopeias, p. 40.

AUUANTIACE7K. 131

Pampel-mces, Rumph. II. t. 24. f. 2.—De Cand. Prod. I. 539.
— Sot. Misc. I. 303.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. February — May.

A tree 12-18 feet in height ; crown flat ; branches spreading,
towards their extremities 3-gonal, anguloso-sulcated, and pu-
berulous. Leaves alternate, petiolate, 5-6 inches long, and
2|-3 inches broad, pellucido-punctate, glabrous and shining
above, and distinctly pubescent beneath and ciliated especially
when young : alse of the petioles broad, crenulated, minutely
ciliated. Spines usually avvanting. Racemes subterminal, ax-
illary, rather longer than the petiole, 3-9-flowered : flowers
large, white, fragrant, pedicelled, furnished at the insertion with
a small lanceolate bractea : peduncle angulose, as also the pedi-
cels pubescent. Calyx irregularly 4- rarely 5-fid. Petals 4,
rarely 5, oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, externally virido-punctate,
internally longitudinally sulcated. Stamens 30-35. Disk an-
nular. Ovary stipitate, globose, green, minutely puberulous :
style terete, club-shaped : stigma subcapitate, turbinate.

There are two varieties of Shaddock. In var. a. maliformis,
the fruit is globose, with the pulp of a pale pink colour, ap-
proaching to a very light yellow. In var. /3. pyriformis, the
fruit is more or less pear-shaped and the pulp is of crimson
colour more or less intense. The second of these varieties is
the most esteemed, being sweet and juicy, and having only in
a slight and palatable degree the acridity which abounds in the
first. There are very few good Shaddock trees in the Island.
I may remark that I have always found the pear-shaped variety
good, whereas it is seldom the case with the round-shaped
fruit. There cannot be a doubt, but that if budding, as is done
in China, were more generally practised, instead of trusting to
propagation by the seed, that the fruit would be much improved.

This tree is a native of China. It was first brought from
that country to the West Indies by Captain Shaddock, whose
name has since been given to the fruit.

7« Citrus Paradisi. Forbidden Fruit.

Petioles alate, leaves oval rounded crenulated
glabrous, stamens 25, fruit large.

This is a tree of a handsome appearance, about 20 feet in
height, with branches suberect, and sharp at the apex. Leaves
oval, rounded, crenulated, glabrous : petioles subalate. Spines,
for the most part short, axillary. Flowers peduncled, axillary,
either solitary or in a raceme of from 2 to 6. Bracteas one at
the base of each pedicel, concave, lanceolate. Peduncle glab-
rous, half-an-inch long. Calyx irregularly 5-fid, faintly ciliated.
Petals 4, lineari-oblong, rounded. Stamens 25-26. Fruit
sweetish, subacid.

132 THALAMIFLORJS.

There are also two varieties of this species.
Var. a. pyriformis ; Barbadoes Grape Fruit.
Var. j3. maliformis; Forbidden Fruit.

The pear-shaped variety, as in the Shaddock, possesses most
o£ the sweet principle, and is, on the whole, a preferable fruit.

ORDER XXXIV. HYPERICINE.E.

Calyx 4-5 partite or of 4-5 sepals, persistent, un-
equal. Petals 4-5, hypogynous, alternating with the
divisions of the calyx ; aestivation twisted. Stamens
numerous, polyadelphous, anthers versatile. Ovary
single, superior : styles many : stigmata simple. Fruit
a berry or capsule. Seeds very many : embryo
straight : radicle inferior : albumen none.

Herbaceous plants, shrubs, or trees, with a resinous juice.
Flowers generally yellow. There are but few tropical species
belonging to this order. The greater number are herbaceous
and undershrubby plants, delighting in the shade of groves and
thickets, in the cooler parts of Europe and Asia. The juice of
many is slightly purgative, and several are said to possess a
febrifuge property.

AsCYRUM.

Calyx of 4 sepals ; the 2 outer small, the 2 inner
larger. Petals 4. Stamens oo, scarcely united at
the base. Styles 1-3.— De Cand.

Shrubby plants. Name, from a privative, and ffKvgvf rough-
ness ; i. e. a smooth plant.

1. Ascyrum hypericoides. St Andrew' s-wort.

Stem fruticose, branchlets ancipital, leaves oblongo-
linear obtuse 2-glanduloseat the base pellucido-punc-
tulated, inner sepals elliptico-ovate, styles 2, capsule
1 -celled.

Swartz, Obs. 294. — Browne, 309.

HAB . ^ Common in the mountains on barren clayey soil.

FL. Throughout the year.

GUTTIFERJE. 133

A shrubby plant, 1-2 feet in height, much and dichototnously
branched, of a brownish colour, chaffy : branchlets compressed
ancipital. Leaves opposite, sessile, oblongo-linear, blunt, gla-
brous, minutely pellucido-punctulated : glandules 2 at the base
of the leaf at its insertion. Flowers terminal, solitary, pedi-
celled, yellow. Calyx, the 2 outer sepals small and linear ; the
2 inner large, subrotundo-ovate, nerved, pellucido-punctulated,
enclosing the petals, than which they are about 3 times larger,
persistent. Petals spreading, cruciate, oblong, subacute. Sta-
mens numerous, shorter than the petals; anthers roundish.
Ovary oblongo-ovate, compressed ; styles 2, short, erect, ap-
pressed : stigmata obtuse. Capsule covered with the mares-
cent inner sepals of the calyx, oblong, compressed, apiculated
with the persistent styles, 1-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded.
Seeds oblongo-cylindrical, minutely scrobiculate, attached to the
inflected edges of the valves of the capsule.

According to the character of this Order, given by De Can-
dolle, the fruit is many-celled. There is an exception in this
species at least. It is also stated, that the number of styles
correspond to that of the cells, whereas in the plant before us,
it is to that of the placenta, which are attached along the in-
flected margins of the valves. This plant delights in clayey
soils, and is usually found in mountain pastures with the fox-
tailed grass and the broom (CALEA SCOPARIA). No description
of stock appear to feed upon it. The Negro women tie
bunches of it together, and make use of it as a broom, for
which purpose it is well adapted.

ORDER XXXV. GUTTIFER.E.

Calycine sepals 2-6, persistent, rounded, imbri-
cated, opposite. Petals hypogynous, 4-10, generally
yellow. Flowers hermaphrodite, monoecious, dioeci-
ous, or polygamous. Stamens numerous, hypogy-
nous, rarely definite : anthers elongated, longitudi-
nally dehiscent on the inner surface. Ovary 1, free :
style none, or single, and usually short : stigma
either sessile and peltato-radiated, or at the apex of the
style and many-lobed. Capsule berried, or a berry
or drupe, with the pericarp corticose, thick and many-
valved ; either one-celled, few-seeded, dry or filled

134 THALAM1FLOIUE.

with pulp in which the seeds are nidulant, or many-
celled with the cells 1- or many-seeded : albumen
none : embryo straight : cotyledons thick — De Cand.
abbr.

Shrubs and trees, sometimes parasitic, yielding a resinous
juice : leaves opposite, very rarely alternate, coriaceous, shortly
petiolate, entire, with the lateral nerves pinnated : flowers
generally racemose and axillary, or panicled and terminal, or
crowded and lateral. They are natives of the East or West
Indies. The fruit of many of the species is edible, and lusciously
sweet to the taste. That of the GARCINIA MANGOSTANA, the
Mangosteen, a tree which has been introduced into this Island,
is described as surpassing all other fruits. With us, however,
it does not deserve this character. It is probable that it may
require certain peculiarities in soil and climate ; as it is only in
certain districts of India that it comes to perfection. Gamboge
is the inspissated juice of the STALAGMITISCAMBOGIOIDES of Mur-
ray, or HEBRADENDRON CAMBOGIOIDES of Professor Graham,
a tree indigenous to Ceylon and a member of this Family.

I. CLUSIA.

Calycine sepals 4-8, imbricated, coloured. Petals
4-8. Stamens numerous, rarely definite. Style 0 :
stigma radiato-peltate. Flowers commonly polygam-
ous ; with the ovary in those which are fertile sur-
rounded by a short thick stamineal nectary. Capsule
fleshy, coriaceous, 5-12-valved, with the divisions de-
hiscent from the apex : placentas triangular, fixed to
introflected valvules ; the internal angles of the pla-
centas forming a single central angulose placenta.
Seeds terete, attached either to the central placenta
or the lateral angles : cotyledons separable. — De
Cand.

Parasitic trees, with opposite leaves. — Named in honour of
Charles de 1'Ecluse, a celebrated Botanist, who lived in the
16th century.

1 . Clusia flava. Yellow -flowered Balsam-tree.

Flowers polygamous, calyx of many sepals, petals
4 yellow, stamens numerous short, stigmata about 12,
leaves obovate obtuse sometimes emarginate shortly
petiolate striated.

Terebinthus folio singulari non alato rotundo succulento,
flore tetrapetalo pallide luteo, fructu majore monopyreno, Sloane,

GUTT1FER.E. 135

I. 91. t. 200. f. 1. — Clusia arborea, foliis crassis nitidis obovato-
subrotundis, floribus solitariis, Browne, 236. — C. flava, Jacq.
Amer. 272. t. 167.

HAB. Common, ori rocks.

FIv. Throughout the year.

A tree, seldom more than 20 feet in height, usually parasitic,
of an irregular growth. Fruit size and shape of a fig; and
hence it is commonly called the wild Jiff by the Negroes. A
viscid yellow juice flows from every part of the plant when cut ;
but it is not known to possess any useful property, with the
exception that it has been employed as a dressing to sores in
horses, and by the Indians, mixed with tallow, to paint their
boats.

II. MAMMEA.

Calycine sepals 2, coloured. Petals 4, coriaceous.
Stamens numerous, very short, with minute oblong
anthers. Style 1, terete, persistent. Stigma capi-
tate. Berry fleshy, generally crowned with the re-
mains of the style. Seeds 4, or by abortion 2-3.

Trees: flowers hermaphrodite or male. — Name, from the
American designation of the fruit.

1. Mammea Americana. American Mamee-tree.

Leaves oval acute at the base very obtuse at the
apex entire, fruit large 4-seeded.

Malus Persica maxima, foliis rotundis splendentibus glabris,
fructu maximo scabro rugoso, Sloane, II. 123. t. 217. f. 3. —
Mammea foliis ovalibus, Browne, 248. — M. Americana, Jacq.
Amer. 268. t. 181. f. 82.— Vahl, Eclog. II. 40.

HAB. Not uncommon ; wild and cultivated.

FL. June.

A spreading tree : branches scabrous. Leaves opposite,
petiolate, oval, rounded and sometimes emarginate at the apex,
attenuated at the base, very entire, coriaceous, very glabrous,
shining, transversely and parallelly striated : petiole about
an inch in length, terete, plane above. Peduncles distributed
along the branches ; in the hermaphrodite trees solitary, in the
barren 3—4 together, about an inch in length, 1-flowered.
Flowers large, white, fragrant. Calycine sepals oval, concave,
coriaceous. Petals 4 ; (sometimes 5 and then unequal), ellip-
tic, rounded at the apex, concave. Stamens numerous, inserted
on the torus ; filaments short, cohering at the base : anthers
club-shaped. Pistil, in the barren flowers, awanting; in the
fertile, the ovary globose : style thick, cylindrical : stigma
capitate. Fruit size of the largest orange, of a russet colour:
seeds rarely 4 ; usually, from abortion 3-2.

136 THALAMIFLOBJE.

This is a lofty tree, with spreading branches. The fruit is
held in some esteem. The fleshy and edible portion is yellow,
and of a sweetish somewhat aromatic taste, bearing a resem-
blance to that of the carrot, and of a peculiar odour. It
is eaten plain, or in slices, with wine and sugar, or preserved
in sugar. The seeds are very bitter ; but no other property
has hitherto been ascribed to them. A liqueiir has been ob-
tained by distillation from the flowers infused in spirits of wine,
known in Martinique by the name of Creme des Creoles. The
gum, obtained from the stem and branches, is employed by the
Negroes as an application to extract chigoes : dissolved in lime
juice, it destroys maggots in sores at a single dressing ; and an
infusion of the bark is astringent, and is useful to strengthen
the recent cicatrices of sores. The tree^ from the root being
fusiform, is not easily transplanted. The French name of the
fruit is aubricot sauvage : the Spaniards, like the English, retain
the Carib designation.

III. CALOPHYLLUM.

Calycine sepals 0-2-4, coloured. Petals 4>. Sta-
mens numerous, polyadelphous at the base, or free :
anthers oblong. Style thick : stigma simple or capi-
tate. Drupe globose or ovate, with the nut from
abortion 1- rarely 2-seeded. — De Cand.

Trees, with the nerves of the leaves transversely parallel, and
with the flowers racemose. — Name, from xaXog beautiful, and
puXXoii a leaf.

1. Calophyllum Calaba. Santa Maria.
Leaves ovate obtuse, flowers hermaphrodite or sta-
meniferous, racemes lateral short.

Mali Persicae Mammese dictae folio arbor, Sloane, Cat. 180.
— Arbor altissima foliis oblongis nitidissimis nervosis, Browne,
372. — Calophyllum Calaba, Jacq. Amer. 269. t. 165. — Swartz,
Obs. 2[G.—De Cand. Prod. I. 562.

HAB. Damp woods.

FL. October, November.

A lofty tree. Leaves shortly petiolate, ovate, obovate, or ob-
long, obtuse, emarginate, thick, leathery, shining, about 4 inches
in length. Racemes lateral, few-flowered : flowers white, frag-
rant, polygamous. Calycine sepals 2, subrotund, concave, ob-
tuse with a small point, coloured, deciduous. Petals subro-
tund, concave. Stamens in the fertile flowers 10 ; in the bar-
ren about 60 ; filaments short : anthers oblong. Ovary subro-
tund : style none : stigma capitate. Drupe, according to Jac-
quin, green, with the rind thin : nut hard, smooth, ash-coloured.

This is a common tree, in the damp mountain districts, on

UUTTIFJBRJS. 13 /

the North-side of the Island. It there grows to a great height,
with a straight thick stem. It is of some value as a timber
tree ; being employed for making shingles, and for staves for
rurn puncheons, and for boards for inside work. The puncheons
made of this wood, require to be charred, previous to the rum
being placed in them. The stems were employed by Dampier,
for the masts of ships ; and the planks have been, but not on
very certain authority, recommended in ship-building, "as equal
in durability to oak.

Jacquin states that an oil may be expressed from the fruit,
which is employed, according to his observation, by the natives
for their lamps.

The name Santa Maria, was given, according to Barbara, to
this tree, from the juice which exudes from the stem, branches,
and even the leaves, constituting a valuable balsam, useful in
dressing wounds, known by the names of Green balsam, Mary's
balsam, Calaba balsam, fyc. The specific designation CALABA,
was the name by which the tree was known among the Caribs.

IV. CANELLA. Canella.

Calycine sepals 3. Petals 5, subcoriaceous glauco-
caerulous, during aestivation contorted. Stamens
united into a tube ; anthers 15. Stigmata 3. Berry
3-locular (sometimes from abortion 1 Jocular); locules
1-2 seeded.

The name Canella was given to this tree, on account of the
resemblance of the pungent taste of its bark to the aromatic
flavour of that of the Canella Cinnamon.

1. Canella alba. Winter's Bark, or Laurel-leaved
Canella.

Arbor baccifera laurifolia aromatica, Sloane, II. 87. t. 191.

f. 2 Canella foliis oblongis obtusis nitidis, Browne, 275. t. 27.

f. 3. — C. alba, Swartz, Linn. Trans. I. 96. t. 8 — Gcertn. de
Fruct. I. 373. t. 77.

HAB. Common in the lower woods, and on hills where the
white limestone prevails. In the neighbourhood of Drummond
Castle, Port- Royal.

FIj. August, September.

A lofty tree, the stem straight, branching at the top : bran-
ches dichotomously dividing. The outer bark brownish, ash-
coloured ; inner thicker of a light colour. Leaves situated
towards the ends of the branchlets, sparse, petiolated, obovate,
slightly emarginate, entire, glabrous, obscurely nerved, 2 inches
long, and 1 broad : petiole short, plane above. Raceme ter-
minal, shorter than the leaf, compound, cymose ; peduncle 3-
gonal ; pedicel 3-gonal, £ of an inch in length, I -flowered ;

138 THALAMIFLOR^E.

flowers small, seldom found open, of a purple or violet colour.
Sepals 3, their edges overlapping, rounded, to the glass puber-
ulo-ciliated, externally cinereo-glaucescent, persistent. Petals
concave, thick, deciduous. Anthers resembling furrows on the
nectary-like tube of the filaments. Ovary globose ; a portion
of the style persistent. Berry size of the largest pea ; when
ripe, black. Seeds in general only two, dark-brown, globoso-
subreniform. Albumen watery. Embryo minute, curved, of
a yellow tinge, situated at the rostellum of the seed.

Although this has received the name of Winter's bark, it is
very different from the Wintera aromatica, a native of the
shores of Magellan's straits, which yields the true bark of that
name. It resembles it, however, in its properties, and admits
of being used medicinally as a substitute. It is sold in flat or
quilled pieces, is of a yellowish colour, smells like cloves, and
is of a warm bitterish pungent taste. Chemical analysis gives
a resin, a volatile oil, extractive matter, colouring matter, gum,
starch, albumen, acetates of potash and lime, hydrochlorate of
potash, hydrochlorate of magnesia, &c. Spirits are the best
solvent, as water extracts only the bitter without the aroma.
Its effects are carminative, tonic, and stomachic. The dose
of the powder is from gr. x, to '^i. It is given in dyspepsia,
and atonic diseases, and is snuffed up the nostrils as a cephalic.
A warm aromatic oil may be obtained by distillation, resembling,
in taste and other properties, that obtained from cloves.

The whole tree, according to Swartz, is very aromatic, and
when in blossom perfumes the whole neighbourhood. The
flowers dried and softened again in warm water, have a frag-
rant odour, nearly approaching to that of musk. The leaves
have a strong clove-like smell. The berries when ripe are
greedily sought after by the different varieties of pigeons,
which abound in our woods, and gives to their flesh the peculiar
flavour for which they are so prized. The Caribs are said to
have employed the bark, with the fruit of Capsicum, as a con-
diment in their drink and food.

V. MORONOBEA.

Calycine sepals 5. Petals 5, coriaceous, twisted
during estivation. Stamens monadelphous at the
base, 5 -fasciculated above : anthers external, 3 at
the middle of each fasciculus, linear. Style 1 ;
stigmata 5. Berry 5-celled, with the cells 2-seeded,
or fewer from abortion.

A Genus established by Aublet — Name, probably derived,
from ,j,oSov the Mulberry, and o^,c appearance, from the resem-
blance of the berry to that fruit.

GUTTIFERyE. 139

1 . Moronobea coccinea. Hog Gum-tree.

Bud globose, style very short, leaves oblong acute
at both ends coriaceous impunctate.

Symphonia globulifera, Willtl. Sp. III. 585 — Moronobea
coccinea, Aubl. GuL II. 789. t. 313.— Bancroft, MSS.

HAB. Damp mountain forests, St George's and Portland.
FL. October; or May.

A lofty tree, attaining 90-100 feet in height, with the stem
straight and erect, and the branches horizontally spreading ;
branchlets opposite, terete, glabrous. Leaves opposite, petio-
late, oblong, acute at the base, acuminate at the apex, entire,
coriaceous, transversely and parallelly nerved, glabrous, im-
punctate, 3—4 inches long, and 11 broad. Umbel subterminal,
simple, about 10-flowered : flowers scarlet, on short terete
pedicels. Calycine sepals 5, rounded, imbricated. Petals 5,
many times larger than the sepals, roundish, concave. Stamens
united at the base, pentadelphous above, with each fasciculus
consisting of 3 filaments, and bearing 3 anthers on the middle
of their outer surface : anthers 2-celled, linear. Ovary ovate,
5-celled : cells 2-seeded : style 1 : stigmata 5, radiato-divari-
cating. Fruit with the pericarp coriaceous; by abortion, 1-
celled, and 1 -seeded.

The Hog- Gum was erroneously stated by Sloane, to be ob-
tained from the Rhus Metopium ; and in this he has been fol-
lowed by Browne, and other writers on Jamaica Botany. It is
only, however, procured from the tree before us, by wounding
the bark. The Gum which exudes, is at first fluid and pellucid,
but afterwards changes to a yellow colour, and becomes hard
and friable, resembling Burgundy pitch in appearance. It has
a slight aromatic odour, is insipid to the taste, softens under
the teeth, and melts to the flame of a candle. It receives in
South America the name of Mani or Manil. It is known with
us by that of the Hog-Gum, and the tree is called the Hog-
Gum, or Hog-Doctor Tree, from the Hogs, it is stated, when
wounded, resorting to it, and rubbing the injured part against
the bark, so as to smear the wound with the gum. It has
been given internally, in the form of pills, as a substitute
for Balsam of Copaiba. ,Two table-spoonfuls of the recent
juice, diluted with water, and sweetened, is stated by Barham,
to give relief in belly-ache or colic. Mixed with lard, wax,
and rosin, it forms an ointment, well adapted as a dressing
for indolent sores. Spread on leather, it is employed in plas-
ters, as a substitute for Burgundy pitch. The Indians of the
Continent make torches with it, which give a good light without
much smoke or smell ; and employ it to pitch the outside of their
boats, and to fix on a head of fish-bone to their arrows. This
tree is a native of the Continent, as well as of Jamaica, Trini'

140 TIIALAMI FLORAE.

dad, and others of the West India Islands. It has probably
become so generally diffused, from the wild pigeons feeding on
the berries, and thus conveying the seeds to distant parts.

ORDER XXXVI. MARCGRAVIACE^E.

Calycine sepals 2-75 ovate, generally coriaceous
and imbricated. Corolla hypogynous ; sometimes
monopetalous, and calyptriform ; at other times of 5
petals. Stamens indefinite, inserted either on the re-
ceptacle, or on a hypogynous membrane : filaments
dilated at the base : anthers elongated, innate, burst-
ing inwards. Ovary single, free : style 1 : stigma
simple or capitate. Capsule coriaceous, commonly
subglobose, many-valved, scarcely dehiscent : disse-
piments from the middle of the valvules, but not
meeting in the centre, so that the fruit is 1-celled:
seeds very numerous and very minute, nidulant in
pulp.

Shrubs ; with leaves alternate ; flowers in umbels or spikes ;
and peduncles naked, or furnished with either simple or cucul-
late hollow bracteas. Natives of equinoctial America, with the
exception of one species, ANTHOLOMA MONTANA, found in New
Caledonia. Properties unknown.

I. MARCGRAVIA.

Calyx 6-partite, persistent, ovato-rotund, coria-
ceous, imbricated, unequal. Corolla coriaceous, coni-
cal, entire. Stamens in 1 row, inserted on the mem-
branule surrounding the ovary ; anthers oblong, lon-
gitudinally dehiscent. Style scarcely any. Stigma
thick, persistent. Capsule coriaceous, berried, sub-
globose.

Named in honour of George Marcgraff of Leibstadt, author
ot a work on the Natural History of Brazil, published in 1648.

HIPPO CRATE ACE /U. 141

1. Marcgravia umbellata. Umbellated Marcgravia.
Leaves of the sterile branches sessile oval cordate
obtuse, of the fertile oblongo-ovate acuminate ob-
scurely veined, peduncles umbellated, bracteas cucul-
liform.

Phyllitidi scanclenti affinis major, folio crasso subrotundo,
Sloane, I. 74. t. 28. f. 1. (»ia/a.) — Marcgravia scandens, Browne,

244. t. 26. — M. umbellata, Jacq. Arner. 156. t. 96 Swartz,

Obs. 205.— Lam. III. t. 447.

HAB. On rocks in the mountains.

FI.. May — October.

The early branches rooting ; those which are older and fer-
tile pendulous, simple, subterete, warty, glabrous. Leaves of
the sterile branches subsessile, oval, cordate, obtuse, with a row
of glandulose dots along the margin which is entire ; leaves
of the fertile branches alternate, very shortly petiolate, distichal,
oblong, or ovato-oblong, acuminate, entire, membranaceo-rnar-
gined, with two lines of glandulose dots, one of them indis-
tinct passing along the margin, the other more distinct, situated
more interiorly ; coriaceous, obscurely nerved. Umbel termi-
nal, 20— 30-flowered : common peduncle sulcato-tetragonal : pe-
dicels an inch and a half in length. Bracteas about 5 in num-
ber, in the centre of the umbel, shortly pedicelled, club-shaped
and rounded at the apex, excavated at the base on the side to-
wards the flowers. Calyx very short, urceolate, 6-partite :
divisions rounded, imbricated. Corolla coriaceous, oblongo-
conical, entire, of a greenish colour, calyptriform, imperforate,
separating at the base, caducous. Stamens 15 ; filaments di-
lated at the base : anthers oblong, yellow. Ovary subrotund,
truncated, terminating in a short subconical stigma with little
or no style.

ORDER XXXVII. HIPPOCRATEACE^E

Calycine sepals 5 (rarely 4-6), minute, united as
far as the middle, persistent. Petals 5 (rarely 4-6),
equal, hypogynous (?), subimbricated during aestiva-
tion. Stamens 3, rarely 4-5 ; filaments distinct at
the apex, united towards the base into tube's and
forming about the ovary a thick disk-like cup : an-

142 THALAMlFLOIl^i.

thers 1 -celled, opening transversely at the apex, or
2- or even 4-celled. Ovary concealed by the tube,
distinct : style 1 : stigmata 1-3 : ovules erect. Fruit
either 3 samaroid carpels, or berried with from 1 to 3
cells. Seeds 4 or more in each cell, attached to the
axis in pairs, sometimes several of them abortive,
erect, exalbuminose. Embryo straight : radicle point-
ing towards the base: cotyledons flat, elliptico-ob-
long, somewhat fleshy, cohering when dry.

Arborescent or climbing shrubs ; principally natives of South
America. The fruit of TONSELLA PYRIFORMIS, a native of
Sierra Leone, about the size of a Bergamot pear, is said to
have a rich sweet flavour, and to be eatable : and the nuts of
HIPPOCRATEA COMOSA, a native of St Domingo, are, according
to Swartz (Fl. Ind. Occ. I. 78.), sweet and oily.

I. HIPPOCRATEA.

Petals generally foveated at the apex. Stamens 3.
Anthers 1 -celled, transversely dehiscent. Carpels 3
(or by abortion 1-2) samaroid, bivalved, with the
valves keeled and very much compressed. Seeds
winged downwards, from the umbilical cord being
very much expanded. — De Cand.

Named, by Plumier, in honour of Hippocrates, the celebrated
Greek physician.

1 . * Hippocratea ovata ? Ovate-leaved Hippocratea.

Carpels ovate, panicles axillary subdichotornous,
leaves oblongo-ovate or elliptic serrated. — De Cand.

H. volubilis, Sivartz, Obs. 28 — Robinson, in Lunan's Hort.
Jam. I. 373 — H. paniculata, Roem. et Schultz, Mant. I. 396.—
H. ovata, Lam. III. I. 100. t. 28. f. 2.

HAB. Near Cabaritta River Robinson. Near the fording

at Ginger-Hall Works, St Thomas in the East.

FL. Spring.

A scandent shrub : branches opposite, stiff, arched, patent,
Leaves opposite, subcoriaceous, glabrous. Racemes terminal ;
divisions opposite. Flowers small, greenish-white, subsessile.
Carpels an inch in length.

1 regret having omitted examining this plant in a more par-
ticular manner.

ERYTHROXYLE.E. 143

ORDER XXXVIII. ERYTHROXYLE^E.

Sepals 5, concrete at the base, persistent. Petals
5, hypogynous, broad at the base, augmented inter-
nally with a plaited scale, alternate with the sepals,
equal, previous to flowering with the margins lying
on each other. Stamens 10 : filaments combined at
the base into a little cup ; anthers innate, erect, 2-
celled, opening lengthwise. Ovary 1 -eel led, or 3-cel-
led with 2 of the cells empty : ovule solitary, pendu-
lous : styles 3, distinct : stigmata 3, subcapitate.
Fruit drupaceous, 1 -seeded. Seed angular : albu-
men horny : embryo linear, straight, central : coty-
ledons linear, plane, leafy : radicle superior, terete,
straight : plumule inconspicuous.

Shrubs or trees : young shoots often compressed and covered
with acute imbricated scales. Leaves alternate, seldom oppo-
site : stipules axillary. Flowers small. — Chiefly natives of the
West Indies and South America. The wood of some is of a
red colour. The bark of one species (ERYTHROXYLUM HYPERI-
CJFOLIUM), a native of Brazil, yields a permanent reddish brown
dye. The leaves of the E. COCA, are employed by the Peru-
vians, mixed with the ashes of the CHENOPODIUM QUJNOA, as
a masticatory, in the manner of the betle in India ; and it is said
to remove, and to enable them to endure hunger, and to un-
dergo fatigue and want of sleep.

I. ERYTHROXYLUM.

Calyx 5-partite 5-angular at the base. Styles 3,
distinct from the base.

Name, from tgv&gog red, and j^v^ov wood.

1. Erythroxylum obovatum. Small leaved Red-wood.

Leaves obovato-subrotund rounded and emarginate
at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base, membranace-
ous glabrous, stipules shorter than the petiole, pedi-
cels about 6 together axillary half the length of the
petiole.

E. foliis minoribus rotundis, Browne^ 276. — E. rotundifolium,
Lun, Hort, Jam, II. 116.

144 THALAMIFLOJlJS.

HAB. Common on Lime-stone hills.

FL. June— August.

A shrubby tree about 12 feet in height : branches spreading,
terete, glabrous, albido-rimoso-papillose. Leaves alternate, or 2-4
crowded together at the extremity of a short branchlet, petio-
late, obovato-subrotund, wedge-shaped at the base, rounded
(sometimes slightly emarginate) at the apex, entire, glabrous,
thin, membranaceous, obscurely nerved, pale, (glaucescent) be-
neath, little more than an inch in length : petiole short, twice
the length of the pedicels, filiform. Stipules small, lanceolate,
deciduous, half the length of the petiole. Flowers small, Avhite,
very shortly pedicelled, 4-10 (usually 6) together, axillary,
furnished at the base with minute ovate acute brown scariose
scales. Calyx pentangular at the base, 5-fid ; divisions ovate.
Petals 5, alternating with the calycine lobes, and twice their
length, oblong, obtuse, keeled on the back, concave internally,
and furnished about the middle with a convoluted petaloid
appendage. Stamens 10, inserted on the inside of an urceolate
minutely denticulated nectary or disk : filaments subulate :
anthers oval. Ovary ovato-conical : styles 3, very short : stig-
mata simple.

This species is probably identical with E. OBTUSUM of De
Candolle, noticed by Kunth as a native of Cuba.

2. Erythroxylum areolatum. Areolated-leaved Red-
wood.

Leaves elliptico-obovate areolated mucronate glau-
cescent beneath, pedicels lateral several aggregated
scarce twice the length of the flower.

E. foliis ellipticis, Browne, Jam. 278. t. 38. f. 2 — E. areola-
tum, Swartz, Obs. 184 — E. Carthagenense, Jacq. Amer. 134.
t. 187. f. 1.

HAB. In dry situations. Near the sea-shore.

FL. May — June.

A shrubby tree, about 10 feet in height: branchlets short,
ash-coloured, scabrous. Leaves alternate, or more commonly
crowded at the ends of the branchlets, petiolate, elliptic,
slightly obovate towards the base, rounded sometimes emargi-
nate at the apex, entire, glabrous, glaucescent beneath, penni-
veined, and in addition marked with two obscure nerves sub-
parallel to the mid-nerve, enclosing an areolated spot, distinctly
observable on holding the leaf up to the light ; an inch and a half
in length, and half-an-inch in breadth : petiole short, terete.
Stipules acute, sharply 2-ridged. Peduncles lateral, towards the
ends of the branchlets, 1-5 together, 1-flowered, length of the
petiole. Flowers small, white, slightly fragrant. Calyx
minute ; teeth 5, acute. Petals 5, clawed, oblong, obtuse, al-

MALPIGIIIACE;E. 145

nating with the teeth of the calyx, valvular, each with a bifid
(?) plaited scale at the base. Stamens 10, rather longer than
the petals, slightly monadelphous at the base. Ovary globular,
sub-3-gonal : styles 3, very short : stigmata capitate. Drupe
oblong, obsoletely 3-gonal, scarlet, resembling the fruit of the
Barberry, 1 -seeded: seed costate, especially on one side.

This shrubby tree ripens its fruit in May, when, from its
numerous bright scarlet berries, it readily attracts notice.

ORDER XXXIX. MALPIGHIACE.E.

Calycine sepals 5, slightly combined, persistent.
Petals 5, alternate with the lobes of the calyx, inserted
on a hypogynous disk, clawed. Stamens 10, alter-
nate with the petals. Ovary 1, generally 3-lobed,
formed of 3 carpels, more or less combined : styles 3,
distinct or combined into 1. Fruit dry or berried,
S-celled or 3-lobed; cells 1 -seeded. Seeds pendu-
lous, without albumen : embryo more or less curved
or straight : radicle short : lobes leafy or thickish.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, scarcely ever alternate,
without dots, generally furnished with stipules. Flowers race-
mose or corymbose. Pedicels articulated about the middle,
with a pair of minute bracteas. Almost exclusively natives of
intertropical America. The fruits of a few of the species are
edible. The bark of MALPIGHIA MOUREILA, is, according to
Aublet, employed in Cayenne as a substitute for bark. With
these exceptions, no remarkable properties can be assigned to
any of the Tribe.

I. MALPIGHIA.

Calyx 5-partite, furnished externally at the base
with 8-10 glandules. Petals clawed. Stamens with
filaments shortly monadelphous at the base. Styles
3, distinct. Drupe containing 3 one-seeded stones.

Shrubs. Peduncles axillary, either one-flowered or bearing
umbellated pedicels. — Named, by Plumier, in honour of Mar-
cello Malpighi, Professor of Medicine at Bologna, author of the
Anatomia Plantarum, published in 1765 and 1769.

VOL. I. L

146 THALAMIFLORjE.

1. Malpighia urens. Stinging West- India Cherry.
Branches pubescent, leaves oblongo-ovate sub-acu-
minate with the apex sharp rounded at the base gla-
brous above appresso-setose beneath, racemes axillary
solitary corymbose.

Arbor baccifera, folio oblongo subtilissimis spinis subtus
obsitis, fructu cerasino sulcato polypyreno,ossiculis canaliculatis,
Sloane, II. 106. t. 207. f. 3. — Malpighia foliis oblongis hispidis,
Browne, 229. — M. urens, Car. diss. t. 235, f. 1. — Lam. Ill t.
381. f. 1 — De Cand. Prod. I. 577.— M. Cubensis? H. B. $
Kunth, V. 145.

HAB. Not uncommon: Port- Royal mountains ; Rocky point,
at the East end of the Island.

FL. April.

About 6 feet in height: branches sub-erect, terete, with branch-
lets sub-compressed, pilose with appressed hairs which in the old
branches are black. Leaves opposite, shortly petiolated, oblongo-
ovate, subacuminate with the apex acute, glabrous above,
appresso-setose with stinging yellow setae beneath : petiole very
short. Peduncles axillary, short, bearing about 4 pedicelled
purple flowers in a corymbose raceme shorter than the leaf:
pedicels rather more than half an inch in length, arising nearly
from the same point of the peduncle, filiform, alternate, furnished
at the insertion with a minute bractea, and with a similar pair
where it is jointed below the middle. Calycine divisions lanceo-
late, setoso-pubescent. Petals purple, two of them rather larger
than the rest. Filaments subulate, united for a short distance
at the base. Styles longer than the stamens : stigmata green.

2. Malpighia glabra. Glabrous Barbadoes Cherry.

Leaves ovate acuminate acute at the base very entire
glabrous, peduncles axillary umbellated.

Arbor baccifera, folio subrotundo, fructu cerasino sulcato
rubro polypyreno, ossiculis canaliculatis, Sloane, II. 106. t. 207.
f. 2. — Malpighia fruticosa erecta, foliis nitidis ovatis acuminatis,
floribus umbellatis, ramulis gracilibus, Browne, 230. — M. gla-
bra, Willd. Sp. 731 — Mill. Diet. t. 181. f. 2 Cav. diss. t.

234. f. 1.

HAB. Common on the lower hills.

FL. September — November.

A shrub about 5 feet in height: branches erect, towards
their extremities compressed, pilose with appressed hairs.
Leaves ovate, acuminate with the apex sharp, acute at the base,
entire, obscurely nerved, glabrous, 2-3 inches in length. Stipules
inter-petiolary, minute, subulate, hairy. Raceme umbellated,

MALPIGHIACE/E. 147

axillary, shorter than the leaf, solitary : common peduncle half
an inch in length with appressed hairs ; pedicels of the same
length, one-flowered, with a pair of minute bracteoles below
the middle : flowers purple. Calycine segments oblong, con-
cave, 6-8 glandulose (one of the segments being eglandulose
and those on each side having in general only one glandule).
Petals with the limb crisped, fimbriated. Filaments subulate,
connate at the base: anthers yellow, tetragonal. Ovary ovoid,
glabrous : styles 3 : stigmata simple. Drupe spherical, from
the size of a large pea to that of a small cherry, smooth, shining,
scarlet, bearing the persistent remains of the styles : seed 3,
triquetrous with the angles acute, and with a sharp longitudi-
nal ridge running down the centre of the outer side.

The fruit of this species is juicy and of a sweet but rather
insipid taste, and is scarcely ever brought to the dessert. In
the wild state, this is a lowly shrub. When cultivated in gar-
dens, however, it attains the size of a small tree and the fruit
is much larger and more juicy ; but the leaves are usually smaller.
I have no doubt, but that the fruit might be still more improved,
by further cultivation.

3. Malpighia punicifolia. Pomegranate-leaved
West-India Cherry.

Leaves ovate very entire glabrous, peduncles axil-
lary 1 -flowered.

M. fruticosa erecta, floribus solitariis, Browne^ 230 — M. mali
punici facie, Plum. Gen. 46. t. 160. f. 2. — M. punicifolia,
Lamarck, Encycl. IV. 303.

HAB. Woods near Bath, St Thomas in the East.

FL. Autumn.

This has a great resemblance to M. GLABRA, of which it pro-
bably is only a variety.

II. BYRSONIMA.

Calyx 5-partite, externally at the base 8-10 glan-
dulose. Petals clawed. Stamens 10 shortly mona-
delphous at the base. Styles 3. Drupe with a nut
3-celled, 3-seeded. — De Cand.

Racemes spiked, terminal, simple or branched.

1. Byrsonima coriacea. Lotus-berry Tree.

Leaves oblongo-ovate acuminate ; the young leaves
ferrugineo-sericeo-tomentose, the adult subglabrous ;

148 THALAMlftOKJE.

racemes densely spiked simple, peduncles and pedicels
ferrugineo-tomentose.

Tilise affinis laurifolia, arbuti floribus albis racemosis odoratis-,
fructu pentagono, Sloane, II. 20. t. 163. f. 1. ? — Malpighia
arborea, Browne, 230 ? — M. arborea, foliis subrotundis, Browne,
231. — M. coriacea, Sicarlz, Fl. 2nd. Occ. 854.

HAB. Common on the South- side of the Island. Port-Royal
Mountains.

FL. June — August.

A tree, 20-30 feet in height : branches terete, glabrous,
except towards the extremities of the branchlets, where they
are ferrugineo-sericeo-tomentose. Leaves opposite, petiolate,
6-8 inches long and 2^ broad, lanceolato-ovate or oblongo-ovate,
acuminate with the apex bluntish ; the young leaves sericeo-
tomentose (resembling in colour the under surface of those of
the star-apple tree) : the adult leaves smooth shining above,
partially ferrugineo-tomentose at the base of the mid-nerve on
the under surface: petiole terete, ferrugineo-tomentose. Racemes
terminal, erect, simple, somewhat longer than the leaves.
Flowers numerous, crowded, yellow, with an orange tinge,
inodorous. Common peduncle angulose, ferrugineo-tomentose :
pedicels J an inch in length, ferrugineo-tomentose, one-flowered,
2-3 together, furnished at their insertion with small subulate
bracteas. Calyx 5-partite : divisions ovate, obtuse, erect, each
furnished at the base with a pair of rather large glandules.
Petals on a long channelled claw, roundish, concave, plicato-
corrugated. Stamens 1 0 : anthers opening by 2 longitudinal
slits. Ovary villous : styles 3, subulate : stigmata acute. Fruit
size of a small cherry, yellow : nut single.

The above description differs in several respects from those
of former Botanists. The leaves are not acute, nor is the
ealyx 10-crenated as stated by Swartz : nor are the flowers
white and odorous as described by Sloane.

This is a common but a very beautiful tree, graceful in its
port, and, when in flower, conspicuous for its profuse golden-
coloured flowers. The fruit is very palatable, and deserving of a
place at the dessert. It has received, I presume, the name of
Lotus berry, from its resembling in taste, that of ZIZIPHUS
LOTUS.

III. BUNCHOSIA.

Calyx 5-partite, externally 8-10 glandulose at the
base. Petals clawed. Stamens 10, monadelphous at
the base. Style 1, simple or 2-3-cleft at the apex.
Drupe with 2, rarely 3, nuts.

Racemes axillary, loosely spiked or subpanicled.

MALPIGHIACE^E. 149

1. Bunchosia media. Yellow-flowered West-India

Cherry,

Leave oblongo-lanceolate acute at the base obtuse
at the apex with a glandulose spot on each side of the
mid-rib towards the base, racemes simple, pedicels
jointed and furnished with 2 glanduliferous ciliated
bracteas near the base, style 3-gonal, stigma 3-lobed.

Malpighia media, Ait. Hort. Kew. III. 103 Bunchosia

media, De Cand. Prod. I. 581.

HAB. Road from Green Valley to Tweedside, Port-Royal
mountains.

FL. April — May.

A shrub about 8 feet in height, erect : branches terete, ash-
coloured, papillose. Leaves opposite, petiolate, elliptic, atten-
uated at the base, blunt at the apex, entire, obscurely nerved
and veined, glabrous (but to the glass furnished with distant
very minute appressed setae) ; a round green glandulose spot on
each side of the mid-rib, and towards its base : petiole short.
Racemes simple, axillary, in general longer than the leaf:
peduncles angulose; pedicels 1-flowered, ^ of an inch in length,
jointed near the base.' An ovate deciduous bractea at the
insertion of each pedicel, and a pair of minute ovate bracteoles
(glandulose on the back and near the base) situated at the joint
of each pedicel. Flowers yellow. Calyx at the base 8-glan-
dulose: divisions blunt, ciliated. Petals with a long claw,
roundish, concave, with the margin plicato-lacerated. Stamens
10 : filaments subulate, monadelphous at the base. Ovary
conical, glabrous, style subulate, 3-gonal. Stigmata 3-fid.
Drupe size of a pea, red, sub-3-lobed : nuts 2-3, with the shell
thin, membranaceous.

2. * Bunchosia nitida. Shining Bunchosia.
Leaves oblong acuminate glabrous eglandulose,
racemes simple shorter than the leaf.

Malpighia humilis et minus divisa, foliis ovatis nitidis,
baccis durioribus, Browne, 230? — M. nitida, Swartz, Obs. 180?
— Jacq. Amer. 136 ?— Cav. diss. VIII. 411. t. 239. f. 1.

HAB. Limestone districts. — Swartz.

FL. Summer.

A shrub, about 3 feet in height : branches decussating, erect,
terete, with the bark shining. Leaves decussato-opposite, pale
green, shining : petiole short. Racemes axillary, shorter than
the leaf, many-flowered: flowers yellow, size of those of the
MALPIGHIA OLABRA. Styles 3. Berry globose, subrotund,
3-lobed, 3-seeded, red : seeds oblongo-angulated, osseous.

150 THALAMIFLOKA:.

It is probable that Swartz's plant is identical with that which
I have described as B. MEDIA ; and that the glandules of the
leaves, and flower-stalks escaped his observation. According
to Jacquin, whose specimens were collected at Carthagena, the
style is single.

3. * Bunchosia paniculata. Panicled Bunchosia.

Leaves oblong cordate acuminate glabrous, racemes
panicled axillary and terminal.

Malpighia paniculata, Mill. Diet. No. 6. — Bunchosia pani-
culata, De Cand. Prod. I. 582.

HAB. ?

FL. ?

A shrub with purple flowers.

IV. TRIOPTERIS.

Calyx 5-partite ; divisions biglandulose at the base.
Petals subrotund, clawed. Stamens 10, with the
filaments subulate, subcoherent at the base, alternately
longer. Styles 3. Carpels 3, united at the base, 1-
seeded, expanded into 3 wings, of which 2 are superior
and 1 inferior, with sometimes a small dorsal crest. —
De Cand.

Name, from rgs/g three, and wrsgov a wing.

1. * Triopteris Jamaicensis. Jamaica Triopteris.
Leaves oblong acuminate venose glabrous, petioles
eglandulose.

Banisteria capsulis trialatis, foliis ovato-acuminatis, racemis
terminalibus, Browne, 231. — Triopteris Jamaicensis, Swartz,
Obs. 183.

HAB. Fences. — Swartz.

FL. ?

A twining shrub : branches terete, glabrous. Leaves shortly
petiolate, veined. Racemes terminal, axillary, compound : divi-
sions opposite, subdivided : flowers shortly pedicelled, small,
blue. Styles 3.— Swartz.

V. TETRAPTERIS.

The character of Triopteris, except that the car-
pels are expanded in 4 oblong wings, 2 superior, 2

MALPIGHIACEJE. 151

inferior and smaller, and also producing from the
dorsum 1-4 alaeform or subulaeform crests. — De Cand.

Petioles eglandulose. — Name, from reroa. four, and tfngov a
wing.

1. Tetrapteris citrifolia. Citron-leaved Tetrapteris.

Leaves ovato-oblong acute glabrous, umbels axil-
lary peduncled, the two inferior wings of the fruit
half the length of the upper.

Triopteris citrifolia, Gcertn. II. 168. t. 116 — Swartz, FL
Ind. Occ. 857. — Tetrapteris inaequalis, Cav. diss. t. 260. — Te-
trapteris citrifolia, De Cand. Prod. I. 587.

HAB . In mountain woods. Between Halberstadt and Gal-
loway House, Port-Royal mountains.

PL. June, July.

A shrub : branches long, trailing, ascending to a height by
throwing themselves over neighbouring shrubs and trees, sub-
terete, puberulous at their extremities. Leaves opposite, petio-
late, ovato-oblong, rounded at the base, acute at the apex, en-
tire, glabrous, membranaceous, nerved and veined, about 4 inches
long and 1 \ broad : petiole short, subterete, slightly channelled
above, puberulous. Umbels axillary and subterminal, pedun-
cled, shorter than the leaf, 4-flowered : peduncle compressed,
pubescent, bearing a pair of small leaves a short distance below
the leaf: pedicels subterete, thickened towards the flower, each
furnished with a minute bractea at the insertion, (forming as it
were a 4-leaved involucre for the umbel), and a pair, similar, a
little above the insertion. Flowers numerous, showy, yellow.
Calycine segments oblong, obtuse, incumbent; two of them
uniglandulose, 3 of them biglandulose at the base. Petals
clawed, roundish, slightly concave and slightly undulated to-
wards the claw. Stamens 10: filaments short, subulate, united
at the base: anthers incumbent. Ovaries 3, cohering, villous :
styles 3 : stigmata green. Carpels 3 ; the lower pair of wing*
half the length of the upper. Seeds solitary, subrotund, shining,
red.

VI. BANISTERIA.

Calyx 5-partite, externally at the base 8-10 glan-
dulose. Petals clawed, subrotund. Stamens 10, with
the filaments subulate and cohering at the base.
Styles 3, frequently expanded at the apex, into leaflets.
Carpels indehiscent, 3-1 -seeded, subdistinct, finally
separable, terminating in a simple membranaceous

152 THALAAIIFLOIUE.

wing, thickened on the upper side. Seed 1, pendu-
lous. Cotyledons thick, unequal. Radicle superior,
turned towards the hilum — De Cand.

Trees or shrubs, generally climbing. — Named, by Dr Hous-
ton, in honour of the Rev. ; John Banister, a Botanist, who lost
his life in Virginia, when engaged in collecting plants.

1. Banisteria laurifolia. Bay-leaved Banisteria.

Leaves ovato-lanceolate subacute sub-coriaceous
glabrous, petioles eglandulose, racemes terminal pani-
cled ferrugineo-tomentose, stigmata dimidiate.

Acer scandens, foliis laurinis, Sloane, II. 26. — Banisteria
laurifolia, Swartz, Obs. 182.— De Cand. Prod. I. 589.

HAB. Common in thickets.

FL. From February to the end of May.

Stem shrubby, twining: branches loose, terete, scabrous, when
young tomentose. Leaves opposite, petiolate, ovato-oblong,
subacute, subcoriaceous, glabrous : petioles when young ferrugi-
neo-tomentose, eglandulose. Racemes terminal, panicled. Pe-
duncles ferrugineo-tomentose. Flowers shortly pedicelled, yel-
low. A small roundish concave ferrugineo-pubescent bractea
at the base of each pedicel. Calycine segments oblong, obtuse.
Petals clawed, with the limb roundish. Filaments cohering at
the base. Ovary pubescent : styles 3, greenish : stigmata sim-
ple. Wings of the carpels about an inch in length.

2. Banisteria splendens. Showy Banisteria.

Leaves cordate apiculated orbiculato-oval sericeo-
pubescent beneath, petioles biglandulose at the apex,
racemes axillary subdichotomous corymbose.

Acer scandens minus, apocyni facie, folio subrotundo, Sloane,
II. t. 162. f. 2 — Banisteria foliis orbiculatis, Browne, 231 —
B. heterophylla, Willd. Sp. II. 742. — B. fulgens, Lam. Diet.
I. 368 — Cav. diss. IX. 426. t. 253.— B. splendens, De Cand.
Prod. I. 588.

HAB. Common on fences and in thickets. Liguanea, &c.

FL. March.

Fruticose : branches twining, terete, granulated, minutely
puberulous. Leaves opposite, petiolated, oval, subcordate at
the base, rounded but apiculated at the apex, entire, subgla-
brous above, appresso-puberulous beneath with stipitate hairs :
petiole terete, minutely puberulous, furnished close to the base
of the leaf with a pair of opposite sessile urceolate glandules.
Racemes axillary, corymbose ; peduncles dichotomous, or two

SAPINDACE.I. 153

together, furnished with imperfectly formed leaves, terete, puber-
ulous. Flowers showy, yellow, crowded at the extremity of
the peduncle, on pedicels half an inch in length. Calyx 5-fid,
with 4> of the divisions biglandulose, and the 5th naked. Petals
clawed. Filaments subulate. Ovary 3-gonal : styles spreading,
expanded at the apex.

VII. HETEROPTERIS.

Character the same as that of Banisteria, except
that the wing of the capsule is thickened from with-
out, instead of from above. — De Cand.

Name, from trign in another place, and trngov a wing.

1 . * Heteropteris casrulea. Blue-flowered Heterop-
teris.

Leaves ovate acute coriaceous glaucous shortly
petiolate, branches tuberculated, racemes axillary,
fruit slightly velvety at the base.

Acer scandens foliis citri, flore cseruleo spicato, Plum. Spec.
18. ic. 14 — Banisteria cserulea, Lam. Diet. I. 367. — Cav. diss.
IX. 421. t. 243.— Heteropteris caerulea, H. 13. et Kunth, V.
163.

HAB. Stated to be native of this Island and of St Domingo.

FL ?

ORDER XLIII. SAPINDACE^:.

Calycine sepals 4-5, either free or cohering at the
base ; aestivation imbricated. Petals usually of the
same number as the sepals, occasionally one less, very
seldom none ; sometimes naked, sometimes villous or
glandular in the middle, sometimes with an interior
petaloid scale. Stamens double the number of the
petals, inserted on a hypogynous glandular disk.
Ovary subrotund. Style 1 or 3. Fruit drupaceous
or capsular, 3-celled, or by abortion 1- or 2-celled.
Seeds solitary in each cell, attached to the axis, exal-
buminous : embryo with the radicle pointing towards

!54 THALAMI FLORAE.

the base of the cell : cotyledons more or less curved
upon the radicle, . occasionally straight.— De Cand.
el Lindl.

Trees or shrubs, erect or climbing. All of them natives of
the warmer parts of the globe.

I. CARDIOSPERMUM. Heart-peas.

Calycine sepals 4, with 2 of them small. Petals
4, internally appendiculated, with the appendices un-
equal. Glandules 2, hypogynous, between the petals
and the stamens. Stamens 8. Styles 3. Carpels 3,
inflated, membranaceous, connate at the axis, winged
on the back, evalvular. Seeds globose, with a broad
cordate hilum. Cotyledons thick, unequal. — De
Cand.

Stems herbaceous or suffruticose, sub-scandent. Peduncles
racemose at the apex, with the 2 inferior branchlets abortive
and cirrhose. — Name, from xagdia the heart, and avsg/Aa, seed,

1. Cardiospermum villosum. Common Heart-pea.

Branches villous, leaves biternate, leaflets incised
crenato-serrated incano-villous especially beneath,
glandules 2 hypogynous abbreviated rounded, capsules
spherical hispidulous.

Pisum vesicarium, fructu nigro alba macula notato, Sloane, I.
238 — Cardiospermum, Browne, 213 — C. halicacabum, Lunan,
Hort. Jam. I. 365.

HAB. Common on fences and in thickets, in dry hot situa-
tions.

FL. Spring.

Stem fruticose at the base : branches scandent, 7-anguloso-
sulcatedj subincano- villous. Leaves alternate", biternate : leaf-
lets (the centre one the largest), petiolulated, ovate, apiculated,
inciso-serrated with the lobes rounded, nerved and veined, in-
cano-villous especially beneath : petiole terete, 3-lineated above.
Racemes axillary, longer than the leaf, compound, with the two
lower branchlets cirrhose : peduncle tetranguloso-sulcated, sub-
incano-villous : pedicels about 3 lines in length, filiform, to the
glass minutely puberulous. $ Flowers deciduous: the two
outer sepals roundish, green, very minutely ciliated : 2 inner
sepals much longer than the outer, subpetaloid, roundish, con-
cave, glabrous. Petals 4, larger than the inner sepals, obovate,
furnished at the base with a petaloid scale, induplicated with a

SAPINDACE.E. 155

yellow glandulose thickening at the duplicature. Glandules 2,
hypogynons, short, thick. Stamens 8 ; filaments monadelphous
at the base, nearly as long as the petals. Rudiments of the
pistil consisting of a small villous ovary, and short style, con-
cealed in the centre of the stamens. <j> Flowers persistent.
Calyx and corolla as in the barren flowers. Stamens shorter
than the styles ; anthers ovate, white, apparently abortive.
Ovary 3-gonal, 6-lineated, villous : styles 3, erect, shorter than
the petals : stigmata obtuse. Fruit pedicelled, subglobose,
inflated, sub-3-alate, 6-lineated, hispidulous, 3-celled : cells 1-
seeded.

This species is nearly allied to C. MOLLE, but is distinguished
from it by the leaves not being sharply serrato-incised, and by
the hairs not being appressed. It is very different from C.
HALICACABUM, with which it has hitherto been confounded.
According to Barham the seeds are narcotic; bruised in water
and applied externally, they relieve the pain in gout, and are
useful in chronic affections of the joints ; and mixed with sugar
they may be given for cough. The decoction of the root is
mucilaginous and somewhat nauseous, and has the reputation of
being lithontriptic.

2. Cardiospermum grandifloriim. Large-Flowered
Heart-Pea.

Stem frutescent at the base, petioles and leaves
pubescent, leaves triternately divided, glandules 2
hypogynous elongated linear, capsules acuminate very
large tomentose.

Swartz, Prod. 64. — PL Lid. Occ. 698.

HAB. Common in thickets, especially on the lower hills.

FL. June — October.

Stem frutescent at the base, subscandent : branches angulose,
pubescent. Leaves alternate, petiolate, triternate : leaflets pe-
tiolulated, ovate, slightly acuminate at the base, very much so
at the apex, deeply serrated with the teeth bluntish, nerved,
pubescent : petioles subterete, striated, pubescent. Peduncles
axillary, solitary, elongated, usually longer than the leaf, an-
guloso-striated, pubescent, bearing at the apex a compound ra-
ceme : branclilets about an inch in length, the 2 lower ones
abortive and cirrhose, the others somewhat crowded and
whorled, each furnished with a small lanceolate bractea at
the insertion, bearing a number of pedicelled white flowers.
Flowers polygamous. $ Flowers : deciduous. Calyx with
the 2 outer sepals small, roundish : the 2 inner several times
larger, oval, concave. Petals 4, subequal, obovate, rounded at
the apex : the appendices petaloid, \ the length of the petals,
slightly incrassated at the apex and tipt with yellow, obliquely

156 THALAMIFLOR*:.

traversed on the inner surface with a delicate ridge. Hy-
pogynous glandules connected at the base, linear, slightly in-
curved. Stamens 8 : filaments of nearly the same length as
the petals, monadelphous at the base where they adhere to the
hypogynous disk: anthers reniform, curved. Rudiments of
the pistil consisting of a small villous ovary and short style,
concealed in the centre of the groupe of filaments. <j> Flowers :
Calyx and corolla the same ; but the hypogynous glandules
shorter and broader than in the barren flowers. Stamens half the
length of the petals, (of nearly the same length as the ovary),
free at the base : anthers oblong, cordate at the base, apparently
destitute of pollen. Ovary oval, 6-angular, pubescent : styles
3, erect rather longer than the petals, cohering towards the
ovary : stigmata obtuse. Carpels 3, connate to form a capsule
2 inches in length, of a somewhat pyriform shape, inflated, acu-
minate, tomentulose : seeds globose, shining, black with a white
heart-shaped hilum.

II. SERJANIA.

Calyx 5-sepalled. Petals 4, appendiculated on the
inner surface, with the place for a fifth petal vacant.
Stamens 8. Carpels 3 (samaroid) longitudinally con-
nected, 1 -seeded at the apex, dilated beneath into a
membranaceous wing. — De Cand.

Scandent shrubs, with leaves ternato-compound.

1. Serjania equestris. Mountain Supple-jack.

Leaves biternate, leaflets ovate retuse apiculated
attenuated at the base crenato-serrated towards the
apex glabrous with the upper surface shining, petioles
naked, wings of the carpels oblong and rounded at
the angles.

HAB. Common.

FL. October.

Stem shrubby, climbing to a considerable height on neigh-
bouring shrubs and trees: branches long," virgate, 3-gonal,
somewhat sulcated and puberulous toward their extremities.
Leaves alternate, bi-ternate : leaflets about 2 inches long,
ovate, retuse, apiculated, attenuated (the middle leaflet wedge-
shaped) at the base, bluntly serrated for the terminal half,
nerved, shining on the upper surface, glabrous except a minute
villous tuft in the axils of the nerves beneath, thin, membrana-
ceous : common and partial petioles naked, 3-gonal, bisulcated
above. Tendrils axillary, bifid. Racemes axillary and termi-
nal, solitary, longer than the leaf, divaricating, compound,

SAPINDACE.E. 157

many-flowered : common peduncle 3-gonal, minutely puberu-
lous : branchlets an inch or more in length, with a small lanceo-
late bractea at the insertion of each, bearing about lOpedicelled
white flowers : pedicels short, puberulous, furnished at the in-
sertion with a minute ovate acute bractea. Flowers polyga-
mous. Calycine sepals 5 ; the 2 outer small, roundish ; the 3
inner three times larger than the outer, obovato-subrotund,
with 2 of them cohering. Petals 4, of nearly the same size as
the larger sepals, appendiculated on the inner surface ; appen-
dices petaloid, | the length of the petals, hooded from the
margin being inflected, tipt with yellow, and glandulose at the
apex, villoso-ciliated. Hypogynous glandules 4, minute, green.
Stamens 8, inserted on the disk supporting the pistil ; filaments
subulate, unequal in length, pubescent: anthers small, oblong,
yellow. Pistil, in the barren flowers, scarcely perceptible ; in
the fertile, ovary 3-gonal : style 3-fid, persistent. Carpels
united to form a 3-winged capsule, cordate at the base, emargi-
nate at the apex : wings thin, membranaceous, veined, to the
glass puberulous : cell situated at the apex of the samara, in-
ternally villous. Seed oval, compressed.

2. Serjania divaricata. Spreading Supple-jack.

Leaves biternate, leaflets ovate acuminate retuse
blunt slightly attenuated at the base subentire shining
and glabrous above, pubescent and minutely punctu-
lated beneath, panicles axillary, wings of the carpels
dilatato-rounded.

Paullinia divaricata, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 696 — S. divari-
cata, De Cand. Prod. I. 603.

HAB. Common, Port-Royal mountains.

FL. February.

Stem woody, climbing to a great height : branches angulose
and sulcated, and towards their extremities pubescent. Leaflets
4-5 inches long and about 21 broad, ovate, acuminate with the
apex retuse and blunt, slightly attenuated and the middle leaf-
let somewhat wedge-shaped at the base, entire with the excep-
tion of a few distant blunt teeth, shining and glabrous above,
pubescent and punctulated with minute brown dots beneath,
nervose, reticulato-venose, stiffish : petioles compressed, angu-
loso-sulcated : the central partial petiole elongated, subalate.
Tendrils axillary, solitary, longer than the leaf, angulated, bifid.
Panicle axillary, on a long foot stalk ; divisions racemose, alter-
nate, divaricating : common peduncle anguloso-sulcated, pubes-
cent ; its branches short, with a small lanceolate bractea at the
insertion, bearing several pedicelled flowers; pedicels short
with a minute bractea at the insertion. Calycine sepals and
petals as in S, equestris. Filaments 8, subulate. Ovary 3-go-

158 THALAMIFLOIUE.

nal: style 3-fid : stigmata simple. Capsule 3-winged : seeds
ovate.

III. PAULLINIA.

Calycine sepals 5, subunequal. Petals 4, interiorly
appendiculated, with a vacant space for a fifth which
is awanting. Stamens 8, subunequal. Capsule leath-
ery, 3-cellecl, S-valved. Seeds half covered with a
membranaceous arillus. — De Cand.

Climbing shrubs, with compound leaves. Named, by Lin-
nseus in honour of Simon Paulli, Professor of Botany at Copen-
hagen, author of Botanicum Quadripartitum, 1640; and Flor;i
Danica, 1648.

1. Paullinia Jamaicensis. Common Supple-jack.

Capsule pear-shaped, valves subacute, leaves biter-
nate, leaves ovate crenato-serrated towards the apex
wedge-shaped towards the base, subglabrous, inter-
mediate petiole marginate.

P. sarmentosa, Browne, 212.

HAB. Limestone districts.

FL. October.

A shrub, climbing, a few feet in height : branches long, un-
armed, towards their extremities anguloso-sulcated and minutely
puberulous or subglabrous. Leaves biternate : leaflets unequal,
ovate or oblong, apiculated, coarsely and sparingly crenato-ser-
rated towards the apex, entire and wedge-shaped towards the
base, nerved, glabrous except the axils of the nerves beneath,
membranaceous : common petiole terete : intermediate petiolule
distinctly margined ; lateral ones partially. Racemes terminal,
compound : branches simple, but sending off, near the base, a
simple tendril : flowers small, white, in clusters, pedicelled,
polygamous. Calycine sepals subunequal. Capsule stipitate,
pear-shaped, 3-celled, 3-lobed, when ripe of a red colour : valves
obovate, subacute. Seeds solitary, size of a pea, semiglobose,
black, half covered with a white arillus of a meally texture :
cotyledons curved and folded round the embryo ; radicle turned
towards the base of the seed.

