NRLF

B M

I

GIFT OF
Prof* W» A. Setchell

f, S

FLORA

Middlesex County, Massachusetts,

B Y

. Iv. DAME AND F\ S. COLLINS.

MALDEN :
MIDDLESEX INSTITUTE,

1888.

BIOLOGY LIBRARY

C. M. BARROWS & CO.,

PRINTERS,
2 NORTH MARKET STREET, BOSTON.

PEEFACB.

This catalogue has been a natural outgrowth of the
incorporation of the Middlesex Institute in 1881. The
results of numerous excursions in the vicinity of Maiden
encouraged wider research, leading to the exploration of
the entire county, with publication in view.

Works known to contain lists of county plants have
been carefully examined, among which are Bigelow's
" Florula Bostoniensis ;" Hitchcock's ''Report on the
Geology, etc., of Mass. ;" Emerson's " Trees and Shrubs
of Mass. ;" a " List of Plants in Maiden and Medford;"
the * ' Catalogue of the Davenport Herbarium ; " "A
partial list of the native flora of Waltham ; " a « « List of
introduced plants found in the vicinity of a wool- scouring
establishment" in North Chelmsford, by Rev. W. P.
Alcott ; and miscellaneous papers in the ' ' Proceedings of
the Boston Society of Natural History," Hovey's Magazine,
and other publications.

The verification of these lists has been no light task.
Where no specimen exists, where it has been /impossible
to find the original authority upon which a plant outside
its recognized limits has been reported, or where there is
a strong probability of wrong determination, the authors
have excluded such names from the catalogue, thinking it
better to lose several species which may be in the county
than admit one which would be justly open to criticism.
Various public and private collections have been examined
for rare species ; while holidays and vacations have been
for six years largely devoted to botanical expeditions
which have embraced within their scope, though very
imperfectly, every section of Middlesex.

M203882

The catalogue follows Gray's Manual in the classifica-
tion of the Phanerogams ; the following exceptions to the
order of the Manual are to be noted : species of Cyperus
are arranged according to Dr. Britton's " A Preliminary
List of North American Species of Cyperus, with Descrip-
tions of New Forms." Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, Vol. XIII.,
No. II.; species of Carex following Prof. Bailey's "A
Preliminary Synopsis of North American Carices," etc.,
contributed April 14, 1886 to the Proceedings of the
Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences ; genera of Grasses
after Bentham and Hooker's Genera Plantarum.

The Cryptogams follow the arrangement suggested in
Gray's " Lessons in Botany," revised edition, 1887.
The nomenclature follows Gray in the North Am. Flora,
the Revision of the Ranunculaceae, and of Yiolacese ;
Coulter in the Umbelliferse ; Watson's Index elsewhere
in the Polypetalee ; and Morong in the Typhacese. In the
Cryptogams, the catalogue adopts the classification of
Engelmann on Isoetes, James and Lesquereux on Mosses,
and Farlow on marine Algse.

Many botanists have kindly contributed their services.
Dr. Gray determined the doubtful species of Composites,
more especially the Golden Rods and Asters. Dr. Sereno
Watson has given advice and information, and afforded
special facilities for work at the Gray Herbarium. Dr.
W. G. Farlow has rendered assistance in the Characese and
fresh water Algae. Mr. M. S. Bebb has gone over speci-
mens of our county willows, and contributed notes upon
several species. Rev. Thos. Morong has furnished
notes upon the Naiadacese, and a set of Potamogetons for
the county herbarium. Miss Clara E. Cummings has
revised the list of Mosses and Lichens, and Mr. Geo. E.
Davenport the ferns. Dr. D. F. Lincoln has given an
account of the geological characteristics of the soil.

Many of the earlier determinations in the Juncaceae
and Cyperacese were made by Mr. Wm. Boott ; the later,
in the genus Cyperus, by Dr. N. L. Britton, of Columbia
College, New York; in the genus Carex, by Prof. L.
H. Bailey, Jr., of the Agricultural College at Lansing,
Michigan ; in the Gramineae, from time to time, by Dr.
Geo. Vasey and Prof. F. Lamson Scribner, of the U. S.
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

Thanks are specially due to Dr. C. W. Swan, of Boston,
who has put at the disposal of the authors his valuable
herbarium, his extensive acquaintance with the county
flora, and his personal services from the beginning to the
end of the flora. Without his critical labors upon the
Carices and Gramineae, the catalogue could hardly have
been ready the present season . Thanks are due likewise to
W. H. Manning, Walter Deane, C. E. Faxon, Edwin
Faxon, Mrs. S. E. French, E. S. Hoar, Mrs. P. D.
Richards, Dr. F. Nickerson, C. W. Jenks, H. A. Young,
William Edwards, Rev. J. H. Temple, Miss A. M.
Symmes, Miss Emily F. Fletcher, and others whose names
appear in the following pages.

The catalogue does not claim to be exhaustive ; while
the Phanerogams, Vascular Cryptogams and marine
Algae are as complete, perhaps, as may be expected in any
list covering so much ground, many additions will
undoubtedly be made, more especially in the north-western
sections. The remaining Cryptogams are simply a con-
tribution for the benefit of special students.

PLAN OF CATALOGUE.

1. Names of plants thought to be indigenous have
been printed in heavy, broad-face type.

2. Names of introduced plants, propagating freely by

seed or suckers beyond the limits of cultivated ground,
and likely to survive, unless destroyed by the agency of
man, are printed in small capitals.

3. Italics have been reserved for introduced species
which have not become permanently established within
our limits. These adventive species range from plants
which have been found but once, like some of the wool-
waste Composites of Lowell and Chelmsford, to familiar
species, for example, Lucerne, which persists for many
years, but does not appear to thrive, and in a few cases
observed through a period of several years, has died out
altogether. Within this division, also, are included many
plants, such as the wool-waste Medicks, which spring up
in abundance every year ; it is not settled, however,
whether they are perpetuated by seed ripened in Middle-
sex and surviving the winter, or by fresh importations
from the original source.

4. To facilitate the study of species not contained in
the Manual, either a description has been given, or
reference made to some volume of the Wood or Gray
series of text-books wherein such description may be
found.

5. Whenever a plant is commonly met with in its
proper habitat, no location is given. Where several
stations are given without comment, the species will
probably be found more widely distributed. The occa-
sional presence of a plant in stations besides those men-
tioned is indicated by the abbreviation et al.

6. Wherever the "Manual" is mentioned, reference is
made to Gray's Manual, 5th edition, unless otherwise
designated.

7. In the Phanerogams and Vascular Cryptogams, an
asterisk indicates that no specimen of the plant so desig-
nated is in the county herbarium. It does not follow,,
however, that such species are always rare.

INTRODUCTION.

Middlesex county is very irregular in outline, com-
prising an area, roughly approximated, of 830 square
miles. On the north it borders upon the New Hampshire
line, an extreme point in Dracut reaching to latitude
42° 44' 12", on the east it extends (in Maiden) to longitude
71° 54' , closely approaching the sea coast ; on the south,
it touches lat. 42° 9' 30" (Holliston) ; and extends westward
in a single tier of towns to long. 71° 1' 30" (Ashby).

The highly diversified character of the county may best
be seen by a glance at the accompanying map and key.
The Merrimac river passes through the north-eastern
section, and the Concord through the centre, while all
portions are abundantly watered by numerous smaller
rivers and creeks. There are one hundred and thirty-
seven ponds, some of them of considerable size ; numer-
ous swamps of greater or less extent ; and salt marshes
along the tidal streams. The surface is very uneven,
Prospect Hill, Walthain, reaching a height of 482 ft. ;
Eeservoir Hill, Lincoln, 395 ft. ; Goodman Hill, Sudbury,
415 ft. ; Eeeves Hill, Wayland, 410 ft. ; Pegan Hill,
Natick, 408 ft. ; Nobscot Hill, Framingham, 602 ft.
The general elevation gradually rises to the highlands of
Townsend and Ashby, culminating in Mt. Watatic, a
granitic mass, 1847 ft. above the sea level, the highest
land in the county.

The geological ages represented in Middlesex county
are three, viz. :

1. The Cambrian, with slates and conglomerate; it
includes the comparatively low land within four to six
miles of Boston.

8

2. The Huronian, just outside of this, beginning at
and including the Middlesex Fells, comprises primitive
rocks — granite, petrosilex (porphyry), diorite, horn-
blendic gneiss, quartzite, quartzy slate. Limestone occurs
in patches.

3. The Montalban (later in date than the Huronian,
but antecedent to the Cambrian), lies to the north and
west of the Huronian, and comprises granite, gneiss, mica
slate, argillite, and numerous patches of limestone. It
occupies the larger part of the county, and is bounded by
a N. E. to S. W. line which includes the towns of Wilming-
ton, Bedford, Concord, Sudbury, and Framingham.

The soil, like that of most parts of New England, is
mainly dependent for its characteristics upon the glacial
drift, which covers most of the rocks to the depth of
many feet. This material consists of two portions ; the
very compact boulder clay or till, often called "hard
pan ;" and a loose mass, of gravelly and sandy consistency,
which has been derived from the boulder clay by the
the washing of ancient torrents. The latter is often
stratified, is comparatively free from boulders, and forms
the present soil, with such additions as the yearly decay
of vegetation for many centuries has made. Its qualities
vary greatly, some having been deposited in the form of
sand, or sterile gravel, while other parts are of a rich,
clayey nature. "Terraces of sand arid gravel from the
re-assorted boulder clay make up by far the greater part
of the low-lying, arable lands of eastern Massachusetts ;
and of this nature are about all the lands first used for
town-sites and tillage by the colonists, notwithstanding
the soil they aiford is not as rich or as enduring as the
soils upon the unchanged boulder clay." N. S. Shaler,
Memorial History of Boston, vol. 1, p. 6.

As a modifying agent, it is necessary to keep in
mind the many small areas of lime rock, which lie so
scattered as to make enumeration difficult. Details are
given in Crosby's map of eastern Massachusetts.

Opinions may differ as to the precise mode of origin of
the materials composing the drift, but there can be no
doubt of the main fact that they represent the rocks with
which we are familiar in New England, mostly consisting
of mica schist, gneiss, and the like. In these rocks feld-
spars abound, containing much potash, soda and lime, —
materials which become of use when decay has reduced
the rock to the condition of mud or clay.

It is not probable that the decay of these rocks in situ
has contributed much to the soil of the region. They
are mostly durable, and it is exceptional to find them
decayed to any great depth. The period of time, too,
during which such decay is conceivable, is a relatively
short one — since modern observers incline to the view
that only from 6000 to 10,000 years have elapsed since
the glacial period.

The diversity of physical conditions gives rise to a cor-
responding variety in the character of the flora. Poten-
tilla tridentata, Vaccinium Canadense, Ribes prostra-
turn, Acer spicatum, Abies balsamea, Taxus baccata,
var. Canadensis, and Dalibarda repens have been found
indisputably native only upon or near Mt. Watatic ; Viola
rotundifolia in a deep ravine at Ashby ; Dirca palustris
and Lonicera coerulea, at Townsend ; Alpine lichens and
mosses are occasional upon high hills ; while Ledum lati-
folium, Kalmia glauca, Andromedia polifolia, Chio-
genes and Smilacina trifolia linger here and there in cold
sphagnum swamps.

A few more southern species are sometimes met with,
among which are Draba Caroliniana, Woburn ; Draba

10

verna, Medford ; Smilax glauca, Weston ; the very rare
Habenaria ciliaris, Lexington; Pycnanthemum lini-
folium, Reading ; Asclepias verticillata, in several local-
ities.

Perhaps the most peculiar flora occupies the tract lying
between Horn Pond Mountain and Winchester, including
Winter Pond and a small sheet of water nearly dry in
midsummer, to which the name Round Pond has been
given by botanists. About the borders of both these
ponds grows Coreopsis rosea in abundance ; and on the
shores of the former Ludwigia polycarpa, Eleocharis
Engelmanni, var. detonsa,ScIeriareticularis, and Cus-
cuta arvensis. It is difficult to frame a satisfactory
theory for the presence of this little colony.

Great care has been taken to mark clearly the dis-
tinction between species believed to be indigenous within
the county limits, and those introduced from without the
county, whether from the old world, remote sections of
America, or even other parts of Massachusetts. To
exclude naturalized species would be to exclude some of
our most common plants, and a total of fully one-sixth of
our Phanerogams. The difficulty lies in drawing the line
between the lately or locally naturalized and the purely
adventive. Many introduced plants, now occupying very
limited areas, will surely abide with us, if undisturbed by
man. They run no greater risk of extermination than
many of our attractive native plants.

There seems to be abundant reason for cataloguing
adventive plants, provided their status be appropriately
indicated. They are candidates for naturalization.
Indeed, when a plant is called indigenous, the term
implies simply that, as far back as any record exists, it
was a part of the flora. New plants have always been
creeping in ; water-courses, winds and birds of passage are

11

constantly spreading the area of special forms of plant
life. When the seed finds a suitable environment, it
develops, and the plant multiplies oftentimes with astonish-
ing rapidity. Within a hundred years every trace of its
foreign origin may disappear.

Very many species, too, have been introduced through
the indirect agency of man. The highways and byways
mark the line of march of an invading army. Middlesex
county has also long been a manufacturing centre, and
about the cotton and more especially the woollen mills, a
strange flora is striving to adapt itself to new climatic
conditions. Some of these immigrants have undoubtedly
come to stay.

Other plants, directly introduced, have become thor-
oughly established, among which may be mentioned the
Privet, now common everywhere about Boston. The
late Minot Pratt, an enthusiastic botanist, throughout a
period of forty years sought to naturalize within the
limits of Concord plants from all sections of the United
States. Some few of these have disappeared altogether,
others maintain a precarious existence, while still others
have abundantly increased, in some cases even becoming
troublesome weeds. As these plants were skilfully set
out in situations to correspond with their natural habitat,
they have often been found by occasional collectors, and
reported as indigenous. For this reason it has been
thought best to incorporate in the present work a complete
list of such plants, taken from a manuscript volume
left by Mr. Pratt to the Concord Public Library.

Middlesex county has been fortunate in the location
within its limits of the Harvard Botanic Garden, the head-
quarters of a corps of able naturalists, and a centre of
scientific activity. It has also been fortunate in affording
to the botanists of the neighboring city of Boston a con-
venient field for exploration.

12

In 1814, Dr. Jacob Bigelow published his Florula
Bostoniensis, which embraced in its plan a considerable
portion of Middlesex. This work, which passed through
a second edition in 1824, and a third in 1840, became at
once a standard authority, and gave a mighty impulse to
the study of botany.

For more than a quarter of a century, B. D. Greene, a
keen and accurate observer, whose ample fortune happily
left him at liberty to pursue his favorite study, herborized
extensively in Tewksbury and adjacent towns. He was
also an unconscious contributor to the Desmid flora of the
county. On specimens of Utricularia collected by him at
Tewksbury and transmitted to Swedish herbaria, Lager-
heim has detected seven new species and fourteen new
varieties of Desmids which are enumerated in their place
among the Algae.

Prof. Edward Tuckerman, while residing in Boston or
vicinity, contributed largely to our knowledge of the
county flora, more especially of the Lichens, of which he
made an extensive collection.

Rev. J. L. Russell, a diligent student of Cryptogamic
botany, while settled at Chelmsford, made collections of
Musci, Hepaticee and Lichens, publishing from time to time
the result of his researches.

George B. Emerson, 1840-1845, repeatedly traversed
Middlesex, as indeed every other county of the state, in
search of material for his "Report on the Trees and
Shrubs growing naturally in the Forests of Massachusetts,"
which appeared in 1846, and has been used ever since as
the best available text-book for the study of our trees.

Charles E. Perkins, whose early death in 1883 cut short
a botanical career of much promise, had been at work for
several years gathering data for a Flora of Boston and

13

vicinity. His notes and collections, bequeathed to the
Middlesex Institute, have been freely drawn upon in the
present catalogue.

Of the local botanists, however, who have passed on,
we are most indebted to Wm. Boott, who was born in
Boston in 1805, and died in the same city in 1887. "His
tastes and accomplishments in early and middle life"
writes Dr. Gray, "were literary, especially linguistic.
Probably he took up botany at the instigation of his brother
(Dr. Francis Boott, of London), and with the design of
helping him to the Carices of this country, when Dr. Boott
began the study of this vast genus of which he became the
illustrator and highest authority ; and Wm. Boott, by a
kind of noblesse oblige, after his brother's death, devoted
himself to this study." He likewise studied critically the
Potamogetons, Isoetes, the Grasses and some tribes of
the Cyperaceee. He was, moreover, a good general
botanist, with whom the zeal of the collector and the
uneasy spirit of original research abode to the last. A
rare combination of painstaking care and critical acumen
made his determinations authoritative, while the many
summers he spent in Medford gave him an extraordinary
acquaintance with the flora of the neighborhood. To the
preparation of this work, he contributed a list of Middlesex
plants, specimens from his herbarium, and his personal
services in the identification of doubtful species. Wm.
Boott has left in print a scanty record, but his herbarium,
bequeathed to Harvard University, gives a partial idea of
the scope of his labors.

The number of trained observers now in the field is a
guarantee that the work of their predecessors will be
worthily continued. Discoveries in every class of plants
may confidently be expected.

14

The annexed species and varieties have been founded
on specimens first collected in Middlesex county.

Rubus setosus. Bigelow, Fl. Bost., 2 ed., p. 98.

"In a swamp at Sudbury." Since reduced to a variety, Rubus

hispidus, L., var. setosus, Torr. & Gray. Fl. 1, 456.
Myrophyllum tenellum. Bigelow, Fl. Bost., 2 ed., p. 346.

"Edge of Fresh Pond, and also at Tewksbury."
Utricularia resupinata. B. D. Greene in Bigelow's Fl. Bost.,

3 ed., p. 10.
Potamogeton gramineus, L., var, spathulaeformis,

Robbins.

Based upon P. spathaeformis, in herb. Tuckerman. " Mystic Pond,

near Boston." Man., p. 487.
Potamogeton gramineus, L., var. maximus. Morong in

Middlesex Fl., p. 100.

Potamogeton Mysticus. Morong in Bot. Gaz., Vol. V., No. 5.
Potamogeton pusillus, L., var. gemmiparus, Robbins.

Based upon P. gemmiparus, in herb. Robbins. " Outlet of Mystic

Pond, near Boston." Man., p. 489. Now restored by Morong to

its former specific rank and name, P. gemmiparus, Robbins.
Naias flexilis, Rostk., var. robusta. Morong in Bot. Gaz.,

Vol. X., No. 4.

" Concord river."
Juncus militaris. Bigelow, Fl. Bost., 2 ed., p. 39.

" In a pond at Tewksbury."
Asplenium ebeneum, Ait., var. serratum, Gray.

"Maiden, Nov., 1872." G. E. Davenport, in Cat. of the Davenport

Herb.
Aspidium Boottii. Tuckerman, in Hovey's Mag., Vol. IX.,

p. 145 (1843). (A. spinulosum, Swartz, var. Boottii, Man.)

Lowell (Wm. Boott).
Isoetes Tuckermani, Braun.

Mystic River and Pond, 1848 (E. Tuckerman).
Isoetes echinospora, Durieu, 'var. Boottii. Engelman in

Man., p. 676.

Based upon Isoetes Boottii, Braun in litt. " Pond in Woburn, near

Boston, 1867, partly out of water." (Wm. Boott).
Isoetes echinospora, Durieu, var. muricata, Engelman, in

Man., p. 676.

" Woburn creek and Abajona river" (Wm. Boott).

To the above list may be added seven1 new species and fourteen
varieties of Desmids. (See p. 159).

15

ABBREVIATIONS.

A. Br., Mouogr.— A. Braun, Monographie^der, Characeen.
Adv.— Adventive.

Am. Nat. — American Naturalist.

Bailey, Prel. Syn. N. A. Carices.— Preliminary Synopsis of North
American Carices.

B. S. N. H.— Boston Society of Natural History.

Bigelow's PL Bost.-^Jacob Bigelow's Florula Bostoniensis.

Boiss. PL Or.— Boissier, Flora Oriental! s.

Bot. Cal.— Botany of California, Watson.

Bot. Reg.— Botanical Register.

Chapman's S. Fl.— Flora of the Southern States.

Coulter, R. M. Bot.— Manual of the Botany of the Rocky Mountain

Regions.
DC., Prodr. — DeCandolle's Prodromus.

Gray, Syn. PL N. A.— Synoptical Flora of North America.

Int. — Introduced.

Koch, Syn. Flor. Germ.— Synopsis Florae Germanicae.

Koch., Taschenb. d. Deutsch. & Schw. FL— Taschenbuch der

Deutschen und Schweizerischen Flora.
Lesq. & James, Man. — Lesquereux and James, Manual of the Mosses

of North America.
Man.— Gray's Man., Fifth Edition.

Nat.— Naturalized.

Wood's Bot. & FL— Botanist and Florist.

REFERENCE MAP

MIDDLESEX COUNTY,

MASSACHUSETTS,

Showing the location of Villages, Hills, Ponds, Brooks, Swamps, etc.
Compiled from the latest revised Maps

B Y

EDWARD F\ ADAMS,
1885.

19

MAP OF MIDDLESEX COUNTY.

In the scientific study, in any branch of natural history,
of a particular section of country, and especially in the
study of its flora, constant reference must be made to
localities that can be described only by some topographical
feature. It is a convenience, if not a necessity, to know
the relative position of these features. It was to supply
this want that the present map was compiled. By using
reference letters and the key instead of the names in full
upon the map, as is usual, a map of pocket size was made
to show more topographical features by name than have
been shown upon any wall map of the county.

Middlesex Fells, comprising about four thousand acres,
extends from Pine Hill in Medford, on the south, to Bear
Hill, in Stoneham, on the north ; and from Winchester
easterly as far as the B. & M. R. R. in Maiden and
Melrose. No other large tract of natural growth in the
county has a distinctive name, although some smaller
places, such as Shaker Glen in the western part of Lexing-
ton, and Pine Banks between Maiden and Melrose, have
received special names from those who frequent them.

E. P. A.
MEDFORD, Mass., May 4, 1888.

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CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

PH/EINOGAMIA.

EXKOQENS.

RANUNCULACEy-E. CROWFOOT FAMILY.

CLEMATIS, L.

C. Virginiana, L. VIRGIN'S BOWER. CLEMATIS.
Common. July-Aug.

ANEMONE, L.

A. cylindrica, Gray. LONG-FRUITED ANEMONE.

Westford (Misses Fletcher and Hodgman) ; Holliston (F. S.Collins) ;

Townsend (Miss H. E. Haynes) ; Medford (Win. Boott). Not com-
mon. May-June.
A. Virginiana, L.

Rather common. June-July.
A. nemorosa, L. WOOD ANEMONE. WIND-FLOWER.

Common. April-May.
A. Hepatica, L. (Hepatica triloba, Chaix ; Man.) HEPATICA.

Rather common. April-May.
*A. acutiloba, Lawson. Hepatica acutiloba, DC. ; Man.)

Concord; introduced from Vermont by Minot Pratt. April-May.

ANEMONELLA, Spach.

A. thalictroides, Spach. (Thalictrum anemonoides, Michx. ;
Man.) RUE ANEMONE.
Common. April-June.

THALICTRUM, Tourn..

T. dioicum, L. EARLY MEADOW-RUE.

Not rare. April-May.

T. purpurascens, L. PURPLISH MEADOW-RUE.
Maiden (R. Frohock) ; Medford and Waltham (Wm. Boott) ; Town-
send (Miss H. E. Haynes) ; Woburn (C. E. Perkins) ; Lowell (Dr.
C. W. Swan) . The form in this county seems to be var. cerif erum
of C. F. Austin. Not common. June.

T. poly gam um, Muhl. (T. Cornuti, L. ; Man.) TALL MEADOW-
RUE.
Very common. June-Sept.

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

RANUNCULUS, L.

*J?. aquatilis, L. (R. aquatilis, L., var. heterophyllus, DC. ; Man.) ;
FLOATING WATER-CROWFOOT.

Newton (Bigelow's Fl. Bost.) "Not met with for many years;
was possibly introduced from Europe, where this form is common ' '
(Man.) July.

R. aquatilis, L., var. trichophyllus, Gray. WHITE WATER-
CROWFOOT.
Ashby, Wilmington, Maiden, et al. Not uncommon. June-July.

R. multifidus, Pursh. YELLOW WATER-CROWFOOT.
Groton, Medford, Concord, et al. Rather common. May-June.

R. Flammula, L., var. reptans, Meyer. CREEPING SPEARWORT.
Lowell, Groton and Tewksbury (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Concord and
Lexington (F. S. Collins); Reading (W. H. Manning). Widely
distributed, but not common. June-Aug.

R. Cymbalaria, Pursh. SEA-SIDE CROWFOOT.
Marshes; Cambridge (Bigelow's Fl. Bost.); Medford (Mrs. P. D.
Richards); Maiden (F. S. Collins). Not very common. June-
Aug.

R. abortivus, L. SMALL-FLOWERED CROWFOOT.
Common. May- June.

R. abortivus, L., var. micranthus, Gray.
Melrose (C. J. Sprague; Rev. Thos. Morong). United with the
type by a graded series of specimens. May-June.

R. sceleratus, L. CURSED CROWFOOT.

Somerville (C. E. Perkins) ; Cambridge (F. S. Collins) ; Belmont
(H. S. Richardson) ; Waltham List. Scarce. May-July.

R. recurvatus, Poir. HOOKED CROWFOOT.
Maiden, Belmont, Lowell, et al. Scarce. May-June.

*R. Pennsylvanicus, L. f. BRISTLY CROWFOOT.
Concord, rare (Minot Pratt) .

R. fascicularis, Muhl. EARLY CROWFOOT.
Common. April-May.

R. repens, L. CREEPING CROWFOOT.
Medford, Townsend, Concord, et al. Not uncommon. May-July.

R. BULBOSUS, L. BUTTERCUPS. BULBOUS CROWFOOT.
Very common. Forms with double flowers occasional. May-
July. Nat. from Eu.

R. ACRIS, L. TALL BUTTERCUPS.
Very common. May-Aug. Nat. from Eu.

ISOPYRUM, L.

*7. biternatum. Torr. and Gray.
Concord ; introduced from Michigan by Minot Pratt. May.

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

CALTHA, L.

C. palustris, L. MARSH MARIGOLD.

Widely known by the name of COWSLIPS, a totally different plant.
Frequent. April-May.

COPTIS, Salisb.

C. trifolia, Salisb. GOLDTHREAD.
Widely distributed, but not abundant. May.

AQUILEGIA, Tourn.

A. Canadensis, L. WILD COLUMBINE.

Common. May-June.
A. vulgaris, L.

The common GARDEN COLUMBINE of Europe. Concord, escaped,

(Minot Pratt) ; et al. July.

DELPHINIUM, Tourn.

D. Consolida, L. FIELD LARKSPUR.

Stoneham, rubbish heap in woods, apparently spreading, August,
1885, (F. S. Collins). July-Aug. Int. from Eu.

XANTHORRHIZA, Marsh.

*X. APIIFOLIA, L'Her. YELLOW-ROOT.

Concord. Found growing by the roadside by Minot Pratt ; locally
established, but can hardly be native. Nat. from the South.

, L.

A. spicata, L. var. rubra, Ait. KED BANEBERRY.
Widely distributed, but nowhere common. May-June.

A. alba, Bigel. WHITE BANEBERRY. COHOSH.
Distribution as in the preceding. May-June.

BERBERIDACE^E. BARBERRY FAMILY.

BERBERIS, L.

B. VULGARIS, L. BARBERRY.

Common. More abundant in the eastern section of the county.
May-June. Nat. from Eu.

PODOPHYLLUM, L.

P. PELTATUM, L. MAY APPLE. MANDRAKE.
Shirley, (F. L. Sargent) ; Framingham, (Rev. J. H. Temple) ;
Burlington, (Miss M. E. Carter). May-June. Nat. from farther
west.

MIDDLESEX FLOKA.

NYMPH^EACE^E. WATER-LILY FAMILY.

BRASENIA, Schreb.

B. peltata, Pursh. WATER-SHIELD.
Common. July-Aug.

NELUMBIUM, Juss.

N. LUTEUM, Willd. YELLOW NELUMBO. WATER CHINQUEPIN.
Concord River, Concord, (Walter Deane; specimen in herb. of).
July-Aug. Introduced from the South.

NYMPH^EA, Tourn.

N. odorata, Ait. WHITE POND-LILY.

Common. June-Aug.
*N. odorata, Ait. var. minor, Sims.

Concord (H. S. Kichardson).

NUPHAR, Smith.

N. advena, Ait. YELLOW POND-LILY. COW-LILY.

Common. May- Aug.
N. Kalmianum, Ait. (!N". luteum, Smith, var. pumilum; Man.)

SMALLER COW-LILY.

Walden Pond, Concord (J. L. Russell, Hovey's Mag. Vol. XXI) ;

Sudbury (Bigelow's PI. Bost.) ; Concord River, Tewksbury (C. W.

Jenks). Not common. Aug.-Sept.

SARRACENIACE^E, PITCHER-PLANT FAMILY.

SARRACENIA, Tourn.

S. purpurea, L. PITCHER-PLANT. SIDE-SADDLE FLOWER.
Rather common. May-June.

PAPAVERACEy^E, POPPY FAMILY.

ARGEMONE, L.

A. Mexicana, L. MEXICAN POPPY.

Cambridge ; occasional in waste-heaps, with a white variety (Walter
Deane ; specimen in herb, of.) July-Sept. Int. from tropical
America.

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

CHELIDONIUM, L.

C. MAJUS, L. CELANDINE.

Common near dwellings. Among the earliest plants introduced
from Europe. May-July.

SANGUINARIA, Dill.

S. Canadensis, L. BLOOD-ROOT.
Generally distributed, but found in small patches. April-May.

FUMARIACE>E. FUMITORY FAMILY.

ADLUMIA, Raf.

A. CIRRHOSA, Raf. FUMITORY.

Persistent for years in an old garden at Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ;
Concord ; introduced from the West by Minot Pratt ; now locally
established.

DICENTRA, Bork.

*D. CUCULLARIA, DC. DUTCHMAN'S BREECHES.

Concord ; introduced from the West by Minot Pratt ; now locally
established. Doubtfully reported elsewhere in the county. May.

CORYDALIS, Vent.

C. glauca, Pursh. PALE CORYDALIS.

Not uncommon. May-Aug.
*C. aurea, Wild. GOLDEN CORYDALIS.

"Near Nobscot, Framingham; found about fifteen years ago; not

since reported." (Rev. J. H. Temple.)

FUMARIA, L.

F. OFFICINALIS, L. FUMITORY.

Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Medford (L. L. Dame) ; Ashland (Rev.
Thos. Morong) ; Natick (Austin Bacon) . Persistent in old gardens.
June-Aug. Nat. from Eu.

CRUCIFER^E. MUSTARD FAMILY.
NASTURTIUM, R. Br.

N. OFFICINALE, R. Br. TRUE WATER-CRESS.

Somerville (C. E. Perkins) ; Groton (C. W. Jenks) ; Medford,
abundant (L. L. Dame); Belmont, abundant (Walter Deane).
June-July. Nat.fromEu.

MIDDLESEX FLOKA.

N. SYLVESTRE, R. Br. YELLOW CRESS.

Medford, 1887 (F. S. Collins) ; Newton (C. J. Sprague; Man. 1859).
May-June. Nat. from Eu.

N. palustre, DC. MARSH CRESS.

Somerville, Cambridge, Framingham, Groton, et al. Rather com-
mon. May-July.

N. ARMORACIA, Fries. HORSERADISH.

Often found escaped, from cultivation. Apparently persistent.
May-June. Nat. from Eu.

N. amphibium, R. Br. var. auriculatum, Reich.
Cambridge, rubbish-heap, 1884 (Walter Deane ; specimen in herb,
of). Adv. from Eu.

"Pod elliptical or oblong, three or four times shorter than the
pedicel ; immersed leaves undivided, lanceolate, attenuate at both
ends, sessile ; upper leaves pectinato-pinnatifid or lyrate ; petals
longer than the calyx; var. auriculatum, DC. Leaves furnished
with small auricles at the base." Koch, Syn. Flor. Germ.

DENTARIA, L. PEPPER-ROOT.

D. diphylla, Michx.

Arlington (E. Tuckerman) ; Belmont, specimen in the Boott herb.

May.
D. heterophylla, Nutt.

Lowell (Albert S. Guild; W. P. Atwood). Rare. Apr.-May.

Adv. from the South.
*D. laciniata, Muhl.

Belmont, near Railroad Station (Win. Boott). Apr.-May.

CARDAMINE, L.

C. rhomboidea, DC. WHITE SPRING-CRESS.
Medford and Belmont (F. S. Collins) ; Woburn (C. E. Perkins) ;
Framingham (Rev. J. H. Temple) ; et al. May.

* C.jrhprnboidea, DC., var. purpurea, Torr. PURPLE SPRING-
CRESS.
Arlington, May 8, 1865 (Wm. Boott).

C. hirsuta, L. SMALL BITTER-CRESS.
Common. May- June.

C. hirsuta, L., var. sylvatica, Gray.
Melrose and Medford (F. S. Collins). May-June.

ARABIS, L.

A. hirsuta, Scop. HAIRY ROCK-CRESS.
Somerville (C. E. Perkins) ; June-July.

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

A. laevigata, Poir. SMOOTH ROCK-CRESS.

Mel rose and Medford (F. S. Collins) ; Pine Hill, Medford, 1885
(Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Woburn (Wm. Boott). Not common. May-
June.

A. Canadensis, L. SICKLE-POD.
Medford, Chelmsford, Acton, et al. Not common.

A. perfoliata, Lam. TOWER MUSTARD.

Maiden and West Medford (Wm. Boott); Billerica (Dr. C. W.
Swan). Eare. June-July.

A. confinis, Wats. (A. Drummondii, Gray; Man.)

Dracut (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Concord (Walter Deane). Rare. June
July.

BARBAREA, R. Br.

B. VULGARIS, R. Br. YELLOW ROCKET. WINTER CRESS.
Common. The forms known as var. STRICTA, Regel, Somerville
and Tewksbury (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Maiden (F. S. Collins) ; and var.
ARCUATA, Koch, Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan). May-June. Thor-
oughly established, but probably naturalized from Eu.

ERYSIMUM, L.

E. cheiranthoides, L. WORM-SEED MUSTARD.
Medford, 1866 (Wm. Boott) ; Maiden (F. S. Collins) ; along rail-
road, Lowell ; near woollen mills, Westf ord (Dr. C. W. Swan) ;
occasional along the B. & A. R. R., Ashland (Rev. Thos. Morong).
June- July.

E. repandum, L.

Westf ord, woollen-mill yard, a few plants, 1884 and 1885 (Dr. C.
W. Swan). July. Adv. from Eu.

"Stem5-10in. high. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, crenate or repand-
dentate, or entire, recurved at the tip, somewhat rough-hairy.
Flowers yellow, pedicels half the length of the calyx. Pods obtusely
four-angled, nearly terete, scarcely larger than the horizontally
patent pedicel." Wagner, Deutsche Flora.

SlSYMBRIUM, L.
S. OFFICINALE, Scop. HEDGE MUSTARD.

Common. June-Sept. Nat. from Eu.
S. Sophia, L.

Chelmsford, abundant on a small patch of waste ground in 1884,

wholly gone in 1885 (Dr. C. W. Swan). June. Adv. from Eu.
jS. Pannonicum, Jacq.

Westf ord, woollen-mill yard ; Tewksbury, roadside, a few plants in

a limited area (Dr. C. W. Swan). June-July,

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

"Lower leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, laciniae dentate with auriculate
base, auricle ascending; upper leaves pinnate, pinnae all narrowly
linear ; sepals widely spreading ; pods and pedicels of about equal
diameter, spreading."

Koch, Syn. Flor. Germ.

S. Lceselii, L.

Westford, woollen-mill yard, 1884 and 1885 (Dr. C. W. Swan).
July- Aug. Adv. from Eu.

"Stem 1-3 ft. high, hispid with stiff hairs, as are also the lower leaves.
Leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, the terminal segment very large, has-
tate ; calyx patent ; pods ascending, twice the length of the spread-
ing pedicels, the younger shorter than the convex cluster."

Wagner, Deutsche Flora.

S. incisum, Engelm.

N. Chelmsford, in wool-waste (Rev. W. P. Alcott ; specimen in
herb. of). Adv. from Cal.

BRASSICA, Tourn.

B. SINAPISTRUM, BoisS. CHARLOCK. YELLOW MUSTARD.

Westford, Medford, Ashland, et al. Rather common in waste
grounds. June-Aug. Nat. from Eu.

B. ALBA, Gray. WHITE MUSTARD.

Groton and Dracut, waste-heaps (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Somerville
(C.E.Perkins). June-July. Nat. from Eu.

B. NIGRA, Koch. BLACK MUSTARD.

Persistent about dwellings as a relic of cultivation. Rather com-
mon. June-Aug. Nat. from Eu.

B. campestris, L. KALE.

Persistent in old gardens, and common on "dumps." June-July.
Int. from Eu. The cultivated forms of B. campestris, B. Rapa, L.
Turnip, and B. Napus, L. Rape, are often persistent. For de-
scription, see Wood's Bot. & Fl.

DRAB A, L.
*D. arabisans, Michx.

Concord; introduced from Vermont by Minot Pratt. May-June.
D. Caroliniana, Walt.

Woburn (C. E. Perkins). Precise locality now unknown. May.
D. verna, L. WHITLOW GRASS.

West Medford (Wm. Boott). This rare plant has appeared every

spring for many years in the gravelly paths of a garden. No other

locality is known. Apr.-May.

ALYSSUM, Tourn.
A. calycinum, L.

Medford (G. E. Davenport); Somerville (C. E. Perkins). May.
Adv. from Eu.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 9

CAMELINA, Crantz.

C. sativa, Crantz. FALSE FLAX.

Maiden (F. S. Collins) ; Westforcl, woollen-mill yard (Dr. C. W.
Swan) ; Medford (Wm. Boott). June-July. Adv. from Eu.

CAPSELLA, Vent.

C. BURSA-PASTORIS, Moench. SHEPHERD'S PURSE.
Everywhere. Apr.-Nov. Nat. from Eu.

THLASPI, Tourn.

T. arvense, L. MITHRIDATE MUSTARD.

Somerville (C.E.Perkins); Lowell; Chelmsford, two localities,
one in a field which had been cultivated ; numerous plants in
another which had been dressed with wool-waste ; no evidence of
permanent residence (Dr. C. W. Swan). May. Adv. from Eu.

LEPIDIUM, L.

L. Virginicum, L. WILD PEPPERGRASS.
Common. June-Sept.

L. RUDERALE, L.

Lowell and Chelmsford (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Somerville and Cam-
bridge (C. E. Perkins) ; Weston (F. S. Collins). Rather common
in the eastern section of the county. The rare form with petali-
f erous flowers has been found at Maiden. May-June. Nat. from Eu.
L. CAMPESTRE, R. Br.

Newton (C. J. Sprague) ; Cambridge (T. W. Harris, Hovey's Mag.
Vol. VI, 1840) ; Maiden ; Melrose, not uncommon, 1884 and 1885,
(F. S. Collins) ; Lowell, on the road-bed of the B. & M. R. R. (Dr.
C. W. Swan). June. Nat. from Eu.

SENEBIERA, DC.
S. didyma, Pers.

Cambridge, in walks (L. H. Bailey, Jr.) "An immigrant from
farther south." Man. May-June.

ISATIS, L.

/. tinctoria, L. Wo AD.

Newton (C. J. Sprague), fide specimen in herb. B. S. N. H. Adv.
from Eu. For description, see Wood's Bot. & Fl.

CAKILE, Tourn.

C. Americana, Nutt. SEA-ROCKET.

Medford (C. E. Perkins); Maiden (F. S. Collins). . Along the
Mystic. July-Aug.

10 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

RAPHANUS, L.

K. RAPHANISTRUM, L. WILD RADISH. JOINTED CHARLOCK.
A common weed in cultivated fields. May- July. Nat. from Eu.

HESPERIS, L.

H. MATRONALIS, L. ROCKET.

Reading, escaped (W. H. Manning) ; Maiden, persistent for ten years
in one locality and spreading (F. S. Collins) ; Stoneham (B. F.
Gordon) ; Arlington (L. L. Dame). Appears to be sparingly
established. June. Nat. from Eu. For description, see Wood's
Bot. &F1.

TROPIDOCARPUM, Hook.

u Pod linear, flattened laterally, often one-celled by the disappear-
ance of the narrow partition ; valve carinate, one-nerved. Seeds in
two rows, minute, flattened, not winged; cotyledons incumbent.
Style short. A low, slender, hirsute, branching annual, with
pinnately divided leaves, and yellow solitary axillary flowers."
Bot. Cal.

T. gracile, Hook.

Wool-waste, N. Chelmsford (Rev. W. P. Alcott ; specimen in herb,
of). Adv. from Cal.

" Stems weak, 2 feet high or less ; leaves pinnatifid or rarely
2-pinnatifid, with narrow or linear segments ; flowers in the axils
of the upper bract-like leaves ; petals li to 3 lines long, nearly
twice longer than the obtuse sepals ; pods 6 to 20 lines long, more
than a line broad, pointed at both ends, ascending on slender
spreading pedicels 10 to 20 lines long." Bot. Cal.

VIOLACE/E. VIOLET FAMILY.

V. rotund if olia, Michx. ROUND-LEAVED VIOLET.

Townsend (Miss H. E. Haynes) ; Frarningham, rare (Rev. J. H.

Temple) ; Ashby, rare (L. L. Dame) ; Concord, introduced from

Vermont by Minot Pratt. April-May,
V. lanceolata, L. LANCE-LEAVED VIOLET.

Common. April- June.
V, primulifolia, L. PRIMROSE-LEAVED VIOLET.

Less common than the preceding. April-June.
V. blanda, Willd. SWEET WHITE VIOLET.

Common. April-June.
V. ODORATA, L. ENGLISH VIOLET.

Ashland, sparingly naturalized (Rev. Thos. Morong; specimen

in herb. of). Int. from. Eu.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 11

V. palmata, L. HAND-LEAVED VIOLET.

Groton (C. W. Jenks) ; Melrose (Rev. Thos. Morong) ; Stoneham
(G. E. Davenport) ; Fresh Pond, Cambridge, specimen in Gray
Herb. April -June.

" The late Prof. Tuckerman long ago (1839) collected at Concord
specimens which would surely pass for V. pedatifida, if from the
valley of the Mississippi." UV. pedatifida is indeed probably only a
marked geographical variety of V. palmata." Gray's Rev. N. A.
Violets.

V. palmata, L., var. cucullata, Gray.

The common county form; including var. CO rdata, Cambridge,

(T. W. Harris, Hovey's Mag., Vol. VI., 1840; C. E. Perkins. 1882).

April-June.
V. sagittata, Ait. ARROW-LEAVED VIOLET.

Very common. April-June.
V. pedata, L. BIRD-FOOT VIOLET. HORSE-SHOE VIOLET.

Common. Often light blue or white. May-June.
V. canina, L., var. Muhlenbergii, Gray (V. canina, L., var.

sylvestris, Regel, Man.) DOG VIOLET.

Widely distributed, but not common. May-July.

* V. rostrata, Muhl.

Concord, introduced from the North by Minot Pratt. June-July.

* V. striata, Ait. PALE VIOLET.

Concord, introduced from the West by Minot Pratt. May-July.
V. Canadensis, L.

Concord, introduced from the North by Minot Pratt ; doubtfully

reported elsewhere. July.
V. pubescens, Ait. (including var. eriocarpa, Nutt., of Man.)

YELLOW VIOLET.

Throughout the county, but nowhere abundant. May.
V. TRICOLOR, L. PANSY. HEART'S EASE.

Somerville (C. E. Perkins) ; Ashland, naturalized about old houses

(Rev. Thos. Morong). April-May. Nat. from Eu.

* V. cornuta, L.

Concord, introduced from Europe by Minot Pratt.
"Root fibrous, diffuse; stems ascending; leaves cordate-ovate,
crenate, ciliate ; stipules obliquely cordate, inciso-dentate, ciliate ;
sepals subulate; the subulate spur longer than the calyx." DC.,
Prodr. I. 301.

12 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

CISTACE/E. ROCK-ROSE FAMILY.

HELIANTHEMUM, Tourn.

H. Canadense, Michx. FROST-WEED.
Common. June-Aug.

LECHEA, L. PIN WEED.

L. major, Michx.

Kather common. Aug-Sept.

L. thymifolia, Pursh., (including L. maritima, Legg.)
Chelmsford (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Newton (C. J. Sprague) ; Bedford
(Mrs. C. M. Fitch V Aug.-Sept. Too near L. minor.

L. tenuifolia, Michx.

Maiden, Winchester, Westford, et al. Kather common. Aug-Sept.
"Leaves of radical shoots lanceolate, much longer than broad.
Generally low and spreading; capsules large and conspicuous.
The inner-sepals even when broad, have only a midrib, and no side
veins ; all the other species have more or less distinctly 3 veins or
ribs, rising from the base. The outer sepals about equal the inner
in length." W. H. Leggett in Torrey Bulletin, VI. 251.

L. minor, L., (including L. intermedia, Legg.? and L. minor
var. intermedia, Legg.)
Westford, Bedford, Cambridge, et al. Rather common. July-Sept.

L. racemulosa, Lam.
Ashland and Melrose (Rev. Thos. Morong).

"Leaves of radical shoots elliptical, ovate, or oblong, not more
than two or three times as long as broad. Easily distinguished by
its slender spreading pedicels, oblong flowers, and broadly lanceo-
late stem leaves. Outer sepals shorter." W. H. Leggett in Torrey
Bulletin, VI. 251.

DROSERACE/E. SUNDEW FAMILY.

DROSERA, L.

D. rotundifolia, L. ROUND-LEAVED SUNDEW.

Not uncommon. July- Aug.
D. intermedia, Drev. and Hayne, var. Americana, DC. (D.

longifolia, L., Man.)
Common. July-Aug.

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

HYPERICACEy^E. ST. JOHN'S- WORT FAMILY.

HYPERICUM, L.

H. ellipticum, Hook.

Medford, Tewksbury, Chelmsford, et al. Not uncommon. June-
Aug.

H. PERFORATUM, L. ST. JOHN'S-WORT.

Common. June-Aug. Nat. from Eu.
H. maculatum, Walt. (H. corymbosum, Muhl., Man.)

Not uncommon. July-Aug.
H. mutilum, L.

Common. July-Sept.
H. Canadense, L.

Very common. June-Sept.
H. nudicaule, Walt. (H. Sarothra, Michx, Man.)

Very common. June-Sept.

ELODEA, Juss., Pursh.

E.campanulata, Pursh. (Elodes Virginica, Nutt, Man.)
Common. July-Aug.

ELATINACE^. WATER-WORT FAMILY.

ELATINE, L.

E. Americana, Am.

Mystic Pond (C. E. Perkins); Fresh Pond (Bigelow's Fl. Bost,
under Crypta minima) ; Arlington (Rev. Thos. Morong).

CARYOPHYLLACE>E. PINK FAMILY.

DlANTHUS, L.

D, ARMERIA, L. DEPTFORD PINK.

Maiden, Medford, Reading, et al. Rather scarce. July-Aug. Nat.
from Eu. »

D. deltoides, L. Ashland, spontaneous in old gardens (Rev. Thos.
Morong) .

" A low plant with perennial rootstock, producing a tuft of procum-
bent leafy shoots ; the annual flowering stems erect or ascending^
smooth or slightly hairy, 5 or 10 in. high, dichotomously branched
above. Leaves a third of an inch long, green, smooth, obtuse,
the upper somewhat acute. Flowers rather small, scentless, purple
or whitish, spotted, singly or in pairs, on short pedicels. Sepals with

14 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

pointed teeth ; the involucral bracts abruptly acuminate to an acute
point, which reaches about one-third the length of the calyx.'
Wagner, Deutsche Flora.
D. barbatus, L. SWEET WILLIAM.

Wilmington (F. S. Collins). Growing in a thicket, remote from
dwellings. June to July. Adv. from Eu. For description, see
Wood's Bot. & Fl.

SAPONARIA, L.

S. OFFICINALIS, L. SOAPWORT. BOUNCING BET.

Rather common. July-Sept. Nat. from Eu.
S. Vaccaria, L. (Vaccaria vulgaris, Host., Man.) Cow HERB.
Lowell, u dumps" (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv. from Eu.

GYPSOPHILA, L.

u Annual or perennial branching plants with entire, narrow leaves and
numerous, white or reddish flowers, Calyx bell-shaped, 5-toothed
or-cleft, without involucre at the base, with as many or three times
as many longitudinal nerves as teeth. Petals wedge-shaped, nar-
rowed in the claw, without scale. Capsule unilocular, opening with
4 teeth." Wagner, Deutsche Flora.

@. muralis, L.

Escaped from gardens, Bedford and Dracut (Dr. C. W. Swan).
" A delicate plant with stiffly erect stems 1-5 in. high, forking ;
flowers distant in an open panicle. Leaves linear, attenuate at both
ends. Petals rose red with dark veins." Wagner, Deutsche Flora.

SILENE, L.

S. INFLATA, Smith. BLADDER CAMPION.

Common, at least in the eastern part of the county. June- July.
Nat. from Eu.

S. Pennsylvanica, Michx. WILD PINK.
Not uncommon. May- June.

S. Armeria, L. SWEET WILLIAM CATCHFLY.

Beading (W. H. Manning) ; Medford (G. E. Davenport) ; Concord
(Minot Pratt) . Escaped from gardens. July. Adv. from Eu.

S. antirrhina, L. SLEEPY CATCHFLY.
Medford, Lowell, Billerica, et al. Not uncommon. May-July.

S. quinquevulnera, L.

Reading, escaped (W. H. Manning). Adv. from Eu. For descrip-
tion, see Wood's Bot. & Fl.