The branches of this species, from their roughness and flexi-
bility, are commonly employed as riding switches. Quantities
of them are annually sent to Europe. The bark is usually re-
moved, and to prevent their becoming brittle, it is recommended
to rub them with oil. The seeds possess the property of in-
toxicating fish. It is said, that those of some species of SERJANIA

SAPINDACEJE. 159

have a similar property. This species has usually been con-
founded with P. CURASSAVICA, from which it differs in several
particulars.

IV. SAPINDUS.

Calycine sepals 4-5. Petals 4-5, internally glan-
dulose or bearded. Stamens 8, with the filaments
villous. Style 1 : stigmata 3. Carpels 3, globose,
fleshy, connate, C2 of them in general abortive : seeds
spherical. — De Cand.

Trees without thorns. The Name, is an abbreviation of
SAPO-!NDICUS, Indian Soap, from the berries of one of the
species being employed as a substitute for Soap.

1. Sapindus Saponaria. Soap-berry.

Rachis of the leaves decurrent broadly winged,
leaflets lanceolate very entire 4-5 paired, the termi-
nal ones very much acuminate.

Prunifera racemosa, folio alato costa media membranulis
utrinque exstantibus donata, Sloane, II. 131 — Sapindus foliis
oblongis, Browne, 206. — Nux Americana, foliis alatis bindis,
Comm. Hort. I. t. 94. — Sapindus saponaria, Linn. Sp. 526.

H All. Common on the South side of the Island. Hills above
Liguanea.

FL. September, October.

A tree from 15 to 30 feet in height, branches erect, round,
smooth, ash-coloured. Leaves alternate, pinnate, 4—5 paired:
leaflets subsessile, 3-4 inches long and 1 \ broad, oblongo-lanceo-
late, acuminate with the apex blunt, membranaceous, sub-glab-
rous above, velutino-pubescent beneath : common petiole
winged. Panicle terminal ; peduncle as well as the branches
angulose, minutely velutino-tomentulose. Flowers small, white,
numerous, crowded, about 3-together, shortly pedicelled. Se-
pals of the calyx 5, roundish, concave, the two outermost smaller.
Petals 5, resembling an inner scale of the calyx, than whose
sepals they are shorter, clawed, elliptic, fringed with hairs. An
annular disk formed of yellow connate glandules between the
stamens and the petals. Stamens 8, filaments subulate, spread-
ing, villous with white hairs especially near the base ; anthers
didymous. Ovary small : styles 3, minute, short. Berry size
of a cherry ; seed black.

The fleshy covering of the seeds of this tree, and in a less
degree the root, make a lather in water, and serve all the pur-
poses of soap, being very generally employed by the lower classes
in washing their coarse linens. It has been observed, how-

1(JO THALAMIFLORJE.

ever by Labat, that they are apt to burn and injure the texture of
the cloth. The seeds are round, smooth, and black, about the
size of a cherry, and were at one time imported into Eng-
land for buttons to waistcoats. In the present day, they are
tipt with gold, and strung as beads, or made into crosses, and
are very ornamental. They appear to be possessed of medi-
cinal properties. Bruised or pounded, and thrown into ponds
of water, they intoxicate and kill any fish that may be there.
Given to fowls, they are said to be a preventative against their
getting a disease, which is very fatal to them in the West-Indies,
called the fowl-yaws. A tincture, prepared by infusing the
bruised berries in spirits, is often used as an embrocation in
rheumatism. It has also been confidently stated, that the
tincture or extract is a medicine of singular and specific virtue
in Chlorosis. The timber of this tree is soft, and not durable.

V. BLIGHIA.

Calyx 5-partite. Petals 5. Stamens 8. Style
very short : stigmata 3. Carpels 3, connate, fleshy,
dehiscent : seed solitary, placed on a large fleshy
arillus.

Named, in honour of Captain Bligh, who first carried the
Bread-fruit to the West- Indies.

1. Blighia sapida. Akee.

Koenig, Ann. Sot. II. 571. — Akeesia, Tussac, Fl Aut, I. 66.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. After the rains in May.

This tree, a native of Africa, is now very common through-
out the Island. It comes into bearing about Christmas, when
it forms a beautiful object from the contrast of the red colour
of the fruit, with which it is loaded, with the bright green of
the leaves. The fruit is brought in great abundance to the
Kingston market. The arillus, which supports the seed, is the
part which is eaten. It is prepared by parboiling in water
with salt, and afterwards stewing or frying with butter, or by
simply boiling in soups. It is very wholesome, and from its
soft rich flavour well deserves the appellation of the vegetable

VI. SCHMIDELTA.

Flowers generally monoico-polygamous. Calyx
4-partite. Petals 4, bearded within at the middle of
the disk. Stamens 8. Ovary didymous. Carpels
2, subconnate, berried, 1 -seeded — JDe Cand.

SAP1NDACE.E. 161

1. Schmidelia Cominia. Shrubby Cominia.

Leaves trifoliate, the middle leaflet petiolulated,
the two lateral subpetiolulated, oblong acuminate
slightly attenuated at the base serrated pubescent
above villous beneath, racemes compound.

Baccif'era Indica trifolia, fructu rotundo monopyreno, Sloane,
II. t. 208. f. 1 — Arborea foliis undulatis pinnato-ternatis, flori-
bus minitnis, racemis terminalibus, Browne, 205. — Allophyllus
Cominia, Swarlz, Prod. 62. — Schmidelia Cominia, JFY. Ind. Occ.
667.— Ornithorpe Cominia, Willd. Sp. II. 323.

HAB. Common in the lower mountains.

FL. August, September.

A shrubby tree, about 15 feet in height. Branches long,
somewhat erect, terete, pubescent towards their extremities.
Leaves alternate; common petiole 2£ inches long, terete,
pubescenti-villous; leaflets elliptico-lanceolate, acuminate, slight-
ly attenuated at the base, serrated, pubescent above, villous be-
neath, penni-nerved, veined. Racemes axillary, solitary, com-
pound ; branches 2-4 inches long, straight, spreading, simple,
spike-like. Flowers small, yellowish, numerous, shortly pedi-
celled, 3—4 together in clusters. Rachis roundish, villous :
pedicels reflected. Hermaphrodite and male flowers on the
same raceme. <jj> Fl. Calyx of 4 sepals ; 2 of them smaller ;
roundish concave. Petals 4 smaller than the larger sepals,
white, roundish, ciliated, pilose about their middle, each, at
their base, with a minute yellow bilobed glandule. Ovaries 2,
situated at the lower part of the flower, at the side opposite to
where the petals are placed, greenish, pubescent : style erect,
longer than the sepals, bifid at the apex ; stigmata reflected.
Stamens 8 ; filaments shorter than the petals : anthers evidently
abortive, pale. Berry globose, size of a coriander seed, orange-
coloured, solitary, 1 -seeded, from one of the ovaries being
abortive. Seed roundish. $ FL As in the hermaphrodite, ex-
cept that the stamens are contiguous at their base, and are twice
the length of the sepals ; anthers cordate, yellow.

This is a plant deserving of notice, principally for the singu-
lar disposition of the different parts of the flower. There are
some inaccuracies in the description of Swartz, which I have
attempted to correct.

VII. CUPANIA. Loblolly-wood.

Calycine sepals 5. Petals 4, glabrous on the inner
surface, hooded. Stamens 8. Style 3-fid. Capsule
3-celled, 3-valved, with the valves septiferous from

VOL. I. M

162 THALAMIFL01UE.

the middle ; cells 1-2-seeded : seeds erect, arillated. —
De Cand.

Trees, with abruptly pinnated leaves, and the flowers fre-
quently male from abortion. — Named, from Francisco Cupani, a
Sicilian Monk, Author of several Botanical Treatises.

1. * Cupania glabra. Glabrous Loblolly-wood.

Leaves 3-4-jugate, leaflets ovate obtuse crenated
glabrous acuminate at the base.

Cupania arborea, foliis oblongis crenato-serratis distiche et
alternatim sitis, racemis laxis propendentibus, Browne, 178 —
C. glabra, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 659.

HAB. Mountains of Jamaica and Hispaniola, Swartz.

FL. Spring.

A shrubby tree, with the stem about 10 feet in height.
Leaves pinnated : leaflets alternate, shortly petiolulated. Ra-
cemes axillary and terminal, compound ; divisions alternate,
patulous ; flowers numerous, crowded, very shortly pedicelled,
minute, white, polygamous. Hermaphrodite flowers not so
numerous as the male. Calycine sepals 5, internally pubescent.
Petals very shortly clawed, obtuse, hooded, ciliated. Disk 8-
toothed. Filaments, in the male flowers, longer than the co-
rolla. Ovary subtrigonal : style 3-fid : stigmata erect. Cap-
sule shortly stipitate, subrotund, obtusely 3-gonal, 3-celled,
subventricose, very glabrous : seeds solitary, arillated for more
than half their length. — Swartz.

Browne states that this is a common tree in the lower hills.
It is singular that I have not yet met with it.

2. Cupania apetala. Apetalous LoUolly-wood.

Apetalous, leaves 5-7 paired, leaflets sub-opposite
oblong acute at the base rounded and subemarginate
at the apex entire shining and glabrous above sub-
puberulous beneath.

HAB. Scott's pass, Hopewell Plantation ; road from Mount
Henry to Ross's Valley, and that from Halberstadt to Galloway
House, Port-Royal Mountains.

FL. June.

A tree, with the stem erect, 15-20 feet in height ; branches
erect, brownish, angulose and compressed towards their extre-
mities. Leaves opposite, pinnated, 5-7 paired : leaflets 3
inches long, sub-opposite, shortly petioluled, oblong, subacumi-
nate with the apex obtuse and sub-emarginate, wedge-shaped
at the base, entire, glabrous and shining above, minutely pu-
berulous especially in the angles of the nerves beneath, nerved,

SAI'INDACEJE. 163

reticulato-venose : petiole about 6 inches long, 3-quetrous : pe-
tiolules very short, incrassated. Panicle axillary, much longer
than the leaves ; common peduncle angulose, sulcated, minutely
puberulous ; branches angulose. Flowers numerous, small,
yellow, shortly pedicelled, arranged in clusters on the short
branchiate of the panicle. Bracteas minute. Flowers polyga-
mous; on the same raceme. $ Fl. Calycine sepals 5, ovate,
concave, pubescent. Petals 0. Stamens 8, inserted on a green
fleshy 8-crenated disk: filaments 3 times the length of the
calyx, horizontally spreading, pubescent. Rudiments of the
ovary sub-rotund, villous. | Fl. Calyx as in the barren flower.
Petals 0. Stamens half the length of those of the barren
flower, and with the anthers apparently imperfect, deciduous.
Ovary on a short thick stipe, 3-gonal, villous: style length
of the stamens, subulate, pubescent : stigmata 3, spreading.
Capsule shortly stipitate, (stipe 2. lines in length), 3-gonal,
3-lobed, 3-celled, (1 or 2 of the cells not unfrequently imper-
fectly developed), of a red colour, bearing the persistent style :
valves 3, coriaceous, septiferous down the middle, dehiscent:
seeds solitary, oblong, black ; arillus light orange-coloured ;
cotyledons slightly curved.

VIII. HYPELATE.

Flowers by abortion polygamous. Calycine sepals
.3. Petals ,5, plane, glabrous internally. Stamens 8,
free. Style 1 , undivided : stigma trigonal, deflected.
Drupe 1 -celled, 1-seeded — De Cand.

The Name, was employed by Pliny to designate a species of
Laurel. It is derived from u~-/i\aro; purgative. It was given
by Browne to the following species, I presume, from the leave*
resembling those of the Laurel.

1 . * Hypelate trifoliata. Three-leaved Hypelate.

Broicne, 2Q8.—Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 653. t. 14.

HAB. Lower hills, of the limestone formation.

FL. August.

A shrubby tree: branches loose, fragile, ash-coloured.
Leaves ternate ; leaflets obovate, coriaceous, shining, very
glabrous, impunctate ; petioles slightly margined. Panicles
axillary, erect, longer than the leaf, subcorymbose. Flowers
small, white, polygamous, with those which are male, and those
which are hermaphrodite on different racemes. Sepals ovate,
concave, coloured. Petals rather smaller than the sepals,
ciliated, deciduous. Disk fleshy, yellow. Filaments in the male
flowers longer than the sepals. Pistil obscure in the male : in
the hermaphrodite subrotund, globose. Drupe size of a pea,
when ripe black, pulpy : nut oval, 1-seeded. — Swartz.

[64 THALAMIFLOR.fc.

IX. MELICOCCA.

Flowers frequently polygamous. Calyx 4-5 par-
tite, persistent. Petals either O, or 4-5, inserted on
a hypogynous disk. Stamens 8. Ovary 2-3 celled,
2-3 seeded; style 1, sub-3-lobed. Drupe or berry
corticose, by abortion in general 1-celled, 1-2-seeded :
seeds gelatinoso-baccate.

Trees with leaves abruptly pinnated, and with flowers race-
mose, white — Name, from /«X/ honey, and y.oxxos a berry.

1. Melicocca bijuga. Genip Tree.

Leaves bijugate, rachis subulate, racemes with its
divisions simple spike-shaped, flowers 4-petalled,
drupe oblongo-spherical.

Jacq. Amer. 108. t. 72 Swartz, Obs. 146. — M. carpoodea,

Juss. Mem. Mus. III. 187. t. 4.

HAB. Common.

FL. April — June.

A tree, 30-40 feet in height, with spreading branches.
Leaves abruptly pinnated : leaflets 2-paired, subopposite, sub-
sessile, of a somewhat ovate shape, acuminate at both ends,
glabrous, nervose : petiole (or rachis) slightly compressed,
subulate (especially when the tree is young). Racemes termi-
nal, compound, of about 6 simple branches, bearing a number
of pedicelled whitish fragrant flowers in a spike-like manner.
Male and hermaphrodite flowers on distinct trees. $ Ft.
Calyx 4-partite nearly to the base ; divisions somewhat oblong,
obtuse, concave. Petals 4, larger than and alternating with
the divisions of the calyx, obovate, rounded at the apex, ciliated,
inserted on the edge of a depressed 4-sided hypogynous disk.
Stamens 8, longer than the petals, with subulate filaments in-
serted on the depressed centre of the disk. <j> Fl. Calyx and
corolla as in the Barren flowers. Stamens shorter than the
petals, inserted on the margin of the disk. Ovary compressed.
Drupe size of a pigeon's egg, green : rind subfragile ; pulp flesh-
coloured, gelatinous, of a sweet subacid slightly astringent
taste, adhering tenaciously to the seed : seeds 2, or by abor-
tion 1.

This, though a very common tree, is not indigenous to the
Island. Browne informs us that the first of them was brought
from Surinam, by one Guaf of the Jewish nation. In Jacquin's
time it was still rare in the Island. The Genip is a large and
beautiful tree, affording an extensive and grateful shade. The
leaves are annually shed, and the new ones are produced with

SAP1NDACEJE. 165

the flowers in Spring. The flowers diffuse their fragrance to
a considerable distance, and attract swarms of bees and hum-
ming birds. The fruit is very much esteemed, especially by
the natives of the country. The nuts, in the Caraccas, are
roasted and used as a substitute for Chesnuts.

X. DODON^A.

Flowers in general (from abortion) polygamous or
dioecious. Calyx 4-partite, deciduous. Petals O.
Stamens 8, with very short filaments, and oblong or
linear anthers. Style filiform, distinct from the wings
of the capsule, sub-3-fid at the apex. Capsule 2-3
valved, 2-3 celled, 2-3 winged De Cand.

Shrubs, with leaves oblong, and frequently viscose. — Named,
after Rambert Dodoens, Professor of Medicine, Author of
Fragum Historia, 1552, and Pemptades, 1583.

1. Dodonaea Jamaicensis. Common Dodoncea.

Leaves lanceolate or lineari-lanceolate attenuated at
the base rounded and apiculated at the apex sub-
viscose, flowers shortly racemose.

Aceri f. Paliuro affinis, angusto oblongo ligustri folio, flore
tetrapetalo herbaceo, Sloane, II. 27. t. 162. f. 3? — Triopteris
erecta fruticosa, Broivne, 191. t. 18. f. 1. — D. angustifolia.
Swartz,Obs. 150.— D. Jamaicensis, De Cand. Prod. I. 616.

HAB. Common in the mountains, and moist marshy savan-
nahs.

FL. February.

A shrub, 6-10 feet in height : branches slender, of a ferru-
ginous colour, compressed towards their extremities, angulated,
sub-viscose. Leaves alternate, very shortly petiolated, narrow
lanceolate or lineari-lanceolate, attenuated towards the base,
obtuse with a bluntish apicula at the apex, entire with the
margin slightly revolute, glabrous, shining above, sub-viscose,
stiffish, usually 4 inches long, and J of an inch broad. Racemes
terminal, compound, short, of several obscure greenish-yellow
flowers: pedicels filiform. $ Ft. Calycine sepals 4, sometimes
unequal, oblong, obtuse. Filaments 8, very short : anthers
large in proportion, oblong, incurved. The rudiments of the
pistil in the centre. £ FL usually on the same individual. Calyx
as in the male, but the sepals only 3. Anthers of the same size
as in the former, but abortive. Ovary globose, 3-sided with
the angles winged : style erect, length of the sepals, 3-fid at
the apex : stigmata simple. Capsule with three membranaceous
wings : seeds solitary, oblong, slightly compressed.

166 THALAM1FLOBJE.

The figure of Sloaue is incorrect as regards the leaf; and the
pedicels are too long.

The leaves are not strictly viscid, but rather as if they had
been smeared with a solution of Isinglass or Mucilage, and then
allowed to dry.

ORDER XLIV. MELIACE.E.

Calycine sepals 4-5, more or less united to form a
monophyllous calyx. Petals of the same number as,
and alternating with the sepals, with the claw broad,
frequently connivent or united ; aestivation valvular.
Stamens usually twice the number of the petals,
rarely equal, or of a greater number: filaments
united to form a tube, bearing the anthers sessile on
the summit. Ovary single, supported upon an annu-
lar disk : style 1 : stigmata more or less deeply divid-
ed into 4 or 5 lobes. Fruit berried, drupaceous or
capsular, many-celled, frequently 1 -celled from abor-
tion ; with the valves, when they are present, septi-
ferous. Seeds albuminose or exalbuminose, with the
dicotyledonous embryo varying in shape.

Trees or shrub, with leaves alternate, exstipulated, simple or
compound, natives of Tropical countries. They are all more
or less bitter to the taste, and many of the species prove tonic
and febrifuge when administered internally.

I. MELIA.

Calyx small, 5-fid. Petals 5, oblongo-linear, patent.
Stamens 10, the filaments united into a tube, at the
apex 20-toothed, antheriferous internally round the
throat. Ovary sitting on a subelevated torus : style
filiform : stigma capitate, 5-angular. Drupe ovate ;
nut ,5-sulcate, 5-locular, with the locules one-seeded :
albumen fleshy : cotyledons plane, leafy : radicle
superior — De Cand.

Trees with the leaves impari-pinnate or bipinnate. — Named,

M ELI ACE*:. 167

from the foliage resembling that. of the Manna- Ash, <%£>./«,
from /^">.i honey.

1. Melia sempervirens. Hoop-tree, or West-India
Lilac.

Leaves bipinnate, leaflets about nine in number
incised slightly angulose shining, petiole roundish at
the base.

Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. II. 737.— Bot. Reg. t. 643. — M.
Azedarach, var. /3. Linn. Sp. 550.

HAB. Common ; especially in fences.

FL. Throughout the' year.

A shrub, sometimes acquiring the port of a tree: branches
erect, long, terete, glabrous. Leaves at the ends of the branches :
leaflets ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, unequally serrated, nerved,
veined, of a bright green. Panicles axillary, solitary, corym-
bose : flowers numerous, showy, blue mixed with purple and
white, pedicelled. Calyx minute, pubescent. Petals lineari-
lanceolate, spreading, reflected. Tube of the filaments 10-
striated, toothed at the apex, of a deep purple, hairy within :
anthers oblong, yellow. Ovary conical, glabrous : style erect :
stigma 5-lobed. Drupe subglobose, yellow : nut 5-sulcated.

This shrubby tree, although now very common, is probably,
as it is not noticed by either Sloane or Browne, an introduced
plant, and merely a variety of M. AZEDARACH, a native of the
Cast Indies.

We are informed by Dr Ainslie that a sort of toddy may
be obtained from young healthy trees of this species, as well as
from those of M. AZADIRACHTA, and that it is prescribed as a
stomachic by the Hindoo doctors.

The bark of this tree is bitter and astringent, but by no
means disagreeable to the taste. We are informed by the
Author just quoted, that it is regarded, by the native practi-
tioners of India, amongst their most valuable tonics. They
generally prescribe it in powder or decoction combined with
some aromatic, as a substitute for Cinchona, in Fevers and
chronic rheumatism. The bark of the root is said to be a
powerful anthelmintic ; and is much employed by the Javanese,
and in the Mauritius, and the southern States of America. In an
overdose it is said to be followed by stupor, dilatation of the
pupils, difficulty of breathing, spasmodic twitchings, &c., symp-
toms similar to those produced by SPIGELIA ANTHELMIA. It
is given in decoction, prepared by boiling four ounce's of the
fresh root in a quart of water, till it has acquired the colour of
strong coffee : of this, a table-spoonful is taken every hour, till
the worms come away. It acts on the tape-worm, as well as the

168 THALAMIFLOR7E.

ascarides and the round worm. The dried berries are said to
have a similar effect.

The pulp of the ripe fruit, mixed with lard, forms an ointment
for Tenia. The ripe fruit also yields a valuable bitter fixed oil,
which is administered internally for worms, and employed ex-
ternally to foul ulcers, and as a liniment in rheumatic and neur-
algic affections. There is a case of hysteria related in the
Transactions of the Medical and Physical Society of Calcutta,
(Vol. I. p. 123.) by G. Skipton, Esq., in which a decoction of
the leaves of the M. AZADIRACHTA was given with the best
effects. As the species we have been describing has nearly
similar properties, a trial might be made of a similar prepara-
tion of its leaves.

It is mentioned in the third volume of the Transactions of
the Medical Society of Calcutta, that Dr Piddington had
obtained from the M. AZADIRACHTA, a bitter febrifuge principle,
in the form of small white shining crystals, which he styles
Azadirine. There is no doubt but that it also might be pro-
cured from the plant before us.

A gum may be obtained by making incisions in the bark.
The branches being long and supple, it has been proposed to
employ them in making hoops.

II. TRICHILIA.

Calyx 4-5 toothed. Petals 4-5, ovate or suboblong.
Stamens 8-10 ; filaments either subdistinct or closely
united into a tube, antheriferous internally at the
apex. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled (rarely 2-valved,
2-celled), with the valves septiferous at their middle ;
cells 1-2 seeded. Seeds baccato-arillated, exalbumi-
nous : embryo inverted : cotyledons 2, very thick.
-De Cand.

Shrubby trees. — Name, from rg^a ternary, from the circum-
stance, that nearly all parts of the plant are produced in threes.

1. Trichilia Sloanei. Sloane's Trichilia.

Leaves impari-pinnate, leaflets 3-4-paired ovato-
lanceolate or elliptic acuminate, racemes axillary to-
wards the ends of the branches, filaments cohering
into a tube for jths of their length villous.

Pruno forte affmis arbor, folio alato, flore herbaceo pentape-
talo racemoso, Sloane, II. 128. t. 220. f. 1.— T. hirta? Swartz,
Obs. 171.— De Cand. Prod. I. 622.

MELIACEJU. 169

HAB. Common.

FL. Towards the end and earlier months of the year.

A tree about 20 feet in height ; branches ash-coloured, te-
rete, towards their extremities slightly compressed, greenish,
puberulous. Leaves situated principally at the ends of the
branches ; leaflets 3-4-paired, petiolulated, ovato-lanceolate,
scarcely elliptic, acuminate with a blunt point, rounded and
unequilateral at the base, entire, nerved with the axils of the
nerves excavato-blistery and puberulous, otherwise glabrous,
membranaceous : petiole sub-terete: petiolule a third of an inch
in length. Racemes several, towards the ends of the branches,
axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaf, panicled : peduncle com-
pressed, minutely puberulous : branches alternate, dichoto-
mously subdivided, at length dividing into 3 pedicels : pedicels
about tbe 4th of an inch, terete, pubescent, 1-flowered : flowers
yellowish, fragrant. Bracteas oblong, one at each of the divi-
sions of the peduncle, deciduous ; bracteoles a pair, small, ovate,
opposite, below the middle of the two lateral pedicels, the cen-
tre one being naked. Calyx small, puberulous, 4-5-fid ; teeth
erect, bluntish. Petals 4-5, oblong, puberulous, spreading.
Stamens 8—10: filaments cohering for |ths of their length to
form a tube, 4-5-agonal, pubescent, ciliated : anthers yellow,
oblong, acute, with the apex incurved. Disk amber-coloured,
puberulous, 4— 5-lobed. Ovary seated on the disk, green, coni-
cal, pubescent: style short; stigma capitate, acute, yellow.
Fruit size of a cherry, greenish, velutino-tomentose, globose,
3-valved, 3-celled ; usually with only 2 of the cells perfecting
the seed : seed solitary, hemispherical, blackish : arillus scarlet.

This is, I have no doubt, the T. HIRTA of Swartz and De
Candolle. The name, however, appeared to me to be very
inapplicable, as even according to the specific character of the
latter Botanist, no part of the plant is particularized as being
remarkable for its hairiness. Specimens found in the neigh-
bourhood of Kingston were 8-androus : those collected in the
mountains were 10-androus. I may here mention that the fila-
ments only slightly cohere, and that they are easily separated.

2. Trichilia spondioides. Plum-leaved Trichilia.

Leaves impari-pinnate, leaflets 7-10 paired ovato-
lanceolate, when old glabrous, when young puberulous
along the under surface of the nerves and near the
margin, racemes axillary, filaments subdistinct.

Evonymus caudice non ramoso, folio alato, fructu rotumlo
tripyreno, Sloane, II. 103. t. 210. f. 2 and 3 Trichilia spon-
dioides, Swartz, FL Ind. Occ, 730. — Jacq. H. Schambr. I. t.
102.

170 THALAMIFLOK/E.

HAS. Common every where, especially in the lower moun-
tains.

FL. Summer.

A tree, 15 or 20 feet in height; stem, especially when
young, erect, straight, either simple, or with a few brandies at
its extremity : branches straight, terete, glabrous. Leaves situ-
ated at the ends of the branchlets, usually a foot and a-half in
length ; leaflets subopposite, petiolulated, ovato-lanceolate, at-
tenuato-acuminate, the old ones glabrous, the young glabrous
above but puberulous beneath in the axils of the nerves and
along the margin, 3 inches in length and rather more than 1
long. Racemes axillary-terminal, peduncle elongated, com-
pressed, puberulous ; branchlets short, partially subdivided ;
pedicels very short, jointed above the middle, furnished at that
point with a pair of minute ovate acute bracteoles ; flowers
greenish yellow. Calyx minute, 5-partite, spreading. Petals
5, oblong, bluntish : filaments 10, broad, ciliated, and internally
villous, externally glabrous : anthers small, ovate, yellow, erect.
Ovary conical, amber-coloured at the base, hairy : style thick :
stigma capitate, depressed. Capsule size of a small cherry,
roundish, pubescent; seeds solitary, oblong, covered with a
scarlet arillus.

This is a very common tree, possessed neither of beauty nor
of any useful quality. In the French Islands it receives the
name of Mombin batard, from its foliage resembling that of the
Hog-Plum.

3. Trichilia moschata. Common shrubby Muskwood.

Leaves pinnated, leaflets alternate oblongo-lanceo-
late acuminate puberulous beneath, flowers decan-
drous.

HAB. Port-Royal mountains.

FL. February.

A shrubby tree: branches erect, terete, slightly papillose.
Leaflets 9, alternate, petiolulated, oblongo-lanceolate, acumin-
ate, entire, puberulous along the nerves beneath especially when
young, about 5 inches long, and nearly 2 broad: common peti-
ole slightly compressed. Cyme axillary: common peduncle
minutely puberulous : pedicels short. Flowers yellowish-white.
Calyx externally puberulous, 5-fid. Petals 5, slightly cohering
at the base, externally (under the glass) puberulous. Stamens
10 : filaments united : anthers ovato-lanceolate. Ovary glo-
bose, sericeo-pubescent : style short : stigma subcapitate, green-
ish.

MELIACEJE. 171

|3. T. moschata, var. Octandra. Octandrous shrubby
Muskwood.

Leaves impari-pinnate, leaflets opposite oblongo-
lanceolate subacuminate blunt undulated shining
above, flowers sub-S-androus, capsule usually 2-seeded.

Swartz^Fl. Ind. Occ. 735 — Andr. Sot. Rep. t. 637.

HAB. Common in the mountains.

FL. May— October.

A shrubby tree, about 12 feet in height: branches erect,
terete, slightly warty, glabrous. Leaves impari-pinnate : leaf-
lets about 3-paired, opposite, petiolulated, oblongo-lanceolate,
bluntish, sometimes retuse, entire, slightly undulated, glabrous,
shining above ; petiole 6 inches in length. Cyme axillary, much
shorter than the leaf: flowers shortly pedicelled, small, yellowish.
Calyx minute, 4-toothed, minutely puberulous. Petals 4, ovate,
obtuse, minutely puberulous externally. Filaments 8, distinct,
bidentate at the apex, receiving the anthers between the teeth :
anthers lineari-lanceolate. Ovary globular, green, glabrous,
3-celled ; cells biovuled : style short : stigma capitate, 3-lobed.
Capsule 3-valved : only 1 seed in two of the cells coming to
perfection : arillus scarlet.

The resemblance between this and the preceding variety is
so great, that though they may differ in some particulars, they
are evidently mere varieties of the same species.

4. Trichilia membranacea. Membranaceous-leaved
Trichilia.

Leaves pinnated, leaflets 10 in number alternate
elliptico-lanceolate membranaeeous glabrous, flowers
sub-10-androus, cyme axillary.

HAB, Port-Royal mountains.

FL. February.

A shrubby tree, seldom more than 12 feet in height : bran-
ches spreading, terete, papillose-scabrous. Leaves disposed in
a pinnated manner, alternate, petiolulated, 4 inches long and 1|
broad, elliptico-lanceolate, acuminate at both ends, entire, pen-
ni-nerved, glabrous, (when young puberulous beneath) mem-
branaeeous: common petiole subterete. Cyme axillary and
subterminal : peduncle somewhat compressed, with a small del-
toid bractea at each of its divisions. Calyx minute, irregularly
5-4 dentate. Petals 4-5, ovate. Stamens 10, or by abortion
8: filaments united into a tube, bearing the anthers internally,
with teeth alternating. Ovary globose, sericeo-pubescent : style
short: stigma capitate, subconical. Fruit globular, sericeo-
pubescent, 3-sulcated : arillus deep purple.

172 THALAMIFLOBJE.

5. Trichilia glabra ? Glabrous Trichilia.

Leaves pinnated, leaflets alternate obovato-oblong
rounded at the apex, glabrous with the outermost
leaflet the largest, panicle terminal, flowers decand-
rous, filaments distinct.

T. terminalis, Jacq. Amer. 130 ?

HAB. Common, Liguanea, and Port-Royal mountains.

FL. April.

A tree, about 20 feet in height ; branches long, subsimple,
bearing the leaves and flowers at their extremities. Leaves al-
ternately pinnated: leaflets about 10 in number, 3 inches long
and 1 broad, (the outermost one usually the largest) oblong,
unequilateral and attenuated at the base, more or less
rounded at the apex, glabrous, shining above, paler beneath :
petiolules short. Panicle terminal, longer than the leaves,
diffusely branched, many-flowered : flowers of a pale yellow, in
clusters. Peduncle compressed, angular, glabrous : pedicels
very short. Calyx 5-fid ; divisions subacute, ciliated. Petals
5, alternating with the divisions of the calyx, oblong, mucro-
nate, longitudinally veined, spreading. Stamens 10, inserted on
the disk, erect: filaments glabrous, but each increased inter-
nally at the base with a minute ovate villous appendage, which
converge so as to conceal the ovary. Ovary minute, orbicular,
depressed, crenulated at the margin.

III. GUAREA.

Calyx minute, 4-fid. Petals 4, obtuse. Stamens
8 ; filaments bidentate at the apex, usually united
among themselves, internally antheriferous. Stigma
capitate. Capsule subglobose, 4-celled, 4-valved.
Seeds solitary, arillated, exalbuminose. — De Cand.

Trees. — Guara is said to be the name of the Muskwood in
Cuba.

1. Guarea Swartzii. Muskwood Tree.

Leaflets 2-4 paired lanceolato-ovate acuminate pen-
ni-nerved, lateral nerves 6-7 prominent beneath, ra-
cemes elongated.

Lauro aifinis arbor, foliis latioribus ex adverso sitis, lignum
moschum olente, Sloane, II. t. 170. f. I.— Eleutheria arborea,
Browne. 369. n. 7 — Melia Guara, Jacq. Amer. 126. t. 176.—
Guarea trichilioides, Sivartz, Obs. 1 46.

MELIACEJE. 173

HAB. Common in Port-Royal mountains. Near St Cather-
ine's Peak. St Thomas in the East.

FL. January, February.

A tree about twenty feet in height, with spreading branches.
Leaflets opposite, petiolulated, smooth and shining above, pub-
erulous beneath with the axils of the nerves wooly. Racemes
6-12 inches long, simple. Flowers shortly pedicelled, white
fragrant, showy. Calyx small, 4-gonal, 4-fid. Petals ovato-
lanceolate, obtuse, reflected. Tube of the stamens tetragonal,
8-toothed : anthers 8, inserted on the inside of the mouth of
the tube. Ovary subrotund : style subulate, length of the tube
of the stamens : stigma 4-gonal, depressed. Capsule size of a
common plum, subglobose, of a russet colour, granulated, 4-
valved, 4-celled : seeds solitary, with a scarlet arillus.

All parts of this tree, especially the bark, have a strong
smell of musk, resembling that of the Alligator. From this cir-
cumstance the tree has received the name of the Alligator wood.
There cannot be a doubt, that many parts of this tree are pos-
sessed of medical properties. The powdered bark, according
to Dr Patrick Browne, is a good emetic ; and Aublet states,
that it produces violent purging and vomiting. The seeds are
bitter, and have a warm musky taste. The wood is soft and
of little value. It is sometimes employed for the staves and
heading of sugar hogsheads. It is not adapted for rum pun-
cheons, as it communicates its peculiar smell and a bitter taste
to all spirituous liquors. Long observes that the old women in
his time were in the habit of scenting their persons with the
powdered bark of this tree, " till they smelled like civet cats"$

IV. CEDRELA. Cedar.

Calyx minute 5-toothed. Petals 5, broad at the
base. Stamens 5, distinct, short ; anthers oblong.
Stigma capitate. Capsule woody, 5-celled, 5-valved:
seeds co, compressed, imbricated, terminating in a
membranaceous wing ; albumen fleshy ; embryo in-
verted ; cotyledons plane leafy.

Leaves abruptly pinnated ; pinnae of many pairs ; racemes
panicled, generally axillary. — The name, is derived from CED-
RUS, the cedar tree.

1. Cedrela odorata. West-Indian Cedar.

Leaflets ovato-lanceolate entire sub-sessile of a
similar colour on both sides.

174 THAL AMI FLORA:.

Pruno forte affinis arbor, maxima materie rubra lata odorata,
Sloane, II. t. 220. f. 2. — Cedrela foliis pinnatis, Browne, 158.
t. 10. f. 1. C. odorata, Lam. 111. t. 137. — Gcertn. de Fnict. II.

HAB. Common on the lower mountains and in the plains.

FL. January — March.

A tree of rapid growth, and attaining a considerable height.
The stem is round, and straight, especially where it has grown
up in the forest, or surrounded by lofty trees in a sheltered
situation. When it arrives at maturity, it is frequently four
feet in diameter. Leaflets glabrous, penni-nerved, entire, deci-
duous, renewed at the commencement of the year with the
period of flowering. Flowers pale-yellow, panicled ; panicle
drooping, opposite to the terminal leaf, subterminal : pedicels
short, 1-flowered. Petals oblong, obtuse, puberulous, pubes-
cent internally along a central longitudinal nerve, adhering at
their middle to the stalk-like torus. Stamens 5, alternating
with the petals, inserted along the side of the torus, where they
are distinct, incrassated, yellow, glandulose. Ovary egg-shaped;
stigma capitate, greenish. Capsule size of a plum, brownish.

De Candolle has fallen into an error in stating the inflorescence
of the genus to be axillary. In the species before us it is decid-
edly subterminal.

This is one of the most valuable timber trees of the Island.
The wood is of a reddish brown colour and has a pleasant
smell. The leaves, bark, and flowers of the growing tree on
the contrary give out, especially when young and after rains, a
most disagreeable alliaceous odour, resembling thatof assafoetida
or garlic mixed with that of highly dried tobacco, and is felt
very sensibly at a considerable distance. As a timber it is
superior to pitch-pine, and is employed for similar purposes. It
is particularly recommended for wainscoting rooms, and for
chests and the inside work of clothes' presses and drawers, from
the circumstance that vermin are not known to breed in it. This
may be ascribed partly to the strong odour it exhales, and also
to the bitter taste of the wood itself. Hence though it is
occasionally employed to make rum butts, it always communi-
cates, from the resin in the wood becoming dissolved, a peculiar
bitter taste. It has been remarked that pigeons never take to,
nor breed in a house made with this wood, probably from the
strong smell it exhales. In like manner bees never build in a
hive made of it. Meat also placed in a fresh cedar box, is
said to acquire a peculiar taste.

One of the principal purposes for which the cedar is employ-
ed, is for splitting into shingles to cover houses. They are
very durable and usually last for 15 years. They may be pre-
served much longer by giving them an occasional coat of oil
paint, or a composition of lime, molasses, and salt. I may here
remark, that trees grown in the forests are the best adapted for
splitting into shingles; for in exposed situations the stem is

MELIACE^E. 175

generally twisted, and the woody fibres are seldom straight,
from the many branches, which are given off, passing through
them.

This kind of cedar is seldom employed in ship-building.
Sometimes, however, the trunk of a large tree is hollowed out
into a canoe. This is easily done, as the wood is soft, and is
cut out with great facility. The vessel itself is light and car-
ries a great weight.

An amber-coloured Gum, resembling Gum Arabic in its pro-
perties, may be obtained in considerable quantities, by making
incisions in the bark.

The cedar grows readily from seed or cuttings. A fresh
post driven into the ground, readily takes root.

V. SwiETENIA.

Calyx very small, 4-fid, deciduous. Petals 4 or
5. Stamens 8-10, with the filaments united into a
tube, toothed at the apex, anther-bearing within.
Style 1 : stigma capitate. Capsule egg-shaped, woody,
5-celled, many-seeded, 5-valved, dehiscent to their
base with their edges opposite to the angles of the
central pentagonal placenta : seeds imbricated down-
ward, expanded into a wing : albumen fleshy : em-
bryo straight : cotyledons plane, leafy. — De Cand.

Three species are referred to this Genus. They are trees
with abruptly pinnated leaves. The bark of S. FEBRIFUGA, a
native of the East ladies, is employed for the cure of intermit-
tents. The genus was named by Jacquin, after Gerard L. B.
Von Swieten, at whose persuasion the Empress Maria Teresa
founded the Botanic Garden at Vienna.

1. Swietenia Mahagoni. Mahogany Tree.

Leaves sub-4-jugate, leaflets ovato-lanceolate un-
equal acuminate at the apex, racemes axillary panicled.
— De Cand.

Cedrus Mahagoni, Mill. diet. — Cedrela, Browne, 158. — Swie-
tenia Mahagoni, Jacq. Amer. 127. — De Cand. Prod. J. 625. —
Hooker, Bot. Misc. I. 2l.pl. 16.

HAB. Common.

FL. After the May rains.

A lofty tree, of a graceful spreading port, with the stem at-
taining very large dimensions. Leaves alternate, of 3—5 pairs
of leaflets ; leaflets shortly petiolulated, distant, ovato-lanceo-
late, sub-acuminate, oblique, subcoriaceous, glabrous, very en-
tire. Panicle axillary, 3-4 inches long, pendent, much branched,

176 THALAMI FLORAE.

glabrous, with the branches dichotomous, and at the base mi-
nutely bracteated. Flowers small, and greenish yellow.
Calyx minute, 5-lobed, with the lobes rounded, minutely ero-
ded. Petals oblongo-ovate, coriaceous. Tube of the stamens
cylindrical, shorter than the petals, 10-toothed at the apex, in-
ternally a little below the apex bearing the anthers, which are
small, ovato-rotund, yellow, alternating with the teeth of the
tube. Disk encircling the base of the ovary, amber-coloured,
short, denticulate. Ovary ovate, green: style cylindrical:
stigma peltate. Capsule egg-shaped, size of an orange, rufous
brown, minutely tuberculated, 5-celled, opening with 5 valves
from the base, covered within with a distinct coriaceous plate.
Receptacle central, large, 5-agonal, with the angles prominent,
opposite, and meeting up with the edges of the valves, so as to
form the septa of the cells : seeds attached to the apex of the
receptacle, 15 in each cell, some of the outer and upper ones
abortive, compressed, truncated at the base, expanded at the
apex into a rnembranaceous oblong wing : albumen white, thin :
radicle small.

The Mahogany delights in a light stony or marly soil, and
is a common tree in our plains and lower hills. I have never
met with it at an elevation above 3000 feet, nor very close to
the sea-shore. It is at present much more scarce than it
appears to have formerly been. It was from this Island that
the supply for Europe was in former times principally obtained,
and the Old Jamaica Mahogany is still considered superior to
any that can now be procured from any other country. In
1753, according to Dr Browne, 521,300 feet in planks were
shipped from this Island. It was formerly so plentiful as to
be applied to the commonest purposes ; such as planks, boards,
shingles, &c. Now, however, although by no means scarce, we
employ inferior woods on such occasions.

The beauty of the mahogany wood, is said to have been first
discovered by a carpenter on board of Sir Walter Raleigh's
vessel, at the time the ship was in harbour at Trinidad, in
1595. It is related that the first use to which mahogany was
applied in England, was to make a candle box. It was brought
into notice by Dr Gibbons, an eminent Physician in London,
about the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th century,
who had received some planks from his brother, who com-
manded a vessel in the West India trade. Since that, it has
been employed for every costly article of furniture, and occu-
pies a place in the drawing rooms and dining halls of royalty
itself, supplanting the oaken tables and pannelling of the olden
time. The most beautiful part of the wood is that obtained by
sawing across the bottom of the stem and root. No other
wood, not even the Yacca, can rival it in its infinitely diversified
shades, now waved, now dotted, and now clouded ; more varied
than even the tortoise shell, to which it bears some resem-

AMPELIDEA:. 177

blance. From its great hardness also, it takes the highest
polish of which any wood is susceptible.

Although the Spaniards were, in all probability, the earliest
to apply the wood to use, and although the French must be
allowed to excel in producing the most highly finished and or-
namental work from it, it is into England that the greater
proportion of it is imported, and where it is most extensively
employed. There is very little at present exported from this
Island. The principal supply is from Honduras ; but it is of a
very inferior description, the grain being open, and the wood
of a light and porous texture, and of a paler colour. Trees,
indeed, which have grown in low alluvial situations, never give
a rich and hard wood. Hence the Mahogany of St Domingo,
and that of the Bahama Islands, are considered superior to what
is at present exported from Jamaica.

Mahogany was formerly employed by the Spaniards in ship-
building. Captain Franklin took with him, to the Arctic Sea,
boats constructed in England of this wood ; the planks being
thin and light, and, in consequence, very portable. It is said to
be almost indestructible by worms, or in water, and to be bul-
let-proof.

The Bark of the Mahogany is astringent, and has been re-
commended in decoction for diarrhoea. The proportions are,
an ounce of the bruised bark to 2 pints of water, and to be
boiled down to one half. The late Dr Wright remarked, that
the bark of the boughs resembles Puruvian Bark in colour and
taste, although with a somewhat more intense bitter. Infused
in wine or spirits, it makes a very elegant tincture. It has
also been given with success in powder, as a substitute for Pe-
ruvian Bark.

ORDER XLV. AMPELIDE.E.

Calyx small, with the margin subentire. Petals
4 or 5, inserted on the outside of the disk which
surrounds the ovary. Stamens of the same number as
the petals, and inserted before them on the disk.
Ovary superior, 2-celled : style 1, very short: stig-
ma simple. Berry round, often by abortion 1 -celled.
Seeds- 4-5, or fewer by abortion, long: albumen
hard : embryo erect : cotyledons lanceolate.

1Y8 TH At AMI FtOmJE.

Scrambling or climbing shrubs, with tumid separable joints ;
flowers small, generally green ; inflorescence racemose. They
are all natives of the woods. The leaves are in general acid,
and the fruit resembles the common grape.

I. Cissus.

Calyx subentire. Petals 4. Stamens 4, opposite
to the petals. Ovary 4-celled. Berry 1-4 seeded.

Cissus is the Greek name for Ivy, and has been applied to
this genus from the circumstance of their climbing like that
plant.

1. Cissus sicyo'ides. Bastard Bryony.

Leaves cordate ovate with the apex retuse glabrous
thickish setaceo-serrated with the serratures appressed,
branchlets terete.

Bryonia alba geniculata, baccis e viridi-purpurascentibus,
Sloane, I. t. 144. f. 1. — Cissus sicyo'ides, Lam. III. t, 84. f. 1.

HAB. Common on Fences.

FL. After rains, throughout the year.

Stem frutescent, climbing : branches herbaceous towards their
extremities, geniculated, sub-simple, smooth. Tendrils opposite
to a leaf, bifurcated. Leaves alternate, petiolated, 3 or 4 inches
in length, and about 21 broad, somewhat succulent, of a dark
green colour, very glabrous. Stipules membranaceous, rhom-
boideo-falcate, produced below the insertion, deciduous. Ra-
cemes umbellated, of 5-rays, compound ; peduncle and its
branches angulose : pedicels short, 1-flowered. Bracteoles si-
tuated at the divisions of the peduncle, small, ovate, ciliated,
marescent. Calyx bluntly 4-dentate. Petals 4, greenish yel-
low, oblong, concave, spreading, deciduous. Stamens 4, erect,
inserted on the side of the disk, which is thus rendered sub-4-
lobed. Ovary sub-globose : style erect ; stigma cup-shaped.
Berry size and colour of a black currant, shining, 1-seeded :
seed spherical, conical at the apex.

This plant, in the wild state, ascends to a great height on
trees and rocks, sending down bundles of long cord-like fibres,
which take root when they reach the ground. These fibres,
when ripe, are strong and durable, and I have observed them
in old buildings, employed to bind down the rafters, in place of
nails. Even when the stem is injured or divided, the upper por-
tion still survives, and sends out a number of red cord-like fibres,
forming together a mass not unfrequently as large as a man's
head, some of which reach the surface of the soil, and take root.
It is cultivated about Kingston, and is trained to cover

AMPELIDE^J. 179

arbours. It affords in this manner a close shade, and preserves
its verdure in the driest seasons. It has received the very ill-
applied designation of " the Wild Yam" It is a favourite
among the Negroes as an application to sores, and is used as a
substitute for adhesive plaster. The leaves have a pungent
biting taste, resembling that of the Arum tribe. When bruised
in water, they make a lather like soap.

2. * Cissus rugosa. Rugose Bastard Bryony.
Leaves cordate trifid or quinquefid rugose, flowers
racemose. — Robinson.

Lunans Hort. Jam. II. 316.
HAB. Near Longville, Clarendon.
FL. — ?

According to Robinson, the leaves are divided like the Vine,
and the berries are as large as the common grape.

3. Cissus acida. Sorrel-Vine.
Leaves 3-foliate fleshy glabrous, leaflets obovate
wedge-shaped and entire at the base, toothed at the
apex.

Irsiola, Browne, 147 Bryonia alba, Sloane, I. 233. t. 142.

f. 6.— Vitis trifoliata, Plum. Spec. 18. t. 259. f. 5.— Cissus
acida, Swartz, Obs. ±9.—Jacq. Schcenb. I. t. 33.

HAB. Common, climbing on rocky banks and loose stone
walls.

FL. May — September.

Stem climbing, suffruticose, terete, glabrous, ash-coloured ;
flexuose, geniculated : branchlets short, green, compressed,
striated. Leaflets wedge-shaped and attenuated into a petiolule
and entire at the base, rounded and inciso- dentate at the apex,
sub-succulent, with the veins obscure and vein-like : petiole
semi-terete, channelled above. Stipules falciform, obtuse, de-
ciduous. Tendrils, those of the stem opposite to the situation
of a leaf which has dropt off, stiff : those of the branchlets op-
posite to the subterminal leaves, long, filiform. Peduncle op-
posite to the lower leaves of the branchlets, and longer than
them, solitary, anguloso-striated, bearing an umbel : rays of the
umbel 5, compressed, each bearing an umbellet of pedicelled
greenish yellow flowers. Bracteoles at the divisions of the
umbel and at the base of the pedicels, small, ovate. Calyx ur-
ceolate, obsoletely 4-toothed. Petals 4, oblong, thickened and
slightly hooded internally at the apex, deciduous. Stamens 4,
opposite to, and shorter than the petals, into the concavity of
whose hood the anthers are received. Style short, conical at
the base : stigma simple. Berry black, 1-seeded.
All parts of the plant have an acid taste.

180 THALAMI FLORAE.

4. Cissus trifoliata. Three-leaved Cissus.

Leaves 3-foliate glabrous, leaflets ovate acuminate
at both ends setaceo-serrated submembranaceous,
branches subalate.

Bryonia alba triphylla maxima, Sloane, I. 233. t. 144. f. 2.

Irsiola triphylla scandens, Broivne, 147. — Cissus trifoliata,

Jacq. Amer, 23. t. 182. f. 10. — Swartz, Obs. 50.

HAB. Common.

FL. July — September.

Stem woody at the base, climbing : branches herbaceous,
swollen at the joints, angulose, subalate, glabrous. Leaflets
petiolulated, ovate, acuminate at the apex which is sharp, sub-
acuminate at the base, remotely and sparingly setaceo-serrated,
submembranaceous, glabrous (except a few hairs in the axils of
the nerves beneath), nervose, rugulose, reticulato-venose ; the
lateral leaflets un equilateral at the base : petiole angulated,
channelled above. Stipules small, subrotundo-ovate, fleshy and
swollen at the base. Tendrils opposite to a leaf, bifurcated,
long, filiform. Peduncles opposite to a leaf (occupying the
place of an absent tendril), or subterminal, dividing into 3 or
more horizontally spreading branches, subdivided into two
branchlets, each bearing an umbellule with a solitary pedicelled
flower at the bifurcation. Flowers numerous, small, scarlet,
shortly pedicelled. Bracteas small, marescent, at the divisions
of the peduncle. Calyx sub-entire. Petals scarlet, oblong, de-
ciduous. Filaments erect ; anthers yellow. Ovary depressed :
style subulate : stigma simple obtuse. Berry size of a black
currant, purple, shining : seed solitary, size and shape of a co-
riander seed.

Cissus ALATUS of Jacquin appears to me to be the present
species, and C. TRIFOLIATA of the same Author, to be our C.
ACIDA.

II. VITIS. Fine.

Calyx sub-5-dentate. Petals 5 coherent at the
apex, separating at the base like a calyptra and
dropping off together. Stamens 5. Style 0. Berry
2-celled, 4-seeded, with the cells and seeds frequently
abortive.

Leaves simple. — The common Grape, VITIS VINIFERA is very
generally cultivated in the Island. It appears to thrive best in
situations near the sea-shore, as it there produces the fruit in
considerable abundance, and of a very good quality. In the
mountains it appears to be chilled and blighted by too much
moisture, and the berries are small, and ripen irregularly. It

AMPELlDEjE. 181

has been proposed to obviate these defects by root-grafting on
the native species — Name, from VITA life, in allusion to the
enlivening effects produced by the liquors prepared from the
juice of the fruit.

1. Vitis Caribasa. Water-withe.

Leaves cordate acuminate angulated dentate slightly
wooly above ferrugineo-lanuginose beneath.

Vitis fructu minore rubro acerbo, Sloane, II. 104. t. 210. f.
4. — Vitis sylvestris, uvis minoribus nigris, Browne, 178. — V.
Indica, Swartz, Obs. 95.— V. Caribsea, De Cand. Prod. I. 634.

HAB. Common in thickets, especially where the soil is of a
marly nature.

FL. May.

Stem woody: branches, angular, wooly, climbing. Leaves
alternate, petiolate, cordate, roundish, acuminate, more or less
angulated, 5-nerved at the base, with the reticulated divisions
of the nerves terminating at the margin in prominent teeth,
slightly lanuginose in white tufts above, and ferrugineo-lanu-
ginose beneath : petiole angulated, wooly. Tendrils opposite
to the leaves, compressed, wooly, bifid towards the extremity.
Racemes a crowded thyrse : peduncle elongated, opposite to a
leaf, thus occupying what would have been the situation of a
tendril, (and hence the tendrils are described by some Botan-
ists as racemiferous), dichotomonsly divided : branches subdi-
vided : terminal subdivisions bearing 10 or more shortly pedi-
celled small yellowish flowers. Calyx minutely 5-toothed.
Petals 5, oblong, cohering at the apex. Stamens 5, inserted on
the disk surrounding the base ovary. Ovary ovato-globose :
style short : stigma obtuse. Berries round, purple, 4-seeded.

This plant is commonly known in Jamaica by the name of
the Water-withe, from the circumstance, that, in the early part
of the year, the stem and large branches yield, when divided,
about a pint of a clear transparent fluid like water. It is
tasteless, and, I believe, wholesome, and is of great service to
travellers in the woods. By a wise and provident arrangement,
this plant is found most plentifully in limestone districts, where
the honeycomb rock prevails, and where few or no springs are
to be found. The fruit is small, of the size of a currant, and
has a rough acerb taste, recommending it for tarts. There is
no doubt, but that it is susceptible of improvement by cultiva-
tion, since there is a great difference in quality of the fruit of
different vines. I have never, however, observed it in our
gardens ; although the fruit, even in the wild state, ought to
entitle it to a place.

182 THALAM1FLOIUE.

ORDER XLIX. OXALIDE^E.

Calyx 5-sepalled or 5-partite. Petals 5, hypogy-
nous, clawed, twisted during aestivation. Stamens
10, usually more or less monadelphous ; 5 opposite
to the petals, forming an inner series, and longer than
the 5 which alternate with the petals : anthers 2-cell-
ed, innate. Ovary 5-angled and 5-celled : styles
5 : stigmata capitate or somewhat bifid. Capsule
ovate or oblong, sub-5-gonal, 5-celled, 5-10 valved,
bursting longitudinally at the angles : seeds few, fixed
to the axis, enclosed within a fleshy integument which
curls back on the maturity of the fruit, and expels
the seed elastically ; albumen cartilagineo-carnose ;
embryo inverted, length of the albumen, with the
cotyledons leafy, and the radicle long and pointing to
the hilum.

Suffruticose or herbaceous plants. Natives of the hotter and
temperate regions of the world. Their foliage is generally
acid. Several of the species, such as OXALIS ACETOSELLA of
Europe, contain oxalic acid. The OXALIS CRENATA, a native
of Columbia, and which has been introduced into the Island,
produces at the root, a number of tubers, resembling the potato.

I. OXALIS. Sorrel.

Calyx of 5 sepals, sepals free or coalescing at the
base. Petals 6. Stamens 10, shortly monadelphous
at the base ; the 5 outer ones shorter. Styles 5, peni-
cilliform or capitate at the apex. Capsule 5-agonal
or cylindraceous.

Perennial, caulescent, stipitate, or stemless ; leaves various,
but never abruptly pinnated — Name, from o£v$ sharp.

1. Oxalis Jamaicensis. Jamaica sorrel.

Stem decumbent branched pubescent, peduncles
axillary nearly the length of the leaf, generally 2-flow-
ered, leaflets obcordate ciliated, petals entire, styles
rather shorter than the inner stamens.

OXALIDE.3E. 183

Trifolium acetosum corniculatura luteum, Sloane, Cat. 90.

HAB. A common weed.

FL. Throughout the year.

Root woody, brownish, smooth, dichotomously branched.
Stem suffruticose, decumbent : branches long, trailing, filiform,
coloured, pubescent. Leaves alternate, palmato-trifoliate ; com-
mon- petiole li inch long, subterete, pubescent; leaflets subses-
sile, obcordate, glabrous, ciliated. Stipules none. Peduncle
axillary, shorter than the petiole, puberulous, 2-flowered :
flowers yellow, on a pedicel half an inch in length, each at the
base with a linear ciliated bractea. Calycine sepals oblong,
blunt, ciliated. Petals obovato-oblong, rounded at the apex,
coherent at the base. Filaments and anthers as in the generic
character. Styles 5, coherent. Capsule nearly an inch in
length, cylindraceous, 5-sulcated, puberulous, bursting elastically
at the angles, and projecting the seeds with a spring.

This is a very common weed in gardens, as also in coffee
pieces, and provision grounds. I cannot reconcile it either to
the O. STIUCTA, or O. COKNICULATA, to both of which it has
been referred. I have therefore been obliged to employ a new
specific designation.

2. Oxalis bipunctata. Bipunctated Wood- Sorrel.

Scape umbelliferous 3-9 flowered, leaflets rotun-
dato-obcordate glabrous and shining above puberulous
and aurantio-maculated along the margin beneath,
flowers shortly involucrated nodding, sepals with 2
orange-coloured spots at the apex.

Graham, Sot. Mag. 2781. — O. violacea, De Cand. Prod. I.
695?

HAB. A weed in Gardens, and in their vicinity ; in the higher
mountains.

FL. Throughout the year.

In addition to the specific character, I may add that the
root is fibrous, and bears a number of imbricated bulbules,
protected by ovato-lanceolate scales, the outermost of which are
inembranaceous, marescent ; the inner scales fleshy and external-
ly aurantio-striated. Leaflets with two arching nerves on each
side of the mid-rib : petiole arising from the base of a bulbule,
pubescent. Scapes arising solitary from the base of a bulbule
in the axil of a petiole, rather longer than the leaf. Involucre
short, sheathing, bidentate. Bracteas small, one at the base of
each pedicel, aurantio-bimaculated at the apex. The spots at
the apex of the sepals of an orange colour. Petals violet, deli-
cately veined. Filaments hairy : five of them twice the length
of the styles ; and five of nearly the same length. Stigmata
lobular, green, projecting between the longer filaments.

184 1HALAMIILOUJE.

This is probably, as Sir W. Hooker observes, merely a variety
of O. VIOLACEA. The O. ELEGANS and LATIFOLIA have, like this,
the sepals spotted near the apex. In none of the species, except
in this, have the spots, along the under surface of the margin
of the leaflets, been observed. The flower is rather beautiful :
but it is not a desirable acquisition to a garden, from the
numerous bulbules it produces, and by means of which, when
once established, it becomes a weed very difficult to eradicate.

II. AVERRHOA.

Calycine sepals 5, more or less cohering at the base.
Petals 5. Stamens 5, submonadelphous at the base.
Ovary angulated. Styles 5, persistent. Berry large,
oblong, 5-sulcated, 5-celled. Seeds few in each locule,
fixed to the axis.

Trees, natives of the East-Indies. Named, in honour of
Averroes, the most distinguished of the Arabian Philosophers,
born, about the middle of the 12th century, at Cordova, a city
of Andalusia.

1. Averrhoa Bilimbi. Silimbi or BimUing.

Calyx pubescent, petals with the limb ovali-oblong,
stamens 10, fruit obtusely angled, seeds without an
arillus.

Cav. diss. VII. t. 219,— Rumph. Amb. I. t. 36.— De Cand.
Prod. I. 689.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. May?

A tree seldom more than 15-20 feet in height. Leaves
pinnated and sensitive to the touch. Flowers on short racemes
of a red colour, situated along the stem and branches. Fruit
containing a strong acid, which is probably the oxalic.

This tree is a native of the East, and was brought to Jamaica
in the year 1793 in His Majesty's ship Providence. It is now to
be met with in several parts of the Island. The fruit is said
to form a pickle and preserve. The juice is employed to dis-
charge iron moulds from clothes, and ink and other stains from
furniture. Dr Mason Good recommends it, as an external
application, in several varieties of cutaneous disease.

ZYGOrHYLLE^. 185

ORDER L. ZYGOPHYLLE/E.

Calycine sepals 5. Petals 5, alternate with the
sepals, inserted on the receptacle. Stamens 10, distinct,
hypogynous ; 5 of them opposite to the sepals, and 5
to the petals. Ovary single, 5-celled: styles 5, united
into 1, sometimes subdistinct at the apex. Capsule
of o carpels, united among themselves and to a central
axis, with the cells opening at the upper angle : seeds
l-oo ; embryo straight ; radicle superior ; cotyledons
leafy.

Herbaceous or shrubby ; leaves stipulated at the base, fre-
quently compound. Plants belonging to this order are more
or less bitter, with a slight degree of acridity.

Tribulus. Caltrops.

Calyx of 5 deciduous sepals. Petals 5, patent.
Stamens 10. Style O. Carpels 5, fixed on an axis,
triangular, indehiscent, hard, gibbous, spiny, trans-
versely many- rarely one-celled. Seeds solitary in
each cell.

Diffuse herbaceous plants. Flowers in general yellow. The
generic designation is derived from ron; three and fioXogapoint,
in reference to the points of the carpels. The English name
Caltrops is given to it, from the resemblance the fruit has to
the machines which were formerly cast in the way to obstruct
an enemy's cavalry.

1. Tribulus Cistoides. Cistus-like Turkey-Blossom.

Leaves 8-jugate, leaflets subequal silky beneath,
peduncles length of the petiole.

Jacq. Schoenbr. 103. — Pluh. t. 67. f. 4.

HA13. Common in the Plain of Liguanea.

FL. After rains, during the warmer months.

Root perennial, woody. Stems several, 1-2 feet long,
herbaceous, procumbent, round, hairy (a minute curled pubes-
\ence intermixed with the long hairs), reddish, jointed, sending
oK^ short horizontal branches. Leaves opposite, the one com-
posed of 3-4 and the other of 6-8 pairs of leaflets ; leaflets,
shortly petiolulated, lineari-oblong, apiculate, delicately veined,
glabrous above except along the mid-rib, sericeo-villous be-

186 THALAMIFLORJE.

neath. Stipules interpetiolary, deltoid, hairy : common petiole
terete, silky. Peduncles axillary, about the length of the leaf,
filiform, pubescent, 1-flowered. Flowers large, showy, yellow.
Sepals £ an inch in length, lanceolate, nerved, hairy. Petals
broad towards the apex. Stamens 10; anthers oblong and
much compressed, opening at the sides. Ovary ovate, setose
with long white hairs; styles 5, short, united into 1 ; stigmata
oblong, puberulo-papillose, yellow. Carpels 5, united into a
globose 3-angular capsule, muricated with herbaceous spines or
tubercles, hairy.

This is a very showy plant when in flower. It blossoms in
great profusion after rains, so that the pastures about Kingston
appear at times, from the neighbouring hills, as if covered with
a bright yellow carpeting. Poultry are very fond of the flowers
and seeds of this plant, and are said to acquire a superior
flavour, and to become fat from feeding on them. This would
appear to be an introduced plant, as it is rather limited in its
locality, and has not been noticed by either Sloane or Browne.

2. Tribulus decolor. Pale-flowered Turkey-Blossom.

Leaves 3-4-jugate, the outer leaflets the largest,
pedicels shorter than the leaf, carpels unarmed con-
nected into a 10-ribbed, 10-seeded fruit.

T. terrestris major, flore maximo odorato, Sloane, I. 209. t.
132. f. 1.— T. foliis senis pinnatis, floribus singularibus,
Browne, 220. t. 21. f. 3 — T. maxiinus, Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 462.
—Lam. III. t. 346. f. 2.

HAB. Common on the dry sandy situations.

FL. After rains.