S. NOCTIFLORA, L. NlGHT-FLOWERING CATCHFLY.

Maiden, Reading, Lowell, Ashland, et al. Widely distributed, but
not very common. The Silene nocturna of Bigelow's FL Bost., and
of Dewey's Report was probably this plant. June-Aug. Nat. from
Eu.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 15

S. apetala, Willd.

Lexington, growing with Anychia capillacea, on a wooded hill-
side, Aug. 6, 1883 (C. W. Jenks). Probably adv. from Eu.
"Hoary pubescent; stein erect, branching; leaves lanceolate, the
upper linear; flowers few, terminal, or in the forks, calyx
obovate, 10-striate; petals none." DC. Prodr., I. 369.

LYCHNIS, Tourn.
L. DIOICA, L.

Medfordand Cambridge (C. E. Perkins); Ashland, established,
(Rev. Thos. Morong). Scarce. Nat. from Eu. For description,
see Wood's Class-Book.

L. vespertina, Sibth.
Cambridge, (fide specimen in Gray Herb.)

L. Grithago, Lam. CORN COCKLE.

Westford (Miss Emily F. Fletcher) ; Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ;
Ashland, grain-field by railroad (Rev. Thos. Morong); Concord,
cornfields (Minot Pratt). According to Dewey's Rep. on Herb.
Plants, 1840, "scarcely naturalized, but propagated with the wheat ;"
no more evidence of naturalization at present. June-July.

ARENARIA, L.

A. SERPYLLIFOLIA, L. THYME-LEAVED SANDWORT.

Rather common. May-Sept. Nat. from Eu.
A. lateriflora, L.
Common eastward. May -June.

STELLARIA, L.
S. MEDIA, Smith. CHICKWEED.

Everywhere. April-Nov. Nat. from Eu.
S. longifolia, Muhl. LONG-LEAVED STITCHWORT

Lowell (Miss M. Swan). Scarce. June-July.

S. GRAMINEA, L.

Maiden and Belmont (F. S. Collins) ; Watertown (L. H. Bailey,

Jr.); Winchester (C. E. Perkins); Cambridge (Walter Deane) ;

Ashland (Rev. Thos. Morong). Not uncommon. June-July.

Nat. from Eu.

Often confounded with the preceding, but its affinities are rather

with S. longipes of the Manual from which it differs in the always

linear-lanceolate leaves (broadest above the base), the divaricate

pedicels, and more elongated inflorescence.
S. uliginosa, Murr. SWAMP STITCHWORT.

Lowell, July 11, 1883 (Dr. C. W. Swan). Rare.
S. boreal is, Bigel. NORTHERN STITCHWORT,

Ashby (Dr. C. W. Swan); Tewksbury (J. R. Churchill, 1884);

Waltham (F. S. Collins). May-June.

16 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

S. aquatica, Scop.

" Newton ville, Aug., 1881, beside the R. R. track," (C. J. Sprague.)
Spechnen'in herb. B. S. N. H. This should not be confounded with
S. aquatica, Pollich, of the Man. 1st Ed., which is S. uliginosa,
Murr. Adv. from Eu.

*' Stem diffusely branched, decumbent. Flowering stems branched
below the cyme. Leaves ovate, acute or acuminate; the lower
ones on footstalks shorter than the laminae, the middle and upper
ones sessile. Flowers numerous, in dichotomous cymes terminat-
ing the stem and branches. Sepals lanceolate, rather obtuse,
faintly 1-nerved, with broad scarious margins, the herbaceous
part with short gland-tipped hairs. Fruit stalks spreading or
reflexed. Capsule drooping, longer than the sepals, ovate-conical.
Stem with short gland-tipped hairs." Sowerby, Eng. Bot., 11.91,

CERASTIUM, L.

C. VISCOSUM, L. MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED.

Common. April-Sept. Nat. from Eu.
C. arvense, L. FIELD CHICKWEED.

Concord (H. S. Richardson) ; Ashland (Rev. Thos. Morong) ;
Framinghaui (Miss J. W. Williams); Medford (C. E. Perkins).
Rare. May-June.

SAGINA, L.

S. procumbens, L. PEARLWORT.

Walthani (C. E. Perkins) ; Ashland (Rev. Thos. Morong) ; Med-
ford (F. S. Collins). Sometimes growing in brick sidewalks ; scarce.
June-July.

LEPIGONUM, Fries.

L. rubrum, Fries. (Spergularia rubra, Presl, var. campestris,

Man.)

Rather common. May-Aug.
L. salinum, Fries, (Spergularia salina, Presl, Man.)

Salt marshes; Cambridge (C. E. Perkins) ; Medford (F. S. Collins).

July.
L. medium, Fries. (Spergularia media, Presl, Man.)

Salt marshes ; Medford and Everett (F. S. Collins). July.

SPERGULA, L.

S. ARVENSIS, L. CORN SPURREY.

Lowell, Cambridge, Concord, et al. Not uncommon. June-Aug.
Nat. from Eu.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 17

PARONYCHI/E. WHITLOW-WORT FAMILY.

ANYCHIA, Michx.

A. capillacea, DC. (A. dichotoma of Man., in part.)
Lexington (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; et al. July.

SCLERANTHUS, L.

S. annuus, L. Knawel.
Common. June-July.

FICOIDE^.

MOLLUGO, L.
M. VERTICILLATA, L. CARPET- WEED.

A very common weed. June-Sept. Nat. from the South.

PORTULACACE^E. PURSLANE FAMILY.

PORTULACA, Tourn.

P. OLERACEA, L. PURSLANE; the " Pusley" of the farmer.

In cultivated land everywhere. Still used to some extent as " table

greens." July-Sept. Nat. from Eu.
P. pilosa, L.

Lowell, escaped (Dr. C. W. Swan). Int. from the South.

4 'Leaves linear, obtuse, with a tuft of hairs in the axils; flowers

purple; stamens about 20." Chapman's S. Fl.

CLAYTONIA, L. SPRING BEAUTY.

*C. Virginica, L.

Concord, introduced from Indiana by Minot Pratt. April-May.
'C. Caroliniana, Michx.

Ashby (E. Adams Hartwell). The Concord plant was introduced

from Vermont by Minot Pratt. April-May.

MALVACE/E. MALLOW FAMILY.
MALVA, L.

M. ROTUNDIFOLIA, L. MALLOW.

Common. June-Sept. Nat. from Eu.

18 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

M. cmpa, L. CURLED MALLOW.

Reading (R. Frohock) ; Ashland, spontaneous (Rev. Thos. Morong).
Adv. from Eu.

M. moschata, L. MUSK MALLOW.

Lowell, roadside (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Maiden (R. Frohock). July-
Sept. Adv. from Eu.

M. Alcea, L.

Dracut, roadside ; Lowell, railroad bed ; Hopkinton, roadside (Dr.
C. W. Swan); Medford (Mrs. P. D. Richards). Tending to
establish itself. Adv. from Eu.

M. BOREALIS, Wallm.

Lowell, Dracufc and Westford, near woollen mills, (Dr. C. W.
Swan) ; E. Cambridge, Sept. 12, 1881 (C. E. Perkins) ; Cambridge,
1884 (Walter Deane). A native of Eu., but introduced in California
wool, and so common in the vicinity of woollen mills that it may
fairly claim naturalization. Aug.-Sept.

" Annual, erect or somewhat decumbent, hairy or nearly glabrous ;
leaves round-cordate, crenate, more or less strongly 5-7 lobed;
peduncles axillary, solitary or clustered, 1 to 3 lines long ; calyx-
lobes acute, becoming very broad and enlarged in fruit ; petals 2 or
3 lines long ; carpels transversely reticulate-rugose." Bot. Cal.

SlDA. L.

S. spinosa, L.

Watertown (C.E.Perkins); Lowell, " dump" (Dr. C. W. Swan);
Maiden (F. S. Collins). Aug.-Sept. Probably introduced in
Southern cotton.

ABUTILON, Tourn.

A. Avicennce, Gaertn. VELVET-LEAF.

Somerville, Cambridge, Bedford, et al. Tending to establish
itself. Aug.-Sept. Adv. from India.

HIBISCUS, L.

H. moscheutos, L. SWAMP ROSE-MALLOW.

Widely distributed, but not abundant. Aug.-Sept.
H. Trionum, L. BLADDER KETMIA.

Ashland, occasionally escaped from gardens (Rev. Thos. Morong).

Adv. from Eu.

TILIACE>E. LINDEN FAMILY.

TILIA, L.

T. Americana, L. BASSWOOD. WHITE-WOOD. LINDEN.
Rather common. June.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 19

LINAGES. FLAX FAMILY.

LlNUM, L.

L. Virginianum, L.

Maiden, Melrose, Framiugham, et al. Not very common. July-
Sept.

L. sulcatum, Ridd.
Arlington (Wm. Boott). Specimen in the Boott Herb. Very rare.

L. usitatissimum, L. COMMON FLAX.

Occasional on " dumps" and along the roadside. June-July. Origin
unknown ; a weed of cultivation the world over. For description,
see Wood's Bot. & PI.

GERANIACE>E. GERANIUM FAMILY.

GERANIUM, L.

G, maculatum, L. CRANESBILL.
Common. May-July.

G. Carolinianum, L. CAROLINA CRANESBILL.
Maiden, Medford, Groton, et al. Not very common. A loose-
flowering form with long peduncles and pedicels is found in
Middlesex Fells, probably the plant credited to the same locality in
Bigelow's Fl. Bost., as G. dissectum. June- Aug.

G. dissectum, L. CUT-LEAVED GERANIUM.
Lowell, " dumps" (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv. from Eu.

G. Robertianum, L. HERB ROBERT.

Maiden, Melrose, Groton, et al. Not uncommon eastward. June-
Oct.

ERODIUM, L'HER.

E. CICUTARIUM, L'Her.

Chelmsford and Dracut, woollen mill yards (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; N.

Chelmsford, abundant and spreading, 1878 and 1880 (Rev. W. P.

Alcott) ; Winchester, 1885-6 (Mrs. P. D. Richards). Persistent, at

least for several years ; the common Erodium of the wool-waste ;

seems to have made a permanent settlement. Aug. Nat. from Eu.
E. Botrys^ Bertol.

Westford, woollen-mill yard (Dr. C. W. Swan). A native of South

Europe, but introduced in California wool.

"Leaves oblong, pinnatifid; the lobes dentate, obtuse; stipules

small ; sepals 4 lines long ; beaks of the carpels 2 or 3 inches long."

Bot. Cal.

20 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

E. moschatum, Willd.

Lowell and Westford, near woollen mills ; Chelmsford, numerous
thrifty plants in a garden dressed with wool-waste (Dr. C. W.
Swan). Adv. from Eu. via California.

" Leaves pinnate, the oblong ovate leaflets unequally and doubly
serrate; stipules conspicuous; pedicels mostly shorter and stouter,
(than in E. cicutarium) ; sepals larger, 3 or 4 lines long; odor
musky Bot. Cal.

IMPATIENS, L.

I. f ulva, Nutt. JEWEL-WEED.
Common. June-Sept.

OXALIS, L.

O. Acetosella, L. WOOD-SORREL.

Ashby, (E. Adams Hartwell) ; Concord, 1862 (Horace Mann). As
this plant was introduced into Concord by Minot Pratt, it is probable
that Mann's specimen came from this source. June. Very rare.

O. violacea, L. VIOLET WOOD-SORREL.

Newton (E. B. Kenrick, Hovey's Mag., 1836) ; Concord, 1862
(Horace Mann) ; Belmont, rare, open field, 1883 (Walter Deane) ;
Weston, rather common, 1887 (Walter E. Coburn) . May-June.

O. corniculata, L., var. stricta, Sav. (O. stricta, L., Man.)
Common. May-Sept.

RUTACE/E. RUE FAMILY.

XANTHOXYLUM, Golden.

X. Americanum, Mill. NORTHERN PRICKLY ASH.
Medford, Chelmsford, Westford, Acton, et al. Possibly introduced.
April-May.

PTELEA, L.

P. trifoliata, L. HOP-TREE.

Somerville, Medford, et al. Occasionally spontaneous. From
farther South. June.

SIMARUBACE^E,

AILANTHUS, Willd.

A. GLANDULOSUS, Desf . TREE OF HEAVEN.

In many places spreading from seed and by suckers. June. Nat.
from China.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 21

ANACARDIACE,*E. CASHEW FAMILY.

RHUS, L. SUMACH.

R. typhina, L. STAGHORN SUMACH.

Common. June-July.
R. glabra, L. SMOOTH SUMACH.

Common. The form var. laciniata, Carriere, has been found

along the F. R. R. in Weston. June-July.
R. copallina, L. DWARF SUMACH.

Rather common. July.
R. venenata, DC. POISON SUMACH. DOGWOOD.

Common. June.
R. Toxicodendron, L. POISON IVY. MERCURY.

Both the upright and running forms are very common. June.
JB. Cotinus, L.

Often found escaped, but can scarcely be considered naturalized.

June. Int. from Eu.

VITACE^E, VINE FAMILY.

VITIS, Tourn.

V. Labrusca, L. NORTHERN Fox GRAPE.
Common. A variety with white fruit occasional. June.

V. eestivalis, Michx. SUMMER GRAPE.

Groton (C. W. Jenks) ; Medford (George E. Davenport) ; Concord,
rare (Minot Pratt); Weston (L. L. Dame). Less common than
V. Labrusca. June.

V. riparia, Michx. (V. cordifolia, Michx., var. riparia, Man.)
Sudbury (Dr. C. W. Swan). The V. cordifolia reported at Concord
by Minot Pratt is probably this species. Rare. May.

AMPELOPSIS, Michx.

A. quinquefolia, Michx. WOODBINE. VIRGINIA CREEPER.
Common. July.

RHAMNACE^E. BUCKTHORN FAMILY.
RHAMNUS, Tourn.

R. CATHARTIC A, L. BUCKTHORN.

Medford, Framingham, Ashland, et al. May-June. Nat. from Eu.
CEANOTHUS, L.

C. Americanus, L. NEW JERSEY TEA.
Common. July.

22 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

CELASTRACE^E. STAFF-TREE FAMILY.

CELASTRUS, L.

C. scandens, L. ROXBURY WAXWORK. CLIMBING BITTER-
SWEET.
Rather common. June.

SAPINDACE^E. SOAPBERRY FAMILY.

STAPHYLEA, L.
S. trifolia, L. BLADDER-NUT.

Weston (Bigelow's PI. Bost.) ; not since reported in Middlesex, but
found (1886) in the adjacent town of Needham, in Norfolk Co.
May-June.

^ESCULUS, L.
JE. HlPPOCASTANUM, L. HORSE-CHESTNUT.

Propagates itself occasionally by seed. May-June. Int. from

Asia via Eu.

CARDIOSPERMUM, L.
C. Halicacdbum, L.

Somerville (C. E. Perkins). Adv. from the Southwest.

For description, see Wood's Bot. & PI.
ACER, Tourn.
A. Pennsylvanicum, L. STRIPED MAPLE.

Concord (Minot Pratt) ; Ashby (L. L. Dame). Rare. May-June.
A. spicatum, Lam. MOUNTAIN MAPLE.

Concord, int. from Wachusett by Minot Pratt; Ashby (L. L.

Dame). The elevated region about Mt. Watatic seems to be the

only county station where this maple grows naturally. June.
A. saccharinum, Wang. ROCK MAPLE. SUGAR MAPLE.

Not abundant. Apr.-May.
A. dasycarpum, Ehrh. WHITE MAPLE.

Lowell, Tewksbury, Bedford, et al. Not common native. March-
Apr.
A. rubrum, L, RED MAPLE. SWAMP MAPLE.

Very common. Apr.

POLYGALACE>E. MILKWORT FAMILY,

POLYGALA, Tourn.
P. sanguinea, L.

Common. July-Aug.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 23

P. cruciata, L.

Reading, Woburn, Bedford, et al. Not abundant. July-Sept.
P. verticillata, L.

Not uncommon. July- Aug.
P. polygama, Walt.

Maiden (F. S. Collins) ; Medford (G. E. Davenport) ; et al. Not

common except in the eastern towns. July- Aug.
P. paucifolia, Willd. FRINGED POLYGALA.

Widely distributed but not abundant. A form with white flowers,

discovered by Henry M. Pratt at Concord, thrives and spreads at

the expense of the type. May.

LEGUMINOS>£. PULSE FAMILY.

LUPINUS, Tourn.

L. perennis, L. WILD LUPINE.

Rather common, except in the eastern towns. Flowers sometimes-
white. May-June.

CROTALARIA, L.

C. sagittalis, L. RATTLE-BOX.

Chelmsford (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Cambridge (Bigelow's PI. Bost.) ;
Winchester, 1853 (Wm. Boott) station still existing; Concord
(Minot Pratt) ; Westou, fields, (John L. Russell, 4th Mass. Rep.
Agr.) Not common. July-Aug.

GENISTA, L.

G. TINCTORIA, L. WOAD-WAXEN. DYER'S WEED.

Maiden, scarce, but gradually coming in from Essex Co. (F. S.
Collins) ; Billerica (C. W. Jenks) ; Framingham (Miss J. W. Wil-
liams) ; Concord, 40 years ago a patch a rod in diameter, now cov-
ering half an acre (F. G. Pratt) ; Cambridge, a large patch has
existed for years in an open field off Broadway (Walter Deane),
probably the same locality mentioned by Tuckerman, 1841 (Notes,
Josselyn Rareties). June-July. Nat. from Eu.

TRIFOLIUM, L.

T. ARVENSE, L. RABBIT-FOOT CLOVER.

Common. July-Aug. Nat. from Eu.
T. PRATENSE, L. RED CLOVER.

Everywhere. Sometimes found with white flowers. May-Sept.

Nat. from Eu.

24 MIDDLESEX FLOKA.

T. HYBRIDUM, L. ALSYKE.

This plant, occasional throughout the county, has within a few
years become thoroughly established in the eastern and southern
sections. June-Aug. Nat. from Eu.

"Heads roundish, dense; peduncles axillary, twice the length of
the leaves ; pedicels deflexed after flowering, the inner twice or
thrice the length of the calyx tube ; calyx smooth with naked
throat, half the length of the corolla, with subulate teeth, the two
upper longer; stems ascending, very smooth, hollow; stipules
ovate, attenuate to a very acute point ; leaves rhomboidal-elliptic,
obtuse, serrulate. Lower leaves obovate; flowers white to rose-
color." Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ.

T. REPENS, L. WHITE CLOVER.

Very common. Possibly indigenous, but probably introduced
from Eu. May-Sept.

T. AGRARIUM, L. YELLOW OR HOP-CLOVER.

Widely distributed, but not very common. June-Aug. Nat. from Eu.

T. PROCUMBENS, L. LOW HOP-CLOVER.

Medford, Groton, et al. Not so common as the preceding. July.
Nat. from Eu. Form known as var. MINUS, Koch, occasional.

T. Dalmaticum, Vis.

Lowell, "dump" (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv. from Eu.
"Heads terminal and axillary, the axillary sessile or nearly so;
calyx naked at the base ; stipules dilated, at least the upper ; calyx
teeth not longer than the tube ; calyx sulcate in fruiting ; flowers
red ; stems decumbent, with appressed hairs." Cesati, Passerini
and Gibelli, Flora Italiana.

T. Macraei, Hook and Arn.

Wool-waste, N. Chelmsford (Rev. W. P. Alcott). Adv. from Cal.
"Somewhat villous, with appressed or spreading hairs, erect,
slender, a half to a foot high ; stipules ovate to lanceolate ; leaflets
obovate to narrowly oblong, obtuse or retuse, serrulate, about half
an inch long ; flowers dark purple, 3 lines long, in dense ovate long-
peduncled heads, calyx very villous ; the straight teeth as long as
the petals, often tinged with purple ; pod 1-seeded." Bot. Cal.

MELILOTUS, Tourn.

M. parviflora, Desf .

Lowell, "dumps;" Westford, woollen-mill yards (Dr. C. W.
Swan).

"Annual, smooth, erect, often 2 or 3 feet high, branching; leaflets
mostly cuneate-oblong, obtuse, denticulate, an inch long or less ;

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 25

flowers yellow, a line long, nearly sessile. Native of the Mediter-
ranean region, now widely naturalized in warm countries, and
common in California. Cattle are fond of it." Bot. Cal.

M. OFFICINALIS, Willd. YELLOW MELILOT.

Groton, Cambridge, Maiden, et al. Occasional in waste grounds.
June-Sept. Nat. from Eu.

M. ALBA, Lam. SWEET CLOVER. WHITE MELILOT.
Maiden, Medfbrd, Westford, et al. Sometimes found growing in
dense patches in out of the way places, apparently well established,
June-Sept. Nat. from Eu.

MEDICAGO, L.

M. sativa, L. LUCERNE. ALFALFA.

Cambridge, spontaneous in vegetable gardens ; Maiden, spreading
beyond garden limits (Sylvester Baxter) . This plant has a tendency
to die out when cultivation ceases, and can scarcely be said to have
effected a settlement. July-Aug. Int. from Eu.

M. LUPULINA, L. BLACK MEDICK. NONESUCH.

Common in the eastern part of the county. June-Sept. Nat.
from Eu.

M. maculata, Willd. SPOTTED MEDICK.

Lowell, woollen-mill yards; Chelmsford, in a field dressed with
wool-waste (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Somerville (C. E. Perkins) ; N".
Chelmsford, wool-waste (Rev. W. P. Alcott). This was erro-
neously given as M. denticulata in Mr. Alcott's list. Adv. from Eu.

M. denticulata, Willd.

Lowell, Billerica, and Dracut, woollen-mill yards ; the commonest
Medick of the mill yard, except possibly M. lupulina (Dr. C. W.
Swan). Adv. from Eu.

M. lappacea, Lam.

Westford, wool-waste (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv. from Eu.
"Smoothish; stems procumbent ; leaflets obcordate, dentate; stip-
ules ciliate-dentate ; peduncles 3-5 flowered ; pods spiral, smooth,
of three whorls, obliquely flexuous-nerved, margins aculeate, spines
long, hooked; seeds reniform, subtruncate, yellow." DC. Prodr.
II. 177.

M. laciniata, All.

Lowell, " dumps " (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv. from Eu.
" Stem erect ; leaflets linear, incised-dentate, truncate ; stipules
ciliate-dentate ; peduncles 1-2-flowered ; pods spiral, sub-globose,
very spiny, spines erect, subulate, hooked, compressed-canaliculate ;
margin thick, not sulcate nor zoned; seeds oblong-reniform."
DC. Prodr. II. 180.

26 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

M. minima L.

Lowell, " dumps ;" Westford, woollen-mill yard (Dr. C. W. Swan) ;
N. Chelmsford, wool- waste (Rev. W. P. Alcott). Adv. fromEu.
" Peduncles 1-2-flowered, longer than the leaves, shorter than the
spiral, sub-globose, spiny, slightly hairy pods ; whorls about 5,
loose, veinless, with narrow, obtuse, distichously spiny margin;
spines patent, subulate, straight with a hooked point, furrowed on
each side ; stipules ovate, shortly denticulate, the upper subentire ;
leaves obovate, denticulate; petioles, peduncles and stem pubes-
cent." Koch, Syn. PI. Germ.

M. prcecox, DC.

Westford, wool-waste (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv. from Eu.
" Stems prostrate ; leaves obcordate, denticulate ; stipules ciliate-
dentate; peduncles 1-2-flowered, short; pods spiral, smooth, plane
on both sides ; whorls slender, rugose, with thick, nerveless, plane
margin, spiny at the sides ; spines subdivergent, somewhat hooked
at the apex; seeds ovate-reniform." DC. Prodr. II. 178.

M. aculeata, Willd.

Westford, wool-waste (Dr. C. W. Swan).

" Leaves rhombic-ovate, dentate ; stipules dentate ; peduncles about
2-flowered; pods spiral, cylindric, flat at the sides; the whorls
muricate on the margin." " Patria ignota." DC. Prodr. II. 179

M. intertexta, Willd.

Westford, wool-waste (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv. from Eu. For
description see Wood's Bot. and PI.

TRIGONELLA, L.

" This genus is distinguished from MEDICAGO by the never spirally
twisted pod. The species with small, ovate-oblong pods are distin-
guished from MELILOTUS by the beak." Boiss. PL Or.
T. Cassia, Boiss.

Lowell, waste-heap (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv. from Asia Minor.
" Sparingly hairy ; short prostrate stems; leaflets, cuneate-truncate
or retuse, toothed at the apex; flowers solitary; lobes of calyx
somewhat hairy, linear-lanceolate, £ as long as tube ; corolla pale
violet li times as long as calyx; pod smooth, cylindrical, scarcely
curved, terminating in a beak about $ its own length, traversed
longitudinal anastomsing nerves." Boiss. PL Or.

PETALOSTEMON, Michx.

*P. violaceuS) Michx. PRAIRIE CLOVER.
Concord, introduced from Mich, by Minot Pratt.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 27

EOBINIA, L.
R. PSEUDACACIA, L. LOCUST.

Rather common. June. Nat. from the Middle States.

R. VISCOSA, Vent. CLAMMY LOCUST.

Lowell, escaped (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Ashland, sparingly naturalized
(Rev. Thos. Morong) ; Littleton, escaped (L. L. Dame). Slowly
spreading in favorable localities. June. Int. from Va.

R. HISPIDA, L. BRISTLY LOCUST. ROSE ACACIA.
Ashland, sparingly naturalized (Rev. Thos. Morong) ; Maiden,
where it has formed dense thickets, and is spreading (F. S. Collins) .
June. From the South.

TEPHROSIA, Pers.

T. Virginiana, Pers. GOAT'S RUE. TEPHROSIA.
Not found in the eastern towns, and nowhere very abundant. July.

DESMODIUM, DC.

D. nudiflorum, DC.

Common. Scape occasionally leafy. Aug.
D. acuminatum, DC.

Not uncommon. July- Aug.
D. rotundifolium, DC.

Not uncommon in the eastern part of the county. Aug.
D. rotundifolium, DC., var. glabratum, Gray.

Woods in Waltham (Bigelow's Fl. Bost., under Hedysarum humi-

fusum). County specimen in herb. Edwin Faxon. Aug.
*D. canescens, DC.

Roadside, Arlington, Aug., 1853 and 1869 (Wm. Boott).
D. cuspidatum, Hook.

Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Woburn (L. L. Dame). Rare. July-

Aug.
D. DiIlenii,Darl.

Medford (Mrs. P. D. Richards) ; Westford (Misses Fletcher and

Hodgman) ; Lowell, Dracut and Townsend (Dr. C. W. Swan) ;

Maiden and Wilmington (F. S. Collins) . Aug.
D. paniculatum, DC.

Widely distributed, but not very common. July.
D. Canadense, DC.

Rather common. A form with white flowers reported at Newton

by W. H. Manning. July-Aug.
D. rigidum,DC.

Not uncommon in the northern and western towns of the county;

reported also at Woburn by Mrs. P. D. Richards. Aug.

28 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

D. ciliare, DC.

Bedford and Dracut (Dr. C. W. Swan); Concord (Minot Pratt).

Rare. Aug.
D. Marilandicum, Boott.

Widely distributed, but not common. Aug.

LESPEDEZA, Michx. BUSH CLOVER.

L. re pens, Bart. ; including L. procumbens, Michx., Man.
Medford (G-. E. Davenport) ; Maiden (H. L. Moody) ; Framing-
ham (Rev. J. H. Temple) ; Waltham (Wm. Boott). Aug.-Sept.

L. violacea, Pers. (L. violacea, Pers., var. divergens, Man.)
Maiden (F. S. Collins) ; Woburn (L. L. Dame). Aug.

L. reticulata, Pers. (L. violacea, Pers., var. sessiliflora, Man.)
Rather common. Aug.

L. reticulata, Pers., var. augustifolia, Maxim. (L. violacea,
Pers., var. augustifolia, Man.)

Lowell, Groton, Westford and Woburn (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Med-
ford (G. E. Davenport) ; Newton (Wm. Boott). Aug.

L. Stuvei, Nutt.

Hopkinton (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Bedford (Edwin Faxon) ; Arlington
(Mrs. P. D. Richards) ; Westford (Miss Emily F. Fletcher). Not
common. Aug.

L. hirta, Ell.
Common. Aug.-Sept.

L. capitata, Michx.
Common. Aug.-Sept.

VICIA, Tourn.

V. SATIVA, L. COMMON VETCH. TARE.

Rather common. June-July. Nat. from Eu.
V. tetrasperma, Lois.

Lowell, "dumps" (Dr. C. W. Swan); Arlington (Mrs. P. D.

Richards) . Adv. from Eu.
V. hirsute!,, Koch.

Lowell, "dumps " (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv. from Eu.
V. Cracca, L.

Dracut, roadside (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Everett and Maiden (F. S.

Collins) ; Concord (Thoreau) ; et al. Not very common. July.

LATHYRUS, L.

L. palustris, L. MARSH VETCHLING.

Cambridge (C. E. Perkins) ; Medford (F. S. Collins) ; Wilmington
(Wm. Boott). June-July.

MIDDLESEX FLOE A. 29

L. sativus, L. CHICK PEA.

Lowell "dump" (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv. from Eu.
For description, see Wood's Bot. & Fl.

PISUM, L.

P. sativum, L.

Lowell "dump" (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv. from Eu.
For description, see Wood's Bot. & Fl.

APIOS, Boerh.

A. tuberosa, Moench. GROUND-NUT. WILD BEAN.
Common. July- Aug.

AMPHICARP.EA, Ell.

A. monoica, Ell. HOG PEANUT.
Not uncommon. July-Aug.

BAPTISIA, Vent.

B. tinctoria, R. Br. WILD INDIGO.
Very common. June- Aug.

CASSIA, L.

C. Marilandica, L. WILD SENNA.

Widely distributed, but not common. July-Aug.
C. Chamaecrista, L. PARTRIDGE PEA.

Arlington, Everett, Medford, Littleton, et al.

Not common. Aug.
C. nictitans, L. WILD SENSITIVE PLANT.

Chelmsford, Winchester, Holliston, Ashland, et al.

Not common. July-Aug.

CORONILLA, L.

C. varia, L.

Westford, woollen-mill yard (Dr. C. W. Swan). June-July. Adv.
from Eu. Likely to become established.
For description, see Wood's Bot. and Fl.

SCORPIURUS, L.

" Calyx short, campanulate, 5-toothed; the two upper teeth con-
nate beyond the middle, sub-bilabiate; keel acuminate-rostrate;
stamens diadelphous, the single filament dilated at the apex ; pod
elongate, circinately re volute, longitudinally furrowed, of 3-6 joints,
one seeded." Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ.

30 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

S. subvillosa, L.

Westf ord, near woollen-mills (Dr. C. W. Swan) . Adv. from Eu.
"Pod smooth, the interior ribs entire, the exterior bearing 6-8 stiff
spines, somewhat hooked at the apex." Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ.

ROSACES. ROSE FAMILY.

PRUNUS, Tourn.

P. Americana, Marsh. WILD YELLOW or RED PLUM.
Concord (Minot Pratt) ; Medf ord (L. L. Dame) ; Cambridge (fide
specimen in Gray Herb.); E. Lexington (C. W. Wellington).
Occasional ; fruit mostly dropping before maturity, or developing
into monstrosities. May.

P. maritima, Wang. BEACH PLUM.

Chehnsford, Tyngsboro and Tewksbury (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Wil-
mington (L. L. Dame). Rare. May. Possibly introduced from
the sea-coast.

P. SPINOSA, L., var. INSITITIA, Gray. BULLACE PLUM.
Found " in the woods near Mt. Auburn," by Oakes, whose speci-
men is in the Gray Herb. ; reported growing "on the banks of the
Charles," in Emerson's Trees and Shrubs, 1846 ; and observed in
1885 by C. F. Batchelder, in the same locality, " scattered along at
intervals for some distance." May. Nat. from Eu.

P. pumila, L. DWARF CHERRY.

Groton, Chelmsford, Medford, et al. N"ot very common. May-
June.

P. Pennsylvanica, L. WILD RED CHERRY.
Not uncommon ; abundant in the N". W. towns. May.

P. Virginiana, L. CHOKE-CHERRY.
Common. May-June.

P. serotina, Ehrh. WILD BLACK CHERRY.
Common. May-June.

P. AVIUM, L. ENGLISH CHERRY.

Often spontaneous in copses, and apparently established. May.

NEILLIA, Don.

N. opulifolia, Benth. & Hook. (Spiraea opulifolia, L., Man.) NINE-

BARK.

Cambridge (C. E. Perkins) ; Melrose (L. L. Dame). Escapes.

June.

SPIRAEA, L.
S. salicifolia, L. MEADOW-SWEET.

Very common. July-Aug.

MIDDLESEX FLOKA. 31

S. tomentosa, L. HARDBACK.

Very common. A white variety in Westford (C. W. Jenks). July-
Aug.

POTERIUM, L.

P. Canadense, Benth. & Hook. CANADIAN BURNET.
Dracut (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Littleton (C. E. Perkins). Scarce.

AGRIMONIA, Tourn.

A. Eupatoria, L. AGRIMONY.

Not uncommon, July-Sept.

GEUM, L. AVENS.
G. album, Gmel.

Rather common. July-Aug.
G. Virginianum, L.

Maiden (F. S. Collins) ; Cambridge (C. E. Perkins) ; Ashland (Rev.

Thos. Morong). June-July.
G. strictum, Ait.

Somerville (Bigelow's Fl. Bost.) ; Chelmsford and Tewksbury (Dr.

C. W. Swan) ; Medford (Mrs. P. D. Richards) ; et al. July.
G. rivale, L. WATER OR PURPLE AVENS.

Not uncommon. May-June.
*#. triflorum, Pursh. u Called in the West, OLD MAID'S FRIZZLES."

Concord, introduced from Wisconsin by Minot Pratt. May.

POTENTILLA, L. ClNQUE-FOIL.

P. Norvegica, L.

Rather common. July-Sept.
P. Canadensis, L. COMMON CINQUE-FOIL. FIVE-FINGER.

Very common. Apr.-July.
P. Canadensis, L., var. simplex, Torr. &Gray.

Very common. May-July.
P. argentea, L. SILVERY CINQUE-FOIL.

Common. June-July.
P. arguta, Pursh.

Westford (Misses Fletcher and Hodgman) ; Chelmsford (Dr. C. W.

Swan) ; Melrose (Rev. Thos. Morong) ; Concord (Thoreau).

Not very common. June.
P. Anserina, L. SILVER-WEED.

Marshes in Maiden, Medford, Everett and Cambridge. June-July.
P. fruticosa, L. SHRUBBY CINQUE-FOIL,

Reading, rare (W. H. Manning) ; Concord, rare (Minot Pratt) ;

Groton, abundant (C. W. Jenks). June-Aug.

32 MIDDLESEX FLOKA.

P. tridentata, Soland. THREE-TOOTHED CINQUE-FOIL.
Summit of Mt. Watatic, Ashby (L. L. Dame). The Concord plant
was introduced from the White Mts. by Minot Pratt. June.

P. palustris, Scop. MARSH FIVE-FINGER.
Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Maiden and Stoueham (F. S. Collins) ;
Cambridge (Geo. P. Huntington) ; So. Natiek (Rev. Thos. Morong) .
Not very common. June- July.

P. recta, Willd.

Found for several seasons in Maiden by F. S. Collins ; now extinct
in this station ; has grown for a dozen or more years in Concord,
near Monument street; scarcely established. Adv. from eastern
Eu. and Asia. For description, see Wood's Class-Book.

FRAGARIA, Tourn. STRAWBERRY.

F. Virginiana, Duchesne.

Common. May.
F. vesca, L.

Common in the north-western, but infrequent in the eastern section s
of the county. May-June.

DALIBARDA, L.

D. repens, L. (Rubus Dalibarda, L.")

Ashby, near base of Mt. Watatic (L. L. Dame). The Concord
plant was introduced from Vermont by Minot Pratt. June-July.

RUBUS, Tourn.

R. odoratus, L. PURPLE FLOWERING RASPBERRY.

Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Concord (F. S. Collins) ; Lexington

(A.E.Scott). Not common. June-July.
R. triflorus, Rich. DWARF RASPBERRY.

Widely spread, but not very common. May-June.
R. strigosus, Michx. RED RASPBERRY.

Common. Occasionally found with variegated leaves. June.
R. occidentalis, L. BLACK RASPBERRY. THIMBLEBERRY.

Rather common. June.
R. villosus, Ait. HIGH BLACKBERRY.

Common. The forms known as var. frondosus and humi-

fusus occasional. May-July.
R. Canadensis, L. Low BLACKBERRY. DEWBERRY.

Common. May-June.
R. hispidus, L. RUNNING SWAMP BLACKBERRY.

Common. June. The form known as var. setosus, Bigel.,

common.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 33

ROSA, Tourn.

R. Carolina, L. SWAMP EOSE.
Common. June-July.

R. lucida, Ehrh. DWARF WILD ROSE.
Very common. May-June.

R. humilis, Marsh. (R. lucida, Man., in part).
Arlington (Mrs. P. D. Richards) ; Weston (L. L. Dame) ; Concord
(Walter Deane) ; Ashby (Dr. C. W. Swan). June.
"In dry soil and on rocky slopes and mountain sides. Stems usu-
ally low (1 to 3 ft.), and more slender, less leafy, with straight
slender spines, spreading or sometimes reflexed; stipules narrow,
rarely somewhat dilated; leaflets as in the last, but usually thinner
and paler, glabrous or usually more or less pubescent, especially
beneath, and also the rachis (often prickly) ; flowers very often
solitary, the outer sepals always more or less lobed, often pinnately
so ; fruit as in the preceding." Watson in Revision of Roses of N.
A., Proc. of Amer. Acad., Vol. XX, 1885.

R. nitida, Willd. (R. lucida, Ehrh., Man., in part.)
Medford, Lexington, Woburn, Bedford, et al. Occasional in low
grounds. June.

" Usually low, nearly or quite glabrous throughout, the straight
slender spines often scarcely stouter than the prickles which cover
the stem and branches more or less thickly; stipules usually
dilated ; leaflets bright green and shining, usually narrowly oblong
and acute at each end, sometimes broader and obtuse, small (the
terminal % to 1^ in. long) ; flowers usually solitary (rarely 2 or 3) ,
bright red (\%. to 2)^ in. broad), the slender pedicels, receptacle,
and calyx densely hispid or glandular-prickly; sepals entire; fruit
globose, 4 or 5 lines broad." Watson in Revision of Roses of N. A.,
Proc. of Amer. Acad., Vol. XX, 1885.

R. RUBIGINOSA, L. SWEET-BRIER.

Widely distributed, but not very common. June-July. Nat. from
Eu.

R. MICRANTHA, Smith. SMALLER-FLOWERED SWEET-BRIER.

Occasional. June-July. Nat. from Eu. Too near R. rubiginosa,
and not separated from it by some botanists.

JR. cinnamomea, L.

Persistent in old gardens, and occasionally spontaneous. For de-
scription, see Wood's Bot. & Fl.

CRAT^EGUS, L.

C. Oxyacantha, L. ENGLISH HAWTHORN.

Occasionally spontaneous, but hardly naturalized. May-June.
Adv. from Eu.

34 MIDDLESEX FLOKA.

C. coccinea, L. SCARLET-FRUITED THORN.
Widely distributed ; infrequent eastward, but rather common in
other sections of the county. May.

C. tomentosa, L., var. pyrifolia, Gray.
Cambridge (fide specimen in the Gray Herb.) May.

C. tomentosa, L., var. punctata, Gray.
Shrubs closely approaching this form have been observed at Med-
ford and Hudson; and there is a specimen from Cambridge " inter-
mediate between pyrifolia and punctata" in the Gray Herb.
May.

C. subvillosa, Schrad. (C. tomentosa, L., var. mollis, Gray,
Man.)
Medford (L. L. Dame). Apparently native. Rare. May.

PlRUS, L.

P. COMMUNIS, L. PEAR.

Occasionally spontaneous, but less common than P. malus. May.

Nat. from Eu.
P. MALUS, L. APPLE.

Frequently spontaneous in pastures and woods. May. Nat. from

Eu.

P. arbutifolia, L., (var. erythrocarpa, Gray, Man.) CHOKE-
BERRY.

Common. May-June.
P. arbutifolia, L., var. melanocarpa, Gray.

Common. May-June.
P. Americana, DC. MOUNTAIN ASH.

Ashby and Townsend (L. L. Dame). Not common. June.

AMELANCHIER, Medic.

A. Canadensis, Torr. and Gray, (including var. Botryapium,

Man.) JUNEBERRY. SHADBUSH.

Common. Apr.-May.
A. Canadensis, Torr. and Gray, var. oblongifolia, Gray.

Common. Apr.-May.

SAXIFRAGACE>E. SAXIFRAGE FAMILY.

BlBES, L.

*JK. Cynosbati, L. PRICKLY GOOSEBERRY.

Concord, introduced from N. H. by Minot Pratt. May.
R. oxyacanthoides, L. (R. hirtellum, Michx., Man.) WILD

GOOSEBERRY.

Common. May.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 35

*R. rotundifolium, Michx.

Reading (W. H. Manning). June.
R. prostratum, L'Her. FETID CURRANT.

Ashby, rather common on and near Mt. Watatic (L. L. Dame).

May.
R. floridum, L'Her. WILD BLACK CURRANT.

Generally distributed in the northern and eastern parts of the

county, but not very common. May.
R. RUBRUM, L. RED CURRANT.

Spontaneous in several localities. May-June. Nat. from Eu.

PARNASSIA, Tourn.

P. Carol! niana, Michx. GRASS OF PARNASSUS.
Reading (W. H. Manning) ; Wakefleld (Mrs. P. D. Richards) ;
Groton (Q.W. Jenks) ; Frainingham, abundant (Rev. J. H. Temple) ;
Ashland (Rev. Thos. Morong). Rather scarce. July-Aug.

SAXIFRAGA, L.

S. Virginiensis, Michx. EARLY SAXIFRAGE.

Very common. Apr. -May.
S. Pennsylvania, L. SWAMP SAXIFRAGE.

Common. May-June.

MITELLA, Tourn.

*M. diphylla, L. MITREWORT.

Groton (Miss H. E. Haynes) ; Concord, introduced from Vermont
by Minot Pratt. May-June.

TlARELLA, L.

T. cordifolia, L. FALSE MITREWORT. Groton (C. W. Jenks) ;
Concord, introduced from Vermont by Minot Pratt. May-June.

CHRYSOSPLENIUM, Tourn.

C. Americanum, Schw. GOLDEN SAXIFRAGE.
Common. Apr.-May.

CRASSULACE/E. ORPINE FAMILY.

PENTHORUM, Gronov.

P. sedoides, L. DITCH STONECROP.
Common. July-Sept.

36 MIDDLESEX FLOKA.

SEDUM, Tourn.

S. ACRE, L. MOSSY STONECROP.

Melrose and Somerville (C. E. Perkins) ; Beading (Dr. C. W.

Swan). Int. from Eu., and sparingly naturalized. June-July.
S. TELEPHIUM, L. LIVE-FOR-EVER. AARON'S ROD.

Roadsides, rather common. July-Aug. ISTat. from Eu.

SEMPERVIVUM, L.

S. TECTORUM, L. HOUSELEEK.

Concord (Minot Pratt) ; Medford and Woburn, persistent and
spreading (L. L. Dame). Nat. from Eu. For description, see
Wood's Bot. & Fl.

HAMAMELACE^:. WITCH-HAZEL FAMILY,

HAMAMELIS, L.

H. Virginica, L. WITCH-HAZEL.
Common. Oct.-Dec.

HALORAGEy^E. WATER-MILFOIL FAMILY.

MYRIOPHYLLUM, Vaill.

M, spicatum, L.

Cambridge (Rev. Thos. Morong) ; Mystic Pond (Wm. Boott) .
Specimen in the Boott Herb. July-Aug.

M. verticillatum, L.
Fresh Pond, Cambridge (C. E. Perkins). July-Aug.

M. ambiguum, Nutt., (var. natans, of Man.)
Tewksbury (B. D. Greene) ; Spot Pond (Wm. Boott). Specimen in
Boott Herb. July-Aug.

M. ambiguum, Nutt., var. capillaceum, Torr. & Gray.
Townsend and Bedford (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Spot Pond (Rev. Thos.
Morong) ; Concord, abundant (Walter Deane) ; Mystic Pond (Wm.
Boott). Growing entirely beneath the surface.

M. ambiguum, Nutt., var. limosum, Torr.
Small ponds in Middlesex Fells (Wm. Boott). Growing in the
mud entirely out of water. Possibly this variety, with the one
immediately preceding, may be merely forms of the first, depend-
ent on the presence or absence of water and its depth.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 37

M. tenellum, Bigel.

Cambridge and Tewksbury (Bigelow's Fl. Bost.) ; Natick (Austin
Bacon) ; Silver Lake and Mystic Pond (Wm. Boott) ; Groton and
Westford (Dr. C. W. Swan). July-Aug.

PROSERPINACA, L.

P. palustris, L. MERMAID WEED.
Common. June-July.

TRAPA, L.

T. NATANS, L. WATER CHESTNUT.

Medford and Maiden (F. S. Collins) ; Concord River (C. W. Jenks).
Introduced from Europe, and, in the last locality, apparently
naturalized.

" Rootstock furnished at the joints with tufts of roots, each tuft
forming a pyramidal plume; leaves floating, about 1£ in. broad,
rhomboidal, thickish and nerved, bimucronately toothed, subpub-
escent at the nerves beneath ; petiole 2-3 times longer, distended
below blade into an oblong intumescence, filled with cellular pith,
and acting as a buoy ; flowers small, white, submersed, pellucid ;
peduncles 1-flowered, axillary." Bot. Reg., Vol. 1.

ONAGRACE/E. EVENING -PRIMROSE FAMILY.

, Tourn.

C. Lutetiana, L. ENCHANTER'S NIGHTSHADE.

Common. June-July.
C. alpina, L.

Generally distributed, but not so common as the preceding. July.

EPILOBIUM, L.

E. angustifolium, L. (E. spicatum, Lam.) GREAT WILLOW-

HERB.

Very common. July-Aug.
E. palustre, L., var. lineare, Gray.

Common. Aug.-Sept.
E. coloratum, Muhl.

Common. July-Sept.

CENOTHERA, L.

CE. biennis, L. EVENING PRIMROSE.

Very common. June-Sept.
CE. biennis, L., var. muricata, Lindl.

Cambridge (F. S. Collins).

38 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

CE. biennis, L. var., cruciata, Torr. & Gray.

Chelmsford (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Woburn (Mrs. P. D. Richards).
(E. biennis, L., var. grandiflora, Lindl.

Maiden, escaped (F. S. Collins).
CE. pumila, L.

Common. June-July.
CE. bistorta, Kutt.

Wool-waste, N. Chelmsford, abundant (Rev. W. P. Alcott) . Adv.

from Cal.

"Somewhat hirsute, the leaves sometimes appressed pubescent;

stems rather stout, decumbent or ascending, a foot or two high ;

leaves thinner, narrowly lanceolate to ovate, the upper mostly

sessile and rounded or cordate at base, all denticulate or dentate ;

petals 4 to 7 lines long, usually with a dark brown spot at base ;

capsule 4 to 9 lines long, a line or more wide, attenuate upward ;

seeds nearly black." Bot. Cal.
CE. bistorta, Nutt., var. Veitchiana, Hook.

Wool-waste, N. Chelmsford, rare (Rev. W. P. Alcott). Adv. from

Cal.

"More slender; capsule more elongated and narrowed (1 to li

inches long and less than a line broad), attenuate into a narrow

beak." Bot. Cal.

LITDWIGIA, L.

L. alternifolia, L. SEED-BOX.

Cambridge (Bigelow's Fl. Bost.) ; Tewksbury (B. D. Greene).
Dr. Swan reports at Lowell a form with fascicled, fusiform roots,
a character ascribed by the Man. to L. hirtella, Raf. Scarce.
Aug.-Sept.

L. sphaerocarpa, Ell.

Tewksbury (B. D. Greene); Waltham (C. E. Perkins); Billerica
and Concord (Wm. Boott) ; Bedford (Walter Deane) ; Lowell,
abundant on the banks of the Concord (Dr. C. W. Swan). Aug.-
Sept.

L. polycarpa, Short & Peter.

Waltham List ; Winchester, Winter Pond, 1886 (Wm. Boott). Spec-
imen in the Boott. Herb. Aug.-Sept.

L. palustris, Ell. WATER PURSLANE.
Common. July-Oct.

CLARKIA, Pursh.

C. rhomboidea, Dougl.

Wool-waste, N. Chelmsford (Rev. W. P. Alcott ; specimen in herb,
of). Adv. from Eu. For description, see Wood's Bot. & Fl.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 39

MELASTOMACEy^. MELASTOMA FAMILY.

RHEXIA, L.

R. Virginica, L. MEADOW BEAUTY.
Not uncommon. July-Aug.

LYTHRACE>£. LOOSESTRIFE FAMILY.

AMMANNIA, HOUSTON.

A. humilis, Michx.
Winchester, Winter Pond (Dr. C. W. Swan). Rare. July-Sept.

LYTHRUM, L.

L. Hyssopifolia, L. LOOSESTRIFE.

Maiden (W. H. Manning; Mrs. C. E. Pease); Medford (Wm.

Boott) ; Arlington (F. S. Collins). Rare. July.
L. alatum, Pursh.

Chelmsford (Miss C. E. Preston). Probably introduced in western

wool. June-Aug.
L. Salicaria, L. SPIKED LOOSESTRIFE.

Chelmsford (W. H. Manning) ; Ashland, rather common (Rev.

Thos. Morong) ; Framingham (Rev. J. H. Temple). Rare north-

ward. July-Aug. Possibly introduced.
L. acutangulum, Lag.

Lowell, a single specimen on the sandy bank of the Merrimac (Dr.

C. W. Swan).

" Herbaceous, leaves alternate, linear, lanceolate; pedicels short,

erect even in fruit; bractlets acute, very small; petals 6, oblong-

ovate ; stamens 12." DC. Prodr. Ill, 82.

, Commerson, Juss.

N. verticillata, HBK. SWAMP LOOSESTRIFE.
Common, especially in the northern part of the county. July-Aug.

CACTACE^E, CACTUS FAMILY.

OPUNTIA, Tourn.
*O. VULGARIS, Haworth. PRICKLY PEAR.

N. Reading, bank of the Ipswich river (J. Robinson, Flora of
Essex). June-July. Int. from farther south.

40 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

CUCURBITACEyE. GOURD FAMILY.

SlCYOS, L.
S. ANGULATUS, L. ONE-SEEDED STAR-CUCUMBER.

N. Reading, Maiden, Cambridge, et al. Growing by the roadside
or upon rubbish heaps. July-Sept. Nat. from farther west.

ECHINOCYSTIS, Torr. & Gray.

E. LOBATA, Torr. & Gray. WILD BALSAM-APPLE.
Lowell, Concord, Maiden, Weston, et al. In localities similar
to the preceding. July-Sept. Nat. from farther west.

UMBELLIFER>E. PARSLEY FAMILY.

HYDROCOTYLE, Tourn.

H. Americana, L. WATER PENNYWORT.

Common. July- Aug.
H. umbellata, L.

Occasional along the banks of Charles River, Martin's, Hammond's,

Fresh Ponds, et al. July-Aug.

SANICULA, Tourn.

S. Marilandica, L. BLACK SNAKEROOT.
Not uncommon. June-July.

DAUCUS, Tourn.
D. CAROTA, L. CARROT.
Rather common. July-Sept. Nat. from Eu.

HERACLEUM, L.

H. lanatum, Michx. COW-PARSNIP.

Natick (Austin Bacon) ; Concord (Minot Pratt) ; Townsend (Miss
H. E. Haynes) ; Melrose (Bradford Torrey). Rare. June.

PASTINACA, Tourn.

P. SATIVA, L. PARSNIP.

Throughout the county, but nowhere very common. July. Nat.
from Eu.

ANGELICA, L.

A. atropurpurea, L. (Archangelica atropurpurea, Hoffin., Man.)
GREAT ANGELICA.

Generally distributed, but scarce. Specimen from Watertown in
the Boott Herb. June- July.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 41

, L.

M. CYNAPIUM, L. FOOL'S PARSLEY.

Roadsides, Medford to Watertown (Wm. Boott). Nat. from Eu.
This plant has poisonous qualities, and serious results have some-
times ensued from confounding it with common Parsley, which it
somewhat resembles, but from which it may easily be distinguished,
when in flower, by its lack of a general involucre, and its long, hang-
ing involucels. July.

LIGUSTICUM, L.

*L. Scoticum, L. SCOTCH LOVAGE.

Cambridge (Bigelow's Fl. Bost.) ; Watertown (C. E. Perkins).
Rare. Aug.

THASPIUM, Nutt.

T . a u r e u m , Nutt . MEADOW PARSNIP.

Common in the northern and western parts of the county. May-
June.

ZIZIA, Koch. (Not ZIZIA of Man.)

Z. aurea, Koch. (Thaspium aureum, Nutt., var. apterum Man.)
Dunstable (Dr. C. W. Swan).

BUPLEURUM, Tourn.

B. rotvndifolium, L.

Cambridge, one plant in gravel sidewalk (Walter Deane ; specimen
in herb. of). Adv. from Eu.

CICUTA, L.

C. maculata, L. SPOTTED COWBANE. WATER HEMLOCK.
Common. July-Aug.

C. bulbifera, L.

Common. Aug.-Sept.

SIUM, L.

S. cicutaefolium, Gmel. (S. lineare, Michx., Man.) WATER

PARSNIP.

Common. July-Aug.
S. Carson i, Durand.

Tewksbury (Dr. C. W. Swan); Ashland (Rev. Thos. Morong).

Very rare.

CRYPTOT^ENIA, DC.

C. Canadensis, DC. HONEWORT.

Behnont, abundant in 1882 (Walter Deane: specimen in herb. of).
June-July.

42 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

OSMORRHIZA, Raf .

O. longistylis, DC. SMOOTHER SWEET CICELY.

Watertown, Belmont, Waverly, et al. Not uncommon. May-June.
O. brevistylis, DC. HAIRY SWEET CICELY.

Woods, Concord Turnpike (Bigelow's Fl. Bost.) ; Cambridge (B.

D. Greene) ; Maiden (F. S. Collins). Scarce. May-June.

CONIUM, L.

C. MACULATUM, L. POISON HEMLOCK.

Watertown (C. E. Perkins) ; Natick (Austin Bacon) ; Arlington
(Win. Boott) ; Waltham List. Rare. July-Aug. Nat. from Eu.

CARUM, L.

C. Garni, L. CARAWAY.
Occasional. July. Adv. from Eu.

ARALIACE/E. GINSENG FAMILY.

ARALIA, Tourn.

A. racemosa, L. SPIKENARD.

Rather scarce, but generally distributed. July.
A. hispida, Vent. BRISTLY SARSAPARILLA.

Rather common. June.
A. nudicaulis, L. SARSAPARILLA.

Common. May-June.
*A. quinquefolia, Gray. GINSENG.

Concord, introduced from Vermont, but does not thrive (Minot

Pratt). July.
A. trifolia, Decne and Planch. DWARF GINSENG. GROUND NUT.

Generally distributed, but not common. May-June.

CORNACE^E. DOGWOOD FAMILY

CORNUS, Tourn.

C. Canadensis, L. DWARF CORNEL. BUNCHBERRY.

Common. June.
C. f lorida, L. FLOWERING DOGWOOD.

Not uncommon. May-June.
C. circinata, L'Her. ROUND-LEAVED CORNEL.

Rather common. June.
C. sericea, L. SILKY CORNEL.

Common. June.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 43

C. stolonifera, Michx. RED-OSIER DOGWOOD.

Concord (Minot Pratt) ; Cambridge, under C. alba, Lam. (Bigelow's

Fl. Bost.) ; Woburn (L. L. Dame) ; Reading (W. H. Manning) ; et

al. Rather scarce. June.
C. paniculata, L'Her. PANICLED CORNEL.

Common. June.
C. alternifolia, L. ALTERNATE-LEAVED CORNEL.

Common. May- June.

NYSSA, L.

N. sylvatica, Marsh. (N. multiflora, Wang., Man.) TUPELO.
PEPPERIDGE.
Generally distributed, but scarce. May-June.

CAPRIFOLIACE>£. HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY.

LINN^EA, Gronov.

L. boreal is, Gronov. TWIN-FLOWER.

Not reported in the eastern part of the county, and infrequent in
the other sections. June.

LONICERA, L.

L. sempervirens, Ait. TRUMPET HONEYSUCKLE.
Marlboro (Mrs. A. M. Staples) ; Medford (L. L. Dame). Some-
times escaping from cultivation ; but abundant, remote from
dwellings, and apparently native in the Medford locality. June- July.

L. Tatarica^ L.
Occasionally spontaneous. May-June.

*L, hirsuta, Eaton. HAIRY HONEYSUCKLE.
Sudbury (Emerson's Mass. Trees and Shrubs, 1846). June-July.

L. ciliata, Muhl. FLY HONEYSUCKLE.

Townsend (MissH. E. Haynes) ; Framingham (Rev. J. H. Temple).
Rare.

DIERVILLA, Tourn.

D. trifida, Mcench. BUSH HONEYSUCKLE.
Common. June-July.

TRIOSTEUM, L.

T. perfoliatum, L. HORSE-GENTIAN.

Eastern and southern parts of the county. Not very common.
June-July.

44 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

SAMBUCUS, Tourn.
S. Canadensis, L. ELDER.

Common. July.

S. racemosa, L. (S. pubens, Michx., Man.) RED-BERRIED ELDER.
Ashby, not uncommon (L. L. Dame) ; occasional in other parts of
the county. In the Concord station the plant was introduced from
Wachuset by Minot Pratt. May.

VIBURNUM, L.

V. cassinoides, L. (V. nudum, var. cassinoides, Man.) WITHE-
ROD.

Not very common in the eastern part of the county; abundant at

Ashby and vicinity. June.
V. Lentago, L. SWEET VIBURNUM. SHEEP-BERRY.

Bather common. May-June.
V. dentatum, L. ARROW-WOOD.

Common. June.
V. acerifolium, L. MAPLE-LEAVED VIBURNUM.

Eather common. June.
V. Opulus, L. CRANBERRY TREE.

Groton (C. W. Jenks) ; Weston (L. L. Dame) ; Pepperell (Dr. C. W.

Swan) ; Concord, introduced from Vermont by Minot Pratt. June.
V. lantanoides, Michx. HOBBLE-BUSH.

Ashby, not uncommon (W. H. Manning). Not authoritatively

reported elsewhere. May-June.

RUBIACEyE. MADDER FAMILY.

GALIUM, L.

G. Aparine, L. CLEAVERS. GOOSE-GRASS.

Lowell, "dumps" (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Medford (C. E. Perkins) ;

Waltham List; Townsend (Miss H. E. Haynes). Bare. May.
€r. Mollugo, L.

McLean asylum grounds, Somerville (C. E. Perkins). Adv. from

Eu.
G. asprellum, Michx. ROUGH BEDSTRAW.

Common. July-Aug.
G. trifidum, L., (including var. tinctorium, of the Manual.)

SMALL BEDSTRAW.

Common. June-July.
G. triflorum, Michx. SWEET-SCENTED BEDSTRAW.

Generally distributed, but not very common. July.
G. pilosum, Ait.

Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Maiden (H. A. Young) ; Concord (Minot

Pratt) ; Waltham (Wm. Boott). Rare. June-Aug.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 45

G. circaezans, Michx. WILD LIQUORICE.

Rather common. Juue-Aug.
G. lanceolatum, Torr. WILD LIQUORICE.

Melrose, Maiden, Stoneham, et al. Not very common. June-July.
G. VERUM, L. YELLOW BEDSTRAW.

Arlington (Wm. Boott) ; Natick (Austin Bacon). Rare. July.

Nat. from Eu.

CEPHALANTHUS, L.

C. occidentalis, L. BUTTON-BUSH.
Common. July-Aug.

MITCHELLA, L.

M. repens, L. PARTRIDGE-BERRY.

Very common. A variety with white fruit has been reported at
Concord by A. W. Hosmer. June-July.

HOUSTONIA, L.

H. purpurea, L., var. longifolia, Gray.

Marlboro (Mrs. A. M. Staples) ; common in Woburn and Lexing-
ton ; less common in the adjacent towns, and rare in other sections
of the county. June-Aug.

H, ccerulea, L. BLUETS. INNOCENCE.
Very common. May-Aug.

COMPOSITE. COMPOSITE FAMILY.

VERNONIA, Schreb.

V. Noveboracensis, Willd. IRON-WEED.

Chiefly in the central and southern portions of the county. Not

common. Aug.
V. fasciculata, Michx.

West Medford, a flourishing patch in 1886, reappearing in 1887

(Mrs. P. D. Richards). Adv. from the West. Aug.

LIATRIS, Schreb.

L. scariosa, Willd.

Rather common. A form with flowers pure white reported at

Medford (Mrs. P. D.Richards). Aug.-Sept.
*L. spicata, Willd.

Framingham, rare, probably introduced (Rev. J. H. Temple) ;

Concord, introduced from 111. by Minot Pratt.

46 MIDDLESEX FLOE A.

EUPATORIUM, Tourn.

E. purpureum, L. TRUMPET WEED. QUEEN OF THE MEADOW.

Common. Aug. -Sept.
E. teucrifolium, Willd.

Medford (H. L. Moody; G. E. Davenport); Cambridgeport, as

E. verbenasfolium (Bigelow's Fl. Bost.) ; Framingham (Rev. J. H.
Temple); Melrose (Rev. Thos. Morong). Rare. Aug.-Sept.

E. rotundifolium, L.

Swain's Pond, Melrose (H. L. Moody; C. E. Perkins). Rare.

Aug.-Sept.
E. rotundifolium, X teucrifolium, (Fide Asa Gray.) Lowell

and Chelmsford (Dr. C. W. Swan). Aug.-Sept.
E. rotundifolium, L., var. ovatum, Torr. (E. pubescens,

Muhl., Man.)

Maiden (H. L. Moody) ; Arlington and Sudbury, under E. ovatum

(Bigelow's Fl. Bost.) ; Natick (Austin Bacon) ; Waltham List.

Not common. Aug.-Sept.
E. sessilifoiium, L. UPLAND BONESET.

Maiden (F. S. Collins) ; Woburn, abundant, Medford and Hudson

(L. L. Dame) ; Concord, rather rare (Minot Pratt) ; Waltham List.

Not generally common. Aug.-Sept.
E. perfoliatum, L. THOROUGHWORT. BONESET.

Common. Aug.-Sept.
E. perfoliatum, L., var. truncatum, Gray.

Dracut (Dr. C. W. Swan). Aug.-Sept.

" With the upper or even all of the leaves disjoined and truncate at

the base ; some of them alternate." Syn. Fl. ST. A.
E. ageratoides, L. WHITE SNAKE-ROOT.

Tewksbury and Dracut (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Maiden (H. L. Moody;

F. S. Collins) ; Waltham List. The Concord plant was introduced
from Wachuset by Minot Pratt. Scarce. Aug.-Sept.

E. aromaticum, L.

Maiden (H. L. Moody) ; Stoneham (F. S. Collins). Rare. Aug.-
Sept.

MIKANIA, Willd.

M. scandens, Willd. CLIMBING HEMP-WEED.
Lowell, Framingham, Medford, et al. Scarce. July-Sept.

TUSSILAGO, Tourn.

T. FARFARA, L. COLTSFOOT.

Somerville (C. E. Perkins) ; Marlboro (Mrs. A. M. Staples) ; for-
merly at Groton, now extinct (C. W. Jenks). The Concord plant
was introduced from Vt. by Minot Pratt. Scarce. Apr. Nat.
from Eu.

MIDDLESEX FLOKA. 47

SERICOCARPUS, Nees.

S. solidagineus, Nees. WHITE-TOPPED ASTER.

Medford (C. E. Perkins) ; Natick (Austin Bacon) ; Bedford (C. W.

Jenks) ; Chelmsford (Dr. C. W. Swan). Not very common. July-

Aug.
S. conyzoides, Nees.

Common. July.

ASTER L.

A. corymbosus, Ait.

Rather common. July-Aug.
A. macrophyllus, L.

Rather common. July-Aug.

A. radula, Ait.
Not uncommon. Aug.

A. patens, Ait.
Common. Aug.-Oct.

A. laevis, L.

Typical form and vars. laevigatus and cyaneus, Man. Com-
mon. Aug.-Oct.

A. undulatus, L.
Common. Aug.-Oct.

A. cordifolius, L.
Not uncommon. Aug.-Oct.

A. ericoides, L.

Westf ord (Misses Fletcher and Hodgman) ; Waltham List ; Med-
ford (Mrs. P. D. Richards); Bedford (C. E. Faxon). Sept.-Oct.

A. multiflorus, Ait.
Rather common. Aug.-Oct.

A. dumosus, L.
Not very common. Aug.-Sept.

A. Tradescanti, L., (not of Man.)

Cambridge (L. H. Bailey, Jr.) Specimen in Gray Herb. Aug.-
Sept.

A. vimineus, Lam. (A Tradescanti and var. fragilis, Man.)
Common. Aug.-Oct.

A. diffusus, Ait. (A. miser, Man.)
Rather common. Aug.-Sept.

A. paniculatus, Lam. (A. simplex, Willd., Man.)
Lowell, Tyngsborough and Marlboro (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Maiden
(F. S. Collins) ; Waltham List; Ashland (Rev. Thos. Morong).
Scarce. Aug.-Sept.

A. salicifolius, Ait. (A. carneus, Nees., in part, Man.)
Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Maiden (H. L. Moody) ; "woods on
Concord Turnpike ; (Bigelow's Fl. Bost.) Scarce.

48 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

A. Novi Belgii, L. (A. longifolius, Lam., Man.)

Widely distributed; not uncommon. Occasional with white

flowers. Aug.-Oct.
A. Novi Belgii, L., var. litoreus, Gray.

Not uncommon near salt marshes. Sept.-Oct.

<; Steins rigid, low, or sometimes 3 or 4 feet high, and then panicu-

lately much branched, very leafy ; leaves thickish and firm, very

smooth, (rarely upper face somewhat scabrous), oblong to lanceo-
late, upper partly clasping and sometimes auriculate : bracts of the

involucre loosely imbricated in several ranks, outer commonly

spatulate, all but innermost with broadish or obtuse herbaceous and

mostly thickish tips." Syn. Fl., N. A.
A. puniceus, L.

Common. Aug.-Oct.
A. puniceus, L., var. lucidulus, Gray, (var. vimineus, Man.)

Maiden (H. L. Moody) ; Medford (L. L. Dame). Sept.-Oct.
A. amethystinus, Nutt.

Westford (Misses Fletcher and Hodgman) ; Cambridge (H. L.

Moody); Arlington (A. E. Verrill) ; Belmont (Wm. Boott).

Scarce. Aug.-Sept.
A. Novae Angliae, L. New England Aster.

Rather common. Aug.-Oct.
A. acuminatus, Michx.

Common. Aug.-Sept.
A. nemoralis, Ait.

Tewksbury (Wm. Boott) ; Dracut (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Long PondT

Melrose (H. L. Moody). Rare. Aug.-Sept.
A. tenuifolius, L. (A. flexuosus, Nutt., Man).

Borders of Mystic Pond, Medford (Rev. Thos. Morong; specimen

in herb. of). Rare.
A. subulatus, Michx. (A. linifolius, Torr. & Gray, Man.)

Common along salt marshes. Aug.-Sept.
A. linariifolius, L. (Diplopappus linariifolius, Hook., Man.)

Common. A form with white flowers not uncommon. Aug.-Sept.
A. umbellatus, Mill. (Diplopappus umbellatus, Torr. & Gray,

Man.)

Common. Aug.-Oct.
A. infirmus, Michx. (Diplopappus cornifolius, Torr. & Gray,

Man.)

Concord (F. S. Collins) ; Acton (Dr. C. W. Swan). Rare. Sept.

ERIGERON, L.

E. Canadensis, L. HORSEWEED.
Common. July-Oct.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 49

E. bellidifolius, Muhl. ROBIN'S PLANTAIN.

Common. May-June.
E. Philadelphicus, L. FLEABANE.

Groton (C. W. Jenks) ; No. Reading (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Townsend

(Miss H. E. Haynes). Rare. June-July.
E. annuus, Pers. DAISY FLEABANE.

Common. June-Sept.
E. strigosus, Muhl. DAISY FLEABANE.

Common. The form known as var. dlSCOideus, Robbins,

occasional. June-Aug.

BOLTONIA, L'Her.

*B. asteroides, L'Her. (B. glastifolia, L'Her., Man.)
Concord, int. from Penn. by Minot Pratt.

BELLIS, Tourn.

B. perennis, L. ENGLISH DAISY.

Maiden, near B. & M. R. R., May, 1886 (F. S. Collins). Adv. from
Eu. For description, see Wood's Bot. and Fl.

SOLIDAGO, L.

S. squarrosa, Muhl.

Burlington (Miss M. E. Carter) ; Concord, introduced from Vt. by

Minot Pratt. The Burlington plant is unquestionably native,

though the locality is limited, and fortunately not easily found by

over-enthusiastic collectors. Aug. -Sept.
S. bicolor, L.

Common. Aug.-Sept.
S. bicolor, L., var. concolor, Gray.

Woburn (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Weston (Walter E. Coburn). Rare.

Aug.-Sept.
S. latifolia, L.

Not very common. Aug.-Sept.
S. caesia, L.

Common. Aug.-Oct.
S. puberula, Nutt.

Not very common. Aug.-Sept.
*S. uliginosa, Nutt. (S. stricta, Ait., Man.)

Waltham List; Concord, peat bogs (Minot Pratt). Rare. Aug.-
Sept.
S. speciosa, Nutt.

Westford (Misses Fletcher and Hodgman) ; Maiden (H. L. Moody) ;

Waltham and Arlington (Wm. Boott) ; Winchester (L. L. Dame).

Rare. Sept.-Oct.

50 MIDDLESEX FLOKA.

S. sempervirens, Michx.

Common along the salt marshes. Aug.-Sept.
S. neglecta, Torr. & Gray.

Common. Aug.-Sept.
S. neglecta, Torr. & Gray, var. linoides, Gray (S. linoides,

Soland., Man.)

Maiden, 1887 (E. H. Hitchings). Sept.
S. juncea, Ait. (S. arguta, of Man.)

Common. July-Aug.
S. arguta, Ait. (S. Muhlenbergii, Torr. & Gray., Man.)

Medford, Lowell, Tewksbury, et al. ; apparently more common in

the northern portion of the county. July-Sept.
S. rugosa, Mill. (S. altissima, L., Man.)

Common. jAug.-Sept.
S. ulmifolia, Muhl.

Dracut (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Maiden (H. L. Moody) ; Medford (Wm.

Boott) ; Melrose and Woburn (Mrs. P. D. Richards). Not very

common. Aug.-Sept.
S. odora, Ait. SWEET GOLDEN-ROD.

Widely distributed, but not very common. July-Aug.
S. nemoralis, Ait.

Common. Aug.-Oct.
S. Canadensis, L.

Common. July-Sept. A peculiar form near Fresh Pond, with the

stem perfectly smooth up to the inflorescence; leaves scabrous

above, ciliate, hairy on the veins beneath, (Walter Deane) .
S. Canadensis, L., var. procera, Torr. & Gray., Maiden,

(H. L. Moody).
S. serotina, Ait. (S. gigantea, of Man.)

Not very common. July-Aug.
S. serotina, Ait., var. gigantea, Gray. (S. serotina of Man.)

Medford (L. L. Dame) ; Maiden (H. L. Moody) ; Stoneham (W. H.

Manning) ; Waltham List ; Concord (Minot Pratt) . Not uncom-
mon. Aug.-Sept.
S. lanceolata, L.

Common. Aug.
S. tenuifolia, Pursh.

Silver Lake, Wilmington (J. R. Churchill) ; Tewksbury (Wm.

Boott ) ; the Concord plant was introduced from Weyrnouth by

Minot Pratt. July-Sept.

GRINDELIA, Willd.
G. robusta, Nutt. GUM-PLANT.

Lowell, "dumps" (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv. from Cal. For descrip-
tion see Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 51

INULA, L.

I. HELENIUM, L. ELECAMPANE.

Generally distributed, but not very common. July-Aug. Nat.
from Eu.

PLUCHEA, Cass.

P. camphorata, DC. SALT-MARSH FLEABANE.
Common along salt marshes. Aug.

SILPHIUM, L.

*S. laciniatum, L. KOSIN-WEED. COMPASS-PLANT.

Concord, int. from 111. by Minot Pratt. July.
*/#. terebinthinaceum, L. PRAIRIE DOCK.

Concord, int. from 111. by Minot Pratt. July-Aug.

PARTHENIUM, L.
P. Hysteropliorus, L.

Lowell, ' ' dumps " (Dr. C. W. Swan) . Sept. Adv. from the South .
For description, see Wood's Bot. & Fl.

IVA, L.

1. frutescens, L.
Common along salt marshes and tidal streams. Aug.

AMBROSIA, Tourn.

A, artemisiaefolia, L. ROMAN WORMWOOD. RAGWEED.
Very common. A form with fertile spikes from Maiden (F. S.
Collins) . July-Sept.

XANTHIUM, Tourn.

X. strumarium, L. COCKLEBUR.

N. Chelmsf ord, wool-waste (Kev. W. P. Alcott ; specimen in herb.

of). Aug. Adv. from Eu.
X. Canadense, Mill., var. echinatum, Gray.

Maiden and Medford (F. S. Collins) ; Westford, near woollen-mill

(Dr. C. W. Swan). More common near salt marshes. Aug.
X. spinosum, L. SPINY CLOTBUR.

Chelmsf ord, Lowell, Dracut and Westford (Dr. C. W. Swan). Aug.

Int. in wool from Trop. Am.

ECHINACEA, Moench.

*E. purpurea, Moench. PURPLE CONE-FLOWER.
Centralville, Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan); Waltham List. July.
Adv. from the West.

52 MIDDLESEX FLOKA.

RUDBECKIA, L.

R. laciniata, L.

Tewksbury, Lowell, Chelmsford, et al. Not very common. July-

Aug.
R. hirta, L. CONE-FLOWER.

Common. July-Aug.

HELIANTHUS, L.

H. annuus, L. COMMON SUNFLOWER.

Occasionally spontaneous. Aug.-Sept. Int. from Trop. Am.
H, strumosus, L.

Widely distributed. Aug.-Sept.
H. divaricatus, L.

Common. Aug.-Sept.
H. decapetalus, L.

Lowell and Tewksbury (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Medford (Mrs. P. D.

Richards) ; Maiden (F. S. Collins). Not common. Aug.-Sept.
H. petiolaris, Nutt.

Westford, woollen mill (Dr. C. W. Swan). Sept. Adv. from the

West. For description, see Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A.
H. TUBEROSUS, L. JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE.

Maiden (R. Frohock) ; Melrose (H. L. Moody) ; Somerville (F. S.

Collins); Concord (Minot JPratt). Scarce. Sept. Nat. ^from the

South.

COREOPSIS, L.

C. rosea, Nutt.

Winchester and Woburn (Wm. Boott). Abundant about Winter

and Round Ponds, but nowhere else in the county. Aug.-Sept.
C. aristosa, Michx.

Lowell, " dump " (Dr. C. W. Swan). Aug. Adv. from the West.
C. trichosperma, Michx. TICKSEED SUNFLOWER.
- Maiden and Melrose (F. S. Collins) ; Fresh Pond (Bigelow's FL

Bost.) ; Wakefield (Mrs. P. D. Richards) ; Concord (Minot Pratt).

Abundant where it occurs at all. Sept.-Oct.

BIDENS, Tourn.

B. frondosa, L. BEGGAR-TICKS.

Common. Aug.-Sept.
B. connata, Muhl. SWAMP BEGGAR-TICKS.

Not reported from the northern and western part of the county,

but common elsewhere. Aug.-Sept.
B. cernua, L. SMALLER BUR-MARIGOLD.

Widely distributed, but rather scarce. Aug.-Sept.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 53

B. chrysanthemoides, Michx. LARGER BUR-MARIGOLD.
Natick (Austin Bacon) ; Acton (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Bedford and
Billerica (C. W. Jenks) ; Concord (Minot Pratt). Not very com-
mon, and not reported in the northern part of the county. Aug.-
Sept.

B. Beckii, Torr. WATER MARIGOLD.

Lowell, Bedford, Woburn, Ashland, et al. Not very common.
Aug.-Sept.

B. Upinnata, L. SPANISH NEEDLES.

Lowell, "dump" (Dr. C. W. Swan). Aug.-Sept. Adv. from
farther west.

HEMIZONIA, DC.

H. fasciculata, Torr. & Gray, var. ramosissima, Gray.
N. Chelinsford, wool-waste (Rev. W. P. Alcott). Adv. from Cal.
For description, see Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A.

LAYIA, Hook. & Arn.

L. platyglossa, Gray. TIDY-TIPS.

N. Chelmsford, wool-waste (Rev. W. P. Alcott; specimen in herb,
of). Adv. from Cal. For description, see Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A.

BAERIA, Fisch. & Meyer.

B. gracilis, Gray, var. tenerrima, Gray.

N. Chelmsford, wool-waste (Rev. W. P. Alcott ; specimen in herb,
of). Adv. from Cal. For description, see Gray, Syn. Fl.N. A.

B. ullginosa, Gray.

N. Chelmsford, wool-waste (Rev. W. P. Alcott; specimen in herb,
of). Adv. from Cal. For description, see Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A.

ClLENACTIS, DC.

C. glabriuscula, DC.

N. Chelmsford, wool-waste (Rev. W. P. Alcott). Adv. from Cal.
For description, see Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A.

HELENIUM, L.

*H. autumnale, L. SNEEZE-WEED.
Concord, int. from 111. by Minot Pratt. Sept.

H. tenuifolium, Nutt.

Lowell, "dump" (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Maiden, cotton-waste, Gould-
ing's Mill (F. S. Collins). Adv. from the South. For description,
see Woods Bot. & Fl.

GALINSOGA, Ruiz. & Pav.

*G. PARVIFLORA, Cav.

Cambridge, waste places (Man. 2d ed.) Locally nat. from So. Am.

54 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

ANTHEMIS, L.

A. COTULA, L. (Maruta Cotula, DC., Man.) MAY-WEED.

Very common. July-Sept. Nat. from Eu.
A. arvensis, L. CORN CHAMOMILE.

Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan). June-July. Adv. f rom Eu.

ACHILLEA, Vaill.

A. Millefolium, L. YARROW.

Very common. Form with pink flowers not uncommon. July-
Sept.

CHRYSANTHEMUM, Tourn., L.

C. LEUCANTHEMUM, L. (Leucanthemum vulgare, Lam., Man.) OX-
EYE DAISY. WHITE-WEED.
Very common. June-July. Nat. from Eu.

C. Parthenium, Pers. (Leucanthemum Parthenium, Godron, Man.)
FEVERFEW.

Dracut, roadside (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Maiden (F. S. C611ins) ; Wal-
tham List. Escaped from gardens. July-Aug. Int. from Eu.

C. Balsamita, L., var. tanacetoides, Boiss. COSTMARY. MINT GERA-
NIUM. MINT. GOOSE-TONGUE.

Persistent in old gardens and occasional by the roadside. Aug.-
Sept. Adv. from Asia.

"A rayless or discoid form, known by its sweet-scented herbage,
barely serrate oblong leaves, and yellowish flowers ; when the rays
appear they are white." Syn. Fl. N. A.

MATRICARIA, Tourn.

M. discoidea, DC.

N. Chelmsford, wool-waste (Rev. W. P. Alcott ; specimen in herb,
of) . Adv. from Cal.

T. VULGARE, L. TANSY.

Common by the roadside; including var. CRISPUM of the Man.,
which is not uncommon. July-Aug. Nat. from Eu.

ARTEMISIA, Tourn., L.

A. VULGARIS, L. MUGWORT.

Lowell and Carlisle (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Maiden and Somerville
(F. S. Collins) ; Marlboro (Mrs. A. M. Staples). Aug.-Sept. Nat.
from Eu.

MIDDLESEX FLOEA. 55

A. biennis, Willd. BIENNIAL WORMWOOD

Cambridge (C. E. Perkins) ; Billerica (Dr. C. W. Swan). Aug.-
Sept. Adv. from the West, and tending towards naturalization.

A. ABSINTHIUM, L. WORMWOOD.

Cambridge (C. E. Perkins) ; Medford (G. E. Davenport) ; Maiden
(F. S. Collins) ; Groton (Dr. C. W. Swan). Aug. Nat. from Eu.

A. STELLERIANA, Bess.

Tewksbury, a garden escape (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Cambridge, grow-
ing in the sand on the bank of the Charles (Walter Deane; speci-
men in herb. of). Int. from the north-west coast, and locally nat-
uralized. "A foot or two high from a creeping lignescent base,
robust, densely white-tomentose, the tomentumof the stem cottony;
leaves obovate or spatulate in outline, sinuately or incisely pinnati-
fid ; lobes obtuse ; corolla glabrous ; akenes a line pnd a half long,
oblong, not contracted at summit; the coat utricular." Syn. Fl.
N. A.

GNAPHALIUM, L.

G. decurrens, Ives. EVERLASTING.

Dunstable and No. Acton (L. L. Dame) ; Medford and Ashby (Dr.

C. W. Swan) ; Framingham (Rev. J. H. Temple) ; Woburn and

Medford (Wm. Boott). Widely distributed, but nowhere common.

July-Sept.
G. polycephalum, Michx. EVERLASTING.

Common. Aug.-Sept.
G. uliginosum, L. CUDWEED.

Common. July-Sept.
G. purpureum, L. PURPLISH CUDWEED.

Lowell, "dump" (Dr. C. W. Swan). June.

ANAPHALIS, DC.
A. margaritacea, Benth. & Hook. (Antennaria margaritacea,

R. Br., Man.) PEARLY EVERLASTING.

Common. Aug.-Sept.

ANTENNARIA, Gaertn.

A. plantaginifolia, Hook. LADIES' TOBACCO.
Very common. April-May.

ERECHTITES, Raf .

E. hieracifolia, Raf. FIREWEED.

Very common. Aug.-Sept.

SENECIO, Tourn.
S. VULGARIS, L. GROUNDSEL.

Somerville (C. E. Perkins); Marlboro (Mrs. A. M. Staples);

Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Medford and Maiden (F. S. Collins). Not

common save in the towns near Boston. July-Oct. Nat. from Eu.

56 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

*tS. viscosus, L.

Lowell, waste ground (Dr. F. Nickerson) ; Aug.-Oct. Adv. from Eu.
"Coarser than the preceding, viscid-pubescent, strong-scented;
leaves once or twice pinnatifid ; heads rather larger, more peduncu-
late; involucre sparingly and slenderly bracteolate at base, its
bracts not black-tipped; rays with inconspicuous ligule; akenes
glabrous." Syn. Fl. N. A.

S. aureus, L. GOLDEN RAGWORT.
Common. May-June.

S. aureus, L., var. obovatus, Torr. & Gray, Melrose (F. S.
Collins).

S, aureus, L., var. Balsam itse, Torr. & Gray, Stoneham;
(Bigelow's Fl. Bost.) ; Woburn (C. E. Perkins).

CENTAUREA, L.

(7. Cyanus, L. BACHELOR'S BUTTON. BLUEBOTTLE.
Escaped from gardens. July-Aug. Int. from Eu.

C. NIGRA, L. KNAPWEED.

Chelmsford (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Acton (L. L. Dame) ; Billerica (C.
W. Jenks) ; and common for many years in the towns near Boston.
Forms with white and pink flowers not uncommon; occasional
forms with marginal flowers much enlarged. Aug. -Sept. Nat.
from Eu.

C. Jacea, L.

Spreading in a field in E. Lexington (Miss Eliza Wellington) . Adv.
from Eu.

" Heads usually larger (than nigra) ; brownish appendages of the
involucral bracts merely lacerate ; marginal flowers neutral and with
enlarged palmate corollas, forming conspicuous false rays ; other-
wise like nigra." Syn. Fl. N". A.

C. leucophcea, Jord.

What may be this species was collected at Westford, near the
woollen mills, by Dr. C. W. Swan. The plants are about a foot
high, with numerous pinnatifid radical leaves, and stem leaves
similar but smaller and less divided, the uppermost short and linear.
The heads are about the size of tbose of C. nigra, rose color, the
scales of the involucre conspicuously veined, with darker, ciliate tips.

C. benedicta, L. (Cnicus benedictus, L., Man.) BLESSED THISTLE.
Cambridge, waste-heap, a few plants, 1885 (Rev. Thos. Morong;
specimen in herb. of). Adv. from Eu.

CNICUS, Tourn., L.

C. LANCEOLATUS, Hoffm. (Cirsium lanceolatum, Scop., Man.) COM-
MON THISTLE.
Common. July-Sept. Nat. from Eu.

MIDDLESEX FLOKA. 57

C. altissimus, Willd., var. discolor, Gray. (Cirsium discolor,
Spreng., Man.)
Maiden (F. S. Collins). Scarce. Aug.-Sept.

C. muticus, Pursh. (Cirsium muticum, Michx., Man.) SWAMP
THISTLE.
Not very common. Aug.-Sept.

C. pumilus, Torr. (Cirsium pumilum, Spreng., Man.) PASTURE
THISTLE.
Common ; a white flowered form occasional. July- Aug.

C. horridulus, Pursh. (Cirsium horridulum, Michx., Man.) YEL-
LOW THISTLE.

Medford and Everett (F. S. Collins). Rather scarce, and found
only near salt water. June-July.

C. ARVENSIS, Hoffm. (Cirsium arvense, Scop., Man,) CANADA THIS-
TLE.

Very common ; a white flowered form not uncommon. July-Sept.
Nat. from Eu.

ONOPORDON, Vaill.

O. ACANTHIUM, L. COTTON THISTLE.

Watertown (Wm. Boott) ; Tewksbury (C. J. Sprague) ; Chelms-
ford (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Somerville (C. E. Perkins) ; Concord
(Minot Pratt). Rare. July. Nat. from Eu.

ARCTIUM, L.

A. Lappa, L., var. ma jus, Gray. (Lappa officinalis, All., var. major,

Man.) LARGER BURDOCK.

Westford, near woollen mill (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Maiden (F. S.

Collins). Aug.-Sept. Adv. from Eu.
A. Lappa, L., var. tomentosum, Gray.

Cambridge, waste-heap (Rev. Thos. Morong). Adv. from Eu.
A. LAPPA, L., VAR. MINUS, Gray. BURDOCK.

Very common ; a form with white flowers occasional ; also a form

with laciniate leaves. Nat. from Eu.

LAMPS ANA, Tourn.

L. COMMUNIS, L. NIPPLEWORT.
Medford (C. E. Perkins) ; Newton (C. J. Sprague). Nat. from Eu.

CICHORIUM, Tourn.

C. INTYBUS, L. SUCCORY. CHICORY.
Common, especially near Boston. July-Sept. Nat. from Eu.

KRIGIA, Schreb.

K. Virginica, Willd. DWARF DANDELION.
Common. May-June.

58 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

HYPOCILERIS, L.

"Involucre imbricate; achenium attenuate into a long beak, or
slightly attenuate and almost without beak; pappus plumose;
receptacle chaffy, chaff deciduous. Flowers yellow or golden."
Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ.
H. glabra, L.

N. Chelmsford, wool-waste (Rev. W. P. Alcott; specimen in herb,
of). Adv. from Gal., but a native of Eu.

" Stem branching, smooth, leafless ; ray florets as long as the
involucre; central achenia long-beaked, the marginal without
beak." Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ.

MICROSERIS, Don.

M. Douglasii, Gray.

N". Chelmsford, wool-waste (Rev. W. P. Alcott ; specimen in herb,
of).

" A very rare species, having been collected only by Douglas him-
self, over forty years ago," Watson in lit. 1879. Adv. from the
Pacific coast.
For description, see Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A.

LEONTODON, L., Juss.

L. AUTUMNALIS, L. FALL DANDELION.

Very common. Aug.-Oct. Nat. from Eu.
HIERACIUM, Tourn.

H. Canadense, Michx. CANADA HAWKWEED.

Rather common. Aug.-Sept.
H. scabrum, Michx. ROUGH HAWKWEED.

Common. Aug.
H.venosum,L. RATTLESNAKE- WEED.

Common. July-Aug.
H. paniculatum, L. PANICLED HAWKWEED.

Rather common. Ang.-Sept.
If. aurantiacum, L.

Reading, et al. ; occasionally spontaneous. June. Adv. from Eu.

For description, see Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A.

CREPIS, L.

" Annuals or perennials, with soft, white pappus and narrow-
necked or beaked akenes (some truncate or merely tapering
upwards) ; leaves entire or inclined to be pinnatifld ; flowers all
yellow." Coulter, R. M. Bot.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 59

C. fcetida, L.

Westford, woollen-mill yard (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv. from Eu.
" Stem erect, leafy, branching, hairy ; leaves hairy, runciuate-
pinnatifid, the uppermost lanceolate, deeply incised at the base;
peduncles drooping before flowering; beaks of the marginal
achenia shorter than the involucre, those of the interior longer ; the
entire involucre downy and villous; hairs simple and glandular;
bracts of the involucre lanceolate, acute." Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ.

PRENANTHES, Vaill.
P. alba, L. (Nabalus albus, Hook., Man.) WHITE LETTUCE.

Common. Aug.-Sept.
P. altissima, L. (Nabalus altissimus, Hook., Man.) TALL WHITE

LETTUCE.

Common. Aug.-Sept.
P. serpentaria, Pursh. (Nabalus Fraseri, DC., Man.) LION'S

FOOT. GALL-OF-THE-EARTH.

Tewksbury and Winchester (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Belmont and

Arlington (C. E. Perkins) ; Medford (Wm. Boott) ; Waltham List;

Concord (Minot Pratt). Not common. Aug.-Sept.

TARAXACUM, Hall.
T. of f icinale, Weber. (T. Dens-leonis, Desf ., Man.) DANDELION.

Very common. Apr.-July.

LACTUCA, Tourn.
L. Canadensis, L. WILD LETTUCE.

Common. Aug.-Sept.
L. integrifolia, Bigel. (L. Canadensis, var. iiitegrifolia, Torr. &

Gray, Man.)

Tewksbury (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Maiden and Melrose (F. S. Collins).

Not very common. Aug.-Sept.
L. hirsuta, Muhl. (L. Canadensis, var. sanguinea, Torr. & Gray,

Man.)

Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Maiden, Melrose, et al., not rare (F. S.

Collins). Aug.-Sept.
L. SCARIOLA, L. PRICKLY LETTUCE.

Maiden (F. S. Collins); Sonierville (C. E. Perkins); Cambridge

(Wm. Boott). Not common. Aug. Nat. from Eu.
L. leucophaea, Gray. (Mulgedium leucophseum, DC., Man.)

BLUE LETTUCE.

Widely distributed; not uncommon. Aug.-Sept.

SONCHUS, L.

S- OLERACEUS, L. SOW- THISTLE.

Maiden, Somerville, Westford, Framingham, et al. Not uncommon.
Nat. from Eu.

60 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

S. ASPER, Vill. SPINY-LEAVED SOW-THISTLE.
Maiden, Medford, Lowell, et al. Not common. Nat. from Eu.

LOBELIACEyE. LOBELIA FAMILY.

LOBELIA, L.

L. cardinalis, L. CARDINAL FLOWER.

Frequent. A form with white flowers is found in Melrose (Mrs. P.

D. Richards), and Bedford (C. W. Jenks). July-Aug.
*L. syphilitica, L. GREAT LOBELIA.

Concord, introduced from 111. by Minot Pratt. July-Aug.
L. inflata, L. INDIAN TOBACCO.

Common. July-Sept.
L. spicata, Lam.

Generally distributed, but not very common. July-Sept.
L. Dortmanna, L. WATER LOBELIA.

Fresh Pond, Martin's Pond, Dracut, Groton, Westford, et al.

Scarce. July-Aug.

CAMPANULACEyE. CAMPANULA FAMILY.

CAMPANULA, TOURN.

C. rotund i folia, L. HAREBELL.

Earely found native, except in the Merrimac River Valley, where
it is common. At Concord, it was introduced by Minot Pratt thirty
years ago, and has become thorougly established. June-Sept.

C. aparinoides, Pursh. MARSH BELL-FLOWER.
Common. June-Aug.

C. rapunculoides, L.

Tewksbury (Dr. C. W. Swan); Melrose and Natick (Rev. Thos.
Morong) ; Maiden (F. S. Collins). Adv. from Eu. July-Aug.

SPECULARIA, Heist.

S.l'perfoliata, A.DC. VENUS'S LOOKING-GLASS.
Rather common. June-July.

ERICACE>C. HEATH FAMILY,

GAYLUSSACIA, HBK.

G. dumosa, Torr. & Gray. DWARF HUCKLEBERRY.
Melrose (H. A. Young) ; Natick (Rev. Thos. Morong) ; Littleton
(L. L. Dame) ; Tewksbury and Newton (Wm. Boott). June.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 61

G. f rondosa, Ton*. & Gray. BLUE TANGLE. DANGLEBERRY.

Widely distributed, but not very common. May-June.
G. resinosa, Torr. & Gray. BLACK HUCKLEBERRY.

Common. May-June.

VACCINIUM, L.

V. Oxycoccus, L. SMALL CRANBERRY.

Ashby and Wilmington (W. H. Manning) ; Concord (Minot Pratt) ;

Natick (Rev. Thos. Morong) ; Littleton (L. L. Dame). Eare. June.
V. macrocarpon, Ait. CRANBERRY.

Common. June/
* V. Vitis-Idcea, L. COWBERRY.

Concord, introduced from the White Mts. by Minot Pratt, but does

not thrive. June.
V. Pennsylvanicum, Lam. DWARF BLUEBERRY.

Common. A form with black and shining berries destitute of

bloom, the var. nigrum of Wood, occasional. May.
*V. Canadense, Kalm. CANADA BLUEBERRY.

Townsend (Miss H. E. Haynes). May.
V. vacillans, Soland. Low BLUEBERRY.

Rather common. May-June.
V. corymbosum, L. SWAMP BLUEBERRY.

Common. May-June.
V. corymbosum, var. atrococcum, Gray.

Common. May-June.

CHIOGENES, Salisb.

C. hispidula, Torr. & Gray. CREEPING SNOWBERRY.
Shirley and Littleton (W. H. ^Manning) ; Tewksbury (B. D.
Greene) ; Concord (Minot Pratt). Rare. May.

ARCTOSTAPHYLOS, Adans.1

A. Uva-ursi, Spreng. BEARBERRY.
Widely distributed ; but not very common. May-June.

EPIG^EA, L.

E, repens, L. TRAILING ARBUTUS. MAY FLOWER. Ashby,
Littleton, Westford, Concord, et al. Common only in the north-
western part of the county. Apr.-May.

GAULTHERIA, Kalm.

G.Eprocumbens, L. WINTERGREEN. CHECKERBERRY. BOX-
BERRY. Common. July.

LEUCOTHOE, Don.

L. racemosa, Gray.
Maiden, Medford, Townsend, Ashland, et al. Not common. June.

62 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

CASSANDRA, Don.

C. calyculata, Don. LEATHER-LEAF.
Common. April-May.

ANDROMEDA, L.
A. polifolia, L.

Tewksbury, Dracut, Reading, Concord, Littleton, et al. Not com-
mon. June.
A. ligustrina, Muhl.
Common. June-July.

CLETHRA, L.

C. alnifolia, L. WHITE ALDER. SWEET PEPPERBUSH.
Common. July-Aug.

CALLUNA, Salisb.

C. vulgaris, Salisb. HEATHER.

This rare plant was discovered for the first time upon the American
mainland, by Jackson Dawson, in July, 1861, on low grounds in
Tewksbury. A second station has since been found in W. Andover,
Essex Co., five miles from the Tewksbury locality, of the "green
and smoothish variety precisely like the Tewksbury plant," Gray.
Subsequent discoveries of the Calluna at many different points
northward favor the conclusion that it is really indigenous hi
America. Mr. Dawson states that the Tewksbury station, never a
large one, is decreasing in area, partly from the inroads of botan-
ists, and partly from the encroachments of the woods beneath the
shade of which the heather almost always disappears. The for-
bearance of collectors with the timely removal of a few shrubs
would undoubtedly preserve this interesting survival of a former
flora. July-Aug.

KALMIA, L.

K. latifolia, L. MOUNTAIN LAUREL.

Common in the northern towns, but rare elsewhere. June.
K. angustifolia, L. SHEEP LAUREL. LAMBKILL.

Common. June.
K. glauca, Ait. PALE LAUREL.

Ashby and Littleton (L. L. Dame) ; Westf ord (Misses Fletcher and

Hodgman) ; Concord (G. E. Davenport) ; Natick (Austin Bacon) ;

Groton and Carlisle (C. W. Jenks) ; Acton (Walter Deane). May.

RHODODENDRON, L.

R. viscosum, Torr. (Azalea viscosa, L., Man.) WHITE SWAMP
HONEYSUCKLE. SWAMP PINK.
Common. June-July.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 63

R. viscosum, Torr., var. glaucum, Gray.

Concord (H. S. Richardson) ; Tewksbury (L. L. Dame) ; Medford

(G. E. Davenport). June-July.
R. nudiflorum, Torr. (Azalea nudiflora, L., Man.) PINK

AZALEA. PINXTER-FLOWER.

Concord, Ashland, Framingham, Townsend, et al. Rare in the

eastern part of the county. May-June.
R. Rhodora, Don. (Rhoclora Candadensis, L., Man.)

Frequent. May.

LEDUM, L.

L. latifolium, Ait. LABRADOR TEA.

Townsend (E. H. Hitchings) ; Concord (G. E . Davenport) ; Natick
(Austin Bacon) ; Littleton (W. H. Manning). Rare. May-June.

PYROLA, Tourn.

P. rotundifolia, L.

Common. June-July.
*P. rotundifolia, L. var asarifolia, Hook.

Concord (Thoreau) ; Stoneham (Wm. Boott). July.
P. elliptica, Nutt. SHIN-LEAF.

Common. June-July.
P. chlorantha, Swartz.

Common. June-July.
P. secunda, L.

Rather common. July.

MONESES, Salisb.

M. uniflora, Gray. ONE-FLOWERED PYROLA.
Stoneham (C. E. Dotey) ; Reading (C. E. Perkins) ; Natick (Austin
Bacon) ; Townsend (Miss H. E. Haynes). Scarce. June.

CHIMAPHILA, Pursh.

C. umbellata, Nutt. PRINCE'S PINE. PIPSISSEWA.

Common. July.
C. maculata, Pursh. SPOTTED WINTERGREEN.

Generally distributed, but not common. Seldom more than a few

plants in one locality. July.

MONOTROPA, L.

M, uniflora, L. INDIAN PIPE.

Common. June-July.
M. Hypopitys, L. PINE-SAP.

Common. June-July.

64 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

ILICINE/E. (AQUIFOLIACE^E, MAN.)

ILEX, L.

I. verticillata, Gray. BLACK ALDER. WINTERBERRY.

Common. June.
I-llsevigata, Gray. SMOOTH WINTERBERRY.

Arlington, Cambridge and Lexington (Wm. Boott) ; Concord

(Minot Pratt). Scarce. June.

NEMOPANTHES, Raf.

N. Canadensis, DC. MOUNTAIN HOLLY.
Rather common. May.

PLANTAGINACE>E. PLANTAIN FAMILY.

£T PLANTAGO, L.

P. MAJOR, L. PLANTAIN.

Very common. June-Sept. Nat. from Eu. A form with panicled
inflorescence found in Cambridge by C. E. Richardson is repre-
sented in the county herbarium. A form with very large thin
leaves, lower side scabrous, found in Medf ord, 1866, by Wm. Boott,
is in the Gray Herb. Nat. from Eu.