Stems procumbent, subterete, somewhat succulent, slightly
tinged with red, pubescent, somewhat swollen as if jointed at
the situation of the leaves. Leaflets shortly petiolulated, ovato-
oblong, apiculated, ciliated, pubescent beneath, nerveless with
exception of the mid-rib : petiole sub-3-gonal, terminating in a
subulate hairy apicula. Stipules a pair to each leaf, lineari-
subulate, ciliated. Peduncles axillary, solitary, at first shorter
than the leaf, afterwards as the fruit ripens elongating, one-
flowered. Flowers of a pale tawny buff colour, much smaller
than those of the preceding species, slightly fragrant. Sepals
subulate, thicK, hairy, persistent. Fruit inversely pear-shaped,
with an acuminate blunt beak; the lower portion 10-ribbed,
(the ribs tuberculated), 10-seeded or fewer from some of the
carpels having the seeds abortive.

I have changed the specific designation from maximus, as the
flowers are by no means remarkable for their size, not being
one third that of the T. CISTOIDES. The capsule has some
resemblance in form to that of the genus THUNBERGJA, but
inverted.

ZYGOrilYLLE-rE. 187

II. GUAIACUM.

Calyx 5-partite, obtuse. Petals 5. Stamens 10,
with filaments naked or subappendiculated. Style
and stigma 1. Capsule substipitate, 5-celled, 5-an-
gled, or from abortion 2—3 celled : seeds solitary,
fixed to the axis, pendulous ; albumen cartilaginous,
rimulose ; cotyledons thickish. — De Cand.

Trees, with the wood hard ; leaves abruptly pinnated ; pe-
duncles axillary. Name, from guaiac, the appellation given to
the tree by the natives of Guiana.

1. Guaiacum officinale. Lignum- J^itce tree.
Leaves bijugate, leaflets obovate or oval obtuse.

Pruno vel Evonymo affiuis arbor, folio alato buxeo subrotun-
do, Sloane, II. 133. t. 122. f. 3, 4, 5, 6. — Guaiacum, Browne,
225 — G. officinale, Swarlz, Obs. 168. — Gcertn. Fruct. II. t.
113.— Lam. 111. t. 342.

HAB. Plains on the South side of the Island, within 4 miles
of the sea-shore.

FL. February.

A tree seldom more than 12 feet in height, of a rounded
form : branches crowded, flexuose. Leaves opposite, bijugate :
leaflets sessile, more or less obovate, rounded at the apex,
nerved, glabrous : common petiole terete, channelled above.
Peduncles axillary, 1—3 together, an inch in length, 1-flowered,
filiform, minutely puberulous. Calycine sepals 5 ; two exterior,
somewhat broader than the others ; all of them obtuse and in-
cano-tomentose. Petals 5, thrice the length of the sepals,
oblong, bluntish, internally tomenlulous. Filaments 10, twice
the length of the sepals, grooved on the back: anthers bifid at
the base, arcuate, yellow. Ovary and style compressed ; stig-
ma simple. Capsule obcordate, succulent, glabrous, yellow,
2-5-celled : seeds solitary, roundish, compressed.

The bark of this tree is thick and smooth, of a greyish colour.
The wood is very hard, heavy, so as to sink in water, to the
taste slightly bitter, inodorous (but when ignited giving out a
slight fragrant smell). It takes a fine polish, and turns well.
It is much used where solidity is an object, such as for ship-
blocks, bed-rollers, pestles, &c. The centre of the wood is of
an obscure green, and is the part which contains the larger
proportion of resin: the outer layer or sap is more yellow,
lighter, and contains very little of the resin.

The Gum- resin known by the name of the Gum Guaiacum,
is procured from this tree. It is friable, semitransparent, of a
brownish green, light, and diffuses in burning a somewhat

188 THALAMIFLOIUE.

agreeable odour. It has a slight degree of bitterness, and pro-
duces a smarting or burning sensation in the fauces. It dissolves
entirely in alcohol ; and partially in water. Oxalic acid is pro-
duced by treating it with nitric acid.. It either flows spontane-
ously and concretes in tears, or is obtained by incisions. This latter
operation is performed in May, and the juice, as it flows out, is
concreted by the sun. It may also be procured by sawing the
wood into billets, and boring a hole longitudinally through
them, so that when one end of the billet is laid on the fire, the
gum flows readily from the other, and is collected in a calabash
or gourd. It may also be obtained by boiling the chips or
raspings in salt water, when the gum will separate from the
wood and rise to the surface.

The Spaniards first imported the Guaiacum wood from Ameri-
ca into Europe in the year 1 508. It had the reputation of being
antisyphilitic, and the names holy wood, and icood of life were given
to it, and it was in such esteem as to be sold at the rate of
seven dollars the pound. It was in the height of its reputation
in 1519, in consequence of the celebrated warrior Van Hutten
having been cured by it, after eleven unsuccessful attempts to
remove the symptoms he laboured under by means of mercury.
This mineral was at that time not administered to the wealthy
or great, but the use of it was confined to cases occurring among
the commonalty. Gradually, however, in course of time, it
came to supersede the Guaiacum, so that the latter has, in a
great measure, fallen into disuse in the treatment of syphilis.
It is still, however, considered as a diaphoretic and alterative.
A decoction of the wood is prepared by boiling 8 ounces of the
chips in two pints of water, till reduced to one-third ; and to be
taken in the course of the day. It has been found useful in
rheumatism, diseases of the skin, leucorrhoea and scrofula. It
is also employed as an adjuvant to mercury, and is said to
moderate salivation produced by that medicine. An extract
and a syrup may also be made from the wood, and an essential
oil may be obtained by distillation.

The gum is used in powder or dissolved in alcohol or wine.
When taken internally, it occasions a feeling of warmth in the
stomach, increases the heat of the body, and quickens the circu-
lation. Its action is stimulant and tonic, and, in large doses,
purgative. It has principally been employed in chronic dis-
eases, such as rheumatism and gout. Professor Dewees of
Philadelphia has recommended the following tincture in cases
of obstructed menstruation: — Take, gum Guaiacum, §viij:
carbonate of soda, siij ; pimento, §ij ; rectified spirits, Ibij ; mix
and add to every 4 oz. of this tincture, volatile spirits, 3!.
Dose, a teaspoonful three times daily. The common tincture
of gum Guaiacum has been employed, diluted with water, as a
gargle to clean the mouth, strengthen the gums, relieve tooth-
ach, &c.

RUTACE.E. 189

ORDER LI. RUTACE.E.

Calycine sepals 3, 4, or 5. Petals rarely O , gene-
rally of the same number as the sepals. Disk glan-
dulose, fleshy. Stamens equal in number to the
sepals or double or triple. Style dividing into stig-
mata corresponding in number to the carpels. Car-
pels 1-5, one-celled, dehiscent, 2-valved, cocculose
internally from the endocarp changing into an elastic
coccule contained within the external integument.
Seeds fixed in an inverted position to the inner angle :
embryo straight, compressed ; radicle superior j coty-
ledons leafy.

Perennial herbaceous plants, shrubs or trees : almost all of
them with glandules dispersed through the different organs and
diffusing a strong odour. Leaves without stipules, alternate or
opposite, simple or compound. This Order is rather extensive,
comprehending nearly 300 species, natives of all countries, and
to be found in every situation. Those which are inhabitants of
northern latitudes, are in general herbaceous and endowed with
fetid properties. Such is the Rue tribe, the species of which
are said to be emmenagogue, anthelmintic, and sudorific. The
Bucku tribe, peculiar to the Cape of Good-Hope and Australasia,
are neat heath-like plants, with an aromatic odour, and have
been employed of late in urinary complaints. The Cusparia
tribe are principally natives of South America, and several of
them, such as the Angostura bark, have the reputation of being
possessed of febrifuge qualities. And lastly, the Prickly yellow
tribe, common to South America and the West Indies, have
been found to be acrid, stimulant, and tonic.

I. ZANTHOXYLUM. Yellow-wood.

Flowers hermaphrodite, or by abortion dioecious or
monoecious. Calyx 3-9-lobed, more frequently 4-5
partite. Petals equal in number and alternating with
the lobes of the calyx, rarely O. Stamens generally
equal in number and opposite to the lobes of the
calyx. Carpels connate at the base or free, by abor-
tion frequently reduced to a fewer number, so as to
be in some species solitary ; when mature 2-valved,
1-3-seeded : seed shining.

190 THALAM1FLORJE.

Shrubs or trees, frequently prickly. Leaves in general
alternate and punctato-glandulose. Name, from gaj^og yellow,
and gyXov wood. The timber of several trees belonging to this
genus is very valuable. It is very durable, which may be as-
cribed to the oil with which it is impregnated.

1. Zanthoxylum pterota. Saven-tree, or bastard
Iron-wood.

Aculeate leaves impari-pinnate, leaflets obovate
crenated subemarginate, petiole slightly margined,
prickles 2 stipulary uncinate, flowers tetrandrous.

Lauro affinis, jasmini alato folio, costa media membranulis
utrinque exstantibus alata, ligno duritieferro vix cedens, Sloane,
II. 25. t. 162. f. 1 — Pterota subspinosa, Browne, 146. t. 5. f.
1. — Fagara pterota, Willd. Spec. I. 666. — Zanthoxylum pterota,
De Cand. Prod. I. 725.

HAB. Thickets. Port- Royal mountains, &c.

FL. May — July.

A shrubby tree, about 12 feet in height : branches prickly
or unarmed. Leaves alternate, impari-pinnate : leaflets 4-5
paired, obovato-oblong, crenated, subemarginate, glabrous, pel-
lucido-punctate, subsessile : petiole about 5 inches long, mar-
gined. Prickles, when present, stipulary, hooked. Panicle
terminal and axillary, branched : peduncle of nearly the same
length as the petiole, angulose. Flowers 4-6 together, sub-
sessile, of a greenish yellow colour, odorous. A broad-ovate
concave bractea at each division of the panicle. Calyx small,
4-partite. Petals 4, oblong, obtuse, concave. Stamens 4,
longer than the petals: anthers yellow, with the pollen very
abundant. Ovary single, ovate : style 1, conical : stigma sim-
ple. Mature fruit size of a black pepper, 1 -celled, 2-valved,
1-seeded : seed glabrous, shining, of a brown colour.

The figure of the leaf given by Browne (tab. 5. f. 1.) is in-
correct, and appears to be that of WEINMANNIA GLA.BRA. The
ovaries, according to De Candolle, are two. I could only de-
tect a slight groove along one side of the style.

2 * Zanthoxylum emarginatum. Emarginate-
leaved yellow-wood.

Unarmed, leaves abruptly or impari-pinnate 2-3-
jugate, leaflets ovate emarginate glabrous, racemes
terminal, flowers triandrous.

Lauro affinis terebinthi folio alato, ligno odorato candido,
Sloane, II. 24. t. 168. f. 4. — Zanthoxylum emarginatum, Swartz,
FL Ind. Occ. 572.

RUTACEJB. 191

HAB. Mountains.

FL. After the Autumnal rains.

A shrubby tree : branches terete, nnarmed. Leaflets more
commonly abruptly pinnated, entire, shining above, paler be-
neath, subcoriaceous. Racemes terminal, erect : flowers small,
white. Calyx 5-partite. Petals 3. Filaments 3, very short.
Ovary 8-lobed, 3-fid at the apex : style none : stigmata 3.
Carpels 3 (but 2 of them are usually abortive): seed orbicu-
late, black, shining. — Swartz.

Swartz informs us that this tree is known in Jamaica by the
name of Lignum rorum, being a corruption of Ligno Rhodio,
which it resembles in giving out, when rubbed or heated, a
strong odour. De Candolle describes the leaves as villous ;
but I have preferred following Swartz.

3. Zanthoxylum aculeatum ? Prickly Yellow-wood.

Aculeate, leaves abruptly pinnated 3-jugate, leaflets
oval sub-emarginate obsoletely crenated, glabrous,
cyme terminal, flowers triandrous.

HAB. Below Berwick House, Port-Royal.

FL. October.

Arborescent, about 10 feet in height ; branches erect, sub-
simple, spinose with black straight thorns. Leaves alternate,
abruptly pinnated : leaflets crenulated, with a minute pellucid
gland-like dot at the indentation ; glabrous, shining above, sub-
coriaceous : petiole sub-terete, compressed, sulcated above :
petiolule short. Cyme terminal : -common peduncle elongated,
angulated : flowers numerous, crowded, white, fragrant, very
shortly pedicelled. Calyx minute 3-fid : divisions rounded.
Petals 3, alternating with the lobes of the calyx, oval, concave.
Stamens 3, alternating with the petals, and rather longer ; fila-
ments thickish, broad ; anthers cordate, purple. Ovary 3-go-
nal ; styles 2, short ; stigmata simple.

A handsome shrub, with the cyme of flowers showy and
fragrant, and deserving a place in the garden equally with the
Mealy Guelder-rose, to which it bears some resemblance.

4. Zanthoxylum sapino'ides. Licca Tree.

Aculeate, leaves abruptly pinnated 4-jugate, leaflets
oblongo-lanceolate subemarginate very entire minutely
punctulated on both sides, racemes axillary solitary
shorter than the leaf; flowers 3-androus.

Browne, t. 20. f. 2 — Sapindus spinosus, Linn. sp. 526.
HAB. Dry hilly districts. Below Flamstead, Port-Royal
mountains.

FL. November.

192 THALAMIFLOR^K.

A shrub, about 9 feet \n height : branches erect, terete, (to-
wards their extremities sub-angulose), glabrous, armed with
sharp straight black spiny prickles. Leaves abruptly pinnated :
leaflets in 4 pairs, petiolulated, oblongo-lanceolate, acute at the
base, obtuse and subemarginate at the apex, very entire, sub-
coriaceous, obscurely nerved, glabrous, shining above, minutely
punctulated on both sides ; with the mid-rib of the leaflet oc-
casionally armed with a spine-like prickle,: common petiole
about 4 inches in length, sub-3-gonal, with the upper side plane
and the edge raised (so as to be subalate ?) ; petiolule short,
plane above. Racemes axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaf,
subdivided ; divisions sub-simple : peduncle and its branches
sub-3-gonal, glabrous ; pedicels very short, bearing a single
small white flower, furnished at the base with a minute concave
bracteole. Calyx minute, 3-partite ; segments roundish, acute.
Petals 3, oval. Stamens 3, rather longer than the petals,
spreading. Ovary globose, indistinctly 3-lobed : style simple,
conical, short : stigma obtuse.

5. * Zanthoxylum spinosum. Thorny Yellow-wood.

Spinose, leaves pinnated 8-10-jugate, leaflets ses-
sile ovate acuminate subentire with the petioles and
branches thorny, cymes terminal, flowers triandrous.

Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 574.

HAB. Dry mountains.

FL ?

A shrub, about 3 feet in height. Stem erect, thorny, branched.
Thorns scattered, needle-shaped, an inch in length, standing
out : those of the stem stronger and broader at the base. Leaf-
lets shortly acuminate, emarginate, minutely crenulated, gla-
brous, shining, with the mid-rib thorny : petiole a foot in length,
thorny. Cyme terminal : flowers crowded, small, white. Calyx
3-fid ; divisions ovate, acute. Petals 3. Filaments very short.
Ovary 3-lobed, 3-fid : style 0 : stigmata 3, obtuse. — Swartz.

6. Zanthoxylum acuminatum. Acuminated-leaved

Yellow-wood.

Unarmed, leaves abruptly-pinnate 2-3-4-jugate,
leaflets elliptic acuminate obsoletely crenulated shin-
ing coriaceous, cymes terminal, flowers dkecious, $
3-androus.

Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 575 Swartz, Prod. 33.

HAB. Near Tweedside House by the road side.

FL. February.

A shrubby tree, about 10-15 feet in height, with branches

RUTACEJE. 193

erect, round, unarmed, smooth. Leaves alternate, pinnate ;
leaflets 2-3 paired, petiolulated, elliptic, slightly acuminate with
a blunt point, acute at the base, punctulato-glandulose and
crenulated along the margin, somewhat coriaceous, smooth,
shining, nerveless, parallelly veined : petiole terete, channelled
above. Panicle terminal, composed of a number of partial cy-
mules. Common peduncle angulose ; the branches alternate,
rather long. Flowers dioecious, numerous, crowded, white,
shortly pedicelled. Calyx minute ; lobes 3, rounded. Petals
3, oval, obtuse, erect. $ Fl. Stamens 3, alternating with the
petals, hypogynous : filaments subulate, somewhat longer than
the petals : anthers ovate, yellow. Ovary small, conical, 3-go-
nal : style I, very short : stigma subcapitate. <j> Fl. Stamens 0.
Ovary green, globose : style unilateral, arising from the base
and incumbent over the ovary, length of the petals : stigma
subcapitate, yellow. Fruit size of a black pepper, 1 -celled, 1-
seeded ; seed black, shining, attached and pendulous from the
apex of one of the valves.

The above description agrees very closely with that of X.
ACUMINATUM by Swartz, with the exception, that the filaments
are described by him as shorter than the petals, whereas, in the
specimens before me, I found them one-half longer. De Can-
dolle is incorrect, where he states the leaves to be impari-pin-
nate. When the capsule opens, the valves spread out, and
from the seed, which resembles a black bead, retaining its con-
nection to one of them, a very singular appearance is presented.

7. Zanthoxylum Elephantiasis. Warty -panided
Yellow -wood.

Unarmed, leaves impari -pinnated 5-7-jugate, leaf-
lets lanceolate unequal at the base crenulated glabrous
pellucido-punctate, panicle terminal with the peduncle
and its branches verrucose, flowers polygamous pen-
tandrous.

HAB. Near Mount Lebanon, and Moccha Wood, Port-
Royal mountains.

FL. September.

Stem about 15-30 feet high, in the adult unarmed, of an
ash colour, smooth : branches few, erect, at the extremities ri-
moso-angulated. Leaves at the ends of the branchlets, impari-
pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, unequal at the base, blunt, the odd
leaflet the largest, crenated, smooth, pellucido-punctulated:
common petiole roundish, angulose, minutely glanduloso-punc-
tate, glabrous : partial petiole short. Panicfe terminal ;
branches spreading horizontally, alternate, subtetragonal, verru-
cose : branchlets dividing into two pedicels, each 1-flowered ;

VOL. i. o

194 THALAMIFLORJE.

flowers rather large, polygamous, greenish-yellow. $ Fl Calyx
small ; sepals 5, overlapping each other, roundish, blunt. Pe-
tals 5, oblong, blunt, glabrous. Stamens 5 : filaments subulate,
length of the petals, alternating with them : anthers rather
large, oblong. $ Fl- with the calyx, petals, and stamens as in
the male : carpella in the ovarian state 5, connate : style 0 (?) :
stigma blunt. Carpels (half developed) subglobose, at the apex
5-angulari-lobate : seeds minute, 3 in each cell ?

Although I have stated the stem to be unarmed, it is possi-
ble that it may be furnished with prickles when young. I
have given the specific name, from the resemblance of the
bark of the stalk of the panicle, to the appearance of the skin
of the feet in Elephantiasis.

8. Zanthoxylum Clava Herculis. Prickly Yellow.

Spinose, leaves pinnate 7-8-jugate, leaflets shortly
petiolulated oblongo-lanceolate obtuse subentire shin-
ing above, hairy along the nerves beneath, panicle
terminal, flowers pentandrous, carpels 5.

Evonymo aflSnis arbor spinosa, folio alato, fructu sicco pen-
tagono et pentacocco, ligno santali odore, Sloane, II. 28. t.
172 — Xanthoxylurn, Browne, 189.

HAB. Common. Port- Royal mountains, near Green Valley.

FL. June.

A tree about 20 feet in height. Stem erect, armed with nu-
merous strong thick spines or prickles : branches spreading,
thorny, tomentose at their termination. Leaves situated prin-
cipally at the ends of the branches, impari-pinnate, 7—8 paired ;
the leaflets very shortly petiolulated, for the most part opposite,
oblongo-lanceolate, blunt, entire, not punctated except along
the margin where there is a row of pedicelled dots giving the
appearance, when held against the light, of obsolete crenatures,
smooth shining above, hairy along the under surface of the
nerves : common petiole occasionally prickly, roundish, plane
above, pubescent ; partial, very short. Panicle terminal, in-
termixed with leaves, branched, of numerous very caducous
white flowers. Common peduncle angulose, striated, pubes-
cent, much and irregularly branched ; pedicels very short, fili-
form, several together. Calyx minute. Petals much larger,
spreading, ovate. Stamens 5, longer than the petals, with which
they alternate, spreading ; filaments subulate : anthers heart-
shaped. Ovary angular : stigmata 5, erect, appressed. Carpels
5, or by abortion fewer, distinct, puberulous, greenish.

The bark of the root of this tree, dried and reduced to a
powder, is a common application to sores ; and an infusion of
it has the character of being antispasmodic. It is mentioned in

liUTACEJE. 195

Lunan's Hortus, that the roots are covered with a light soft
powdery substance of a yellow colour, and an agreeable scent :
and it would appear that it is in it, that any medicinal powers,
the roots may possess, reside. The expressed juice of the young
roots is said to be a remedy for colic or dry bellyach. The
bark of the tree which bears the same specific designation in
North America, is considered as a powerful stimulant and su-
dorific, diuretic, and febrifuge. Barton mentions, that it is
bitter to the taste, slightly odorous, colouring the saliva yellow,
exciting salivation when chewed, and that it has been employed
with success in rheumatism, paralysis of the tongue, &c. Dr
Gillespie, a West- India practitioner, found the tincture to be a
good febrifuge ; and Manguet states that the decoction is anti-
syphilitic. The analysis of Chevallier and Pelletan, gives a pe-
culiar crystalline substance which they call Zanthopicrite ; a yel-
low colouring matter, which appears to be the source of the bitter
taste of this bark ; another red colouring matter ; some salts.
(Journal de Chimie Med. II. 314.) According to the authors
of the Dictionnaire de Matiere Medicale, however, there is
some question, as to the species of ZANTHOXYLUM to which the
bark analysed belonged.

This ris a valuable timber-tree : the wood is yellow, and
used in house-building.

9. Zanthoxylum Sumach. West-India Sumach.

Unarmed, leaves impari-pinnate 6-jugate, leaflets
oblongo-lanceolate serrated, flowers polygamous ape-
talous, stamens 10.

HAB. St Andrew's and Port-Royal mountains.

FL. May, June.

A tree 20 feet in height ; branches spreading, lax, ferrugi-
neo-tomentose at their extremities. Leaves impari-pinnate ;
leaflets opposite, shortly petiolulated, oblong, lanceolate, sub-
acuminate, broad at the base, serrated, penni-nerved, reticulato-
venose, glabrous above, flavescent and villoso-tomentose along
the mid-rib beneath, 4 inches long and 2 broad : common
and partial petioles terete, ferrugineo-tomentose. Corymbs
towards the ends of the branchlets, axillary, one-fourth short-
er than the leaf, dichotomously branched : common flower-
stalk compressed, ferrugineo-tomentose. Flowers numerous,
crowded, pedicelled, small, yellow. $ FL Calyx of 5 sepals ;
sepals ovate, acute, coriaceous, externally tomentose, internally
with a ridge. Petals 0. Stamens 10, twice the length of the
sepals. Filaments hairy at the base : anthers elliptic ; pollen
plentiful. Ovaries minute, 5, ovate : styles 5 rostrate. <j> FL
Calyx and stamens as in the barren. Ovaries more distinct.
Carpels 5, or by abortion fewer, generally only two distinct at

196 THALAMIFLORJE.

the base, rostrate at the apex with the beak incurved, roundish,
slightly compressed, ferrugineo-birsute : seed single, obovato-
globose, mucronate at its lower end, with a slight depressed
streak for receiving the setaceous funicule which is inserted at
the rounded apex ; episperm or integument very hard.

This is a very common tree in the higher mountains, and it
is singular that it should have hitherto escaped the notice of
Botanists. The wood is very soft and friable. It is commonly
called the Sumach. The old leaves acquire a bright red colour
previous to being shed.

II. GALIPEA.

Calyx short, 5 -toothed. Petals 5, united into a
hypocrateriform corolla, or very much approximated,
with a short pentagonal tube, and with the lobes pa-
tent and acute. Stamens 4-7, hypogynous, subad-
herent to the petals, unequal, sometimes all of them
fertile, or 2 larger and antheriferous, and 2-5 shorter
and sterile. Nectary cupuliform. Styles 5, united into
one, constituting a 4-5-sulcated stigma. Carpels 5,
or fewer from abortion, obtuse, cocculiform, sessile,
with the endocarp separable. Seeds from abortion
solitary : cotyledons large, corrugated, biauriculated.
-De Cand.

Shrubs or trees : leaves alternate, simple, or plurifoliate.—
Name, from a South- American appellation of one of the species.

1. Galipea pentaphylla. Five-leaved Galipea.

Leaves 5-3-foliate, leaflets oblong obtuse at both
ends glabrous, panicle terminal, flowers pentandrous.

HAB. Road from St Michael's Chapel to Green Valley
Works, and below Moccha Works, Port- Royal.

FL. July.

A.tree, about 30 feet in height : branches terete, ash-colour-
ed, glabrous. Leaves 5- rarely 3-foliate ; leaflets petiolulated,
oblong, rounded at both ends, entire, glabrous, pellucido-punc-
tulated, nerved and veined : petiole elongated, terete : petiol-
ules \ an inch in length. Panicle terminal : common peduncle
elongated, dividing into about 5 branches, each of which are
subdivided. Flowers shortly pedicelled, very numerous, not
large, of a yellowish colour. Sepals 5, unequal, rounded, mi-
nutely puberulons externally, imbricated. Petals 5, hypogy-

SIMARUBE^. 197

nous, alternating with the sepals, oblong, obtuse, spreading,
minutely puberulous externally, and "glanduloso-punctulated.
Stamens 5, alternating with the petals/inserted below the disk.
Pistil in the centre of the disk: ovary minute : style erect:
stigma obtuse. Disk annular, glanduloso-papillose. Carpels
5, united to form a turbinate capsule, size of that of ABROMA
AUGUSTA, and resembling it in form, truncated and pentangular
at the apex, muricated externally, bursting with a spring : en-
docarp distinct from the sarcocarp, 2-valved with the valves
connected below the apex by a membranaceous band to which
the seed is attached ; seeds solitary, ovate, acuminate, com-
pressed, of a brown colour : embryo at the apex of the seed.

As the Angustura bark is obtained from G. CUSPARIA, it is
possible that this species also may be possessed of medicinal
properties.

ORDER LII. SIMARUBE^E.

Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual. Calyx 4-5-
partite, persistent. Petals 4-5, hypogynous. Sta-
mens equal or double the number of the petals, in-
serted on the disk, free. Ovary with as many lobes
as there are petals : style 1, filiform, enlarged at the
base. Carpels of the same number as the petals, in-
serted by a joint on the axis, capsular, bivalved, inter-
nally dehiscent, 1 -seeded. Seeds exalbuminous, pen-
dulous : cotyledons thick : radicle short, superior.

Trees or shrubs, natives qf the intertropical regions of the
New World : bark very bitter ; juice milky : leaves alternate,
pinnated, exstipulated. A new bitter principle, called Quas-
sine, has been detected by Dr Thomson, in several members
of this Family, particularly QUASSIA AMARA, and SIMARUBA
OFFICINALIS. It is of a brownish yellow colour, slightly trans-
parent, and very soluble in water or alcohol. Dr A. Palmieri
is stated, in the Journal de Pharmacie, xviii. 652. to have em-
ployed it with success for intermittent fever, in doses double
those usually given of Quinine. QUASSIA AMARA, a shrub, native
of Surinam, with beautiful crimson flowers, has been introduced,
and is now common in our gardens.

198 THALAMI FLORAE,

I. SlMARUBA.

Flowers by abortion monoecious dioecious or poly-
gamous. Calyx small, 5-partite. Petals 5, a little
larger than the calyx. Stamens 5-10, increased at
the base by means of scales. Style partite at the apex.

Name, from the Indian designation of the tree in Cayenne.

1. Simaruba excelsa. Lofty Bitter-wood.

Flowers polygamous pentandrous panicled, stigma
3-fid, leaves impari-pinnate, leaflets opposite petiolu-
lated.

Quassia excelsa, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 742. — Q. polygama,
Lindsay, Trans. Soc. Edin. III. 205. — Simaruba excelsa, De
Cand. Prod. I. 733.

HAB. Common on the plains and lower mountains.

FL. December.

A tree, 50-60 feet in height, with the branches spreading ;
the bark rimose, ash-coloured, internally albido-florescent with
very tenaceous fibrils. Leaves alternate, impari-pinnate ; leaf-
lets opposite, shortly petioluled, oblong, acuminate, unequal at
the base, blunt at the apex, venose, glabrous. Racemes towards
the ends of the branchlets, axillary, very compound, panicled,
subcorymbose, dichotomously branched, spreading, diffuse, many-
flowered. Peduncle compressed, rufescenti-puberulous. Flow-
ers small, pale, polygamous. Filaments of the male flower
much larger than the petals : in the fertile, of the same length.
In the male, merely the rudiments of the pistil : in the fertile,
ovaries 3: style longer than the stamens, 3-quetrous, 3-fid.
Drupes 3, but only one coming to perfection, size of a pea,
black, shining, fixed on a hemispherical receptacle : nut solitary,
globose, with the shell fragile.

A lofty spreading tree. It is an excellent timber ; the wood
is of a yellow colour, light and not very hard, takes a very fine
polish, and is much used in flooring. Bed-posts and clothes-
presses have been made of it, as no insect remains near the
wood, on account of its bitter quality. It is from it that the
Quassia chips of the shops is obtained, and not from the QUAS-
SIA AMARA, which is only a shrub. It is intensely bitter to the
taste, and as a medicine, is tonic and stomachic. It has been
employed as a substitute for hops in brewing porter ; but the
bitter is not so agreeable as that of the hop, and remains longer
on the palate. An infusion of the chips is made use of to poi-
son flies.

2. Simaruba officinalis. Officinal Bitter-wood.
Flowers dioecious, male decandrous, stigmata 5-par-

S1MARUBEJE. 199

tite, leaves abruptly pinnated, leaflets alternate shortly
petiolulated pubescent beneath.

Quassia Simaruba, Linn. Suppl. 234 ? — Lam. III. t. 343. f.
2 ? — Wright, Trans. Soc.Edin. II. 73 — Simaruba amara, Aubl.
Guian. t. 331, 332 ?— S. officinalis, De Cand. Prod. I. 733.

HAB. Common, Port-Royal mountains.

FL. June.

A tree, about 20 feet in height : branches few, erect, terete,
glabrous. Leaves towards the ends of the branches, abruptly
pinnated: leaflets alternate, shortly petiolulated, oblong, gla-
brous and shining above, pubescent and paler beneath. Panicles
axillary, subterminal: divisions short, few-flowered, each furnished
with a leafy reversely-wedge-shaped bractea at the base : flow-
ers shortly pedicelled, yellow, dioecious. $ Flowers, with the
calyx small ; divisions obtuse, minutely ciliated. Petals three
times the length of the calyx, oblong, obtuse. Stamens length
of the petals, augmented at the base with 10 ovate villous scales.
Ovary imperfect, 5-lobuled, destitute of style or stigma.
<j> Flowers, on a distinct tree and smaller than the male.
Calyx and corolla as in the male. Stamens 0. Ovaries 5,
connected at the inner angle : style erect, single : stigmata 5,
recurved. Fruit of 5, or by abortion, 4-3-2 drupaceous car-
pels, seated on the enlarged receptacle ; carpels oblong, size of
a damson, dark purple, smooth, shining, 1-seeded: seed ovato-
oblong, compressed.

This' is a very common tree in Port- Royal mountains. Ac-
cording to Linnaeus and others, the male and female flowers are
mixed together, on the same panicle. This is not the case with
our Jamaica plant, which, as Dr Wright long ago remarked, is
always dioecious. It is possible therefore that our Jamaica spe-
cies may be distinct from the QUASSIA SIMARUBA of Linnaeus,
although it agrees with the figure of Aublet. I regret, that
from my notes on this plant being mislaid, I cannot at present
speak with confidence on the subject. The bark of the QUAS-
SIA SIMARUBA of Linnaeus, is in the lists of the different Na-
tional Pharmacopoeias, and is the only part of the plant used in
medicine. It is inodorous, bitter, but not unpleasantly so, to the
taste, and its virtues are extracted by both alcohol and water.
It has been remarked, that the infusion is more bitter than the
decoction. It acts as a tonic, and is used in dyspepsia, diar-
rhoea, chronic dysentery, and in all cases of impaired tone of the
alimentary canal. Bichat made the remark, that in a full dose
it acted as an emetic.

200 THALAMIFLORA:.

ORDER LIII. OCHNACE^E.

Calycine sepals 5, persistent, imbricated during
aestivation. Petals hypogynous, in number 5, alter-
nating with the sepals, or 10, caducous, patulous,
imbricated during aestivation. Stamens 5, alternating
with the petals, or 10, or indefinite, inserted on a
hypogynous disk : filaments generally persistent : an-
thers 2-celled, innate, opening by pores. Carpels
equal in number to the petals, placed on an enlarged
tumid fleshy disk (called the gynobase) : styles com-
bined in one : ovules erect. Fruit of as many pieces
as there were carpels, indehiscent, somewhat drupa-
ceous, 1 -seeded, articulated on the gynobase, which
grows with their growth. Seeds exalbuminous : em-
bryo straight : radicle short : cotyledons thick.

Tropical trees or shrubs, having a watery juice ; leaves alter-
nate, simple, with two stipules at the base ; flowers usually in
racemes, with the pedicels articulated at the middle or below it.
They are possessed of no known remarkable properties.

I. GOMPHIA.

Petals 5. Stamens 10 ; anthers subsessile, long,
pyramidal, erect, dehiscent at the apex by means of a
double pore. Locules of the pericarp 5.

Racemes from the ends of the branchlets bearing the leaves.
Name, from yoptpios molar tooth, from yo/Apog a nail, because the
molar teeth are inserted into their sockets like nails, and the
drupes in the present genus are placed on the gynobase in a
similar manner.

I. Gomphia laurifolia. Laurel-leaved Gomphia.
Leaves oblong acuminate at both ends with the
apex obtuse very entire shining obscurely nerved.

Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 741 — De Cand. Ann. du Museum,
XVII. 419. t. 15.

HAB. Near Bridgehill; and road from Blackgrove to Pleas-
ant-Hill, St. Andrew's.

FL. January.

OCHNACE.*:. 201

A tree 15-20 feet in height: branches erect, terete, smooth.
Leaves 4 inches long and 1 broad, oblong, slightly acuminate
towards the base, distinctly so towards the apex which is ob-
tuse, almost nerveless, shining, very smooth : petiole very short.
Raceme terminal, corymbose, composed of numerous showy
yellow flowers : divisions of the peduncle short, spreading :
pedicels longer than the subdivisions of the peduncle, articu-
lated. Sepals 5, ovate, greenish-yellow, concave, membranace-
ous. Petals 5, spreading, oblong, length of the sepals, narrow
towards the base, rounded and somewhat crisped at the apex.
Stamens 10, hypogynous ; filaments short : anthers much longer
than the filaments, linear, opening at the apex by means of two
pores. Ovary of 5 green adherent projecting partile carpels :
style short, thick, green : stigma simple. Gynobase subrotund,
fleshy. Drupes 3-5, globose. Swartz.

This, when in flower, is a very beautiful tree.

2. * Gomphia nitida. Shining Gomphia.

Leaves ovato-lanceolate acuminate serrated at the
apex, sepals of the same size as the petals, berries
ovate.

Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 740 De Cand. Ann. Mus. XVII. t.

13.

. HAB. Woods in the interior of the Island.

FL. ?

A tree of moderate height : branches terete, glabrous.
Leaves 2-3 inches in length, serrated, very glabrous : petiole
short. Racemes terminal, compound, with the brandies spread-
ing : flowers numerous, pedicelled. Sepals ovate. Petals sub-
rotund, scarcely longer than the sepals, shortly clawed, emar-
ginate, yellow. Filaments none : anthers 10, subsessile, erect.
Glandules 10, occupying the place of the filaments, surrounding
the ovary ? Ovary of 5 partile carpels : style 1 : stigma
simple. Receptacle subrotund, fleshy, bearing 2—5 globose
1-celled shining drupes, size of a large pea: nut solitary, glo-
bose.— Swartz.

202 CALYC1FLORJE.

CALYCIFLOR^E.

ORDER LV. CELASTRINE.E.

CALYCINE sepals 4-5, with an imbricated aestivation.
Petals of the same number as the sepals and alternate
with them ; very rarely none. Stamens of the same
number as, and opposite to the sepals. Ovary free,
surrounded by a subcarnose disk, 2-3-4-celled ; cells
1- oo-seeded, with the ovules erect, rarely pendulous :
style 1 or none : stigmata 2-4-fid. Pericarp capsu-
lar, berried, drupaceous, or samaroid, frequently de-
formed by the abortion of the cells. Seeds, in many,
arillated: albumen O, or fleshy: embryo straight,
axile, dicotyledonous.

Shrubs or trees; leaves frequently stipulated, alternate or
opposite : flowers whitish or greenish. Scarcely any of the
species possess any remarkable properties. The leaves of ILEX
PABAGUARIENSIS are employed as a substitute for Tea, under
the name of Paraguay Tea. I may here state that the Myrti
folio arbor, foliis latis subrotundis, flore albo racemoso, of Sloane,
II. 79. t. 193. f. 1, is PRUNUS SPH^ROCARPA, and not CELAS-
TRUS MYRTIFOLIUS, as suggested by Roemer and Schultes.

I. STAPHYLEA.

Calyx 5-partite, protected at the base with an
urceolate disk, with the lobes oblong, concave. Petals
5. Stamens 5. Ovary 2-3-lobed : styles 2-3, some-
times united together. Capsule 2-3 celled; cells
membranaceous, dehiscent within ; few-seeded, con-
nected together either at the base or along the whole
of their length. Seeds osseous, subglobose, truncated

CELASTRINE.E. 203

at the hilum : albumen sparing, or none : cotyledons
fleshy.

Leaves compound, impari- pinnate or 3-foliate, opposite,
bistipulated at the base of the petiole and of the leaflet;
flowers white, racemoso-paniculated. Name, from tfrapuAjj a
bunch, in which manner its fructification is disposed.

1. Staphylea occidentalis. West-India Staphylea.

Leaves impari-pinnate, leaflets 5 sub-ovate acumin-
ate at both ends crenato-serrated, flowers racemoso-
panicled.

Pruno forte affinis arbor, folio alato, flore herbaceo pentape-
talo racemoso, S'loane, II. t. 220. f. 1. — Staphylea occidentalis,
Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 566. — S. corymbosa, De Cand. Prod. II. 3.

HAB. Common, especially on lime-stone hills.

FL. June.

A tree about 20 feet in height : branchlets subterete, green,
glabrous. Leaves opposite, impari-pinnated ; leaflets petiolu-
lated, subovate, occasionally approaching oblongo- or lanceolato-
ovate, acuminate at both ends, with the apex obtuse, crenato-
serrated, glabrous, shining above, membranaceous, nerved and
veined ; the terminal leaflet the largest : petiole and petiolules
subterete. A pair of small, lanceolate, deciduous stipules to
each leaf; a pair of minute, lanceolate, deciduous stipules to
each pair of leaflets. Racemes terminal, panicled, longer than
the leaf, erect, many-flowered: flowers white, odorous. Peduncle
elongated, and, as also its divisions, (which are opposite, hori-
zontally spreading, decussating) angular, striated: pedicels short
2-3 together, 1-flowered. Calyx 5-partite to the base ; sepals
unequal (the two innermost the largest) ; subrotundo-elliptic,
concave, minutely ciliated. Petals 5, alternating with and
rather smaller than the sepals, erect, clawed, somewhat obovate
or clawed. Stamens 5 : filaments subulate, compressed, erect,
length of the petals : anthers cordate, yellow. Disk suburceo-
late, angulose, crenulated. Ovary 3-lobed: styles 3, cohering:
stigmata simple. Capsule size of a large nutmeg, glabrous,
3-celled : seeds solitary.

Swartz appears to have considered the "branchlet as a petiole,
and hence he describes the leaves as duplicato-pinnated. He
is manifestly in error in stating that the leaves are alternate,
and serrated. In this conclusion I cannot be mistaken, as the
plant, which I have described, is a very common tree.

II. MYGINDA.

Calyx minute, 4-cleft. Petals 4. Stamens 4, alter-
nate with and shorter than the petals. Ovary subro-
tund : style short or none : stigmata 4. Drupe ovate,

204 CALYCIFLORJE.

1-celled, 1-seeded: seed pendulous from the apex of
the cell, albuminous.

Shrubs, natives of the West-India Islands and South America:
branchlets tetragonal ; leaves opposite, subcoriaceous ; pedicels
axillary, generally 3-chotomously divided ; flowers minute.
Named, by Jacquin in honour of Counsellor Mygind of Vienna,
a patron of Botany.

1 . * Myginda Rhacoma. Blunt-leaved Myginda.

Leaves lanceolato-ovate bluntish crenated subpetio-
late glabrous, peduncles dichotomous cymoso-umbell-
ated, style short filiform 4-lobed at the apex.

Crossopetalum fruticulosum tenue, foliis ovatis tenuissime
denticulatis oppositis, racemis alaribus, Browne, 145. t. 16. f.
1. — Myginda Rhacoma, Swartz, FL Ind. Occ. 340.

H AB. Sandy places near the sea-shore. Near Old Harbour.
- FL. Summer.

A shrub, 2-3 feet in height, branched. Leaves small, half
an inch in length, opposite, petiolate, stiff, scarcely nerved,
glabrous : petiole very short. Racemules axillary, shorter than
the leaves, 2-3-flo\vered : flowers minute, reddish. Calyx 4-fid,
with the tube short. Corolla deeply 4-partite with the divisions
fimbriated. Stamens 4, alternating with the petals. Ovary
free, ovate : style length of the tube of the corolla : stigma 4-
fid. Drupe small, size of a black pepper, scarlet : nut spherical.
— Swartz.

I found this shrub very common in thickets, along the sea-
shore, at Old-Harbour.

III. Ilex. Holly.

Calyx 4-5-toothed, persistent. Petals 4-5, hypo-
gynous, alternate with the sepals, in some free, in
other subcoalescing at the base to form a rotate corolla.
Stamens 4-5, alternate with the petals, hypogynous.
Ovary sessile, 4-celled, crowned with 4-5 subsessile
stigmata, either distinct or united into 1. Berry 4-
5-pyrene, with the nuclei oblong, umbilicated at the
apex, and 1-seeded. Seed inverted ; albumen fleshy ;
embryo nidulant at the apex.

Evergreen shrubs: leaves generally coriaceous: peduncles
many-flowered. Name, according to Theis, from the Celtic
word AC sharp.

1. Ilex Occidentalis. West-India Holly.
Leaves obovato-elliptic rounded and usually cmar-

CELASTRINE.E. 205

ginate at the apex -coriaceous obscurely nerved very
entire, stipules very minute deltoid acute, peduncles
very short axillary 3-6-flowered.

I. obcordata, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 338.

HAB. Blue-mountain ridge. Orchard negro-grounds ; Port-
Royal.

FL. October — January.

A tree about 16 feet in height (according to Swartz a
shrub) : branches spreading, towards their extremities com-
pressed, sulcated, green, glabrous. Leaves petiolate, nearly 2
inches long, and 1 broad, obovato -elliptic, rounded and most
generally emarginate with a minute bluntish apicula in the
indentation at the apex, acuminate at the base, very entire,
coriaceous, obscurely nerved, veinless : petiole terete, slightly
channelled. Stipules minute, deltoid, acute. Peduncles axil-
lary, solitary, very short, 3-6-flowered : flowers small, white,
pedicelled : pedicels one third of an inch in length, compressed,
angular, bearing a pair of minute bracteas a little above the in-
sertion. Calyx minute, 4-fid; divisions short, acute, persistent.
Corolla rotate, 4-partite ; divisions alternate with the sepals,
oval, rounded at the apex, imbricated during aestivation. Sta-
mens 4, opposite to the sepals, shorter than and adhering to
the base of the corolla. Ovary globose, 4-lobed : stigma sub-
sessile, 4-lobed, purple. Berry 4- or (by abortion) 1-pyrene. \

IV. Prinos. Winter -berry.

Calyx 6-fid. Corolla rotate. Stamens 4-6. Berry
6-seeded.

Name, from Prinos, the Greek designation for the evergreen
oak.

1. Prinos montanus.

Leaves rotundo-ovate subacuminate at the base
acuminate and subserrated towards the apex, shining
above paler beneath, peduncles axillary 3-chotomously
divided, branches 1-3-flowered.

Su'artz, FL Ind. Occ. 622 ?

HAB. Higher mountains, common.

FL. July, August.

A shrubby tree, about 15 feet in height : branches erect,
terete, scabrous, coloured: branchlets compressed, angulose, sul-
cated. Leaves alternate, petiolate, ovate, attenuated towards
the base, acuminate, distantly serrated with the teeth distinct
towards the apex, glabrous, shining above, paler and minutely
punctulated beneath. Peduncle axillary, usually 3-partite ;
divisions 1-flbwered, or about a line in length and 3-flowered :

206 CALYC1FLORJE.

flowers small, white, pedicelled. Calyx -sometimes 5-, usually
6-, rarely 7-fid. Corolla rotate 5-6-7 -partite. Filaments of
the same number as the divisions of the calyx or corolla, minute,
erect, alternating with the divisions of the corolla: anthers
roundish, bifid at the base, brownish-purple. Ovary green,
globular, glabrous: style short, thick: stigma subcapitate,
depressed, with the margin revolute, sub-6-fid. Berry globose,
small, size of a pea, purple, 6-locular, 6-seeded.

This is a somewhat handsome shrubby tree, from its dark
shining evergreen leaves, and small white star-like flowers.

2. Prinos lanceolatus. Lanceolate-leaved Prinos.

Leaves ovato-lanceolate acuminate and subserrated
towards the apex, wedge-shaped at the base shining
above paler and minutely punctulated beneath, pe-
duncle 3-chotomously branched with the divisions
1-3-flowered.

HAB. Hardware Hill Gap, St Andrew's.

FL. May.

A shrubby tree about 10 feet in height: branches numerous,
fastigiate, angulose towards their extremities, glabrous. Leaves
alternate, petiolate, ovato-lanceolate, subacute at the base, at-
tenuato-acuminate and remotely serrated, with the teeth (to
the glass) subulate, towards the apex ; glabrous, shining above,
minutely punctulated beneath, delicately nerved : petiole short.
Peduncle axillary, subsolitary, longer than the petiole, some-
times 3-flowered, more usually 3-chotomously divided, with the
middle division 1 -flowered, and the lateral branches very short
(about a line in length) and 3-flowered. Flowers small, white,
on a filiform pedicel, | an inch or more in length. Calyx 6-
toothed. Corolla 6-fid. The other parts of the flower, and
also the fruit, as in the preceding species.

VI. SCH^EFFERIA.

Flowers by abortion dioecious. Calyx 4-partite (or
rather 4-sepalled), obtuse, persistent. Petals 4, al-
ternating with the sepals. Stamens 4, alternating
with the petals. Ovary 2-celled : style very short,
or 0 : stigmata 2. Berry dry, bipartite, rarely one-
celled from abortion ; cells one-seeded : seeds erect,
with a fleshy somewhat oily albumen, and the embryo
central straight plane. — De Cand.

Shrubs, with the leaves alternate, and flowers 'several togc-

RHAMNE2E. 207

ther, axillary, pedicellod, small. — Named, in honour of James
Chr. Schseffer, of Ratisbon, author of several Botanical works.
This genus, I consider, as belonging to the present order, and
not to the RHAMNE.K, from the aestivation being imbricated,
from the stamens being alternate with the petals and opposite
to the sepals, and from the ovary being free.

1 . Schsefferia completa. Perfect-flowered Schafferia.

Leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends subentire as
well as the branchlets glabrous, petals oblong obtuse,
ovary glabrous.

Buxi folio majore acuminato, arbor baccifera, fructu minore
croceo dipyreno, Sloane, 102. t.209.f. 1. — Schsefferia completa.

Swartz, FL 2nd. Occ. I. 327. t. 7 S. frutescens, Jacq. Amer.

259.— De Cand. Prod. II. 41.

HAB. Thickets.

FL. May, June ; more rarely January.

A shrubby tree, about 10 feet in height: branches erect,
terete, striatulated at their extremities, glabrous. Leaves al-
ternate, petiolated, elliptic or broad-lanceolate, attenuated at
the base, subacuminate with a small bluntish apicula, subentire
(or obsoletely crenatcd), glabrous, shining above, greasy to the
touch, nerved and veined : petiole terete, short. $ FL Pedicels
axillary, 3-5 together, very short, not longer than 2 lines, 1-
flowered. Calyx minute, 4-sepalled : sepals roundish, concave,
imbricating. Petals 4, alternating with and much longer than
the sepals, oblong, obtuse, concave. Stamens 4, erect, length
of the petals, opposite to the sepals : anthers 2-celled, yellow.
Ovary conical, yellow, abortive. $ FL Pedicels axillary, about
4 together, somewhat longer than the petiole : sepals as in the
barren flower but persistent. Petals deciduous. Ovary sub-
rotund, green, glabrous : style 0 : stigmata 2-lobed ; lobes ex-
panded, slightly bifid. Berry subrotund, or oval, 2-celled, size
of a small pea, when ripe scarlet : seeds one in each cell, hemi-
spherical.

SCHSEFFERIA LATERIFLORA of Swartz is the DRYPETIS CRO-
CEA of Modern Systems, and has been placed among the Eu-

PHORBIACE^E.

ORDER LVI. RHAMNE^E.

Calyx with its tube adhering to the ovary, 4>-5-
cleft, with a valvate estivation. Petals corresponding

208 CALYCIFLORJE.

in number, (very rarely O ), alternating with the seg-
ments of the calyx, generally with the limb concave,
Stamens corresponding in number and opposite to
the petals. Disk fleshy. Ovary adhering either
wholly, or partially, at the base as far as the middle
to the calyx, 2-4-celled; cells 1-ovuled: style 1:
stigmata 2-4. Fruit fleshy and indehiscent, or dry
and separating in 3 divisions. Seeds erect ; embryo
almost as long as the seed.

Trees or shrubs, in general thorny : leaves simple, alternate,
very seldom opposite, with minute stipules : flowers small, gen-
erally of a greenish colour. This order has a very great affi-
nity to the CELASTRINE.E. It is distinguished by the sepals
being valvate and not imbricated, by the stamens being opposite
to the petals and not alternate, and by the ovary being more or
less adherent.

Species belonging to this order are to be found in nearly
every part of the world, with the exception of the Arctic zone.
They however delight principally in the warmer latitudes.
The berries of various species of RHAMNUS are violent purga-
tives. Those of R. CATHARTICUS, Purging Buckthorn, were
much recommended by Dr Hamilton, and, though a drastic
purgative, are frequently prescribed, in combination with other
medicines, in cases of obstinate constipation or other disorders
of the bowels in children. The berries of all of this genus
yield, under the hands of the chemist, several beautiful dyes,
such as green and yellow, of great value in manufactures. The
fruit of the genus ZIZIPHUS is, as in the jujube and the lote,
very wholesome and pleasant. An infusion of the twigs of
CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS, New Jersey Tea, which is sometimes
to be met with in our gardens, has been employed, on account
of its astringency, to stop the discharge in gonorrhoea; and the
root of the same plant is said to be possessed of antisyphilitic
properties.

I. GOUANIA.

Calyx turbinate, with the tube adnate for some
distance to the ovary, and the limb 5-fid, persistent.
Petals 5, hooded, alternate with the lobes of the
calyx. Stamens nidulant under the petals. Style
3-partite. Fruit dry, 3-gonal or 3-alate, 3-locular.
Seeds solitary in each locule ; albumen fleshy ; coty-
ledons leafy. — De Cand.

Scandent shrubs ; leaves alternate, Stipulaceous ; branchlets
terminating some in a tendril, others in a racemose peduncle.

RHAMNEJE. 209

Flowers, from abortion, frequently polygamous. — Named, after
Antoine Gouan, Professor of Botany at Montpelier, in the 18th
century.

I. Gouania Domingensis. Chaw-stick.

Leaves ovate subcordate acuminate crenato-serrated
subglabrous.

Radix fruticosa lutea, glycyrrhizae similis, dentibus mtindifi-
candis inserviens, Sloane, II. 185. t. 232. f. 2. 3. — Gouania gla-
bra, Jacq. Am. t. 179. f. 40.— G. Domingensis, Sioartz, Obs. 387.

HAB. Common.

FL. August — October.

A scandent shrub : branches anguloso-striated, pubescent,
trailing over neighbouring shrubs, supported by means of ten-
drils produced at the extremities of the lateral branchlets.
Leaves alternate, ovate, subcordate, acuminate, crenato-serrated,
parallelly and diagonally nerved, minutely ciliated and pu-
berulous, membranaceous : petiole sub-3-gonal. Stipules lan-
ceolato-attenuated, marescent, deciduous. Racemes axillary,
(or rather at the end of a short axillary leafy branchlet), sim-
ple, many-flowered : peduncle 2-2^ inches long, terete, pu-
berulous : flowers small, yellowish, shortly pedicelled, in clus-
ters. Calyx 5-partite, externally puberulous ; divisions ovate,
acute. Petals 5, alternate with and of the same length as the
divisions of the calyx, and inserted about its middle, spathulate,
concave and hooded at the apex. Stamens 10, inserted with
the petals ; 5 of them barren, opposite to and much shorter than
the divisions of the calyx, minute (so as only to be detected by
the microscope), bifid at the apex : 5 of them fertile, opposite
to and nidulant in the hood of the petals ; filaments short ; an-
thers roundish. Ovary subrotund : style, in the fertile flower,
3-partite : stigmata simple. Capsule at first subrotund, trigo-
nal, crowned with the calyx ; afterwards 3-winged, with the
wings thick, obtuse : seeds oblong, black.

The peculiarity above noticed of the stamens, appears to have
escaped former observers, and the character of the genus would
in consequence require to be remodelled. The sterile stamens
are very minute, and require the aid of a microscope to detect
them.

This is a very agreeable bitter. It is used as a substitute
for hops in the ginger-beer, and what are called the cool drinks
of the country. The infusion has been employed in gonorrhsea
and dropsy, and as a light grateful bitter, in cases of debility,
to restore the tone of the stomach. In powder, it forms
an excellent dentifrice ; its aromatic bitter producing a healthy
state of the gums, and the mucilage it contains working up by
the brush into a kind of soap-like froth. A tincture also is pre-
pared from it, and much recommended, diluted with water, as

VOL. i. p

210 CALYCJ FLORAE.

a wash or gargle, in cases of salivation or disease of the gums.
The principal use to which the Chaw-stick is applied, however,
is as a substitute for the tooth-brush itself. For this purpose,
the extremity of a piece of a branch, which is usually about the
thickness of the little finger, is softened by chewing, and then
rubbed against the teeth. In this manner a tooth-brush and,
with it, a powder are obtained, equal, if not superior, to any
in use in Europe.

CEANOTHUS.

Calyx 5-fid, bell-shaped ; the base under the fruit
persistent and sub-adhering. Petals 5, small, with a
long claw, hooded, seldom O. Stamens 5, exserted,
before the petals. Styles 2-3, united as far as the
middle. Berry juiceless, 3- rarely 2- or 4-locular,
with chartaceous coccules, 1 -seeded, pervious at the
base, bursting on the inner side : seeds ovate.

Trees or shrubs ; leaves ovate. — Name, from xsavodoc, derived
from xsu to prick, the name of a prickly plant, noticed by
Theophrastus.

1. Ceanothus sarcomphalus. Sea-side Buckthorn.

Leaves ovate or oval glabrous very entire obtuse or
emarginate, peduncles terminal or axillary shorter
than the leaf racemoso-corymbose.

Sarcomphalus, Brown, Jam. 179. — Rhamnus sarcomphalus,
Linn. Amcen. V. 395 — Kunth,Nov. Gen. Am. VII. 57 — Poiret,
Enc. Meth. IV. 467. — Ceanothus sarcomphalus, De Cand. Prod.
II. 30.

HAB. Common, between Kingston and Albion, on the Wind-
ward road. Near Hanson's Salt Pond.

FL. April.

About 15 feet in height: branches erect, terete ; the bark
brownish-black, and, to the touch, scabrous. Leaves alternate,
shortly petiolate, glabrous, membranaceous, slightly emarginate.
Panicle axillary or terminal, cymose. Flowers small, greenish
yellow, very shortly pedicelled. Peduncles and pedicels mi-
nutely puberulous. Calycine segments acute. Petals scarcely
broader than the filaments which lie in their embrace. Disk
fleshy, surrounding the ovary. Style 2-fid. Berry rounded,
bilocular : seeds solitary, hemispherical.

2. Ceanothus sphaerocarpus. Round-fruited Jamaica

Buckthorn.
Leaves oblong acuminate serrated glabrous, pedun-

ItHAMNEJK. 211

cles axillary subterminal scarcely the length of the
petiole racemoso-umbellated, fruit pellucid spherical,
seeds trigonal.

Rhamnus sphserospermus, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 499. —
Roemer et Schulles, V. 289. — Ceanothus sphserocarpus, De
Cand. Prod. II. 30.

HAB. Port-Royal mountains.

FL. May.

A tree, about 1 5 feet in height ; branches erect, with the
bark ash-coloured and wrinkled, bearing the leaves crowded at
their extremities. % Leaves petiolated, oblong, acuminate, ser-
rated, glabrous, except along the nerves, where there is a slight
pubescence, ponni-nerved, veined. Flowers small, obscure,
greenish, sub-terminal, axillary, sub-umbellated : common pe-
duncle short, compressed. Pedicels very short, with minute
acuminate scariose bracteas at the base. Calyx externally mi-
nutely puberulous, 5-fid ; divisions acute, ovate, fleshy, decidu-
ous. Petals yellowish-white, small, | the length of the calycine
lobes, sinuato-emarginate (with the stamens lying between the
lobes). Stamens 5 alternating with the divisions of the calyx
and of nearly the same length, inserted into the line marking
where the persistent portion of the calyx unites with the de-
ciduous sepals. Ovary superior, conical : style 3-fid : stigmata
obtuse. Berry spherical, 3-sulcate at the apex, size of a small
black pepper, sitting on the persistent portion of the calyx*
pellucid, pale green. 1- or 3-seeded. Seeds oblong, 3-gonal.

3. Ceanothus reclinatus. Pendulous-branched Ja-
maica Buckthorn.

Leaves elliptic acuminate entire subglabrous, bran-
ches flexile pendulous, flowers axillary aggregato-
corymbose, pedicels and the calyx externally puberu-
lous.

Rhamnus arborescens major, Browne, 172. t. 29. f. 2. —
Rhamnus ellipticus, Ait. Hort. Kew. I. 265. — Roemer et Schultes,
V. 288 Ceanothus reclinatus, De Cand. Prod. II. 31.

HAB. Port- Royal mountains. Near Half-way Tree.

FL. July — November.

A tree of moderate height : branches spreading, flexile, pen-
dulous, of a blackish colour, albido-papillose, angulose towards
their extremities. Leaves alternate, petiolate, elliptic, subacute
at the base, acuminate with the apex obtuse, entire, subglabrous
(a minute pubescence beneath, only to be detected by the mi-
croscope), nerved, veined, membranaceous : petiole terete, chan-
nelled above. Peduncles axillary, solitary, not half the length
of the petiole, bearing several small yellow shortly pedicelled

212 C A LYC! FLORAE.

flowers. Calyx externally puberulous, 5-fid for half the length ;
divisions ovate, acute, with a ridge running on the inner sur-
face of each from the apex nearly to the base ; after flowering
circumscised at the base. Petals alternating with the divisions
of the calyx, and rather shorter spathulate, oblong, con-
cave. Stamens 5, concealed in the petals, of the same length
as the divisions of the calyx ; filaments subulate, received at the
base into indentations on the disk : anthers oval. Disk penta-
gonal. Styles 3 : stigmata simple. Fruit placed on the per-
sistent base of the calyx, size of an English pea, spherical, 3-
sulcate at the apex, 3- celled : seeds solitary, oval, compresso-
3-gonal, of a shining brown colour.

4. Ceanothus colubrinus. West-India Snake-wood.

Leaves ovate subacuminate entire ferrugineo-villous
beneath, as also the branchlets and flowers, flowers
axillary corymboso-aggregated, style 3-gonal.

Rhamnus arboreus, Browne^ 176. — R. colubrinus, Jacq. Amer.
74. No. 2. — Roemer et Schultes, V. 284 — Ceanothus reclinatus,
De Cand. Prod. II. 31.

HAB. Near Half-way Tree.

FL. End and middle of the year.

An erect tree: branches horizontally spreading; when young
ferrugineo-subtomentose. Leaves glabrous above, 2-6 inches
long. Peduncles axillary, ferrugineo-tomentose, about 7-flow-
ered. Style triquetrous, 3-fid at the apex. Berry subrotund,
3-celled, 3-valved : seeds solitary, ovate, black, shining.

This tree is distinguished from the preceding species, by the
different parts being ferrugineo-villous, and the style simple
and 3-fid at the apex.

ORDER LVIII. SAMYDE.E.

Calyx persistent : sepals 3, .5, or 7> more or less
cohering at the base. Petals O. Stamens adnate to
the tube of the calyx, in number double triple or quad-
ruple that of the sepals : filaments monadelphous,
either all of them anther-bearing, or each alternate
one sterile, villous or ciliated : anthers 2-ceiled. Ovary
superior, 1 -celled : style 1 : stigma capitate or sub-
lobate. Capsule coriaceous, 1 -celled, 3-5-valved,

SAMYDEJE. 213

or -seeded ; valves incompletely opening, often some-
what pulpy inside and coloured. Seeds fixed to the
valves without order, with a fleshy arillus and exca-
vated hilum : albumen fleshy : embryo inverted, mi-
nute : cotyledons ovate, foliaceous : radicle pointing
in an opposite direction to the hilum.

The plants belonging to this Order are lowly trees or shrubs,
chiefly natives of the West Indies and South America. Mr
Brown has remarked that they are remarkable for their leaves
having a mixture of round and linear pellucid dots, distinguish-
ing them from all other families with which they are likely to
be confounded. None of the species are possessed of any known
properties. According to De Candolle, the bark and leaves
are, in a slight degree, astringent.

I. SAMYDA.

Stamens, all of them antheriferous. Stigma globose.
—De Cand.

Named, from ffa/^ida, the birch, which this genus resembles in
the foliage.

1. Samyda glabrata. Glabrous Samyda.

Flowers 10-antherous, peduncles axillary 1 -flowered,
leaves ovato-lanceolate or oblong acuminate entire
shining above.

Swartz, FL 2nd. Occ. 760.

HAB. Not uncommon in Port-Royal mountains.

FL. Warmer months of the year.

A shrub, rarely more than 5 feet in height : branches alter-
nate, patulous, ash-coloured, subterete, roughish. Leaves dis-
tichal, alternate, petiolate, oblong, somewhat lanceolate towards
the apex, where they are slightly acuminate and subacute, en-
tire, somewhat shining above, glabrous, except a few minute
hairs beneath, pellucido-punctate, veined : petiole short. Pe-
duncles axillary, solitary, scarcely more than a line in length,
1 -flowered, furnished at the base with a pair of small ovate
acuminate scariose bracteas. Flowers white. Calycine tube
campanulate ; limb 5-partite, more than half the length of the
calyx; divisions (one of them occasionally smaller than the
rest) obtuse, externally green, internally white. Stamens 10 :
filaments united at the base and inserted in the throat of the
calyx, short, thick, white, glabrous; anthers cordate. Ovary
ovate, appresso-pubescent : style longer than the stamens :
stigma capitate. Capsule size of the plum of Europe, sub-

214 CALYClFLORfl:.

globose, 3-gonal, 3-valved, 1-celled ; valves thick, coriaceous.
Seeds numerous, angulose, in an orange-coloured filamentose
pulp.

2. Samyda villosa. T^illous Samyda.

Flowers 10-antherous, peduncles axillary solitary
1 -flowered, leaves oblong acute subserrated oblique at
the base silky villous beneath.

Swartz. Fl. Ind. Occ. 758.

HAB. Mountains.

FL. Spring.

An erect shrub : branches terete, pubescent ; branchlets vil-
lous. Leaves silky above, ferrugineo-hirsute along the nerves
beneath. Flowers rather large, white. Calyx 5-fid to the
middle, externally pubescent. Ovary pubescent : style thick:
stigma capitate. Capsule large, ovate, fleshy, greenish, pubes-
cent, 1-celled, 3-4-valved. Seeds many, ovate, shining: arillus
scarlet or pale red. — Swarlz.

II. CASEARIA.

Stamens 12-30, monadelphous at the base, alter-
nately antheriferous, alternately sterile, subulate or
spathulate, in general villous or ciliated. — De Cand.

Named, by Jacquin in honour of John Casearius, a clergy-
man of the Dutch Church in Cochin-China, and a contributor to
the Hortus Malabaricus.

1. Casearia nitida, Shining Casearia.

Flowers 8-antherous 5-partite, peduncles axillary
cymose, leaves ovate subcordate subentire glabrous.

Samyda foliis nitidis, laevissime crenatis, rudimentis mollibus
rubentibus, racemis tenuioribus alaribus, Browne, 217. t. 23. f.
3. — S. nitida, Linn, Sp. Plant 557 ?

HAB. Liguanea.

FL. March.

A shrub, about 6 feet in height : branches terete, glabrous.
Leaves alternate, petiolate, ovate, subcordate, obtuse, obsoletely
crenulated, nerved and veined, very glabrous, shining, mem-
branaceous, pellucido-punctulated. Cyme axillary, shorter tban
the leaf: pedicels filiform. Flowers of the same size, and bear-
ing some resemblance to those of the Hawthorn. Sepals 5,
obtuse. Filaments 16, each alternate one club-shaped, red and
puberulous towards the apex, more than half the length of the
anther-bearing filaments. Ovary conical : style erect : stigma
obtuse.

SAMYDEJE. 215

The young leaves come out with the flowers, and are at first
of a very soft texture and reddish colour. This is certainly the
plant described by Browne.

2. Casearia hirta. Hairy Casearia.

Flowers 8-antherous 5-partite, pedicels crowded
1 -flowered, leaves ovate serrated pubescent above
hairy beneath along the nerves.

Stvartz, Fl. 2nd. Occ. 756. — Prod. 68.

HAB. Common in mountain pastures.

FL. May.

A shrubby tree : branches spreading, terete, angulose, pubes-
cent. Leaves about 4 inches long and 2 broad, apiculated; the
serratures distant and rather irregular : petiole short. Pedun-
cles 1 -flowered, in clusters, axillary and lateral, short, round, fili-
form, pubescent. Perianth 5-partite, greenish-white, externally
puberulous, larger in proportion than in the rest of the species ;
divisions oblong. The barren-filaments short, villoso-plumose,
persistent : the anther-bearing filaments subulate, erect, smooth :
anthers ovate. Ovary ovate. Style 3-quetrous, length of the
stamens : stigma capitate, slightly 3-fid. Capsule oblong, shortly
acuminate, 3-valved.

In the specimens which I have examined, the perianth was
uniformly 5-partite and not 4-partite, as stated by Swartz.

3. Casearia odorata. Sweet-smelling Casearia.

Flowers 8-antherous 5-partite, pedicels 1 -flowered
axillary 10-15 together, leaves ovate acuminate with
the apex obtuse crenato-serrated subglabrous pelluci-
do-punctulated.

HAB. Common in Savannahs. St Thomas in the Vale.
Port- Royal mountains.

FL. August, September.

A shrub, 6—10 feet in height : branchlets horizontally spread-
ing, subterete. Leaves subdistichal, alternate, petiolate, ovate,
acuminate with the apex obtuse or subemarginate, subglabrous,
(minutely puberulous along the nerves), crenulato- serrulated
(the teeth with a minute deciduous apicula), nerved, pellucido-
punctulated, about 2 inches long and 1 broad : petiole short.
Pedicels 10—15, crowded together, axillary, about ^ of an inch
in length (twice that of the petiole), articulated at the middle,
furnished at the base with minute marescent sheathing scales.
Flowers greenish-white, fragrant. Sepals 5, oblong, obtuse.
Stamens 16, monad elphous at the base ; the 8 fertile ones erect,
subulate ; the barren ones truncated, villous. Ovary villous :

216 CALYCIFLOH.*:.

style erect, length of the stamens : stigma eapitate. Capsule
size of a coffee berry, 3-valved.

The flowers of this species are many times larger than those
of C. PARVIFLORA, and are very fragrant, perfuming the air to
a considerable distance. It approaches very near to C. RAMI-

4. Casearia parviflora. Small-flowered Casearia.

Flowers 1 0-antherous 5-partite very small, pedicels
crowded axillary 1 -flowered, leaves oblong acuminate
crenulated or subentire glabrous pellucido-punctu-
lated.

Arbor baccifera, fructu minimo croceo, Sloane, II. t. 211. f.
2. — Samyda, Browne, 217 — S. parviflora, Linn. Spec. 557.
Swartz, Obs. 178. — Casearia parviflora, Willd. II. 627. — De
Cand. Prod. II. 49.— C. sylvestris, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ.
752?

HAB. Common in mountain thickets.

FL. April — August.

A shrub, 6-10 feet in height: branchlets alternate, nearly
horizontally spreading, slightly compressed, virgultose, sub-
flexuose, minutely puberulous. Leaves alternate, petiolate,
distichal, oblong, acuminate with the apex obtuse, serrato-cre-
nulated, glabrous, thin, pellucido-punctulated, nerved and
veined : petiole very short. Flowers shortly pedicelled, 20-30,
crowded together, axillary, small, of a pale yellow. Pedicels
about 3 lines in length, 1-flowered, furnished at their insertion
with minute ovate sheathing ciliated marescent scales. Sepals
5, roundish-ovate, .concave, minutely ciliated. Fertile stamens
10, shorter than the calyx, alternating with the barren filaments,
which are shorter, truncated, villose. Ovary conical, sub-3-
gonal, green, minutely appresso-puberulous : style very short :
stigmata 3, capitate. Capsule small, size of a black pepper,
3-valved, about 6-seeded.

I consider CASEARIA SYLVESTRIS of Swartz to be merely a
variety of this species, produced by growing in a shady situa-
tion.

5. Casearia serrata. Serrated Casearia.

Flowers 1 0-antherous 5-partite small, pedicels
crowded axillary 1-flowered on a very short common
peduncle, leaves oblongo-lanceolate finely serrated
subglabrous pellucido-punctulated.

HAB. Road from Rose-hill to Peter's Rock, St Andrews.
FL. November, December.

HOM ALINED. 217

A shrubby tree, about 8 feet in beigbt : branches subterete,
towards their extremities angulose, minutely puberulous.
Leaves alternate, shortly petiolate, oblongo-lanceolate, acumin-
ate, obtuse, sharply serrated, nerved and veined, subglabrous,
2 inches long, and £ of an inch broad. Common peduncle about
a line in length. Flowers numerous, crowded, axillary, on
pedicels about 2 lines in length, each furnished with a minute
scariose bractea at the base. Calyx 5-partite ; divisions obtuse.
Stamens 10, shorter than the sepals, alternating with 10 abor-
tive villous filaments. Ovary globose, puberulous at the apex :
style erect: stigma capitate. Capsule small, 3-valved, 5-
seeded.

6. * Casearia hirsuta. Hirsute Casearia.

Flowers 10-antherous 5-partite pubescent!- villous,
peduncles lateral crowded 1-flowered, leaves ovate
acuminate dentate-serrated hairy above villous be-
neath.

Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 755.

HAB. Mountains.

FL, ? •

A shrub: branches pubescent. Leaves large, soft. Peduncles
lateral, below the leaves, crowded, 1-flowered. Calycine
divisions ovate-lanceolate, villous, whitish. Sterile filaments
villous. Style 3-quetrous : stigma capitate. Capsule ovate,
acuminate, 3-gonal, 3-valved. — Swartz.

ORDER LIX. HOMALINE^E,

Calyx 10-30-partite. Petals c. Glandules at
the base of the inner calycine lobes, sessile. Stamens
between the glandules, opposite to the inner calycine
lobes, rarely solitary, generally in fasciculi of 3s or 6s.
Ovary half inferior, 1-celled : styles 3—5. Fruit
berried or capsular. Seeds small, with the embryo
in the middle of a fleshy albumen.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, with deciduous stipules.
Natives of the Tropics. Possessed of no known properties.

I. HOMALIUM.

Calycine tube adhering to the ovary, obconical

218 CALYCl FLORAE.

limb 12-14>-partite, in a double series, with the inner
lobes alternate and narrower. Glandules 6-7, at the
base of the inner lobes of the calyx. Stamens placed
before the outer lobes among the glandules, in bundles
of 3-6. Ovary superior, conical : styles 3, filiform.

Shrubs, peculiar to America ; with leaves ovali-oblong, acu-
minate, serrate ; flowers spicato-racemose. The root of one of
the species, HOMALIUM RACOUBEA, is used in Guiana as a re-
medy for gonorrhoea.

1. Homalium racemosum. Racemed Homalium.

Leaves membranaceous serrate, racemes axillary
and terminal, flowers pedicel led, fascicules of stamens
triandrous.

Jacq. Amer. 170. t. 183. f. 72.—Swartz, Fl. 2nd. Occ. 989.

HAB Port Royal mountains.

FL. July, August.

A shrub about 9 feet, or a tree 30-40 feet in height : branches
patulous, roundish, flexuose, marked with white spots or dots.
Leaves about 5 inches long, alternate, oblong, acuminate, ob-
tusely serrate, smooth, shining above, nerved, reticulato-venose,
of a thin texture : petiole short, smooth. Racemes axillary, rare-
ly terminal, solitary, 3-5 inches long, many-flowered : peduncle
terete, pubescent : flowers greenish-white, shortly pedicelled.
Calyx villous ; the outer series 6-7 partite ; divisions lineari-
lanceolate spreading; the divisions of the inner series alternating
with those of the outer, ovato-oblong, spreading. Glandules
subglobose, slightly villous, whitish. Stamens as in the generic
character : anthers minute purplish. Ovary conical, elevated,
hirsute : styles 3, filiform, glabrous. Capsule hard, ovato-acu-
minate, 1-locular, internally marked with three elevated villoua
lines: seeds brownish.

According to Swartz, the leaves are only two inches long.

ORDER LXII. TEREBINTHACE.E.

Flowers hermaphrodite, polygamous or dioecious.
Calycine sepals 3-5, more or less coalescing at the
base; aestivation imbricated. Petals rarely O, usually

TEREBINTHACEA:, 219

equal in number and alternating with the sepals ;
aestivation imbricated or valvular. Stamens either
equal in number and then alternating with, or double
that of the petals, arising with them from the base or
disk of the calyx, or rarely from the torus surround-
ing the base of the ovary. Ovary sessile or seated on
a thickened disk. Fruit capsular or berried. Seeds
few, in general solitary and exalbuminous : embryo
straight, curved, arched, or replicate : cotyledons vari-
ous ; radicle in general superior.

Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate, without stipules, generally
compound ; bark resinous, balsam iferous, or gummiferous ;
flowers small, generally panicled.

I. ANACARDIUM. Cashew.

Polygamo-dioecious. Calyx 5-partite. Petals 5,
linear, acuminate. Stamens 10, unequal in length,
with one twice the length of the rest, having the an-
ther barren (or none?). Style and stigma 1. Nut
reniform, laterally umbilicated, placed on an enlarged
pear-shaped fleshy pedicel : seed of the same shape
as the nut ; embryo erect j cotyledons thick, semilu-
nated ; radicle exserted.

Trees, with leaves entire and penni-nerved, and with panicles
terminal. — Name, from ava. without, and xagdta heart.

1. Anacardium occidentale. West-India Cashew.

Leaves oval very obtuse subemarginate slightly
narrowed at the base with the length slightly exceed-
ing the breadth.

Browne, Jam. 226. — Acajuba, Gcertn. de Fruct. I. 192. t. 40.
— Anacardium occidentale, Jacq. Amer. 124. t. 181. f. 35. — De
Cand. Prod. II. 62.

HAB. Common in the plains.

FL. After the rains during summer.

A spreading tree, 15-20 feet in height. Leaves at the ends
of the branchlets, alternate, petiolate, oval, subovate, rounded
and subemarginate at the apex, slightly narrower towards the
base, entire, penni-nerved, coriaceous, glabrous. Panicle termi-
nal, corymbose : common peduncle and its branches compressed
and angulose, furnished at the divisions with an ovate acumi-

220 CALYCIFLOR.I:.

nate deciduous bractea. Flowers numerous, crowded at tlie
ends of the divisions of the panicle, shortly pedicelled, at first
white, but afterwards changing to crimson, fragrant, furnished
at the base of the pedicel with an ovato-lanceolate concave deci-
duous bractea. Calycine segments ovato-lanceolate, acute, erect.
Petals 5, linear, acute, with a sharp ridge in the middle internally
for half the length from the base, subreflected, twice the length
of the calyx. Stamens 10, rather shorter than the calycine
segments, subunequal in length, with all the anthers perfect ;
or, as is usually the case in the fertile flowers, as well as occa-
sionally in the barren, one of the stamens is stronger and twice
the length of the rest, bearing a roundish 4-lobed barren anther,
and there may be only the rudiments of several (3) of the short-
er ones : filaments united at the base : anthers reniform. Ovary
in the barren flowers obscure ; in the fertile subrotund, com-
pressed : style subunilateral, nearly as long as the petals, slightly
curved : stigma obtuse. Shell of the nut formed of two hard
coriaceous layers, connected by cellular tissue, filled with an
acrid caustic oil. Pedicel, as the nut ripens, enlarging and
forming a pyriform fleshy edible body, about 3 times the length
of the nut; it is of a yellow or crimson colour externally, and
of a yellow spongy consistence, yielding a subacid austere juice.
This is a very common tree in every part of the Island, with
the exception of the very high mountains : it thrives best in
our dry open plains. It is at first of quick growth, is long-
Jived, and yields annually, after the second year, an abundant
crop. The fruit, when in perfection, is sweet and juicy ; but
leaves a rather unpleasant astringent sensation on the tongue.
It is considered wholesome, and to be of service in cases where
the tone of the stomach is impaired, and especially in the
disease known by the name of dirt-eating. It forms, stewed
with sugar or syrup, a very excellent preserve. A very good
wine may be made from the juice ; and a spirit not inferior to
rum or brandy, possessed of diuretic properties, may be ob-
tained by distillation. The fruit, sliced, is employed in the
preparation of the beverage, known, in the country, by the
name of Cashew-punch. The kernel of the roasted nuts is
much esteemed, and considered not inferior to the sweet almond
or pistachio nut. It is white, and of a sweetish taste : it has
been given, infused in milk, for asthma and worms, and is
said (Diet. Mat. Med. I. 275.) to have an effect in exciting
the faculties, particularly that of memory, so that a preparation
of it has been styled, Confection des Sages. The oil, contained
in the shell of the nut, is thick, black, and very acrid, and has
been applied as a caustic to remove warts and other cutaneous
excrescences, and, introduced into the hollow of decayed teeth,
to destroy the sensibiility of the nerve. It has also been em-
ployed as a cosmetic for freckles, &c. ; but this is doubtful,
as the oil acts as blister, and would be very painful. The

TEREBINTHACEJE. 221

milky juice, which flows copiously from every part of the tree,
leaves an indelible stain on the clothes, and has been made use
of as an ink to mark linens. The concrete gum is transparent,
and not inferior to Gum Arabic, for which it is generally em-
ployed as a substitute.

Mangifera, Mango.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-partite, deciduous.
Petals 5. Stamens £, four of which are most fre-
quently emasculate. Style 1. Drupe berried, sub-
compressed, with the nucleus crinite with woody
fibres, evalvular : seed ovato-oblong; embryo erect;
cotyledons fleshy j radicle short. — De Cand.

Trees, natives of the East Indies : leaves entire, penninerved ;
panicles terminal ; fruit edible.

Named, from Manga or Manghos, the vernacular name of the
fruit, and FERO to bear.

1. Magnifera Indica. Common Mango.

Leaves oblongo-lanceolate petiolate, panicles erect,
petals at the apex patulous, only one stamen fertile,
drupe subreniform glabrous.

Manga domestica, Rumph. Amb. I. 93. t, 25. — Gcertn. de
Fruct. II. t. 100. — Mao, s. Man, s. Manghos, Eheed. Mai. IV.
t. 1. and 2 Mangifera Indica, Lam. 111. 138.

HAB. Common every where.

FL. January, February; rarely October.

A tree, about 30-40 feet in height, of a spreading rounded
form, with a dense foliage, forming a beautiful ornament to
lawn or park. The panicle of flowers is large, branched, and
divaricating: flowers somewhatfragrant, very numerous, crowded,
only a very few coming to perfection.

This valuable tree was first introduced into this Island in
June 1782, being among a number of valuable plants taken in
a French vessel, bound from the East Indies to St Domingo,
by Captain Marshall of His Majesty's Ship Flora, attached to
Lord Rodney's squadron. They were first cultivated in the
garden of H. East, Esq. afterwards the public Botanic garden,
St Andrews. There being a great number of plants, producing
several varieties of the fruit, they were regularly numbered.
Hence two of the most esteemed sorts have since come to be
known by the names of No. 11, and No. 32. The No. 11. is
a flat-sided green fruit, of a delicious aroma, and an agreeable
subacid taste. The No. 32 resembles it in form and fragrance, but

222 CALYCIFLOKJE.

is of a yellow colour, and possesses a more luscious sweetness.
Besides these, the following varieties may be noticed: 1. The
Carrot Mango, a large fruit, with the pulp hard, and in taste,
somewhat resembling the root which gives it its designation. 2.
The Papaw Mango, of the same size with the last, but the pulp
is juicy, and to the taste a luscious sweet. 3. Yellow kidney-
shaped Mango, a very good fruit, 4. Green kidney-shaped
Mango, a fruit of a luscious sweetness. 5. Tie-tie Mango ; so
named from the branches of the peduncle being long, and sup-
porting the fruit like a bunch of onions ; rather an inferior fruit.
6. Plum Mango ; a small variety of the fruit and scarcely eat-
able. 7. The Parrot Mango, an oval plump fruit, of a green
colour with an erubescent tinge when ripe, juicy, with a some-
what turpentine flavour, subject to be infested with maggots.
8. The hard or turpentine Mango, resembling the last, but of
a yellow colour, with the pulp hard, and only fit for stock. 9.
The finger Mango ; a long fruit resembling in shape the human
finger, of no value. 10. The dwarf Mango; growing in the
upper mountains, size of a small plum, of no account as a fruit.

Although the Mango is but of recent introduction, it is now
the most common of our fruit-trees. It is very productive,
and is eagerly sought after by almost all our domestic animals.
It fattens hogs and horned stock, and to horses, will supply,
in a great measure, the place of corn. As a fruit, the finer
varieties, are esteemed by many as not inferior to the pine
apple. They are very wholesome, and it is supposed, that the
slight terebinthinate taste, which they all more or less possess,
prevents the generation of worms. They are eaten plain, or
sliced, with wine, sugar, and nutmeg ; or they may be boiled ; or
different preserves may be prepared from them. A very palat-
able spirit may be obtained, from the juice of the fruit : by
fermentation, in the usual manner, or vinegar, of rather an
inferior quality, may be procured. In the unripe state they
form a very excellent pickle, and constitute an ingredient of tarts.

The wood is light and friable, and is of little use except as
fuel. It is much esteemed in India, where it is employed,
mixed with sandal-wood, in burning the bodies of persons of
distinction.

A gum, having some resemblance to Gum Tragacanth. may
be obtained by wounding the bark of the stem or large branches.

This tree is raised from seed, and bears in the course of four
or five years. In order to obtain a good variety, the only plan
is to employ the seed of the desired sort; although this is
attended with uncertainty. All attempts at grafting have failed,
from the quantity of Gum-resin with which the bark abounds.

III. COMOCLADIA.

Flowers hermaphrodite or monrecious. Calyx 3-4-

TEREBINTHACE^. 223

partite, persistent. Petals 3-4, long. Stamens 3-4,
short. Ovary 1 : style O: stigma 1. Drupe ovate
1 -celled, 1 -seeded : ovule subpendulous, fixed to the
fundus of the ovary by means of a funicle, curved at
the apex : albumen O : cotyledons thick : radicle su-
perior, curved — De Cand.

Trees, natives of equinoctial America, abounding in a gluti-
nous juice : leaves impari-pinnate ; flowers very small, shortly
pedicelled, purple. — Name, from -/.o>j,ri hair, and y./.aSoj a
branch.

1. Comocladia integrifolia. Maiden-Plum.
Leaflets petiolulated lanceolate entire glabrous.

Prunus racemosa, caudice non ramoso, alato fraxini folio non
crenato, fructu rubro subdulci, Sloane, II. 131. t. 222. f. 1 —
Comocladia caudice simplici, Browne, 124. — C. integrifolia,
Swartz, Obs. 26 — Jacq. Amer. 12.— Lam. 111. t. 27. f. 1.

HAB. Common.

FL. From December to the end of March.

Stem usually about lOfeet or more in height, in general simple,
sometimes branched. Leaves towards the ends of the stem or
branches, impari-pinnate : leaflets sub-opposite, shortly petio-
lulated, lanceolate, abruptly rounded at the base, acuminate,
entire, glabrous. Panicles several, subterminal, lateral, com-
pound, patulous, each furnished at the base with a short thick
early deciduous scale. Peduncle elongated so as to render the
panicle of nearly the same length as the leaves, compressed :
branches compressed, coloured, puberulous. Flowers minute,
of a deep purple, very numerous, crowded, shortly pedicelled,
not unfrequently male from abortion. Calyx minute, 3-partite ;
divisions rounded. Petals 3, ovate. Stamens 3, alternating
with and shorter than the petals : filaments purple : anthers
yellow. Ovary minute. Drupe fleshy, of a deep purple,
marked above with 3 black spots.

The whole tree abounds with a watery, but somewhat viscid
acrid juice, becoming black on exposure to the air, and staining
clothes and the skin black, indelibly in the former, and in the
latter only removed by the renewal of the cuticle. The wood
is said to afford a red dye.

IV. PlCRAMNlA.

Flowers direcious. Calyx 3- or 5 -partite. Petals
3, or 5, oblong. $ Stamens exserted, of the same
number as the petals. ? Ovary ovate : style O :
stigmata 2. Drupe ovate : nut 2-locular, 2-seeded.

Lowly shrubs. — Name, from xizpog bitter.

224 €ALYCIFLOR,E.

1. Picramnia Antidesma. Majoe or Macary Bitter.

Flowers triandrous, racemes longer than the leaf,
leaflets ovate or elliptico-lanceolate acuminate.

Berberis fructu fruticoso racemose, fraxini folio alato, fructu
nigro dipyreno, Sloatie, II. 101. t. 208. f. 2. — Picramnia fruti-
cosa, Browne, 123. — P. antidesma, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 218.

HAB. Mountain thickets.'

FL. October, November.

A shrubby erect tree, about 8 feet in height : branches
spreading, twiggy, glabrous, ash-coloured. Leaves pinnate, a
foot and more in length ; leaflets, the outermost the largest, and
elliptico-lanceolate, the nearest ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, with
the apex blunt, entire, nervose, venose, glabrous : common pe-
tiole subtriquetrous, puberulous : partial very short, subterete,
coloured, puberulous. Racemes 1-2 feet, slender, striated, an-
gulose, puberulous, pendulous, many-flowered : pedicels filiform,
fasciculated. $ Fl. deciduous. Calycine divisions 3, lanceo-
late. Petals 3, lanceolate, patent, longer than the calyx. Fila-
ments 3, subulate, approximating at their base, erect, rather
longer than the petals, white : anthers didymous, ovate, rufous.
Pistil O« ? Fl. Of the same size as, and with the calyx and
corolla of the former. Ovary globular, pubescent, oblong and
slightly compressed (according to Swartz,) : stigmata 2-3,
sessile, spreading. Berry oblong, in size rather larger than the
common horse-bean, of a scarlet colour, 2-celled ; cells 1-2-
seeded.

This shrubby tree affords a bitter, less intense than that of the
Quassia or Simaruba, but much more grateful. The leaves are
bitter, with a sweetish taste, resembling that of the liquorice,
and a decoction has been prepared from them. The bark,
however, is the part which has been principally employed in
medicine. It has been given with success as an alterative in
constitutional affections, connected with syphilis and yaws, arid
as a tonic in debility of the digestive organs, and in intermit-
tent fever. I consider that it has not received that attention
as a remedy, to which it is entitled.

V. RHUS.

Calyx small, 5-partite, persistent. Petals 5. Sta-
mens 5. Ovary 1, subglobose, 1 -celled : styles short,
3, or with three sessile stigmata. Drupe generally
juiceless, 1 -celled, with a bony nut, perhaps by abor-
tion 1 -seeded, and sometimes 2-3-seeded. Seed ex-
albuminous, inverted, with the funicule arising from

TEREBINTHACE^E. 225

the bottom of the nut : cotyledons leafy : radicle in-
cumbent over the upper fissure of the cotyledons.

Shrubs, rarely trees. — Name, from the Celtic RHUDD, red, on
account of the colour of the fruit.

1. Rhus Metopium. Jamaica Sumach.

Leaves pinnate bijugate with an odd one very gla-
brous, leaflets petiolulated rotundo-oval very entire. —
De Cand.

Terebinthus maxima, pinnis paucioribus majoribus atque
rotundioribus, Sloane, II. 90. t. 199. f. 3. — Metopium, Browne,
177. t. 13. f. 3 — Borbonia fructu corallino, Plum. ic. 61. —
Rhus Metopium, Linn. Atncen. V. 395.

HAB. Common on limestone hills.

FL. January, February.

A shrubby tree, 15-20 feet in height: branches erect,
terete, glabrous. Leaves at the end of the branches, impari-
pinnate; leaflets petiolulated, 2-paired with an odd one, ovali-
rotund, obtuse (sometimes emarginate) at the apex, subacurni-
nate and, in the lateral leaflets, unequal at the base, entire,
nerved and veined, green and shining above, paler beneath,
very glabrous: petiole subterete, slightly channelled above.
Racemes axillary, longer than the leaves, solitary, subsimple.
Calyx 5-fid, persistent. Drupe oblong, glabrous, shining, of a
scarlet colour : nut chartaceous : funicle large, expanded, cover-
ing one of the edges of the seed.

This shrubby tree has long been confounded with the MORO-
NOBEA COCCINEA, the true Hog-gum tree.

2. Rhus arborea. Tree Sumach.

Leaves 3-foliate, leaflets lanceolato-oblong obso-
letely serrulated subglabrous above pubescent beneath,
peduncles axillary and solitary 1 -flowered.

Toxicodendron arboreum, Mill. Diet. No. 8 — Sloane, Cat-
170 — Rhus arborea, De Cand. Prod. II. 73.

HAB. The Falls on the Windward road. Near Hanson's
Salt-pond.

FL. August?

A tree, about 30 feet in height, with spreading branches.
Leaves at the ends of the branches, petiolate, 3-foliate ; leaflets
petiolulated, lanceolato-oblong, rounded and apiculated at the
apex, obsoletely crenulato-serrulated, subglabrous above, pubes-
cent beneath, nerved, mernbranaceous : petiole elongated, terete,
pubescent. Peduncles axillary, half the length of the petiole,

VOL. I. Q

226 CALYCIFLOHJE.

solitary, 1 -flowered. Fruit size of a small plum, orange-yellow,
smooth. Nut from abortion 1-seeded: seed exalbuminous ;
funicle central, arising from the base, lying between the lobes
of the cotyledons as in a sheath ; cotyledons leafy and plicato-
corrugated ; embryo thick, white ; radicle incumbent.

It is probable that this may be found to constitute a genus
distinct from RHUS. I have not, however, been successful in
observing the flower, and have met with only two individuals
of the species. The fruit has a great resemblance in size and
appearance to that of the Hog-plum, but the taste is intensely
bitter. It is green at Christmas, and ripens towards the end of
March, so that it is probable that August may be the period of
flowering.

This tree is stated to be also a native of Campeachy.

VI. SPONDIAS. Hog-Plum.

Calyx 5-fid, coloured. Petals 5, oblong. Stamens
10, arising from a glandulose crenated disk. Ovary
1, ovate: styles 5, erect, distant. Drupe with a
fibrous 5-locular nut. Ovules 2 in each locule. Seeds
from abortion solitary, exalbuminous, with the em-
bryo straight ; cotyledons somewhat fleshy ; radicle
inferior.

Trees ; with the leaves impari-pinnate, rarely simple ; ra-
cemes axillary, simple or panicled. — STO^/K was the Greek
name of a kind of plum.

1. Spondias lutea. Yellow Spanish-Plum.

Leaves impari-pinnate, leaflets 10-paired subalter-
nate obovate subacuminate and serrated towards the
apex, petiole 3-gonal, racemes short.

Spondias foliis paucioribus pinnatis ovatis nitidis, Browne,
229.— S. Myrobalanus, var. $..Willd. Sp. II. 751.

HAB. In the Port-Royal mountains. Not uncommon
throughout the Island.

PL. May.

A tree, 15-20 feet in height: branches spreading, irregular,
glabrous, punctato-pustulose at their extremities. Leaves
situated on the shoots of the last year : leaflets 10-paired with
an odd one, 1-1 1 inch long, shortly petiolulated, somewhat
-obovate, unequilateral at the base, slightly acuminate or acute
with a few serratures at the apex, nerved and veined, subcoria-
•ceous, glabrous with exception of a slight pubescence on the
midrib near the base: petiole 7-8 inches long, keeled below,

TEKEBINTHACE/E. 227

3-sulcate above, pubescent. Peduncles making their appear-
ance in the axils of the leaves of the former year which have
dropt off, subsolitary, not an inch in length, subsimple : flowers
many, tinged with red ; on pedicels 2 lines in length, terete,
puberulous, furnished at their insertion with 3 ovate scale-like
bracteoles (the middle one the largest). Minute pellucid glo-
bules on the peduncle and pedicels. Calyx small, 5-fid ; divi-
sions bluntish, minutely ciliated. Petals 5, much longer than
the calyx, oblong, acute, tinged with red towards the apex.
Stamens 10, inserted on a 10-crenulated disk; filaments erect,
subulate : anthers small, yellow. Ovary green, 5 (or fewer
by abortion) -pointed at the apex. Drupe oval, size of the
common Hog-plum, yellow with an orange tinge.

The leaves of this species are shed about the month of Feb-
ruary, leaving the tree naked. After some weeks the flowers
make their appearance, and, as the fruit forms, they are suc-
ceeded by the young leaves. The fruit ripens about the month
of July. It is of a sweet taste, with more astringency than
that of the S. PURPUREA. It is very subject to worms, from
insects depositing their ova in its pulp, as soon as it begins to
ripen. Hence, it must be collected before it is half ripe, in
order to eat it free from maggots. Were it not for this, it
would be in some esteem as a fruit, as it is very palatable. This
tree has a great resemblance in the mode of growth, and in the
appearance of the leaves, to the following species.

2. Spondias purpurea. Leather-coat or Red
Spanish-Plum.

Leaves impari-pinnate, leaflets 8-10-paired lanceo-
late acuminate at both ends serrated towards the apex,
petiole sub-3-gonal, racemes short.

Myrobalanus minor fructu purpureo, Sloane, II. 126. t. 219.
f. 3, 4, 5. — Spondias diffusa, floribus praecocibus, Browne, 228.
— S. Mombin, Gcertn. Fruct. II. 102. t. 104. — S. Myrobalanus,
Jacq. Amer. 139. t. 88.

HAB. Common in the plains.

FL. April.

A. tree, 10-15 feet in height, of irregular growth. Leaves
impari-pinnated : leaflets subopposite, petiolulated, lanceolate,
acute, acuminate at the base, unequilateral, serrated towards^the
apex, subentire towards the base, glabrous, obscurely pellucido-
punctulated, nerved : petiole sub-3-gonal, 3-sulcate above, with
the ridges as well as the petiolules puberulous. Racemes in
the axillfe of the leaves of the former year, scarcely more than
an inch in length, subsolitary, subsimple. Calycine segments
5, minute, coloured. Petals 5, oblong, incurved at the apex.
Stamens 10, unequal in length (the 5 which alternate with the

228 CALYCIFLORiE.

petals being apparently the longest) : filaments subulate, com-
pressed: anthers small, yellow. Disk annular, crenulated,
purple. Ovary 3-gonal : styles 3 : stigmata simple. Drupe
oblong, six-lined, purple.

This is a very pleasant fruit, of a sweet subacid taste, and
well deserving of cultivation. It is not liable to be infested by
insects, from the thickness of the rind serving as a protection
against their attacks. Confections and jellies are made from
it in the French Islands.

3. Spondias graveolens. Common Hog-Plum.

Leaves impari-pinnate, leaflets 5-8-paired ovato-
oblong acuminate with the apex blunt obsoletely ser-
rulated, petiole subterete, raceme panicled much lon-
ger than the leaves.

Myrobalanus folio fraxini alato, Sloane, II. 125. t. 219. f. 1,
2. — Spondias Mombin, Jacq. Amer. 138. — Gcertn. de Fruct. II.
102.— S. lutea, De Cand. Prod. II. 75. tfaj&y .&*&»*

HAB. Common.

FL. May.

A lofty spreading tree. Leaves at the ends of the branch-
lets, impari-pinnate: leaflets 5-8-paired, petiolulated, ovato-
oblong, acuminate with the apex blunt, unequilateral at the
base, obsoletely serrulated, glabrous, nerved and veined : petiole
subterete, puberulous. Racemes terminal, panicled, 6-12 inches
in length : peduncle and its divisions compressed, angulose.
Flowers numerous, of a yellowish white, slightly fragrant,
shortly pedicelled. Calyx minute, 5-fid, puberulous. Petals
5, oblong, reflected. Stamens 10, erect, length of the petals :
anthers yellow. Disk glandulose, yellow, 10- crenulated. Styles
5, short, appressed to each other. Drupe oval, yellow.

A branch of this tree, made into a post, driven into the
ground, readily takes root, and is frequently employed in mak-
ing fences. The tree, being of rapid growth, and affording a fine
shade, is planted in pastures for the sake of the cattle.

The fruit is called Mombin by the French colonists, and Jobo
by the Spanish. It has a rank smell, but an agreeable subacid
taste. It is seldom made use of; but is accounted an excellent
food for fattening hogs. Barham recommends an infusion of
the bark and leaves as a bath, followed by dry friction, in cases
of cedema. A reddish or dark brown gum exudes from the
tree when wounded. Hence, the young tops boiled in water,
from the mucilage they contain, may be employed for shaving,
when the skin is too irritable to permit the use of soap. Wa-
ter, like that from the stem of the water-withe, is said to flow
from the roots when divided. The wood is light, and capable
of being used as a substitute for cork.

TEREBINTHACE/E. 229

SPONDIAS DULCIS, a native of the Mauritius and the Socie-
ty Islands, has been introduced, and at present grows in the
Botanic Garden at Bath.

VII. BURSERA.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx small, 3-5-partite,
with the lobes obtuse. Petals 3-5, during aestivation
valvular. Stamens 6-8. Disk annular, subocto-
crenated. Ovary ovate, 3-celled : style short, 3-fid
at the apex. Drupe oblong, 3-stoned, with the husk
succulent, 3-valved ; 2 of the stones abortive, and 1
fertile, fleshy, 2-ovuled, 1 -seeded. Seed pendulous,
exalbuminous ; cotyledons leafy corrugato-plicate ;
radicle straight, superior. — De Cand.

American balsam-bearing trees: leaves impari-pinnate, or
simple from the odd leaflet only being present. — Named, after
Joachim Burser, Professor of Botany at Sara, in Naples.

1. Bursera gummifera. West-Indian Birch-tree.

Leaves deciduous generally impari-pinnate, leaflets
ovate acute membranaceous, racemes axillary.

Terebinthus major betulse cortice, fructu triangulari, Sloane,
t. 199 — Terebinthus foliis cordato-ovatis pinnatis, cortice Isevi
rufescente, floribus masculis spicatis, Browne, 345 — Bursera
gummifera, Jacq. Amer. 94. t. 65. — Swartz, Obs. 130.
HAB. Common in the plains.
FL. March, April, with the new leaves.
A tree, usually of moderate height, with the bark of a reddish
colour, and the epidermis scaling off. Leaves impari-pinnate :
leaflets 3-4-paired, petiolulated, ovato-oblong, acuminate, en-
tire, glabrous, shining above, nerved and veined : common pe-
tioles, villous when the leaves are young, angulated, subarticu-
lated at the insertion of the leaflets. The flowers make their
appearance with the young leaves in Spring, small, not showy.
$ Raceme subterminal, axillary, shorter than the common
petiole, several together, compound, many-flowered : common
peduncle terete, thickish, villous : pedicels filiform, several to-
gether. Calyx minute, 5-partite. Petals 5, lanceolate, reflected.
Stamens 5, 8, or 10, of nearly the same length as the petals ;
anthers yellow, linear. Ovary 0 : style 3-fid, caducous, or 0.
<j> Raceme as in the male, but the flowers are less numerous.
Calyx minute 3-partite. Petals 3, ovate, acute, patent, decidu-
ous. Stamens 6. Ovary ovate ; style short, thick, 3-fid :
stigmata simple. Drupe "sub-3-lobate, 3-celled, 3- valved : only

230 CALYCJFLOEJE.

one seed usually coming to perfection, from the seeds of two of
the cells proving abortive.

This tree sheds its leaves during the months of March and
April ; and, after remaining bare for a few weeks, produces its
young leaves with the flowers. It is common in most of the
West-India Islands. It receives from the English colonists the
name of Birch, from the bark having a resemblance to that of
the tree which bears that name in Europe. The French call it
Gummier, from the resin it affords ; and the Spaniards Almici-
go, or Mastic-tree. All parts abound with a glutinous balsamic
juice, of a turpentine odour. It forms, on inspissating, a clear
transparent gum-resin, of a dark green colour, resembling gum
mastic, of a disagreeable alliaceous smell, soluble in spirits of
wine, and capable of being employed, in place of Gum Mastic,
as a transparent varnish. It might be given also, in the form
of pills, as a substitute for Copaiba and other nauseous balsams,
in diseased discharges from the mucous membranes. Jacquin
mentions, that the bark of the root is exported to Europe, in
place of that of the SJMARUBA.

As a timber-tree the Birch is of no value, the wood being
white, soft, and brittle. It is therefore only employed as fire-
wood.

2. Bursera simplicifolia. Simple-leaved Bursera.

Leaves simple cuneato-obovate, racemes axillary,
seeds compressed elliptic.

De Cand. Prod. II. 79.

HAB. Common on Windsor Park P.enn.

FL. April, May.

A tree 15 feet in height, with branches spreading, round,
smooth. Leaves entire, obscurely nerved, smooth, coriaceous,
dark green above, 2 inches long, and about 1 broad : petiole \
of an inch in length. Racemes axillary, longer than the leaves,
simple ; peduncle compressed, smooth ; pedicels short. Calyx
small, 3-fid ; divisions blunt. Petals white, lanceolate, spread-
ing. Stamens 6: filaments short. Ovary globose : style Q-
stigma sub-capitate. Drupe size of a large currant, one-stoned :
stone exactly 3-gonal, with the angles sub-alate.

VIII. AMYRIS.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-dentate, persis-
tent. Petals 4, hypogynous, cuneato-unguiculated,
imbricated during aestivation. Stamens 8, shorter
than the petals. Ovary placed on the incrassated
disk-shaped torus, 1 -celled. Stigma sessile. Drupe
with the nut chartaceous, 1 -seeded.

TEREBINTHACE.33. 231

Trees or shrubs, natives of America ; leaves compound ;
leaflets pellueido-punctate ; flowers panicled, white. Drupe
turgid with an aromatic oil. — Name, from ftvega myrrh, from
the valuable gum or resin, which almost every species of this
genus affords.

1. Amyris sylvatica. Shrubby Torch-wood.

Leaflets 1 -paired with an odd one subrotundo-
ovate acuminate crenulated petiolulated, the odd
leaflet the largest.

Baccifera trifolia racemosa, flosculis albis tetrapetalis, fructu
nigro monopyreno fcetido, Sloane, II. 101. — Amyris fruticosus
minor, foliis orbiculatis pinnato-ternatis, Browne, 209. — A.
sylvatica, Jacq. Amer. 107. — A. maritima, Sicartz, Obs. 148.

HAB. Common in Port-Royal mountains. Thickets near
the Sea-shore.

FL. May — August.

A shrub, varying from 2—15 feet in height; branches few,
long, terete, verrucose, ash-coloured. Leaves at the extremi-
ties of the branches, ternate : leaflets ovate or rhomboideal,
rounded or occasionally subattenuated at the base, acuminate at
the apex which is blunt, slightly crenated, or, where the soil is
rich, duplicato-crenated, glabrous, pellueido-punctate, mem-
branaceous, 2 inches or more in length : common petiole com-
pressed : petiolules short, terete. Panicle terminal and axil-
lary, and alternately branched ; flowers numerous, small, white.
Calyx persistent, minute, 4-fid, with the divisions blunt. Drupe
globose, black, size of that of a Pimento berry : nut oval.

This is a common shrub in thickets, and varies in the size
and form of the leaves, flowers, &c., from soil and situation. I
have no doubt, but that the following species of Jacquin, is pro-
perly a variety of the one we are at present considering.

2. * Amyris maritima. Sea-side Amyris.

Leaflets 1 -paired sessile with an odd one petiolu-
lated, ovate crenated obtuse.

Jacq. Amer. 107.

HAB. Sea-shore at the Havannah, Jacquin. Jamaica, De
Candolle.

FL. ?

3. Amyris balsamifera. Mountain fragrant Torch-
wood.

Leaflets 2-jugate with an odd one petiolulated
ovate acuminate subentire very glabrous, panicle ter-
minal sessile.

232 CALYCIFLOR.E.

Amyris arboreus, foliis bijugatis ovatis glabris, racemis laxis
terminalibus, Browne, 208. — A. balsamifera, Swartz, Obs. 149.
— A. toxifera, De Cand. II. 81 ?

HAB. Common, Port-Royal mountains.

FL. October.

A shrub about 6, or a tree 15 feet in height : branches
erect, of an ash colour, rough with small whitish asperities,
glabrous. Leaves sub-opposite, impari-pinnate : leaflets 2-
paired with an odd one, petiolulated, ovate, more or less
rounded at the base, acuminate with the apex acute, subentire,
very glabrous, of a bright green, somewhat shining and obscurely
nerved above, pale and reticulato-venose beneath, pellucido-
punctate : common petiole terete : petiolules short, terete.
Panicle terminal, sessile (i. e. no common stalk) : peduncles
several, arising from the end of the branch, compressed, pu-
berulous, subdivided : branchlets short, compressed, puberu-
lous, with a small ovate bractea at the base of each. Flowers
numerous, white, slightly fragrant, very shortly pedicelled, in
threes, with a pair of minute bracteoles below each flower.
Calyx minute, 4-fid ; divisions ovate, ciliated, glanduloso-punc-
tulate. Petals 4, cuneato-unguiculated, concave, patenti-reflex,
glanduloso-punctate. Stamens 8, of nearly the same length as
the petals, patent : anthers white. Ovary seated on an amber-
coloured disk, ovoid, minutely puberulous : stigma subsessile,
capitate.

The branches of this shrubby tree, when broken or bruised,
exhale a strong smell. Swartz mentions that he had not an
opportunity of examining it.

There are two additional species, A. PHILIPP^EA, and A.
ROBINSONII, noticed by Mr. Anthony Robinson, in Long's His-
tory of the Island. In both, the leaves are 3-foliate, and the
petioles margined.

IX. EXOTHEA.

Calyx 3-partite. Petals 5, shortly clawed, alter-
nating with the divisions of the calyx. Stamens 7-8.
Ovary supported on an annular fleshy disk. Drupe
with the nut chartaceous, 1- rarely 2-seeded: radicle
superior.

Name, from s%udtu to expel; the plant about to be de-
scribed, being allied to the AMYRJDE^E, but separated from them
by certain characters.

1. Exothea oblongifolia. Oblong-leaved Exothea.

HAB. Port-Royal mountains. Road to Friendship-house, St
David's.

FL. February, March.

TEREBINTHACEJE. 233

A tree about 15 feet in height : branches erect, terete, glab-
rous, rimoso-punctulated. Leaves alternate, equally pinnated :
leaflets 2- rarely 3-paired, subsessile, 2-3 inches long, and 1
broad, oblong, obtuse or subemarginate at the apex, entire, ob-
scurely veined, shining above, glabrous except the midrib which
is minutely puberulous beneath, thin, membranaceous, impunc-
tate : petiole sub-3-quetrous, striated, glabrous, 2 inches in
length. Stipules none. Panicle terminal, sessile, composed of
many branches: branches subdivided, compressed, angulose,
aureo-puberulo-tomentulose, as also the pedicels}j which are
very short. Flowers numerous, white, fragrant, resembling
in appearance, as well as in smell, those of the Hawthorn of
Europe. Bracteas at the subdivisions of the panicle, minute,
ovate, acute. ^Estivation imbricated. Calyx 5-partite, exter-
nally puberulous ; divisions rotundo-ovate. Petals 5, roundish,
shortly clawed, alternating with and somewhat smaller than the
divisions of the calyx. Stamens 7, more usually 8, irregularly
inserted between the lobes of an annular fleshy red puberulous
disk ; filaments somewhat longer than the calyx : anthers ovate,
2-celled. Ovary conical, villous, seated on the disk : style
short (?) : stigma obtuse. Drupe size of a small cherry, with
the rind glandulose, of a deep purple colour, 1-pyrerie: nut
large, chartaceous, 1 -seeded : radicle superior, curved, the size
of that of the common pea ; cotyledons fleshy.

Only some of the trees bear fruit. The flowers would
therefore appear to be polygamous. The fertile ones are fur-
nished with both stamens and pistil ; in the barren, the latter
must be imperfect. This is a handsome tree. It approaches
nearly to the genus AMYRIS, but is distinguished from it by
several marks, and among others by the leaflets not being pel-
lucido-punctate.

X. SPATHELIA.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-partite, mem-
branaceous, coloured. Petals 5, hypogynous, during
estivation imbricated. Stamens 5 ; filaments short,
tricuspidate, dilated and villous at the base. Ovary
subconical, 3-angular, 3-locular ; locules biovuled :
style O : stigmas 3. Drupe oblong, 3-locular, 3-go-
nal with the angles alate, sometimes 2-alate and 2-lo-
cular. Seeds oblong, solitary in each locule : albu-
men fleshy : embryo straight, inverted : cotyledons
lineari-oblong, slender ; radicle short — De Cand.

Trees : leaves impari-pinnate ; racemes panicled, subtermi-
nal. — Name, from 6Ka.6ri a palm, from the shrub before us re-
sembling that Family of Plants in several respects.

234 CALYCIFLOR^.

1. Spathelia simplex. Mountain-pride.
Leaves about 20-35 -paired, leaflets oblong.

Aceri aut.Paliuro affinis arbor caudice non ramoso,'/oliis sorbi,
floribus purpureis, Sloane, II. t. 171. — Spathelia simplex, Bot.
Reg. t. 670 Gcerln. Fruct. I. 278. t. 58.

HAB- Common in the lower mountain districts, particularly
of a limestone formation.

FL. Summer months.

A tree, 20—30 feet in heigh,t, simple, not branched, terete,
scarred, bearing the leaves and flowers at its extremity, where
it is ferrugineo-tomentulose. Leaves 3-4 feet in length, im-
pari-pinnated : leaflets 3—6 inches long (those at the centre of
the leaf being the largest), about 30-paired, subopposite,
shortly petiolulated, oblong, acuminate with the apex incrassated
and bluntish, unequal at the base, nerved and veined, minutely
stellato-puberulous especially above : common petiole 3-gonal,
channelled above, thickened at the insertion, ferrugineo-puberu-
lous : petiolules terete, stellato-puberulous. Raceme panicled,
subterminal, 4—6 feet in height : flower-stalk very much
branched, angulose, deep purple, stellato-puberulous : flowers
numerous, of a crimson lilac colour, on short filiform pubescent
pedicels. Calycine sepals 5, oblong, blunt, minutely ciliated
and puberulous externally, coloured, membranaceous. Petals
twice the length of the sepals, oblong, subacute. Filaments 5,
dilated and internally villous at the base : anthers large in pro-
portion, oblong. Ovary 3-gonal, minutely puberulous : style
O : stigmata 3, minute, spreading.

This is one of the most beautiful and showy of our native
plants. During the summer months it is a conspicuous object
in the mountain's woods, rising with a straight simple stem
above the surrounding shrubs and lowly trees, crowned with a
circle of leaves, and adorned with a magnificent plume of
bright purple flowers. This tree commences flowering in the
5-7th year, and, after that, continues to do so annually.

XL SURIANA.

Calyx 5-partite. Petals 5, hypogynous or inserted
at the base of the calyx. Stamens 5-10 with some
of them usually abortive. Carpels 5, bearing a fili-
form style from their inner side, terminating in a cori-
aceous valveless indehiscent nut. Seed single, obo-
vato-reniform, exalbuminous ; embryo replicate; radi-
cle terete, directed downward; cotyledons plane,
incumbent. — De Cand.

Name, in honour of Joseph Donat Surian.

LEGUMINOS^E. 235

1 . Suriana maritima. Sea-side Suriana.

Thymelsese facie frutex maritimus tetraspermus, Sloane, II.
29. t. 162. f. 4. — Suriana maritima, Browne, 190. — Jacq. Amer.
UQ.—Swartz, Obs. 185.— De Cand. Prod. II. 91.

HAB. Sea-shore at Plantain Garden River bay.

FL. June.

A shrub,<5 feet in height, erect : branches terete, tomentose,
afterwards from lacerations of the cuticle reticulato-tomentose.
Leaves numerous, crowded at the ends of the branchlets, ob-
longo-spathulate, attenuated towards the base, rounded with a
small apicula at the apex, entire, veinless, nerveless, thick, sub-
velutino-pubescent (with the hairs slightly hooked) : petiole
very short. Stipules none. Peduncle subterminal and axillary,
about 5-flowered, scarcely longer than the leaves. Flowers
small, yellow, pedicelled. Bracteas small, leaflike, at the divi-
sions of the peduncle. Calyx 5-partite ; divisions erect, lan-
ceolate, acute, sericeo-pubescent. Petals 5, slightly clawed,
rounded at the apex, length of the calyx. Stamens 5, hypogy-
nous : filaments subulate, villous at the base, with the remains
of 5 others which are abortive : anthers ovate, yellow. Carpels
5, albido-villous, each bearing a style from the inner side;
stigmata obtuse. Capsules contained within the persistent calyx,
5, pubescent ; each one-seeded.

This is considered by Jacquin as an elegant shrub. It is a
native of the shores of the warmer parts of America and India,
of New Caledonia and the West-India islands. The specimens
from New Caledonia are usually decandrous.

ORDER LXIII. LEGUMINOS.E.

Calycine sepals 5, more or less coalescing at the
base so as to be either 5-dentate, 5-fid, or 5-partite,
but never in the strict sense 5-sepalled. Petals 5,
or by abortion, 4, 3, 2, 1, or none; in general unequal,
inserted into the base of the calyx, rarely on the
torus. Stamens inserted with, and double the number
of the petals, or rarely 3 or 4 times the number,
or fewer, either free, or with the filaments variously
connected so as to be monadelphous, diadelphous (9
and 1 or 5 and 5), or rarely triadelphous. Ovary
simple. Fruit a legume or drupe. Seeds attached
to the upper suture ; embryo destitute of albumen,

236 CALYCIFLOBJB.

either straight or with the radicle bent upon the
cotyledons.

Trees, shrubs or herbaceous plants. Leaves generally bisti-
pulated ; petiole very frequently callous at the base. This is a
very extensive order, comprehending, according to the Prodomus
of De Candolle, 3438 species. The properties they possess
are various. I shall shortly allude to them in giving the general
characters of the different sub-orders.

This order is divided by De Candolle into ;

I. CuRVEMEiMBRi^E, in which the radicle of the embryo is
bent back on the cotyledons.

II. RECTEMEMBRI^E in which the radicle is straight. Of
each of these divisions two sub-orders are established. The
CuRVEMEMBRiiB are divided into, 1. PAPILIONACE^E ; and 2.
SWARTZI^SE ; and the RECTEMEMBRIJE into, 1. MIMOSE^E ; and
2. C.ESALPINE^E.

DIVISION I. CURVEMEMBRIJS.

Sub- Order 1. PAPILIONACE.E.

Character. Calycine lobes distinct. Stamens
perigynous. Corolla papilionaceous.

This sub-order may be further subdivided, into those, 1st, in
which the cotyledons, when they appear above ground, become
green, and assume the character of leaves ; and 2dly, those in
which the cotyledons are thick and fleshy. It is deserving of
remark that the seeds of none of the first subdivision are eaten
by man or animals : whereas those of the second comprehend
the different kinds of pulse, affording an important and whole-
some description of food.

* Papilionaceous plants, with the cotyledons leafy.

Tribe I. Sophorece.

Legume continuous. Stamens free.

I. SOPHORA.

Calyx 5-dentate, campanulate or sub-attenuated at
the base. Petals of the keel generally concrete at the
apex. Legume moniliform, apterous, many-seeded.
— De Cand.

Trees, shrubs, or herbaceous plants : leaves impari-pinnated :
racemes terminal, simple, or panicled. Name, of Arabic deriv-
ation.

LEGUMINOSA:. 237

1 . Sophora tomentosa. Wooly Sophora.

Fruticose, leaflets 6-7-paired ovali-subrotund emar-
ginate incano-velutino-tomentose beneath, racemes
terminal of the same length as the leaves.

Arbori coral affinis non spinosa, fraxini folio rotundiore, foliis
et ramulis pubescentibus, Sloane, II. 40. t. 178. f. 3 — Galega,
No. 1. Browne, 289, t. 31. f. 1. — Corallodendron foliis subtus
tomentosis, flore luteo, Plum. Spec. 21 — Sophora occidentalis,
Swartz, Obs. 154 — S. tomentosa, De Cand. Prod. II. 95.

HAB. On rocks and sandy places near the sea-shore. On
rocks below the Battery at Tichfield, Port Antonio.

FL. May — September.

Shrubby, usually 4-feet in height; stem subsimple, terete and
incano-velutino-tomentose towards the apex. Leaves towards
the end of the stem, impari-pinnate, about 10 inches in length :
leaflets 7-paired, shortly petiolulated, ovali-subrotund, usually
emarginate at the apex, subcordate at the base, glabrous above,
hoary and velutino-tomentose beneath : petiole terete, incras-
sated at the base, hoary, velutino-tomentose. Racemes terminal,
many-flowered, 8-10 inches long: peduncle terete. Flowers
shortly pedicelled, approximating, rather large, showy, yellow.
Calyx externally pubescent, 5-toothed; the 2 upper teeth obtuse,
afterwards obsolete; the 3 lower ones persistent. Standard
longer than the other petals : wings and keel each of two
petals, equal, linear, clawed, slightly agglutinated at the base.
Stamens 10, slightly cohering at the base ; 5 of them rather
longer than the rest. Ovary stipulate, terete, incano-pubescent :
style subulate: stigma simple. Legume 5 inches long, stipitate,
moniliform, at first pubescent, afterwards glabrous. Seeds
subreniform.

This is rather a handsome shrub, and has of late been culti-
vated in our gardens.

II. ORMOSIA.

Calyx with the upper lip bilobed, the under 3-par-
tite. Standard subrotund scarcely longer than the
wings and keel. Stamens 10; filaments dilated at
the base. Style incurved : stigmata approximate,
obtuse, with one of them unilateral. Legume woody,
compressed, 2-valved, 1-3-seeded (when young 5-6-
ovuled). — De Cand.

Name, from og/iog a necklace, for making Which, the showy
scarlet seeds with a black eye of the following species, are well
adapted Enc. of PI.

238 CALCYCIFLOR.E.

1 . * Ormosia dasycarpa. Red Bead-tree.
Leaves impari-pinnate 4-6-jugate, leaflets acumin-
ate glabrous, legumes tomentose.

Glycine arboreum, foliis oblongis, seminibus majoribus,
Browne, 298. — Sophora monosperma, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ.

722 Ormosia dasycarpa, Jacks. Trans. Linn. <Soc. X. 360. —

E. Brown, H. Keit}. ed. 2. III. 3.

HAB. ?

' FL. April.

A tree, 10 feet in height: branches ferrugineo-tomentose.
Panicle terminal, many-flowered : flowers large, blue, fragrant.
Legume ovate, villous, 2-valved, 1 -seeded; seed large, spherical,
scarlet, marked with a black spot. — Swartz.

Browne informs us that he met with this plant in Montserrat ;
and Swartz gives it, on the authority of Dr Anderson, as a
native of the West-India islands. I am inclined to doubt its
being indigenous to this Island.

Tribe II. Lotece.

Legumes continuous. Stamens with the filaments
concrete.

III. CROTALARIA. Rattle-wort.

Calyx 5-lobed, sub-bilabiate ; upper lip 2-fid, the
under 3-fid. Stamens large, cordate ; keel falcate,
acuminate. Filaments connected ; sheath generally
divided above. Style laterally barbato-pubescent.
Legume turgid, with the valves ventricose, inflated,
generally many-seeded, pedicelled — De Cand.

Herbs or shrubs ; leaves simple, or palmato- compound, 3-
(or rarely) 5-foliate ; flowers generally yellow ; bracteoles very
small, at the base of the pedicels, or of the calyx. — KgoraXov,
was the name of a noisy Greek instrument, similar to the cym-
bals, or, according to some, to the castanets of the present day.
It applies to the present genus, from the seeds rattling, when
ripe, in the inflated pods, and occasioning a noise. The flowers
of many of the species deserve, in some degree, the name of
beautiful. They do not however possess any valuable or pecu-
liar qualities.

„ 1. Crotalarift verrucosa. Warted Rattle-wort.
Stipules lunated declinate, leaves simple oval,

LEGUMINOS^:. 239

branches acutely tetragonal, racemes terminal, ovaries
villous.

Pee-tandale-cotti, Rheed. Mai. IX. 53. t. 29. — Crotalaria
angulosa, Lam. Encycl. II. 196 — C. verrucosa. Linn. Sp. 1005.
— Hooker, Bot. Mag. 3034.

HAB. Common, especially in Cane pieces.

Herbaceous, a foot or more in height, with spreading acutely
quadrangular branches. Leaves more or less attenuated at the
base into a short petiole, rounded and in general retuse with an
awn at the apex, entire, pubescent. Stipules falcato-lanceolate,
deflected. Racemes terminal, of about 7 rather large and
handsome blue flowers. Calyx somewhat 2-lipped, 5 -fid.
Standard bent back, of a pale blue streaked with deep purple
veins, with two squamose callosities at the base : wings obo-
vate : keel whitish, tinged with yellow at the apex. Stamens
monadelphous, alternately short and long : the former with ob-
long, the latter with round orange-coloured anthers. Ovary
subterete, linear, hairy : style geniculated, pubescent on the
under surface towards the stigma.

This species is a native of the East Indies. It has become
naturalized in this Island, and is to be met with in almost every
cane-piece interval, and by every road-side. The flowers re-
semble those of some species of Lupin, and are by no means
unornamental. The figure in the Botanical Magazine is very
good, except that the standard is of deeper blue than what is
there represented.

2. Crotalaria retusa. Wedge-leaved Rattle-wort.

Stipules short setaceo-subulate straight, leaves ob-
long wedge-shaped retuse very minutely pellucido-
punctate, raceme terminal, ovary glabrous.

Tandale-Cotti, Rheed. Mai. IX. t. 25 — Crotalaria major,

Rumph. Amb. V. t. 96. f. 1 C. retusa, Linn. Sp. 1004.— Sot.

Reg. 253.

HAB. Common.

FL. Principally towards the end of the year.

This is a native of the East Indies. It has, however, become
very common, and may be met with in every part of the Island.
The flowers are of a yellow colour, large, and showy, and,
were it not that the plant is so common, would be thought
beautiful. The standard is internally striated with purple, and
externally of a brownish tinge approaching to tawny. The
leaves are puberulous with appressed hairs beneath ; and the
awn at the apex is in general retuse.

CROTALARIA LESCHENAULTII, with leaves and flowers very
much resembling those of the present species, but larger, grows
wild in the neighbourhood of the Botanic Garden, St Andrew's :

240 CALYCIFLOEJB.

and CROTALARIA QUINQUEFOLIA, also with yellow flowers, is
naturalized in the neighbourhood of the Botanic Garden at
Bath, St Thomas in the East.

3. Crotalaria fruticosa. Shrubby Rattle-wort.

Stipules attached only to the upper leaves lanceo-
lato-falciforna decurrent, leaves lineari-lanceolate vil-
lous with appressed hairs, stem suffruticose, racemes
opposite to a leaf and subterminal about 3-flowered.

De Cand. Prod. II. 135?— Mill. Diet. No. 4.

HAB. Port-Royal, St Andrew's, and St John's Hills.

FL. Autumn.

Suffruticose, seldom more than a foot in height, subdivided,
subterete, villous with appressed hairs. Nerves of the leaves
scarcely perceptible. Stipules only attached to the leaves at the
ends of the branches, lanceolate, acute, decurrent along the stem.
Raceme more or less elongating as the pods ripen : peduncle
subterete, villous: pedicels short with a linear bractea at the
base ; flowers of an obscure greenish-yellow, with a pair of linear
bracteoles close to and appressed to the calyx. Calyx persis-
tent, hairy ; segments lanceolate. Standard roundish, subcor-
date, bicallose at the base, greenish-yellow, striated, with par-
allel purple lines ; wings small ; keel open beneath near the
base, somewhat spirally twisted towards the apex. Filaments
free for half their length. Ovary glabrous, geniculated at the
style, which is barbato-puberulous towards the obtuse stigma.
Legume rather more than an inch in length, black, hoary, many-
seeded : seeds shining reniform.

This is not a very attractive species, and, from its narrow
leaves resembling those of the grass among which it grows, it
is apt to be overlooked. The flowers also are obscure.

4. * Crotalaria lotifolia. Lotus-leaved Rattle-wort.

Leaves 3-foliate, leaflets oblongo -cuneiform emar-
ginate glabrous, peduncles axillary solitary 1-flowered,
legumes sessile.

C. trifolia fruticosa, foliis glabris, flore e luteo viridi minore,
Sloane, II. 33. t. 176. f. 1, 2.— C. lotifolia, flore parvo varie-
gato, Dill. Elth. 121. t. 102. f. 121 — C. lotifolia, Vahl. Eclog.
II. 54.

HAB. A wood between the Town Savannah and Two-Mile
Wood.

FL. ? -

Sloane appears to be the only Botanist who has found this
plant in Jamaica. He describes it as shrubby, 3 or 4 feet high,

LEGUMINOSJE. 241

subglabrous, branched. Leaves fths of an inch long and half
as broad, glabrous, with the middle leaflet the largest.
Flowers of a dirty yellow, shortly peduncled. Legumes an
inch in length, brown, narrow towards the footstalk, 5-6-seeded'
seeds small, compressed, making a noise in the pod.

According to Vahl, the leaves are subsericeous beneath.

5. Crotalaria striata. Striated Rattle-wort.

Stipules none, leaves 3-foliate, leaflets elliptic ob-
tuse mucronate subglabrous above puberulous with
appressed hairs beneath, racemes terminal, bracteas
setaceous deciduous, petals streaked, legumes pendu-
lous cylindrical glabrous, stipes very short.