P. Rugelii, Decne. (P. Kamtschatica of the Man.)
June-Sept. Very common, and usually confounded with the last
species, from which it is distinguished by commonly thinner leaves,
with often reddish petioles, longer and more tapering spikes,
narrower oblong sepals, capsules opening below the middle, and
seeds without reticulation.

P. decipiens, Barn. (P. maritima, L., var. juncoides, Gray.
Man.) SEASHORE PLANTAIN.
Common on salt marshes.

P. LANCEOLATA, L. RlBGRASS. ENGLISH PLANTAIN.

Common. June-July. Nat. from Eu.
P. Patagonica, Jacq., var. spinulosa, Gray.

Somerville (C. E. Perkins). Adv. from farther West.

UA canescent form with aristately prolonged and rigid bracts."

Syn. Fl. N. A.
P. Patagomca, Jacq., var. aristata, Gray.

Maiden (F. S. Collins). Adv. from farther West.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 65

PLUMBAGINACE>£. LEADWORT FAMILY.

STATICE, Tourn.

S. Limonium, L., var. Caroliniana, Gray. SEA LAVENDER.
MARSH ROSEMARY.
Very common on salt marshes. Aug.-Sept.

^

PRIMULACE^E. PRIMROSE FAMILY.

DODECATHEON, L.

*D. Meadia, L. AMERICAN COWSLIP. SHOOTING STAR.
Concord, introduced from the West by Minot Pratt. May- June.

TRIENTALIS, L.

T. Americana, Pursh. STAR-FLOWER. CHICKWEED WINTER-
GREEN .
Common. May-June.

LYSIMACHIA, Tourn.

L. thyrsif lora, L. TUFTED LOOSESTRIFE.
Rather common, at least in the eastern part of the county. June-
July.

L. stricta, Ait.
Common. July-Aug.

L. quadrifolia, L.
Common. June-July.

L. NUMMULARIA, L. MONEYWORT.

Medford (C. E. Perkins) ; Stoneham (F. S. Collins) ; Townsend
(Miss H. E. Haynes). July-Aug. Introduced from Eu., and spar-
ingly naturalized.

L. VULGARIS, L.

Stoneham, roadside (F. S. Collins) ; abundantly naturalized in a
swamp near Spy Pond (L. H. Bailey, Jr.) Specimen in Gray
Herb. Aug. For description, see Gray, School and Field Book.
STEIRONEMA, Raf .

S. ciliatum, Raf. (Lysimachia ciliata, L., Man.)
Found throughout the county, but rare in the eastern part. July.

S. lanceolatum, Gray. (Lysimachia lanceolata, Walt., Man).
Common. June-July.

*S. lanceolatum, Gray, var. hybridum, Gray.
Concord, common (Minot Pratt). June-July.

66 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

S. lanceolatum, Gray, var. angustifolium, Gray.

Maiden (R. Frohock) ; Concord, common (Minot Pratt) ; Newton
(F. S. Collins). June-July.

GLAUX, L.

G. maritima, L. SEA-MILKWORT.

Somerville, bank of the Mystic (F. S. Collins). Scarce. June.

ANAGALLIS, Tourn.

A. ARVENSIS, L. PIMPERNEL.

Medford (Wm. Boott); Maiden (H. A. Young). Rare. June-Sept.
Nat. from Eu.

SAMOLUS, L.

S. Valerandi, L., var. Americanus, Gray. WATER PIMPER-
NEL. BROOKWEED.

Medford (Wm. Boott); Winchester (C. E. Perkins). Rare.
June-Aug.

HOTTONIA, L.

H. inflata, Ell. FEATHERFOIL.

Maiden (F. S. Collins) ; Medford (G. E. Davenport) ; Stoneham
(L. L. Dame). June-July. Not reported outside the limits of
Middlesex Fells, save at Hammond's Pond, by Wm. Boott.

LENTIBULARIACE>E. BLADDERWORT FAMILY.

UTRICULARIA, L.

U. inflata, Walt. INFLATED BLADDERWORT.
Rather common. July-Aug.

U. vulgaris, L., var. Americana, Gray. GREATER BLAD-
DERWORT.
Rather common. July-Aug.

U. minor, L. SMALLER BLADDERWORT.

Tewksbury (Wm. Boott) ; Spot Pond, Medford (Rev. Thomas
Morong) ; Reading (fide specimen in herb, B. S. N. H.) June-July.

U. intermedia, Hayne.

Reading, Cambridge, Ashland, Townsend, et al. Not uncommon.
July-Aug.

U. gibba, L.

Spot Pond, Medford (G. E. Davenport) ; Hammond's Pond, New-
ton (C. E. Faxon) ; Waushakum Pond, Ashland (Rev. Thos.
Morong) ; Flat Pond, Groton (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Westford (W. H.
Manning). Widely distributed, but infrequent. July-Sept.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 67

U. purpurea, Walt. PURPLE BLADDER WORT.

Generally distributed, but not common. Aug.-Sept.
U. resupinata, Greene.

Round Pond, Tewksbury, Aug. 24, 1865 ; Silver Lake, Wilmington,

Aug. 4, 1869 (Wm. Boott). Very rare.
U. cornuta, Michx.

Common. July-Aug.

OROBANCHACE>£. BROOM-RAPE FAMILY.

EPIPHEGUS, Nutt.

E. Virginiana, Bart. BEECH-DROPS.

Arlington, Cambridge and Winchester (Wm. Boott); Waltham
List; Framingham (Rev. J. H. Temple). Not common. Aug.-
Sept.

APHYLLON, Mitch.

A. uniflorum, Gray. ONE-FLOWERED CANCER -ROOT. BROOM-
RAPE.
Common. June.

SCROPHULARIACE/E. FIGWORT FAMILY.

VERBASCUM, L.

V. THAPSUS, L. MULLEIN.

Common. July-Sept. Nat. from Eu.
V. BLATTARIA, L. MOTH MULLEIN.

Maiden (F. S. Collins) ; Concord (Minot Pratt) ; Stoneham (Mrs.

P.D.Richards). Scarce. June-July. Nat. from Eu.
V. Lychnitis, L. WHITE MULLEIN.

Westford (W. E. Coburn). June-Aug. Adv. from Eu.

LIN ARIA, Tourn.

L. Canadensis, Dumont. TOAD-FLAX.

Common. A specimen from Chelmsford, collected by Dr. F. Nick-
erson, has the regular five-parted flower of the Peloria state. June-
Sept.

L. VULGARIS, Mill. TOAD-FLAX. BUTTER-AND-EGGS.
Common. July-Sept. Nat. from Eu.

L. Cymbalaria, Mill. COLISEUM-IVY.

Lowell, "dumps" (Dr. C. W. Swan); Maiden (F. S. Collins).
Adv. from Eu. For description, see Wood's Bot. & PL

68 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

SCROPHULARIA, Toum.

S. nodosa, L. FIGWORT.

Chelmsford (Dr. O. W. Swan) ; Stoneham (C. E. Dotey) ; Water-
town (C. E. Perkins) ; Cambridge (Walter Deane) ; Concord (Minot
Pratt) . Rare. June-July.

CHELONE, Tourn.
C. glabra, L. SNAKE-HEAD.
Common. July-Sept.

PENTSTEMON, Mitch.

P. pubescens, Soland.

Framingham (Rev. J. H. Temple) ; Townsend, 1886 (E. H. Hitch-
ings). Rare. July- Aug.

MIMULUS, L.

M. ringens, L- MONKEY-FLOWER.

Common. July-Sept.
M. brevipes, Benth.

Wool-waste, N. Chelmsford (Rev. W. P. Alcott; specimen in herb.

of) . Adv. from Cal. For description, see Gray, Syn. Fl. N". A.

GRATIOLA, L.
G. Virginiana, L.

Mystic Pond, Medford (Wm. Boott) ; Somerville (C. E. Perkins) ;
Concord (Minot Pratt) . Scarce. July-Sept.
G. aurea, Muhl. HEDGE-HYSSOP.

Common. The white variety has been found at Winchester, by
W. H. Manning ; both the white and light yellow varieties at West-
ford, by Dr. C. W. Swan. July-Sept.

ILYSANTHES, Raf.

I. gratioloides, Benth. FALSE PIMPERNEL.
Rather common. July-Aug.

VERONICA, L.

V. Americana, Schwein. AMERICAN BROOKLIME.

Westford (Dr. C. W. Swan). Rare. June- Aug.
V. scutellata, L. MARSH SPEEDWELL.

Rather common. June-Sept.
V. officinalis, L. SPEEDWELL.

Westford (Miss Emily F. Fletcher) ; Arlington (L. L. Dame) ; Na-

tick (Austin Bacon) ; Concord (Minot Pratt) ; Acton (Walter

Deane). Scarce. June-July.
V. serpyllifolia, L. THYME-LEAVED SPEEDWELL.

Common. May-Sept.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 69

V. peregrina, L. NECKWEED. PURSLANE SPEEDWELL.

Somerville, Cambridge, Belmont, Concord, et al. Rather common.

May-June.
V. ARVENSIS, L. CORN SPEEDWELL.

Rather common. May-June. Nat. from Eu.
V. spicata, L.

Roadside, IS". Chelmsf ord (Dr. C. W. Swan) . Adv. from Eu. For

description, see Wood's Bot. & Fl.
V. AGRESTIS, L. FIELD SPEEDWELL.

Reading (C. E. Perkins); Framingham (Rev. J. H. Temple).

Rare. Nat. from Eu.

GERARDIA, L.

G. purpurea, L., var. paupercula, Gray. PURPLE GERARDIA.
Common. A form with white flowers has been reported at Low-
ell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Maiden (F. S. Collins) ; and Concord (Minot
Pratt) . July-Sept.

G. maritima, Raf. SEASIDE GERARDIA.

Common on salt marshes ; Concord, introduced by Minot Pratt.
Aug.

G. tenuifolia, Vahl. SLENDER GERARDIA.
Common. A form with white flowers is found at Maiden (F. S.

- Collins). July-Sept.

G. f lava, L. DOWNY FALSE FOXGLOVE.
Rather common. July- Aug.

G. quercifolia, Pursh. SMOOTH FALSE FOXGLOVE.
Generally distributed, but not very common. July-Aug.

G. pedicularia, L.
Common. Aug-Sept.

CASTILLEIA, Mutis.

C. cocci nea, Spreng. PAINTED CUP.

Throughout the county, but not common in the towns near Boston.
A variety with yellow bracts in Tewksbury and Dracut (Rev.
J. L. Russell, Hovey's Mag., Vol. VII). May-June.

ORTHOCARPUS, Nutt.

O. purpurascens, Benth.

Wool-waste, N". Chelmsf ord (Rev. W. P. Alcott: specimen in
herb. of). Adv. from coast of Cal. For description, see Gray,
Syn. Fl. N. A.

PEDICULARIS, Tourn.

P. Canadensis, L. LOUSEWORT. WOOD BETONY.
Common. May-June.

70 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

MELAMPYRUM, Tourn.

M. Americanum, Michx. COW-WHEAT.
Common. May-Sept.

VERBENACE>£. VERVAIN FAMILY.

VERBENA, L.
V. hastata, L. BLUE VERVAIN.

Common. A form with pink flowers at Winchester (Mrs. P. D.

Richards). June-Sept.
V. urticaefolia, L. WHITE VERVAIN.

Common. July-Sept.
* V. officinalis, L. EUROPEAN VERVAIN.

Frarningham (Rev. J. H. Temple) . Adv. from Eu.
V. bracteosa, Michx.

Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan); Cambridge (C. E. Perkins). Aug.

Adv. from the West.

PHRYMA, L.

P. Leptostachya, L. LOPSEED.
Maiden, Arlington, Woburn, et? al. Not common. June-July.

LABIATVE. MINT FAMILY.

TEUCRIUM, L.

T. Canadense, L. GERMANDER. WOOD SAGE.
Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Framingham (Rev. J. H. Temple) ;
Cambridge, Watertown, Medford, et al. Not uncommon near salt
water, but rare elsewhere. July-Aug.

TRICHOSTEMA, L.

T. dichotomum, L. BLUE CURLS.
Common. July-Sept.

MENTHA, L.

M. VIRIDIS, L. SPEARMINT.

Rather common. July-Aug. Nat. from Eu.
M. PIPERITA, L. PEPPERMINT.

Rather common. July-Sept. Nat. from Eu.
M. sativa, L. WHORLED MINT.

Chelmsford, roadside (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv. from Eu.
M. ARVENSIS, L. CORN MINT.

Cambridge, (fide specimen in Gray Herb.) ; Wakefleld (F. S. Collins) ;

Nat. from Eu.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 71

M. Canadensis, L. WILD MINT.

Common. July-Sept.

LYCOPUS, L.

L. Virginicus, L. BUGLE-WEED.

Rather common. Aug.-Sept.
L. sinuatus, Ell. (L. Europaeus, L., var. sinuatus, Man.)

Common. July-Sept.

PYCNANTHEMUM, Michx.

P. incanum, Michx.

Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Medford (C. E. Perkins) ; Winchester

(Mrs. P. D. Richards) ; Framingham (Rev. J. H. Temple) ; Concord

(Minot Pratt) . Not very common. July-Aug.
P. clinopodioides, Gray.

Concord (Walter Deane; specimen in herb. of). Aug.-Sept. Adv.

from farther south.
P. muticum, Pers.

Widely distributed, but not very common. Aug.
P. lanceolatum, Pursh.

Melrose (R. Frohock) ; Winchester (Mrs. P. D. Richards) ; Con-
cord (Minot Pratt). Scarce. Aug.-Sept.
P. linifolium, Pursh.

Reading (F. H. Gilson). An unusually northern station for this

species. Aug.-Sept.

THYMUS, L.

* T. serpyllum, L. CREEPING THYME.
Maiden (C. E. Perkins). Rare. Aug. Adv. from Eu.

SATUREIA, L.

8. hortensts, L. SUMMER SAVORY.
** Dumps," occasional. Adv. from Eu.

CALAMINTHA, Moench.

*C. Clinopodiiim, Benth. BASIL.

Framingham (Rev. J. H. Temple) ; Concord (Minot Pratt) . July.
Adv. from Eu.

HEDEOMA, Pers.

H. pulegioides, Pers. PENNYROYAL.

Common. July-Sept.
H. Mspida, Pursh.

Reading (W. H. Manning). July. Adv. from the West.

72 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

COLLINSONIA, L.

C. Canadensis, L. RICH-WEED. STONE-ROOT.
Ashby (L. L. Dame); Dracut (Dr. C. W. Swan). Rare. July-
Aug.

SAL VIA, L.

8. tilicefolia, Vahl.

Cambridge, rubbish-heap, 1885 (Walter Deane ; specimen in herb,
of). Adv. from S. America.

"Stem herbaceous, erect, smoothish or slightly pubescent, leaves
broadly ovate, crenate, truncate or sub-cordate at the base, softly
wrinkled and pubescent, with scattered hairs; the floral leaves
membranaceous, lanceolate, deciduous ; racemes simple ; whorls
loose, approximate, 6-10 flowered; calyx tubular with ciliate
nerves; teeth 3, ovate-lanceolate, acute; corolla scarcely exceed-
ing the calyx; lobes of the style subequal, subulate, or the upper
longer; corolla blue." DC. Prodr. XII, p. 299.

MONARDA, L.

*M. didyma, L. OSWEGO TEA.

Concord, escaped (Minot Pratt) ; Framingham (Rev. J. H.
Temple) . Rare. July. Adv. from farther West.

M. fistulosa, L. BERGAMOT.

Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Medford and Winchester (Mrs. P. D.
Richards) ; Melrose (Rev. Thos. Morong) ; Concord, introduced
from 111. by Minot Pratt. Rare. July-Aug. A form with crim-
son flowers, approaching var. rubra has been reported at Littleton,
a possible hybrid.

M. fistulosa, L., var. mollis, Benth.
Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan). July-Aug.

"Corolla from flesh-color to lilac, glandular, and its upper lip hairy
outside, or more bearded at the tip: leaves paler, soft-pubescent
beneath, often shorter petioled." Syn. Fl. N". A.

BLEPHILIA, Raf .
B. ciliata, Raf.

Ashland (Rev. Thos. Morong; specimen in herb. of). Very rare
in New England, common farther south. June-July.

LOPHANTHUS, Benth.
*L. anisatus, Benth.
Concord, introduced from Wisconsin by Minot Pratt.

NEPETA, L.

N. CATARIA, L. CATNIP.

Common. Roadsides, and occasionally scattered over adjacent
pastures. July-Aug. JS"at. from Eu.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 73

N. GLECHOMA, Benth. GROUND IVY.
Common. May-July. Nat. from Eu.

PHYSOSTEGIA, Benth.

P. Virginiana, Benth. FALSE DRAGON-HEAD.
Stonehain (Mrs. A. M. Moody) ; also growing in a thicket in the
same town (L. L. Dame). Probably an escape from cultivation.
Aug.-Sept.

BRUNELLA, Tourn.

B. vulgaris, L. SELF-HEAL. HEAL-ALL.

Very common. A white variety at Westford (Dr. C. W. Swan).
July-Septx

SCUTELLARIA, L.

S. galericulata, L. SKULLCAP.

Bather common. July- Aug.
S. lateriflora, L. MAD-DOG SKULLCAP.

Rather common. July-Aug.

MARRUBIUM, L.

M. VULGARE, L. HOREHOUND.

Occasionally spontaneous. June-July. Nat. from Eu.
GALEOPSIS, L.

G. TETRAHIT, L. HEMP-NETTLE.

Lowell and Tewksbury (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Natick (Austin
Bacon) ; Maiden, station now destroyed, and Woburn (F. S.
Collins). July-Aug. Nat. from Eu.

STACHYS, L.

S. aspera, Michx. (S. palustris, L., var. aspera of the Man.)
Concord, Lowell and Bedford (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Framingham
(Miss J. W. William*) ; Medford (Wm. Boott). July-Sept.

8. Setonica, Benth. (Betonica officinalis, L., Man.) WOOD BETONY.
"Found by C. J. Sprague in a thicket at Newton, Mass." (Man.)
Specimen in herb. B. S. N. H. Adv. from Eu.

LEONURUS, L.

L. CARDIACA, L. MOTHERWORT.
Common. July-Sept. Nat. from Eu.

LAMIUM, L.

L. AMPLEXICAULE, L. DEAD-NETTLE.

Medford and Stoneham (L. L. Dame) ; Waltham List ; Concord
(Minot Pratt). Rare. Apr. -Sept. Nat. from Eu.

74 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

L. ALBUM, L. WHITE DEAD-NETTLE.

Somerville and Cambridge (C. E. Perkins) ; et al. Rare. Nat.

from Eu.
L. maculatum, L.

Medford, escaped from cultivation. Apr.-Sept. Int. from Eu.

For description, see Wood's Bot. & Fl.

BALLOTA, L.

B. nigra, L. BLACK HOREHOUND.
Cambridge, 1885 (Walter Deane; specimen in herb. of). July.

BORRAGINACE^E. BORAGE FAMILY.

BORRAGO, Tourn.

B. officinalis, L. BORAGE.

Lowell, 1848 (J. A. Lowell), specimen in herb. B. S. N. H. July-
Sept. Adv. from Eu. For description, see Wood's Bot. & Fl.

ECHIUM, Tourn.

E. VULGARE, L. VIPER'S BUGLOSS.

Medford (Wm. Boott) ; Somerville (C. E. Perkins) ; Cambridge
(Walter Deane) ; Ashland (Rev. Thos. Morong). June. Nat. from
Eu.

LYCOPSIS, L.

L. arvensis, L. SMALL BUGLOSS.

Lowell, wayside (Dr. F. Nickerson). Adv. from Eu.

SYMPHYTUM, Tourn.

S. OFFICINALE, L. COMFREY.

Stoneham, escaped (L. L. Dame) ; Newton (C. E. Perkins) ; Con-
cord (Minot Pratt) ; Groton (C. W. Jenks). June-July. Nat. from
Eu.
S. ASPERRIMUM, Sims.

Ashland, escaped and sparingly established (Rev. Thos. Morong ;
specimen in herb. of). Nat. from Eu.

u Stems branching, rough with stiff, somewhat recurved aculeate
prickles ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, very pointed at both ends, rough,
the lower petioled, the upper subsessile ; calyx divided above the
middle into rough, subulate lobes; corolla campanulate, four times
the length of the calyx; lanceolate appendages of the length of the
stamens, ciliate-papillose ; style included; flowers, bluish purple."
DC. Prodr.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 75

LITHOSPERMUM, Tourn.

L. ARVENSE, L. CORN GROMWELL.

Lowell, a garden weed (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Somerville and Medford

(C. E. Perkins) ; Reading (W. H. Manning). Not common. June-

Aug. Nat. from Eu.
*L. angustifolium, Michx. (L. longiflorum, Spreng., Man.)

Concord, introduced from 111. by Minot Pratt. May.

MERTENSIA, Roth.

M. Virginica, DC. VIRGINIAN COWSLIP. LUNGWORT.
Concord, introduced from 111. by Minot Pratt. June.

MYOSOTIS, L.

M. PALUSTRIS, With. TRUE FORGET-ME-NOT.

Woburn, abundant in a brook near new line of B. & L. R. R., and
also completely filling a section of the bed of the old Middlesex
Canal: thoroughly established (L. L. Dame). June-Aug. Nat.
from Eu.

M. laxa, Lehm. (M. palustris, With., var. laxa, Man.)
Rather common. June-Aug.

*M. arvensis, Hoffm.

Chelrnsford (Bigelow's Fl. Bost.) ; Maiden (F. S. Collins) ; Marl-
boro (Mrs. A. M. Staples) ; Groton (C. W. Jenks). Scarce. June-
Aug.

M. verna, Nutt.
Common. June- July.

AMSINCKIA, Lehm.

A. intermedia, Fisch. & Meyer.

Wool-waste, N. Chelmsford (Rev. W. P. Alcott) ; Lowell, wool-
waste (Dr. F. Nickerson). Adv. from the Pacific coast. For de-
scription, see Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A.

ERITRICHIUM, Schrad.

E. oxycaryum, Gray.

Wool-waste, N. Chelmsford (Rev. W. P. Alcott). For description,
see Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A.

ECHINOSPERMUM, Swartz.

E. Lappula, Lehm. STICKSEED.

Westford, woollen mills j (Dr. C. W. Swan); Maiden, old shoddy
mill, station now destroyed (F. S. Collins) ; Cambridge (Walter
Deane). Rare. July-Aug. Adv. from Eu.

76 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

E. Virginicum, Lehm. (Cynoglossum Morisoni, DC., Man.) BEG-
GAR'S LICE.

Westford and Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Arlington (Wm. Boott) ;
Weston and Stoneham (F. S. Collins) ; Concord (Minot Pratt) .
Not common. June-July.

CYNOGLOSSUM, Tourn.

C. OFFICINALE, L. HOUND'S TONGUE.

Lowell, woollen mills (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Maiden (F. S. Collins) ;
Stoneham (L. L. Dame) ; Belmont (H. S. Richardson) ; Concord
(Minot Pratt) . Not common. June-July. Nat. from Eu.

HELIOTROPIUM, Tourn.

S. Europceum, L. HELIOTROPE.

Cambridge, 1884 (Walter Deane) ; Westford, woollen mill yard (Dr.

F. Nickerson).

H. Indicum, L. (Heliophytum Indicum, DC., Man.) INDIAN HELIO-
TROPE.

Cambridge, Sept., 1884 (Walter Deane ; specimen in herb. of). Adv.

from India.

ASPERUGO, L.
A. procumbens, L.

Maiden and Sornerville, " dumps " (F. S. Collins). Adv. fromEu.,

tending towards naturalization.

4 ' Nutlets 4, compressed, adnate at the side to the narrow style;

fruiting calyx compressed; sinuses plane, parallel, sinuate."

Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ.

HYDROPHYLLACE>E. WATERLEAF FAMILY.

HYDROPHYLLUM, L.

*H. Virginicum, L. WATERLEAF.
Concord, introduced from Vermont by Minot Pratt. June.

PHACELIA, Juss.

*P. congesta, Hook.

Cambridge, "dump" (Rev. Thos. Morong). June. Adv. from
Texas. For description, see Wood's Bot. & Fl.

P. brachyloba, Gray.

N. Chelmsford, wool-waste (Rev. W. P. Alcott ; specimen in herb,
of). June. Adv. from Cal. For description, see Gray, Syn. Fl.
N. A.

P. Whitlavia, Gray.

N. Chelmsford, wool-waste, abundant (Rev. W. P. Alcott ; spec-
imen in herb. of). Adv. from Cal. For description, see Gray,
Syn. Fl. N. A.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 77

P. tanacetifolia, Benth.

N. Chelmsford, wool-waste (Rev. W. P. Alcott ; specimen in herb.

of). Adv. from Cal. For description, see Wood's Bot. & Fl.
P. circinata, Jacq. f.

N. Ohelmsford, wool-waste (Rev. W. P. Alcott; specimen injherb.

of). Adv. from Cal. For description, see Gray, Syn. Fl. 1ST. A.

POLEMONIACE^:. PHLOX FAMILY.

PHLOX, L.
P. paniculata^ L.

Melrose, occasionally escaped (Rev. Thos. Morong). June-July,
Native farther South.

GILIA, Ruiz. & Pav.

G-. leucocephala, Gray.

N. Chelmsford, wool-waste (Rev. W. P. Alcott ; specimen in herb.

of). Adv. from Cal. For description, see Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A.
G-. inconspicua, Dougl.

N. Chelmsford, wool-waste (Rev. W. P. Alcott ; specimen in herb.

of). Adv. from Cal. For description see Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A.

COVOLVULACEyE. CONVOLVULUS FAMILY.

IPOMCEA, L.

L purpurea, Lam. MORNING-GLORY.
Occasionally found escaped. July-Oct. Adv. from Trop. Am.

J. Nil, Roth.
Lowell, escaped (Dr. C. W. Swan). July-Oct. Native of Eu.

7. hederacea, Jacq.

Lowell, "dump" (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv. from Trop. Am. For
description see Wood's Bot. & Fl., under Pharbitis hederacea.

/. lacunosa, L.

Lowell, "dump" (Dr. C. W. Swan). Aug.-Sept. Adv. from the
West.

/. commutata, Roem. & Sch.

Lowell, "dump" (Dr. C. W. Swan). July-Sept. Adv. from far-
ther South. For description, see Wood's Bot. &. Fl.

CONVOLVULUS, L.

C. ARVENSIS, L. BINDWEED.

Maiden (F. S. Collins) ; Medford (G. E. Davenport) ; Marlboro
(Mrs. A. M. Staples); Concord (Minot Pratt). Not uncommon.
June-July. Nat. from Eu.

78 MIDDLESEX FLOKA.

C. sepium, L. (Calystegia sepium, K. Br., Man.) HEDGE BIND-
WEED.

Not uncommon. Flore pleno, escaped, in fields; Westford, Bed-
ford and Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan). June- Aug.

CUSCUTA, Tourn.

C. arvensis, Beyrich.

Winter Pond, Winchester (Dr. C. W. Swan). Rare. An extreme
northern locality; host plant, Crotalaria sagittalis. June-July.

C. Gronovii, Willd. DODDER.
Common. Aug.-Sept.

SOLANACE/E. NIGHTSHADE FAMILY.

LYCOPERSICUM, Tourn.

L. esculentum, Mill. TOMATO.
Waste places. June-Sept.

SOLANUM, Tourn.

S. tuberosum, L. POTATO.

Waste places. July- Aug. Native of S. Am.
S. DULCAMARA, L. BITTERSWEET. WOODY NIGHTSHADE.

Common. June-Aug. Nat. from Eu.
S. nigrum, L. NIGHTSHADE.

Lowell and Chelrnsford (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Medford (C. E.

Perkins) ; Framingham (Rev. J. H. Temple) ; Concord (Minot

Pratt). Rare. July-Sept. According to Gray, Syn. PI. N. A., a

cosmopolite, " common in damp or shady, especially cultivated or

waste grounds, appearing as if introduced."
S. Carolinense, L. HORSE-NETTLE.

Watertown and Reading (C. E. Perkins). Rare. June-Aug.
8. sisymbriifolium, Lam.

Cambridge, rubbish heap, 1884 and 1885 (Walter Deane ; specimen

in herb. of). Adv. from S. Am.

"Stem somewhat herbaceous, hairy, viscid, prickly; leaves viscid,

hairy, prickly on both sides, pinnatifid, lobes acute, sinuate-dentate,

racemes terminal and lateral, calyx 5-angled, inflated, prickly,

covering the berry." DC. Prodr., XIII, 1, 326.
S. rostratum, Dun.

Lowell, rather common (Dr. F. Nickerson) ; Watertown and Somer-

ville (C.E.Perkins); Maiden (F. S. Collins). Aug.-Sept. Adv.

from the West. For description, see Wood's Bot. and Fl.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 79

PHYSALIS, L.

P. PMladelpMca, Lam.

Cambridge, rubbish heap, 1884 (Walter Deane ; specimen in herb,
of) . Adv. from farther south.

P. pubescens, L.

Lowell, "dump" (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Bedford (Miss A. Browne).
Rare. Possibly introduced.

P. Virginiana, Mill. (P. viscosa, L., Man.)

Cambridge, rubbish heap (Walter Deane) ; Lowell, near mills (Dr.
C. W. Swan). Rare. July-Sept.

P. capsicifolia, Dun.

Cambridge, 1884 (Walter Deane; specimen in herb. of). Sept.
Adv. from S. Am. & Asia.

"Stem rather stout at the base, greenish purple, smooth, three-
sided; branches obliquely ascending, the upper quadrangular;
leaves long-perioled, oblong, subentire, pointed at each end,
unequal at the base, thin, smooth ; peduncles filiform, smoothish,
erect during flowering, afterward pendulous ; calyx salver-shaped,
smooth, 5 parted, lobes deltoid, acuminate ; corolla sinuately 5-
angled, angles acute; anthers oblong, bluish; fruiting calyx
roundish, 5-angled, when ripe greenish-yellow, with purple lines
and streaks." DC. Prodr. XIII. I. 449.

NICANDRA, Adans.

N. PHYSALOIDES, Gaertn. APPLE OF PERU.
Not very common. July-Aug. Nat. from Peru.

PETUNIA, Juss.
P. nyctaginiflora, Juss.

Maiden, waste heap, and elsewhere. July-Oct. Adv. from S. Am.
For description, see Wood's Bot. & Fl.

LYCIUM, L.

L. VULGARE, Dun. MATRIMONY VINE.
Escaped sparingly. June-Aug. Nat. from Eu.

HYOSCYAMUS, Tourn.

H. NIGER, L. BLACK HENBANE.

Somerville (F. S. Collins) ; has perpetuated itself for many years
along the Andover Turnpike. June-July. Nat. from Eu.

DATURA, L.

D. STRAMONIUM, L. THORN-APPLE.
Not very common. July-Sept. Nat. from Asia.

80 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

D. TATULA, L. PURPLE THORN-APPLE.

More common than the preceding. July-Sept. Nat. from Trop.

Am.
D. inermis, Jacq.

Cambridge, rubbish heap, 1884 & 1885 (Walter Deane). July-Sept.

Adv. from Africa.

" Stem branching, hollow, terete, smooth ; leaves long petioled,

smooth on both sides, acute, incised into acute lobes ; flowers on

short, winged petioles ; calyx 5-angled, smooth ; corolla twice the

length of the calyx, with roundish, cuspidate lobes ; cap?ule ovate,

obtuse, smooth, unarmed, always erect, four valved." DC. Prodr.

XIII. I. 539.
D. meteloides, DC.

Cambridge, rubbish heap (Walter Deane; specimen in herb. of).

July-Sept. Adv. from Mexico. For description, see Wood's Bot.

&F1.

NlCOTIANA, L.

N. Bigelomi, Wats.

Lowell, waste ground (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; N. Chelmsford, wool-
waste (Rev. W. P. Alcott). Adv. from Cal. For description, see
Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A.

GENTIANACE>£. GENTIAN FAMILY.

S ABB ATI A, Adans.

*S. chloroides, Pursh.

Concord, introduced from Weymouth, Mass., by Minot Pratt. ^A
form with white flowers was introduced with the type. July-Sept.

GENTIANA,"L.

G. crinita, Froel. FRINGED' GENTIAN.

Not uncommon save in the vicinity of U cities, where it is becoming

rare. A form with pink flowers at So. Sudbury (Geo. H. Whitney) ;

a form with white flowers occasional. Sept.
G. Andrewsii, Griseb. CLOSED GENTIAN.

In most parts of the county, but less common than the preceding

species. Aug.-Sept.

[BARTONIA, Muhl.

B. tenella, Muhl.
In most parts of the county, but not very common. Aug.-Sept.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 81

MENYANTHES, Tourn.

M. trifoliata, L. BUCKBEAN.

Not uncommon. May.

LlMNANTHEMUM, Gmel.

L. lacunosum, Griseb. FLOATING HEART.
Throughout the county, but nowhere very common. July-Aug.

APOCYNACE>£. DOGBANE FAMILY.

APOCYNUM, Tourn.

A. androsaemifolium, L. DOGBANE.

Common. June-July.
A. cannabinum, L. INDIAN HEMP.

Everett, Woburn, Townsend, et al. ; not common. June-July.

ASCLEPIADACE^E. MILKWEED FAMILY.

ASCLEPIAS, L.

A. Cornuti, Decne. MILKWEED.

Very common. July-Aug.
A. phytolaccoides, Pursh. POKE MILKWEED.

Generally distributed, but not common. June-July.
A. purpurascens, L. PURPLE MILKWEED.

Not very common. July-Aug.
A. quadrifolia, L. FOUR-LEAVED MILKWEED.

Not very common. June.
A. incarnata, L., var. pulchra, Gray.

Common. July-Aug. The type, though often reported, does not

appear to be within the county limits.
A. obtusifolia, Michx.

Not common. A form with the leaves in whorls of three was found

at Concord by W. H. Manning. July-Aug.
A. obtusifolia X phytolaccoides, (fide Asa Gray).

Several plants were found along the banks of the old Middlesex

Canal in Wilmington, July, 1885.
A. tuberosa, L. BUTTERFLY- WEED.

This plant, frequently mentioned by the older botanists, has become

rare, at least in the vicinity of Boston. July-Aug.
A. verticillata, L. WHORLED MILKWEED.

Maiden, Woburn, Framingham, Natick, et al. Not common. July-
- Sept.

82 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

VINCETOXICUM, Moench.
V. NIGRUM, Moench.

Watertown (C. E. Perkins); Cambridge (Man.); Medford and
Ashland (Rev. Thos. Morong). June. Nat. from Eu.

PERIPLOCA, L.
*P. Grceca, L.
Concord, introduced by Minot Pratt. Aug. A native of Eu.

OLEACE^E. OLIVE FAMILY.

LIGUSTRUM, Tourn.
L. VULGARE, L. PRIVET.
Common. June. Nat. from Eu.

FRAXINUS, Tourn.

F. Americana, L. WHITE ASH.

Common. Apr. -May.
F. pubescens, Lam. RED ASH.

Occasional throughout the county. Apr-May.
F. sambucifolia, Lam. BLACK or WATER ASH.

Medford, Weston, Framingham and Ashby (L. L. Dame) ; Concord

(Walter Deane) ; Tewksbury (Dr. C. W. Swan) . Not very common.

Apr.-May.

SYRINGA, L.
S. VULGARIS, L. LILAC.

Along roadsides, near old houses. Often well established, of lower

growth and smaller leaves than the cultivated plant. May-June.

A native of Eu. For description, see Wood's Bot. and Fl.

ARISTOLOCHIACE/E. BIRTHWORT FAMILY.

As ARUM, Tourn.

A. CANADENSE, L. WILD GINGER.

Westford, locally established (Miss E. F. Fletcher) ; the Concord
plant was introduced from Vt. by Minot Pratt. May-June.

NYCTAGINACE^E. FOUR-O'CLOCK FAMILY.

OXTBAPHUS, Vahl.

O. nyctagineus, Sweet.
Cambridge (C. E. Perkins). June-Aug. Adv. from the West.

MIDDLESEX FLOE A. 83

PHYTOLACCACE^E. POKEWEED FAMILY.

PHYTOLACCA, Tourn.

P. decandra, L. POKE. GARGET.
Common. July-Sept.

CHENOPODIACE>£. GOOSEFOOT FAMILY.

CHENOPODIUM, L.

* C. polyspermum, L.
Franringham (Rev. J. H. Temple) . July-Sept. Adv. from Eu.

C. ALBUM, L. PIGWEED.
Very common. July-Sept. Nat. from Eu.

C. URBICUM, L.

Somerville (C. E. Perkins) ; Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Medford
(F.S.Collins). July-Sept. Nat. from Eu.

C. URBICUM, L., var. RHOMBIFOLIUM, Moq.

Newton (C. J. Sprague) ; specimen in herb. B. S. N. H. July-
Sept. Nat. from Eu.

C. MURALE, L.

Tewksbury (B. D. Greene), specimen in herb. B. S. N. H. ; Framing-
ham (Rev. J. H. Temple). Not common. July-Sept. Nat. from
Eu.

C. HYBRIDUM, L. MAPLE-LEAVED GOOSEFOOT.
Common. July-Sept. Nat. from Eu.

C. BOTRYS, L. JERUSALEM OAK.

Lowell, Cambridge, Somerville, et al. Introduced from Eu., and
apparently naturalized near Boston, where it has been not uncom-
mon since Bigelow's Fl. Bost. July-Sept.

C. AMBROSIOIDES, L. MEXICAN TEA.

Somerville (C. E. Perkins); Cambridge and Medford (F. S.

Collins). July-Sept. Int. from Tr op. Am.
C. AMBROSIOIDES, L., var. ANTHELMINTICUM, Gray.

Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Cambridge and Medford (F. S. Collins).

July-Sept. Int. from Trop. Am. Both type and var. apparently

naturalized; have been common for several years near Boston.
C. fcetidum, L.

Chelmsford, wool-waste (Dr. C. W. Swan). Aug. Adv. from

Trop. Am.

"Stems herbaceous, erect, sulcate-striate, mostly simple; leaves

petioled, subpatulous, oblong, sinuate-pinnatifld with obtuse lobes,

thin, smoothish, glaucous green on both sides; racemes divari-

84 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

cately-subdichotomous, loose, leafless; fruiting calyx not closed,
dentate-carinate, larger than the obtusish, channeled, smooth and
somewhat shining seed." DC. Prodr. XIII, 2, 76.

C. GLAUCUM, L. OAK-LEAVED GOOSEFOOT.

Lowell, Soraerville, Cambridge, et al. ; abundant in waste places.
June-Aug. Nat. from Eu.

C. rubrum. (Blitum maritimum, Nutt., Man.) COAST BLITE.
Salt marshes, not uncommon. July-Aug.

C. capitatum, Wats. (Blitum capitatum, L., Man.) STRAWBERRY
BLITE.
Lowell, near woollen mills (Dr. C. W. Swan). June. Adv. from

farther West.

C. virgatum, Wats.

Cambridge, two plants, 1885 (Walter Deane ; specimen in herb. of).
Adv. from Eu.

"Leaves oblong-triangular, somewhat hastate, deeply dentate,
glomerules all axillary ; fruiting calyx berry-like ; seeds with ob-
tuse or sometimes channeled margin." Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ.

ATRIPLEX, Tourn.

A. patula, L., var. hastata, Gray.
Salt marshes, common. July-Sept.

A. patula, L., var. littoralis, Gray.
Salt marshes, less common than the preceding. July-Sept.

A. arenaria, Nutt.
Cambridge (C. E. Perkins). Aug.-Sept.

A. bracteosa, Wats.

N. Chelmsford, wool-waste (Rev. W. P. Alcott). Adv. from Cal.
" Rather stout, suberect with spreading, flexuous branches, 2 or 3
feet high, mealy; leaves thin, sessile, lanceolate, very acute or
acuminate, ^ to 1 inch long, acutely sinuate-dentate or the upper-
most entire ; staminate flowers in dense clusters in a naked termi-
nal simple or compound spike ; calyx deeply 5-clef t ; fruiting bracts
in small axillary clusters, cuneate-orbicular, 1 to 1% lines broad,
the upper rounded margin irregularly gash-toothed ; the sides often
somewhat muricate ; seed less than half a line broad." Bot. Cal.

SALICORNIA, Tourn.

S. herbacea, L. SAMPHIRE.

Salt marshes, very common. Aug.-Oct.
S. mucronata, Bigel. (S. Virginica, L., Man.)

Salt marshes, rather common. Sept.-Oct.

MIDDLESEX FLOKA. 85

SU^EDA, Forsk.

S. linearis, Torr., var. ramosa, Wats. (S. maritima, Dumort.,
Man.)
Salt marshes, very common. Aug.

SALSOLA, L.

S. Kali, L. SALTWORT.
Not uncommon in sandy soil near tide-water. Aug.

AMARANTACE/E. AMARANTH FAMILY.

AMARANTHS, Tourn.

A. paniculatus, L.

Wakefield, Woburn and Cambridge (F. S. Collins). July-Sept.
Adv. from Trop. Am.

A. RETROFLEXUS, L. PIGWEED.

Very common. July-Sept. Nat. from the South and West.

A. CHLOROSTACHYS, Willd. (A. retroflexus, L., var. chlorostachys,
Man.)
Not uncommon. July-Sept. Nat. from the South and West.

A. ALBUS, L.
Common. July-Sept. Nat. from the South and West.

A. BLITUM, L.

Maiden, Medford and Concord (F. S. Collins). Probably not un-
common, but generally confounded with the preceding species.
July-Sept. Nat. from Eu.

" Flowers 3-parted, the axillary clusters roundish, the terminal dis-
posed in naked spikes; stems diffuse, ascending, smooth; leaves
ovate, subrhomboidal, very obtuse, retuse ; bracts shorter than the
flowers; capsule roundish ovate." Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ.

A. grcecizans, L.

Lowell, "dump" (Dr. C. W. Swan). Aug. Adv. from S. Am.
"Like A. Blitum, but more slender, with lanceolate, obtuse leaves."
DC. Prodr. XIII. 2. 263.
A. SPINOSUS, L. THORNY AMARANTH.

Lowell, waste-grounds (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Maiden, introduced in
cotton-waste (F. S. Collins). Aug.-Sept. Nat. from Trop. Am.

A. Palmeri, Wats.

Maiden, abundant in cotton-waste, 1886; appearing more spar-
ingly in 1887 (F. S. Collins). Sept. Adv. from the Southwest.
"Dioecious, rather stout, erect, 2 or 3 feet high, branching, some-
what pubescent above or glabrate ; leaves oblong-rhomboid, an
inch or two long and about equalling the petiole, the upper linear

86 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

lanceolate ; flowers in close elongated linear spikes leafy at the
base; bracts solitary, mostly twice longer than the flowers,
spreading, subulate and rigid, narrowed into a short awn; sepals
of fertile flowers 1 to 1^ lines long, oblong and somewhat broader
above, obtuse or retuse, two or three usually slightly larger and
more acute or setaceously apiculate, distinct or nearly so ; stigmas
usually 2; seed circular, half a line broad." Bot. Cal.

ACNIDA, L.
A. cannabina, L.

Salt marshes. Aug. -Sept.
A. rhyssocarpa, Moq.

Salt marshes. Appears to be the more common species. Aug.-
Sept.

" Fertile inflorescence very naked ; the bracts not half the length
of the fleshy utricle, the angles of which are not rarely rugose-
tuberculated ; stigmas comparatively short and slender-subulate
(in A. cannabina very long and filiform, almost plumosely hairy)"
A. Gray, in Am. Nat.

POLYGONACE^E. BUCKWHEAT FAMILY.

POLYGONUM, L.

P. Bistorta, L.

Maiden, a weed in and about gardens (Mrs. N. M. Hunne well).
May-June. Adv. from Eu.

<; Stems usually a foot or two high ; leaves few, the radical ones
on long petioles, oblong-lanceolate to linear, acute at each end, 2 to
8 inches long, the cauline much reduced, mostly obtuse at base and
sessile upon the sheath; the margin often slightly revolute;
sheaths elongated; flowers 1£ to 2£ lines long, rose-colored to
white, on slender pedicels, in very dense ovate to oblong spikes £
to 1£ inches long and usually long-pedunculate ; bracts ovate, acu-
minate; stamens and styles exserted; akene Ik lines long, smooth
and shining." Bot. Cal.

P. ORIENTALS, L. PRINCE'S FEATHER.

Sparingly spontaneous. July-Aug. Nat. from India.
P. Carey i, Olney.

Lowell, Bedford, Maiden, et al. Not very common. July-Sept.
P. Pennsylvanicum, L.

Common. July-Sept.
P. incarnatum, Ell.

Lowell, Maiden, Waltham, et al. Not very common. July-Sept
P. PERSICARIA, L. LADY'S THUMB.

Very common. July-Sept. Nat. from Eu.

MIDDLESEX FLOKA. 87

P. Hydropiper, L. SMARTWEED. WATER-PEPPER.
Common. July-Sept.

P. acre, HBK. WATER SMARTWEED.

Medford (G-. E. Davenport) ; Weston (F. S. Collins) ; Framingham
(Rev. J. H. Temple) ; Concord (Minot Pratt) ; Dunstable (Dr. C.
W. Swan). Not very common. July-Sept.

P. hydropiperoides, Michx. MILD WATER-PEPPER.
Rather common. July-Sept.

P. Mulhenbergii, Wats. (P. amphibium, L., var. terrestre,
Willd., Man.)
Rather common. Aug.-Sept.

P. Hartwrightii, Gray.

Chelmsford (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Fresh Pond, Cambridge (Dr. W. G-.
Farlow). Not common. Aug-Sept.

" Perennial, closely allied to the two preceding species, (P. am-
phibium and P. Muhlenbergii) growing usually in mud, the as-
cending stems rooting at base and very leafy ; differing from the
form of P. (amphibium?) growing in like localities, by being more
or less rough-hairy, at least on the sheaths and bracts, the former
ciliate and often with abruptly spreading foliaceous borders;
leaves rather narrow, 2 to 7 inches long, on very short petioles,
adnate to the middle of the sheath." Bot. Cal.

P. articulatum, L. JOINTWEED.
Common. Aug.-Sept.

P. aviculare, L. KNOTGRASS.
Very common. July-Sept.

P. erectum, L. (P. aviculare, L., var. erectum, Roth, Man.)
Not uncommon. July-Sept.

P. ramosissimum, Michx.

Watertown (C. E. Perkins) ; Medford (C. E. Faxon) ; So. Natick
(F. S. Collins). Scarce, except along salt marshes. July-Sept.

P, tenue, Michx.
Frequent. Aug.-Sept.

P. arifolium, L. HALBERD-LEAVED TEAR- THUMB.
Not reported from the northern and northwestern towns, but rather
common elsewhere in the county. Aug.-Sept.

P. sagittatum, L. ARROW-LEAVED TEAR-THUMB.
Common. Aug.-Sept.

P. CONVOLVULUS, L. BLACK BINDWEED.
Common. Aug.-Sept. Nat. from Eu.

P. cilinode, Michx.

Ashby (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Waltham List; Newton (C. J. Sprague).
Scarce.

88 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

P. dumetorum, L., var. scandens, Gray. Climbing False
Buckwheat.
Common. Aug.-Sept.

FAGOPYRUM, Tourn.

F. ESCULENTUM, Moench. BUCKWHEAT.

Common. June-Aug. Nat. from Eu.
F. Tataricum, Gaertn. INDIA WHEAT.

Soraerville (C. E. Perkins) ; Cambridge (fide specimen in herb.

B. S. N. H.) July-Aug. Adv. from Asia. For description, see

Wood's Bot. & Fl.

RUMEX, L.

R. PATIENTIA, L. PATIENCE DOCK.

Weston and Wakefield (F. S. Collins). July-Aug. Nat. from Eu.

R. Brittanica, L. (R. orbiculatus, Gray, Man.) GREAT WATER-
DOCK.

Somerville, Maiden, Concord, Lowell, et al. Not uncommon.
Aug.-Sept.

R. verticillatus, L. SWAMP DOCK.

Tewksbury (B. D. Greene, specimen in herb. B. S. N. H.) ; Somer-
ville and Belmont (C. E. Perkins) ; Waltham List. June-July.

R. CRISPUS, L. CURLED DOCK. YELLOW DOCK.
Very common. June-July. Nat. from Eu.

R. OBTUSIFOLIUS, L. BITTER DOCK.

Common. June-Aug. Nat. from Eu.

R. CRISPUS, L. X OBTUSIFOLIUS, L.

Maiden (F. S. Collins) ; Medf ord (L. L. Dame) . June-Aug.
R. ACETOSELLA, L. SORREL.

Very common. May-June. Nat. from Eu.

CHORIZANTHE, R. Br.

** Involucre 1-3 flowered, sessile, tubular, coriaceous or chartaceous,
more or less reticulated or corrugated, 3-6 angled or — costate and
3-6 toothed or — cleft, the teeth cuspidate or rigidly awned. Flowers
pedicellate or nearly sessile, included in the involucre or rarely
exserted, 6 parted Or cleft. Stamens 9, rarely 3 or 6. Bractlets
minute or usually obsolete. Ovary glabrous and akene triangular.
Low, dichotomously branched annuals, with usually rosulate, radical
leaves, and ternate bracts." Bot. Cal.

<7. pungens, Benth.

N. Chelmsford, wool-waste (Rev. W. P. Alcott; specimen in herb,
of). Adv. from Cal.

" Usually slender and more or .less decumbent or at first erect,
villous-pubescent ; stems often a foot long or more, leafy ; leaves

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 89

spatulate or oblanceolate, about an inch long, mostly opposite;
bracts similar, narrower, awned at the apex; heads small; invol-
ucres \% to 2 lines long, unequally toothed (the alternate teeth
smaller), usually margined ; teeth strongly uncinate ; flowers very
shortly pedicelled, narrowed at base, 1)£ lines long, glabrous or
often villous on the nerves, shortly cleft ; segments equal, oblong,
entire ; filaments more or less adnate to the lower part of the tube.
Bot. Cal.