C. Brownei, Bertero, De Cand. Prod. II. 130.— C. Striata,
De Cand. Prod. II. 131.— Hooker, Sot. Mag. 3200.

HAB. Common, especially along the roads in mountain dis-
tricts.

FL. October— December.

Suffruticose, about 4 feet in height, erect, not much branched,
terete, striated, more or less coloured, minutely puberulous.
Leaflets shortly petiolulated, elliptic, acute at the base, subu-
lato-mucronate, glabrous, light green above, minutely puber-
ulous with appressed hairs and paler beneath, about equal in
length to the petiole. Racemes simple, subterminal, sometimes
a foot in length, the middle florets only fertile. Rachis angu-
lose, puberulous : pedicels short, terete, pruinose, recurved,
furnished at the base with subulato-filiform early deciduous
bracteas. Flowers numerous, drooping. Calyx puberulous ;
lower lip 3-partite, the middle division elongato-lanceolate ; the
upper 2-fid, lanceolate, recurved. Petals thrice as long as the
calyx, yellow, veined with brownish purple : standard broadly
oblong, reflexed ; wings subfalcate, bluntish, not half the length
of the keel, which is about the same length as the standard, and
very much acuminate. Ovary whitish, puberulous. Legume
an inch and a half in length, bearing the persistent style as a
beak. Seeds reniform, numerous.

This is a very common weed, and springs up in the greatest
abundance, towards Autumn, along the mountain roads. The
leaves retain the drops of moisture for some time after the rain,
and is a subject of annoyance to passengers in paths which are
but little frequented, and where it is allowed to encroach un-
disturbed. It has hence received the name of the Water-bush.

There is a very good figure in the Botanical Magazine, taken
from a plant raised from seed sent from the Mauritius. Ac-
cording to De Candolle, it is a native of the East Indies. It
is difficult to say whether it was originally indigenous to this
VOL. i n

242 CALYC1FLORJE.

Island. No plant, however, can be more generally diffused.
The C. BROWNEI, of Bertero, is the plant before us.

6. Crotalaria incana. Hoary Rattle-wort.

Stipules and bracteas setaceous villous deciduous,
leaves 3-foliate, leaflets elliptic or obovate villous be-
neath, racemes opposite to a leaf spiked, calyces some-
what glabrous, keel tomentose at the margin, legumes
sessile pendulous hirsute.

Crotalaria trifolia fruticosa, foliis rotundis incanis, floribus e
viridi luteis, fructu pubescente, Sloane, II. 34. t. 179. f. 1. —
C. incana, Linn. Spec. 1005. — Jacq. Obs. IV. t. 82. — Cav. Ic.
IV. t. 322.— Swartz, Obs. 278.

HAB. A common weed.

FL. Autumn.

Stiffruticose, erect, 2-4 feet in height: branches few, sub-
terete, striated, incano-villous. Leaflets, the terminal one
the largest, elliptic or obovate, rounded and apiculato-mucro-
nate at the apex, subglabrous above, slightly villous along the
nerves beneath. Stipules capillari-setaceous : stipels Q. Ra-
ceme opposite to a leaf, 5-flowered : common peduncle terete,
incano-villous : pedicels short : bracteoles setaceous, deciduous,
situated below the calyx : flowers greenish yellow. Calyx sub-
glabrous ; segments lanceolate. Keel of the corolla with the edge
albido-tomentose. Filaments monadelphous, with the sheath
slit open above. Ovary oblong, densely incano-villous : style
geniculated with a sharp bend near its origin from the
ovary, with the under surface pubescent as it approaches the
stigma : stigma subcapitate and farinoso-puberulous. Legume
an inch and a half in , length, beaked with the persistent genicu-
lated portion of the style : seeds numerous, subreniform, com-
pressed, of a yellowish clay-colour, shining.

IV. ULEX.

Calyx bibracteolated ; upper lip 2-, lower 3-toothed.
Stamens monadelphous. Legume turgid, scarcely
longer than the calyx.

1. Ulex Europaeus. Common Furze.
Erect, leaves and branchlets somewhat villous,
teeth of the calyx connivent, bracteas ovate loose.

Smith, Engl. Bot. t. 742.— De Cand. FL Fr. IV. 492.
HAB. High mountains. Very common in the neighbour-
hood of St Catherine's Peak.
FL. Throughout the year.

I.KHUMINOS/K. 243

This plant has become completely naturalized, and is very
common in certain situations. It has been cultivated in Europe,
planted on a raised bank, for the purpose of forming fences,
It is also sown in fields, and the branches, having1 been cut
down about the second year, and passed between rollers to bruise
the woody fibres and spines, are given as green food to cattle.
It may be well to bear this in mind, as it has been found to be
very nutritive, and grows freely in elevated situations where
the Guinea-grass either does not succeed, or is found to yield
very little nourishment.

The Broom, CYTISUS SCOPARICJS, although it may be met
with growing wild, has not succeeded so well as the Furze, and
I have never observed it in blossom or fruit.

V. TRIFOLIUM.

Calyx tubulose, 5-fid, persistent. Stamens diadel-
plious. Legume (in general) shorter than the calyx,
ovate and 1-2-seeded, or oblong and 3-4-seeded.

Name, from reipv7.7.ov three-leaved.

1. Trifolium repens. White or Dutch Clover.

Stem creeping, leaflets obovato-subrotund subretuse
denticulated, stipules lanceolate scariose, peduncles
long axillary, flowers pedicelled deflected after the
anthesis, legumes 4-seeded.

Engl. Sot. 1769.— De Cand. Prod. II. 198.
HAB. Common in mountain pastures.
FL. Throughout the year.

2. Trifolium filiforme. Slender Yellow -flowered

Trefoil.

Stem diffuse, leaflets obovate or obcordate subden-
ticulated, stipules broad ovate, peduncles long, flow-
ers subumbellated sessile, legumes 1-2-seeded sub-
stipitate.

Engl. Sot. 1257.

HAB. JRoad sides and stony places in the mountains, com-
mon.

FL. Throughout the year.

VI. INDIGOFERA.

Calyx 5-fid, with the lobes acute. Standard
rounded, emarginate. Keel furnished on both sides

244 CALYCIFLOIUE.

with a subulate spur, at length frequently elastically
deflected. Stamens diadelphous. Style filiform,
glabrous. Legume subterete or plane or tetragonal,
many-seeded, 2-valved, rarely few-seeded and ovate,
or 1 -seeded and subglobose : seeds ovate, truncated at
both ends, frequently separated by cellulose isthmi. —
De Cand.

Herbaceous or suffruticose plants. Stipules distinct from
the petiole, small. Peduncles axillary. Flowers racemose,
purple, blue, or white. Leaves simple, impari-pinnate, or di-
gitate. Hairs generally strigose and appressed. — Name, from
INDJCUM, a plant, described by Pliny, as brought from India,
and FERO, to bear.

1. Indigofera argentea. Silvery-leaved Indigo.

Fruticose, branches terete silky-whitish with an
appressed pubescence, leaflets 1-2-paired obovate
sericeo-pubescent, racemes shorter than the leaf,
legumes pendulous subcompressed torulose canescent
2-4-seeded.

I. articulata, Guoan, III. 49 — I. glauca, Lamarck, Encycl.
III. 236. — I. tinctoria, Forsk. descr. 138.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. Throughout the year.

This species of Indigo was formerly a common weed in the
Botanic Garden at Bath. It is cultivated, in Egypt and Bar-
bary, for the manufacture of Indigo. The grain of the fecula,
procured from it, is said not to be so large as in the other
sorts ; but the plant itself is more hardy, and resists better the
attacks of insects, and effects of heavy rains.

2. Indigofera Anil. Wild Indigo.

Stem suffruticose erect, leaflets 4-5-paired oblong
acute at the base rounded and mucronate at the apex
appresso-puberulous especially beneath, racemes axil-
lary shorter than the leaves, legumes arcuate deflected
3-6-seeded.

HAB. Common every where.

FL. Throughout the year.

A shrub, 4-12 feet in height, erect: branches towards their
extremities anguloso-sulcated, incano-puberulous with minute
appressed reverted hairs. Leaflets petiolulated, 5 -paired with
an odd one, obovato-oblong, mucronate, subglabrous and of a

LEGUMINOSJE. 245

pale green above, subincano-puberulous with appressed hairs
beneath. Stipules setaceo-subulate. Racemes axillary. Le-
gumes |ths of an inch in length, deflected, arcuate, terete, tor-
ulose, 3-6-seeded ; the under suture marked with an obscure
callous ridge.

This is one of the most common plants in the Island, abound-
ing especially in river courses, and dry gravelly situations.

3. Indigofera tinctoria. Frank Indigo.

Stem suffruticose erect, leaflets 4-5-paired elliptic
subacute at the base rounded and mucronulated at the
apex appresso-puberulous, racemes shorter than the
leaves, legumes arcuate deflected 10-seeded.

Coluteae affinis fruticosa, siliquis falcatis Sloane, Jam. II. t.
179. f. 2. — Indigofera assurgens, siliquis arcuatis, Browne, 302.
I. Sumatrana, Gcertn. Fruct. II. 317. t. 148. — I. tinctoria, a,
macrocarpa, De Cand. Prod. II. 224.

HAB. Common in Liguanea.

FL. Throughout the year.

A shrub, seldom more than 2 feet in height : branches spread-
ing, subflexuose, angulose and appresso-puberulous towards
their extremities. Leaflets 4-5-paired with an odd one, petio-
lulated, elliptic, acute at the base, rounded and apiculated at
the apex, appresso-puberulous especially beneath. Stipules
small, subulate. Racemes axillary, not half the length of the
leaf. Flowers pedicelled, furnished at the insertion with a
small subulate bractea. Calyx 5-dentate ; the two upper teeth
more widely apart than the rest. Standard ovali-rounded, api-
culated, not emarginate, tinged with vermilion colour internally,
minutely ciliated and appresso-puberulous externally : wings
shorter than the keel, of a vermilion colour, minutely ciliated :
keel concave, greenish, minutely ciliated. Legume upwards of
an inch in length, arcuate, terete, appresso-pubescent, with the
sutures, when dry, callous and slightly prominent: seeds 10.

This is a very distinct species from the preceding. It abounds
more in the dyeing principle, and is therefore the one gene-
rally selected for cultivation.

The Guatimala indigo plant, I. DISPERMA of some authors, but
considered by De Candolle as only a variety of the present
species, though formerly cultivated, is not now to be met with
in this country.

4. Indigofera mucronata. Trailing Indigo.

Suffrutescent angulose as well as the petioles and
leaflets appresso-hispidulous, leaflets 2-paired oblongo-
ovate mucronate pale beneath, racemes peduncled

246 CALYCI FLORAS-

longer than the leaves, legumes reflected slightly
curved tereti-tetragonal mucronate appresso-hispid
many-seeded.

De Cand. Prod. II. 227.

HAB. Common Port-Royal and St Andrew's mountains.

FL. Throughout the year.

Suffruticose ; branches long, virgate, trailing, supported on
neighbouring shrubs, angulose, hispidulous with appressed hairs.
Leaflets petioluled, 2- rarely 3-paired with an odd one, oblongo-
ovate, mucronate, hispidulous with appressed hairs, hoary be-
neath : petiole terete. Racemes axillary, solitary, elongating
as the fruit begins to form, so as to exceed the leaf in length.
Flowers alternate, shortly pedieelled, furnished with a minute
subulate ciliated bractea at the insertion. Calyx externally
hispidulous, 5-fid ; lobes acute. Standard rounded, internally
vermilion- coloured, externally pale and puberulotis with a lon-
gitudinal green mid-nerve : wings acinaciform, minutely ciliated
at the apex: keel white, with the upper edge tinged with red,
and ciliated. Stamens 9 and 1. Ovary linear, minutely ap-
presso-puberulous : style filiform : stigma subcapitate. Legume
nearly 2 inches long, tereti-tetragonal, subulate at the apex,
appresso-hispidulous, slightly curved, many-seeded.

This species appears to have been first detected by Bertero,
during his visit to this Island. As the leaves are very thin,
and the plant grows in thickets, it is not likely that it will
be found adapted for the purposes of the Indigo grower.

In the cultivation of the Indigo plant, the best time, for plough-
ing or preparing the land, is immediately after the October rains.
It has been found that sowing broad-cast succeeds better than
in drills. A bushel of seed will plant from six to eight acres.
In the course of a few days the young plants come up ; soon
after which they ought to be cleaned and moulded. As the
plant grows wild in river courses and in dry gravelly situations,
a soil of a similar character is found the best adapted for its
cultivation. The rains ought also to be light and seasonable,
and it is of importance that they should fall immediately after
the young plants show themselves above ground, in order that
they may be invigorated, and enabled to resist the attacks of the
numerous insects to which they are, at this period of their growth,
exposed. From this time little rain is required, except im-
mediately after the branches have been cut ; at these periods a
shower is of great service enabling the plants to send out new
and vigorous shoots. A wet climate indeed is not at all suited
to the cultivation of the Indigo. It is true that the plant may
grow luxuriantly, but the juices are watery, and the produce

LEGUMINOS,*;. 247

obtained is small in quantity, and inferior in quality. Besides,
as Indigo contains an immense proportion of carbon, and, as it
is a well established fact in Vegetable Physiology, that it is not
secreted by plants in the shade, but only when they are exposed
to the direct influence of the sun's rays ; it is evident, that In-
digo requires much and continued sunshine to render its juices
rich in this principle.

The proper period for cutting the plant is previous to
flowering. The leaves at this time change from a light to a
dark green, and, according to the French indigo planters, they
crack when they are squeezed. It is of importance to determine
the exact time when the plant comes to this state, since the
branches, if they are prematurely cut, would be deficient in the
quantity of the produce, and the quality would be inferior.

The Indigo plant is retained in cultivation fora year, during
which period it yields three or four cuttings. The Indigo
obtained from the first cutting is the greatest in quantity,
and is of the finest quality. The succeeding cuttings become
gradually less productive, so that one part of the first, yields
as much as two parts of the second cutting.

There are several methods employed in the manufacturing
of Indigo. The 1st. is styled the fermenting process, and is that
which was formerly practised in this country, when Indigo was
generally cultivated. The branches, having been cut by means
of a sickle, are placed, with the stalk upwards, in the steeping
vat, till it is nearly three parts full. This vat is a large cistern
of mason work or wood, about 16 feet square. It is then filled
with water, and to prevent the branches from floating, they are
kept down by means of rails loaded with planks. Soon after,
the fermentation commences, and goes on till, in 24 hours, the
contents of the vat are so hot, that the hand cannot be retained
in it. The water gradually becomes opaque, and assumes a
green colour ; bubbles of carbonic acid gas are emitted, and a
smell, resembling that of volatile alkali, is exhaled. When
the fermentation has gone on sufficiently far, the liquor must
be immediately let into the second cistern : for, were it to be
allowed to remain after a certain time in the fermenting vat,
the pigment would be spoiled ; and if, on the other hand, it were
drawn off too soon, much of the Indigo would be lost. This
second vat, which is lower than the first, is called the battery,
and is commonly in size about 12 feet square, and 4| feet deep.
Here, the liquor is agitated and beaten up, to perform which
a variety of machines have been invented. The best adapted
for the purpose is one with paddles, resembling those of a
steamboat, put in motion by means of a horse or mule. The
effect of this agitation is, that the liquor will become as if
curdled, and the indigo will be observed to separate into flakes.
The manufacturer ascertains when the agitation is carried
sufficiently far, by examining from time to time a small portion

248 CALYC1FLORJE.

on a white soup plate. A quantity of lime water is now added,
and the blue floccules are allowed to subside. The clear water
is then drawn off by plugs placed at different heights in the
cistern, and the sediment is drained in sieves made of horse
hair. It is after this put into coarse linen bags, and having
remained for some time suspended in the shade, is subjected to
pressure in order to get rid of as much of the moisture as
possible. Lastly the Indigo, having been converted into a stiff
consistent mass, is cut into small squares, and allowed to dry in
the shade.

The 2nd method of manufacturing Indigo is known by the
name of the scalding process. It appears to be a revival of the
ancient Indian mode, as practised at Ambore, and described by
Col. Martine in the third volume of the Asiatic researches. He
there mentions, that the natives boil the plant in earthen pots
of 18 inches diameter, till the colouring matter has been ex-
tracted : it is then removed into larger jars, and agitated by
means of a bamboo, until a granulation of the fecula takes place.
A precipitant of red earth and water is then added, and the
fecula is allowed to subside. The clear liquid is lastly drawn
off, and the Indigo is dried in small bags suspended in the shade.

The modern process is conducted on similar principles.
Large coppers are about two- thirds filled with the branches of
the Jndigo, which are not to be pressed down. Cold water is
then added to within a few inches of the brim, and the fire is
lighted and kept up rather briskly, till the liquor acquires a
deep green colour. During this part of the process, the mass
must be constantly stirred, otherwise the bottom will be over-
scalded before the surface is ready. The fire is now to be
withdrawn, and the liquor passed through a hair-cloth into the
beating vat, where it must, while still hot, be agitated in the
common way for half an hour. Lime water is now to be added,
and after standing for about two hours and a half, the superna-
tant liquor, which is of a Madeira wine colour, is to be drawn
off. The rest of the process is similar to that followed in pre-
paring common fermented Indigo.

The advantages of the scalding over the fermenting process,
are, according to Dr Roxburgh, that: — 1. The produce is
larger. "2. The health of the labourers is not endangered by
the noxious effluvia, as is the case in the fermenting process.
3. Much less agitation, and very little precipitant is neces-
sary. 4. The operation may be performed several times in
the course of the day. 5. The Indigo dries quickly, without
acquiring a bad smell. 6. Indigo so prepared has not the flinty
appearance common to fermented Jndigo, but in softness and
levity is equal to Spanishyfora.

The 3d manner of manufacturing Indigo is called the dry
process, and is that at present followed in the large factories in
the southern provinces of India. It is described at great length

LEGUMINOS^E. 24(J

by Charles H. Weston, Esq., in the Quarterly Journal. Ac-
cording to this writer, the branches are cut early in the morn-
ing, and spread out in the sun. In the afternoon, the leaves are
so dry, that they are easily separated from the branches by sim-
ply beating them with a stick. After this they are collected
and closely packed in warehouses, and trodden down. As they
are not immediately used, but are kept for some time, it is of
importance that there be no dampness, as otherwise fermenta-
tion would ensue, and their value be destroyed. When the
leaves have been kept about a month, their colour is found to
have changed to a pale lead colour, which afterwards passes
into black. It has been ascertained, that the maximum quantity
of indigo is obtained when the leaves have acquired the lead
colour, and that the colouring matter is only sparingly given
by the fresh green leaves, or when they have passed to the op-
posite extreme, and acquired the black colour.

After the leaves have been kept a sufficient time, they are
transferred to the steeping vat, which is an uncovered reservoir,
built of brick work, and lined with Roman cement, or stucco
prepared from burnt shells, and filled with water. They re-
main there for two hours, and are every now and then turned ;
after which, the water having acquired a fine green colour, is
run off, and passed through strainers into the beating vat.
Two hours may appear to be a very short time for infusing
the leaves. It has been found, however, that when the process
is prolonged beyond this, a partial precipitation of the Indigo
takes place.

The liquo'r, when in the beating vat, is agitated by paddles
for about two hours, during which the fine green colour gradu-
ally darkens, and acquires a blackish blue. As soon as this last
hue appears, and the froth thrown up in beating becomes more
or less white, and the incipient separation of the particles of
Indigo can be detected, a certain proportion of lime water is
well mixed with the liquor, and the whole is allowed to settle.
In the course of three hours the indigo will have fallen to the
bottom, and the supernatant liquid, which ought to be of a fine
Madeira colour, is allowed to run off by means of cocks, placed
at different heights. The indigo is, after this, conveyed into
the covered part of the laboratory, where it is spread on
strained cloth, and allowed to drain.

On the following morning, the Indigo is put into a copper,
with a quantity of hot water, and fire is applied. As the mass
heatens, a quantity of scum rises, which is immediately removed,
and, as soon as the whole is brought to the boiling point, the
fire is withdrawn. The Indigo is then again taken to the strain-
ers, and having been again drained, it is well worked with the
hands, and afterwards subjected to pressure in square boxes, in
order to get rid of as much moisture as possible. In this man-
ner large square cakes, about 2£ inches in thickness, are

250 CALYC1FLORZE.

formed, which are subsequently divided into smaller cakes,
and allowed to dry gradually in the shade.

The boiling process, although not generally adopted, is said
to improve very considerably the quality, and enhance the value
of the produce.

A beautiful yellow precipitate may be obtained, by means
of acetate of lead, from the Madeira-coloured liquid, drawn off
in the beating vat. This is said, by Mr Weston, to promise
to supply a great desideratum — a permanent yellow dye. Ex-
periments are, however, wanting to confirm this.

Indigo in the prepared state is of a rich blue colour, which
varies, however, in its shade in different specimens. When
pure it is light and friable ; tasteless, and almost devoid of
smell ; of a smooth fracture : insoluble in water or alcohol, but
soluble in sulphuric and nitric acids. Some varieties, such as
that known among the Spaniards by the name of flora, is
lighter than water ; and the lightest is generally the purest.
The analysis of M. Chevreul gives, as the composition of In-
digo, a blue colouring principle called Indigotine, a red resin, a
greenish-red matter, united to the sub-carbonate of lime, alum,
silica, oxyd of iron, and some other salts. According to Dr
lire, the ultimate constituents of pure Jndigo-blue, are —

Carbon, 71.37

Oxygen, .... 14.25

Azote, 10.00

Hydrogen, - - - - 4.38

100:00

Indigo is frequently adulterated, by gummy, resinous, and earthy
substances being added to it ; and its weight and purity are
also affected by using lime in excess as a precipitant. Dr
Bancroft proposed, as a test to ascertain the relative values of
different specimens of Indigo, to dissolve equal portions of
each in sulphuric acid, so as to form the mixture known by the
name of liquid blue, and, after diluting with a certain quan-
tity of water, to compare the shades of colour possessed by the
several mixtures.

Indigo is the most valuable and permanent of all the dye-
stuffs. It is also made use of by painters in water-colours.

The method of preparing Indigo, and of applying it to the
purposes of dyeing, appear to have been very early known in
India. Dr Bancroft* has shown that the indicum of Pliny
(lib. xxxv. c. 6.) possessed similar properties with the modern
Indigo. It would appear, by a passage in Capenarius, quoted
by the same author, that, in the 15th century, the Venetians
were in the habit of receiving Indigo from the East by the way
of Alexandria. After the discovery of the passage to India

• Philosophy of Permanent Colours, vol. i. p. 242.

LEGUMINOSJE. 251

by the Cape of Good Hope, the Dutch are supposed to have
been the first, about the middle of the 16th century, to import
it direct into Europe. It was long, however, ere it came into
general use as a dye, and there appears to have existed against
it a very unaccountable prejudice. It was considered to be a
kind of stone, and was prohibited in England during the reign
of Queen Elizabeth, and also in Saxony by the Elector, who
described it in his edict as a corrosive substance, and fit food only
for the devil. Soon after this its importance came to be under-
stood, and the cultivation of the plants which yield it was intro-
duced into the West Indies, and into Mexico, and follow-
ed up with such success, that the market of Europe was for
a long time principally supplied from these countries. A large
proportion was furnished by Jamaica, and the remains of Indigo
works may now be met with in different parts of the country.
In 1672, according to Edwards, there were 60 Indigo works,
producing 50,000 Ibs. annually. A tax, however, of 3s, 6d.
per Ib. having been imposed by the British parliament, the
cultivation was soon after, in a great measure, abandoned ; and
although the duty was soon after removed, and a bounty of
sixpence per Ib. offered, if imported directly into Great Britain,
still it never again became general, and at present, I am not
aware, that it js produced in any quantity, or that there is a
single Indigo work, deserving the name, in the Island. In the
East Indies, on the contrary, the cultivation of late years has
rapidly increased, so as to supply 3-4ths of the Indigo for the
European market.

Jt is to be hoped, as few articles give a more profitable return
for the capital embarked, that its cultivation among us may be
, resumed, especially as, from the improvements in the manufac-
ture, the unhealthy fermenting process, which was found so
fatal to the labourers employed, may now be dispensed with.
An attempt was made, some years ago, by the late Mr Robert
Gray, of St George's, to introduce the cultivation on his own
property in that parish ; but he did not succeed, owing to the
excessive rains which fall in that district during almost every
period of the year. The like ill success, and from a similar
cause, has attended an attempt lately made on Greenwich Hill
estate, in Manchioneal. The result would be different were a
proper choice of climate and soil observed, such as the plains
of Vere or Liguanea, where the rains are occasional, and
seldom heavy, and the soil light and open.

The medicinal uses of the Indigo are few. A decoction of
the root, used as a lotion, effectually destroys vermin, and is
very generally employed for that purpose in the country. The
juice of the young branches, mixed with honey, is recommended
as an application for aphthae of the mouth in children : and the
Indigo, in powder, sprinkled over foul ulcers, is said to cleanse
them. The disease in poultry, known by the name of yaws, is

252 CALICI FLORA:.

cured by the application of a solution of Indigo by means of a
rag.

VI. CLITORIA.

Calyx bibracteolated at the base, 5-fid. Standard
of the corolla large. Stamens diadelphous, inserted
with the petals not at the bottom, but above the base
of the calyx. Style subdilated at the apex. Legume
linear, compressed, straight, bivalve, acuminated with
the base of the style, 1-celled, oo-seed. Seed generally
intercepted by cellulose isthmi. — De Cand.

Scandent plants ; leaves trifoliate ; flowers axillary.

1. Clitoria Virginiana. Common Pea-flower.

Stem glabrous or subpuberulous, leaflets hispidu-
lous with minute uncinate hairs especially above, pe-
duncles 1-4-flowered, bracteoles ovate acuminate
about the length of the calyx, standard spurred,
legumes linear compressed.

Swartz, Obs. 282.— De Cand. Prod. II. 234.

HAB. Common, especially on fences and in thickets.

FL. July — November.

Stem twining, filiform, striated, subglabrous. Leaflets,
ovato-oblong, mucronate, hispidulous, especially above, with
minute uncinate hairs, nerved. Peduncles axillary, usually two
together, of which one is short and 1— 2-flowered ; the other
longer and 2-8-flowered. Bracteoles close to the flower, ovate,
acuminate, slightly longer than the upper, but rather shorter
than the lower lip of the calyx. Calyx externally hispidulous
and ciliated with minute hooked hairs ; upper lip 2-fid with
the divisions approximating; lower lip 3— fid with the divisions
lanceolato-subulate, and the middle one the longest. Standard
large, roundish, emarginate, of a purple colour, marked with a
yellow spot in the centre, minutely hispidirlous externally.
Ovary subtetragonal, sulcated, glabrous: style, dilatato-expanded
towards the stigma. Legume about 3| inches long, straight,
linear, compressed, beaked with the persistent style, of a black
colour, glabrous: seeds about 18, yellowish.

There are, according to De Candolle, three varieties of this
species; 1. angustifolia, with linear or lineari-lanceolate leaves;
2. elliptica, with ovato-oblong or elliptic ; and 3. ovata, with
ovate. This plant is very common in all parts of the Island.
It is also indigenous to Virginia, Carolina, St Domingo, and
Porto-Rico. ,

LEGUMINOS^E. 253

2. Clitoria Plumieri. Large Pea-flower.
Stem hispidulous, leaflets ovate slightly hispidulous,
peduncles 2-6-flowered, bracteoles ovali-subrotund
longer than and concealing the calyx, standard spur-
red, legumes linear subtetragonal.

C. major, Browne, 298. — C. Plumieri, Pers. Ench. II. — Bot.
Reg. t. 268.

HAB. Common on Fences.

FL. September — January.

Twining, hispidulous or subglabrous. Leaflets, ovate, acu-
minate with the apex mucronate, sparingly hispidulous, nerved
and veined. Stipules oblong, marescent: stipels linear, acute.
Peduncles axillary, 2—6 flowered, flowers shortly pedicelled.
Bracteoles longer than and concealing the calyx, ovali-subro-
tund, concave, longitudinally striatulated, submembranaceous.
Calyx with the upper lip obscurely bifid as if emarginate ; the
lower 3-fid with the middle lobe produced. Standard large,
subrotund, emarginate, white stained with deep bright purple
and streaked in the centre with yellow, externally puberulous :
wings stained with purple towards the apex. Ovary linear,
compressed, sulcated : style expanded towards the stigma,
Legume twice the size of the C. VIRGINIANA, about 6 inches
long, and £ of an inch broad, linear, compressed, subtetragonal
with the sides of the valves deeply sulcated, subulato-attenuated
(for an inch in length) at the apex, about 12-seeded.

This is a beautiful species. The flowers are large (twice the
size of those of C. VIRGINIANA), and of a very bright purple.
They are commonly called the fee-fee, from the noise made by
the negro children in blowing through the flower.

3. * Clitoria glycinoides. Hirsute Clitoria.
Stem hirsute, leaflets ovato-elliptic mucronate
glabrous above hairy along the nerves beneath,
racemes peduncled longer than the petiole few-flow-
ered, calyx appresso-villous, standard destitute of a
spur.

De Cand. Prod. II. 234.
HAB. Neighbourhood of Savannah la Mar.
FL. Autumn ?

I have seen specimens of this plant sent by Dr Distin from
the above locality.

VIII. GALACTIA.

Calyx bibracteolated, 4-fid ; segments acute, sub-
equal. Corolla papilionaceous, with the petals 5, ob-

254 CALYCIFLORJE.

long, distinct; standard broader than the rest, in-
cumbent. Stamens diadelphous. Style glabrous:
stigma obtuse. Legume terete or compressed, many-
seeled, 2-valved, 1 -eel led, elongated. — De Cand.

Suffruticose or herbaceous twining plants : leaves impari-
pinnate, 1-cc -jugate; racemes axillary. — Name, from y«Xa
milk, the species about to be described, being milky in all its
parts.

1. Galactia pendula. Pendulous Galactia.

Branches pubescent, leaflets ovato-oblong with the
apex rounded or emarginate apiculated glabrous above
pubescent beneath, racemes longer than the leaf, flow-
ers in pairs pendulous, petals four times the length of
the calyx.

Phaseolus minor latescens, flore purpureo, Sloane, I. 1. 144. f.
4. — Galactia, Browne, 298. t. 32. f. 2. — Clitoria Galactia, Linn.
Spec. 1026. — Lnn. Hort. I. 103. — Galactia pendula, Ker. Bot.
Reg. t. 269.

HAB. Common in the plains and lower hills.

FL. August — October.

Suffrutescent, twining ; towards the extremities of the
branches terete, incano-pubescent. Leaves impari-pinnate,
one-paired ; middle leaflet the largest, ovato-oblong, obtuse or
emarginate, apiculate, glabrous above, pubescent beneath : pe-
tiole short, terete, pubescent. Stipules setaceous : stipels sub-
ulate, glandulose. Racemes axillary, many times longer than
the leaf, sub-simple : common peduncle angulose, pubescent :
pedicels 2-4 together, filiform, pubescent, inserted on a tumid
globular receptacle, furnished at the base with a small ovato-
lanceolate bractea. Flowers showy> crimson. Calyx exter-
nally puberulous, purpurascent, 4-fid ; the 2 lateral segments
rather smaller. Petals as in the generic character. Ovary
linear oblong, sericeo-villous. Legume 4-5 inches long, vil-
lous, shape of an Italicyj subterete, compressed : seeds enclosed
in the thin diaphanous membrane of the endocarp, ovato-
subrotund, compressed.

This plant ascends to a considerable height, partly by twin-
ing, and partly by supporting itself on neighbouring shrubs and
trees. The flowers are rather beautiful. In England it is
propagated by cuttings in sand under a bell-glass. In the wild
state, it is principally to be found in limestone districts.

IX. TEPHROSIA.

Calyx ebracteolated, subequal, 5-dentate, Stan-
dard of the corolla large, subrotund, externally seri-

LEGUMINOSJK. 255

ceous or pubescent, patenti-reflected, adhering to the
obtuse keel. Stamens variously connected, monadel-
phous, or diadelphous with the upper filament slightly
adhering. Style filiform : stigma terminal. Legume
generally sessile, compresso-plane, linear, many-seed-
ed, with the valves plane : seeds compressed.. — De
Cand.

Shrubs or herbaceous plants not twining. The above char-
acter, so far as the calyx is concerned, does not apply very ac-
curately to our Jamaica species — Name,from npoog ash-coloured,
in allusion to the prevailing colour of the foliage.

1. Tephrosia toxicaria. Surinam Poison.

Suffruticose erect, leaflets 14-20-paired lineari-
oblong apiculate pubescent above argenteo-sericeous
with appressed hairs beneath, racemes terminal,
legumes linear subteretevelutino-villous shortly mucro-
nate 10-seeded.

Galega toxicaria, Swartz, Prod. 108 — Fl. Ind. Occ. 1278.
Tephrosia toxicaria, Pers. Ench. II. 328.

HAB. Cultivated : rarely found wild.
• FL. Throughout the year.

An erect shrubby plant, 4-5 feet in height : extremities of
the branches anguloso-sulcated, rufescenti-velutine. Leaflets
petiolated, nearly 2 inches in length, and 4 lines broad. Stipules
subulate, ^ of an inch in length. Racemes terminal : rachis
3-gonal, velutine. Flowers shortly pedicelled, in clusters of
4-6, white with a purplish tinge. Calyx sub-bilabiate; upper
lip 2-fid ; under lip 3-partite as far as the middle ; divisions
acute. Standard externally rufescenti-sericeous. Stamens
sub-monadelphous, i. e. the 10th stamen adhering to the rest
for only a short distance above the base. Legume sessile,
2-31 inches long : seeds oblong, light brown variegated with
black.

This plant is said to have been originally brought from Su-
rinam, or, what is more probable, from Africa. It is very
generally cultivated, and may occasionally be met with grow-
ing wild. It is employed for the purpose of poisoning fish in
rivers. The young branches with the leaves pounded, and
sometimes mixed with quicklime, are thrown into a pool, or,
in the language of the country, blue-hole of some mountain
stream, and have an almost immediate effect. The fish are
observed to become stupified, and as it were intoxicated, and
to rise to the surface, floating there with their belly upwards,
so as to be readily taken by the hand. It has been remarked,

250 CALYCI FLORAE.

that the larger fish recover gradually from the effects of the
poison, but that the younger fry perish. The practice haa
therefore been generally discountenanced, and has very pro-
perly been prohibited, under severe penalties, by legislative
enactment. Experiments are wanting to determine, what effect
would be produced on the human system by the administration
of this plant internally. It has been suggested that it would pro-
bably resemble Digitalis in its action, and might prove, in a
climate where that plant does not grow, a desirable substitute.
It may be mentioned, that the roots of TEPHROSIA LEPTO-
STACHYA, and the leaves of T. SENNA, are purgative. It is pro-
bable, therefore, that the plant before us may act as an evacu-
ant, combined with some peculiar depressing influence on the
nervous system.

2. Tephrosia procumbens. Procumbent Tephrosia.

Suffrutescent, branches procumbent, leaflets 4-5-
paired with an odd one ovato-oblong apiculated
appresso-pubescent beneath, racemes opposite to a leaf
elongated, legumes erect pubescent about 10-seeded.

Galega, No. 2. Browne, 289 — Tephrosia cinerea, Pers.
Ench. II. 328?

HAB. Savannahs in the neighbourhood of Kingston.

FL. October — January.

Suffrutescent : branches a foot or more in length, lying along
the ground, subsimple, subtetragonal and appresso-pubescent
towards their extremities. Leaflets 4-5-paired with an odd
one, obovato-oblong, or cuneato-oblong, subglabrous above,
appresso-pubescent and of an ash-colour beneath. Stipules { of
an inch in length, lanceolato-subulate. Racemes opposite to a
leaf, 6 inches in length, simple : peduncle compressed, angulose,
pubescent. Flowers rather large, resembling those of T. ROSEA,
showy, rose-coloured, shortly pedicelled, 3 together, furnished
with 3 lanceolato-subulate bracteas at the insertion. Calyx
externally sericeo-puberulous ; upper lip bipartite for half
the length, with the divisions setaceo-attenuated, approxi-
mating ; lower lip 3-partite for more than half the length, with
the divisions setaceo-attenuated and the middle one somewhat
longer than the others. Standard externally sericeo-pubescent.
Stamens submonadelphous ; tube of the filaments slit up on the
upper surface, with the 10th slightly cohering to one of the
edges. Ovary linear, compressed, puberulous : style curved :
stigma obtuse, ciliated. Legume 2 inches in length, linear,
compresso- plane, pubescent, incurvato-mucronate with a per-
sistent portion of the style at the apex: seeds 10, slightly corn-
pressed, variegated.

LEGUMINOS/K. 257

3. Tephrosia ascendens. Suberect Tephrosia.

Suffrutescent suberect, leaflets 5-6-paired with an
odd one lineari-oblong slightly contracted towards
the base apiculated appresso-pubescent beneath, ra-
cemes terminal, legumes pendulous appresso-puberu-
lous 5-6-seeded.

HAB. Dry savannahs, South side of the Island.

FL. October — January.

Suffrutescent, 1—2 feet in height, ascending; branches com-
pressed, striated, pubescent, subdivided. Leaflets, mucronato-
apk'iilated, glabrous above, appresso-pubescent beneath : petiole
3— gonal, striated, puberulous. Stipules lanceolate, pubescent.
Racemes terminal, about 4 inches in length ; peduncle com-
pressed. Flowers smaller than in the preceding species, of a
pale purplish colour, 2-3 together, pedicelled, furnished with 3
small lanceolato-subulate bracteas at the insertion. Calyx ex-
ternally pubescent ; upper lip bipartite for half the length, with
the divisions approximating; under lip 3-partite for more than
half the length. Standard externally sericeo-puberulous :
wings cohering for the greater part of their length to the keel.
Stamens with the I Oth subaccrete to the rest. Ovary lineari-
oblong, compressed, puberulous : stigma ciliated. Legume pen-
dulous, 1| inch in length, appresso-puberulous, 5-6 seeded.

X. SESBANIA.

Calyx 5-fid or 5 -dentate, with the lobes subequal.
Corolla, with the standard larger than the keel, sub-
rotund, folded up ; keel obtuse, 2-clawed at the base.
Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1 ), with a subauriculated
sheath at the base. Legume elongated, slender, com-
pressed or subcylindrical, contracted between the
seeds, but, from the sutures being incrassated, not
truly articulated.

Shrubs or herbaceous plants ; leaves abruptly pinnated ; ra-
cemes axillary ; flowers yellow — Name from an Arabic word.

1. Sesbania muricata. Prickly Jamaica Sesbania.

Fruticose, branches angulated aculeolato-muricated,
as also the petioles, leaflets 30-50-paired linear mu-
cronate subglabrous, racemes 2-8-flowered.

HAB. Between the 15th and 16th mile-stone, on the Wind-
ward road.

FL. September — January.
VOL. i. s

25-

A shrub, about 5 1
lated, with the angle
roanded and mocronate at the apex : p
Stipules lanceolate, deciduous. Peduncles striafc
mnricated, elongating and becoming thicker as the fruit :
pedicels j an nek in length, slightly snricated. Flowers
mail in proportion. Standard da wed, of a yeilow colour ex-
ternally spotted with purple: wiaga
pieces, slightly cohering for a short
glabrous ; style carved : stigma ok*
in length, cylindrical, tumid at the)
rous, beaked with the persistent style,
slightly compressed.

This species approaches rery nearly & xauksrauTA of

XL PlSCIDIA.

campanulate, 5-fid. Keel obtuse. Stamens
ous, with the tenth free at the base. Style

filiform, glabrous. Legume pediceHed, linear, fur-
nished with 4 longitudinal membranaceous wings, in-
terrupted with isthmi between the seeds. Seeds
oval, compressed : hiium lateral : embryo curred :
cotyledons eiliptico-oblong, thickish : radicle hooked,
inflected.— Zte Cand.

West- India trees, with the leares impari-pinnare.— #«•*,
front MSCIS a J6A,- the bark, especially that of the root, being
ei-ployed in poisoning fisfc,

1. Piscidia Erythrina. Common Dogwood.

Leaflets oblong or obo vato-elliptic, racemes panicled
axillary, stipe of the legumes 3 times longer than the
calyx, wings interrupted.

Coral arbor polypbyfla noa apiaosa, fraxiai fefio sffiaaa alis
foliaeeis ex? tan lib us rotae mnlmdhnrhr nVrhtiliir TMrfi. Sloame,
II. 39. t. 176. f. 45. — Ichthyomethia foliis pinnate oratis. ra-
cemis term inali bus, siliqnis quadrialatis, Bro**et 295. — Pisci-
dia Erythrina, Smart*, OU. 277.

HAJ3. Common.

FL. Jane, July.

A tree, asaaBy abort 20 feet in height. Leaflets 3-4-paired
whh an odd one, petioluJated, oblong or o^ " •=--:- •

ed at the base, entire, pubescent on both

but snbglabrous when old. paler with mhmte

neath. Racemes compound, axillary (terminal, S*mrtf a) ped-

iwde S-gonal, pcbemloos ; divisions abort a* inch ia kagth :

LEGUMINOSJE. 259

flowers whitish with a purple tinge, shortly pedicelled, with a
pair of oblong scariose deciduous bracteas about the middle of
each pedicel. Calyx coloured, very minutely puberulous ; the
2 upper teeth coadunate; the 3 lower bluntish. Standard
rounded, emarginate, with a greenish tinge in the centre: wings
and keel coloured at the apex. Stamens 9 and 1. Ovary lin-
ear, compressed : stigma obtuse. Stipe of the legume twice or
thrice longer than the calyx ; wings 4, longitudinal, membrana-
ceous, with the margin undulated and irregularly lacerated.

The Dogwood tree is most common in the plains and on the
lower hills of the limestone formation. The leaves are shed
early in the year ; and previous to the full development of the
new foliage, the flowers make their appearance. The wood is
much esteemed, being heavy, firm, and very lasting, not infe-
rior in point of durability to the English oak. The bark is em-
ployed, like the Surinam poison, to intoxicate 6sh. For this
purpose it is thrown, coarsely pounded, into the deep still part
of some stream, when the water soon acquires a reddish
shade, and in a few minutes the fish begin to rise to the sur-
face, where they float. It has been suggested that this remark-
able property might be turned to account in medicine, and Dr
Hamilton states that the tincture of the bark of the root, is an
intense narcotic ; and that he has employed it with great suc-
cess, introduced into the hollow of carious teeth, to relieve
toothach. A decoction of the bark, according to Barham,
cures the mange in dogs.

2. Piscidia Carthaginensis. Mountain Dogwood.

Leaflets broad-lanceolate, racemes subsimple axil-
lary and subterminal, legumes samaroideal scarcely
stipitate with the wings cohering in pairs.

Piscidia foliis oblongo-ovatis pinnatis, siliquis compressis ob-
longis, Browne, 297. — P. Carthaginensis, Lunan, Hort. Jam.
I. 270. Jacq. Am. 210?

HAB. St Andrew's lower hills. Clarendon and Vere, Lu<
nan.

FL. June.

A tree, 15-20 feet, or more, in height : branches spreading,
towards their extremities compressed, angulose, glabrous.
Leaflets 3-jugate with an odd one 4-5 inches long, petiolulated,
broad-lanceolate, acuminate, acute at the base, thin, membra-
naceous, glabrous and light green above, minutely puberulous
and paler beneath. Stipules a green glandulose spot. Ra-
cemes axillary and subterminal, subsolitary, shorter than the
leaf; common peduncle angulose; branchlets short, about a
line in length, filiform, bearing 2-3 shortly pedicelled pale red-
dish-purpurascent flowers, with a pair of minute bracteas about

Trie IIL Hectare*.

,: :-

XIV

262 CALYCl FLORAE.

Small herbaceous or suffruticose plants ; stems branched ;
leaves 3-foliate ; stipules adnate to the petiole ; spikes termi-
nal, dense, with imbricated stipules and bracteas ; flowers small,
yellow. They are destitute of beauty or of any useful property.
The name is derived from tfruXog a style, and avdog a flower.

1. Stylosanthes procumbens. Procumbent Stylo-
santhes.

Stem procumbent appresso-pubescent at the apex,
leaflets oblong acute glabrous, spikes many-flowered.

Anonis non spinosa minor glabra procumbens, flore luteo,
Sloane, I. 187. t. 110. f. 2. — Trifolium procumbens, Browne,
298.— Stylosanthes procumbens, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 1282.

HAB. Common in pastures.

FL. Throughout the year.

Suffrutescent, 2—6 inches in length. Leaflets entire, obliquely
lineated. Flowers yellow. Calycine tube filiform ; limb 5-
partite, with the division opposite to the standard the longest.
Standard emarginate. Stigma pubescent. Legume 1-2 jointed ;
joints 1 -seeded, with the terminal joint hooked : seeds oblong,
subreniform.

2. Stylosanthes viscosa. Clammy erect Stylosanthes.

Stem suffrutescent erect, branches viscoso-hirsute,
leaflets elliptic mucronate serrulato-ciliated slightly
hirsute, spikes few-flowered.

Loto pentaphyllo siliquosa similis, Anonis non spinosa, foliis

cisti instar glutinosis et odoratis, Sloane, I. 1S6. t. 119. f. 1

Trifolium suberectum subhirsutum, Browne, 299. — Stylosanthes
viscosa, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 1285.

HAB. Common in dry pastures and by the road-sides.

FL. Towards the end of the year.

Suffruticose, erect, 6-10 inches in height ; branches subterete,
striated, hirsute with hairs tipt with minute pellucid clammy
globules. Leaflets ciliated, slightly puberulous above, pubes-
cent beneath. Stipules deltoideo-lanceolate, acute, ciliated.
Spike terminal, leafy; flowers few, small, orange-coloured,
solitary and subsessile in the axil of a leaf, and partially pro-
tected by the stipules. Bracteoles 2, close to the calyx, and
half the length of its tube, linear, ciliated. Calycine tube long,
filiform, unequally 5-fid ; the segment, which is opposite to the
keel, lanceolate, acute ; the rest opposite, villoso-ciliated. Stan-
dard reflected, rounded, emarginate ; wings oblique ; keel small,
bifid at the apex. Stamens monadelphous, free towards the
apex. Ovary lineari-oblong: style long, passing up the tube
of the calyx and entering the corolla to be enclosed in the co-

LEGUMINOSJE. 263

lnmn of the stamens within the keel : stigma pubescent. Le-
gume of 2 joints ; the lower joint sometimes abortive ; the upper
compressed, obovato-trapezoidal, villous at the base, minutely
hispidulous, acuminate at the upper and outer angle with the
hooked remains of the style : seed solitary, compressed.

XV. ^ESCHYNOMENE.

Calyx 2-lipped, upper lip 2-fid or 2-dentate, infe-
rior 3-fid or 3-dentate. Stamens 10, in two rows,
equal, concrete. Legume compressed, transversely
articulated, exserted. Seeds solitary in each joint,
compressed.

Herbs or shrubs, natives of the tropics ; leaves impari-pin-
nate, many-paired ; stipules semi-sagittate ; racemes axillary ;
bracteoles 2, opposite, under the calyx ; flowers generally yel-
low. — The name was given by Pliny to a plant, which with-
drew its leaves from the contact of the hand. It is derived
from a/crui/oia/ to be modest.

1. ^schynomene Americana. American Sensitive

Plant.

Stem suberect terete pilose, leaflets lineari-oblong
mucronate 20-30-paired subciliated racemes subra-
mose few-flowered, legumes glabrous with the arti-
culations straight on one side and rounded on the
other.

Hedysarum caule hirsute, mimoste foliis alatis, pinnis acutis
minime gramineis, Sloane, I. 186. t. 118. f. 3. — ^Eschynomene
Americana, Linn. Spec. 1061.— Lam. III. pi. 629. f. 2 — M.
sensitiva, Stvartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 1276.

HAB. Common in Lowland pastures.

FL. Autumn.

Stem suffruticose, about 2 feet in height, erect or ascending,
of a reddish colour, pilose ; hairs strigose, bearing a minute vis-
cid globule at their points. Leaves 2-3 inches in length, about
30-jugate ; leaflets subsessile, unequal at the base, lineari-ob-
long, mucronate, outer edge serrulate-ciliated, inner entire,
minutely puberulous, nerved, about £d of an inch in length.
Stipules nearly an inch in length, lanceolate, ciliated, mares-
cent. Racemes axillary, subsimple, dichotomously dividing,
hispid and pilose, shorter than the leaf^furnished, at the points
of branching^ with leaf-like ovate concave mucronate serrato-
pilose bracteas. A pair of small lanceolate ciliated bracteoles
below the calyx. Upper lip of the calyx oval, scarcely bidentate,
ciliated. Standard bent back, flesh colour with a tinge of yel-

204 CALYCIFLOU*:.

low; keel in two pieces. Ovary oblong, smooth: style short:
stigma simple. Legume about an inch in length, 4- seeded,
compressed, nearly straight on one edge, and with isthmi mark-
ing the articulations on the other.

This is a very common plant in our pastures. The flowers
have, like the leaves, a very delicate appearance, and are at first
of a pale flesh-colour changing in the course of a day to a saf-
fron. The stem varies in being occasionally glabrous. The
leaves are scarcely entitled to be designated sensitive ; since,
with the exception that they are folded up during the night,
and are again opened soon after sunrise, they do not appear
to be endowed with irritability. The JEt. SENSITIVA, a suffru-
tescent plant, 6 feet in height, stated by Swartz to be a native
of St Lucia and Dominica, has not, so far as I can learn, been
detected in this Island.

XVI. NlCOLSONIA.

Calyx 5-partite, with the divisions lanceolato-subu-
late, bearded. Corolla shorter than the calyx. Sta-
mens diadelphous (9 and 1). Legume exserted, of
several compressed semi-orbiculate 1 -seeded joints
dehiscent along the convex suture. — De Cand.

Leaves 1 -jugate, with an odd leaflet. This genus is distin-
guished from DESMODIUM, to which it bears a great resem-
blance, by the calyx being 5-partite and bearded. In this, the
stipules are subscariose and distinct from the petiole; the brae-
teas are similar, but somewhat broader; pedicels in pairs, in
the axils of the bracteas ; racemes terminal ; flowers small,
purple ; and there are no bracteoles at the base of the calyx. —
Named, after Ern. Ant. Nicolson, author of an Essay on the
Natural History of St Domingo, published in Paris in 1776.

1 . Nicolsonia barbata. Bearded Nicolsonia.

Leaflets elliptico-oblong, calyces shut after flower-
ing, legumes minutely puberulous.

Hedysarum barbatum, Swartz, Obs. 287. — Nicolsonia bar-
bata, De Cand. Prod. II. 325.

HAB. Common in dry spots of mountain pastures.

FL. May — November.

Roots fibrous, branched : stem suffruticose, erect, very short :
branches numerous, subterete, of a ferruginous colour, incano-
pubescerit with appressed hairs. Leaflets elliptico-oblong,
somewhat narrowed at the base, rounded and mucronate at the
apex, subglabrous above, incano-pubescent with appressed hairs
beneath : petioles compressed, pubescent. Stipules long, lineari-

LEGUMINOSJE. 265

lanceolate, attenuated, ciliated, marescent : stipels minute
setaceous. Racemes terminal, very short, of a number of small
crowded purple flowers. Bracteas ovato-lanceolate, attenuated
at the apex, ciliated, with a pair of pedicels in the axilla of each.
Pedicels *- an inch in length, filiform, puberulous with minute
uncinate hairs. Calyx externally hirsute, 2- lipped : upper lip
bifid, with the divisions approximating ; lower lip 3-partite,
with the divisions lanceolato-subulate. Petals shorter than the
calyx ; standard obovate, rounded ; wings and keel clawed.
Stamens 9 and 1 ; anthers minute, globular, white. Ovary
linear, tereti-compressed, green, pubescent ; style longer than
the stamens ; stigma sub-capitate, excavated. Legume incurved
at the base, twisted at the joints, minutely puberulous ; joints
semi-orbiculate. Seeds subrotund, compressed.

The calyx, as noticed above, is distinctly 2-lipped, with the
upper lip bifid : we may therefore doubt the propriety of re-
moving this species from the genus DESMODIUM.

DESMODIUM.

Calyx usually bibracteolated at the base, obscurely
bilabiate, as far as the middle ; upper lip bifid ; un-
der 3-partite. Standard roundish ; keel obtuse, not
truncated ; wings longer than the keel. Stamens
diadelphous (9 and 1) with the filaments persistent.
Legume of many joints, separating in maturity, com-
pressed, one seeded, membranaceous or coriaceous,
not at all or scarcely dehiscent. — De Cand.

Herbs or shrubs, for the most part natives of tropical coun-
tries. Leaves either 3-foliate, or 1 -jugate with an odd leaflet,
or simple ; stipels 2 at the base of the outer, and 1 at that of
each of the lateral leaflets. Racemes terminal, generally lax.
Pedicels 1 or more frequently 3, from the axils of the bracteas,
filiform, one-flowered. Flowers purple, azure, or white.
Several of the exotic species have been introduced, and are
common in our gardens. The D. GYRANS, the moving plant,
is a common weed in certain situations. — Name, from Itff/xo; a
chain, and odo? a mode of doing any thing ; the joints of the
legumes being, as it were, chained together.

1. Desmodium incanum. Hoary Desmodium.

Stem suffrutescent suberect terete puberulous, leaf-
lets ovato-oblong or elliptic hispidulous or subglabrous
above incano-pubescent beneath, stipules lanceolate
ciliated, racemes terminal or opposite to a leaf, pedi-

266 CALYCIFLOHA:.

eels solitary, legumes subdeflected with the joints
semi-orbiculate hispid with minutely hooked hairs.

Hedysarum triphyllum fruticosura supinum, flore purpureo,
Sloane, I. 185. t. 1 18. f. 2.— Hedysarum, Plum. Ic. 149. f. I. —
H. canescens, Mill. Diet — H. incanum, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ.
1265. — ^Eschynomene incana, Meyer, 245. — Desmodium in-
canum, De Cand. Prod. II. 332.

HAB. Common in pastures and by the roadsides.

FL. Throughout the year.

Stem, when growing in thickets, suberect, but, in open
clear places, procumbent and rooting at the base, afterwards
ascending. Branches long, simple, towards their extremities
somewhat angulose. Leaflets petiolulated, the middle one the
largest, oblongo-ovate or elliptic, minutely apiculated, nerved,
veined, subglabrous or hispidulous, with minute hooked hairs
above, incano-pubescent (approaching to villous) beneath : pe-
tiole channelled above, coloured, hispidulous. Stipules half the
length of the petiole, broad at the base, acuminate at the apex,
ciliated, marescent : stipels setaceo-subulate. Racemes ter-
minal, or afterwards, from the stem elongating by a develop-
ment of a bud in the axil of the subterminal leaf, opposite to a
leaf, 4-6 inches in length, filiform, striated : pedicels solitary, |
an inch in length, furnished at the base with three small lanceo-
late (the centre one the largest) bracteas. Flowers small,
purple. Calyx ebracteolated, coloured, ciliated: upper lip bifid;
under 3-partite with the divisions lanceolate. Standard obo-
vate, emarginate ; wings obovato-oblong, rather larger than
the keel; keel bifid at the apex. Stamens 9 and I. Ovary
linear, pubescent : style short : stigma obtuse. Legume usually
deflected, 6-7 -jointed ; joints semi-orbiculate, hispid with
minutely uncinate hairs.

The leaves of this species vary very much in shape. In
thickets the oblong figure prevails ; whereas in open clear
places they approach to roundish. It is a very common weed
in pastures, and troublesome, from the joints of the pods at-
taching themselves to the clothes. The specific designation of
hoary is applied, from the under surface of the leaves being
incano-pubescent.

I consider H. SUPINUM of Swartz to be merely a variety of
the present species.

2. Desmodium lortuosum. Tortuous-podded Des-
modium.

Stem erect herbaceous hispid with hooked hairs
suffrutescent at the base, leaves ovali-oblong hispid
on both sides hirsute along the nerves beneath, sti-

LEGUMINOSJE. 267

pules very much acuminate, racemes axillary and
terminal elongated lax, legumes somewhat erect with
joints roundish tortuous hispid.

Hedysarum erectum triphyllum, Sloane, I. t. 116. f. 9. — H.
caulescens erectum triphyllum, floribus minimis, Browne, 301. —
H. tortuosum, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 1273.— H. B. et Kunth,
VI. 521. — Desmodium tortuosum, De Cand. Prod. II. 332.

HAB. Common.

FL. After the May and Autumnal rains.
Herbaceous, suffrutescent at the base, erect, about two feethigh,
subdivided, angulose, striated, hispid. The terminal leaflet the
largest, ovali-oblong, with the apex obtuse and terminating in
a setaceous awn, hispid on both sides with minute hooked
hairs, hirsute with straight hairs along the under surface of the
nerves, ciliated : common petiole of the same length as the
middle leaflet, striated, hispid with minutely hooked hairs : pe-
tiolules short, hispid. Stipules an inch in length, ovato-falcate,
very much attenuated at the apex, oblique, purpureo-striatu-
lated, ciliated : stipels lineari-lanceolate, 3-nerved, ciliated.
Racemes axillary, and terminal, very long, loose, many-flower-
ed. Pedicels in twos, about an inch in length, capillary, his-
pidulous with resinous amber-coloured globules intermixed,
one-flowered. Bracteas at the base of the pedicels, lineari-
lanceolate, ciliated, deciduous. Flowers small in proportion
of a pale azure colour. Calyx hispid, and with resinous
globules among the hairs ; segments lanceolate, attenuato-acu-
minate, ciliated. Pod somewhat erect, elongated, twisted;
joints roundish, hispidulous with hooked hairs.

The above description differs in no material respect from
that of Swartz. Bertero was the first to point out that the
hairs were hooked. It is a very common weed in the intervals
of cane-pieces.

3. Desmodium molle. bilious Desmodium.

Stem erect roundish hirsute with hairs straight
and hooked, leaves ovate attenuated villous beneath
with the hairs appressed, racemes terminal and axil-
lary, pedicels 3-nate, legumes when young tortuous
hispid with hooked hairs, joints rhomboid, the ter-
minal one suborbiculate larger at length glabrous.

Hedysarum molle Vahl, Symb. 1 1. p. 83.
HAB. Common weed in the Cane pieces of Ouanaboa, St
John's.

FL. End of Year.

Stem suffruticose, 2-3 feet high, sub-ramose, terete, hirsute

268 CALYCI FLORAE.

with the shorter hairs hooked. Leaflets elliptic, obtuse, api-
culated, villous beneath with the hairs appressed, ciliated.
Stipules 2, broad-falciform, attenuate, coloured, ciliated: stipels
linear. Petiole terete, compressed, striated, hirsute with
hooked hairs. Racemes axillary and terminal. Common
peduncle terete, hirsute with hooked hairs. Pedicels 2-3
together, filiform. Bracteas small, linear. Flowers small.
Calyx irregularly 5-fid, hairy. Standard and wings purple,
keel green. Legume 6-jointed, spirally twisted, hispid with
hooked hairs.

According to De Candolle, the stem is somewhat glabrous.

4. Desmodium ellipticum. Oval-leaved Desmodium.

Stem suffruticose rooting towards the base after-
wards ascending sub-glabrous, leaflets elliptic pu-
berulous, stipules subfalcato-lanceolate, racemes ter-
minal, pedicels solitary or Q-3 together, calyx
ebracteolated, legumes straight hispid with minutely
uncinate hairs.

Hedysarum triphyllum fruticosum minus, Sloane, I. 185. t.
118. f. J?

HAB. Shady situations in the mountains. Neighbourhood
of St Catherine's Peak.

FL. May.

Stem procumbent and rooting at the base, afterwards ascend-
ing, about a foot in height, suffruticose, branched: branches
subsimple, slightly compressed, minutely puberulous. Leaflets
petiolulated, (the terminal one the largest), elliptic, puberulous:
petiole sub-3-gonal, slightly channelled above, puberulous.
Stipules lanceolato-falcate (the side next to the petiole straight
the other curved), setaceo-attenuated at the apex, striated,
ciliated: stipels setaceous. Racemes terminal, elongated (about
8 inches in length), subsimple, many-flowered. Peduncle com-
pressed striated, hispid with minutely uncinate hairs : pedicels
1 or 2—3—4 together, about ^ an inch in length, filiform, hispi-
dulous. Bracteas at the base of the pedicels, broad-ovate, acu-
minate, ciliated, deciduous. Calyx ebracteolated, 2-lipped ;
upper lip bifid, with the teeth minute and approximating ; under
lip deeply 3- partite with the divisions lanceolate, spreading ; all
of them partially hirsute on the back. Standard reflected,
roundish, emarginate, purple marked with 2 oblong whitish spots
near the base: wings auriculated on the upper edge near the base,
and adhering to the keel at the under: keel in 2 pieces, cohering
near the apex, of the same size as the wings. Stamens 9 and 1 :
anthers roundish, yellow. Ovary pubescent: style longer than the
stamens: stigma obtuse, sub-capitate. Legume 4-jointed, hispid.

This plant agrees in some respects with the HEDYSARUM

LEGUMINOSJE. 269

ADSCENDENS of Swartz, but differs from it in several important
particulars.

5. Desmodium trigonum. Large climbing Desmo-
dium.

Stem herbaceous scandent triquetrous hairy, leaf-
lets ovate or ovato-lanceolate apiculated hairy, racemes
terminal very long, legumes tortuous hispid inflected.

Hedysarum triphyllum maximum, Browne, 301 H.

adhserens, Vahl, Symb. II. 82. — H. trigonum, Swartz, Fl. Ind.
Occ. 1267.

IIAB. Common in the lower mountains of St Andrew's and
Port Royal.

FL. January — April.

Stem climbing to a considerable height, 3-gonal with the
angles blunt, and furnished with stiff-hooked hairs directed
backwards. Leaves remote ; leaflets ovato-lanceolate (the
terminal one the largest) somewhat acuminate, apiculated,
nerved, reticulato-venose, rugose or somewhat bullate, ciliated,
and on the upper side, in addition to the long straight hairs,
furnished along the nerves with adherent hooked hairs : petiole
3-quetrous, grooved above. Peduncle of the raceme long,
subterete, angulose, with the angles armed with hooked hairs.
Flowers purple, rather large and showy, geminate. Bracteas
length of the pedicels, ovato-lanceolate, concave, ciliated, mem-
branaceous, deciduous. Legumes linear, acuminate, tortuous,
hispid with hooked hairs.

This species is readily recognised from every other in the
Island, being the largest and most showy of the genus of which
we can boast. By means of the hooked hairs, with which it is
plentifully furnished, the branches and leaves as well as the
legumes readily adhere to the dress of passengers. I cannot
imagine what Swartz meant by describing the apex of the leaf
as uncinate.

6. Desmodium radicans. Hooting Desmodium.

Stem suffruticose prostrate rooting creeping, leaf-
lets obovato-elliptic, acute at the base, rounded at the
apex, subglabrous above, hoary and velutino-pubescent
beneath, peduncles subradical elongated erect, pedi-
cels in pairs, joints of the legume 2 semi-orbiculate
hispidulo-adherent.

Hedysarum axillare, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 1274.

HAB. Common in St Andrew's and Port-Royal mountains in

270 CALYCIFLOR.TC.

shady places, especially at the base of rocks having a northern
aspect.

FL. Summer months, after rain.

Stem prostrate, sending off roots opposite to each leaf, sub-
terete, hispid with minute hooked hairs. Leaves distant, larger
than in the greater number of the genus ; leaflets shortly petio-
lulated, obovato-elliptic, wedge-shaped at the base, somewhat
rounded and emarginate, with an awn at the apex (the lateral
leaves somewhat unequilateral) nerved, subglabrous above
(puberulous towards the margin), pale and velutino-pubescent
beneath : petiole elongated, sub-3-gonal, hispidulous with the
hairs minutely uncinate. Stipules ovate, acuminate, scariose.
Peduncles axillary, subradical, longer than the leaves, about
8 inches in length, compressed, striated, coloured, hispidu-
lous, with minute uncinate hairs. Racemes about 6 inches
in length, of many rather showy purple-crimson flowers :
rachis angulose, striated, hispidulous with hooked hairs :
pedicels in pairs, nearly an inch in length, filiform, angu-
lose, puberulous with minute hairs, which are pellucido-capita-
to-glandulose. Bracteas small, one to each pair of pedicels,
ovate with the apex attenuated, concave internally, keeled on
the back, puberulous, deciduous. Calyx externally puberulous,
distinctly 2-lipped ; upper lip ventricose, slightly bifid, with
the divisions setaceo-subulate ; under lip 3-partite, with the
divisions deltoideo-ovate, attenuated, divaricating. Standard
obovate, rounded and slightly emarginate, convex, crimson-
purple, with 2 yellow spots near the base ; wings oblong, con-
cave ; keel bifid at the apex. Stamen diadelphous ; filaments
crimson : anthers globular, yellow. Ovary linear, compressed,
puberulous : style somewhat hooked : stigma obliquely obtuse.
Legume pedicelled, apiculated with a persistent portion of the
style, 2-jointed, hispidulous with minute pellucid hooked hairs ;
joints rather broad, semiorbiculate.

7. Desmodium oblongifolium. Oblong-leafed Des-
modium.

Stem herbaceous diffuse terete villoso-hispid as
also the petioles, stipules scariose ovate acuminate,
leaflets ovato-oblong acuminate pubescenti-villous,
peduncles subradical elongated loosely racemose at
the apex, lower pedicels in pairs — De Cand.

Bertero, De Cand. Prod. II. 332.
HAB. Woods in the higher mountains.

FL. ?

This has evidently a great resemblance in character to the
preceding species.

LEGUMINOS^-.. 271

8. Desmodium spirale. Spiral-podded Desmodium.
Stem sufFruticose procumbent and rooting at the
base, afterwards ascending or scandent, branches sub-
terete subglabrous, leaflets ovate minutely hispidu-
lous, racemes subterminal elongated, pedicels 2 or 3
together, legumes 4-«5-jointed. hispidulous with min-
ute hooked hairs spirally twisted.

Hedysarum "spirale, Swarlz, Fl. 2nd. Occ. 1273. — H. pro-
cumbens, Mill. diet.

HAB. Common in thickets and dry shady situations.

FL. Towards the end of the year.

Stem 1-4 feet in length : brandies diffuse, long, filiform,
green, angulose, striated, subglabrous. Leaflets (the middle
one the largest) ovate, subacute, hispidulous with minute unci-
nate hairs, usually discoloured with a whitish spot in the
centre : petiole striated. Stipules scariose, broad at the base,
setaceo-mucronate at the apex : stipels minute, lanceolate. Ra-
ceme opposite to a subterminal leaf (hence apparently terminal),
filiform, very long. Peduncle hispidulous with minute unci-
nate hairs : pedicels 2-3 together, half an inch in length, fur-
nished at the insertion with about 3 subulate bracteas. Flowers
small, greenish-white, tinged with purple. Calyx ebracteo-
lated, minutely puberulous : upper lip minutely bidentate ;
lower lip 3-partite, with the divisions lanceolato-subulate.
Standard subrotund ; wings rather shorter than the keel, which
is concave and bifid at the apex. Stamens diadelphous. Le-

gume spirally twisted, 4-5 jointed ; joints rhomboideo-obovate,
hispidulous, with minute uncinate hairs.

9. Desmodium scorpiurus. Hare's-foot Honey-
suckle.

Stem procumbent slightly hairy, stipules falcato-
ovate acuminate, leaflets elliptic or subovato-oblong
obtuse pubescent, racemes terminal elongated, pedi-
cels 3-4 together, legumes of 5-7 oblong joints.

Hedysarum triphyllum, hirsutum minus repens, Browne, 301.
— H. scorpiurus, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 1268.

HAB. Common in dry pastures and by the road-sides.

FL. October — January.

Stem suffrutescent, rooting near the base, 3-gonal, striated,
slightly hairy intermixed with a minute uncinate pubescence.
Leaflets petiolulated, elliptic, occasionally approaching to ob-
long, at other times subobovate, rounded at the apex, pubescent,
slightly hoary beneath. Stipules falcato-ovate, acuminate,
ciliated. Racemes terminal, elongated, 3—5 inches in length.

272 CALYCIFLOR/E.

Flowers whitish tinged with purple. Peduncle compressed,
striated, pubescent: pedicels 3-4 together, ]£ inch in length,
filiform, furnished with 3 small lanceolate bracteas at the in-
sertion ; clusters of pedicels distant. Calyx externally pubes-
cent, sub-bilabiate ; upper lip 2-fid with the divisions approxi-
mating ; lower 3-partite with the divisions subequal, lanceolate.
Standard obcordate. Legume resembling a hare's foot in mi-
niature, subterete, compressed, hispid with minute hooked
hairs ; joints 5-7, oblong ; the terminal one apiculated with a
persistent portion of the style.

According to De Candolle, the racemes are opposite to a
leaf; but I have not observed this in any specimen I have met
with. — Browne found this species a little beyond Guy's Hill.
It is very common by the roadsides in Port-Royal mountains.

10. Desmodium triflorum. Three-flowered Des-

modium.

Stem filiform procumbent rooting pubescent, leaf-
lets obcordate glabrous above puberulous along the
nerves beneath, pedicels axillary 2-3 together 1-
flowered, joints of the legumes 3-4 semiorbiculate
hispidulous.

Hedysarum triflorum, Swartz, Obs. 288. t. 6. f. 1.

HAB By the road sides, and in cane-piece intervals.

FL. November.

A small plant common on our plains, by the roadsides and
in pastures. The flowers are minute, and, according to Swartz,
open about 10 o'clock in the morning, and close at 4 in the af-
ternoon. It is a native of different parts of the East, as well
as the West Indies.

* * Papilionaceous plants, with the cotyledons thick
and fleshy.

Tribe IV. Viciece.

Legume many-seeded, dehiscent. Leaves cirrhose;
the first pair alternate.

XIX. VICIA. Vetch.

Calyx tubulose, 5-fid or 5-dentate. Stamens dia-
delphous. Style bearded beneath the stigma. Seed
with an oval or linear hilum.

1. Vicia sativa. Common Vetch or Tare.
Leaflets 10-12 oblongo-retuse mucronulate, stir

LEGUMINOS^i. 273

pules sagittato-dentate marked, flowers sessile sub-
geminate, legumes compressed subtorulose, seeds
subglobose slightly velvety.

Linn. Sp. 1037.

HAB. Common in the Port-Royal and St Andrew's moun-
tains.

FL. Throughout the year.

This is a valuable agricultural plant, extensively cultivated
in Europe for summer and winter fodder.

XX. PISUM. Pea.

Calycine divisions leafy. Standard large, reflected.
Style compressed, keeled, villous above. Seeds sub-
globose, with a roundish hilum.

1. Pisum sativum. Common Pea.

Petioles terete trijugate, stipules ovato-sub-semi-
cordate crenated, peduncles many-flowered.

Linn. Sp. 1026.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. Throughout the year.

The Pea is very generally cultivated throughout the Island,
and bears at any period of the year. A creolized variety of the
rounceval, known in the country by the name of the Lynch
Pea, is the most prolific. The Pois-mange-tout, or Pois-goulus
of the French, Greedy Pea of the English, bears only in the
higher mountains.

Tribe V. Phaseolece.

Legume many-seeded, dehiscent. Leaves not cir-
rhose ; the first pair opposite. — De Cand.

XXI. ABRUS.

Calyx obsoletely 4-lobed, with the upper lobe
broader than the rest. Standard acute. Stamens 9,
concrete at the base into a sheath which is open above.
Stigma obtuse. Legume oblong, 4-6-seeded : seeds
separated by cellulose isthmi, subrotund.

Name, from a/3go; eleyant.

274 CALYCIFLOILE.

1. Abrus precatorius. Wild Liquorice-vine.

Phaseolus Glycyrrhizites folio alato, piso coccineo atra ma-
cula notato, Sloane, I. 180. t. 112. f. 4. 5. 6. — Glycine scan-
dens, Browne, 297. — Abrus precatorius, Linn. Syst. 533. —
Gcertn. Fruct. II. 328. t. 151.

HAB. Common on fences.

FL. End of the year.

A twining shrub. Leaves abruptly pinnated, many-paired.
Flowers flesh-coloured. Seeds scarlet, white, or rufous, with
the black spot larger or smaller.

The roots of this plant are sold, in the streets of Calcutta,
as a substitute for those of the common Liquorice of Europe.
The leaves also have a similar taste, and an extract, resembling
that of the Liquorice, and an infusion, much used as a diluent
drink, may be prepared from them. The seeds have been in-
correctly characterized by Browne, as very deleterious ; two
or three, according to Herman, an author from whom he quotes,
being a mortal dose. They are, on the contrary, perfectly in-
nocuous, and, though hard and very indigestible, form, accord-
ing to Prosper Alpinus, an article of food in Egypt. They are
made use of in India, as weights. They are principally em-
ployed, strung like beads, to form necklaces and rosaries : and
it is, from their being employed for the latter purpose, that the
plant has received the specific designation of PRECATORIUS.

XXII. TERAMNUS.

Calyx bilabiate, upper lip bifid, inferior shorter,
S-partite ; lobes acute. Keel very small, concealed
in the calyx. Stamens monadelphous, alternately
sterile. Stigma sessile, capitate, on the apex of the
ovary. Legume linear, compressed, many-seeded,
bivalved. — De Cand.

Suffruticose, twining, natives of the Caribbees ; branches sub-
angulated ; leaves 1 -paired, with an odd leaflet ; racemes axil-
lary, longer than the leaf ; flowers remote, small, of a reddish
tinge.

1. Teramnus uncinatus. Hooked Teramnus.

Branches sericeo-hirsute, leaves silky beneath and
pubescent above, leaflets oblong or oblongo-lanceo-
late.

Teramnus triphyllus subhirsutus, Broivne, 290. — T. uncina-
tus, Swartz, FL Ind. Occ. 1239.

HAB. Common on fences and in waste places.

FL. November, December.

Stem suffrutescent at the base ; branches 3-quetrous, sericeo-

LEGUMINOS^E. 275

m

hirsute, with the hairs of the angles rufous. Leaflets blunt
with an apicula. Stipules lanceolate, pubescent, deciduous.
Racemes axillary, in general of the same length as the leaves,
solitary, erect: common flower-stalk compressed, rufo-hirsute.
Flowers shortly pedicelled, remote, geminate, small, of a red-
dish purple colour. Bracteoles minute, lanceolate, hirsute.
Calycine lobes subequal, subulate; the middle lobe of the under
lip produced. Standard somewhat longer than the calyx.
Ovary linear, hirsute : style very short : stigma obtuse. Le-
gume 2 inches in length, subcylindrical and slightly compressed,
terminating in a hook, rufo-hirsute : seeds oblong, compressed,
ochre-coloured.

2. Teramnus volubilis. Twining Teramnus.

Branches subhirsute filiform, leaves subglabrous
above pubescent beneath, leaflets ovato-lanceolate.

Swartz, FL 2nd. Occ. 1241.

HAB. Common on fences.

FL. Towards the end of the year.

Stem suffrutescent at the base ; branches 3-gonal, pubescent.
Leaflets smaller than in the former species, ovate or ovato-lan-
ceolate, obtuse, apiculated, slightly puberulous, and of a bright
green above, pubescent beneath. Racemes longer than the
leaves : flowers shortly pedicelled, small, of a pale purple.
Calycine lobes acute. Standard obcordate. Stamens alter-
nately sterile. Ovary linear, pubescent: style none: stigma
capitate. Legume l£ inch in length, linear, slightly hooked at
the apex ; valves, after the opening of the pod, spirally t\visted :
seeds oblong, luteo-fuscoid, shining.

XXIII. RYNCHOSIA.

Calyx sub-bilabiate ; upper lip 2-toothed ; lower
3-fid. Corolla frequently not exceeding the calyx in
length. Diadelphous, with the single filament geni-
culated near the base. Legume sessile, compressed,
subfalcate, 2-seeded. — De Cand.

Suffruticose or herbaceous, scandent ; leaves trifoliate, rarely
simple : flowers axillary, racemed, or solitary, yellow. Com-
posed of species referred formerly to the genus GLYCINE. The
name is derived from ^7%o? a snout or beak,

1. Rhynchosia Caribaea. West-India Rhynchosia.

Stem twining angular pubescent, leaflets ovato-
rhomboid acute pubescent resinose-punctate beneath,
legumes acinaciform hispid.

276 CALYCIFLOR.E.

Glyeine Caribaea, Jacq. Ic. Ear. t. 146.— Bot. Reg. 275 —
Glycine reflexa, Nutt. Gen. Am. II. 115.

HAB. On fences, neighbourhood of Bath.

FL. Throughout the year.

Stem filiform, twining, angular, sulcated, pubescent. Leaflets
nerved and veined. Stipules subulate. Racemes axillary, sim-
ple, longer than the leaves. Flowers small (but larger than in
the following species), yellow. Calyx externally pubescent
and resinoso-punctate. Standard reflected, striated ; wings
small ; keel yellow spotted with orange. Ovary pubescent :
style curved : stigma obtuse. Legume acinaciform, about an
inch in length, hirsute, resinoso-punctate, 2-seeded.

This has a great resemblance to the following species, but is
larger in all its parts.

2. Rhynchosia minima. Least Rhynchosia.

Stem twining slender angulated subpubescent, leaves
rhomboid mucronated puberulous resinoso-punctate
beneath, flowers reflected, legumes oblong attenuated
at the base minutely subvelutine.

Phaseolus minimus fcetidus, Sloane, I. pi. 115. f. 1. — Doli-
chos minimus, Jacq. Obs. I. t. 22. — Glycine Lamarckii, Kunth,
VI. 424 — Rhynchosia minima, De Cand. Prod. II. 385.

HAB. Common in the dry hot plains, by the road-sides.

FL. After rain.

Stem filiform, angulato-striated, pubescent, twining, seldom
more than a foot in height. Leaflets small, petiolulated, rliom-
boideo-ovate, mucronato-apiculated, puberulous, resinoso-punc-
tate, especially beneath. Stipules setaceo-subulate, deciduous.
Racemes axillary, in general longer than the leaf, few-flowered.
Flowers small, yellow, pedicelled, reflected. Calyx puberu-
lous, resinoso-punctate : divisions unequal, lineari-lanceolate.
Standard erect, entire, externally veined with purple. Le-
gumes not an inch in length, oblong, compressed, rounded and
apiculated with the remains of the style at the apex, narrow-
ing towards the base, minutely velutine and resinoso-punctate,
2-seeded : seeds reniform.

3. Rynchosia phaseoloides. Phaseolus-like Ryn-
chosia.

Stem twining terete pubescent, leaflets broad-ovate
acuminate glabrous above villous and impunctate
beneath, racemes axillary and sub-terminal, legumes
contracted in the middle.

Glycine phaseoloides, Su-artz, FL Ind. Occ. 1248. — Abrus,

LEGUMINOS^:. 277

Lam. Ill t. 608. f. 2 — Rynchosia phaseoloides, De Cand.
Prod. II. 385.

HAB Twining on trees, on the South Side of the Island

FL. May.

Stem suffrutescent ; branches striated, puberulous, and under
the glass with minute yellow glandular dots. Leaflets apiculated,
nerved, reticulato-venose, minutely puberulous, and dotted with
minute yellow glandules beneath. Stipules small, lanceolate,
deciduous. Racemes numerous towards the ends of the branch-
lets, axillary, solitary, simple, 5-6 inches long. Flowers fusco-
luteoid, shortly pedicelled, distinct, sub-deflected. Common
peduncle angulose, puberulous, dotted with minute yellow
glandules. Calycine divisions lanceolate, acute ; the two upper
approximate ; the three inferior spreading, with the middle one
the largest. Standard concealing the keel and the wings,
emarginate at the apex, greenish-yellow striated with purplish
veins, externally puberulous, and minutely-glanduloso-punctate;
wings linear; keel subfalcate. Filaments 10, with the upper
one free. Ovary oblong : style length of the stamens, dilated
in the middle: stigma acute. Legume oblong, deflected, com-
pressed, attenuated at both ends, pubescent, contracted in the
middle, 2-seeded, when ripe ferrugineo-pubescent, dehiscent at
the upper suture : seeds spherical or oblong, shining, black,
with the hilum scarlet.
k Seeds not unlike those of the ABRUS PRECATORIUS.

4. Rynchosia reticulata. Reticulated Rynchosia.

Stem twining angular silky-subtomentose, ^leaflets
ovate bluntish reticulato-nervose 3 -nerved at the base
silky, racemes axillary many-flowered shorter than
the leaf, legumes broad pubescent.

Glycine reticulata, Vahl, Symb. III. 88 Swartz, Prod. 105.

— Rynchosia reticulata, De Cand. Prod. II. 385.

HAB. Port-Royal mountains.

FL. March.

Stem suffruteseent. Leaflets (the middle one the largest)
rather obtuse, reticulately nerved, veined, silky, with the hairs
appressed. Stipules deltoid, silky ; stipels subulate. Petiole
3- (sub-5-) angular, silky. Racemes axillary, elongating.
Flowers yellow, shortly pedicelled. Calyx resinoso-punctate,
and silky, with minutely glanduliferous hairs ; upper lip bifid;
lower deeply 3-partite, with the divisions spreading. Standard
roundish entire ; wings toothed; keel distinct at the base. Ovary
pedicelled : stigma simple, blunt. Legume compressed, beaked
with the remains of the style, pubescent, 2-seeded.

278 CALYCIFLORJE.

XXIV. Phaseolus. Kidney Bean.

Calyx bell-shaped, two-lipped ; upper lip two-tooth-
ed ; under 3-partite. Corolla papilionaceous ; keel
spirally twisted with the diadelphous stamens and
style, or more rarely incurved. Stalk of the ovary
sheathed in the torus. Legume compressed or cylin-
drical, 2-valved, divided internally by cellulose
isthmi : seeds several ; hi! urn ovali-oblong. — De
Cand.

Herbaceous or suffruticose, commonly twining : leaves pin-
nato-3-foliate ; racemes axillary; pedicels usually geminate,
always 1-flowered. Name, from PHASELUS a little boat, to
which the pods bear some resemblance.

* Root perennial. Stem suffrutescent at the base.

1. Phaseolus amrenus. Fragrant-flowered Phas-
eolus*

Twining fruticose slightly pubescent, leaflets ovate
rounded or subcordate at the base subacuminate and
apiculated at the apex glabrous above pubescent along
the nerves beneath, raceme shorter than the leaf,
upper calycine lip emarginate lower S-fid, legume
straight linear compressed.

Sot. Misc. II. 113.

HAB. Port- Royal Mountains. St John's Hills. Neigh-
bourhood of Savannah la Mar.

FL. Autumn.

Stem twining to several feet in height, frutescent, angulose.
Leaflets minutely ciliated. Stipules small, oblongo-lanceolate :
stipels oval. Racemes axillary : peduncle sjiorter than the leaf,
2-4-flowered. Flowers shortly pedicelled, showy, purple, frag-
rant. Calyx striated, minutely ciliated. Standard deflected,
rounded, emarginate, purple ; wings broad ; keel spiraljy twist-
ed. Stamens diadelphous ; single filament geniculated : an-
thers lineari-oblong, yellow. Ovary puberulous : style bearded
below the stigma, which is obtuse. Legumes about 6 inches
long andjHines broad, linear, compressed, straight, with a long
beak : seeds reniform, shining.

The flowers of this species are very showy, and bear some
resemblance to those of the Snail-flower, P. CARACALLA. A
variety with the leaflets more oblong, and, as well as the flow-
ers, smaller, is to be met with in the neighbourhood of Savan-
nah la Mar.

LEGUMINOS;E. 279

2. Phaseolus dumosus. Year-Bean.
Twining hispid, leaflets ovate subacuminate villous

along each side of the nerves on the under surface,
racemes at first shorter, afterwards longer than the
leaf, upper lip of the calyx sub-1 -dentate, legume
subtorulose warty along the sutures.

HAB. Common in the higher mountains in thickets, and
ruinate provision grounds.

FL. Summer.

Root perennial, thick, branched, carnoso- fibrous. Stem
suffruticose towards the base, twining, anguloso-snlcated, hispid
with reverted hairs. Leaflets ovate, scarcely acuminate, with
the apex acute, rounded at the base (the lateral ones unequila-
teral), entire, 3-nerved at the base, veined, hispid, villous be-
neath along the course of the nerves, membranaceous : petiole
about 5 inches in length, anguloso-snlcated : petiolules short,
terete, pubescent. Stipules oblongo-lanceolate : stipels oblong.
Racemes axillary, solitary, many-flowered, elongating as the
fruit forms ; peduncle angulose, hispidulous : pedicels about 3
together, the fourth an inch in length, furnished at the in-
sertion with 3 lanceolate bracteas (the middle one the largest) :
a pair of lineari-lanceolate bracteoles below each flower, longer
than the calyx. Calyx with the upper lip sub-entire : the
lower 3-fid with the divisions attenuato-acuminate. Standard
roundish, emarginate, concave, bicallose near the claw, whitish
tinged with purple near the base externally, turned slightly
to the right (of the flower) : wings twice the length of the
standard, of a pure white : keel spirally twisted, turned up be-
tween the wings into the concavity of the standard. Stamens
9 and 1. Ovary linear, compressed, glabrous: style pubescent
beneath towards the stigma. Legume pendulous, about 6
inches in length, mucronate, slightly compressed, tumid at the
situations of the seeds, sub-glabrous, warty : seeds 6, subreni-
form, compressed, plump, of a chestnut colour.

This grows wild, and is very common in mountain thickets.
It readily attracts notice, by its beautiful snow-white blossoms.
It bears only once a year. The seeds have a great deal of the
flavour of the Windsor-bean, and are preferred by many to
any of the pulse-kind cultivated in the Island. It is difficult to
say positively whether it be a native or introduced. I have
never seen it cultivated.

3. Phaseolus Limensis. Lima Bean.

Twining pubescent, leaflets ovato-deltoid subacu-
minate bluntish apiculated, racemes shorter than the
leaf, wings of the corolla elongated, legume knife-

280 CALYCIFLOR.ffi.

shaped waited along the sutures pubescent 3-seeded,
seeds white tumid.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. December.

Root and lower part of the stem perennial : branches terete,
striated, pubescent. Leaflets thicker than in any of the other
species of this genus, slightly acuminate, blunt, entire, nerved
and veined, pubescent above, hispid beneath ; lateral leaflets
unequilateral. Stipules ovate, acute, marescent : stipels small.
Racemes axillary. Flowers white, on short round pubescent
pedicels, 2, 3, 4 together. Calyx bibracteolated at the base,
pubescent ; upper lip bifid, lobes obscure, repand, rounded ;
lower lip 3-dentate, teeth acute, and the middle one most pro-
minent. Standard roundish, emarginate, bilobed, with the lobes
concave ; wings oblongo-obovate ; keel twisted. Ovary sericeo-
pubescent. Legume ^ of an inch broad and 3 inches long,
compressed, pubescent when green, warted along the sutures :
seeds 3, oblong, plump, compressed, white.

I cannot reconcile the character of this plant with the de-
scription of any species hitherto noticed. This is the more
remarkable, as it has been long esteemed and in cultivation in
the West Indies. It may have been overlooked, owing to the
circumstance that it flowers and bears only once a year. Of
the species noticed by De Candolle, it approaches nearest to

P. TUMIDUS.

This is justly considered as among the most delicate of the
pulse tribe cultivated in Jamaica. When young, it has a taste
very much resembling that of the Windsor Bean. It is dressed
plain with butter, or in soup. It is not generally cultivated,
there being an uncertainty in its returns. It is usually trained
to cover arbours. A gentle pruning is recommended after
bearing.

4. Phaseolus gonospermus. Hibbert Pea.

Twining hispidulous, leaflets ovate acuminate,
racemes shorter than the leaves, legume short sub-
compressed torulose warty along the sutures 3-seeded,
seeds irregularly angulated.

Savi, Mem. III. 20. f. 19?

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. Throughout the year.

Stem suffruticose towards the base, angulose, hispidulous
with reverted hairs. Leaflets as if truncated at the base, sub-
cordate, deltoideo-ovate, acuminate with the apex bluntish,
hispidulous especially along the under surface of the nerves.
Stipules small, ovate, acuminate : stipels oblong. Racemes

LEGUMINOSJE. 281

axillary, shorter than the leaf, many-flowered. Flowers small,
at first pure white, afterwards yellowish, in clusters of 3-6,
pedicelled, furnished with small ovate acute bracteas at the base.
Calyx bibracteolated, puberulous ; upper lip subemarginate ;
lower lip 3-fid ; segments broad-ovate. Standard greenish,
roundish, subemarginate, concave ; wings oblong, pure white ;
keel spirally twisted to the right (of the flower), into the con-
cavity of the standard. Ovary oblong, compressed, appresso-
puberulous: style villous beneath towards the stigma. Legume
scarcely more than an inch in length, tumid from the seeds,
slightly compressed, warty along the sutures, sub-glabrous, 3-
seeded : seeds white, size of the common pea of Europe, irre-
gularly many-sided, from pressing against each other in the
pod.

The seeds of this species of PHASEOLUS have not only the
appearance but also a great deal of the sweet taste of the
common Pea (PisuM SATIVUM). It continues to bear through-
out the year, is very prolific, and deserves to be more generally
cultivated than it at present is. The name of Hibbert Pea is
commonly given, from its having been, accord to report, intro-
duced into this Island, from Madeira, by one of the Hibbert
Family.

5. Phaseolus foecundus. Prolific or Hibbert Bean.

Twining hispidulous, leaflets ovato-deltoid bluntish
apiculated, racemes shorter than the leaf, legumes
scimetar-shaped glabrous 2-3-seeded, seeds white
ovali-spherical.

HAB. Cultivated and growing wild.

FL. Throughout the year.

Root and lower part of the stem perennial : branches herb-
aceous, subterete, compressed, striated. Leaflets scarcely
acuminate, apiculated, thin, hispidulous. Racemes axillary, at
first very short, but afterwards elongated : peduncle striated,
puberulous : pedicels in clusters of 2—3, furnished at their inser-
tion with minute ovate acute bracteas. Calyx bibracteolated,
minutely puberulous ; upper lip subentire ; under 3-dentate,
with the teeth acute. Standard emarginate, concave, externally
puberulous, greenish : wings pure white, subspathulato-oblong ;
keel greenish, spirally twisted between and above the wings,
into the concavity of the standard. Ovary oblong, compressed,
minutely puberulous, 3-ovuled. Legume 2 inches in length,
compressed, narrow towards the base, broad and beaked with
the remains of the style at the apex : seeds usually 2, ovali-
turgid, white.

This bean is well deserving of cultivation, and is little
inferior to the Lima bean, to which indeed it bears a consider-

282 CALYCIFLORA:.

able resemblance. It bears throughout the year, and is very
prolific. When young and dressed for table it resembles in
taste the English Pea. I have met with it growing wild in
fences in Liguanea.

* * Herbaceous ; annual.
6. Phaseolus saccharatus. Sugar-Bean.

Twining hispid, leaflets ovato-lanceolate subcordate
inucronate, racemes shorter than the leaf, upper lip
of the calyx subemarginate, legume acinaciform,
seeds compressed.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. Throughout the year.

Stem angulose, hispid with reverted hairs. Leaflets hispi-
dulous along the nerves, especially on the under surface, nearly
6 inches long, and 1| broad: petiole elongated, angulose, mi-
nutely hispidulous above. Stipules small, deltoid, acute, fleshy
at the base : stipels somewhat oblong. Racemes axillary.
Flowers small, white, 3 together, (the centre one usually abor-
tive) pedicelled : pedicels half an inch in length. Bracteas
3 at the insertion of each cluster of pedicels, small, oblongo-
ovate. Calyx bibracteolate, minutely puberulous ; upper lip
subentire (or subemarginate) ; the under 3-fid. Standard
green, obliquely reflected, concave ; wings of a pure white,
oblong, concave ; keel spirally twisted. Stamens with one of
them free, and thickened at the base. Ovary subglabrous (under
the glass minutely puberulous) : style hairy on the under surface
towards the stigma. Legume acinaciform, mucronate, com-
pressed : seeds 2-3, compressed, white or of a blood-red
colour.

The Sugar-bean is very generally cultivated in the Lowlands,
where it bears abundantly in the warmest situations. It does
not, however, thrive in the mountains. Of the species enume-
rated by De Candolle, it agrees in some respects with the cha-
racter of P. XUARESH.

7. Phaseolus latisiliquus. Broad-Bean.

Stem twining minutely hispidulous, leaflets ovate
rounded and subcordate at the base subglabrous,
racemes shorter than the leaf, legume broad knife-
shaped, seeds 3 broad compressed white.

HAB. Cultivated.
FL. December, January.

Stem angulose. Leaflets apiculated, subglabrous, thin : pe-
tiole 4-5 inches long, anguloso-sulcated. Stipules small, ovato-

LEGUMINOS^E. 283

lanceolate, deciduous. Racemes axillary ; rachis angulose, pu-
berulous : pedicels in clusters of 3-4, short : flowers greenish-
white, numerous, but only 1-2 of each raceme perfecting1 the
legume. Bracteas at the base of the pedicels, minute, ovato-
lanceolate. Calyx bibracteolated, minutely puberulous. Stand-
ard greenish, roundish, emarginate, concave; wings obovato-
cuneate, of a pale-buff colour. Ovary puberulous : style pubes-
cent towards the stigma : stigma oblongo-capitate. Legume
scimetar-shaped, an inch and a half in breadth, compressed,
subulate at the apex, glabrous : seeds 3, large, flat, white.

A very good variety of pulse, not inferior to the Sugar-
Bean.

8. Phaseolus compressus. Dutch-runner.

Twining hispid, leaflets ovate acuminate, racemes
peduncled shorter than the leaf, pedicels in pairs,
legumes compressed subtorulose mucronate, seeds
compressed.

De Cand. Prod. II. 392.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. Throughout the year.

Stem herbaceous. Leaflets broad-ovate, acuminate, 3-nerved,
hispid. Stipules ovato-subfalcate on the side towards the pe-
tiole. Raceme axillary, short, peduncled, about 4-flowered :
pedicels in pairs, about half an inch in length, filiform, subglab-
rous, furnished at their insertion with a broad-ovate acuminate
concave veined ciliated bractea to each pair. Bracteoles, a pair
of them, broad-ovate acuminate concave below each flower.
Calyx glabrous ; upper lip subentire ; lower lip 3-fid with the
middle lobe the longest. Standard greenish, obliquely reflect-
ed, concave, subemarginate : wings elliptic, clawed. Stamens
monadelphous with the tube slit above. Ovary linear, com-
pressed, green, pubescent : style pubescent towards the stigma,
which is obtuse. Legume 5-6 inches long : seeds white.

Of this species there are two varieties ; a. humilis, or the poor
man's pea : /3. major, the common Dutch runner. They are
both much esteemed, and are very generally cultivated.

9. Phaseolus nana. Dwarf Kidney-bean.

Erect hispid, leaves ovate acuminate hirsute,
racemes sessile usually 6-flowered, pedicels in pairs
with the lowest pair axillary, legume pendulous sub-
torulose with a long beak, seeds oblong subcom-
pressed.

Phaseolus erectus major, siliqua tereti, semine rubro, Sloane,
I. 183. t. 115. f. 2.3.

284 CALYCIFLOILaS.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. Throughout the year.

Erect, a foot or more in height : branches angulose, hispid.
Leaflets deltoideo-ovate, acuminate, hirsute with some of the
hairs minutely uncinate : petiole subtetragonal, channelled
above. Stipules deltoideo-ovate, veined, thickened and re-
flected at the base : stipels lanceolate. Raceme subterminal,
an inch and a half in length, about 6-flowered, rachis anguloso-
striated, pubescent, thick at the base, but diminishing as the
pedicels are given off: pedicels geminate, with the lowest pair
in the axilla formed by the leaf and peduncle, bracteated.
Flowers of a pale rose or lilac. Calyx bibracteolated, exter-
nally puberulous with minute uncinate hairs : upper lip emar-
ginate or acute : under 3-fid, with the divisions acute, and the
middle one the longest. Standard reflected, emarginate ; wings
elliptic, nearly as large as the standard ; keel and stamens as in
the generic character. Ovary linear, compressed, appresso-pu-
bescent : style glabrous, but pubescent towards the stigma.
Legumes pendulous.

According to De Candolle, this is to be considered as merely
a variety of PHASEOLUS VULGARIS.

There are several varieties of this species cultivated in
Jamaica: 1. One- coloured ; with seeds black, yellow, red, &c.
The black-betty bean belongs to this variety. 2. The streaked ;
seeds marked with broad linear curved spots. 3. The variegated;
seeds marked with rubiginose, leaden, &c., more or less round-
ed spots. 4. The saponaceous; with the back of the seeds
white, but the sides and concavity marbled with spots, so as to
resemble a common soap-ball.

The dwarf Kidney-bean is a native of the East Indies, but is
now extensively cultivated in this Island. It is a favourite
dish among the French and Spanish Catholics, the formulary
of whose Church enjoins a number of meagre days, on which
the people are expected to subsist, in a great measure, on pulse,
with the addition of vegetable oil.

The young pods are served up as a vegetable, under the
name of French-beans. The Beans when full, but not dry, are
used in stews or soup. The leaves are boiled, and employed
among the Nubians as an esculent.

The best crops of this Bean are procured from seed sown
during Spring and Autumn. A scanty return is obtained
during the cool or very hot period of the year. It is very
fruitful, and comes into bearing in the course of 5 or 6 weeks.

10. Phaseolus lathyroides. Crimson-flowered Pha-
seolus.

Stem erect glabrous, leaflets oblong acuminate, ra-

LEGUMINOSJE. 285

cemes longer than the leaf subspiked, standard con-
cave half the length of the wings, legumes tereti-sub-
ulate. — De Cand.

P. erectus lathyroides, flore amplo coccineo, Sloane, I. 183.
t. 116. f. 1. — P. minor erectus pratensis, siliquis gracilibus,
Browne, 291 — P. lathyroides, Swartz, Obs. 28U.

HAB. Common in damp situations.

FL. Principally towards the end of the year.

A foot or more in height : branches simple, erect, terete,
glabrous. Leaflets glabrous above, pubescent beneath : petioles
angulated, coloured. Stipules acuminate. Peduncles long,
terete, pubescent, many-flowered. Flowers shortly pedicelled,
generally in pairs, blood-coloured. Upper lip of the calyx
bidentate : lower 3-dentate. Standard clawed, subrotund, emar-
ginate, concave, reflected, pale red : wings larger than the stan-
dard, deep crimson : keel whitish. Stamens diadelphous. Ovary
terete : style subulate : stigma incrassated, pubescent beneath.
Legume cylindrical, many-seeded : seeds subrotund, brownish.

The flowers are rather showy, and might claim for the plant
a place in the garden.

XXV. DOLICHOS.

Calyx bibracteolated, campanulate, 5-dentate, with
2 of the teeth approximate or partially coalescing at
the base. Standard subrotund, sulcated with 2—4
diverging callosities at the base ; wings oblong, ob-
tuse ; keel incurved nearly at a right angle, obtuse,
neither spirally twisted, nor turned to one side in the
slightest degree. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1) :
anthers subrotund. Style compressed, bearded be-
neath from the middle to the apex. Legume com-
pressed, linear, bivalved, partially furnished with cel-
lulose isthmi between the seeds ; valves neither winged
nor nerve-bearing : seeds ovate, more or less com-
pressed, with the hilum oval small. — De Cand.

Herbaceous or suffruticose, generally twining: cauline sti-
pules acute ; leaves pinnato-3-foliate ; leaflets stipellated ; ra-
cemes axillary. — The name was applied by Dioscorides to a
plant, supposed to be the 'common Kidney-bean.

1. Dolichos tuberosus. Yam-Bean.

Stem fruticose twining, root tuberose, leaflets sub-
rotund acuminate, racemes pedunculated elongated,

286 CALYCIFLORJS.

legumes straight pendulous compressed torulose rufo-
villous.

Lam. Eticycl. II. 293.— Plum. Sp. t. 220.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. Throughout the year.

Flowers white. Seeds red. The root is formed of a num-
ber of simple cord-like fibres, several feet in length, stretching
under the surface of the ground, bearing in their course a suc-
cession of tubers.

The beans are poisonous ; but the root affords a very plenti-
ful supply of very wholesome food. The produce of three
plants is usually sufficient to fill a bushel basket. The tubers
may either be boiled plain, in which state they are a very good
substitute for yams and other roots in common use ; or they may
be submitted to a process similar to arrow-root, and a starch
obtained. This starch is of a pure white, and is equal in every
respect to arrow-root. To the taste it is very palatable, is
easily digested, and is employed for custards and puddings.
Even the trash left after obtaining the starch, and which in the
preparation of arrow root is lost, may, when thoroughly dried,
be formed into a palatable and wholesome flour.

A very excellent flour may also be obtained by slicing the
tubers, drying them in the sun, and then reducing to a powder.

This plant is deserving of being more generally cultivated
than it has hitherto been. It ought in a great measure to su-
persede the arrow-root in cultivation. It can be planted at
any season of the year, and the roots are fit for digging in the
course of four or five months : the return is infinitely greater
than that from arrow-root, and the proportion of starch also is
more abundant, so that it can be brought to market at so cheap
a rate, as to admit of being employed by the calico-printers in
place of potato-starch.

The Yam-bean has of late years been partially cultivated in
this Island. It is said to have been introduced from Marti-
nique. It is probably a native of Java, as Perrotet (Ann. Marit.
1812, page 89,) informs us that the roots form, in that Island,
as well as in other districts of India, an article of food.

2. Dolichos filiformis. Filiform Dolichos.

Leaflets elliptico-ovate of a length twice that of the
breadth, legumes falcate.

Dolichos herbaceus minor, Browne, 294. — Dolichos filiformis,
Linn. Ann. V. 402 ?

HAB. Lower hills on fences. St Andrew's and Port-Royal.
Near Old-Harbour.

FL. October — November.

Herbaceous, filiform, twining, pubescent. Leaflets ovate, ob-

LEGUMINOS/E. 287

tuse, mucronate, subglabrous above appresso-pubescent beneath.
Stipules deltoideo-subulate, ciliated. Racemes axillary solitary,
at first shorter than, but afterwards of nearly the same length
as the leaf. Flowers purple, rose-coloured, 3 together, pedi-
celled, furnished with lanceolate- subulate ciliated bracteas at
the insertion. Calyx bibracteolated, minutely puberulous ex-
ternally : upper lip entire, broad lanceolate ; lower 3-partite,
with the divisions lanceolato-subulate. Standard roundish-
oval, purple, with a green nerve running down the back exter-
nally, and with a greenish yellow spot at the claw internally :
Avings shorter than the keel, which is in two pieces and adher-
ing towards the apex. Stamens monadelphous : anthers white.
Ovary terete, linear, sericeo-villous : style with the stigma
simple. Legume falcate, compressed, with the sides at first
densely, afterwards sparingly appresso-sericeous, many-seeded.

3. Dolichos luteus. Yellow Sea-side Bean.

Stem twining herbaceous glabrous, leaflets ovate
acuminate mucronate subglabrous, racemes longer
than the leaves, legumes subcylindrical appresso-pu-
bescent.

D. maritimus minor repens, pedunculis longioribus, siliquis
polyspermibus gracilibus teretibus, Browne, 293 ? — D. luteus,
Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 1246.— De Cand. Prod. II. 398.

HAB. Common along the sea shore.

FL. December — May.

Herbaceous, twining, terete, glabrous. Leaflets petiolulated,
ovate, acuminate with the apex mucronate, 3-nerved at the
base, subglabrous. Stipules lanceolate, auriculated externally
at the base. Peduncles axillary, longer than the leaf. Flowers
racemed, yellow. Pedicels short. Calyx bibracteolated ; up-
per lip entire, ovate, acute ; under lip 3-fid, with the lobes
ovato-lanceolate, acute. Standard subrotund, subemarginate,
sulcated and bicallose at the base ; wings oblong ; keel of two
pieces adhering towards the apex, incurved at nearly a right
angle. Stamens 9 and 1. Style bearded beneath to wards' the
stigma, which looks downwards, with a glandulose slightly re-
curved apicula above. Legume about 3 inches in length, sub-
cylindrical, slightly curved, appresso-pubescent, of a blackish
colour: seeds about 10, slightly compressed.

The upper lip of the calyx, according to Swartz, is emargi-
nate, and the legume is described as glabrous. I have not
found this to be the case in any of the specimens 1 have hitherto
met with.

4. Dolichos unguiculatus. Hook-podded Dolichos.
Stem twining, leaflets those of the stem broad ovate,

288 CALYCIFLORJE.

those of the branches sub-3-lobate hispid, peduncle
twice the length of the petiole bearing in a head 3-5
subsessile flowers, of which only two are perfected,
legumes subcylindraceous with an unguiculated beak,
about 14-seeded.

Jacq. HorL Vind. I. t. 23.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. Towards the end of the year.

Stem perennial. Leaflets of the branches sub-3-lobate, with
the central lobule apiculate ; the lateral ones rounded and obso-
lete ; 3-nerved, hispid : petiole 6—7 inches, terete, striated, sulcated,
glabrous : petiolules short, incrassated, deep-green, pubescent,
especially on the upper surface. Stipels small, ovoid. Pedun-
cle axillary, solitary, terete, anguloso-sulcated, hispidulous,
bearing in a head 4-6 crowded subsessile flowers, of which
only two in general perfect the fruit. Calyx glabrous, nerved ;
divisions subulate. Standard large, roundish, emarginate, bi-
callose near the claw, reflected, greenish-yellow externally, pur-
purascent and veined internally ; wings purpurascent ; keel
free below, concrete above. Stamens 9 and 1. Ovary linear,
green, glabrous, straight : style with the under surface barbato-
villous : stigma subcapitate, greenish, with a conical glandule
on the upper surface. Legumes about 6 inches long, straight,
subcylindrical, slightly compressed : seeds 14, of a light reddish
buff colour ; hilum white, surrounded by an olive coloured bor-
der.

Usually two, but never more, of the flowers perfect the fruit.
This bean, from the pods standing out together like a pair of
horns, commonly receives the name of " Cuckold's Increase"
The stern at its base is woody ; the branches herbaceous. It
continues to flower and bear fruit for upwards of a year, climbs
to a great distance, and is very prolific. The bean when young
is tender, and resembles in taste the common pea.

5. Dolichos sesquipedalis. Asparagus Bean.

Stem twining glabrous, leaflets broad-ovate, legumes
subcylindrical mucronato-uncinate at the apex smooth
very long torulose at the seeds. — De Cand.

Jacq. Hort. Vind. I. t. 67.

HAB. Cultivated,

FL. Throughout the year.

The pods of this species are a foot and a half or more in
length, and are used in the unripe state, dressed in the same
manner as French Beans.

LF.GUMINOS/E. 289

6. Dolichos sphaerospermus. Black-eyed Pea.

Stem erect, branches glabrous, leaflets ovate sub-
acute, peduncles elongated bearing a few flowers at
the apex, legumes straight, seeds spherical with the
hilum black.

Phaseolus erectus minor, semine spliaerico albido, Lilo nigro,
Sloane, I. 184. t. 117. — P. erectus, siliquis gracilibus teretibus
polyspermis, seminibus subrotundis hilo nigro, Browne, 392. —

P. sphaerospermus, Linn. Sp. PI. 1018 Dolichos sphserosper-

mus, De Cand. Prod. II. 400.

HAB Cultivated in the plains.

FTj. Throughout the year.

Herbaceous, a foot or more in height, somewhat twining ;
branches subterete, anguloso-sulcated, glabrous. Leaflets ovate
or oval, obtuse, apiculated, nerved, reticulato-venose, subgla-
brous (minutely ciliated and strigose on the under surface of
the nerves) : petiole elongated, sub-3-gonal, striated. Stipules
oblongo-ovate, auriculato-extended at the base, membranaceous.
Peduncles axillary, longer than the leaf, anguloso-sulcated,
bearing in a head about 6 sessile flowers in 'pairs, with a
rounded tubercle between each, at its extremity. Calyx tubu-
lose, to the glass rough, spotted with purple ; upper lip bifid,
with the divisions subulate ; under lip 3-fid with the divisions
spreading, lanceolato-ovate. Standard roundish, slightly emar-
ginate, sulcated towards the base, and furnished with two pairs
of diverging callosities, externally greenish, internally pale
yellow; wings tinged with lilac, irregularly obovato-oblong ;
keel bifid at the base, coherent above, and also below the apex.
Stamens diadelphous : anthers yellow. Ovary linear : style
bearded beneath for half its length : stigma hispidulous, bearing
a conical glandule on its back. Legume 6-8 inches long,
cylindrical, when ripe of a clay-colour, many-seeded : seeds
size of a very small pea, nearly spherical, white, with a black
hilum.

This is a very prolific and excellent variety of the pulse
kind. When used green it is scarcely inferior, and when dry,
is in the opinion of many, superior to the pea of Europe.

XXVI. LABLAB.

Calyx campanulato-tubulose, 4-fid ; upper lip broad,
lower of 3 acute lobes. Standard sulcato-channelled,
with 4 parallel callosities : keel curved at a right
angle. Stamens diadelphous. Style bearded be-
neath : stigma terminal. Legume piano-compressed,
tuberculoso-muricated along the sutures, with cellu-
lose interstices separating the seeds : seeds 4, or

290 CALYCIFLOR^.

fewer by abortion, ovate, compressed, with a fungous
callosity arising from the umbilicus.

Herbaceous or suffrutescent twining plants ; leaflets pinnato-
3-foliate ; pedicels semiverticillate.

1. Lablab vulgaris. Bonavist Bean.
Legumes oblongo-ventricose acinaciform, pericarp
easily withdrawn, seeds ovate slightly compressed,
basilary glandule hemispherical sulcated. — De Cand.

Phaseolus maximus perennis, floribus spicatis, albis, speciosis,
siliquis brevibus latis, semen album hilo albido fere circum-
dante, Sloane, I. 177. t. 113. — Dolichos Lablab, Linn. Sp.
1019.— Lablab vulgaris, Savi, Diss. 19. f. 8.

HAB. Ruinate provision grounds.
' FL. Throughout the year.

There are two varieties in the island : a. albiflorus, with the
flowers white, bracteoles shorter than the calyx, seeds of a pale
ferruginous colour : /3. pwpureus, with the flowers purple,
bracteoles of the same length as the tube of the calyx, seeds of
a dark purple, stem purpurascent. The former is the most
common. The stem is suffrutescent at the base, and appears
to be perennial. It is continually in bearing, and lasts for
several years. The pods are apt to have a disagreeable heavy
smell, from being visited by a large green bug. The bean is
very coarse, scarcely ever cultivated, and seldom made use of,
except in times of scarcity. It is originally a native of Egypt,
where it forms an important article of food to the poorer class
of the inhabitants. The pods, according to M. Achren (Journ.
de Chemie Medic. III. 102.), contain gallic acid.

XXVII. CANAVALIA.

Calyx tubulose bilabiate ; under lip 3-dentate ;
upper of two rounded lobes. Vexillum large, bi-
callose, the callosities parallel : wings stipitate, oblong,
auriculated : keel dipetalous. Stamens monadelphous,
or with the 10th subadherent. Legume compressed,
3-keeled along the back, furnished with a cellulose
membrane among the seeds : seeds ovali-oblong ;
hilum linear.

Herbaceous or suffruticose ; branches twining; leaves pin-
nato-3-foliate ; racemes axillary, or opposite to a leaf, many-
flowered ; pedicels 3-nate. Flowers large, purpurascent. I
have been obliged to modify the generic character as regards
the calyx, in order to admit into the genus CANAVALIA ALTIS-
SIMA. Canavali is the Indian name of C. ENSIFORMIS.

LEGUMINOSJE. 291

1 . Canavalia gladiata. Sword Bean.
Leaflets ovate acute, legumes the length 5 times
the breadth slightly curved towards the apex, ra-
cemes longer than the leaves, standard roundish emar-
ginate.

Jacg. Ic. Ear. t. 560 ?

HAB. Native of the East Indies. Cultivated in gardens to
cover arbours.

FL. September.

Stem suffruticose, lasting for several years: branches gla-
brous, towards their extremities herbaceous, angulose. Leaf-
lets about 4 inches long, and 21 broad, subacuminate with the
apex acute, glabrous. Racemes longer than the leaves, pendu-
lous. Flowers erect, upon short pedicels, of a pink colour
approaching to purple. Vexillum roundish, emarginate.
Legume a foot long, and 2 inches broad, slightly curved to-
wards the apex, terminating in a recurved subulate- point.
Seeds of a rufous colour, size of a pigeon's egg, rattling when
ripe in the pod.

According to the specific character of De Candolle, the vex-
illum is oblong. This, however, is not the case in the speci-
mens with which I have met.

2. Canavalia ensifbrmis. Overlook or Horse Bean.
Leaflets ovato-oblong acute, legumes 5 times or
more in length than in breadth.

Phaseolus maximus siliqua ensiformi, Sloane, I. t. 114. f. 1,
2, 3. — Phaseolus suberectus major, Broivne, Jam. 291. — Doli-
chos ensiformis, Linn. Spec. 1022.

HAB. Planted along the margin of provision grounds.

FL. Warmer months.

Annual. Stem seldom more than 3 or 4 feet in height, at first
suberect, afterwards twining, angulose, coloured, pubescent with
the hairs appressed. Leaflets shortly petioluled, oblong, slightly
acuminate, sharp at the base, pubescent. Stipules small, sub-
ulate, with a small gland-like excrescence at the base. Racemes
axillary, solitary, 3-4 inches long; peduncle terete, puberulous.
Flowers rather large, purple, shortly pedicelled, 3-4 together
on a snbglobose fleshy excrescence. Calyx with the upper lip
broad, emarginato-bilobed ; the lower 3-fid, with the segments
short, lanceolate, acute. Standard erect, roundish, emarginate ;
wings spathulato-falciform, partially accrete to the keel. Sta-
mens sub-monadelphous (i. e. the tenth filament distinct at the
base), coalescing above. Ovary linear, compressed, sericeo-
pubescent : stigma capitate. Legume 10-13-seeded, about a
foot long, scimitar- shaped, 3-keeled along the suture to which

292 CALYCIFLORvE.

the seeds are attached : seeds oblong, plump, white with the
hilura brown.

Sloane considers this species to be indigenous to the Island,
and says that the seeds were, in his time, used by some as
food, and given to fatten hogs. I do not find, however, on
inquiry, that any use is at present made of them, except that
they are commonly planted, by the Negroes, along the margin
of their provision grounds, from a superstitious notion, pro-
bably of African origin, very generally entertained, that the
Overlook fulfils the part of a watchman, and, from some
dreaded power ascribed to it, protects the provisions from
plunder. Even the better informed adopt the practice, although
they themselves may not place confidence in any particular
influence which this humble plant can exercise, either in pre-
venting theft, or in punishing it when committed.

3. Canavalia rosea. Purple-flowered Sea-side Bean.

Stem creeping ascending, leaflets elliptico-subro-
tund glabrous, legumes lineari-oblong shortly acumi-
nate.

Dolichos roseus, Swarlz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 1243.

HAB. Common on the sands by the sea-shore.

FL. Throughout the year.

Root perennial. Stem suffrutescent at the base ; branches
herbaceous and annual, at first creeping, afterwards ascending
by the support of neighbouring shrubs, terete, angulato-striated,
minutely puberulous with reverted appressed hairs at their ex-
tremities. Leaflets apiculated, subglabrous, scarcely shining,
thin, nerved : petiole terete, channelled above. Stipules small,
fleshy, subauriculated at the base ; stiff and erect above. Pe-
duncles axillary or opposite to a leaf, solitary, longer than the
leaf, subflexuose, bearing several rose-coloured shortly pedi-
celled flowers inserted in pairs on roundish gland-like nobs.
Calyx tubulose, subinflated, lineated, puberulous ; upper lip bifid
with segments rounded : under lip 3-dentate with small approxi-
mating teeth. Standard obcordate, purple, with 2 yellow cal-
losities at the base ; wings falcate ; keel bifid at the apex and
at the base. Stamens 10. Ovary linear, appresso-pubescent :
style subulate, curved: stigma obtuse. Legume 4 inches or
more in length, and nearly one broad, linear, compressed, gla-
brous, 3-keeled on the back, with a straight sharp beak : seeds
within a white cellulose membrane, of a blackish colour, oval,
compressed.

4. Canavalia altissima. Lofty-climbing Canavalia.
Leaflets elliptico-oblong emarginate or obtuse with

LEGUMINOSJE. 293

an awn glabrous, racemes opposite to a leaf, legumes
pubescent 7-8 times longer than broad.

Dolichos altissimus, Jacq. Amer. 203» t. 182. f. 85. — Mucuna
altissiraa, De Cand. Prod. II. 405.

HAB. Common in woods. Port-Royal and St John's Hills.

FL. August, September.

Climbing to a great heighten trees, and suspending from thence
its long pendulous branches, adorned with racemes of beautiful
flowers. Leaflets irregular in their shape, elliptic or oblong,
somewhat obovate, emarginate, obtuse with an awn, glabrous.
Racemes opposite to a leaf, 6-12 inches long, simple. Pedun-
cle subterete, slightly angulose : flowers purple, showy, very
shortly pedicelled, 3 together, inserted on a subglobose fleshy
excrescence. Calyx 2-lipped, subglabrous ; under lip 3-fid,
with the middle lobe tooth-like and the lateral ones obtuse,
approximating; upper lip sub-bilobed from the apex being
reflected ; lobes rounded. Standard reflected, purple, rounded,
emarginate ; wings short, revolute, adhering at their middle to,
and of the same colour as the keel, which is dipetalous but
united at the apex. Stamens submonadelphous : anthers oval.
Ovary oblong, appresso-pubescent : style longer than the fila-
ments : stigma obtuse. Legume 7—8 inches long, and 1 broad,
compressed, slightly curved, uncinate at the apex, pubescent
with appressed hairs ; a grooved keel along the back, and a
parallel sharp keel on each side at the distance of rather less
than half an inch from the back: seeds 11 in number, oval,
compressed, of a dirty white ; hiluin linear.

Jacquin describes this species as common in the woods of
Martinique.

XXVIII. MUCUNA. Cowitch.

Calyx campanulate, bilabiate : inferior lip 3-fid,
with the divisions acute, and the middle one more pro^
duced ; upper lip broad, entire, obtuse. Standard
assurgent, shorter than the wings or keel ; wings
oblong, length of the keel j keel oblong, straight,
acute. Stamens diadelphous ; 5 of the anthers ob-
longo-linear ; 5 ovate, hirsute. Legume oblong, to-
rose, bivalve, with cellulose partitions : seeds roundish,
cinctured circularly with a linear hilum. — De Cand.

Herbs or shrubs, ascending to a considerable height : leaves
pinnato-trifoliate ; racemes axillary, generally pendulous ; le-
gumes usually hispid with innumerable very fragile hairs readily
penetrating the skin and stinging.— Mucuna is the Indian name
of the following species.

294 CALYCIFLORJE.

1. Mucuna urens. Yellow-flowered Cowitch.

Flowers racemose, legumes with transverse lamel-
lar furrows stinging^ leaflets nitido-sericeous beneath.

Phaseolus Brasilianus frutescens, lobis villosis pungentibus
maximis, Sloane, I. 178. — Zoophthalmum siliquis majoribus
hirtis transverse sulcatis, Browne, 295. — Dolichos urens, Jacq.

Amer. 202. t. 182. f. 84 Stizolobium urens, Pers. Ench. II.

299 Mucuna urens, De Cand. II. 405.

HAB. Not so common as the second species. Near Shroe-
ter's Fording, St Andrew's mountains. Bath, St Thomas in
the East.

FL. May.

Ascending to a great height. Racemes of 12-18 flowers,
umbellated, pendulous : peduncle about 3 inches in length, seri-
ceo-pubescent : pedicels rather more than half an inch in length,
slightly compressed, situated at the extremity of the peduncle,
all of them of nearly the same length, giving an umbellated
appearance to the raceme. Bracteas roundish, concave. Flow-
ers large, yellow. Calyx nerved, ventricose, stinging-pubes-
cent externally. Ovary hairy ; hairs shining, of an orange
tinge : stigma obtuse, surrounded with white hairs. Legume
about 3—6 inches long transversely ribbed by prominent lamel-
lar furrows, covered partially with stinging brownish hairs :
the seeds which are large, orbicular, compressed, and encircled
by the hilum, receive the name of yeux bourrique, asses' eyes,
from the French colonists, and of horse-eye bean from the Eng-
lish. They have many virtues ascribed to them by the super-
stitious.

2. Mucuna pruriens. Purple-flowered Cowitch.

Flowers racemose, legumes stinging, valves slightly
keeled, the leaflets acuminate hirsute beneath, mid-
dle one rhomboideal lateral ones externally dilated. —
De Cand.

Phaseolus utriusque Indiae lobis villosis pungentibus minor,
Sloane, I. 37. — Stizolobium spicis multis pendulis alaribus,
floribus ternis, Browne, 290. — Dolichos pruriens, Linn. Spec.
1020. — Jacq. Amer. 201. pi. 122.

HAB. Common in waste land, and in neglected cane pieces.
Along river courses and upon fences.

FL. November, December.

Stem herbaceous, terete, twining. Leaflets ovate, obtuse,
apiculated, villous, with pungent hairs ; the two lateral leaflets
unequally divided by the midrib, i. e. the lower portion is the
largest: petiole 6 inches, terete, striated, pubescent. Stipules

LEGUMINOSJE. 295

subulate. Racemes axillary, pendulous : flowers pedicelled, in
threes, showy, purple, of a disagreeable alliaceous smell. Calyx
pilose. Wings and keel twice the length of the standard.
Ovary hairy: style with hairs tufted. Legume about the
size of the fore-finger, figure of an Italic f, densely covered
with stinging hairs of a brownish colour : seeds oblong, varie-
gated, with the hilum white.

The root of this plant is stated by Browne, to be a powerful
diuretic and cleanser, and the vinous tincture of the pods to be
a certain remedy for dropsy. Grainger says, that a fowl stuffed
with Cowitch, and made into broth, has sometimes carried off a
dropsy by stool or urine. The plant, however, is principally
known in medicine from the sharp seta? which cover the pods,
having been found a valuable remedy in destroying in-
testinal worms. Their action appears to be, like that of tin
filings, merely mechanical, since their efficacy is destroyed by
the process of boiling. When the remedy is to be given, the
pods are dipt into thick syrup, molasses, or honey, and, after
scraping off the hairs or setae, are withdrawn. Of this mix-
ture, a dessert spoonful is given for several mornings, followed
by a brisk purgative, which seldom fails to bring away the
worms dead. It may be given with perfect safety, as it is
never known to produce any disagreeable effects in swallowing,
or any unusual sensation in the bowels. Of late years, it has
been neglected, having been in a great measure superseded by
turpentine, which is equally efficacious, and more conveniently
administered. When the setae have accidentally come in con-
tact with the hands or with the skin of any part of the body,
the stinging sensation may be relieved by rubbing so as to
bruise the hairs, and by afterwards smearing the part with oil ;
or, it is said, that the setae will attach themselves to the rim of
a hat passed over the part, and thus be withdrawn.

XXIX. CAJANUS. Pigeon Pea.

Calyx campanulate, 5-fid ; divisions subulate, re-
curved at the apex ; the two upper ones united for
some way. Standard large, bicallose at the base;
keel obtuse, straight. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1).
Legume oblong, compressed, torulose with oblique
strangulations, bivalved. Seeds many, subspherical,
separated by membranaceous isthmi. — De Cand.

Shrubs, subvelutine ; leaves pinnato-trifoliate, with the leaf-
lets stipellated ; racemes axillary ; pedicels in pairs, from a sin-
gle bractea ; flowers yellow. — Name, from Cajan or Cadjan,
the African designation of the Pea.

296 CALYC1FLOIIJE.

1. Cajanus bicolor. Pigeon or Congo Pea.

Standard externally discoloured, legumes 4-5-
seeded spotted, stipels nearly equal in length with
the petiolules of the lateral leaflets.

Laburnum humilius, siliqua inter grana et grana juncta, se-
mine esculento, Sloane, II. 31. — Cytisus fruticosus, Browne, 296.
— C. Cajan, Lam. Diet. II. 249 — C. pseudo-cajan, Jacq. Hort.
Vind. II. t. 119.— Cajanus bicolor, De Cand. Hort. Monsp. 85.

HAB. Native of the East Indies. Cultivated.

FL. Spring.

A shrub, 5-6 feet in height : branches "erect, fastigiate, an-
gulose ; the angles prominent, downy. Leaflets puberulous
above, hoary and velvety, with numerous minute yellow glan-
dules, in the interstices of the reticulated nerves, beneath. Sti-
pels lanceolate, acute. Racemes shorter than the leaves, axil-
lary, erect, of about 8 flowers : peduncle angulose : pedicels
terete, filiform, puberulous, elongating on the maturation of the
legume. Calyx 5-nerved, discoloured with brownish purple.
Wings yellow with an orange-coloured stain. Ovary and the
inferior portion of the style villous. Legumes usually 5-seeded,
dark purple along the edges and strangulations, pubescent with
yellow hairs seated on minute viscid glandules. Seeds spheri-
cal, compressed, dotted with purple especially around the
hilurn.

2. Cajanus flavus. No-Eye Pea.

Standard externally of an uniform colour, legumes
2-3-seeded, and, as also the calices, not spotted, sti-
pels of the lateral leaflets half the length of the pe-
tiolules.

Cytisus cajan, Linn. Spec. 1041. — Jacq. Obs. I. t. I. — Plum,
ed. Burm. t. 1 14. f. 2.

HAB. Native of the East Indies, and now cultivated in all
the warm districts of America.

FL. Beginning of Summer.

The general description of the preceding species applies, in
nearly every respect, to this which we are at present consider-
ing. The exceptions are, that in this the corolla is of an
uniform yellow colour, the calyx, seeds, and legume are free
of any spots, and the last has very little of that viscidity, which
we noticed as belonging to the C. BICOLOR. The general ap-
pearance of both is very much alike, and they can scarcely, pre-
vious to flowering, be distinguished from one another, except
that the leaves of the C. FLAVUS are rather smaller and finer
to the touch.

LEGUMINOSJE. 297

Of these two species the No-Eye Pea is the most delicate,
being1, in the green state, very little inferior to the English
pea, and, when dried and the cuticle removed, equal to the split
peas we receive from Europe. The other species is coarser,
and made use of principally by the Negroes, and require, in
the dried state, a tedious boiling process before they can be
softened.

From the two species being frequently, through carelessness,
planted close to one another, we may occasionally meet with
hybrid varieties. When once established they stand for several
years. The leaves are annually shed, and are reproduced with
the flowers in the early months of Summer. The crop is ga-
thered during the months of Autumn. No particular care or
trouble is required in the cultivation of these shrubs, and they
thrive in the poorest land. They are said indeed to improve
the soil on which they grow, by the decay of the leaves, which
are annually shed in great profusion. There are few tropical
plants indeed so valuable. They are to be found around every
cottage in the Island, growing luxuriantly in the parched Sa-
vannah, and mountain declivity, as well as in the more fertile
and seasonable districts.

XXX. ERYTHRINA.

Calyx tubulose, with the mouth truncated, sub-
dentate, or spathaceous. Standard very long, oblong ;
wings and keel dipetalous, much shorter than the
standard. Stamens diadelphous, straight, with the
10th, either slightly united to the rest, or free and
much shorter, or rarely deficient. Legume long,
torulose, 2-valved, many-seeded : seeds ovate, with
the hilum lateral.