LAURACE>£. LAUREL FAMILY.

SASSAFRAS, Nees.

S. officinale, Nees.
Common. Apr.

LINDERA, Thunb.

L. Benzoin, Meisn. SPICE-BUSH. BENJAMIN BUSH.
Common. Apr.

THYMELEACEyE. MEZEREUM FAMILY.

DlRCA, L.

D. palustris, L. LEATHERWOOD. MOOSEWOOD. WICOPY.
Townsend, rare (Miss H. E. Haynes). Concord, introduced from
Vt. by Minot Pratt. Apr.

DAPHNE, L.

D. MEZEREUM, L. DAPHNE.

Medford, persistent in two localities for many years, without much
tendency to spread. Apr. Nat. from Eu. For description see
Wood's Bot. & Fl.

SANTALACE^E. SANDALWOOD FAMILY.

COMANDRA, Nutt.

C. umbellata, Nutt. BASTARD TOAD-FLAX.
Common. May-June.

CERATOPHYLLACE>E. HORNWORT FAMILY.

CERATOPHYLLUM, L.

C. demersum, L. HORNWORT.

Cambridge (Rev. Thos. Morong) ; Newton (F. S. Collins).

90 MIDDLESEX FLOE A.

C. demersum, L., var. echinatum, Gray.
Cambridge, specimen in herb. B. S. N. H.

CALLITRICHACE^E. WATEK-STAKWOKT FAMILY,

CALLITRICHE, L.

G. verna, L. WATER STARWORT.

Common. May-July.
C. heterophylla, Pursh.

Ashland (Rev. Thos. Mororig) ; Maiden (H. A. Young) ; Spot

Pond (Wm. Boott). May-July.

PODOSTEMACE^E. RIVER-WEED FAMILY.

PODOSTEMON, Michx.

P. ceratophyllus, Michx. RIVER-WEED.
In the Charles River, So. Natick (Edwin Faxon). July-Sept.

EUPHORBIACE^E. SPURGE FAMILY.

EUPHORBIA, L.

E. maculata, L.

Very common. July-Sept.
E. hypericifolia, L.

Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Concord (Minot Pratt)-; Framinghain

(Rev. J. H. Temple). Rare. July-Sept.
E. corollata, L. FLOWERING SPURGE.

Lowell, " dump " (Dr. C. W. Swan). July-Sept. Adv. from the

West.
E. Esula, L.

Somerville (C. E. Perkins); Waltham List. Rare. June. AdV.

from Eu.
E. CYPARISSIAS, L. CYPRESS SPURGE.

Common. May-June. Nat. from Eu.

ACALYPHA, L.

A. Virginica, L. THREE-SEEDED MERCURY.
Common. July-Sept.

MIDDLESEX FLOKA. 91

URTICACE>E. NETTLE FAMILY.

ULMUS, L.

U. fulva, Michx. SLIPPERY ELM. RED ELM.

Concord (Walter Deane) . Rare. Apr.
U. Americana, L. AMERICAN ELM. WHITE ELM.

Common. Apr.

CELTIS, Tourn.

C. occidentalis, L, including var. crassifolia. SUGARBERRY.
HACKBERRY.
Lowell, Emerson's Trees and Shrubs of Mass. Apr.-May.

MORUS, Tourn.

M. rubra, L. RED MULBERRY.

Sparingly spontaneous. May.
M. ALBA, L. WHITE MULBERRY.

Occasional; 1ST. Billerica, along the old Middlesex Canal, among

wild shrubs, itself shrubby (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Concord, several

trees (Minot Pratt). May. Nat. from Eu.

URTICA, Tourn.

U. gracilis, Ait. NETTLE.

Common. July- Aug.
URTICA DIOICA, L.

Fence-row, Watertown (Walter Deane.) Nat. from Eu.

U. URENS, L.

Maiden (H. A. Young) ; Concord (Minot Pratt). Scarce. July-
Aug. Nat. from Eu.

LAPORTEA, Gaudich.

L. Canadensis, Gaudich. WOOD NETTLE.
Natick (Austin Bacon) ; Townsend (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Belmont
(L. L. Dame). July- Aug.

PILEA, Lindl.

P. pumila, Gray. RICH WEED. CLEARWEED.
Rather common. July-Sept.

BCEHMERIA, Jacq.

B. cylindrica, Willd. FALSE NETTLE.
Common. July-Aug.

92 MIDDLESEX FLOKA.

PARIETARIA, Tourn.

*P. Pennsylvanica, Muhl. PELLITORY.

Concord (Minot Pratt). This plant is out of its usual range, and
may possibly have been introduced by accident with other plants.
June- Aug.

CANNABIS, Tourn.

C. SATIVA, L. HEMP.
Rather common. July- Aug. Nat. from Eu.

HUMULUS, L.
H. LUPULUS, L. HOP.

Sparingly naturalized from the West. July.

PLATANACE/E. PLANE-TREE FAMILY.

PLATANUS, L.

P. occidentalis, L. SYCAMORE. BUTTONWOOD.
Bather common. May- June.

JUGLANDACE^. WALNUT FAMILY.

JUGLANS, L.

J. cinerea, L. BUTTERNUT.
Common. May.

CARYA, Nutt.

C. alba, Nutt. SHAGBARK HICKORY.

Common. May-June.
C. tomentosa, Nutt. MOCKER-NUT. WHITE-HEART HICKORY.

Not uncommon. May- June.
C. porcina, Nutt. PIGNUT or BROWN HICKORY.

Common. May-June.
C. amara, Nutt. BITTERNUT HICKORY.

Medford, Winchester, Belmont, et al. Less common than the other

species.' May-June.

CUPULIFER^E. OAK FAMILY.

QUERCUS, L.

Q. alba, L. WHITE OAK.

Common. May.
Q. bicolor, Willd. SWAMP WHITE OAK.

Common, especially in the eastern section of the county. May.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 93

Q. Prinus, L. CHESTNUT OAK.

Medford (L. L. Dame) ; Tovvnsend (John H. Sears). Rare. May.
Q. prinoides, Willd. (Q. Prinus, L., var. humilis, Marsh.)

Common. May.
Q. ilicifolia, Wang. BEAR or SCRUB OAK.

Common. Apr. -May.
Q. coccinea, Wang. SCARLET OAK.

Rather common. May.
Q. tinctoria, Bartr. YELLOW or BLACK OAK.

Common. May.
Q. rubra, L. RED OAK.

Common. May.

CASTANEA, Tourn.

C. vulgaris, Lam., var. AMERICANA, A. DC. (C. vesca, L., var.
Americana, Michx., Man.) CHESTNUT.
Common, especially in the western part of the county. July.

FAGUS, Tourn.

F. ferruginea, Ait. BEECH.
Rather common. May-June.

CORYLUS, Tourn.

C. Americana, Walt. HAZLENUT.

Common. Mch. -April.
C. rostrata, Ait. BEAKED HAZLENUT.

Widely distributed, but not so common as the preceding species.
Mch.-April.

OSTRYA, Mich.

O. Virginica, Willd. HOP HORNBEAM. LEVER-WOOD. IRON
WOOD.
Rather common. Apr.-May.

CARPINUS, L.

C. Caroliniana, Walt. (C. Americana, Michx., Man.) HORN-
BEAM. IRON WOOD. BLUE BEECH.
Generally distributed, not uncommon. May.

MYRICACE^E. SWEET-GALE FAMILY.

MYRICA, L.
M. Gale, L. SWEET GALE.

Rather common. Apr.
M. cerifera, L. BAYBERRY. WAX-MYRTLE.

Common. May-June.

94 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

COMPTONIA, Soland.
C. asplenifolia, Ait. SWEET FERN.
Common. Apr.-May.

BETULACE^E. BIRCH FAMILY.

BETULA, Tourn.

B. lenta, L. CHERRY BIRCH. SWEET or BLACK BIRCH.
Widely distributed. Frequent. Apr.-May.

B. lutea, Michx, f. YELLOW BIRCH.
Not as common as the preceding species. Apr.-May.

B. alba, L. v? r. populifolia, Spach. AMERICAN WHITE BIRCH.
GRAY BIRCH.
Common. May.

B. papyracea, Ait. WHITE BIRCH. PAPER or CANOE BIRCH.
Bare eastward, but common in other sections of the county. May-
June.

B. papyracea, Ait., var. minor, Tuckerm. DWARF CANOE BIRCH.
A clump of trees 6 or 7 feet high, growing in a swamp in Lexing-
ton, 1875 (Minot Pratt) .

B. nigra, L. RIVER BIRCH. RED BIRCH.
Native only in the Merrimac River Valley.

ALNUS, Tourn.

A. incana, Willd. BLACK ALDER. SPECKLED or HOARY ALDER.

Common. Mch.-Apr.
A. serrulata, Willd. SMOOTH ALDER.

Less common than the preceding species. Mch.-Apr.

SALICACE>E. WILLOW FAMILY.

SALIX, Tourn.

S. tristis, Ait. DWARF GRAY WILLOW.

Not uncommon. Apr.-May.
S. humilis, Marsh. PRAIRIE WILLOW.

Rather common. " The intermediate character of this species, as

between S. tristis and S. discolor was long ago pointed out by Mr.

Carey. The confusing forms appear to be hybrids." — M. S. Bebb.
S. discolor, Muhl. GLAUCOUS WILLOW.

Common. Forms with anthers transformed to ovaries, occasional.

Apr.-May.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 95

S. sericea, Marsh. SILKY WILLOW.

Medford (G. E. Davenport) ; Arlington (Wm. Boott) ; Hopkinton

(L. L. Dame). Not common. May.
S. petiolaris, Smith. PETIOLED WILLOW.

Medford (G. E. Davenport) ; Winchester (L. L. Dame) ; Cambridge

(L. H. Bailey, Jr.), et al. Apr.-May.
S. PURPUREA, L. PURPLE WILLOW.

Arlington (Wm. Boott) ; Medford (L. L. Dame). Apr.-May. A

native of the Old World, sparingly naturalized.
S. viminalis, L. BASKET OSIER.

West Medford (C. E. Perkins). Adv. from Eu. May.
S. cordata, Muhl. HEART-LEAVED WILLOW.

Widely distributed, but not common. Apr.-May.
S. cordata X sericea, Bebb. ("S. myricoides, Muhl. ! not the S.

cordata, var. myricoides, of Gray, Man.1') — M. S. Bebb.

Near Fresh Pond, Cambridge (L. H. Bailey, Jr.)
S. rostrata,s Kich. (S. livida, Wahl., var. occidentalis, Gray.)

LIVID WILLOW.

Common. Apr.-May. Mr. Bebb ranks this willow as a sub-species

of S. livida.
S. lucida, Muhl. SHINING WILLOW.

Rather common. May.
S. nigra, Marsh. BLACK WILLOW.

Cambridge, Medford, Winchester, et al. Occasional.
S. nigra, Marsh, var. falcata, Gray.

Cambridge (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Concord (Walter Deane).
S. FRAGILIS, L. BRITTLE WILLOW.

Hybrids in which S. fragilis predominates are not uncommon; a

Medford specimen Mr. Bebb pronounces "almost pure fragilis."

May.
S. ALBA, L., var. VITELLINA, Koch.

Chelmsford, Medford, Natick, et al. Not uncommon. May.

" The typical S. alba is extremely rare in the United States, and

what Anderson, Wimmer, and the German botanists generally

regard as genuine S. fragilis I have not seen at all ; but the var.

vitellina is very common, as are also a host of hybrid forms between

alba and fragilis, representing S. viridis, Fr., S. Russelliana, Sm.,

&c. These hybrids, perplexing enough in themselves, are rendered

still more inextricable, with us, by a further cross — by no means

rare — with native lucida,"— M. S. Bebb.
S. myrtilloides, L. MYRTLE WILLOW.

Cambridge, Belmont, Wakefield, Chelmsford, etal. Rather common.

May.

96 MIDDLESEX FLOKA.

POPULUS, Tourn.

P. tremuloides, Michx. AMERICAN ASPEN.

Common. Found with polygamous flowers, Medford, 1878 (G. E.

Davenport). Apr.
P. grand identata, Michx. LARGE-TOOTHED ASPEN.

Common. Apr.
P. balsamifera, L., var. candicans, Gray. BALM OF GILEAD.

Common. Possibly introduced from farther North. May.
P. dilatata, Ait. LOMBARDY POPLAR.

Formerly extensively cultivated, and occasionally spontaneous,

but apparently dying out. Adv. from Eu.
P. ALBA, L. ABELE. WHITE-POPLAR.

Occasional ; spreading extensively by root. Nat. from Eu.

CONIFEFME. PINE FAMILY.

PINUS, Tourn.

P. rigida, Mill. PITCH PINE.

Common. May.
P. resinosa, Ait. NORWAY PINE. RED PINE.

Generally distributed, but not common. May.
P. Strobus, L. WHITE PINE.

Common. June.

. PiCEA, Link.

P. nigra, Link. (Abies nigra of Man.) BLACK SPRUCE.
Rather scarce, especially eastward. May.

TSUGA, Endl.

T. Canadensis, Carriere. (Abies Canadensis, Michx., Man.)
HEMLOCK.
Rather common. June. .

ABIES, Tourn.

A. balsamea, Marsh. FIR BALSAM.

Ashby, near Mt. Watatic (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Concord, introduced
by Minot Pratt). Rare. May.

LARIX, Tourn.

L. Americana, Michx. AMERICAN LARCH. BLACK L. TAMA-
RACK. HACKMATAC.
Widely distributed ; not uncommon. Apr. -May.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 97

THUYA, Tourn.

T. occidentalis, L. AMERICAN ARBOR-VIT^E.
Concord, introduced by Minot Pratt. May-June.

CHAM^ECYPARIS, Spach.

C. sphaeroidea, Spach. (Cupressus thyoides, L., Man.) WHITE
CEDAR.

Reading, Bedford, Natick, Hopkinton, et al. Not very common.
May.

JUNIPERUS, L.

J. communis, L. JUNIPER.

Common. May-June.
J. Virginiana, L. RED CEDAR. SAVIN.

Common. May.

TAXUS, Tourn.

T. baccata, L., var. Canadensis, Gray.
AMERICAN YEW. GROUND HEMLOCK.
Common in Ashby (L. L. Dame) ; very rare elsewhere. Apr.

KNDOQKNS.

ARACE/E. ARUM FAMILY.

ARIS^EMA, Mart.

A. triphyllum, Torr. INDIAN TURNIP. JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT.
Common. May-June.

PELTANDRA, Raf .

P. undulata, Raf. (P. Virginica, Raf., Man., in part).
Not uncommon. June.

Again separated, in Engler's Monograph, from P. Virginica, Raf.
The most obvious distinction is to be found in the spadix, the
pistillate part of which, in P. undulata, is from 1-4 to 1-5, while in
P. Virginica, it is 2-3 the length of the staminate part. All the
county specimens examined seem to be P. undulata.

CALLA, *L.

C. palustris, L. WATER ARUM.
Widely distributed, but not very common. May-June.

7

98 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

SYMPLOCARPUS, Salisb.

S. foetid us, Salisb. SKUNK CABBAGE.
Common. Mar.-Apr.

ACORUS, L.

A. Calamus, L. SWEET FLAG.
Common. June. Apparently native.

LEMNACE>E. DUCKWEED FAMILY-

LEMNA, L.
L. trisculca, L.

Fresh Pond, Cambridge (Wm. Boott). Rare.
L. minor, L. DUCKWEED.
Common.

SPEIRODELA, Schleid.

S. polyrrhiza, Schleid. (Lemna polyrrhiza, L., Man.)
Common.

TYPHACE>E. CAT-TAIL FAMILY.

TYPHA, Tourn.

T. latifolia, L. CAT-TAIL.
Common. June-July.

T. angustifolia, L. SMALL CAT-TAIL.

Winchester and Arlington (C. E. Perkins) ; Medford (G. E. Daven-
port). Common in these localities, but not reported elsewhere.
June-July.

SPARGANIUM, Tourn.

S. eurycarpum, Engelm. BUR-REED.
Rather common.

S. androcladum, Morongin Torrey Bulletin, March, 1888. (S.
simplex, Huds., var. androcladum, Engelm.) Whitehall Pond,
Hopkinton (Rev. Thos. Morong) ; Medford (Wm. Boott) ; Waltham
(C. E. Perkins) ; et al.

S. androcladum, Morong, var. fluctuans, Morong in Torrey
Bulletin, March, 1888. (S. simplex, Huds., var. fluitans, Engelm. ,
Man.) A form closely approaching this variety was collected
at Whitehall Pond, Hopkinton, by Dr. C. W. Swan.

S. simplex, Huds.

Common. The form known as var. Nuttallii, Engelm., Man.,
likewise common.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 99

S. minimum, Fries.
Ashland (Rev. Thos. Morong).

NAIADACE>E. PONDWEED FAMILY.

NAIAS, L.
N.flexilis, Rostk.

Common.
N. flexilis, Rostk., var. robusta, Morong.

Concord River, abundant (Walter Deane) ; Natick (Rev. Thos.

Morong ; specimen in herb. of).

" Stem stout, few leaved, sparsely branching, elongated ; leaves

linear, 1£ — 2mm. broad and 10 — 15mm. long, flat, abruptly acute.

I have found it rising to the surface in still ponds, in water 4 to 6

feet deep." Morong in Bot. Gaz. The usual fruit of the type.
N. Indica, Cham., var. gracillima, Braun.

Woburn (Wm. Boott) ; Spot Pond, Stoneham, and Ashland (Rev.

Thos. Morong). Rare.

ZANNICHELLIA, Mich.
Z. palustris, L. HORNED PONDWEED.

Very abundant in Mystic Pond and River (Wm. Boott). June-July.

ZOSTERA, L.

Z. marina, L. EEL-GRASS.
Very common in salt water. July-Aug.

RUPPIA, L.

R. maritima, L. DITCH-GRASS.
Common in brackish water. June-July.

POTAMOGETON, Toum.

P. natans, L.

Common.
P. Oakesianus, Robbins.

Mystic Pond, Medford, and Horn Pond, Woburn (Wm. Boott) ;

Natick (Rev. Thos. Morong).
P. Claytonii, Tuck.

Common.
P. Vaseyi, Robbins.

Mystic Pond, Medford (Wm. Boott) ; Spot Pond, Stoneham (Rev.

Thos. Morong).
P. Spirillus, Tuck.

Westford (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Woburn, Winchester, Medford and

Billerica (Wm. Boott) ; Concord (E. S. Hoar).

100 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

P. hybridus, Michx.

Winchester ; Silver Lake, Wilmington ; and Round Pond, Woburn
(Wm. Boott) ; Bedford (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Medford, clay-pits (F.
S. Collins).

P. lonchites, Tuck.
Winchester (Rev. Thos. Morong).

P. pulcher, Tuck.

Spot Pond, Stoneham, and Ashland (Rev. Thos. Morong) ; Fresh
Pond, Cambridge (E. Tuckerman) ; Concord (Walter Deane).

P. amplifolius, Tuck.

Mystic Pond, Medford (Wm. Boott) ; Fresh Pond, Cambridge
(Rev. Thos. Morong) ; Concord (Walter Deane) ; Townsend and
Bedford (Dr. C. W. Swan).

P. gramineus, L.
Common.

P. gramineus, L., var. spathulaeformis, Robbins.
Mystic Pond (Rev. Thos. Morong).

P. gramineus, L., var. maxim us, Morong.
So. Natick (Rev. Thos. Morong).

" This variety generally occurs in swift currents, and differs from
the type in usually having all the parts much elongated, stems 5 to
10 ft. iti length, and the sessile or petiolate submerged leaves 3-7
lines wide by 2-5 inches long, and 7-10 nerved.'1 Morong in litt.

P. lucens, L.

Fresh Pond (Rev. Thos. Morong) ; Winchester (L. L. Dame).

P. Zizii, Mert. & Koch. (P. lucens, L., var. minor, Nolte, Man.)
Fresh Pond (Rev. Thos. Morong).

P. praelongus, Wulf.
Fresh Pond (John Robinson, et al.)

P. perfoliatus, L.
Mystic Pond (Win. Boott) ; Fresh Pond (Dr. C. W. Swan).

P. Mysticus, Morong.
Mystic Pond, Medford (Rev. Thos. Morong).

"The whole plant very slender; stems irregularly branching from
a creeping rootstock, nearly filiform, terete. 1-3 ft. high ; leaves all
submerged, scattered, entire, oblong-linear, %-l% inches long, and
2 or 3 lines wide, 5-7 nerved, finely undulate, obtuse or bluntly
pointed at the apex, abruptly narrowing at the base, and sessile or
partly clasping ; stipules free, obtuse, about 6 lines long, mostly
deciduous but often persistent, and closely sheathing the stem;
spikes few, capitate, 4-6 flowered, on erect peduncles from 1-2 inches
long. With the habit of P. perfoliatus, but scarcely ^ as stout in
any of its parts." Morong in Bot. Gaz., Vol. V., No. 5.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 101

P. CRISPUS, L.

Spy Pond, Arlington ; probably introduced (C. E. Faxon).
P. zosteraefolius, Schum. (P. compressus, L., Man.)

Cambridge and Natick (Rev. Thos. Morong).
P. obtusifolius, Mert. & Koch.

Natick (Rev. Thos. Morong, specimen in herb. of).
P. pauciflorus, Pursh.

Medf ord (Wm. Boott) ; Cambridge (Rev. Thos. Morong) .
P. pusillus, L.

Common.
P. pusillus, L., var. polyphyllus, Morong.

So. Natick and Fresh Pond, Cambridge (Rev. Thos. Morong).

"A dwarf form, 3-5 inches high, divaricately branching from the

base, and very leafy throughout ; leaves very obtuse, not cuspidate,

3-nerved ; non-flowering, but abundantly provided with propagating

buds which are formed on the thickened and hardened ends of the

branches, and closely invested by imbricated leaves." Morong in

Bot. Gaz., Vol. V., No. 5.
P. pusillus, L., var, tenuissimus, Mert. & Koch.

Natick (Rev. Thos. Morong).
P. gemmiparus, Robbins, (P. pusillus, L., var. gemmiparus,

Man.)

Mystic Pond (E. Tuckerman) ; So. Natick (Rev. Thos. Morong).
P. Robbinsii, Oakes.

Fresh Pond (E. Tuckerman) ; Medf ord (Win. Boott) ; Concord

(WalterDeane).

TRIGLOCHIN, L.

T. maritimum, L. ARROW-GRASS.
Common in salt marshes. June-July.

SCHEUCHZERIA, L.

S. palustris, L.
Ashby (W. H. Manning) ; Tewksbury (B. D. Greene). June-July.

ALISMACE>£. WATER-PLANTAIN FAMILY.

ALISMA, L.

A. Plantago, L., var. Americanum, Gray. WATER-PLANTAIN.
Rather common. June-July.

ECHINODORUS, Rich., Engelm.

E. parvulus, Engelm.

Cambridge (James); Winter Pond, Winchester (Dr. C. W. Swan).
July-Aug.

102 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

SAGITTARIA, L.

S. variabilis, Engelm. ARROW-HEAD.

Very common; including vars. obtusa and latifolia, Engelm.,

Maiden (H. L. Moody) ; var. hastata, Engelm., Cambridge (G.

E. Davenport); var. diversifolia, Engelm., Lowell (W. H.

Manning) ; and var. angustifolia, Lowell (L. L. Dame). June-

Aug.
S. calycina, Engelm.

Medford (Wm. Boott, specimen in herb. of). July.
S. graminea, Michx.

Cambridge and Arlington (C. E. Perkins) ; Framingham and

Natick (Rev. Thos. Morong) ; Medford (W. H. Manning). Aug.
S. graminea, Michx., var. fluitans, Engelm.

So. Natick (Rev. Thos. Morong; specimen in herb. of). Aug.
S. natans, Michx.

Westford (C. E. Perkins) ; Littleton (W. H. Manning).

HYDROCHARIDACEy^E. FROG'S-BIT FAMILY.

ANACHARIS, Rich.
A. Canadensis, Planch. WATER-WEED.

Somerville (Warner Bailey) ; Arlington (Wm. Boott) ; Fresh Pond,
Cambridge (Rev. Thos. Morong). July.

VALLISNERIA, Mich.

V. spiralis, L. TAPE-GRASS. EEL-GRASS.
Common. July-Aug.

ORCHIDACE^E. ORCHID FAMILY.

ORCHIS, L.

*O. spectabilis, L. SHOWY ORCHIS.

Cambridge (T. W. Harris in Hovey's Mag., VI., 245). Concord, in-
troduced from Vermont by Minot Pratt. May. Very rare.

HABENARIA, Willd., R. Br.

H. tridentata, Hook.
Common. June-Aug.

H. virescens, Spreng.
Not uncommon. June-July.

H. dilatata, Gray.

Lexington (Baldwin's Orchids of N. E.) ; Reading and Stoneham
(Wm. Boott, specimen in herb. of). The Concord plant was intro-
duced by Minot Pratt. June-July.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 103

*H. oUusata, Richards.

Concord, introduced from Wachusett by Minot Pratt. June.
H. Hookeri, Torr.

Ashby (W. H. Manning); Stoneham (Mrs. P. D. Richards);

Hopkinton (Dr. C. W. Swan). Rare. June.
H. orbiculata, Torr.

Generally distributed, but not common. July.
H. ciliaris, R- Br. YELLOW FRINGED-ORCHIS.

Lexington, 1862 (Wm. Boott), specimen in the Gray herb. Very

rare. July-Sept.
H. blephariglottis, Hook. WHITE FRINGED-ORCHIS.

Generally distributed, but rare. July-Aug.
H. blephariglottis, Hook., var. holopetala, Gray.

Littleton (W. H. Manning). July-Aug.
H. lacera, R. Br. RAGGED FRINGED-ORCHIS.

Common. July-Aug.
H. psycodes, Gray. PURPLE FRINGED-ORCHIS.

Common. A form at Maiden with white flowers (F. S. Collins).

July-Aug.
H . f imbriata, R. Br. LARGER PURPLE FRINGED-ORCHIS.

Generally distributed, but not common. June-July.

GOODYERA, R. Br.

G. repens, R. Br. RATTLESNAKE PLANTAIN.

Not uncommon. Aug. ,

G. pubescens, R. Br. RATTLESNAKE PLANTAIN.

Rather common. July-Aug.

SPIRANTHES, Rich.

S. latifolia, Torr.

Groton (Miss H. E. Haynes) ; N. Reading (W. H. Manning).

Rare. June.
S. cernua, Rich. LADIES' TRESSES.

Common. Aug.-Oct.
S. graminea, Lindl., var. Walteri, Gray.

Townsend (Miss H. E. Haynes); Billerica (W. H. Manning).

Rare. July-Aug.
S. gracilis, Bigel. SLENDER LADIES' TRESSES.

Common. July-Oct.

ARETHUSA, Gronov.

A. bulbosa, L.
Frequent.' May.

104 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

POGONIA, Jus 8.

P. ophioglossoides, Nutt.
Common. June-July.

P. verticil lata, Nutt.

Ashby (W. H. Manning); Tewksbury (Rev. H. C. Duganne) ;
Lowell (Dr. F. Nickerson) ; Billerica (Baldwin's Orchids of N. E.).
Rare. May- June.

CALOPOGON, R. Br.

C. pulchellus, R. Br.

Common. June-July.

MICROSTYLIS, Nutt.

*M. ophioglossoides, Nutt.

Wilmington (E. H. Hitchings and Miss M. E. Carter). Very rare.
July.

LIPARIS, Rich.

*L. liliifolia, Rich. TWAYBLADE.

Cambridge, (Bigelow's Fl. Bost.) ; Natick (Austin Bacon). Very

rare. June.
L. Loeselii, Rich.

Tewksbury and Chelmsford (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Woburn (Miss

M. E. Carter) ; Ashland (Rev. Thos. Morong) ; Belmont (C. E.

Perkins) ; W. Medford (Mrs. P. D. Richards). Rare. June.

CORALLORHIZA, Hall.

C. innata, R. Br.

Stoneham and Medford (C. E. Perkins) ; Bedford (C. W. Jenks) ;
Natick (Baldwin's Orchids of N. E.) ; Tewksbury (B. D. Greene).
May-June.
C. multiflora, Nutt.

Rather common. July-Sept.

CYPRIPEDIUM, L.

*C. arietinum~R. Br. RAM'S-HEAD LADY'S SLIPPER.

Concord, introduced from Vermont by Miuot Pratt. June.
C. parviflorum, Salisb. SMALLER YELLOW LADY'S SLIPPER.

Groton (Miss. H. E. Haynes) ; Westford (Baldwin's Orchids of

N. E.) ; Acton (Walter Deane; specimen in herb, of); Concord,

introduced by Minot Pratt. Very rare. June.
C. pubescens, Willd. LARGER YELLOW LADY'S SLIPPER.

Reading and Lexington (Baldwin's Orchids of N. E.) ; Ashland

(Rev. Thos. Morong) ; Stowe (Walter Deane ; specimen in herb, of) ;

Concord, introduced by Minot Pratt. Very rare. June.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 105

C. spectabile, Sw. SHOWY LADY'S SLIPPER.
Wilmington (Baldwin's Orchids of N. E.) ; Reading, found in a
cedar swamp in 1866 (Miss Clymena Wakefield) ; Concord, intro-
duced from Con way, 1ST. H., by Minot Pratt. Very rare. July.

C. acaule, Ait. LADY'S SLIPPER.

Common. A form with white flowers reported at Ashby by F. S.
Collins, and at N. Reading by John Robinson ; rare. May-June.

AMARYLLIDACE^E. AMARYLLIS FAMILY.

HYPOXYS, L.

H. erecta, L. STAR GRASS.
Common. May-Aug.

H/£MODORACE>£. BLOODWORT FAMILY.

ALETRIS, L.

*A. farinosa, L. COLIC-ROOT. STAR-GRASS.
Framingham (Rev. J. H. Temple). Rare. July- Aug.

IRIDACE^E. IRIS FAMILY.

IRIS, L.

I. versicolor, L. LARGER BLUE FLAG.
Common. May-June.

I. Virginica, L. SLENDER BLUE FLAG. BOSTON IRIS.
Less common than the preceding. May-June.

/. Pseudacorus, L.

Occasionally escaped, but hardly established. Int. from Eu.
" Beardless ; leaves sword-shaped, lanceolate linear, about equalling
the terete, many flowered stem ; sepals ovate with a broad claw,
the linear petals narrower and shorter than the pistils. Flowers
yellow, the sepals having in place of the beard, a yellow spot,
marked with very fine black or dark purple veins." Koch, Syn.
Fl. Germ.

SISYRINCHIUM, L.

S. anceps, Cav. (S. Bermudiana, L., Man., in part.)
Common. May-July. A form with pure white flowers has been
observed at Reading by W. H. Manning.

106 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

S. mucronatum, Michx. (S. Bermudiana, L., var. mucronatum,
Man.)

Wilmington (F. S. Collins) ; Chelmsford (Dr. C. W. Swan). Much
the less common species. May-July.

DIOSCOREACE/'E. YAM FAMILY.

DIOSCOREA, Plum.

*D. villosa, L. WILD YAM ROOT.

" Woods, Concord Turnpike " (Bigelow's Fl. Bost.) Not since re-
ported. July.

SMILACE^E. SMILAX FAMILY.

SMILAX, Tourn.

S. rotundifolia, L. GREEN BRIAR.

Common. June-July.
S. glauca, Walt.

Weston (L. L. Dame). An extreme northern station. July.
S. herbacea, L. CARRION-FLOWER.

Common. June.
*S. Lherbacea, L., var. peduncularis, A. DC. (var. pulver-

ulenta, Man.)

Maiden (F. S. Collins) ; Natick (Austin Bacon) ; Marlboro (Mrs.

A. M. Staples). June.

LILIACE,C. LILY FAMILY.

TRILLIUM, L.
* T. sessile, L.

Concord, introduced from the West by Minot Pratt. June.
*T. rvcurvatum, Beck.

Concord, introduced from Wisconsin by Minot Pratt. June.
*T. grandiftorum, Salisb. LARGE-FLOWERED TRILLIUM.

Concord, introduced by Minot Pratt. June.
T. erectum, L. PURPLE TRILLIUM. BIRTHROOT.

Townsend (Miss H. E. Haynes and C. W. Jenks) ; Ashby (L. L.

Dame). Concord, introduced from Wachusett by Minot Pratt.

Rare. May.
T. cernuum, L. NODDING TRILLIUM. WAKE-ROBIN.

Common. May-June.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 107

*T. nivale, Ridd. DWARF WHITE TRILLIUM.

Concord, introduced from Illinois by Minot Pratt. Apr.-May.
T. erythrocarpum, Michx. PAINTED TRILLIUM.

Ashby, common (L. L. Dame) ; Groton (C. W. Jenks) ; Concord

(Minot Pratt) ; Tewksbury (B. D. Greene) ; Framingham (Rev.

J. H. Temple). Rare, except in the northern towns. May-June.

MEDEOLA, Gronov.

M. Virginica, L. INDIAN CUCUMBER-ROOT.
Common. June.

VERATRUM, Tourn.

V. viride, Ait. AMERICAN WHITE HELLEBORE. INDIAN POKE.

Common. June-July.

UVULARIA, L.
* U. grandi/lora. Smith.

Concord, introduced frosii Vermont by Minot Pratt. May-June.
U. perfoliata, L. BELLWORT.

Rather common. May.

OAKESIA, Wats.

O. sessilifolia, Wats. (Uvularia sessilifolia, L, Man.) BELL-
WORT. WILD OATS.
Common. May.

STREPTOPUS, Michx.

S. amplexifolius, DC.

Ashby (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Concord, introduced from Wachusett by
Minot Pratt. June.

CLINTONIA, Raf.
C. boreal is, Raf.
Common, especially in the northern part of the county. May-June.

CONVALLARIA, L.

C. majalis, L. LILT OF THE VALLEY.

Concord, introduced by Minot Pratt ; Wakefield, apparently estab-
lished (F. S. Collins). May-June. Adv. from Eu. and from the
South.

SMILACINA, Desf.

S. racemosa, Desf. FALSE SPIKENARD.

Common. June.
S. stellata, Desf.

Waverly (Wm. Boott) ; near Fresh Pond, Cambridge (C. E.

Faxon) ; Concord, introduced from Breed's Island by Minot Pratt.

May-June.

108 MIDDLESEX FLOKA.

S. trifolia, Desf.
Occasional throughout the county, but nowhere common. May.

MAIANTHEMUM, Desf.

M, Canadense, Desf. (Smilacina bifolia, Ker, Man.) FALSE

SOLOMON'S SEAL.

Very common. May-June.

POLYGONATUM, Tourn.

P. biflorum, Ell. SMALLER SOLOMON'S SEAL.
Common. May-June.

ASPARAGUS, L.

A. OFFICINALIS, L. GARDEN ASPARAGUS.
Common. June-July. Nat. from Eu.

LILIUM, L.

L. Philadelphicum, L. WILD EED LILY. WOOD LILY.

Common. July.
L. Canadense, L. WILD YELLOW LILY. MEADOW LILY.

Common. July.
L. TIGRINUM, L. TIGER LILY.

Occasionally spontaneous and locally established. July-Aug.

Nat. from Eu. For description, see Wood's Bot. & Fl.

ERYTHRONIUM, L.

E. Americanum, Smith. DOG'S-TOOTH VIOLET. YELLOW-
ADDER'S-TONGUE.
Frequent. Apr.-May.

ORNITHOGALUM, Tourn.

O. UMBELLATUM, L. STAR-OF-BETHLEHEM.

Not uncommon. June. Nat. from Eu.
SCILLA, L.

*S. Fraseri, Gray.

Concord, introduced from Illinois by Minot Pratt. May.

ALLIUM, L.

A. tricoccum, Ait. WILD LEEK.

Framingham (Kev. J. H. Temple). Very rare. July.
A. Canadense, Kalm. WILD GARLIC.

Frequent. May-June.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 109

YUCCA, L.

* Y. filamentosa, L. ADAM'S NEEDLE.

Reading, "persistent for several years on waste heaps, and spread-
ing slowly by roots " (W. H. Manning). Adv. from the South.
July-

HEMEROCALLIS, L.

H. FULVA, L. DAY LILY.

Locally established. July. Nat. from Eu.
H. FLAVA, L. YELLOW DAY LILY.

Locally established. July. Nat. from Eu.

JUNCACE/E. RUSH FAMILY.

LUZULA, DC. WOOD-RUSH.

L. campestris, DC.
Common.

JUNCUS, L. RUSH. BOG-RUSH.

J. eff usus, L. COMMON RUSH. SOFT RUSH.

Common.
*J. eff usus, L., var. conglomeratus, Gray.

Concord (H. S. Richardson).
J. filiformis, L.

Concord, (E. S. Hoar; specimen in herb. of).
J. Balticus, Dethard.

Medford (Wm. Boott).
J. marginatus, Rostk.

Common.
J. bufonius, L.

Dracut (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Medford (G. E. Davenport) ; Somerville

(C. E. Perkins) ; Concord (E. S. Hoar).
J. Gerardi, Loisel. BLACK GRASS.

Very common on salt marshes.
J. tenuis, Willd.

Common.
J. tenuis, Willd., var. secundus, Gray.

Winchester (Rev. G. P. Huntington) .
J. Greenii, Oakes & Tuck.

Pepperell, Dracut and Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Medford (Wm.

Boott).
J. pelocarpus, E. Meyer.

Generally distributed.

110 MIDDLESEX FLOKA.

J. articulatus, L.

Groton and Lowell (Dr. C. W.Swan) ; Medford (Wm. Boott).
J. militaris, Bigel. BAYONET RUSH.

Tewksbury (B. D. Greene); Dracut and Westford (Dr. C. W.

Swan) ; Concord (Walter Deane) ; Bedford (C. W. Jenks).
J. acuminatus, Michx., var. debilis, Engelm.

" Issue of Mystic river" (Wm. Boott; specimen in herb. of).
J. acuminatus, Michx., var. legitimus, Engelrn.

Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Medford and Somerville (C. E. Perkins) .
J. nodosus, L.

Medford (Wm. Boott; specimen in herb. of).
J. scirpoides, Lam.

Medford (Wm. Boott; specimen in herb. of).
J. scirpoides, Lam., var. polycephalus, Engelm.

Tewksbury (B. D. Greene), specimen in herb. B. S. N. H. Un-
doubtedly adv. from farther South.
J. Canadensis, J. Gay, var. longicaudatus, Engelm.

Generally distributed.
J. Canadensis, J. Gay, var. coarctatus, Engelm.

Billerica and Marlboro (Dr. C. W. Swan); Somerville (C. E.

Perkins).

PONTEDERIACE^E. PICKEREL-WEED FAMILY.

PONTEDERIA, L.

P. cordata, L. PICKEREL-WEED.
Common.

COMMELYNACEyE. SPIDERWORT FAMILY.

TRADESCANTIA, L. SPIDERWORT.

T. Virginica, L.

Ashland (F. S. Collins), growing along the track of the B. & A.
R. R., remote from houses. Adv. from farther South.

XYRIDACE>£. YELLOW-EYED-GRASS FAMILY.

XYRIS, L.

X. flexuosa, Muhl. YELLOW-EYED-GRASS.
Nagog Pond, Acton, Aug., 1882 (W. H. Manning) ; Ashland (Rev.
Thos. Morong).

MIDDLESEX FLOKA. Ill

X. fle"xuosa, Muhl., var. pusilla, Gray.

Wilmington (C. E. Perkins).
X. Caroliniana, Walt.

Ashland (Rev. Thos. Morong) ; Ashby (L. L. Dame) ; Martin's

Pond, N. Reading (W. H. Manning). Apparently the commoner

species here.

ERIOCAULONACE^:. PIPEWORT FAMILY.

ERIOCAULON, L.

E. septangulare, With. PIPEWORT.
Rather common.

CYPERACE>£. SEDGE FAMILY.

CYPERUS, L. GALINGALE.

C. diandrus, Torr.

Common.
C. diandrus, Torr., var. castaneus, Torr.

Somerville (C. E. Perkins).
C. Nuttallii, Eddy, Torr.

Rather common near tide-water.
C. aristatus, Rottb. (C. inflexus, Muhl., Man.)

Winchester (C. E. Perkins) ; Cambridge, specimen in herb. B. S.

N. H.
C. dentatus, Torr.

Common.
C. esculentus, L. (C. phymatodes, Muhl., Man.)

Lowell, Tewksbury and Dracut (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Concord (F. S.

Collins).
C. strigosus, L.

Common.
C. strigosus, L., var. compositus, Britton.

Maiden (F. S. Collins). Possibly introduced.

"Umbel compound; spikelets £-£ in. long, 4-5 flowered." N". L.

Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, Vol. XIII. , p. 212.
C. speciosus, Vahl. (C. Michauxianus, Schult., Man.)

Cambridge, (H. A. Young) ; Apparently scarce in the county.
C. Engelmanni, Steud.

Fresh Pond, Cambridge (Walter Deane) ; Spy Pond, Arlington

(H. A. Young). Not common.

112 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

C. fillculmis, Vahl.

Common.

DULICHIUM, Richard.

D. spathaceum; Pers.

Common.

FUIRENA, Rottb.

F. squarrosa, Michx. UMBRELLA GRASS.
Round Pond, Tewksbury (Wm. Boott; specimen in herb. of).

ELEOCHARIS, R. Br. SPIKE-RUSH.

E. Robbinsii, Oakes.

Flat Pond, Groton (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Tewksbury and Spot Pondr
Stoneham (Wm. Boott); Ashland (Rev. Thos. Morong). Not
common.

E. tuberculosa, R. Br.

Tewksbury (B. D. Greene) ; Wilmington (H. A. Young) ; Bedford
(Dr. C. W. Swan). Rare.

E. obtusa, Schult.
Maiden, Winchester, Concord, et al. Not uncommon.

E. Engelmanni, Steud.
Pine Hill, Medford, Aug. 19, 1880 (C. W. Swan).

E. Engelmanni, Steud., var. detonsa, Gray.
Winter Pond, Winchester, Aug. 23, 1878 (E. H. Hitchings). At
the same locality, Aug., 1884, a proliferous form, in dense heads of
aggregated spikes and entirely asexual; associated closely with
the variety (C. W. Jenks).

E. olivacea, Torr.

Tewksbury (B. D. Greene) ; Medford (Wm. Boott) ; Melrose (H.

A. Young) ; Littleton (L. L. Dame). Not common.
E. palustris, R. Br.

Common.

E. rostellata, Torr.
Medford (Wm. Boott; F. S. Collins).

E. tenuis, Schult.

Common.
E. acicularis, R. Br.

Common.
E. pygmsea, Torr.

Spot Pond, Stoneham (L. H. Bailey, Jr.) ; Medford (Wm. Boott) ;

Watertown (F. S. Collins). Not common.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 113

SCIRPUS, L. BULRUSH. CLUB-RUSH.

S. planifolius, Muhl.

Maiden and Melrose (H. A. Young) ; Medford (C. E. Perkins) ;

Concord (E. S. Hoar) ; Wakefleld (F. S. Collins). Not common.
S. subterminalis, Torr.

Generally distributed.
S. pungens, Vahl.

Common.
S. Torreyi, Olney.

Groton (C. W. Jenks) ; Westford (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Spot Pond,

Stoneham, and Sandy Pond, Littleton (Win. Boott) ; Concord

(C. E. Perkins).
S. lacustris, L. (S. validus, Vahl., Man.) GREAT BULRUSH.

Generally distributed.
S. debilis, Pursh.

Tewksbury and Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Winchester and Med-
ford (C. E. Perkins) ; Newton (C. J. Sprague) ; Concord (E. S.

Hoar).
S. supinus,L., var. Hallii, Gray.

Winter Pond, Winchester (E. H. Hitchings, 1878 ; C. W. Jenks and

Dr. C. W. Swan, 1884).
S. maritimus, L. SEA CLUB-RUSH.

Common near brackish water.
S. sylvaticus, L.

Winchester (C. E. Perkins) ; Medford and Woburn (Wm. Boott) ;

Concord (E. S. Hoar).
S. Sylvaticus, L., var. digynus, Boeckl. (S. microcarpus,

Presl, Man.)

Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Medford and Woburn (Wm. Boott) ;

Maiden (F. S. Collins).
S. atrovirens, Muhl.

Ashby, Lowell and Dracut (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Belmont (C. E.

Perkins) ; Bedford (C. W. Jenks) ; Maiden and Medford (F. S.

Collins). Occasional.
S. Eriophorum, Michx. WOOL-GRASS.

Common, and generally distributed; including the forms var.

cyperinus, Gray; Lowell, Acton and Hopkinton (Dr. C. W.

Swan) ; and var. laxus, Gray; Lowell and Chelmsford (Dr. C. W.

Swan) .

ERIOPHORUM, L. COTTON GRASS.
E. alpinum, L.

Groton (C. W. Jenks) ; Woburn and Arlington (Wm. Boott) ; Ash-
land (Rev. Thos. Morong).

114 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

E. vaginatum, L.

Maiden (R. Frohock) ; Melrose (H. A. Young) ; Concord (E. S.

Hoar) ; Natick (Rev. Thos. Morong).
E. Virginicum, L.

Common.
E. polystachyon, L.

Common.

E. gracile, Koch.

Reading and Medford (C. E. Perkins) ; Bedford (Dr. C. W. Swan) ;
Concord (E. S. Hoar) ; Natick (Rev. Thos. Morong).

FlMBRISTYLIS, Vahl.

F. autumnalis, Roem. & Schult.
Rather common.

F. capillaris, Gray.
Common.

RHYNCHOSPORA, Vahl. BEAK-RUSH.

R. f usca, Roem. & Schult.

Groton and Westford (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Cambridge (Wm. Boott) ;

Bedford (C. W. Jenks) ; Concord (E. S. Hoar). Not common.
R. alba, Vahl.

Frequent.
R. glomerata, Vahl.

Common.

CLADIUM, P. Browne. TWIG-RUSH.

C. mariscoides, Torr.

Groton, Westford, Winchester, Ashland, et al. Not very common.

SCLERIA, L. NUT-RUSH.

S. triglomerata, Michx.

Concord (E. S. Hoar; specimen in herb. of).
S. reticularis, Michx.
Winter Pond, Winchester (Wm. Boott, C. E. Perkins, et al.)

CAREX, L. SEDGE.

C. folliculata, L.

Common.
C. intumescens, Rudge.

Frequent.
C. lurida, Wahl. (C. lupulina, Muhl., Man.)

Common.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 115

C. lurida, Wahl., var. polystachya, Bailey.

A form with long peduncles (2^ in.) and oblong-cylindrical spikes

(2^ X % in.), Chelmsford (Dr. C. W. Swan). Prof. Bailey states

that he has never before seen this variety from so far east.
C. oligosperma, Michx.

Concord, abundant in cold bogs near the river (Walter Deane) ;

Tewksbury (Wm. Boott) ; Bedford (Dr. C. W. Swan).
C. rostrata, With., var. utriculata, Bailey, (C. utriculata, Boott,

Man.)

Common.
C. monile, Tuck.

Generally distributed, but not very common. In a singular form

found near the Concord river at Bedford (Dr. C. W. Swan), the

culm itself forms by continuation the axis of the upper fertile

spike, which, in the specimens at hand, is surmounted, or not, by

a solitary and sessile staminate spike.
C. Tuckermani, Boott.

Concord (E. S. Hoar, and specimen in Thoreau Herb.)
C. bullata, Schk.

Rather common.
C. tentaculata, Muhl.

Very common.
C. Pseudo-Cyperus, L.

Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan).

C. Pseudo-Cyperus, L., var. comosa, Wm. Boott, (C. comosa,

Boott, Man.)

Rather common.
C. scabrata, Schw.

Ashby (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Maiden (C. E. Perkins) ; Concord,

abundant (Walter Deane) ; Arlington (Wm. Boott).
C. vestita, Willd.

Frequent. A leafy form with usually three fertile spikes, and

lowest bract much exceeding the culm, occurs at Lowell (Dr. C.

W. Swan).
C. filiformis, L.

Common.
C. filiformis, L., var. latifolia, Boeckl. (C. lanuginosa, Michx.,

Man.)

Common.
C. HIRTA, L.

Cambridge (L. H. Bailey, Jr.) ; Melrose (C. E. Perkins) ; Medford

(Wm. Boott) ; Ashland (Rev. Thos. Morong). Nat. from Eu.

116 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

C. trichocarpa, Muhl.

Concord (E. S. Hoar; specimen in herb, of) ; Ashland (Rev. Thos.

Morong) .
C. riparia, W. Curtis.

Maiden (H. A. Young) ; Medford (F. S. Collins) ; Concord Turn-
pike (Wm. Boott) ; Cambridge (L. H. Bailey, Jr.)
C. Buxbaumii, Wahl.

Arlington, Chelmsford, Ashland, et al. Not very common.
C. vulgaris, Fries.

Common.
C. aquatilis, Wahl.

Concord (specimen in Thoreau Herb., jfaZe Walter Deane).
C. Stricta, Lam., (including C. stricta, var. strictior, and C. angus-

tata, Boott, Man.)

Very common.
C. stricta, Lam., var. decora, Bailey, (C. aperta, Boott, Man.)

Cambridge (L. H. Bailey, Jr.) ; Melrose and Ashland (Rev. Thos.

Morong) ; Concord (E. S. Hoar) ; Belmont and Winchester (Win.

Boott) ; Hopkinton (F. S. Collins).
C. salina X stricta, Bailey, (C. spiculosa, Fries. ?, Wm. Boott,

Bot. Gaz., IX., 88).

Salt marshes, Medford and Arlington (Wm. Boott; Rev. Thos.

Morong).
C. lenticularis, Michx.

Lowell, banks of the Merrimack (Dr. C. W. Swan).
C. prasina, Wahl. (C. miliacea, Muhl., Man.)

Medford (C. E. Perkins) ; Belmont and Arlington (Wm. Boott).

C. salina, Wahl.

Medford (Rev. Thos. Morong; Win. Boott); Arlington (F. S.

Collins).
C. maritima, Mueller.

Medford (Win. Boott) ; Cambridge (Man.) ; Arlington (Edwin

Faxon ; specimen in herb, of) . Rare.
C. crinita, Lam.

Common.
C. crinita, Lam., var. gynandra, Schw. & Torr. (C. gynandra,

Schw., Man.)

Ashby, Lowell and Framingham (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Medford and

Woburn (Wm. Boott) ; Concord (Horace Mann, 1862).
C. limosa, L.

Long Pond, Tewksbury (Wm. Boott, specimen in the Boott Herb.)
C. virescens, Muhl.

Common.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 117

C. arctata, Boott.

Ashby (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Medford (C. E. Perkins) ; Maiden (Wm.

Boott).
C. debilis, Michx.

Common.
C. gracillima, Schw.

Lowell, Acton, Cambridge, Newton, et al. Not uncommon.
C. f lava, L.

Common.
C. CEderi, Retz.

Maiden (H. A. Young) ; Medford (Wm. Boott).
C.fulva, Good.

Tewksbury (B. D. Greene, specimen in herb. B. S. N. H.) Not

since reported, and probably adventive.
*C. Icevigata, Smith.

Tewksbury (B. D. Greene). Not since reported, and probably

adventive.
C. pallescens, L.

Common; including the form with wavy sheaths known as var.

undulata, Carey, Concord (E. S. Hoar).
C. conoidea, Schk.

Rather common.
C, laxiflora, Lam., var. patulifolia, Carey, (var. plantaginea,

Boott, Man.)

Maiden and Hopkinton (F. S. Collins) ; Medford (Wm. Boott).

C. laxiflora, L., var. intermedia, Boott.
Melrose (Rev. Thos. Morong) ; Maiden and Medford (Wm. Boott) ;
Woburn (C. E. Perkins) ; Wakefield (F. S. Collins).

C. laxiflora, Lam., var. striatula, Carey, (var. blanda, Boott,
Man.)

Cambridge (L. H. Bailey, Jr.); Melrose (Rev. Thos. Morong);
Winchester ("Wm. Boott) ; Maiden and Wakefield (F. S. Collins).
An abnormal form with enlarged and inflated pergynia, Wakefield,
June 19, 1887 (F. S. Collins).

C. laxiflora, Lam., var. latifolia, Boott.

Acton (Walter Deane; specimen in herb, of); Maiden (Wm.
Boott).

It is doubtful if we have the type, which is thus characterized;
u Perigynium elliptic, attenuated at the apex, not prominently
nerved; beak not strongly curved; leaves 3 lines or less broad;
pistillate spikes an inch or more long, narrow, loosely flowered,
cylindrical ; staminate spike long peduncled." Bailey, Prel. Syn-
opsis N. A. Carices.

118 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

C. retrocurva, Dew.

Melrose and Medford (C. E. Perkins) ; Cambridge (L. H. Bailey,
Jr.) ; Concord (herb. Thoreau, fide Walter Deane) ; Belmont (Wm.
Boott).

C. digitalis, Willd.

Cambridge (L. H. Bailey, Jr.) ; Belmont (Walter Deane) ; Maiden
and Medford (Wm. Boott); Wakefield (F. S. Collins). Not very
common.

C. platyphylla, Carey.
Medford (C. E. Perkins) ; Cambridge (L. H. Bailey, Jr.)

C. PANICEA, L.

Cambridge and Concord (Walter Deane) ; Maiden and Melrose (H.

A. Young); Watertown (L. H. Bailey, Jr.); Reading (C. E.
Perkins) ; Newton (Wm. Boott). Nat. from Eu.

C. eburnea, Boott.

Reading (W. H. Manning.) Rare.
C. pedunculata, Muhl.

Woburn (Wm. Boott) ; Fresh Pond, Cambridge. Specimen in herb.

B. S. N. H.

C. Pennsylvanica, Lam.

Very common.
C. varia, Muhl.

Ashby (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Melrose and Stoneham (H. A. Young) ;

Medford (Wm. Boott) ; *«var. B. minor, Maiden and Spot Pond,"

(herb. Wm. Boott).

C. Emmonsii, Dew.

Ashby and Waltham (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Maiden (H. A. Young) ;

Medford (C. E. Perkins) ; Wilmington and Melrose (F. S. Collins).
C. umbellata, Schk.

Medford and Maiden (Wm. Boott).
C. PR^ECOX, Jacq.

Maiden (H. A. Young). Nat. from Eu.
C. Willdenovii, Schk.

Melrose (Wm. Boott) ; Waltham list. Specimen in the Boott Herb.
C. polytrichoides, Muhl.

Generally distributed.
C. stipata, Muhl.

Common.
C. teretiuscula, Good.

Winchester, Tewksbury, and Fresh Pond, Cambridge (Wm. Boott) ;

Concord (E. S. Hoar). Specimen in the Boott Herb.
C. vulpinoidea, Michx.

Common.

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

C- tenella, Schk.

Billerica (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Concord (E. S. Hoar, and herb.

Thoreau) .
C. rosea, Schk.

Common.
C. rosea, Schk., var. radiata, Dew. (including var. minor, Boott,

Man). Stoneham (F. S. Collins). Probably not uncommon.
C. rosea, Schk., var. retroflexa, Torr. (C. retroflexa, Muhl.,

Man.)

Maiden (H. A. Young) ; Melrose (Rev. Thos. Morong) ; Concord

(E. S. Hoar) ; Newton (F. S. Collins) ; hills about Spot Pond (Wm.

Boott) . Not common.

C. MURICATA, L.

Somerville (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Concord (herb. Thoreau) ; Medford
(F. S. Collins) ; Arlington (Wm. Boott). Nat. from Eu.

C. sparganioides, Muhl.

Melrose (H. A. Young) ; Winchester (C. E. Perkins) ; Concord

(E. S. Hoar) ; Maiden (F. S. Collins). Not common.
C. Muhlenbergii, Schk.

Rather common.
C. cephalophora, Muhl.

Not uncommon.
C. exilis, Dew.

Concord (E. S. Hoar); Tewksbury (F. Boott; specimen in herb.

B. S. N. H.) ; Lexington (C. E. Faxon) ; et al. Not very common.
C. echinata, Murr., var. microstachys, Boeckl. (including C.

sterilis, Willd., C. stellulata, L., var. angustata, Carey, and var.

scirpoides, Carey, Man.)

C. canescens, L.

Common.
C. canescens, L., var. polystachya, Boott.

Ashland (Rev. Thos. Morong; specimen in herb. of).
C. canescens, L., var. vulgaris, Bailey, (var. alpicola, Bailey,

Synopsis, in part.)

Cambridge (W. Deane; specimen in herb. of).

*4 Differs from the species in its more slender culm and laxer habit,

its small spikes, and usually smaller and spreading perigynia.

Typical C. canescens is a stout plant, with compact spikes, one-

fourth or three-eighths inch long. Both the species and this variety

are characterized by a silvery color of the spikes." Bailey, Bot.

Gaz., XIII., 86.
C. trisperma, Dew.

Not uncommon.

120 MIDDLESEX FLOKA.

C. bromoides, Schk.

Medford (C. E. Perkins) ; Belmont (Wm. Boott).
C. Deweyana, Schw.

Concord (E. S. Hoar; specimen in herb. of).
C. siccata, Dew.

Lowell, Groton, Newton, Arlington, et al. Not uncommon.
C. tribuloides, Wahl. (C. lagopodioides, Schk., Man.)

Common.
C. tribuloides, Wahl., var. cristata, Bailey, (C. cristata, Schw.,

Man.)

Ashland and Natick (Rev. Thos. Morong) ; Belmont ( Wm. Boott) .

Specimen in the Boott Herb.

C. tribuloides, Wahl., var. reducta, Bailey.
Waverly (L. H. Bailey, Jr. ; specimen in herb. of).
"Culm slender, especially above, where it surpasses the long-
pointed and lax leaves : spikes two to ten, small, nearly globular
(usually less than three lines in diameter), all distinct, the lowest
separated, mostly bright straw or rust color, the points of the spread-
ing perigynium conspicuous." Bailey, Prel. Syn. N". A. Carices.

C. scoparia, Schk.
Common.

C. adusta, Boott.

Ashland, abundant (Rev. Thos. Morong) ; Maiden, Medford and
Newton (Wm. Boott). Specimen in the Boott Herb.

C. Straminea, Schk. (including vars. festucacea, Boott, hyalina
and typica, Gray, and C. foenea, var. (?) ferruginea, Gray, Man.)
Common.

C. Straminea, Schk., var. mirabilis, Tuck. (C. cristata, var.

mirabilis, Gray, Man.)

Wilmington (F. S. Collins); Cambridge (L. H. Bailey, Jr.);

Medford, common (Wm. Boott) ; Acton ( Walter Deane).
C. Straminea, Schk., var. alata, Bailey, (C. alata, Torr., Man.)

Chelmsford (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Cambridge (Walter Deane) ; Ash-
land (Rev. Thos. Morong). JSTot common.
C. Straminea, Schk., var. foenea, Torr. (C. fceuea, Willd.,

Man.)

Maiden, Medford and Stoneham (Wm. Boott).
C. Straminea, Schk., var. moniliformis, Tuck. (C. fcenea,

Willd., var. (?) sabulonuin, Gray, Man.)

Maiden (F. S. Collins).
C. Straminea, Schk., var. aperta, Boott.

Cambridge, common (L. H. Bailey, Jr.); Watertown (C. E.

Perkins) ; Arlington (F. S. Collins) ; Medford (Wm. Boott).

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 121

C. straminea, Schk., var. invisa, Wm. Boott.
Mystic Pond, Winchester (L. H. Bailey, Jr.); Medford (Wm.
Boott) ; Medford " a form which is almost var. invisa," fide Bailey,
(F. S. Collins).

C. straminea, Schk., var. ?

"A singular form with which I am not acquainted," L. H.
Bailey, Jr. Wilmington, June 15, 1887 (F. S. Collins).

Culms about 2 feet high, rather slender, smooth, roughish at top,
considerably exceeding the few (3 to 5) narrowly linear (2" wide,
6' to 10' long), taper-pointed, scabrous-edged leaves; spikes 3-5,
nearly globular (3"), the upper contiguous or distinct, the low-
est sometimes rather remote, the uppermost (5" long) abruptly and
conspicuously contracted at the long, staminate base, the others
little or not at all contracted ; perigynia spreading, from lanceolate
to rather broadly ovate, roundish or somewhat pointed at base,
moderately wing-margined, distinctly several-nerved on each side,
gradually tapering from the middle to the slightly bifid apex of
the rough-margined beak, a third longer than the scarious light-
brown ovate obtuse or blunt-pointed scale; achenium shining,
elliptic-ovate, long-apiculate below the green style, abruptly con-
tracted at the sessile base. Spikes pale-green and brownish.
Bracts short and filiform, or absent. Sheaths smooth.

GRAMINE/E. GRASS FAMILY.

PASPALUM, L.

P. setaceum, Michx.

Common.

PANICUM, L. PANIC GRASS.

P. filiforme, L.

Generally distributed, but not common.
P. GLABRUM, Gaudin.
Not uncommon. Nat. from Eu.

P. SANGUINALE, L. CRAB GRASS. FlNGER GRASS.

Common in cultivated and waste ground. Nat. from Eu.
P. agrostoides, Spr.

Frequent.
P. proliferum, Lam.

Westf ord and Bedford (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Waltham List ; Concord

(E. S. Hoar) ; Maiden and Medford (F. S. Collins).
P. capillare, L. OLD-WITCH GRASS.

Common.

122 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

P. virgatum, L.

Concord (E. S. Hoar) ; and common near salt water.

P. latifolium, L.

Not uncommon.

P. clandestinum, L.

Townsend, Lowell, Medford, Concord, et al. Not uncommon.

P. viscidum, Ell.
Arlington, Aug. 31, 1881 (C. E. Perkins).

P. scoparium, Lam. (P. pauciflorum, Ell., Man.)
Chelmsford (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Reading (C. E. Perkins) ; Wal-
tham, abundant ( Walter Deane) ; Wakefleld (F. S. Collins).

P. dichotomum, L.

Dr. C.'W. Swan, who has made a special study of this perplexing

species (or group of species), has kindly contributed the result of

his investigations of the county forms.
"The following are the principal forms found within the county

limits, some of them being considered distinct species :
a. Low, tufted, spreading, slender, geniculate, branching, hairy,

with small, simple little-stalked or partly sheathed panicles, and small

diffuse spikelets. (P. dichotomum, L., P. nodiflorum, Lam.) Common.
6. Similar but taller, more upright, less branched; panicles more

stalked. Forms of a., and approaching c. and/. Common.

c. Slender, tufted, light green, growing in woods, with spreading,
narrow, tapering leaves, nearly straight culms, simple short-stalked
panicles, and small scattered spikelets; nearly smooth, but the
lower nodes sometimes annular! y bearded. Not uncommon.

d. Densely tufted, hairy, with straight culms, numerous narrow
erect leaves, small panicles, with sheathed stalks and small scattered
spikelets. Wilmington and Maiden (F. S. Collins). Also at
Gloucester.

e. Larger, hairy, with wider, more spreading leaves and larger pani-
cles, growing in rich soil. Wilmington (F. S. Collins.)

/. Tall, erect, little tufted, stoutish or sometimes rather slender,
smooth, with spreading or ascending leaves, long-stalked panicles
numerously flowered, the spikelets larger, about a line in length,
obovate, elliptical, and extending well down upon the rather virgate
branches. Not infrequent in rather moist soil.

g. A well marked, stoutish, thick-leaved form of f, with nodes
strongly and conspicuously bearded, but otherwise smooth, has
not been reported from the county, but should be looked for.
Specimens have been received from Nantucket and New Jersey.

h. A large form of /, with largest leaves 4£ inches by 5 lines.
In moist soil at Wilmington (Dr. C. W. Swan).

MIDDLESEX FLOKA. 123

i. A form of /, with very narrow, slender-pointed leaves, rather
small spikelets, long-stalked panicles and smooth foliage. Bear's
Den Road, Middlesex Fells (F. S. Collins).

j. A form received from Nantucket, but not reported in the county,
is moderately tufted, slender, straight, with few erect, thick, very
rough-edged, short and short pointed leaves, ciliate near the base
with few long hairs, the sheaths pubescent on the margins, the
panicles small and long stalked, the spikelets small, obovate and
scattered, of stoutish aspect from the wide sheaths and rigid
leaves. It is entered here that it may be looked for. Possibly
a different species.

P. dichotoinum having never been thoroughly worked up,
provisional names are omitted, as possibly misleading attempts at
adaptations to forms described merely as presented by the
county collections."

P. depauperatum, Muhl.
Maiden, Winchester, Waltham, Concord, et al. Not very common.

P. CRUS-GALLI, L. BARNYARD GRASS.
Very common. Nat. from Eu.

P. CRUS-GALLI, L., var. HISPIDUM, Gray.

Waltham List; Medford (F. S. Collins). Scarce. Possibly native.

P. miliaceum, L. BIRD MILLET.

Lowell, " dumps " (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Maiden, Cambridge and Med-
ford (F. S. Collins). Adv. from Eu.

A coarse, stout grass, 1-3 feet high, with hirsute leaves and sheaths,
swollen nodes, large, open, nodding panicles, large, ovate, solitary
spikelets, becoming yellow in ripening; glumes pointed, subequal.

SETARIA, Beauv.

S. verticillata, Beauv.

Cambridge, growing wild in a garden, 1883 (Walter Deane ; speci-
men in herb, of) ; Waltham List. Adv. from Eu.

S. GLAUCA, Beauv. FOXTAIL. PIGEON GRASS.
Not uncommon. Nat. from Eu.

S. VIRIDIS, Beauv. GREEN FOXTAIL. GREEN PIGEON GRASS. WILD
TIMOTHY. BOTTLE GRASS.
Frequent in waste places. Nat. from Eu.

S. ITALICA, Kunth. HUNGARIAN GRASS. GERMAN MILLET. BEN-
GAL GRASS.

Lowell, Westford, Medford, et al. Forms widely differing in size
and appearance are referred by the best authorities to this species.
Nat. from Eu.

124 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

CENCHRUS, L.

C. tribuloides, L. HEDGEHOG GRASS. BUR GRASS.
Dracut and Chelmsford, in the vicinity of woollen mills (Dr. C.
W. Swan). Possibly introduced here, though it is native in this
region.

SPARTINA, Schreb.

S. cynosuroides, Willd. FRESH-WATER CORD GRASS.

Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Concord (E. S. Hoar) ; and common

near salt water.
S. juncea, Willd. RUSH SALT GRASS.

Common near salt water.
S. stricta, Roth, var. glabra, Gray. SALT MARSH GRASS.

Common near salt water.
S. stricta, Roth, var. alternif lora, Gray.

Medford (Miss A. M. Symmes) ; Cambridge (C. E. Perkins).

ZlZANIA, L.

Z. aquatica, L. INDIAN RICE. WATER OATS.

Not uncommon.

LEERSIA, Sol.

L. Virginica, Willd. WHITE GRASS.

Tewksbury and Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Belmont and Medford
(C. E. Perkins) ; Waltham List. Damp woods ; not common.

L. oryzoides, Sw. RICE CUT GRASS.
Common.

ANDROPOGON, L. BEARD GRASS.

A. provincialis, Lam. (A. furcatus, Muhl., Man.)

Not uncommon.
A. scoparius, Michx.

Common in dry places.
*A. dissitiflorus, Michx. (A. Virginicus, L., Man.)

Waltham List; also reported in the county, but without precise

location, by H. A. Young. Rare.

CHRYSOPOGON, Trin.

C. nutans, Benth. (Sorghum nutans, Gray, Man.) INDIAN
GRASS. WOOD GRASS.
Occasional.

PHALARIS, L.

P. Canariensis, L. CANARY GRASS.

Not uncommon in waste places. It yields the Canary seed, and its
constant recurrence in waste heaps is thus accounted for. Adv.
from Eu.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 125

P. arundinacea, L. REED CANARY GRASS.
Lowell, Concord, Maiden, Natick, et al. Not uncommon.
The form known as var. picta, Gray, the RIBBON GRASS of the
gardens, occurs at Medford (C. E. Perkins) ; and elsewhere. It is
abundantly naturalized in the Medford locality, but shows a tend-
ency to revert to the type, of which it is probably a form rather
than a variety.

ANTHOXANTHUM, L.

A. ODORATUM, L. SWEET VERNAL GRASS.
Rather common. Nat. from Eu.

HIEROCHLOA, Gmel.

H. borealis, Roem. & Schult. VANILLA GRASS. SENECA GRASS.
Maiden (R. Frohock) ; Medford (C. E. Perkins) ; Concord (E. S.
Hoar). Not common. The long summer leaves of this early
flowering, fragrant grass, are used in small basket work.

ALOPECURUS, L.

A. PRATENSIS, L. MEADOW FOXTAIL.
Common. Nat. from Eu.

A. GENICULATUS, L. FLOATING FOXTAIL.

Somerville, Waltham, Concord, et al. Not common. Nat. from
Eu.

A. geniculatus, L., var. aristulatus, Munro. (A. aristulatus,
Michx., Man.) WILD FOXTAIL.
Medford (R. Frohock) ; Fresh Pond, Cambridge (Dr. C. W. Swan).

A. agrestis, L.

Lowell, " dumps " (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv. from Eu.
"Culms erect, roughish above; panicle spike-like, cylindrical, nar-
rowed at each end, its branches bearing 1-2 spikelets; empty
glumes adnate the lower half, the slightly winged keel short ciliate.
Annual." Koch., Taschenb. d. Deutsch. & Schw. PI. Awn arising
near the base of the flowering glume and twice its length.

ARISTIDA, L.

A. dichotoma, Michx. POVERTY GRASS.

Maiden, Winchester, Newton, et al. Not uncommon.
A. gracilis, Ell.

Lowell and Winchester (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Waltham List; Concord

(E. S. Hoar) ; Medford (Wm. Boott).
A. purpurascens, Poir.

Medford, Concord, Framingham, Waltham, et al. Not common.

126 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

STIPA, L.

S. avenacea, L. BLACK OAT GRASS.

Medford (Wm. Boott) ; Maiden (R. Frohock) ; Wakefield (F. S.
Collins). Scarce.

ORYZOPSIS, Michx. MOUNTAIN RICE.

O. melanocarpa, Muhl.

Melrose (Wm. Boott; specimen in herb. of). Rare.
O. asperifolia, Michx.

Melrose (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Winchester (Wm. Boott) ; Wilmington

(F. S. Collins). Scarce.
O. Canadensis, Torr.

Chelmsford, Woburn, Concord, Sudbury, et al. Not common.

MUHLENBERGIA, Schreb. DROP-SEED GRASS.

M. sobolifera, Trin.

Medford and Winchester ( Wm. Boott ; specimen in herb, of) ;

Waltham (B. D. Greene). Not common.
M. glomerata, Trin.

Woburn and Bedford (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Concord (E. S. Hoar) ;

Tewksbury and Belmont (Wm. Boott). Not common.
M. Mexicana, Trin.

Rather common.
M, sylvatica, Torr. & Gray.

Maiden, Arlington, Tewksbury, Dracut, et al.
M. Willdenovii, Trin.

Lowell, Tewksbury, Dracut (Dr. C. W. Swan); Melrose, rare (H.

A. Young) ; Waltham List; Newton (Wm. Boott).

BRACHYELYTRUM, Beauv.

B. aristatum, Beauv.
Ashby, Lowell, Framingham, Concord, et al. Not uncommon.

PHLEUM, L.

P. PRATENSE, L. TIMOTHY. HERDS' GRASS.
Common. Nat. from Eu.

SPOROBOLUS, R. Br.

S. cryptandrus, Gray.

Lowell and Dracut (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Winchester (C. E. Perkins).

Scarce.
S. serotinus, Gray.

Common in low meadows.
S. asper, Kunth. (Vilfa aspera, Beauv., Man.)

Somerville (C. E. Perkins) ; Medford (F. S. Collins).

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 127

S. vaginaeflorus, Vasey. (Vilfa vaginaeflora, Torr., Man.)
Not uncommon.

AGROSTIS, L.

A. perennans, Tuck. THIN GRASS.

Lowell and Hopkinton (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Maiden (K. Frohock) ;

Winchester (C. E. Perkins) ; Concord (E. S. Hoar).
A. scabra, Willd. HAIR GRASS.

Common.
A. canina, L. BROWN BENT GRASS.

Medford (Miss A. M. Symmes) ; Woburn (Wm. Boott) ; Concord

(E. S. Hoar). Not common.
A. ALBA, L. WHITE BENT GRASS.

Common. Naturalized here, but native farther north and west.
A. ALBA, L., var. VULGARIS, Thurb. (A. vulgaris, With., Man.) RED-
TOP.

Common. Nat. here, like the type.

POLYPOGON, Desf.
P. Monspeliensis, Desf. BEARD GRASS.

Lowell, Billerica and Dracut (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; N. Chelmsford

(Rev. W. P. Alcott) ; near woollen mills. Adv. from Eu.

ClNNA, L.

C. arundinacea, L. WOOD REED GRASS.
Concord, Westford, Arlington, et al. Occasional.

C. pendula, Trin. (G. arundinacea, L., var. pendula, Gray, Man.)
Ashby (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Waltham List.

GASTRIDIUM, Beauv.
G. australe, Beauv.

Lowell and Billerica, in wool waste (Dr. C. W. Swan). Native of
Eu., but probably adv. here from Cal., where it is naturalized.
"Panicle contracted into a somewhat loose, tapering spike,
spikelets 1-flowered. Glumes with an enlarged, ventricose, shining
base, very acute above, obscurely keeled, the lower longer. Floret
less than one-fourth the length of the lower glume, having a very
short callus, which is clothed with minute hairs. Lower palet very
thin, truncate and dentate at apex, just below which is a very
slender awn, equalling or exceeding the glumes (or sometimes
absent) ; upper palet equalling the lower. Scales two, linear, as
long as the ovary." Bot. Cal.

DEYEUXIA, Clarion.

D. Canadensis, Hook. (Calamagrostis Canadensis, Beauv., Man.)
BLUE JOINT GRASS.

Common.

128 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

D. Nuttalliana, Vasey. (Calamagrostis Nuttalliana, Steud.,Man.)
Frequent.

DESCHAMPSIA, Beauv.

D. flexuosa, Griseb. (Aira flexuosa, L., Man.) HAIR GRASS.

Frequent.
D. ceespitosa, Beauv. (Aira caespitosa, L., Man.) TUFTED HAIR

GRASS.

Lowell and Chelmsf ord (Dr. C. W. Swan) .

HOLCUS, L.

H. LANATUS, L. VELVET GRASS.
Rather common. Nat. from Eu.

AVENA, L.

A. striata, Michx. PURPLE WILD OAT.

Concord (E. S. Hoar; specimen in herb. of).
A. sativa, L. COMMON OAT.

Frequently escaped by roadsides and in waste places. Adv. from

Eu.

ARRHENATHERUM, Beauv.

A. AVENACEUM, Beauv. TALL OAT GRASS.

Concord (E. S. Hoar); Waltham List; Medford (L. L. Dame).
Nat. from Eu.

DANTHONIA, DC.

D. spicata, Beauv. WILD OAT GRASS.
Common.

D. compressa, Austin. MOUNTAIN OAT GRASS.
Not uncommon.

" Differs from D. spicata in forming a compact sod, by having
more numerous and larger leaves, by a larger, longer and spreading
panicle, and by the longer, more slender awn-pointed teeth of the
flowering glumes." Vasey, Ag. Grasses of the U. S.

ELEUSINE, Gaertn.

E. Indica, Gaertn. DOG'S TAIL GRASS. WIRE GRASS.

Lowell, "dumps" (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Maiden, near mill (F. S.
Collins). Here probably adventive from the South, where it is
naturalized from India.

LEPTOCHLOA, Beauv.

L. mucronata, Kunth.

Lowell "dumps" (Dr. C. W. Swan); Maiden, Goulding's Mill (F.
S. Collins). Adv. from the West.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 129

DIPLACHNE, Beauv.

D. imbricata, Scribn.

Billerica, near woollen mills (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv. from the
West.

"Habit somewhat that of D. fascicularis, but the spikes are much
narrower, the spikelets being smaller, closely appressed and over-
lapping. In the shape of the lower palet they are very distinct ;
in place of the acute teeth and manifest awn of the other, the teeth
in this are minute and blunt, and the midnerve produced only as a
mere point." Bot. Cal.

TRIPLASIS, Beauv.

T. purpurea, Chapm. (Tricuspis purpurea, Gray, Man.) SAND
GRASS.

Winchester (C. E. Perkins).

PHRAGMITES, Trin.

P. communis, Trin. KEED.

Belmont (C. E. Perkins) ; Cambridge (Bigelow's PI. Bost.) ; Con-
cord (E. S. Hoar). Not common.

EATONIA, Eaf.

E. Obtusata, Gray.

Concord (E. S. Hoar; specimen in herb, of) ; Watertown (Bigelow's
Fl. Bost., under Aira truncata, Muhl.)
E. Pennsylvanica, Gray.

Medford and Maiden (Wm. Boott; specimen in herb, of) ; Concord
(E. S. Hoar). Not common.

ERAGROSTIS, Beauv.

E. major, Host. (E. poseoides, Beauv., var. megastachya, Gray,

Man.)

Lowell, " dumps " (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Maiden (H. A. Young) ;

Cambridge (P. S. Collins). Nat. from Eu. in some parts of the

U. S., but adv. in the county.
E. minor, Host. (E. poaeoides, Beauv., Man.)

Lowell, "dumps; " Westford, woollen mill yard (Dr. C. W. Swan).

Introduced with the preceding.
E. pilosa, Beauv.

Lowell, " dump " (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Medford (Wm. Boott). Adv.

from Eu.
E. PursMi, Schrad.

Lowell, near cotton waste (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv. from the South.
E. capillaris, Nees.

Not uncommon.

130 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

E. pectinacea, Gray.

Beading (R. Frohock) ; Medford (Miss A. M. Symmes) ; Waltham

List; Concord (E. S. Hoar).
E. pectinacea, Gray, var. spectabilis, Gray.

Not uncommon.

DISTICHLYS, Raf.

D. maritima, Raf. (Brizopyrum spicatum, Hook., Man.) SPIKE
GRASS. Salt marshes ; common.

DACTYLIS, L.

D. GLOMERATA, L. ORCHARD GRASS.

Common, cultivated and spontaneous. Nat. from Eu. A variety
with downy spikelets at Medford (Wm. Boott).

BRIZA, L.

B. MEDIA, L. QUAKING GRASS.

Concord (E. S. Hoar; specimen in herb, of) ; Maiden, Melrose and
Medford (H. A. Young). Scarce. Nat. from Eu.

POA, L.

P. annua, L. Low SPEAR GRASS.

Common.
P. compressa, L. WIRE GRASS.

Common.
P. serotina, Ehrh. FALSE RED-TOP. FOWL MEADOW GRASS.

Common.
P. pratensis, L. MEADOW GRASS. KENTUCKY BLUE GRASS.

Very common.

P. TRIVIALIS, L. ROUGHISH MEADOW GRASS.

Medford and Tewksbury (Wm. Boott); Concord (E. S. Hoar).
Specimen in the Boott Herb. Nat. from Eu.
P. alsodes, Gray.

Cambridge (Walter Deane) ; Maiden and Newton (Wm. Boott) ;
Medford (C. E. Perkins). Not common.

GLYCERIA, R. Br.

G. Canadensis, Trin. RATTLESNAKE GRASS.

Common.
G. Obtusa, Trin.

Common.
G. nervata, Trin. FOWL MEADOW GRASS (in part).

Common.
G. pallida, Trin.

Tewksbury, Waltham, Stoneham, et al. Not very common.

MIDDLESEX FLOKA. 131

G. arundinacea, Kunth. (G. aquatica, Smith, Man.) REED

MEADOW GRASS.

Somerville (C. E. Perkins); Medford (Miss A. M. Symmes) ;

Waltham List.
G. fluitans, R. Br.

Maiden, Cambridge, Concord, et al. Not uncommon.
G. acutiflora, Torr.

Medford (Wm. Boott) ; Maiden (C. E. Perkins) ; Cambridge (Dr.

C. W. Swan) ; Waltham List; Concord (E. S. Hoar).
G. maritima, Wahl. SEA SPEAR GRASS.

Cambridge (Bigelow's Fl. Bost.) ; Maiden (H. A. Young) ; Somer-
ville (C. E. Perkins).
G. distans, Wahl.

Somerville (C. E. Perkins) ; Maiden (Wm. Boott).

FESTUCA, L.

F. Myurus, L.

N. Chelmsford, wool waste (Rev. W. P. Alcott) ; Billerica, wool
waste (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv. from Eu.

F. tenella, Willd.
Medford, Chelmsf ord, Winchester, et al. Not common.

F. OVINA, L. SHEEP'S FESCUE.
Medford (C. E. Perkins).

F. OVINA, L., var. GLAUCA.

Reading, introduced and becoming common (W. H. Manning).
Nat. from Eu. Leaves thicker and bluish-green.

F. DURIUSCULA, L. (F. ovina, L., var. duriuscula, Gray, Man.)
Not uncommon.

F. RTJBRA, L. ? (F. ovina, L., var rubra, Gray, Man.)
There are in the county certain forms with short running root-
stocks which ought probably to be referred to this species.

F. varia, Haenk., \ar.flavescens. (F. flavescens, Bellard).
Chelmsford, July 3, 1883 (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv. from Eu.
" Panicle narrow, contracted, except during anthesis ; its branches
single or in pairs ; spikelets5-8 flowered; flowering glume obscurely
5-nerved, gradually tapering above the middle, short-awned or awn-
less ; ovary bearded at the top ; leaves involute, thread-form,
roundish; ligule oblong; roots fibrous, without runners. Leaves
grass- or bluish-green. S pikelets variegated with white, green
and purple ; ligules either obtuse or acute ; var. flavescens : spike-
lets pale and much less variegated." Koch, Taschenb. d. Deutsch.
& Schw. Fl. Might be taken for a form of F. rubra, L.

F. ELATIOR, L.

Reading (W. H. Manning) ; et al.

132 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

F. ELATIOR, L., var. GENTJINA, Hack.
Maiden (F. S. Collins).

F. ELATIOR, L., subsp. PRATENSIS, Hack. (F. pratensis, Huds.)
Maiden, Medf ord, et al.

These, in one form or another, are common, introduced and culti-
vated grasses. Nat. from Eu.

F. nutans, Willd.
Melrose (H. A. Young). Bare.

BROMUS, L.

B. SECALINUS, L. CHEAT. CHESS.
Not uncommon. Nat. from Eu.

B. racemosus, L. UPRIGHT CHESS.

Melrose (R. Frohock) ; Maiden (F. S. Collins) ; Cambridge (Walter
Deane). In cultivated grounds, etc. Adv. from Eu.

B. mollis, L. SOFT CHESS.

Billerica (Dr. C. W. Swan); Maiden (F. S. Collins). Adv. from
Eu.

B. Kalmii, Gray. WILD CHESS.
Medf ord (C. E. Perkins) ; Waltham List; Concord (E. S. Hoar).

B. ciliatus, L.
Frequent.

B. rubens, L.

Billerica, in wool waste (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv. in wool from
Cal. A native of Eu.

" Culms densely tufted, 6 to 9 inches high, and, with the narrowly
linear leaves and sheaths, pale green and densely soft-pubescent ;
panicle ovate, 2 to 3 in. long, with very short, erect branches, thickened
upwards and rough pubescent; spikelets about 6-flowered, an inch
long:, including awns, more or less purplish; upper glume one-
third the longer, and about one-fourth shorter than its floret ; lower
palet, like the glumes, rather coarsely pubescent, 7 lines long and
7-nerved, the intermediate nerves less distinct, terminating in two
very acute hyaline teeth nearly two lines long, the awn rather
longer than the palet ; upper palet with long weak hairs ; root fibres
pubescent.'' Bot. Cal.

B. TECTORUM, L.

Rather common, especially near railroads, in the eastern part of
the county. Nat. from Eu.

B. sterilis, L.

Winchester (C. E. Perkins) ; Billerica, with wool waste from Cal.
(Dr. C. W. Swan); Medf ord (Miss A. M. Symmes). Adv. from
Eu.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 133

J?. maximus, Desf.

Medford (C. E. Perkins). Adv. from Eu.

"The spikelets in the three last preceding species are broader
upwards and bear long, straight, very conspicuous awns. Maximus
has a very simple, erect panicle with few large spikelets on short,
stoutish, often undivided branches ; sterilis is similar, but with much
smaller spikelets and more slender, longer branches, becoming
recurved ; tectorum has numerous still smaller and proportionately
narrower spikelets, on rather short, filiform, drooping and often
secund branches, and foliage velvety pubescent." Dr. C. W. Swan.

LOLIUM, L.

L. perenne, L. DARNEL. RAY GRASS. RYE GRASS.
Maiden and Melrose (H. A. Young; specimen in herb. of). Occa-
sional in lawns, etc. Adv. from Eu.

L. temulentum, L.
Lowell, " dump " (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv. from Eu.

AGROPYRUM, Gsertn.

A. repens, Beauv. (Triticum repens, L., Man.) COUCH GRASS.

QUITCH GRASS. QUICK GRASS.

Common and variable.
A. repens, Beauv., var. ? (Triticum repens, L., var. nemorale,

Anderson, Man.)

Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan; specimen in herb. of).
A. caninum, Roem. & Schult. (Triticum caninum, L., Man.)

AWNED WHEAT GRASS.

Concord (E. S. Hoar; specimen in herb. of).

SECALE, L.
8. cereale, L. RYE.

Lowell, u dumps " (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Somerville and Maiden (F. S.
Collins). Occasionally escaped or spontaneous. Adv. from Eu.

TRITICUM, L.

T. sativum, Lam., (extended). (T. vulgare, Vill., in part). WHEAT.
Occasionally spontaneous by roadsides, etc. The awned form,
T. sativum vulgare (T. aestivum, L.), the awnless. T. sativum vul-
gare muticum, (T. hibernum, L.) have both been found. Adv.
from Eu.

HORDEUM, L.

H. jubatum, L. SQUIRREL-TAIL GRASS.
Maiden (H. A. Young) ; Cambridge (F. S. Collins).

134 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

H. maritimum, With.

Billerica, in wool waste (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv. from Eu.
"Lateral flowers male or neutral; spikelets all awned; glumes
rough, the inner ones of the lateral spikelets half-lanceolate and
slightly winged, the remainder setaceous. Annual." Koch,
Taschenb. d. Deutsch. & Schw. Fl.

H. murinum, L. WAY BENT. WALL BARLEY.

Lowell, Billerica and Dracut, in wool waste (Dr. C. W. Swan; ;
N. Chelmsford, in wool waste (Rev. W. P. Alcott). Adv. from Eu.
" Annual, with stems 1 to 2 feet high, smooth leaves and inflated
sheaths : spike 2 to 3 in. long, inclined, compressed, usually included
at base by the upper sheath ; spikelets, including awns, 2 in. long :
glumes of the middle spikelet lanceolate, long-awned, and con-
spicuously ciliate on the margins ; outer glume of the lateral spike-
let setaceous, the other similar to those of the central one : lateral
florets longer than the central, attenuate into a long awn, scabrous
above, and the inner surface covered with long, weak hairs : palet
of perfect floret flattened, scabrous above, its awn about three
times as long and flattened below." Bot. Cal.

ELYMUS, L. LYME GLASS. WILD EYE.

E. Virginicus, L.

Lowell, Melrose, Watertown, et al. Not uncommon.

E. Canadensis, L.
Not uncommon.

E. Canadensis, L., var. glaucifolius, Gray.
Merrimack Eiver, Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan).

E. striatus, Willd.

Lowell (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Melrose (H. A. Young). Not com-
mon.

ASPRELLA, Willd.

A. Hystrix, Willd. (Gymnostichum Hystrix, Schreb., Man.)
BOTTLE-BRUSH GRASS.
Dunstable, Concord, Melrose, et al. Not very common.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 135

CRYPTOGAM I A.

EQUISETACE/*E. HORSETAIL FAMILY.

EQUISETUM, L.

E. arvense, L. COMMON HORSETAIL.

Abundant. The var. serotinum, Meyer, has been found at

Framingham (Miss J. W. Williams).
E. sylvaticum, L.

Frequent.
E. limosum, L.

Not very common.
E. hyemale, L. SCOURING-RUSH. SHAVE-GRASS.

Not very common.

FILICES. FERNS.

POLYPODIUM, L.

P. vulgare, L. POLYPODY.
Common.

PTERIS, L.

P. aquilina, L. BRAKE.
Common.

ADIANTUM, L.

A. pedatum, L. MAIDENHAIR.
Generally distributed, but not abundant.

WOODWARDIA, Smith. CHAIN FERN.

W. angustifolia, Smith.

Medford, one small station (R. Frohock).
W. Virginica, Smith.

Maiden, Medford, Chelmsford, Ashby, et al. Not very common.
ASPLENIUM, L. SPLEENWORT.

A. Trichomanes, L.

Once rather common, but becoming rare in the neighborhood of
large towns.

136 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

A. ebeneum, Ait.

Not uncommon. "Var. serratum, Gray, . . . Maiden, Nov.,

1872." G. E. Davenport, in Catalogue of the Davenport Herbarium.
A. thelypteroides, Michx.

Medford (L. L. Dame) ; Melrose (F. S. Collins) ; Dracut (Dr. C.

W. Swan) ; Groton (C. W. Jenks). Not common.
A. Filix-foemina, Bernh. LADY FERN.

Common and variable ; the only form seemingly worthy a special

recognition being the following.
A. Filix-foemina, Bernh., var. Michauxii, Mett. (var. angustum,

Eaton).

Medford and Sudbury (G. E. Davenport) ; Maiden (F. W. Morandi).

PHEGOPTERIS, Fee. BEECH FERN.
P. polypodioides, F6e.

Maiden and Melrose (F. S. Collins) ; Medford and Ashby (L. L.

Dame); Waltham List; Somerville (E. H. Hitchings). Not

common.
P. hexagonoptera, F6e.

Medford (G. E. Davenport) ; Maiden and Melrose (F. S. Collins) ;

Groton (C. W. Jenks). Not common.
P. Dryopteris, F6e.

Arlington Heights (Wm. Boott) ; Melrose (F. W. Morandi). Very

rare.

ASPIDIUM, Swartz. SHIELD FERN. WOOD FERN.

A. Noveboracense, Swartz.

Common.
A. Thelypteris, Swartz.

Common.
A. cristatum, Swartz.

Rather common.
A. cristatum, Swartz., var. Clintonianum, Eaton.

Maiden (F. W. Morandi) ; Arlington (Mrs. P. D. Richards).
A. marginale, Swartz.

Common.
A. spinulosum, Swartz.

Rather common.
A. spinulosum, Swartz., var. intermedium, Eaton.

Ashby (L. L. Dame) ; Newton and Maiden (G. E. Davenport) ;

Billerica (Dr. C. W. Swan). Not quite so common as the type.
A. spinulosum, Swartz., var. dilatatum, Horneman.

Groton (C. W. Jenks) ; Maiden and Melrose (F. S. Collins). This

variety does not in the county assume its most highly developed

form.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 137

A. Boottii, Tuck. (A. spinulosum, var. Boottii, Man.)
Maiden, Medford, Lowell, Ashby/et al. Not very common.

A. acrostichoides, Swartz. CHRISTMAS FERN.
Common. The var. incisum, Gray, at Medford (Mrs. P. D.
Richards).

CYSTOPTERIS, Bernh. BLADDER FERN.

C. fragilis, Bernh.
Not uncommon.

ONOCLEA, L.

O. sensi bills, L. SENSITIVE FERN.

Very common. The form known as var. obtusilobata is

occasionally found.
O. Struthiopteris, Hoffm. (Struthiopteris Germanica, Willd.,

Man.) OSTRICH FERN.

Maiden (F. W. Morandi) , but now probably extinct in this station ;

Lincoln (G. E. Davenport) ; Bedford (L. L. Dame). Rare.

WOODSIA, R. Br.
W. Ilvensis, R. Br.

Not uncommon.
W. obtusa, To IT.

Maiden and Melrose (F. S. Collins); Medford (L. L. Dame);
Chelmsford (Dr. C. W. Swan). Not very common.

DICKSONIA, L'Her.

D. pilosiuscula, Willd. (D. punctilobula, Kunze, Man.)
Common.

LYGODIUM, Swartz.

L. palmatum, Swartz. CLIMBING FERN.

Concord (G. E. Davenport) ; West Newton (Severance Burrage) ;
Dracut (Dr. C. W. Swan) ; Groton (C. W. Jenks). Rare.

OSMUNDA, L.

O. regalis, L. FLOWERING FERN. ROYAL FERN.

Common.
O. Claytoniana, L.

Common.
O. cinnamomea, L. CINNAMON FERN.

Common. The state called var. frondosa at Newton (F. S.

Plympton); Medford (G. E. Davenport).

OPHIOGLOSSUM, L.

O. vulgatum, L. ADDER'S TONGUE.

Maiden, Melrose and Concord (F. S. Collins) ; Newton (F. S.
Plympton) ; Chelmsford (Dr. C. W. Swan). Not common.

138 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

BOTRYCHIUM, Swartz. MOONWORT.

B. matricariaefolium, A. Br.

Ayer (W. H. Manning) ; Stoneham (L. L. Dame) ; Medford (F. W.

Morandi) . Rare.
B. lanceolatum, Angstrom.

Stoneham (L. L. Dame) ; Groton (C. W. Jenks) ; Sudbury (Minot

Pratt). Very rare.
B. ternatum, Swartz. (B. lunarioides, Man.)

Concord (Davenport Catalogue) ; Newton (F. S. Plympton) ; Med-
ford (G. E. Davenport). Infrequent.
B. ternatum, Swartz., var. obliquum, Milde.

Rather common.
B. ternatum, Swartz., var. dissectum, Milde.

Rather common.
B. Virginianum, Swartz.

Not uncommon.

LYCOPODIACEyE. CLUB-MOSS FAMILY.

LYCOPODIUM, L., Spring.

L. lucidulum, Michx.

Medford (L. L. Dame) ; Heading (R. Frohock) ; Tyngsboro' and

Groton (Dr. C. W. Swan).
L. inundatum, L.

Medford (C. E. Perkins) ; No. Reading (W. H. Manning) ; Tewks-

bury (B. D. Greene).
L. annotinum, L.

Ashby (Dr. C. W. Swan).
L. dendroideum, Michx. GROUND PINE.

Common. The var. obscurum, Gray, at Medford (G. E. Daven-
port) ; Sudbury (Bigelow's PI. Bost.)
L. clavatum, L. CLUB Moss.

Common.
L. complanatum, L.

Common.

SELAGINELLA, Beauv., Spring.

S. rupestris, Spring.

Stoneham (F. S. Collins) ; Maiden (R. Frohock) ; Groton (C. W.

Jenks) . Probably not uncommon.
S. apus, Spring.

Bedford (C. W. Jenks).

MIDDLESEX FLOKA. 139

ISOETE^E. QUILLWORT FAMILY.

ISOETES, L. QUILLWORT.
I. lacustris, L.

Fresh Pond, Cambridge (Wm. Boott). An unusually southern

station for this species.
I. Tuckermani, A. Br.

Mystic River and Fond (E. Tuckerman), the original station; Horn

Pond, Woburn (Wm. Boott) ; Spy Pond, Arlington (Rev. Thos.

Morong) .
I. echinospora, Durieu, var. Braunii, Engelm.

Not uncommon.
I. echinospora, Durieu, var. Boottii, Engelm.

Round Pond, Woburn, the original station ; Tofit swamp, Lexing-
ton (Wm. Boott).
I. echinospora, Durieu, var. muricata, Engelm.

Woburn Creek and Abajona River, the original locality, not

uncommon (Wm. Boott) ; Bedford (C. W. Jenks) ; So. Natick

(Rev. Thos. Morong) ; Lexington (Wm. Boott).
I. riparia, Engelm.

So. Natick (Rev. Thos. Morong).
I. Engelmanni, A. Br.

Arlington Brook; Alewife Brook, Woburn (Wm. Boott).

MARSILIACE/E. WATER-FERN FAMILY.
MARSILIA, L.

M. QUADRIFOLIA, L.

Concord, Bedford, Belmont, Cambridge, et al. Int. and nat. from
farther south.

BRYOPHYTKS.

MUSCI. MOSSES.

The following list is founded principally on the collections of
Mr. H. A. Young, Mrs. S. E. French, Miss C. E. Cummings and
Messrs. Edwin and Charles E. Faxon, with additional species from
the published lists of Mr. T. P. James and Rev. J. L. Russell.

140 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

Besides furnishing species not otherwise represented, and new
localities for other species, Miss Cutnmings has revised the lists of
Musci and Hepaticae, which otherwise would have been much more
incomplete.

EPHEMERUM, Hampe.

E. serratum, Hampe, var. angustifolium, Schimp.
Cambridge (T. P. James; Lesq. & James, Man.)

PHYSCOMITRELLA, Schimp.

P. patens, Schimp.
Chelmsford (Rev. J. L. Russell).

BRUCHIA, Schwaegr.

B. flexuosa, Muell.?

Cambridge (T. P. James) ; if this is the plant mentioned in the
Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., Vol. XIII., under the name of B. flexuosa,
Schwaegr., var. nigrescens.

WEISIA, Hedw.
W. viridula, Brid.

Very common.
W. viridula, Brid., var. gymnostomoides, Muell.

Cambridge (T. P. James) in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., Vol. XIII. , as

Hymenostomum microstomum, R. Br.

DICRANELLA, Schimp.

D. varia, Schimp. ?

Chelmsford (Rev. J. L. Russell) ; as Dicranum varium, Hedw.

Possibly there may have been a mistake in this determination.
D. heteromalla, Schimp.

Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).

DICRANUM, Hedw.

D. viride, Schimp.

Newton (C. E. Faxon).
D. flagellare, Hedw.

Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).
D. fulvum, Hook.

Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).
D. longifolium, Hedw.

Prospect Hill, Waltham (Rev. J. L. Russell).
D. scoparium, Hedw.

Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French) ; Natick, common (Miss C. E. Cum-

mings) .

MIDDLESEX FLOKA. 141

D. scoparium, Hedw., var. pallidum, Lesq. & James.

Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).
D. spurium, Hedw.

Newton (C. E. Faxon).
D. Drummondii, Muell.

Woburn (Edwin Faxon).
D. undulatum, Turn.

Chelmsford (Rev. J. L. Russell) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French) ;

Woburn (Edwin Faxon) .

FISSIDENS, Hedw.

F. exiguus, Sulliv.

Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).
F. osmundioides, Hedw.

Melrose (H. A. Young.)
F. adianto.ides, Hedw.

Chelmsford (Rev. J. L. Russell) ; Melrose (H. A. Young) ; Waltham

(Mrs. S. E. French).
F. adiantoides, Hedw., var immarginatus, Lindb.

Natick (Miss C. E. Cummings).

LEUCOBRYUM, Hampe.

L. vulgare, Hampe.

Common.
L. minus, Sulliv.

Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).

CERATODON, Brid.

C. purpureus, Brid.
Common.

POTTIA, Ehrh.

P. cavifolia, Ehrh. ?

Chelmsford (Rev. J. L. Russell), under the name of Gymnostomum
ovatum, Hedw. There may be a mistake here, as the localities
given for this species in Lesq. & James Man. are from the Rocky
Mountains westward.

P. truncata, Fuern.

Chelmsford (Rev. J. L. Russell), as Gymnostomum truncatulum,
Hampe; also found at the Botanic Garden, Cambridge, perhaps
introduced (A. B. Seymour).

LEPTOTRICHUM, Hampe.
L. tortile, Muell.
Common.

142 MIDDLESEX FLOKA.

L. vaginans, Lesq. & James.

Waltham and Maynard (Mrs. S. E. French).
L. pallidum, Hampe.