Low trees or shrubs, rarely herbaceous; leaves 1 -paired with
an odd one ; racemes elongated ; flowers scarlet, pedicelled,
ternately approximated. — Name, from sgutigos red, on account of
the scarlet colour of the flowers.

1. Erythrina corallodendrum. Coral-bean tree.

Stem arboreous aculeate, branches and petioles un-
armed, leaflets broad-rhomboideo-ovate glabrous, calyx
truncated sub-1 -dentate, standard lineari-oblong.

Coral arbor, Sloane, II. 178. f. 1. — Arborea spinosa et non
spinosa, foliis rhomboeis pinnato-ternatis, Browne, 288.
HAB. Common.
FL. April— July.
A tree of irregular growth : the stem and a few of the

298 CALYCIFLORJE.

older branches aculeate; the younger branches unarmed, terete,
glabrous. Leaflets petiolulated, the terminal one rhomboideo-
ovate, the lateral ones broad ovate, unequilateral and as if trun-
cated at the base, bluntish, glabrous (when young puberulous
beneath), sub-3-nerved at the base (the other nerves being less
distinct, and wavy), delicately veined : petiole elongated, sub-
terete, unarmed, glabrous : petiolules greenish, when young
puberulous. Stipules lanceolate, bluntish, deciduous : stipels
small oblong, glanduloso-porose at the apex. Racemes axillary,
length of the leaf, solitary, bearing a number of showy bright
scarlet pedicelled flowers, 2-3 together. Calyx ^ of an inch in
length, subcampanulate, truncated, subentire with exception of
a thickened bluntish tooth beneath. Standard 2 inches in
length, rather longer than the stamens, lineari-oblong, obtuse,
straight, of a bright scarlet colour : wings nearly twice the size
of the keel, of a pale blush colour, veined, somewhat obovate in
shape: keel in two pieces, dimidiato-orbiculate. Stamens 9
and 1 (the 10th, accrete to the others for | of an inch), unequal
in length, of a crimson colour : anthers lineari-lanceolate.
Ovary pedicelled, linear, compressed, subglabrous : style elon-
gated, subulate, slightly curved, tinged with crimson : stigma
simple. Legume 6-7 inches long, cylindrical, torulose, with a
long filiform beak at the apex, 4—6 seeded : seeds oval,
scarcely compressed, of a bright scarlet with a black spot below
the hi 1 uni.

This species may be distinguished from the following, by
the flower being of a deep crimson, and by the standard being
narrow and not reflected.

2. Erythrina velutina. T^elvety Erythrina.

Stem arboreous prickly, leaflets rounded at both
ends stellate-pubescent above hoary and stellato-velu-
tino-tomentose beneath, the terminal leaflet trans-
versely elliptic, calyx spathe-shaped 5-denticulated
tomentose, standard elliptic reflected.

Willd. Sp. PI. III. 904.— H. B. 4 Kunth, nov. gen. Am. VI.
435.— Bot. Mag. 3227.

HAB. In the plains.

FL. April.

A tree, 20-30 feet in height: branches spreading, armed
with scattered short black conical prickles, velutino-tomentose
towards their extremities. Leaves situated at the ends of
the branches : leaflets petiolulated, broad-ovate, (the terminal
one being broader than it is long) rounded and sometimes
emarginate at the apex, nerved with the lowest pair of nerves
arising from the base of the mid-rib, rendering the leaf sub-3-
nerved, veined, green and stellato-puberulous above, rufescenti-

LEGUMINOS^:. 299

canescent and furfuraceo-tomentose with stellated hairs heneath :
petiole terete. Stipules lanceolate-subulate, externally velu-
tine, deciduous : stipels oblong, green, glandular. Racemes
axillary, longer than the leaf, 8—10 inches in length : common
peduncle terete, velutino-tomentose : flowers in threes, on velu-
tino-tomentose inch-long pedicels, showy, vermilion scarlet.
Calyx spathaceous, cleft on one side, 5-denticulated with the
teeth blunt, externally velutino-tomentose. Standard large,
broad elliptic, emarginate, reflected: wings and keel, each of
two pieces, subequal, not longer than the calyx, veined, tinged
with purple. Stamens 10, diadelphous, with the tenth stamen
adhering to the rest for a short distance, but readily separable,
alternately short and long, longer than the standard ; filaments
scarlet : anthers purple. Ovary stipitate, (?) cylindrical, niveo-
tomentose : style glabrous, subterete, angulose, scarlet : stigma
subcapitate, greenish. Legume 2-4-seeded, torulose, velutine :
seeds oval, usually with a depression at one end, scarlet with a
small roundish black spot at one end of the hiluni.

This species is very common in the neighbourhood of King-
ston. It thrives in the mountains, but does not perfect, in such
situations, the seed. The leaves are deciduous about Christmas,
and the branches remain bare for several weeks, the new foli-
age being preceded by the flowers. I have no doubt but that
it has been introduced. According to Kunth, it is a native of
the Caraccas. It is employed in making fences ; but it does not
appear to be well adapted for the purpose. The above descrip-
tion was drawn out, previous to seeing that by the Rev. Mr
Lowe in the Botanic Magazine, and with which it will be found
to agree.

Tribe VI. Dalbergiece.

Legume \-2-seededy indehiscent. Leaves not
cirrhose.

XXXI. ECASTAPHYLLUM.

Sepals 5, concrete into a campanulate sub-bilabiate
calyx ; upper lip emarginate ; lower 3-fid. Corolla
papilionaceous. Stamens 8-10, equally diadelphous,
or 9 of which 8 are equally diadelphous and the
ninth free. Legume suborbiculate, membranaceous,
valveless, bi-ovulate, 1 -seeded : seeds reniform ; ra-
dicle uncinato-inflected. — De Cand.

Subscandent shrubs : panicles axillary, subcorymbose ; leaves
impari-pinnate, or simulating a simple leaf from the terminal
leaflet alone being present. Name, from ixaarog every one,

300 CALYCIFLOR;E.

and <pvh\ov a leaf, in allusion to the leaves of the species, on
which Browne founded the genus, being simple.

1. Ecastaphyllum Brownei. Sea-side May-flower.

Leaves 1 -foliate, leaflet solitary terminal ovate
subrotund and subcordate at the base acuminate at
the apex pubescent beneath.

Ptcrocarpusecastaphyllum, Swartz, Obs. 275 — Ecastaphyllum
frutescens, Browne, 299. t. 32. f. 1. — E. Brownei, De Cand.
Prod. II. 420.

HAB. Common in thickets near the sea-shore.

FL. April — June.

A shrubby tree, about 10 feet in height: branchlets spread-
ing, flexuose, striated, sometimes pubescent, usually 'glabrous.
Leaves of one leaflet, alternate, ovate, rounded and subcordate
at the base, acuminate, subglabrous above, appresso-pubescent
and glaucescent beneath : petiole ^ of an inch in length, arti-
culated above the middle, terete, ferrugineo-tomentulose or pu-
bescent. Panicle axillary, scarcely longer than the petiole,
divided into 3—4 simple branches : flowers numerous, white,
shortly pedicelled, subsecund. Calyx tubulated, externally
puberulotis, sub-bilabiate ; upper lip emarginato-bifid ; lower
3-fid, with the divisions acute. Standard clawed, obovate,
rounded at the apex : wings falcate : keel concave, cleft at the
base, emarginate at the apex. Stamens 10, equally diadel-
phous : anthers minute. Ovary pedicelled, terete, elongated :
style incurved : stigma sub-capitate. Legume suborbiculate,
compresso-foliaceous, dehiscent, 1 -seeded : seeds compressed.

XXXII. Amerimnum.

Sepals 5, concrete into a sub-bilabiate 5-dentate
calyx. Petals 5, papilionaceous. Stamens 10, mona-
delphous, with the sheath cleft above. Legume
compressed, 2-valved, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded ; upper
suture straight, partially winged j inferior strongly
connected. — De Cand.

Name, derived from a privative, and fj,igi/j,va care, because the
species are hardy and require, in their native regions, no culti-
vation.

1. Amerimnum Brownei. Meadow May-flower.
Leaves ovate subcordate acute glabrous.
Ainerimnon fruticosum, Browne, 288. t. 31. f. 3 Amerim-

LEGUMINOS/E. 301

num Brownei, Jacq. Amer. 199. t. 180. f. 58. — Swartz, Fl.
Ind. Occ. 1234.

HAB. Thickets, St Thomas in the East.

FL. May.

A shrubby tree, about 10 feet in height: branches long,
smooth. Leaves alternate, petiolate, ovate, subcordate or em-
arginate at the base, shining, 2-3 inches long. Racemes axil-
lary and lateral. Flowers numerous, pedicelled, white, fragrant.
Upper lip of the calyx bifid, with the lobes indistinct ; lower 3-
teethed, with the middle tooth longer than the rest and subu-
late. Standard obcordate, at first patent, afterwards erect ;
wings oblong, denticulated at the base ; keel \ the length of
the wings. Ovary pedicelled : style subulate: stigma obtuse.
Legume oblong, subacuminate at both ends, glabrous, 1-celled,
2-valved, 1— 3-seeded : seeds oblong, compressed.

The white fragrant flowers of this lowly tree, come out in
great profusion after the rains in spring, and have been compared
to those of the Hawthorn, which blossom about the same period
of the year.

XXXIII. Brya.

The flowers of Amerimnum, but the stamens are
monadelphous, with the 10th concrete to the rest as
far as the middle. Legume biarticulate, with the
joints 1 -seeded, dehiscent, compressed, with the up-
per suture straight, and the inferior convex j the up-
per joint sometimes awanting. — De Cand.

American trees, spiny with leaves simple, congested, sub-
sessile. — Name, given by Browne, from (3g\ju to bloom, on account
of the profusion of flowers which cover the branches.

1. Brya Ebenus. West-India Ebony.

Spines distinct, leaves aggregate obovato-oblong,
peduncles 2-3 axillary 1-2-flowered shorter than the
leaf.— De Cand.

Aspalathus arboreus s. pseudo-ebenus buxi folio, flore luteo
patulo, siliqua lata brevi chartacea, Sloane, II. 30. t. 175. f. 1.
— Brya arborescens, Browne, 299. t. 31. f. 2. — Amerimnnm
ebenus, Swartz, Prod. 104 — Brya ebenus, De Cand. Prod.
421.

HAB. Common, especially in dry savannahs, on the South
side of the Island.

FL. During the warmer months, after rains.

A shrub, or tree 15-20 feet in height, with erect fastigiate

302 CALYCIFLOR^5.

branches ; branchlets angulose, armed with short sharp prickles,
with clusters of leaves in their axils. Leaves small, very
shortly petiolate, 3-4-5 crowded together, obovato-oblong,
rounded and subemarginate with a minute deciduous awn at
the apex, shining and glabrous above, puberulous beneath,
deciduous in spring during dry weather. Flowers of a bright
orange colour. Peduncles 2-3 together in the same cluster
of leaflets, axillary, very short, each bearing 2 shortly pedi-
celled flowers, furnished with a pair of minute lanceolate
pubescent bracteoles a little below the calyx. Calyx sub-bi-
labiate, 5-fid, with the divisions tooth-like, acute, ciliated, sub-
equal with the exception of the lowest, which is somewhat
longer and of a lanceolate shape ; externally pubescent, persis-
tent. Standard clawed, obovato-rotund, subentire ; wings
lineari-oblong ; keel cleft below, and slightly so at the apex,
where also it is puberulous with minutely capitate hairs.
Stamens submonadelphous (the tenth stamen being accrete to
the rest for part of its length), with the sheath slit up above ;
filaments of equal length : anthers minute, ovate. Ovary
lineal*, compressed, sericeo-villous : style longer than the
stamens : stigma simple. Legume pedicelled, not an inch in
length, compresso-foliaceous, with the valves chartaceous,
hirsute with minutely capitate hairs, biarticulate ; lower joint
with the upper suture nearly straight, and the under con-
vex ; upper joint small, abortive.

This is a very common tree in our savannahs and dry hills.
When in blossom, with its long branches densely crowded
with yellow flowers, it reminds the traveller of the broom of
Europe. The wood is very hard and ponderous, and suscepti-
ble of a fine polish. In by-gone days the branches were
favourite instruments of flagellation, and may be regarded as
in that respect supplying, though in an aggravated degree, the
place of the Birch of Europe.

Sub-Order II — Tribe VII. Swartziece.
Flowers not papilionaceous. Petals none, or 1-2.

Of this Tribe there are none indigenous to this
Island.

DIVISION II. RECTEMEMBRI^E,

Tribe VIII. Mimosece.
Sepals and petals valvate. Stamens liypogynous.

XXXIV. ENTADA.
Flowers polygamous. Petals 5, distinct. Stamens

LEGUMINOS^. 303

10-25, with anthers glandulose at the apex. Legume
compressed, distinctly articulated, with the valves
frequently on maturity separating into 2 membranes ;
joints 1 -seeded ; costae persistent : seeds thick ; coty-
ledons fleshy, unchanged during germination, and
enclosed within the spermodermium under the ground.
— De Cand.

Name, from zvrarog strung, from the joints of the legume
being, as it were, strung together.

1. Entada gigalobium. Cocoon.

Leaves bipinnate terminating in a tendril, pinnae
2-paired, leaflets 4— 5-paired glabrous on both sides
oblong emarginate, spikes supra-axillary, stamens 10.

Phaseolus maximus perennis, folio decomposite, lobo maxirno
contorto, Sloane, Jam. 68. — Gigalobium, Browne, 362. — Mi-
mosa scandens, Swartz, Obs. 389. — Acacia scandens, Willd. IV.
1057. — Entada gigalobium, De Cand. II. 424.

HAB. Common in mountain woods.

FL. August.

Stem climbing to a great height, 100-150 feet in length :
branches angulose, glabrous. Leaves bi-pinnate : pinnae 2-
paired : leaflets 4-5-paired, petiolulated, oblong, rounded and
subemarginate at the apex, somewhat unequilateral at the base,
delicately nerved and veined, glabrous, shining: common pe-
tiole subterete, slightly channelled above, terminating in a long
bifid tendril : partial petioles articulated on the common. Sti-
pules subulate, appressed. An open glandular pore or foramen
a little below and on each side of the insertion of the petiole.
Spike supra-axillary (with a row of tufted glandules between
the axil of the leaf and the insertion of the spike), very long
(longer than the leaf) : rachis terete, occasionally terminating
in a tendril : flowers numerous, small, very shortly pedicelled,
each furnished at the insertion with a minute lanceolate bractea.
Calyx minute, 5-dentate. Petals 5, oblong, small, green.
Stamens 10 (according to Swartz 20-24), capillary, longer
than the petals, twisted and hence apparently of the same
length : anthers green, didymous, bearing a minute shortly pe-
dicelled glandule. Pistil sometimes abortive, and its parts im-
perfectly developed : ovary lineari-oblong, glabrous : style pro-
truding beyond the twisted stamens, capillary, green, twisted :
stigma white, obtuse. Legume very large, 6-8 feet in length,
4 inches or more in breadth at the widest part, compressed,
glabrous, of a brown colour, variously twisted, 2-valved, 10—
12-seeded: seeds suborbiculate, compressed, 2 inches in breadth.

This is a very common climber in woods on the North

304 CALYCIFLOU/E.

side of the Island. I am not aware that the seeds have been
applied to any use, except to make a very indifferent kind of
snuff-box. They are frequently to be met with along the sea-
shore, being washed down during rains by the mountain streams.
They are also sometimes carried out to sea, and falling into the
Gulf-stream, are thrown on the northern coasts of Europe.
Thus they have, as mentioned by Sir Hans Sloane in No. 222
of the Philosophical Transactions, been frequently picked up
on the shores of the Hebrides and Orkneys.

XXXV. MIMOSA.

Flowers polygamous. Petals 4-5, united into a 4-
5-fid subinfimdibuliform corolla. Stamens inserted on
the bottom of the corolla or stipe of the ovary, equal-
ling the divisions of the corolla in number or double
or triple. Legume compresso-plane, 1— co -jointed ;
joints 1 -seeded; costs; persistent. — De Cand.

Named, from /i/^og a buffoon; the leaves as if playfully
shrinking, when touched.

1. Mimosa viva. Lesser Sensitive-plant.
Unarmed herbaceous, leaves conjugato-pinnated,
pinnae 4-paired, leaflets subrotund, legume of 1 joint.

M. herbacea non spinosa minima repens, Sloane, II. 58. t.
182. f. 7. — M. minima herbacea vix tripollicaris capsulis mono-
spermis hirsutis, Broivne, 254. — M. viva, Willd. Sp. PI. IV.
1028.

HAB. Pastures of East Prospect Estate, St Thomas in
the East.

FL. Throughout the year.

Stem herbaceous, diffuse, rooting, about 2 inches in height.
Peduncles axillary, of the same length as the leaves, solitary,
bearing a head of small flowers, in only one of which is the
legume perfected.

This small plant grows in patches, densely covering the
ground for several feet in extent. It is perhaps the most sen-
sitive of its kind, its leaves affected even by the breeze,
and instantly collapsing on being touched, so that you may
write your name on a bed of it, by means of a stick drawn
lightly over the surface, and the letters will remain legible for
several minutes.

2. Mimosa pudica. Common Sensitive-plant.
Stem herbaceous prickly hairy, leaves subdigitato-
pinnated, pinna? 4, leaflets multi-jugate linear.
JVilld. Sp. PI. IV. 1031.— Bot. Rep. 544.

LEGUMINOSJE. 305

HAB. Pastures, &c., common.

FL. Throughout the year.

Stem suffruticose, procumbent, coloured. Leaves sometimes
conjugato-pinnated. Petioles and peduncles hairy. Calyx
3-4-fid. Corolla O« Filaments 4, six times longer than the
calyx, erect. Style somewhat shorter than the filaments. Le-
gume with the disk glabrous, and the margin setose with stiff
hairs.

This species is considered to have originally been indigenous
to Brazil : it is, however, very common in every part of this
Island, and found to be a very troublesome weed in pastures,
from the prickles wounding the mouths of the stock, when they
are feeding where it grows. The leaves, like those of the pre-
ceding species, are very sensitive.

3. Mimosa asperata. Shrubby Sensitive-plant.

Leaves bipinnate, pinnae 8-12-jugate, leaflets multi-
jugate with the under surface and margin appresso-
setose, prickles of the stem and between the pinnas
slightly hooked, those at the base of the pinnae
straight, peduncles subgeminate length of the head.

M. fratescens spinosa et aculeata, siliquis hirsutis, Browne,
253.— M. asperata, Willd. Sp. PI. IV. 1035.— De Cand. Leg.
63.

HAB, In Gardens.

FL. Throughout the year.

A shrub, about 6 feet in height : branches hairy. Heads of
flowers globose, of a pale pink colour. Legumes about 4 inches
long, and \ an inch broad, pilose, separating, when ripe, into
joints, corresponding to the seeds in number.

Browne calls this the thorned sensitive from Panama, and
states that it was introduced from the Continent. I have fre-
quently met with it in gardens, but never growing wild. The
leaflets are sensitive to the touch, but the petiole is not, as in
the two preceding species, affected.

XXXVI. INGA.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5,
united into a 5-fid corolla. Stamens co, exserted,
shortly (sometimes for the greater part of their length)
monadelphous at the base. Legumes broad-linear,
compressed, 1 -eel led : seeds covered with a pulp, or
more rarely with farina or a pellicle — De Cand.

Trees or shrubs, generally unarmed. Flowers spiked or
capitate, red or white — There is a very lofty tree of INGA

306 CALYCI FLORAE,

BIOLOBOSA in the Botanic Garden at Bath. — Name, of American
origin, first adopted by Marcgraaf.

1. Inga vera. Common Inga.

Petiole winged, leaflets 4-5-jugate obovato-oblong
acuminate membranaceous glabrous, spikes axillary
few-flowered, corolla lanato-sericeous, legumes sul-
cated.

Arbor siliquosa Brasiliensis, foliis pinnatis costa media mem-
branulis extantibus, Sloane, II. 58. t. 183. f. 1. — Inga flore
albo fimbriato, fructu dulci, Plum. Gen. 13. ic. 25 — Mimosa
Inga, Swartz, Obs. 388.— Inga vera, Wfttd. Sp. PI. IV. 1010.

HAB. Banks of Rivers. Common in the neighbourhood of
Bath, St Thomas in the East.

FL. Spring.

A tree, 20-30 feet in height. Leaflets 3-4 inches in length,
the upper ones the largest, parallelly veined, glabrous, shining
above. A large sessile cup-shaped glandule between every
pair of leaflets. Flowers spiked. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla
twice the length of the calyx. Stamens many, monadelphous,
much longer than the corolla, capillary, white : anthers minute.
Legume pubescent, with the seeds lodged in a white sweet
edible pulp.

2. Inga unguis-cati. Four-leaved Inga.

Spines stipulary straight, leaflets subrotundo-ellip-
tic subdimidiate rounded at the apex glabrous, a glan-
dule at the division of the petiole and also between
the leaflets, racemes terminal, flowers sessile crowded,
legumes twisted.

Acacia arborea major spinosa, pinnis quatuor, siliquis varie
intortis, Sloane, II. 56. — Mimosa fruticosa, foliis ovatis binato-
binatis, seminibus atro-nitentibus, Browne, 252. — M. unguis-
cati, Swartz, Obs. 389 — Inga, Willd. IV. 1006.

HAB. Common, in the fences and thickets, in the neighbour-
hood of Spanish-Town.

FL. End of the year.

A shrubby tree, about 10 feet in height : branches terete,
ash-coloured, sometimes unarmed; branchlets flexuose, glabrous.
Thorns stipulary, short, straight. Leaves bipinnate: leaflets
1-paired sessile, very obtuse or subemarginate at the apex,
nervose, glabrous : petiole subalate, channelled above. A
minute glandule at the extremity of the common, and another
at that of the partial petioles. Racemes terminal, of 2-3 sim-
ple branches. Peduncle angulose, minutely puberulous. Flow-
ers greenish yellow, sessile, furnished at the insertion with a

LEGUMINOSJE. 307

minute ovate bracteole. Calyx small, 5-dentate, with the teeth
rather indistinct. Corolla more than twice the length of the
calyx, 5-fid, with the teeth acute. Filaments capillary, yellow,
matted, three times the length of the corolla. Legumes toru-
lose, twisted in a spiral manner, of a red colour : seeds 5-6,
black, shining, roundish, compressed, half-buried in a snow-
white fleshy arill us-like pellicle.

The specific designation, itnguis-cati, is given from the curved
form of the thorns with which the tree is armed. Browne calls
it the black-bead shrub ; and from others it receives the names
of Barbary '-thorn and Nephritic-tree. Barham tells us, that it is
a sovereign remedy for stone, gravel, and other urinary com-
plaints, and also for obstruction of the liver and spleen. "We
are informed that it was first planted in the Island by a Span-
ish Bishop, who, in expatiating on the virtues of the plant,
deduced that it must be useful in nephritic complaints, from the
shape of the seeds resembling that of the kidney, and the white
arillus corresponding to the fat in which the gland is imbedded.
The bark is the part that is made use of, and Barham states,
that in his time it was in such general use, that it was rare to
meet with a tree that had not been barked. The decoction is
of a red colour, is very astringent, and has the reputation of
acting as a diuretic. It has been employed externally as a
lotion and injection in cases of relaxation of the parts. It is
supposed that this plant was introduced by the Spaniards, as it
is confined to the neighbourhood of Spanish- Town, and has not
been met with in any other part of the Island.

3. * Inga comosa. Long-stamened Inga.

Pinnae 3-jugate, leaflets 9-10-jugate ovate retuse at
the base, petioles branches and the paniculate-corym-
bose flowers glabrous, legumes acinaciform.

Mimosa comosa, Sivartz, FL Ind. Occ. 980.

HAB. Rocks, North side of the Island, Swartz.

A shrubby tree, 15-20 feet in height. Leaves generally in
pairs from a single bud: leaflets very glabrous, veined. A
small ciliated cavity in place of a glandule at the base of the
petiolules. Panicle terminal. Calyx and corolla 3-5-fid.
Legume about 2 inches in length, margined, glabrous : seeds
6-8. Swartz.

4*. Inga Saman. South American Acacia.

Pinnae 4-6-jugate, leaflets 2-6-jugate oblong ob-
tuse glabrous above pubescent beneath, a glandule
between each pair of pinnae and leaflets, peduncles
terminal and axillary, legume about 20-seeded.

308 CALYCIFLORJE.

Mimosa Saman, Jacq. Frag. Bot. 5. t. 9. — Inga Saman,
Wittd. IV. 1024.

HAB. Common in Salt-ponds, St Catherine's.

FL. April — October.

A spreading tree, 40-50 feet in height : branches at their
extremities angulose, velutino-pubescent. Leaves alternate,
bipinnate : pinnae 4-5-paired : leaflets of the terminal pinnae 6-
paired, diminishing gradually, so that those of the lowest pinnae
are only 2-paired ; the outermost pair of leaflets the largest ;
subsessile, rhomboideo-oblong,unequilateral, bluntly apiculated,
glabrous and shining above, incano-velutino-pubescent beneath :
common petiole anguloso-sulcated, pubescent, with a roundish
sessile depressed urceolate glandule between each pair of pinnae :
partial petioles subterete, with a sharp ridge above, pubescent,
bearing a small glandule between each pair of leaflets. Stipules
thickish, lanceolate, attenuated at the apex, blunt, deciduous.
Peduncles terminal, and in the axillae of the subterminal leaves,
4-8 together, 3—5 inches in length, subterete, anguloso-sulcated,
pubescent, each bearing a head of about 20 flowers. Flowers
crimson, subsessile, each furnished with a spathulate bractea,
hooded near the apex, deciduous. Calyx tubulose, infundibnli-
form, 5-fid, externally greenish and tomentulose; divisions
blunt. Corolla less than twice the length of the calyx, 5-fid,
tubulose, slit on one side, externally yellowish, tomentulose ;
divisions blunt. Stamens o>, more than twice the length of
the floral coverings, delicately capillary, monadelphous at the
base, tinged towards the apex with crimson : anthers very small.
Ovary linear, greenish, glabrous : style longer than the stamens,
tinged with crimson : stigma simple. Legume about 9 inches
in length, linear, compressed, of brownish-black colour, corru-
gated, shining ; sutures thickened : seeds each inclosed in a
pellicle, imbedded in a sweet amber-coloured gummy pulp,
about 20 in number, oblong, compressed, of a brownish colour.

This is among the loftiest and most beautiful of its tribe. It
is originally a native of the Caraccas, but is now one of the
most common trees in Salt-ponds, the seeds having been brought
over by the Spanish cattle, which were formerly imported in
great numbers from the different parts of South America.
Horses, cattle, sheep, and indeed every description of stock
feed readily on the pods, and are usually collected under the
trees, on a windy day, waiting till they fall to the ground. The
tree itself affords a beautiful shade, and grows up very rapidly.
The wood is said to be very ornamental.

5. Inga cyclocarpa. Shell-podded Inga.

Pinnae 5-9-paired, leaflets 20-30-paired oblong
obtuse subdimidiate puberulous, a glandule below the
lowest and another between the 1-2 extreme pairs of

LEGUMINOS.33. 309

pinnae, spikes globose axillary peduncled, legumes
shell-shaped.

Mimosa eyclocarpa, Jacq. Frag. t. 34. f. 1. — Inga, Willd.
Spec. IV. 1026.

HAB. Near the Spanish-Town Bridge.

FL. March.

A tree, 00-40 feet in height ; branches erect. Pinnae usu-
ally 5-7-paired, and the leaflets 24-paired. Peduncles axil-
lary, 4—5 together, about 2 inches in length, terete, minutely
puberulous, bearing a number of greenish yellow sessile flowers
in a head. Calyx 5-fid, with the teeth obscure, minutely pu-
berulous. Corolla twice the length of the calyx, 5-fid, with
the divisions linear, obtuse. Filaments numerous, more than
twice the length of the corolla, monadelphous at the base.
Legume shell-shaped, large, about 2 inches in breadth, tumid
at the situation of the seeds; pulp saponaceous: seeds 10-14,
oblong, compressed, of a chesnut colour with an oblong black
spot on each side.

The pulp contained in the pods of this species is employed iu
the Caraccas as a substitute for soap in washing clothes.

5. Inga fragrans. Sweet-smelling Inga.

Pinna3 10-paired, leaflets 40-paired lineari-oblong
obtuse unequilateral at the base glabrous, common
petiole with an oblong glandule J an inch from the
insertion, and a round one between the terminal pair
of pinnae, panicles terminal leafy, flowers subsessile
12-20 in a head.

HAB. Port-Royal mountains. Below Moccha and Chester-
field works.

FL. August.

A tree, 20-30 feet in height, with spreading branches.
Leaves alternate, bipinnate : pinnae 3^ inches in length, 10-
paired: leaflets 39-paired, sub-petiolulated, lineari-oblong, ob-
tuse, unequilateral at the base, deep green glabrous and shining
above, paler and minutely ciliated and puberulous along the
mid-nerve beneath, about 4 lines in length : common petiole
about 8 inches in length, channelled above, with an oblong glan-
dule \ an inch from the insertion, and a roundish glandule
between the terminal pair of pinnae. Peduncles axillary and
terminal, forming together a leafy panicle, angulose : branches
of the peduncles short Qd of an inch in length), each bearing
12-20 white fragrant subsessile flowers in a head. Calyx mi-
nutely 5-dentate. Corolla infundibuliform, 5-fid, greenish :
divisions oblongo-ovate, -subacute. Stamens 20, .more than

310 CALYCI FLORAE.

twice the length of the corolla, slightly accrete for half their
length at the base : anthers minute, yellow. Ovary small, ob-
long, green : style length of the stamens : stigma obtuse. Le-
gume about 3 inches in length, linear, piano-compressed, vel-
vety, about 10-seeded : seeds covered with a pellicle, orbi-
culate, compressed, yellowish.

XXXVII. Desmanthus.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5,
distinct, oblongo-spathulate, or united, or in the
neuter flowers none. Stamens 10, rarely 5, with the
filaments in the lower flowers sterile, dilatato-mem-
branaceous or filiform. Legume continuous, juiceless,
2-valved. — De Cand.

Herbaceous or fruticose ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets linear ;
spikes axillary, ovate or cylindrical ; flowers white. Name,
from ds<r/j,o$ a bond, and av6og a flower ; on account of the fasci-
cules of flowers being as it were bound together.

1. Desmanthus strictus. Erect Desmanthus.

Suffruticose erect, pinnae 4-5-paired with a glan-
dule between the lowest pair, peduncles naked,
flowers capitate bracteolated decandrous, legume nar-
row-linear 20-25-seeded.

Mimosa frutescens siliquis compressis falcatis umbellatis,
pedunculo longissimo, Browne, 253. — Desmanthus strictus, De
Cand. Prod. II. 445.

HAB. Roadside near Castle Perkins, Liguanea.

FL. May.

A shrub, 2-3 feet in height : branches angulose, striated,
glabrous. Leaves alternate, bipinnate ; pinnae 3-5-paired ;
leaflets 25-paired, linear, acute, ciliated: petiole 3-gonal, bear-
ing an orbiculate excavated cup-shaped glandule between the
lowest pair of pinnae. Stipules setaceous. Peduncle axillary,
solitary, shorter than the leaf, bearing 6-8 flowers in a head.
Flowers small, white, sessile, furnished with a minute ovate
acuminate scariose ciliated bracteole. Calyx 5-fid : teeth
subulate, erect. Petals 5, about twice the length of the calyx,
linear, acute, greenish. Stamens 10, longer than the petals,
delicately capillary, matted. Ovary oblong, compressed, glab-
rous : style interlaced with the stamens, and of the same length :
stigma capitate, excavated at the extremity. Legumes 2-3
inches in length, and 2-3 lines in breadth, linear, about 25-seed-
ed : seeds oval, compressed.

LEGUMINOS^E. 311

2. Desmanthus pratorum. Field Desmanthus.

Stem suffruticose prostrate, pinnse 2-4-paired, pe-
tiole 1-glandulose between the lowest pair of pinnae,
spikes capitate 8-flowered, stamens 10, legumes nar-
row linear.

HAB. Oxford pastures, St Thomas in the East. Hope
pastures, Liguanea. Lucky Valley, Port-Royal,

FL. After rains.

Stem frutescent, prostrate, branched : branches long, simple,
sub tetragonal, scabrous under the microscope. Leaves bipin-
nate : pinnse 2-4 paired : leaflets minute, 18— paired, lineari-ob-
long, obtuse, under the glass minutely ciliated: petiole 1£ inch
long, channelled, with the upper surface puberulous, bearing a
red sessile cup-like glandule between the lowest pair of pinnse.
Stipules setaceous. Peduncle axillary, longer than the petiole,
filiform, jointed, and furnished with a pair of minute ovate at-
tenuated bracteas towards the extremity, bearing a head of 8
small white flowers. A minute ovate acuminate bracteole to
each of the flowers. Calyx 5-fid. Petals twice the length
of the calyx, lineari-oblong. Filaments twice the length of the
petals, white. Legumes 2—6 perfected in the head, linear,
acute, mucronate : seeds about 14, elliptic.

XXXVIII. FROSOPIS.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-dentate. Petals 5,
free. Stamens 10 ; filaments slightly connate at the
base. Legume continuous, filled with pulp, linear,
somewhat compressed, torulose at the situations of
the seeds, and at length subsoluble betwixt them.

Trees or shrubs, prickly or unarmed ; leaves bipinnate ; spikes
axillary, peduncled ; flowers greenish or yellowish ; legumes
edulous. — Name, from Tgo<rcoT/g, a little mask ?

I. Prosopis juliflora. Cashaw.

Spines stipulary straight, pinnae 1-2-paired, leaf-
lets 18-20 linear subacute glabrous, a sessile glan-
dule between each pair of pinnae, spikes cylindrical,
legume compressed glabrous.

Mimosa juliflora, Swartz, Prod. 85. — M. piliflora, FL Ind.
Occ. 986.— Prosopis, De Cand. Prod. II. 447.

HAB. Common.

FL. Throughout the year, during dry weather.

A tree, attaining 30-40 feet in height, with the stem thick,
crooked, rimose: branches long, subvirgate, diffuse, terete, ash-
coloured, glabrous, armed with short straight stipulary spines.

312 CALYC1FLORJE.

Pinnae 1-2-paired : leaflets 1 8-20-paired, linear, subacute, gla-
brous, but very minutely to the glass, especially at the base,
ciliated : petiole terminating in a subulate seta, and bearing a
sessile glandule between every pair of pinnae. Spikes axillary,
3—4 together, furnished at the base with numerous setaceous
bracteas, cylindrical, about 2-3 inches in length: peduncle
terete puberulous, free for about 3 lines at the base, and fur-
nished there with about 3 subulate bracteas. Flowers subses-
sile, numerous, crowded, yellowish, delicately fragrant. Petals
nearly 3 times the length of the calyx, lineari-oblong, villous
internally towards the apex. Stamens somewhat longer than
the petals, apparently free to the base, glabrous : anthers sub-
quadrate. Ovary linear, niveo-villous : style short : stigma
obtuse. Legume* only one (rarely more) in each spike coming
to perfection, linear compressed, glabrous, of an ochre colour :
pulp, to the taste, sweetish : seeds numerous, obovate, com-
pressed, of a clay colour.

This tree thrives best in a dry district, and hence acquires
its greatest perfection in the Salt-ponds district, and in the
plain of Liguanea, towards the sea. The stem may frequently
be met with 3 feet in diameter, attaining a great height, and
affording a grateful shelter from the noon-day sun. It is said
to have been introduced into the country ; but this can scarcely
be credited, as it remains to be discovered from what country
it came. It is a very hardy tree, sending up rapidly a num-
ber of shoots whenever it has been cut down, so that it can
only be eradicated from a pasture by burning the roots.
It disseminates itself by means of the cattle which feed on the
pods ; it is to be met with in all our plains and lower hills ; and,
in certain districts, it covers extensive plains.

A transparent gum, having the appearance, and possessing
all the properties of gum arabic, may be obtained in consider
able quantities by wounding the stem and large branches. It
was probably from this circumstance that the tree was in former
times mistaken for the Acacia vera, and supposed to yield the
gum arabic of the shops. As all parts of the tree abound
with this gummy juice, stock of every kind feed readily on
the pods, young shoots, and leaves. They may do this with
impunity during dry weather, and the pods are even said to be
as nutritious as corn. After rains, however, the latter are
very pernicious, and frequent instances yearly occur of iiorses
dying from having fed upon them. It would appear, that the
fatal effects are produced by the seeds germinating in the sto-
mach of the animal; for the process is found, on opening the'
body, to have made some progress. In dry weather the seeds
are hard, whereas after rains they are softened and prepared to
spring. It is probable that it is the carbonic acid which is
given out during germination that induces the inflammation of
the stomach and bowels, which is always present in such

LEGUMINOSJE. 313

cases. It has been remarked, that horses that have been hard-
worked, and then turned out into pasture, are the most apt to
suffer in this manner ; whereas the occurrence scarcely ever
takes place among breeding stock. The remedies usually em-
ployed are saline purgatives to carry off the noxious matter ;
and alkaline and earthy solutions to absorb the carbonic acid,
as soon as it is generated.

As a timber, the wood is very hard. It is not, however,
adapted to saw into planks or boards, from the stem being
very much twisted and crooked. It is sometimes split into
shingles, which are very durable; but the holes for the nails
require to be bored. The principal use of the wood is for
fuel, being the best adapted for that purpose of any that is
made use of; and, from its being of rapid growth, a constant
supply can be obtained.

Browne has erroneously called this the Poponax, and in this
he has been followed by Lunan.

XXXIX. ACACIA.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx 4-5-toothed. Petals
4-5, either free, or united into a 4-5-fid corolla.
Stamens varying in number from 10 to 200. Legume
continuous, juiceless, bivalved.

Shrubs or trees ; flowers yellow, white, or more rarely red,
capitate or spiked, with the stamens monadelphous or free. —
Name, the Greek designation of one of the species.

* Leaves bipinnate ; pinnce l-paired.
1. * Acacia pilosa. Hairy Acacia.

Spines subaxillary patulous straight, stipules lan-
ceolate striated erect, leaflets 13-jugate linear obtuse,
petiole very short eglandulose and, as also thebranches,
pilose. — De Cand.

Bertero, De Cand. Prod. II. 455.

HAB. and FL. ?

2. * Acacia salinarum. Sea-side Acacia.

Spines solitary straight at the sides of the bud,
leaflets of each pinna 12-20-jugate linear obtuse, and,
as also the branches and corolla, glabrous, a glandule
at the apex of the petiole and between the leaflets,
spikes solitary peduncled. — De Cand.

Mimosa salinarum, Vahl. Eel. III. 35.

314 CALYCIFLOK^:.

HAB. Salinas.

FL. ?

The stamens 10. Ovary hirsute.

* * Leaves bipinnate, pinnae multijugate, flowers
spiked.

3. * Acacia lophanthoides. Mountain Acacia.

Unarmed, pinnae 6-jugate leaflets 16-jugate ovali-
oblong obtuse, petioles eglandulose pubescent as also
the^ branches, racemes subgeminate axillary short,
calyx very glabrous.

Bertero, De Cand. Prod. II. 457.

HAB. andFL. ?

4. Acacia Catechu. Medicinal Acacia.
Spines stipulary, when young straight, afterwards
hooked, pinna? 10-17-paired, leaflets 50-60 linear
ciliated, a depressed glandule at the base of the pe-
tiole, and one between the extreme 2, 3, or 4 pairs
of pinnae, spikes cylindrical 1-3-axillary.

Mimosa Catechu, Rox. Cor. II. 175. — A. Catechu, Willd.
Spec. IV. 1079.— De Cand. Prod. II. 458.

HAB. Common. Liguanea. St Thomas in the East.

FL. June.

A tree, 15—20 feet in height : branches spreading, armed
with strong black stipulary spines, puberulous towards their
extremities. Leaves bipinnate: pinnae 10-17-paired: leaflets
50— 60-paired, shortly petiolulated, linear, bluntish, unequal
and auriculated on the lower side at the base, ciliated : petiole
angular, channelled above, puberulous, bearing an orbiculate
urceolate green glandule below the lowest pair, and similar but
much smaller ones between each of the two, three, or four ter-
minal pairs of pinnae. Spines stipulary, strong, black, sharp.
Spikes axillary, 1—2 together, cylindrical, at first much shorter
than the leaf, but afterwards elongating : peduncles puberulous.
Flowers numerous, white, sessile. Calyx externally puberu-
lous, 5-fid ; teeth erect. Corolla rather longer than the calyx,
5-fid, glabrous ; divisions ovate, acuminate, obtuse. Stamens
twice the length of the corolla, very numerous, delicately capil-
lary, distinct from the base. Ovary green, glabrous, shortly
stipitate : style capillary length of the stamens. Legumes
linear, attenuated at the base, acuminate at the apex, plane,
glabrous, about 6-seeded or fewer by abortion : seeds orbicu-
late, flattened.

I.EGUMINOS.ZE. 315

This tree appears to have been introduced into the Island
many years since. In some districts it has been planted to
form fences, and has received incorrectly the name of the
Jerusalem Thorn. The extract, called Catechu, is obtained by
boiling the inner part of the stem, and afterwards evapo-
rating. It is of a reddish brown colour, possesses a degree of
brilliancy and friability, and to the taste is sweetish, followed
by a considerable degree of astringency. According to Sir
Humphry Davy, it consists of about one-half its weight of tan-
nin, and about one-third of a peculiar extract, combined with
a portion of mucilage and some extraneous substances. It is a
valuable astringent, and may be employed to restrain immo-
derate discharges in all cases unattended with inflammatory
action. It is given in diarrhoea and leucorrhoea, and, combined
with the balsam of copaiba, in the chronic stage of gonorrhoea. It
forms an excellent tooth-powder, strengthening the gums, and
rectifying the breath when it is disagreeable.

* * * Leaves Upinnate ; flowers collected into a
globose head.

5. Acacia tortuosa. Poponax.

Spines in pairs connate, branches and petioles pub-
escent, pinnae 2-6-jugate, leaflets 12-l6-jugate, a
glandule beneath the lowest pair and frequently be-
tween the extreme pairs of leaflets, heads of flowers
solitary axillary, legumes terete curved like a horn
pubescent.

Acacia Americana siliqua ventricosa, Sloane, II. 56. — Mi-
mosa tortuosa, Browne, 251 — Swartz, Obs. 391.

HAB. Common, especially in the dry plains on the South
side of the Island.

FL. After the rains in May.

A shrubby tree, seldom more than 10 feet in height : branches
diffuse, spreading. Spines stipulary, about \ an inch in length.
Leaves 3-4 arising together. Heads of flowers yellow, of a
heavy smell. Calyx and corolla 5-toothed. Stamens 20-24,
monadelphous at the base. Legumen corniculated, roundish,
torulose, attenuated at both ends, black: seeds ovate, com-
pressed, black, lodged in a viscid pulp.

This is an unsightly tree, of very little use except as fuel.
All parts of the plant are astringent.

6. Acacia parvifolia. Small-leaved Acacia.
Spines stipulary, branchlets towards their extremi-
ties puberulous, petioles pubescent, pinnae 5-6-ju-

316 CALYCl FLORAE.

gate leaflets 20-25-paired linear very small, a glan-
dule below the lowest, and one between each of the
extreme pairs of pinna?, heads of flowers peduncled
solitary.

Mimosa mangensis, Jacq. Am. 267 — M. parvifolia, Sivarfz,
Fl. Ind. Occ. 984.— Acacia parviflora, De Cand. Prod. II.
462.

HAB. Near Quarrel's Pen, Kingston, Liguanea.

FL. June and November.

A lowly tree, about 8 feet in height : branches horizontally
spreading, flexuose, terete, puberulous towards their extremi-
ties. Spines in pairs, at the divisions of the branches, unequal
in length, straight. Leaves bipinnate : pinnae 6-paired: leaf-
lets 2l-paired, lineari-oblong, subacute, nerved, ciliated and
minutely puberulous beneath, about 3 lines in length : common
petiole puberulous, bearing a small pedicelled glandule below
the lowest pair of pinnae, and one between each of the extreme
pairs. Stipules an inch in length, linear, membranaceous, de-
ciduous. Peduncle solitary, opposite to a leaf, an inch in
length, bearing 15-20 pale greenish slightly fragrant flowers
in a head. Calyx tubular, 5-fid. Corolla twice the length of
the calyx, 5-fid ; divisions erect. Stamens more than twice
the length of the corolla, monadelphous at the base. Ovary
glabrous : style length of the stamens. Legume compressed,
glabrous, arcuate : seeds several, oval.

T. he flowers appear to be polygamous, as only certain trees
bear fruit. The blossoms show after the May, as well as the
October rains ; but it is only after the latter that I have ob-
served the pods to form.

7« Acacia microcephala. Small-headed Acacia.

Spines stipulary, pinnae 12-1 6-paired, leaflets 25-
30-paired, an orbiculate depressed glandule beneath
the lowest pair, and one between the 2-3 terminal
pairs of pinnae, heads of flowers in threes axillary.

HAB. At a bridge beyond the second milestone on the
Windward road.

FL. August, September.

A shrubby tree, about 12 feet in height, with spreading
branches : branchlets subflexuose, terete, scabrous, glabrous.
Leaves alternate, bipinnate : pinna' 13-16-paired : leaflets 30-
paired, linear, obtuse, entire, sub-glabrous, 2-3 lines in length :
common petiole triquetrous, and, as also the partial, minutely pu-
berulous, furnished with an orbiculate excavated cup-shaped
glandule below the lowest pair of pinnae, and with one between
each of the 2-3 terminal pairs. Prickles in pairs, stipulary,

LEGUMINOS.E. 317

short. Heads of flowers axillary, peduncled, usually three to-
gether, small, not half the size of those of A. TORTUOSA. Pe-
duncles about an inch in length. Calyx minute, thin, mem-
branaceous, 4-5-dentate. Petals 4-5, united into a 4-5-cleft
corolla ; divisions somewhat longer than the calyx. Stamens
numerous, yellow about ^ longer than the corolla : ovary com-
pressed, minutely puberulous : style length of the stamens,
rather thick : stigma obtuse. Legume 3-4 inches in length,
spongy, roundish, compressed, incano-villous.

8. * Acacia macracanthoides. Large-lowered
Acacia.

Spines in pairs terete, branches, petioles, and pe-
duncles pubescent, pinnae 12-14-jugate, leaflets 25-
jugate oblongo-linear glabrous, a glandule beneath
the lowest, and between the terminal pairs of pinna?,
heads in pairs axillary on long peduncles.

Berlero, De Cand. Prod. II. 463.

HAB. ?

FL. ?

9. Acacia subinermis. Short-spirted Acacia.

Spines in pairs subulate short, branchlets, petioles,
and peduncles pubescent, pinna3 20-40-paired, leaf-
lets 20-4<0-paired linear oblong glabrous, a glandule
beneath the lowest, and one between the 2-5 termi-
nal pairs of pinnae, heads of flowers 2-3 together pe-
duncled axillary.

Bertero, De Cand. Prod. II. 463.

HAB. Salt Ponds district, St Catherine's.

PL. March.

A tree, attaining 20-30 feet in height : branches spreading,
terete, papillose, villous towards their extremities. Spines in
the younger plants distinct ; in the old, small, stipulary, subu-
late, about 2 lines in length. Leaflets very small, glabrous,
about 2 lines in length : common petiole villous, bearing a sub-
globose depressed glandule beneath the lowest pair of pinnae,
and one between each of tlje 2-5 terminal pairs. Peduncles
short, usually 2 together. Flowers numerous, small, crowded
into a head, yellow. Calyx obscurely 5-toothed. Corolla
somewhat longer, 5-fid. Stamens oo, longer than the corolla.
Legume linear, roundish, compressed, torulose, villous, ash-
coloured, 12-seeded : seeds roundish, compressed, of a chesnut
colour.

318 CALYCI FLORAE.

This tree is very common between Spanish-Town, and the
Ferry.

10. Acacia Lebbek. Egyptian Acacia.

Unarmed, pinnae 2-4-jugate, leaflets 6-8-jugate
oval subdimidiate obtuse at both ends, petioles eglan-
dulose, heads peduncled aggregated, flowers pedi-
celled.. — De Cand.

Willd. Sp. PL IV. 1066.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. After the rains in May.

This species, originally a native of Upper Egypt, is very
generally cultivated for ornamental purposes. The pods are
broad-linear, plane, a span in length, smooth, attenuated at
both ends, 7-8-seeded.

1 1 . Acacia latisiliqua. Broad-podded Acacia.

Unarmed glabrous, pinnae 5 -jugate, leaflets 10-
paired elliptic obtuse, stipules dimidiato-cordate, heads
of flowers peduncled aggregate arranged to form a
terminal panicle. — De Cand.

Willd. SP. PI. IV. 1067.

HAB. Commonly cultivated in Towns.

FL. After the May and August rains.

There is an obsolete glandule beneath the lowest pair of
pinnae. Legumes oblong, plane, acute at both ends, on a long
stipe.

12. Acacia vespertina. Night-flowering Acacia.

Unarmed, pinnae 2-4-jugate, leaflets 20-25-jugate
lineari-oblong bluntish unequal at the base, peduncles
axillary 3 together each bearing a head of about 15
flowers, stamens very long.

HAB. Common in Port-Royal and St Andrew's mountains.

FL. The warmer months, from April to September.

A shrubby tree, 10 feet or more in height: branches irre-
gular, wrinkled, ash-coloured. Leaves bipinnate ; pinnae 2-4-
jugate ; leaflets 20-25-paired, sessile, lineari-oblong, bluntish, un-
equal at the base, glabrous, (when young ciliated underthe glass),
eglandulose : common petioles about 4 inches in length, trique-
trous, lineated, pubescent : partial petioles trigonal, pubescent.
Stipules subulate-lanceolate, puberulous, deciduous. Peduncles
axillary, elongated, longer than the petioles, usually 3 together,
compressed, lineated, puberulous, each bearing a head of flow-
ers. Flowers about 15 in the head, sessile, white. Calyx

LEGUMINOS^E. 319

small, 5-fid ; divisions acute, not ciliated. Corolla thrice the
length of the calyx ; divisions oblong, subacute. Stamens very
numerous, monadelphous for a short distance at the base, an
inch in length, capillary, white: anthers roundish. Ovary ob-
long, greenish, smooth : style length of the stamens. Legume
linear, compressed, with the edges incrassated, 9-10-seeded,
tumid at the situation of the seeds, about 2^ inches long :
valves dry, when the pod is ripe revolute from the apex to the
base : seeds oblongo-oval, compressed.

This plant has been confounded with MIMOSA COMOSA of
Swartz. It is very different, however, from that plant. I have
given the specific designation of Vespertina to this species, from
the circumstance that the flowers are at evening in their greatest
perfection. Their long white filaments, which, during the heat
of the day, hung down and were matted like tresses of hair, be-
come erect, giving a singular starry appearance to the plant,
and a slight but grateful fragrance is diffused.

13. Acacia villosa. T^illous Acacia.
Unarmed villous, pinnae 6-paired, leaflets 10-16-
paired oblong or ovate pubescent, petioles eglandu-
lose, heads of flowers peduncled in threes axillary
arranged to form a subterminal panicle.

Mimosa villosa, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 982. — Acacia villosa,
Willd. IV. 1067.— De Cand. Prod. II. 468.

H AB. Common, low hills on the South side of the Island.

FL. Throughout the year.

A shrubby tree, 6-8 feet in height ; branches sub-terete, of
a brown colour, anguloso-striated, villous (approaching to hir-
sute.) Pinnae 6- (rarely 5- or 7-) paired, about 3 inches long :
leaflets 10— 15-paired, scarcely petiolulated, oblong (the inner
ones the smallest and of an ovate shape), somewhat unequila-
teral at the base, subacute, pubescent : common petiole sub-3-
gonal slightly channelled above, villous, eglandulose ; partial
petioles sub-3-gonal, villous, with a pair of minute ovate scale-
like stipels near their base. Stipules lanceolate, keeled on the
back, villous, ciliated, deciduous. Peduncle subterete, villous,
3 together in the axilla? of the subterminal leaves, (forming at
the end of the branches a kind of panicle), each bearing a some-
what oblong head of about 15 white shortly pedicelled flowers.
A small oblong solitary deciduous bractea situated on one side
of the peduncle a little below the head. Calyx urceolate, mi-
nutely «5-toothed. Petals 5, united to form a 5-partite corolla :
divisions lineari-oblong, subacute, 3 times longer than the calyx.
Stamens very numerous, 3 times the length of the corolla, de-
licately capillary : anthers minute, yellow. Ovary stipitate,
linear, compressed, glabrous : style rather thicker than the
filaments. Legume short, plane, hairy.

320 CALYCIFLORJE.

14. Acacia trichophylloides. Delicately -leaved
Acacia.

Unarmed, pinnae 12-paired, leaflets 35-40-paired
dimidiato-oblongo-linear acute ciliated, a glandule
beneath the lowest and the terminal pair of pinnae,
peduncles 4 together axillary.

Mimosa angustifolia, Lam. Diet. I. 12 ? — Acacia angustiloba,
De Cand. Prod. II. 470.

HAB. Common, Port- Royal mountains.

FL. May, June.

A tree, varying from 10 to 40 feet in height: branches
spreading, towards their extremities atigulose, of a rufous purple
colour, velutino-pubescent. Leaves bipinnate, about 6 incites
in length: pinnae usually 12-paired, about 2 inches in length:
leaflets about 35-paired, very small, scarcely one-fourth of an
inch in length, subsessile, linear, subfalcate, dimidiato-oblong,
unequilateral and subcordate on one side at the base, acute,
ciliated : common petiole tetragonal with the lowest side the
broadest, puberulous, bearing a rather large orbiculate depres-
sed glandule beneath the lowest and another beneath the terminal
pair of pinnae : partial petioles (of the pinnae) subtetragonal,
puberulous. Stipules scarcely any. Peduncles axillary, 4 to-
gether, divaricating, about an inch in length, sub-3-gonal, pu-
berulous, coloured on two of the sides, and obscurely sulcated
on the other, each bearing a dense head of about 50 sessile
white flowers. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, much longer than
the calyx, oblong, subacute, externally puberulous. Stamens
10, more than twice the length of the petals: filaments white,
erecto-patent ; anthers oblong, pale yellow. Ovary oblong,
compressed, albido-villous with appressed hairs : style somewhat
longer and thicker than the stamens : stigma obtuse. Legume
3—4 inches in length, linear, with the margin (from some of the
seeds being abortive) subsinuated, shortly stipitate, uncinato-
apiculated with a persistent portion of the style, membranace-
ous, glabrous, 9— 14-seeded.

This tree is commonly called the Bastard Tamarind. Its
stem never attains any great size, so as to render it deserving
of the name of a timber-tree.

15. Acacia arborea. Wild Tamarind.

Unarmed, the very young branchlets and petioles
ferrugineo-velutine, pinnae 12-16-jugate, leaflets 20-
30-jugate oblongo-dimidiate glabrous, a depressed
glandule between each pair of pinnae, capitules of
flowers 2-3 axillary peduncled.

LEGUMINOSJE. 321

Acacia arborea maxima, non spinosa, pinnis majoribus, flore
albo, siliqua contorta coccinea ventricosa elegantissima, Sloane,
II. t. 182. f. 1, 2. — Mimosa arborea, Browne, 252 — Stcartz,
Obs. 390.— Acacia arborea, Willd. Spec. PL IV. 1064.

HAB. Common in the mountains.

FL. July.

A lofty tree with spreading branches : branchlets brownish,
rimulose, striated. Leaves 9-12 inches long: pinna; 12-16-
paired, 5—6 inches long : leaflets 20— 30-paired, shortly petiolu-
led, ovali-oblong, unequal at the base, bluntish : common petiole
roundish, angulose, ferrugineo-velutine, with a roundish de-
pressed green glandule between each pair of pinna; : partial
petioles terete, ferrugineo-velutine : petiolules very short, green,
incrassated. Heads of flowers axillary, two together, peduncled :
peduncles at right angles from each other, 2 inches in length,
terete, ferrugineo-velutine : flowers whitish flesh-coloured, nu-
merous. Calyx tubulose, 5-dentate, coloured, pubescent at the
mouth. Corolla more than twice the length of the calyx, 5-fid.
Filaments numerous, delicately capillary, matted : anthers mi-
nute, yellow. Legume roundish, contorted, scarlet, 4-5 inches
in length ; valves coriaceous, internally blood-coloured : seeds
spherical, black, shining.

This is a valuable timber-tree, well adapted for flooring.

I may here mention that A. BANCROFTIANA of Bertero has
proved to be C^ESALPINIA BIJUGA.

* * * Petals imbricated ; stamens perigy no us.

Tribe IX. Geoffrece.
Filaments variously connected.

XL. ARACHIS.

Calyx long, tubulose, pedicelliform, with the limb
^-lipped. Corolla resupinate. Stamens inserted with
the petals in the throat of the calyx, 9 of them con-
nected and fertile, the 10th free and sterile. Ovary
stipitate; the stipe shortly after the opening of the
flower elongated. Legume ovato-oblong, obtuse at
both ends, gibbous, torulose, venoso-reticulated, cori-
aceous, indehiscent, 2-4-seeded: seeds thick, oily
within ; embryo straight ; radicle short, obtuse ; co-
tyledons semiellipsoid. — De Cand.

Name, derived from Aracos or Aracidna, a plant which, ac-
cording to Pliny, had neither stem nor leaves, but was all root.
VOL. i. Y

322 CALYCIFLOR33.

1. Arachis hypogaea. American Earth-nuts.

Sloane, I. 184.— Browne, 295 — Barham, 145. — Long, 788.
—Lunan, I. 348.

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. May — November.

Branches diffused, procumbent, hairy, compressed. Leaves
abruptly pinnated, bijugate ; leaflets elliptic, apiculate, ciliated,
otherwise glabrous. Stipules semiamplexicaul, an inch in length,
striated, lanceolate, adnate to the petiole for one-third of an
inch. Flowers axillary, 5-7 together, yellow, those situated
high on the branches sterile, those which are near the root fer-
tile. As the ovary enlarges and the pod begins to form, it forces
itself into the earth (the flower-stalk at the same time elongat-
ing) and there ripens its seeds. Hence the common name of
Earth nuts, and the specific designation hypogcea (vxo yn below
ground). You require to dig below the surface to obtain the
pods.

This very useful plant is a native of the warmer parts of
America. It is now cultivated in Asia and Africa and in the
southez-n districts of Europe. About Paris it is raised in hot-
beds and transplanted into the open garden, where it ripens its
seeds. It has also been brought to maturity in a stove in Eng-
land, and proved very prolific.

In Cochin- China, oil obtained from the seeds, is used for
lamps and as a substitute for the oil of olives. This oil, ac-
cording to Dr Brownrigg of North Carolina, is pure, clear, and
well tasted, not apt to become rancid, and a gallon of it may be
obtained from a bushel of the seeds. According to another
statement (Diet. Mat. Medic. I. 377.) the seeds give rather
more than a third of oil ; and if they are parched, nearly
half of their weight may be obtained. In the latter instance,
however, the oil is not so well tasted, and is only fit for burn-
ing or to make soap. In this Island they are principally used
parched as an article of food, and in place of the almond, the
pistachio, and other nuts in the dessert. In South Carolina
they are roasted, ground, and boiled, and make a very good
substitute for chocolate. Barham states, that when bruised in
a mortar and applied as a poultice, they extract the sting of
scorpions, wasps, and bees.

There is said to be a variety of this plant, cultivated in Bra-
zil, strong and robust, about 12 feet in height, producing a
great abundance of seed rich in oil.

XLI. ANDIRA.

Calyx turbinate, campanulate, 5-dentate ; teeth
subequal, acute, erect. Corolla papilionaceous ; stan-

LEGUMINO£^E. 323

dard roundish, emarginate, longer than the keel.
Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1). Ovary 3-ovuled.
Legume stipitate, suborbiculate, hardish, 1-locular,
1 -seeded. — De Cand.

Name, from avdrigov the bank of a river ; the locality in which
plants, belonging to this genus, usually delight.

Andira inermis. Bastard Cabbage Bark.

Leaflets 13-15 oblongo-lanceolate acuminate glab-
rous, flowers panicled shortly pedicelled, calyx urceo-
late ferrugineo-puberulous.

Geoffrsea inermis, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 1255. — Wright,
Phil. Trans. 1777, p. 512, t. 70.

HAB. Common in the mountains, and by the banks of
rivers.

FL. August.

A tree of moderate height ; branches suberect ; at their ex-
tremities terete, glabrous, ash-coloured. Leaves alternate about
a foot in length, impari-pinnate : leaflets 5-8-paired (on short
roundish ferrugineo-puberulous petiolules,) oblongo- rarely
ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, for the most part rounded at the
base, entire, glabrous, thin, with the nerves scarcely prominent,
about 4| inches long, and 1 broad : petioles minutely puberu-
lous. Stipules subaxillary, lanceolate, persistent : stipels mi-
nute subulate. Panicle terminal, and axillary, erect ; branches
subdivided, patulous, angulose, of a brownish purple colour,
ferrugineo-pubescent : pedicels very short, 1 -flowered, nume-
rous, crowded. Calyx turbinato-cainpanulate, ferrugineo-pu-
berulous. Standard and wings clawed ; keel composed of two
petals, smaller than the standard. Stamens purple. Ovary
stipitate : style subulate, curved : stigma simple. Legume
size of a large plum.

The flowers are very showy, the beautiful reddish lilac of the
petals contrasting well with the dark purple of the branches of
the flower stalk. I could not detect that the legume, as stated
by Swartz, was separable, when ripe, into two valves.

The bark of this tree has been employed as a vermifuge. It
has a disagreeable smell, and a sweet mucilaginous taste. Its
effects are emetic, drastic, purgative, and narcotic. In large
doses it is poisonous, producing violent vomiting, with fever
and delirium. It was first brought into notice by Dr Wright. A
decoction of it (Decoctum Geoffrcetz inermis) has obtained a
place in the Edinburgh and Dublin Pharmacopoeias. It is pre-
pared by boiling an oz. of the coarsely powdered bark in 2
pints of water, over a slow fire, to 1 pint. The dose for adults
is a table-spoonful, and for children a tea-spoonful, which may

324 CALYCIFLORJE.

be gradually increased till nausea is produced. The bark has
also been given in powder in doses of from 1 to 2 scruples :
and an extract and a syrup have also been prepared from it.
In any of these forms, it is a powerful anthelmintic in cases
requiring medicines of that class, and seldom fails to bring
away great quantities of worms. The antidote for an over-
dose, is lime-juice, the effects of which, I have been informed,
are certain, immediately relieving the nausea and delirium.
A precaution is given, not to drink cold water during the action
of the medicine.

Tribe X. Cnssiece.
Stamens free.

XLI1. MORINGA.

Calycine sepals 5, subequal, oblong, deciduous,
concrete at the base. Petals ,5, subequal, oblong,
with the upper one ascending. Stamens 10, unequal,
distinct ; sometimes 5 of them sterile. Style fili-
form, acute. Legume siliquaeform, 3-valved : seeds
3-gonal, attached to the centre of the fruit, exalbu-
minose ; embryo straight ; cotyledons thick, oily,
inclosed during germination within the spermodermi-
um ; plumule none. — De C'and.

Trees unarmed ; leaves bi- or tri-pinnated, with an odd one ;
racemes panicled. — Morunga, Moringu, Mourinyou, &c. are names
by which the following species is known in the East Indies.

1. Moringa pterygosperma. Horse-radish Tree.

Legume triquetrous, seeds trigonal, with the angles
expanded into wings.

Murunga, Rheed. Malab. VI. 19. t. ll.—Rumph. Amb. I.
184. t. 74. and 75. — Guilandina Moringa, Swartz, Obs. 167.—
Hyperanthera Moringa, Willd. Spec. 11.536. — Moringa ptery-
gosperma, Gartn. Fruct. II. 314. t. 147. — De Cand.Prod. II.
478.

HAB. Common.

FL. Throughout the year.

A tree 12-20 feet in height, of irregular growth. Root
thick, of a soft consistence. Leaves alternate, 3-pinnate,
nearly 2 feet in length : -pinnae 3-paired with an odd one, 6-10
inches in length : pinnules 5-paired with an odd one : leaf-
lets petiolulated, of the lower pinnules 5-paired with an odd
one, of the terminal pinnule 1-paired with an odd one, elliptic,

LEGUMINOSJE. 325

obtuse, wedge-shaped at the base, minutely puberulous above,
glabrous beneath, obscurely nerved, about an inch in length :
common petiole terete, jointed at the insertion of the pinnae,
curved between the joints, coloured, incano-puberulous : pe-
tioles of the pinnae thickened towards the base : petioles of the
pinnules angulose. A filiform puberulous glandule between
each pair of pinnae, pinnules, and leaflets. A glandular slit on
each side of the insertion of the common petiole, occupying the
place of stipules. Raceme panicled, axillary, shorter than the
leaf, solitary : peduncle elongated, subterete, incano-puberulous :
divisions alternate. Flowers pedicelled, 3-4 together, furnish-
ed at their insertion with linear bracteas. Sepals 5, subequal,
oblong, reflected, white tinged with crimson, minutely tomen-
tuloso-puberulotis. Petals 5, one of them erect, the others
subreflected ; spathulato-oblong, white with a yellow tinge,
stained with crimson externally near the base. Stamens un-
equal in length ; 5 of them sterile ; filaments subulate, villous
externally at the base: anthers yellow. Ovary pedicelled,
oblong, 3-quetrous, incano-pubescent : style filiform: stigma
simple. Legume seldom more than a foot in length, 3-quetrous,
3-valved: seeds 15-16.

This tree is a native of the East Indies, and was introduced

into this Island in the year 1784 by East, Esq. It has

since that been very generally cultivated, and is now to be met
with every where. It grows readily from cuttings, so that a
stake driven into the ground immediately takes root. It is a
very ornamental, and also very useful tree. All parts of the
plant are acrid to the taste. The root vesicates, and may be
applied pounded as a rubefacient : it has the taste, and forms a
very excellent substitute for Horse-radish. Sheep and hogs
are very fond of the young branches and leaves ; and a fine blue
dye may be obtained from the wood. It has long been sup-
posed, that it was from the seeds of this species, that the valua-
ble oil, known by the name of the oil of Ben or fiehn, was pro-
cured. It appearsj however, that it is obtained from a different
species, MOKINGA APTERA, DC., which has not yet been in-
troduced into this Island. It is a native of the East-Indies, and
distinguished by the seeds being triquetrous and not winged.
(Gaertn. Fruct. II. 315.) A very excellent palatable oil, how-
ever, may be procured, by expression, from the seeds of the
plant before us.

XLIII. GuiLANDINA.

Calycine sepals 5, nearly equal, united at the base
into a short urceolate tube. Petals 5, sessile, sub-
equal. Stamens 10, with the filaments villous at the
base. Style short. Legume ovate, ventricoso-com-
pressed, externally echinated, 2-valved, 1-3-seeded :

326 CALYCIFLOH;E.

seeds osseous, shining, subglobose, exalbuminous. —
De Cand.

Named after Melchior Guilandin, a Prussian traveller in
Africa, demonstrator of Botany at Padua in the 16th century.

1. Guilandina Bonduc. Oval-leaved Nicker-tree.
Leaves pubescent or villoso-subvelutine.

Lobus echinatus fructu flavo, foliis rotundioribus, Sloane, II.

40 Lobus echinatus fructu caesio, foliis longioribus, Sloane,

II. 41? — Guilandina spinosa, foliis bipinnatis ovatis cum
acumine, Browne, 228. — G. Bonduc, Ait. Hort. Kew. III. 32.

HAB. Common along the sea-shore.

FL. Throughout the year.

A shrubby tree, 10-20 feet in length: branches long and
prickly, supported on neighbouring trees and shrubs. Prickles
in pairs, hooked. Leaves abruptly pinnated : pinnae 7-jugate :
leaflets 8-jugate, nearly 2 inches long and 1 broad, oval, sub-
cordate, obtuse, mucronate, pubescent, of a light green colour :
petiole armed with single hooked prickles. Racemes a foot or
more in length : flowers yellow, fragrant, pedicelled, each fur-
nished at the base Avith an inch-long lanceolate bractea. Calyx
with the divisions obtuse, externally glanduloso-pilose. Petals
somewhat unequal. Filaments subulate, pubescent : anthers
greenish. Ovary small: style short: stigma bearded. Le-
gume ovate, rhomboidal, compressed, covered with numerous
stiff but not pungent herbaceous spines : seeds 2-3, ovato-
globular, shining, at first yellowish, but afterwards of a greyish
colour, with the hilum brown.

The above is the description of the Nicker-tree, common
along the sea-shore in every district I have visited. There is a
variety, formerly considered as a distinct species, under the
name of G. BONDUCELLA, described as being of a smaller
growth, and with the leaflets ovato-oblong, with which I have
not met.

This shrubby tree is to be met with along the shores of the
tropical regions of the old as well as the new world. It is,
doubtless, indebted for this extensive diffusion, to the waters
of the sea conveying the seeds, scattered along their borders, to
distant coasts. Medicinal properties have been attributed to
different parts of the tree. A cataplasm of the leaves have
been applied in hydrocele and other swellings of the scrotum ;
a decoction of the roots has been recommended for the bites of
venomous reptiles ; and the seeds which are bitter and act as an
emetic, have been given in substance as a tonic in intermittent
fever, and in emulsion for gonorrhoea.

XLIV. COULTERIA.

Calyx turbinate at the base, 5-fid : the four upper

LEGUMINOS^:. 327

lobes subequal, the lower one larger and glanduloso-
dentate in the manner of a comb. Petals 5, with the
upper one larger. Stamens 10; filaments free,
slightly bearded at the base. A nectariferous glan-
dule at the upper side of the ovary. Style short :
stigma glanduloso-subciliated. Legumes compresso-
plane, spongy, scarcely dehiscent : seeds 4-6. — De
Cand.

American trees "or shrubs, with axillary spines; leaves
abruptly pinnated ; flowers racemose, yellow.

1. Coulteria tinctoria. Dibi-Deri.

Leaflets glabrous ovali-oblong, petioles unarmed
subpuberulous, calyx glabrous, legumes glabrous ses-
sile obtuse.

Caesalpinia pectinata, De Cand. Cat. H. Monsp. 84. — Poin-
ciana Tara, Ruiz, et Pav. — Coulteria tinctoria, H. B. et Kunth,
VI. t. 569.

HAS. Cultivated.

FL. Throughout the year.

This valuable shrub has been lately introduced into the
Island by Henry Bright, Esq., and promises to be a great ac-
quisition. The pods abound in the tannin principle, and in
Gallic acid, so that it is adapted to the purposes of tanning, and
may also serve as a substitute for nut-galls in dyeing and ink
making. It has been found to thrive in every situation, even
where the soil is light and gravelly, and where it has been ex-
posed to the extreme of dry weather. It comes into bearing
in a year, and continues to flower and to bear fruit in constant
succession. About two crops may be annually obtained ; that,
towards the end of the year, being the most abundant. I am
confident that it will, in course of time, be extensively cultivated.

XLV. CAESALPINIA.

Calycine sepals 5, concrete at the base into a sub-
persistent cupula j the lowest larger than the rest, sub-
fornicated. Petals 5, unequal, clawed ; the upper one
shorter than the rest. Stamens 10 ; filaments villous
at the base, ascending : all the anthers fertile. Style
filiform. Legume unarmed, compressed, 2-valved.
Seeds ovali-oblong, compressed : plumule elongated.

Trees or shrubs, prickly or unarmed ; leaves abruptly pin-

328 CALYCIFLOR^:.

mited; flowers yellow. — Named by Plumier, in honour of An-
dreas Caesalpinus, author of several botanical works, and phy-
sician to Pope Clement VIII.

1. Caesalpinia Brasiliensis. BrasileUo-TF'ood.

Unarmed, pinnee 4-paired, leaflets 7-8-paired, ellip-
tic or oval obtuse subglabrous, rachises and calices
pubescent, racemes simple or subpanicled, pedicels
rather shorter than the flowers, and stamens than the
corolla. Legumes thin piano-compressed.

C. arborea inermis, foliis minoribus, paribus bipinnatis, ligno
kermesino, Browne, Jam. 227 — C. Brasiliensis, Sicartz, Obs.
166 De Cand. Prod, II. 482.

HAB. Common in dry limestone districts.

FL. January.

A tree, seldom more than 15 feet in height, with spreading
unarmed branches. Leaves bi-pinnate : pin nee 4-paired : leaf-
lets 7— 8-paired, sub-opposite, shortly petiolulated, oval, obtuse
at the apex, shining and minutely puberulous above, ciliated,
puberulous beneath, especially along the mid nerve, 1—1^ inch
in length : common petiole subterete, pubescent. Racemes
sometimes axillary, solitary, simple ; at other times crowded
into a sort of panicle at the ends of the branches, many-flower-
ed : rachis angulose, pubescent : pedicels short (about 3 lines in
length), puberulous : flowers small, yellow. Calyx externally
puberulous, 5-fid ; 4 of the segments subequal, oval, blunt,
crisped, lacerato-fimbriated ; the 5th and lowest segment large,
roundish, concave, crisped, pectinated. Petals, 4 of them sub-
equal, clawed, oblong, puberulous towards the claw ; the 5th
without a claw, broad at the base, rounded, concave at the
apex so as to be somewhat hooded, ciliated, puberulous. Sta-
mens 10, subequal : filaments subulate, hairy towards the base :
anthers oblong, yellow. Ovary oblong, villous : style short:
stigma simple. Legume 2| inches long and nearly one broad,
thin, samaroid, leaflike, slightly inflated at the situation of the
seeds, linear, acuminate at the base, obtuse at the apex, glab-
rous, 4-seeded : seeds ovoid, compressed.

De Candolle has described the legumes of this species as
one- seeded. The wood of this tree, according to Browne, is
very hard, of an orange tinge, and takes a fine polish ; it is full
of resin, and gives, on infusion, a fine full tincture. It is much
used for ornamental purposes in cabinet- making, and it is con-
sidered to be peculiarly well adapted for making the spokes of
the wheels of carriages. I am not aware that it is at present
ever cut down for exportation as a dye-wood. The best Brazil
wood for dyeing is sajd to be produced by the C. ECHINATA, a
native of Brazil.

LEGUMINOS/E. 329

2. Ca?salpinia bijuga. Indian savin Tree.

Glabrous prickly or subunarmed, leaflets duplicato-
bijugate more or less obcordate, racemes panicled,
flowers shortly pedicelled.

Senna spuria arborea spinosa, Sloane, II. t. 181. f. 2. 8 —
Acacia gloriosa Jamaicensis, Firm. Aim — Poinciana bijuga,
Jacq. Am. 123. — Caesalpinia bijuga, Swartz, Obs. 1G6.

HAB. Common in dry savannahs.

FL. October — December.

A tree 15-20 feet in height, erect : branches round, glabrous :
prickles axillary, solitary, or in pairs one on each side of the
base of the petiole, or sometimes awanting. Pinnae 2-paired ;
each pinna of two pair of leaflets: leaflets shortly petiolulated,
somewhat difformed and unequilateral, narrowing towards the
base, broad and rounded and occasionally ernarginate at the
apex, and hence obovate and more or less obcordate, an inch
in length : common petiole about 2 inches in length. Flowers
showy, yellow, numerous, shortly pedicelled, arranged in a
terminal panicled raceme. Calycine sepals 5, concrete at the
base to form a subpersistent cupula, unequal; four of them
oblong, obtuse, petaloid, yellow ; the fifth longer, concave,
greenish. Petals 5, rather longer than the sepals, unequal ; 4
of them shortly clawed, with the claws hirsute with white
hairs, oblong ; the fifth broad and hirsute at the base, hooded,
obtuse, yellow spotted with orange. Stamens equal in length
to the petals ; filaments hirsute for the greater part of their
length : anthers ovate. Ovary linear, hispid : style erect,
hirsute : stigma simple. Legume an inch and a half in length,
and half an inch in breadth, glabrous, thickened along the su-
tures, 3-seeded, ventricose at the situation of the seeds, so
that when the pod is ripe they rattle. Seeds subquadrate,
compressed, smooth, shining, black.

All parts of this tree give out, when bruised, a strong bal-
samic scent. The pods have some resemblance to those of
C. coriaria, and might, I have no doubt, be employed for simi-
lar useful purposes. The tree, when in blossom, has a very
beautiful appearance on the dry parched savannahs, from the
bright yellow of the flowers contrasting with the deep green
of the leaves.

3. * Ceesalpinia Crista. Oval-leaved Brasiletto.
Prickly very glabrous, pinnae 1-3-paired, leaflets
obovate generally obcordate, racemes simple, pedicels
3 times longer than the flower, petals shorter than
the calyx.

Cffisalpinia polyphylla aculeis horrida, Plum. Gen. 26. t. 68.
— C. crista, Linn. Sp. 544.

330 CALYCIFLOR-fc.

HAB. Jamaica?

FL. ?

' 4. Csesalpinia coriaria. Divi-divi, or Libi-dibi.

Unarmed glabrous, pinnae 6-7-paired, leaflets 15-
25-paired linear obtuse, racemes panicled, pedicels
shorter than the flower, legume laterally incurved
spongy submultilocular.

Willd. Spec. II. 532.— Poinciana Coriaria, Jacq. Am. 123.
t. 175. f. 36. — C. coriaria, Kunth, Mim. t. 45.

HAB. The Spanish- Town road, near the 4 mile stone.
Near Halfway Tree Court-House.

FL. May and September, after rains.

A tree, 20-30 feet in height : branches spreading, at their
extremities terete, glabrous. Leaves at the ends of the short
branchlets, alternate, bipinnate ; pinnae 6-7-paired with an odd
one : leaflets 20— 24-paired, one-third of an inch in length,
lineari-oblong, rounded at the apex, unequally cordate at the
base, with a row of glandulose dots within the margin, entire,
glabrous : common petiole subterete, as also the partial ones
minutely puberulous. Stipules minute, deciduous. Raceme
a panicled thyrse, axillary, and terminal, shorter than the leaf,
composed of a number of pedicelled fragrant white flowers
crowded together. Common peduncle divided : pedicels short,
about a line in length. Sepals 5, subconcave, rounded at the
apex, reflected ; the lowest one the largest, and subfornicated.
Four of the petals equal, rounded, clawed ; the fifth and upper
one lip-like, situated more interiorly, and shorter than the rest,
somewhat recurved, boat-shaped. Stamens 10, distinct: fila-
ments subulate, internally villous : anthers ovate. Ovary com-
pressed, glabrous : style slightly curved, coloured : stigma ob-
tuse. Legume oblong, laterally incurved, spongy, 8- seeded.

In some of the flowers there are only 8 stamens, and 4 sepals
and petals.

This, like the COULTERIA TINCTORIA, is a very valuable pi ant,
and promises, were the cultivation more general, to be of great
advantage to the Island. Like the Dibi-deri, it is very hardy,
and thrives in the hottest and driest situations, where scarcely
any other cultivation can be carried on. The pods are very rich
in the tannin principle, and are imported in considerable quan-
tities from Carthagena, to be employed in the tanning of leather.
It is only of late that the plant has been discovered to be indi-
genous to our own Island ; but the number of trees are as yet
too few to meet the demand. It might be planted with great
advantage in our dry pastures, affording a fine shade, and pro-
ducing its fruit frequently, and without any care being re-
quired.

LEGUMINOSJE. 331

XLVI. POINCIANA.

Calycine sepals 5, unequal, united at the base into
a persistent cupule ; the lowest one hooded. Petals
5, clawed ; the upper one diffbrmed. Stamens 10,
very long, all perfect ; filaments hirsute at the base.
Style very long, Legume piano-compressed, 2-val-
ved, submultilocular with spongy isthmi : seeds ob-
ovate, compressed ; endopleura a gelatinous fluid j
cotyledons plane ; plumule oval. — De Cand.

Named, by Tournefort, in memory of De Poinci, Governor
of the Antilles, a patron of Botany.

Poinciana pulcherrima. Barladoes Flower-fence or
Pride.

Prickly, leaflets obovate, calyx smooth, petals fim-
briated on a long claw.

Senna spuria arborea spinosa, foliis alatis ramosis seu decora-
positis, flore ex luteo et rubro specioso, Sloane, II. 49. — Csesal-
pinia pulcherrima, Swartz, Obs. 166. — Poinciana aculeata,
Browne, 225. — P. puleherrima, Jacq. Amer. 122.— De Cand.
Prod. II. 484.

HAB. Dry thickets. River-courses. Liguanea.

FL. Throughout the year.

This prickly shrub is usually about 10 feet in height. The
flowers are very showy, red or less frequently yellow, with long
stamens, arranged in a terminal corymb. It is supposed to
have originally been a native of the East Indies. It appears,
however, from Sloane, to have been common at a very early
period after the discovery of the Island. It is stated by Ligon,
that it was brought to Barbadoes from the Cape de Verd
Islands.

The leaves when bruised have a smell resembling that of
savine, and the infusion, as also that of the flowers, is considered
a powerful emmenagogue, so as even to bring on abortion.
The leaves are also said to be purgative, and to have been used
as a substitute for senna. The seeds, in powder, are stated
to form a remedy for the belly-ach. It has been proposed to
employ the shrub itself in making fences ; but it is not well
adapted for this purpose, from the branches being long and not
much subdivided, and few and naked towards the root.

XLVII. H^MATOXYLON. Logwood.
Calycine sepals 5, coalescing at the base into a short

332 CALYCIFLORJE.

subpersistent tube ; segments deciduous, oblongo-ob-
tuse. Petals 5, scarcely longer than the calyx. Sta-
mens 10, with the filaments pilose at the base, and
the anthers eglandulose. Style capillary. Legume
compressed-plane, lance-shaped, acuminate at both
ends, 1 -celled, 2-seeded ; sutures closed, bursting
longitudinally at the middle of the valves : seeds
transversely oblong ; cotyledons 2-lobed. — De Cand.

There is only one species belonging to this genus. Name,
derived from a//Aa blood, and £uXov wood, either from the colour
of the decoction, being that of dark Venous blood ; or, more
probably, from the red colour of the inner bark and wood.

1. Haematoxylon Campechianum. Campeachy Log-
wood.

Lignum Campechianum, Cat. Car. III. t. 66. — Sloane, II. t.
10. f. 1 — 4. — Hsematoxylon spinosum, Browne, 221.

HAB. Common.

FL. After the May and Autumnal rains.

A low spreading tree ; stem generally crooked and difformed,
seldom thicker than a man's thigh ; branches somewhat flexu-
ose, terete, albido-punctate ; in mountain and moist situations
unarmed ; in the plains or where the tree is stunted, furnished
with spines below the leaves. Leaves 2-4 from the same point
(an irregular rough tubercular prominence), pinnate, sometimes
dividing in a bipinnate manner at the lowest pair of leaflets ;
leaflets 4-paired, shortly petiolulated, obovate or obcordate.
Racemes at first about the length of the leaf, afterwards, as the
pods form, elongating. Flowers on pedicels half an inch in
length, yellow, slightly fragrant. Calyx deeply 5-partite; lobes
unequal, thin, membranaceous, purpurascent, deciduous ; tube
short, green, bell-shaped. Petals subequal, obovate, wedge-
shaped at the base, scarcely longer than the sepals. Stamens
alternately short, inserted, as also the petals on the inside of the
margin of the persistent tube of the calyx : anthers ovate. Ovary
lanceolate, compressed, 3-ovuled : style projecting beyond the
stamens and petals : stigma capitate-expanded. Pods com-
pressed, plane, lanceolar, acuminate at both ends, 1-celled, 2-
seeded, not opening at the sutures, but bursting longitudinally
by a division passing down through both of the valves.

The Logwood is originally a native of Campeachy. It was
introduced from Honduras in 1715. Few plants have been so
completely naturalized. It thrives in every situation, with the
exception of the loftier mountains, and, with the Opoponax and
Casiiaw, occupies our plains. It is cut up into logs for exporta-
tion. The inner bark and the wood are red ; the latter is very

LEGUMINOSJE. 333

hard, and towards the centre dark, and is so heavy as to sink
in water. It has a sweetish astringent taste, but little or no
smell. Infused in water or alcohol it gives out at first a fine
red colour with a shade of purple ; but as the process is con-
tinued, it becomes gradually deeper, and at last almost black.

According to Chevreul, Logwood contains a volatile oil, tan-
nin, a yellow colouring matter, and acetates'of lime and potash.
But the most remarkable of its constituents is the newly dis-
covered substance to which the name of Hematin has been
given. It was obtained by Chevreul by evaporating the fil-
tered watery infusion to dryness ; digesting the residue in alco-
hol, which on being again filtered and evaporated yielded crys-
tals of Hematin of a reddish white colour. This principle is
supposed to constitute the colouring matter of Logwood.

The principal consumption of Logwood is in dyeing. When
of a good quality it yields from T'j to ^L of pure colouring mat-
ter. No colouring substance affords so great a variety of dyes.
Chips of it boiled in water acidulated with sulphuric acid afford
a brownish yellow decoction, which communicates to wool a
bright snuff colour of considerable durability. If nitric acid
be substituted, the infusion becomes a bright yellow ; and if
muriatic acid, a brownish yellow. Alum throws down a pur-
ple or reddish violet precipitate ; sulphate of iron, a copious
bluish black ; sulphate of copper, a purplish blue ; the solutions
of tin, purple or violet ; sulphate of pure zinc, a dark purple ;
muriate of antimony, a beautiful crimson ; acetate of lead, a
black precipitate with a slight reddish tinge ; muriate of barytes,
a reddish purple ; sulphate of lime, a purple ; arseniate of pot-
ash, a deep yellow.

The salts of tin as mordants give the best and most perma-
nent of the purple or violet colours obtained from Logwood,
and the sulphate of copper or verdigris, a blue of little bright-
ness or permanency, but recommended by its cheapness.

Logwood is principally employed in dyeing, to give a lustre
and velvety cast to blacks, and for greys of certain shades. It
also affords certain compound colours which it would be difficult
to obtain of equal beauty and variety from colouring matters of
a more permanent nature. The great disadvantage indeed of
the dyes obtained from Logwood is their want of permanency.

I need scarcely add that the infusion of Logwood is an im-
portant material in ink-making.

The wood of this tree, from its great hardness and compact-
ness, takes a fine polish. I am not aware that it has as yet
come into use among our Cabinet-makers.

The tree itself makes a beautiful and strong fence. It is
usually established by means of young plants, which may be pro-
cured in great abundance wherever the old trees grow. They
should be all of nearly the same size and strength, and they ought
to remain untouched by the pruning-knife till the end of the

334 CALYCIFLOU^E.

second year. We may then commence, leaving the lower limbs
long, and gradually shortening the branches as we approach
the top, so that the fence may gradually taper up in a wedge-
like form. If treated in this manner, the Logwood forms a
hedge superior to almost any other, not excepting even the
Hawthorn, which, in appearance, it so much resembles. I may
instance the Logwood fences in Vere, which are trimmed in
this manner, and are equal to any of the Hawthorn fences to he
seen in England.

The Logwood is a powerful astringent, and may be employed
as a substitute for Kino, Catechu, or any other of this class of
remedies. In diarrhoea and chronic dysentery, the decoction is
used with great benefit. In Long's work, it is recommended
to take 2 oz. of the chips, and a quart each of milk and of water,
and to boil the whole down to one quart ; of which, a tea-cupful
is to be given every 3 hours. As an external application, on
one occasion the leaves, beat up into a pulp with a little tur-
pentine added, were 'applied to a phagedenic sore, of a very
obstinate character, with the best effects.

XLVIII. PARKINSONIA.

Calycine sepals 5, equal, patenti-reflected, shortly
united at the base. Petals 5, ovate, plane : the up-
per one subrotund, with the claw long. Style fili-
form, subascending. Legume lineari-oblong, acumi-
nate at both ends, torose : seeds oblong ; endopleura
tumid j cotyledons oblong ; radicle ovate j hilum
linear. — De Cand.

Named, by Plumier, after John Parkinson, Apothecary in
London, author of some Botanical works.

1 . Parkinsonia aculeata. Jerusalem Thorn.

Browne, 222. — Jacq. Amer. 121. t. 80.

HAB. In the vicinity of houses: probably from cultivation.

FL. Throughout the year.

A prickly shrub, 12-15 feet in height : prickles solitary or
in threes. Leaves pinnated ; leaflets frequently deciduous or
abortive : petiole very long, linear, winged. Racemes loose.
Petals yellow ; the upper one variegated with reddish spots.

This is a very ornamental shrub, of quick growth.

XLIX. TAMARINDUS.

Calycine sepals 5, united at the base into a tube,
with the limb free and reflected ; three of them are
oblong ; two inferior, connate into a single lobe,

LEGUMINOS.S. 335

broad, binervose, and frequently bidentate at the
apex. Petals 3, alternate with the superior sepals ;
2 of them ovate and hooded at the middle. Stamens
9-10 ; 2-3 longer than the rest, monadelphous, an-
ther-bearing ; 7 very short, sterile. Style subulate.
Legume pedicelled, scimitar-shaped, compressed, 1-
celled, 3-6-seeded ; valves pulpy between the epi-
spermium and the endospermium : seeds obliquely
truncated at the hilum, ovato-quadrate ; cotyledons
unequal at the base. — De Cand.

Name, Latinized from the Arabic Tamer-hindy, Indian-date.

1 . Tamarindus occidentalis. West-India Tamarind.

Legumes abbreviated the length scarcely 3 times
the breadth, 1-4-seeded by abortion.

Blackw. Herb. t. 201. — Jacq. Amer. 10. t. 18. et t. 179. f.
98.— Gartn. Fruct. II. 310. t. 146.— De Cand. Prod. II. 489.

HAB. Common in the plains.

FL. April.

A lofty spreading tree. Leaves alternate: leaflets 15-
paired, oblong, rounded or subemarginate at the apex, glabrous.
Racemes subterminal, half the length of the leaves.

I doubt the propriety of considering this as a distinct species
from the T. INDICA, or East-India Tamarind. The only dif-
ference between them is, that the pods of the West India tree
are much shorter and fewer-seeded, than those of the East India
variety ; the latter being 6 times broader than their length, and
8-12-seeded. This, however, may probably be owing to the
soil and climate in these Islands, not. being so congenial as in
their native region. We are informed by Ainslie,* that the
Tamarinds of Java and of the depending Island Madura, are
the best in India. In this Island, the tree bears most abun-
dantly in the rich deep mould of the plains.

The pulp of the Tamarind contains citric acid, malic acid,
supertartrate of potash, sugar, gum mucilage, and other vege-
table principles. The East- India Tamarinds are preserved
without sugar, being merely dried in the sun, when they are
intended to be exported from one part of the Archipelago to
another, and cured in salt when they are to be sent to Europe.
In the West Indies, the pulp is usually packed in small kegs
between layers of sugar, and hot syrup is poured on the whole.
In order to enable them to keep without fermentation for a

» Materia Indica, I. 426.

336 CALYCIFLORjE.

length of time, the first syrup, which is very acid, is poured off,
and a second is added. It is evident, that the East India Ta-
marinds, from the method in which they are preserved, must
be the best adapted for medicinal purposes. A very excellent
preserve is imported from Cura9oa, made from the unripe pods,
preserved in sugar, with the addition of spices.

The pulp of the Tamarind is cooling and laxative, of a grate-
ful acidulous sweetish taste, and without smell. It is stated
by Mr Rennie,* to be incompatible with infusion of senna
(having been found to weaken its effects), with the resinous
purgatives, with the tartrites of soda and potash, and with tar-
tar emetic. It is used infused in water to form a refreshing
beverage ; or is mixed with cassia or manna as a laxative ; or
is boiled with milk and strained, to make Tamarind whey, as
a cooling drink in fevers. A very good gargle for sore
throat may be prepared from the pulp of the fresh pods.
The seeds are eaten in times of scarcity by the poorer classes
of India. They are first toasted, and then soaked for a few
hours in water, when the skin comes off readily, leaving the
seed white and soft : they are lastly boiled or fried, and are
said to resemble the common field-bean in taste. The tree
itself is very ornamental, and affords a delightful shade. The
inhabitants of the East have a notion that it is dangerous to
sleep under it ; and, it may be remarked, that the ground is
bare and no plant appears to thrive under its branches.

The leaves have an acid taste, and an infusion of them,
according to Prosper Alpinus, is given as a vermifuge by the
Arabs to their children.

L. CASSIA. Cassia.

Calycine sepals 5, scarcely united at the base, more
or less unequal. Petals 5, unequal. Stamens 10,
free, unequal ; 3-4> inferior and long ; those in the
middle short, straight ; 2-3 superior with abortive
difformed anthers : anthers dehiscent at the apex.
Ovary stipitate, frequently arcuate. Legume vary-
ing.

This genus comprehends trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants.
Leaves alternate, and, in our Jamaica species, abruptly pinnated.
Petioles generally glanduliferous. Several of the species have
a purgative property — Name, of Hebrew derivation.

' New Supplement to the Pharmacopoeias, 433.

LEGUM1NOS.E. 337

SECT. 1. Calycine sepals obtuse. Anthers ovate, bi-
rimose at the apex. Legumes terete, multilocular
with transverse partitions ; cells filled with pulp :
seeds horizontal.

1 . * Cassia Brasiliana ? Horse Cassia.

Leaflets 10-20-paired ovali-oblong equal at the
base submucronate at the apex puberulous above softly
tomentose-hairy beneath, younger leaves tomentose,
racemes axillary shorter than the leaf, legumes com-
pressed rugose very long. — De Cand.

Cassia nigra sea fistulosa secunda si ve Cassia fistula Brasili-
ana, Sloane, II. 44?—- C. foliis plurimis oblongis pinnatis, flore
rubello, siliquis maximis, crassioribus, trinerviis, Browne, 223 ?
— C. Javanica, Lunan's Hort. Jam. I. 383 ?

HAB. Cultivated.

FL. January — March.

2. Cassia fistula. Purging Cassia.

Leaflets 4-6-paired ovate subacuminate glabrous
eglandulose, racemes lax ebracteated, legumes terete
straight subobtuse glabrous.

Gcertn. Fruct. II. t. 147. f. 1.— Woodville, Med. Bot. t. 163.
— Lam. Bot. 111. t. 332. — Lunaris Hort. Jam. I. 164.

HAB. Not indigenous. Common in low warm situations.

FL. April.

This tree varies in size: it is sometimes lo\v and irregular;
at other times lofty and spreading, from 40-50 feet in height.
The leaflets are in some specimens distinctly acuminate. Ra-
cemes subsimple, pendulous, making their appearance in the
spring, when the old leaves are shed, and previous to the
development of the new ones. The flowers are large, showy,
yellow, and slightly fragrant.

This is a native of the East Indies, introduced into the warmer
parts of America, where it is now naturalized. The pods are
commonly exposed for sale in the Kingston market. The pulp
is of a shining brownish-black colour, and of a sweet taste.
It has the smell of decayed fruit; is viscid and soluble in
water. An extract is prepared by bruising the pods with the
seeds, dissolving in boiling water, straining through a horse-
hair sieve, and reducing by boiling to a proper consistence.
The dose is about an ounce or two of the extract, or double the
quantity of the pulp. It acts as a mild laxative, very pleasant
to tin: taste, and very gentle in its operation. It is contra-

VOL. I. z

338 CALYCI FLORA:.

indicated in debility of the stomach and bowels, attended with
flatulence or acidity. The analysis of 20 parts of Cassia gives,
according to Henry: sugar 12.20; gum 1.35; tanning matter
2.65 ; traces of gluten (?) ; a small proportion of colouring
matter ; water and loss 3.80.

The roots of this tree are branched, smooth, and large, and
contain a bitter principle, said to be febrifuge, and capable of
being employed as a substitute for Quinine. M. Caventou, who
made some investigations into the subject, regards it as a
powerful diuretic, and found that, like rhabarbarin and colocyn-
thine, it forms combinations, slightly soluble, with sulphuric,
nitric, and muriatic acids.

The seeds of the Cassia, in the dose of 4-6 drachms, are pur-
gative. The flesh of animals, which have fed on the leaves, is
also said to acquire this property.

SECT. 2. Sepals very obtuse. Anthers biporose at
the apex. Legumes terete, scarcely dehiscent,
thin, membranaceous, multilocular with transverse
partitions ; cells sparingly supplied with pulp :
seeds horizontal.

3. * Cassia melanocarpa. Black-podded Cassia.

Leaflets 2-paired ovato-lanceolate obtusely acumi-
nate shining above very glabrous as also the branch-
lets and petioles, lower leaflets smaller, a cylindrical
acute glandule between each pair, racemes peduncled
axillary, legumes straight terete. — De Cand.

Bertero, De Cand. Prod. II. 491.
HAB. Jamaica.
FL. ?

SECT. 3. Sepals subobtuse. Anthers biporose. Le-
gumes with the valves furnished with an acute
Jbliaceous wing, many-celled by transverse parti-
tions ; cells subpulpose : seeds horizontally placed,
compressed, in general obcordate.

4>. Cassia alata. Ring-worm Shrub.

Leaflets 8-12-paired, lower ones in general lineari-
oblong, terminal pair always obovato-oblong, glabrous
on both sides or puberulous on the under surface,
petioles eglandulose.

LEGUMINOS7E. 339

luglandis folio, Sloane, II. 59. pi. 175. f. 1.— Cassia herpe-
tica, Jacq, Obs. II. t. 45. f. 2 — C. alata, //. B. et Kunth, VI.
347.— Swartz, Obs. 162 De Cand. Prod. II. 492.

HAB. Fording of Sulphur River, near Bath. Near the
Ferry.

FL. Spring and Autumn.

An erect shrub, 6 feet and more in height : branches simple,
striated. Leaves large, 1-2 feet in length ; leaflets, the lowest
pair very close to the axilla, the terminal pair obovato-oblong,
the rest lineari- oblong, or oblong with the apex rounded, retuse
with an orange-coloured apicula in the indentation ; subglabrous,
minutely punctulated, with numerous minute orange ovoid
glandules along the midrib on the upper surface ; pubescent be-
neath ; margined, penninerved : petiole incrassated at the base,
3-quetrous, plane on the upper surface with the edge raised so
as to approach subalate, and with the channel thus formed di-
vided by isthmi, connecting the opposite pairs of petiolules, upon
which may be detected numerous minute setaceous black abor-
tive glandules ; the under side of the petiole sharply keeled.
Stipules about an inch in length, lanceolate-falcate, auriculated
at the base on the inner side ; the margin reflected, and incras-
sated, and more or less of an orange colour. Racemes spiked,
a foot or more in length, terminal, erect, bearing numerous
large showy yellow flowers. Pedicels very short. Bracteas
large, roundish-obovate, generally eroded at the apex, concave,
thin, diaphanous, yellow, loosely imbricated, concealing the
flower, deciduous. Sepals subequal, similar in every respect to
the bracteas, but much smaller, and with the apex rounded.
Petals clawed, roundish, undulato-fimbriated, subequal ; one
of them more concave than the rest. Stamens, the two largest
with the anthers abortive recurved and retuse at the apex;
another but half their size but similar to them in every other
respect ; four others, with fertile anthers, of a still smaller size ;
the three last and smallest abortive. Ovary stipitate, recurved,
minutely puberulous : stigma obtuse. Pod about 10 inches in
length.

This is the most showy of our native Cassias. After flower-
ing, a young shoot makes its appearance near the root, and the
old stem decays and dies. Ants are very fond of the flowers.
The juice of the leaves and buds have been employed in the
cure of ring-worm, and other cutaneous diseases. The infusion
has been used, as a tepid bath, in similar cases. The flowers
and young leaves, beat into a pulp, make an excellent poultice
for the superficial sores which follow some varieties of impetigo
and rupia.

340 CALYCIFLOR^E.

SECT. 4. Sepals obtuse. Anthers %-pored. Le-
gumes membranaceous broad piano-compressed
plurilocular with transverse partitions, scarcely
dehiscent, torose at the seeds, scarcely pulpy with-
in : seeds vertical, generally obcordate.

5. Cassia obovata. Obovate-leaved Senna.

Leaflets 6-7-paired obovate obtuse, petiole eglan-
dulose, legumes piano-compressed arcuate subcristate
at the middle tumid. — De Cand.

Senna secunda Italic-it s. foliis obtusis, Sloane, II. 47 Cas-
sia senna, Swartz, Obs. 161.— C. Portu-regalis, Bancroft, MS.

HAB. Common, near the town of Port-Royal.

FL. Throughout the year.

This is, in my opinion, an introduced plant, originally a na-
tive of Egypt. The leaves are very generally employed as a
substitute for the Senna of the shops.

SE.CT, 5. Sepals obtuse. Anthers oblong, 2-pored.
Legumes compressed, dehiscent, with the sutures
slightly tumid, multilocular with transverse more
or less complete partitions ; cells not pulpy. Seeds
vertical, parallelly compressed by the valves.

6. Cassia sericea. Silky Cassia,

Leaflets 3-4-paired sericeo-pilose oval, a subulate
glandule between every pair of leaflets, legumes hir-
sute subtetragonal transversely subarticulated.

Swartz, FL Ind. Occ. 724 — Dec. Prod. II. 493.— C. Sensi-
tiva, Jacq. Ic. Ear. t. 459.

HAB. Subalpine pastures — Hills of St Dorothy and St
John's.

FL. August — September.

Suffruticose, erect, about 3 feet in height, angular, pilose
towards the extremities. Leaflets mucronate: petiole com-
pressed, channelled above, pilose. Stipules an inch long, linear,
sericeo-pilose. A long subulate orange tipped glandule be-
neath each pair of leaflets. Peduncles axillary, shorter than
the leaf, bearing several rather small yellow flowers. Bracteas
linear, larger than the flower. Sepals subrotund, with one as
it were superior and rather larger. Petals subequal, with two
inferior more concave. Stamens 4 minute, sterile; 4 in the
middle small but fertile ; 2 longer. Ovary hirsute : style incli-
nate: stigma inflected, capitato-depressed. Legumes erect,

LEGUMINOS^S. 341

subtetragonal, subarticulate from the seeds, hirsute : seeds
oblong, truncated at both ends.

7- Cassia obtusifolia. Blunt-leaved Cassia.

Leaflets 3-paired obovate rounded at the apex
with an apicula pubescent, a stalked oblongo-cylindri-
cal glandule between the lowest pair, stipules lineari-
subulate, pods long gracile recurved.

Swartz, Obs. 158. — De Cand, Prod. II. 493.

HAB. Common in waste places.

FL. September, October.

Suffruticose, 1-2 feet in height, suberect: branches at their
extremities striated, pubescent, slightly scabrous. Leaflets, the
outermost pair the largest : common petiole about 3 inches in
length, 3-gonal, pubescent. Stipules half an inch in length,
linear. Flower-stalk axillary, solitary, very short, dividing
into 2 pedicels : pedicels about an inch in length, anguloso-sul-
cated, 1-flowered, furnished at their insertion with a lanceolate
ciliated bractea. Calycine sepals unequal, the two outer being
the smallest, and oblong ; the three inner elliptic, blunt, paral-
lelly 5-nerved, ciliated. Petals subequal, clawed, obovato-
oblong, veined ; the two lower rather smaller than the rest, and
contiguous ; the rest spreading. Stamens 7-8, fertile, subequal ;
3-4 minute, abortive. Ovary linear, cylindrical, arcuate, lon-
gitudinally sulcated, puberulous : style short : stigma obtuse,
excavated, puberulous. Legume about 5 inches long, cylindri-
cal, arcuate, curved, puberulous, many-seeded : seeds ovate,
angular.

8. Cassia viminea. Trailing-branched Cassia.

Leaflets 2-paired glabrous ovato-oblong acuminate,
an oblong acute glandule between the lowest pair,
petiole with an awn beneath at the extremity.

Senna spuria 4-phylla, siliqua lata compressa, Sloane, II. t.
180. f. 6 et 7. — C. viminea, Swartz, Obs. 156.

HAB. Common in mountain thickets.

FL« Autumn.

A trailing shrub, ascending to a considerable height by
throwing its long slender branches over neighbouring rocks
and trees; extremities of the branches anguloso-sulcated (the
furrows parallel), pubescent. Leaflets the outer pair the
largest, unequal at the base, shortly petiolulated, shining above.
Stipules setaceous. Racemes terminal, and axillary, many-
flowered. Flowers rather large, showy, yellow. Sepals and
petals subunequal. Stamens subequal, with the exception oi

342 CALYCIFLOR^:.

the uppermost pair, which are very small. Ovary arcuate, in-
curved, cylindrical, puberulous. Legume ?

I regret omitting to examine the fruit of this species. Swartz
merely describes it as short and compressed.

9. Cassia biflora. Two-flowered Cassia.

Leaflets 6-8-paired ovali-oblong or obovate mucro-
nate subglabrous, with a pedicelled conical glandule
between the lowest pair, peduncles axillary two toge-
ther, each 2-flowered shorter than the leaf.

C. fruticosa, foliis minoribns obovatis, floribus geminis s.
bigeminatis, Browne, Jam. 223. — C. minor, siliquis planis,
Plum. ed. Burm. t. 78. f. 1.— C. biflora, Sims, Bot. Mag. 810.

HAB. Common on the Windward road.

FL. October — December.

A shrub, 3-5 feet in height : branchlets terete, glabrous.
Leaflets usually 7-paired, petiolulated, somewhat obovate to-
wards the base, glabrous: petiole channelled above, minutely
puberulous. Stipules deciduous. Peduncles axillary, two to-
gether, filiform, about an inch in length, each 2 flowered :
flowers showy yellow, on a pedicel the length of the common
peduncle : 1 or 2 pedicelled orange-coloured glandules at the
divisions of the peduncle. Sepals unequal, subrotund, concave.
Petals unequal ; the two smallest clawed, oblongo-spathulate ;
the largest one dimidiate- or falcato-oblong. Stamens, 5 of them
with fertile anthers. Ovary linear, compressed, curved, glab-
rous. Legumes linear, compressed, glabrous, about 20-seeded.

10. Cassia fulgens. Showy -flowered Cassia.

Leaflets 8— 10-paired obovato-oblong narrowing
and unequilateral at the base rounded with a minute
awn at the apex subglabrous, glandules, one between
the two lowest pairs of leaflets, racemes 3-6-flowered
somewhat longer than the leaf.

C. crista, Jacq. Ic. Rar. I. 74 ?

HAB. Common, Port- Royal mountains.

FL. June — November.

A shrubby tree, 8—16 feet in height : branches subterete,
pubescent towards their extremities. Leaves about 3 inches
in length : leaflets rounded, with a minute awn at the apex,
narrowing and unequilateral towards the base, glabrous, except
the lower third of the under surface of the midrib, which is
pubescent : petiole as well as the petiolule pubescent. Stipules
2 an inch in length, setaceo-subulate, pubescent, deciduous.
Glandules, one between each of the two lowest pairs of leaflets,
pedicelled, ovate, acute. Raceme axillary, towards the ends of

LEGUMINOS^:. 343

the branches, somewhat longer than the leaf: peduncle pu-
bescent : pedicels about an inch in length, the four lowest in
pairs, accompanied with a glandule similar to those of the
petiole. Sepals unequal (the two innermost the largest),
roundish, concave. Petals large, showy, more or less concave,
veined. Stamens, the 3 largest with anthers arcuate, elongato-
filiform at the apex, with the pore 2-lipped, single, hiant ; the
4 central stamens with filaments short and thick, and anthers
large, recurved at the apex, biporose, filled with bright yellow
pollen ; the remaining 3 stamens, small, abortive. Ovary pedi-
celled, linear, arcuate, albido-villous with appressed hairs : style
short : stigma simple. Legume pedicelled, linear, glabrous,
14-16-seeded.

11. Cassia arborea. Lofty Cassia.

Leaflets 6-paired oblong rounded at both ends
emarginate and mucronulated at the apex puberu-
lous and pallido-glaucescent beneath, racemes ter-
minal panicled, legumes plane.

C. setigera, De Cand. Prod. II. 499. — C. gigantea, Bertero,
De Cand. Prod. II. 492.

HAB. Cultivated at the Botanic Garden, St Andrew's, and
elsewhere.

FL. Autumn.

A tree 30 feet in height, pyramidal in its growth. Leaflets
shortly petioluled, glabrous above, minutely puberulous and
glaucescent beneath : petiole pubescent. Stipules none. Ra-
cemes terminal, panicled ; common peduncle sub-compressed,
angulose, villoso-pubescent ; its divisions generally in pairs,
sub-simple, spreading : pedicels an inch in length, compressed,
villoso-puberulous, furnished at the base with a small subulate
deciduous bractea. Flowers numerous, showy, yellow. Caly-
cine sepals, the 2 outermost opposite, smaller than the rest,
thickish ; the three inner larger, thinner, and of lighter yellow;
all of them roundish, concave, puberulous, ciliated, spreading.
Petals, two of them larger than the rest, and one smaller ; all
of them roundish, obovate, concave, clawed, ciliated, rounded
and undulato-crisped at the apex. Stamens, the three lowest
small, abortive; the four intermediate in pairs, with fertile
2-pored anthers ; the three uppermost, two of them very large
and fertile, and the one between them abortive, and of the
same size as the intermediate. Ovary compressed, channelled
on the sides, puberulous : style terete, glabrous, hooked : stigma
on the under surface of the arched portion of the style, niveo-
pubescent. Legume about 8 inches long and \ an inch in
breadth, piano-compressed, many-celled by transverse septae :
seeds numerous, vertical.

344 CALYCIFLOIUE.

12. Cassia occidentalis. Common Cassia.

Leaflets 5-paired ovato-lanceolate scabro-ciliated,
a thick glandule at the base of the petiole, peduncles
short 2-4-flowered axillary and terminal, legumes
piano-compressed with the sutures calloso-tumidu-
lous.

Senna occidentalis, odore opii viroso, glabra, Sloane, II. t.
175. f. 3 et 4. — Cassia herbacea, major erecta ramosa, Browne,
II. 24. — C. occidentalis, Swartz, Obs. 159.

H AB . Common in the plains.

FL. Throughout the year.

An erect shrub, 3—4 feet in height : branches few, simple,
angulose, with two furrows passing down from each side of the
insertion of each petiole, slightly scabrous from minute subu-
late curved asperities situated in the furrows. LeaBets shortly
petiolulated, mucronate : petiole anguloso-sulcated, channelled
above, with a sessile glandule near the insertion. Stipules
lanceolato-falcate. Racemes axillary and terminal, short, usu-
ally 3-flowered. Flowers yellow, pedicelled, each furnished at
the insertion with a lanceolate bractea. Pedicels half an inch
in length, puberulous. Legume 4-5 inches long.

This very common weed has the character of being medici-
nal. A decoction of the root is said to be diuretic ; and that
of the leaves, taken internally, and applied externally, to be
useful in the cure of itch, and other cutaneous diseases, in the
human subject, and of mange in dogs and horses. The Negroes
employ it in the preparation of their baths and fomentations ;
and apply the leaves, smeared with a little candle grease, to
slight sores, as a substitute for adhesive plaster.

13. Cassia emarginata. Emarginate-leaved Cassia.

Leaflets 2-4-paired elliptic subemarginate or
rounded with a small awn at the apex glabrous above
pubescent beneath, petioles eglandulose, racemes axil-
lary crowded.

C. minor, Sloane, II. t. 180. f. 1-4. — C. emarginata, Swartz,
Obs. 157.

HAB. Common in dry savannahs, especially along tthe
Windward road.
- FL. April — June.

A shrubby tree, 10-15 feet in height, with spreading
branches, bearing the leaves at their extremities. Leaflets pe-
tiolulated, rounded at^the base, incano-pubescent beneath and ci-
liated, nerved, about an inch in length : petiole subterete, as
well as the petiolules pubescenti-hirsute. Stipules setaceo-sub-
ulate. Racemes axillary, crowded with the leaves at the ends

LEGUMINOS^. 345

of the branches, short. Flowers numerous, yellow, on filiform
pubescent pedicels, about an inch in length. Sepals unequal,
bluntish, more or less puberulous and ciliated. Petals clawed ;
one of them larger than the rest, oblong, concave, difformed,
twisted, with one side having the appearance of being eroded
by insects. Stamens, the three outermost distinct, smaller
than the rest, abortive, with the cells of their anthers longitudi-
nally slit open, but empty ; the remaining seven with large
quadrato-linear puberulous anthers, slightly incurved at the
apex, opening by two minute pores. Ovary stipitate, curved,
glabrous : style short : stigma simple. Legume about 9 inches
long, flattened, slightly curved, with the apex rostrate and
hooked, slightly tumid along the sutures, glabrous, black when
ripe, many-seeded : seeds separated by transverse partitions,
vertical, small in proportion, oblong, flattened, smooth, of a
brownish colour.

This is a very common tree along the sea coast in the neigh-
bourhood of Kingston, and affords the principal supply of fire-
wood for the use of the inhabitants of that city.

SECT. 6. Sepals bluntish. Petals subequal. Sta-
mens 5-10, subequal, all of them fertile : anthers
birimose at the apex. Legumes piano-compress-
ed : seeds vertical.

14. Cassia viscosa. Viscid Cassia.

Leaflets 2-paired elliptic apiculated unequal at the
base minutely puberulous beneath, stipules subulate,
petioles with a subulate glandule between the lowest
pair of leaflets and an aristate glandule between the
terminal pair, branches and legumes glanduloso-hir-
sute, raceme terminal.

H. B. et Kunth, Nov. Gen. Am. VI. 360.

HAB. Liguanea — not common.

FL. October — December.

Suffrutescent erect, 1-2 feet in height : branches terete,
hirsute with the hairs capitato-glandulose. Leaflets shortly pe-
tiolulated, glabrous above, minutely puberulous beneath : petiole
hirsute with glanduloso-capitate hairs, bearing a minute subu-
late bristly glandule between each pair of leaflets. Stipules
subulate : racemes terminal, short, about 5-flowered. Flowers
small, yellow, shortly pedicelled. A small ovate acute hirsute
bractea at the insertion of the pedicel, and a minute subopposite
pair about the middle. Sepals unequal ; externally hirsute ; 2
of them obtuse ; 3 narrower and subacute. Petals subequal,
spathulate, veined. Stamens 5, unequal, but all of them appa-
rently perfect ; anthers biporose at the apex. Ovary compress-

346 CALYCIFLOR.E.

ed : style short : stigma obtuse. Legume linear, compressed,
glanduloso-hirsute, 7-seeded.

SECT. 7« Sepals acuminate, subequal. Stamens 10
or fewer by abortion. Anthers oblong, biporose.
Legumes piano-compressed, dehiscent : seeds ver-
tical.— Leaves folded up during sleep.

15. Cassia glandulosa. Broom Cassia.
Suffruticose erect, leaflets 15- 18 -paired lineari-ob-
long mucronate glabrous above puberulous beneath
and ciliated, petiole rufescenti-pubescent, glandule
pedicelled close below the lowest pair of leaflets, pe-
dicels 3-4 supra-axillary fasciculate short 1 -flowered,
legumes 8-seeded.

De Cand. Prod. II. 503 — Honker, BoL Mag. 3435.

HAB. Common in the mountains.

FL-. Greater part of the year.

Erect, fruticose, about 2 feet in height ; branches alternate,
subsimple, terete, brownish-hairy, compressed and angular at the
ends. Leaflets 17-paired, lineari-oblong, mucronate, unequal
at the base, ciliated, glabrous, and minutely punctulated above,
rufescenti-puberulous and the nerves coloured beneath. Pe-
tiole compressed, coloured, rufescenti-puberulous, 2-3 inches
long. Glandule close below the lowest pair of leaflets, stalked.
Stipules small, lanceolate with the apex attenuated. Flowers
3-4 together, on filiform pedicels, supra-axillary. Bracteas
lanceolate, attenuated, situated at the base of the pedicels.
Calyx bibracteolated : sepals subequal, lineari-lanceolate, acute,
pilose on the back. Petals subrotund, clawed, the lowest much
larger than the rest, obcordate, spreading; the other four
obovate, concave, erect. Stamens 10; 3 of them long perigy-
DOUS, incurved, tinged with blood-colour towards the apex ; two
very short; the remaining 5 intermediate, yellow: anthers bi-
porose. Ovary silky-villous, compressed : style incurved, sub-
ulate : stigma silky. Legumes nearly two inches long, with
the apex acute, and the margin incrassated, brown-pubescent,
8-seeded : seeds black, rhomboidal.

16. Cassia Chamaecrista. Cane-piece sensitive-
plant.

Erect, leaflets 10-12-jugate oblongo-linear mucro-
nate, glandule sessile beneath the lowest pair, pedicels
2-3 supra-axillary fasciculated shorter than the pe-
tiole, legumes hispidulous.

Browne, 225 — Swartz, Obs. 164.

LEGUMINOS.S:. 347

HAB. Cane-piece intervals, in seasonable districts.

FL. November.

Herbaceous, erect, a foot or more in height. Leaflets glab-
rous. Flowers rather small, yellow. Calyx bibracteolated ;
sepals linear, acute. Legume piano-compressed, about an inch
in length.

17. Cassia pilosa. Hairy Cassia.

Ascending, leaflets 5-paired lineari-oblong mucro-
nate ciliated, petioles eglandulose, branches and pe-
tioles hispid with long patent hairs, pedicels 2-4
supra-axillary length of the leaf bibracteated at the
base.

Swarfz, Obs. 160.— De Cand. Prod. II. 502.

HAB. Common in Cane-piece intervals.

FL. November, December.

Suffruticose, 1-2 feet in length : branches spreading, ascend-
ing, rubescent on one side, pilose. Leaflets 4-5 paired, sub-
sessile, rounded at the apex and mucronate, subglabrous above,
sparingly pilose beneath, ciliated, about an inch in length: pe-
tiole pilose, eglandulose. Stipules falcato-lanceolate, ciliated,
striated. Common peduncle scarcely any, supra-axillary, soli-
tary, dividing into 2-4 filiform l-flo\vered pedicels of the same
length as the leaf. Bracteas t\vo, lanceolato-attenuated, cilia-
ted, situated at the base of the pedicels : a pair of small ovato-
lanceolate ciliated bracteoles at a short distance from the calyx.
Sepals sub-equal, oblongo-lanceolate with the apex obtuse and
mucronate, pilose. Petals 5, sub-equal, roundish, slightly clawed,
concave, with the margin undulated. Stamens 10; of which
2 are minute short and sterile ; 3 filiform, capitate ; and 5 sub-
equal with fertile anthers. Ovary linear, villous : style short,
recurved : stigma simple. Legume an inch and a half in
length, piano-compressed, pubescent: seeds about 10.

18. Cassia smaragdina. Emerald Green Cassia.

Subprocumbent, leaflets 10-17-paired linear mu-
cronate puberulous, petiole pubescent bearing a sessile
glandule below the lowest pair of leaflets, pedicels
about 4 fasciculate one-flowered supra-axillary, legumes
pilose.

HAB. Common in the mountain districts.

FL. Great part of the year.

Stem dividing near the root into several branches ;' branches
subsimple, procumbent near the base, afterwards ascending,
terete, pubescent. Leaflets ciliated, parallelly veined : common

348 CALYCIFLOIUE.

petiole about 2 inches in length, angulose, pubescent. Glandule
situated on the petiole close to the lowest pair of leaflets, sessile,
cup-shaped. Stipules lanceolate, attenuated, auriculated at the
base on the lower edge, longitudinally nerved, ciliated. Flowers
rather small, yellow, pedicelled, supra-axillary, £ of an inch in
length, about 4 together, sometimes two or three on a common
short peduncle. Bracteas lanceolate, attenuated, acuminate, cili-
ated, at the base of the pedicels ; and a similar pair below the
calyx. Calycine sepals sub-unequal, lanceolate, acute, ciliated,
pilose. Petals sub-unequal. Stamens 10 : anthers biporose.
Ovary compressed, sericeo-villous : style hooked : stigma look-
ing towards the torus, capitato-depressed. Legume an inch or
more in length, apiculated with a small persistent portion of
the style, pilose, 9-seeded : seeds rhomboidal, compressed.

I have given the specific name from the beautiful bright
green of the leaflets.

19. Cassia pygmaea. Pigmy Cassia.

Prostrate, leaves 4-7-paired, branches subglabrous,
leaflets linear mucronate, petioles pubescenti-hairy
bearing a pedicelled glandule near the base, pedicels
solitary axillary 1 -flowered longer than the leaf bi-
bracteated above the middle, legumes pubescenti-
hirsute.

C. repens, Swartz, Obs. 161. — C. pygmsea, Bertero, De Cand.
Prod. II. 502.

HAB. Pastures, Liguanea.

FL. After the October rains.

Stem prostrate, filiform, glabrous, sub-ramose. Leaflets
2-4 lines in length, minutely serrulato-ciliated : petiole pubes-
cent at the base. Stipules ovato-lanceolate, sub-ciliated. Flowers
axillary, solitary, peduncled : peduncle at first shorter, after-
wards longer than the leaf, 1 -flowered, filiform, glabrous, bear-
ing a pair of lanceolate bracteas above the middle. Calycine
sepals subequal, lanceolate, deciduous. Ovary appresso-seri-
ceous : stigma obtuse. Legume hairy.

20. * Cassia virgata. Twiggy Cassia.

Erect, leaflets 10-paired ovato-lanceolate mucronate
villous beneath, glandule pedicelled beneath the
lowest pair, pedicels 1 -flowered axillary double the
length of the petiole hairy.

Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 728.

HAB. ?

. FL. • ?

LEGUMINOS^E. 349

Shrubby, 2-3 feet in height : branches virgate, flexuose, pu-
bescent. Leaflets sessile, villous with the hairs flavo-virescent.
Flowers rather large, fulvous. Sepals lanceolate, pubescent.
Legumes linear, compressed, margined, glabrous, many-seeded.
— Sw.

21. * Cassia lineata. Lineated Cassia.

Erect, leaflets 5-paired oblong obtuse mucronulated
pubescent beneath glabrous above as also the branches
and petioles, glandule sessile at the base of the pe-
tiole, pedicels axillary and lateral 1 -flowered, legumes
hairy. — De Cand.

Swartz, FL Ind. Occ. 726.

HAB. Common, Swartz.

FL. ?

Stem suffruticose, 1-3 feet in height, glabrous. Leaflets
pubescent beneath. Flowers rather large, yellow. Legume
2-5 inches in length, linear, acinaciform, compressed, margined,
hairy : seeds 10—12, subrotund, slightly compressed. — It ap-
proaches, according to Swartz, to C. PILOSA.

LI. HYMENJEA. Locust-Tree.

Calyx bibracteolated at the base, 5-partite (some-
times 4-partite from 2 of the lobes being united into
one). Petals 5, subequal, glandulose. Stamens 10,
distinct. Legume woody, 1 -celled, fariniferous,
many-seeded : embryo straight.

Trees. Leaves bifoliate — It is named after Hymen the
god of Marriage, from the leaves growing in pairs.

1. Hymensea Courbaril. Leathery-leaved Locust-
Tree.

Leaflets leathery indistinctly veined, unequal at
the base oblong shortly and obtusely acuminate, pani-
cle with the flowers peduncled, legumes not tubercu-
lated.

Browne, 221.— Lam. III. t. 330. f. 1 Dec. leg. Mem. XII.

t. 26. f. 120.

HAB. Common in Liguanea, and in the Plains of St Eliza-
beth.

FL. July.

A lofty spreading tree. Extremities of the branchlets terete,
marked with ferruginous reticulated prolonged scales. Leaves

350 CALYCIFLOK;K.

alternate, petiolated, binate: leaflets oblong, unequal at the
base, entire, obtusely acuminate, coriaceous, nerved, subvenose,
dark green above, paler with minute dark green punctse be-
neath. Panicles terminal, peduncled. Bracteas membranace-
ous, deciduous, leaving on the pedicels annular scars. Calycine
sepals 4, deciduous, one of them capable of being divided into
two ; the two outermost thickish, coloured with purple, the
others partially so, ovate, obtuse. Petals 5, white, ovate, thin,
pellucido- punctate. Stamens 10, distinct, filiform, subulate,
not inflated, nearly an inch and a half long, white : anthers ob-
long. Ovary pedicelled, oval, compressed: style filiform, curved :
stigma simple. Legume woody, ovato-oblong, 1 -celled, farini-
ferous, about 3-seeded ; externally of a chocolate colour, rough.

This is a lofty tree, said to have been introduced from the
Continent of South America. It is very valuable in many re-
spects. The mealy substance, in which the seeds are enclosed,
is sweet and pleasant to the taste, and is much relished by the
Indians of the Continent. It is apt to purge when recently
gathered, but loses this property as it becomes old. A decoc-
tion of the pulp, allowed to ferment, forms an intoxicating
drink resembling beer. A fine transparent resin of a yellow-
ish or red colour exudes between the principal roots. It is the
Gum Animi of the shops. It requires highly rectified spirits
of wine to dissolve it, and makes the finest varnish that is
known, superior even to the Chinese lacca. It burns readily,
emitting a grateful and fragrant smell, and has been employed
by way of fumigation in attacks of spasmodic asthma, and
other embarrassments of respiration. In solution, it is given
internally in doses of a teaspoonful, as a substitute for Gum
Guaiacum, for rheumatic and pseudo-syphilitic complaints, and
employed externally as an embrocation. From this resin an
oil may be distilled. A decoction of the inner bark is said to
act as a vermifuge. The wood is considered an excellent tim-
ber ; is extremely hard, of a close texture, and is so heavy that
a cubic foot, according to Jacquin, weighs about a cwt. It takes
a fine polish, and is well adapted for making the cogs of wheels
in machinery.

The American locust tree is a species of ROBINIA, and that
of Scripture is the CERATONJA SILIQUA.

LII. BAUHINIA.

Sepals 5, concrete into a 5-fid or laterally-cleft
membranaceous calyx. Petals 5, oblong, subunequal,
with the upper one generally distant from the rest.
Stamens 10, submonadelphous : anthers 5-7-9 of
them barren. Ovary pedicelled, long. Legume 1-
celled, 2-valved, many-seeded : seeds oval, compressed.

LEGUMINOS.*:. 351

Named after two brothers, John and Caspar Bauhin, botli
of them distinguished in Botany. The leaves are bilobed, as if
from the union of two single leaves.

1. Bauhinia porrecta. Mountain Ebony.

Leaves cordate puberulous along the under surface
of the nerves, as also the petioles and branchlets,
leaflets united as far as the middle ovate acuminate
3-4> nerved, petals lanceolate.

Sennae spuriae aut Aspalatho affinis arbor siliquosa, foliis
binis, 'Sloane, I. 51. — Bauhinia foliis bilobis, spicis laxis termi-
nalibus, Browne, 286. — B. porrecta, Swartz, Prod. 66. — Jacq.
Schcenb. t. 100 — Sims, Bot. Mag. 1708.

HAB. Common : lower hills, in thickets.

FL. Throughout the year.

A shrub, about 6 feet in height : branches erect. Lobes of
the leaves 3-nerved, besides the middle nerve common to both ;
nerves subparallel. Racemes terminal. Flowers tinged with
red, or sometimes white. Nine of the stamens monadelphous
and sterile ; the tenth long, free, antheriferous.

B. AURITA, distinguished by " glabrous leaves, leaflets unit-
ed for J th of their length oblongo-lanceolate 8»nerved, and pe-
tals ovate," is said to be indigenous, although it has not been
noticed by any of the Botanists who have visited the Island.
B. PUBEscENsZte Cand. is probably a variety of B. TOMENTOSA
produced by cultivation, the latter being a very common shrub
in our gardens.

END OF VOLUME FIRST.

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