Common.

BARBULA, Hedw.

B. unguiculata, Hedw.

Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).

B. ceespitosa, Schwaegr.

Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French) ; Hopkinton (H. A. Young).

GRIMMIA, Ehrh.
G. conferta, Funck.

Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).
G. apocarpa, Hedw.

Maiden (H. A. Young) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).
G. Olneyi, Sulliv.

Lexington (Edwin Faxon).
G. Pennsylvanica, Schwaegr.

Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).

RACOMITRIUM, Brid.

R. Sudeticum, Bruch & Schimp.
Maiden and Newton (C. E. Faxon).

• HEDWIGIA, Ehrh.
H. ciliata, Ehrh.

Maiden, Waltham, Natick, et al. Common.

COSCINODON, Spreng.

C. pulvinatus, Spreng.?

Rev. J. L. Russell reports Fissidens pulvinatus, Hedw., which is a
synonym of this species, as abundant on rocks at Chelmsford ; but
there is no other record of its occurence in our limits, where it
would not be expected from its general range.

DRUMMONDIA, Hook.

D. clavellata, Hook.

Waltham, on trees (Rev. J. L. Russell).

ULOTA, Mohr.
U. crispula, Brid.

Natick (Miss C. E. Cummings).
U. Hutchinsiae, Schimp.
Generally distributed.

ORTHOTRICHUM, Hedw.

O. sordidum, Sulliv. & Lesq.
Natick (MissC. E. Cummings).

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 143

O. strangulatum, Beauv.

Maiden (H. A. Young) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French) ; Natick

(Miss C. E. Cummings).
O. psilocarpum, James.

Cambridge (T. P. James) in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., Vol. XIII., as

O. pusillura, Bruch & Schimp.
O. leiocarpum, Bruch & Schimp.

Cambridge (T. P. James) in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., Vol. XIII.
O. obtusifolium, Schrad.

Townsend (Miss H. E. Haynes) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).

TETRAPHIS, Hedw.
T. pellucida, Hedw.
Common.

APHANORHEGMA, Sulliv.

A. serratum, Sulliv.

Chelmsford (Rev. J. L. Russell), as Schistidium serratum, Wils. ;
growing with Phascum patens.

PHYSCOMITRIUM, Brid.

P. pyriforme, Brid.
Maiden (H. A. Young).

FUNARIA, Schreb.

F. hygrometrica, Sibth.
Common.

BARTRAMIA, Hedw.

B. pomiformis, Hedw.
Frequent.

PHILONOTIS, Brid.
P. fontana, Brid.

Melrose (H. A. Young) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French) ; Natick
(Miss C. E. Cummings).

LEPTOBRYUM, Schimp.

L. pyriforme, Schimp.
Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).

WEBERA, Hedw.

W. nutans, Hedw.
Maiden (H. A. Young) .

BRYUM, Dill.

B. intermedium, Brid.
Maiden (H. A. Young) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).

144 MIDDLESEX FLOKA.

B. bimum, Schreb.

Melrose (H. A. Young) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French) ; Natick

(Miss C. E. Cummings).
B. argenteum, L.

Same localities as the preceding.
B. csespiticium, L.

Common.
B. capillarfe, L.

Prospect Hill, Waltham (Rev. J. L. Russell).
B. pseudotriquetrum, Schwaegr.

Cascade Rocks, Melrose (H. A. Young).
B. roseum, Schreb.

Tewksbury, Maiden, Natick, et al.

MNIUM, L.

M. cuspidatum,Hedw.

Common.
M. affine, Bland.

Common.
M. hornum, L.

Tewksbury (B. D. Greene) ; Maiden (H. A. Young). Rare.
M. serratum, Laich.

Prospect Hill, Waltham (Rev. J. L. Russell), as Bryum margin-

atum, Dick.
M. stellare, Reichard.

Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).
M. cinclidioides, Hueben.

Maiden (H. A. Young).

AULACOMNION, Schwaegr.

A. androgynum, Schwaegr.

Chelmsford (Rev. J. L. Russell) ; Newton (C. E. Faxon).
A. palustre, Schwaegr.

Common.
A. heterostichum, Bruch & Schimp.

Melrose (H. A. Young) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French) ; Natick

(Miss C. E. Cummings).

ATRICHUM, Beauv.

A. undulatum, Beauv.

Maiden, Melrose, Chelmsford, et al.
A. angustatum, Bruch & Schimp.

Common.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 145

POGONATUM, Beauv.

P. brevicaule, Beauv.

Chelmsford (Rev. J. L. Russell), as Polytrichum Pennsylvanicum,

Hed\v.

POLYTRICHUM, L.
P. formosum, Hedw.

Maiden (H. A. Young) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).
P. piliferum, Schreb.

Common.
P. juniperinum, Willd.

Common.
P. commune, L.

Common.

DIPHYSCIUM, Mohr.

D. foliosum, Mohr.
Common.

BUXBAUMIA, Hall.

B. aphylla, L.

Cascade rocks, Melrose (H. A. Young) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E.
French).

FONTINALIS, Dill.

F. antipyretica, L., var. gigantea, Sulliv.
Common.

DICHELYMA, Myrin.

D. capillaceum, Bruch & Schimp.

No. Billerica (H. A. Young) ; Cambridge (T. P. James) ; Walthain
(Mrs. S. E. French) ; Natick (Miss C. E. Cummings).

D. pallescens, Bruch & Schimp.
Natick (Miss C. E. Cummings).

D. subulatum, Myrin.?

Rev. J. L. Russell reports Fontinalis subulata, Beauv., which is a
synonym of this species, as occurring at Chelmsford, "hanging on
bushes, principally Cephalanthus occidentalis, L., in partially
dessicated mill-ponds, and full of fruit in Nov." It is probable that
there is some mistake in the determination.

LEPTODON, Mohr.

L. trichomitrion, Mohr.

Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).

NECKERA, Hedw.

N. pennata, Hedw.
Melrose (H. A. Young) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).

10

146 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

N. complanata, Hueben.
Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).

LEUCODON, Schwaegr.

L. brachypus, Brid.
Tewksbury (B. D. Greene).

PTERIGYNANDRUM, Hedw.

P. filiforme, Hedw.
Newton (C. E. Faxon).

THELIA, Sulliv.

T. hirtella, Sulliv.

Common.
T. asprella, Sulliv.

Common.

ANOMODON, Hook. & Tayl.

A. rostratus, Schimp.

Wilmington (H. A. Young) ; Natick (Miss C. E. Cummings) .
A. attenuatus, Hueben.

Chelmsford (Rev. J. L. Russell) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).
A. obtusifolius, Bruch & Schimp.

Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).

PYLAISIA, Bruch & Schimp.

P. intricata, Bruch & Schimp.

Chelmsford (Rev. J. L. Russell) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French) ;
Hopkinton (H. A. Young).

CYLINDROTHECIUM, Bruch & Schimp.

C. cladorrhizans, Schimp.

Chelmsford (Rev. J. L. Russell) ; Maiden and N. Billerica (H. A.

Young) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French) ; Newton (C. E. Faxon).
C. seductrix, Sulliv.

Chelmsford (Rev. J. L. Russell) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French) ;

Hopkinton (H. A. Young).

CLIMACIUM, Web. & Mohr.

C. Americanum, Brid.
Common.

HYPNUM, Dill.

H. scitum, Beauv.
Maiden (H. A. Young).

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 147

H. delicatulum, L.

Natick (Miss C. E. Cummings). H. tamariscinum, Hedw., reported

from Townsend (Miss H. E. Haynes) ; Maiden (H. A. Young) ;

Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French) ; probably belongs here ; also H.

proliferum, L., reported from Chelmsford (Rev. J. L. Russell).

Lesq. and James, Man. of Mosses of N. A., p. 326, say: "The true

H. tamariscinum has not been found in North America, or is here

very rare, and the specimens distributed under this name in Sulliv.

Muse. Allegh., and Sulliv. & Lesq., Muse. Bor.-Am. Exsicc., and

in Austin's Muse. Appal., represent mostly H. delicatulum, while

those distributed as H. delicatulum mostly represent H. recognitum."
H. paludosum, Sulliv.

Maiden (H. A. Young).
H. leetum, Brid.

Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).
H. laetum, Brid., var. dentatum, Lesq. & James.

Maiden (H. A. Young).
H. acuminatum, Beauv.

N. Billedca (H. A. Young).
H. salebrosum, Hoffm.

Common.
H. velutinum, L.

N. Billerica and Hopkinton (H. A. Young).
H. rutabulum, L.

Maiden (H. A. Young) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).
H. Novae-Angliae, Sulliv. & Lesq.

N. Billerica and Wilmington (H. A. Young) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E.

French).
H. populeum, Hedw.

Maiden and Melrose (H. A. Young) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).
H. plumosum, Swartz.

Melrose (H. A. Young) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).
H. Boscii, Schwaegr.

Maiden and Melrose (H. A. Young) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).
H. serrulatum, Hedw.

Natick (Miss C. E. Cummings) ; Maiden and Hopkinton (H. A.

Young) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French) ; Chelmsford (Rev. J. L.

Russell) .
H. rusciforme, Weis.

Townsend (Miss H. E. Haynes) ; Melrose (H. A. Young).
H. Alleghaniense, Muell.

Melrose (C. E. Faxon and H. A. Young).
H. denticulatum, L.

Common.

148 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

H. sylvaticum, Huds.

Maiden (H. A. Young).
H. Muhlenbeckii, Spruce.

Maiden, common (H. A. Young) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).
H. serpens, L.

Townsend, Chelmsford, Waltham, et al.
H. orthocladon, Beauv.

Melrose (H. A. Young) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French) ; Xatick

(Miss C. E. Cummings).
H. irrigu-um, Hook. & Wils.

Cambridge, T. P. James, in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., Vol. XIII., as

H. irriguum, B. & S.
H. riparium, L.

Chelmsford (Rev. J. L. Russell) ; Maiden (.H. A. Young).
H. hispidulum, Brid.

Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).
H. chrysophyllum, Brid.

Maiden (H. A. Young) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).
H. aduncum, Hedw.

Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).
H.fluitans, L.

Chelmsford (Rev. J. L. Russell).
H. crista-castrensis, L.

Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).
H. molluscum, Hedw.

Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).
H. reptile, Michx.

Maiden and N. Billerica (H. A. Young) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E.

French) ; Natick (Miss C. E. Cummings).
H. imponens, Hedw.

N". Billerica (H. A. Young).
H. cupressiforme, L.

Common.
H. Haldanianum, Grev.

Common.
H. cordifolium, Hedw.

Maiden (H. A. Young).
H. Schreberi, Willd.

Frequent.
H. splendens, Hedw.

Townsend, Natick, Maiden, et al. Frequent.
H. triquetrum, L.

Frequent.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 149

SPHAGNACE^E. PEAT MOSSES.

SPHAGNUM, Dill.

S. acutifolium, Ehrh.

Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).
S. acutifolium, Ehrh., var. purpureum, Schimp.

Maiden (H. A. Young).
S. cuspidatum, Ehrh.

Maiden (H. A. Young).
S. squarrosum, Pers.

Tewksbury (B. D. Greene).
S. subsecundum, Nees.

Maiden (H. A. Young).
S. subsecundum, Nees., var. obesum, Schimp.

Maiden (H. A. Young).
S. cymbifolium, Ehrh.

Maiden (H. A. Young) ; Waltham (Mrs. S. E. French).

HEPATICv^E. LIVERWORT FAMILY.

RICCIA, Mich.
R. fluitans, L.
Maiden (H. A. Young).

MARCHANTIA, L.

M. polymorpha, L.
Common.

GRIMALDIA, Raddi.

G. barbifrons, Bisch.
Cascade rocks, Melrose (H. A. Young).

FIMBRIARIA, Nees.

F. tenella, Nees.
Cascade rocks, Melrose (H. A. Young).

PELLIA, Raddi.
P, epiphylla, Kees.
Maiden (H. A. Young).

STEETZIA, Lehm.

S. Lyellii, Lehm.
Long Pond, Melrose (H. A. Young).

150 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

METZGERIA, Raddi.

M. myriopoda, Lindb.
Melrose (H. A. Young).

FRULLANIA, Raddi.

F. Grayana, Mont.

Maiden (F. S. Collins).

MADOTHECA, Dumort.

M. platyphylla, Dumort.
Chelmsford (Rev. J. L. Russell) ; Maiden (H. A. Young).

RADULA, jSTees.

R. complanata, Dumort.
Chelmsford (Rev. J. L. Russell) ; Melrose (H. A. Young).

BLEPHAROZIA, Dumort.

B. ciliaris, Dumort.
Maiden, et al., common (H. A. Young).

BAZZANIA, B. Gr.

B. trilobata, B. Gr.

Chelmsford (Rev. J. L. Russell) ; Maiden (H. A. Young).

LOPHOCOLEA, Nees.

L. bidentata, Dumort.

Chelmsford (Rev. J. L. Russell).
L. heterophylla, Nees.

Melrose (H. A. Young).

SCAPANIA, DUDQOrt.

S. nemorosa, Xees.
Melrose (H. A. Young).

1STARDIA, B. Gr.

N. emarginata, B. Gr.
Melrose (H. A. Young).

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 151

CHARACE^E.

NlTELLA, Ag.

N. capitata, Ag.

Cambridge (A. Braun, Monograph).
N. f lexilis, Ag.

Cambridge (Froebel, in A. Br. Monogr.) ; Melrose and So. Natick

(Rev. Thos. Morong).
N. acuminata, A. Br., subsp. glomulifera, A. Br.

Glacialis, Fresh Pond, Cambridge (W. G. Farlow). The specimen

in Herb. Decaisne from the Merrimack river, collected by Greene,

mentioned by A. Braun in the Monograph, in all probability is from

Middlesex county.
N. mucronata, A. Br., subsp. virgata, A. Br., var. tenuior,

A. Br.

Cambridge (A. Br. Monogr.) The var. robustior, forma longi-

f urea, A. Br. of this subspecies is mentioned in the Monograph

as having been collected in the Merrimack by Greene with the

preceding species.
N. gracilis, Ag.

Melrose (F. S. Collins) ; Spot Pond, Stoneham (Rev. Thos. Morong).
N. tenuissima, Kuetz.

Spot Pond (C. E. Faxon) ; Mystic Pond, Medford (C. E. Perkins) ;

Ashland and So. Natick (Rev. Thos. Morong).
N. polyglochin, A. Br., subsp. megacarpa, A. Br., (N. mega-

carpa, Allen).

Winchester (Rev. Thos. Morong).

CHARA, Leonh.

C. coronata, A. Br.

Cambridge (B. D. Halstead) ; Maiden (F. S. Collins).
C. coronata, A. Br., var. Schweinitzii, A. Br.

Cambridge (Rev. Thos. Morong) ; E. Medford, abundant in slightly

brackish water in clay-pits (F. S. Collins).
C. fragilis, Desv.

Cambridge (C. E. Perkins) ; ISTatick (Rev. Thos. Morong).
C. sejuncta, A. Br.

Spot Pond and Ashland (Rev. Thos. Morong).

152 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

The following list includes both fresh and salt water species ; as to
the latter, it is believed to be reasonably complete for the very
limited "coastline" of Middlesex county. There is no rocky shore
or sandy beach, but only a salt marsh with muddy banks, extending
two or three miles up the Charles and Mystic rivers, so that only a
very limited marine flora is to be expected. Not uncommonly plants
of Laminaria, etc., are left by the tide within our limits, but as they
are undoubtedly brought from a distance, they are not included here.

As regards fresh water algae, those species are given which are
known to have been found in the county, but they are only a small
portion of what would be obtained by a careful observer who could
give sufficient time to the study ; such genera as Spirogyra, Conferva,
Scytonema, and Oedogonium, barely or not at all represented here,
are abundantly found in the county; so are also Desmids and
Diatoms, which have been entirely omitted here, except that a list of
the former has been included, taken from the paper by G. Lagerheim,
"Bidrag till Amerika's Desmidie-Flora." The species in question
were obtained by Lagerheim from specimens of Utricularia, col-
lected at Tewksbury by B. D. Greene, and preserved in Swedish
herbaria.

The fresh and the salt water algae are not given in separate lists, but
the marine and submarine species are designated as such. Where
not otherwise stated, the authority for a locality is F. S. Collins;
and all species are represented by specimens in the Middlesex Insti-
tute herbarium, except those credited to Prof. W. G. Farlow, which
are represented by specimens in his herbarium ; for Prof. Farlow's
kindness in giving access to his very rich collection, and for his
assistance in many difficult questions of determination^ the authors
are greatly indebted.

FLORIDEv^E. RED ALGSE.

POLYSIPHONIA, Grev.

P. nigrescens, Grev.
Medford, in a ditch in the salt marsh. Rare.

GELIDIUM, Lamour.

G. crinale, Ag.

Medford, on stones, etc., in the Mystic river, between tide marks.
Inconspicuous and easily overlooked, but not uncommon.

MIDDLESEX FLOKA. 153

DELESSERIA, Lamour.

D. sinuosa, Lamour.
Mystic river, below low water mark. Rare.

GRACILARIA, Grev.

G. multipartita, Ag., var. angustissima, Harv.
Medford, Everett, et al., in ditches ia salt marshes. Not rare.

HILDENBRANTIA, Nardo.

H. rosea, Kuetz.
On pebbles in Mystic river", between tide marks. Not common.

RHODYMENIA, Grev.

R. palmata, Grev. DULSE.
Mystic river, below low water mark. Not common.

CHONDRUS, Stack.

C. crispus, Stack. IRISH Moss.
Mystic river and salt marshes, common.

CERAMIUM, Lyng.

C. rubrum, Ag.

Mystic river and salt marshes, common.
C. strictum, Harv.
Same locality as the preceding, but less common.

SACHERIA, Sirdt.

S. rigida, Sirdt.?

Melrose, growing in masses on perpendicular rocks in " The Cas-
cade." The determination is not quite certain, as this is one of the
many forms which have heretofore been included in Lemanea toru-
losa, and only recently distinguished by Sirodot.

BATRACHOSPERMUM, Roth.

B. vagum, Ag.

Billerica (Edwin Faxon).
B. moniliforme, Roth.

Not uncommon in running water in spring and early summer.

This genus and the preceding are the only fresh water Floridere yet

found in the county.

PORPHYRA, Ag.

P. laciniata, Ag.

Somerville, on woodwork in Mystic river, between tide marks.

154 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

OOSPOREv^E.

Fucus, L.

F. vesiculosus, L. BLADDERWRACK.
Very common everywhere in salt water.

ASCOPHYLLUM, Stack.

A. nodosum, Stack.

With the preceding, and equally common.

VAUCHERIA, DC.

V. Dillwynii, Grev.

Newton, fresh water (W. G. Farlow).
V. geminata, DC., var. racemosa, Walz.

Maiden, Medford, and Melrose, rather common in fresh water.
V. terrestris, Lyng.

Maiden, fresh water.
V. uncinata, Kuetz.

Newton, fresh water (W. G. Farlow) .
V. Thuretii, Woronin.

Ditches in salt marshes, common.
V. litorea, Nordst.

With the preceding, but not so common, and preferring salt rather

than brackish localities. The sexual fruit is rarely found in these

two species, and as sterile plants of the different species of Vaucheria

are hardly distinguishable from each other, it is not impossible that

we have other marine or submarine species.

BULBOCH^ETE, Ag.

B. rectangularis, Wittr.
Medford, fresh water brook.

PH>£OSPORE>E.

PUNCTARIA, Grev.

P. latifolia, Grev.

Medford, ditches in salt marsh.
P. latifolia, Grev., var. Zosterae, LeJolis.

With the type.

PHYLLITIS, LeJolis.
P. fascia, Kuetz.

Mystic river and salt marshes.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 155

SCYTOSIPHON, Thuret.

S. lomentarius, Ag.

Mystic river and salt marshes.

RALFSIA, Berk.

R. verrucosa, Aresch.

On pebbles, etc., in Mystic river and salt marshes.
R. clavata, Crouan.

Same localities as the last, and rather more common.

LEATHESIA, S. F. Gray.

L. difformis, Aresch.

Ditches in Mystic river salt marshes ; a rather reduced form, and
not very common.

ECTOCARPUS, Lyng.

E. littoralis, Lyng.

Mystic and Charles rivers, on stones and woodwork between tide

marks. Not uncommon.
E. confervoides, Le Jolis.

Medford salt marshes.
E. confervoides, Le Jolis, var. siliculosus, Kjellman.

With the type.

PH^EOSACCION, Farlow.

P. Collinsii, Farlow.

Mystic river, growing on Zostera marina. This species, the only
one of the genus, has been found only along the shore from Boston
to Nahant.

"Fronds olive-brown, tubular, or saccate, composed of a single
layer of cells disposed in fours. Hairs wanting. Reproduction
by zoospores produced singly (?) in each cell. Fronds subgelati-
nous, gregarious, compressed-cylindrical, i inch to 1 inch broad,
about 2 to 8 inches long, at first saccate, becoming cylindrical, apex
at length ruptured. Cells squarish, .0038 to .007mm. broad;
frond .008 to. 01 mm. in thickness." W. G. Farlow in Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club, IX., 65.

CHLOROSPOREyE.

BRYOPSIS, Lamour.
B. plumosa, Ag.

Between tide marks on the muddy banks of Mystic river, not
common.

156 MIDDLESEX FLOKA.

DRAPARNALDIA, Ag.

D. glomerata, Ag.

Everywhere common in fresh water brooks in spring and early-
summer.

STIGEOCLONIUM, Kuetz.

S. tenue, Kuetz.
In running brooks, fresh water, not uncommon.

CH^ETOPHORA, Schrank.

C. endivaefolia, Ag.

In brooks in early spring; rather common and quite variable. All

our species of this genus are fresh water plants.
C. pisiformis, Ag.

Newton (W. G. Farlow) ; Ashby, Medford, and Melrose. Same

localities as the preceding, but less frequent.
C. tuberculosa, Ag.?

Billerica (Edwin Faxon). May possibly be a form of some other

species.

CLADOPHORA, Kuetz.

C. aegagropila, Kuetz.

Lake Quannapowitt, Wakefleld.
C. leetevirens, Harv.

Medford salt marshes.
C. gracilis, Kuetz.

Medford and Everett, in salt water.
C. fracta, Kuetz.

In slightly brackish water, clay pits, Medford.
C. expansa, Kuetz.

Medford and Everett, common in shallow pools in salt marshes.

CHROOLEPUS, Ag.

C. umbrinum, Kuetz.
Newton (W. G. Farlow).

KHIZOCLONIUM, Kuetz.

R. riparium, Harv.

Salt marshes, common.
R. tortuosum, Kuetz.

Medford salt marshes, not common.
R. Kochianum, Kuetz.

Medford salt marshes, in tide pools, mixed with other algae.
R. lacustre, Kuetz.

Newton (W. G. Farlow).

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 157

ULOTHRIX, Thuret.

U. f lacca, Thuret.

Salt marshes, abundant.
U. subtilis, Kuetz.

Newton (W. G. Farlow) ; and elsewhere.

CONFERVA, Link.

C. f loccosa, Ag.

Common in fresh water.
C. globulosa, Kuetz.
Cambridge brick yards (W. G. Farlow) .

ULVA, (L.) Le Jolis.

U. Lactuca, (L.) Le Jolis.

Very common in salt and brackish water.
U. enteromorpha, Le Jolis, var. compresssa, Le Jolis.
U. enteromorpha, Le Jolis, var. intestinalis, Le Jolis.
U. enteromorpha, Le Jolis, var. lanceolata, Le Jolis.

The first two varieties very common, and the last not uncommon,

in salt and brackish water ; all varying much in size and form.
U. clathrata, Ag.

Common in salt water, though not so abundant as the preceding

species. Quite variable, including among other forms the var.

Rothiana, forma prostrata, Le Jolis, at Medford.
U. Hopkirkii, Harv.

Medford salt marshes.

MONOSTROMA, Wlttr.

M. Grevillei, LeJolis.
Mystic river, on pebbles, etc., between tide marks, in early spring.

M. Vahlii, Ag.?

Ditch in Mystic river salt marsh, Medford. The determination is
not absolute, as Prof. J. G. Agardh, to whom specimens were sub-
mitted, says : " Your plant comes very near to, or is quite the same
as a plant from Greenland, which I have described as M. Tahiti."
It does not appear to have been found since the original discovery,
unless this is the same species. In this locality it begins to grow
quite early in the spring, the fronds being of considerable size when
the ice breaks up, which is usually early in March; and by the
middle of April it has entirely disappeared.

" Frond rather large, cylindric-obovate, tubular, noticeably dilated
from the slender stipe, entire, or the apex finally ruptured ; mem-
brane delicate, collapsing, the cells somewhat clathrate in arrange-
ment, the younger angular, separated by thickish walls, appearing

158 MIDDLESEX FLOKA.

somewhat as if arranged in irregular longitudinal lines, the lower
elongate, the upper gradually shorter, when mature roundish and
not in lines." J. G. Agardh, Till Algern. Syst. IV., 109.
M. latissimum, Wittr.

Medford, claypits, etc. Common in summer in somewhat brackish
water. Not before reported from America.

"Frond delicate, of irregular outline, 1-3 dm. in diameter, much
plicate, with entire or undulate margin, lubricous, bright green, in
the upper part .02 to .026 m m. thick ; cells seen from the surface,
without definite arrangement, rather closely set, irregularly 4 or 6
angled, with somewhat rounded corners; in cross section of the
frond oval or almost circular, .014 to .018 mm. long." F. Hauck,
Meeresalgen Deutschlands.

PROTOCOCCACE^E.

VOL vox, Ehren.

V. globator, Ehren.
Maiden, pond in Middlesex Fells (R. Frohock).

PEDIASTRUM, Meyer.

P. Ehrenbergii, A. Br.
Holliston, on walls of B. & A. R. R. tunnel.

OPHIOCYTIUM, Naeg.

0. cochleare, A. Br.
Hudson.

PROTOCOCCUS, Ag.

P, viridis, Ag.
Very common everywhere.

TETKASPORA, Ag.
T. bullosa, Ag.

Maiden.
T. lubrica, Ag.

Maiden, et al. ; common in spring.

PORPHYRIDIUM, Naeg.

P. cruentum, Naeg.
Medford.

GLGEOCYSTIS, Naeg.

G. Paroliniana, Naeg.
Newton (W. G. Farlow).

MIDDLESEX FLOKA. 159

CONJUGATVE.

SPIROGYRA, Link.

S. insignis, Kuetz.

Maiden.
S. insignis, Kuetz., var. Hantzschii, Petit.

With the type.
S. Weberi, Kuetz.?

Maiden. No mature fruit having been found, this determination

is not certain.
S. crassa, Kuetz.

Melrose.

ZYGNEMA, Kuetz.

Z. stellinum, Ag.
Maiden and Melrose.

P. mirabilis, A. Br.
Wakefield, et al.

PLEUROCARPUS, A. Br.

DESMIDIE/E.

The Desmids included in this list were found by Dr. G. Lagerheim
attached to specimens of Utricularia, etc. , collected at Tewksbury by
B. D. Greene. Several of the species have not been found elsewhere.

DESMIDIUM, Ag.

D. aptogonum, Br6b.

D. aptogonum, Br6b., var. acutius, Nordst.

D. graciliceps, Lagerheim, forma major, Lagerheim.

HYALOTHECA, Ehren.

H. dissiliens, Br6b.
H. mucosa, Ehren.

BAMBUSINA, Kuetz.
B. Brebissonii, Kuetz.

SPONDYLOSITJM, Br6b.
S. nitens, Lund.

SPH^EROZOSMA, Corda.
S. excavatum, Ralfs.

160 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

MlCRASTERIAS, Ag.

M. truncata, Breb.

M. truncata, Breb., var. minor, Wolle.

M. depauperata, Nordst.

M. dichotoma, Wolle.

M. muricata, Ealfs. (Euastruin muricatum, Wolle, Desm.)

EUASTRUM, Ralfs.

E. ventricosum, Lund.

E. pinnatum, Ralfs.

E. inerme, Lund.

E. Wollei, Lagerheim (E. intermedium, Wolle, Desm.), var.

quadrigibberum, Lagerheim.
E. compactum, Wolle, var. major, Lagerheim.

COSMARIUM, Ralfs.

C. ornatum, Ralfs.

C. orthostichum, Lund.

C. orthostichum, Lund, var. trigonum, Lagerheim.

C. Lagoense, Nordst.

C. Willei, Lagerheim.

C. Portianum, Arch., var. Brasiliense, Wille.

C. Pardialis, Cohn.

C. quinarium, Lund.

C. quadrifarium, Lund.

C. excavatum, Nordst.

C. subcruciforme, Lagerheim.

C. Wolleanum, Lagerheim (C. pseudogranatum, Wolle, Desm.),

subspec. granuliferum, Lagerheim.
C. taxichondrum, Lund.

C. taxichondrum, Lund, var. bidentulum, Lagerheim.
C. pseudotaxichondrum, Nordst., subspec. trichondrum,

Lagerheim.
C. pseudotaxichondrum, Nordst., var. quadridentulum,

Lagerheim.

C. polymorphum, Nordsfc.
C. oculiferum, Lagerheim.

C. moniliforme, Ralfs, forma elliptica, Lagerheim.
C. Americanum, Lagerheim.
C. pseudopyramidatum, Lund.
C. Cambricum, Cooke & Wills.
C. octogonum, Delp., var. constrictum, Lagerheim.

MIDDLESEX FLOKA. 161

ARTHRODESMUS, Arch.

A. incrassatus, Lagerheim.

A. incrassatus, Lagerheim, var. cycladatus, Lagerheim.

A. quadridens, Wood, var. eequalis, Lagerheim.

A. notochondrus, Lagerheim.

A. Incus, Hass.

A. octocornis, Ehren.

A. minutus, Ralfs.

XANTHIDIUM, Ralfs.

X. armatum, Breb.

X. antilopaeum, Kuetz.

STAURASTRUM, Ralfs.

S. Clepsydra, Nordst.

S. striolatum, Arch., forma trigona.

S« aristiferum, Ralfs, forma trigona.

S. trifidum, Nordst., var. glabrum, Lagerheim.

S. lutecium, Lagerheim.

S. echinatum, Br6b.

S. tricorne, Menegh.

S. Cerastes, Lund, forma tetragona.

S. leptacanthum, Nordst., forma 6 -f- 4— radiata.

S. macrocerum, Wolle.

S. leptocladum, Nordst., var. cornutum, Wille.

S. grallatorium, Nordst., var. forcipigerum, Lagerheim.

S. inconspicuum, Nordst.

S. Brasiliense, Nordst.

TETMEMORUS, Ralfs.

T. granulatus, Ralfs.
T. Brebissonii, Ralfs.

PLEUROT^ENIUM, Naeg.

P. Ehrenbergii, Nordst.

P. Indicum, Lund.

P. constrictum, Lagerheim (Docidium constrictum, Wolle,

Desm.)

P. verticil latum, Rab,
P. gracile, Rab.

DOCIDIUM, Lund.
D. dilatatum, Lund.

11

162 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

PENIUM, De Bar.
P. minutum, Cleve.

P. margaritaceum, Br6b., var. punctulatum, Kalfs.
P. Digitus, Breb.

CLOSTERIUM, Nitzsch.

C. acerosum, Ehren.
C. costatum, Corda.
C. angustatum, Kuetz.
C. juncidum, Ralfs.

NOSTOCACE/E.

CALOTHRIX, Thuret.

C. confervicola, Ag.

Medford and Everett, on Ulva, etc., in salt water.
C. Crustacea, Thuret.
With the preceding.

MASTIGONEMA, Kirchner.

M. aerugineum, Kirchner.
Billerica, on Batrachospermum, (E. Faxon).

RIVULARIA, Roth.

R. radians, Thuret.
Spot Pond, Stoneham.

GLOIOTRICHIA, Ag.
G. pisum, Thuret.
Medlord and Newton (W. G. Farlow).

SCYTONEMA, Ag.

S. ambiguum, Kuetz.

Newton (W. G. Farlow) .
S. Hoffmanni, Ag.

Newton (W. G. Farlow).
S. Guyanense, Mont.

Newton, in a greenhouse, (W. G. Farlow).

TOLTPOTHRIX, Kuetz.

T. /Egagropila, Kuetz.

Spot Pond, Stoneham.
T. truncicola, Thuret.

Newton (W. G. Farlow).

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 163

NOSTOC, Vauch.

N. sphaeroides, Kuetz.

Cambridge (W. G. Farlow).
N. sphaericum, Vauch.

Melrose, on rocks near the Cascade.
N. muscorum, Ag.

Newton (W. G. Farlow).
N. collinum, Kuetz.

Maiden, swamp in Middlesex Fells; Newton (W. G. Farlow).

ANAB^ENA, Bory.

A. Flos-aquae, Kuetz., var. circinalis, Kirchner.

Horn Pond, Woburn (W. G. Farlow).
A. gigantea, Wood.

Framingham (W. G. Farlow).

SPH^EROZYGA, Ag.

S. Carmichaelii, Harv.
Everett, salt marshes; Cambridge (W. G. Farlow).

CYLINDROSPERMUM, Kuetz.

C. majus, Kuetz.

Newton (W. G. Farlow) ; Holliston, on walls of B. & A. R. R.

tunnel, form resembling the C. comatum, Wood.
C. muscicola, Kuetz.

Cambridge (W. G. Farlow).

NODULARIA, Mertens.

N. Harvey ana, Thuret.
Cambridge, salt marshes (W. G. Farlow).

LYNGBYA, Ag.

L. ochracea, Thuret.

Cambridge (W. G. Farlow).
L. aestuarii, Liebm.

Salt marshes, common.
L. luteo-fusca, Ag.

Mystic river salt marshes.
L. Wollei, Farlow.

Horn Pond, Woburn ; Lake Quannapowitt, Wakefield.

MICROCOLEUS, Desmaz.

M. chthonoplastes, Thuret.
Salt marshes, not uncommon.

164 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

M. terrestris, Desmaz.

Newton (W. G. Farlow) ; Melrose.
M. versicolor, Thuret.

Newton (W. G. Farlow).

OSCILLARIA, Kuetz.

O. subtorulosa, Farlow.

Mystic river salt marshes.
O. chlorina, Kuetz.

Newton (W. G. Farlow) .
O. tenuis, Ag.

Maiden and Reading.
O. nigra, Vauch.

Newton (W. G. Farlow) ; Maiden.
O. viridis, Vauch.

Newton (W. G. Farlow).
O. subuliformis, Harv.

Charles river salt marshes (W. G. Farlow) ; Mystic river marshes.
O. Frolichii, Kuetz.

Newton (W. G. Farlow).
O. Frolichii, Kuetz., var. viridis, Zeller.

Medford clay-pits.
O. Frolichii, Kuetz., var. ornata, Rab.

Charles river, Newton.
O. princeps, Vauch.

Cambridge (W. G. Farlow).

BEGGIATOA, Trevis.

B. alba, Trevis., var. minima, Warming.

Mystic river salt marshes.
B. mirabilis, Cohn.

Cambridge, salt marshes (W. G. Farlow) .

LEPTOTHRIX, Kuetz.

L. rigidula, Kuetz.

Mystic river salt marshes.
L. subtilissima, Rab.
Watertown (W. G. Farlow).

SPIRULINA, Turpin.

S. tenuissima, Kuetz.

Everett and Medford, rather common in brackish water; Cam-
bridge (W. G. Farlow).

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

GLOEOTHECE, Naeg.

G. confluens, Naeg.
Newton (W. G. Farlow).

APHANOTHECE, Naeg.

A. prasina, A. Br.

Cambridge (W. G. Farlow).

COSLOSPH^ERIUM, Naeg.

C. Kuetzingianum, Naeg.
Framingham (W. G. Farlow) ; Spot Pond, Stoneham.

CLATHROCYSTIS, Henfrey.

C. aeruginosa, Henfrey.

Horn Pond, Woburn (W. G. Farlow) ; Spot Pond, Stoneham.
C. roseo-persicina, Cohn.

Very common on salt marshes.

GLOEOCAPSA, Naeg.

G. crepidinum, Thuret.
Everett and Medford, on woodwork near high-water mark.

CHROOCOCCUS, Naeg. .

C. turgidus, Naeg.
Everett and Medford, with the preceding species.

LICHENS.

This list is undoubtedly far from being a complete catalogue of the
lichens of Middlesex County; and the number of species would prob-
ably be double, if the same study could be given to this order as to
the flowering plants or ferns. As it stands, it is a list of species
known to occur here ; but the absence of any species from this list
does not at all imply that it does not grow in the county, or even
that it is very rare. In arrangement, nomenclature, etc., Tuckerman's
later works have been followed, which give a somewhat different
system in the use of names of authorities for genera, species, etc.,
from that employed in other orders. Unless otherwise stated, species
from Cambridge, VVatertown, Newton, Medford, Arlington, and Lex-
ington are on the authority of Prof. Tuckerman ; from Waltham,
Mrs. S. E. French; from Chelmsford, Rev. J. L. Russell; and species
fromNatick and Sherborn were collected by Miss Clara E. Cummings,
to whom the writers are much indebted for a revision of the entire
list of lichens, as well as for additional species and localities.

166 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

RAMALINA, Ach., De Not.

R. calicaris, (L.) Fr., var. fastigiata, Fr.

Waltham, Natick.
R. calicaris, (L.) Fr , var. farinacea, Schaer.

Walthain.
R. pollinaria, (Ach.)

Natick.
R. polymorpha, (Ach.)

Chelmsford, Waltham.

CETRARIA (Ach.) Fr., Muell.

C. Islandica, (L.) Ach.

Cambridge, Watertown, Newton, Natick. ,
C. aleurites, (Ach.) Th. Fr.

Natick.
C. aleurites, (Ach.) Th. Fr., var. placorodia, Tuck.

"Waltham, Chelmsford.
C. ciliaris, (Ach.)

Cambridge, Waltham, Natick, Sherborn.
C, lacunosa, Ach.

Cambridge, Waltham, Natick, Sherborn.
C. juniperina, (L.) Ach.

Cambridge, Natick.

EVERNIA, Ach., Mann.

E. furfuracea, (L.) Mann.

Chelmsford, Waltham.
E. prunastri, (L.) Ach.

Cambridge, Watertown, Natick.

USNEA, (Dill.) Ach.

U. barbata, (L.) Fr., var. florid a, Fr.

Waltham, Natick, Sherborn.
U. barbata, (L.) Fr., var. hirta, Fr.

Waltham, Natick.
U. barbata, (L.) Fr., var. dasypoga, Fr.

Natick.
U. angulata, Ach.

Chelmsford.
U. trichodea, Ach.

Chelmsford.
U. longissima, Ach.

Waltham.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 167

ALECTORIA, (Ach.) Nyl.

A. jubata, (L.), var. chalybeiformis, Ach.

Natick.

THELOSCHISTES, Norm.

T. chrysophthalmus, (L.), Norm.

Walthain, Natick.
T. parietinus, (L.) Norm.

Cambridge, Waltham, Natick.
T. polycarpus, (Ehrh.)

Waltham.
T. lychneus, (Nyl.)

Cambridge, Natick.
T. concolor, (Dicks.)

Natick, Sherborn.

PARMELIA, (Ach.) DeNot.

P. perlata, (L.) Ach.

Framingham and Chelmsford (Russell) : Waltham, Cambridge and

Lexington.
P. perforata, (Jacq.) Ach.

Waltham, Sherborn, Natick.
P. crinita, Ach.

Cambridge, Waltham.
P. tiliacea, (Hoffm.) Floerk.

Waltham, Sherborn.
P. Borreri, Turn., var. rudecta, Tuck.

Waltham, Sherborn.
P. saxatilis, (L.) Fr.

Waltham, Sherborn, Natick.
P. saxatilis, (L.) Fr., var. sulcata, Nyl.

Waltham.
P. physodes, (L.) Ach.

Waltham, Sherborn.
P. colpodes, (Ach.) Nyl.

Waltham.
P. olivacea, (L.) Ach.

Waltham, Natick.
P. caperata, (L.) Ach.

Waltham, Sherborn, Natick.
P. conspersa, (Ehrh.) Ach.

Cambridge, Waltham, Natick.
P. ambigua, (Wulf.) Ach., var. albescens, Wahl.

Cambridge.

168 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

PHYSCIA, (DC., Fr.) Th. Fr.

P. speciosa, (Wuif., Ach.) Nyl.

Watertown, Medford, Cambridge and Waltham (Tuckerman) ,
P. hypoleuca, (Muhl.) Tuck.

ISTatick.
P. comosa, (Eschw.) Nyl.

Cambridge, very rare (Tuckerman).
P. aquila, (Ach.) Nyl., var. detonsa, Tuck.

Natick.
P. pulverulenta, (Schreb.) Nyl.

Cambridge, Waltham.
P. stellaris?, (L.)

Natick, Sherborn.
P. stellaris, (L.), var. aipola, Nyl.

Cambridge, Waltham.
P. tribacia, (Ach.) Tuck.

Waltham, Sherborn.
P. hispida, (Schreb., Fr.) Tuck.

Cambridge, Waltham.
P. Obscura, (Ehrh.) Nyl.

Waltham, Sherborn, Natick.
P. setosa, (Ach.) Nyl.

Natick.

PYXINE, Fr., Tuck.
P. sorediata, Fr.

Waltham.

UMBILICARIA, Hoffm.

U. Muhlenbergii, (Ach.) Tuck.

Waltham (C. J. Sprague) ; Cambridge, Medford.
U. Dillenii, Tuck.

Waltham.
U. pustulata, (L.) Hoffm., var. papulosa, Tuck.

Waltham, Natick.

STICTA, (Schreb.) Fr.

S. amplissima, (Scop.) Mass.

Waltham, Natick.
S. pulmonaria, (L.) Ach.

Arlington, Waltham, Natick.
S. fuliginosa, (Dicks.) Ach.

Waltham (Russell).
S. crocata, (L.) Ach.

Waltham, Sherborn.

MIDDLESEX FLOKA. 169

NEPHROMA, Ach.

N. tomentosum, (Hoffm.) Koerb.
Waltham.

N. Helveticum, Ach.
Chelmsford, Medford, Lexington, Natick.

PELTIGERA, (Willd., Hoffm.) F6e.

P. aphthosa, (L.) Hoffm.

Waltham (C. J. Sprague).
P. polydactyla, (Neck.) Hoffm.

Waltham.
P. rufescens, (Neck.) Hoffm.

Cambridge, Waltham.
P. canina, (L.) Hoffm.

Waltham.
P. canina, (L.) Hoffm., var. sorediata, (Schaer.)

Waltham.

PHYSMA, Mass.

P. luridum, (Mont.)
Waltham.

P ANN ARIA, Delis.

P. lanuginosa, (Ach.) Koerb.

Waltham.
P. molybdea, (Pers.) Tuck., var. cronia, Nyl.

Waltham.

COLLEMA, Hoffm., Fr.

C. verruciforme, Nyl.

Cambridge.
C. flaccidum, Ach.

Waltham.

LEPTOGIUM, Fr., Nyl.

L. pulchellum, (Ach.) Nyl.

Waltham.
L. Tremelloides, (L. fil.) Fr.

Medford, Waltham, Natlck.
L. myochroum, (Ehrh., Schaer.) Tuck., var. saturninum,

Schaer.

Chelmsford, Cambridge, Watertown, Waltham (Tuckerman).

PLACODIUM, (DC.) Naeg. & Hepp.

P. elegans, (Link) DC.
Cambridge.

170 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

P. murorum, (Hoffm.) DC.

Waltham.
P. cinnabarrinum, (Ach.) Anz.

Newton (T. P. Adams).
P. aurantiacum, (Lightf.) Naeg. & Hepp.

Waltham (C. J. Sprague) ; Natick, Sherborn.
P. cerinum, (Hedw.) Naeg & Hepp.

Waltham, Natick.
P. ferrugineum, (Huds.) Hepp., var. Pollinii, Tuck.

Natick.
P. vitellinum, (Ehrh.) Naeg. & Hepp.

Waltham, Natick.

LECANORA, Ach., Tuck.

L. rubina, (Vill.) Ach.

Cambridge, Watertown.
L. mu rails, (Schreb.) Schaer., var. saxicola, Schaer.

Cambridge, Waltham.
L. pallida, (Schreb.) Schaer.

Waltham, Natick, Sherborn.
L. subfusca, (L.) Ach.

Waltham, Natick, Sherborn.
L. badia, (Pers.) Ach.

Waltham.
L. varia, (Ehrh.) Nyl.

Waltham, Natick, Sherborn.
L. pallescens, (L.) Schaer.

Sherborn.
L. tartarea, (L.) Ach.

Medford, Natick, Sherborn.
L. verrucosa, (Ach.) Laur.

Waltham.
L. cinerea, (L.) Sommerf.

Cambridge.
L. Bockii, (Fr.) Th. Fr.

Waltham (C. J. Sprague).

EINODINA, Mass., Stizenb., Tuck.

R. oreina, (Ach.) Mass.

Waltham.
R. constans, (Nyl.) Tuck.

Natick.

PERTUSARIA, DC.

P. multipuncta, (Turn.) Nyl.
Waltham.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 171

P. communis, DC.

Natick.

P. pustulata, (Ach.) Nyl.
Sherboru.

CONOTREMA, Tuck.

C. urceolatum, (Ach.) Tuck.
Cambridge, Waltham, Natick, Sherborn.

URCEOLARIA, (Ach.) Flot.

U. scruposa, (L.) Nyl.
Chelmsford, Cambridge, Watertown.

MYRIANGIUM, Mont. & Berk.

M. Duriaei, (Mont. & Berk.) Tuck.
Newton (C. J. Sprague).

STEREOCAULON, Schreb.

S. paschale, (L.) Fr.

Medford, Waltham.

CLADONIA, Hoffin.

C. alcicornis, (Lightf.) Floerk.

Cambridge, Watertown.
C. cariosa, (Ach.) Spreng.

Cambridge.
C. pyxidata, (L.) Fr.

Cambridge, Waltham, Natick, Sherborn.
C.gracilis, (L.) Nyl.

Waltham.
C. gracilis, (L.) Nyl., var. verticillata, Fr.

Natick, Waltham.
C. gracilis, (L.) Nyl., var. hybrida, Schaer.

Natick.
C. cornuta, (L.) Fr.

Sherborn.
C. cenotea, (Ach.) Schaer.

Waltham.
C. caespiticia, (Pers.) Fl.

Waltham.
C. furcata, (Huds.) Fr.

Waltham.
C. furcata, (Huds.) Fr., var. racemosa, Fl.

Waltham, Sherborn.

172 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

C. furcata, (Huds.) Fr., var. subulata, Fl.

Waltham.
C. rangiferina, (L.) Hoffm.

Waltham.
C. rangiferina, (L.) Hoffm., var. sylvatica, L.

Waltham, Sherborn.
C. rangiferina, (L.) Hoffm., var. alpestris, L.

Waltham.
C. uncialis, (L.) Fr.

Cambridge, Waltham.
C. Cornucopioides, (L.) Fr.

Waltham, Natick.
C. deformis, (L.) Hoffm.

Waltham.
C. macilenta, (Ehrh.) Hoffm.

Sherborn.
C. cristatella, Tuck.

Waltham, Natick, Sherborn.

BJEOMYCES, Fee.

B. roseus, Pers.

Waltham, Natick.

BIATORA, Fr.
B. Nylanderi, Anz.

Cambridge.
B. uliginosa, (Schrad.) Fr.

Watertown.
B. denigrata, Fr.

Cambridge.
B. mixta, Fr.

Cambridge.
B. milliaria, Fr.

Cambridge.
B. rubella, (Ehrh.) Rab.

Waltham.

LECIDEA, (Ach., Fr.)

L. sylvicola, Th. Fr.

Waltham (C. J. Sprague; fide specimen in herb. B. S. N. H.)

BUELLIA, (De Not.) Tuck.

B. parasema, (Ach.) Koerb.

Waltham, Natick.
B. albo-atra, (Hoffm.)

Arlington.

MIDDLESEX FLOKA. 173

OPEGRAPHA, (Humb.) Ach., Nyl.

O. varia, (Pers.) Fr.

Sherborn.
O. vulgata, (Ach.) Nyl.

Sherborn.

XYLOGRAPHA, Fr., Nyl.

X. opegraphella, Nyl.
Waltham (C. J. Sprague).

GRAPHIS, Ach., Nyl.

G. scripta, (L.) Ach.

Waltham, Natick.
G. dendritica, Ach.

Sherborn.

ARTHONIA, Ach., Nyl.

A. astroidea, Ach.

Cambridge.
A. punctiformis, Ach.

Sherborn.

ACOLIUM (F6e) De Not.

A. tigillare, (Ach.) De Not.
Cambridge, Waltham, Natick.

CALICIUM, Pers., Ach., Fr.
C. subtile, Fr.

Natick.
C. turbinatum, Pers.

Cambridge.

ENDOCARPON, Hedw., Fr.

E. miniatum, (L.) Schaer.

Arlington, Waltham, Natick.
E. miniatum, (L.) Schaer., var. complicatum, Schaer.

Cambridge.
E. miniatum, (L.) Schaer., var. aquaticum, Schaer.

Medford, Waltham.

VERRUCARIA, (Pers.) Tuck.

V. nigrescens, Pers.

Cambridge.
V. muralis, Ach.

Watertown.

174 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

PYRENTJLA, (Ach., Naeg. & Hepp.) Tuck.

P. punctiformis, (Ach.) Naeg.

Cambridge.
P. gemmata, (Ach.) Naeg.

Sherborn.
P. thelaena, (Ach.) Tuck.

Natick.

MIDDLESEX FLORA. 175

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

Page 10. After Violaceae, Violet Family, insert the line

VIOLA, L.

Page 11. After the note on V. pubescens, Ait., insert
V. pubescens, Ait., var. scabriuscula, Gray.

Waltham (Walter Deane; specimen in herb of). Rare.
Page 26. In the description of Trigonella Cassia, Boiss., the last
clause should read "traversed by longitudinal anastomosing
nerves."

Page 38. After the note on CEnothera biennis, L., var. grandiftora,
Lindl., insert
CE. Oakesiana, Bobbins, (CE. biennis,L., var. Oakesiana, Man.)

Cambridge (S. Watson).

Page 60. For C. rapunculoides, read C. rapunculoides.
Page 88. For R. Brittanica, read R. Britannica.
Page 93. For C. vulgaris, Lam., var. AMERICANA, A. DC., read

C. vulgaris, Lam., var. Americana, A. DC.
Page 95. For S. viminalis, read S. mminalis.
Page 98. For L. trisculca, read L. trisulca.
Page 111. After the note on Cyperus dentatus, insert
C. glaber, L.

Westford, woollen mills, Sept. 15, 1884 (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv.
in wool from Turkey in Asia.

"Low, tufted, smooth; leaves narrow, shorter than the culm;
involucre about 3-leaved, conspicuous; utnbellets very short-
stalked in the sessile umbel, forming a capitate cluster of numerous
spikes ; these linear (% inch long by 1% lines wide) flattened,
serrate, scales ovate, strongly conduplicate, obtuse, mucronate,
striate, purplish-brown with broad green keel and narrow pale
margin, about half-length imbricate; rachis narrowly winged;
stamens 3, style 3-cleft; acheniurn obovate, triquetrous, apicu-
late, dull." C. W. Swan.

Page 111. After the note on C. esculentus, L., insert
C. esculentus, L., var. angustispicatus, Britton.
Lowell, Aug. 23, 1885 (Dr. C. W. Swan). Adv. from the South.
" Spikelets narrowly linear, about one line wide and three-fourths
of an inch long; a well marked form." Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club, XIII., 211.

176 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

Page 111. After the note on C. strigosus, L., insert
C. strigosus, L., var. capitatus, Boeckl.

Melrose (F. S. Collins).

" Inflorescence of several capitate clusters, rays short." Britton,
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, XIII., 212.

A doubtful form which may belong under this variety, or is per-
haps a hybrid between C. strigosus and C. filiculmis, was found
at Chelmsford, Sept. 20, 1885, by Dr. C. W. Swan, who gives the
following description :

" 9 inches high; habit of filiculmis, the slender culms with hard
tuberous bases, leaves short and very narrow, umbel with very
short rays forming one almost sessile dense head, and involucre
that of this species ; but the scales longer and narrower, strongly
conduplicate, yellowish brown, much exceeding the achenium,
which (immature) appears to be of an intermediate character,
and is partly enclosed by the membranous wings of the rachis.
Spikes 8-10 flowered."

RECAPITULATION.

NA

TIVE

NATUf

1ALIZED

ADVE

NTIVE

1

Species.

Varieties.

Species.

Varieties.

Species.

Varieties.

p

Ranimculaceae

12

23

2

„

K

Berberidaceae

2

2

33

4

4

i

i

SarraceniaceaB . .

1

1

6

Papaveraceae .

3

1

i

1

,

4

2

q

Cruciferae

20

15

2

iq

15

Violaceae . .

9

2

9

4

i f

Cistaceae ....

2

Q

Li

1

2

Hypericaceae

2

6

1

I

1

Caryophyllaceae

11

11

10

10

.

01

2

2

Ficoideae

1

1

Portulacaceae

2

1

1

2

Malvaceae

4

1

9

g

Tiliacese

1

1

1

2

1

4

7

1

3

Rutaceae

9

1

I

Simarubaceae

1

i

1'

Anacardiaceae

1

5

1

Vitaceae

2

4

Rhamnaceae

2

1

1

Celastraceae ....

1

Sapindaceae

4

6

i

Polygalaceae

1

5

Leguminosae

21

28

2

14.

90

a A

14

42

4

KIJ

Saxifragaceae

6

9

i

o

ot
19

Crassulaceae

3

1

3

4

12

178

MIDDLESEX FLOE A.

Genera

Native,

Naturalized.

Adventive.

I

I

s

02

Varieties

2?
1

Varieties.

co
5'

CD

Varieties

Hamamelace86

1
3
5
1
3
1
2
17
1
2
6
4
57
1
2
18
2
1
1
8
1
2
14
2
24
13
2
2
3
9
5
1
3
3
1
1
1
5

1

5
12
1
4

15
4
8
14
11
103
4
3
35
3
2
1
9
8
2
22
3
17
4

3
3
5
2

8
3

1

7

2
2

11
3

2
1

1
1

1

1
2
4

1
22

2

3

5

10
6

1
6

1
2

1

7

2

2

2

2
1

1
1
37
1
1
1

1
1

5
2
13
10
6
3
5
11
1

1

1
5

2

2

1

1
8
18
1
6
1
2
21
5
8
15
13
175
5
4
39
3
6
1
15
8
2
32
5
41
20
6
3
9
20
6
2
11
5
1
1
1
22

Halorageae ...

OnagracGSB . .

]VT6lastoinacc9B

Lythrac6E6

Cactacese ...

CucurbitacesB

UmbelliferaB ...... . .

Araliac69B . . • .

Cornac63B

Caprif oliac636

Composites

LobeliacesB

Campanulac6cC . . ...

Ericac6£6 •

Ilicin68B

Plumbaginacese

Primulacess

LentibulariacesB

Orobancliac636

ScropLulariacese

Verbenacess

Labiatce

BorraginacecG . .

HydrophyllacesB

Convolvulace86

Grentianacese

ApocyDacese

Asclepiadacec8 ....

Oleaceas

Aristolochiaceae

Nyctaginaceae

Phytolaccaceae

Chenopodiacese

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

179

Genera.

Native.

Naturalized,

Adventive.

I

t

o

(t>

CO

Varieties

f

i

Varieties

Species

Varieties

Amarantacese ... ...

2
4
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
10
1
2
6
2
2
2
9
5
2
2
7
3
2
11
1
1
2
1
1
19
2
1
1
1
1
11
51
1

2

19
2
1
1
J
2
1
6
S
1
5
14
3
7
13
U
5
3
6
28
6
2
30
1
1
4
1
3
19
16
1

2
1
109
86
4

1

1
2

1

5

1

1

1
4

1

27

5

5

8

1

1
5

4
1

5

4
22

1
*5

3

3

2
1

2

1

2
1

8
1

3
27

1
1

10
31
2
2
1
2
2
1
6
14
1
5
14
3
8
21
12
5
3
7
34
7
2
33
1
1
5
1
4
32
21
1
1
3
1
144
145
4

Laurac633 .

Santalaceas

Ceratophyllaceae

Callitrichaceae

Euphorbiacese

Urticacese

Platanaceae

Juglandaceae

Myricaceae

Betulacese . .

Arace^e

Lemnacese

TyphacejB ....

Orchidaceae

Amaryllidaceae

Dioscoreacese ....

Smiluceae

Juncacese

Pontederiaceae

Eriocaulonaceaa

Cyperaceae

Gramineae

Equisetaceae

180

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

Genera.

Native.

Naturalized.

Adventive,

1

Species.

Varieties.

03

»'

CD

Varieties.

Species.

Varieties.

Filices

15
2
1
1
48
15
2
82
39

34
8
5

134
16
10
191
131

6
2
6

1
13
15

1

8

245

40
8
7
1
140
16
11
204
146
2061

LycopodiacesB

MarsiliaceaB .

Musci

Hepaticae

Total

746

14721129

200

7

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

181

09

i-< O

10 tn

IQ >O O CO
r-l (?^ (M CD

00

» s -a

w .2 '£ o ^

S >> ^

M A 40 ft* £i

H pc} p_{ pp H

I N DEX,

Aaron's Rod, 36.
Abele, 9G.
Abies, 96.
Abutilon, IS.
Acalypha, 90.
Acer, 22.
Achillea, 54.
Acnida, 86.
Acolium, 173.
Acorus, 98.
Actaea, 3.

Adam's Needle, 109.
Adder's Tongue, 137.
Adiantum, 135.
Adlumia, 5.
, 22.
, 41.
Agrimonia, 31.
Agrimony, 31.
Agropyrum, 133.
Agrostis, 127.
Ailanthus, 20.
Aira, 128.
Alder, 62, 64. 94.
Alectoria, 167.
Aletris, 105.
Alfalfa, 25.
Algae, 152.
Alisrna, 101.
Alismaceaa, 101.
Allium, 108.
Alnus, 94.
Alopecurus, 125.
Alsyke, 24.
Alyssum, 8.
Amarantaceae, 85.
Amaranth, 85.
Amarantus, 85.

Amaryllis, 105.
Amaryllidaceae, 105.
Ambrosia, 51.
Amelanchier, 34.
American Cowslip, 65.
Ammania, 39.
Ampelopsis, 21.
Amphicarpaea, 29.
Amsinckia, 75.
Anabaena, 163.
Anacardiaceas, 21.
Anacharis, 102.
Anagallis, 66.
Anaphalis, 55.
Andromeda, 62.
Andropogon, 124.
Anemone, 1.
Anemonella, 1.
Angelica, 40.
Anomodon, 146.
Antennaria, 55.
Anthemis, 54.
Anthoxanthum, 125.
Anychia, 17.
Aphanorhegma, 143.
Aphanothece, 165.
Aphyllon, 67.
Apios, 29.
Apocynaceae, 81.
Apocynum. 81.
Apple, 34.
Apple of Peru, 79.
Aquifoliaceae, 64.
Aquilegia, 3.
Arabis, 6.
Araceae, 97.
Aralia, 42.
Araliaceae, 42.

184

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

Arbor-Vitae, 97.

Balsam Apple, 40.

Arbutus, 61.

Bambusina, 159.

Archangelica, 40.

Baneberry, 3.

Arctium, 57.

Baptisia, 29.

Arctostaphylos, 61.

Barbarea, 7.

Arenaria, 15.

Barberry, 3.

Arethusa, 103.

Barbula, 142.

Argemone, 4.

Barley, 134.

Arisaema, 97.

Barnyard Grass, 123.

Aristida, 125.

Bartonia, 80.

Aristolochiaceae, 82.

Bartramia, 143.

Arrhenatherum, 128.

Basil, 71.

Arrow-grass, 101.

Basswood, 18.

Arrow-head, 102.

Bastard Toad-flax, 89.

Arrow-wood, 44.

Batrachospermum, 153.

Artemisia, 54.

Bayberry, 93.

Arthonia, 173.

Bazzania, 150.

Arthrodesmus, 161.

Beak-rush, 114.

Arum, 97.

Bearberry, 61.

Asarum, 82.

Beard Grass, 124, 127.

Asclepiadaceae, 81.

Bedstraw, 44.

Asclepias, 81.

Beech, 93.

Ascophyllum, 154.

Beech-drops, 67.

Ash, 82.

Beech Fern, 136.

Asparagus, 108.

Beggar-ticks, 52.

Aspen, 96.

Beggar's-lice, 76.

Asperugo, 76.

Beggiatoa, 164.

Aspidium, 136.

Bellis, 49.

Aspleniutn, 135.

Bellwort, 107.

Asprella, 134.

Bengal Grass, 123.

Aster, 47.

Benjamin Bush, 89.

Atrichum, 144.

Bent Grass, 127.

Atriplex, 84.

Berberidaceae, 3.

Aulacomnion, 144.

Berberis, 3.

Avena, 128.

Bergamot, 72.

Avens, 31.

Betonica, 73.

Azalea, 62.

Betony, 69, 73.

Betula, 94.

Bachelor's Button, 56.

Betulaceae, 94.

Baeomyces, 172.

Biatora, 172.

Baeria, 53.

Bidens, 52.

Ballota, 74.

Bindweed, 77, 87.

Balm of Gilead, 96.

Birch, 94.

Balsam, 96.

Bird Millet, 123.

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

185

Birthroot, 106.

Briza, 130.

Birth wort, 82.

Brizopyrum, 130.

Bitter Cress, 6.

Bromus, 132.

Bittersweet, 78.

Brooklime, 68.

Blackberry, 32.

Brookweed, 66.

Black Grass, 109.

Broomrape, 67.

Black Horehound, 74.

Bruchia, 140.

Black Mustard, 8.

Brunella, 73.

Black Snakeroot, 40.

Bryophytes, 139.

Bladder Campion, 14.

Bryopsis, 155.

Bladder Fern, 137.

Bryum, 143.

Bladder Ketmia, 18.

Buckbean, 81.

Bladder Nut, 22.

Buckthorn, 21.

Bladderwort, 66.

Buckwheat, 86, 88.

Bladderwrack, 154.

Buellia, 172.

Blepharozia, 150.

Bugle weed, 71.

Blephilia, 72.

Bugloss, 74.

Blite, 84.

Bulbochaete, 154.

Blitum, 84.

Bulrush, 113.

Bloodroot, 5.

Bunchberry, 42.

Bloodwort, 105.

Bupleurum, 41.

Blueberry, 61.

Burdock, 57.

Bluebottle, 56.

Bur Grass, 124.

Blue Curls, 70.

Bur Marigold, 52, 53.

Blue Flag, 105.

Burnet, 31.

Blue Grass, 130.

Bur-reed, 98.

Blue Tangle, 61.

Bush Clover, 28.

Bluets, 45.

Butter-and-Eggs, 67.

Boehmeria, 91.

Buttercups, 2.

Bog-rush, 109.

Butterfly weed, 81.

Boltonia, 49.

Butternut, 92.

Boneset, 46.

Buttonbush, 45.

Borage, 74.

Buttonwood, 92.

Borraginaceae, 74.

Buxbaumia, 145.

Borrago, 74.

Bottle-brush Grass, 134.

Cactaceae, 39.

Bottle Grass, 123.

Cactus, 39.

Bouncing Bet, 14.

Cakile, 9.

Botrychium, 138.

Calamagrostis, 127.

Bexberry, 61.

Calamintha, 71.

Brachyelytrum, 126.

Caliciura, 173.

Brake, 135.

Calla, 97.

Brasenia, 4.

Callitrichaceae, 90.

Brassica, 8.

Callitriche, 90.

186

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

Calluna, 62.
Calopogon, 104.
Calothrix, 162.
Caltha, 3.
Calystegia, 78.
Camelina, 9.
Campanula, 60.
Campanulaceae, 60.
Canary Grass, 124.
Cancer-root, 67.
Cannabis, 92.
Caprifoliaceae, 43.
Capsella, 9.
Caraway, 42.
Cardamine, 6.
Cardinal Flower, 60.
Cardiospermuin, 22.
Carex, 114.
Carpet-weed, 17.
Carpinus, 93.
Carrion Flower, 106.
Carrot, 40.
Carum, 42.
Carya, 92.
Caryopbyllaceae, 13.
Cashew, 21.
Cassandra, 62.
Cassia, 29.
Castanea, 93.
Castillea, 69.
Catchfly, 14.
Catnip, 72.
Cat-tail, 98.
Ceanothus, 21.
Cedar, 97.
Celandine, 5.
Celastracese, 22.
Celastrus, 22.
Celtis, 91.
Cenchrus, 124.
Centaurea, 56.
Cephalanthus, 45.
Ceramiuin, 153.
Cerastium, 16.

Ceratodon, 141.
Ceratophyllaceae, 89.
Ceratophyllum, 89.
Cetraria, 166.
Chsenactis, 53.
Chaetophora, 156.
Chain Fern, 135.
Chamaecyparis, 97.
Chamomile, 54.
Chara, 151.
Characeae, 151.
Charlock, 8.
Cheat, 132.
Checkerberry, 61.
Chelidonium, 5.
Chelone, 68.
Chenopodiaceag, 83.
Chenopodium, 83.
Cherry, 30.
Chess, 132.
Chestnut, 93.
Chick-pea, 29.
Chtckweed, 15, 16.
Chick weed Wintergreen, 65.
Chicory, 57.
Chimapbila, 63.
Chinquepin, 4.
Chiogenes, 61.
Chlorosporeae, 155.
Chokeberry, 34.
Chondrus, 153.
Chorizanthe, 88.
Christmas Fern, 137.
Chroococcus, 165.
Chroolepus, 156.
Chrysanthemum, 54.
Chrysopogon, 124.
Chrysospleniuni, 35.
Cichorium, 57.
Cicuta, 41 .
Cinna, 127.
Cinnamon Fern, 137.
Cinquefoil, 31.
Circaea, 37.

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

187

Cirsium, 56.
Cistaeeae, 12.
Cladium, 114.
Cladonia, 171.
Cladophora, 156.
Clarkia, 38.
Clathrocystis, 165.
Claytonia, 17.
Clear weed, 91.
Cleavers, 44.
Clematis, 1.
Clethra, 62.
Climacium, 146.
Climbing Bittersweet, 22.
Climbing Fern, 137.
Climbing Hempweed, 46.
Clintonia, 107.
Closterium, 162.
Clotbur, 51.
Clover, 23.
Club Moss, 138.
Club-rush, 113.
Cnicus, 56.
Cocklebur, 51.
Ccelosphaerium, 165.
Cohosh, 3.
Colic-root, 105.
Coliseum Ivy, 67.
Collema, 169.
Collinsonia, 72.
Coltsfoot, 46.
Columbine, 3.
Comandra, 89.
Comfrey, 74.
Commelynaceae, 110.
Compass-plant, 51.
Composite, 45.
Comptonia, 94.
Cone Flower, 52.
Conferva, 157.
Coniferae, 96.
Conium, 42.
Conjugates, 159.
Conotrema, 171.

Convallaria, 107.
Convolvulaceae, 77.
Convolvulus, 77.
Coptis, 3.
Corallorhiza, 104.
Cord Grass, 124.
Coreopsis, 52.
Cornaceae, 42.
Corn Cockle, 15.
Cornel, 42.
Cornus, 42.
Coronilla, 29.
Corydalis, 5.
Corylus, 93.
Coscinodon, 142.
Cosmarium, 160.
Costmary, 54.
Cotton-grass, 113.
Couch Grass, 133.
Cowbane, 41.
Cowberry, 61.
Cow-herb, 14.
Cow-lily, 4.
Cow-parsnip, 40.
Cow-wheat, 70.
Crab Grass, 121.
Cranberry, 61.
Cranberry Tree, 44.
Cranesbill, 19.
Crassulacese, 35.
Crataegus, 33.
Crepis, 58.
Cress, 5.
Crotalaria, 23.
Crowfoot, 1, 2.
Cruciferae, 5.
Cryptogamia, 135.
Cryptotaenia, 41.
Cucumber-root, 107.
Cucurbitnceae, 40.
Cudweed, 55.
Cupressus, 97.
Cupuliferae, 92.
Currant, 35.

188

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

Cuscuta, 78.

Distichlys, 130.

Cut Grass, 124.

Ditch-grass, 99.

Cylindrospernmm, 165.

Docidium, 161.

Cylindrothecium, 148.

Dock, 88.

Cynoglossum, 76.

Dodder, 78.

Cyperacese, 111.

Dodecatheon, 65.

Cyperus, 111, 175.

Dogbane, 81.

Cypripedium, 104.

Dog's-tail Grass, 128.

Cystopteris, 137.

Dog's-tooth Violet, 108.

Dogwood, 21, 42.

Dactylis, 130.

Draba, 8.

Daisy, 49.

Dragon-head, 73.

Dalibarda, 32.

Draparnaldia, 156.

Dandelion, 59.

Drop-seed Grass, 126.

Dangleberry, 61.

Drosera, 12.

Danthonia, 128.

Droseracese, 12.

Daphne, 89.

Drummondia, 142.

Darnel, 133.

Duckweed, 98.

Datura, 79.

Dulichium, 112.

Daucus, 40.

Dulse, 153.

Day Lily, 109.

Dutchman's Breeches, 5.

Dead-nettle, 73.

Dwarf Dandelion, 57.

Delesseria, 153.

Dyer's Weed, 23.

Delphinium, 3.

Dentaria, 6.

Eatonia, 129.

Deschampsia, 128.

Echinacea, 51.

Desmidiese, 159.

Echinocystis, 40,

Desmidium, 159.

Echinodorus, 101.

Desrnodium, 27.

Echinospermum, 75.

Dewberry, 32.

Echium, 74.

Deyeuxia, 127.

Ectocarpus, 155.

Dianthus, 13.

Eel-grass, 99, 102.

Dicentra, 5.

Elatinacese, 13.

Dichelyma, 145.

Elatine, 13.

Dicksonia, 137.

Elder, 44.

Dicranella, 140.

Elecampane, 51.

Dicranuai, 140.

Eleocharis, 112.

Dier villa, 43.

Eleusine, 128.

Dioscorea, 106.

Elm, 91.

Dioscoreaceae, 106.

Elodea, 13.

Diphyscium, 145.

Elodes, 13.

Diplachne, 129.

Elymus, 134.

Diplopappus, 48.

Enchanter's Nightshade, 37

Dirca, 89.

Endocarpon, 173.

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

189

Endogens, 97.

Fireweed, 55.

Ephemerum, 140.

Fissidens, 141.

Epigaea, 61.

Five-finger, 31.

Epilobium, 37.

Flag 98, 105.

Epiphegus, 67.

Flax, 19.

Equisetacese, 135.

Fleabane, 49.

Equisetum, 135.

Floating Heart, 81.

Eragrostis, 129.

Florideaa, 152.

Erechtites, 55.

Flowering Dogwood, 42.

Ericaceae, 60.

Flowering Fern, 137.

Erigeron, 48.

Fontinalis, 145.

Eriocaulon, 111.

Fool's Parsley, 41.

Eriocaulonacese, 111.

Forget-me-not, 75.

Eriophorum, 113.

Four-o'clock, 82.

Eritrichium, 75.

Fowl Meadow Grass, 130.

Erodium, 19.

Foxglove, 69.

Erysimum, 7.

Foxtail, 123, 125.

Erythronium, 108.

Fragaria, 32.

Euastrum, 160.

Fraxinus, 82.

Eupatorium, 46.

Frog's-bit, 102.

Euphorbia, 90.

Frostweed, 12.

Euphorbiacese, 90.

Frullania, 150.

Evening Primrose, 37.

Fucus, 154.

Everlasting, 55.

Fuirena, 112.

Evernia, 166.

Fumaria, 5.

Exogens, 1.

Fumariacese, 5.

Fumitory, 5.

Fagopyrum, 88.

Funaria, 143.

Fagus, 93.

Fall Dandelion, 58.

Galeopsis, 73.

False Flax, 9.

Galingale, 111.

False Spikenard, 107.

Galinsoga, 53.

Featherfoil, 66.

Galium, 44.

Ferns, 135.

Gall-of-the-earth, 59.

Fescue, 131.

Garget, 83.

Festuca, 131.

Garlicn108.

Feverfew, 54.

Gastridium, 127.

Fieoideae, 17.

Gaultheria, 61.

Figwort, 67, 68.

Gaylussacia, 60.

Filices, 135.

Gelidium, 152.

Fimbriaria, 149.

Genista, 23.

Fimbristylis, 114.

Gentian, 80.

Finger Grass, 121.

Gentiana, 80.

Fir Balsam, 96.

Gentianacese, 80.

190

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

Geraniaceae, 19.

Gypsophila, 14.

Geranium, 19.

Gerardia, 69.

Habenaria, 102.

Germander, 70.

Hackberry, 91.

Geum, 31.

Hackmatac, 96.

Gilia, 77.

Haemodoraceae, 105.

Ginger, 82.

Hair Grass, 127, 128.

Ginseng, 42.

Halorageae, 36.

Glaux, 66.

Hamamelaceae, 36.

Gloeocapsa, 165.

Hamamelis, 36.

Glceocystis, 158.

Hardback, 31.

Gloeothece, 165.

Harebell, 60.

Gloiotrichia, 162.

Hawkweed, 58.

Glyceria, 130.

Hawthorn, 33.

Gnaphalium, 55.

Hazlenut, 93.

Goat's Kue, 27.

Heal-all, 73.

Golden Kagwort, 56.

Heart's ease, 11.

Goldenrod, 50.

Heath, 60, 62.

Goldthread, 3.

Hedeoma, 71.

Goodyera, 103.

Hedgehog Grass, 124.

Gooseberry, 34.

Hedge Hyssop, 68.

Goosefoot, 83.

Hedge Mustard, 7.

Goose-grass, 44.

Hedwigia, 142.

Goose-tongue, 54.

Helenium, 53.

Gourd, 40.

Helianthemum, 12.

Gracilaria, 153.

Helianthus, 52.

Gramineae, 121.

Heliophytum, 76.

Grape, 21.

Heliotrope, 76.

Graphis, 173.

Heliotropium, 76.

Grass, 121.

Hellebore, 107.

Grass of Parnassus, 35.

Hemerocallis, 109.

Gratiola, 68.

Hemizonia, 53.

Green Briar, 106.

Hemlock, 96, 97.

Grirnaldia, 149.

Hemp, 81, 92.

Grimmia, 142.

Hemp-nettle, 73.

Grindelia, 50.

Hemp-weed, 46.

Gromwell, 75.

Henbane, 79.

Ground Hemlock, 97.

Hepatica, 1.

Ground Ivy, 73.

Hepaticae, 149.

Ground Nut, 29, 42.

Heracleum, 40.

Ground Pine, 138.

Herb Kobert, 19.

Groundsel, 55.

Herd's Grass, 126.

Gum-plant, 50.

Hesperis, 10.

Gymnostichum, 134.

Hibiscus, 18.

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

191

Hickory, 92.

Impatiens, 20.

Hieracium, 68.

India Wheat, 88.

Hierochloa, 125.

Indian Grass, 124.

Hildenbrantia, 153.

Indian Hemp, 81.

Hobble-bush, 44.

Indian Pipe, 63.

Hog-peanut, 29.

Indian Poke, 107.

Holcus, 128.

Indian Rice, 124.

Holly, 64.

Indian Tobacco, 60.

Honewort, 41.

Indian Turnip, 97.

Honeysuckle, 43.

Innocence, 45.

Hop, 92.

Inula, 51.

Hop-tree, 20.

Ipomoaa, 77.

Hordeum, 133.

Iridaceae, 105.

Horehound, 73, 74.

Iris, 105.

Hornbeam, 93.

Irish Moss, 153.

Hornwort, 89.

Iron weed, 45.

Horse Chestnut, 22.

Ironwood, 93.

Horse-Gentian, 43.

Isatis, 9.

Horse Kettle, 78.

Isoeteae, 139.

Horseradish, 6.

Isoetes, 139.

Horsetail, 135.

Isopyrum, 2.

Horseweed, 48.

Iva, 51.

Hottonia, 66.

Ivy, 21, 67, 73.

Hound's Tongue, 76.

Houseleek, 36.

Jack-in-the-pulpit, 97.

Houstonia, 45.

Jerusalem Artichoke, 52.

Huckleberry, 60.

Jerusalem Oak, 83.

Humulus, 92.

Jewel-weed, 20.

Hungarian Grass, 123.

Jointed Charlock, 10.

Hyalotheca, 159.

Joint Grass, 127.

Hydrocharidaceae, 102.

Joiiitweed, 87.

Hydrocotyle, 40.

Juglandaceae, 92.

Hydrophyllaceae, 76.

Juglans, 92.

Hydrophyllum, 76.

Juncaceae, 109.

Hyoscyamus, 79.

Juncus, 109.

Hypericaceae, 13.

Juneberry, 34.

Hypericum, 13.

Juniper, 97.

Hypnum, 146.

Juniperus, 97.

Hypochaeris, 58.

Hypoxys, 105.

Kale, 8.

Kalmia, 62.

Ilex, 64.

Knapweed, 56.

Ilicineae, 64.

Knawel, 17.

Ilysanthes, 68.

Knotgrass, 87.

192 MIDDLESEX FLORA.

Krigia, 57.

Leptogium, 169.

Leptothrix, 164.

Labiatae, 70.

Leptotrichum, 141.

Labrador Tea, 63.

Lespedeza, 28.

Lactuca, 59.

Lettuce, 59.

Ladies' Tobacco, 55.

Leucanthemum, 54.

Ladies' Tresses, 103.

Leucobrynm, 141.

Lady Fern, 136.

Leucodon, 146.

Lady's Slipper, 104.

Leucothoe, 61.

Lady's Thumb, 86.

Leverwood, 93.

LambkiH, 62.

Liatris, 45.

Lamium, 73.

Lichens, 165.

Lampsana, 57.

Ligusticum, 41.

Laportea. 91.

Ligustruin, 82.

Lappa, 57.

Lilac, 82.

Larch, 96.

Liliaceae, 106.

Larix, 96.

Lilium, 108.

Larkspur, 3.

Lily, 106, 108.

Lathyrus, 28.

Lily of the Valley, 107,

Lauraceae, 89.

Limnanthemum, 81.

Laurel, 62, 89.

Linacese, 19.

Lavender, 65.

Linaria, 67.

Layia, 53.

Linden, 18.

Leadwort, 65.

Lindera, 89.

Leatherleaf, 62.

Linnaea, 43.

Leatherwood, 89.

Linum, 19.

Leathesia, 155.

Lion's-foot, 59.

Lecanora, 170.

Liparis, 104.

Lechea, 12.

Liquorice, 45.

Lecidea, 172.

Lithospermum, 75.

Ledum, 63.

Live-forever, 36.

Leek, 108.

Liverwort, 149.

Leersia, 124.

Lobelia, 60.

Leguminosae, 23.

Lobeliaceae, 60.

Lerana, 98.

Locust, 27.

Lemnaceae 98.

Lolium, 133.

Lentibulariaceae, 66.

Lonicera, 43.

Leontodon, 58.

Loosestrife, 39, 65.

Leonurus, 73.

Lophanthus, 72.

Lepidium, 9.

Lophocolea, 150.

Lepigonum, 16.

Lopseed, 70.

Leptobryum, 143.

Lousewort, 69.

Leptochloa, 128.

Lovage, 41.

Leptodon, 145.

Lucerne, 25.

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

193

Ludwigia, 38.

Meadow Beauty, 39.

Lungwort, 75.

Meadow Grass, 130.

Lupine, 23.

Meadow Parsnip, 41.

Lupin us, 23.

Meadow Rue, 1.

Luzula, 109.

Meadow-sweet, 30.

Lychnis, 15.

Medeola, 107.

Lycium, 79.

Medicago, 25.

Lycopersicum, 78.

Medick, 25.

Lycopodiaceae, 138.

Melampyrum, 70.

Lycopodium, 138.

Melastoma, 39.

Lycopsis, 74.

Melastomaceae, 39.

Lycopus, 71.

Melilot, 25.

Lygodium, 137.

Melilotus, 24.

Lyme Grass, 134.

Mentha, 70.

Lyngbya, 163.

Menyanthes, 81.

Lysimachia, 65.

Mercury, 21, 90.

Lythraceae, 39.

Mermaid-weed, 37-

Ly thrum, 39.

Mertensia, 75.

Metzgeria, 150.

Madder, 44.

Mexican Tea, 83.

Madotheca, 150.

Mezereum, 89.

Maianthemnm, 108.

Micrasterias, 160.

Maidenhair, 135.

Microcoleus, 163.

Mallow, 17.

Microseris, 58.

Malva, 17.

Microstylis, 104.

Malvaceae, 17.

Mikania, 46.

Mandrake, 3.

Milkweed, 81.

Maple, 22.

Milkwort, 22, 66.

Marchantia, 149.

Millet, 123.

Marigold, 52, 53.

Mimulus, 68.

Marrubium, 73.

Mint, 70.

Marsh Bell-flower, 60.

Mint Geranium, 54.

Marsh Cress, 6.

Mitchella, 45.

Marsh Marigold, 3.

Mitella, 35.

Marsh Rosemary, 65.

Mithridate Mustard, 9.

Marsilia, 139.

Mitrewort, 35.

Marsiliaceae, 139.

Mnium, 144.

Maruta, 54.

Mockernut, 92.

Mastigonema, 162.

Mollugo, 17.

Matricaria, 54.

Monarda, 72.

Matrimony Vine, 79.

Moneses, 63.

May Apple, 3.

Moneywort, 65.

Mayflower, 61.

Monkey-flower, 68.

Mayweed, 54.

Monostroma, 157.

13

194

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

Monotropa, 63.

Nodularia, 163.

Moonwort, 138.

Nonesuch, 25.

Moosewood, 89.

Nostoc, 163.

Morning-glory. 77.

Nuphar, 4.

Morus, 91.

Nut-rush, 114.

Mosses, 139.

Nyctaginaceae, 82.

Mossy Stonecrop, 36.

Nymphaea, 4.

Motherwort, 73.

Nymphaeaceae, 4.

Mountain Ash, 34.

Nyssa, 43.

Mountain Rice, 126.

Mugwort, 54.
Muhlenbergia, 126.

Oakesia, 107-

Mulberry, 91.
Mulgediutn, 59.
Mullein, 67.

Oat, 128.
Oat Grass, 126, 128.
(Enothera, 37, 175.

Musci, 139.

Old-maid's frizzles, 31.

Mustard, 5, 7, 8, 9.

Old-witch Grass, 121.

Myosotis, 75.

Oleaceae, 82.

Myriangium, 171.
Myrica, 93.
Myricaceae, 93.
Myriophyllum, 36.

Olive, 82.
Onagraceae, 37.
Onoclea, 137.
Onopordon, 57.
Oosporeae, 154.

Nabalus, 59.

Opegrapha, 173.

Naiadaceae, 99.

Ophiocytium, 158.

Naias, 99.

Ophioglossum, 137.

Nardia, 150.

Opuntia, 39.

Nasturtium, 5.

Orchard Grass, 130.

Neckera, 145.

Orchidaceae, 102.

Neckweed, 69.

Orchis, 102.

Neillia, 30.

Ornithogalum, 108.

Nelumbium, 4.

Orobanchaceae, 67.

Nemopanthes, 64.
Nepeta, 72.
Nephroma, 169.
Nesaea, 39.
Nettle, 91.

Orpine, 35.
Orthocarpus, 69.
Orthotrichum, 142.
Oryzopsis, 126.
Oscillaria, 164.

New Jersey Tea, 21.
Nicandra, 79.

Osier, 95.
Osmorrhiza, 42.

Nicotiana, 80.

Osmunda, 137.

Nightshade, 78.
Nine-bark, 30.

Ostrich Fern, 137.
Ostrya, 93.

Nipplewort, 57.
Nitella, 151.

Oswego Tea, 72.
Oxalis, 20.

Ox-eye Daisy, 54.

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

195

Oxybaphus, 82. '

Phaeosporeae, 154.

Phalaris, 124.

Painted-cup, 69.

Phegopteris, 136.

Panic Grass, 121.

Philonotis, 143.

Panicum, 121.

Phleum, 126.

Pannaria, 169.

Phlox, 77.

Papaveraceae, 4.

Phragmites, 129.

Pansy, 11.

Phryma, 70.

Parietaria, 92.

Phyllitis, 154.

Parmelia, 167.

Physalis, 79.

Parnassia, 35.

Physcia, 168.

Paronychiae, 17.

Physcomitrella, 140.

Parsley, 40, 41.

Physcomitrium, 143.

Parsnip, 40.

Physma, 169.

Parthenium, 51.

Physostegia, 73.

Partridge-berry, 45.

Phytolacca, 83.

Partridge-pea, 29.

Phytolaccaceas, 83.

Paspalum, 121.

Picea, 96.

Pastinaca, 40.

Pickerel-weed, 110.

Pear, 34.

Pigeon Grass, 123.

Pearlwort, 16.

Pigweed, 83, 85.

Pediastrum, 158.

Pilea, 91.

Pedicularis, 69.

Pimpernel, 66, 68.

Pellia, 149.

Pine, 96.

Pellitory, 92.

Pine-sap, 63.

Peltandra, 97.

Pink, 13.

Peltigera, 169.

Pinus, 96.

Penium, 162.

Pinweed, 12.

Pennyroyal, 71.

Pinxter-flower, 63.

Pennywort, 40.

Pipewort, 111.

Penthorum, 35.

Pipsissewa, 63.

Pentstemon, 68.

Pirus, 34.

Pepperbush, 62.

Pisum, 29.

Peppergrass, 9.

Pitcher-plant, 4.

Pepperidge, 43.

Placodium, 169.

Peppermint, 70.

Plane-tree, 92.

Pepper-root, 6.

Plantaginaceae, 64.

Periploca, 82.

Plantago, 64.

Pertusaria, 170.

Plantain, 64.

Petalostemon, 26.

Platanaceae, 92.

Petunia, 79.

Platanus, 92.

Phacelia, 76.

Pleurocarpus, 159.

Phaenogamia, 1.

Pleurotaenium, 161.

Phseosaccion, 155.

Pluchea, 51.

196

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

Plum, 30.

Plumbaginaceae, 65.
Poa, 130.
Podophyllum, 3.
Podostemaceae, 90.
Podostemon, 90.
Pogonatum, 145.
Pogonia, 104.
Poison Hemlock, 42.
Poison Ivy, 21.
Poke, 83.

Polemoniacese, 77.
Polygala, 22.
Polygalaceae, 22.
Polygonacese, 86.
Polygonatum, 108.
Polygonum, 86.
Polypodium, 135.
Polypody, 135.
Polypogon, 127.
Polysiphonia, 152.
Polytrichuin, 145.
Pond Lily, 4.
Pondweed, 99.
Pontederia, 110.
Pontederiacese, 110.
Poplar, 96.
Poppy, 4.
Populus, 96.
Porphyra, 153.
Porphyridium, 158.
Portulaca, 17.
Portulacaceae, 17.
Potamogeton, 99.
Potato, 78.
Potentilla, 31.
Poterium, 31.
Pottia, 141.
Poverty Grass, 125.
Prairie Clover, 26.
Prairie Dock, 51.
Prenanthes, 59.
Prickly Ash, 20.
Prickly-pear, 39.

Primrose, 65. %
Primulacese, 65
Prince's Feather, 86.
Prince's Pine, 63.
Privet, 82.
Proserpinaca, 37.
Protococcaceae, 158.
Protococcus, 158.
Prunus, 30.
Ptelea, 20.
Pteridophytes, 135.
Pterigynandrum, 146.
Pteris, 135.
Pulse, 23.
Punctaria, 154.
Purple Cone-flower, 51.
Purslane, 17.
Pycnanthemum, 71.
Pylaisia, 146.
Pyrenula, 174.
Pyrola, 63.
Pyxine, 168.

Quaking Grass, 130.
Queen of the Meadow, 46.
Quercus, 92.
Quick Grass, 133.
Quillwort, 139.
Quitch Grass, 133.

Racomitrium, 142.
Radish, 10.
Radula, 150.
Ragweed, 51.
Ralfsia, 155.
Ramalina, 166.
Ranuneulaceae, 1.
Ranunculus, 2.
Raphanus, 10.
Raspberry, 32.
Rattle-box, 28.
Rattlesnake Grass, 130.
Rattlesnake Plantain, 103.
Rattlesnake-weed, 58.

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

197

Ray Grass, 133.
Red-top, 130.
Reed, 129.
Reed Grass, 127.
Rhamnaceae, 21.
Rhamnus, 21.
Rhexia, 39.
Rhizoclonium, 156.
Rhododendron, 62.
Rhodora, 63.
Rhodymeuiia. 153.
Rhus, 21.

Rhynchospora, 114.
Ribbon Grass, 125.
Ribes, 34.
Ribgrass, 64.
Riccia, 149.
Richweed, 72, 91.
Rinodina, 170.
Riverweed, 90.
Rivularia, 162.
Robinia, 27.
Robin's Plantain, 49.
Rock Cress, 6, 7.
Rocket, 7, 9, 10.
Rock-rose, 12.
Roman Wormwood, 51.
Rosa, 33.
Rosaceae, 30.
Rose, 33.
Rose Acacia, 27.
Rose Mallow, 18.
Rosin-weed, 51.
Roxbury Waxwork, 22.
Royal Fern, 137.
Rubiacese, 44.
Rubus, 32.
Rudbeckia, 52.
Rue, 20.
Rumex, 88.
Ruppia, 99.
Rush, 109.
Rutaceae, 20.
Rye, 133, 134.

Rye Grass, 133.

Sabbatia, 80.
Sacheria, 153.
Sagina, 16.
Sagittaria, 102.
Salicaceae, 94.
Salicornia, 84.
Salix, 94,
Salsola, 85.
Salt Grass, 124.
Salt-marsh Fleabane, 51.
Salt-marsh Grass, 124.
Saltwort, 85.
Salvia, 72.
Sambucus, 44.
Samolus, 66.
Samphire, 84.
Sandal wood, 89.
Sand Grass, 129.
Sandwort, 15.
Sanguinaria, 5.
Sanicula, 40.
Santalacese, 89.
Sapindaceae, 22.
Saponaria, 14.
Sarracenia, 4.
Sarraceniaceae, 4.
Sarsaparilla, 42.
Sassafras, 89.
Satureia, 71.
Savin, 97.
Saxifraga, 35.
Saxilragaceae, 34.
Saxifrage, 35.
Scheuchzeria, 101.
Scapania, 150.
Scarlet-fruited Thorn, 34.
Scilla, 108.
Scirpus, 113.
Scleranthus, 17.
Scleria, 114.
Scouring-rush, 135.
Scrophularia, 68.

198

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

Scrophulariaceae, 67.
Scorpiurus, 29.
Scutellaria, 73.
Scytonema, 162.
Scytosiphon, 155.
Sea Milkwort, 66.
Sea Rocket, 9.
Secale, 133.
Sedge, 114.
Sedum, 36.
Seed-box, 38.
Selaginella, 138.
Self-heal, 73.
Sempervivum, 36.
Senebiera, 9.
Seneca Grass, 125.
Senecio, 55.
Sensitive Fern, 137.
Sericocarpus, 47.
Setaria, 123.
Shadbush, 34.
Shagbark Hickory, 92.
Shave Grass, 135.
Sheep-berry, 44.
Shepherd's Purse, 9.
Shield Fern, 136.
Shin-leaf, 63.
Shooting-star, 65.
Sickle-pod, 7.
Sicyos, 40.
Sida, 18.

Side-saddle flower, 4.
Silene, 14.
Silphium, 51.
Silver-weed, 31.
Simarubaceae, 20.
Sisymbrium, 7.
Sisyrinchium, 105.
Sium, 41.
Skullcap, 73.
Skunk cabbage, 98.
Smartweed, 87.
Smilacina, 107.
Smilaceae, 106.

Sniilax, 106.
Snake-head, 68.
Snakeroot, 40, 46.
Sneeze-weed, 53.
Snowberry, 61.
Soapberry, 22.
Soapwort, 14.
Solanaceae, 78.
Solanum, 78.
Solidago, 49.
Solomon's Seal, 108.
Sonchus, 59.
Sorghum, 124.
Sorrel, 88.
Sow-thistle, 59.
Spanish Needles, 53.
Sparganium, 98.
Spartina, 124.
Spear Grass, 130, 131.
Spearmint, 70.
Spearwort, 2.
Specularia, 60.
Speedwell, 68.
Speirodela, 98.
Spergula, 16.
Spergularia, 16.
Sphaerozosma, 159.
Sphaerozyga, 163.
Sphagnaceae, 149.
Sphagnum, 149.
Spice-bush, 89.
Spiderwort, 110.
Spike Grass, 130.
Spikenard, 42, 107.
Spike-rush, 112.
Spiraea, 30.
Spiranthes, 103.
Spirogyra, 159.
Spirulina, 164.
Spleenwort, 135.
Spondylosium, 159.
Sporobolus, 126.
Spring Beauty, 17.
Spring Cress, 6.

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

199

Spruce, 96.
Spurge, 90.
Spurrey, 16.
Squirrel-tail Grass, 133.
Stachys, 73.
Staff Tree, 22.
Staphylea, 22.
Star-cucumber, 40.
Star-flower, 65.
Star Grass, 105.
Star-of-Bethlehem, 108.
Starwort, 90.
Statice, 65.
Staurastrum, 161.
Steetzia, 149.
Steironema, 65.
Stellaria, 15.
Stereocaulon, 171.
Stitchworf, 15.
Stickseed, 75.
Sticta, 168.
Stigeoclonium, 156.
Stipa, 126.
St. John's-wort, 13.
Stonecrop, 35, 36.
Stone-root, 72.
Strawberry, 32.
Streptopus, 107.
Struthiopteris, 137.
Suseda, 85.
Succory, 57.
Sugarberry, 91.
Sumach, 21.
Summer Savory, 71.
Sundew, 12.
Sunflower, 52.
Swamp Honeysuckle, 62.
Swamp Pink, 62.
Sweet-brier, 33.
Sweet Cicely, 42.
Sweet Clover, 25.
Sweet-fern, 94.
Sweet Flag, 98.
Sweet Gale, 93.

Sweet William, 14.
Sycamore, 92.
Symphytum, 74.
Symplocarpus, 98.
Syringa, 82.

Tamarack, 96.
Tanacetum, 54.
Tansy, 54.
Tape-grass, 102.
Taraxacum, 59.
Tare, 28.
Taxus, 97.
Tear-thumb, 87.
Tephrosia, 27.
Tetmemorus, 161.
Tetraphis, 143.
Tetraspora, 158.
Teucrium, 70.
Thalictrum, 1.
Thallophytes, 151.
Thaspium, 41.
Thelia, 146.
Theloschistes, 167.
Thimbleberry, 32.
Thin Grass, 127.
Thistle, 56.
Thlaspi, 9.
Thorn-apple, 79.
Thoroughwort, 46.
Three-seeded Mercury, 90.
Thuya, 97.
Thyme, 71.
ThymeleaceaB, 89.
Thymus, 71.
Tiarella, 35.
Tickseed Sunflower, 52.
Tidy-tips, 53.
Tilia, 18.
Tiliaceae, 18.
Timothy, 123, 126.
Toad-flax, 67, 89.
Tolypothrix, 162.
Tomato, 78.

200

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

Tower Mustard, 7.

Velvet Grass, 128.

Tradescantia, 110.

Velvet-leaf, 18.

Trapa, 37.

Venus' Looking-glass, 60.

Tree of Heaven, 20.

Veratrum, 107.

Trichostema, 70.

Verbascum, 67.

Tricuspis, 129.

Verbena, 70.

Trientalis, 65.

Verbenaceae, 70.

Trifolium, 23.

Vernal Grass, 125.

Triglochin, 101.

Vernonia, 45.

Trigonella, 26.

Veronica, 68.

Trillium, 106.

Verrucaria, 173.

Triosteum, 43.

Vervain, 70.

Triplasis, 129.

Vetch, 28.

Triticum, 133.

Vetchling, 28.

Tropidocarpum, 10.

Viburnum, 44.

Trumpet-weed, 46.

Vicia, 28.

Tsuga, 96.

Vilfa, 126.

Tupelo, 43.

Vincetoxicum, 82.

Tussilago, 46.

Vine, 21.

Twayblade, 104.

Viola, 10, 175.

Twig-rush, 114.

Violaceae, 10.

Twin-flower, 43.

Violet, 10, 175.

Typha, 98.

Virginia Creeper, 21.

Typhacese, 98.

Virginian Cowslip, 75.

Virgin's Bower, 1.

Ulmus, 91.

Vitacese, 21.

Ulota, 142.

Vitis, 21.

Ulothrix, 157.

Volvox, 158.

Ulva, 157.

Umbelliferse, 40.

Wake Robin, 106.

Umbilicaria, 168.

Wall Barley, 134.

Umbrella-grass, 113.

Walnut, 92.

Urceolaria, 171.

Water Chestnut, 37.

Urtica, 91.

Water Chinquepin, 4.

Urticacese, 91.

Water Cress, 5.

Usnea, 166.

Water-fern, 139.

Utricularia, 66.

Water Hemlock, 41.

Uvularia, 107.

Waterleaf , 76.

Water Lily, 4.

Vaccaria, 14.

Water Marigold, 53.

Vaccinium, 61.

Water Milfoil, 36.

Vallisneria, 102.

Water Oats, 124.

Vanilla Grass, 125.

Water Parsnip, 41.

Vaucheria, 154.

Water Pepper, 87.

MIDDLESEX FLORA.

201

Water Plantain, 101.

Woad-waxen, 23.

Water Purslane, 38.

Wood Betony, 73.

Water Shield, 4.

Woodbine, 21.

Water Star wort, 90.

Wood Fern, 136.

Waterweed, 102.

Wood Grass, 124.

Waterwort, 13.

Wood-rush, 109.

Wax Myrtle, 93.

Wood Sage, 70.

Way Bent, 134.

Wood Sorrel, 20.

Webera, 143.

Woodsia, 137.

Weisia, 140.

Woodwardia, 135.

Wheat, 133.

Wool-grass, 113.

Wheat Grass, 133.

Worm-seed Mustard, 7.

White Alder, 62.

Wormwood, 55.

White Grass, 124.

White Hellebore, 107.

Xanthidium, 161.

White Mustard, 8.

Xanthium, 51.

White Snakeroot, 46.

Xanthorrhiza, 3.

White weed, 54.

Xanthoxylum, 20.

Whitewood, 18.

Xylographa, 173.

Whitlow Grass, 8.

Xyridacese, 110.

Whitlow-wort, 17.

Xyris, 110.

Wicopy, 89.

Wild Bean, 29.

Yam, 106.

Wild Indigo, 29.

Yarrow, 54.

Wild Oats, 107.

Yellow Adder' s-tongue, 10$.

Wild Pink, 14.

Yellow Cress, 6.

Wild Senna, 29.

Yellow-eyed-grass, 110.

Wild Sensitive-plant, 29.

Yellow Mustard, 8.

Willow, 94.

Yellow Nelumbo, 4.

Willow-herb, 37.

Yellow-root, 3.

Wind-flower, 1. [ Yew, 97.

Winterberry, 64. Yucca, 109.

Winter Cress, 7.

Wintergreen, 61, 63, 65.

Zannichellia, 99.

Wire Grass, 128, 130.

Zizania, 124.

Witch Hazel, 36.

Zizia, 41.

Withe-rod, 44.

Zostera, 99.

Woad, 9.

Zyguema, 159.

14 DAY USE

RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED

This book is due on the last date stamped below, or

on the date to which renewed.
Renewed books are subject to immediate recall.

MAR 2 3 1961

APR 7 1961

WOV 6 1967

OCT25 1967 17

M2CK5882

THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY