* : # ^. # . *. *^ « . * <^\*** <^*
•*-.»A*^*»*..*t
*.♦»*-♦-*■•
A
IF IL (D IB^
OF THE
NORTHERN AND MIDDLE SECTIONS
05 THE
OB,
A SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT AND i>SSCRIPTION QV
ALL THE PLANTS HITHERTO DISCOVERED
IV TUB
UNITED STATES NORTH OF VIRGINIA.
BY JOHN TORREY, M. D.
Ereiident of the Lyceum of Natural History of New- York ; Member of the New- York
literary and Philosophical Society ; of the Academy ot Natural Sciences of
rhiladeiphia ; of the Physiographical Society of Lund, Sweden ; of the
%Vemerian Natural History Society, Edinburgh, ic.
VOLUME I.
M'EW-YORK:
PRINTED AND SOLD BY T. AND J. SWOIIDS,
Na yj I'earl-strett.
1824.
e\
/ Co "i-
TO
THOMAS NUTTALL, ESQ;
Fellow op the LmNiEAN Society op London, Member op the American Philosophical Society, &c. &c.
THIS WORK
IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRfBED,
AS A TRIBUTE OF RESPECT FOR HIS SCIENTIFIC ATTAINMENTS,
AND
AS A TOKEN OF ESTEEM FOR HIS PERSONAL CHARACTER,
BY HIS FRIEND,
THt: AUTHOR.
PREFACE,
JL HE progress of botanical science in the United States has been so rapid during the last few years, that new works, containing the discoveries continually making, are, from time to time, required. The excellent Flora of Mr. Pursh, which appeared in 1814, exhibited all that was then on re- cord, as well as all which the enterprising author himself discovered, relative to North-American botany. Since that lime have appeared the " Genera of North-American Plants," by Mr. Nuttall, a work which has contributed more than any other to advance the accurate knowledge of the plants of this country ; Mr. ElHott's excellent " Sketch of the Bo- tany of Georgia and South-Carolina ;" " Barton^s Flora of North-America," besides numerous monographs and miscel- laneous observations on North-American plants, published in various scientific journals. A considerable number of out- plants have also found their way to Europe, and have there been described and illustrated by the most celebrated botanists of the age. A small proportion, however, of North-American plants, even of those growing in the most explored parts, have yet been attentively examined.
Having devoted a number of years to the study of the plants of this country, particularly those of the northern and middle parts of the United States, the author conceived that a Flora embracing this section, would be a proper counter part to the work of Mr. Elliott on the Botany of the Southern States. He accordingly commenced collecting materials for the present- work; and, after much labour and care, he at length ventures to submit it to the public. The ad- vantage of local Floras is now generally acknowledged ; as their authors, it is presumed, must be better acquainted with the plants of which they treat than with those of a more ex- tensive district; they are the means of recording many facts and observations, and minute descriptions, which could not be introduced into general works; they also increase our knowledge of vegetable geography.
It has been the object of the author to bring together all that has hitherto been published on the subjects embraced by this work, and to add such observations as his own opportuni- ties have enabled him to make. In prosecuting this task
it lias been necessary, in many instances, to alter andanriend the characters of genera and species as they were described in previous works, and also to make some changes in nomenclature. He is well aware of the, great inconvenience of changing established names, but this must necessarily be done while botany is an advancing science. A large pro- portion of our plants have not been examined since botany has assumed a philosophical character : hence they have been imperfectly described, and, in many instances, referred to wrong genera and species. We are, therefore, often under the necessity of using erroneous names, or of changing thena for such as are more appropriate. It appears to us that the interest of science requires us to adopt the latter alternative ; but, at the same time, to make no alteration except such as the natural progress of botany renders necessary. There can be little doubt that Linnceus himself, had he lived to this day, would have materially altered both his system and nomenclature ; as he did in each successive edition of his own works. In all cases where there was not especial reason for the contrary, we have adopted the names given to plants by those who discovered or first described them ; thus we have revived the neglected name of Bartonia, given to a plant by Muhlenberg, and described in 1801, in- stead of adopting Centaurella of JVIichaux, which was several years later ; Gi/mnopogon of P. de Beauvois has been pre- ferred to Anthopngon of Nuttall, and Brasenia of Schreber to Hydropdlis of Michaux. So in specific names, Frasera carolinensis and Utriculnria injlata of Walter, have beea used instead of F. Walteri and U. ctratophylla of Michaux.
The most important changes of this kind have been intro- duced in the Gkamine^, a family which has been less attended to by our botanists than any other of the phanerogamia. Mr. Nuttall has exhibited his usual acuteness in reforming their characters, but, as thfe Agrostographia of P. de Beau- vois had not reached this country when he published his valuable work, most of his new genera must give place to those of the French botanist. It is principally to this work, and to the recent Agrostographia of Trinius, that the author is indebted for the improved generic characters of the grasses, as well as for the somewhat new arrangement which he proposes.
The Umbellifeu* are adopted with but Httle alteration from Sprengel, as they are elaborated by him in the 6th vo- lume of Roemer & Schultes' Systema Vegetabilium, though his distribution of the North-American species of this tribe is not ahogether satisfactory.
Of the Cryptogamia, it is concluded at this time to* de-
-scnbe only the ferns, leaving the other orders for a future period; when the author, in connexion with his friends, the Rev. L. D. Schweinitz, and A. Halsey, Esq. proposes to give a Cryptogamic Flora of the United States. Large col- lections have already been made towards this work.
The names of genera and species proposed by the author have an asterisk (*) annexed to them. To a few doubtful plants the mark (+) is added. It is probable that these last should all be expunged from our Flora.
The detailed descriptions are always original, except in a few cases, where the authority is given.
The author would not forget his friends who have assisted him in contributions to this work. Although their names ap- pear so frequently on its pages, he must express his particu- lar obligations to the following gentlemen : — Prof. Bigelow, and J. Oakes, Esq. for plants of the vicinity of Boston, the White Hills, &c. ; Prof. C. Dewey, Dr.' J. Porter, Dr. Cooley, and the Rev. Mr. Hitchcock, from various parts of Massachusetts ; Dj. E. Ives, Dr. J. Hooker, and Mr. J. B. Brace, from Connecticut; Dr. L. C. Beck, Mr. J.Tracy, and Dr. E. James, from Albany and its neighbourhood ; Dr. M. Stevenson, from the northern parts of the State of New- York ; Dr. J. Barratt, from the Highlands; VVm. Cooper, and A. Halsey, Esqrs. from the vicinity of this city and else- where ; and Capt. Le Conte, Mr. A. Eaton, and the Rev. Mr. Schweinitz, from various parts of the northern and middle States. To the Messrs. Prince, of Flushing, he is indebted for unrestrained access to the Linna^an Botanic Garden ; which extensive collection embraces a large pro- portion of the plants of our country, capable of cultivation. Their establishment merits the extensive patronage it re- ceives.
As this work, from its size, may be inconvenient for rc« ference in the field, or may be too expensive for many bo- tanists, a Compendium, comprising the essential generic and specific characters of all the plants described in the larger Fiora, has been prepared, and will shortly be published.
Should the present undertaking be favourably received by the botanic world, it is the intention of the author to publish a General Flora of North-America, to include all the dis- coveries made since the work of Mr. Pursh, now amounting to many hundred species. Collections are continually making for this purpose, and the aid of botanists in all parts of our country, by the communication of local catalogues, observa- tions, and dried specimens, is respectfully solicited.
N£v)'York, July ^Oth, \B1A.
INDEX
TO THB
Principal Authors quoted in this worTi,
ACT. sec. amlc. vat. cur. Der gesellschaft naturforschender freunde IJ. Uerlin. Neue schnflen. 4to. 1795 — 1801.
.ilct. u/13. Acta Societatis regis scientiarum Upsaliensis. 1744, et seq. 4to,
Jit. ktiv. Hortus Kewerisls ; or, a Catalorfue of the Plants cultivated m the Koyal Botanic Garden at Kevv, by W. Aiton. 3 vol. 8vo. London, 1789.
Jit. ke-w. ed. 2. The second edition, enlarged, by W. Tovvnsend Alton. 5 vol. 8vi). London, 1810—1813.
.imam. acad. Car. Linnsel Amoenitates acadenaicx. 10 vol. 8vo. Holmise, 174o_i769. Erlangse, 1785—1790.
Ann dnmus, A nnales du Museum d'histoire naturelle. 20 vol. 4to. Paris, 1802—1813.
Arm gen. des scienc. phys. Annales generales des sciences physiques. 9 vol. 8V0. Bruselles, 1819—1824, et seq.
Ann lye. nat. hist. Annals of tiie Lyceum of Natural History of New- York. Svo 1823, et seq.
Ann hot. Annals of Botany, by C Konig and J. Sims. 2 vol. Svo. Lon= don, 1805—1806.
Bart fi phil C )mpendium Florae Philadelphicae, by W. P. C. Barton. Philadelphia, 1818.
veg. mat. med. Id. Vegetable materia medica of the United States.
2 vol. 4to. Philadelphia, 1817—1819.
— . - /. amcT. sept. Id. A Flora of North-America, illustrated by co- loured figures. 3 vol. 4to. Philadelphia, 1821—1824.
Bolt Jil J um. Bolton, Filices Britannia:. Partes 2, 4to. Leeds and Hud- dersfield, 1785—1790.
Bartram it. Travels tlirough North and South-Carolina, Georgia, Flo- rida, &c. by W. Bartram. " 1 vol. Philadelphia, 1791.
Big. host. Fiorula Bostoniensis ; or, a Collection of the Plants of Boston, and its environs, by Jacob Bigelow. 1 vol. Svo. Boston, 1814.
— — host ed. 2. The same greatly enlarged. 1 vol. Svo. Boeion. 1824.
med. bot. Id. American Medical Botany. 3 vol. Svo. 1817 — 1821-
Bosc. bull. soc. See Bull. Soc Phil.
Boi. mag. The Botanical Magazine, by William Curtis. Svo. London, 1787—1798. Continued by J. Sims. 1799, et seq.
Bot. rep. The Botanist's Repository for new and rare Plants, by H. An- drews. 4to. London, 1797, et seq.
Browne, jam. The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica, by Patrick Browne. 1 vol. fol. London, 1756.
Brown, li. Prodromus florae Novz HoUandis et Insulz van Dleman. vol,
primum, Svo. London, 1810. Bxdl. soc. phil. Bulletin des sciences, par la societe philomatique de Pa- ris. 1771, et seq.
Catesh. car. The Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama
Islands, by Mark Catesby. 2 vol. fol. London, 1741—1743. Can. ic. A. J. CaviniUes icones el descriptiones plantarum. 6 vol. foL
Mau-iti, 1791—1801. C/wis prnd. hyp. Prodromus d'une monographic de la famille des Ilyperi-
cinees, par J. O. Choisy. 4lo. Geneve, 1821. Clay.virg. See Gron. virg. Comm.gas. Commeotarii societatis regiac scientiarum Coettingensls. 4to.
1751—1820. Cem;^. hort. Ilorli mcdici Amstelodamensis rarioruin nlantarum descriptio
INDEX. iX
et icones, pars prima, auctore J. Commelino. l vol. fol. AiTistelodatni, 1697. Pars altera, auctore Caspar Commelino. 1701.
Corn, canad. Jac. Cornuti, Canadensium plantarum aliarumque nondum editarum historia. ivol. 4to. Paris, 1635.
Be Ca7id. cat. h. monsp. Catalogus plantarum horti botanici Monspeli- ensis addito observationum circa species novas aut non satis cognitas fasciculo, auctore A. P. De Candolle. 1 vol. 8vo. Monspelii, 1813.
— -: reg. -veg. Id. Regni vegetabilis systema naturale. 1 vol. Svo
Paris, 1818. 2 vol. 8vo. 1821.
syn. ft. gall. Id. Synopsis plantarum in flora Galliqa descnp-
tarum. l vol. 8vo. Paris, 1806.
astrag. Id. Astragalogia. I vol. 4to. Paris, 1802.
De la roche eryng. Eryngiorum nee non generis novi alepidix historia 1 vol. fol. Paris, 1808.
JDesf. atl. Flora Atlantica, auctore Renato Desfontaines. 2 vol. 4to. Pa- ris, 1790—1799.
Desv jour.bot. Journal de botanique, par Desvaux. Svo. Pans, 1808, et seq.
DiU.elth. Job. Jac. Dillenius, Hortus Elthamensis, 2 vol. fol. London, 1732,.
——muse. Id. Historia muscorum. 1 vol. 4to. Oxonii, 1741.
Don7i cat. Hortus Cantabrigiensis ; or, a Catalogue of Plants, &.c. ed. 10
1 vol. Svo. London, 1223.
Duham. arb. Duhamel du Monceau, traits des arbres et arbustes qui se
cultivent en France en pleine terre. 2 vol. 4to. Paris, 1755. Seconde
Edition considerablement augmentee. 1801. Bun. sol. Histoire naturelle medicaieet ^conomique des Solanum et des
genres qui ont ete confondus avec eux. 1 vol. 4to. Montpellier, 1816. Bu Roi harbk. J- Phil. Du Roi, Harbkesche wilde baumzucht. 2 vol. 8vo,.
Braunschweig, 1771 — 1772. Eat. man. A Manual of Botany for the Middle an4 Norlhcrn States ct
America, ed. 3. 1 vol. l2mo. Albany, 1822. Edin. phil.jour. The Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, ed. by Dr. Brewste'v
and Prof. Jameson, vol. 10, Svo. 1819—1824. Ehrh. beitr. Frid. Ehrhart, Beltrjcge zur naturkunde. 7 vol. Svo. llano-
ver, 1787—1792. Elliott sk. A Sketch of the Botany of South-Carolina and Georgia, by
Stephen Elliott. 2 vol. 8vo. Charleston, 1817—1824. Eng. hot. English Botany, by J. E. gmilb and J. Sowerby. 20 vol. Svo
London, 1790—1814. '"I. dan. Icones plantarum sponte nascentinra In regnis Dam^ et Nor-
vegiae, etc. edita: a G. C. Oeder, F. MiiUer, M. Vahl, et J. W. Hornemann,
8 vol. Hafnise. 1761—1816. Fl. peruv. Vid. Ruiz and Pav. Cxrt. de fr. & sem. Jos. Gaertner, de fructibus et semiaibus plantarum.
2 vol. 4to. Lipsiz, 1788—1791.
Gxrt.carp. G. F- Gsertner, Carpologia. lvol.4t{). Lipsix, 1805— 1307. Gen.pl. Car. a Linne, Genera plantarum, ed. Svo- curante J.C. D. Schre-
ber. 2 vol. Svo. Francof Mcen, 1789—1791. Gmel. sib. J. G. Gmelin, Flora Sjbirica. 4 vol. Svo. Petropoli, 1747—1769. Gmel. syst. Caroli Linn jci, systema nature, edit. Joh. Frid. Gmelin. 10 vol.
Svo. Lugduni, 1796. Gron. virg. J. F. Gronovius, Flora Virginica exhibens plantas quas .1
Clayton in Virginia collegit. ed. 1, 1 vol. Svo. Lugd. Bat. 1743 i
ed. 2. 4to. 1762. ffoj. sal. G. F. Hoffman, Historia salicum. 1 vol. fol. Lipsiae, 1785. Eook.Jl. scot. Flora Scotica, by William Jackson Hooker. 1 vol. Svp.
London, 1B21.
■ exot.Jl. Id. Exotic Flor.i. 1vol. Svo. 1822, et .?eq.
Hort. diff. Vid. Lin. hort. Cliff.
Hort. schoen. Vid. Jacq. hort. Schoen.
Host. gram. Nich. T. Host, Icones et descriptiones gramlnum Ausirla-
corum. 3 vol. fol. Vindobonx, 1801 — 1803.
J INDEX.
Humb & Bonp. ^qiUn. A. de Humboldt et Am, Bonpland, Plantes equi-
J^°q'^ obs^^^i'xrh J Jacquin, Observationes botanic*. 4 fasc. fol. Vin- dobon*. 1774—1771. ,. ^ , . ^ , <• , ,r-„
. hort vind M. Hortus botanicus Vindobonensis. 3 vol- tol. Vm-
dobonx. 1770—1776. . « , n tt- j k
ic. rar. Id. Icoues plantarum ranorum. 3 vol. fol. Vindobonae,
oxal. Id. Oxalis monographia Iconibus illustrata. 1 vol. 4to. Vin-
dobonae, 1792. . ^ ^ . hort. schoen. Id. Plantarum rarlorum horti cacsarei Schoenbrunen.
sis. 4 vol. fol. 1797—1804.
eclog. Jos. F. Jacquin, Eclogx botanica. fol. 1811—1816.
Tour, acad phil- Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- delphia. 3 vol. 8vo. 1817—1824. Continued. Juss.gen. A. L. Jussieu, Genera plantarom secundum ordines naturales
disposita. I vol. Svo- Paris, 1789. Kunth. ryn. Synopsis plantarum quas in itinere ad plagam equinoctialem
orbis novi coUigerunt, A. de Humboldt et Am. Bonpland. 3 vol. 8vo-
Paris, V 1, 1822 ; v. 2, 1823 ; v. 3. 1824. Lagas- gen & spec. nov. A. M. Lagasca, Genera et species plantarum,
qus aut novK sunt, aut nondum recte cognoscuntur. 1 vol. Svo. Ma-
triti, 1816. Lam. enc Encyclopedie Methodique ; botanique par M. de Lamarck. 4
vol.410. P«ris, 1783—1797. — — ill Id. Illustration des genres, pi- 900, et 2 vol. de texte. 4to
Paris, 1791, etsuiv. Lamb. pin. A Description of the Genus Pinus, by Aylmer Bourke Lambert-
1 vol. fol. London, 1803. Lehm aspenf. Plantac e familia Asperifollarum nuciferae, descripsit J. G. C.
Lehmann. partes 2 4to. Berlin, 1818. — — - nicoi. Id. Generis Nicotianarum historia. 1 vol. 4to- Hambur-
gii, 1820. I'fferii. corn. C L- I'Heritier, Cornus. 1 vol. fol. Paris, 1788.
sert. a7ig. Id. Sertum Anglicum. 1 vol. fol. Paris, 1788.
Lin hort. cliff. C- a Linne, v. Linnxus, Hortus Cliffortianus. 1 vol. fol.
Amstelodami, 1737. fl.lapp. Id. Flora Lapponica, ed. 2, cur. J.E.Smith. 1 vol.8 vo.
Londoni, 1792.
sp pi. Id Species plantarum. 2 vol- Svo. Holmise, 1762.
syst. veg. Id. Systema vegetabilium, curante J. E. Murray. 1 vol. Svo.
Gottings. 1784. ——snpp. C. Luinjeus fil, Suppletnehtum plantarum. 1vol. Svo. Bruns«
vigx, 1781. Lin. trant. Transactions of the Linnssan Society of London. 14 vol. 4to,
1791— 1824, etseq. Lob. ic. M de Lobel et P. Pena, Stirpium icones. 2 vol 4to. Antver-
piae, 1581—1591. Marsh, ari. Hump. Marshall, Arbustrum americanum. 1vol. Svo. Phi- ladelphia, 1785. Med. rep. The Medical Repository. 24 vol 8vo. New-York, 1797—1824,
and continued. Mem. du mus. Memoires du Museum d'histoire naturelle. 8 vol 4to.
Paris, 1815—1822, et contin. Mem. wern. soc. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society. 4
vol. Svo. Edinburgh, 1811—1824. Mich.fl. Andr. Michaux, Flora Boreali-americana. 2 vol. Svo. Paris, 1803. ~TT 5'"f' ■<^; ^^- Histoire des chenes de I'Amerique Septentrionale. 3 vol.
fol. Pans, 1801. Mch. f. arb. Histoire des arbres forestiers de I'Amerique Septentrionale.
3 vol. 8vo. Paris, 1810-1813. The same translated into English. 3 vol.
svo. rar IS, 1819.
INDEX. Xl
Michel, gen. Pet. Ant. Michell, Nova plantarum genera. 1 vol. fol
Florentis!, 1729. Mill. ic. Figures of Plants described in the Gardener's Dictionary, by
Philip Miller. 2 vol. fol. London, 1760. Manck. math. C. Mccnch, Methodus plantas horti et agri Maburgensi*
describendi. I vol. 8vo. Maburgi, 1794- Moris, hist. Rob. Morison, Plantarum historia universalis Oxoniensis.
2 vol. fol. Oxonii, 1C80. Muhl. cat. Hen. Muhlenberg, Catalogus plantarum Americae Septen-
trionalis. ed. 2, 1 vol 8vo. Philadelphia, 1818.
■ gram. Id. Descriptio uberior graminum et plantarum calamari-
arum Americae Septentrionalis. 1 vol. Philadelphia, 1817- J^utt gen. The Genera of North-American Plants, and a Catalogue of the
species, to the year 18l7j by Thomas Nuttall. 2 vol. l2mo. Philadel- phia, 1818. Pall ait. P.S.Pallas, Species Astragalorum descriptw et iconibus illus- trate. I vol fol. Lipsia, 1800. P. deBeauv. agroat. Essai d'une nouvelle Agrostographia. 1 vol. 8vo. & 4to.
Paris, 1812. Pall.Jl. ros. Id. Flora Rossica- 2 vol- fol. Petropoli, 1784—1788. Parad. land. The Paradisus Londinensis, containing plants cultivated ia
the metropolis; the descriptions by R. A. Salisbury; the figures by Wil- liam Hooker. 2 vol 4to. 1805—1808. Pers- syn Synopsis plantarum, sen Enchiridiumbotanicum, curante €• H.
Persoon. 2 vol. 12mo. Paris, 1807— 1809. PI. rar. hung Fran. C. Waldstein et P- Kitaibel, Descriptiories et Icone.^
plantarum rariorum Hungnrire. 3 vol fol. Viennie, 1802 — 1812. Pluk. phyt- Leon. Plukenett, Phytographia sive Stirpium illustriorum,
etc. 4to. Londoni, 1691—1692. — — aim. Id.' ^Imagestum botanicum. 1 vol- 4to. Ibid. 1696.
mant. Id- Almagesti botanici mantissa. 1 vol. 4to. Ibid. 1700.
— — umalth. Id. Amaltheum botanicum. 1 vol. 4to. Ibid. 1705. Plum. amer. Carl- Plumier, Description des plantes de I'Amerique. Ivol,
fol. Paris, 1693— 1713. ■ ^l. Id Traite des fougeres de I'Amerique. 1 vol. fol. Paris, 1705. Poir. enc Encyclop6die methodique ; Dictionnaire de botanique, continue
parPoiret, 4vol.4to. 1804—1808. — — ^^Stoc. sup. Id. End. method, supplement au Dictlonn. de botanique.
4 vol 4to. Paris, 1810—1816, et continue. Purshf. Flora America Septentrionalis, by Fred. Pursh. Svol.Svo. Lou- don, 1814. Raf precis des decouv. Precis des decouvertes somologiques ou zoologi-
ques de C. S. Rafinesque- 1 fasc 12mo. Palerme, 1814. Ited.lit. Les Liliacees par P. J. Redoute 8 vol. fol. Paris, 1802— 1816.
Vol. 1—4, text par De CandoUe ; vol. 5—7, par F. De La Roche ; vol. 8,
par A. R. Delille- Bees' cyclop. The new Cyclopedia, edited by Abraham Rees, American ed.;
the botanical articles by J E. Smith. 46 vol- 4to. Rostk June. F. G. Roslkovii, Dessertatio botanica de Juncc 1 vol. 8vo.
Halse, 1801- Roth. cat. A. W. Roth, Catalecta botanica. 3vol.8vo. Lipsiae, 1797— 1805. . ■■■ germ. Id- Tentamen florae Germanics. SvolBvo. Lips ia, 1788 — 1801.
beitr- Id- Beitrage zui' botanik- 8vo. Bremen, 17fe2 — 1783.
Roem. & Schidf. Car- a Linne, Systema vegetabilium, curantibus J. A.
Roemer and J, A. SchuUes. 8 vol. 8vo. Stuttgardtis, 1817—1820, et
continuatio. ■ gen. Id. C a Linne, syst. veg. secund. classes ordines et
genera. 1 vol. Stuttgardtise, 1820. Salisb. stirp. R. A. Salisbury, Icones stirpium rariorum descriptionibus
illustratae. 1 fasc. fol. Londoni, 1791. Scheuch. gram. J. Schevjcbzer, Agro&tographia. lvo].4to^ Tiguri, 17J.9'
:iii
INDEX.
Schk. car. C Schkuhr, Beschrelburg der reldgraesser. 2 vol. 8vo. Wit-
tenberp, 1812. ,^„, .„„^
-i hatib. Id. Botanlsches handbuck. 3 thelle, 8vo. 1791— 180o.
Schh. fil. Id. Abbildungen der FarrnkrSuter. 4to.
Schmidt, arb. Franz Schmidt, CEsterreichs alleigmeine Baumzucht. 2
band.fol. Wieii, 1792— J794. Schrad. Jl. germ. II. A. Schrader, Flora Germanica. 1vol. 8vo. Gotv
tinprse, 1806. Schreb. gram. J. C. D Schreber, Beschreibung der Graser. 2 theil, fol.
Leipzig, 1769—1779. Sill.jonm. The American Journal of Science and the Arts. 8 vol. 8vo.
1816 — 1821, and continuation. Shane jam. A Vo)'age to the Islands of Madeira, Barbadoes, Nevis, St.
Christopher's, Jamaica, &c. 2 vol. fol. London, 1707—1725. Sm. f. brit. J. E. Smith, Flora Britannica. 3 vol. Svo. Londotii, 1800—1804.
exot. hot. Id. Exotic Botany, fasc. 4to. London, 1804—1808.
icon. pict. Id. Icones pictae plantarum rariorum. 3 fasc. fol- Lon- don!, 1790—1793.
icon. ined. Id. Plantarum icones hactenus ineditae, 3 fasc. fol. Lon-
doni, 1789—1791.
spic. Id. Spicilegium botanicum, 2 fasc. fol. Londoni, 1791 — 1792.
Spreng. nmb. C. Sprengel, Plantarum umbelliferarum denuo disponenda-
rum prodromus. 1 vol- 4to. Halae, 1814. — — ■ «(?Me. entd. Id. Neue entdeckungen in ganzen umfang der pflan-
zenkunde. 2 vol. 12mo. Leipzig, 1820— 1821. pi. pug. Id. Plantarum minus cognitarum pugillus primus, 8vo.
Halae, 1813: 2, 1815. S-wartz fl. ind. occ. Ol. Swartz, Flora Indiae occidentalis. 3 vol. Svo.
Elang.ie, 1797—1806.
icon. Id. Icones plantarum Indiae occidentalis, 1 fasc. fol. Elan-
gae, 1794.
— obs. Id. Observationes botanicae. 1 vol. Svo, Elangae, 1791.
fl. Id. Synopsis filiciim earum genera etspecierum. 1 vol. Svo.
Kiliae, 1806. Trans, amer. phil. soc. Transactions of the American Philosophical So- ciety. 6 vol. 1771—1809. Torre-u cat. pi. JV. Yopk. A Catalogue of Plants growing spontan^ijsly
within 30 miles of the city of New-York. 1 vol. Svo. Albany, IM^ Tre-a. pi. rar Plantae rariores, curavit J. J. Trew. 1 vol- fol.qjOTim-
bergte, 1763- Trin. agrost. C B. Trinius, Fundamenta Ag^ostographla, sive Theoria
constructionis floris graminei, &c. 1 vol. Svo. Vienuae, 1820. Vahl. enum. M. Vahl, Enumeratio plantarum. 2 vol. Svo. Hauniae,
1805-1806.
symb. Id. Symbolae botanicae, 3 fasc fol. Hauniae, 1790— 1794-
Vent eels. Description des plantes nouvellesoupeu connues du jardin de
J- M. Cels, avec figures, par E. P. Ventenat. Paris, 1800.
clwix. Id. Choix des plantes, 10 fasc- fol- Paris, 1803-1808-
Wahl. fl. iGpp- G- Wahlenberg, Fl. Lapponica. 1vol. Svo- Berolini, 1802 Walt. car. Flora Caroliniana, auctore Thorn. Walter- 1 vol. 8vo. Lon-
doni, 1788. Wang. amer. F. A. J. Wangenheim, Anpflanzung nordamericanischer
holzarten. 1vol. fol- Gottingen, 1787. Willd. sp- pi. C L- Willdenow, Species plantarum C. Linnsei, ed. post
Reichard quinta. 5vol.8vo Berolini, 1797— 1810-
. aniar. Id. Historia Amaranthorum. 1 vol. fol. Turici, 1790.
hort. ber. Id. Hortus Berolinensis, fasc fol. Berolini, 1806—1810.
' enum. Id. Enumeratio plantarum hort. bolan. Berolinensis. 2 voL
Zxo. Berol. 1809. Supp. 1813,
CLASS I. M O N A N D 11 I A.
ORDER I. MONOGYNIA-
I.SALICORNIA. L.
/^y/ZFX turbinate, entire, somewhat ventricose, sue- culent. Corolla o. Stamens 1, 2. Style bifid; seed 1, covered by the inflated calyx. Gen. pi. 14. Roemer £i? Sc/iultes gen. 31. Jtiss. p. 86. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 2. Lam. 111. t. 4. Nat Ord. Atriplices. Juss. Stems leafless, with opposite branches. Glass-wort. Marsh Samphire.
1. S. herbacea L.: annual; stem erect, or branched;
joints connpressed, notched at the summits; spikes penduncled:
cal} X truncate. W i 1 1 d. Spec. \. p. 23. M i c h. FL I. p. 1 .
Big. Bast, p, 2. Pursh FL I. p. 2. Ell. Sk. I. p. 3.
Ro em. 4" S chill t. I. p. 38. S. virginica L. Syst. veg.
p. 52. Willd. Spec, I. p. 25. Pursh FL I. p. 2.
C I ay 1 071 Virg, p. 1.
Root fibrous or fusiform. Stem 6 to 10 inches high, more or less branched, succulent; branches jointed and succulent, the sum- mit of each joint with 2 pretty sharp teeth. Flowers in threes at each joint, very minute. Stamens always 2, expanding at different times ; anthers didymous, yellow. Germ, ovate ; styles very short ; stigmas glandular. Hab. In salt marshes, common. August — September. On the Salt-Lake of Onondaga, New-York. Pursh. The S. virginica of Linnseus does not appear to differ in any respect from the European S. herbacea., except in being less branched, ■which is a character of no importance. The con nion species of this vicinity varies considerably, being sometimes aimost simple, sometimes very nmch branched. 1
2 MONANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. salicornia,
2. S.ambigm Mich.: perennial, procumbent, branch- ing ; joints crescent-shaped, small ; spikes opposite and alter- nate ; calyx truncate. Elliott Sk.l. p. 4. M i c h. FL I. p. 2. Pursh FL\. p.^. Roem. ^ Schull. \. p, 39 & 41 ! {bis.)
Root fibrous, creeping. S(em procumbent and ascending. Flowers, cahjx, and Jilaments, as in the preceding. Anthers purplish yellow. Germ, short, ovate. Styles 2 or o. Stigmas 2, obtuse, glandular. Elliott. \.c. ^ or ^ . Hab. In sedgy salt-meadows. New-Jersey to Carolma. Pursh. New-York and New- Jersey. Mu hlenberg. Intermediate between S. Aer^crfa and yr«/fcosa Z.. Mich. This species I insert on the authorities above quoted. I have found a Sali- cornia on the sea-coast of Long-Island, which was a little fru- tescent at the base, but it was evidently a variety of S. her- bacea.
2. HIPPURIS. L.
Calyx entire, very small. Corolla o. Style received into a groove of the anther. Stigma simple. Seed 1. Ge7i. pi 15. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 3. Juss. p. 18. Ann. du Mus. III. t. 3. f. 3. Roem. ^ Sc limit. Gen. 32. La 772. III. t. 5. Nat. Ord. Naiades. Ju s s. Mares- tail.
H. vulgaris L. ; leaves verticillate, in eights, linear-lan- eeolate, acute. Willd. Spec 1. p. 26. Mich, FL L p. 1. Pursh Fl.l. p. 3. Eng, Bot, t. 763. Roem, ^~ Schult. I. p. 41.
Stem a foot or more high, the lower part floating, simple, articu- late. Leave's almost linear, those on the emerged part of the stem about three-fourths of an inch long, narrowed at the base, with an obscure nerve along the middle ; submerged leaves much longer and more crowded. Flowers situated in the axils of the leaves ; calyx very minute, crowning the germen» Stamen growing out of the side of the minute calyx ; ^lament short, flat; anther oblong, formed of two rounded lobes, through which the style passes, purple ; stigma simple, glan- dulous. Ri/ie seed not seen. Hab. In a pond near Schenectady, New- York, in company with the remarkable Bidens Beckii.* August. In ditches and small ponds. Canada to Pennsylvania. Pursh. In Penn- sylvania, flowers in May I Muhlenberg.**
The only American locality of this plant with which I am acquainted, is that near Schenectady, discovered about four
•• The specimen of Hippunis vulgaris in Muhlenberg's Herbari- um is -probably not native, as the handwriting is the same as that on the labels of many undoubted foreign specimens in that collection.
sippURis. MONANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. S
years since by Dr. L. C. Beck, a gentleman to whom I am under many obligations for his valuable contributions to this work. From a careful comparison of the American Hififiuris with numerous specimens of H. -vulgaris of Europe, I have little doubt of their identity. The former has, according to the observations of Dr. Beck, pretty constantly eight leaves in each whorl, though Michaux describes it as having six. Pursh remarks {Fl. 11. p. 774) that he compared speci- mens of Hififiuria vulgaris from Hudson's Bay, with the European species, and found them entirely distinct. Are there two species of this genus in North-America ?
ORDER II. D I G Y N I A.
3. CALLITRICHE. L.
Calyx inferior, 2-leaved. Corolla o. Capsule 2- celled, 4-seeded, compressed. Gen.pl. 17. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 3. Jiiss. p. 19. Roem. y Schult. Gen. 39. Lam. Ill t. 5. Nat. Ord. Naiades. Ju s s. Leaves opposite, flowers axillary, sometimes monoicous, " seed 4, naked." Smith. Nut tall.
Water- Chickweed.
1. C. vtrna 0, intermedia Willd.: upper leaves spa-
tulate-obovate, inferior ones linear, obtuse, and emarginate ;
flowers polygamous; margin of the seed obtuse. Willd.
Enum. H.Berol. I. p. 8. Ro em. i^ S c hult. ]. p. 46.
C aquatic a Big. Bost. p. 2. C. heterophylla Pursh Fl.
I. p. 3. Elliott Sk. 1. p. 46. C. ver7ia Mich. Fl. I.
p. 2. Muhl. Cat. p. 1. Walt. Car. p. 69.
Root annual, fibrous. Stefrt floating, composed of two tubes, nearly simple, in deep water sometimes two or three feet long. Leaves two to each joint, the uppermost ones crowded into a stellated tuft, obscurely 3-nerved, the lower ones gradually be- coming narrower till they are quite linear. Flowers solitary, the uppermost ones stameniferous, the middle ones perfect, and the lowest fertile ; calyx (corolla, L in. &c.) white, leaves lan- ceolate, as long as the germen, but shorter than the ripe cap- sule. Stamen 1 ; (rarely 2 ;) JUament as long as the germen ; anther oblong, didymous. Germen quadrangular, compressed and emarginate, twice as long as the subulate styles : capsule 2-parted ; seeds oblong. Hab. Very common in shallow waters, stagnant or flowing. April — August.
I MOiNANDKlA. DIGYNIA. calhtrighe.
2. C.aufumnalis L. : leaves all linear, 1 -nerved, truncated or emarginate, seeds with acute margins; flowers perfect. Wilid. Spec. 1. p. 29. Mich. Fl. I. p- i'. Roem. <$/• Schult. I. p. 47. C. linearis Pursh Fl. I. p. 3.
Fooc annual. Siem floating, somewhat branched, bifistulous and diaphanous. Leaves spreading, very narrow, generally emar- gbate, or slightly bifid at the end ; the uppermost ones some- what lanceolate and 3-nerved. Calyx shorter than the ger- men, obtuse ? Cu/isule very short, margin more or less acute, (membranaceous in the European plant. JVa hi end erg.) Hab. In similar situations with No. 1, and perhaps not a distinct species. In a pc-nd near Williamsburg, Long-Island. In small streams about Williamstown, Massachusetts. Dewey.
3. C. terrestris R af. : procunfibent, diffused ; leaves ob- long, uniform, rather obtuse ; capsule grooved on the margin. Raftnesque in Med. Repos. XI. p. 358. Roem, ir Schult. 1. p. 47. Muhl. Cat.^. ll DesvauxJour. de Bat. I. p. 223. C. brevifolia P ur s h FIA. ^. 3. Roe m, <$-• Schult. 1. c.
Rooe annual. Siem creeping, densely covering the earth on Avhich it grows. Leaves crowded, short, obtuse, succulent, nerves obsolete. Flowers polygamous, the upper ones per- fect. Cafisule very short and broad, emarginate, with a deep groove as if a re-entering angle on the margin. Stamen very short. Styles 2, recurved. Hab. In swamps and on the muddy borders of ponds and rivers. June — August. On the banks of the Passaic, New-Jersey. Near Babylon, Long-Island. In muddy places in New-Jersey. R afi n e s q ue. Sandy barren grounds near mill-ponds. New-York to Virginia. P urs h. In Pennsylvania. Muh l- enb erg\
4. BLITUM. L.
Calyx 3-cleft. Corolla o. Seed 1, covered by the Ciilyx, wliicli enlarges, and becomes a berry. Gen. pi. 18. JVutt. Gen. I. p. 4. Roe?n. ^ Schult. Gen. 40. Jtiss. Gen. p. 86. La?ju III. t. 59. Nat. Ord. Atriplices. Juss.
1. B. capitatum L.: procumbent: leaves triangular-has- tate; heads alternate, in a terminal leafless spike. Mich, Fl. I. p. 2. Willd. Spec. I. p. 30. Pursh FL I. p. 4. Roem. ir Schult. I. p. 48.
Root annual. Stem a foot high, branched. Leaves with acute angles, deeply toothed. Heads round, sessile, about a fourth of an inch in diameter, approximated on the extremities of the branches, consisting of 30 or 40 minute flowers. Segments of
TjLiTUM. MONANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 5
the calyx ovate, spreading, becoming succulent and red when ripe. Stamen longer than the gernien ; anther didymous. StTjle very short ; stigmas simple. Seed ovate, compressed. Hab. In fields and w^aste places, rare. June. Near Williams- tov/n, Massachusetts. Dewey. Resembles a CAeno/zoc/zMm, Sometimes called Strawberry Sfiinach. Introduced from Europe.
2. B. virgatum L. : leaves triangularly hastate ; heads scattered, lateral. Willd, Spec. I. p. 30. Muhl. Cat. p. 3. R 0 em. ^ S chult. \. ^. 48.
Root annual. Stem spreading, branched. Leaves 2-3 inches long, with large sinuate teeth ; petioles shorter than the leaves. Flowers in axillary heads, always lateral, calyx as in the preced- ing species, swelling and becoming red, resembling a straw- berry.
Hab. In similar situations with No. 1, which it much resembles. Doubtless introduced.
3. B. maiitimum J^utt.: calyx membranaceous; clus- ters axillary, spiked, naked 5 leaves lanceolate, attenuated at each extremity, incisely toothed. Nutt. Gen. Supp. Torrey Cat. PL N. York. p. 1.
Root annual. Stem a foot or two high, erect, much branched. Leaves succulent, attenuated into a petiole, teeth few and large- Heads axillary, numerous ; flowers very minute. Calyx^ 3- leaved, leaves concave, obtuse, rather longer than the germen. Stamen 1 ; anther minute, didymous. Styles 2, short, simple, (" Style 1." J^u 1 1.) Seed lenticular, vertical.
Hab. In salt-marshes. Hoboken, New-Jersey. On Long- Island, near New-York. J^u t tall. An unsightly plant, re- sembling an Atrifilex.
CLASS II. D I A N D R I A.
ORDER I. MONOGYNI A.
A. Floiucrs complete, inferior, l-petaUed. t. Fruit a drupe or nut.
5. LIGUSTRUM. 6. CHIOXAXTHUS.
7. ORNUS.
ft. Fruit a capsule.
8. VERONICA. 12. HEMIAKTHUS.
9. LEPTANDRA. 13. CATALPA.
10, GRATIOLA. 14. JUSTICIA.
11. LINDERNIA. 15. UTRICULARIA.
t+f. Seeds 4, naked. (Labiatce),
IG. LYCOPCS. 19. MOXARDA.
17. CUXILA. 20. SALVIA.
18. HEDEOMA. 21. COLLIXSOMA.
B. Flozcers superior, t. complete.
22. CIRCAEA.
ft. incomplete.
23. LEMNA. 24. CRYPTA.
5. LIGUSTRUM. L.
Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla 4-cleft. Berry 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Gen. pi. 23. Roem. ^J' Schult. Gen. I. p. 52. Juss. p. 106. Lam. III. t. 7. Nat. Ord. Jasmines. Juss.
LiGusTRUM. DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 7
L. vulgare L. : leaves elliptical-lanceolate, smooth ; ra- cemes compound, crowded. Sp. pi. p. 10. Willd, Spec. I. p. 41. Ejig. Bot,t.l64. Mich. Fl.l. ^. 3. Pursh Fi. 1. p. 7. Big. Bost. p. 5. A shrub 4 to 6 ieet high, with smooth opposite leaves and branches. Flowers in terminal panicles, white; calyx very small, with obtuse, almost obsolete teeth ; corolla funnel-form, tube cylindrical, much longer than the calyx, segments ovate, obtuse. Filaments opposite ; anthers as long as the tube of the corolla. Berries black, nearly round. Hab. In hedges and open woods. Seldom found far from the habitations of men. Common in many places near New-York, particularly in woods on Long-Island. May. Introduced from Europe. Prim or Privet.
6. CHIONANTHUS. L.
Calyx 4-parted. Corolla deeply 4-parted, segments long and linear. Drupe 1 -seeded. Nut striated. Gen. pi 13. Nutt. Ge?i. I. p. 5. Juss. p. 105. Roem. ££f Schult. Gen. I. p. 51. Lam. III. t. IX. Nat. Ord. Jasmines. Juss. Fringe-tree.
C. virginica L.: racemes terminal, peduncles 3-flower-
ed; leaves acute. Willd. Spec. I. p. 46. Mich. Fl. I.
p. 3. Pursh Fl.\. 1^.1. Elliott Sk. I. ip.6. Roem.
&; Schult. I. p. 72. Walt. Car. p. 60. Amelanchier
virg. &LC. Catesb. Car. I. p. 68. t. 68. «. montana ; leaves oval-lanceolate, coriaceous, smooth ; panicles dense ; drupe oval. Pursh Fl, I.e. C. -virg. latifolia. A i t. Keiv. I. p. 23. $. maritima ; leaves obovate-lanceolate, membranaceous, pubes- cent; panicles very loose, drupe elliptical. Pursh 1, c. Cvirg. angustifolia. Ait. Kenv I.e.. A small tree, 6, 10, or more feet high, with numerous opposite branches, and large pendulous panicles of white flowers. Calyx very minute, 4-cleft. Corolla sometimes 5 or 6-cleft {Per- s con); segments lanceolate-linear, about three-fourths of an inch long. Stamens very short, subulate. Germen ovate; style as long as the calyx ; stigma 3-cleft. Drufie purple. Hab. Var. a. in mountains of Pennsylvania; /3. on the sea-coast, in boggy woods, New-Jersey. May — June. Pursh. Near Port-Elizabeth, New -Jersey, Z. Collins, Esq. found a tree 30 feet high ; probably the var. (S. Fringe-tree. White Ash.
7. ORNUS. Dalech.
Calyx 4-parted. Corolla 4-parted ; petals long and ligulate. Filaments 4. JVut winged. Pers. I. p. 9. Pursh FL I. p. 6. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 6, Fraxi-
8 DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. ornus.
Nus sp. L. Nat. Ord. Jasmine.^. Juss. Fhwer- ing Ash.
0. amtricana Pursh: leaves broad-ovate, serrated; the terminal one obcordate. Pursh Fl. I. p. 8. O. Eu- ropma ^. americana Pers. SyruU. p. 105.
Flowers reseniblint^ those of Chionanthus ; seeds small, winged. Hab. In moist shady woods; Maryland and Virginia; rare.
May. Pursh. With this plant I am entirely unacquainted.
It docs not appear to have been described by any botanists
except P^^rsoon and P«rs A, and the habitat is not even
mentioned by the former.
8. VERONICA. L,
Calyx 4-partcd. Corolla rotate, 4-lobed, unequal, the lovVer segment narrower. Capsule 2-celled, obcor- date ; seeds' few. Gen. pi. 32. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. 6. Juss. Roem. ^ Schiilt. Geii.l. p. 53. Lam. Ill t. XIII. f. 1. ■ Nat. Ord. Rhinanthace^. J II s j.. Speedwell.
1. V. officinalis L.: spike lateral, peduncled. leaves ob- ovate, or obovate-subrotund, serrated, hairy ; stem procumbent, rooting below. !Vi lid. Spec. 1. p. 59. M i c h. Fl. \. p. 5. Pursh Fl. 1. p. iO. Elliott Sk. I. p. 8. Eng. Bot. t. 765. Roem. i>- Schult. I. p. 1 1 0.
Root perennial. Stem diffuse, with the branches ascending. Leaves opposite, on short peduncles, scabrous, pale green. Sfiikes erect, generally proceeding from the lower part of the stem. Corolla pale blue, with darker veins. Cafisule much compressed, pubescent ; seeds 8 — 10, nearly round, flattened, yellow.
Hab. In dry woods; more rarely in meadows. Hoboken, New- Jersey. Common in the vicinity of Philadelphia. Near Al- bany. Dr. L. C. Beck and Mr. Tracy. June— July. Introduced ?
2. V. strpyllifolia L.: raceme elongated, many-flower- ed ; leaves ovate, crenate, smooth ; capsule as long as the style; stem ascending. Willd. Spec. 1. p. 64. Mich. Fl. I. p. 4. Big. Bost. p. 5. Pursh Fl. 1. p. 11. Elliott Sk. I. p. 8. Walt. Car. p. 60. Clayton Virg. p. 2. Eng. Bot. t. 1075. Roerr^. ^ Schult. I. p. 102.
Root perennial. Ste7n procumbent at base, 5 — 6 inches long. Leaves opposite, as in all the rest, nearly sessile, rather fleshy. Racemes with somewhat distant flowers. Corolla pale blue,
VERONICA. DiANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 9
sometimes almost white, with darker coloured veins. Capsule broadly obcordate ; seeds 15 — 20, ovale, compressed. Hab. Among grass, in meadows, road-sides,- Sec; very com- mon. May. Probably introduced.
3. V. Beccabunga L.: racemes opposite; leaves ellip- tUcal, obtuse, on short petiole?, subsenate, glabrous ; stem procumbent, rooting at the base. IV i 1 1 d. Spec. I, p. 64. Pursh FL\, p. li. M u h L Cat. p. 2. Eng. Bot. t. 635. Roem. <^ Schult. I. p, 105.
Root perennial. Stem about a foot long, throwing out roots at the base, terete, smooth. Leaves decurrent into a short pe- tiole. Racemes erect, axillary, arising from near the extre- mity of the stem, beai'ing numerous flowers ; bracts lanceo- late, shorter than the pedicels. Calyx rather obtuse. Corolla, blue. Cafisule inflated.
Hab. In ditches and small creeks. Near Albany. Dr. E. James. Mr. Tracy. Williamstown, Massachusetts. Prof. Dewey. In Pennsylvania, i^/u /We 7i 6 erj-. June. Brook- lime.
4. V. anagallis L.: racemes opposite; leaves lanceo- late, serrate ; stem erect. Willd. Spec. I. p. 65. Mich. Fl.hp.5. Pursk Fl.l. p. lU E llio 1 1 Sk. I. ip. 0. Eng. Bot. t. 721. Roem. <^ Schult. I. p. 105. Vero- nica foliis inferioribus oppositis ovatis ; &c. Cold. pL Coldenham. No. 1.
Root perennial. Stem succulent, somewhat 4-sided, a foot or more high. Leaves about an inch and a half long, very smooth ; the upper ones nearly sessile, the others on short petioles. Racemes longer than in the preceding species ; peduncles somewhat hairy, nearly as long again as the bracts ; Jiowers pale blue. Calyx as long as the capsule ; segments acute. Capsule inflated, eraarginate. Seeds numerous, ovate, com- pressed.
Hab. In ditches and creeks ; common. June — August.
5. V. sculellata L. : racemes lateral and alternate ; (rarely opposite;) pedicels divaricate; leaves linear, somewhuS toothed ; stem nearly erect, W i 1 1 d. Spec. I. p. 75. M i c h. Fl. I. p. 5. Purs h r/. I. p. 1 1 . Bi g. Bost. p. 5. Eng, Bof. t.72G. Roan. <$/• Schult. II. p. 106. V. caulibus procumbentibus, &c. Cold.pl. Coldenham. No. 2.
Root creeping, perennial. Stem weak, often branched and dif- fuse, about a foot high. Leaves opposite, narrow-linear, or linear-lanceolate, 14^ — 2 inches long, remotely denticulate, or rarely almost entire, rather fleshy, 1 -nerved. Racemes axil- lary, filiform, pendulous and divaricate after flowering. Bracts subulate, shorter than the pedicels. Segments of the calyx lanceolate and acute. Qorolla pale blue, or flesh-coloured ;
:0 DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. vERo^-rc£..
segments ovate-subrotund. Capsule nearly orbicular, much compressed. Hau. In wet meadows and inundated places; common. May- June.
6. V. arveyisis L. : flowers solitary, subsessile ; inferior leaves petiolcd, cordate-ovate, serrate; (stem-leaves crenate;) floral ones lanceolate, sessile, longer than the peduncles f segments of the calyx unequal ; capsule obcordate, com- pressed. JVi I Id. Spec, I. p. 73. M i c h. FL I. p. 4. Pu rsh /"/. I. p. 11. Elliott Sk.\. ^.'d, Walt. Car, ip. 61. C lay. Firg.^.2. Etig, Bot. t,734r, R o em. ^- S c hul i. 1. p. 125.
Root fibrous, annual. Stem procumbent and ascending, 2 to 8 inches long, more or less branched. Leaves, as well as the stem, pubescent. Corolla pale blue, shorter than the calyx. Capsule much compressed, with 6 to 8 seeds in each cell.
Hab. On dry hills, and in fields; not rare. April — August Introduced from Europe.
7. V. agreslis L, : flowers solitary, peduncled ; leaves petioled, cordate-ovate, serrate ; segments of the calyx equal, ovate, hairy ; stem procumbent, pubescent. Willd. Specie, p. 72. Muhl, Cat, p. 2. Elliott S/c. I. p. y. Eng. Bot, t. 783. Roem, ^ He hull, I. p. 125.
7?oor fibrous, annual. tS^fm diffuse, branched. Xeat/fs alternate, round-ovate, shorter than the petioles. Peduncles about the length of the leaves, recurved after the fruit is formed. Seg- ments of the calyx 3-nerved, ciliate. Corolla pale blue, with deep blue veins ; sometimes nearly white. Capsule a little turgid, emarginate; seeds about 8 in each cell, each with a deep pit.
Hab. In dry sandy fields near New- York ; rare. May.
W. Y. peregrina L. : flowers solitary, sessile ; leaves ob- long, serrate, rather obtuse ; stem erect. Willd. Spec. 1. p. 76. Mich. FL\.p.^. Pursh Fl.l.p.ll. Elliott SA. 1. p. 10. Roem. ^ Schxilt. I. p. 122. Y . marilan- dica Murr, Comm. Golt. 1782. t. 3. V. caroliniana Walt. Car. p. 61, V. carnulosa Lam. Ill, I. p. 47. V. romana Lin, Mant. p. 317.
The whole plant is smooth. Root annual. Stem simple, or branched at the base. Radical leaves ovate, decurrent into a petiole ; those on the stem sessile and much narrower. Seg- ments of the calyjc linear-lanceolate. Corolla very small, whiter or pale blue. Capsule obcordate, compressed. Seeds shining. Hab. In low clayey situations ; frequent. May — July.
9. Y.hcderifulia L.: flowers solitary; leaves equalling \he petiole?, cordate-round, 5-lobedj the upper ones 3-lobcd ;
VERONICA. DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. , 11
segments of the calyx cordate, ciliate, acute ; stem procum- bent. fViUd. Spec, I. p. 73. Muhl. Cat. p. 2. Eng. BoL 784. Roem, ^ Schult. I. p. 121.
Roj( fibrous, annual. Stem diffuse, pubescent, reniform-cordate, hairy, and a liltle fleshy. Calyx somewhat 4-angled when the fruit is ripe ; margin only ciliate, the rest smooth ; segments converging. Corolla blue, caducous, smaller than the calyx. CatisiUe somewhat 4-sided, ventricose. Seeds '2 in each cell, large and urceolate. Hab. Among the shady rocks on the hills between Bergen and Weehawk, New-Jersey. Near Brooklyn, Long-Island. In Delaware. Muhle nb erg. One of our first spring plants, frequently flowering as early as the 28th of March.
10. V. reniformis R af. : stem procumbent hispid ; leaves sessile, reniform, entire, hairy, villose ; flowers axillary, soli- tary, subsessile. Raf. in Med. Repos. XI. p. 360. R. in D esv. Jour, de Bot. 1 808. I. p« 228. Roem. i^ Schult. }. p. 127. (excl. syn. Pursli).
Root annual, fibrous. Stems few, terete, villose, nearly simple, procumbent. Leaves alternate, subsessile. Segments of the calyx ovate, somewhat acute. Corolla white, or pale blue ; segments rounded, obtuse. Capsule compressed, smooth. Raf. Hab. In sandy soils. New-Jersey. Flowers in summer. R afi ne a q ue.
With this species I am unacquainted. It is probably th.e V. arvensis of this work.
9. LEPTANDRA. Nutt.
Ca/z/x 5 -parted; segments acuminate. Corolla lu- bular-campanulate ; border 4-lobed, a little ringent; the lower segment narrower. Stamens^ and at length the pistils, much exserted. Capsule ovate, acuminate, 2-celled, opening at the summit ? Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 7. Callistachya Raf in esq. Veronica, spec. Lin. Nat. Ord. ANxiRRiiiNEiE {Nutt.) Rhi-
NANTHACE.(E?
L. virginica JV*. : leaves verticillate, in fours or fives, lanceolate, serrate, petiolate. Veronica virginica Lin. Willd. Sped. p. 54. Mich. F/. I. p. 5. Pursh Fl. 1. p. 10. Elliott Sk. I. p. 10. Clayt. Virg. p. 2. Pluk. aim. t. 70. f. 2. Roem. ^ Schult. I. p. 67. Callistachva virginica Raf, Cat. PI. J^. York. p. 10. Eat. Man. Bot. p. 183.
lii DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. leptandra.
Root perennial. Stem angular, 2—3 feet high, smooth, simple. Leaves trenerally in fours, sometimes in sixes, sharply serrate^ a little pubescent beneath. Flowers in long, dense, terminal spikes. Coro/Za wliite, tubular, pubescent within. Filaments much longer than the corolla, at length divaricate ; anthers cor- date, didymous, white. Style at length exceeding the stamens, persistent ; stig?na capitate, entire. Cafisule with 2 marginal nerves contrary to the dissepiment ; valves opening about half way down {J^u 1 1.;) seeds numerous, obovate, compressed.
Hab. In woods and fertile vallies. July— August. Culver's Physic.
The Veronica virginica was many years since proposed as the type ot a new genus by Co Id en,* and afterwards by R afi ne sque, who called it Callistachya. I should have adopted his name, had it not been already applied to a South- American genus. This species is said to be also a native of Japan, which seems hardly probable. " Non, ut Heist er suasit, genus proprium." Roem. Isf Sc hult. 1. c.
10. GRATIOLA. L.
Calyx 5-parted, often with i2 bracts at the base. Corolla irregular, resupinate, 2-Iipped ; the upper lip 2-lobed ; the lower equally 3 -cleft. Stamens 4, two of which are sterile. Stignia 2-lippcd. Capsule 2- celled, 2-valved.t Gen. pi 37. Nutt. Gen. p. 8» Juss. p. 121. Roem. £:? Schult. Gen. 10. Lam. III. t. XVI. f. 1. Nat. Ord. Personate L. ScROPHULARiiE J u s s. Dissepiment contrary to the valves. Hedge Hyssop.
1. G. aurta M u h I. : snnooth ; leaves linear-oblong, half embracing the stem, obscurely toothed ; leaves of the calyx equal; sterile filaments minute. Pvrsh Fl. I. p. 12. Muhl. Co/, p. 2. Big, Bost.^.Q. Elliott Sk,\.^ IS. Bart. Fl.Amer,Sej)t.\,^.l\.i.'2(i. Roem. ^ Schult, I. p. 129. G. officinalis Mich, Fl. I. p. 6. G. Carolini- ensis Pers, Sy)i. I. p. 14.
Root perennial, creeping. Stem herbaceous, 8 — 12 inches high,
somewhat quadrangular, 2-furrowed, rooting at the base.
Leaves obtuse or acute, obscurely 3-nerved, dotted with
minute glands, with 2 or 3 remote teeth on each side.
• Haec planta tota facie a Veronicis diversa : et cum partis fructificatio- nis etiam diversx sunt, ad diversum genus referenda, vel dislinctum genus. cons' ituendum. C olden pi Coldenham. in Act. Upsal. an. 1742, p. 83.
f " Laps, quadrivalvis, dissepimento e marginibu^ inflexis, tardius so- labilibus." Ji. lira ion Prod. FL JV. mil.
urvATiOLA. DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 13
Floivers on axillary peduncles, which are at first shorter, h\\^ Afterwards longer, than the leaves, alternate, (rarely oppo- site,) pubescent. Bracts as long as the calyx. Corolla bright yellow, pubescent. Filaments inserted into the tube of the corolla ; the st,erile ones inferior, hardly apparent. Capsule ovate, rather shorter than the calyx. Seeds minute, rough. Hab. In wet sandy situations. In woods and on the borders of ponds on Long-Island. Common throughout the sandy swamps of New- Jersey. Near Boston. Bi g e I oiv. Litchfield, Con- necticut. Brace. August — September. Golden-fiert. It is remarkable that the sterile filaments in this species should have been overlooked by Pursh, Big el oiv ^ and •Michaux, who all remark that they are wanting.
2. G. xirginica L. : stem pubescent, assurgent, terete; leaves smooth, lanceolate, sparingl)' dentate-serrate, attenu- ate and coanate at the base ; leaves of the calyx equal; ste- rile filaments wanting. Torrey Cat.pl. K. York, p. 89, (sub G. neglect.) '■'■ G. virginiana Herb. Lin.'''' Smith. Willd. Spec. I. p. 104. Pursh Ft. ]. p. 12. Walt. Car. p. 62. Roem. ^ Schnlt. I. p. 30. (excl. sjn. Vahl.) G. foliis lanceolatis, &LC, O r o n. xirg. p. 3. G. rirginica Herb. Muhlenberg.
Root fibrous, perennial. Stem about 6 inches high, branched at the base, terete. Leaves broad-lanceolate, smooth, rather obtuse, a little connate. Peduncles varying in length, some shorter, others longer than the leaves; the upper ones oppo- site. Segments of the cahjx lanceolate, obtuse, a little more than one-third the length of the corolla. Tube of the corolla curved, yellow; throat hairy; segments all emarginate, white; the upper one longer. Filaments shorter than the tube. Stig- ma oblique, compressed. Capsule ovate, rather acute, about as long as the calyx.
Hab. In inundated meadows. July — August. Allied to G. s/ihxrocarfia F 1 1.
This species appears to differ from the G. virginica of Flliott, and was named G. neglecta by me in the Catalogue of N. York Plants. Having, however, sent specimens to Sir J. E. Smith for examination, this excellent botanist obligingly compared them with the Linn^an Herbarium, and informs me it is " precisely the authentic G. virginiana from Ka I m." The southern plant differs from ours in having sterile fila- ments^ a smooth stem, See.
3. G.megalocarpa Ell.: leaves lanceolate, serrate, pu- bescent; peduncles opposite, longer than the leaves ; leaves of the calyx linear, as long as the globose capsule. Elliott Sk. I. p. 16. G. acuminata Pursh Fl. \. p. 12. (excl. syn.)
Flowers pale yellow. Capsule larger than in any other Gra- tiola. P/i.
14 DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. gratiola,
Hab. In ditches and pools. Pennsylvania. July— August- Purs/i. This plant I have never seen.
n.LINDERNIA. L,
Calyx 5-parted. Corolla resupinate, tubular, 2- lipped; upper lip short, reflected, emarginate; the lower one trifid and unequal. Filaments 4 ; the two longer forked and sterile. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved ; disse- piment parallel with the valves. Gen. pi. 1 03 1 . Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 9. Juss. p. 122. Lam. III. t. DXXII. Nat. Ord. Scrophulari^ Juss. Didynamia angio- spermia Lin,
1. L. dilalata M uhl. : leaves dilated at the base, am- plexicaul, remotely toothed ; peduncles longer than the leaves^ Elliott Sk. I. p. 16. Muhl. Cat. p. 61. Cat. PL N. York, p. 10. Bart. Fl. Amer. Sept. I. p. 109. t. 31. L. pyxidaria Pursh Fl. II. p. 419. Gratiola ana- gatlidea Mich. Fl. I. p. 6. G. inequalis Walt. Car. p. 61« G. jloribus pedunculatis, Sic. Gran. Virg. p. 3.
Boot annual. Stem procumbent, quadrangular, smooth, a little branching, about 6 inches long. Leaves oblong, obscurely 3 — 5 nerved. Peduncles alternate, sometimes opposite above, quadrangular, at length spreading horizontally. Segments of the calyx nearly equal, ciliate. Corolla pale purple, 4-cleft ; the upper segment broadest ; the inferior segments (forming the lower lip) oval, obtuse. Filaments 4 ; two of them as long as the corolla, sterile and forked; the shorter ones fertile. Stigma 2-lipped. Capsule ovate, acute. Seeds numerous, oval.
Hab In wet meadows, borders of ponds, Sec. in the vicinity oi New- York : much rarer than the next species. July — Sep- tember.
2. L. altcnuata M u h I. : leaves lanceolate and obovatej narrowed at the base ; peduncles shorter than the leaves, erect. El lio tt Sk.].^. 11. M uh I. CaL^). G\. Cat. PL JV". York, p. 10. L. pyxidaria $. major Pursh Fl. IL p. 419 (foliis repando-dentatis, pedunculis brevibus).
Root annual. Ste?}i erect or procumbent, a little branched, thicker than in the preceding species, quadrangular, smooth- Leaves subspatulate-ohovate, serrate or dentate. Peduncles at first shorter than the leaves, but at length equalling them. Calyx nearly equal. Corolla and stamens as in L. dilatata.
Hab. In similar situations with No. 1, but much more com raon. July — September,
tiNDERNiAo DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 15
3. h. monticola Muhl.: stem slender, dichotomous ; radical leaves spatulate ; cauline ones linear, small and re- mote ; peduncles very long, at length deflected. N uti. Gen. II. Supp. Muhl. Cat. p. 61.
Root perennial. Stem erect, 4 — 6 inches high, quadrangular, smooth. Radical leaves exactly spatulate, obscurely toothed, rather fleshy, punctate; cauline ones very few. Peduncles an inch or more long ; bracts subulate. Calyx one-fourth as long as the corolla, deeply 5-parted ; segments, lanceolate, acute. Corolla pale blue, smooth ; lower lip very large, seg- ments round, very obtuse; upper lip emarginate. Sterile filaments as long as the tube of the corolla, glandular ; fertile ones much shorter; anthers 2-lobed. Style as long as the fertile stamens; stigma 2-llpped. Capsule oblong, acute, longer than the calyx ; dissepiment parallel with the valves. Seeds minute, round, compressed.
Hab. On the White Hills of New-Hampshire. NuttalL The above description is taken from specimens collected in North-Carolina, and obligingly sent me by Mr. Sch%i>einit- and Cafit. Le Conte.
12. HEMIANTHUS. Nutt.
Calyx tubular, border 4-toothed, cleft on the under side. Upper lip of the corolla obsolete ; lower 3-parted, intermediate segment ligulate, much longer, closely in- curved. Stamens 2 ; filaments bifid ; lateral fork an- theriferous. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, many seeded. Nutt. Jour. Acad. Philad. I. p. 119, t. 6, f. 1. Gen. II. p. 42. Nat. Ord. Lysimachi^ Jtiss.
H. micranthemoides J^ itt I. 1. c. Herpestis micrantka Pursh Ft. II. p. 418. (excl. syn.)
Root fibrous, annual. Stem dichotomous, creeping. Leaver opposite, crowded, sessile, oblong-elliptic, smooth, succulent, somewhat 3-nerved. Flowers axillary, solitary, pedicellate ; pedicels at length reflected. Calyx somewhat compressed, attenuated towards the peduncle; teeth obtuse, very short. Corolla bilabiate; tube gibbous; upper lip very minute; lower lip rarely expanding, with 2 lateral segments resembling teeth ; the middle segment incurved, and generally remaining V'ithin the tube. Stamens seated on the lower lip ; anthers obcordate, 2-lobed, 2-celled. Style 1, declined, bifid halfway down; stigma small, capitate. Cafisule round, 1-celled ; seeds ovate, shining, smooth, acute at the base. JVii 1 1.
Hab. On the gravelly banks of the Delaware, overflowed by the tide, near Philadelphia. Xuttall. Near New-Haven, Connecticut. Prof. Ives. August — September.
)6 DIANDRIA. MOiNOGYNlA. iiEmx^itivi,
This genus, as Mr. Nuttall justly observes, is nearly allied to MicRANTHEMUM of Mi c /lau X, but is sufficiently distin- guisliecl by the very irregular corolla, bifid style, smooth seeds, See. It differs from Lindernia in the same characters, and jn having a 1 -celled capsule.
13. CATALPAi Juss,
Calyx 2-parted. Corolla campanulate ; tube ven- tricose ; border 4-lobed3 unequal. Stamens 2, fertile ; 2 — 3 sterile (rare.) Stigma bilamellate. Capsule long and cylindric, 2-valved= Dissepiment opposite to the valves. /Sf^cf/,? with membranaceous margins. Jiiss, p. 188. Nutt. 0<?7z. I. p. 10. BiGNONiA L. Nat, Ord. BiGNo.^iJE Juss.
C. cordifolia Elh: leaves simple, cordate, entire; llowers panicied. Elliott Sk. I. p. 24, Nutt. Gen. \. c. C. bignonioides fValt. Car, p. 64. C. syriiigcefolia Sims in Dot. Mag. 1094. Pursk FIA. p. 10. Bigwo- NiA Catalpa L, Willd. Spec. III. p. 289. Mich. FL \\. p. lb. Mich. fil. Arb. III. p. 217. t, 6.
A large tree, 30 or more feet high, with few, large, irrcgulai branches. Leaves round-cordate, 8 or 10 inches in diameter, verticillatc in threes, smooth on the upper surface, pubescent beneath, particularly on the nerves ; petioles long, swelled at the base. Flowers in large pyramidal terminal panicles j branches trichotomous. Segments of the calyoc obovate, mu- cronatc. Corolla divided into 5 unequal crenate lobes, ele- gantly variegated with yellow and purple; outside of the Hower white. Fertile Jilanients incurved, aS long as the lube of the corolla ; sterile filaments generally wanting in this vici- nity ; an^Z/ers 2-lobed. 5^i//e as long as the stamens. Cafisule a foot long, at first green, but becoming brown and a little curved, remaining on the tree during the winter. Seeds fiat, , winged, and tufted with hair at the summit. IIab. Borders of fields and about farms; seldom found south or the city of New-York. July. Catalfia.
The Catalpa has evidently been introduced into this vici- nity, as well as into most parts of the United States where it is now found. Mr. Nuttall, who has travelled extensively in our country, remarks, that it appears to have been introduced by the aborigines in most of the habitats which he visited. He, however, states, on the authority of Gov. Harrison, that it exists in considerable quantities in the forests of the Wabash, Illinois Territory.
1 4. JUSTICIA. L.—R. Brow n. ^ Calijx 5-parted, often with 3 bracts at the base. Corolla irregular, bilabiate ; upper lip emarginate ; the
jusTiciA. DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 17
lower 3-cleft. Anthers 1 or 2 on each filament.* Cap- sule attenuated, 2-celled, 2-valved. Dissepiment grow- ing from the centre of each valve. Roem. t? Schult. Gen. 79. JVutt. Gen, I. p. 11. Justi- ciA ScDiANTHERA jLzw. Ge?t. pi, 35 h 36. Lam. III. t. XII. f. 1, 2. Nat. Ord. AcANTHACEiE Juss.
J. pedunculosa Mich,: spikes axillary; peduncles elongated, alternate ; flowers crowded ; leaves lanceolate. Mich. Fl.\.i).7. Pursh Fl.l.p.\3. Elliott Sk.L p. n. Roem. ir Schult. I. p. 154. J. americana Vahl EnumA. p. 140. Willd. Spec. I. p. 92. Dian- THERA americana 'Lin. Sysl. Veg. 64. Gr on. Virg. p. 6. D, ensiformis Walt. Car. p. 63. JviT. li7iearifolia Lam. III. I. p. 41. Gratiote affinis floridana, &;c. P I u k. Amalth. p. 114. t. 423. f. 5.
Root perennial, creeping. Slem 2 or more feet in height, an- gular, and deeply sulcate. Leaves 6 inches long, narrow- lanceolate, opposite, smooth and entire, narrowed at the base into a short petiole. Flowers in oblong terminal heads. Pe- duncles 3 — 6 inches long, straight, angular. Bracts and segments of the calyx subulate. Corolla pale purple, about half an inch long, smooth ; upper lip deeply emarginated ; lower lip with 3 nearly equal rounded divisions. Filaments as long as the tube of the corolla ; anthers 2, alternately inserted on the filament, large and oblong. Style filiform, exserted ; stigma minute. Hab. In slow-flowing streams, and along the margins of large rivers. In the Niagara River, near the Falls. Coo fie r. In bays and slow-flowing waters of the rivers St. LawrencCj ■ Oswego, See. Pttrs A. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg.
15.UTRICULAR1A. L.
Calyx 2-leaved, equal. Corolla personate or ringent ; superior lip erect ; lower lip spurred at the base ; pa- late subcordate. Filaments incurved, bearing the an- thers within the apex. Stigma 2-lipped. Capsule 1- celled. Gen. pi. 4>l. JVutt. Gen. I. ip- '^2- J^^^^- p. 98. Roem. b' Schult. Gen. 88. Lam. III. t. XIV. Nat. Ord. Lysimachi^ Juss. Primu- LACEJE R. Br ow?u Bladder-ivort.
1. V.inflata Walt.: floating; scape many- flowered . radical leaves verticillate, inflated, pinnatifid at the exlremi-
• " Anthers biloculares, loculis insertione sspe inequaVibus." Ji. Rro-.on.
.0 DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. utriculariav
lies; lewci lip of the corolla 3-lobcd ; spur deeply emar^i- nate. IV a 1 1. Car. p. 54. Elliott Sk. I. p. 20. U. ce- ratophylla Mich. Fl. I. p. 12. Pursh Fl. 1. p. 15, I'ah'l Ennm. I. p. 197. Roem. c^ SchulU I. p. 194. .Y 2< 1 1. Gen. 1. c.
Root perennial. Leaves (roots ?) submerged, dichotomously branching, furnished at the divisions with numerous com- pressed air-vessels or utricuU ;* radical leaves (involucrum) alternate, but so close as to appear verticillate, cylindrical, of a delicate spongy texture, dichotomously divided at the extre- mities into many capillary segments furnished with utriculi. Scafie about 8 inches long, 5 — 8-flowered; lower fieduncles elongated, so as to give the flowers a corymbose appearance. Bracts ovate, obtuse. Calyx persistent; leaves ovate, con- cave. Corolla about 3-fourths of an inch in diameter, yellow ; ufificrli/i broad-ovate, entire; lower lifi 3-lobed, crenate; sfiur half the length of the lower lip, conic-lanceolate, compressed^ bifid ; tube of the corolla very short. Filameyits inserted near each other at the base of the lower lip. Style as long as the stamens. Hab. In ponds on Long-Island : particularly abundant near Babylon. In the lower part of Delaware, near Lewiston^ .Yuttall. Neav Elizabeth-Town, New-Jersey. Eddy, August.
2, \].xulgarts L.: floating; stems submerged, dichoto- iTious ; leaves many-parted, vesiculose ; scape 5 — 9-flowered: upper lip of the corolla entire, broad-ovate ; spur conical, in- curved. Wi 1 1 d. Spec. I. p, 198. Vahl Enum. I. p. 1 98. Eng.Bot. t. 253. Big. Bost. p. 6. Pursh Fl. I, p. 16. Roem. (^ Schult. 1. p, 195. U . macrorhiza Le Conte. monog. Utric. ined. Cat. pi, N. York, p. 11.
Perennial. Stems submerged, 1 — 3 feet long. Leaves some- what pinnate, dichotomous, capillary. Scape 8 or 9 inches long, generally bearing 7 or 8 flowers. Peduncles about 3-fourths of an inch long, bractcated at the base, spreading, and at length reflected. Calyx persistent ; leaves concave, with- out nerves ; the lower one a little emarginate. Corolla yelloW; as are all the succeeding, except No. 8 ; lower lip entire, cre- nulate on the margin, striated with red ; palate equal ; spur rather obtuse, and entire at the apex. Style as long as the sta- mens; stigma 2-lipped, the upper lip truncate, the lower fringed. Hab. In ponds of deep water, and sometimes in slow-fibwing streams. Common throughout the Northern States. August. Allied to U. fibrosa Wa 1 1. but distinct.
* \t first, these vesicles are filled with water ; when the flowers are ready to expand, they become inflated with air, to raise the scaj^e above v.-ater. After flowering-, the air escapes and the plant sinks.
i^TRicuLARiA. DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 19
3. U. minor L. : spur carinate ; upper lip emarginate ; palate equal ; throat open ; leaves 3-parted, dichotomous. Tfl A / £num. I. p. 199. {V ill d. Spec. \. i^. \]'2, Pursh Fl. I. p. 15. Eng. hot. t. 254. Jloem. ^ Schtilt. I. p. 196.
Boot filiform. Stems decun-ibcnt. Leaves smooth, bearing air- vesicles. Upper lip of the corolla emarginate ; the lower one obovate. Anthers connected. Sli^^mu obtuse, triangular, en- tire. Roem. 55* Schult. I.e.
Hab. In swamps and ditches of the pine-barrens of New- Jersey.
' August. Flowers small, deep yellow. Pursh. A doubtful native.
4, U. stlacea Mich.: scape filiform, rooting, 2 — 3 ilowered ; upper lip of the corolla ovale 5 the lower distinctly 3'lobed ; spur subconical, shorter than the lower lip of the corolla. Mich. FL I. p. 12. Vahl Emm. I. p. 201. El liott Sk.h^.'23. .VuU. 1. c. I. p. 14. Roem. ^ Schult. I. p. 197. U. subulata Pursh Fl. I. p. lb> U. pumila Walt. Car. p. 64.
Sca/ie rooting in the mud, very slender, 4—6 inches high. Flowers generally 2, the lower one on a short footstalk, about half an inch in diameter. Calyx persistent; leaves equal. Upper lip of the corolla half the size of the other; the lower divided into 3 nearly equal obtuse lobe$. Spur straight, co- nical, rather obtuse.
Hab. Overflowed swamps, in the pine-barrens of New-Jersey, June.
The species here described differs from Mr. Elliott's U. setacea^ in having fewer flowers, and the spur shorter than the lower lip ; still, however, I think them not distinct. I have specimens of Ucricularia setacea collected in Georgia by Capt. Le Conte, with but 2 or 3 flowers on each scape, and the nectary nearly the length of the under lip.
5. U. gibbn Gron.: floating ; scape generally 2-flowered ;
^pur shorter than the lower lip of the corolla, obtuse, gibbous
in the middle. E 1 1 i 0 1 1 Sk. \, p. 22. Gro n. Virg. p.
129. Willd. Spec. I. p. 113. Fahl Enum. I. p. 204.
P M r s /i F/. I. p. 1 6. Roem. ^Schult. I. p. 1 99. Boots dichotomous, sparingly furnished with utriculi, Sca/ic 2 — 3 inches high. Corolla larger than in the preceding spe- cies ; lips very obtuse, slightly lobed ; spur swelling out in the middle, obtuse. Hab. In ponds near Schenectady, New-York. Dr. L. C. Beck. Near Albany. Mr. Tracy. In the vicinity of Philadelphia. Barton. Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Eaton. July.
6. U. cornula Mich. : scape rooting, erect, rigid ; flowers 2 — 3, subsessile -, inferior lip of the corolla \ery wide
20 DIANDRIC. MONOGYNIA. utricularia.
3-lobcd; spur very acute, porrccted. Mich. FL I. p. 12.
PwrsA F/. 1. p. 16. Nutt.Gen.L^.\A. R o e m, ir
Schulf. 1. p. 197.
Scc/ie rootiniij in the ground, about a foot high ; sides furnished with minute appressed bracts. Flowers approximate, nearly sessile, as large as those of U. vulgaris. Calyx unequal. Upper lip of the corolla ovate, obtuse; lower broad, round; palate very prominent; sfiur projecting off from the corolla, longer than the lower lip. Filaments inserted very near toge- ther, sliort, hollovir at ttie extremiiies. Hab. 0'i calcareous rocks near the Falls of Niagara. Eddy. J\ru (tall. Near Phillipstown, in the Highlands of New- York. Dr. Barrat t. Tliroughout the Allegany Mountains, from Canada to Virginia. M'utt. In a marsh bordering Crooked Lake, Plainfield, Massachusetts, Dr. Porter. August— September. Mr. JSTuttall thinks this species is con- fined to a calcareous soil.
7, U. striata Le Conte : floating; scape 2— 3 flowered; upper 'ip of the corolla ovate-round, subemarginate, margin waved ; lower lip 3-lobed, redected at the sides ; spur straight, obtuse, shorter than the lower lip. Torrey Cat. pi, jVo York, p. 89.
Stems submerged. Leaves ? few, capillary, sparingly furnished with utriculi. Scape about a foot high, slender. Flowers generally 2, sometimes 3. Calyx subequal, obtuse. Corolla much expanded, large and elegantly striated with red ; spur nearly a third shorter than the lower lip, obtuse, slightly swell- ing in the middle.
Hab. In swamps in the pine-barrens of New- Jersey. June. This species is nearly allied to \J . Jibrosa of Walter and Elliott, but differs in having the spur shorter than the lower lip. It was first observed by J. Le Conte, Esq. who has de- scribed it in his Monograph of the N. American Utricula- HiAE ; which work we hope soon to see published.
8. v. purpurea Walt.: scapes axillary, generally 1 -flowered, involucrum 0.; lower lip of the corolla 3-lobed ; lateral lobes cucullate on the under side ; spur compressed, half as long as the corolla. Elliott Sk. I. p. 21 . (sub U, saccata) W a 1 1. Car. ^. 64. P ur s h FL l.ip. \5. J^utt. Gen. 1. p. 1 3. Roem. ^ Schul t. I. p. 1 97.
Stems floating, 2—3 feet long ; branches verticillate and pinnati- fid, setaceous. Scapes solitary and in pairs, 2 — 3 inches long, rarely 2-flowered. Calyx small ; leaves round or emarginate. Corolla purple '. upper lip nearly round ; the lower with the lateral lobes formed into little sacks; middle lobe largest; palate large and prominent ; spur subulate, appressed to the corolla.
Hab. In ponds on Schooley's Mountain, New-Jersey. Le Conte. On the Blue Ridge, in the State of New-York ; and
yTRicuLARU. DIANDUIA. MONOGYNIA. 2i
on the Broad Mountain, Pennsylvania. In a pond near Lewis- town, Sussex Co. Delaware. JSTuttail. August.
16. LYCOPUS. L.
Calyx tubular, 5-cleft or 5-toothed. Corolla iuhn iar, 4-cleft, nearly equal ; upper division broader and emarginate. Stamens distant. Seeds 4, retuse. Gen, pi 44. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 15. Juss. p. 111. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen. 90. Lam, III. t. XVIII. Nat, Ord. Labiate Juss. Water Horeliound.
1. L. europceus 0. angustifoHus* : smooth; stem acutely quadrangular; leaves narrow-lanceolate, with large acute teeth ; lower ones somewhat pinnatifid ; segments of the ca- lyx acuminate, terminating in short spines, much longer than the seeds. Lycopus angustifolius Elliott Sic. I. p. 26, li.mrop<£usMich.Fl,\.^.\A. Big. Bost.^. 6. Pursh Fl. I. p. 16. L. americanus Muhl. Cat, p. 3. L. exalta- ius Pursh Fl. II. p. 727. (excl. syn ?) Elliott \. c. p. 26. L. foliis lanceolat. «fcc. Cold. pi. M'oveborac. No. 6.
Root perennial, creeping. Siem erect, 1 — 2 feet high, much branched, quadrangular, with the sides concave. Leaves op- posite, narrowed into a petiole at the base, smooth, sprinkled with minute resinous dots; upper ones incisely toothed ; the serratures growing deeper on the lower leaves. Flowers very minute, crowded into whorls. Calyx about the length of the corolla, scabrous, sprinkled with resinous dots ; each segment with a strong midrib, which is continued beyond the point into a short spine. Corolla white, with a tinge of red, bearded within. Filaments a little shorter than the tube ; anthers di- dymous. Style 2-cleft; divisions reflected. Seeds obovate, compressed, with an acute margin.
Hab. In wet meadows and in ditches. August.
This plant may yet prove a distinct species from the L. curojixus of the old world, though I shall for the present con- sider it merely as a variety. I have no hesitation in referring to the plant described above, the L. angustifolius oi Elliott^ as it agrees exactly with his description, and with specimens thus named sent me from N. Carolina by Mr. Sc hiv einitz. The L. exaltatus of Pursh and Elliott, and L. sinuatus of the latter, do not appear to be distinct from this species.
2. L. xirginicus L. : leaves broad-lanceolate, serrate, narrow and entire at the base; calyx shorter than the seed, spineless. Willd. Spec. I. p. 121. M ich. Fl.\. p. 14. P«r5/t F/. I. p. 16. Elliott Sk.l.^, 25. Walt. Car.
jj DIANDllIA. MONOGYNIA. lycopus,
p. 64. Roem. ^- Schtilt. I. p. 207. L. foliis lanceola-
tis, «S:c. G ron. Virg. p. 8. Root perennial, creeping. Stem herbaceous, often throwing out suckers at the base, a footer 18 inches high, quadrangular, with obtuse angles, pubescent, simple, or sparingly branched. Leaves subsessile, smooth, coarsely-serrate, often, as well as the stem, of a purplish colour. Floivers in whorls, but less crowded than in the preceding species. Calyx much shorter than the corolla, segments acute, but not terminating in spines. Corolla slightly punctate, white ; tube a little ventricose. Seed projecting beyond the calyx when ripe. Hab. In shady wet places : frequent in moist woods. August. Called Bugle-weed, and of some reputation as a popular re- medy in /lamofitysis and other hsemorrhages.
3. L. unijlorus Mich.: plant small; root tuberous; stems simple ; leaves oval, obtuse, obsoletely toothed ; axils 1-flowered. Mich. F/. I. p. 14. h. pumilus Vahl Enum, I. p. 211. Pursh Fl.l. ^. 16. R o em. ^ S chul t. h p. 207.
Root tuberous; stolons leafy. Stem about 3 inches high, rather smooth. Leaves on petioles, with few teeth. Flowers axil- lary, solitary. Mi c h. ex herb. Juss. Fa h I. Hab. In Pennsylvania. August. Muhlenb erg. A doubt- ful species, perhaps a dwarf variety of L. virginicus, as that plant is often very small, bearing only 2 or 3 flowers in each axil, and throwing out long stolons from the base of the stem. There is no specimen of this plant in Mu hi en berg's Her , jiarium.
17. CUNILA. L.
Calyx cylindrical or tubular, 5-tooliied, 10-striate„ Corolla ringent : upper lip short, flat. Fertile stamens and style much exserted ; sterile stamens v^vy short» Gen. pi. 21. Nutt. Gen, I. p. 15. Juss. p. Ill, Lam. 111. t. 18, f. 2, 3. Ziziphora Roem, £&' Schult. Nat. Ord. Labiate /w^ 5.
1 . C. mariana L. : leaves ovate, sessile, serrate ; co- rymbs axillary and terminal, dichotomous. Wit Id. Spec, T. p. 122. Mich. F/. I. p. 13. Pursh Ft. II. p. 406. Elliott Fl. I. p, 27. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. t. 42, ZiziPiionA mariana Roem. 4- Schult. I. p. 208. Thy- mus foliis ovatis, &c. Gro n. virg. p. 64. Calamintha ma- riana, &c. P luk, mant. p. 34. t. 344. f. 1.
Root perennial. Stem a foot high, quadrangular, with nu = merous, opposite, spreading branches, nearly smooth, purplq
ounila; DIANDRIA. MONOGYI^IA. 23
Leaves with numerous diaphanous dots, opposite, broad-ovate, acute, a little cordate at the base; upper surface smooth, slightly pubescent beneath. Flowers in small fastigiate co- rymbs, with the terminal divisions somewhat in threes. Calyx oblong, sprinkled with resinous dots ; teeth prominent, acute, nearly equal; throat densely villose. Corolla pale pink, a little hairy ; upper lip erect and emarginate ; the under with rounded emarginate lobes. Stamens and style nearly twice as long as the corolla ; anthers 2-lobed ; stigma bilamellate. Seeds oval, smooth. Hab. In rocky and mountainous situations : sometimes in sandy woods. On the hills near Weehawk. In the pine-barrens of New-Jersey, &c. August — September. Mountain Dittany.
2. C. glabella Mich, : smooth ; stem surculose ; radical leaves nearly oval; stem leaves oblong-linear, all entire; flowers axillary, mostly solitary, on long peduncles. Mich. F/. I. p. 13. Vahl Enum. I. p. 13. Hedeoma glahrnni Pers. II. p. 131. Pnr^A F/. II. p. 414. Mutt. Gen, I. p. 16. ZiziPHORA glabella Roem, ir Schult. I. p. 209.
Root perennial, creeping. Stem 8 or 10 inches high, quadran- gular, branched below, producing long suckers from the base bearing small obovate leaves. Stem leaves often linear, with diaphanous dots, smooth, without veins, sessile, margins revo- lute ? Peduncles setaceous, shorter than the leaves, the upper ones somewhat verticillate in threes. Calyx oblong-cylindric, 10-striate, not gibbous at the base, indistinctly 2-lipped ; teeth nearly equal, subulate, the 3 upper ones approxim.ated ; throat closed with hairs. Corolla violet, much longer than the calyx. Fertile stamens 4 ? two of them exserted. Hab. On the limestone rocks near the Falls of Niagara. £dd y. Kuttall. August.
This plant, though disagreeing a little with the generic cha- racter, is certainly much more nearly allied to Cunila than to Hedeojia, to which last genus it is referred by Per so on and Kuttall. I regret that my specimens are not suffi- ciently perfect to describe the flowers accurately. It appeared to me, however, that there were decidedly 4 stamens, all of which were antheriferous and perfect.
18. HEDEOMA. Per so on.
Calyx 2-lipped, gibbous at the base ; upper lip 3 -toothed, teeth lanceolate ; lower lip of 2 subulate teeth. Corolla ringent. Stamens^ 2 fertile, as long as the corolla; 2 sterile, short. Pers, Syn,\\. p. 231. Nutt. G^«. I. p. 16. Qu^u.A Li7i. Nat. Ord. Labiatje Juss,
24 DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. hedeoma.
H. pulegioides P crs.: leaves oblong, remotely serrate ; peduncles axillary, numerous. P e r 5. 1. c. p. 23 1 . Pursk /'Z. 11. p. 414. Elliott Sk. I. ip. 28. JVwf /. 1. c. p. 16. CuNiLA pulegioides L, sp. pi. ed. 2, p. 50. JVilld. Spec. I. p. 122. Mich. Fl.]. p. 13, B ig, Bost. ip. 7, Bart. Vcg. Mat. Med. t. 41. Ziziphora pulegioides Roem. ^' Sc/iult. I. p. 209. Melissa floribus verticillatis, &c. G r on. virg. 167.
Root fibrous, annual. Stem from a span to a foot in height, ob- tusely quadrangular, pubescent, branched above. Leaves narrowed into a petiole, sparingly toothed, about an inch long, punctate. Flowers on short peduncles, 4 — 6 in each whoii. Ca^yj; distinct, gibbous below, hispid, 10-striate; seg- ments of the upper lip lanceolate, very acute ; those of the lower lip subulate, strongly ciliate; throat slightly villous. Corolla pale blue, about as long as the calyx. Stamens hardly exserted. Stigma a little bifid. Seeds oblong, smooth. Smell powerful, resembling that of Mentha fiulegium. Hab. On dry hills and in open barren woods. July — August.
Wild Pennyroyal. The genus Hedeoma was, with much propriety, separated from CuNiLA by P er s 0 on. The present species was re- ferred to the latter genus by Michati x, with a mark of doubt.
19. MONARDA. L.
Calyx 5-toothed, tubular. Corolla ringent ; upper lip linear, involving the filaments; lower lip reflected, 3-lobed. Gtn. pi 48. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 48. Ju s s. p. 111. Roejn. y Schult. Gen. 94. Latn, III. 1. 19. Nat. Ord. Labiate Juss. Mountain Balm.
1. M. didijma L.: leaves ovate, acuminate, subcordate, somewhat hairy ; flowers in simple or proliferous heads ; ex- terior bracts large, coloured, lanceolate. Willd. Enum. Hon. Btrol. I. p. 33. Spec. 1. p. 125. Pursh Fl. I. p. 16. Rocm. 4- Schult. 1. p. 213. Bol. Mag. t, 546. Mrcoc- cinea Mich. Fl. 1. p. IC. M. purpurea Lam. III. IV. p. 256. M. caule acutangulo, capitulis terminalibus, &;c. Cold, ^'^oveh. No. 7.
Root perennial. Stem about a foot and a half high, quadrangular, with the sides concave, hairy about the joints. Leaves oppo- site, on hairy petioles, a little rugose, broad-ovate, more or less cordate at the base ; serratures mucronate. Bracts large and purple, the interior ones gradually diminishing in breadth. Calyj: striate, slightly curved, somewhat pubescent, with acute teeth. Corolla large, scarlet, pubescent ; tube narrowed belovr:
MONARDA. DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 25
middle lobe of the lower lip much the largest, the lateral ones reflexcd ; upper lip folded round the stamens^ which project a litt/e beyond it. Style bifid at the point. Hab. Near Cambridge, in the State of New-York. Dr. Ste- ■V ens on. — indigenous? Coldenham, (Orange Co.) New- York. Co I den. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. Wil- liamstown, Massachusetts. Dewey. Oswego Tea,
^. anguslifolia : leaves ovate-Ianceolale, acuminate, and with the stem, pubescent. M. Kalmiana P urs h FL I. p. 17, t.l, Roem. ^ Schult. I. p. 213.
Hab. Near the Little Falls of the Mohawk. Coo fie r. Fair- field, New-York. Prof. Ha dley. In boggy woods in rich black soil, near Onondaga and Oswego, New-York. Pursh. July.
After a careful examination of the Monarda Kalmiana of Pur shy I cannot discover sufficient characters to distinguish it as more than a variety of M. didyma o^ Linn a us. Speci- mens received from Prof. Ha dley have the leaves a little cor- date at the base, and the heads of flowers sometimes proliferous. In specimens collected by Mr. Co o/ie r, the leaves are some- •what narrowed at the base, but not so much as mPursh's figure. The M. didyyna «.. I have never found indigenous.
2. M. oblongata A i t. : pubescent ; heads sinnple, exte- vtor bracts ovate ; calyx short, throat bearded, teeth divari- cate ; stem obtuse-angled, hairy above ; leaves oblong-lance- olate, rounded at the base. Pursh FL I. p. 18. Ait, Kew,ed.'2,\.p.5\. WiUd. Spec. \. ^. Uo, Roem,'^ Schult. I. p. 212.
Root perennial. Stem 2—3 feet high, pubescent, especially on the upper part, much branched. Leaves 2 — 3 inches long, hairy, with unequal remote teeth ; base more or less cordate ; petioles about 3-fourths of an inch long, almost villous. Flowers in large terminal heads ; bracts ovate, very acute, coloured. Calyx striate, bearded at the throat ; teeth subulate, spreading. Corolla pubescent ; tube moderately long, flesh-coloured ; up- per lip villous at the end.
Hab. In rocky and mountainous situations: New-Jersey. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. Near Williamstown, Massa- chusetts. Prof. Dewey. July.
Pursh., who appears to have examined the genus Monarda with considerable attention, separates the M. mollis of Lin- n<Eus (M. allophylla Mich.*) from the present species. They are, however, united by Mu hi en berg without any mark of doubt. {Cat. p. 3) The M. mollis of Pursh may be only a variety, occasioned by a difference of situation.
• " Foliorum figura, serratura, pubescentia, &c. adeo variant, ut ex hujus varietatibus species plures statuerint !' Mich. FL I. p. 16. 4
2C DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. monakda.
3. U. clinopodia L.: smooth; head small, simple, ter- minal ; exterior bracts broad-ovate, acute, entire, almost smooth ; calyx short, ciliate ; coroUa pubescent, slender j leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, serrate, a little hairy ; slem obtuse-angled, smooth. Pursh FL I. p. 18. Willd, Spec. I. p. 125, exrl.syn, Gronov. (which appertains to Clinopodium incanum) Enumo hort. BeroL I. p. 32. Elliott Sk. I. p. 2{5. Roem, ^ SchulU \. p. 212.
Hab. In dry gravelly soil, from Canada to Carolina, particularly on the mountains. July— September. Flowers yellow, with purple specks. Pure A.
4. M.Jislulosa L.: nearly smooth ; heads simple or pro- liferous, leafy ; exterior bracts oblong, acute, glabrous ; calyx- long, bearded ; corolla hirsute; leaves ovate, acuminate, ser- rate ; petioles long, ciliate ; stem smooth, obtuse-angled« Pursh FL I. p. 18. Willd. Spec. I. p. 124. Enum, hort, Ber. I. p. 32, Wall. Car. p. 64. Elliott Sk. ]. p. 29. Roem. ^ Schult. I. p. 211.
Root perennial. Stem about 2 feet higb, much branched, very smooth. Leaves smooth and membranaceous, standing on long, almost naked petioles ; teeth large, and rather remote. Flowers in small but dense heads, which are occasionally pro- liferous. Calyx cylindrical ; teeth short and subulate. Corolla not seen. Seeds oblong.
Had. In similar situations with the preceding species. Banks of the Schuylkill, near Philadelphia. August. In hedges and woods, from Canada to Carolina. Pursh,
5. M. punctata L. r somewhat smooth ; flowers verticil- late; bracts lanceolate, coloured, longer than the whorl; leaves lanceolate-oblong,- remotely serrate ; stem obtuse- angled, white, downy<r Pursh FL 1, p. 18. Willd^ Spec. 1. p. 126. W a I /.. Car. p. 64. Elliott Sk. I, p. 30, Roem. 4^ Schult. I. p. 214. M. lutea Mich. FL L p. 16.
Root perennial and biennial. Stem 2—3 feet high, branched. Leaves varying from lanceolate to oblong, punctate, narrowed towards the point ; teetJi obscure. Calyx long, a little curved ;■ teeth spreading, subulate. Corolla yellow, dotted with brown ; upper lip villous at the point. Bracts large, coloured with yellow and red.
Hab. In the pine-barrens of New-Jersey ; common. In Penn- sylvania. A/u A ^en 6 er^-. September. Called //brse-mmf. An essential oil is extracted from it, which is useful as a rube- facient. See Medical Recorder^ vol. II. p. 494, with an accu- rate figure.
310NARDA. DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 27
§ II. Calyx bilabiate. Blephilia. R afi nes q ue,
6. M. hirsuta P ur s h : whole plant very hairy ; flowers small, verticiliate ; bracts attenuated into awns; upper teeth of the calyx very short, the others setiform ; leaves ovate, on long petioles, serrate. Pursh FL I. p. 19. Roem. ^ Schult. I. p. 214. M. ci/za/a Mich. 1. p. 16, non Lin, Blephilia tiepetoides Raf. secundo specitr^en.
Root perennial. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, with numerous spreading branches, covered with woolly half. Whorls 4 or 5 on the upper pan of each branch. Leaves on petioles I -third their length, acuminate. Bracts shorter than the flowers. Calyx very un- equally 2-lipped, covered vvith resinous dots ; the upper lip of 2 short acuminate l<seth ; the other terminated by 3 subulatCf almost bristle-form teetii, each furnished with several long jointed hairs inserted horizontally. Corolla not half an inch long, pale blue, with dark purple spots; upper lip short, ob- long, obtuse, scarcely involving the stamens, villous ; lower lip 3-lobed J the lateral lobes round, the middle one oblong, ob- tuse, short.. Has. Near Cummington, Massachusetts. Dr.Porter. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. August.
This species differs so much from all the preceding in the structure of the calyx, 8cc. that it might properly be separated as a distinct genus, were it not connected with the Monardts by the M. ciliata of Pursh. The latter has also a bilabiate calyx, but the teeth are all subulate, the two superior ones forming the upper lip being merely lower than the others.
20. SALVIA. L.
Calyx subcampanulate, bilabiate; upper lip 2 — 3 toothed ; lower lip bifid. Corolla ringent. Filaments transversely affixed to a footstalk. Gen. pi. 50. JVu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 17 Jiiss. p. 111. Roem. £s? Schult. Gen. 96. Lam. Ill t. XX. Nat. Ord. Labiate. Ju s s. Sage.
1. S. tirticifolia L.: viscous and villous; leaves ovate- oblong, toothed, base narrowed into a petiole; calyx 3-cleft, the upper division 3-toothed. Willd. Spec, I. p. 131. Vahl E7ium.\. p. 261. Mich. FL 1. p. 14. Elliott Sk. 1. p. 32. Pursh FL I. p. 20. Ro em. ^ S chult, 1. p. 240. S. foliis ovato-oblongis, duplicate serratis, &c. G r on, Virg. 8. Root perennial. Stem a little branched, obtusely quadrangular. Leaves unequally serrate, punctate beneath, acute, pubescent
28 DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. bALviA.
on the veins. Spikes naked ; whorls remote. Calyx pubes- cent, 3-cleft; segments short, ovale. Flowers blue, viscous, punctate ; upper' lip arched ; lower lip S-lobed. Hab. In New-Jersey, ^fu/z/ender^-. June, y.s.tnherb.
MUHLENB.
2. S. lyrata L.: radical leaves lyrate-sinuate ; stem nearly leafless, retrorsely hairy ; upper lip of the corolla very short. Willd. Spec. I. p. 1:28. Vahl Enum. 1, p. 257. Walt, Car. p. 65. jMi c h. Fl. 1. p. 14. Pursh Fl. I. p. 20. Elliott Sk. \. y.Z\. Roem. ^ Schult. I. p! 257. S» corollarum labio superiore breviore, &c. Gro n, Virg. 8. Root perennial. Stem about a foot high, quadrangular, densely covered with reflected hairs, branched a little towards the sum- mit. Leaves mostly crowded about the root, 6 — 8 inches long, hairy, more or less lyrate or pinnatitid, very obtuse ; under surface strongly veined with red. Flowers in whorls of about six. Upper lip of the calyx broad, truncate, 3-toothed ; the lower 2.c!elt. Corolla about 3-fourths of an inch long, blue ; tube twice as long as tlie calyx ; upper lip oval, eniarginate ; the lower lip with obtuse lateral segments, spotted at the base; middle segment much larger, cordate. Filaments inserted into the upper part of the tube of the corolla, bearing a trans- verse footstalk, with a 1 -celled antker^x. each extremity. Style filiform, longei than the corolla; stigma 2-cleft. Hab. In fields and borders of woods ; New- Jersey and Penn- sylvania. June. Cancer-weed.
3. S. Claxjioni EH-: leaves cordate-ovate, sinuate, toothed, rugose -, teeth of the upper lip of the calyx conni- vent. E / / i 0 i < S/c. 1. p. 32. S. verbenaca M uh I. Cat^ p. 3. C I ay t. Virg. p. 5.
Root thick, almost tuberous, perennial. Stem herbaceous, erect, nearly a foot high. Leaves ovate and cordate, lanceolate and pinnatitid, the segments toothed, rug(;se, pubescent on the veins and margins. Flowers in 6-flowered whorls. Bracts 2 at the base of each whorl, cordate-ovate, acuminate, toothed, pu- Ijescent. Calyx somewhat canipanulate, bilabiate, hispid along the veins and margins; upper lip 3-toothed, teeth connivent ; the lower lip longer, 2-cleft ; the segments acuminate, mucro- nate. Transverse filament bearing an anther at each extre- mity, ./^ni/jcrs nearly black. Eil. Hab. In Pennsylvania. June— October. fo and 2f, flowers violet. Muhlenberg. Appears to be a distinct species from the S, verbenaca of Lin.
21,C0LLINS0NIA. L.
Calyx bilabiate ; upper lip 3-toothed. Corolla un- equal, somewhat campanulate, unequally 5-lobed;
.uLLiNsoMA. DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 29
lower lobe divided into many capillary segments. Seeds 4; 3 of them generally abortive. Gen. pi 51. Nutt. Gen, I. p. 18. Juss. p. 112. Roem, ^ Schiilt. Gen. 97. Lam. Ill.^U XXI. Nat. Ord. jLABiATiE Jtiss, Knot-root. Horse-weed^
C. canadensis L. : leaves broad-cordate, ovate, glabrous;
teeth of the calyx short, subulate ; panicle terminal, compound .
Willd. Sped. p. 152. excl. syn. Walt. Mich. FL\.
p. 17. Pursh FlA.^.'iQ. E I Ho 1 1 Sk.l. i). 34. Big.
Bost. p. 8. CoLLiKSONiA C 0 I d. Novth. No« 8. L i n. hort.
C I if. t. 5.
lioot perennial. Sie7n 2—3 feet high, a little branched, obtusely quadrangular, smooth. Leaves opposite, 3 — 5 inches long, 2 — 3 bpoad, acuminate, serrate ; the lower ones on long foot- stalks, the upper ones subsessile. Flowers in a loose panicle, with opposite branches. Calyx ovate, much smaller than the corolla ; teeth of the upper lip broader. Corolla dull yellow^ half an inch or more long ; tube narrowed ; lower lip fringed. Stamens exserted. Style very long, bifid at the apex. Perfect seed round. Hab. In woods in rich soil among rocks. August.
There are two varieties of this plant found in the Northern States ; one with leaves on long petioles, the other with the lower leaves on short footstalks, and the upper ones sessile.
22. CIRC^A. L.
Calyx 2-leaved, superior. Corolla 2-petalled. Cap- sule 2-celled, not opening ; cells 1-sceded. Gen. pl.^l. Nutt. Gen.l. p. 18. ' Juss. p. 319. Roem. £i? Schult. Gen. 104. Lain. 111. t. XVI. Nat. Ord. Onagri Juss. Enchanter ^s Alght shade.
1. C. luteiiana ^. canadensis L. : stem erect; leaves ovate, remotely toothed, opaque, nearly smooth. Mich. FL I. p. 14. Vahl Enum. I. p. 301. Pursh Ft. \. p. 21. Elliott Sk.h p. 7. C. canadensis M u h I. Cat, p. 2. C. luteiiana B ig. Bost. p, 8. C. canadensis latifolia tlore albo Tourn. ins t. 30]. CxrcjEa, &c. Clayt. Virg p. 2.
Root perennial. Stem a foot and a half high, terete, very smooth, simple. Leaves on slender footstalks about 3 inches long, acu- minate ; margin with remote mucronate teeth, and slightly ci- liate ; base often cordate. Flowers in long terminal racemes, alternate and pedicellate. Leaves of the calyx ovate-oblong, equal, rather obtuse. Petals inversely cordate, reddish-white, rather shorter than the calyx. Stamens spreading ; filaments
30 DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. circma,
inserted at the base of the petals, and equalling; them in length; anthers round. Style filiform ; stigrna capitate. Fruit covered with minute hooks, reflected with the footstalks when old. Seeds oblong. Hab. In shady moist woods ; common. July — August.
2. C. alpinn L. : stem branched, very smooth, often procumbent ; leaves broad-cordate, membranaceous, acutely toothed, shining. Mich. FL I. p. 17. Willd. Spec. I, p. 53. Vahl Enum. I. p. 301. Pursh FL I. p. 21. Eng.Bot. t. 1057. Roem. <^ Schult. 1. p. 271.
Eooe perennial. Stem 6 — 8 inches high, swelling at the joints, and somewhat diaphanous. Leaves on long petioles, spread- ing horizofitally, very bioad in proportion to their length, of a thin and delicate texture; teeth distinct and somewhat unci- nate. Raceme filiform, branched below. Calyx membrana- ceous. Petals reddish white, narrowed at the base. Fruil pubescent, but not hispid.
Hab. On rotten prostrate trees, and on mossy rocks, in wet shady woods. Seldom found south of 42° N. latitude. Com- mon in the northern parts of the State of ISew-York. August,
23. LEMNA. L.
Calyx 1 -leaved, entire. Corolla o. Fruit a utricle. (Seed 1, l\ing horizontally, and affixed by its lower side.) Hook. FL ScoL I. p. 10. Gefi. pL 1400, Nutt. G'<?;?. I. p. 18. Roem.'i^ Schult. Gen.lll^ Lam. IlL t. DCCXLVII. Lenticula MichelL Jiiss.\>.\^. Nat. Ord. Naiades* /z^ 5 J. Aqua- tics, floating on the surface. Fronds (Hooker; leaves Lin. Sec.) increasing laterally; roots calyp- trated at their extremities. M o n o e c i a Diandria L i n,
Duckh-meat.
1. L. trisuica L. : fronds thin, elliptico-lanceolate, cau- date at one extremity, at the other serrate; roots solitary. Hook. FL Scot. I. p. 10. fViUd. Spec. IV. p. 193, MuhL Cat. p. 86. Eng. Bot. t. 926. Rotm. <^ Schult. I. p. 282.
jinnual, as are all of the genus, (fierennial Mu h I. l ) Fronda about 3-f.)urth3 of an inch long, pellucid, flat, smooth : on each side of the margin is a cleft, from which a young plant is pro-
• R Bvo-un proposes to place the genus Lemna, together with Char a and Najas, among the HiDaocHABiDEAE. •• A Jussieu inter Fiiicis tf\\- turn." R. a S.
UJM3A. DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Si
duced, which is again, and often repeatedly, proliferous. Floivers not seen. Root a single fibre, proceeding from the middle of the under surface of the frond, terminated at the extremity by a sheath-like appendage, resembling the calyptra of mosses. Hab. In pure stagnant waters. Deeifield, Massachusetts. Dr, Coo ley and Mr. Hitchcock. At Saratoga Springs, New- York. Dewey. Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg.
2. L. minor L. : fronds nearly ovate, compressed ; roots solitary. H o o A;. 1. c. p. 1 1. W ill d. Spec, IV. p. 194. Mick. FLU. p.\63. Muhl, Cat.p.ne. PurshFl.], p. 22. Eng. Bot, t. 1095. G r o n. Virg. p. 143. Rotm^ ^ Schult. I. p. 283.
Fronds a line, or a line and a half long, thick and succulent^ slightly convex beneath, multiplying prodigiously by gemmae ; the young closely sessile, giving the plant a stellated appear- ance. Flowera not seen.
Hab. In stagnant waters : very common throughout the United States.
3. L. gibba L.: fronds obovate, nearly plane above, he- mispherical beneath; roots solitary. Hook. I. c. p. 11, wind. Spec, IV. p. 194. Pursh fl. I. p. 22. Eng. Bot. t. 1233. Roenu ^ Schult. I. p. 283.
Fronds the size of L. minor, but distinguished by the gibbous,
pellucid, reticulated under surface. Ho o k. Hab. In stagnant waters near Liverpool, in the western parts of
the State of New-York. (c. fl.) Pursh.
4. L. polyrrhiza L.: fronds obovate-rotundate, com- pressed ; roots numerous, fasciculate. Hook. I.e. Wiild. Spec. IV. p. 195. Pursh Fl. 1. p. 22. Eng. Bot. 2458. Roem. <^ Schult. I. p. 283.
Fronds 3 — 4 lines in length, succulent, and of a firm texture ; a little convex beneath, sparingly producing gemmae. Hoot a bundle of 8 or 10 simple fibres proceeding from the middle of the frond. Flowers not seen.
Hab. In stagnant waters ; frequently in company with L. minorf but not so common.
A very singular genus, which was not accurately defined by any author until it was lately illustrated by Hooker. This deservedly celebrated botanist, to whom we are so largely in- debted, more particularly for his labours in the Cryptogamia, has given a new description of the genus Lemna in his valuable Flora Scotica, which I shall here quote. " All the species are aquatics, floating on the surface, or sinking only when the seed is ripe, and the plant dying away. Fronds (for I cannot consider the whole plant, from which spring the flowers, as a leaf) mi- nute, ovate or orbicular, compressed, foliaceous, or thick and succulent; from the centre beneath, throwing out one or more slender roots, which are terminated by sheath-like appendages
2 DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. lemka,
resembling the calyptra of a moss. The margins of the fronds at one extremity, on each side, have a cleft, in which some- times are produced one or more flattened orbicular gemmx^ (and this is their common mode of increase,) which there grow into perfect fronds, and then fall away, or a single j?ow(?r, con- sisting of an urceolate, membranaceous, monophyllous peri- anth^ from a small opening in the top of which the stigma is protruded, and which bursts irregularly as the stamens become developed. These are two in number {rarely wanting.) An- thers of two rounded lobes, opening nearly vertically, each into 2 valves. Germen roundish, compressed, carinated on one side, tapering into a style about its own length, and terminated by a flattish rather expanded stigma. Fruit a utricle, transverseh oblong, compressed, emarginate at the top, on which is the short persistent style. Seed 1, very hard, oval, lying horizon- tally in the utricle, and fixed by its lower side. Embryo oblong, monocotyledonous, horizontal, central, surrounded by a whitish fleshy albumen." Hook. 1. c.
24. CRYPTA, ^'uttalL
Calyx 2-leaved, inferior. Corolla 2-^3-petaIIed.. closed. Style almost wanting. Stigma obtuse. Cap- sule 2 — 3-celled, 2 — 3-valved; cells 4 — 5-seeded. J\'utf. Jour. Acad. Philad, I. p. 117, t. 6, f. 1. Gen, II. Supp. Peplis Pursh. Dwightea Ives, in lit. Nat. Ord. Portulace^ Juss.
C. minima iN'utt. I.e. Fevlis americana Pursh Fh
p. 238. M u h I. Herb. (A* u 1 1.)
Root fibrous, annual ? Stems prostrate, creeping and rooting ; branches assurgent, half an inch or an inch high, succulent, (with 6 or 8 dissepiments diverging from a common axis. JVutt) Leaves cuneate-obovate, opposite, entire, obtuse, I -nerved. Florjers very minute, globular, axillary, with mi- nute stipules at the base. Calyx leaves oval, concave, obtuse. Corolla 2-petalled (sometimes 3. A'ur?. ;) petals roundish, concave, obtuse, closely incumbent over each other and the germ, white. Stamens generally 2, rarely 3, seated on the base of the petals; filaments about as long as the germen ; anthers roundish, 2-celled. Style very minute and short ; stigma ob- tuse. (Style 0; stigmas 2 or 3, like so many minute points, which arc only visible through a strong lens. J\fu 1 1.) Capsule globular, depressed, membranaceous; seeds 2 — 3 in each cell, large in proportion to the capsule, oblong-cylindrical, obtuse^ a little incurved, striate longitudinally, and transversely corru- gate. (Perisficr?n 0. ^miryora erect, flat ; radical cylindric, large, descendent. Cotyledons 2, small, subovate. JVji 1 1.)
Hab. On the sandy margins of ponds on the south side of Long- Island, particularly near Islip. Along the ponds and streams
CRYPTA. DIANDRTA. MONOGYNIA. 33
around New-Haven, Connecticut. Prof. I-v e s. On the banks of the Delaware near Philadelphia. jYu 1 1 all. On the shores of the Hudson near Albany, New-York. Eaton. August. A singular little plant, allied to Montia ; very properly erected into a new genus by Nuttall, who has admirably illus- trated it in the Journal above quoted. It is probably widely- spread over the country, though not easily detected on account of its minuteness. I have specimens from Mr. .Yu ttall^ which he collected more than a thousand miles up the Mis- souri. First discovered by Prof. Iv e s, of New-Haven, who called it Dwightea, but never published a description.
CLASS III.
T R I A N D R I A.
ORDER I. MONOGYNIA.
A. Flowers superior, t. complete.
25. FEDIA.
tt. incomplete. 26. IRIS. 27. LACHNANTHES.
B. Flowers inferior.
t. complete.
28. COMMELINA. 29. XYRIS.
tt. incomplete.
30. SCHOLLERA. 31. HETERANTHERA.
32. SISYRINCHIUM.
C. Flowers glumaceous.
33. KYLLINGIA. 39. CYPERUS.
34. SCIRPUS. 40. ERIOPHORUM,
35. SCHOENUS. 41. FUIRENA. 3G. RHYNCHOSPORA. 42. CENCHRUS.
37. MARISCUS. 43. LIMNETIS.
38. DULICHIUM, 44. ORYZOPSIS.
25. FEDIA. Gaert.
Calyx 1 -leafed, 3 — 6 toothed. Corolla monopeta- lous, unequally 5-cleft. Capsule (nut ?) crowned with the persistent calyx, 3-celled; only one of the cells
iEDiA. TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 35
usually fertile. Gaert. ^q fruct. et seinin. II. p. 36. Mich. Fl. I. p. 18. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 21. Boem, &? Schult. Gen. 120. Valeriana sp. Lin, Va- LERiANELLA De C a n (l. Nat. Ord. Dipsace^e Juss, Valeriane^ De Cand,
F. radiata Mich,: leaves spatulate-oblong, nearly en- tire ; fruit pubescent, somewhat 4-sided, naked at the top, Mich.X.c. FaA/ £nw7n. II. p. 21. Pt/r s /i F/. I. p. 28. Elliott Sk. I. p. 42. Roem, <^ Schult. I. p. 363. Valeriana radiata Willd, Spec, I, p. 184. Y, locusta t. radiata Lin. sp.pl. 48. V. locmta Walt, Car, p. 66. V. cauie dichotomo, &c. G ron, Virg. 10.
Root annual. Stem mostly erect, about a foot high, dichotomous, nearly round, slightly pubescent. Leaves opposite, rather ob- tuse, finely ciliate on the margin. Flonvers in fastigiate co- rymbs, with lanceolate bracts at the base, forming a kind of in- volucrum. Calyx minute, 3 — 4-ioothed. Corolla pale blue, gibb(jus at the base ; segments ovate, very obtuse. Stamens long, exserted. Stigma simple, obtuse.
Hab. In fields; near Albany. Eaton. In Pennsylvania. Mu hie nb erg. May. I i.ave specimens collected by Capt. Douglassj on Gross Isle, Detroit-river.
26. IRIS. L.
Corolla 6-parted ; 3 of the segments reflected, the others erect or connivent. Style short, or 0. Stigmas 3, petaloid, covering the stamens. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded. Gen. pi. 79. Nutt. Gen. I. p.22. Juss.\).57. Roem.y Schult. Gen.l^:^. L a m. III. t. XXXlll. Nat. Ord. Irides. Juss.
Flag, Flower-de-luce.
1. I. versicolor L. : flowers beardless ; stem terete, more or less flexuous ; germen somewhat triangular ; leaves ensi- form.
a. sulcata : stem slightly compressed ; interior petals longer than the stigmas ; germen with the angles distinctly sulcate, sides concave ; capsule oblong, ventricose ; angles indistinctly furrowed. I. versicolor Will d. Spec. I. p. 233. excl. syn. D i 1 1, hort. Elth. t. 1 55. f. 1 87. Elliott SK \. p. 45. Big. Med, Bot. t. 16. Walt, Car. p. 67. 1. virginica P urs h Fl. I. p. 29. excl. syn. Bot, Mag. t. 703. Big. Bost. p. 12. I. americana stylo crenato, Dili, hort, Elth, Uld5,L\Q7.
^^,0 TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. mis.
/g. communis : stem erect, distinctly flexuous ; leaves narrow-ensiform ; interior petals a little shorter than the stigmas ; angles of the germen not grooved when young ; sides deeply concave ; capsule cylindrical-oblong. I. ver- sicolor Pursh Fl. 1. p. 29. Curtis Bot. Mag. t. 21 = I. americana stylo non crenato Dill. I. c. f. 187.
Root large and fleshy, creeping. S(e7n 2 — 3 feet, rather taller than the sword-shaped leaves. Flowers 2 — 4, in a terminal raceme. Segments of the corolla spatulate, blue variegated with yellow ; interior segments of a paler colour. Filaments inserted into the tube of the corolla ; anthers linear, very long, yellow. Stigmas very large and resembling petals, strap- shaped, 2-toothed at the base. Ca/isule, when ripe, obscurely triangular ; seeds flat, triangular.
Hab. In wet meadows, ponds and rivulets : the variety a. is less common than /S. which is abundant throughout the United States. May — June. Common Flag.
2. I. virginica L. : flowers beardless ; stem solid terete ; leaves very long and narrow ; capsule elongated, prismaticj acute at each end. W illd. Spec. I. p. 232 ? M u h I. Cat. p. 4. \. gracilis Big. Bast. p. 12. ]. prismatica Pursh /"/. I. p. 30. i^o em. (^ ,Sc Awn. I. p. 47G. Cat. pi. J^ezo- York, p. 12.
Root large and fleshy, creeping. Stem round, smooth, slender, marked by a prominent line on opposite sides, but never anci- pitous. Leaves seldom lialf an inch broad, and often much narrower, generally overtopping the stem. Floivers 3 — 6, in a terminal raceme ; fictuls spatulate, the 3 exterior ones spread- ing, purple on the edges, yellow in the middle; the interior ones longer than the stigmas, slightly emarginate. Germeii triangular, angles deeply grooved. Capsule distinctly trian- gular, sides flat.
IIab. In wet meadows and swamps. In the brackish meadows between Newark and Hackinsack. In the pine-barrens of New-Jersey abundant. In the vicinity of Boston. Bigelow. Near New-Haven, Connecticut. Prof. Ives. In Pennsylva- nia. Muhlenberg. June.
There has been much confusion respecting the two species of lias here described, the principal cause of which is the im- perfect descriptions given of tliem by L i n nxus and Wi 1 1- denonv. The Iris virginica of Purgh and other botanists is not sufiicienlly distinct from I. versicolor. Our l.' virginica is the true plant of Linn a: us, according to Muhlenberg's Herbarium, which I have lately had an opportunity of examin- ing. _ Pursh quotes the >^-. in Dillen. Hort. Eltham (188.) for his I. virginica, but the plant there represented is certainly only a variety oil. versicolor, to which it is referred by Will- denow. The character of the crenated stigma, represented hy Dillenius,i% not noticed by Purs h, and was probably
IRIS. TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 37
only an accidental variation. The 1. versicolor of Curiis^ Bot. Ma^. t. 21, Dr. Bigelow supposes, and I think with much reason, to be only a luxuriant variety of our common species : the stem is represented much more flexuous than I have ever observed it.
3. I. lacustris JV u 1 1. : flowers without a bearded crest ; leaves eiisiform, much shorter than the 1 -flowered scape ; pe- tals nearly equal, attenuated on the tube ; capsule turbinate, 3-sided, margined; roots tuberous. JSfutl. Gen. I. p. 23. Torrey in Sill. Jour. IV. p. 57.
Roots extensively creeping and forming dense tufts. Leaves 3 — 5 inches long, and about a quarter of an inch broad. Scafie compressed, not an inch long, clothed with very short leaves, or rather sheaths. Petals obtuse and emarginate, pale blue, the exterior ones marked with a slight crest I the interior ones narrower, but about the length of the others. Stigmas shorter than the petals. ^ ;
Kab. On the gravelly shores of the calcareous islands of Lake Huron, near Michilimacinack. Xuttall. I have specimens from Presq-Isle in the same lake, collected by Catit. Dou g- lass., who found it abundant among the pebbles on the shore. Found in flower June 5th.
The flowers of the species of Iris being of such delicate structure that they lose many of their characters in drying, I am unal)le to determine whether the plant above described is distinct from I. cristata of A it on. It does not dilTer from the description in the Hort. Keivensis, except in having, ac- cording to J^fu (tall, flowers destitute of a bearded crest. It appeared to me, however, in the specimens collected by Capt. Douglass which I examined, that there was an indistinct crest on the outer petals, which might have been more elevated in the living plant. Mr. .A'u 1 1 all himself remarks, that it ap- pears allied to I. cristata, and that he had seen no perfect spe-
cmiens.
27. LACHNANTHES. Elliolt.
Calyx superior, petaloid, externally hirsute, deep^v 6-parted, nearly equal. Style declining; stigma mi- nutely 3-lobed. Capsule globose, 3-celled; cells 3 — 6-seeded. Elliott Sk. I. p. 47. Dilatris jXutt. Gen. I. p. 24. Heritiera Mich. Fl. I. p. 20. Anonymos IValt. Car. p. 67. Nat. Ord.
IrIDES JllSS. H^MODORACEiE E. BroxvTi.
h.tindoria Ell. I.e. Anonymos /mc/on Walt. I.e. Heritiera tinclorum Bo s c. Bull, de la Soc. philom. n. 1 9. p. 145. (fide R. S,r S.) Redo u i e I iliac. V. t. 247. G m c L
38 TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. lachnanthes.
Si/sl. Veg. p. 113. H. Gmclini Mich, Fl. I. p. 21. t. 4.
ViLATRis Heritiera P ers. Syn.l. p. 54. Boem.ir Schult.
I. p. 483. D. tinctoria Pursh Fl. l. p. 30. JRooi fibrous, perennial, of a reddish colour. Stem erect, simple, about 2 feet high, hairy towards the summit. Leaves ensi- form, 8 — 10 inches long and 4 or 5 lines wide, smooth, sheath- ing at the base. Flowers in a terminal corymbose panicle. Calyx (corolla Elliott and others) with the 3 exterior seg- ments linear; the others lanceolate, all of them tomentose ex- ternally, and yellow within. Filaments equal, {Elliott) in- serted into the base of the inner segments of tne calyx ; an- thers linear-oblong, involuted when dried. Style filiform, as long as the stamens. Cafisule crowned with the persistent calyx, obsoletely triquetrous, opening at the angles; apex truncated. Seeds (6 — 7 in eacn cell Walt.) round, and somewhat compressed. Hab. In the sandy swamps of New-Jersey. Pursh. In the same State, near Piiiladelphia. Barton. July. Muhlen- b erg., in his Catalogue, has given New-York as a habitat of this plant; but I am assured by Prof. J. Green, that the only authority for this is a small Herbarium of his, in which was a specimen of Lachnanthes erroneously labelled as from New-York. This collection was sent to Muhlenberg for ex- amination, who noted all the localities of the specimens it con- tained. Red-root. The genus Lachnanthes o^ Elliott is still retained in DiLATRis by JVu ttall. With deference, however, I am obliged to differ from this excellent botanist in this instance. The for- mer appears to have sufficient characters to constitute a dis- tinct genus, namely, its monopetalous corolla, equal filaments, and many-seeded cells. De C and o lie thinks the Ameri- can plant differs generically from the 3 species of Dilalris found at the Cape of Good Hope, in the dissepiments of the capsule growing from the interior margin of the valves, as well asintiieequality of the stamens. De C and. afiud. Re d o ut e 1. c. It also differs from Argolasia, to which it has much affinity, in being triandrous insiead of hexandrous.
28. COMMELINA. L.
Calyx 3-leaved. Corolla 3-petailed. Stamens 6 ; 3 — 4 stt;rile, and furnished with cruciform glands. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved ; one of the valves often abonive. Gen. pi. 86. Niitt. G(?«. I. p. 27. Juss. p. 45. Roem. ^ Schult. Geti. 156. Lam. 111. t. XXXV. Nat. Ord. JuNci Juss. Commeline^ R.Brown. Daij-fiower.
\. C. angiistifolia Mich.: assurgent; slender; rather smooth ; petals unequal, (one very minute j) leaves linear-
coMMEMNA. TRfANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 39
lanceolate : bracts peduncled, short-cordate. M i c h. FL L
p. 24. Vahl E7ium. II. p. 265. Pursh FL I. p. 31.
Muhl. Cat, p. 4. Roem. ^ Schult. I. p. 528. C.
erecta IV ill d. Spec. I. p. 250 ? C. truncata W illd, Supp.
Eniim. hort. Berol. I. p. 5. R o e m, ^- Schult. 1. c. 528. Rooc perennial, with fleshy fibres. Stem erect ? branched a little below, about a foot high. Leaves lanceolate ; border of the sheaths fringed with ferruginous hairs. Involucrufn (bractea) cordate-falcate. Petals cordate, very entire, blue ; the lower one much smaller, pedicellate. Abortive stamens (nectaries jL.) 4, pedicellate, and supporting cruciform anthers; one of them much smaller. Fertile stamens "H. 5^z//e subulate ; stig- ma simple. Capsule subglobose, indistinctly 3-sided. Seeds 2 in each cell, oval. Hab. Borders of a swamp 2 miles from Flushing, Long-Island. Mr. P. Dudgeon. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg, June.
2. C. virgiynca L,: petals nearly equal; stenf\ erect, a
little pubescent ; leaves long-lanceolate, subpetiolate ; throat.
bearded. Will d. Spec. I. p. 25 1 . P ur s h FL h ip, 31.
Elliott SkA. p. 49. Vahl Emm. \L p. '267. Wait.
Car. p. 68. Roem. ^ S chul t. \. p. 530. C. longifoUa
Mich. FL I. p. 23. C. hirtella Vahl Enum. II. p. 166.
Ephemerum phalangioides, &c, P Ink, Aim, 135. t. 174,
f.4.
Root perennial Stem generally erect, 2 feet high. Leaves ob- long, sometimes ovate-lanceolate, finely serrulate, scabrous on the upper surface, paler and smooth on the under, sprinkled with a few hairs. Sheaths furrowed, rather smooth, the margin and throat ciliate, with a rufous beard. Flowers clustered at the summit of the stem, sometimes axillary in the upper leaves. Bracts nerved, scabrous ; when extended, reniform ; enclosing 2 pedicels, one fertile, the other sterile. Calyx o-leaved ; leaves membranaceous, ovate-lanceolate, the upper one very small Corolla o-petalled; petals nearly round, clawedj sky-blue; the inferior one smaller. JVectaries (abortive sta- mens) 3, ovate, yellow, emarginate at the summit, contracted and 2-cleft at the base ; with 2 lateral glands on footstalks, co- loured, subulate, shorter than the filaments, inserted into the upper side of the germen at its base. Filaments 3, white, longer than the corolla, inserted into the lower side of the germen at its base. .4nthers incumbent, furrowed, somewhat sagittate, yellow. Style longer than the stamens. Elliott. Hab. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. July.
Not having examined this plant in a living state, I have adopted the detailed description of Elliott, though it does not exactly apply to M ic h aux*s C longifolia. The principal discrepancy, however, is in the breadth of the leaves, which is a variable character in the genus.
40 TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. xyris.
29. XYRIS. L,
Flowers in a roundish or oblong head. Cahjx glu- maceous, cartilaginous, 3-valved. Corolla 3-petalled, ^qual. Stigma 3-cleft. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved. Gen. pi. 89. Nu 1 1. Gen. 1. p. 30. Ju s s. p. 44. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen. 167. Lain. III. t.XXXVL Nat. Ord. Junci Juss. Yellow-eyed grass.
1. X. caroliniana Walt,: leaves linear, grass-like; scape 2-edged ; head ovate, rather acute ; scales round. Walt. Car. p. 69. Vahl Enum. II. p. 206. Pursh Ft, I. p. 33. Roem. ^ S chut t.\.Tp. 55\, X. jupacai M i c h, FL I. p. 23. B ig, Bost. p. ] 3. X. fiexuosa Elliott Sk. 1. p. 61. X. foliis gladiatis Groiu Virg. p. 11.
Root somewhat bulbous, cespitose. Scape about a foot higbj straight, or a little twisted, erect, very smooth. Leaves much shorter than the scape, a line or a line and a half wide, flat, or occasionally spirally twisted. Head round-ovate. Outer valve of the calyx (bract £11.) nearly orbicular, rigid, concave, covering the lower part of the corolla, green in the centre, the margin yellowish ; (inferior scales empty ;) inner valves shorter, linear-lanceolate, ciliate on the upper part. Petals yellow, as long as the calyx ; border flat, retuse ; claws narrow. Fila- ments pubescent ; anthers oblong. Style as long as the sta- mens; stig7nas obtuse. Cafisule oblong, membranaceous, ob~ tusely triangular, opening at the angles. Seeds very numerous, minute, oblong, acute at each end.
Hab. In wet meadows and sandy swamps ; not uncommono July — August.
2. X. brevifolia M i c h. : leaves subuiate-ensiform, short; head nearly globose ; interior valves of the calyx shorter than the exterior valve, slightly notched. Mich. Fl.l. p. 23. Elliott Sk. \. \). 52. Pursh Fl.l. ^. 23. Roem.ir Schult. I. p. 552.
Root perennial. Stem 12 — 18 inches high, compressed near the summit. Leaves 3 — 6 inches long, linear-subulate, much twisted. Elliott.
Hab. In Pennsylvania. Mu hlenberg.
30. SCHOLLERA. Schrcb,
Spath 1 -flowered. Anthers of 2 forms. Corolla, tube very long ; limb deeply 6-parted. Capsule 1-celled. Gen. pi. 1711. JVilld. n. act. Soc. scriit. H. Nat. III. p. 438. (fide i^. £s? ^.) Muhl. Cat. -p. 5. Lep- TANTHus Mick. Nat. Ord. Narcissi Juss,
SCHOLLERA. TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 41
S. graminifolia W ill d. I.e. Mil hi. Cat, I.e. S. gramineus Bart. Fl. Am. Sept. t. 54. Leptanthus gra-- mineus M i c h. Fl. I. p. 25. t. 5. f. 2. Per s. Syn. I. p. 56. Heteranthera graminta V a hi Enum. II. p. 45. P ur sh Fl. I. p. 32. CoMMELiNA duhia J acq. Obs. hot. III. p. 9. t. 59. Anonymos aquatica graminifolia. Clayt. Firg-. n.814. RooC perennial. Stem floating, slender, dichotomous, rooting at the base of the lower leaves. Leaves sessile, narrow-linear, 3 — 6 inches long, slightly sheathing at the base. Sfiath short, lanceolate, terminating in a long sharp point. Tube of the corolla very long and slender, a little curved ; border yellow, deeply divided, appearing as if 6-petalled ; segments lanceo- late, acute. Stamens 4 ; filaments broad and flat, inserted into the orifice of the corolla ; 3 of the anthers linear, longer than the style ; the other abortive, shorter than the style. Style thick; stigma obtuse, 3-lobed ? Hab. In flowing water ; not uncommon, July — August.
31. HETERANTHERA. Ruiz ^ Pavon.
Calyx a spath. Corolla^ tube long and slender; border 6-parted, equal. Anthers of 2 forms. Capsule 3-celled, many-seeded, opening at the angles ; dissepi- ment contrary. Ruiz £i? Pav. FL Peruv. I. p. 43. tyi.f.a. Roem.^J Schult. Gen.14.1. Heter- ANDRA P.de Beauvois Trans. Amer. Pkil. Soc. IV. p. 173. Leptanthus il/ic//. i^/. I. p. 24. Nutt, Gen. I. p. 28. Nat. Ord. Narcissi Juss.
H. reniformis /?. c^- P.: leaves orbicular-reniform ; spath
oblong, acuminate, 2 — 3-flowered.- Ruiz ^ Pav on. I.e.
Roem. <^- Schult. I. p. 487. H. acuta Va h I Enum. II.
p. 42. P ur sh FL I. p. 32. Heterandra reniformis P.
de Beauv. 1. c. cum icone. Leptanthus reniformis Mich.
1. c. p. 25. L. peruviana et xirginica P ers. Syn. I. p. 5Q. Root perennial, creeping. Stem prostrate or partly floating, branched at the base, about 3 inches long. Leaves on foot- stalks about 2 inches long, broad-reniform or cordate, with a short point, marked with semicircular nerves meeting at the apex. S/iath closely enveloping the flowers, terminating in a cusp. Corolla white, very evanescent and only partly expand- ing; tube cylindrical; segments oblong. Stamens very un- equal ; filaments inserted into the limb of the corolla at the throat ; anthers, 2 small and nearly round ; the other oblong. Style as long as the tube of the corolla; stigma simple, obtuse. Cafisule oblong, subtriangular, crowned with the persistent style. Seeds oval, marked with about 8 elevated longitudinal lines, and minutely striated transversely.
43 TRfANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. he'Teranthera /
Hab. In muddy, overflowed situations. On the banks of the Passaic, 8cc. New-Jersey. Near Fishkill, New-York. In Si)utli-Bay, below Hudson. Eaton. Near New-Haven, Connecticut. Prof. Ives. In the vicinity of Philadelphia, common ; and in the Slate of Delaware. Barton. July — August.
32. SISYRINCHIUM. L,
Spatha 2-leaved. Corolla (calyx Juss.) 6-petalIed/ flat, tqual. Stamens cohering below. Stigma 3-cleft. dpsule 3- celled. Gen. pL llOl. JVutt. Gen. I. p. 24. Ju ss. p. 57. Roe m. b' Schul t. Gen. 143. Lam. III. t. DLXIX. Nat. Ord. Irides Juss. Munoecia monadelphia L i n. Blue-eyed Grass.
1. S. anceps C a v a n. : scape 2- edged, winged, simple, nearly iealiess ; spath about 4-flowered, unequal, shorter than the flowers ; petals mucronate. Willd. Spec. HI. p. 579. Pers.Spi.l.p.5Q. P u r s h Fl. \. p. 31. Big.Bosf. p 161. Roem. ^r S c hu 1 1, I. p. 493. S. hermudianum Mich. Fl. II. p. 33. S. bermudianum «, Lin. Syst. Veg.. 682. S. graminmm L a m. Encyc. I. p, 403. Curt. Mag, 464. Redout e liliac.Y. t. 282. Bermudiana graminea, &c. Dill. hort. Ellh. t. 41, f, 49? Sys. bermudiense, «fec. Pluk.Alnu 368. t. 61. f. 2.
Root perennial. S<em about a foot high, a little branched to- wards the top, remarkably alicipitous, with the margins ex- tended into wings. Leaves narrow-linear and grass-like. S/iath consisting of 2 lanceolate acute valves nearly equal. Floivers on slender peduncles projecting beyond the spath, blue ; pe- tals emarginate, with a central cusp, narrowed at the base. Stamens at first connected by their filaments at the base into a tube ; anthers linear. Style passing through the tube of the stamens, and equalling it in length ; stigmas a little spreading, Cafisule large, globose, obscurely triangular, 3-valved.
Hab. In Wft meadows, among grass ; common. Sometimes in sandy woods ; as in the pine-barrens of New-Jersey. May — June.
Willdenoiv quotes the synonym of Dil tenius, (uL supra) under his S. anceps, but the petals, in the figure, are ol>long-lanceolate and acuminate, which is not the. case in cup plant.
2. S. mucronatum Mich.: scape simple, winged ; spath coloured, one of the valves extended into a long marcescent point. Mich. FLU. Y>.33. P e r s. Syn.\. p. 50. Pnrsk Fl. 1. p. 31. Roem. <^ Schul t. I. p. 494. S. cceruleum, &c. PluL £lm.. 36B.t. Ql,(. \.
' stsvRiNCHiUM. TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 43
Eooi perennial, fibrous. Stem cespitose at base, about a foot high, setaceous and rather dry; margin distinctly winged, aS in the preceding species. Spath consisting of 2 very unequal valves; one of them about as long as the peduncles, the other continued half an inch or more beyund the flowers, and ending in a rigid point ; both of them strongly coloured, generally of a violet colour. Flowers about 4 in each spaih ; fieduncles veiy slender, each with a glumaceous bract at the base ; petals obcuneate, emarginate and mucronate, blue. Stamens^ cap- sule., 8cc. as in the preceding species.
jHab. In sandy fields. Long-Island, near Islip, &c. ; also in New-Jcrsey, near Philadelphia. In Pennsylvania. Mu h len- der g. June — July.
This species is easily distinguished from S. ance/is by Us large coloured spath.
33. KYLLINGIA, L.
Flowers distinct, disposed in a roundish, sessile, subimbricated spike. Cali/x 2-valved, 1 -flowered. Corolla 2-valved, longer than the calyx. Gen. pi. 91. JVutt. Gen. I. p. ho. Juss. p. 37. Roem, £s? Scliult. Gen. 188. Lam. 111. t. XXXVIII. Nat. Ord. Cyperoide^ Juss,
K. monocephala L.: stem filiform, 3-angled ; head glo- bose, sessile ; involucrum 3-leaved, very long. W il I d. Spec, \, p. 256. Va h I Enum. II. p. 379. Muhl. Gram. p. 3. FAliott Sk.\. ^. b^, R o em, 4r S chul t. Gen. U. p. 236.
Boot perennial, creeping, stoloniferous. Culm 3—12 inches high. Leaves linear, shorter than the stem. Head always single, uniformly inclined to one side. Involucrum sometimes with a fourth leaf; one of the leaves always erect and twice or thrice the length of the horizontal ones. Elliott. Hab. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. Probably distinct from the K. monocephala of India.
34. SCIRPUS. L,
CalyXy glumes 1-valved, 1-flovvered, imbricated on all sides. Gen. pL 94. JVutt. Gen. I. ^. 32. Juss. p.27. ^ciRV\JS I>. Fa hi. Isolepis et Eleocha- ms li. Brown. Fimbristylis Fahl. Tricho- PHORUM Pers. Lam. III. t. XXXVIII. Nat, Ord. C Y p e R 0 1 D liE Jus s. Club-rush,
44 TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. scirpus.
§. I. Seed surrounded with bristles at the base.
f. Style articulated to the seed ; base dilated and fier- sistent. Seed often lenticular. (Spike solitary.) 1—10, Eleocharis R. Br own.
tt- Style filiform^ not bearded^ deciduous. 11 >
17. Scirpus L. F.Brown.
ftf. Style Jili/orm, deciduous. Bristles much longer than the seed. 18 — 19. Trichophorum Pers.
§. 2. Seed naked at the base.
f . Style simfile at the base, not articulated to the seed^ deciduous. 20 — 22. Isolepis R. Brown.
tf. Style bulbous end comfiressed at the base, ciliate on the margin. 23 — 24. Fimbri3Tylis VahL
1. ^. lenuis Willd.: culm very slender, quadrangular ; spike elliptical, acute at each end ; glumes ovate, obtuse ; stamens 3 ; style 3-cleft ; seed rugose. Will d. Enum. hort. J5ero/. 1. p. 76. Muhl,Grajn.p.21. R o eni' ^ S c hu i t. U. p. 127.
Root fibrous, perennial. Culm naked, 8 inches or a foot high, acutely quadrangular, with the sides sulcate ; the lower part with one or two purple truncate sheaths. S/iikc at first rather obtuse ; the 2 or 3 lower glumes larger and empty. Glumes very dark brov/n, with a whitish scarious margin. Seed round- ish, obtusely triangular, brown, crowned with an orbicular tu- bercle. Bristles 2 — 3, sometimes wanting.
Hab. Swamps, and borders of ponds; generally in brackish water. June — July.
A very common plant, but not described by Purs h. It was probably confounded by him with the S. r/uadrangularis of Michaux, as it was' by Muhlenberg in his Cata- logue. The real S. guadrangularis is a very different plant, which probably only inhabits the Southern States. It is well described by Elliot t^ and also by Muhlenberg, who calls it S. marginatus,
2. S. glaucus*: culm many-angled, glaucous ; spike ovate, acute; glumes ovate, obtuse or emarginate. Stamens 3; tstyle 2-cleft. Scirpus No. 7. (anonymos) M u h I. Gram.
scmrvs. TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 45
p. 29. S. glaucecms Willd. Enum. hort. BeroL I. p. 76? Roem. ^ Schiilt. II. p. 126?
Root perennial. Culm very slender, about a foot high. Sfiike brownish. Glumes very obtuse and generally emarginale. Bristles 4, longer than tlie seed, but shorter than tlie tubercle. p[AB. Borders of salt marshes near New -York. July.
This species differs from the S. tuberculosus of Ali c haux^ which Mu hi en b erg remarks it should be compared Vfith, in having an angular, instead of a round, culm, Sec.
3. S. palustris L. : stem round, inflated ; spike oblong- lanceolate ; glumes somewhat obtuse ; seed roundish, punc- tate and rugose ; bristles scabrous. Willd. Spec. I. p. 291, Pursh Fl.\.p.5i. Elliott Sk.\. p. 77. Mu hi. Gram. p. 28. Ri.TE.ocnK^is palustris Roem.^- Schult. II. p. 151.
Culm erect, a foot and a half or two feet high, slightly striate, leafless. Sheaths very long, embracing the lower part of the culm. Sfiike sometimes oblique; the lower glUmes larger, and often empty. Seed crowned with a conical tubercle, yel- lowish, as long as the bristles. Stamens 3. Style 2-cleft,
Hab. In overflowed meadows, and on the borders of ponds. June.
4. S. capltatus L. : culm terete, or somewhat compressed ; spike ovate, obtuse ; seed oval, compressed, smooth. Sp, pi. 70. fVi 1 1 d. Spec. 1. p. 294. excl. syn. nisi L in. et G r o n* Wa 1 1. Car. p. 70. Pursh Fl. I. p. 55. Elliott Sk. I. p. 77. Muhl. Gram. p. 30. S. ohtusm Willd. Enum. h. BeroL I. p. 76. Roem. ^r Schult. II. p. 126. Eleo- CHAB.IS capita ta R. B r 0 w 71. Roem.^r Schult. U.^. 153,
Root fibrous, perennial. Culms cespitose, erect, attenuated be- low the spike. Sfiike sometimes almost globose; glumes pvate-round, brown, with membranaceous margins. Tubercle of the seed conical, acute. Bristles 6, a little longer than the seed. Stamens 3. Style bifid.
Hab. In similar situations with the preceding. July — August.
5. S.acicularis L. : culm setaceous, quadrangular; spike ovate, acute, 3 — 6-flowered ; glumes somewhat obtuse ; sta- mens 3 ; style bifid ; seed obovate. W Hid. Spec. I. p. 295. Vahl Enum. II. p. 215. S. trichodes M u h I. Gram, p. 30. Elliott Sk. I. p. 76. S. capillaceus Mich. Fl. I, p. 30. Eleoch ARis acicularis R.oem. ^' Schult. 11. p. 154,
Culm 3-^6 inches long, hair-like, cespitose. Spikes seldom more than 4-flovvered ; sometimes even single-flowered. Lowest glume large, empty, and obtuse. Seed white or yellowish, obscurely triangular, marked with 6 or 8 prominent longitu- dinal lines and finely striated transversely. Bristles 4, rarely wanting.
46 TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. scmpus.
Hab. Borders of ponds ; generally partly under water. June— = July.
Differs a little from the S.acicularis of Europe, particularly in having much more slender culms and bristles at the base of the seed. In some specimens of S. acicularis from Europe, I have found, occasionally, one or two bristles at the base of the seed. S. trichoidea et exigua of Humboldt and Bon- pland ^VQ not very distinct from this species.
6. S. ptisillus Vahll: culm compressed and a little angular ; spike ovate, compressed ; seed obovate ; stamens 3 ; style 2— 3-cleft. Elliott Sk. I. p. 75. Vahl Enum. 11. p. 246 ?
Cufm erect, about an inch high, slightly furrowed on one side, rigid Tubercle crowning the seed conic. Bristles about 6.
Hab. In salt marshes; growing in large patches like mosSo July — August.
7. S. intermeclius M u h L: culms cegpitose, quadrangularj sulcate ; spike ovate-oblong, acute; giumes rather acute; stamens 3 ; style 2-cIeft; seed broad-obovate, compressed; tubercle distinct. Muhl. Gram. p. 31.
Boot creeping. Culm slender, ascending, 3 or 4 inches long. Spikes a little variable in length ; sometimes appearing bifid by the divarication of the lower glumes on one side. Glumes dark brown, with green sides. Bristles 6, longer than the seed. Tubercle very minute, conic, distinct from the seed, which is generally of a greenish colour.
Hab On the muddy and overflowed banks of rivers; sometimes in sandy swamps. Not rare in the vicinity of New-York. Near Dcevfiekl, Massachusetts. Coo ley. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. September.
8. S. planifolius Muhl.: culm triquetrous; radical leaves linear, flat, nearly equalling the culm ; spike terminal, oblong, compressed, shorter than the cuspidate bracts at the base. Muhl. Gram. p. 32.
Boot a tuft of large fibres. Culms cespitose, about a span high, acutely triangular, scabrous on the angles. Leaves carinate, margins scabrous, the lower ones shorter and broader. Spike at first lanceolate, about 6- flowered; glumes ovate, mucronate, yellowish; the 2 lowest ones bracteiform, unequal ; the exte- rior one longer than the spike. Stamens 3. Style deeply 3-cleft ; stigmas long and glandular. Bristles 4, rather longer than the triangular seed.
Hab. In wet woods, and in bogs. Deerfield, Massachusetts. Hitchcock and Cooley. In the western parts of the State of New-York. Stevenson. In Pennsylvania and Delaware. Mu h lent erg. May — June.
sciftptfs. TRIANDRTA, MONOGYNIA. 47
9. S. suhterminalis* : culm floating, silicate, inflated, leafy below ; spike solitary, somewhat terminal, lanceolate ; style 2-cleft ; seed triquetrous.
Root fibrous. Culm 3 feet or more long, of a spongy texture ; when dried, much roughened by the irregularly-contracting medulla. Leaves very narrow, concave. Sfdke about as large as in S. fialustris, shorter than the large bract (or rather con- tinuation of the culm) at its base. Glumes ovate-lanceolate, mucronate. Stamens 3. Style a little cleft. Seed large, acutely triangular, surrounded by 6 bristles, which it nearly equals in length.
Hab. In ponds and streams of fresh water near Deerfield, Massachusetts. Br. Coo ley. August. The whole plant, except the spikes, is under water.
10. S. ccespitosus L.: culms cespitose, terete; spikes ovate, few-flowered ; lower glumes bracteiform, as long as the spike; sheaths with rudiments of leaves. Sp,pLl\, IVilldc Spec. I. p. 292. Vakl Enum. II. p. 243. Wahl, FL Lcpp.ip. 13. Eng.Bot. t* 1029. Roem, ^ Schult. IL p. 122.
^. callosus Big, MS.: glumes thickened and carti- laginous at the tips.
JRoot fibrous, fasciculose. Culm about a span high, slender, finely striate; lower part densely covered with imbricated sheaths, Inferior sheaths marcescent, obtuse; the upper ones green, producing a very short, obtuse leaf. Sfiike 4 — 5-flovvered, compressed. Glumes yellowish-brown, obtuse; the 2 lower ones resembling bracts ; the exterior a little longer, and the other a little shorter, than the spike. Stamens 3. Style 3-cleft. Bristles 6, smooth, longer than the germen. Ripe seed no' seen.
Hab. On the White Hills of New-Hampshire. Bigeloii? and Bo 0 1 1. July.
For specimens of this interesting plant I am indebted to Prof. Bige I 01V. Though it differs in some respects from the European species, it does not seem specifically distinct. To S. cain/iestris it has much affinity.
11. S. americanus Pers.: culm nearly naked, trique- trous; sides concave; spikes lateral, (I — 5.) ovate, conglom- erate, sessile ; glumes round-ovate, mucronate ; seed tri- quetrous, acuminate. Pers. Syn.]. p. 68. Pursh FL L p. 56. Elliott Sk, I, p. 80. Roem. ^ Schult. U. p. 129. S. triqneter M icL FL I. p. 30, MuhL Gram. p. 33. Big, Bosl, p. 14.
48 TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. ' scirpus*
Culm 5 — S feet high, slender, clothed at the base with one or two sheaths, which generally bear leaves 6 — 8 inches in lengths Sfiikea bursting from the culm a few inches below the summit, which is erect and mucronate. Glumes ferruginous ; margins scarious and sometimes a little pubescent. Stamens 3. Style 2-cieft. Seed compressed on the one side, convex on the two others. Bristles 6, longer than the seed.
Hab, In salt marshes and swamps, and on the banks of rivers; common. July — August. I have noticed 3 varieties of this piarit. 1. The common one of our salt marshes in this vici- nity ; 4 or 5 feet high ; spikes 2 or 3, growing out of the side of i!ie culm from 3 to 6 iiiches below the extremity. 2. Culm 3 — 4 feet high, thick ; spikes 3 — 5, nearly terminal. Grows near New-Haven, Connecticut. S. miKronaius P ur sh? 3. Culm very slender, 2 feet high ; sheaths leafy ; spike gene- rally single, remote from the extremity of tlie culm. Col- lected near New-Haven by Mr. E. Leavenworth.
12. S. debilis Muhl.: culms cespitose, deeply striate ; spikes about 3, lateral, ovate, sessile ; glumes ovate, obtusej mucronate. Muhl. Gram. p. .34. Pursh FL I. p. 55. Roem. ($r Schult. II. p. 128.
Culm from a span to a foot in height, with a few subulate leaves at the base. Sfiikes 1 — 3, turgid, short-ovate, rather acute, bursting out of the side of the culm 2 or 3 inches from its ex- tremity. GUanes broad-ovate, smooth, carinate, sometimes acu- minate; margins membranaceous. Stamens 3. Style 2-cleft. Seed obovate, flat on the inner side, convex on the other, shin- ing, with obscure impressed dots. Bristles 4 — 5, a little longer than the seed.
Hab. Borders of ponds, particularly in sandy soils. Long-Island, near Babylon, he. Banks of the Connecticut River. In Penn- sylvania, &c. August — September.
I have specimens of S. debilis from Massachusetts, in which there are no bristles at the base of the seeds.
13. S.lacustris L. : culm terete, attenuated above, naked; panicle subterminal ; spikes peduncled, ovate. W il Id. Spec, I. p. 296. jyjtch. FL I. p. 31. Pursh FL I. p. 55. Elliott Sk. I. p. 31. Muhl. Gram. p. 32. Roem. ($•- Schult. II. p. 135. S. validus Vahl Enum. II. p. 268. Pursh FL\. p. 56. Roem. <^ Schult. II. p. 138.
Culm 4—8 feet high, more than half an inch in diameter at the base, gradually diminishing towards the extremity. Sheaths at the base of the culm, bearing short leaves. Sfii/ces in an un- equal subdivided panicle or cyme, conglomerated in threes at the extremities of the branches. Glumes ovate, obtuse, and slightly mucronate, brown, pubescent under a lens ; margins cihate. Stamens 3 (sometimes more, Mu h L). Style deeply 2-cleft. Seed obovate, compressed, pointed with the remains of the style. Bristles 4—6, hispid, longer than the seed.
sciBPUs. TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 49
Hab. In ponds and marshes on the borders of lakes and rivers. June.
The plant here described differs from the S. lacustris of Europe, in having a 2-cleft instead of a S-cleft style, and in its ciliate glumes. I have, however, seen specimens of S. iacus- tria from Connecticut, in wrhich the style was 3-cleft. The fianicle varies greatly in size ; sometimes it is much decom- pound, frequently somewhat sessile.
14. S. acutus MuhL: culm terete, (not attenuated,) •potted ; peduncles numerous, sublateral ; spikes oblong ; glumes pubescent, mucronate. MuhL Gram. p. 33. B i g, °Bost. p. 1 5 .?
Culm 4 feet high, of nearly uniform diameter throughout, co- vered with oblong brown spots. Panicle or cyme proliferous ; peduncles compressed, bracteate at the divisions. Glumes brown, ovate, carinate, dilated. Stamens 3. Style 2-cleft. Seed as in the preceding species.
Hab. In ponds and wet swamps. Litchfield, Connecticut. Brace. Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. June — July.
15. S. atrovirens MuhL: culm triangular, leafy ; cyme terminal, compound, proliferous ; involucrum 3-Ieaved ; spikes conglomerate, ovate, acute ; glumes ovate, mucronate, pu- bescent. MuhL Gram. p. 43. Willd, Enum. h. BeroL 1. p. 79. Roem, ir Schult. II. p. 143.
Culm obtusely triangular, about 2 feet high. Involucrum foli- aceous, longer than the cyme. S/iikes crowded into small heads of 10 or 12 each, about a line and a half long. Glumes dark green, becoming brownish, terminating in a distinct point. Stamens 3. Style 3-cleft. Seed white, smooth, plano-convex. Bristles 4, longer than the seed.
Hab. In wet meadows; common. June — July. Resembles the next species.
16. S. hrunntus MuhL: culm leafy, obtusely triangular; cyme decompound ; involucrum 3 — 4-leaved ; spikes round- ovate, clustered in heads of about sixes ; glumes ovate, ob- tuse. MuhL Gram. p. 43. S. exaltatus Pursh FL\. p. 56. Elliott Sk. \. ^.^1.- Roem. ^ Schult. IL p. 143.
Culm 2 — 3 feet high, clothed with sheathing leaves nearly as tall as the cyme. Principal branches of the cyme about 5, com- pressed or angular, unequal, with truncate sheaths at the base. Sfiikes rather larger than in the preceding species. Glume* of a brown colour, carinate. Stamens 3. Style 3-cleft. Seed triquetrous, shining, shorter than the bristles which surround the base.
Hab. In water, on the borders of ponds and lakes ; rare. In New-Jersey, near New-York. Deerfield, Massachusetts.
50 TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. scirpus.
Coo ley and Hitchcock. In Pennsylvania. Muhleri' b e rg. August — September.
17. S. macrostnchyos Muhl.: culm triquetrous, leafy; corymb clustered ; involucrum about 3-leaved, very long ; spikes oblong ; glumes ovate, 3-cleft, the middle segment subulate and reflected; style 3-cleft. Muhl. Gram, p. 45. S. robustus Pursh Fl. I. p. 56. R o em, ir S chul t. II. p. 140. S. maritimus /?. macroslachyos Mich. Fl. 1. p. 32, S» maritimus Big, Bost.Tp. 15. Elliott Sk, I. p. 86.
Culm acutely 3-angled, 3 — 4 feet high. Leaves smooth, cari- nate, taller than the culm. Involucrum resembling the leaves. Sfiikes in a kind of conglomerate corymb, 6 — 10 in number, nearly an inch long. Glumes brown, lacerately 3-cleft, pu- bescent. Stamens 3, Seed compressed-triangular, pointed with the remains of the style. Bristles 4, about as long as the seed.
Hab. In salt-marshes, and in ditches near salt-water. July — August.
Nearly allied to S. mariiimusy but differs in the form and size of the spikes, Sec.
^ * ¥
1 8. S. Eriophorum M i c h. : culm obtusely triangular, leafy; panicle decompound, proliferous, nodding; spikes all pedunculate; bristles surrounding the seed exserted. Mich. Fl, I. p. 33. S. eriophorus Va h I Enum. II. p. 282. Roem. <S^ Schult. II. p. 147. Eriophorum c^joenViMm L, Sp.pl. 77. Willd. Spec,\,^p.3\3. B ig» Bost, ^, ]6, Walt, Car. p. 71, Trichophorum cyperinum P e r s. Syn, I. p. 69. Pursh FL I. p. 57. Muhl. Gram. p. 47. Elliott Sk. 1. p. 91. t. 3. f. 4. SciRP. thyrsijiorus Willd. Enum. hort. Berol. 1. p. 78. S, paniculatus, &ic, Gron, Virg, p. 12.
Root perennial. Culm 4 — 5 feet high, very smooth. Leaves a foot or two feet long, linear, scabrous on the margin ; sheaths very long, margin brown. Involucrum of 4 long leaves re- sembling those on the culm, with several intermediate shorter ones. Panicle terminal, much divided and proliferous, partly nodding ; branches sheathed at the base. Sfiikes all peduncu- late, forming small umbels at the extremities of the branches, obtuse. Glumes ovate, obtuse, brown when old. Stamens 3. Style 3-cleft. Seed white, ovate, compressed. Bristles 6, crisped, brownish, projecting much beyond the glumes when the seeds are ripe, giving the spikes a woolly appearance.
Hab. Borders of swamps and in wet meadows; common August.
sciRPus. TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 5i
19. S. linentus Mich.: culm triquetrous, leafy; pan- icles terminal and lateral, decompound, at length nodding ; involucrum 1 — 2-leaved ; spikes ovate; glumes lanceolate, somewhat carinate ; bristles longer than the seed. M i c h. Fl. I. p. 32. Vahl Enum. II. p. 73. Pursh Fl. I. p. 56. Elliott Sk. I. p. 87. S. lineatus et pendulus Muhl. Gram. pp. 44 & 45. Trichophorum lineatum Pers. Syn. I. p. 69. Isolepis lineata Roem. ^ Schult, 11. p. 117.
Culm 2 — 3 feet high, very leafy. Leaves flat, smooth, two lines and a half wide, disposed in a somewhat distichous manner. Panicle or umbel with elongated branches, at first erect, but afterwards nodding. Involucrum a little longer than the leaves. Sfiikes all on peduncles, solitary. Glumes ferruginous, with the carina green. Stamens 3. Style 3-cleft. Seed triangular. Bristles capillary, somewhat interwoven, 6? as long aa the glumes.
Hab. In swamps. Near Poughkeepsie, New-York. Mr. Dudgeon. Plainfield, Massachusetts. Dr. Porter. Au- gust. In sandy wet woods ; New- Jersey to Carolina. Pursh. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg.
There is a little confusion respecting this plant. Pursh affirms that there are no bristles at the base of the seed, Elliot ty also, remarks, that the seeds are naked. But Mu hie nb erg, who evidently describes the same plant, ob- serves that the bristles are longer than the seed ; and so I have found them in my specimens. Hence it appears that the bristles are occasionally wanting in this Scirpus, as they are in S. te- nuis, &;c.
*■ ^ * *
20. S. subsquarrosus Muhl.: culm triquetrous, nearly naked, incurved; spikes 3, nearly terminal, ovate; glumes somewhat squarrose at the tip; involucrum 2-leaved, very long, unequal. Muhl. Gram. p. 39. S, minimus Pursh FL I. p. 55. Elliott SA-. 1. p. 82.
Root fibrous, perennial? Culms cespitose, almost capillary, about 2 inches high, purple below. Leaves nearly radical, setaceous. Involucrum of 2 leaves, one of the leaves much longer than the other and appearing to be a continuation of the culm. S/iikes 2 or 3, sometimes 1, ovate, turgid, crowded. Glumes ovate, acute, purple and brown, carinate, striate ; the extremities mucronate, a little recurved. Stamens 3. St^le 2-cleft. Seed naked, oblong, white.
Hab. On the gravelly banks of rivers. On the Connecticut, near Deerfield, Massachusetts, &c. Dr. Coo ley and Mr. Hitchcock. In the western parts of the State of New- York. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. August.
52 TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. scirpus.
Nearly allied to S. minimus of Ta h /, but probably distinct, as tnat species is a native of Africa. It also resembles S. se- taceusy but is easily distinguished by the involucrum and sub- squarrose spikes.
21. S. capillarls L.: culm nearly naked, triquetrous, capillary ; spikes ovate, 2 — 3 of them pedunculate, with an intermediate sessile one. Lin, Mant, 321, W Hid, Spec, I. p. 302. Vahl Enum, II. p. 276. Pursh Fl, \. p, 37. Muhl. Gram. p. 36. S. ciliatifolim Elliott Sk,L p. 82. IsoLEPis capillaris R o em, ^ S chult. II. p. 11 8. S. pu- sillus autumnalis, &c. Gron. Virg, 10.
Root fibrous, annual ? Culm about a span high, very slender, cespitose. Leaves setaceous, mostly radical, much shorter than the culm, sheathing at the base, ciliate-serrulate ; throat of the sheaths bearded. S/iikes somewhat umbellate, gene- rally 4, ovate-oblong, one, and sometimes two of them nearly sessile, the rest on peduncles half an inch or more long. In- ■volucrum 1 or 2-leaved ; one of the leaves a little longer than the umbel. Glumes oblong, the upper ones obtuse, ferrugi- nous, with a green keel. Stamens 3. Style 3-cleft. Seed short, triquetrous, white, minutely corrugated transversely, naked at the base.
Hab. In sandy fields; plentifully near New-Durham, Nev»^= Jersey, about three miles from the city of New-York. In Pennsylvania and New-England. Muhlenberg. Near Phillipstown, New-York. Dr. Barratt. August.
22. S. autumnatis L,: culm compressed, ancipitous ; umbel compound ; involucrum 2-leaved ; spikes lanceolate, acute, somewhat 4-sided. Lin. Mant, \Z0, Willd.Spec, I. p. 301. Pursh Fl. I. p. 67. Elliott Sk. 1. p. 82. Muhl. Gram. p. 37. Willd. Berl, Mag. II. p. 287. t. 8. f. 1. (fide R. ir S.) S. mucronulatus Mich, Fl, I. p. 31. Roem. ^ So hull. II. p. 145. Fimbristvlis autumnalis Roem, ^ S chult, II. p. 97. S. foliosus pusillus autum- Dahs, &€. Gron. Virg, p. 10.
Root fibrous, perennial. Culm from 8 inches to a foot in height, cespitose, rough above on the margin, leafy at the base. Leave* flat, narrow-linear, nearly as long as the culm. Sheaths slightly bearded at the throat. Spikes sometimes conglomerate in threes at the extremity of the branches of the umbel. Involu- erum unequal; one of the leaves shorter than the umbel. Glumes ovate-lanceolate, mucronate, keeled, a little squarrose at the tips when mature. Stamens 3. Style 3-cleft, not cili- ate. Seed compressed-triangular, smooth, white, naked at the base.
Hab. In low boggy grounds, and in sandy swamps ; common. July— October.
sciRPus. TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 5S
23. S.ferruginens L. ; culm compressed, scabrous above ^ involucrum unequally ciliate ; spikes lanceolate, acute, nearly terete •, glumes pubescent. Sp* pL 74. Wi lid. Spec. 1. p. 304. Muhl. Gram. p. 35. Elliott Sk. I. p. 85. S. puberulus Mich. Fl. I. p. 31. Fimbristylis /errw^i- neus et puberulus V ahl Enum. II. pp. 209 & 29 1 . R o em. ir Schult. II. pp. 97 & 99. F. puberulus Pursh Fl. \. p. 49.
Hoot fibrous, perennial. Culm varying from 2 inches to 2 feet in height, according to the soil in which the plant grows. Leaves a little concave, striate, nearly equalling the culm; sheaths somewhat distichous, pubescent on the margin. Umbel gene- rally simple, consisting of from 3 to 4 rays each bearing a spike, and a sessile intermediate one. Involucrum 3-leaved, one of the leaves longer, and appearing like a continuation of the culm. Glumes ovate, acute, brown. Stamens 3. Style 2-cleft, fimbriate. Seed obovate, compressed, naked at the base.
Hab. In wet meadows, and sometimes on dry hills: in the latter situation it seldom attains the height of a span. On the Island of New-York. In Pennsylvania and New- Jersey. Muhlen- berg. August. Apparently not distinct from the West-Indian plant.
24. S. spadiceus L. : culm compressed, nearly naked ; umbel terminal ; involucrum rigid, 2-leaved, one of the leaves longer than the umbel ; leaves subterete ; spikes ovate-oblong, terete. Sp. pi, 74. JVilld. Spec. I. p. 305. Walt, Car. p. 30. Elliott Sk,\.ip.B4, M uh I. Gram, p, 36. Fim- BRiSTYLis spadicea Vahl Enum. W. p. 294. Pursh Fl. I. p. 49. Roem. ^ Schult. II. p. 101. Gramen cyper- oides, &c. Sloane Hist. I. p. 118. t. 76. f. 2.
Root a tuft of dense fibres. Culms cespitose, tenacious, about 2 feet high, nearly round below, but compressed above. Leaves radical, about half as high as the culm, somewhat channelled on the interior surface ; sheaths dilated, beardless at the throat. Umbel consisting of several compressed peduncles, each bear- ing several spikes. Sfiikes very closely imbricate, when old cylindrical, brown. Glumes nearly orbicular, smooth. Sta- mens 3. Style 2-cleft, distinctly fimbriate. Seed compressed, striate, yellowish.
Hab. In salt marshes. I have found this plant only on the edge of the salt meadow at Hoboken, New- Jersey. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. August.
35. SCHGENUS. L. & Vahl.
Glumes fascicled into a spike, paleaceous, the infe- rior ones empty. Corolla 0. St^/le deciduous. Seed
64 TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. sch(enijs.
1, (mostly naked at the base.) Gen. pi. 92. Vahl Enum. II. p. 207. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 33. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen. 169. Lam. III. t. XXXVIII. Nat. Ord. Cyperoide^ Juss. Bog-rush,
S. mariscoides Muhl.: culm terete or a little sulcate, leafy ; leaves channelled, senniterete ; umbel terminal ; fas- cicles of spikes 3 on each peduncle ; seed naked, rounded at the base. M u h I. Gram. p. b.
Root perennial. Culm about 2 feet high, smooth, or with rough dots. Leaves rounded on the back, channelled above, cylin- drical or triquetrous at the extremity. Flowers somewhat umbelled, terminal ; heads peduncled, consisting of 3 fascicles, each of about 12 spikes; peduncles erect, unequal, com- pressed. S/iilces lanceolate, brown, with bracts at the base ; bracts longer than the spikes. Glumes ovate, carinate. Sta- mens 3. Style 2 — 3-cleft. Seed crowned with the remains of the style, slightly striated longitudinally. Muhl. Hab. In bogs. Pennsylvania. July. Muhlenberg:
I have not had an opportunity of examining this plant, but it appears to resemble S. mariscus, which is the type of the genus Cladium* of R. Br own. It differs, however, in hav- ing fewer spikelets in each fascicle, and in being triandrous.
36. RHYNCHOSPORA. VahL
Glumes fascicled into a spike, the inferior ones empty. Corolla 0. Seed 1, crowned with the per- sistent st3'le; base surrounded with bristles. Fa hi Enum. II. p. 229. R.Brown Prod. Fl. N. Holl. I. p. 230. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 33. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen. 173. Schcenus L. Nat. Ord. CypERoiDEiE Juss.
1. R. alba Vahl : spikes in corymbose fascicles; culm triangular above ; leaves setaceous ; seed somewhat lenticu- lar ; bristles about 10. Vahl Enwm. 11. p. 236. Pursh F/. 1. p. 49. Elliott Sk.\,'^. bl. Ro em. S/ Schult. 1. p. 87. ScKGENUS albus L. Willd. Spec. 1. p. 267. Mich. FL I. p. 34. Big. Bost. p. 13. Muhl. Gram. p. 5.
Root creeping. Culm slender, a foot or 18 inches high, leafy, very smooth. Fascicles axillary and terminal, with setaceous
• Spiculie undique imbricatx 1 — 2 florae, squamis extlmis vacuis. Setr squamulae hypogynac nuUae. Stylus deciduus cum ovario inarticuUtus^ JVmx calva i nucleus lavis. R.Bro-wn Frod, I. p. 236.
KH¥NCHOSPORA. TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 5i)
bracts at the base. S/iikes lanceolate, acute at each end ; glumes crowded, white, lanceolate. Stamens 3 ; sometimes 2, or 1. Seed somewhat stipiiate, nearly lenticular, acuminate with the remains of the style, smooth. Style 2-cleft. Bristles about as long as the seed. Hab. In swamps and bog-meadorvs ; common. July — Sep- tember.
2. R, fusca R. ir S.P culm triquetrous; leaves linear, carinate ; fascicles of spikes alternate, pedunculate ; spikes ovate ; glumes ovate, brown ; seed ovate, with an acute black tubercle. Schcenv s fuscus Muhi. Gram. p. 6. Rhyn. fusca R 0 em. (^ S c htilt, II. p. 88 .'' R. alba 0. fusca Pursh FL I. p. 49.?
Culm 2 feet high. Leaves smooth. Sfiikes bracteate ; bracts setaceous, longer than the spikes. Glumes mucronate. Style 2-cleft. Seed brown, rugose, as long as the hispid bristles.
Hab. In New-York. Muhlenberg, -f.
3. K. glomerata Vahl: spikes in corymbose fascicles, very distant, in pairs ; culm obtusely triangular; leaves flat; seed obovate-cuneiform, \ery smooth, as long as the tubercle. Vahi Enum.U. p.234. P ur s h FL \. p. 43. Elliott Sk. 1. p. 61. R 0 em. ^ S c hu It. II. p. 8G. Schcenub glomerulus L i n. Sp. pi. 65. W i 1 1 d. Spec. I. p. 266. (excl. syn. Thunb.) Muhl. Gram. p. 8. Walt. Car. p. 69. S. culmo triquetro, pedunculis geminis lateralibus, &c. G ron. Virg. 131. Rhyn. capitellata E I li o 1 1 Sk. \. p. 61. Vahl Enum. II. p. 235 .'* Schcen. capitellalus M i c h. FL I. p. 36.
Culm a foot or 18 inches high, slender, smooth and leafy. Leaves about a line and a half wide, carinate, rough on the margin. Flowers in glomerated heads or corymbs, of which there are generally three axillary pairs and one terminal one. S/iikes lanceolate. Glumes brown, lanceolate, carinate, mucronate. Stamens 3. Style 2-cleft. Seed brownish, shining, com- pressed. Tubercle as broad as the seed at the base. Bristles 6, retrorsely scabrous, nearly as long as the tubercle.
Hab. In swamps and bog-meadows; common. July — Sep- tember.
I am a little doubtful respecting the synonyms of Mich aux and Va h I above quoted, but I have no hesitation in referring the R. cafiitellata oi E I lio 1 1 to this species, as his descrip- tion agrees minutely with our plant, as do also specimens of R. cafiitellata sent to me from the Southern States by Mr. Sc hiv einitz. The Schcenus cafiitatus oi Muh I en berg is probably also not distinct from this species.
4. R. capillace.a^: spikes 3 — 5, nearly terminal ; culm triquetrous, somewhat leafy ; leaves setaceous ; seed stipitate.
56 TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. rhynchospora,
a little rugose. Schcenus setaceus Muhl. Gram, p. 6. Will d. Spec. I. p. 268 ?
Culm about a span high, slender. Leaves setaceous. Sfiiket with a setaceous bract at the base. Glumes brown, lanceolate, mucronate, carinate. Stamens 3. Style 2-cleft, persistent. Seed crowned with the remains of the style, surrounded with 6 scabrous bristles at the base ; bristles longer than the seed. IIab. In sandy swamps in the pine-barrens of New- Jersey ? In swamps, Pennsylvania. July. Muhlenberg.
This plant is probably quite distinct from the ScHffiNus seta- ecus of Sw art z and Va h I, as it certainly belongs to the genus Rhynchospora of the latter. The S. setaceus is dian- drous, with the seed subrotund and bidentate ; which characters do not exist in our plant.
5. R. sparsa Vakl: culm triquetrous, leafy; corymbs axillary and terminal, compound, lax ; peduncles capillary ; seed obovate, rugose, much longer than the tubercle. Vahl Ew<m. II. p. 230. Pwrs/} F/. I. p. 48. Elliott SkA. p. G2. t. 2. f. 1. Rotm. ^ Schult, \\.'^.Z3. Schcenus sparsus Mich. Fl. I. p. 35. Muhl. Gram, p. 7.
Culm a foot and a half high. Leaves linear-lanceolate, smooth
Flowers in spreading panicles; the terminal panicle larger,
with linear bracts. Sfiikes ovate, on slender peduncles. Glumes
. ovate, brown, mucronate. Style 2-cleft. Seed white j tubercle
small, acute. Bristles twice as long as the seed.
Hab. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. July. I have seen specimens from the Southern States only.
6. R. cymosa EIL? culm triquetrous, leafy; cymes terminal and axillary ; the terminal one much larger; seed round-ovate, compressed, transversely rugose ; tubercle co- nical. E lliott S/c,[. ip. 5B? Schcenus cymosM* fVilld, Spec, 1. p. 265. Muhl, Gram. p. 8. Scirpus polyphyllus Pursh Fl.l. p. 57.
Culm a foot or 1 8 inches high, smooth and slender, acutely tri- angular. Leaves linear, flat, carinate ; the upper ones over- to^jping the culm. Flowers in fascicled cymes; peduncles unequal, with setaceous bracts at the divisions. Involucrum 2 — 3-leaved, setaceous, longer than the cymes. Sfiikes in little heads of about 5, ovate. Glumes broad-ovate, the lower ones mucronate. Stamens 3. Style 2 — 3-cleft. Seed pale brown, rugose transversely,' finely striated longitudinally. Tubercle (or persistent base of the style) one third the length of the seed, white. Bristles shorter than the seed.
Hab. In swamps. Pennsylvania. July. Muhlenberg. My specimens are from Salem, North-Carolina.
The R. cymosa of Elliott differs from the plant here described, and from Muhlenberg*sy in having a terete
RHYNCHospoRA. TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA 57
culm and smooth seeds. It will perhaps prove to be a distinct ecies.
7. R. laxa Vahl: culm triquetrous; corymbs leaf/, decompound, loose ; spikes subulate ; seed obovate, pointed with the long persistent style. Vahl Enum. II. p. 231. Picrsh FL\. p. 48. Ro e m. ^ S chul t. \\. ^. Qb. R. longirostris Elliott Sk, I. p. 59. Schcenus longirostris Mich, FL I. p. 33. S. corniculatus Lam. III. I. p. 132.
Culm 3 — 6 feet high, a little glaucous. Leaves a foot and a half long, half an inch or more wide, flat, smooth, except on the margin. Flowers in very large corymbs or umbels, axillary and terminal. S/ii/ces loosely fascicled in about fours on the extremities of long triangular peduncles. Glumes about 5 in each spike; the lower ones shorter. Base of the style per- sistent, terminating in a long rigid point three times the length of the seed. Seerf compressed, margined, rugose. Bristles 6y shorter than the seed.
Hab. In swamps on the borders of rivers. Delaware. Mu/i- I e n b e r §:
.37. MARISCUS. Vahl.
Flowers distinct, in a somewhat imbricate spike* Calrjx 2-valved, unequal, 3-flowered. Corolla 1-valved. Stijle 3-cleft» Seed triquetrous. Bristles 0. Vahl Enum. II. p. 379. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 34. Roetn.^ S chit It. Gen. 190. Scirpi species Li?!. Nat. Ord. Cyperoide^ Juss.
I. M. retrofraclus Vahl: umbel simple; rays long;
spikes obovate, retrorsely imbricate ; spikelets subulate, at
length bent backwards ; involucrum 3-leaved. Va h I Enum.
II. p. 373. Pursh Fl.\. \i. 58. E I Ho 1 1 Sk. ]. y,. 74.
Roem. ir Schult. II. p. 245. SciRPUS retrofractus
Lin. Sp.pl. 74. fVilld. Spec. I. p. 304. Muhl. Gram.
p. 40. Cyperi genus indianum, kc. P luk. Aim. 179. t. OK
f. 4.
Culm a foot and a half high, naked, obtusely triangular, pubes- cent ; sometimes with reflected, laciniate scales on the angles. Lea-ues situated at the base of the culm and abcut half its length, linear-lanceolate, pubescent, carinate. Involucrum leaf-like, shorter than the umbel. Rays of the umbel 6 — 8, unequal, compressed, 2 — 6 inches long. Sfiikelets terete, col- lected into an obovate head, at length closely reflected back- wards. Calyx of 2 memb\anaceous leaves, (sometimes 1 -leaved,) much shorter than the flowers. Flowers closely imbricate, (generally but one fertile ;) corolla ovate and lance- olate. Stamen-i: .'?. Seed oblong-linear, grav. piincticulate. 8
58 TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. mariscus
Hab. In wet meadows; rarely in dry fields. August— Sep- tember.
2. M. ovularis Vahl: umbel simple; rays short; spikes globose ; flowers spreading. Va h I Enum. II. p. 374. P nrsh Fl.\. p. bB. /^ o c m. (^ S c /i m / /. II. p. 244. M. echmatus Elliott Sk. \. p. 75. t, 3. f. 1 . Cat. pL New- York., p. 14. KvLLiNGiA ovularis Mich, Fl. 1, p. 29. SciRPUS ec/?i/tc<MS Ltn. IV Hid. SpecA. ^. ZQ^. Muhl, Gra/n. p. 40. C^joerus florJbus capitatus, &c. Gron, Virg, 12. Gramcn cjperoides, &c. P luk. Aim. 179. t. 91. f. 4. Root bulbous, with descenrling fibres. Culm from 6 inches to a fi)c t and a half high, triangular, nearly naked. Leaves shorter than the culm and situatecl at its base, carinate, nearly smooth. Involucrum about 3-leave<l ; leaves unequal, the longest about three times the length of the rays of the umbel. S/iikes 3 — 5 ; sometimes 1 ; the middle one sessile, the rest on spreading rays or peduncles 1 — 2 inches long. Spiketets in the lower part of the head reflected when old, terete ; generally but one of the florets perfecting its seed. Corolla lanceolate j the lower valves ovate. Stamens 3. Style 3-cleft ; a small part of the base persistent. Seed oblong, brown, puncticulate. Hab. Li low boggy grounds; not uncommon in the vicinity of New-York. July — ^^August. In sterile soils it is frequently 1 -spiked, without any rays.
^. tenellus*: culm acutely triangular, slender; involu- crum 3 — 5-leaved; three of the leaves many times longer than the umbel.
Heads consisting of 10 or 12 spikelets. Culm about a foot
high. Hab. On the sea-coast of Long-Island. August.
38. DULICHIUM. Richard,
Spikes somewhat racemose, axillary ; spikelets linear- lanceolate, rather compressed. Glumes distichous, sheathing. Sfi/le very long, bifid ; base persistent. Sf'ed with bristles at the base, i? i ch. in Pers. Syn. I. p. 65. Nntt. Gen. I. p. 35. Schcenus Vahly &c. Nat. Ord, CvpERoiDEyE Juss.
D, spnlhacpum Pers.: culm terete ; leaves, spreading in three directions; spikelets spreading. Pers. Syn. L p. 65. Pur ah Fl. 1. p. 53. Elliott Sk. I. p. 73. t. 2. f. 3 ScHfEN'us spathaceus Lin. Sp. pi. ed. 2. 63. S. an- gustifohns Vahl E7ium. II. p. 225. Roem, ^ Schult^ II. p. 71. Cyperus spathaceus Lin. Syst. Veg. p. 100. Willd. Spec. \, p. 289. M u h L Grayn. p. 26. B i ^r.
:jVLicmmu TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 59
Bost. p. 14. SciRPUs spathaceus M i c h. Fl. I. p. 32. Cyp.
racemis lateralibus, &c. Gron. Virg. \3l, Pluk, Jim.
179. t. 301. f. 1. Root perennial. Culm about 18 inches high, terete below, ob- tusely triangular above. Leaves linear, flat, 2 — 3 inches long, spreading almost horizontally in three directions. Sheaths or stipules {ochrex) cylindric, embracing the culm on all sides. Racemes oblong, simple or compound, on peduncles issuing from the sheaths of the leaves. Sjiikelets 6 — 7-flowered. Glumes lanceolate, very acute. Stamens 3. Style 3-cleft. Seed oblong, triangular. Bristles 6—9, (16 Fa hi.') re» trorsely hispid, longer than the seed. Hab. In swamps and along the borders of ponds ; common. August — September. Near New-York it js generally found in the vicinity of salt water.
The D. canadense olPersoon {Syn. I. p. 65.) I suspect is only a variety of this species,
39. CYPERUS. L.
Spikelets compressed, distinct. Glumes imbricated in two rows. Corolla 0. Style deciduous. Seed 1, naked. Gen. pi 93. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 34. J u s s, p. 27. R. Brown Prod. I. p. 50. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen. 183. Lam, III, t. 38, Nat. Ord. CyPEROiDE^ Juss, Cyprus-grass.
1, C. infiexus M uhl.: umbel 2 — 3-rayed, or conglom- erated and simple ; involucrum 3-leaved, very long ; spike- lets collected into ovale heads, oblong, 8-flowered ; glumes squarrose at the tip. Muhl. Gram. p. 16. C uncinalus Pursh Fl.\. p. 50. C, Purshvi Bo em. i^ Schult. II. p. 177.
Root fibrous, biennial ? Culm 2-~3 inches high, leafy at the base. Leaves linear, flat, equalling the culm. Umbel sessile, or on peduncles 3 — 5 lines long. Heads consisting of from 12 to 20 spikes densely conglomerated. Involucrum foliaceuus ; one of the leaves three times the length of the umbel, carinate. Sfiikelets linear-oblong, compressed, generally 8-flowered. Glumes ovate, acuminate, mucronate, with the puints recurved, strongly 7-nerved, smooth, yellowish-green. Rachis quadran- gular, compressed. Stamen 1. Style 3-cleft. Seed trique- trous, ovate-oblong. Hab. Banks of rivers. On Otter-creek, Vermont. Dr. Jarnes. On the banks of the Connecticut River. Dr. Coo ley and Mr. Hitchcock. Near Albany, New-York. Mr. Trac y. In the vicinity of Cambridge, in the same State. Dr. Ste- venson. On Lake Champiain. Pursh, In Pennsylvania, Muhl en b er^. August — September. Plant odorous.
60 TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNTA. cyperus.
Allied to Cyperus aristatus and sguarrosus of the East- Indies.
2. C, fiavescens L. : spikelets linear-lanceolate, in fas- cicles of 3 — 4; glumes obtuse ; iiy\e 2-cleft; seed lenticular; involucrum 3-leaved, longer than the spikes. Sp. pi, 68. Willd. Spec.\.^.21d. FaA/ £HMm. 11. p. 335. Pursh FL\,p.52. Elliott Sk. \. p. 67. M uhL Gram, p, ]6. Roem. ^ Schult, II. p. 191.
Moot perennial. Culm about a span high, triquetrous, leafy. Leaves few (2 — 3,) slieatiiing the base of the culm, narrow, smooth. Involucrum about 3-leaved, unequal, spreading. Sfiikelets 3 — 4, about 18 flowered (14 — 20) alternate on pe- duncles, which are sometimes elongated inio distinct rays, but generally short, so that the spikelets appear sessile. Glumes ovale ; sometimes with a short, abrupt point, shiping ; sides yellowish ; carina green. Stamens 3. Style 2-cleft, Seed dark brown, oval, mucronate, a Utile wrinkled.
Hab. Borders of salt-marshes, and in low boggy grounds. August — September.
The North-American plant appears to resemble the Euro- pean in every essential character.
3. C Nutlallii^: culm acutely triangular ; umbel radi- ated, or nearly sessile, loose ; rays short ; involucrum 4-leaved, two of the leaves very long; spikelets linear-lanceolate, com- pressed, acute; stamens 2; style 2-cleft; seed oblong, ob- tuse, compressed. Torrey Cat. pi. N. York., p. 89. sub C. ccBspiloso. Sp reng. neue Eutdeck. I. p. 240.
Hoot fibrous, perennial. Culms cespllose, 5 — 12 inches high. Leaves situated mostly at the base of the culm and nearly equalling it in height, narrow-linear. Umbel sometimes very distinctly rayed ; the rays about 3 in number. Involucrum of 2 short and 2 very Ions; leaves. Spikelets very acute, fascicu- late on the rays. Glu7nes rather cartilaginous ; the carina green and striated, the rest of a chesnut colour. Seed glabrous.
Hab. On the borders of salt-marshes. It appears to be confined to the vicinity of salt-water. August — September.
The name of this species is changed, because there is a Cyperus ccesjiitosus described by Poiret in the Encyc. Meth. There is a variety of this plant, of more humble growth, and with nearly filiform culms and leaves, and the spikes fewer flowered. It may be C. Jlavesceus jS. castaneus Pursh Fl. I. p. 53. and probably C drizceus of the same author, though not oi P er s o o n.
4. C . diandrm * : culm slender, obtusely triangular ; um- bel sessile, or 1 — 2-rayed ; involucrum 3-leaved, two of the leaves much longer than the umbel ; spikelets lanceolate- oblong, much compressed, many-flowered (14— 16 ;) glumes
3YPERUS. TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Gl
margined, rather acute, keeled ; stamens 2 ; style 2-cleft ; seed oval, compressed. Torrty Cat. pi. New-Yurk^ p. 90.
Root fibrous, perennial. Culm very slender, 8 — 12 inches high, reclining or decumbent ; generally solitary. Leaves few, shorter than the culm, membranaceous, bright green. Umbel simple; sometimes without rays, the spikelets appearing fas- cicled into a loose head. Involucrum unequal ; the longest leaves 6 or 7 inches long. Glumes membranaceous, much compressed, with a distinct, chesnut-coloured margin ; carina green. Stamens always 2. Style very long. Seed grey, smooth.
Hab. In wet salt-marshes. Hoboken and elsewhere. Sep- tember.
5. C. dentatus^: umbel compound (6 — lO-rayed;) in- volucrum 3-leaved, longer than the umbel ; spikelets 3 on each ray, alternate, ovate, compressed, 8-flowered ; glumes acute, nervose, spreading at the points ; seed triquetrous. C. jtarvijiorus Muhl. Gram. p. 19.
Root creeping, fibrous ; the fibres terminated by little tubers. Cuhyi about a foot high, triquetrous, leafy at base. Leaves linear, smooth. Rays of the umbel nearly erect, unequal, tri- angular, ochreate at the base. S/iikes generally nmch com- pressed, appearing dentate or pectinate by the spreading of the points of the glumes when old, sometimes vivipaious, and then nearly terete. Glumes ovate, brownish, margined. Siame7is 3. Style 3-cleft.
Hab. On the banks of rivers and in sandy swamps. In the pine- barrens of New-Jersey. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. Rare. September.
I have changed the name Muhlenberg gave this spe- cies, because Vaht had previously called a different plant C. fiarviflorus.
6. C. erythrorhizos Muhl.: umbel decompound; invo- lucrum 3 — 6-leaved, very long ; spikes alternate, linear, ho- rizontal, about 12-flowered, nearly terete ; style 3-cleft ; seed triquetrous. Muhl. Gram. p. 20. Cat. pi. Mew-York^ p. 13.
Root fibrous, of a dark red colour. Culm triangular, about a foot high, leafy at the base. Leaves as long as the culm, 2 — 3 lines broad. Umbel of 3 — 4 primary rays, each divided into 2 or 3 others, which are without smallei' involucru. Involucrum with 2 of the leaves several times longer than the umbel, rough. Sfiikelets narrow-linear, about an inch long, nearly te- rete when mature. Glumes ovate, acute, brown. Stameyis 3. Seed ovate, white.
H/vB. On the borders of ponds, on the banks of rivers^ Sec. New-York to Pennsylvania. August — September.
62 TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. ctperus.
7. C. strigosus L. : epikelets linear, compressed, acute, alternate ; glumes lanceolate, nervose ; umbel simple, or compound ; involucrum about 6 leaved, margin pube.-^cent 5 root globose. Sp. pi. 69. H' il I d. Spec, I. p. 8 i . excl. spi, Mich. Fl.l. p. 28. Vuhl Ermm. II. p. .i58. Pursh Fl. I. p. 32. Elliott SA-. 1 . p. 70. Mukl, Gram. p. 2 K Roem. ^ Schult. II. p. 214.
Root about half an inch in diameter, with descending fibres. Culm triquetrous, a foot or two feet high. Leaves broatl-linear, nearly as tall as the culm, rough on the margin. Umbel ge- nerally simple, 3 — 4-rayed ; rays about 2 inches long, unequal, sheathed at the base, triquetrous ; sheaths bifid. Involucrum 5 — 6- (3 — 9 Mu/il.) leaved; leaves alternate; the exterior ones 3 times tlie length of the rays. Spikelets 10 — 12-floweredj an inch or more long, of a yellowish colour. Racliis flex- \ious. Stamens 3. Style generally 3-clell (rarely 2-cleft.) Seed oblong, triquetrous.
Hab. In low wet grounds; common. August — September,
?y, C. tenuis Swartz? spikes lanceolate, acute, 10— 17-flo\\ered; umbel simple ; involucrum 3 — 4-leaved, longer than the rays ; root tuberous. M uh I. Gram. p. 22, Swartz Prod. p. 20.?
Culm triquetrous, slender, about a span high. Radical leaves about a foot high. Rays of the umbel unequal. Sfiikes yel- lowish, bracteate at the base. Rac/iis articulated. Glumes nervose. Style o-c\th. Muhl. Had. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg.
I am not certain that I have observed this species, and have therefore adopted Mu hlen b erg^s description entire. The North- American plant will, probably, hereafter be found dis- tinct from that of the West-Indies, which has crowded, sub- ulate spikelets, a 6-leaved involucrum, and a filiform culm.
9. C. phymatodes jM 11 h I. : umbel simple or decom- pound; involucrum 3 — 9-leaved ; three of the leaves very long; peduncles compressed; spikelets distichous, linear; the lower ones branched, about IS-flowered; sides rather convex ; glumes oblong, obtuse ; radicles tuberous at the ex- tremities. M u h I. Gram., p. 23. C. repe.ns Elliott Sk. I. p. 69. C. tuberosus Pursh FL I. p. 52, but probably not of V ahl.
Root creeping; the fibres terminated by small tubers about the size of a pea. C«/m triquetrous, a foot or more high. Leaves mostly Situated at the base of the culm, a little recurved, very smooth, carinate, sheathing at the base ; the radical ones broader, U7nbel generally simple; of 4 or 5 unequal rays with bifid ochrete at the base. S/iikelets elongated, opposite and alternate on the upper part of the rays, of a yellowish co-
cYPERus. TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 63
lour. Glumes with scarious margins; carina green. Sta- mens 3. Style 3-cleft. Seed oblong, triquetrous, brownish. Hab. In wet sandy places ; on the banks of rivers and on the sea-shore. Common about Bath, on Long-Island. In Penn- sylvania. Muhlenberg. August.
Allied to C. Hydra of Mi c hau x, which is such a scourge to the planters in the Southern States.
10. C. compressus L.: spikes digitate, somewhat in fours, lanceolate ; glumes mucronate, broad, membranaceous. Vahl Enum. II. p. 3 24. W il I d. Spec. 1. p. 282, exd, syn, G ron. P ur s h Fl \. p. 51, Elli o 1 1 Sk. ]. p, 65. Muhl. Gram. p. 15.^ Ro em. ^ S chult. II. p. 182.
Culm 3 — 8 inches high, obtusely triangular. Lea-ves shorter than the culm, linear-lanceolate. S/iikelets nearly sessile, somewhat capitate, oblong-lanceolate, many-flowered (16 — 27.) Glumes not mucronate, the carina green ; sides mem- branaceous, nearly white. Stamens 3. Style 3-cleft. E I- lio 1 1.
Hab In low meadows. Pennsylvania to Carolina. Pursh. This species I insert on the authority above given, though, I believe, no other botanist has observed it in the Northern States. The C.comfiressus of Mu h le nb erg (Gram. p. 15.) differs from that described by Elliott, in having a com- pressed culm, a simple umbel, mucronate glumes, and a 2-cleft style.
11. Cvirens Mich.: culm acutely triangular ; umbels decompound ; spikeiets ovate-lanceolate, in compact heads : involucrum very long. Elliott Sk, I, p. 66. M i c h, FL I. p. 23, Vahl Enum. n. p. 253. P ur s h Fl. ]. p. 5<2. Muhl. Gram. p. 24. R o e m. ^ Schult. II. p. 210.
Culm 1 — 2 feet high, most acutely triangular; the angles sca- brous near the summit ; sides concave. Leaves linear-lance- olate, somewhat compressed, the margins and midrib ser- rulate, 2 — 3 feet long, 4 — 6 lines wide. S/iikelets commonly 16 flowered, laterally appressed into compact heads. Glumes lanceolate, acute. Stamen I ? Style 3-cleft. Seed oblong, triangular. Elliott.
Hab. In wet meadows and woods. Pennsylvania to Carolina, pursh.
This, like the preceding species, I insert on the authority of Pursh.
12. C maris coides Ell.: umbel simple or with I — 2
rays ; spikeiets collected into globose heads, linear, 7
8-flowered ; glumes loose, obtuse. Elliott Sk. I. p. 67. Sprtngp.l neue Entdeck. I. p. 239. Scirpus cyperiformif: Muhl. Gram. p. 41. S. cyperiforniis Spreng Mant. II. p, 30. n. 4. Roem. <^ Schult. II. p. 135. Mariscus
64 TRIANDRIA. MONOGYKIA. cvierus-
euperiformts Tor. Cat. pi. N. York, p. 14. M. umbellatu?
P ur s h Fl. I. p. 59. excl. sjn.
Root tuberous. Culm triquetrous, slender, 8 — 12 inches lons^, nearly naked. Leaves mostly radical, linear, carinate, rough on the margin. Involucrum 3 — 4-leaved, unequal ; leaves longer than the umbel. Head of spikeleis simple and sessile, or more commonly with 1 or 2 (rarely 3 — 5) lateral rays, Rays V- — 3 inches long, spreading almost horizontally. Sfiike- lets generally 7-flowered, at fiist nearly terete, but when old compressed. Rachis triangular. Glumes rather remote, ovate ; the lower ones obtuse, the others rather acute, brown and green. Stamens 3. Style 3-cleft. Seed oblong, triangular, gray. Hab. On dry hills, and in barren stony soils. New-England to Carolina. July — September.
Much resembling a Mariscus in habit, but is still decidedly a Cyperus. It appears to have very little affinity to Scirpus-
1 3. C. odoratus L, : spikelets corynnbed, subulate, re- mote, distichous; glumes somewhat distant; smaller umbels spreading widely, and about the length of their involucra. Fa hi Eirnm. II . p. 3o6 . W illd. Spec. 1 1 . p. 284 . Pursh Fl. \. p. 52. Roem. <^ Schult. l\. p. 212.
Hab. On the banks of rivers. Pennsylvania to Florida. Pursh. This species I have never seen. It is not recorded as a na- tive of North- America by any other botanist except Pursfu who, I strongly suspect, has confounded it with some other Cyperus described in this work.
14. CJlavicomis Mich. : culm triquetrous ; timhel com- pound ; spikes linear- lanceolate, 7-flowered (10 — 12-flowered Ell.\) glumes obtuse; involucrum very long, reflected. Mich. Fl. \. Tp.21. Vahl Emim.U. p' SGO. Pursh F/. 1. p. 53. Elliott Sk.\. p. 71. M u k l. Gram. ^. 24, Roem. ir Schult. II. p. 215.
Culm erect, smooth. Involucrum 5-leaved, very long, smooth. Rays of the umbel unequal; ochrex retuse, purple. Spikes distichous, oblong, yellow, compressed, 11 -flowered. Glumes obtuse, white and scarious on the margin. Style 2-cleft. Seed obovate, puncticulate, black. Mu hi.
Hab. In boggy woods. Pennsylvania to Carolina. Pursh. I think it doubtful whether this species has been found as fa;- north as Virginia.
ERIOPHORUM. L.
Glumes l-valved, imbricated on all sides into a spike. Corolla 0. Seed surrounded with long dense wooL Gen. pi. 95. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 2^6. Roem. &"
ERioPHORUM. TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNFA. 65
Schult. Gen. 180. Lam. III. t. XXXIX. Nat Ord. Cyperoide^ Ju s s. Cotton-grass.
t Sjiike solitary.
1. E. alpinum L, : culm triquetrous, somewhat scabrous, naked ; leaves very short, subulate ; spike oblong ; woolly hairs crisped, few. JV il I d. Spec. \. p. 312. Vahl Emim, 11. p. 388. Wahl. Fl. Lapp. p. \Q. Eng. But. t. 311. R 0 em, (^ Schult. I. p. ! 5G. E. hudsoidanxim M i a h. Fl. 1. p. 34. Trichophorum alpinum Pur sh Fl. I. p. 57. M u h I. Cat. p. 7. T. alpinum /3, hudsoniamwi P e r s. Sun, I. p. 70.
Culm 8 — 10 inches high, slender, with very acute angles; sides concave and striate. Leaves about half an inch long, pungent, triangular, channelled above. Sheaths 3 — 4, radical, purplish; the lowest ones mucronate with the rudiments of leaves. Spike about 2 lines long, a little compressed. Glumes oblong-lance- olate, obtuse, carinate, pale yellowish-brown ; the exterior
bracteiform, 3-nerved, somewhat mucronate. Stamens
(1 — 2 in the European plant.) Siyle S-cleft. Seed ovate, acuminate, much compressed, with an elevated ridge on one side, brown. Hairs 6, white, 3 limes as long as the spike, flattened, more or less crisped.
Hab. In bog-meadows. Stockbridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Em- m on s. In bogs on the rnountains of Pcmsyivania, Vermont, Sec. Pursh. In New-York. Muhlenberg.
I have carefully examined the specimens sent to me by Dr. Emmons, and com.pared them witii those in my herbarium, from N'jrway and Germany, and find thern to agree in almost every respect.
2. 1^. vaginatum L.: culm terete below, obtusely trian- gular above, stnooth and ri^id; sheaths inflated; spike oblong- ovate ; glumes scarious ; wool straight, dense. Will d. Spec, 1. p. 312. Fa hi Enurn. 11, p. 388. Wahl. Fl. Lapp, p. 17. Eng. Bot. t. S7:i. R o e m. (^ S c h u 1 1. U. p. 157. E. cespitosum Pursh Fl. I. p. 57. Host Gram. J. t, 39,
JRoot creeping ? Culnis densely ctspitose, about a foot high. Leaves mostly radical, longer than i!ie culm, acutely triangu- lar and almost setaceous, scabrous t twards the upper extre- mity. Sheaths on tlie culm, about 2, ventiicose, i.iucronate; the radical ones lacerate irito slender filaments. Spike about 3-fourths of an inch long. Ghimes of a livid colour, membia- naceous, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate ; the exterior ones empty,
and at length reflected. Stamens . Sty^e 3-cieft, Seed
obovate, much compressed, very obtuse. JVool white, about twice the length of the glumes; hairs about 20 to each seed, flattened.
9
6S TRTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. eriophorum.
Hab. In a sphag:nous swamp near Litchfield, Connecticut. Brace. Near Williams College, Maasacliusetts. Dewey. On high mountain meadows. Canada to Virginia, Pursh,
ft Sfiikea numerous.
3. E. polystachyon L. : leaves flat, triquetrous at the ex- tremities ; culm nearly terete ; spikes on scabrous peduncles, nodtiing. W i II d. Sped. p. 312, Va h I Emim. U. p. 389, Eng. Bot. t. 563. Pxirsh Fl. I. p. 58. Muhl. Gram. p. 48. Y^, tenellum Nutt. Gen. II. Supp. E. polystachy^ urn /9. M ic h. Fl, I. p. 34. E. lalifollum U opp e, R o em. ^ Schult. II. p. 159.
Root fibrous. Culm a foot and a half or 2 feet high, a little com- pressed below, very smooth. Leaves 2 — 3 on the culm, 4 — 6 inches long, nearly 2 lines wide, with a prominent midrib, sca- brous on the margin, distinctly triangular towards the point, which is of a brownish colour. Sfiikea 9 — 12, ovate, on fili- form, unequal and retrorsely scabrous peduncles bursting from the terminal sheath. Involucrum 1 -leaved, erect, about 2 inches long. Glumes ovate, acute, scarious; sides black or dark brown. Stamens 3. Style 2-cleft. Seed oblong-cunei- form, triangular, brown. Woolly hairs 30 or 40, white with a reddish tinge, silky, straight, a little flattened, about 3-fourths of an inch long.
Hab. In bog- meadows and sphagnous swamps. July.
4. E. virginicum L.: culm nearly terete below, obtusely triangular above ; leaves flat, very long ; spikes clustered, erect, nearly sessile ; involucrum 2 — 3-leaved. Sp. pi. 77. IV a Id. Sjoec. 1. p. 313. Walt. Car. p. 71. Mich. FL I. p. 34. Vahl Enum. II. p. 390. Pursh Fl. I. p. 58. Elliott Sk.\. Y>'9'2. Muhl. Gram. Tp. 49. Roem.^- Schxtlt, 1. p. 159. E. spica compacta erecta, &c. Gron. Virg. 132. Pluk. A\m. 179. t. 299. f. 4.
Root creeping. Culm 2 — 4 feet high, leafy, smootft. Leaves a fcot or 18 inches long; ahf)ut 2 lines wide. Involucrum gene- rally of 2 narrow leaves, 4 — 6 inches long. Peduncles 3 — 4, each bearing several conglomerated spikes and forming a kind of umbel. Sfiikes ovate, acute when young, sessile on the pe- duncles. Glumes ovate, acute, striate ; inferior ones empty ; sides brownish ; carina green. Stamen I. Style 3-cleft, sca- brous. Wool of a reddish colour, at first not longer than the glumes, but becoming 3 times as long when mature. Seed ovate, plano-convex, slightly acuminated, brown.
Hab. In swamps and bog-meadows ; common. July.
iS. gracik*: culm very slender; leaves almost filiform. Hab. In the Cedar Swamp near New-Durham, New-Jersey. August.
ERioPHORVM. TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 67
5. E. angustifolium Roth.: culm somewhat triangu- lar; leaves channelled-triquetrous ; peduncles very smooth. Willd. Spec, I. p. 313. Big, Bost, p. 16? (E. poljsta- chyon?) Pursh Fl. I. p. 58. MuhL Gram. p. 48. Roem, ir Schult, II. p. 158.
Culm a foot or more high ; sides convex. Leaves very narrow. Sfiikea 3 — 5, on short peduncles. Involucrum I -leaved, linear- lanceolate. IVool white.
Hab. Near Boston. Big e low. New-York and Delaware. Muhlenberg. Resembles No. 3.
The plant I once considered as the Eriophorum angustu folium, I am now convinced is nothing more than a variety of
E. virginicum. I have never seen an Eriophorum from this country resembling my European specimens ot E. angusti- folium. The plant which Bige low lias described under iliifi name appears to be E. poUjstachyon.
41c FUIRENA. L.
Glumes avvned, imbricated on all sides into a spike. Corolla t 3-valved, petaloid, cordate, avvned, ungui- culate. Geti. pi, 90. JVutt. Gen. I. p. 37. R. Brown Prod. I. p. 220. Ju s s. p. 26. Mo em, ^ Schult. Gen. 186. Lam. Ill, t. XXXIX. Nat, Ord. CvpEROiDEiE Juss,
F, squarrosa Mich,: spikes clustered (5 — 6,) ovate; ,«ulm smooth; leaves ciliate ; sheaths hairy; valves of the corolla cordate-ovate. Mich, FL I. p. 37, Fa h t Enum, II. p. 385. Pursh Fl. I. p. 58. Elliott Sk. I. p. 53 t. 2. f. 3. Aluhl, Gram. p. 50. Roem, ^ Schult, I. J). 234.
Culm about ^ foot and a half high, angular, gradually becoming very slender towards the top. Leaves few, linear-lanceolate, flat, pubescent on each side. Sheaths distinctly striate ; sti- fiules membranaceous, brown, ciliate. Sfii/res aggregated into 2 heads; lateral head on along peduncle proceeding from the sheath of the upper leaf; terminal head 3 — 6-spiked. Invo- lucrum of 2— r3 subulate leaves, shorter than the spikes. Glumes ovate, awned ; awns squarrose, as long as the glume. Valves of the corolla distinctly pedicellate or clawed, cordate or rounded at the base, 3-nerved, awned at the tip. Stamens 3. Style 3-cleft. Seed triquetrous, white. Bristles 4 — 5.
Hab. In bog-meadows. New-Jersey. Pursh and Muhlen- berg. August.
t Perianthj i?. £rown,-rBemmal iavolucellum, JsfuttaU,
(58 TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. fuirena.
yg ? pnmila*: culm pubescent above ; leaves smooth ; throat of the sheaths hairy ; spikes 1 — 3, terminal.
Culm 3 — 6 inches l.igh, angular, smooth, except a little below tl'e spikes. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 2 — 3, flat, equalling the culm, striate, naked. Margin and throat of the sheaths hairy. Spikes generally 3, often solitary, with 2 unequal leaf- like bracts at the base. Glumes ovate-lanceolate, terminated by short squarrose awns ; the lower ones hairy. Petals ovate- lanceolate, embracing the seed by their bases. Stamens 3. Seed triquetrous, pedicellate, surrounded at the base with 3 or 4 retrorsely scabrous bristles.
Hab. On the ovei flowed sandy margin of a creek near Babylon on Long-Island, in company with Gratiola aurea, Xyris caroliniana, 8tc.
This may be a variety of Y.aquarrosa; but if the characters above given are constant, it certainly must be a distinct species.
42. CENCHRUS. L.
Involucrum lacmiate, echinate, includmg about 2 spikdets. Calyx 2-valved, 2-flowertd ; the inferior flower sterile, the other perfect. Corolk awnless. Style 2-cleft. (Styles connate at the biise Trin.) Gtn.pl. 1574. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 38. Ju s s. p. 30. Roe m, CsP Schult. Gen. 1201. Trin. Agrostograph. 140. P. de Beativ. Agrostograph, p. 57. t. Xlii. f. 7. R. Brown Prod. I. p. 195. Nat. Ord. Gr amines Ju s s. Flowers in a simple raceme or spike. Burr- grass.
C. echinatus L. : spike with the flowers approximated ; involucrum subglobose, villose ; culm compressed. Wiltd, Spec. I. p. 117. Vaht Enum. 11. p. 393. MnhL Gram. p. 52. Roe in. 4)" Schult, II. p. 253. C carolimanus Walt. Car. p. 79.
Root fibrous, annual. Culm erect or procumbent, 1 — 2 feet long, geniculate and branching at the base. Leaves lanceolate, smooth, carinate. Sheaths smooth and swelling, bearded at the throat. Raceines or spikes about 2 inches long, consisting of 6 — 10 heads. Peduncle angular, pubescent, hivolucrum cartilaginous, externally beset with rigid, retrorsely hispid spines, pubescent, including 2 — 3 spikelets each bearing from I to 3 flowers; lowest floret neuter. Calyx unequal, ovate- lanceolate, smooth, 5-nerved. Corolla ovate-lanceolate, acu- minate, membranaceous, longer than the calyx ; inferior valve 7-nerved. Stamens 3. 6V7/^c filiform, deeply 2-cleft. Seed], round-ovate, reddish brown.
IIab. In sandy arid soils. On the hills at Kingsbridge near
cENCHRus. TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 69
New-York. Common in the pine-barrens of New-Jersey. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. August.
/3. tribuloides* : spikes and nnargins of the sheaths white,
pubescent. C. tribuloides L. Sp. pL 1489. Willd, Spec.
\. p. 317. Mich. Fl. I. p. 61. Pursh FL I. p. 60.
Elliott Sk. I. p. 93. t. 4. f. 3. Muhl. Gram. p. 52.
Roem. 4' Schult. II. p. 253. C. capitulis spinosis to-
mentosis. Gron. Virg. 122.
jC«/OT a foot or a foot and a half high, compressed, smooth. Leaves linear-lanceojate, condupiicate, a little roughened above. Sheaths dilated, open. Racemes 10 — 14-flovvered; rachis angular, hairy. Invoiucrum split on one side, hairy, in- cluding about 2 spikelets, each 1 — 2-flowered. Calyx, co- rolla, Sec. as in the preceding. Hac. In the sand on the sea-coast and near the mouths of rivers. August.
After a careful examination of the Cenchrus of our sea- coast (which is doubtless the C. tribuloides) with the common species of the pine-barrens of New-Jersey, and which all our botanists call C. echinacus, I can find no specific difference be- tween them ; the only discrepancy being the white pubescence on the spikes and margins of the sheaths.
43. SPARTINA. Schreb.
Fbxvers in unilateral spikes, imbricated in 2 rows. Calyx 2- valved, compressed, unequal. Corolla 2-valved, awnless, unequal. Nectaries collateral. Gen. pi. 98. Tr i n. Agrost. 37. P.de Beau v. \. c. p. 25. t. VII. f. 6. Roem. ^ Schult. Ge?i. 203. Trachyng- TiA Mich. Fl. I. p. 64. LiMNETis P ers. Syn, I. p. 72. Nutt. Gen. p. 38. Dactylis Lin, Nat. Ord. Gr amines Juss. Marsh-grass,
\ . S. cynosuroides Willd.: spikes numerous, (10 — 40,) pedunculate, panicled, spreading; leaves broad, flat, at length convolute ; calyx with a short awn on one of the glumes ; style 2-cleft at the summit. Willd. Enum. hort. Berol. I. p. 80. Big. Bost.Tp.\6. Roem. <^ Schult. W. p.26l. ?i. polystachya Muhl. Gram. p. 53. Trachynotia cyno- suroides e.i polystachya M i c h. Fl. I. p. 64. Limnetis cyno- suroides et polystachya P e r s. Syn. I. p. 72. Purs h FL I. p. 59. Dactylis cynosurQides Sp.pl. 104. Ait. Kcw. I. p. 103. Walt. Car. p. 77. Willd. Spec. I. p. 407. Gra- men maritimum, &c. Gron. Virg. 135.
Rool perennial. Culm 4 — 9 feet high, an inch in diameter at the base, erect, terete, fistulous. Leaves 2 feet long, 4—- S
70 TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. spartina.
lines wide, somewhat glaucous, at first flat, but at length con- volute on the edges. Sheaths shorter than the joints, smooth. Stifiule bearded. Sfiikes linear, about 3 inches long, scatteredj generally alternate, on scabrous peduncles half an inch or an inch long, spreading when the flowers are perfected. Flowers arranged on 2 sides of a depressed triangular rachis. Calysr strongly serrulate on the keel ; inferior glume about a third tne length of the superior, linear, acute ; superior glume linear- lanceolate, nerveless, very acute but scarcely awned. Corolla awnless, nearly equal, shorter than tlie superior glume of the calyx, lanceolate, without awns, serrulate on the keel. Sfa- mens 3 ; anthers linear, yellow. Style a little cleft ; (stylee connate ?) stigmas white. Seed linear-oblong, coated. Hab. On the borders of salt-marshes, and on the sea-coast; common. In meadows about Albany. Mr. Tracy. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. August.
This species varies a little in the leaves and spikes. Whei^ it grows near the salt-water, the leaves are often convolute on the edges. In the specimens sent to me from Albany by Mr. Tracy, the spikes are of a yellowish colour, and the superior glume of the calyx is produced into a short awn.
2. S, juncea Willd,: leaves distichous, convolute, spreading ; spikes few, (1 — 3,) pedunculate ; peduncles smooth ; corolla rather obtuse ; styles 2. Willd. Enum. I. p. 81. M uhl. Gram. Tp. 5^. Big. Bost, p. ]7. Elliott Sk. 1. p. 94. Rotm. ^ Schull. II. p. 263. Trachy- NOTiA juncea M ich, Fl. I. p. 64. Limnetis juncca P ers. Syn.]. p. 72. Pursh Fl. I. p. 59. Sp. pumila Roth. Rotm. <^ Schult. II. p. 262.
Root extensively creeping. Culm about a foot and a half high, erect, terete, rigid, smooth, sometimes cespitose at the base. Leaves 8 — 12 inches long, almost setaceous. Sheaths remote, spreading ; Stifiule ciliate. Spikes generally 3, rarely 5 ; the lower ones distinctly pedunculate, an inch and a half long, linear-lanceolate. Rachis compressed. Calyx very unequal ; the superior glume 1 -third the length of the other, and very narrow. Corolla with the inferior valve shorter, lanceolate, serrulate-ciliate on the keel ; apex slightly cleft ; superior valve lanceolate, nearly smooth on the back ; apex entire. Stamens 3; anthers linear, purpje. Style cleft nearly to the base; each stigma with a small fpathered process jjrowing from its side. Seed oblong.
Hab. On the gravelly banks of rivers near the salt->yater, an4 on the sea-coast. Also in salt-marshes. July— August.
The S. patens of Muhlenberg (Gram. p. 55.) is pro- bably only a variety of the plant described above.
3. S. glabra Muhl.: leaves concave, erect; spikes alternate, sessile, erect, appressed ; corolla nearly smooth on the keel; style cleft about half way down. MuhL Gram.
3PARTINA. TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 71
1. p. 54. Big. Bast. I). ]7, E I lio 1 1 Sk. I. ^. 95. Dac-
lYLis maritima IV a 1 1, Car. p. 77. Root perennial. Culm 3 — 5 feet high, terete, a little succulent, and very smooth. Leaves about 2 feet long, gradually taper- ing to a long point, about half an inch wide, at length convo- lute. Sheaths somewhat open. Sfiikes 8 — 14, closely ap- pressed to a triangular rachis. Calyx appearing ciliate on the keel under a lens ; inferior glume very narrow, half the length of the other; superior glume mucronate by a continua- tion of the callous keel beyond the tip. Corolla with unequal linear-lanceolate valves, a little rough on the keel near the apex, as long as tlie superior glume of the calyx ; the inferior valve shorter. Stamens 3 ; anthers yellow. Style filiform ; stigmas feathered. Seed oblong. Hab. Common along the borders of salt-marshes, and on the muddy shores of salt-water rivers. August — September. Mr. N'u tt all found this species as high up the Missouri as Fort Mandan, so that it is not confined to the vicinity of the sea.
44. ORYZOPSIS. Micha-ux,
Calyx 1 -flowered, 2-valved ; valves membranaceous, nearly equal, loose, obovate, awnless. Corolla 2-valved, coriaceous, cylindric-ovate, hairy at the base ; the in- ferior valve avvned at the tip. Nectaries linear, elon- gated. Mich. Fl. I. p. 51. t. IX. {opt.) Nutt. Gc«. I. p. 39. Roem.^ Schul t. Ge?i. 205. Tr i ;z. Jgrost. 28. P.de Beau v. Agrost. t. VI. f. 5. Nat. Ord. Gr a m I n EiE Juss. Flowers panicled.
O, asperifulia M ich. : culnn nearly naked ; leaves erect- rigid, pungent at the point ; flowers in a racemose panicle, Mich. l.^c. Vahl Enum. 11. p. 397. Pursh Fl. L p. 60. Roem. ^ Schnlt. \\.}^.'2QA.
Root perennial. Culm about a foot and a half high, purple at the base. Radical leaves nearly equalling the culm, acumi- nate, glaucous beneath, scabrous on the margin ; culm-leaves about 2, seldom exceeding an inch in length, and generally much shorter. Sheath swelling, a little rough. Stifiule short, truncate, ciliate. Panicle very simple, flexuous; branches 1 — 2-flowered ; fiowers all pedicellate. Glumes of the calyx nearly equal in length ; the superior broader, abruptly acumi- nate, a little larger than the corolla, 5 — 7-nerved. Corolla with a bearded ring at the base, white, hairy ; inferior valve involute and surrounding the inner valve, abruptly awned at the apex ; anon bent, about 3-fourths of an inch long ; supe- rior valve villose at the apex. Stamens 3 ; anthers linear. Style 2-cleft; stigmas 2. (Style 3-cleft ; stigmas 2. Fa hi.) Seed oblong, large, white.
72 TRIANDRIA. MOJNOGYNlAo oryzopsis,
Hab. In mountain-meadows in the interior of the Northern States. Neur Deerfielci, Massachusetts. Dr. Coo ley and Mr. Hitchcock. Williamstown, Massachusetts. Prof. Dewey. April — May. On the Broad Mountains of Penn- sylvania. Pursh.
P UTS h thinks this grass is deserving the attention of agri- culturists, on account of the fine flour yielded by its large seeds. •
ORDER 11. D I G Y N I A.
(Gra mina.)
A. Floioers all perfect,
t. Spikekts (locustae, Beauv.) 1-Jlozcercd. * Calyx 0.
1. LEEUSIA.
** Calyx ^-valvf^d,
a. Corolla without abortive rudiments at the base.
1. Glumes and corolla of dissimilar textures-
inferior valve involving the superior..
a. Corolla unarmed.
2. PASPALUM. 3. MILIUM.
/3. Corolla owned or bristled at the tip.
4. PIPTATHEftUM. 5. STIPA.
6, ARISTIDA,
2. Glumes and corolla of nearly similar tex'
ture, often carinate,
a. Panicle more or less spreading.
7. MUHLENBERGIA. 10. CINNA.
8. TRICHODIUM. 11. POLYPOGON.
9. AGROSTIS. 12. TRICHOCHLOA.,
13. ARUNDO.
/?. Panicle more or less contracted mto «r spike,
14. PSAMMA. 16. ALOPECURUS,
15, CRYPSIS. 17. PHLEUM.
TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 73
b. Corolla with I or 2 abortive rudiments of Jlorets at the base,
1. Glumes and corolla of dissimilar texture,
18. CYNODON. 19. GTMNOPOGON.
2. Glumes and corolla of neurit/ similar texture,.
20. PHALARIS. 21. ANTHOXANTHUM.
22. BRACHYELYTRUM,
ft. Spikelels many-flowered. * Florets all perfect, a. Panicled.
1. Corolla unarmed,
23. PHRAGMITES. 25. UNIOLA.
24. GLYCERIA. 26. BRIZA.
27. POA.
2. Corolla more or less setigerous or mucronate, «. Seed free,
28. AIRA, 29. URALEPIS.
30. TRICUSPIS.
|S. Seed adnate,
31. FESTUCA. 33. DIARRHENA.
32. CERATOCHLOA. 34. DACTYLIS.
3. C^orolla more or less bifida armed between the
divisions a litth below the tip,
35. DANTHONIA. 36. TRISETUM.
37. BROMUS.
4. Inferior valve of the corolla awned on the
back,
38. ARRHENATHERUM. 39. AVENA.
b. Spiked,
1. Calyx I'Valved,
40. LOLIUM.
2. Calyx 2-vaIved,
41.ELEUSINE. 43. AGROPYRUM,
42. TRITICUM. 44. SECALE.
45. ELYMUS.
** Terminal florets abortive, or mere rudiments.
46. MELICA, 47. ATHEROPOGON,
10
74 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA.
B. Flowers polf/^anious.
t, Pqnicled,
48. PANICUM. 49. HIEROCHLOAr
50. H0LCU5.
ft. Spiked.
* With an involuerum,
51. SETARIA*
** Without an involuerum*
52. DieiTARIA. 53. ANDROPOaON,
54. HORDEUM.
1. LEERSIA. Swartz,
Calyx 0. Corolla (calyx, Trin.) 2-valved, closed j valves compressed, boat-shaped. Nectaries obovate, entire, collateral, Swarjz Prod. p. 21. Gen. pL 105. (subAspRELLA.) NutL Gen. I. p. 43. Tri- nius Agrosto^raph. 34. Asprella Lam. III. n. 858* Roem. y Schult. Gen. 208. P. de Beauv. 1. Co t. IV. f. 2. Vhalaridis spp. Lin. Homalocen- c H R u s Ha Her. Flowers panicled. Rice- grass,
1. L. virginica Willd,: panicle simple; the lower branches diffuse ; flowers appressed, monandrous, sparingly ci iate on the keeh Willd. Spec. I. p. 325. Elliott Sk. 1. p. 100. Muhl. Gram. p. 100. Asprella virginica Roem. 4r Schtilt. l\. p. 266. h. monaridra Swartz prod. p. 21 ? Oryza glumis carina hispidis Gron, Virg, 153.
Root fibrous, perennial. Culm 2—4 feet high, geniculate, branched, erect or decumbent, pubescent at the joints. Leavee linear-lanceolate, about 6 inches long, 2 — 3 lines wide, sca- brous, slightly ciliate on the margin. Sheatha deeply stri- ate, a little roughened by nninute hooked prickles, rarely pu- bescent. Stifiuh short, truncate, membranaceous. Panicle terminal, much exsert; branches few and solitary. Florets on short, appressed, flexuous racemes, pedicellate ; valves bent round and partly embracing the common peduncle, imbricate, covered with impressed dots ; the inferior valve boat-shaped, acuminate, ciliate on the keel ; the superior linear-lanceolate. SramttnX. (Stamens 2. Muhl.) Styles 2 \ stigmas IcdXhtvcA^ white. Seed oblong. Hab. In wet woods and along the borders of swamps. Au- gust. Whice-graee,
iEERSiA. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNfA. 7$
2. L. oryzoides Szoartz: panicle diffuse, sheathed at the base ; flowers triandrous, spreading ; keel of the glumes conspicuously ciliate. Sw a rt z Prod. ip.2l, Willd.Spec, J. p. 325. M i c h. FL 1. p. 39. P^^rs h Ft. 1. p. 62. Elliott Sk.\.Tp,]OU Big, Bost.p.22. Mukl.Gram, p. 58. AsPKELLA oryzoides Lam. III. n. 858. Roem. ^r Schult, 11. p. 266. PhalAris oryzoides Lin. Sp. pi. p. 81.
Root creeping, perennial. Culm 3 — 5 feet high, erect, or pro- cumbcut at the base, generally simple, pubescent at the joints. heaves a foot long, 2 — 3 lines wide, nervose, very scabrous with minute hooked prickles, attenuated at the point ; margin ciliate. Sheatha retroisely very scabrous. Sd/iule short, re- tuse. Panicle much branched ; branches spreading in evtry direction, sometimes pendulous, fltixuous, the lower ones in fours, the upper ones in pairs. Flowera greenish- whitej oval-oblong, nearly sessile, a little appressed lu the branches When young, bui spreading when mature ; valves nearly equal, scabrous oii the sides, puncticulate; the inferior 3-nerved, the other 1 nerved; kecla ciliate with small spines. Stamens 3; anthers linear, yellow. Styles 2, very short ; stigmas feathered, white. Seed oblong.
Hab. In ditches and swamps^ August — September. UhitC' grass or Cut-grass.
The upper flowers are generally abortive, those in the in- cluded part of the panicle only being fertile.
The two species here described have been confounded by Michaux and Pursh^ though they are abundantly distinct. I have not the means of determining whether our L. oryzoides is identical with that of Europe, not having specimens of the latter for comparison. It, however, much resembles the figure of Stv art z referred to above.
2. PASPALUM. L.
Flowers In unilateral spikes. Calyx 2-valved, mem- branaceous, equal, nearly orbicular. Corolla cartilagi- nous, of the size and form of the calyx. Stigmas plumose, coloured. Nectaries collateral. Gen. pi. 107. Nutt. Gen. I. ^.56. Juss.i^.29. P.de Beauv. t. V. f. 3. Trin. Agrost. 18. Paspalus Flugg. Roem. ^ Schult. Geti. 216.
1 . P. ciliatifolium Mich: culm decumbent ; leaves hairy and ciliate ; sheaths hairy ; spikes 1 — 2, rather lax, indistinctly S-rowed. Mich. Fl. I. p. 44. M u h I. Gram. p. 93. P. ciiiatum P ur s h Fl.l. ^.7 1. P. da.iyphyllum EUioti Sk. I. p. 105.
76 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. paspalubi.
Root perennial. Culm about a foot and a half long, slender, simple. L'\.ve& 4—8 inches long, flat, distinctly ciliate on the margin. Sfiike generally solitary, terminal, on a long peduncle proceeding Irum the uppermost slieath ; sometimes with an- other spike on a shorter peduncle proceeding from the same sheath. Floitiers plano-convex, very obtuse, smooth, arranged on short, bifid, compressed pedicels^ closely compressed to the rachis, and appearing as if arranged in three distinct rows. Rachis membranaceous, flexuous, rounded on the back. Glumea of the calyx equal ; the inferior one 3-nerved. Corolla very smooth ; inferior valve embracing the superior, which is flat and orbicular. Seed plano-convex.
Hab. In dry sandy fields. New-York and New-Jersey. Sep- tember.
2. P. aetaceum M i c k. : culm erect ; leaves and sheaths villous ; spike generally solitary ; flowrcrs in 2 roves. M ich„ r/. I. p. 43. Elliott Sk. 1.^^.104, PuTsh FIA.^.IO. P. pubescens M uhl. Gram. p. 92. Paspalus setaceus F lugg. Rotm.^Schult. II. p. 306.
Root perennial. Culm slender, 1-^2 feet high, simple. Leaves hairy on both sides. Margin and upper part of the sheaths hairy. Sfiike on a very long terminal peduncle, generally with another on a short peduncle proceeoing from the same sheath. Rachis convex on the back, hairy at the base. Flowers on short bifid pedicels. Calyx, corolla, &c. £;> in the preceding species.
Hab. In dry sandy fields. New-York and New-Jersey. Deer- field, Massachusetts. Coo ley. Pennsylvania. Muhlen^ berg.
Paspalum No. 8. (anonymous) Mu h I. Gram. p. 97, seems to be a variety of this species.
3. V.lizve. Mich.: erect; very smooth ; leaves short 5 spikes numerous (3 — 6,) alteiT.ate ; flowers 2- rowed, smootho ./Ific/i. F/. 1. p. 44. Elliott Sk.].ip.\06. M uhl. Gram. p. 98. PurshFl.].\).7]. Paspalus Icevis F lugg. Roem. ^ Schult. II. p. 29G.
Root perennial. Culm about 2 feet high. Leaves broad-linear, entirely smooth. Sjiikes about 5, distant, a little spreading, with a few long hairs at the base of each. Pedicels undivided, 1-flowered. Flowers subovate, as large again as those of P. ciliatifolhim. Calyx, corolla, &c. as in No. 1.
Hab. On the banks of the Schuylkill, near Philadelphia. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenb erg. September — October.
4. P. stoloniferuni Base: spikes in elongated racemes, somewhat verticillate, spreading; flowers serrulate-ciliate, transversely rugose ; leaves short, subcordate ; culm procum- bent at base. P ur s h Fl. I. p. 71 . B 0 s c in Lin. Trans. U. p. 83. t. 16. Willd. Spec. I. p. 331. P. racemosum
PASPALUM. tRIAxNDRIA. DIGYNIA. Ti
J acq. icon, rar. f. 302. Paspalus stolonifer Flugg. Roem. <$/• Schull, IT. p. 295.
Cubji about 2 feet long, branched, geniculate, stoloniferous. Sfiikes very numerous (30 — 50.) Common rachis 4 — 5 inches long, angular, smooth; the partial ones 3 — 15 lines long. Flowers alternate, ovate«
Hab. In the Cedar Swamps of Monmouth County. New-Jersey. July — August. Pursh.
I have never seen specimens of this species. Pursh re- marks that it is exactly the same as the Peruvian plant, he having compared it with specimens of the latter iu Lam- bert's Herbarium.
3. MILIUM. L.
Calyx 2-valved, herbaceous. Corolla 2-valved, co- riaceous, oblong, concave, shorter than the calvx, awn- less. Seed 2-hornec1. jXectaries collateral. Ge?i. pi. 110. JVutt. Ge?i. I. p. 43. Juss. p. 29. lioem. 'is? S chill t. Gen. 218. P.de Bca u v. t. V. f. 5—6. Tr i 71. Agrost. 27. Flowers panicled. . Millet- grass.
1. M. effusum L.: panicle diiruse, compound; branches iiorizontal ; glumes ovate, very obtuse ; corolla avvniess, smooth and shining ; leaves broad-linear. IV Hid. Spec. I. p. 360. Smith Fl. Brit. \.^. lb. Eng. Bot. 1106. Koeyn. -^ Schult. II. p. 319.
Root creeping, perennial. Culm 5 — 8 feet high, erect, simple, smooth. Leaves 8 inches or a foot in length and half an inch or more broad, acute, flat, very smooth beneath, a iitile sca- brous above. Sheaths smooth, striate. Sti/iulc oblong, obtuse, entire. Panicle oblong, attenuate, about 8 inches long ; lower branches in fascicles of 3 or 4 ; upper ones opposite. Flowers few, scattered, ovate. Glumes of the calyx scabrous, obso- leteiy 3-nerved. Corolla nearly equal, rather acute. Stamens 3; anthers yellow. Stigmas plumose. .Yectarics ovate-lance- olate, entire.
Hab. In woods ; New-Hampshire. Collected by Dr. J. Locke, who found it growing as high as a man's head, and in sufficient quantity to be cut for hay. Br. M. Paine has also found this grass in the vicinity of Montreal, Canada.
2. M. amphicarpon Pursh: leaves iinear-lanceolnte, hairy, ciliate ; panicle simple, contracted, bearing perfect flowers ; fertile tlowers in solitary elongated radical sca,)es, at length subterraneous. T n r r e y Cat. pl.^New-¥ork, p. 90. Pursh Fl. I. p. 62. t. 2. {opt.) R o e m. S^- S'chu/t. II. p. 320. M. cjliatum M n h I. Gram. p. 77.
7« TRIANDRTA. DIGYNIA. milium.
Root fibrous, pprennial. Culms numenus, a little branched and geniculate at the base, assurs^ent, a foot and a half or two feet high, leafy. Leaves 2 — 3 inches lotig, 2 — 4 lines wide, acu- minate, nerved, covered with rit^id hairs. Sheaths striate ; the uppermost ones leafless. Stipule bearded. Panicle about two inches long, consisting of a few, erect, and somewhat appressed branches bearing the flowers in a racemose manner ; fiedicels clavate. Flowers oblong, purplish at the tip. Calyx smooth^ acuminate; inferior glume a liitle shorter, emarginate or bifid, 3-iiervtd; superior glume 5-nerved. Valves of the corolla lanceolate, acute; the inferior involving the superior, 3- nerved. iiiamrns 3; anthers purple. Styles 2, short; stigmas com- pound, purple. Seed broad-ovate, brown. JVectaries very
short, lanceolate. Fertile Jlowers radical. Scapes growing
in fascicles from among the roots and from the lower part of the stem, 1—3 inches long, filiform, with 1 or 2 pubescent sheaths bearing rudiments of leaves. Flowers terminal, single^ Glumes of the calyx at first lanceolate ; as the seed ripenSj becoming ovate, acu'Tiiuate and coriaceous; inferior glume shortei, niiiiy-ntrved ; superior glume similar, a little shorten Cjrolla remarkably ventricose when the seed is mature ; valves un^-qual, acuminate; the inferior 7-nerved, under the micrO" scope app'^aring covered with minute appressed hairs; supe» rior valve 4 nerved (midrib wanting.) No traces of stamens^ Styles 2, very short. Stigmas plumose^ Seed large, ovate, brown.
Hab. In sandy swamps in the pine-barrens of New-Jersey; particularly abundant ai a place called Quaker-Bridge. Au- gusi — September.
Pursh, who appears to have first noticed this grass, de- scribes the flowers of the panicle as antheriferous only ; but in all the specimens which I examined I have found them to pro- duce perfect seeds, though smaller than those of the radical flowers. This Milium will probably hereafter be the type of a new genus, as it differs so remarkably from every other known species.
3. M. pungens*: calm erect; leaves lanceolate, very short, pungent, at length involute ; panicle contracted ; branches generally in pairs, 2-flowered ; flowers awnless, ovate ; corolla hairy.
Root perennial, soboliferous. Culm a foot or 18 inches highj simple, rigid. Radical leaves 6—8 inches long and about a line wide, erect, acute and pungent, a little concave, strongly rei-ved and scabrous above, smooth beneath ; culm-leaves varyiiig from an inch to scai-cely a line in length, lanceolatCj rig.d. Sheaths swelling, striate, scabrous, membranaceous on the margin. S/ipule ovate, lacerate, and bearded. Panicle oblong, seldom with more than a dozen flowers; branches a little flesuous, bearing 1 or 2 flowers on the extremities. Glumes of the calyx ovatCj concave, obtuse or abruptly acu-
jjiLiUM. TRIANDRIA. DlGYNIA. 79
jninate, loose, sometimes obliquely truncate, without nerves; inferior valve a little longer. Corolla as long as the calyx ; valves equal, acute, nerveless, densely covered with white ap- pressed hairs ; the inferior emarginate ; superior entire at the tip. Stamens 3; anthers forked, yellow, included ? Style 1, deeply 2-parted ; stigmas 2, plumose, exsert, white. Seed ob- long, acute. JVeciaries lanceolate, shorter than the germen, ciliate. Hab. On rocky hills. Deerfield, Massachusetts. Co o ley and Hitchcock. In woods near Boston. B ig e loiv. Near Schenectady, New-York. Beck. May.
Nearly allied to Milium No. 3. (anonymos.) Muh I. Gram. p. 78, but differs in having a hairy, not a smooth corolla. Sfi renffel, to whom I sent specimens, thinks it is M. rigidi' folium Roem. ist Schult. II. p. 319, a native ol St. Do- mingo, but it appears to me to be a distinct species. It should, perhaps, be made a new genus between Milium and Ory- ■zopsis.
4. PIPTATHERUM. Beauv,
Calyx membranaceous, longer than the corolla. Co- rolla cartilaginous, elliptical; inferior valve awned at the tip. Nectaries ovate, entire. Seed coated. P. de Beauv. Agrost. t. V. f. 10, II. Ro em. ^ Sc h ulL Gen. 224. Urachne Tr in. Agrost. 30. Milii sfip. L i n. Flowers panicled.
P. nigrum*: panicle simple ; flowers racemose, ovafe- lanceolate; corolla black, hairy; awn as long ai.'ain as the valves. OaYzorsis melanocarpa Muhl. Gram. p. l\i. Cat. p. 10. excl. syn. Mich. xMilium racemosum Smith in it e e s' Cycloped.
Root perennial. Culm 2 — 3 feet high, erect, simple, leafy, Z,eaves 8 — 12 inches long, nearly half an inch wide, pubescent beneath, smooth above, finely attenuated. Sheaths striate, smooth, closed. Ntifiule a bearded ring. Panicle terminal, erect, flcxuous, sparingly branched ; lower branches in pairs, the upper ones simple. Flowers all pedicellate, disposed in a racemose manner on the brandies ; pedicels clavate. Glumes of the calyx acuminate, mucronate, membranaceous, smooth ; the inferior 7-nerved ; the superior 5-nerved. Corolla shining and of a deep brown or black colour when the seed is ripe ; inferior valve embracing the superior, with a straight, scabrous awn at the tip nearly an inch in length ; the other valve acute, and of equal length. Stamens 3 ; anthers linear, yellow. Styles 2 ; stigmas simply plumose. Germen bicuspidate. Seed oblong, black. JVectaries ovate-lanceolate, entire, very distinct. Hab. In rocky mountainous situations. Williamstown, Massa-
80 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. riPiAXHERuji.
chusctts. Detvey. Near Deei'field. Cooleyzxi^Hitch cock. Kingston, New- York. Halsey. On the Fishkill mountains, New-York. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg, August.
It is a little remarkable ihat Mu h I en b e r g- should have confounded this plant with the Oryzofisis asfieri/otia of Mi^ chaux^ as it is totally unlike in every respect. It is certainly a PiPTATHEiiuM of P. dc Beauv ois, which genus includes most of the species of Milium having awns.
5. STfPA. L,
Calyx 2-valved, membranaceous. Corolla 2-valved5 shorter than the calyx, coriaceous, invokite, subcyhn- dric ; aivn terminal, contorted near the base. Seed coated. Gen.pl.\2\. A/'iit t. Gen. I. p. 58. Juss. p. 30. lioem.y Schtilt. Gen. 226. P. de Beaiiv, t. VI. t. 2 — 4. Trin. Jgrost. 31. Flowers panicled.
Feather-grass.
S. avenacea L.: leaves setaceous; panicle spreading, sonnewhat secund ; branches mostly in pairs, a little divided ; calyx as long as the seed ; awn naked. Sp. pi. 116. Will d. Spec. I. p. 442. Pursh Fl. I. p. 72. Mukl. Gram, p. 181. Elliott Sk.\. ^. 1^20. Roem. ^ Schult. U, p. 334. Walt. Car. ^.11. S. barbata Mi c h, FL ]. p. 53. S. virgitiica P e r s. Sjjn. I. p. 99. R o e m. ^ Schuit. I. p. 334. S. bicolor Vahl Symb. II. p. 24 .? Pursh Ft. I. p. 73. Andkopogon folio superiore spathaceo, &:c. Gron, Virg. 133. Root perennial, pulm about 2 feet high. Leaves principally radical, 6 — 8 inches long, very narrow, scabrous above. Pan- icle 4 — 6 inches long, few-flowered, at first sheathed at the base and nodding, becoming diffuse ; branches capillary, in pairs and solitary. Glumes of the calyx nearly equal, mucro- nate. Corolla stipitate ; the stipe clothed with a rufous disti- chous beard; inferior valve brownish, scabrous, linear-oblong, 3-nerved, terntiinated by a scabrous, twisted anvn 2 or 3 inches long; superior valve nearly membranaceous, abruptly acumi- nate, mucronate, 1 -nerved. Stamens 3. Styles short; stigma plumose, white. ATsc/aries 2, lanceolate. Seed oblong-cylin- dric, dark brown. Hab. In the barren sandy woods of New-Jersey. In the High- lands of New-York, near Phillipstown. Dr.Barratt. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. June.
6. ARISTIDA. L.
Calyx 2-valved, membranaceous, unequal. Corolla 2-valved, pedicellate, subcylindric ; inferior valve co-
ARisTiDA. TRIANDRTA. DIGYNIA. 81
riaceous, involute, 3-awned at the tip ; superior valve very minute or obsolete. Nectaries collateral. Gen. pi. 125. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 57. Juss. p. 29. Roem. &? Schult. Gen. 243. P. de Beaiiv. t. VIII. f. 5. 7. 10. Trin. Agrost. 46. Ch^etaria, Curtopo- GON et Arthratherum p. de Beaiiv, Flowers generally in contracted panicles.
1. A. dichotoma Mich.: cespitose ; culm dichotomous ; flowers racemose-spiked ; lateral awns very short, the inter- mediate one contorted. Mich. FL I. p. 72. Pursh FL
I. p. 72. Elliott Sk. I. p. 141. Muhl. Gram. p. 171. CvKiovoGoa dichotomus P. de Beauv. Roem. ^ Schult,
II. p. 398.
Root annual or biennial, (perennial Ell.) Culms 8—12 inches high, very slender, producing a short branch at every joint. Leaves setaceous, erect, nearly smooth. Sheaths very short, open. Flowers in racemes, on clavate peduncles. Calyx shorter than the corolla ; glumes unequal, linear, mucronate, serrulate on the keel. Corolla 1-valved, closely involute; la- teral awns straight, not half thejength of the valve; middle awn contorted or bent horizontally, (hygrometric) Stamens 3. Styles 2. Seed linear, elongated.
Hab. In sandy fields and in dry gravelly situations; sometimes on hills ; common. September.
2. A. stricta Mich.: culm and leaves straight, erect; leaves pubescent ; raceme long, somewhat spiked, crowded, awns twice as long as the corolla, spreading. M i c h. Ft. I. p. 41. £//ioU SA;, I. p. 142. Pursh FL I. p. 72. Muhl. Gram. p. 174. Ch^itaria stricta P. de Beauv. Roem.^ Schult. II. p. 391. Arist. adscensionis Walt, Car. p. 74.
Root perennial. Culms cespitose, 2 — 3 feet high, branching at the base. Leaves elongated, linear, convolute towards the extremity. Flowers of the fianicle not crowded. Calyx: un- equal, very acute. Inferior valve of the corolla hairy at the base ; awns scabrous, the intermediate one the longest, but all twice as long as the corolla. Elliott.
Hab. Near Philadelphia. Mr. Collins. (Barton.)
3. A. purpuras cens Poir.: culm filiform, erect, simple ; leaves very narrow, flat; flowers in a long spiked panicle; awns nearly equal, twice the length of the corolla, divaricate. Poir. Enc. Supp. 1. p. 452. A. racemosa Muhl. Gram. p. 1 72. Chjetaria purpurascens P, de B e a uv. Roe m, ^ Schult, 11. p. 390.
Root perennial. Culm 2 — 2\ feet high. Leaves about a foot long, erect, very narrow, filiform towards the extremity, sea- 1!
iQ TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. aristida.
brous on the upper surface. Sheaths short, open, smooth. Panicle elongated, loose. Flowers on short, appressed, cla- vate pedicels' Calyx a third longer than the corolla ; glumes unequal, purple, lanceolate,, mucronate, or terminated by a short cusp. Corolla cylindrical, often spotted with dark, purple ; inferior valve involute, hairy at the base ; the middle awn a little longer than the lateral ones; superior valve very snort, membranaceous. Seed cylindrical, slender. Hab. In sandy fields and woods ; abundant in the pine-barrens of New- Jersey. Deerfield, Massachusetts. Dr. Coo ley, September — October.
Nearly allied to the preceding species, and perhaps not distinct.
7. MUHLENBERGIA. Schreber.
Calyx very minute, 2-valved, (l-valved Schreb.-—' MuhL) truncate, unequal. Corolla 2-valved, hairy at the biise, inferior valve terminating in a slender bristle. Gen. pi 103. Schreb. Gram, t. LI. Nu 1 1. Geiu I. p. 41. Tr i 77. Agrost. 40. F. de Beaiiv. t VIL f. 9. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen, 236. Dilepyrum Mich. Fl. I. p. 40. Flowers paaicled.
M. diffusa Schreh.: culm diffuse, (dtecumbent ;) leaves linear-lanceolate^ panicle branched, appressed ; awns as long as the corolla. Schreb^ 1, c. fVilld. Spec, I, p. 320. Enum. hort. Berol. I. p. 81. Pursh Ft. I. p. 61. Elliott Sk.\. p. 98. t. 5. f. 1 . MuhL Gram, I. p. 56. Roem. S^ Schult, II. p. 383.
Moot fibrous, perennial. Culm decumbent, about a foot and & half long, compressed, geniculate, branched ; branches assur- gent. Leaves scabrous, naked, about 3 inches long and 2 lines wide. Sheaths open, striate, smooth. Stifiule very short, trun- cate, finely lacerate. Panicle terminal and lateral, very slender, consisting of interrupted appressed racemes; branches scabrous. Flowers pedicellate. Calyx persistent, exceedingly minute, (not a sixth part as long as the corolla ;) glumes laeiniate, re- sembling bracts. Valves of the corolla unequal ; the inferior longer, linear-lanceolate and almost triangular, with 3 promi- nent scabrous nerves ; bristle slender, scabrous, purple ; supe= rior valve indistinctly 3-nerved, awnless. Stamens 3 ; anthers pale yellow. Styles 2 ; stigmas feathered. Seed linear-oblong, Hab. On dry and rocky hills, and in fields ; common on the hills between Bergen and Weehawk, New-Jersey. August — Sep- tember.
8. TRICHODIUM. Michaux, Calyx 2-valved; valves nearly equal, serrulate on the keel. Corolla 1-valved, smaller than the calyx.
TRTCHODiCM. TRIANDRIA. D1GYN1A, 83
Stigmas nearly sessile. Mich. /^/. I. p. 41. JVut t Gen. I. p. 42. Boem. 8? Sc/iult. Gen. 211. P. de Beauv. Agrost. t. IV. f. 8. Cornucopi.e JValt. Agrostidis spp. Liji^ ^ Tri7i. Thin-grass,
1. T. laxijlorum Mich.: culm erect, leaves setaceous, and with the sheaths somewhat scabrous ; panicle diffuse, ca- piilarv, with trichctomous bi-aiiches ; calyx unequal. M i c h, F/. TI p. 42, t. 8. Big. Bost.i).22. Pursh fl.l.p.GU excl. syn. Wiild. Elliott Sk. I. p. 99. M u h I. Gram. p. 60. Roem. <$/• Schuli. II. p. 282. Agrostis laxa Schreb. {Muhl, ir P uv sh.) Cornucopia hyemalii Walt. Car. p. 73.
Roat perennial. Culm about a foot and a half high, very slender, terete. Inferior leaves 4 — 6 incheb long, becoming involute and almost filiform; the superior ones shorter and flat. Sheaths open. Sti/iule lanceolate, lacerate, white. Panicle^ when the flowers are mature, very much spread and loose, pyramidal ; the branches verticillate in threes, hispid, exceedingly slender. Flowers purplish, in terminal fascicles. Glumes of the calyx linear-lanceolate, acuminate ; the inferior one a little shorter. Valve of the corolla lanceolate. Stamens 3 ; anthers pale yellow. Stigmas white, plumose. JSTectariea minute, lance- olate, entire.
Hab. In dry fields and in exsiccated swamps j common. May — June.
2. T. scabrum Muhl.: culm geniculate at the base, as- surgent, branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, flat, striate, sca- brous ; sheaths generally smooth; panicle verticillate and divaricate ; calyx unequal ; corolla ovate, acute, 3-nerved. Muhl. Gram. p. 61. Agrostis scabra Willd. Spec. J. p. 370.
Root perennial. Culm a foot or 18 inches high, often geniculate and branched at the base, terete, smooth. Leaves 6 — 8 inches long, a line or a line and a half wide, striate, pale green. Sheaths closed. Sti/iule elongated, lacerate, membranaceous. Panicle diffuse, much branched ; the lower part generally concealed in the uppermost sheath; branches in whorls of 5 or 6, capillary, scabrous, a little fiexuous, incrassated beneath the calyces. Celyx strongly serrulate on the keel ; margin scarious. Corolla smooth (sometimes awned on the back. Mu h I.) Stamens 3 ; anthers oblong, yellow. Stigmas plu- mose. Seed oblong, acuminate.
Hab. In dry, open woods; common. August — September. Easily to be distinguished from the preceding species by its pale-green aspect, and by its broader, flat leaves.
3. T. elatum P ur s h : culm erect, firm ; leaves nar- row-linear, fiat, scabrous ; sheaths smooth ; panicle verticil-
84 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. trichodium.
late, a little spreading ; glumes nearly equal. Pursh Fl. I. p. 61. Trichodium No. 4. (anonymous) Muhl. Gram,' p. 62. Cornucopia altissima Walt. Car. p. 74.
Root perennial. Culm 3 feet high, simple, slender, but firm, leafy. Leaves often growing in tufts about the root, and then very narrow and involute; those on the culm 6 — 8 inches long, flat. Panicle purple, exsert; branches in fours or sixes, a little contracted. Glumes of the calyx lanceolate, acute. Corolla one third shorter than the calyx, 5-nerved. Stamens 3. Stig- mas plumose. Seed linear-oblong, acuminate.
Hab. In sandy swamps ; New-Jersey ; particularly at a place called Quaker-bridge, about 31 miles N.E. from Philadelphia. August.
Pursh quotes, as a synonym of this species, the Agrostis dispar of Mi chaux ; but that plant appears to be a genuine Agrostis, as it has a corolla of two valves, though one of the valves is very small. In the T. datum the corolla is certainly but 1-valved.
4. T. montanum*: culm cespitose, erect ; leaves invo- lute-filiform, and, as well as the sheaths, scabrous ; panicle capillary, lax, a little spreading ; glumes equal.
Moot a tuft of fibres, perennial. Culm 8 inches to a foot in height, gi'owing in small tufts, simple, filiform. Radical leaves 2 — 3 inches long, almost setaceous ; those on the culm a little longer. Sheaths closed. Stipule ovate, bifid, serrate. Panicle elongated ; branches in about fours, semiverticillate ; divisions trichoto- mous, capillary, flexuous, hispid. Flowers in fascicles at the extremities of the branches. Glumes of the calyx remarkably equal, lanceolate, serrulate on the margin and keel, nerveless. Corolla nearly a third shorter than the calyx, awnless, ovate, 3 -nerved. Stamens 3. Seed oblong, acute.
Hab. On the summit of the Fishkill mountains. New-York. July.
Nearly allied to T. laxijlorum, but distinguished by its ces- pitose habit, less spreading panicle, and equal glumes. It has much affinity to T. elegans R o e m. ts^ Schult. II. p. 283.
9. AGROSTIS. L.
Calyx 2-valved, 1-flowered, compressed, herbaceous. Corolla 2-valved, membranaceous, generally larger than the calyx, often hairy at the base. Nectaries collateral. Seed coated. Gen. pi. III. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 45. Juss. p. 29. Roem.^ Schult. Gen. 229. P. de Beaiiv. t. VI. f. 10, et Vilfa, Achnatherum, Sporobolus et Aspera ejusd. Trin. Agrost. ^2>.
Bent-grass.
AGR0ST4S. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 85
1. A. stricta Willd.: panicle elongated, straight; calyx equal; corolla smaller than the calyx; valves unequal, with an awn at the base of the outer one, longer than the flower. Willd. Spec. I. p. 366. Pursh Fl. 1. p. 63. Muhl. Gram. p. 65. Trichodium strictuni Roem, <$/• Schult, II. p. 281.
Cuhn erect, smooth, with black nodes. Leaves linear-lanceolate, scabrous on the margin, Sti/iuie acute or retuse, cleft, white. S/ieaths striate. Branches of the fianicle about 5 ; divisions flexuous, scabrous, erect. Calyx equal ; glumes lanceolate, scabrous on the keel. Corolla 2-valved, with a geniculate awn at the base of the superior valve twice as long as the flower. Stamens 3. Muhl.
Hab. In New-England. Muhl en berg:
I have never seen a specimen of this plant. The A. stricta was introduced into the New-York Catalogue by mistake. It is remarkable that Ro emer is" Sc hu lies should have placed this grass in the genus Trichodium, although IViLld enow expressly mentions that the corolla has 2 valves : perhaps the mistake was made in consequence of Wi II d enow' s remark that it was allied to Agrostis rubra^ which is a genuine species of Trichodium. They have, however, also referred to this genus the A. setacea Li n.., Jlavescens Host, and rufiestris Wi 1 1 deno w, all of which have 2 valves to the corolla, Mu h len b erg (I. c.) remarks that the A. stricta is allied to the A. canina, and adds with a mark of doubt the A. setacea of Curtis as a synonym.
2. A. vulgaris Sm ith: branches of the panicle smooth- jsh, at length divaricate ; outer valve of the corolla 3-nerved; stipule very short and truncate. S c hr ad. Fl. Germ. 1, p. 206. Smith F I. Brit. I. p. 75. Hook. Fl. Scot. I. p. 25. Pursh Fl.]. ip. 63. M u h I. Gram. Tp. 70. Big. Bost. p. 21, R 0 em. S^ Schult. \\. p. 350. A. hispida Willd. Spec. I. p. 370.
Root creeping. Culm ascending, a foot or a foot and a half high. Leaves flat, pale-green, scabrous. Sheaths smooth and striate. Branches oi \.he fianicle verticillate, capillary. Flowers ovate, purplish. Glumes of the calyx nearly equal, smooth except on the back. Corolla a little smaller than the calyx ; valves a little unequal, thin and membranaceous; the inferior one slightly S-toothed.
Hab. In meadows and pastures. June — August. It is gene- rally called Red-tofi. Introduced.
3. A. alba L.: branches of the panicle hispid, spread- ing, lax ; outer valve of the corolla 5-nerved, stipule oblong. Schrud. 1. c. p. 209. Hook. 1. c. p. 25. Willd. 6p''c. I. p. 371. Pursh Fl. I. p. 64. Muhl. Gram. p. 69. Elliott Sk, I. p. 137. Big. Bost. p. 22. Roem. ^
86 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. aorostis.
Schult. II. p. 346. A, decumbens Muhl. Gram,
p. 68. Eoot creeping. Culm assurgent, geniculate at the base and fre- quently throwing out runners. Leaves nervose, scabrous, about 2 lines wide. Stifiuie white and membranaceous, acu» minale. Panicle with the branches at length horizontal, but not divaricate. Glumes of the calyx equal, scabrous on the keel. Corolla shorter than the calyx. Stamens 3 ; anthers yellow. Hab. In fields and pastures; common. June — August. In- troduced.
The A. decumbens o{ Muhlenberg differs so little from A. alba, that I have concluded to refer it to this species. It appears to be nothing more than the A. stolonifrra, or Fiorin- grass of the English botanists, which grass Hooker^ with much propriety, considers only as a variety of A. alba.
4. A. lateriflora Mich: culm erect, branched above, soboliferous at the base ; panicle lateral and terminal, con- tracted, dense : calyx acuminate ; corolla longer than the calyx, equal, pubescent at the base, awnless. Mich. Fl. I, p. 53. Pursh Fl. 1. p. 64. R o e m. ^ S chut t. II. p. 353. A. mexicana M ii h L Gram, p. 67. nee L.et JVilld, Trichochlo^ ? sp. Trin.
Root perennial, creeping. Culm 2 feet or more high, with nu- merous swelling nodes, frequently naked below ; branches erect. Leaves broad-linear, flat, scabrous on the margin and upper surface. Sheaths compressed. Stifiule short, obtuse and lacerate. Panicles terminating the branches, dense and spike-form, a little secund ; the lateral ones partly sheathed at the base ; branches alternate and fasciculate. Glumes of the calyx very acute, rough at the keel. Corolla generally as long again as the calyx, very acute ; inferior valve 3-nerved, rarely with a short awn at the tip. Stamens 3 ; anthers pale purple. Siigmas purple. iSeed oblong.
Hab. In swamps, wet meadows, borders of woods, 8cc. Massa- chusetts to Pennsylvania. August — September.
This grass differs from the A. mexicana L. in having a less branched culm, the corolla longer than the calyx, &c. The A. Cinna oi P e t z, which fVi lldenoiv places as a synonym of his A. mexicana, is monandrous.
0. filiformis*: panicles very slender; corolla nearly equalling the calyx. A. jiliformis Muhl. Gram. p. 66. Willd. Enum. h. Berol. I. p. 95. A. foliosa Roem. ^ SchulU II. p. 373. Trichochloa ^/j/brmis Trin.
Whole plant more slender than the preceding; leaves nar- rower. According to Mu hlenb erg, it varies with a pro- cumbent culm, and the glumes of the calyx unequal and some-- what awned.
AGROSTis. TRIANDRTA. DIGYNIA. 87
Hab. In swamps and wet shady places. New-Jersey and Penn- sylvania. September.
5. A. soholifera Muhl: culm erect, branched; panicle contracted, filiform, simple ; branches appressed ; corolla longer than the equal caljx, hairy at the base ; valves equal, awnless, mucronate at the tip. Muhl. Gram. p. 70, Willd. Enum. h. Berol. I. p. 95. R o t m. ^ S c hul t. II. p. 364. Trichochloa so6o/(/*era Trin,
Root perennial, creeping. Cu!m soboliferous and frequently de- cumbent at the base, about 2 feet high ; branches erect and filiform ; nodes not swelling. Leaves 4—6 inches long, about 2 lines wide, flat, pale-green, a little scabrous. Sheaths open, smooth ; sti/iule obsolete. Panicles at the extremities of the branches, resembling very slender spikes ; branches alternate or in pairs ; flowers crowded. Calyx acute. Corolla nearly half as long again as the calyx ; valves equal, scabrous on the keel, and with conspicuous hairs at the base ; the interior valve with a short point like the rudiment of an awn at the tip. Sta- mens 3. Styles 2 ; stigmas purple.
Hab. On rocky hills, and in woods. New-York and New-Jersey. Plentiful on the hills near Hoboken. In Pennsylvania. Mu h- lenberg. August — September.
This species is not easily distinguished from K.laterifiora fi. by the description, though specimens of each have but little resemblance when compared.
6. A. tenuijlora IVilld.: culm nearly simple, pubes- cent about the joints ; branches (if any) appressed ; stipule obsolete ; panicle contracted, filiform ; corolla longer than the calyx; inferior'valve with an awn twice as long as the flower. Willd. Spec. I. p. 94. Hort. Berol. t. 12. (bona.) Pursh Fl. I. p. 63. Muhl. Gram. p. 63. Roem. (f- Schult. II. p. 372. Trichochloa yongmfa Trin,
Root creeping, perennial. Culm 3 feet or more in height, ge- nerally simple, but sometimes a little branched, soboliferous at the base ; nodes, and generally the sheaths, pubescent. Leaves few, spreading nearly horizontal, strongly nerved, about 6 inches long and 2-^ lines wide, covered with subdiaphanous dots. Panicles filiform, a little sheathed at the base. Calyx- unequal : glumes lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla a third or more longer than the calyx ; inferior valve terminated by an awn 2 — 3 times the length of the flower. Stamens 3. Styles 2. Seed oblong.
Hab. In'stony woods, in rocky shady situations ; not uncommon. July — August.
7. A. syhatica*: culm erect, much branched, diffuse, smooth ; stipule lacerate ; panicle fihform ; corolla longer than the calyx ; awns three times as long as the flower. A. diffuses Muhl. Gram, p. 64. nee Host.
88 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. agrostis-
JRoot creeping?, perennial. Culm 2—3 feet high; branches at first erect, but at length diffuse; nodes swelling. Leaves spreading, distinctly nerved, sprinkled with subdiaphanous dots, scabrous. Sheaths f^pen and smooth. Branches of the panicle appressed and very slender. Calyx a little unequal j glumes lanceolate, acuminate, white with a green scabrous keel, 1 -nerved. Corolla a thu'd longer than the calyx, a littlehairy at the base; valves lanceolate, acute; the inferior with a straight scabrous awn at the tip sometimes four times as long as the flower. Stamens 3 ; anthers white. Seed dark brown, oblong.
Hab. In rocky situations; common on the mountains of New- Jersey. August.
Nearly allied to the preceding, and perhaps not a distinct Species. It is, however, easily distinguished by its branched, diftuse culm.
8. A. compressa*: whole plant very smooth ; culm erect, compressed, simple ; panicle oblong, subcontracted, with ca- pillary branches ; calyx equal shorter than the corolla, acute 5 corolla rather obtuse, smooth at the base. Tor ret/ Cat. pi. New-York, p. 91.
Root creeping, perennial. Culm a foot and a half high, sobo- liferous at the base, leafy. Leaves linear, very narrow, almost as long as the culm, compressed. Sheaths carinate, open. Sti/iuie truncate, very short. Panicle terminal, purple, con- sisting of a few simple, erect and flexuous branches. Glumes of the calyx lanceolate; superior glume I -nerved, serrulate on the keel, notciied at the apex, (sometimes muoonate and ra- ther obtuse, or denticulate.) Corolla ovate ; valves often split down 10 the base. Staineris — . Htyle 2 ; siig7nas plumose, purple.
Hab. Sandy swamps in the pine-barrens of New-Jersey. Sept. Collected in 1817 by Mr. J. Goldy, an English botanist, from whom I obtained specimens.
9. A.serolina*: culm filiform,, much compressed ; leaves very narrow, carinate, erect ; panicle attenuate, capillary, erect; branches alternate ; calyx unequal, half as long as the awnless corolla.
Root perennial, fibrous. Culm a foot or 18 inches, very slender, smooth, simple, or with one or two short branches at the base. Leaves 2 — 3 inches long and half a line broad, finely attenu- ated at the extremity. Sheaths compressed, shorter than the joints, smooth. Stifiule ovate. Panicle very slender, 4 — 10 inches long; branches alternate, solitary, flexuous. Flowers elliptical, on long pedicels, which are thickened below the calyx. Glumes of the calyx unequal, ovate, obtuse or acute, 1 -nerved ; the inferior shorter than the corolla. Corolla twice the length of the shorter valve of the calyx ; valves equal, ob- long, obtuse, smooth. Stamens 3. Stigmas plumose. Seed ovate, smooth, dark brown.
AsRosTis. TEIIANDRTA. DIGYNIA. 89
Hab. In sandy swamps in the pine-ban-ens of New-Jersey, September.
Allied to A. juncea^ but differs in the compressed culm, pvate stipule, and the panicle with alternate not verticillate branches. It differs from A. comfiressa in its shorter leaves, more capillary panicle, and calyx half the leni^th of the corolla. Perhaps Pur ah confounded it with his X.juncea.
10. A. juncea Mich.: leaves straight and erect, con» volutely setaceous; panicle oblong-pyramidal, verticiilate ; flowers awnless ; calyx half the length of the corolla. M i c h, Fl. I. p. 52. nee Lamarck, Pursh FL I. p. 64* Elliott Sk. 1. p. 1 37. A. indica M u h l. Gram. p. 71.
Root perennial. Culm I — 2 feet high, erect, slender, terete, smooth. Leaves 2 — 6 inches long, I line wide, smooth, con- cave, convolute when dry, a little glaucous on the upper sur- face ; margins roughened. Shea'fis much shorter than the joints. Stifiule a membranaceous margin. Panicle verticil- late; branches in each whorl about 6. Calyx purple; glumes lanceolate, acute, glabrous; the inferior only half as long as the superior glume. Valves of the corolla nearly equal, and as long as the superior glume of the calyx. Anthers and stigmas nearly white. JVectariea obovate. Ell.
Hab. In barren sandy places ; New-Jersey to Florida. Pursh, In Pennsylvania. Muh I enberg- (Cat. ed. 2.) October.
This grass has not come under my observation. The de~ tailed description I have taken from £llio t t's Flora. Roemer fJf Sc hultes have followed S/irenget in re- ferring the A. juncea of Mich an x to the A. tremula of Willd., which appears to be quite a distinct species, and near to A. indica.
11. A. i)irginica L. : cillnris numerous, procumbent at the base, assurgent ; leaves subdistichous, involute, rigid ; panicles lateral and terminal, spikeform. the lateral ones con- cealed ; calyx equal, about as long as the corolla. Willd. S/jec. 1. p. 373. Walt. Car. ^.11. E Ui o 1 1 Sk.\. p. \39. Muhh Gram. p. 74. R o em. ^ S c hu 1 1. II. p. 354. A. pungens Pursh Fl. 1. p. 64. excl. syn.
Root fibrous, perennial ? Culms somewhat cespitose, sometimes procumbent, geniculate, simple, rigid ; joints distant. Leaves 2 — 3 inches long, erect, hairy at the base, somewhat filiforra at the point, but pungent. Sheaths swelled with the inclosed panicles, smooth. Stifiule 0. Panicles oblong, compressed ; branches simple, alternate or in pairs, 1 — 2-flowered. Glumes of the calyx nearly equal in length, snxooth, acute, carinate ; the inferior narrower, lanceolate; the superior ovate-lanceo- late. Corolla a little unequal, pubescent, awnless, ovate, acute ; the inferior valve shorter and the length of the calyx, carinate; the superior 1 -nerved. Stamens 3 in the terminal panicles; in the lateral panicles 0 ; anthers purple. Styles 2, appruxi- 12
90 TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. AGROJiTiSo
mate ; stigmas plumose. Seed ovale, semitransparent, striate, acuminate, with an oblong scar or adnate scale on one side of the base. Hab. In sandy barren soils; New-York, New- Jersey, &c. Sep= tember — October. Also a native of South-America, {^Hum- boldt,) and of New-Holland, {R. Brown.)
Pursh and Per so on have confounded this grass with the .\. fiungens of ^c/ireber, a species to which it bears scarcely any resemblance.
12. A. lon^ifolia*: panicle contracted, spiked, generally concealed ; corolla much longer than the calyx, subequal, smooth and spotless, without awns; leaves very long, fililbrin and recurved at the apexo A. involuta M u h l. Gram. p. 72. A. aspera M i c h. FL I. p. 52 ?
Root perennial, consisting of large pubescent fibres. Culm erectj, 2 — 4 feet high, simple, terete. Leaves sometimes more than 2 feel ill length, gradually attenuated into a thread-like extre- mity, involute, a little scabrous. Sheaths smooth, closed. Sti- pule bearded. Panicle terminal and lateral ; often partly ex- serted, but frequeatly entirely concealed and swelluig out the sheaths; j^owfr* much compressed. Glumes of the calyx- ovate-lanceolate, while, (in the exposed part of the panicle purple,) membranaceous, nerveless, rough on the keel ; the superior half as long again as the inferior glume. Corolla a little unequal, as long agnin as the inferior glume of the calyx ; valves very smooth, oblong-lanceolate, rather obtuse, without nerves; the inferior a little longer, only slightly embracing the superior; keel a little scabrous. Stamens 3 ; jilaments shorter than the germen ; anthers small, oblong. Styles 2, very sl.ortj arising from eac!i aide of the beak of the seed; stigjnaa de- compound, while or purple. Seed oval, brown, with an oblong adnate scale on one side of the base.
Hab. On sandy hills, and in fields; near Kingsbridge, New- York. Plentifully near Hob'/ken, New-Jersey. Dcerfield, Massaclmsetts. Coo ley and Hi t c h c o c k. In Pennsylva- nia. Muhlenberg. September — October.
In this species Mm A/en6er^ observed no stamens ; yet, thoUf;;h minute, tney occurred in all the specimens which I examined. He also observes, that there appears to be but one style ; but v/hat he supposed to be the style, appears to me to be only ihe acumination of the seed.
13. A. clandcsfina Spren^.: panicle spiked, partly concealed ; corolla unequal, much longer than the calyx, hairy and spotted, slightly awned ; leavesvery long. Spreng. Ctnt. 32. Muhl. Gram. p. 73. Elliott Sk. I. p. 138. Roem. ^ Schult. II. p. 369.
Root perennial. Culm about 2 feet high, erect, terete, smooth. Leaves very long, rigid, scabrous on the margin, glaucous. Stipule bearded. Panicle comracted, concealed, often sooty
ACROSTis. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 91
branches smooth. Calyx smooth ; glumes carinate ; one of them 3-nerved. Co7-oUa twice as long as the calyx; one of the valves acuminate and somewhat awned. 6>f</ oblong, brown, transparent, spotted or scaly at the base. Afu h t. Hab. On dry hills. Pennsylvania. M u /i i e n b c r if. Sep- tember.
The two last species are very nearly allied, and are by Muhlenberg thought to be scarcely distinct. It is pro- bable that one ol tliem is the Agrostis asperu of Michaux, but which, can only be determuiea by a comparisou with the Herbarium of this botanist.
10. ClNNAp L.
Calyx 2-valved, compressed, nearly equal. Corolla linear, compressed, shortly stipitate, naked at the base ; inferior valve inclosijig the superior, with a short awn near the summit. Stamen 1. Style 1. Gen. pi. 20. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 45. Ju s s. p. 29. P.de Beau v, Agrost. p. 31. t. VII. f. 12. Trin. Agrost. 43. Habit ot Arundo. Allied to Agrostis. Flowers panicled.
C. arundinacea Wi lid.: panicle large, capillary, loose ;
leaves broad-linear; culm smooth. W Hid. Spec. 1. p. 31.
4xcL syn. FoTsk, Mich. Fl. I. p. 38. Muhl, Gram.
p. 1. Agrostis Cnina L a wz. ^^c Are 6. Gram. t. 49. Pursh
Fl.]. p. 64. Eoem. 4^ Schuit. II. p, 373. A. monan-
lira {Home m.) R. ^ S. 1. c. p. 374 ?
Boot a little tuberous, perennial. Cuhn 2 — 5 feet high, erect, simple, terete, very smooth. Leaves a foct or m(»re in length, 3 — 4 lines wide, smooth, pale green. Stipule elongated, la- cerate. Panicle terminal, 6 — 10 inches long, aiteiiuated, a little secund or nodding ; ^floivcrfi green. Glumes of the calyx linear-lanceolate, very acute, scarious on the margin; the su- perior 3-nerved, scabrous on the keel. Corolla abcut as long as the superior glume of the calyx, snjooth ; inferior valve with a short straight awn a little below the tip. Antlitr purple. Style 1 ; stigmas 2, plumose. Seed oblong, acute. jVectaries minute, ovate, collateral. Hab. In swamps and wet shady woods; common. August- September. Pursh remat ks that this plant grows on rivers and islands under tide water ; which must be some mistake, as it is by no means an aquatic grass. It is stated by Mu h- lenberg to be good lodder. The height of the culm and size of the flowers vary considerably.
11. POLYPOGON. Desfontaines,
Calyx 2-valved, l-fiouered; valves nearly equal, terminating in a bristle. Corolla 2-valved, shorter than
92 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. polypogon.
the calyx ; the inferior valve terminatin,^ in a bristle. Desfont. Atlant, I. p. 67. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 50. Roem. 8f Schult. Gen. 223. P. de Beauv. Jgrost, t. VI. f. 8. Trin. Jgro.st. 16? Species of Agrostis Ziin. &c. Panicle spiked.
P, racemosus J^'ntt.: panicle dense, conglomerated^ interrupted; bristles of the calyx scabrous; corolla unarmed, hairy at the base; culm branched. J^utt. Gen. I. p. 51. V. glomeraius IV i II d. Enuin. h. Berol. \. p.Bl. Roem. <Jr Schult. U. Tp. 326, V. setusus Spreng. Mant 1. p. 31. Roem, <$/• Schult. I.e. Agrostis rflrcemoso Mich. FL I, p. 53. Pursh FL 1. p. 65. A. setosa M u h I. Gram. p. 65. 'YKicnocHLO K glomerala ci calycina Trin.
Root perennial. Culm erect, compressed, smooth, with appressed branches. Leaves subdistichous, 3 — 5 inches long, erect, ra- ther rigid, flat, scabrous and somewhat glaucous. Sheaths smooth, striate, closed. Stifiule scarcely apparent. Panicle terminal, about 2 mches long, many-fl(;wered, interrupted be- low. Glumes of the ratyx linear, terminating in scabroys bristles twice the length ol the corolla. Corolla nearly equal ; th^ inferior valve lanceolate, 3-iierved, hairy on the lower part and at the base, mucronate ; superior valve 3 nerved, hairy only at the base. Stamens 3 ; anthers yellow. Styles 2 ; stigmas puiple. <Sffrf oblong-cylindrical.
Hab. In bog-meadows August — -September. Common in the Hackensack meadov»s, New-Joisey. A native also of the banks of ihe Missiisippi aiid of the Missouri.
The plant here described does not agree precisely with the generic character of 1'olypogon, the extcrjor valve of the co- rolla being awnless ; biit, according XoN'uttall, the awn is often wanting. I have retamed the specific name of Mi c haux according to \[\^ established rule oi Linn tcus.
12. TRICHOCHLOA. Dc Candolle.
Calyx 2-valved, 1-flovvered; glumes very minyte. Corolla much larger than the calyx, 2-valyed, naked at the base ; interior valve convolute at the base, termi- nating in a long awn not articulated. f De Cand. Cat.
■j- I he genus InicHocHLOA is very diftlrently characteriztd by Trinius in his new Agioslographia. The following is his descnplion :— " Panicula contrc'Cta, angustaia. Cat. longitudine vuria, plerunque persistens. Cor. callo pilifero nisidens ips;.que inferne pilis adspersa, acuminata 1. rostrate, setigera.^ Xorf (nect.) squamae colL.tcrales. .S7am. 1— 3. iSemera oblongnm, tectum" Trin 1. c 41. He divides jt ir.td luo seciions. 1 GUitnis ovatis, corolla multr. brevioribus- To this is referred the Aghostis ieniirjiora Will d., And A. sobolifera Muhl. 2. Gtitmis ungnstatis acummatis, lornri- tudine vuria,- whicli cont.ms \. 7n^icu7ia L., A-Jilifonnis Willd.y and PoLYf OGON glomeratus W ill d.
TRTCHOC'HLOA. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNTA. 93
Hort. Monsp. 18. Roem, ^ Schult. Gen. 238. PoDosEMUM Desv. p. de Beaiiv, Jgrost. p. 29, t. VIII. f. 1—3. Stip^ spp, Z.
T. capillaris De Cand.: leaves convolute-filiform, smooth ; panicle diffuse, capillary, very slender ; pedicels longer than the awns ; awns 3 — 4 times the length of the flower. Roem. <^ Schult, 11. p. 384, Stipa capillaris Lam. III. n. 790. S. sericea Mich. FL L p. 54. P u r s h Fl. I. p, 73. S. diffusa W alt. Car. p. 78, Agrostis se- ricta Muhl. Gram. p. 64, Elliott Sk. I. p. 135.
Root perennial. Culms cespitose, erect, about 2 feet high, very slender. Leaves a foot and a half long, erect, filiform towards the apex. Sti/tule membranaceous. Panicle purple, 8 — 10 inches long ; branches in pairs, much divided and nearly as fine as human hairs, a little flexuous. Calya: less than half the length of the corolla; glumes lanceolate, one of them with an awn at the extremity about its own length. Corolla with nearly equal valves; the inferior valve gradually produced into a ca- pillary awn ; superior valve acuminate, somewhat pilose at the base. Stamens 3. Sdgmas purple. Seed oblong.
Hab. In the sandy pine woods of New-Jersey. Deerfield, Mas- sachusetts. Dr.Cooley. September — October.
An elegant and delicate grass, with large, glossy, purple panicles. It is very properly separated from Stipa by Z)<? Candolle and Be auv ois. To Agrostis it is much more nearly related. Trichochloa inexpansa et polypogon oi De Cand. and Roem. 13" Sc hiilt. I.e. appear to be only varieties of this species.
13. ARUNDO. L.
Calyx 2-valved, unequal, membranaceous. Corolla jnembranaceous, surrounded with hairs at the base; inferior valve mucronate, or slightly awned ; supe- rior valve sometimes with a pencil-form rudiment at the base. Gen. pi. 124. Juss. p. 32. Trin. Agrost. 29. Cal AM AGROSTIS lioth. P. de Be auv. t. V. f. 9. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 45. Flowers panicled.
1 . A. canadensis M i c h. : panicle oblonq:, loose ; glumes scabrous, pubescent, as long as the corolla ; corolla awned on the back ; hairs at the base equalling the valves ; culm and leaves smooth. M ic h. Fl. \. Tp.l3. P ur s h FL ). v. i^'u Roem. ir Schult. I. p. 509. A.confinis Willd.Enum, hort. BeroL 1. p. 127. (fide Muhl.) Roem, <^ be hull.
94 TRIANDRIA. DTGYNIA. arijndo.
II. p. 507. A. cinnoides Muhl. Gram. p. 187. A. os;ros- toides Pursh Fl. I. p. 86. Calamagrostis mexican& Null, Gen. I. p. 46. excl. sjn. P ers.
Boot perennial, fibrous. Culm 3 feet or more in height, simple, or rarely branched below. Leaves a foot long, abuin 3 lines wide, flat, somewhat glaucous, strongly nerved, pubescent above, smooth beneath. Sheaths clasping; the lowest ones pubescent backwards. Sri/iule elongated, lacerate. Panicle erect, much divided, at first contracted, but at length a little expanding; branches aggregated in fours or fives, scabrous. Calyx rather longer than the corolla ; glumes nearly equal, lanceolate, acute, 1 -nerved, scabrous, particularly on the keel; sides tinged ol a purplish colour. Corolla unequal ; inferior valve longer, bifid at the apex, avvped a little below the middle of the back; awn projecting beyond the flower; superior valve rather obtuse, entire. Pofifius copious, white, partly siipitale, as if the rudiment of an abortive flower. Sted pubes- cent {Mu h l.) Scamens 3 ; anthers yellow. Sdgmas plu- mose.
Hab. In swamps and bog-meadows. Frequent on the small rivers which empty into tiie Hudson. Wiliiamstown, Massa- chusetts. Benuey. Deerfield, Massachusetts, Cooley^ August.
2. A. coarctata^': poniclo somewhat spiked, conglomer- ate; calyx a little longer than the corolla, carinate ; corolla longer than the pappus, awned a little below the tip. Agros- Tis glauca Muhl. Gram. p. 76. t Calamagrostis canadeyi- sis JST u n. Gen. L p. 46. excl. syn. M ich. Arundo strir.la Spreng. JVtue Entdeck. I. p. 247. excl. syu. Timm. et Ell.
Hoot perennial. Culm 3—5 feet high, erect, terete, somewhat glaucous. Leaves broad-linear, scabrous, and with the sheaths a little glaucous. Sii/iule oblong, obluse. Panicle stiffly erect, never spreading ; branches aggregated. Calyx nearly equal, lanceolate, acuminate; the interior glume 1 -nerved; the su- perior 3-nerved ; keel scabrous. Valves of the corolla nearly- equal ; the inferior scabrous, 5-nerved, bifid at the apex ; anvn straight, not half the length of the valve ; superior valve bicarinate, a little cleft at the apex. Pafipus two-thirds the length of the flower, partly stipitate at the base of the su- perior valve. Seed villous, with a hairy tuft at the extremity.
•j- 1 have not adopted the specific name of Muhlenberg, as there is »n AncNDO glauca described by JJo me ma n, wbich is probably distinct from the present species. The following are its characters : — " A. pani- culd subpalente cerniia, cah/ctbus acmuinatis, pilis corollam excedenlibus, arista terminali recta, calycem excedente. Folia linearia, apice setacea, con- voluta, cum culiiio glauco, Hab. In Amcr. Septentrional." Raem. & iichult. II. p. 503.
£RUNDO, TRIANDRTA. DIGYNIA. 95
JVectaries lanceolate. Stamens 3 ; anthers yellow. Stigmas white. Hab. In bog-meadows, particularly those in the vicinity of salt- water. Common in the Hackensack and Newark meadows, New-Jersey. In Pennsylvania and New-England. Mu h len- der g: July — August. It sometimes bears er^or.
Allied to A. Uttorea of S c hrader. The synonym of Sfirengel (1. c.) I have no doubt is correct, as his descrip- tion was taken from specimens which I sent him. The A. atricta of Timm. differs from our plant in having the awn dorsal and near the base.
3. A. brevipilis*: panicle diffuse, capillary ; calyx un- equal, shorter than the corolla, bearded at the base ; corolla equal, awnless, hairy 5 pappus very short. A. Epigeios M u h L Gram. p. 189.^ Root perennial. Culm 3—4 feet high, terete. Leaves broad- linear, and with the sheaths very smooth. Stifiule hairy. Panicle pyramidal, lax ; branches single or in pairs. Calyx with 5 opposite tufts of hair at the base, scabrous towards the upper part, acute, 1 -nerved; inferior glume much shorter than the other. Corolla with lanceolate, rather obtuse valves, the inferior without any traces of an awn. Pajifius about a third as long as the flowers. Hab. In sandy swamps in the pine-barrens of New- Jersey, near Quaker- Bridge. September,
Allied to A. Efiigeios, but differs in its capillary panicle, much shorter pappus, the absence of the dorsal awn, 8cc.
14. PSAMMA. P.deBcauv.
Calyx 2-valved, awnless. Corolla 2-valved, shorter than the calyx, surrounded with hairs at the base. Nee taries linear- lanceolate, longer than the seed. Style 3-parted; stigmas 3. P, de Beau v. t. VI. f. 1. Boem. ^ Schu It. Gen. 3S7. Arundo L. Trin. Ammophila Host. Calamagrostis Roth. Pha- LARis Nutt. Flowers in a dense spiked panicle.
P. arenaria P. de B.: panicle spiked ; calyx acute ; co- rolla three times as long as the pappus ; leaves involute. R 0 e m. ^' Schult. \l. p. 845. Arunuo arenana Lin, Wi t Id. Spec. \. p. 457. S mith Fl.Brd I. p. 148. Ens;, Bot. t. 520. Mich. Fl. 1. p. 73. Pursh Fi. 1. p. 87. Muhl. Gram. p. 88.
Root perennial, extensively creeping. Culm 2 — 3 feet high, erect, rigid. Leaves very long, smooth and glaucous, 4 — S lines wide, finely attenuated and pungent. Sheaths smooth. Sti/iule oblong, obtuse. Panicle dense and cylindrical, white,
96 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. psamma*
6—10 inches long and about an inch in diameter, Rachis sea-- brous. Flowers much compressed. Glumes nearly equalg linear-lanceolate, scabrous on the keel; the inferior 1-nerved ; the superior 3-nerved. Corolla resembling the calyx, sur- rounded ai the base by hairs one third its length; inferior valve longer than the superior, obscurely 5-nerved. Stamens 3; an//rers large, linear, yellow. 5/t//e very short, 3-cleft; stig- mas pectinately plumose. Mctaries longer than the somewhat triangular seed. Hab. On the sea-icoast of New-Jersey and Long-Island, confin- ing, by its long creeping roots, the loose sands of the shores August. This grass is common to most parts of the world.
15. CRYPSIS. A it on.
Calyx 2-valved, membranaceous, carinate. Corolla longer than the calyx, which it resembles in substance and form. Stamens 2- — 3. Nectaries 0. Gen. pi. 1710. Nutt.Gen.\.^.4>9. Lam. 111. t.XlAtt 1.2. Roem. ^ Schu It. Gen. 231. Trin. Jgrost. 36. Cryp- SIS et Heleochloa P. de Beauv. t. VI. f. 12. et t. VII. f. 3. Flowers in a dense oblong or cylin- drical spike.
C, ^irgin^ca J^utt,: spike oblong-cylindrical, thick antj lobed ; culm procumbent and geniculate ; leaves at length involute, rigid, pungent. JSfutt. 1. c. excl. syn.
Root annual. Culm 6 — 12 inches long, much branched from the base. Leaves at first flat, divaricate, striate, hairy on the upper surface. Sti/iule very short, bearded. S/iikes lateral and terminal, closely surrounded at the base by the inflated sheaths of the 2 uppermost leaves; the terminal spike an inch or more long ; the lateral ones shorter. Calyx a little unequal; the inferior glume shorter; both of them rough on the keel. Valves of the corolla nearly equal, very acute, naked at the base, nerveless. Stamens 2 ? Styles approximated ; stigmas exsert. Seed ovate, rather obtuse.
Hab. In the suburbs of Philadelphia, where it was first detected by Dr. W. P. C. Bar ton ; the only locality of this. plant yet known. I found it in flower as late as October. Intermediate between C. alopecuroides and aculeata.
16. ALOPECURUS. L.
Calyx 2-valved, equal ; glumes generally connate at the base. Corolla 1-valved, utriculate, cleft on one side, awned below the middle. Styles often connate. Gen. pi. 102. Nutt, Gen, I. p, 51. Juss. p. 29,
ALOPECURUs. TRIANDRTA. DTGVNTA. 97
Roem. £s? Schult. Gen. 209. P. &; Beaiiv.t.W, f. 5. 6. Tnn. Jgrost. 14. Panicie aj'iked, cylindric.
Fox-tail grass,
1. A. prniensis L. : c:ilnn erect, smooth; spike cylindric, obtuse. Idbed ;. calyx ci'iule, sornewh-Ht villo«ie, co.inate below the middle ; corolla as loiii: as the calyx. IV i lid. E?twn. h, BtroL \. p. 5. S-iec. I. p. hbl . Engl BoL t. 759. Pvrsh Fl. I. p. Go. M uhl. Gram. p. 80. Roem, fy Schul t, l\, p. 26J.
Root fibrous, perennial. Culm simple, 2 — 4 feet hic^h, terete, sniootn. L'.aves flat and smooth. Siifiult ovate. S/iike about an incli and a half li>ng. Flowers crowded on short brunciies. Calyx acute, lower part villose and ciliate. Corolla si-nietinies a little shorter than the calyx, obliquely truncate. Jivn twisted, scabrous, twice the length of the flower. Stamens 3 ; anthers yellow. Styles cotinate.
Hab. In fields and pastures. June — July. Doubtless intro- duced from Europe.
2. A. geniculaWs L.: culm ascending, geniculate ; spike cylindrical ; glumes a little connate al the base, hairy on the back and margin ; corolla truncate ; styles free. S chr ad, Fl. Germ. 1. p. 173. IV it Id. Spec, I. p. 358. Smith Ft. Brit. I. p. 74. Evg. Bat. t. 12o0. R oem.^- Schult. n.p.273. JliwA/. Gram. p. 81. E I lio 1 1 Sk, \. ^s, \{\, A. carolinianus Walt. Car, p. 74.
Root perennial, creeping. Culm a foot and a half high, a little branching, geniculate and rooting below, terete, smof?th. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 2 — 3 inches long, smooth, flat, vtry acute. Sheaths a little inflated, shorter than the joints. Stipule elongated, obtuse, entire. Sliike an inch and a haif or two inches long. Calyx ovate ; glumes very villose on the mar- gins, distinctly fringed on the keel. Corolla as long as the calyx, smooth, truncated a Utile obliquely. Awn arising from near the base of the valve, nearly as long again as tiie curol'a, geniculate. Stamens 3; an^Afrs oblong, paie ycliow. Siylea a little connate at tiie base; atigrnas much exscrt, simply plu- mose. JVeclaries collateral, lanceolate, very minute.
Hab. In wet meadows and on the margins of ponds. Near New- York ; rare. Fish kill, Sec. June.
jS. arisinlalus* : awn scarcely exserted. A. arislulafus Mich, Fl. I. p. 43. A. suharistatus P e r s. Si/n. I. p. 80. Purs /i F/. I. p. 6G. J^utt. Gen. \. ]). 52. R o t ,n. &r Schult. II. p. 273. Hab. Near Boston. Big-elow.
I have not been able to discover any d'fi'erence between the A. geniculatus and the A. aristulatus Mich., except that in the latter the awns are shorter, and the flowers a little less 13
9& TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. ALofEcuRus.
hairy. Linn a: us remarks that the awii in the former is va- riable in length, being sometimes longer, sometimes shorter than the corolla. The A. geniculatus of this country differs from that of Europe in having the styles connate at the base. The specimens which I examined were, however, in a young state; perhaps when the plant is mature the styles become distinct. The American variety may be the A, borealis of TriniuSyVi\\\c\\ species is thus characterized: — " ./^ pani- eula oblongo-cylindrica,gluniis dfniiformi-acutis, basi connatis, undique sericeis^ corolla obliqup truncata {barbata •) sty lis infra eonnatis. Hab. in Asii et America boreali." Tr i n. 1. c. p. 58
17. PHLEUM. L.
Cahjx 2-valved, much longer than the corolla; glumes equal, boat-shaped, rostrate or mucronate. Co- rolla 2-valve(i, included in the calyx, awnless, truncate. Geii. pi. 109. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 50. Ju s s. p. 29. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen. 233. P.deBeauv. t.VII. f. 4. Tri?2. Agrost.15, /'a/zic/(? spiked, dense, cy- lindric. Cat's- tail grass.
F.pratenf^e L.: spike cylindric ; calyx mucronate-awned;
keel ciliate ; awn shorter than the calyx ; culm erect. Will d.
Spec. I. p. 354. S mi t h F I. Brit. 1. p. 68. Eyig. Bol. 1. 1076,
Roem. <^ Schult. H. p. 378. Pursh Fl. 1. p. 65.
Elliott Sk. I. p. 110. Mnhl. Gram. p. 82.
Root perennial, fibrous, sometimes bulbous. Culm 2 — ^^3 feet high, simple, smooth, terete. Leaves flat, 3 — 4 lines wide, smooth and glaucous. Sheaths smooth. Stipule obtuse, mem- branaceous, at length lacerate. S/ii/ce 3 — 6 inches long, cylin- dric, green. Calyx nearly equal, 3-nerved, fringed with white hans on the keel. Corolla concealed in the calyx; inferior valve larger, 5-nerved. Stainens 3 ; anthers purple. Styles distinct; stigmas plumose, white. Seed oblong. Hah. In fields and pastures. June — August. Introduced from Europe.
18. CYNODON. Richard.
Spikes digitate or fascicled. Flowers unilateral, in a simple series. Calijx 2-valved ; glumes nearly equal, spreading, acute. Corolla 2-valved; superior valve very narrow, surrounded by the inferior one. Riidi- ment minute, pedicellate. Nectaries collateral. Rich. in Pers. Syn. I. p. 85. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 56. Roem, £s? Schult. Gen. 248. P. de Beauv. t. IX. f. 1. Trin. Jgrost. 52. Digit aria Juss. Panicum ^" Bermuda grass.
k^yNODQff. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 99
C. Daclylon P er s.: culm creeping, spikes digitate, (4 — 5,) spreading ; keel of the calyx sc:ibrous ; leaves hairy on the margin and towards the base ; sheaths hairy. P er s, Lc.p.85. Pursh FL \. ^.70. R o e m. ^' S c hul t. \\. p. 410. DxGiTXKix Daclylon Elliott Sk,\.^. \33. M uhl. Grain, p. 1:^2. ? Amen m. Daclylon Lin, IV il I d. Spec, h p. 410.
Root perennial, extensively creepinjj. Culm a foot or more long, stolonifcrous at the base. Leaves somewhat distichous, nar- row. Sfiikes about 2 inches lont;, api)caring serrated on their edges by the projecting calyces of tiie flowers. Glumes lan- ceolate, acute ; the superior one a little longer. Inferior valve of the corolla ovate, mucronate at the tip, scabrous on the keel ; superior valve the length of the other, acute, with a deep groove on the back, in which is lodged the minute rudiment of an abortive Jlower with its footstalk. JVectaries 2, obovate. Hab. In Pennsylvania. August. Muhlenberg.
I insert this plant on the authority of Mu hlenb erg, who has marked it as a native of Pennsylvania in his Catalogue. The above description was taken from specimens sent to me by Mr. Elliott from South-Carolina.
19. GYMNOPOGON. Beauv.
Calyx 2-valved, carinate, nearly equal, longer than the flower. Valves of the corolla nearly equal ; the inferior one with a straight bristle a little below the tip. Rudiment '^cr^.'iX\io\m. F. de Beauv. ip. 41. t.lX. f. 3. Roem,'^ Schult. Gen.256. Trin.AgrosL 55. Anthopogon Nutt. Gen. I. p. 83. Andro- poGONis sp. Mich. Flowers irregularly alternating on setaceous spikes disposed in a panicle.
G. racemosum P. de B. I.e. R o e m. (^ S chult, II.
p. 421. A^nwovoGO^J ambigunm M ich. Fl.\. p. b^. Willd.
Spec. IV. p. 907. Pursh Fl. I. p. 74. Muhl. Gram,
p. 285. Elliott Sk. I. p. 145, Anthopooon leptiiroides
jY utt. I.e.
Root perennial. Culm a foot and a half or two feet high, assur- gent, with numerous joints. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 1—2 inches long, distichous, smooth, flat, rigidly spreading, finely striate. Sheaths smooth, except at the throat, where they are hairy and contracted. Stifiule an obsolete ring. Panicle large, pyramidal, spreading, somewhat verticillate ; branches simple, rigid, 4 — 6 inches "long. Flowers appressed, sessile. Calyx a little unequal, very narrow, pungent, scabrous on the keel. Inferior valve of the corolla lanceolate, 3-nerved, with a bristle a little below the tip 2 — 3 times its length, villous at ths base, slightly hairy on the margin and back ; superior valve
100 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. ovmnopogon.
nearly equalling the other, bifid at the tip. Stamens 3, ex- sertcd. Styles short; stiifinas plumose. Sfcd oblong, sulcate. Budiment on a pedicel 2-tiiirds the length of the perfect flower, sonnetiines a mere awn, but generally with a minute valve» rarely 2-valved. Hab. Sandy fields in the pine-barrens of New-Jersey. August. Ti'is genus is very properly separated from Andropogon by Be an vols and JSTiittalL Ii is more nearly allied to Chloris than to Andropogon. I have adopted the name of the loruier of these einuieni botanists, on account of its pri- ority.
20. PHALARIS. L.
Calyx 1-flowert'd, 2-valvcd, nearly equal, membra- naceous, gibbous oil the buck, carisiate. Corolla 2-valvvd, coriaceous, hairy at the base, shorter thaa the cilyx. 11 idi merits opposite, sessile, resembling valves. A>6tar7e',9 collate.nil. Gen. pi. 106. JVutt. Gen. 1. p. 48. .A?/.v.y. p. 29. Roem. Jif Schult. Gen. 246. P.diBeauv. t. VII. L 1. Phalaris et Digraph IS Trin. Agrost. 56 & 60. Flowers geiieraliy in compound, ovdte, or eloni'^dted, spikes.
Canary grass»
1. I*, americana Ell.: panicle ohlons^, spiked; glumes of the cal\x boat-sbaped, s-.-rrulate ; roroila unequal, rudi- ments hairy. Elliott S/'c. I, p. lOl . V. 'irundiimcea M i c ho fl. I. p. 43. Pursh Fl. I, p. 65. M u h I. Gram. p. 89. F. cnri,liniann W alt. Car. p. 74.'/] C'ALAMAGhoSTis color- at' J'J'utt. Gen. 1. p. 46.
Eo.t perennial. Culm 2 — 5 feet high, erect, a little branching, tfiete, sm'-oth. Leavta bioad-iinear, carinate, smooth, excf pt on the niarij;in. Slieatlis open, striate. Sfi/ii/le metidiranaceous, ovale. Panicle or spike a little spreading whtn old, 2 — 4 inches long. Glumes of tiiec^/i/x compressed towards the tip, rough on the keel, 3-iiervcd, finely fringed on the margin. Corolla a little sunrtey, than the calyx, covered with appressed hairs; the inferior valve' ovate, swelling; the superior lanceolate, bifid. Stamens 3; anthers linear, yellow. Styles 2; stigmas villose. JVi'ctaries ovate, entire. Seed oblong, black.
Hab. Iri swamps and bog-meadows. Hackinsack meadows, New- Jersey. Wiliiamstown, Massachusetts. Dewey. Penn- sylvarua. Muhlenberg. July.
2. P. canariensis L. : panicle subspiked, ovate ; calyx boat-ehaped, entire at the apex ; rudiments smooth. Will d.
I " P. carolimnna. P. panicula spicata ovata. petalis aristatis, calycibuS etriatis." Walt. i.e. ^
jPHALARis. TRTANDRTA. DIGYNIA. iOi
Sfc. I. p. 326. Smith FL Brit. I. ^. 62. E'lg. Bot, t. 1310. Roem. 4^ Schu/t, 11. p. 402. Hoot annual. Cizlm about a foot and a half iii-^h, simple, nearly terete. Leaves br )ad-linear. Shea'/is infl-Ared. Calyx nearly twice the length i)f the corolla. Corolla smooth ; valves lan- ceolate, acute. Rudiments very bhort, entire. Siam-^ns 3. Seed ovate. Hab. In pastures a:vl cultivated i^rovuvls near New-York ; not uncommon. Juiv, Introduced from Earope.
21. ANTHOXANTHUM. L,
Gdijx 2-valvecl, 1 -flowered. Corolla 2-valved, with 2 abortive l-valvcd rudiments at the base; one of them awned from near die base, the other froiu near the tip. Stamens 2. Gm. pi 58. Nutt, Gen. I. p. 47. Juss. p. 29. Roem. ^ Sahiilt. Gen, 115. F. de Beauv. Agrost. p. 64. t. XII. f. 8. Trin, Agrost. 4. Panicle contracted.
A. odoratum L. : spike ovate-oblong ; flowers pubescent, subpeduncled, shorter than their awns. IVilld. Spec, f. p. 15G. Mich. FL 1. p. 39. Big. Bost. p. 8. Pursh Fl. I. p. 65. Elliott Sk.\.\>. 31. M uh I, Gram. p. 2. Eng. Bot. t. 647. Roem. ^ Schult. I. p. 287.
Root fibrous, perennial. Culm about a foot high, erect. Leaves pubescent, flat, 2 — 3 lines broad. S/ifiule elongated, mem- branaceous. Flowers in a terminal s/ii/ce, or spiked panicle, crowded, fascicled on short peduncles. Glumes of the calyx very unequal, membranaceous, pubescent ; the inferior glume shorter, subovate ; the superior lanceolate. Corolla of the perfect flower included, very short; one of the abortive florets with a geniculate awn at the base, of the length of tlie valve ; the otiier with a shorter, straight awn a little below the tip. Stamens 2; anthers very large. Styles 2, short; stigmas much exserted, plumose, white. Seed oblong, black and shining. Hab. Common in meadows, fields, dry woods, &c. May — August. In shady situations the spike is frequently large and loose. Introduced from Europe. Sioeet-scentcd Vernal- grass. What have usually been called t!\e two valves of the corolla in this plant, are considered by Beauv o is, and some of the best modern botanists, as abortive florets, and the two interior scales which surround the stamens and styles, as a perfect flower. This we thmk is the correct view of the genus. It is thus defined in the Jgrostogra/ihia oiBeauvois : — " An- THOXANTHUM. Cat. glumsB membranaces, triflorae, flosculis longiores. Flosculi laterales neutri uniglumes, alio basi iiitra medium arista tonili plicataj alio versus apicem arista recta.
X02 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. anthoxanthum.
FIosculus intermedius hermaphroditus, lateralibus fere triplo brevior. Gtumx coralUnx obtusiusculse, muticae. Stylus bas^ simplex. Stigmata longissima. Semen liberum, sulcatum." P. de B. 1. c.
22. BRACHYELYTRUM. Beauv.
Calyx very minute; inferior glume scarcely per- ceptible. Corolla with the inferior valve terminated by a long bristle ; superior valve with a clavate rudiment at the base. P. de Beauv. t. IX, f. 2. Tririo
AgrOSt. 54. MUHLENBERGIA S C lir 6 b, DiLEPY-
RUM Mich. Panicles racemose.
B. arislalum Beauv, Ro em. ^ S chul t. 11. p. 4 1 3, MuHLENBERGiA erectu R 0 I h. n. Beytr. I. p. 96. S c hr e b. Gram. t. 50. P u r s h Fl. \. p, 6\. E U i o 1 1 Sk. i. p. QG. Muhl. Gram. p. 57. M. aristata Pers. Syn. I. p. 76. Dx- LEPYRUM a?-i.st.osum Mich, Fl. 1. p. 40. Panicle racemose. Jioot creeping, soboliferous. Culm erect, simple, 2 — 3 feet high, with pubescent nodes. Leaves pubescent, particularly on the upper surface and on the margin, 4 — 6 inches long and nearly- half an inch wide, erect, acute, nervose. Sheaths a little opening, pubescent. Stipule membranaceous, obliquely trun- cate, ciliate at the extremity. Particle contracted, consisting of a few simple branches. Flowers all pedicellate, three times as large as in the Muhlenbergia diffusa. Calyx 2-valved, unequal ; inferior glume scarcely perceptible ; the other ten times shorter than the corolla, linear-lanceolate. Corolla un- equal, subulate ; inferior valve 5-nerved, a little scabrous, ter- minating in a bristle twice as long as the flower; superior valve smaller, involute, bifid at the extremity, with a groove on the back, in which is lodged a slender scabrous pedicel somewhat clavate at the extremity. Stamens 2 ; anthers li- near, bifurcate, pale yellow. Stigmas 2, plumose. Seed ob- long, acute. Hab. On mountains and rocky hills; not uncommon in the in- terior of the northern and middle States, from Canada to Penn- sylvania. On the hills near Hoboken, New-Jersey ; rare, June — July.
23. PHRAGMITES. Trinius,
Calyx 5 — 7-flowered. Florets on villose pedicels, except the lowest, which is sessile and naked at the base; inferior valve elongate, acuminate and invo> lute; superior valve somewhat conduplicate. Trin. Agrost. 73. AviVK DO Lin, P.de Be a u v. t. XIII.
?HRAGMiTEs. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 103
f. 2. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 75. Hoem. ^ Schult. Gen> 283. Flowers panicled. Recd-grass.
V, communis Trin.: calyx about 5-flowered ; florets longer than the calyx. Arvnvo Phragmites Willd, Spec. I. p. 454. Smith Fl. Brit. I. p. 144. Eng. Bot. t. 401. Pursh Fl. I. p. 86. Big. Bost. p. 26. Muhl. Gram, p. 88. R 0 em. i^ Schult. II. p. 510.
Root perennial. Culm 6 — 12 feet high, an inch or more in dia- meter at the base, terete, with numerous joints. Leaues 12 — 18 inches long, about 2 inches broad, flat, very smooth and a little glaucous, finely attenuated at the tip. Sheaths clasping, smooth. Stifiule a minute fringe. Panicle very large, loose, somewhat nodding. Calyx smooth ; glumes lanceolate, acu- minate, the inferior much longer than the superior. Lowest Jloret bearing stamens only ; the inferior valve lanceolate, not one third the length of the other, ciliate on the margin ; supe- rior florets surrounded with long white hairs at the base, two thirds tlie length of the valves.
Hab. Borders of ponds and swamps, especially near the salt- water ; common in the Newark meadows. New- Jersey. On Long-Island, near Brooklyn. Near Boston. Bi g e I o iv. In Pennsylvania and Delaware. Muhlenberg. August. The largest tjrass in the Northern States, appearing at a distance like Indian corn. It is common to almost every part of the vyorid.
24. GLYCERIA. R, Brozon.
Spikelets terete, elongated. Calyx many-flowered, shorter than the florets. Inferior valve of the corolla herbaceo-membranaceous ; superior valve somewhat conduplicate. Nectaries collateral, connate. Stigmas decompound. 7?. Broivji Prod. I. p. 179. Roem, hP Schult. Gen. 338, Trin,Jgrost.76. Devauxia F. de Beauv. 1. c. t. XIX. f. 7. Festuc^ sppo L i n. Panicle simple.
1 . G.Jluitans R. B r. : panicle secund, slis^htly branched; spikelets linear-terete, appressed, 8— 12-flowered ; florets very obtuse, 7-nerved ; leaves long, flat. R.Brown I.e. R 0 e m. ^ S c hu 1 1. 11. p. 695. Festuca Jluitans L. Willd. Spec. I. p. 426. M i c h. Fl. 1. p. 66. B i g. Bost. p. 26. Pursh Fl. \. p.Q4. M u h I. Gram. ^. ]66, PoA jluitans Scopoli. Smith Fl. Brit. I. p. 95. Eng. Bot. i. 1520. Elliott Sk. 1. p. 163. Devauxia /wi7an5 P. dt Beau v.
Root perennial, creeping. Culm 3 — 5 feet high, compressed or ancipitous, oblique or procumbent. Leaves 8 — 12 inches long,
J04 TRIANDRIA» DIGYNU. olyceru,
S — 4 lines broad, nearly smooth, finely striate, and with the sheaths smooth. Sti/iule oblong, very thin. Panicle nearly a foot long, lower part concealed in the sheath trom which it proceeds; branches semiterete, bearing the spikelets in a ra- cemose manner. Spikelets nearly sessile, about an inch long ; florets distinct, free. Calyx unequal, without nerves or keel ; superior glume broad, often very obtuse or obliquely trun- cated ; inferior glume shorter, rather acute. Valves of the corolla nearly equal, scabrous; the inferior very (jbtuse, scari- ous on the margin ; apex eroded or many-toothed ; superior valve lanceolate, often longer than the inferior one, slightly toothed at the point. Stamenfi 3 ; anthers large, yellow. Styles short; stigmas white. JV.ctarics fleshy, somewhat cordate. Seed linear-oblong, with a deep groove on one side. Hab. In ditches and on the borders of ponds. June — July.
2. G. aattiflora*: panicle simple, elongated, appressed j ^pikelets linear-terete, 4 — tiJ-flowered ; florets attenuated, acute, indistinctly nerved ; leaves short, erect. Fe&tuca brevifolia Muhl. Gram. p. 167.
Root perennial, creeping. Culm about a foot and a half highy a little compressed. Leaves 3 — 6 inches long, 1 — 2 lines broad, attenuated, and sometimes involute at the point, nearly smooth. Sti/iule elongated, very thin, fii.ely lacerate. Panicle long and slender, a little nodding ; lower part concealed in the sheaths. S/iikelcts acute ; florets distinct. Calyx very un- equal, without nerves. Corolla linear-ianceolate, scabrous, at- tenuated to a sharp point; superior valve much longer than the other, bifid at the tip. Stamens 3 ; anthers yellow. Stig- mas white. Seed oblong, sulcate. JVectarics connate, obcor- date, very minute.
Hab. In overflowed meadows ; Bloomingdale, Fishkill, 8cc. New-York. Near Hoboken, New-Jersey. Deerfield, Mas- sachusetts. Coo ley. June.
Resembles the preceding species in many respects, but ir- easily distinguished by the acute and almost nerveless florets.
25. UNIOLA. L.
Spikelets compressed, ancipital, many-fiowcred. Calyx 2-valved, shorter than the florets'. Corolla 2-valved, avvnlcss; inferior valve boat-shaped; supe- rior valve smaller, concave on the back. Nectaries collateral, emarginate. Gen. pi. 116, Nntt.Gen. I. p. 69. Juss. p. 32. Roe 771.^ Schult. Gen. 302. Tri n. Agrost. 79. P.deBeau v. t. XV. f. 6. Flowers panicled. One or more of the lower florets in each spikelet abortive, 1-A'alved, Spike-grass.
VNioLi, TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 105
1. U. latifolia Mich.: leaves broad and flat; panicle loose, nodding ; spikelets all on loiiif peduncles ; florets; t«orne- what falcate, monandrous ; the lowest one abortive. Mich, FL I. p. 70. Pursh FL I. p. 8-2. Elliott Sk. I. p. 187. Muhl. Gram. p. 155. R u e m. <^ Schult. II. p. 594.
Hoot perennial. Culm about 4 feet high, terete, smooth, a little branching Leaves a fool or two lung, nearly an inch broad, smooth. Sheaths longer than the joints, hairy at the throat. Stifiule very short. Paiiicle often a foot long, loose ; rachis triangular; branches solitary or geminate, unequal. Spiketets nearly an inch long, ovate, about 10-fl>)werec] ; the lowest floret 1-valved, resembling a glume. Glumes unequal, lance- olate, striate, very acute, scabrous on the keel. Corolla re- sembling the calyx in texture; inferior valve very sharp on the keel, which is scabrous and hairy towards the base; apex rather obtuse and mucronaie ; superior valve folded in the in- ferior one, lanceolate, acute, entire, ciliate on the margin. An," ther yellow. Styles 2, short ; stigmas very long, simply plu- mose. Seed oval, compressed.
Hab. On the Allegany Mountains, in shady woods among rocks. Pursh. On the banks of the Susquehannah. Muhlen" berg. August. My specimens are from North-Carolina.
2. U. gracilis M i c h. : panicle elongated, racemose, appressed ; spikelets 3-flower6d ; florets spreading, straight, monandrous, the lowest one abortive. MicL FL I. p. 71. Pursh Ft. \. p. 82. Elliott Sk. \. p. 168. MuhL Gram. p. 157. Bo em. ^ Schult. II. p. 595. Holcus laxus Lin. Sp.pl. 1486* Willd. Spec. IV. p. 934.
Root perennial. Culm 3 — 4 feet high, slender, a little com- pressed, leafy. Leaves a foot or more long, 2 — 3 lines broad, attenuated to a fine point, flat, nerved, smooth. Sheaths shorter than the joints, hairy at the throat. Stifiule very short, ciliate. Panicle with solitary, short, remote branches appressed to the rachis. Sfiikelets broad-cuneate, very acute at the base, 2 — 3 at the extremity of each branch. G/«7«es acute, rigid. Infe- rior valve of the corolla lanceolate, acuminate, minutely trun- cated at the tip ; margin slightly ciliate ; superior valve shorter, a little scabrous on the back. Anther and stigmas dark purple. Seed oblong, brown.
Hab. In sandy swamps. Common on the sea-coast of Long- Island. In the pine-barrens of New- Jersey. August.
3. \].spicata L.: panicle spiked, straight; leaves invo- lute, distichous, spreading ; spikelets 5 — 9-tlowered ; florets triandrous. Sp. ph 104. W il I d. Spec. I. p. 400. Elliott Sk. 1. p. 166. Muhl. Gram. p. 157. U. ipicala et disti- chophylla Roem. ^ Schult. II. pp. 595, 596. Festuca distichnphylla Mich. FL I. p. G7. Pvrsh FL I. p. 84.
14
lOG TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. unisla.
Root creeping extensively and throwing up suckers. Culm abou' a foot and a half high, erect, terete, glabrous, branched at the base. Leaves numerous, rigid, acute, alternate, 3 — 6 inches long, slightly glaucous. Sheaths closely embracing the culm, longer than the joints, sides and margins smooth ; the upper ones hairy at the throat. Stifiule scarcely apparent. Panicle contracted into a dense spike. Sfiikelets fasciculate, on short branches, sessile, ovate-oblong, of a yelk)wish-green colour, somewhat tumkl ; florets generally all fertile. Calyx unequal, acute, carinate. Valves of the corolla nearly t qual ; the infe- rior one acute and carinate ; the other rather obtuse, the edges- folded inwards and covering the germen. Anthers purple, much exserted. Styles and stigmas very long. A''ectaries ob- ovate, minute. Seed brown, acuminate.
Had. In salt-marshes and on the sea-shore ; common. August — September. Tlie number of florets in each spikelet varies according to the situation of the plant.
26. BRIZA. L.
Spikdets cordate-ovate, many-flowered. Calyx pa- leaceous, bliorter than the distichous florets. Corolla ventricose ; inferior valve cordate, the superior nearly orbicular, very short. Gen. pi. 115. Niitt. Gen, L p. 68. Juss. p. 32. Roem. £s? Scliult. Gen, 289. Trin. Jgrost. 80. F. de Be ait v. t. XIV. f. 3. Flowers in capillary panicles. Quaking-grass.
B. media L. : panicle erect ; spikelets at length cordate,
about 7-flowered ; calyx smalUr than the florets. Willd.
Spec. 1. p. 404. Smith FL Brit. I. p. 109. Eng. Bof.
t. 340. Muhl. Gram. p. 152. Roem. ^' Schult. IL
p. 520.
Root perennial. Culm about a foot and a half high, raked above. Leaves fiat, smooth. Stipule short, obtuse. Panicle few- flowered ; branches capillary, spreading, purple. Sfiikelets tumid, green and purple, at first ovate, but at length becom- ing broader and cordate. Corolla nerveless, smooth. FIab. In the vicinity of Boston, naturalized. Big (low. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. May.
27. POA. L.
Spikelets oblong or linear, compressed, many-flowered (3 — 20). Calyx shorter than the florets. Corolla herbace- ous, awnless, often arachnoid at the base ; inferior valve scarious on the margin. Gen. pi. l\A. Nutt. Gett. I. p. 65. Juss, p. 32. lioetn. ^ Schult. Gen.
,6A. TRIANDRTA. DIGYNIA. 107
294. PoA et Eragrostis Trin. Agrost, 78 & 81, PoA Eragrostis et Megastachya P. da Beauv. Panicle branched and generally effuse. Meadow-grass^
1. V. annua L. : panicle subsecund, divaricate; spike- lets ovate-oblong, 5-flowered ; florets free ; culm oblique, compressed; root fibrous. Schrad. Fl. Germ. 1. p. 304. W i 1 1 (L Spec. 1. p. 390. S m i I h FL Brit, I. p. 1 05. Eng, Bot.UWAl. Elliott SL\. p. 15B. M uhl. Gram, p. 137, Pursh Fl. I. p. 79. Roem. <^ Schult. II. p. 535.
Root annual. Culms cespitose, 6 — 8 inches long, very smooth.
Leaves linear, carinate, smooth. Sheaths loose. Slipule ovate.
Panicle rather crowded ; branches generally solitary, at length
horizontal. Calyx 4^ — 5-flo\vcred ; glumes nearly equal, ovate,
acuminate. Corolla pubescent ; inferior valve obtuse, 5 -nerved ;
superior valve shorter. IIab. In fields, pastures, road-sides, &c. ; rare in woods. Flowers
early in April and through the summer. Probably introduced
from Europe,
2. F.fasciculata'^: panicle expanding; branches straight, fasciculate, crowded ; spikelets oblong, 3-tlowered ; florets free; qalyx minute, unequal ; culm oblique, terete; root fasciculate.
Root perennial, consisting of numerous thick fibres. Culm I — 2 feet high, firm, leafy, branched at the base. Leaves 6 — 10 inches long, flat, and with the sheaths very smooth. Stipule ovate, obtuse. Panicle at first appressed, 3 — 6 inches long; branches a little rigid, with short crowded ones in the axils. Spikelets somewiiat racemose, sessile, crowded, oblong or lan- ceolate, generally 3-fiovvered. Calyx smooth ; one of the glumes larger, 3-nerved, minutely truncated at the tip. In- ferior valve ol^ the corolla ovate, abruptly acuminate, indis- tinctly 5-nerved, very smooth; superior valve ciliate on the margin. Seed oblong, acute.
Hab. In salt-marshes around the city of New-York, August.
3^ P. de7itafa*: panicle loose, somewhat spreading; branches capillary, virgate ; sjiikelets lanceolate, 5-flowered ; florets free ; calyx unequal ; inferior glume obtuse, 3-nerved ; inferior valve of the corolla 5-nerved, 5-toothed at the apex ivhen old. Wikosoria pallida Cat, pi. New-York, p, 92, "Vkxodix pcdlida Spreng, Ncut Entdeck, b, i. p. 246. Root perennial, creeping. Culm erect, 3 feet high, terete, very smooth. Leaves long, flat and membranaceous, pale green, somewhat glaucous beneath. Sheaths striate, smooth. Stipule elongated, ovate. Panicle large, weak, nodding when young, few-liowered. Spikelets all pedicellate, pale green. Cahjx smooth, scarious on the niargin; the inferior glume rather acute. Valves of the corolla nearly equal, lanceolate ; the in- ferior valve distinctly 5-nerved; the superior one lanceoiaic,
108 TRIANORTA. DTGYNTA. poa.
deeply cleft, even when young. Siamens 3 ; anthers pale yel- low. Hiligmas white. Hab. In shady swamps. In the pine-barrens of New-Jersey. On the I^lanrl of N^iw-Y )rk. D ■erfiekl, Massachusetts. C o o- l e y. Williamstown. D e we y.
This plaiu I erroneously referred to JVu 1 1 a I Ts genu$ WiN'DSORTA (Tricuspis P. de Be a uv.) in the Catalogue of the Piai.ts of N vv-York; but I am now convinced it is a ge- nuine species of PoA.
4. P. nqnatica /5. americana*: panicle erect, semiverti- ci^late, diff ise ; branches flexuous, smooth ; spikelets linear, 6 — 8-liowored ; florets ovate, obtuse, free ; leayes broad- li'iear and, as well as the sheaths, smooth. P. aquatica P nrs h Fl. \. p. 80. P. arundinacca M. a Bieb er st, Roem (^ S c A w / f. II. p. .559.
Boot perennial. Culm 4—5 feet high, thick and reed-like, very sm-joth, leafv. Leaves a foot or more in length, nearly half an inch hi iv), Flai, smooth and membranaceous. Sii/iule short, obtuse, abruptly acuminate. Panicle 8—12 inches long, at first contracted and a little nodding, but at length much ex- panded ; branches about 4 at each joint, flexuous and much divided. Sfiikelets generally purple, 6-, rarely 9-flo\vered. Calyx unequal ; glumes ovate, rather obtuse ; tlie superior as long again as the inferior. Corolla oblong ; inferior valve 7-i»erved; the superior one as long again as the other. Sta- mens 3 ; anthers yellow.
Hab la wet meadows Deerfield, Massachusetts. Coo ley. Williamstown. Dewey. Near Schenectadv, N^•w-York. Dr. L. C Berk. Fairfield. Had ley. Near Montreal, Canada. Dr. Paine. August.
5. P. marUima liuds.: panicle branched, somewhat crowded ; spikelets about 5-flowered, terete ; florets rather obtuse, indistinctly 5-nerved 5 root creeping. Smith FL Brit. 1. p. 97. En^. Bot. 1140. W 1 1 1 d. Spec. I. p. 396. Roem. ir Schult. U. p. 360. Muhl. Gram. p. 148.
Root perennial. Culm about a foot high, somewhat geniculate, terete. Leaves involute, a little glaucous, scabrous on the margin. Utifiule ovate, rather obtuse. Panicle erect; branches in pairs, angular, scabrous, somewhat flexuous. Sfiikelets linear and nearly terete, purplish ; florets at length spreading. G'nmes unequal, acute; the inner one broader and 3-nerved. Corolla unequal ; inferior valve ovate, obtuse, obscurely 3-toothed at the tip, woolly at the base ; superior valve ciliate on the margin. Stamens 3 ; anthers large, yellow. Stigmas white. JVtctaries ovate, distinct.
Hab "Cambridge, near Boston, Massachusetts. June. Bige- loiv. Resembles the European plant in every respect.
6. P. hrevifoUa Muhl.: panicle loose; branches in pairs, horizoutal; calyx 3 — 4-flowered ; corolla pubescent;
POA. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 109
leaves very short ; stipule acnminnte. M u h I. Gram, p. 1 38. De Cand. Syn. Fl. Ga/L 1613^? P. alpina /3. brevifolia Gaud? W alpina Pursh Fl. I. p. 71).
JRoot perennial, creeping:. Culm 2 feet his:h, erect and oblique, somewhat angular. Leaves linear, smooth, carinate ; the low- est ones very short. Branches of the paiiicle fl -xukus towards their extremities, sometimes ternate. S/iikelets loose, fl .rets distant. Glumes nearly equal. Inferior valve of the corolla carinate, 5-nerved, often purple; margin white; anthers violet. Mu h L
Hab. On mountains and in woods. Pennsylvania. April. M ulilenb er g.
7. P. pungens^: culm compressed ; leaves very short, cuspidate; panicle somewhat simple, spreading; spikelets ovate, 3 — 4-flowered ; florets vi^ebbed, rather obtuse, obscurely 5-nerved. P. autnmnalis Elliott Sk. I. p. 159.? J^ ut t. Gen. I. p. 66. F. Jlexuosa MuhL Gram. p. 148.
Root perennial. Culm cespitose, about a foot and a half high, partly ancipital. Radical leaves erect, long and narrow; leaves on the culm generally 2, flat, oblong, lanceolate, scabrous only on the margin ; the lower one about an inch long, the other just visible; all erect and carinate, with a coarctate, pungent point. Stifiule truncate, lacerate, sometimes abruptly acumi- nate. Sheaths long, but a little shorter than the nodes. Panicle small, semiverticillate, alternate, hoi'izontally spreading, ter- minating in an almost simple raceme ; branches capillary, mostly by twos or threes; fasciculi 3 or 4. S/iifcelets crowded towards the extremities of the ramifications, cuneate-ovate, or lanceolate, before flowering somewhat acute, 3 or 4-flowered. Calyx smooth, superior glume acute. Corolla ovate-lance- olate, a little obtuse and scarious at the tip, villous at the base, indistinctly 5-nerved ; 3 of the lesser nerves ciliately pubescent below. Stamens exserted. Styles sessile, complicately plu- mose, white. JSfutt.
Hab. Around Philadelphia, in rocky situations, on the banks of the Schuylkill, 8cc. April. J^u ttall.
This species I have not seen. The synonyms oi E llio Ct and Muhlenberg are doubtful.
8. P. pralensis L. : panicle diffuse ; upper leaves much shorter than the smooth sheaths ; florets acute, 5-nerved, v^ebbed at the base ; stipule short, truncate ; root creeping. Schrad. FL Germ. I. p. 298. Willd. Spec. I. p. 388. Pwrs/t FA 1. p. 78. Roe7n. <^ Sch^llt. l\. p. 533. P. -tiridis MuhL Gram. p. 138. Elliott Sk. I. p. 59.
Root perennial. Culm erect, 2 — 3 feet high. Leaves a little scabrous on the margin ; those on the culm 2 — 3 inches long ; the radical ones much longer. Panicle pyramidal, expanding; branches scabrous, 3 — 4 at each joint. Sfiikeleta ovate, acute,
no TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. »oa.
3 — 4-flo\vered ; florets connected together at the base by a web. Glumes unequal, lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved. Corolla acute ; superior valve a little shorter. Anthers purple. Hab. In meadows and pastures; very common. May — July. Introduced.
9. P. trivialis L. : panicle equal, diffuse ; spikelets ob- long ovate, about 3-flowered ; florets webbed at the base, 5-nerved ; culm and sheaths roughish; stipule oblong; root creeping. Schrad. F I. Germ. I. p. 296. Willd. Spec, I. p. 387. H ook. Fl.Scot.\.\>.3b. P ur s k Fl. I, p.lB. Roem. ^ Schult. II. p. 534. P. stolonifera Muhl. Gram. p. 139.
Root perennial. Culm 2 — 3 feet high, sometimes throwing off suckers at the base. Leaves very narrow, pale green. Sti' pules much elongated ; the lower ones obtuse. Panicle large, pyramidal, verticillate ; branches scabrous. Sfiikelets gene- rally 3-, but frequently only 2-flowered. Glumes unequal, very acute. Corolla smooth on the sides and keel ; inferior valve 3-nerved. Hab. In moist meadows; rare in pastures. June— August. Introduced.
30. P. compressa L»: panicle contracted, somewhat secund ; spikelets oblong, 3 — 6-flowered ; florets webbed \ glumes nearly equal ; culm oblique, compressed ; root creep- \\\^. Willd. Spec. 1. p. 397. S 7n i t h Fl. Brit. I. p. 99o En^. Bot. t. 365. Mich. FL I. p. 69. Pursh Fl. L p. 79. M uhl. Gram. ^.\^\. B i g. Bost. p.'ii. Roem. 4r Schult. 11. p. 558.
Moot perennial, extensively creeping. Culm a foot or more iv. height, often procumbent at base or remarkably geniculate. Leaves short, linear, carinate, smooth and glaucous. Stipule truncate. Panicle at first almost spiked ; branches geminate, short and flexuous, when old a litile expanding. Glumes about 2-thirds the length of the lowest floret, very acute, 3-nerved, serrulate on the keel ; florets slightly connected at the base by a web. Corolla lanceolate ; inferior valve indistinctly 5-nervedj slightly hairy on the sides and keel; superior valve very nar- row, a little ciliate on the margin. Stamens 3. Styles very- short. Seed oblong, obtuse, red. Hab. In fields and on dry hills. June — July. Blue-grass.
13. syheslris*: panicle loose, spreading ; spikelets 2 — 3- flowered ; culm slender, nearly erect.
Hab. In dry woods near New-York, &c. July.
11. V. serotina Ehrh.: panicle elongated, ditfuse, at length somewhat secund ; spikelets ovate-lanceolate, 2 — 3- Howered ; florets a little webbed at the base, yellow at the
?0A. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. m
tip, obscurely 5-nerved; root creeping. Schrad. Fl. Germ, I. p. 299. V.serotina 13. palustris R o e m. 4-' Schult, IK p. 553. P. hydrophylla P ers. Spi. 1. p. 89. P. palustris Muhl. Gram. p. 150. P. crocata Mick. FL I. p. 68. Root perennial. Culm 2 — 3 feet high, erect. Leaves about a foot long, narrow, flat, smooth. Siifiule elongated, lacerate. Panicle 8 — 10 inches long, much branched, appressed when young, a little nodding, semiverticillate. Cahjx often 2-flovvered, nearly as long as the lowest floret, very acute, compressed, scabrous on the keel. Corolla lanceolate, rather obtuse ; valves entire on the margin ; the superior one very narrov/. Stamens 3 ; anthers yellow. Hab. In wet meadows ; common. June. Sometimes called Red-tofi,
12. P. nemoralis L, : panicle attenuated, weak ; branches llexuous ; spikelets ovate, about 3-flowered ; florets loose, slightly webbed, acute, obsoletely nerved ; stipule almost wanting. Schrad. Fl. Germ. I. p. 301. Willd. Spec. J, p. 399. Smith Fl. Brit, I. p. 106. Eng. ^,nt. t. 1235, P ur s h FL I. p. 79 ^ P. nemoralis «. vulgaris R o e m. 4" Schult. II. p. 545.
J^oot perennial, creeping. Culm 2 feet high or more, slender. Leaves narrow, pale green, and with the sheaths smooth. Panicle 5 — 8 inches long, nodding ? branches capillary, in pairs or ternate. Spikelets not numerous, all pedicellate and situated towards the extremities of the branches; ^ore^s much spread and at length distant on the rac/iis. Glumes linear- lanceolate, very acute, without nerves ; one of them longer. Corolla lanceolate ; inferior valve very indistinctly 5-nerved, smooth on the sides; superior valve one third shorter than the other, entire on the margin. Stamens 3 ; anthers yellow. Stigmas white.
Hab. Near Williamstown, Massachusetts. De we y. Deer- field. Coo ley. Cambridge, New-York. Stevenson, New-Haven, Connecticut. M o ns o n.
13. F,7ierrata Willd.: panicle equal, diffuse ; branches weak and at length pendulous; spikelets 5- flowered ; florets free, conspicuously 7-nerved, obtuse. Willd. Spec. L p. 389. Pursh Fl. J. p. 79. Muhl. Gram. p. 140. Roem. ir Schult. II. p. 550. P. striata Mich. Fl. I. p. 69. P. lineata P ers. 1. p. 89. Briza canadensis Mutt. Gen. I. p. 69. nee Supp.
Root perennial. Culm 3 — 4 feet high, very smooth. Leaves flat, narrow-linear, about a foot long, carinate, smooth. Stifiule ovate, much lacerate. Panicle large an 1 capillary, erect when young; branches 2 or 3 together, semiverticinate, angular. S/iikelets ovate, compressed, 4 — 6-flowered ; florets distinct, deciduous. Calyjc very small ; glumes lanceolate, acuminate,
m TRIANDRIA. DIGYNTA. foAo
without nerves ; the inferior one much shorter. Corolla ob- tuse ; inferior valve with 7 elevated nerves, purplish towards the tip; superior valve concave on the back, rather shorter than the other ; margin thickened. Stamens generally 2, in- cluilcfl. Styles short ; stigmas plumose. Seed ovate. Hab. In wet meadows and in ditches. June.
PoA fiarvijiora fursh Fl.l p. 80. (excl. syn.) and Ellio I g Sk. I. p. 57. appears to be only a variety of this species.
14. P. elon^ala*: panicle elongated, racemose ; branches solitary, appres?ed ; spikelets ovate, obtuse, tumid, 3-flovvered ; florets free ; stipule almost wanting,
JRoot perennial. Culm 3 feet high, leafy, terete. Leaves about a foot long, dark green, 2 lines broad, smooth. Sheaths pro- minently striate. Sti/iule exceedingly short. Panicle 8 — 10 inches long, nodding. Spikelets disposed in crowded racemes. Calyx nearly equal, 2-thirds the length of the lower floret, acute, 1 nerved. Inferior valve of the coro//a distinctly 5-nerved; superior valve shorter, rounded at the tip ; margin thickenedj entire. Stamens 2 ? Stigmas white.
Hab. Near Deerfield, Massachusetts. Coo ley. Plainfield. Porter. Williamslown. Dewey.
15. P. ohtusa M uh L: panicle ovate, contracted ; spike^ lets ovate, tumid, 5 — 7-flowered ; florets free ; glumes scari- ous •, corolla ovate, smooth, obtuse •, inferior valve indistinctly 7-nerved ; leaves as long as the culm, and with the sheaths smooth. Muhl. Gram. p. 147.
Root perennial. Culm 2 — 3 feet high, smooth, firm. Leaven frequently overtopping the culm, 2 — 3 lines broad, dark green. Stipule short, retuse. Panicle 3 — 4 inches long; spikelets much crowded, 2 lines long, thick and swelling. Calyx un- equal ; margins remarkably scarious. Corolla nearly equal ; the inferior valve boat-shaped, generally very obtuse ; superior valve margined, bifid at the tip. Stamens often 2. {Miih i.) Seed obovate, black, corrugated. JVecturies ovate, bifid.
Hab. In deep swamps in the pine-barrens of New- Jersey. In Pennsylvania and New-England. Muhlenberg. August — September.
16. F. canadensis^: panicle large, effuse; branches se- miverticillate, flexuous, at length pendulous ; spikelets ovate, tumid, 6 — 8-flowered ; florets free ; inferior valve somewhat acute, 7-nerved ; superior valve very obtuse ; stamens 2. Briza canadtnsis Mich. Fl. I. p. 71. Muhl. Gram. p. 163. Pursh Fl.\.p,82. N ut t. Gen. \\. Supp. Me- OASTACHTA canadensis Roem. (^ Schult, II. p. 593.
Root perennial. Culm 3 — 4 feet high, erect, terete, smooth^ leafy. Leaves often longer than the culm, about 3 lines broad, scabrous and a little glaucous, iiheuths smooth. Stipule ovate^
i-OA* TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 113
obtuse, lacerate. Panicle 6—8 inches Ions, at first pyramidal ; branches virgate, at leni^ih much spreading, pendulous at the extremities. S/iikelcts about 2 lines long ; sides very con- vex. Calyx much shorter than the florets, lanceolate, acute, without nerves, scarious on the margin ; interior glume snialler. Interior valve of the corolla ovate, disiincily nerved, naked; margins scarious ; superior valve obovate, ma-'gined, not cili- ate, bifid at the apex. Sramens always 2 ; anthers short, purple. 5^y/e« very short ; s/Z^-was purple. 5ferf oblong, brown. Mab. On the margins of swamps. Near Greenwich, on the Island of New-York. In the cedar swamp near New-Durham, New-Jersey. Phillipstown, in the Highlands of New-York. Dr. BarratC. Williamstown, IVIubsachusetts. Denv e y. In the vicinity of Boston. Bi^elow. Near Philadelphia* jYutiall. July — August.
17. ?. capillaris L. : panicle very large, loose, ex];iand- ing, capillary ; spikelets 3-flowered, ovate, acute ; florets free ; culm branched at the base ; leaves hairy. Sp. pi. 100. Willd. Spec. 1. p. 394. M i c h. Fl. I. p. G7. Parsh Fl. L p. 79. M u h L Gram. p. 144. Elliott Sk, 1. p. 156. Roem. ^ Schult. II. p. 552.
Root annual. Cuhn a foot or more in height, a little compressedj cespitose and much branched at the base. Leaves linear, flat, finely nerved. Sheaths with very long hairs on the margin and about the throat. Sti/iule very short, fringed with hairs. Panicle § — 12 inches long, much branched, pyramidal; branches 2 — 3 at each joint, not hairy at the base. S/iikeiets on long capillary peduncles. Glumes unequal, lanceolate, acute, scabrous on the keel. Corolla ovale, acuminate; inferior valve 3-nerved, scabrous on the keel ; superior valve shorter, ciliate on tha margin. Seed short-ovate, obtuse or emarginate.
Hab. In sandy fields and on dry rocky hills; not common. August.
IG. P. hirsuta M i c h. : culm erect, compressed, simple ; sheaths hairy ; panicle very large, capillary ; branches ex- panding, at lermth reflected, bearded m the axils 5 spiketets oblong, aho.it 5-flowered ; corolla ciliate on the margin. M i c h. FL I. p. 60. Pursh Fl. \. p. 80. M u h l. Gram.
45. Elliott Sk. 1. p. 157. Rocrri. ^- Schult. II.
p. 552.
Root perennial. Culm a fijot and a half high, straight and erect, thick, cespitose at tlie base ; joints few. Leaves longer than the culm, 2 — 3 lines broad, strongly nerved, with a few long hairs towards the base. Sheaths striate ; the lower ones hairy, bearded at the throat. Panicle a foot long, very much branched;, reflected and divaricate with age ; tlie larger branches swelled at the bas^. S/iikelets purplish; floxets free. Cuhjx acute,
fl4 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. poav
scabrous on the margin. Stamens 3. Seed oblong, red, very small. Hab. In sandy fields. Ncv-Jersey. Pennsylvania. Muhlen- berg. Litchfield, Con:)ecucat. Brace. July — August.
Very similar to the preceding species, but easily distin- guished by its firmer culm and the villose axils of the panicle.
B. .tpeclabij's^: spikelets linear, 10 — 15-flowered. P. spertibilts P ur s h Fl. \. p. Bl. P. refracta M n h I. p. 146. Elliott Sk. I. p. 62. P. amubilis Walt. Car. p. 80. Meq x'iT ACHY A spertabil IS Roem. <^ Schult, II. p. 589.
Culm li.r^er and fii-mer than in the preceding. Sfiikelets hand- somely coloured with purple, sometimes half an inch long.
Hab. In sandy fields along the sea-shore of Long-Island ; par- ticularly aburnlaiit near Bath. Jutfust. In dry barren sand- fields. New-York to Carolina. P ursh.
This variety ceitainly does not differ from the P. hirsuta of Mic liau x^ except in size, and in having more florets in each spikclet.
19. P. pectmacea M i c h. : culm cespKose, oblique ; leaves hairy at Ihe base ; panicle capillary, expanding, pyramidal, hairy in the axils ; spikelets linear, 5 — 9-flowered ; florets free, acute ; superior valve of the corolla persistent. M i c h. F/. I. p. 69. Pursh Fl. \. i^.B\, Roem. ^ Schult. II. p. 562. P. pilosa Muhh Gram. p. 141. P. tenella Pursh Fl. I. p. 80. Elliott S/c 1. p. 160.
Root annual. Cucm from a span to a foot long, geniculate at the base, sometimes decumbent. Leaves 2 — 4 inches long, flat, smooth, except towards the base, 5 -nerved. Sheaths striate, smooth, bearded at the threat. Panicle large, loose ; branches a little flexuous, the lower ones subverticillate. Sfiikelets 2 — 5 lines long. Glumes very unequal, nerveless ; the inferior one minute ; the other scabrous on the back. Corolla smooth, purple, 3-nerved ; superior valve slightly ciliate on the margin under a lens, recurved, persistent, giving the ruchis a pectinate appearance when old. Seed oblong, brown.
Hab. In sandy fields; sometimes in wet sandy meadows. On the Isiand of New-York. About Passaic Falls, New-Jersey. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. July — August.
This species should be compared with P. /lilosa of Lin- naus, (Eragrostis fiilosa P. de Bcauv. and Roem. tS* Schult. II. p. 575 ) to which it appears to be nearly allied. It also resembles P. tenella Retz. 8c JVilld.j and P. /ilu- viosa Retz., but is probably distinct.
20. P. rcptujis J\l i c h.: dioicons ; culm branched, creep- i^>e;; panicle fas'-ioled ; spikelets linear-lanceolate, 12 — 20- fiO-.vered ; fl >rets acuminate. Mich. Fl. I. p. 69. t. 11. Pnrsh, Fl. I. p. «i. Muhl. Gram. p. 142. Elliott
^A. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 11^
Sk, I. p. 163. Humb. et Bon pi, nov. gm, et spec. I. p. 127. (fide R, ^ S.) P. hypnoides Lam. III.. 1. p. 185. Megastachva reptan-t et hypnoides P. de B ea uv. R o e m, .^ SchulU II. p. 589.
Root fibrous, annual ? Culm about a span long, rooting at the joints. Leaves subulate, flat, minutely puliescent on the upper surface. Sheaths open, striate, a little hairy on the margin and at the throat. Panicle an inch or uvo long ; branches nearly simple, short, each terminated by several compressed, pedi- cellate spikelets. Glumes unequal, very acute, carinate, with- out nerves. Corolla very unequal ; the inferior valve with three distinct, green nerves, smooth ; superior valve much shorter than the other, acute, bifid at the apex. Seed ovate, brown.
Hab. In shady swamps on the banks of rivers; rare near New- York. On the banks of the Connecticut, near Dcerfield. Mas- sachusetts. Coo ley. Near Hudson, New-York. Abbott, July — August. A very delicate and elegant grass.
/S. ccBspitosa*: culm very short, cespitose ; spikelets much crowded, oblong.
H.\B. On the banks of the Passaic river, New-Jersey.
I have followed Pursh and Humboldt and Bori' ill and in considering Michau x^s plant the same as the P. hyfinoides of Lamar k^ which does not appear to differ essentially ; the P. refitans^ according to Mr. £1 lio t f, some- times bearing as many as 40 florets in a spikelet.
21. P. Eragrostis L. : panicle equal, spreading, the lower branches hairy in the axils ; spikelets linear-lanceolate, 9 — 15-flowered ; florets obtuse; root fibrous. fVilld. Spec, I. p. 392. Schrad. Fl. Germ. I. p. 287. Pursh Fl. I. p. 80. Elliott Sk. I. p. 161. Eragrostis poceoides P, dtBeauv. R o e m. <V Schult. II. p. 574. Briz a Era- grostis Muhl. Gram, p. 154. B, caroliniana Walt, Car, p. 79. Poa ohtusa Kuit, Gen., f. p. 67.
Root annual. Culm geniculate and branching near the base, a foot or 18 inches long. Leaves 6 — 12 inches I'jng, flat and smooth, rarely hairy. Sheaths a little open. Stifiule bearded. Panicle pyramidal ; branches simple or in pairs, flttxuous, short. Sfiikelets of a leaden colour, varying from ovate-lance- olate to linear, sometimes bearing as many as 20 florets. Glumes acute, one of them broader, 3 nerved, often hairy, and, as well as the corolla, with several small warts on the keel. Corolla unequal ; superior valve often rather acute, 3-nerved, smooth j the superior one persistent, much smaller than the other, hol- lowed on the back, ciliate on the margin. Stamens 3. Styles short; stigmas simply plumose. Seed short-ovate, brown.
Hab. In sandy fields, on road-sides. Sec. July—- August. Com- mon around New-York.
116 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. kceleria.
28. K(ELERIA.t Per so on.
Cnlyx 2 — 4-flowered, shorter than the florets. Infe- rior valve of the corolla mucronate, or with a short bristle a linle below the tip. P e r s. Sijn. I. p. 97. Kiitt. Gen. I. p. 74. Roem. ^ Scliult. Gen. 320. P. de Beaiiv. t. XVII. f. 4. Air a Tr i n. Airrost. 91. AiR/E spp.L. &:c. Graphephorum P.dtB. Panicle spiked,
1. K. pennsyhiinica De Cand.: leaves flal, and with the sheaths softi) pube-^ceut ; panicle oblong, slender, ratlier loose; calyx 2-llowered ; glurnes nearly equal; (he inferior one oblong, obtuse, asid siigiitl) rmfcronate ; superior valve of the corolls scabrous. De Cand. Cat, H, Monsp. (1813.) p,ll7. R o e m. 4^ S c h u 1 1, W. p.2&\. Ai ha mollis M ti k L Gram. p. 8c5. A. pumsylvanica Spren^.
Root perennial. Culm erect, about 2 feet high, simple ; nodes black and contracted. Leaves an inch and a half long, very narrow. Sli/iule short, retuse. /'a7«c/c about 3 inches long ; ^flowers shilling. Superior glume of the cahjx 3-nerved, in- ferior glume much narrower, acute. Vaives of the lower jftoret nearly equal; the inferior valve smooth, lanceolate; the superior membranaceous, niuch narrowed at the base, lacerate and obtuse at the tip. Superior Jioret pedicellate ; inferior valve very scabrous ; snperior valve shorter, with an abortive pe- dicel at the base, which is a continuation of the rachis. Stamens 3 ; anilicrs purple. Stigmas plumose, purple.
Hab. In woods; particularly in rocky situations. May — June. A. nitida S/ireng. Mant. I. p. 32. seems to be only a va^- rieiy of this species.
2. K. trujicaia*: leaves flat, smooth ; panicle oblong, jracemose ; calyx 2-flowered, with a third abortive floret^ unequal ; inferior glume a little scabrous, obtuse ; corolla glabrous. A. truncala Muhl. Gram. p. 83. A. tnjlura Elliott Sk. I. p. 1 53. A . pallescrns K it aib. Roe m. <^ Schult. U. p. 685. A.melicoides Mich. Fl, 1. p. G2 ? HoLCUs striatus L, Sp.pl. 1486.
Root perennial. Culm 2 feet high, slender, Leaves 4—6 inches long, narrow and smooth. Stifiule oblong, membranaceous. Flo-ivers in a loose racemose /zanfc/c, 4 — 6 inclies long. Calija? very unequal ; the inferior glume linear and very acute ; the other oblong, 3-nerved, obliquely truncated, or a little acute at the tip, scabrous on the sides and keel. Florets lanceolate ;
f Omitted in the synopsis of the g-pnera. It slionld take the place a^ AiHA (No. 28.) which pliould be placed afte^: Avkna (No. 39.)
K<ELERiA. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNfA. 117
the superior one pedicellate, with a short footstalk at its hase, which often bears a third floret; valves in all smooth, a little unequal, the superior one somewhat conduplicate, attenuated absthe base, obtuse at the tip. Stamens 3 ; anthers yellow. Stigmas white. Seed oblong. Hab. In dry woods. June.
/5. major*: panicle large, a little spreading ; leaves broad- •IJnear, very long.
Culm 3 feet high. Leaves nearly a foot long, 3—4 lines broad. Panicle 8 — 10 inches long.
Hab. Near Deerfield, Massachusetts. Coo Ley. This variety has the habit of Cinna arundinacea in a young state.
I refer the Aira melicoides of Mi cli au x to our K. trun- rata with some doubt, as I have never found the florets in the latter hairy at the base. The A. truncata of Mu hie nb erg is generally considered as the A. oblusata of Mi c ha n x ; but a careful examination of the latter, specimens of which I re- ceived from Mr. Elliott, has convinced me that they are quite distinct. In the A. obtusata, which is probably confined to the southern States, the panicle is much more dense, and ihe superior valve of the calyx very much rounded.
2D. URALEPIS. A'uttall.
Calyx 2 — 3-flowered, much shorter than the florets, which are stipitate and distinct. CoroWi 2-valved ; valves very unequal, distinctly villose on the margins ; the inferior one tricuspidate ; the central cusp produced into a short brisde ; superior valve concave on the back and incurved. *Sf^f/ o;ibbous, coated. Nutt. Gen.W, p. 62. Aiit^ sp. Walt, Panicle simple, racemose,
\J. nristulata J\^utt.: lateral panicles concealed in tha sheaths of the leaves; terminal ones partly exsert ; calyx 3-flowcred ; bristle of the corolla as long as the lateral cusps. J^ utt. Gen. ]. p. 63. and U. Siipp,
Root annual. Cuhns numerous, cespitosc, procumbent at the base, about a foot high, with numerous bearded joints. Leaves subulate ; the upper ones shorter than the slieaths, pungent, hairy on the upper surface, fringed towards the base with a few long hairs. Sti/iule a bearded ring. Florjcra in racemes, or in a very simple panicle. S/iikelct!} terete, many times shorter than the calyx ; generally 3-flowercd, sometimes with a fourth, abortive floret. Ghanes lacerate :n the lip. Valves of the corolla clothed on the margin with a very conspiciious villus ; inferior valve truncate and 3-cleft, the intermediate segment mucronate, or terminated with a very short bristle : superior valve ovate, half the length of the inferior. Stamens 3 ,
ns TRIANDRTA. DIGYNIA. uralepis.
anthers purple. Seed oblong, brown, acuminate at each extre- mity. Nectaries 0 ? Hab. Aion» the sea-coast, in the sand-drifts; common in the harbour of New-Y irk, above high-water mark. In sandy fields of Now-York and New-Jersey. Near Philadelphia. J^u t tall. August. Wiiole plant covered with a viscid acid secretion, of a powerful and peculiar taste. The acid is probably the malic. This species is very nearly allied to the U. purpurea of Kuttall^ (AiRA fiurfiurea Walt. tX E II i o 1 1 ;) but the latter is distinguished by the bristle of the corolla being as long as the flowers,
30. TRICUSPIS. Beauvois,
Spikelets terete, tumid, many - flovvered. Cali^x 2-valved, carinate, shorter than the florets. Inferior valve of the corolla tricuspidate by the projecting carina and margins; base and sides villose ; superior valve emarginate. Nectaries obtuse, entire. P. de B ea u v. t. XV. f. 10. Tridens Roem. ^ Schult. Gen. 306. WiNDSORiA Nutt. Gen. I. p. 70. Po^ spp. Mich,, Ell.i Trin., &c. Panicle compound,
T. seskrioides*: panicle expanding and flexuous ; spike- lets all pedunculate, about 6-flowered, lanceolate ; inferior valve of the corolla ovate, 5-toothed. Poa seslerioides M i c he FL I. p. 68. J\I ti h I, Gram, p, 1 49. P. quinqxiejida P u rs k F/. 1. p. 81. Elliott Sk,\. p. 164. VVjndsoria ;)Offi/or- '3ms Nutt. Gen. I, p. 70. Tridens qmnqucjida Roem. ^ Schult. 11. p. 599. Triodia cuprta J ac q. Eclpg. gram, fasc, II. p. 21. t. 16. (fide R. (^ S, et Spreng.) Poa Jlava L, Sp, pi. 1 00. fVi 1 1 d. Spec. 1. p. 390. R o e m. <^ S c hu 1 1. II. p. 551. P. /axa Lam. ///. I. p. 183. P. subverticiltata P ers. Syn. L p. 92.
Root perennial. Culm 4 — 5 feet high, a little compressed below, erect, very smooth. Leaves a foot or 18 inches long, smooth, flat, nervose ; the lowest ones somewhat distichous. Sheaths shorter than the joints, very smooth, except at the throat, which is bearded. Stipule wanting. Panicle very large, at first erect, but, when old, spreading and pendulous; branches alternate or geminate, very long, a little hairy in the axils; the lower parts naked. Spikelets alternate, on short branches, 4 — 6-flovvered, of a dark purple colour. Glumes unequal, scarious, ovate, acuminate, mucronate, or almost awned by the projecting mid- rib; lateral nerves wanting. Inferior valve of the corolla very villous on th;; margins and back, near the base, with 3 very dis- tinct green nerves, which are continued beyond the valve, form- ing cusps; tlie middle cusp longest; the intermediate parts between the points are elongated, making the valv« 5-toothed
xRicuspis. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 11 J
at the extremity j superior valve slightly ciliate on the margin. Stamens 3 ; anthers much exserted, purple. Seed oblong, compressed, a little gibbous, hollowed on one side, with a lateral oval scar near the base. Hab. In sandy fields ; common in New-Jersey, &c. In moun- tain meadows of Pennsylvania, where it yields most excellent crops twice a-year. Pursh. August. Red-tofi.
The genus Tricuspis resembles the Triodia of i?. Brown in many respects, but the latter differs in having a simple con- tracted panicle, the calyx as long as the florets, which are naked at the base, and the corolla without intermediate teeth between the cusps.
31. FESTUCA. L.
Spikelets often more or less terete, at length com- pressed, many-flowered. Calyx unequal, carinate, shorter than the florets. CorolLi somewhat terete; superior valve acute, mucronate, or with a short bristle at the tip; su- perior valve bidentate. Seed adnate. Gen. pi. 119. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 72. Tr i n. Agrost. 92. F e s t u c a , Schenodorus et Diplachne P. de Beativ. et Roem, £s? S chit It. Panicle generally compound.
Fescue-grass.
1. F. Mynrus L.? panicle slender, crowded, equal; spikelets about 4-flowered ; floret? subulate, awned, hairy, monandrous Willd. Spec. F. p. 422 ? M i c h. Fl. I. p. &Q, Pursh FL \. p. 83. Muhl. Gram. p. 1 60. Elliott Sk. I. p. 169. F. quadrijlora Walt, Car. p. 81.
Root annual, (biennial Mu h I.) Culm 6 — 12 inches long, erect, geniculate near the root, smooth. Leaves 2 — 3 inches long, subulate, concave, not carinate, scabrous above. Siifiule (bifid or retuse M u h I.) Spikelets 4 — 7-flovvered, nearly sessile. Glumes equal, very small, linear-lanceolate. Inferior valve of the corolla concave, hairy, particularly towards the summit, terminating in an aivn (bristle) twice as long as the valve ; su- perior valve meml)ranaceous, lanceolate. Styles very short ; stigmas plumose, white. Seed oblong, acute. Elliott.
Hab. In sandy soils of New-Jersey ; growing with Air.v fira-' cox. Barton. June.
I have not examined a North-American specinnen of this plant. Pursh and Michauoc suspect it to be a distinct species from the European ¥. Myurus. Humboldt and Bon fl land observe that the flowers are monandrous in South- America, and they are so in my European specimens. The characters in which our plant differs, are the hairiness of the corolla and the panicle not being secund.
ViO TiilANDlUA. DIGYNIA. festuca.
'2. l'\ tenella IV i lid. : panicle spiked, very simple, se- cuiid ; spikelets mostly 9-/lowered ; bristles shorter than the subulate florets; culm filiform, angular above; leaves setace- ous. IV Hid. Spec. I. p. 419, Hort. Enuni. h. BtroL L p. 113. Pursh Fl. I. p. S3. Elliott Sk. I. p. 168. Muhl. Gram. p. 159. V . bromoidas Mich. Fl. I. p. 6G. F. octoflura Walt. Car. p. 81. Schenodorus tentllus R 0 e m. ^ Schult. II. p. 707.
Root annual, consisting of woolly fibres. Cubns numerous, from a span to a foot or more in height, erect, very slender, pubes- cent and somewhat quadrangular above. Leaves an inch long, erect, involute. Sheaths slightly pubescent. Sti/iutc short, truncate, often toothed. Panicle about 2 inches long, racemose or spiked ; branches simple ; the lower ones geminate, some- times a little expanding. Calyx- deciduous; glumes acute. Inferior valve of the corolla very narrow, without nerves, rounded on the back, (not carinate ;) sides margined, involute towards the extremity, and produced into a bristle two-thirds the length of the valve ; superior valve very acute, shorter than the other, strongly margined, puncticulate. Seed linear, with a deep groove on one side the whole length. Had. In dry sandy soils, and on stony hills ; common. June. I have observed a Festuca growing in abundance on the sea-coast of Long-Kland, which may be a variety of the last. It is, however, much taller, the panicle somewhat spreading, the leaves narrow, but flat, and the stipule nearly obsolete. I have also found the same plant on the side of a sand-hill near Flushing, Long-Island, and Dr. Bigelorj has sent me speci- mens collected near Boston, Massachusetts,
3. F. duriuscula L.: panicle secund, oblong, contracted; iplkelets 5 — 6-flowcred, nearly terete; tlorets terminated by >hort bristles; root fibrous. Schrnd. FL Germ. I. p. 228. W i 1 1 d. Spec. I. p. 421. Sm i t h Fl. Brit. I. p. 1 15. En^. Bot. t. 470. P a rsh Fl. I. p. 82. M uhl. Gram. p. 163. Elliott Sk. I. p. 171.
Root perennial. Culm a foot or 18 inches high. Leaves nar- row, very acute, somewhat scabrous. Scifiule membranaceous, lacerate. Pa?iicle 3 — 4 inches long; branches geminate. In- ferior glume of the calyx lanceolate, acute; the other broader, 3-nervcd. Corolla unequal; inferior valve produced into a short straight bristle, smooth, or a little pubescent, 3-nerved ; superior valve shorter, acuminate, bifid. Stamens 3 ; anthers yellow.
Hap.. In fields and pastures ; rare. June, Introduced from Europe.
4. F. rubra L.? panicle secund, erect, spreading; spike- lets somewhat terete; florets longer than the bristle at their tips ; leaves pubeseent above ; root creeping. JV i 1 1 d. Spec ,
FESTVCA. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 121
I. p. 420. Mukl.Gram. Tp, 1Q3. R o em. <^ S chit 1 1. U.
p. 724. Hooi perennial. Culm a foot and a half high, erect, pubescent? geniculate, red on the lower part. Leaves very lons^;, linear and setaceous, nerved, smooth and glaucous. Scifiule very short. Panicle contracted, erect, or somewhat nodding ; the lower branches in pairs; the upper ones solitary. Spikdet* lanceolate, terete, pedicellate, 4 — 6-flowered. Calyx unequal ; glumes lanceolate, smooth ; one of them 3-nerved. Valves of the coroUq lanceolate ; the inferior one terminated by a long, scabrous, straight bristle. Stamens 3. Mu h L Hab.- Jn dry soils. .Pennsylvania. June, Muhlenberg^ Glumes red after flowering.
Of this species I have never seen a North-American speci- men. The description of Muhlenberg applies better to F. glauca than to F. rubral of which, according to H o o k e r^ it is only a variety. F. obtusa Sfireng. Munt. I. p. 34, (ScHENODORUs obtusus R 0 6 m. (ff. S c hu It. II. p. 710.) appears to be the plant oi Muhlenberg described above.
6. F.elatior L.: panicle spreading, much branched, loose; spikelets ovate-lanceolate, 4— 5-flowered-, florets slightly arm- ed ; leaves flat; root creeping. SchradL Fl. Germ. I. p. 333. Willd. Upec. I. p. 425 .-^ Smith Fl. Brit. ]. p.l24. Eng.Bot.t.]5d3. B ig. Host. p. 25. PurshFL I.p.83. jl/w A/. Gram. p. 164. bcHENODORUS e/arior ^o em. ir Schull. II. p. 699.
Root perennial. Culm 3 — 4 feet high, terete, smooth. Leaves a foot or more long, deeply striate, carinate. Sheaths loose. Sti/iule almost wanting. Panicle 6 — 8 inches long, nodding when old ; branches in pairs, scabrous. Calyx unequal; in- ferior glume linear-lanceolate, carinate ; superior glume lan- ceolate^ very scarious on the margin, obscurely 3-nerved. In- ferior valve of the corolla very acute or mucronate, obscurely 5-nerved ; superior valve acute, scabrous on the margin Sta- mens 3 ; anthers large, yellow. Styles very short ; stigmas simply plumose, white. Mcturies ovate, white. Seed obovate. IJab. In wet meadows ; common, June.
6. F. pratensis Huds.: panicle spreading, branched; spikelets linear, many-flowered, acute ; leaves linear ; root fibrous. Schrad. Fl. Germ. I. p. 332. Sm i I h Fl. Brit. I. p. 123. Eng. Bot. t. 1592. Scbenodokvs pratensis P. de Beauv. Roem. ^ Schult. 11. p.'G98.
Root perennial. Culm 1 — 2 feet high, erect, terete, smooth. Leaves and sheaths very smooth. Sti/iule obsolete. Panicle 2 — 6 inches long, subsecund ; branches short, nearly simple ; sfiikelets 7 — 8-flowered, terete. Calyx very unequal ; the su- perior glume much larger, scarious on the margin, obscurely nerved. Inferior valve of the corolla more or less acute, (never 16
12J TRIANDRTA. DIGYNIA. pestoca.
mucronate,) scarious on the margin, obscurely 5-nerved ; su- perior valve as long as the inferinr, siiglniy bifid at the apex scabrous on the margin. Stamens 3 ; anthers yellow. Stigmas white. Hab. In meadows and fields. June — July. Introduced.
Tliis species has been confounded with the preceding by many b tanists; and they do not, indted, appear to differ much. The F. elacior may be distinguished by its more divided panicle and its acute mucronate florets.
7. Ff nutans Willd.i panicle diflHise, at length nod- dins:; branches long, geminate, naked below ; spikelets ovate, 3 _5. flowered ; florets somewhat obtuse, unarmed, nerveless, Wiild. klnuin. k. Berol, I. p. 116, S p r e n s;, Mant F. p. 34. Pursh Fl. 1. p. 84, M u h l. Gram. p. 165. E l- liott Sk. \. p. 172. Roern. ^ He hull. II. p. 275.
Root perennial, fibrous. Culm about 3 feet high, erect, simple, terete ; nodes olack. Leaves a fool long, dark green, about 2 lines broad; strongly nerved, somewhat scabrous. Stifiule very short, obtuse. Panicle few -flowered, loose. Sfiikelets situated principally towards the extremity of the angular and very scabrous branches, generally aboqt 3-fluwered, though frequently bearing as many as 5 florets. Glumes lanceolate, acuminate, iiot scarious, scabrous on the keel; superior glurn» 3-nervtd. Corolla coriaceous ; inferior valve ovate-lanceolate, rather obtuse, or abruptly acuminate, naked, very obscurely 5-nerved, margin not scarious ; superior valve lanceolate, as lo'ig as the inferior, strongly margined, bifid at the tip. Sta- mens 3 ; anthers narrow, yellow.
Hab. In woods, and in rocky secluded situations; common on tne hills near Hoboken, Sec. June.
This species is nearly allied to Poa, but wants the scarious margin to the corolla.
8. F.fascicularis Lam,: culm procumbent, geniculate ; panicle subi^ecuiid ; branchesj straight, spike-like ; spikelets a^>presstd. 8 — lO-flowered ; florets armed ; leaves very long. F. polystachya Mich. Fl. 1. p. 66. W ill d. Ermm. ho Berol. 1. I.. 117. Pursh Fl. J. p. 83„ Elliott Sk. I. p. i09. F. procumbens Muhl. Gram. p. 160. Diplachne fascicular'ts P.de. B tauv. K o e m. (^ S c A w / /. 1 1, p. 6 1 5. Bromus pnte/orm/s Spreng^ Mant. I. p. 34. R. (^ S. II. p. 653, Fest. multijlora Wall. Car. p. 81.
Root annual, consisting of fascicles of simple fibres. Culm about a foot long, much branched from the base, with short joints. Leaves much longer than the culm, narrow, subulate towards the extremity, prominently 5-nerved, somewhat scabrous. Sheaths long and loose, compressed, smooth. Stifiule a fifiely laciniated membrane. Panicle erect ; branches expanding, composed of many simple spiked racemes. S/iikelets secund, on short pedunclesj terete when moistened. Glumes linear-
FESTuci. TRIANDRTA, DTGYNIA, 123
lanceolate, acuminate, 1 -nerved, scabrous on the keel ; the su- perior one three times as long as the other. Inferior valve of the corolla lanceolate, acuminate, villous on the lower part of the margin, carinate, termiuated by a scabrous bristle as long as the floret; superior valve much shorter, very acute, ciliate on the margin near the base. Stamens 2 ? anthers minute. Styles very short ; stigmas plumose, purple. Seed oval, com- pressed, not sulcate, 2-horned. Sectaries oblong, entire. Hab. In brackish meadows, and in sandy soils near the salt- water. Hackinsack meadows, New- Jersey, At Kingsbridge, on the Island of New-York, and along the sea-coast of Long- Island. August.
The F. fiolystachya o{ Michaux is described as being erect, but in every other respect it resembles our plant. I have restored the name of La mark on account of its priority. This species is nearly allied to F.fusca, a native of Palestinp, and with that plant constitutes the genus DiplachneI of £ e auv.
9. F. clandestina Muhl.: panicle partly conrealed in the sheaths; branches solitary, simple; spikeiets 10-flowered, florets awned. Muhl. Gram. p. 162.
Culm abowt a span high, smooth. Leaves linear, nerved. Sheath»
long. Stifiule acuminate. Spi/celets sessile and pedunculate.'.
Calyx lanceolate, acuminate, smooth. Valves of the corolla
' unequal ; the inferior terminated by a short bristle ; the superior
smaller, bind. Muhl.
Hab. In New-York. Muhlenberg: Resembles F. rfMnw*-
cula. -f
The specimen of this plant in Muhlenber g*a Herbari- um is very imperfect, and appears to be a species of Bromus.
32. CERATOCHLOA. Be auv.
Spikeiets lanceolate, subancipital, many -flowered. Calyx shorter than the imbricated florets. Inferior valve of the corolla compressed, mucronate below the tip; superior valve somewhat conduplicate. Style 2 — 3-parted. P. de Beauv. 1. c. p. 75. t. XV. f. 7. Roem. b" Schult. Gen. 303. Trin. Agrost. 93. Festuc^ sp. JFilldy &c. Panicle simple.
C, unioloides P. de B. : panicle noddino;, spreading ; spikeiets oblong-lanceolate, compressed, 6 — 8-flo\vered ; flo-
t DiPtACHNE. Cal. 7 — 9 florus, valvule superior apice mucronata. Cor, valvula interior bilacimata, inter lacinias setigera, superior subtruncata, emarginata. JMectaria obtiis t. Stigmata plumosa subaspergilliformia. Se- men baud sulcatum. Panicu/a simplex ramosissima, ramis aiternis filifur- mibus. P. de Jieauv. p. aO. t. XVI. f. 9.
124 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNTA. clratochlgi,
rets acuminate, unarmed ; sheaths bearded at the throat, the lower ones hairy; root fibrous. R o e m. <^ Schult. II, p. 596. Festuca unioloides Willd. Enum, h. Berol. L p. 115. Hort. Berol. I. p. 3. t. 3. Pursh Fl. I. p. 84» (No. 4, specitic name omitted) Muhl. Gram, p. 161. El- liott Sk. I. p. 171.
Root annual or perennial. Culm a foot and a half high. Leaves
linear-lanceolate, pubescent, nerved, Stifiule ovate. Panicle
small ; branches in pairs. Sfiikelets oblong-lanceolale ; pedicels
han-y Glumes nearly equal, lanceolate, acuminate, striate.
Corolla unequal, lanceolate, acuminate, margined. Stamens 3.
Mti/il. Hab. In rich bottom lands. Pennsylvania to Carolina. July—
August. Pursh. %
I tiave never seen a specimen of this plant: by the figure in
the Hort. Berol. it resembles a Bromus in habit very much.
Allied to Festuca stricta P o i r., of the Island of Bourbon,
33. DIARRHENA. Rafinesgue,
Calyx 2-valved, very unequal, 2 — 5-fiowered, rigid ; glumes acuminate, mucronate. Coro//a cartilaginous ; inferior valve entire, broader, cuspidate; superior valve much shorter, en\arginate. Seed coated, as long as the superior valve of the corolla. jYectaries ovate, ciliate, P. de Beauv. t. XXV. f. 2. Roem, h' Schult. Gen. 117. Tr'in. A^rost. 5. Diarina JRaJl in lit. FESTUCiE sp. Alich. Panicle very simple.
D. americana P. de B. R o e m. <^ S c hu 1 1, \. ip. 289. D.festucoides R af. in Med, Rep. II. p. 352. (sine descript.) Festuca dian.ira M i c h, Fl. I. p. 67. t. 1 0. Will d. Enum, h. Berol. ].ip.\\Q. JVm//. Gen. I. p. 72. Pursh Fl. I. ^. 83. Root perennial. Culm erect, almost naked, slender, slightly compressed, scabrous on the upper part. Leaves few, nearly radical, broad, flat, and, as well as the s/ieaths, a little pubescent.. panicle racemose ; branches few-flowered, appressed. Sfiike- lets (in my specimens) about 2-flowered ; florets, diverging. Inferior glume lanceolate, carinate, ciliate on the margin, not half the length of the superior glume, which is broader and 5-nerved. Corolla smooth ; inferior valve 3-nerved, prolonged at the tip into a very sharp point ; superior valve impressed on the back and hicarinate ; keels scabrous and green ; margin a little ciliate. Seed oblong-cylindrical, obtuse, not sulcate. JVec- taries very conspicuous, obtuse and ciliate. Statnens 2 — 3. Hab. Oil the banks of the Ohio ; nearly within the limits of this work. R afi n e s q ue.
Tiiis remarkable grass, which was referred to Festuca by Michaux^ with a mark of doubt, was first proposed as a
IMARRHENA. TRIANDRTA. DIGYNIA- nB-
distinct genus by i? a/i n e sgue^ though he never, as far as 1 can learn, defined its characters. It strongly resembles some species of Uniola, particularly U. gracilis^ which species ap- pears to connect it with Ceratochloa.
34. DACTYLIS. L,
Spikelets aggregated into a unilateral head, many- flowered. Calyx shorter than the florets ; one of the glumes larger, carinate and pointed. Inferior valve of the corolh carinate, emarginate, nnucronate ; superior valve somewhat conduplicate. *S^. pi. 117. Nutt* Gen. I. p. 73. Ju s s. p. 31. P. cle Beauv. t. XVII. f. 5. JRoem.y Schult. Gen. 321. Trin.Agrost. 94. Orchard-grass.
D. glomerata L. : panicle secund, glomerate ; leaves ca- rinate. WiLld. Spec. 1. p. 408. S m i t h Fl. Brit. I. p. 1 U. Eng. Bot. t. 335. P ur sh Fl. I. p. 84. Muhl. Gram. I. p. 36. Elliott Sk. 1. p. 155.
Root perennial. Culm 2 — 3 feet high. Leaves broadly-linear, and, as well as the sheaths, rather scabrous. Stipule elongated, lacerate. Panicle contracted both before and after flowering. Sfiikelets in thick ovate clusters on the extremity of each branch. Glumes very unequal; the inferior one narrower; the other lanceolate, strongly ciliate on the keel. Inferior valve of the cor'Ala carinate, ciliate on the keel and margin, scabrous on the sides ; apex produced into a short cusp ; su- perior valve with ciliate margins. Anthers very large, yellow. Hab. Common in fields, meadows, &c. May — June. Natu- ralized : a native of Europe.
35. DANTHONIA. De Cand.
Calyx 2 — 5-flowered, longer than the florets ; glumes cuspidate. Corolla bearded at the base ; inferior valve 2- toothed, with a twisted awn between the teeth j su- perior valve obtuse, entire. P. de Beaiiv. 1. c. p. 92. t. XVIII. f. 7. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 71. Roe?n. £>' Schult. Gen. 332. Trin. Agrost. 97. Avenge spp. L.J Mich., &c. Panicle spiked.
D. spicata P. de B. : panicle simple, appressed ; spike- lets 7 — 9, about 7-tlowered ; inferior valve of the corolla hairy ; leaves subulate ; lower sheaths hairy at the throat, Roem. ^ Schult. U. p. e90. J^ ut t. Ge7i. ]. c. Avena spicala L. Sp, pi. l\d. Willd. Spec. I. p. 453. P ur s h FL I. p. 86. MuhL Gram, p. 184.
126 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. danthonu.
Root perennial. Culm somewhat cespitose at the base, a foot and a half or 2 feet higli, slender, erect. Lower leaves numerous, flat or involute, 6 — S inches iontj, hairy on the upper surface ; tliose on the culm much shorter, erect. Sheaths very short. Stifiule almost wanting, ciliate. Panicle about 2 inches long, spiked ; lower branches a little divided. Sfiikelets at first te- rete, but at length spreading. Calyx a third longer than the florets; glumes nearly equal, lanceolate, very smooth, with 5 confluent nerves ; point much attenuated. Inferior valve of the corolla obscurely 7-nerved, clothed with long hairs ; mar- gins produced into 2 subulate teeth; awn about twice the length of the valve, flat, carinate, twisted on the lower part ; superior valve closely appressed, ciliate. Stamens 3 ; anthers yellow. Sti<^mas white. JVectaries oval, obtuse. Seed oblong, compressed, a little corrugate ; apex slightly 2-horned.
Hab. In dry open woods and in sandy fields. June — July.
The AvENA glumosa of Mi c hau x and Mu hlenber g (D. sericea jYu 1 1.) appears to be only a variety of ^his species. It is chiefly distinguished by its shining, very villous coi-olla, and the long setaceous points of the superior'valve. The genus Danthonia is nearly allied to Trisetum, but differs much in habit.
36. TRISETUM, Per so on.
Calyx 3 — 5-flowered, membranaceous, as long as the florets. Inferior valve of the corolla with 2 bristle- form teeth at the tip, awned below the division of the , teeth. Pers. Syn. I. p. 97. Bo em. is" Schult. Gm. 327. P. de Beauv. t. XVIII. f. 1. Aven^ spp. jL., Trin., he. Panicle compound.
1. T. palustre'^: panicle contracted, nodding, somewhat verlicillate ; calyx 2 — 3-flowered ; florets smooth, acuminate j the inferior one awnless; inferior valve of the superior floret bicuspidate, awned below the tip. Avena palmtris M ic h. Fl.\.ip.T2. Pursh Fl.].^.Q6. M uh I. Gram. p. IB6. Roem. ir Schult, II. p. 683. Aik\ pallens M uhl. \. c» p. 84. Spreng. Mant. I. Tp. 33. E I li o 1 1 Sk. l.p. 15]. Roem. ir Schult. II. p. 673.
Root perennial. Culm 1 — 2 feet high, erect ; nodes contracted. Leaves flat, 2 — 3 inches long, and, with the sheaths, smooth. Stifiule short, retuse. Panicle with the lower branches in fives. Sfiikelets all on long peduncles, much compressed, generally 2-flowered, with an abortive pedicel. Calyx unequal, acumi- nate and mucronate ; glumes 3-nerved, scabrous on the keel ; the superior one a little longer. Sufierior Jloret on a shoit hairy pedicel ; inferior valve lanceolate, acuminate, terminated by 2 short bristles, a little below which is inserted a twisted .To/Ti the length of the valve ; superior valve half the length o^
^
^MSETUM. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 127
f the inferio/, membranaceous, lacerate at the tip. Stamens 3. Scigmas white, plumose. JVectarles lanceolate. Hab. In wet meadows. June — July.
This grass is, perhaps, not properly a Trisetum, but it cer- tainly is nearer that genus than to Aira. hi tr,e awn it resem- bles AvENA ; but the corolla having 2 distinct, though short, bristles at me extremity, I have referred it to the genus Tri- SETUM oi Pet soon.
2. T. purpurascens*: panicle very simple, somewhat ra- cemose, few-flowered ; calyx 3-flowered ; glumes very un- equal, entire ; culm and leaves smooth ; stipule very short, truncate.
Rooi perennial. Culm about 2 feet high, leafy. Leaves narrow- linear, 4 — 6 inches long, carinate. S.'ieaths smooth. Panicle 4 — 6 inches long, almost* a simple raceme of pedunculate spikelets; lower branches elongated. S/iikelels lanceolate, terete. Calyx of a reddish-purple colour, smooth ; glumes lanceolate ; the inferior one indistinctly 3-nerved ; the other 5-nerved, sometimes lacerate at the tip when old. Inferior valve' of the corolla scabrous, 7-nerved, attenuated and 2-cleft at the extremity ; a%vH bent obliquely ; superior valve slightly cleft, scabrous on the margin. Hab. In mountain-meadows. Williamstown, Massachusetts. Dewey. Near Boston. JBig-eioii?, On the Cattskill moun- tains. jE « r 0 72. Near Montreal, Canada. Pain e.
37. BROMUS, L,
Spikelets oblong, distichous, many-flowered. Calyx shorter than the florets. Inferior valve of the corolla bifid, with a bristle between the teeth, a little below the tip ; superior valve subconduplicate, ciliate. Gen, pi. 120. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 73. Juss. p. 32. Roem. y> Schult. Gen. 325. P, de Beauv. t. XVII. f. 9. Trin, Agrost. 103. Panicle compound, gene- rally loose. Brome-grass.
1. B. secalinus L. ; panicle spreading, a little branched ; spikelets oblong-ovate, compressed; florets about 10, distinct, rather remote, longer than the flcxuous bristles ; leaves some- what hairy. iVilld. Spec. I. p. 428. Smith Fl. Brit. I. p. 125. Eng. Bol.UWll, B i'g. Bost. p. 26. PurshFl. I. p. 85. Elliott Sk. X.^.U'i. M u h l. Gram. ■p. \68. Roem. ^ Schult. II. p. 633.
Root annual. Culm 2 — 3 feet high, erect, terete ; nodes swelled
and pubescent. Leaves broad-linear, dark green, hairy above.
Sheaths smooth. Stipule oblong and retuse. Panicle ovate,
about 4 inches long ; branches fasciculate, nearly simple, sea-
128 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. brombs.
brous and pubescent. Sfiikelets at length a little nodding, thick ; when old, broad and flat by the expanding of the florets. Calyx unequal ; glumes ovaie-lanceolate, acuniinate, mucro- nate; the interior 5 -nerved ; the superior 7-nerved. Interior valve of the corolla ovate, 7-nerved, a little hairy towards the summit; bristle generally a little stiorter than the floret; su- perior valve narrow, very distinctly ciliate on the margin. Sia= mens 3 ; anthers yellow. Styles short ; stigmas plumose. Seed oblong, nearly as long as the corolla. Hab. in cultivated grounds, particularly among grain ; com" mon. June. A very noxious grass to farmers. Called Chess or Cheat. Doubtless introduced from Europe.
2. B. mollis L. : panicle erect, contracted ; spikelets •blong- ovate, somewhat compressed, pubescent ; bristle straight, as long as the corolla ; leaves very softly pubescent. Schrad. Fl. Germ, I. p. 151. Willd. Spec. J. p. 429. Smith Fl. BriU I. p. 1 27. Eng, Bot. t. 1 078. Pursh Fh
I. p. 85. Muhl. Cat. p. 12, Roem, <^Schult, II. p. 636.
Boot biennial, (annual Mu h I.) Culm about 2 feet high, erectj mostly pubescent. Leaves pale green, and as well as the sheaths covered with a soft down or pubescence. Stifiule very short, obtuse. Panicle 3 — 4 inches long. Spikelets 5 — 10- flowered. Glumes rather acute. Inferior valve of the corolla oblong-lanceolate, with 7 scabrous nerves ; anvn rather straight.
Hab. In fields and pastures near New-York. In Pennsylvania and New-York. Muhlenberg. .lune. Naturalized, This species is omitted m M u h I e n b e r g 's Descrifit. Uber. Gram, although it is enumerated in his Catalogue.
3. "Q. purgans L. : panicle nodding; spikelets lanceo- late, terete ; florets hairy ; bristle straight ; leaves smooth , sheaths hairy. Sp. pi. 113. Willd. Enum. h. Berol. I. p. 120. Spec. 1. p. 431. Pursh Fl. 1. p. 85. Muhl. Gram. p. no. E Uiot t Sk. I. i^. 173. Roem. (^' Schul t.
II. p. 642.
Jioot perennial, fibrous. Culm about 4 feet high> terete, smooth. Leaves broad-linear, smooth and glaucous. Sheaths retrorsely hairy. Stipule pilose. Panicle with the branches scabrous and flexuous. Spikelets 6— S-flowered. Glumes unequal, lancer olate, hairy ; the inferior very acute ; the other terminated by a short point or cusp. Inferior valve of the corolla 3-nerved, villose.
Hab. In wet meadows, along rivers. See. ; rare. August.
Allied to B. catharticus, a native of Lima, but has narrower spikes.
4. h. ciliatus L. : panicle nodding; spikelets oblong, terete, 8 — 10-flowered; glumes acute, (not mucronate,) cili- ate; corolla hairy, margiij villosely-ciliate ; bristles short.
5B0MUS TRIANDRiA. DIGYNIA. 199
Sp^ pi.) 13. Will d. Spec. I. p. 433 Pursh Fl. L p. 85. Elliott Sk. I. p. 173. Muhl. Gram. p. 169. B. ca- nadensis Mich. FL I. p. Go? Roem. ^ Schult. 11, p. 638.
Root perennial. Culm 3 feet high, pnhesrent at the joints, the rest smooth. Leaves lanceolate, pale green, (not glaucous,) hairy on both sides, nervose and carinate ; the upper ones scarcely pubescent *, margins scabrous and ciliate. Stifiule ob- tuse, not hairy, short. Sheaths pubescent backwards, hairy at the throat. Panicle nodding, with 2 bracts at the base ; branches aggregated 2 — 4 together, pubescent and scabrous. Sfiikeiets obiong, terete, acuminate, 5— 13-flowered. Glumes 3-nerved, ciliate, unarmed. Valves of the corolla lanceolate, hairy on every part, ciliate on the margin ; bristle short and straight. Muhl.
Hab. On the banks of rivers in Pennsylvania. June. Mu hi en- berg.
5. B. pubeiceris M u h I. : panicle at length nodding ; ipikelets lanceolate, terete ; florets pubescent ; leaves and \6we.v sheaths pubescent. Willd. Ermm.h. Berol. I. p. 120» Muhl. Gram. p. 169. Roem. ^ Schult. II. p. 642.
Root perennial. Culm erect, 4 feet high, hairy below; joints black. Leaves lanceolate, smooth beneath, pubescent above. Stifiule very short. Lower sheaths pubescent backwards; upper ones smooth. Branches of the panicle 2 — 5, scabrous. Calyx 8— !2-flowered, acute, sometimes with a short bristle at the tip, smooth or pubescent, 3-nerved. Corolla pubescent on every part; inferior valve 5-nerved. S^^-rf obiong. Muhl. Hab. , In woods. Pennsylvania. June. Mu hlenb er g.
The two last species of Bbomus appear to be in much con- fusloti. The B ciliatus lA Muh le nb er g differs from that of Linn te us in having the corolla hairy on every part. L i n^ n <e u s remarks that the back of the corolla is not hairy, and that this mark is very rharacteristic. But specimens of B. ciliatus sent to Sir J.' E. Smith by Mu h I e n b e r g, were pronounced identical with those in the Linnaan Herbarium. There are two species ol Bromus growing in this vicinity, and not uncommon throughout tlie northern States, one of which appears to be exactly h. ciliatus of Li una us; the other may be the B. canadensis o{ Michaux. A short descrip- tion of each is added.
1. B. ciliatus L ? Culm about 4 feet high. Leaves a^ foot long or more, 4 — 5 lines broad, liairy on the upper sur- face, smooth beneath. Particle nodding and expanding; branches in pairs. Sfii/celets oblong-lanreolate, compressed, 8 — 10-flowered; florets distinct, at length expandiitg. Glumes linear-lanceolate, mucronate, striooth ; the superior a thud longer than the inferior one, 3-ntrved. Inferior valve of the corolla linear-lanceolate, ciliate on the margin, smooth ort 17
m TUlAKDRfA. DIGYNIA. bromus.
the back ; bristle half the length of the floret ; superior valve shoiter, slightly ciliate on the margin, entire at the tip ? Hab. On rocky hills, in woods, See. Jane.
2. B. canadensis Mich.? Culm erect, 3 — 4 feet high. Leaves glaucous, long, about 3 lines broad, hairy on the upper surface. Panicle at length nodding, loose, capillary ; branches in pairs ; the lowest ones with a sheathing Ijract at the base. Sfiikelets oblong, closely imbricate even when old, 10— 12-flowered* Calyx hairy; glumes acute, (not mu- cronate.) Inferior valve of the corolla lanceolate, very hairy on every part, 7-nerved ; bristle not half the length of the floret ; superior valve hairy, distinctly ciliate on the margin.
Hab. In moist meadows, and in woods; rarer than the preceding. June — July.
The latter species agrees with Muhlenb er g^s de scription of B. cUiatus.
3a. ARRHENATHERUM. Beau v.
Calyx membranaceous, 2-flowerecl, rather shorter than the florets. Inferior floret antheriferous ; inferior valve 2-cleft, avvned below the middle. Superior floret perfect ; inferior valve cleft^ unarmed, or with a short awn a little below the tip. Roem.^Schult. Gen, 275. P. de Beaiiv. t. XL f. 5. Trin. Agrost. 115. AvEN^ spp. L, HoLci spp. Smithy &c. Panicle compound.
1, A. avf.nareum P. de B.: panicle equal, nodding; awn as long again as the flower; culm geniculate, smooth; root nodose. Roem, ^ Schutt. II. p. 496. Avena e/a- tior L. Willd. Spec. I. p. 443. Muhl. Gram. p. 185. Hoi.cus avenaceus Smith FL Brit. I. p. 90. Eng. Bot. t. 813. Hook. FLScot. I. p. 28.
Root perennial, creeping. Culm about 3 feet high. Panicle loose ; branches in pairs, or ternate. Sfiikelets brownish ; fiorets hairy at the base. Glumes unequal, acuminate, shorter than the florets, without nerves, pubescent on the keel. In- ferior valve of tlie lower floret with a very contorted aivn near the base. Sufierior Jloret sometimes with a short awn. Sta- mens 2,; anthers yellow. Stigmas w\\i\.Q.
Hab. In fields and cultivated grounds; rare. June. Introduced from Europe.
2. A. pemisylvanicum*: panicle attenuated ; awns twice as lot.g as the ilorets; seeds villous. Avena peyvisyfvanica L. Sp. pL 117. Willd, Spec. I. p. 445. Muhl. Gram. p, 185. Pursh FlA.]},8d, E Uio 1 1 Sk. U^. ni» Tr!
AJIRHENATHERUM. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 131
SETUM pennsylvanicum P, de B c auv. Roem, i^Sckult, II. p. 658.
Cw/m erect, smooth. XeaT;es linear-lanceolate. Branches of the fianicle short, alternate ; fiedicels scabrous. Calyx unequal, white, shorter than the florets. Florets bearded at the base, one of them awnless, the ether with a geniculate awn at the base of the inferior valve. Mu h I.
Hab. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. In fields and open woods. New-England to Carolina ; frequent. July. Pursh. What I formerly considered as the Avena /lennsylvanica of Linn a u s is my Trisetum fiurfiurascrns. This species I have never seen. By AI u /i ie n b erg's description it so strongly resembles tlie preceding, that I am unable to point out atiy very distinguishing characters. There can be no doubt that it belongs to the genus Arrhenatherum. though Be auv ois has referred it to TRisETum, where P era o on long since conjectured it to belong.f
39. AVENA. L.
Calyx membranaceous, many - flowered, generally longer than the florets. Corolla generally bearded at the base ; inferior valve bilaciniate, with a twisted awn on the back. Seed coated. Gen. pi. 122. A'utt, Gen, I. p. 74. Roe in. ^ Schult. Gen. 238. P. de Beauv. t. XVIII. f. 5, Trin, AgrosU 116. Panicle spreading or racemose. Oat-grass,
A. prcecox P. de B.: panicle in a dense raceme ; florets as long as the calyx ; awn exserted ; leaves setaceous, Roem, 4/- Schult, II. p. G67. Avena jsrarox L. W it I d. Spec, I. p. 380. Smith FL Brit. I. p. 87. Eng. Bot. t. 1296. Pursh Ft. I. p. 77. Muhl. Gram, p. 86.
Root annual. Culm 3 — 4 inches high, cespitose, erect. Leaves half an inch or more in length, scabrous. Sheaths many-angled, smooth. Sti/iule oblong, obtuse, clasping. Panicle obiung, about an inch long ; branches in pairs, appressed. Sfiikeleta ovate, 2-flowered, Calyx rather longer than the florets; glumes nearly equal, lanceolate, acute, smooth, except on the upper part of the keel. Inferior valve of the corolla lanceolate ; apex scabrous, attenuated and bifid; awn inserted into the
f I have another species of AnnaENATHEnuM sent to me from Kentucky by Prof. Rafinesqxie, which agrees pretty well with the description of Muhlenberg's Avena pennsylvanica, except that the branches of the panicle are not alternate, but fa.-.cicied, and the upper floret has the supe- rior valve furnished with a short awn a little below the tip. I call it A. ke7iucckensis. It may possibly be the A. americana of -P. de Beaxiv., of which species the author has given no description.
133 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. avena.
lower part of the back, as long again as the valve, geniculate about the middle; superior valve shorter, scabrous. Seed linear-oblong. t^, , , , , • j
Hab. In sandy fields. New-Jersey, near Philadelphia, and throughout the pine-barrens. June.
39 c. AIRA. L. Calyx 2— 3-flowered, longer than the florets. Infe^ rior valve of the corolla eroded or many-toothtd, awned on die b-ick below the middle. Aira et Deschamp^ siA P. de Beauv, t. XVIII. i. 4 et 5. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen. 3i9 et 330. Deschampsia Trin. Jgrost. 117. AiR^ spp. X., jYutt.y &c. Panicle compfMind, generally spreading. Hair-grass.
1. A. flfxuosa L. : panicle spreading, Irichotonnous ; branches flexuous; calyx a little shorter than the florets, and about the length of the awn; leaves setaceous; culnn nearly naked. Wiild. Sptc.l.p.Sld. Eng. Bot. t. ]5\% Pursli Ft. I. p. 377. M uhL Gram. p. 85. Elliott Sk. Up, 151. Roem. ^ Schult. U. p. 678.
Hoot perennial. Culm a foot and a half or two feet high. Leaves
6 10 inches long, siiuated principally about the root. Panicle
capillary, lax; loWcr branches somewhat verticillate ; the up- per ones in pairs, G/wmes membranaceous, white, oblong- lan( eolate, very acute, scabrous on the keel. Corolla hairy at the base, unequal ; inferior valve shorter, 2-nerved, awned from near the base, covered whh short appresscd hairs; awn Kearlv as long aguin as the valve, geniculate ; superior valve bifid at tie apf x. Slumens 3. Hab. On rocky hills and in mountainous situations throughout the northern States. June.
2. A. cespitosa L. : panicle dilTuse ; florets about the length of the cal):s ; awn short, straight ; leaves flat. W ill d. Spec. I. p. 378. Purs h Fl. 1. p. 77. M u h L Gram. p. 85. Desch \MrsiA ce.spilosa P. de B c auv. H o em. ^ S c kul i^ 11. p. 685.
Root perennial. Culm cespitose, a foot and a half high. Leaves very narrow, but flat, scabrous. Panicle capillary ; branches somewhat verticillate, scabrous. Calyx smooth, of a bluish colour, rarely 3-flowered ; inferior glume shorter and rather obtuse. Corolla hairy at the base, with an awn at the base of the inferior valve. Hap- In swamps and bog-meadows. New-Jersey. Pennsyl- vania and New-England. Muhlenberg. June.
3. A. aristulata*: panicle capillary, spreading; branches verticillate ami flexuous 5 calyx S-flowered, Ehorl(er than the
*iRA. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 13S
florets ; superior floret pedicellate ; inferior valve of the co- rolla truncate, laciniate, with an awn a little below the middle scarcely exserted.
Root perennial. Culm 2 feet high, erect, with few leaves. Leaves erect, flat, striate, scabrous on the margin. Sheaths smooth. Seifiuie elongated, membranaceous. Panicle oblong or pyra- midal; lower branches about 5; the upper ones in threes. Calyx unequal, somewhat membranaceous; the inferior glume longe^, ovate, acute, 1 -nerved, scabrous on the keel; superior valve linear. Florets hairy at the base ; the superior one on a iiairy pedicel. Inferior valve of the corolla obtuse and lacerate at the tip ; superior valve shorter, bifid. Stamens 3 ; anthers linear, yellow. Styles very short; stigmas plumose, white. Hab. On the shores of lakes Owasco and Onondaga, New- York. August. Coofier.
4. A. pumila Pursh: panicle small, fastigiate, few- flowered; pedicels short ; florets awnless, obtuse, twice the length of the cal^x; valves with membranaceous margins; leaves flat, smooth ; culm erect, scarcely longer than the leaves. Pursh Fl. 1. p. 76. Catabjiosa pumi/a Roem» 4' Schnlt. II. p. 696.
Hooi perennial. Culm scarce an inch high, growing in close
tufts. Hab. In barren clayey soil, near brick-yards. Pennsylvania,
June. Pursh.
This grass, as far as I can learn, has not been found by any
other botaniirt except Pursh. It is placed in the genus Ca-
TABROSAt oiBeauvois, hy Roe 7ner is" S c h u It e s, but
it cioes not appear to be a congener with C. aguatica, (Poa
fiquaiica !>.)
40. LOLIUM. L.
Spikelets sessile on a rachis, many-flowered. Calyx of one glume. Inferior valve of the corolla herbaceo- membranaceous, mucronate, or with a short bristle at the tip. Geiu pi 126. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 89. Juss. p. 31. Roem.^ Schult. Gen. 346. P. de Beauv. t. XX. f. 3. Tr i ?u Agrost. 67. Spike com- pound. Calyx in the uppermost spikelets 2-valved.
Darnel.
1, h. pereyme L. : florets much longer than the calyx,
unarmed, linear-oblong, compressed ; root perennial. fVi 1 1 d.
f Catabuosa, Cal. 2— 5-florus, flosculis brevior ut et valvula corolliiia inferior subtruncata, eroso-denticulata, superior fere trifida. J\'ectaria Ian- c'eolata. Germen subemarginatum. Stigmata subuspergilliformia. Semen bicorue. Faincula comrosila. P. de ieav.v. .ij^roeS. p. 96. t. XIX, f 8.
134 TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. lolium.
Spec, I. p. 461. Muhl. Gram. p. 196. Big. Bost. p. 27.
Roem. 4r Schult. II. p. 747. lu. vulgar e Smith Fh
Brit. I. p. 148. Eng. Bot. t. 315.
Root creeping. Culm a foot and a half high, terete, smooth. Leaves broad-linear, smooth and siiining. Stifiule very short, truncate. S/iike about 6 inches long, composed of spikelets arranged on opposite sides of a compressed flexuous rachis. Sf}ikelets 7 — 9-flo\vered. Calyx lanceolate, smooth, nervosa. Inferior valve of the corolla S-nerved, acute. Stamens 3 ; an- thers pale yellow, Hab. In meadows and on road-sides ; common. May—June, Naturalized. Habit of Triticubi refiens^
2. L. tcmultntum L, : florets shorter than the calyx, as long as the bristle at their extremity ; root annual ; culm sca- brous above. Willd. Spec. 1. p. 462. Smith FL Brit. 1. p. 150. Eng. Bol.i.W-lA, M u h I. Cat. p. \3> Roem. ^ Schult. li. p. 749.
Root fibrous. Culm about 2 feet high. Leaves broad-linear, scabrous on the margin. Sheaths smooth. Stifiule very shcjrt, truncate. 5/22^f/f/s much compressed, 5 — 7-flowered. Calyx generally longer than the florets. Inferior valve of the corolla 5 -nerved ; bristle twice tlie length of the valve. Hab. In New-England and Pennsylvania. Julyo Muhlen- berg.
41. ELEUSINE. Gaertner.
Spikes digitate, unilateral. Calyx membranaceous, 4 — 6-flowered; glumes obtuse, unequal. Corolla mem- branaceous, unequal, unarmed ; inferior valve carinate, the superior concave on the back. Seed triangular, transversely rugose. Gaert. cie Fruct. et Sem. t. 1. f. 12. Nutt. Gen. 1. p. 75. Roem. £5? Schult. Gen. 298. Lam. 111. t. XLVIII. f. 3. P. de Beauv. t. XV. f. 3. Trin. Agrost. 70. Cynosurus L.
E. indica L a m.: spikes straight, erect, in pairs or qua- ternate ; rachis linear ; spikelets lanceolate, about 5-flo\vered ; eulm compressed, declined. Lam. III. I.e. Mich. FL I. p. 64. Will d. Enum. h. Btrol. I. p. 1 13. Pursh FL i. p. 87. Muhl. Gram. p. 13.3. Elliott Sk. 1. p. 175. Roem, <f/- Schult. II. p. 582. Cvnosurus indicus L. Willd. Spec. I. p. 417. fV a 1 1. Car. p. 82.
Root annual, ('perennial Ell.) Culm 8 inches to a foot long, declined or prostrate, branched at the base. Leaves distichous, linear, expanding, hairy above, smooth beneath. Sheaths loose, hairy at the throat. Stifiule very short, dentate. Sfiikes gene- vally in pairs ; ruchis compressed, bearded at the base. Sfiifrc.
ELEusiN^. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNTA. 135
lets closely imbricate. Superior glume of the calyx 5-nervecl, broader than the inferior. Corolla smooth ; the inferior valve a third longer than the other, and rather obtuse. Stamens 3 ; anthers yellow. Seed arillate, conspicuously corrugate trans- versely. Hab. Very common in cultivated grounds and about houses ; even betvireen the stones of the pavements in the city of Nevvr- York. July — November. A native also of India, Egypt, Japan, and South-America. Wire-grass^ Yard-grass, £cc.
42. TRITICUM. L.
Flowers spiked. Spikelets sessile on the teeth of the rachis, 3 — 4-fiowered, the 2 inferior florets opposite, fertile ; the upper ones often abortive. Glumes broad, boat-shaped, mucronate or armed. Inferior valve of the corolla terminating in a bristle ; superior valve sub- conduplicate. Nutt, Gen. I. p. 88. Roem. 'i£' Schult. Gen. 348. P. de Beauv. t. XX. f 4. Trin. Jgrost. \05. Tritici spp. L. JFheat.
T. (Eotivvm L. : spike parallel, compressed ; glumes 4-flowered, ventricose ; bristles generally much longer than the floret?. tVilld. Spec. I. p. 476. P ursh FL 1. p. 90. Roem. ^ Schult. II. p. 761.
i?oo? annual. Culm ^ — 4 feet high. ZfaTOd-s broad-linear, smooth. Stifiule membranaccdus, sh'irt, truncate. S'fiike 3 — 6 inches lonii; rachis articulated. Glumes bri)ad, and enveloping the florets, mucronate. Inferior valve of the corolla terminating in a scabrous bristle 1 — 3 inches long.
Hab. In neglected fields ; scarcely naturalized. June.
43. AGROPYRON. Gaertner.
Flowers spiked. Spikelets sessile on the teeth of the rachis ; 3 — 9-flovvered. Glumes lanceolate, cari- nate. Inferior vah^e of the corolla mucronate, or ter- minating in a subulate bristle. P. de Beauv. 1. c, p. 101. t. XX. f. 42. Roe ?n. ^Schult. Gen. 347. Trin.Agrost. 101. Tritici spp. L.
1. A. repens P. de B. : spikelets oblong, 5-flowered ; glumes subulate, many-nerved ; florets acuminate ; leaves flat; root creeping. R o e m. '^ S c hull. U. p. 754. Tai- TicuM repf.7is L. Willd. Spec. I. p. 481. Smith FL Brit. T. p. 158. Eng. But. t. 909. fJ uhl. Gram. p. 195. .8 i g. Bost. p. 27.
138 TRIANORIA. DIGYNIA, agropyron..
Rooi articulated, white, extensively creeping. Culm about 2 feet high. Leaves broad-linear, scabrous on the upper surface, sometimes a little glaucous. Sheaths smooth. Stifiule very- short, truncate. Sfiike 3 — 4 inches long. Rac/iis flexuous, jointed, compressed. Caiy.v nearly equal, acute ; florets alter- nate. Inferior valve of the corolla smooth, nerved, mucronate, sometimes with a short bristle at the tip ; superior valve shorter, emarginate, ciliate on the sides. Stamens 3 ; anthers large, pale yellow.
Hab. In fields and cultivated grounds ; common. July. Intro- duced ? Couch-grase.
2. A. caninum R. ^ S. : spikelets about S-floweredj compfessed ; glumes 3-nerved, and, as well as the florets, armed with a bristle at the tip; root fibrous. Roem. ^° Schult. \\, p. 75G, Triticvm caninum Sp. p/. BO. Smith Fl. Brit. I. p. 159. Eng. Bot. t. 1372. Muhl. Gram. p. 196. Elymus cnninns f^^ i 1 1 d. Spec. I. p. 469.
Root perennial. Culm 2 — 3 feet high, erect or oblique. Leaves
flfit, smooth. Stif2ule almost wanting. Sfiikelets sometimes
6-fto\vered. Glumes and the eJiterior valve of the corolla ter*
minating in a straight scabrous bristle longer than the flowers.
Hab. In Delaware. Muhlenberg. Probably introduced,
44. SECALE. L
Flowers spiked. Spikelets sessile on the teeth of the racfiis, 2 — 3-flowered ; the terminal floret abortive. Calyx 2-'valved ; glumes subulate, opposite, shorter than the florets. Inferior valve of the corolla terminat- ing in a long bristle. Ge?i. pi. 127. Ai''utt. Gen. I. p.'sS. R 0 em. ^ Sell u It. Ge??. 350. P.de Beau v. t. XX. f. 6. Trin.Jgrost.l06. Rye^
S. cerealc. L.; glumes and bristles scabrous-ciliate ; co- rolla smooth. fVilld. Spec. I. p. 471. Pursh Fl. I, p. 90. Roem. ^ Schult. 11. p. 773.
Root annual or biennial. Culm 3 — 4 feet higb. Leaves broad- linear, smooth. S/iike 4—6 inches long, dlumes ciliate, sub- ulate. Inferior valve of the corolla 3-nerved, terminating in a long scabrous bristle. Hab. In neglected fields: scarcely naturalized. June.
45. ELYMUS. L.
Flowers spiked. Spikelets 2 or more at each joint of the racliis, 3 — 9-flovvered, Glumes (involucrum L. &c.) geminate, subulate. Inferior valve of the corolla entire, mucronate, or with a short bristle at the tip-
ELYMUs. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 137
Gen. pi. 128. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 86. Roein. ^ Schult. Gen. 351. P. de Beauv. t. XX. f. 7 et 11. Trin. Agrost. 108. Calyx almost wanting in E. Hystrix. Lyme grass.
1. E. virginicus L. : spike erect, coarctate ; spikelets in pairs, 2 — 3-flowered ; florets smooth ; glumes lanceolate, nerved. Willd. Enum, h. Berol. I. p. 131. Spec. 1. p. 469. Mich, Fl.l.p.65. B ig. Bost. ip. 28. Pursh Fl. \.ip. 89. Elliott Sk. l. p. 180. Muhl. Gram. ip. 176. Roem.^ Schult. II. p. 776. E. caroliniamis Walt. Car. p. 82. HoRDEUM flosculis omnibus hermaphroditis, &ic. Gron. Virg. p. 13.
i?oor perennial. Culm 3 — 4 feet high, erect, smooth, terete. Leaves flat, 8 — 10 inches long, nearly half an inch broad, bright green. Stifiule nearly obsolete. Spike stiffly erect, thick. Glumes lateral, a little connate and thickened at the base, forming a sort of involucrtim around the spikelets, with several elevated nerves on the external surface ; the extremity produced into a subulate bristle. Inferior valve of the corolla oblong-lanceolate, naked ; superior valve a little shorter, emar- ginate, concave on the back, scabrous on the margin and to- wrards the extremity. Bristle of the inferior florets longer than the calyx. Stamens 3. Germen bearded at the tip.
Hab. On the banks of rivers ; abundant on the Island of New- York and at Hoboken. July — August.
2. E. canadensis L.: spike nodding at the extremitj, patulous ; spikelets 3 — 5-flowered ; florets hairy ; glumes linear-subulate. W ill d. Enum.h. Berol. I. p. 131. Spec. I. p. 468. PurshFUl.^. 89. Muhl. Gram. p. 178. Roem. ii- Schult. II. p. 776. E. philadelphicus Lin. Amoen. acad. IV. p. 266.
Root creeping. Culm 3 — 4 feet high. Leaves flat and smooth, dark green. Sheaths sometimes a little pubescent on the
• margin. Stifiule very short. Sfiike about 6 inches long, gen- erally a little pendulous at the extremity. Spikelets spread- ing ; the lower ones sometimes ternate. Glumes marked on the outside with 3 or 4 elevated nerves, terminating in a bristle shorter than that of the florets. Inferior valve of the corolla strigosely hairy ; superior valve obtuse. Hab. On the banks of rivers ; rarer than the preceding species. August.
/S. g/awci/b/ii/5*: leaves glaucous. E, glaucifolius Willd. Enum. h. Btrol. I. p. 13. PurshFl. I. p. 89. Muhl. Gram. p. 177. Roem. ^ Schult. II. p. 776.
Hab. On the rocky shore at Hoboken, New- Jersey, &c. August.
18
13& TRTANDRIA^ DIGYNIA. ELTufu?.
5. E. villosus Muhl.: spike a little nodding at the ex- tremity, patulous; rachis and florets hispid-pilose; spike- lets geminate, 2 — 3-flovvered; glumes linear, pilos'^.-ciiiate, 2-nerved, shorter than the florets. W i 1 1 d, Enum. h. BeroL
I. p. 131. MuhL Gram. p. 175. Pursh Fl. 1. p. 89. Roem. c^ Schull. 11. p. 776.
Boot fibrous, perennial. Culm 2 — 3 feet high. Leaves 8 — lO inches lon{j,-4 — 5 lines broadj. smooth. Lower sheaths strigose- hirsule ; the upper ones often smooth. Sjiike 3 inches long» at first erect, but at length incurved at the extremity, loose» Sfiikelets generaily S-flowered. Glumes very narrow, ciliate and pilose', rarely naked. Inferior valve of the corolla strigose, wuh a straight scabrous bristle longer than that of the glumes.
Hab. On dry hills along the banks of rivers. Hobokeny New- Jersey, Sec. July.
4. E. Hystrix L, : spike erect ; spikelets diverging ; calyx 0. Sp, pi. ]2i. JVt 1 1 d. Spec. I. p. ^71, Elliott Sk. I. p. 18K Muhl. Gram. p. 178. Roem. ^ Schult.
II. p. 779.
Root fibrous, perennial. Culm about 3 feet high. Leaves broad- linear, flat, often glaucous. Scifiule very short. Sfiike 6 inches long, Sfiikelets generally 3 at each joint of the flexuous rachis, 3-fiowered, at length spreading almost horizontally. Calyx generally wanting ; rarely of I or 2 subulate glumes ,• sometimes its place is supplied by 2 callous rudiments. Inferior valve of the corolla hairy, (sometimes naked,) terminating in a scabrous bristle 2 — 4 times its length ; superior valve ciliate on the margin.
Hab. On rocky hills. Hoboken, New-Jersey. In the High- lands of New- York. Williamstown, Massachusetts. D ew e t/. In Pennsylvania. Mu hlenberg, July.
This species, from its wanting the calyx, constitutes the genus AsPRELLA oi Cavanilles, (Gymnostichum Schreb.) ; but Muhlenberg remarks that there is sometimes a 1- or 2-leaved calyx as long as the florets, and this I have observed in specimens collected by Dr. E. Jame s on the Ohio. The callous rudiments, in the place of the glumes, are not at all un- common.
46. MELICA. L.
Calyx 2 — 4-flowered, loose, membranaceous. Flo- rets as long as the glumes ; one or more of the superior ones abortive and incomplete. Corolla unarmed, co- riaceo-membranaceous. Nectaries connate. Seed free. Gen. pi, 113. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 63. Juss. p. 31. Roem, ^ SchitlU Gen. 290. P, de Beauv. t. XIV.
MLLtcA. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 139
f. 4, 5. Trim Jgrost. 126. Panicle raeemose, sub- secund. Melic-grass^
M. speciosa M n h I. : smooth ; panicle loose, erect, few- flowered ; branches simple ; florets obtuse. M u h I. Amer, Phil. Trans. \\\.^,\&Q, Gram. I. p. 87. Willd.Enum. h BeroL I. D. 102. K o e m. ^ S c h u It. If. p. 526. M. altissima 0. IVilld. ^pec. I. p. 385. i\JL glabra Mich. i"/. I. p.62. Pursh FLl.p.ll, E I lio i t Sh \. p. 154.> M. glabra Walt. Car. p. 77.
Root perennial. Culm 3 — 4 feet high. Leaves linear, flat, pu- bescent beneath. Stipule membranaceous, lacerate. Panicle a little secund ; branches few and solitary. Sfiikelets half an inch in length, 3 — 5 on each brancli. Glumes ovate-lanceolate ; the inferior shorter, very snnooth, without nerves. Corolla many-nerved ; the superior valve pubescent on the margin. Abortive fioret on a peclxel, between the other florets, consist- ing of 3 hemispherical valves enveloped one within the other,
Hab. On mountains in Pennsylvania. June. Muhlenberg. My specimens are from Noi'th-Carolina.
47. ATHEROPOGON. Muhl.
Spikes m a UBilateral raceme. Calyx 2-valved5 membranaceous, 2-flo\vered ; inferior glume setiform. Perfect floret 2-valved ; inferior valve 3-toothed, or 3-bristled ; superior valve bifid. Abortive Jloret pedi- cellate, 2-valved, 3-bristled. Muhl. ap. TV ill d. Spec. IV. p. 937. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 77. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen. 251. Boutelgua La gas. Gen. et Spec. nov. IV. p. S. Actinochloa et Dineb^ spp. P. de Beauv, Tri^ena Humb. & Bonp. EuTRiANA Trin. *^grost. p. 125.
A. apludoides Muhl.: spikes racemose, distant, pen- <iulous ; perfect floret with the inferior valve tricu?pidate ; lateral bristles in the abortive floret half the length of the ter- minal one. Muhl. 1. c» Gram. p. 287. Pnrsh FL 1. p. 75. Spreng. pug. I. p. 8. Kutt. Gen. I. p. 78. Torrey in SilL Jour, IV. p. 58. R o em. ^ S chult, II. p. 414. Chloris curtipendula Mich. Ft. I. p. 59. fVilld. Spec, IV. p. 927. EuTRiAii a curtipendula Triv,
Root perennial. Cubn about a foot and a half high, geniculate at the base, assurgent, terete. Leaves linear, at first flat, but becoming involute, smooth, except a few hairs on the margin near the base. Lower sheaths somewhat pubescent, hairy at the tliroat. Stifiule n very narrow fringe. Spikes 20 — 40,
140 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. atheroposon.
oblong, sessile, arranged on 2 opposite sides of the common racMsy but secund, reflected downwards, each containing 6 — 8 spikelets. Partial rachis compressed, terminating in a sharp naked point. Inferior glume of the calyx adhering to the rachis, very narrow, and resembling a bristle ; superior valve oblong-lanceolate, acuminate and mucronate, with a hispid keel. Perfect floret lanceolate, somewhat scabrous ; the in- ferior valve terminating in 3 equal points, one of which pro- ceeds from the midrib, the other 2 from the margins ; superior valve as long as the inferior, bicuspidate at the tip. Stamens 3 ; anthers bright-red. Seed oblong, not sulcate. Inferior valve of the abortive floret ovate, a little bifid at the tip, with a straight bristle as long as the valve between the teeth ; lateral bristles proceeding from the margin of the valve about half way down ; superior valve minute, ovate, obtuse, 2-cleft. Sometimes there are two perfect florets, besides the abortive one, in each spikelet. Hab. On rocky hills near Poughkeepsie, New-York. August. Dudgeon. In the western parts of Pennsylvania. It is also found in Ohio, Illinois, and up the Missouri as far as its sources. J\ru tt all. I have specimens collected by Dr. James during Maj. Lon g's Expedition, as far west as the base of the Rocky Mountains.
This species is nearly allied to A. racemosus R. isf S., (BouTELOUA racemoaa Lag as c.) a native of Peru. Four other South- American species are described by Humb. & B 0 nju under the generic name of Dinebra.
48. PANICUM. L.
Calyx 2-valved, 2-fiowered ; the inferior glume often very small. Florets dissimilar ; the lower one abortive, or antheriferous, 1 — 2-valved; the inferior valve re- sembling in texture the glumes ; the superior mem- branaceous. Perfect Jioret with cartilaginous valves, unarmed. Ge?i. pi. 108. Nut t. Gen! I. ^. 52. JR. Brown Prod. I. p. 189. Poem, b' Schult. Gen. 260. P. de Beauv. t. X. f. 1—5. Trin. Agrost. 147. EcHiNocHLOA P. de B. Flowers generally in a compound racemose panicle. Glumes of the calyx sometimes nearly equal. Panic-grass,
1. P. Cms gain L.: racemes alternate and in pairs, compound ; rachis 5-angled ; glumes terminating in hispid bristles ; sheaths glabrous. Willd, Spec. L p. 337. Smith Fl. Brit. 1. p. 65. E/ifif. Bot. t. 876. Mich, Ft. I. p. 46. Big. Bost. p. 19. Pursh Fl. I. p. 66. Muhl Gram, p. 105. E 1 1 i 0 1 1 Sk. I. p. 114. EcHiNOCHLOA Cru5 £^a//i P. de Beauv, Roem. ^ Schult, II. p. 478.
PANicuM. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 141
Root annual. Culm 2 — 4 feet high, terete. Leaves broad and flat. Panicle dense» at length spreading. Inferior glumes smaller, acaminate ; the superior 5-nerved, terminating in a briatle several times its length. Abortive Jloret 2-valved; the inferior valve with a long bristle at the tip ; superior half the length of the other, acute, membranaceous. Perfect floret smooth and coriaceous.
Hab. In moist meadows, along ditches, and in cultivated grounds ; common. August — September. It varies with un- armed glumes. Introduced. Cock's-foot grass.
2. F. hispidum Muhl.: panicle compound, nodding; racemes alternate ; glumes terminating in hispid bristles ; sheaths hispid. Muhl. Gram, p. 107. P. Cms galli 0. hispidtim Elliott Sk. I. p. 114. P. Walleri Pursh FL I. p. 6G. nee M uhl, &l E 1 1. P. muricatum Mich. Fl. 1. p. 47?
Root annual. Culm 3 — 4 feet high, erect, thick and succulent. Leaves broad, flat. Panicle dense, 4 — 6 inches long. Flowers as in the preceding species, but never unarmed.
Hab. Along ditches near the salt-water, ard in salt-marshes. September — October. It much resembles P. Cms galli, and may be only a variety of that species ; but it is easily distin- guished by its hispid sheaths.
3. P. clandesfinum L. : culm with short axillary branches; leaves broad-lanceolate, cordate at the base ; sheaths hispid, enclosing the short panicles ; abortive floret neutral, 2-va!ved ; superior valve obtuse. Sp. pi. 86, Willd. Spec, 1. p. 351. Muhl. Gram. p. 110. R o em. ^ S chult. II. p'. 442. P. latifolium 0. clandestinum Pursh Fl. 1. p. 68.
Root perennial, fibrous. Culm 2 — 3 feet high, erect and rigid, leafy ; branches appressed. Leaves 3 — 4 inches long, 1 inch broad, expanding, strongly nerved, scabrous on the margin, ciliate at the base. Sheaths hispid, with horizontal hairs arising from little fiafiillie situated in the furrows between the strice. Panicles terminal and lateral, concealed in the sheaths of the leaves, simple, few-flowered. Sfiikelets ovate, obtuse, pubes- cent. Glumes ovate, acute, loose; the superior obscurely 7-nerved. jibortive floret 2-valved ; inferior valve resembling the glumes ; superior valve membranaceous, oblong. Perfect floret shorter than the calyx, shining. Stamens 3 ; anthers purple. Styles 2 ; stigmas large, plumose, exserted, purple. Seed white, ovate, shining.
Hab. In shady, moist thickets and woods. July — August.
A very distinct species from P. latifolium, of which it was considered a variety by P u r s h.
4. P. peduncidatum*: culm dichotomous ; leaves broad- Unceolate, slightly hairy above, attenuate ; sheaths hispid and papillose ; panicle long-pedunculate, compound, smooth ;
142 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. panjoum.
spikelets ovate, smooth ; abortive floret 2-valved ; superior valve half the length of the inferior.
Root perennial. Culm 3—4 feet high, erect, terete, much branched above. Leaves 6 inches long, and about 3-fourths of an inch broad, tapering to a sharp point, very scabrous on the margin. Sheaths hispid, as in P. clandestinnm. Stifiule 0. Panicle terminal, on a peduncle 4 — 6 inches long, spreading; branches geminate, virgate ; branchlets 1 -flowered. S/iikelets ovatCv obtuse. Inferior valve of the calyx obtuse or emargin- ate, appressed ; superior valve with 7 prominent nerves. JVeu- tral Jioret with the superior valve obtuse and entire. Valves of the perfect Jioret shining. Stamens 3. Styles 2 ; stigmas purple.
Hab. In moist shady places, borders of woods, 8cc. On the Island of New-York. July.
5. P. laiifolium L.: culm generally simple, bearded at the joints ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, smooth, or, v^ith the sheaths, somewhat pubescent; panicle terminal, a little ex- sert, simple, pubescent ; spikelets oblong-ovate ; abortive floret antheriferous, 2-valved ; superior valve subherbaceous, nearly as long as the inferior, acute. Bp, pi. 86. Willd. Spec. I. p. 350, Mich. Ft. I. p. 49. Big. Bost. p. 20. Pnrsh Fl. I. p. 68. M u h I. Gram. p. 1 09. Elliott Sk. I. p. 119. Walt. Car. p. 73. R o erti. 6/ S c hul t. II. p. 440. P. virginianum lato breviqiie folio, &;c. Mo ris. Hist. III. p. 196. §. 8, t. 5. f. 4. P. M^alteri Poir. Enc. Supp. IV. p. 282. R, ^ S. 11. p. 883.
Root perennial, fibrous. Culm about a foot high, simple, (or branched Muhl.) Leaves 3 — 4 inches long, 1 inch broad, cordate and clasping at the base, generally smooth, spreading. Sheaths half the length of the joints, ciliate along the margin, sometimes pubescent. Panicle about 2 inches long, seldom more than about 15-flowered; branches downy-pubescent, a little divided. Spikelets rather more than a line in length, pubescent. Inferiorg-Zwrne ovate, loose ; superior valve strongly nerved. Abortive floret with 3 perfect stamens. Perfect floret acute. Stainens 3. Seed white.
Hab. In woods and shady thickets. June — July.
6. P. scoparium Lam.: whole plant softly villous; leaves lanceolate ; panicle erect, compound, setaceous, much branched ; spikelets turgid, ovate, pubeacent. Lam. Enc. IV. p. 744. Mich. Fl. I. p. 49. Pursh Fl. I. p. 68. Elliott Sk. ]. ■p. l\9. Muhl. Gram. \).\0'}. Roem. &; Schult. II. p. 444.
Root perennial. Culm erect, about 2 feet high, sometimes branched, terete, almost hispid. Leaves 3 — 6 inches long, an inch or an inch and a half broad, serrulate, slightly waved,
FANfcup. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. - 143
pubescent and soft beneath, smooth, though sometimes sprink- led with hairs, on the upper surface. Flowers larger than in any other of our species. Calyx 2-flowered, perfect and neu- ter, pubescent ; inferior valve ovate, acute, small ; superior valve obovate. Superior valve of the abortive Jloret half the length of the inferior. Perfect fioret with dark-purple anthers and stigmas. JSfectaries collateral, obovate, unequally 2-cleft. Elliott. Hab. In New- Jersey. Muhlenberg.
This species I insert on the authority of Mu /W e n 6 e r 5-, not having seen a northern specimen myself. The specific character is from Mi c h a u x, and the detailed description from Elliott. It does not appear to differ much from P. la- tifolium, except in being more pubescent.
7. F. nervosutn MuhL: culm simple; nodes smooth; leaves broad-lanceolate, smooth, a little ciliate on the margin ; panicle much branched, smooth, many-flowered ; spikelets oblong ; abortive floret antheriferous, with the superior valve subherbaceous, shorter than the inferior. MuhL Gram. p. 116. Elliott Sk. I. p. 122.
Root perennial. Culm 3 — 4 feet high, smooth. Leaves about 6 or 7 inches long, and an inch broad, cordate at the base; texture firm; lower leaves ciliate on the margin, the upper ones naked. Sheaths much shorter than the joints. Stijiule 0. Panicle pedunculate or sessile, 4 — 5 inches long, decompound ; branches flexuous and a little spreading. Sfiikelets nearly as large as in P. latifolium. Inferior glume half as long as the superior, acute, a little spreading ; superior glume obtuse, slightly pubescent, with 7 prominent nerves. Abortive fioret triandrous; superior valve acute. Valves of the /zer/ec^^ore? obtuse, shining, nearly as long as the abortive floret. Stamens
3 ; anthers and stigmas purple.
Hab. In moist boggy meadows in the vicinity of Nevv-York> July.
Nearly allied to P. latifolium, but differs in being much taller, the joints smooth, and the panicle decompound and smooth.
8. P. macrocarpon* : culm erect, simple ; leaves linear- lanceolate, erect, a httle hairy beneath; joints naked ; sheaths hispid ; panicle rather compound, smooth ; spikelets ovate- globose ; abortive floret neutral.
Root perennial. Culm about 3 feet high, straight. Leaves
4 inches long, generally erect, hairy above; the lower ones ciliate on the margin. Sheaths hispid, villous on the margin. Stifiule 0. Panicle with few, spreading, flexuous branches, not much divided. Sfiikelets almost globose, strongly nerved. Inferior glume very broad, carinate. Abortive fiorst with th« superior valve not half the length of the inferior.
11-4 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. panicum.
Hab. On the banks of the Connecticut River, near Deerfield, Massachusetts. Sent to me by Dr. Co o ley.
9. P. piibescens L a m. : erect, much branched, leafy, softly pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, ciliate ; panicle small, few-flowered, free ; spikelets subglobose-obovate, pubescent. M i c h. FL I. p. 49. L a m. Enc. V. p. 743. Pursh Fl. I. p. 68. Jl/w A/. Gram. p. 116. El li o 1 1 SkA. ^, IIA^ Eoem. ^ Schult. II. p. 446.
Root perennial. Culm a foot and a half high, erect, simple and branched ; branches alternate ; nodes retrorsely hairy. Leaves linear-lanceolate, nervose, hairy on every part. Stipule beard- ed, elongated. Sheaths with the hairs pointing downwards. Panicle terminal, distant ; branches horizontal, flexuous, sub- solitary, alternate, hairy, divided. Sfiikelets pyriform, nerved, pubescent. Inferior glume of the ca/i/ar small. Muhl.
Hab. In woods and fields. Pennsylvania. June. Muhlen- berg.
Among my specimens of Panicum, I find none that will agree very well with the description of Mi c haux^a P. fiu- bescens. The plant described under this name in the Descrifi. Ubcr. Gram, differs in some respects, though not sufficiently to form a distinct species. It is not uncommon along borders of woods in the vicinity of New-York.
10. P. involutum*: culm cespitose, simple, or a little branched at the base ; leaves erect, somewhat rigid, very narrow, at length involute ; panicle simple, few-flowered ; florets acuminate ; superior valve of the neutral floret very small.
Root perennial. Culm about a foot high. Leaves shorter than the culm, a little hairy. Panicle terminal, (rarely also lateral at the base of the culm), consisting of a few flexuous branches, bearing from 10 to 20 sfiikelets as large as those of P. latifoli- nm. Inferior glume spreading, rather large, acuminate. Su- perior valve of the abortive Jloret membranaceous, entire, half the length of the inferior valve.
Hab. Near Deerfield, Massachusetts. Co oley.
1 1 . P. depauptratum M uh I. : culm cespitose, hairy at the joints ; leaves linear-lanceolate, smooth or hairy ; sheaths pubescent •, panicle few-flowered ; branches in pairs, one of them 2-flowered, the other 1 -flowered. Muhl, Gram, p. 112.
Root perennial. Culm about a foot high. Lower leaves short ; upper ones elongated. Panicle terminal, erect ; branches tor- tuous. Inferior glume appressed, 3-nerved, short, obtuse ; the superior acute, lanceolate, nervose, smooth. Perfect jioret white, obtuse, a little shorter than the calyx. Stamens 3 j an- thers dark purple. Mu h I. 1. e.
PANicuM. TRlANDtllA. DIGYNIA. 145
Hab. In barren sandy soils near New-York, and in New-Jersey. May — June.
The specific character given above, of this species, is drawn from the detailed description of Mu hlen b erg^ as I am un- certain whether the plant I consider as the P. depauperatum^ is the same as his. It is not a very distinct species.
12. P. dicholomum L. : culm much branched and dicho- tomous above; branches fasciculate; leaves very numerous, lanceolate, smooth ; panicle simple, capillary, lax ; abortive floret neutral ; superior valve minute, bifid. Willd. Spec. I. p. 346. Pursh Fl.L ip. 361. E Hi o 1 1 Sk. ]. p. Ui, Muhl. Gram, p. IIZ. R o em. i.- S c hu 1 1, U. p. 430. P. paniculis simplicibus, culmo ramoso dichotomo Gron. Firg. 133.
Root perennial. Culm erect, (procumbent E I /.), from 8 inches to a foot or more in height, with numerous crowded branches ; joints hairy. Leaves spreading, about an inch long, and a line and a half broad, bright green and membranaceous, a little cordate and ciliate with long hair* at the base. Sheaths distinctly ciliate on the margin, almost villous at the throat. Panicles lateral and terminal; branches nearly simple and much spread- ing. iS/i/X-e/e^s minute, ovate, obtuse, smooth, luhv'xov glume short, obtuse ; the other nerved, acute. Abortive Jloret 2-valved ; the superior glume minute and membranaceous, a little cleft at the point. Fertile Jloret the length of the calyx, shining, rather obtuse. Stamens 3. Stigmas purple. Hab. In dry woods ; common. July — September.
a. curvatum : culm very tall, rather rigid ; branches few and a little curved.
^.fasciculatum : culm low, erect or decumbent ; branches and leaves densely fascicirlate ; panicles very small, concealed among the leaves.
y. gracile : culm tall, slender ; leaves membranaceous. Hab. a. in moist meadows among shrubbery. 0. in sandy fields, New- Jersey, y. common in swamps, New-York.
13. P. nitidum Lam.: culm slender, simple, erect, smooth; sheaths bearded at the throat; leaves very few, re- mote, broad-hnear ; panicle capillary, rather crowded, com- pound, smooth ; spikelets minute, obtuse, ovate, slightly pubes- cent ; inferior glume very small. Lam. III. 899. Eiic. Meth. IV. p. 749. Mich. Fl. I. p. 49. PurshFl. I. p. 67. Roem. ^- Schult.W.p. 446.
Root perennial, fibrou?. Culm 1 8 inches or 2 feet high, generally simple, or with a few short, erect, axillary branches -above, slender, and often reclining on other plants ; nodes sun'ounded T9
146 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. panicum.
by a villous ring. Leaves few, lanceolate-linear, about 3 inches long, and 2-3 lines broad, smooth, (the lower ones .often pu- bescent, membranaceous and a little shining, acute, ciliate at the base. Sheaths half the length of the joints, smooth, ex- cept along the margin, which is villous. Stifiule 0. Panicle exsert, compound. Sfiikrleis rather numerous, at the extremi- ties of the almost verticillate branches, oblong, nearly smooth, obtuse. Inievxov ghime very minute, scarious on the margin, obtuse; superior glume obscurely 5-nerved,subcarinate. Abor- tive floret 2-valved, neutral; superior valve less than half the length of the inferior, bifid. Corolla of the fertile floret shining, as long as the calyx. Stamens 3. Stigmas 2, purple. Hab. In meadows and woods. June — July. Of this grass there are many varieties, the principal of which are the following : —
a. aliatum : culm hairy ; leaves linear-lanceolate, (the lower ones broader,) sparingly hirsute, ciliate on the margin j panicle with the branches and flowers pubescent.
/8. ramulosum ; culm more branched ; panicle contract- ed, branches smooth.
y. graciie : culm very slender, smooth ; leaves very narrow, and with the sheaths smooth ; panicle nearly simple ; few-How ered, smooth ; superior valve of the abortive floret minute, entire ?
J. pilosum : culm simple, very hairy ; lower leaves ap- proj:imate and broad, lanceolate ; upper ones Iin*ear, rather rigid, somewhat hairy on the upper surface, ciliate at the base ; sheaths villose and minutely papillose ; panicle subcontracted ; branches virgate, and with the flowers, pubescent.
E, glabrum : smooth on every part except the base of the leaves, nearly simple ; lower leaves short, approximate, sub- cartilaginous ; panicle branched, almost verticillate, spikelets large '; superior valve of the abortive floret entire. P. niiidum Schw einit z,
i. harbatum : culm simple, smooth j nodes hairy ; leaves*
linear-lanceolate ; sheaths smooth, except on the margin ;
panicle subsimple, smooth ; flowers minutely pubescent. P.
discolor M u h L Gram. p. 114. S pr en g. Mant. I. p. 31 .
Roem. ^ Schtilt. U. ^. All.
Hab. «. in the pine-barrens of New- Jersey, and on the Islanu of New-York. A foot and a half high /3. near Quaker-bridge New-Jeisey. June. Two feet high. y. near Niw-York. About a foot high. )•. in dry woods, &c. New-York. e. in meadows; common. ^. in woods and meadows. June A foot high.
14. P. agrostoides MuhL: culm compressed, smooth
pANicuM. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 147
erect; leaves very long ; panicles lateral and terminal, py- ramidal, spreading; branches racemiferous ; spikelets appress- ed ; abortive floret neutral, valves nearly equal. M it h l. Gram. p. 119. Sp r e n g. pug. 11. p. 4. R o cm. ^ Schult. II .p. 456. Pe agrostidiforme Lam. fit. 805. Enc. Meth. IV. p. 748. (fide R. <$r S.) P. elongaiwn Pursh Fl. \. p. 69. Ro em. ^ S chult. \], p. 452. nee P o-ir. Enc. Supp. IV. p. 278.
R«o( perennial, creeping? Cuim 2-5 feet high, smooth at the joints. Leaves forming a large tuft about the root, varying in length, linear and smooth; those on the culm about a- foot Img andnearly 2 lines broad. 5.^eccA shorter than the joibts. Sri/mle very short, obliquely truncate. Panicles lateral and terminal, generally dark purple ; the lateral ones on long compressed peduncles proceeding from the sheaths of the leaves; branches slightly flexuous and at length horizontal. S/iikelets sub- secund, crowded, on short peduncles, smooth, acute. Inferior glume half the length of the superior, very acute, carinate ; superior valve longer than the abortive floret, marked with 5 prominent nerves. Abortive floret 2-valved ; superior valve subherbaceous, acute, 1 -nerved. Perfect Jloret nearly a third shorter than the other, smooth and shining. Hab. In wet meadows; common near New-York. July— Sep- tember.
15. P. virgaium L,: whole plant very smooth ; panicle diffuse, very large; flowers acuminate; valves of th'- abortive floret nearly equal. Sp.pl 87. Willd, Spec. I.. p. 353. M i c h. FL I. p. 48. M u h L Gram. p. r20. Elliott Sic. I. p. 120. Ro em. ^' S chult. II. p. 443. Gron.Virg. 153.
Root perennial. Culm 3-4 feet high. Leaves very long, flat. Panicle virgate, at length spreading. Spikelets large ; florets a little diverging, c/umes acuminate; the inferior two-thirds the length of the superior, and resembling it in structure. Abortive Jloret antheriferous, with the superior valve subher- baceous and very distinct, envelloping the stamens. Perfect floret smooth. Nectaries very short, lacerate.
Hab. Along the margin of salt water, but not confined to such a situation. July— August. Allied to P. coloratum.
16. P. anceps Mi c h. : culm compressed ; sheaths anci- pitous, pilose ; panicle with nearly simple branches ; spikelets subracemose, much acuminate; abortive floret neutral ; supe- rior valve bifid. Mich. Fl.].Tp. A8. Piirsh Fl.].ip.69. Elliott Sk. I. p. 118. Rotm. S^ S chult. II. p. 444. P. rostralum Muhl. Gram. p. 121. Willd. Euum. h. Berol. II. p. 1032. P. pennsylvanicitm S'preng.
Root perennial. . Cuim 3 feet high. Leaves very lohg. Panicle
148 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. panicum.
pyramidal, often subsecund ; spikelets appressed to the bran- ches. Abortive Jloret 2-valved ; inferior valve and the glumes so much acuminate as to appear rostrate. Hab. Iti fields. Pennsylvania. July — August. Muhlen ber g. My specimens are from the Southern States.
17. P. rectum R. fy S. : panicle solitary, shorter than the terminal leaf ; branches simple, flexuous ; spikelets alternate, peduncled, obevate, turgid ; glumes striate, acute ; leaves linear straight, tapering to a sharp point, striate and scabrous above, hairy beneath; sheaths with .very long hairs. Roem. ^ Schul L II. p. 457. P. strictum RuJish FL I. p. 69.
Hab. On the banks of the Delaware, Pennsylvania. July. Purs/i.
■ With this species I am unacquainted. The name has been changed by R. ^ 5. because R. Brown had previously described a P. s trie t uth irom -New Hollaiid.
18. P. verrucosum Muhl. : culm slender, decumbent and geniculate, branched below, and with the leaves smooth; panicle much spreading, few-flovvcred ;,. flowers vertucose ; abortive floret 1-valved. Muhl. Gram. p. il3. P. debile Elliott Sk, I. p. 129. ' ••■
Root perennial, fibrous. *Cu/?n about a foQt and a half long, very slender, much branched from the base ; -nodes smooth. Leaves linear, bright green, about 3 inches. long, spreading. Sheaths much shorter than the joints, smooth. Panicles lateral and terminal, loose, capillary ; branches a little flexuous, 2-floWered at the extremities. 5/zfXre^e^s appressedj ovate. Inferior ^-/wme very short, rather acute; superior glume roughened by little warts, not " pubescent, dark green, jiborlive jloret neuter, resembling the superior glume. Perfect Jloref^ finely striate, opake. Stamens 3. Styles ''i: ., . •..■■.■..■
Hab. In swamps among shrubbery. Comrotton, about Islip, Long-Island. Near Long-branch, New-Jersey Cooler. August.
A remarkable species, and easily distinguished by its verru- cose flowers. It is allied to P. ramulosutn oi jyli.c'/iauxj but distinct. ' •.' '
1 9. proliferum L a m. : culm assurgent geniculette at base, very smooth; panicles terminal and axillary, smooth.; spikelets
^racemose; abortive floret 1-valved. Lam. Enc. IV. p. 747. ' Pursh Fl. l.p. 68. Ro_em:^ Schnlt. 11. p. 431. P.
dichotomijlorum M i c h. FL I. p. 48. P..genicuititum Muhl.
Gram. p. 123. E I li o 1 1 Sk. I. ip. 117.- P. miliaceum Walt.
Car. p. 72.
Root annual. Whole plant very smooth. -.Culm 2-4 feet long, thick and succulent. Leaves a foot or more long, and about half an inch broad, flat. Sheaths swelling, hairy at the throat. Panicles large and pyramidal ; branches straight, scabrous.
PANicuM. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 149
Inferior 5"/M7Me very broad, amplexicaul, rather obtuse ; supe- rior j2;lume acute, 7-nerved. Abortive Jloret without any traces of a superior valve. Perfect floret shorter than the calyx, acute, smooth. Anthers orange. JVectaries oblong;, entire. Hab. In wet meadows, particularly those which are a little brackish. September. 20. P. capillare L.: culm nearly simple sheaths very
hairy ; panicle large, capillary expanding, loose ; spikelet^ on
long peduncles, acuminate, smooth; abortive floret 1-valved.
Syst. veg. 1 06., Wijl d. Spec. I. p. 349. • M ich. Fl. 1. p.
47.. L a ih.- III.. 007. 'Big. BosLi^. 19. PnrshFl. I. p.
67, 'Muiil: Gram. p. 124. J¥ aPU Car. p» 72. P. strigo-
su^ Elliott Sk.\.^.\-26? ,
p;- ^Jibot annual. Cultn erect, 1^2 feet high, sometimes branched at " *, the basel ■ Leaves 4-6 inches long, 2.-4 lines broad, hairy. Sheaths covered with hispid hairs. 'Panicle large and pyra- midal ; branches straight;, refiexed whtft, cid. Sfiikelets^zviiG: Glumes acuminate purple ; the Inlerlor carinate. Abortive floret witho;it a superior valve. PerfiC floret much, shorter than^the calyx, ovatcj smooth and shiniiJg. Hab'. In cuUivated grouijds ; along road sides, &;c.. August— .September. ' • ' ■ ^ • ..^•*^.
■*^>' ,./?. syhaficum^^ cylmbraniihed/at. the bdSe, very slen- •^erj leaves linear. ■ :-.'"{ ^ - •
• ':^AB. In dty woods near New-YoriC. August.
' »;,• 21,, P. longifolium* ; whole plant very srnobth ; culm • compressed, ergcf, ^innple, slender; leaves very long and nar- j-ow; panicle; simple, elongated, racemose; spikelets acumi- nate; abortive floret^ neuter 2-valved. ' '■ ,
fieot perennial. iCulm about 2 feet higli, with' short branches at
the base. Leaves a foot or more in length, very narrow, and
at length involute. Sheaths clasping, somewhat, hairy at the
^throat. Pcnie/e" with few appressed branches. Inferior ^Zwrn^
"^acuminat^, half the length of the superior, which is obscurely
3-nerved. Abortive floret 2-valved ; superior valve shorffer
than the inferior, lanceolate, acuminate, sjibciliate. on the
inargin; inferior valve 5 -nerved, smooth.- Perfect floret much
. shorter than /he calyx. ' ; • - *
Hab/ In the pine barrens of New^Jersey. September — Octo-
■ ber.-,
For spcjtimens of. this very di^ant species of panicum, I am indebted to Mr.~ Jdrhes Goldy, a Scotch botanist who visited this country in/1 8.1.9.
y 49. HIEROCHLOA. Gmelin. 'Pfl/^.2-valved, 3-flowered; glumes scarious. Lat-
i
150 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. hierochloa.
eral Jlorets antheriferous, triandrous. Central Jloret perfect, diandrous (rarely triandrous) Gmel. FL Sib. I. p. 100. R. Brown Prod, I. p. 209. P. de Beauv. Agrost. t. XII. f. 5. Roem. ^ Schult, Gen. 284. Triyi. Agrost. 66. Torresia i?MZ2r. £s? Pav. et P. de B. Holci spp. L, &c. Flowers in ovale, contracted panicles.
1. H. borealis R. ^ S. : panicle subsecund, a little spreading ; peduncles smooth ; florets unarnncd ; inferior valve of the corolla cihate on the margin; root creeping. Roem* <^ Schult, IL p. 6 i 3. Hook. FL Scot. p. 28. H. repens P. de B e auv. HoLCUS borealis S c hr a d. FL Germ. I. p. 252, H. ordoratus L. fV ill d. Spec. IV. 935. Mich. FL
I. p. 56. Big. Bost. p. 245. U.fragrans fVilld. 1. c. p. 930. P ursh FL I. p. 78. Hierochloa fragrans R, ^ S.
II. p. 514.
Root perennial, creeping extensively. Culm a foot and a half higli, erect, simple. Leaves smooth and shining ; the radical ones very long ; those on the culm short, lanceolate, mncmnate. Stifiule membranaceous, lanceolate. Panicle few-flowered, 2-3 inches long, pyramidal, spreading when the flowers are ripe; primary branches single or in pairs ; brancblets flexuous. ^ Sfiikelets very hroad, somewhat cordate, tumid, yellowish brown and purple. Calyx generally a little lunger than the florets; glunries ovate, acuminate, smooth, 3-nerved, purplish towards the base ; the superior one longer. Inferior valve of the anMerf/>rows^o?T^ ovate-oblong, hairy, very villous on the margin, 5-nerved ; the middle nerve produced into a point or short bristle, apex eroded ; superior valve a little longer, lan- ceolate, bifid at the tip. Perfect Jloret resembling the lateral ones in texture; inferior valve oblong, 5-nerved, sides and margin smooth, apex villous ; superior valve as long as the inferior, lanceolate, scabrous on the keel. Hab. In bog-meadows; plentiful near Hackensack, Newark, Sec. New-Jersey. On the island of New-York. May.
A handsome grass, with a very agreeable odour, resembling that of Anthoxanthum odoratum. It is generally called Seneca grass. After a careful comparison of the North- American plant with specimens of H. borealis from Norway and Germany, I cannot discover any characters that will dis- tinguish them.
2. H. alpina R. ^ S. : panicle ovate, contracted; spike- Jets compressed, longer than the branches ; glumes lanceolate, almost nerveless ; lateral florets triandrous ; one of them v^^ith an awn about as long as the valves ; sides almost smooth; mar- gins ciliate. R 0 em. ir S c'hu 1 1. I. p. 515. Holcus a/;?z- nus Wahl. FL L'tpp. p. 3 1 . t. 2. II. moniicola Big do lu.
HiEROCHLOA. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 151
Rooi perennial. Culm about a span high, erect, smooth, firm. Leaves linear-lanceolate, smooth, acute. Sheaths longer than the joints, a little swelling. Panicle about 2 inches long, branches in pairs, thick, smooth, each bearing 2 or 3 spikelets, which are twice the size of those of H. borealis, not tumid, shining and coloured with purple. Calyx with very obscure lateral nerves, semitransparent, rather obtuse. Antheriferous florets slightly hairy under a lens, lacir.iated at the apex; superior valve folded within the inferior, linear-lanceolate, 2-nerved, bifid, with the segments hairy, Awn of the lower floret one third the length of the valves; in the superior one longer than the valves, straight and scabrous. Anthers linear. Nectaries minute, laciniate. Perfect floret with nearly equal valves ; the inferior hairy towards the extremity, which is entire and mucronate ; superior valve lanceolate, entire. Stajntns — Styles filiform, as long as the plumose stigmas, ^ftctaries lanceolate, laciniate. Hab. On the summit of the White Hills of New-Hampshire, 7000 feet above the level of the ocean. June. Big e low.
This interesting grass, a native of the most northern parts of Europe, has hitherto been found in ibis country, only in the loca- lity above given, where it was discovered by Prof. Bigelow and Mr. Francis Booth. To the former of these gentlemen I am indebted for the specimens from which my description was drawn. It appears to differ a little from the H. alpin'us of Wahlenberg, particularly in the lateral florets being triandrous, (not diandroiis.)
50. HOLCUS. L.
Calyx 2-flowerecl; glumes membranaceous, some- what boat-shaped, mucronate. Florets polygamous; the inferior sessile, perfect, unarmed; superior floret antheriferous, or neuter, pedicellate, awned on the back, near the middle. Gen.pl. 1565. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 63. P. de Beauv. t. XVII. f. 10. Roem. ^ ■ Schult. Gen. 3-26. Trin. Agrost. 128. Flowers in contracted panicles. Soft grass.
H. lanatus L. : panicle equal ; florets shorter tlian the calyx, the superior with a recurved awn ; root fibrous. , »^n/ J. Spec, IV. p. 933. M u hi. Gram. ^,11 A, Pursh Fl. I. p. 78.
Moot perennial. Culm a foot and a half high, and with the leaves, covered with a soft hoary pubescence. Leaves flat, broad- linear, acuminate. Stipule short, truncate. Panicle oblong, contracted, partly concealed at the base by the sheath from which it proceeds. Flowers of a whitish appearance. Glumes
152 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. holcos.
hairy and ciliate ; the superior narrower and shorter than the inferior, 3-nerved. Valves of the perfect floret nearly equal, smooth ; the inferior one broader. Antheriftrous floret with the superior valve shorter ; the inferior armed on the back about a third of the way down. Hab. In wet meadows. June. Doubtless introduced from Europe.
51. SETARIA P. deBeauv,
Spikelets surrounded by an involucrum of 2 or more bristles. Calijx 2-flo wered ; glumes unequal , herbace- ous. Inferior floret abortive, 1-2-valved herbaceous. Superior floret perfect, glumes cartilaginous. P. de Beanv. Agrost. p. 51. t. XIII. f. 3. Roem. ^ Sc/iult. Gen. 212. Tr in. Agrost. U^. Penni- SETUM Nutt. Gen. I. p. 54._ Panic i spp. L. In- floresence a compound cylindrical spike.
1 . S. viridis P. de B. : spike cylindrical ; involucrum of 4-10 fasciculate bristles, scabrous upward; spikelets gemi- nate : perfect floret smooth ; sheaths pubescent. Roem. 4^ Schult. II. p. 488. Panicum vinde L. Willd. Spec, 1. p. 335. Pursh FL\.p.G6. M u h I. Gram. ip. 102.
Root annual. Culm a foot and a half or two feet high, simple. JLcat'cs flat, smooth. i?ac/ijs sulcate below the spike. Bristles of the invotucrujn longer than the flowers. Inferior glume 3- nerved ; superior 5-nerved, smooth. Abortive floret 2-valved, neuter; superior valve very minute, bifid. Valves of the perfect floret puncticulate, not rugose.
Hab. In cultivated grounds ; rare. July— August. Introduced from Europe, as are all the following. Wild Timothy.
Bottle Grass.
2. S. glauca P de B. : spike cylindrical ; involucrum of many fascicled bristles, scabrous upward ; perfect floret transversely rugose. R o em. ^r S c hult.W.^. 490. Pani- cum glaucum. L. Willd. Spec. 1. p. 335. Mich. Fl, L p. 4G. Big. Post. ^. \^. Pursh FL].T^.66. Elliott Sk. I. p. 112. MuhL Gram. p. 100. P. alopecuroideum Walt. Car. p. 72.
Root annual. Culm about 2 feet high. Leaves somewhat hairy. Spike 3-4 inches long. Involucrum of from 6 to 10 scabrous bristles, much longer than the spikelets, becoming yellowish when old. Abortive floret 2-valved ; superior valve very mi- nute, bifid. Valves of the perfect floret crossed by undulate wrinkles.
Hab. In fields and cultivated grounds. July— August. Intro- duced. JBottle Grass.
SETARiA. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 153
0. purpurascens : sheaths hairy ; gUimcs and bristles of the involucrum hairy. Elliott SL 1. p, 113. sub Panicum. Panicum No. 4. (anoiiymos.) M u h I. Gram. \). 10\. Set. purpurascens H umb. ^ B o np. et R o e m, <li>' S c hul t. JI. p. 49J. Hab. In Pennsylvania. Mu hie nb erg.
'" 3. S. verticillata P. de B. : spike subverticillate ; bristles of the involucrum 2, retrorsely scabrous ; spikelets sohtary ; corolla of the perfect floret nearly snDoolh. R o e m. ^ Schult. II. p. 488. Panicum verticillatum L. W ill d. Spec. I. p. 334, M u h I. Gram. p. 402. Pursh Fl. I. p. 66. Big. Bost. p. 18.
Hoot annual. Culm a foot and a half high, and with the sheaths. smooth. S/iifce (or rather spiked panicle,) about two inches long, erect; rachis triquetrous, hispid. 5/2 j^e/e?s clustered on short divided branches. Bristles of the involucrum generally purple, about twice the length of the flowers. Calyx smooth ; inferior glume ovate, obtuse. Abortive floret neuter ; superior valve distinct, entire. Hab. In sandy cultivated grounds ; rare. Introduced. Near Boston. Bigelow. Litchfield, Connecticut. Brace. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. July.
4. S. italica P. de B.: spike compound, interrupted at the base, nodding ; spikelets conglomerate ; involucrum many times longer than the flovsrers ; rachis tomentose. R o e m. ^ Schult. II. p. 493. Panicum italicum L, Willd. Spec, I. p. 336. Muhl.Gram.}^.\03. E I Hot t Sk. \. p. 113. Walt. Car. p. 72.
Boot annual, (perennial. E 1 1.) Culm about 4 feet high, erect> somewhat compressed. Leaves 1 — 2 feet long, about an inch broad, scabrous above. Sheaths a little scabrous, hairy at the throat. Panicle 6 — 8 inches long, with the fasciculi of flowers at the base a little remote. Involucrum of 2 bristles 4 — 6 times longer than the flowers. Glumes unequal, the inferior ovate, very acute ; superior 5-nerved. Abortive floret 1-valved, as long as the calyx. Perfect floret ovate, obtuse, smooth. Hab. Along ditches near Hoboken, New-Jersey. July— Au- gust.
52. DIGTTARIA. Halltr.
Spikes linear, unilateral, generally digitate or fascicu- late. Spikelets in pairs on short bifid pedicels. Calt/x 1 — 2-valved, 2-flowered; inferior glume often inconspi- cuous, hiferior Jioret abortive, 1-valved, herbaceous. Superior Jioret perfect; valves coriaceous. P, de Beaiiv. Agrost. p. 50. t. X. f. 12. Pers. Syn. I. 20
f54 TRfANDRIA. DIGYiMA. dioitaria,
p. 84. JVutt. Gen. I. p. 58. Juss.ip.29. Roem. ^ Schitlt. Gen. 266. Vanici spp. L. Trin. &c. Syi^thekisma Walt. Car. p. 76. Crab-grass,
Crop-grass^
1. D. sangninalis S c op. : spikes- namerous, fasciculate, a little spreading ; leaves and sheaths somewhat hairy ; spike- lets oblong ; florets pubescent on the margin. P er s. Syn. I, p. 84. Mich. Fl.l.'p. 45, Pursh FL\.Tp.e9. Muhl. Gram. I. p. 120. Elliott Sk. I. p. 121. Panicum san- guinale L. Will d. Spec. I. p. 342. Eng. Bot. t. 849. B i g. Bost. p. 19. Syntherisma joraecox W alt. Car. p. 76.
Root annual. Culm 1 — 2 feet long, decumbent or assurgent, root- ing at the lower joints. Leaves hairy, often undulate on the margin. Sfiikes 4—6, rarely more. Rachis flexuous. Sfiikelett- in pairs, arrariged in two rows, on short peduncles, closely ap- pressed to the rachis J inferior fioret almost sessile. Inferior glume almost wanting; superior glume lanceolate, acute,^ scarcely half the length of the flowers. Abortive floret without any traces of a superior valve; margin distinctly hairy. Per- fect floret smooth.
Hab. In cultivated grounds, sandy fields &c, ; very common. August — October. Crab-grass.
2. D. glabra R. ^r S. : spikes digitate, subalternate. (3 — 4.) spreading ; leaves and sheaths smooth ; spikelets ovate, crovird- ed ; calyx equal to the abortive floret, both hairy. Ro em, ^ Schult. II. p. 471. D. humifusa Pers. Syn. I. p. 45. D. Ischaemum Schreb. Muhl. Gram. p. 121. D. pas- paloiUs M I c h. PL 1. p. 46. Pursh FL 1. p. 70. R. ^ S, 11, p. 472. Panicum glahrum Gaud.
Root annual. Culm generally decumbent, rarely rooting at the joints, about a foot long; joints smooth. Leaves short, flat, sometimes with a few scattered hairs on the upper surface. Spikes seldom more than 3, about two inches long, much spreading. Calyx of oha glume, (inferior glume wholly want- ing,) villose. Valve of the abortive floret 5 -nerved, hairy, but less so than the calyx. Perfect floret acute, smooth, finely striate.
Hab. In sandy fields; common near New-York. In Penn- sylvania. Muhlenberg. August*— September.
This species very much resembles the precediug, but is easily distinguished by the characters given al>ove. I have com- pared the^ North-American plant with specimens from Swe- den and Germany, and find them to agree in every respect. Mr. Elliot t refers the D. fiasfialodes of Mic/iauxj to his Milium fiasfialodes, which is the M. distichum of Mu hie n be rg.
i
DiGiTARiA. TRIANDRiA. DIGYNIA. 155
3. D. serotina Mich. : decumbent ; leaves and sheaths very pubescent; spikes numerous, setaceous; spikelets all pedicellate ; inferior glume very minute. M i c h. Fl. I. p. 46. Pursh Fl. 1.70. Muhl. Gram. p. 130. T>. vi/losa Elliot t Sk. I. p. 132. Syhtherisma serothia Wait. Car, p. 77. Paspalus serotinus F lug g.? Re em* 4^ S chult, II. p. 305.
Root perennial, creeping. Cubn 12 — 13 inches long, terete, hairy at the joints, covering with a thick carpet the ground which it occupies. Leaves linear- lanceolate, thin, and, with the sheaths, very villous. Spikes 2 — 3 inches long. Interior ^/z^we" scarcely one fourth the size of the superior, hairy along the margin. Elliott.
Hab. In New-Yoi4i. Muhlenberg. +
4. D.Jiiifomiis Ell.: culm erect, filiform^ Jeaves soine- what glabrous ; spikes 2 — 4, filiform erect; spikelets in threes, all pedicellate ; calyx 1-valved, as long as the abortive floret, p-ubescent. Elliott Sk. 1. p. 132. MuhL Grnnu p. 131. D.pilosa M i c h. FL I. p. 45 ? Pu rsh Fl. 1. p. 69. PANicvyi Jlliforme L. iV i 1 1 d. Spec. L p. 360. Paspalus JUiformis Flugg. Roem. <^ S chult, J J. p. 304.
Hoot annual. Cuhn erect, simple, a foot ov 18 inches high ; joints smooth. Leaves short, narrow-lanceolate, smooth beneath, a little hairy above. Lower sheaths hairy. Spikes generally 2, rarely 3 or 4 ; rachis flexuous and very narrow. Pedicel bearing 2 or 3 spikelets, divided to the base. Glume acute, 3-nerved. Abortive f-oret, l-valved, 5-nerved, as long as the perfect jioret, which is smooth and finely striate.
Has. In dry gravelly soils, and in sandy woods. August. It frequently occurs only with a single spike.
53. ANDROPOGON. L.
Flowers spiked. Spikelets in paii^, polygamous; the inferior one abortive ^ (antheriferous or neuter,) on a bearded pedicel; glumes and corolla frequently very- minute or wanting. Superior spikelet sessile, 1-flovver- Qd^ perfect; glumes subcoriaceous; corolla 2-valved, shorter than the calyx, membranaceous; the inferior valve generally awned. Gen.pl. 1566. JVutt. Gen. I. p. 160. Juss. p. 30. Roem.^ S chult. Gen. 379. P. de Beauv. t. XXIII. f. 24 Trin. Agrost. 159. Anatherum, and Cymbopogon P. de B. Pol LIN I A Sprengel. Beard-grass.
156 TKIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. andropocjon.
1. A. scopariwn M i c h. : spikes simple, lateral and ter- minal, pedunculate, in pairs ; rachis hairy ; abortive floret neu- tral; valves awued. M i c h. Fl. I. p. 57. P urs h FL I. p. 74. Elliott Sk. 1. p. 146. A. purpurascens J\I iih I. Gram. p. 282. fVilld. Spec. IV. p. 913. Pollinia scoparia Spreng. pug. 11. p. 13. R o e m. i^ S c hull. II. p. 832. Root perennial. Culm about 3 feet high, erect, with lateral scattered branches the whole length. Leaves linear, flat, a little hairy, and somewhat glaucous. Lower sheaths hairy. Sfiikes 2 or 3 proceeding from each sheath, simple, consisting ofaflexuous, articulate, compressed racA/«,on which the flowers are arranged in a distichous manner. Spikelets alternate ; abortive one terminating a compressed villous pedicel. Calyx unequal, scabrous on the keel ; inferior glume distinctly awned. Corolla 2-valved, membranaceous Glumes of the perfect Jloiver very much acuminated, serrulate on the keel ; the in- ferior one bifid. Corolla nearly equal ; valves purple ; the inferior deeply parted, with a twisted awn three or four times its length between the divisions ; margin hairy. Stamens 3. Stigmas 2, plumose. Seed linear-oblong. Hab. In dry barren and rocky soils. August. Broom-grass.
2. A. virginlcnm L ? : culm compressed ; superior leaves and slicaths smooth ; spikes short, 2 — 3 from each sheath, partly concealed at the base ; rachis subterete ; abortive flower a mere pedicel without valves ; perfect flower monandrous ; awn straight. Sp. pi. 1482. W ill d. Spec. IV. p. 916, Muhl. Gram. p. 277. P ur s h FLl. ip. 275. A. dissiti- fiorum Mich. Fl.\.^. 57. E I lio 1 1 Sk. I. ^. 159. IV ill d, l.c.p.9l4. Pursh\.c. Roem. <^ Schult.U. p.SM. Anatherum virginicum S p r e n g. pug. II. p. R. ^ S. II. p. 809. CiNN A lateralis W a 1 1. Car. p. 59.
Boot perennial. Cul7?i 3 feet high, somewhat cespitose at the base, with remote short branches towards the top. Leaves a foot or more in length ; the lower ones very hairy on the mar- gins and upper surface. Fascicles of Sj^i^-es partly concealed in a proper sheath ; rachis pilose. Peduncle of the abortive Jloret as long as the perfect flower. Valves of the fier/eci /lower very acute ; the inferior with an awn nearly an inch in length. .Anther linear, yellow. Seed oblong. ilAB. In exsiccated swamps, 8cc. September.
3. A. macrourum Mich.: spikes fasciculate, in dense
lateral and terminal fastigiate panicles ; flowers monandrous;
awn straight ; abortive floret without valves. Mich. Fl. I.
p. 75. Willd. Spec. IV. p. 916. MuhL Gram. p. 278.
Elliott Sk. I. p. 150. Ro em. ^ Schult. II. p. 817.
Root perennial. Culm 3 feet high, much branched towards the
top. -Leaf es scabrous on the margin. Sheaths hviwy. Sfiikes
in large clustered panicles, mostly on the upper part of the
ANDROPOGON. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 157
culm, generally 3 or 4 proceeding out of each lanceolate compressed sheath, in which ihey are partly concealed ; rachis filiform, very hairy. Abortive Jloiver a mere pedicel or con- tinuation of the rachis. Glumes of the f^erfect Jlomer serrulate on the keel and margins. Corolla hairy, membranaceous; a<wn never twisted. Anther yellow. Hab. In swamps ; particularly those which are brackish. Abund- ant in the pine barrens of New-Jersey, and in the Hackensack meadows. September — October.
4. A. furcntum MnhL: spikes digitate," generally by fours; abortive flower stameniferous, awnless, resembling the perfect one, the awn of which is subcontorted. M n h L Gram. p. 231. W il I d. SpecAW y. 9\9. P u r s h Fl. \. jf. 75. Elliott Sk. I. p. 150. Roem. ^ Schult. II. p. 821.
Root perennial. Culm about 4 feet high. Leaves flat; those about the root very long. Sheathn smooth. Sfiilcfs terminal, 3 — 4, ab(jut three inches long ; rachis thick. Abortive fioiuer compressed, on a short thick pedicel half the length cf the valves. Calyx with nearly equal glumes, scabrous, brownish. Corolla 2-valved, membranaceous, hairy. Glumen oi the perfect Jloiver unequal, mucronate. Corolla 2-valved with a rudiment of a l-valved abortive floret; inferior valve bifid, with an awn three times its length between the divisions ; superior valve miiuite, ciliate ; valves of the abortive floret lanceolate, awnless, shorter than the calyx. Stamens 3; anthers yellow. Stijlt short. Seed oblong, brown, with a lateral adnate scale near the base. Hab. In rocky situations ; particularly along rivers. August- September.
This species belongs to the genus PolliniaI of Sprengel, which has been separated from Andropogon by this learned botanist. In the structure of its flowers it strongly resembles the A. purfiurascens.
5. A. nutans L. : panicle oblong, branched, nodding ; spikelets by pairs; calyx hairy, rufescent; awn contorted. Sp. pL 1480. Willd. Spec. IV. p. 906. Pursh Fl.\. p. 74. Big. Bosf. p. 245. M uh I. Gram.\*. 'iM. Elliott SkA. p. 144. Roem, ^ Schult. II. p. 812. A. avejia- ceum Mich. Fl. I. p. 58. Wi lid. \. c. p. 907. R. S^ S. II. p. 313.
Root perennial. Culm 3 — 6 feet high, simple. Leaves a foot or more long, half an inch broad, naked, glaucous, Stijiule membranaceous. Panicle at first erect, but at length nodding.
\ PoiLiNiA. Valvula calycina uniflora, bivalvis, basi pilosa, aristata masc. et hermaphrod. conformes, ilia pedicellata, haec sessilis.— Ab andho- poGOKB ob aristam flosculorum masculorum diversum. Sp reng. pvg. I[ p. 10.
158 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. andropogon.
jidortive flower a. mere rudiment without valves. Glumes ot the fier/ect flower equal, almost cartilaginous, clothed with long hairs, thickened at the summit. Corolla much shorter than the calyx, hairy; inferior valve bifid, awned below the division; awn. much contorted and bent obliquely. Stamens -T; anthers yellow, (opening at the summit. Ell.) ^eed oblong. IIab. in dry sandy fields, and on rocky hills. September- October. '
54. HORDEUM. L.
Spikelets 3 at each joint of the rachis^ 1-flowered, all perfect, or the lateral ones abortive. Glumes (involu- crum Trin. &.c.) lateral, subulate. Perfect flower: Corolla 2-\di\wfidi; inferior valve terminating in a bristle, ^m/ coated. Sp. pL 129. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 87. P. de Beaiiv. t. XXI. f. 1, 2. Roem. Of Schult. Gen. 361. Trin. Agrost. 48. Habit very much resembling that of El y m u s. Barley.
U.jubatum L. : lateral flowers abortive, neuter ; bristles
of the calyx and corolla 6 times as long as the flowers. Sp.
pi. p. 12G. Willd. Spec. I. p. 476, (excl. syn. Schreb.
et Buxb.) Ait. Kezv. 1. p. 180. Big. Bost. p. 28.
Pursh'FL I. p. 89. R o tm. ^ S c hul U II. p. 792. Root biennial. Culm two feet high, slender, simple. Leaves 4 — 6 inches long, 3 lines broad, and, as well as the sheaths, smooth. Stifiule short, ovate. Sfiikes about 2 inches long; rachis slender; joints short, compressed, ciliate, deciduous. S/iikelets aggregated in threes. Abortive flowers shortly stipi- tate. Calyx consisting of 2 slender bristles two inches in length. Corolla 1-vaIved, with a short bristle at the tip. Glumes of the fierfect flower approximate at the base, a little longer than those of the lateral flowers. Corolla (calyx Tr i n.) 2-valved ; Inferior valve lanceolate, obscurely 3-nerved, terminating in a very long bristle; superior valve shorter, acute, entire, with a groove on the back, in which is lodged a short slender bristle, perhaps the rudiment of an abortive floret. Stamens 3; ara^Aers oblong, yellow. Germen villous; styles very short ; stigmas compound. Hab. In marshes near Boston, Massachusetts. Bigelovf. Resembles H. murinum, which has shorter bristles, and the glumes of the perfect flower ciliate. It is a species of Zeocritov, according to the system oi P. de Beauv oi s.
HOLosTEUM. TRIANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. 159
ORDER IIL TRIGYNIA.
99. HoLOSTEUM. 101. Lechea.
100. MOLLUGO. 102. PROSERPINACA.
99. HOLOSTEUM. L.
Cait/x 5-leaved, coloured within. Petals 5, 2-parted.
Capsule 1-celled, bursting at the summit. Gen.pl. 136.
Nutt. Gen. I. p. 89. Juss. p. 299. Roem. ^
Schult. Gen. 391. Lam. III. t. LI. f. L Gaert.
fruct. t. 130. Nat. Ord. Caryophylleae Juss.
H. succulcntum L.: leaves elliptic, fleshy. Amoen. acad. III. p. 21. Willd. Spec. I. p. 489. Pursh Fl. I. 90. excl. syn. Wa 1 1. Alsine foliis ellipticis succulentis. Cold. Noveborac. 9.t
Hab. In Coldenham, New-York. C olden.
This is an exceedingly doubtful plant. It is supposed by J^fu 1 1 all to be the Arenaria peploides of our sea-coast ; but this cannot be the case if the synonym oi C o I d e n is cor- rect, as the detailed description below will prove. I have always been of ojiinion, that this long-lost species is nothing more than the Stellaria media, in which the flowers are fre- quently triandrous, and the leaves a little fleshy. In the Muhlen- bergian Herbarium there is a specimen labelled Holospeum, without a specific name, which is certaily S. media. Wal- ter's PoLYCARPON uniJlorum,\ which Pursh refers to Ho- LosTEUM succulcntum, appears lo be quite a different plant ; perhaps Sesuvium fiedunculatum.
100. MOLLUGO. L.
Calyx 5-leaved, coloured within. Corolla 0. Ca/»- 5m/^ 3-celled, 3-valved. Gen. pi. 139. Nutt. Gen.
f Cal. Perianthium pentaphyllum : foliolis ovato-lanceolatis, perslsten- tibus. Cor. Petala quinque, calyce minora, ad unguem bifida. Stam. Filamenta tria, corolla breviora, inter divaricationes stigmatis assurgentia. Antherce globulares, magnae, rubentes. Pist. Germen ovatum. Stylus brevissimus. Stigma trifidum ; ramulis horizontaliter reflexis, et inter se angulos xquales perficierytibus. Peh. Capsula conica, unilocularis. Sem.
plurima, globularia Folia bina opposita, obverse elliptica, Integra, glabra,
Bucculenta. Cai^fts repens. Obs. Haec planta facillime stamina dejiclt; sed niinquam plura quam tria observavi.
* P. unijlorum : foliis succulentis ellipticis humisparsis, pedunculis ia- teralibus unifloriis. Walt. Cdr. p. 83.
160 TRIANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. molluqo.
I. 90. Juss. p. 300. Roem. ^ Schult. Geru 396. Lam. IlL t. LII. Nat. Ord. Caryophyl- LEAE Juss. Indian Chickweed.
M. verticillafa L. : leaves verticillate, cuneiform, acute ; stem branched, depressed; peduncles 1 -flowered. W ill d. Spec. 1. p. 492. Mich. FL I. p. 77. Big. Bost. p. 29. Pursh'Fl.i. p. 92. Elliott Sk. I. p. 183. Walt. Car. p. 83. G r o n. Virg. 14. Roem, ^ Schult. II. p. 871. Alsine 5'^ergM/a, &c. Pluk. Mant. i. ZZ'2. i. A. (bona.)
i^o&f finnual. Stem branching, appressed to the earth, and ex- tenrliiig in a circular manner from 6 to 18 inches in diameter; branches ciichotomous. Leaves in about sixes, varying from ciineate to spatuiate. Peduncles axillary, much shorter than the leaves. Calyx with oblong 3-nerved leaves, shorter than the capsule, white within. Stamens 3, larger than the ger- men; aM?/ifrs subglobose. Ca/zsu/e ovate, somewhat 3-lobed, roughened by little eminences from the protrusion of the en- closed seeds.
Hab. In cultivated grounds and in sandy fields ; very common. July — September.
101. LECHEA. L.
Calyx 3-leaved. Petals 3. Styles 0; stigmas 3, plumose. Capsule S-ctlled, 3-valved, with as many interior valves opposite the others; cells 1-seeded. Gen. pi 142. Xu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 90. Ju s s. p. 303. Boem.b" Schult. Gf^ti. 393. Lam. ///. t. L. Sta- mens sometimes more than 3.
1. L. major L. ; plant hirsute on every part; leaves oblont^-lanceolate, mucronate ; panicle leafy, pyramidal ; branches flovvering towards their extremities ; flowers in fasci- culate racemes, secund, on short pedicels. Jimoen. acad. III. p. 11. t. 4. f. I. fVilld.Spec.4'Jo. Mich. Fl. I. 1^.76, Big. Bost. ^.'29. Pursh Fl.l.ip. 9\. Walt,Car,ip. 83. Lam. III. 1. c. f. 2. L. villosa. Elliott Sk. I. p. 184.
Boot perennial. Stem erect, about a foot high, shooting out ra- dical prostrate branches. Leaves sometimes quite villous. Flowers about the size of a mustard seed and very numerous, oblong, seldom expanding, each with 2 -lanceolate bracts at the base. Petals linear. Stamens 3 — 9. Seeds ovate, acute.
Hab. In sandy woods and on dry hills ; common. August.
2. L. minor L,: whole plant nearly glabrous ^ stem as- surgent; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute; panicle leafy;
LECHEA. TRIANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. 161
branches elongated ; flowers on short pedicels. Jlmoen. acad. III. p. 10. t. 1. f. 4. JVilld,Spec,l.p,4d5. PurshFl. I. p. 91. Big, host. p. 12. Lam. IlL\.c.L\. Walt, Car. p. 83. Roem. ^ Schult. II. p. 859. Capraria foUis i.ntegerrimis C I ay t. Virg. 75.
Root perennial. Stem very slender, branched, about 8 inches high, covered with minute adpressed hairs. Leaves slightly ciiiate. Flowers twice as large as in the preceding species.
Hab. In dry woods, See. August — September.
3. L. raccnmlosa Mich.: plant covered with an ad- pressed pubescence; stem erect, with slender, paniculate branches above; leaves linear, acute, cihate ; flowers ra- ther remote, alternate ; racemes naked. M i c h, Fl. \. 77. P M r s A F/. I. p. 9 1 . Poir. Enc. Meth. III. p. 3^0. Roem. (^ Schult. II. p. 860.
Hab. In sandy fields ; New-Jersey to Carolina. Pursh. + I suspect this plant is not distinct from the preceding species.
A. L. thymifolia Ph.: whitish villose on every part; stem erect; leaves linear, acute; panicle leafy, elongated; branches short; flowers small, in lateral and terminal fascicles ; pedicels very short. Pursh Fl. 1. p. 91. Mich. Fl. L p. 77. Roem. ir Schult. II. p. 859.
Rooc perennial. Stem firm and erect, whh numerous, somewh'St spreading, branches, which are sometimes subverticillate. Leaves linear, or linear-lanceolate, sessile, with a villous tuft at their insertion ; margin revolute. Flowers about as large as in L. major.
Hab. On the sandy sea-coast of Long-Island. August.
102. PROSERPINACA. L.
Calyx superior, 3 -parted, persistent. Corolla 0. Xut triquetrous, bony, 3-ceiled. Gen. pi. 134. JVutL Gen. I. p. 91. Juss. p. 68. Gaert. fruct. I. p. 115. t. 24. Lam. III. t. 30. Roem. 8f Schult. Gen. 401. Nat. Ord. Onagri Juss. Halora- G E AE Ji. B r own.
1 . P. palustris L. : leaves linear-lanceolate, serrate ; the lower ones pinnatiiid. jJct. Ups. 1741. p. 81. JVilld, Spec. I. p. 488. Lam. III. 1. p. 514. Mich. Fl. I. p. 7G. Pursh Fl.l.ip.d2. Big. Bost. p. 30. Elliott Sk.]. p. 81. fValt. Car. p. 84.
Root perennial, creeping. Stein generally partly submerged, about a foot high, of dark reddish colour, a little branched. 21
162 TRIANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. pRosERPiNACAi
Leaves alternate, sessile, about 2 inches long, very acutely serrate, attenuated at the base, smooth ; the lower or sub- merged ones pinnatifid, with linear divisions. Fioivers axil- lary, solitary or aggregated, (2—4,) oblong, triangular. Calyx with 3 lanceolate spreading segments. Stamens included. Styles 0 ; stigmas 3 ; pubescent, spreading. Nut very acutely triangular, with the sides broadly cordate. Hab. In ditches and on the borders of ponds, &c. July- August.
2. P. pectinacea L a m. : leaves all pectinatelypinnatifid. Lam. III. I. p. 214. t. 50. f. 1. Pursk FU I. p. 92. Elliott SA:. I. p. 192. Roetn. ir Schult. II. p. 874. P. palustris ^. Mich. Fl. I. p. 76.
Root perennial. Stem about as high as in the preceding species.
Leaves handsomely pectinated, with very narrow divisions.
Cafisules with the angles rather obtuse, rugose when mature. Hab. Sandy swamps in the pine barrens of New-Jersey. In
Pennsylvania. Afu A /<?n A er 5-. August.
The P- fiectinacea is made a variety of fialustris by Mi-
ehauar, but I think, with Furshj that it is a distinct spe->
dcs.
CLASS IV.
T E T R A N D R I A,
ORDER I.
MONOGYNIA
A. Flowers superiov. t. Monopetalous,
103. Cephalanthus. 108. Hedyotis,
104. DiPSACUS. 109. HOUSTONIA.
105. Galium. 110. Mitchella*
106. SpERMACOCE. 111. LiNNAEA.
107. DioDiA. 112a Sanguisoeba^
tt. Polypetalous.
113. CORNUS. 114. LuDWiGIA.
ttt. Apetalous,
115. ISNARDIA.
B. Flowers inferior^ 1. Monopetalous,
116. PlANTAGO. 119. SWERTIA,
117. Bartonia. 120. Fraseha.
118. Exacum.- 121. Obolaria.
tt. ^-petalle^, 122. Ammannia. 123. Ptelea.
ttt. Apetalous, 124. RiviNA. 125. Alchemilla.
126. Symplocarpus.
103. CEPHALANTHUS. L.
Common calyx 0; proper minute, angular, 4-cleft. Corolla tubular, slender, 4-cleft. Style much exserted ; stigma ,^lobose. Capsule 2-celledi 2-seeded, (mostlj;
164 TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. cepiialanthus,
2-partiIe.) Receptacle globose, liairy. Gen. pi. 147. Nutt. Gen. 1. p. 92. Juss. p. 209. Lam. III. X. LIX. Roem. b' Schult. Gen. 428. Nat. Ord. RuBiACEAE Juss. Flowcrs in globose heads. But-
ton-biish.
C. occidenlalis L. : leaves opposite or lernate. IV Hid. Sjoec. 1. p. 543. Mick. Fl.\.^.Ql. Pursh Fl.\.p.l\A. Big. Bost. p. 33. Elliott SA:. 1. p. 186. Wall, Car, p. 84. Roem. ^ Schult. \\\. ^. \0i. G r on. Virg. id. Cold, Novth. 12. ScABiosA dendroides, &c. P tuk. Aim. 336. t. 77. f. 4. C mala. J
A sAruA 4 or 5 feel high, considerably branched, with li^ht sponiry wood and smooth bark. Lcavirs ovate -oblong;, acu- minata;, petiolate, generally opposite, smooth. Heads of fl.jwers about an inch in diameter, standing: on long peduncles at the extremity of the branches. Calyx very minute; seg- ments ovate, obtuse. Corolla white, ab ut half an inch I'-ng, dilated towards the extremity so as to be a little infundibnli- form, hairy witiiin, smooth externally; segments obtuse. Fila- ments inserted into the tube of the corolla near the middle ; anthers oblong, acute. Style filiform, nearly as long again as the corolla. Cafisule anguiar, 2-celled ; (4-ceUed, not open- ing. IVilld. PcricarfiO; se^rf solitary. Linn. 8cc.)"cplls semibivalve ; exterior valve anvjular, indurated ; interior flat and flexile. Seed solitary, sheathed at the top with a suberose callus." M'u 1 1.
Hab. In swamps, and in thickets on the borders of ponds and rivers. July — August.
104. DIPSACUS. L.
Flowers in an ovate or roundish capitulum. — Com- vion calyx (involucrum) many-leaved, fohaceous; y&^o- per superior, of one leaf. Corolla tubular, 4-cleft. Seed solitary. Receptacle conic, paleaceous. Pappus cyathiform. Gen. pi. 148. Nii 1 1. Gen. I. p. 92. Juss. p. 194. Lam. III. t. LVI. Roein. ^ Schult. Gen. 4>05. Nat. Ord. Dipsaceae /z/5.y.
Teasel.
D. sylveslris L. : leaves rarely connate ; scales of the receptacle straight; involucrum curved upward. IV H I d. Spec. I. p. 544. Pursh Ft. I. p. 96, Eng. Bot. 1031. Roem.<^ Schult. III. p. 42.
Root biennial. Stem 3 — 4 feet high, angular and prickly. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, opposite, sinuately serrate. Heads of flowers
uiFSAcus. TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. IGI,
oval, pedunculate, generally terminal, pale blue, or nearly white. Scales of the receptacle longer than the ilovvers. Hab. In old fields on the Island of New-York ; rare. July. On the edges of fields and on water sides ; Pennsylvania to Virginia. Purs/i. Doubtless introduced from Europe.
105. GALIUM. L. Calyx 4-toothcd. Corolla monopetalous, rotate, 4..cleft. Seeds 2, globose. Gm. pL 162. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 93. Juss. p. 196. Lam. III. t. LX. Roem. £if Scliult. Gen.A^l. Nat. Orel. Rubiaceae Juss. Leaves verticillate. Bed-straw. Cleavers.
* Fruit smooth.
1. G. verum L.: leaves about 8 in a whorl, linear, grooved, scabrous ; flowers in dense panicles. W Hid. Spec. J. p. 590. Eng. Bot 660. Big. Bost. p. 36. Rotnu cfr Schult. III. p. 233.
Root perennial. Stem erect, branched, slender, pubescent.
Leaves reflected downward, scabrous; margin involute.
Flowers yellow. Hab. In dry open pastures, near Boston. Digelonv. June —
July. Introduced.
2. G. trijidum L. : stem procumbent, scabrous down- ward ; leaves linear, obtuse, scabrous of the margin and mid- rib ; those of the stem in fives; of the branches in fours; flowers in terminal fascicles, pedicels short ; corolla generally 3.cleft. Willd. Spec. I. p. 585. Pursh Ft. I. p. 108. Elliott Sk. I. p. 1 94. Wal t. Car. p. 86. R o t vu cfr Schult. III. p. 220. G. Clayioni J\I i c h. Fl. 1. p. 78.
Root perennial. Stem procumbent and assurgent, quadrangular, much branched ; the angles roughened by minute, reflexed prickles. Leaves generally about 4 in a M-liorl ; sometimes those on the stem are in fives ; broadly linear. Flowers in threes, white, minute; pedicels slender, spreading. Calyx very minute ; teeth obtuse. Segments of the corolla 3, (rarely 4,) obtuse. Stamens shorter than the corolla; a?i(/u'?-s dk])- mous, oblong. Style as long as the stamens, bifid ; srig^mus globose.
Hab. In low wet places; very common. .Tune — August.
^. lalifolium : leaves obovatu-cuncatc.
IIab. In similar situations with tiie preceding.
This species is also a native of iJenmaik and Sweden. It strongly resembles G. /lalustrc.
166 TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. galicm.
3. G. tlnctorium L. : stem diffuse, smoothish ; leaves linear, somewhat acute ; slightly scabrous ; those of the stem in sixes ; of the branches in fours ; peduncles elongated, mostly 3-flowered. Sp. pi. 153. fViUd. Spec, I. p. 586. Pursh Fl. I. p. 102. Big, Bost. p. 36? R o e m, ^ Schult, III. p. 222.
Hoot perennial. Stem about a foot high, weak, generally erect j branches short. Leaves about three fourths of an inch long, and about a line broad. Flowers as in the preceding species, but the corolla is generally 4-cleft.
Hab. In low grounds, among thickets. July.
I believe this is nothing more than a variety of G. trifidum. The cauline leaves, with us, seldom occur more than five in a whorl. According to Ka I m the roots are used by the Indians for dying a red colour.
4. G. asprellum Mich. : stems diffuse, much branched, jretrorsely aculeate ; leaves in fives and sixes, lanceolate, acu- minate, aculeate on the nerves and margin ; pedicels short. J\I i c h. Fl, I. p. 78. Pursh Fl, I. p. 103. B i g. Bost. p. 36. i^oem. (^ Sc Am n. III. p. 222.
Root perennial. Stem a foot and a half or two feet in height, covered with conspicuous prickles, slender, generally supported by the plants around it, very leafy. Stem leaves in fives and sixes ; those on the branches often in fours, about half an inch long, much acuminate. Flowers mostly situated on the upper part of the stem, ternate, or in pairs. Corolla white.
Hab. In shady swampy places ; more rare than No. 2. June-=- July.
* * Fruit hisfiid.
5. G, Sparine L. : leaves 6 or 8 in a whorl, obovate.- Janceolate, hispid above ; margin and keel prickly ; stem flac- cid, retrorsely aculeate ; fruit with uncinate bristles. W Hid. Spec. I. p. 597. Pursh Fl, I. p. 1 03. B i g. Bost. p. 37. Eng. Bot. t. 816. Roem. <S^ So hull. 111. p. 257.
Root annual. Stem 3 or 4 feet long, procumbent or supported by other plants ; branches short. Whorls remote. Leaves about an inch long, mucronate, tapering towards the base. Flowers on axillary and terminal elongated pedicels. Corolla white. Fruit covered with white hooked bristles, by which it adheres to the coats of animals, and is thus dispersed.
Hab. In moist thickets ; common. May — June.
6. G. brachiatum Ph. : stem flaccid, elongated, brachiate- ramose, hispid ; branches short; leaves in sixes, oblong-lanceo- late, acuminate, smooth ; margin and keel setaceously ciliate ; floriferous branches larger than the whorls, divaricate and
GALIUM. TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA, 167
dichotomous ; pedicels 2-flowered ; fruit with uncinate bris- tles. Pursh Fl.],^, 103. R o em, ^ S c hul t, lU. ^.
248.
Hab. In meadows and on the edges of woods ; frequent. New- England to Virginia. June — August. Pursh.
This species I have never seen, unless I have mistaken it for a variety of G. Afiarine^ from which, by the description, it ap- pears to diifer but little.
7. G. micranthum Ph. : stem much branched, divaricate,- retrorsely aculeate ; leaves short, lanceolate, mucronate, smooth ; margin and keel aculeate ; flowering branches diva- ricate; pedicels 2-flowered. Pwr s A jT/. I. p. 103. Roem. ^ Schult. III. p. 248.
Root perennial. Floivera white, very numerous and exceedingly small. It produces generally but one seed. Ph.
Hab. In monntain swamps ; Canada to New-York. July. Re- sembles G. uliginosum very much. Put s h. With this spe- cies I am unacquainted.
8. G. iriflorum Mich.: stem procumbent, smoolhishj leaves in fives and sixes, obovate-lanceolate, mucronate, smooth, scarcely ciliate on the margin 5 floriferous branches elongated, 3-flowcred at the extremity ; flowers pedicellate j fruit small, hispid. Mich. Fl. 1. p. 80. Pursh Fl. I. p. 104. Elliott Sk. \. Tp. \97. R 0 em. ^ S chulU III. p. 256. Willd h.Berol. I. t. 66. G. cuspidatum Muhl.Cat.^.ld.kHerb. Elliott Ic.
Hoot perennial. Stem weak, generally procumbent, 3 — 5 feet long, with few short branches ; angles a little aculeate. Leaves membranaceous, attenuated at the base, with a sharp abrupt point ; smooth, except on the margin and keel, which are a little roughened by minute prickles. Flowering branches axillary and terminal, trichotomous. Corolla white ; segments semi- ovate, acuminate. Fruit clothed vVith hooked bristles.
Hab. In moist shady thickets ; not rare. July — August. Nearly allied to G. suaveolena of IV a hlenber g.
9. G. pilosnm A it.: stem nearly simple, elongated, as- scending, with remote joints, hispid ; leaves in fours, oval, mucronate, very hairy on every part, nerveless ; flowering branches elongated, nearly simple, 3-flowered at the extre- mity ; fruit hairy. A it. Kew. ed. 1. I. p. 45. Willd* %c. I. p. 599. P Mrs A F/. I. p. 104. Elliott Sk.L p. 196. Poem. & Sc/tw^f. III. p. 260.
Root perennial. Stem about a foot high, acutely quadrangular, sparingly branched, almost hispidly pilose ; branches rather Short, expanding. Leaves subovate or oval, obtuse, about an inch.
ICO TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. gal
IV M.
long, with pellucid dots, covered on every part, like the stem? Hvith short, rather stift" hairs, indistinctly mucronate at the tip j under side marked with the prominent midrib, ard with 2 ob- scure lateral nerves. Peduncles axillary, forked ; each division bearing 3-flowers on short footstalks. Corolla purple; seg ments acute. Fruit covered with uncinate bristles. Hau. In dry woods ; rarely in meadows ; not common. July- August. Resembles the G. rotunclifolium of Europe.
Muhlenberg and Elliott refer to this species the G. puncticulosum-f of Alic h aux, while Purs/i makes it a variety of his G. bermudianum. It is also considered by El- liott as synonymous wiiii G. purfiureum Wa 1 1. which is de- scribed with the leaves smooth. I have not the means of re- moving this confusion.
10. G. circaezans M i ch. : stem erect, smooth; leaves in lours, oval, obtuse, smooth; margin and nerves cihate ; peduncles divaricate, few-flowered ; flowers remote, subses- sile ; fruit nodding, with hooked bristles, Mich. Fl. I. p. 80. Pursh Fl.l.ip. 10^, Elliott Sk.].Tp. \d7. G. circceoides Roem. ii Schult. HI. p. 256. G. brachiatum M uhl. Cat. p. 15. Big, Bosl. p. 37. G. borcale Walt. Car. p. 87. Aparine foliis quaternis, &c. G ron. virg. 16.
.Root perennial. Stem a foot high, branched at the base, acutely quadrangular, smooth or slightly pubescent on the angles. Leaves an inch and a half long and half an inch broad, almost exactly oval, obtuse, with a few appressed hairs on the upper surface, distincly 3-nerved. Peduncles nearly simple, genicu- late when the fruit is ripe ; the flowers almost sessile and al- ternate. Corolla dark purple ; segments cuspidate.
Hab. In shady rocky woods. June — July.
I have, from Connecticut, what appears to be a variety of this species. The whole plant is very hairy, and the leaves are covered with pelhicid dots; in every other respect it resem- bles G. circcezuns. Can it possibly hePurs/i's G. bermudi- anum^
11. G, lance olattim^ : stem erect, very smooth; leaves ■ n Ibuis, lanceolate, geneially acute, smooth, 3-nerved ; margin subcihate ; peduncles divaricate ; fruit sessile, nodding, covered with hooked bristles. G. circazans 0, lanceolalum Cat. pi. jVezvYork, p. -23.
Jiuot perennial. Stem a foot or more in height, branched and a little spreading from the base; joints distant. Eeaves about S
t G. puncticulosum : caulibus imperceptibili pube asperiusculis : foliit quaternis, ovalibus, obtusis, inermibus, margine nervisque minutim pu beset ntibus, punclis siibpellucidis quasi pertusis : floribus purpureis fractibvi.-, bppulucels. .Mi c h. Ft. 1. p. 80.
.>ALruM. TETRANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 169
inches long and half an inch broad, a little acuminate, or ta- pering to a point, of a thin and membranaceous texture, (not puncticulaie) ; nerves and midrib smooth. Peduncles long, terminal, trichotomous and divaricate. Corolla brownish-pur- ple ; segments acuminate. Fruit closely sessile. Hab. In stony woods, Bloomingdale, Sec, New-York. Litch- field, Connecticut. Brace, Williamstown, Massachusetts. Dewey.
Nearly allied to the preceding species, of which I formerly considered it a variety. Having, however, found it to be con- stant in its characters, I am convinced it is quite distinct.
12. G. hermudianum L? : stem much branched, scarcely pubescent ; leaves in fours, ovate, obtuse, smooth, with pel- lucid dots ; margin and nerves pubescent ; flowering branches elongated; fruit uncinately hispid. Pursh Ft. I. p. 104. Sp, pi. p. 153 .? Roein. &i Schult. IIL p. 254.
Root perennial, creeping. Stem erect, quadrangular, smooth. Young leaves nearly linear ; old ones ovate, 3-nerved, rather obtuse. Peduncles towards the extremities of the branches, opposite, and so much compounded as to give the fljwers the appearance of a crowded panicle. Segments of the corolla lanceolate. Fruit hispid, with hooked hairs. Elliott.
Hab. In Pennsylvania. June. Muhlenberg. -^
This is an obscure species to me. Among all my speci- mens of Galium I cannot find one that will accord with Pursh*s description. It may be doubted, however, whe- ther the G. bermudia?ium of this author is the same as that of LinnauSf which is thus described in the Sfiecies Plantaruni. "G. foliis quaternis linearibus obtusis, ramis ramosissimis." The detailed description given above is from Elliott, who remarks that his specimens are from Pennsylvania, and were sent him by Muhlenberg. The G. hermudianum of the Muhlenbergin Herbarium I could not distinguish irum our G. fiilosum.
13. G. boreale L. : stem straight and erect, branched, very smooth ; branches short ; leaves in fours, linear-lanceo- late, generally obtuse, 3-nerved; margin involute and sca- brous ; flowers in a terminal panicle, divaricate ; fruit minutely and uncinately hii^pid. W ill d. Spec. I. p. 695. Pursh Ft. I. p. 104. G. sirictum Cat. pi. Ne.w-York, p. 23. Eat. Man. ed. 2. p. 287. G. septentrionak Rot nu h S chult, \U. p. 253.
Root perennial. Stem a foot and a half, and sometimes more than two feet, in heiglit, branched above, but nearly naked be- low, smooth and a little shining; joints somewhat sAveiled. Leaves an inch or more in length, varying: from almost linear to lanceolate, very distinctly 3-nerved ; smooth, except on the martrin and nerves. Panicle terminal, subpyramidal, crowded
170 TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. GALiunr*
Flowers wh'iie. Segments oi the corolla ovate, oHuse. FruiC small, densely covered with short hooked hairs. Hab. In sandy pine woods in the northern and western parts of tlie State of 'New -York. Near the Falls of Niagara. Eddy. In Pennsylvania, &c. Pursh.
The North-American plant exactly resembles specimens in my Herbarium from Sweden.
106. SPERMACOCE. L.
Calyx 4-toothecl. Corolla infundibiiliform, 4-cleft. Cfl'j&W^ 2-celled, not 2-parted; cells 1- seeded, biden- tate. Seeds ^^ith inflected margins. Gen. pi 155. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 94. J u s s. p. 197. Lam. III. t. LXII.f. 2. jRoem.^Schuli.Gen.485. Nat. Ord. Ru B I A c EJE Ju s s. Flowers axilbry.
S. diodina Mich.: stem diffuse, terete, hairy; leave? linear-lanceolate, nearly smooth ; margin and keel serrulate : stipules with numerous long bristles ; flowers axillary, sessile, solitary, alternate ; fruit hairy. M i c It. Fl. I. p. 72. Pursh Ft. I. p. 105. El Holt Sic. I. p. 1 89. Roem. &iSchulL III. p. 28^2.
Root annual. Stem procumbent, branched at the base, about a span long. Leaves opposite, sessile, acute ; keel and margin roughened with minute teeth. Slifiiites surrounding the base of the leaves, crowned with several brownish bristles. Flowers in the axils of the leaves, generally solitary. Segments of the calyx short, obtuse. Corolla white or pale purple, hairy. Filaments included ; anthers oblong, Style shorter than the corolla; sag-?na capitate. Ca/^sw/e 2-paried ? hispid; cells 1- seeded.
Hab. In sandy fields and on barren hills. New-Jersey ; parti- cularly abundant about Passaic Falls. August.
107. DIODIA. Gronovius,
Calyx deeply 2-cleft, persistent. Corolla tubular- inftindJbuliform, 4-cleft. Capsule 2-celled; cells 1- seeded. Gen. pi. 158. Nutt. G'(?;z. I. p. 94. Juss, 197. Lam. III. t. LXIII. Roem. 8? Scliult. Gen. 4:81. ^ Nat. Ord. Rubiace^ Juss. Habit of the preceding genus.
Ty.virginka L.: smooth; stem procumbent, nearly te- rete; leaves lanceolate ; corolla smooth within ; fruit oblong, smooth. Willd. Spec, I. p. .580. P iirsh Fl. I. p. 105,
I
i^jODiA. TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 171
Elliott Sk. I. p. 190. Mich. Fl.^.2\. Roem. 4- Schult. III. p. 284. D, teres Walt. Car. p. 87.
Jioot perennial. S(e7n obscurely angular, of a purplish colour, branched at the base. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, acute, sca- brous on the margin. Flowers solitary, opposite. Siifiules ciliate. Corolla white ; tube nearly half an inch long ; seg- ments lanceolate. Calyx divided to the base into 2 subulate segments. Fruit a little angular, 2-parted ?
Hab. In Maryland. Muhlenberg. September. My spe- cimens aie from Carolina.
The genus Diodia, as characterized in the books, appears to differ but little from Spermacoce, except in the calyx being 2-parted instead of 4-toothed. Mi c h au x remarks of Sper- macoce diodina, " Diodia esset, nisi calyx 4-fiuus obsiaret."
108. HEDYOTIS. L.
Calyx 4-toothed or 4-partcd. Corolla infundibuli- form, 4-partcd. Capsule 2-celled, opening transversely at the top, many-seeded ; dissepiment contrary to the valves. Gm. pi. 153. Juss. p. 198. Roem. £s? Schult. Gen. 469. Nat. Ord. Rubiace^e Ju s s.
H, glomerala Ell.: stem assurgent ; leaves lanceolate, pubescent, attenuated at the base ; flowers fascicled, axillary and terminal. Elliott Sk. L p. 188. H. auricularia Walt. Car. p. 85. H. unifiora Lam. III. I. p. 271 .? H. virginica Spreng. pug. II. p. 34. Ro em. <^ Schult, III. p. 199. Oldenlandia unijiora Lin. W il I d. Special). 674. O. glomerata M i c h. Fl. I. p. 83. Pursh Fl. I. p. i02. Muhl. Cat. p. 16,
7?oo/ fibrous, annual, (perennial, somewhat stoloniferous. Ell.) Stem from three-fourths of an inch to three inches in height, erect, (when large it is branched and procumbent at the base,) quadrangular, strigosely pubescent. Leaves elliptic-spathulate, opposite, narrowed at the base into a short petiole, but a little connate by the adnate stifiules^ which generally bear two or three subulate processes ; those at the extremities of the branches are crowded and almost sessile. Flowers axillary and terminal, (the former are pedicellate) ; in the smallest plants solitary and terminal. Calyx deeply 4-parted ; the di- visions ovate, acuminate, scabrous, ciliate on the margin. Co- rolla white ; tube very short ; segments ovate, generally ob- tuse, spinulous, one-third the length of the calyx. Stamens 4 ; filaments opposite the segments of the corolla, short, in- cvirved ; anthers subrotund, dark brown. Grrmen compress- ed, nearly round, hairy; style extremely short, but distinct; stigma capitate, undivided. Capsule large for the size of tlie plant, globose-didymous, crowned with the persistent calyx,
172 TETRANORIA. MONOGYNIA. HEDYOTiii.
compressed at the top, emarginate so as to appear a little 2- horncd, ppening in a direction across the dissepiment. Seed^ many in each cell, angular. Hab. In a small wood about a mile from Brooklyn, on the Ja- maica road, growing in a wet clayey soil. On the Island ol Ntw-York near Greenwich, and in the borders of a shady swamp near the Elgin Botanic Garden. Au!J:;ust. In New- Jersey. Muhlenberg. In the Southern States this plant attains the height of 12 or 18 inches.
This plant, though more nearly allied to Hedyotis than to Oldenlandia, differs from the latter, as described in the Ge- nera plantarum, in the corolla being almost rotate, the stigma simple, 8cc. Lamar k has united the two genera ; which I am inclined to think is correct. P urs h suspects that the synonyms of Lamar k and Willd. (ut sup.) belong to IsNARDiA fialustris.
109. HOUSTONIA. L.
Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla infundibuliform, 4-cleft. Capsule half superior, 2-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded, opening transversely. Gen. pi. 161. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 94. Juss. p. 197. Lam. III. t. hXXlX, f. 2. Roem. £s? Schult. Gen. 479. Poiretia Gmel. Nat. Ord. Gentianae Jiiss,\ (olim Ru-
BIACEyE.)
1 . H« coerulea L, : stem erect, setaceous, dichotomous ; radical leaves spathulate-ovate ; peduncles elongated, 1- flowcred ; segments of the corolla acute. Willd. Spec. J. p. 583. L a m. III. t. 79. f. 1 . Pursh Fl. I. p. lOG. («.) Big. Bost. p. 35. Elliott SA-. I. p. 192. Kutt. Gm. I. p. 95. Roem. ^ Schult. 111. p. 207. Bot. Mag. t. 370. H. Linncei a,, elatior Mich. Fl. I. p. 85. Anonymos erecta Walt. Car. p. 86. Pluk. Mant. p. 45. t. 97. f. 9. G r on. Virg. 15,-
Root perennial. Stem numerous, 4 — 8 inches high, erect, slen- der, quadrangular, dichotomous; branches erect. Radical leaves spathulate, obtuse, smooth ; margin appearing slightly ciliate under a lens ; stem-leaves narrower. Flovjers on long slender peduncles. Teeth of the calyx subulate, many times shorter than the corolla. Corolla purple, sometimes almost white ; segments obovate, acute. Stamens included ; ^la- ments inserted into the tube of the corolla ; anthers oblong, didymous, yellow. Cafisule broadly obcordate, opening at the
t Annal. du Mus. X. p. 328.
riGusTONiA. TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. ns
top in the direction of its longest diameter, but across the dis- sepiment. Seeds abovit 15 in each cell, round, compressed, with a deep cavity on one side. Hab. In moist rocky situations; common in New-Jersey. April— May. Venus' pride.
2. Ho longifolia Mich.: leaves narrow-lanceolate, ta- pering at each extremity ; flowers terminal, subsessile; stem branched, smooth. IV ill d. Spec. L p. 583.- B i g. Bost. p. 35. Elliott Sk.l. p. 1d2. Roem. <^ Schiilt. lU.i^: 208. H. angustifolia Mich. FL L p. 85. P ursh Fi. I. p. 106. R. ir S. 1. c.
Rooi perennial. Stents numerous, moderately branched, (some- what fastigiate above,) acutely quadrangular. Leaves very smooth, about an inch long, rather obtuse. Stifiules short- ovate, acuminate. FLoivers generally by threes, on very short footstalks. Calyx much shorter than the tube of the corolla j segments linear. Corolla purple ; segments ovate, acute.
Hab. On mountains and rocky hills, Catskill, Troy, &c. New-York. Near Boston. Big e low. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenb erg.
3. H. purpurea Wi 1 1 d. : stem erect, branched above, pubescent at the joints ; leaves sessile, ovate or lanceolate ; fascicles of flowers terminal, corymbose. W il I d. Sped, p. 584. Pursh Fl.\. ^. \Q1. Ellio 1 1 Sk.\. ^. \^3, Roem. S^ Schnlt.\\\.^.'20^. G r o n. Virg. p. \5. H. varians Mich. Fl. I. p. 86. Hedyotis umbellata Walt.- Car. p. 85. Knoxia purpurea Lam. Ill, T. p. 259.
Root perennial. Stem with the angles and joints hairy. Leaves ovate, broad, and in general abruptly rounded at the base, 3- nerved ; nerves and margins pubescent. Flowers in terminal corymbs. Calyx slightly pubescent ; segments subulate, ci- liate. Corolla purple. Elliott.
Hab. In dry woods. Pennsylvania to Carolina. Pursh. In Pennsylvania and Maryland. Muhlenberg. July.
My specimens are from the Southern States. This species is easily distinguished by its broad, sessile leaves.
4. H. ciliolata* : radical leaves ovate, obtuse, attenuated at the base ; margin ciliate ; stem-leaves ovate^spathulate, ses- sile ; flowers in terminal corymbs, pedicellate ; peduncles trichotomous; segments of the calyx linear-lanceolate; stem smooth, branched above.
Root perennial. Stem ascending? quadrangular, very smooth on every part ; joints remote. Radical leaves numerous, nearly an inch long, with a few scattered hairs on the upper- surface ; margin distinctly ciliate, scabrous ; stem leaves obo- vate; the uppermost ones spathulate, nearly naked on the
17.4 TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. houstonia,
margin. Sci/iules membranaceous, broad, obtuse. Mowers all terminal ; peduncles generally two or three, trichotomous at the extremity, each division bearing a flower. Calyx nearly one-third the length of the corolla ; segments rather obtuse. Corolla pale purple ; tube dilated upwards ; segments ovate- lanceolate. Hab. On Goat-Island, Falls of Niagara. Sent to me by Prof. Jiadley of Fairfield Medical Institution, New-York; an assiduous Botanist to whom I am indebted for numerous valu- able contributions to this work.
5. H. pubescens Raf.: leaves cuneiform, acute, pube- scent; the inferior ones semipetiolate, lanceolate; superior ones semioval, sessile ; panicle trichotomous, terminal. Raf. in Med. Rep. V. p. 250. D esv. J own. dc Bot. I. p. 320. Roem. ^ Schult, HI. p. 209.
Hab. In Pennsylvania and Ohio. Rafinesque. -f
110. MITCHELLA. L.
Flowers by pairs upon the same germen. — Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla infundibuliform ; tube cylindric; limb 4-parted, spreading, villous on the inner side. Stamens scarcely exserted. Stigma 4-cleft. Berry., by the union of 2 germs, didymous, 4-seeded. Gen, pi. 74. Nil 1 1. Gen. I. p. 96. Ju s s. p. 208. Lam, III. u 63. Roem.^ Schult. Gen. 467. Nat. Ord.
RuBIACEiE JuSS.
M. ripe.ns L. Sp. pi. 161. W il I d. Spec. I. p. CI 7. M i c h. Fl. I. p. 86. B i g. Bosh 34. Pursh Fl. I. p. 101. Ellioll Sk.l.y.xdZ. Roem. ^ Schult. in. p. 189. Lonicera foliis subovatis, germine bifloro, &;c. Gron. Virg. p. 22. Chamaedaphne Mitch. Gen. 27. Syringa baccifera, &c. P luk. Amalth. p. 198. t. 444. f. 2., Catesb. Car. t. 20.
A creeping herbaceous evergreen. Stem branched, very smooth, 6 inches to a foot or more in length. Leaves opposite, petioled, about half an inch long, nearly round or ovate, cordate at the base, smooth, very entire. Flowers terminal, in pairs on each germen, very fragrant. Calyx minute, persistent ; teeth acute. Corolla about half an inch long; tube slender; border 4-part- ed, very villous on the inner surface ; segments ovate, acute. Stamens a little longer than the tube of the corolla ; anthers oblong, acute. Style filiform, about as long as the stamens ; stigmas oblong. Berries red when ripe, subglobose, crowned with the persistent calyces, eatable, but insipid. Seeds com- pressed, hard.
siiTCHELLA. TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. il5
Hab. In woods, about the roots of trees, creeping among the dried leaves ; very common. June — July. Inhabits almost every part of North-America. The berries remain en the plant during the winter. Partridge- btrry.
The genus Mitchella, though belonging to the Rubiace^, yet resembles in some respects Symphoria and Linnjea of the Nat. Ord. Caprifglia.
in. LINNiEA. Gronovius. Calyx double; that of the fruit 2-leaved, inferior, of the flower 5-parted, superior. Corolla turbinate, sub- campanulatej 5-iobed, equal. Stamens somewhat di- dynamous. Stigma globose. Berry dry, 3-Celled, (only one of the cells bearing a single perfect seed. Wall I.) Sp. pi 1037. Niitt. Gen. I. p. 96, Juss. p. 211. Lam. III. t. DXX. Nat. Ord. Caprifglia Juss.
L. borealis G r 0 n. fV Hid. Sped. p. 340. Pursh i^/. If. p. 415. J^utt. Gen. I c. M u h I, Cat. p. 61. Eng. Bot. t. 1297.
Stem creeping, herbaceous, evergreen, a little branched, some- times nearly a yard in length. Leaves on sh(;rt petioles, op- posite, distant, ovate-rotund, crenate, slightly hairy. Pedundes erect, 2 — 4 inches long, pubescent, bearing 2 drooping pedi- cellate fluwers, with 2 small bracts at the forking of the pedi- cels. Inferior calijx (involucrum) subulate, closely appressed to the germen, below which are 2 minute bracts ; calyx of the fruit with 5 linear, equal segments Corolla subcampanu- late, white, or pale rose-cohmrtd, hairy within ; segments ob- tuse. Stamens unequal, (subdidynam.cus) included ; filaments slender; anthers cblong. Germen glandularly pubescent; style a little declined; stigma globose. Berry small, dry j cells 1-seeded, (2-seeded. Nutt.) Hab. In mountain woods, almost always under the shade of evergreens. Dewey. Deerficld. Hi t chc ock and Coo ley. On the Catskill Mountains. Knev els. In the Highlands of New- York. £ arra 1 1, he. On the moun- tains of New-York and Pennsylvania; near Wiscasset, Maine; and near the White Lake on the mountains of New-Jersey. Pursh. July.
The North-American plant resembles in every respect the European. JVuttall remarks that LiNXiEA stands alone, without distinct affinity to any other genus ; we think, how- ever, with R afine s que^ that in many respects it resembles I Mitchella.
112. SANGUISORBA. L.
Calyx 2-leaved. Corolla 4-cleft, rotate. Capsule quadrangular, between the calyx and the corolla, I — 2-
176 TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. sANfcuisoRBA^
celled. Gen. pi. 190. jVu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 108. Ju s s. p. 336. La7n. ///. t. LXXXV. f. 4. Roem. Of Schult. Gen. 476. Nat. Ord. Rosacea Juss, Leaves pinnate; flowers capitate. Tetrandria digynia Mich.y JVutt.y &c. Great Burnett
1. S. canade7isis L. : spikes cylindrical, very long; sta* mens much lonjier than the corolla. Willd. Spec. I. p. 654. Mich, Fl. i. p. 100. Pursh Fl I. p. 116. £^ liott Sk. I. p. 206. Roem. ^ Schult. III. p. 206. PiMPiNELLA maxima canadensis, &:c. Corn. Canad. 174. t, 74. M 0 ris. hist. III. p. 264. §. 8. t. 18. f. 12. (fide Lin.)
Root perennial. Stem 2 feet or more in height, terete, very smooth, with a few erect branches. Leaves alternate, pinnate^i with a terminal leaflet ; leaflets ovate or oblong, cordate, ob- tuse, petiolate, strongly and unequally serrate, smooth ; upper ones opposite ; lower ones with the petioles approximate. Sti" fiules variable in size, dentate, (sometimes wanting.) Sfiikes terminating long naked branches, 2 — 6 inches long. Flowers very numerous, crowded, sessile. Calyx (bracts or scalesj Juss.y Hoo k., Sec.) 2 ? at the base of each germen, linear, ciliate. Corolla (calyx, Juss.J white, superior; segments round-ovate, with a callous tip. Stamens 4; Jitaments 4 or 5 times as long as the corolla, flattened, dilated upward ; anthers didymous, yellow, seated on the extremity of the filament. Style 1, longer than the segments of the corolla ; extremity dilated and divided into many capillary segments; (stigma ca- pitate, very obscurely, if at all, divided. Ell. !) Cafisule 2-celled; cells 1 -seeded.
Had. In bog meadows; not uncommon. August — October Said to be also a native of Siberia.
This plant disagrees with the generic character cf Bangui- soliBA. in several respects ; particularly iuhs Jimbriate stigma ~ It appears to be intermediate between SANGCisoRBAf and Po-
i'ERlUM.
2. S. media L. : spikes cylindrical ; stamens longer than the corolla; (calyx subciliate.) Willd. Spec. I. p. 634. Emm. h. Berol. 1. p. ] 63. P w r .^ /i F/. I. p. 11 G. Elliot i Sk. I. p. 206. Poir. Enc. Supp. \l. p. 49?,, Moris.
■j- The generic character of SAXGirisonBA varies considerably as stateil by different aiuhors ; by Jits si eu it is " Calyx 4-fidus, basi 2-squamo- sus. Petala 0. Stamina 4. Germina 2; styii 2; stigmata 2 simplicia. Semina 2 intr^ calycem capsularem ;" — by Hooker, " Perianth. 4-lobed, superior, coloured, having 4 scales or bracts at the base. 1-ruit 1— 2-seed. ed, surrounded by the persistent base only of the perianth." Fl. Scot, p- 48. In the Gen. pi. of Schrebcr the stvle is describe'^l R8 filiform an-'^ very short, and the stigma obtuse.
sANGUisoRBA. TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 177
hist. III. p. 264. f. 8. t. 18, f. 2. {MeLiyi.J Roem, ^^ SchulL III. p. 206.
Stem smooth, substriate, (not angular,) about 2 feet high. Leaf- lets ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, smooth, hoary beneath. Sfiike an inch long, red. Poire t, 1. c.
Hab. In wet meadows ; principally on the mountains. Canada to Carolina. July — August. Fursh. -f-
A doubtful species. The plant described by Will d enow and /* o z r (? r, is probably only a garden variety of S. canadensis.
113. CORNUS. L.
Flowers sometimes aggregated in a 4-leaved invo- lucrum. — Cfl/j/x 4- toothed. Petals A;. Drupe w'lXh^ 2-celled nut. Gen. pi 194. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 98. Juss. p. 214. Lam. III. t. LXXIV. f. 1. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen. 513. Nat. Ord. Caprifolia /z/j5. Small trees or slirubs, generally with opposite leaves.
Dog-wood. — Cornel.
* Flowers capitate^ surrounded by an iTivolucrum.
1. C. canadensis L. : herbaceous ; upper leaves verticil- late, veined; leaves of the involucrum ovate, acuminate; drupe globose. Sp, pi. 172. fVilld. Sp. I. p. 661. rH e r. Corn. no. 2. t. 1 . Bat. Mag. t. 800. Mich. FL I. p. 91. Pursh Fl.\.^.\Ql. Big. Bost.ip.37. El- liott Sk.l.p. 207. Roem. <i- Schult. II!. p. 319.
Root creeping. Stem simple, ascending, about 6 inches high, surrounded at the top by a whorl of about 6 oval acuminate leaves, which stand on very short petioles ; a little below this whorl is a single pair of leaves, or, in their place, two oval bracts. Common fieduncle terminal, about an inch long, in- clined, supporting the dense umbel of flowers, which are sur- rounded by an expanded white involucrum an inch in diame- ter. Leaves of the involucrum broad-ovate, resembling pe- tals. Flowers numerous, very small. Calyx with very mi- nute obtuse teeth. Segments of the corolla ovate. Stamens a little exserted ; anthers oblong, yellow. Germen subturbi- nate, hairy ; style longer than the stamens ; stigma simple* Berry small, red.
Hab. In mountain meadows and in woods ; frequent in swamps where evergreens abound. In the Cedar Swamp, New-Dur- ham. On the Catskill and Shawangunk Mountains, and in the Highlands of New-York. Fairfield, N. Y. Prof. Had ley. Near Boston. Big e low. In Pennsylvania. Muhlen- berg. Also in many other places. May— June.
A handsome little plant, nearly allied to C. suecica of E"a- 23
178 TETKANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. cornxjs.
rope. I have a variety found near Ogdensburg, New-York, by J.J. Van den Heu-vel, Esq. in which the leaves of the involucrum are narrowed at the base, and the flowers in- distinctly corynabose.
2. C. jlorida L. : arborescent ; leaves ovate, acuminate : involucrum large, with obcordate leaflets. Sp. pi. I. p. 661, me r i t. Corn. p. 4. no. 3. M ic h. FL I. p. 9 1 . Mich.
f. Arb. t.78. Pursh Fl. I. p. 108. Big. Bost. p. 38. Elliott Sk. 1. p. 207. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. 1. t. 3. Big. Am.Med.Bot.il. t. 73. W a 1 1. Car. i,. QB. Gron. Virg. p. 17. Cates. Car. p. 27. t. 27, Bot. Mag. t. 27. Roenu (Jr Schult. III. p. 319.
A tree 15 — 30 feet high, with expanding branches; trunk 4 — 8 inches in diameter ; wood hard and close grained ; bark gray. Leaves opposite, entire, prominently ribbed, whitish beneath ; the younger ones pubescent. Flowers in terminal heads. In- volucrum 2 or 3 inches in diameter, white, sometimes with a tinge of red, at first folded round the flowers ; leaflets callous and inflected at the tip, appearing notched. Frofier calyx small, tubular, pubescent, with the segments obtuse. Corolla greenish-yellow ; petals lanceolate, rather obtuse. Stamens nearly as long as the corolla ; anthers incumbent, oblong. Style shorter than the stamen ; stigma capitate. Drupe oval, scarlet. Common Dog-wood.
Hab. In woods; common. May—June.
The bark is a valuable bitter and tonic. See the works of Bar t on and Bigelow above quoted.
* * Flowers nakedf in cymes.
3. C. sericea PHerit.: branches expanded; leaves ovate, acuminate, silk}' ferruginous beneath ; cymes depress- ed, woolly. PHerit. Corn. n. 6. t. 2. Wil/d. Spec. I, p. 663. Pursh F/. 1. p. 108. Elliott Sk. I. p. 208. Bart, Veg. Mat. Med. I. t. 9. i? o e m. (i^ Schult. III. p. 320. C. lanuginosa Mich. Fl. I. p. 92. C. alhn Walt. Car. p. 88. C. ccerulea Lam. Enc. II. p. 1 16.
A shrub 8 — 12 feet high; branches spreading, dark brow», smooth, except the young ones, which are pubescent. Leaves opposite, on petioles one third their length, generally a little cordate at the base ; nerves beneath covered with a brownish shining pubescence. Cyme on a villose peduncle about 2 in- ches long. Flowers crowded. Calyx minute. Corolla white ; petals linear. Drupe ovate, bright blue.
Hab. On the banks of rivers and in shady moist thickets. June.
4. C. sanguinea L. : branches straight ; leaves ovatCj
coRNUs. TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 179
green on both sides ; cymes expanding. PH er i t. Corn. p. 5. JVii/d. Spec.], p. 662. P u r s h Fl, I. p. 109 ? EL liott Sk. \. p. 208? Eng. Bol. t. 249. Roem. ^ Schult. III. p. 320.
A shrub 8 — 12 feet high ; branches smooth, generally dark pur- ple, pubescent when young. Leaven broad, frequently oval, abruptly acuminate, nearly smooth on the upper surface. Cymes expanding, when old almost divaricate. E t L Berries dark brown. P ur s h.
Hab. Near the lakes of Canada and New-York. June — July. Pursh. +
5. C. circinata PH e r i t. : branches verrucose ; leaves broad-oval, (orbicular) acuminate, white-downy beneath ; cymes depressed. P H erit. Corn. p. 7. t. 3. W il Id, Spec.
I. p. 663. Pursh FJ. L p. 108. B i g. Host. p. 39. Roe m. ^Schult. III. p. 321. C. tomentulosa Mich. Fl.l.p. 91. C. rugosa Lam. Eric. II. p. 113.
A shrub 6 — 8 feet high, with spotted or verrucose branches. Leaves on short petioles, nearly as broad as long, abruptly acu- minate ; under surface remarkably downy. Cyme crowded, nearly smooth. Teeth of the calyjc almost obsolete. Corolla white ; fietals ovate, obtuse. Drufie blue.
Hab. On the banks of rivers and in woods j not common. June.
6. C. aUa PHerit.: branches recurved, smooth; leaves ovate, acute, pubescent, hoary beneath; cymes de- pressed. PH erit. Corn. p. 6. Will d. Spec. I. p. 662. Pursh F/. I. p. 109. Big. Bost. p. 3B, Roem.^r Schult. III. p. 321. C. stolonifera M ich. Fl. I. p. 92.
A shrub or small tree ; branches slender, much spreading, or re- curved. Leaves acuminate, acute at the base, white beneath. Cymes small, slightly pubescent. Calyx inconspicuous. Co- rolla with lanceolate petals. Drufie white.
Hab. In wet woods and on river banks; rare. Said to be also a native of Siberia. Osier rouge of the Canadians. Mi» chaux.
7. C. paniculata PHerit.: branches erect; leaves ovale acuminate, hoary beneath; cymes panicled. PH erit. Com. p. 9. t. 3. W ill d. Spec. {.p. 664. Pursh FLU p. 109. Big. Bost. p. 39. Elliott Sk. I. p. 209. Ro em. ir Schult, III. p. 322. C. racemosa Lam. Enc.
II. p. 116.
A shrub 8—12 feet high, with straight, punctate, slender, branches. Leaves on short petioles, ovate, sometimes lanceo- late-ovate, hoary, but hardly pubescent, beneath. Cymes loose.
180 TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. cornus.
distinclly panicled, especially when in fruit. Corolla white ; fietals ovate. Drufie nearly globose, white. Hab. In swamps and wet woods. Abundant near Blooming- dale, on the Island of New-York, Sec. June.
8. C. stricta L a in. : branches straight, fastigiate ; leaves ovate, green on both sides, somewhat naked ; cynnes pani- cled. PH erit. p. 9. t. 5. Lam. Enc. 111. p. 116, W ill d. Spec. I. p. 66A. Pursh Fl.\. p. 109. Elliott SA:. I. p. 209. Roem. ^ Schult. 111. p. 322. C. fas- tigiala Mich, FL I. p. 92. C. sanguinea IV alt. Car. p. 88.
A shrub 8 — 15 feet high, stoloniferous, branching; branches op- posite, glabrous, generally red, roughened by irregular protvi- berances. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, gla- brous, but sparingly sprinkled with short hair. Cyynes naked, fastigiate. Flowers fragrant. Petals ovate-lanceolate. Lll. Drupe blue. Fh.
Hab. On the banks of riveis; Canada to Carolina. Pursh. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenb e r g. June.
This species has not come under my observation, unless I have taken it for a variety of C. fianiculata. According to Ellio tty the cymes are sometimes regular, sometimes irre- gular.
9, C. alternifoha L. : leaves alternate. L i n. Supp. p. 125. Willd. Sped. p.eQ4. PH e r i t. Corn. p. 10. t. 6, Mich. Fl.l.p.Q3. PwrsAF/. I. p. 109. Elliott Sk. 1. p. 210. Roem. ^' Schult. III. p. 323.
A small tree, with spreading branches, which are generally dot- ted or verrucose. Leaves irregularly alternate, ovate, acute, hoary beneath. Cyme depressed. Petals oblong. Drupe purple, globose.
Hab. In shady woods and in swamps. June.
114. LUDWIGIA. L.
Calyx 4-parted, persistent. Corolla 4-pel'alled or 0. Capsule quadrangular, 4-celled, inferior, many-seeded. Gen.pl. 204. kutt. Gen. I. p. 97. Juss. p. 319. Lam. III. t. 77. f. 3. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen. 515, Nat. Ord. On agrje Juss. Bastard Loosestrife,
1. L. macrocarpa M i c h. : stem erect, branched, nearly smooth; leaves attenuate, narrow-lanceolate, pale beneath ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered ; capsules globose-quadrangu- lar, winged. M i c h. FL I. p. 89. Pursh Fl. I. p. 110. Roem, 4- Schult. HI, p. 326. L. alternifolia Lin, Sp,
LUDWiGiA. TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. iGl
j9/. p. 173. Willd.Spec.Li).612. E I lio 1 1 Sk. \. p. 217. L. ramosissima Walt. Car. p. 89. L. auraniiaca Raf. Med. Rep.W.p. 358. /?. 4^ S. 111. p. 328. Plu/c. Aim, t. 203. f. 2. Amal. t. 444. f. 1.
Root perennial. Stem about 2 feet high, much branched, of a purplish colour, a little pubescent, somewhat angular by the decurrent petioles. Leaves 2 — 3 inches long, acute, entire, narrowed at the base into a petiole. Flowers on short pedun- cles. Segments of the calyx much longer than the germen, ovate, much acuminate, ciliate. Corolla yellow ; fietals cadu- cous, round, nearly as long as the calyx. Cafisulc nearly quadrangular, with 2 subulate bracts at the base ; angles con- spicuously winged, ciliate, opening through a central pore.
Hab. In swamps. July — August.
2. L. pilosa Walt. : stem erect, branched, hairy, leaves alternate, oblong, sessile; peduncles 1 -flowered, axillary; capsules globose-quadrangular, winged. Wall. Cor. p. 89. Elliott Sk. p. 216. L. hirsuta L a m. Enc. III. p. 587. Willd. Spec. 1. p. 672. Pursh Fl. I. p. 110. L. hirle/la- R af, Med. Rep. XI. p. 359. R o e m. c^ Schult. 111. p. 327. IsNARDiA hirsuta R. <^ S. Ill- p. 477.
Root perennial. Stem generally but little branched, slender, 2 feet high, strigosely hairy. Leaves an inch or mure in leni^th, closely sessile, obtuse at each end. Flowers on peduncles not half the length of the leaves. Segments of the calux lanceo- late, nearly twice as long as the germen. Petals yellow, obo- vate, about as long as the calyx. Capsule hairy, as large as in L. macrocar/ia, slightly winged.
Hab. In ditches and pools; on sandy soils. New-Jersey to Ca- rolina. July — August. Pursh. In New-Jersey. Muh- lenberg: In woods near Baltimore. Rafinesque.
I have seen no specimens of this plant from the Northern States; mine, from which the above description was taken, are from South-Carolina.
3. L. uniflora R af. : stem straight, simple ; leaves al- nernate, lanceolate, acute, glabrous; flower terminal; petals longer than the calyx. R af. in Med. Rep. V. p. 356. R o em. 4r Schult. III. p. 328.
Hab. In New-Jersey, Rafinesque. -f- Probably L. macrocarfia.
115. ISNARDIA. L.
Calyx campanulate, 4-cleft. Corolla 0. Capsule 4-ceUed, quadrangular, surrounded by the base of the calyx. Gen.pL20T, JVutt, Gert' l-^^ 98. Juss.
182 TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNTA. isnardia.
p. 333. Lam, III t. LXXVII. f. 2. Nat. Ord. Onagr/e /z/^^.f (olim Salicariae.)
I. palustris L. : creeping and shining ; leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, petiolate; flowers axillary, solitary, sessile; capsule subovate, slightly angled. Willd. Spec. 1. p. 680. B i g. Bast. p. 40. Rocm. ^ Schul t. II. p. 476. LuD- wiGiA nitida M ich. Fl. I. p. 87. Pursh FL I. p. 111. L. palustris Elliott Sk. I. p. 2 1 1 . L. apelala JV alt. Car. p. 89.
i?oor fibrous, perennial, (annual, L,, Pursh, &c.) Plant swimming, or creeping on wet ground, succulent, branching. Leaves smooth, shining. Flowers very small, solitary, with 2 bracts at the base. Segments of the calyx ovate, acuminate, shorter than the germen. Corolla 0, (with rudiments of pe- tals, P ursh.) Stamens shorter than the calyx ; anthers sub- rotund. Style short ; stigma capitate. Cafisule crowned with the persistent calyx, many-seeded.
IIab. In stagnant waters, ditches, 8tc. June.
J 16. PLANTAGO. L.
C«/?/x 4-cleft. Coro//a 4-cleft; limb reflected. Sta- mens mostly exserted, very long. Capsule 2-celled, opening all round transversely. Geii, pL 186. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 99. Ju s s. p. 90. Lam. III. t. LXXX V. f. 3. Nat. Ord. Plantagines/w^^. Plantain.
1 . P. cordala L a m. : leaves ovate, cordate, very broad, subdentate, smooth; spike very long ; flowers subimbricated ; the inferior ones scattered; bracts ovate, obtuse. Lam, Enc. V. p. 369. ///. p. 338. J acq. Eclog. fasc. VIII. p. 1 06. t. 72. (tide R. <^ S.) Pursh Fl. I. p. 98. Muhl. Caf. p. 15. i^ocm. (^ Sc Am//. 111. p. 114. P. kentucken- sis Mick. Fl. I. p. 94.
Roots perennial. Leaves about 6 inches long, 3 — 4 broad, very smooth, membranaceous, generally cordate at the base, ob- tuse ; margin obscurely toothed ; petioles longer than the leaves. Sca/ie often a foot and a half high, smooth ; flowers occupying the upper half, rather conglomerate than imbricate. Bracts generally obtuse, shorter than the flowers. Segments of the calyx ovate, very obtuse. Segments of the corolla obo- vate. Stamens with long slendtr ^laments j anthers didymous, compressed. Style short, straight ; stigtna pubescent. Ca/i-
t Annal. du Mus. II. p« 473.
pLANTAao. TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 183
sule ovate, a third longer than the calyx. Seeds 2 in each cell, oblong, compressed, brown. Hab. In wet meadows; along creeks. On the Island of New- York. Near Fishkill. June. In Pennsylvania. Muhleii- berg.
2. P. major L. : leaves ovate, smoothish, subdentate, generally shorter than the petioles; scape terete; spike cy- lindrical, slender; flowers closely imbricated; capsules many- seeded. Willd. Spec. I. p. 641. Smith FI. Brit. I. p. 182. Eng. Bot. t.]55Q. P ur s h FlA.j). 9B. Big.Bost. p. 33. Elliott Sk. \. 1^.201. R o em. i^ S c hu^lt. Ill,
p.m.
Root large, perennial. Leaves spreading on the ground 2 — 4 inches long, mt)re or less ovate, about 5 -nerved, with coarse, obscure teeth, acute at the base; petiole channelled above. Sca/ie 8 — 12 inches long, pubescent. Sjiike 2—6 inches long. Brads lanceolate, acute or obtuse, shorter than the calyx. Ca.'yx oblong; segments ovate, acute, carinate. Stameyis twice as long as the corolla. Style exscried, pubescent. Cafi- sule oblong, acute ; dissepiment plane.
Hab. In fields, waste grounds, &c. ; very common. May— Au- gust. Introduced. Common Plantain.
3. P. media L. : leaves ovate, pubescent, longer than the petioles; scape terete; spike short, cylindric; cells of the capsule 1-seeded. W ill d. Spec. I. f. Q4'2. Smith FL Brit, I. p. 183. Eng. Bot. t. 1559. Muhl. Cat. p. 15. Rotm.' 8/ Schult. III. p. 115.
Root large, perennial. Leaves 2 inches long, spreading on the ground, hairy, on very short petioles, 5-nerved, obscurely toothed. Scafie longer than the leaves. S/nke 1 — 2 inches long. Flowers closely imbricated.
Hab. In fields. On the Island of New-York ? In Pennsyl- vania. Muhlenberg. July.
The plant I have taken for P. media may be only a variety of major. I have not yet had an opportunity of examining the capsule, which, according to Hooker, contains but a single seed in each cell.
4. P. virginica L. : hairy-pubescent ; leaves lanceolate- ovate, subdenticulate ; spike cylindrical, with remote flowers; scape angular. Willd. Spec. I. p. 644. Mich. Fl. I. p. 94. Pursh Fl.l.p.98. E I Ho 1 1 Sk. I. t^, 20\. Roem. ^ Schult. III. p. 121.
Root biennial. Whole plant covered with a gray hairy pubes- cence. Leaves 1 — 2 inches long, sometimes obovate-lanceo- late, obtuse, 3-nerved, attenuated at the base into a short petiole. Scafie longer than the leaves. Spike at first short, but at length
184 TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. ilantago.
elongated. Flowers scarcely imbricated, not conglomerate. Calyx as long as the lanceolate bract at its base ; segments broad-ovate, carinate, acuniinate. Corolla yellowish ; segments connivent, linear-lanceolate, very acute. Stamena included. Htyle short, filiform ; stigma simple, pubescent. Ca/isule ovate ; disse/dment plane. Seed single in each cell, oblong, flat or concave on the side next to the dissepiment. Hab. On dry hills and in sandy fields. Common on the Island of New-York, and in New-Jersey.
5. P. lanceolata L. : leaves lanceolate, acute at each end ; spike short, ovate-cylindrical ; scape angular ; capsule 2-seedcd. fV il /.d. Spec' I. ■p. 6^3. P ur s h Fl. \, p. 9n. Smith FL Brit. 1. p. 184. Eng. Bot. t. 507. Big. Bost, p. 34. Elliott Sk. \. p. '202, Rotm. ^ Schult. m, p. 115.
Root perennial. Leaves 4 — 6 inches long, 3— 5-nerved, very acute, tapering at the base into a petiole, remotely denticulate^ Scafic much longer than the leaves, hairy, angular and sul- cate. i^fjike about an inch long, dense. Bracts ovate, acu- minate, brownish, as long as the calyx. Stamens very long. Capsule 2-seeded.
Hab, In fields, pastures, and cultivated grounds; very com- mon. May — September. Introduced.
Fur s h suspects the North-American plant maybe a new species, but there can be no doubt that it was introduced from Europe, and merely altered by climate.
G, P. maritima L. : leaves linear, grooved, fleshy, hairy near the base ; scape terete ; spike cylindrical ; bracts rather acute. Will d. Spec. I. p. 647. Smith FL Brit. I. p. 184. Eng.Bot.U ]75. M ic h. F/. I. p. 04. Big.Bost. p. 34. Picrsh Fl.p. 02. M u hi. Cat. p. \b. Roem. ^ Schult. HI. p. 131. P. pancifora Pursh I.e. P. oliganthos R. 4^ S. 111. p. 122.
Root perennial, large and woody. Leaves 6 — 10 inches long, a line, or a line and a half, broad, very fleshy, rounded on 'the back, with a deep groove on the inner side ; margin entire, or with a very few remote teeth, Scafie about as long as the leaves. Flowers scarcely imbricate, at length a little remote. Bracts about as large as the calyx, ovale, generally acute, but often somewhat obtuse. Segments of the ca/j/or obtuse. Cafi- sule 2seeded.
Hab. In salt marshes; commqn on the sea-coast. August — Sep- tember.
7. P. pusilla Nutt.? minutely pubescent; leaves linear-subulate, flat, entire, acute; scape terete, slender, longer than the leaves; spike cylindrical, loose; lower
i^LANtAGo. TETRANDR[A. MONOGYNU. 185
flowers distant ; bracts ovate, acute, as long as the calyx ; sta- mens included. KutL Gen. i. p. lOOf P. hybrida BarU FL Philad, H. p. 2 1 4. P. Imearifolia M u h L Cat. p. 1 5 ? '
Jiool annual. Leaves numerous, about an inch long. Scafie
2—3 inches long. Flowers subimbricated. Segments of tne
. calyx rigid, ovate, acute, carinate. Ca/isule globose, 2-seeded,
Hab. On a hill near the new water-works, Piiiladelphia. In the
exsiccated :knal on the road to Lemon-Hill. Barton. la
it a variety of P. interrufua ol Lamar k and Elliott?
8. Pi maxima J acq.: leaves ovate, subdenticulate
9-nerved ; spike cylindrical, imbricated ; scape terete, J ac7
^€ol. I. p. 82. Icon. rar. I. t. 28. (fide fVilld. Spec. I. l]
642.) Roem.i^ Schiilt.lll.^.lU, F. cucullata Lam.
Snc. V. p, 370. Pursh Fl.l.p. 98.
Hab. In wet rocky situations. Maine. July — August. Pursh, Also a native of Siberia. Perhaps the synonym of Pursh tefeites to P. cordata.
Uli BARTONIA. Muhlenberg,
Calyx 4-parted, appressed. Corolla siibcampanu» late, 4-parted; segments somewhat erect. Stig?na thick, glandular, somewhat bifid. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valvea, many-seeded, surrounded by the persistent calyx and corolla. Muhl. ap. Wit Id. Act. Soc, Amk. Nat. Cur. III. p. 444, Cat. p. 15. Centau- RELL A Mich. FL I. p. 97. Xutt. Gen. I. p. 101. Roem. £s? Schult. Gen. 440. Centarium Pers. aSz/w. I.p. 137. Andrewsia Spreng. {Mq Bart.J Nat. Ord. Gentians Juss,
B. tmella Muhl. : culm somewhat branched ; pedun- cles opposite, the lower ones branched ; segments of the co- rolla ovalj acute, scarcely fonger than the calyx; style very- short. MuhL 11. cc. Pers. Syn. I. p. 141. Cent.^u- JiELLA paniculata M i c h. FL I. p. 1)8. t. 1 2. f. 1 . Elliott Sk. I, p. 204. C. aulumnaiis P ur s h FL ]. p. 100. Roem, 4r Schult. 111. p. 162. Centarium autimmale Pete, Syn, I. p. 137. Sagina virginica Willd. Spec. J. p. 719.
Root annual. Stem 3—8 inches high, very slender, quadrangu- lar, glabrous. Leaves very minute, resembling bracts, the lower ones alternate ; upper ones opposite Flowers terminaL Calyx deeply 4-parted; segifients linear-lanceolate, acute. Coro//a white,. smooth. Stamens included; anr/zers 2-cel led, . rordate. ^S^/Z^-m* cbtusc. Ca/j*«/f oblong. .5fff/« numerous^ 24
i8& TETKANDRiA. BIONOGYNIA. bartono.
Hab. In swamps and wet woods ; generally among sphagnum, August— September. Sometimes very minute, and I -flowered. I have restored the name originally given to this plant by Mu hlen ber^, on account of its priority.
113. EXACU]\I* L,
Calyx deeply 4- parted. Corolla 4- cleft ; tube glo- bose. Capsule subsulcate, 2-cellef\ inany-seededy opening at the summit; cells 2-seeded. Gen. pi. 185, J\'utt. Gen. I. p. 101. Juss. p. 142. Lam. III. t» LXXX. liocm. ^ Schult. Gen. 437. Nat. Ord. Gen ti a n^e Ju s s.
E. pulckellum Ph. : calyx 4*parted ; segments subulate ; panicle corymbose; peduncles filiform. Pursh Fl.hjp, iOO. Rotrn. 4)- Schult. 111. p. 15^. IIab. Near the sea-coast of New-Jersey ; rare. August. Flowers rose-coloured- Resembles 'E.Jjli/orme.
119, SWERTIA. L. Calyx flat, 4 — 5-parted. Corolla 4-parted; seg- ments spreading, with 2 nectariferous ciliate pores at the base of each. Style short; stigmas 2. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, acuminate. Gen. pi. 449. Nu 1 1» Gen. I. p. 102. Juss. p. 142. Lam. 111. t. CIX. RoemU Schult. Gen. \l\2. Halenia Borkh. Nat. Ord. Gentians Juss. Pentandria digy- nia L.y Willd.i &c. Felwort.
1. S. deflexa Sm. : corolla campanulate, with deflexed horns at the base ; leaves ovate ; branches short. Sm i t h in Rees^ Cyclop. G oldie in Edin. Phil. Jour. VI. p. 321, S. cornicidata Pursh Ft. I. p. 100,, nee L. Muhl. Cat. p. 29. Mich. Ft.}. ^. 07.! S. Michauxiana Rotm. ($.- Schull.yi.V 130.
Root biennial. Stem a foot and a half, or 2 feet, high, quadran-' gular, nearly simple, or with a few short axillary branches. Leaves opposite, sessile, ovate, 5-nerved. Flowers greenish- yellow, in terminal fascicles. Segments of the calyx linear- lanceolate. Corolla persistent ; segments ovate, acute, longer than the calyx ; horns subulate, bent downward, but spreading as the fruit ripens. Stamens 4 ; Jilaments alternating with the segments of the corolla ; anthers oblong, incumbent. Style very short. Capsule terete, acuminate, a little oblique toward the extremity- Seeds numerous, oblong-cyiindrical> obtuse, yellow. Hab. On the borders of lakes, n^ar Fairfield, New-York; Prof. Had ley.
^WEETIA. TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA^ 187
2. S. piisilla Pur sh: corolla rotate, twice as long as the calyx ; stem simple, 1 -flowered •, leaves oblong. Pursh Fl. I.p- 101. Roem. «J- Schult. VI. p. 131.
Wliole plant scarcely above an inch high, with one or two pair of small leaves, and a considerable sized blue fioiver. Divi- sions of the corolla oblong, acuminate ; of the cahjx obtuse. Plu
Hi.B. On the alpine regions of the White-hills of New-Hamp- shire. June. Pur ah, Ii is also a native of Labrador.
120. FRASERA. Walter.
Cahjx deeply 4-parted. Corolla 4-parted, spreading ; segments oval, with a bearded orbicular gland in the middle of each. Capsule compressed, partly margined, 1-celled. Seeds fevVj imbricated, elliptic, with a mem- branaceous margin. IF a It. Car. \xS7. Mich. Fi. I. p. 97. A^titt. Gen. I.p. 102. lioem.^ Schult. Gen. 439. Nat. prd. Gentians /« 5^,
F. caroliniensis Walt. \. c p. 80. Pers, %n. I p. 137. F. Walteri Mich Fl. L p. 97. Pursh Fl. I.p. 101. £//ion -S'^•. L p. 205. Bart.Veg.Mat.Med.W. t. 33. F. verlicillata Muhl. Cat. p. 17o
Root biennial. Stem 3—5 feet high, erect, subquadrangular, smooth. Leaves opposite and verticillate, oblong-lanceolate ; the lower ones a foot long, and more than 3 inches broad. Flowers verticillate; peduncles 1 -flowered, unequal. Seg- ments of the calyx linear-lanceolate, acute, forolla greenish- yellow, speckled with purple; segments acuminate, with an oval or orbicular fringed gland in the centre of each. Stamens shorter than the corolla, alternating with its segments ; ^la- ments snhulaie ; anthers hr^e, oblong, yellow. Germen ob- long, attenuated into a short style; stigma bifid. Capsule much compressed, oval, acuminated w|tH the persistent style. Seeds 6— 8.
IUb. On West-Canada Creek, New- York. Prof. Had ley. On the borders of the lakes in Pennsylvania and New-York. July. PurshjM'uttalL American Cclumbo.
The root of this plant is in considerable repute as a tonic, but its-'virtues have, perhaps, been overrated. See Ives's ed. of Paris's Phaemacologia. The genus Frasera is very nearly related to the species of Swertia which are not corni- culate.
121. OCOLARIA. L.
Calyx 2-parted, bracteiform. Corolla campanulate, 4-cleft; segments entire, (or crenulate.) Stamens sub- didynamous, (equal, Nutt.J proceeding from the
18S TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. obolahia.
clefts of the corolla. Stigma bifid. Capsule ovate, I'celled, 2-valved, many-seeded. Gen. pi. 1044. Nutt. Gen.l. p. 103. Juss. p. 101. Nat. Ord. Gentians Juss. (Nutt.J olim Pedicular^s.
O. virginica L. : Willd. Spec III. p. 326. Gron, Firg. p. 74. Purs A i^/. II. p. 431. E Ui ot t Sk.l]. ■f. 134. Nutt,Gen.lc.
Moot apparently perennial. Stem 3 — 4 inches high, growing in tufts, smooth^ nearly simple. Leavee few, opposite, obovatej sessile, a little glaucous. Fioivers towards the extremity of the stem, white cr pale red, marcescpnt. Calyx, or rather foiiaceous bracts, cleft nearly to the batse, (S-cleft, Pers.) Segments of the corolla ovate, entire, (sometimes cre- nately torn, JVu t t.J ; tube ventricose. Stamens shorter than the corolla ; two of them a little longer ; anthers oblong. Style short ; divisions of the stigma spreading. Capsule ob- tuse.
Hab. In shady forests. Near Philadelphia. Dr. W. Barton. Near West-Chester, Pennsylvania. Dr. Darlington. April — May.
The genus Obolaria has, I think, Ijcen very properly re- jnoved to the GENTiANiE by J\fu ttaHo
122. AMMANNIA. L.
Calyx 1-leaved, campanulate, plicate, 8-toothed, in ferior. Corolla 4-petalied or 0, inserted upon the calyx. Cc/)We 4-celltd, many-seeded. Gen.pL206. Nutt. Geji. I. p. 103. Juss. p. 333. Lam. III. t. LXXVII. f. 1. Nat. Ord. Salicari^e /«>$ J.
1. A. ramosior L. : stem erect, thick, subterete ; leaves lanceolate, dilated at the base; lower flowers compactly verti- cillate. Mich. FL I, p. 99. Willd. Spec. I. p. 678, Pursh Fl\. ^. 107. E lliott SkA. ^. 'IIQ, Roern, ^ Schult. III. p. 30fi.
Root annual. Stem 4 — 8 inches high, obscurely quadrangulary smooth,^ simple, or with a few spreading branches near the base. JLeaves opposite, a little contracted below, but dilated, and somewhat amplexicaul at the bose. Flowers axillary, with 2 subulate bracts at the base, sessile ; tiie upper ones so- litary; lower ones verticillate. Calyx envelloping thq ger- men, truncate, quadrangular, 4-plaited, giving it the appear- ance of 8 minute teeth at the top. Petals caducous, very mi- nute, obovatc, pale-purple, inserted into the palyx, near the top. Stamens alternating with the petals ; anthers globose. Style very short ; stigma obtuse. Cafisuls very obtuse. Seed^ numerous, miniate, flat on ope side.
A^iMAKNjA. TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. laO
Hab. In brackish meadows between Hackinsack and New- Durham, New-Jersey. August — September. Often with th6 stem quite simple, and the flowers solitary.
2. A. humilis Mich.: stem procumbent at the base, branched, slender, quadrangular ; leaves lanceolate, attenuate ^4 at the b^sp; flowers solitary. Mich. Ft. I. p. 99« Pwr^Ai"/. I. p. 107. Elliott SkA.^.'iXd. Roem. 4" Schult. III. p. 302. Aoramosior Walt, Car. p. 88.
Root annual and biennial, fibrous. Stem very seldom entirely simple, often very much branched, 4 — 7 inches, red, smooth, nearly terete below, subquadrangular above, much more slen- der than in A. ramosior. Leaves narrow-lanceolate, with a prominent midrib, narrovyed at the base, rather acute. Flowers sessile, solitary, with two very small subulate braces at the base. Calyx quadrangular, 8-toothed, the 4 exterior teeth shorter, thick, and spreading, the others acute. Petals 4, white or pale purple, orbicular, inserted into the calyx opposite the shorter teeth, near the sunimit, caducous. Stamens 4 ; filaments vci- serted into the calyx about half way down ; anthers round, brownish. Germeri turbinate ; style Very short, but distinct ; stigma capitate. Cafisule short and thick, quadrangular, 4-celled; each cell containing 20 or 30 smooth, somewhat an- gular, seeds ^ attached to the central receptacle.
Hab. On the borders of a pond in a wood on Long-Island, three miles from Brooklyn. August. Near New-Haven, Connec- ticut. Prof. Ives. Borders of Jamaica-pond, Brooklyn; near Boston. A*u tt all.
Mr. Elliott remarks, that the petals in this species are inserted into the summit of the germen ; a character which I did not observe in any of the specimens I examined.
123. PTELEA. L.
Calyx- 4-parted. Petals 4, spreading. Stigmas 2, Samara compressed, orbicular, 2-celled, 2-seeded. Gen. pi. 1505. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 104. Juss. p. 375. Larw. ///. t. LXXXIV. f. 3, Roem.^ Schult, Gen. 491, Nat Ord, Terebintaoe^; Juss*
P. trifollata L. ; leaves ternate; flowers in panicles, polygamous. JVilld, Spec. I. p. 670. M i c h. Fl, I. p. 99. Pursh FL\.^. \01. Elliott S/c. L^.2\0. Walt, Car. p. 88. D uh a m. Arb. W.i. ^2. R a em. ^r S c hul t, Jll. p. 291.
A shrub 6 — 8 feet high, with slender spreading branches. Leaves on long petioles, ternate ; leafiets oblong, 2 — 3 inches long, •acum^inate, sessile, pubescent beneath ; the terminal one at=i
190 TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. ptexea.
tcnuatecj at the base ; margin crcnulate, or obscurely denticu- late. Flowers in terminal spreading panicles, Cafyx rninutCj hairy; segments subulate. Corolla greenish-white; fit(als ovate-oblong, obtuse, subcoriaceous. Stamens 4—5 ; j?/a- jnents subulate, shorter than the corolla, dilated and tomentose at the base ; anthers oblong. Style very short. Samara with a broad orbicular membranaceous margin, swelling in the cen" tre ; one of the seeds abortive. Hab. In shady moist hedges, and on the edges of woods among rocks. New- York to Carolina. June. Pursh. On Lake Erie, near Presque Isle. J^''u ttall. -v. v. in hori — v. s. p/i. Carolin. Shrubby trefoih.
Pursh describes a variety with pubescent leaves growing in Pennsylvania, wihch, he says, appears to be a new species. In all my specimens the leaves are decidedly pubescent be- Jieath ; and they are thus described by -E / / i o r f, in the south- ern plant. By ^c^f er they are said tobe tomentose,
J 24, RIVINA. L.
Calyx 4-parted, persistent. Petals 0. Berry 1= seeded. Seed lentiform, scabrous. Stamens 8 — 4 — 12, Gen. pi. 219. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 104. Ju s s. p. 84. Lam. III. t. LXXXI.f. 2. Roem.':^ Schult, Gen, 566. Nat. Ord. Atriplices Juss.
R. laevis L, : racemes simple ; leaves ovate, acuminate, glabrous, flat ; stem terete. W H I d. Spec. I. p. 694. M utt. Gen. I.e. Muhl.Cat.^.llo R o em. &l S c hultAXL p. 456.
A shrub possessing very much the habit of Phytolacca decan- dra. Leaves alternate, entire, on long petioles. Flowers in axillary racemes. Calyx red externally.
IIab. In Pennsylvania ? -f J\ru ttall remarks that he saw- in the Herbarium of Z. Collins, Esq. a specimen of this plant; communicated by Mu hlenb <? r^-, and said to have been col= lected in Pennsylvania. I doubt, however, if it was not a gar- den specimen. In Mu hlenberg's Catalogue its habitat, is stated to be "Washita, Penn. H." {Hortis.) I have spe^ cimens from Florida, collected by Cafit. Lee on te.
125. ALCHEMILLA. L.
Calyx 8-cIeft; segments spreadino^, alternately smaller. Corolla 0. Style lateral, from the base of the germen. Fruit surrounded by the calvx. G&ru pi. 222. Niitt. Gen. I. p. 106. Juss. p. 337. Lam. III. t. LXXXIII. f. 3. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen.574>. Nat. Ord. Rosacea /z/^j. L-Jy's mantle.
AtcHEMiLLA. TETRANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 29!
A. alpina L, : leaves digitate, serrate at the extremity, white and satiny beneath. JVilld. Spec. I. p, 698. Smith FL Brit. I. p. 190. Eng. Bot. t. 244. Pursh Ft. I. u. 112. R 0 em. y Schu It. in. ^. 470.
Hab. On the peaks of high mountains in Vermont and New- Hampshire. P ur^ h.
I have seen no North-American specimens.
126. STMPLOCARPUS, Salisbury A
Spath ventricose, ovate, acuminate. Spadix sub- globose, covered with perfect flowers. Calyx deeply 4- parted, persistent ; segments cucullate, truncate, be- coming thick and spongy. Petals 0. Style pyramidal, 4- sided ; stigma simple, minute. Seeds solitary, im- mersed in the spongy receptacle. A'u 1 1. Gen. I. p. 105. Rich? Synop. Gen. p. 17. Pothi sp. Mich.^ R. ^ S., &c, Dracontii sp: L,, Willd., &c, IcTODEs Big. Am. Med. Bot. II. p. 41. Nat. Ord. Aroide^ Juss.
S. Joelida J^uti.hc, Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. t. la & 11. IcTODES /oe/ic/ws Big. 1. c. t. 24. Vothos foetida J^f tcA. /"/. 11. p. 186. PwrsA F/. II. p, 393. Bot, Mag, t. 836. Big, Bost. p. 39. Re em. ^- Schult. 111. p, 455. TJKktoiniivii foetidum L. Sp.pl. 1372. Willd, Spec, II. p. 288. D. foliis subrotundis concavis Cold. Koveb, 214. Gron.Virg.lU, C a t e s b. Car, U. p. 7], t, 71,
Root verticillately fibrous, truncate ; nbres very thick and fleshy. Leaves appearing as the spath decays, very large, ovate-cor- date, smooth. Spai/i ovate, 3 — 4 inches long, oblique, cucul» late, auriculate at the base, purple, spotted with green and yellow. Sfiadix pedunculate, oval or subglobose, more than half an inch in diameter. Flowers compact, and appearing tessellated. Calyx (corolla ?) 4-leaved, (deeply 4-parted, JV"m 1 1.) succulent, subcuneate. Stamens 4, opposite the leaves of the calyx ; filaments subulate, flat ; anthers exserted, obloug, 2-celled. Style distinct, tapering to a point. Seed larger than a pea, naked, enclosed in the spongy receptacle.
I I have not been able to find any other authority for this name escepi an anonymous, but useful work in its day, entitled, " A Synopsis of the Genera of North- American Plants," published at Georgetown in 1814; thi? author of which is understood to be O. Rich, Esq. As, however, the name is good, and is adopted by JVn t tally I shall continue tn use it.
J 92 TETRANDRIAo MONOGYNIA. symplocarp«j^
" Corculum small, involute, erect, umbilicately attached to s large carneous perisperm."t ^« 1 1. Hab. In swamps, wet meadows, and along brooks. The c6« loured spath appears above ground, in this vicinity, about the last of February. Towards the latter end of March, the invo- luted stipulps and leaves appear, soon after which the latter expand, and grow to a very large size. The whole plant pos- sesses a remarkable fetid odour, somewhat resembling that of tsafaetids^.
ORDER IL D I G Y N I A.
127. HAMAMELIS. L.
t'dyx 4-cleft, with 3 bracts (involucrum, L.) at the base. Petals 4, linear, very long. Nut coriaceous^ 2-celled, 2-homecl, cleft at the top. Seed 1 in each cell. Gen. pi. 226. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 107. Ju s s. p. 228. Lam. III. t. LXXXVIII. f. 1. Roem. ^ Schiilt. Gen. 58^. "Nsd. Ord. BerbefLibes Jus s. RuBiACE^ (^M. ^ S.J flitch Hazel.
H. virginica L- : leaves obovate, acute, dentate, cor- date, with the sinus small. W il I d. Spec I. p. 701 • M i c h. i'/. 1. p. too. P iirsh Fl.\.^.\\6. B i g. Bost. ^. AO. Elliott SA:. I. 219. Wang. Amer. ^. 89. t. 29, f. 62^ Gron. Virg. 139. Cold. J^oveb. p. 18. Roem. ^ Schult. ni. p. 483. H. mondiciij dibica, tt androgyfiai Walt. Car. ^^255.
I " The seed of the STMPtocARprs does not appear to possess any thing' like a proper cotyledon ; the embryo formed in the exact posture of the growing- plant (witli the radical downwards) differs not from it in any par- ticular but that of size. In place of a Cotyledon, there is a sheathing sti- pule similar to that which is ever afterward prodcced ; in fact, it is viva,- parous. The embryon is seated in a small umbilical or henaispherical de-- pfession, in the upper end of what may be called a ritellus rather than a perisperm, judging from its functions ; the callus or seminal tubercle is roundish and turbinate, nearly as large as a filbert nut, very solid and car- neous, possessing in a high degree the alliaceous fetor of the grown plant. The mutual point of attachment between this body and the embryon is at first a minute and nearly central funiculus, which' enlarges and becomes more distinct during the process of germination ; but what appears to be most sin.e;ular in it, is the length of time which it continues attached to the growing plant, apparently inert at the base of the casidcs for twdvc or even eighteen montirs." A*w tta I'l.
hamamelis. TETRANDRIA. DIGYNIA." I9a
A shrub 6--12 feet high ; trunks several, with numerous flexu« ous branches. Leaves 3 — 4 inches long, alternate, petiolate, strongly veined, slightly scabrous ; margin crenate or obscurely toothed. Flo-wera clustered by threes on axillary peduncles. Calyx foliaceous, persistent, with 3 small ovate bracts at the base, pubescent. Petals yellow, equal, about 4 times as long as the calyx, and not a line broad, a little crispid. Stamena very short; filaments alternating with the petals; anthers ad- nate to the extremity of the filament, 2-celled, each cell with a vertical valve ; at the base of each petal is a short flat abor- tive filament about as long as the fertile stamens. Germen vil- lous ; styles very short ; stigmas simple, obtuse. JVui (cap- sule ?) coriaceous, subglobose, with two short recurved horns, opening elastically ; cells polished internally. Seeds coated, black and shining ; " corculum fiat, enclosed in a carneous peri- sperm ; radicle descendent, opposite the hilum." Ju a s.
Hab. In moist woods; common. October — November. The flowers begin to appear while the leaves are turning yellow and decaying ; rarely in the spring.
/3. parvifolia J^ ut t. : leaves oblong-ovate ; upper part undulately and coarsely crenate ; under surface pubescent, somewhat hirsute ; segments of the calyx oblong ; stamens and perigynous filaments often nearly equal. J^ ut t. Gen. 1, c.
A shrub every way smaller than the common H. virginica^ with the branches nearly erect. Calyx somewhat coloured and diaphanous. Petals bright yellow. Hab. Mountains in Pennsylvania. JVu ttall.
The genus Hamamelis differs in several important charac- ters from the Nat. Ord. Berberides. J^uttall suggests, that it may be united with Fothergilla and Pachysandra, and form a distinct Order, allied to the Amentaceb, to which the name Fothergille^ may be given.f
ORDER III. TETRAGYNIA.
128. Ilex. 130. PotamogIton.
129. Sagina. 131. RuppiA.
128. ILEX. L
Calyx minute, 4 — 5-toothed. Corolla rotate, 4-part^ ed, or 4-petalled. Style 0 ; stigmas 4. Berry 4-seed'
t Vid, J^utt. Gen, 1.0. 25
194 TETRANDHIA. TETftAGYNlA. tLEl.
cd. GeiupL'232. Nutf. Ocw. I. p. 109. Juss, p. 379. Lam. III. t. LXXXIX. f. 1. lioem. ^ Schult. Gen. 598. Nat. Ord. Rhamni Juss. Flowers often dioecious or polygamous. Hollyc
1. I. opaca Ji i t. : leaves ovate, acute, spinous, smooth, flat ; fascicles of flowers loose, on the base of the }ouiiger branches; peduncles compound. JJ it. Kew. ed. l.l.p. 169. fVilld.Spec. I. p. 708. Mich. Ft. II. p. 228. P7<rs A F/. I. p. 117. Big. Bost. ^. A\. Roem.&S Schult. III. p. 487. I. Aquifolium Walt. Car. p. 241^
An evergreen tree, 30 or 40 feet high, though often only a large shrub, with smoothish bark ; branches sprearling. Leaves coriaceous, smooth and a Utile shining, about 2 niches long, greenish-yellow beneath ; margin armed with sharp spreading spines. Floivefs in small loose fascicles or peduncles, which are scattered along the lower part of the young branches ; fie- iliccls with minute bracts at the base. Calyx smooth, with ovate, acuminate, ciliate, segments. Corolla yellowish-white ; segments ovate, obtuse. Stamens shorter than the corolla, and alternating whh its segments; Jilaments dilated at the base; anthers oblong. Stigmas 4, minute, obtuse. Berries red, ovate, very smooth, remaining on the tree during part of the winter.
Hab. In sandy woods. In the pine barrens of New -Jersey, On the north side of Long-Island, in various places. June. Quincy, Cohasset, 8cc. Massachusetts. Bigelow. Near New-Haven, Connecticut. Ives.
2. L canadensis M i c h. ; leaves deciduous, ovate, very entire, smooth ; peduncles subsolitary, (or fasciculate,) very lonji, 1 -flowered; fruit obtusely suhquadrangular. Mich* F/.il. p. 229. t. 49. PurshFl.l.^.W^. P oir. Enc. Supp. HI. p. 66. Roem. ir Schult, III. p. 493.
A shrub 3 — 5 feet high, with smooth branches. iecT^f* alter" nate oval, or ovate oblong, an inch and a half or two inches: long, mucronate, on petioles one-third their length. Peduw cles generally fasciculate, very slender, rarely forked. Flonuen dioecious, rarely polygamous, very minute. Calyx inconspicu- ous, almost obsolete. Petals 4, lanceolate, somewhat acute, alternating with the stamens, white. Stamens 3 — 5, as long again as the corolla ; Jilaments slender, smooth ; anthers ovate, 2-celled. Stigmas 3 — 5. Berry dry, red, containing 4 I -seeded unconnected nuts.
Hab. On mountains and rocky hills ; seldom found within 30 or 40 miles of the sea-shore. May — June. On the Catskill Mountains, New-York. Knevels. Williamstown, &c., Massachusetts. Dewey. In New-Jersey and Pennsylvania* Muhlenb erg.
iLEi. TETRANDRIA. TE TRAGYNIA. 195
This species differs in some respects from the rest of the genus with which I am acquainted, but perhaps not sufficiently to constitute a new genus. The corolla appears to me to be 4-petalled, and not 4-cleft, as Ilex is stated to be. Jus- 9ie Uy however, says, " Corolla 4-partita, seu 4-petala, petalis ungue lato cohserentibus." I have never seen the leaves toothed, as they are represented in Michaux^s figure.
129. SAGINA. L.
Cahjx 4-leaved. Petals 4. Capsule 4-celled, 4-
valved, many-seeded. Gen. pi. 236. Nutt. Gen,
I. p. 109. Ju s s. p. 300. Roem.^<^ Schult. Gen,
604. Nat. Ord. Caryophylle^ /w 5 5. Pearl-xvort.
1. S. procumbens L. : perennial; stem procumbent, smooth; petals very short. Smith Fl. Brit. I. p. 199. Eng, Bot, 1 57. Wi lid. Spec. 1 . p. 7 1 8. P ur s k FL I. yt. 119. MuhL Cat.p.ld, E 1 1 io 1 1 SL l. ip. 221. Roem. ^Schult. III. p. 497.
JRoot fibrous (annual, i.. Sec.) Ste?n rooting, branched and spreading, 2 — 4 inches long. Leaves linear-subulate, oppo- site, connate at the base, about the root crowded. Peduncles axillary, solitary, longer than the leaves. Leaves of the calyx spreading, ovate, obtuse. Petals scarcely more than half the length of the calyx, entire, sonnetimes wanting. Capsule longer than the calyx.
Hab. On the borders of creeks and about springs, among rocks. Near Weehawk, New-Jersey. July. T. In the neighbour- hood of New-Haven, Connecticut j Stockbridge, Massachu- setts ; and about Troy, New-York. Eaton.
The habitat of this plant differs from the European species, which occurs in dry soils. Jn every other respect they agree precisely.
2. S. apetala L. : annual ; stem erect, pubescent ; leaves (Cuspidate ; flowers alternate ; petals very minute or 0. Wi 1 1 d. Spec. I. p. 7 1 9. Smith FL Brit. I. p. 1 99. H ook. Fl, Scot. p. 60. Eng. Bot. BBl. M uhl. Cat. p. 18. Roem, 4' Schult. III. p. 498.
Boot fibrous. Stems numeroiis, erect, filiform, slightly pubes- cent, ieaves subulate, cuspidate or almost aristate. Flowers on long slender peduncles. Petals nearly obsolete. Ca/isule nearly as long again as the calyx.
ilAB. In dry sandy fields ; New-Jersey ; particularly abundant in the pine barrens. May — June. In Pennsylvania. Muh- lenberg.
130. POTAMOGETON. L. Calyx 4-leaved. Corolla 0. Anthers sessile, alter- iiating with the divisions of the calyx. Nuts 4, 1-seed-
196 TETRANDRTA. TETRAGYNIA. potamookton'.
ed, sessile. Geji, pi. 254. Hook. Fl. Scot. p. 48. Nuft. Gen.l.p. 111. Juss. p. 19. Lam. III. U LXXXIX. f. 3. Roe m, ^ Sc h ult. Gen. p. 609. Nat. Ord. Naiades Jiiss. Aquatic plants. Leaves sheathing; flowers on axillary and terminal spikes.
Pond-weedr
* Upfier leaves Jlaating.
1, V , natans L, : upper leaves floating, coriaceous, ob- long-ovate, on long peduncles, (subcordate;) lower ones membranaceous, lanceolate, tapering to a footstalk. W ill d. Spec. I. p. 712. Smith Fl. Brit, I. p. 193. Eng. Bot, 1822. Pursh Fl.l.p.UO. B i g. Bost. i^. 4U Muhl. Cat. p. 1 7. Roem.^ Schult. III. p. 503. P. natans ^. Mich, FL I. p. 101.
Root perennial. Stem varying in length, according to the deptb of the water in which it grows. Upper leaves 2 — 3 inches long, an inch and a half, or 2 inches, broad, nerved, often cor- date at the base ; lower leaves very narrow. S/iike (sfiadix^ Hooker,) emerged, an inch or more in length, on a long ■ axillary peduncle, proceeding from a sheathing stipule. Leaves of the calyx roundish. Filaments 0 ; anthers 2-celled, ob- long. J^uts ovate, acute, compressed.
Hab. In lakes and slow-flowing waters. July — August.
2. P. jiuitans L. ; upper loaves floating, coriaceous, ob- long-lanceolate, petiolate, tapering at the base ; lower ones linear, sessile. fVilld. Spec. I. p. 713. Smith Fl. Brit. 1. p. 194. Eng. Bot. t. 1^6 . P ur s h Fl. I. ^. }'20. El- liott Sk. I. p. 221. Muhl. Cat. p. 17. Roem. ^ Schult. 111. p. 504. P. foliis lanceolato-oblongis, &;c. Gron. Virg. 1 39.
Stem as in the preceding species. Upper leaves about 3 inches long, nearly an inch broad, tapering at tlie base into a long pe- tiole, of an olive-green colour; lower ones very long and nar- row. Peduncles axiUaiy, abcut as long as the leaves, thick.
Hab. In ponds and gentle streams. July — August. Perhaps only a variety of P. natans.
3. P. htle.rophyllum S c hr e h. : upper leaves floatinci, petiolate. elliptical ; lower ones crowded, se^sile, linear. fVilld. Spec. I. p. 713. Smith Fl. Brit. I. p. 19i. Eng. Bo<. t. 1285. Pursh FL I. li. \20. E 1 1 i o 1 1 Sk. i. p. 2221* Ro6m.k Schult. III. p. 506. V.hubridum M i ch. FLl.p. 101.
Resembles P. Jiuitans, but is not half the size. Submerged
fOTAMOGKTON. TETRANDRIA. TETRAGYNIA. 197
leaves about a line broad, membranaceous, approximate, and appearing somewhat distichous. Hab. In similar situations with the preceding. August.
4. P. diversifolium Bart.: upper leaves floating, ellipti- cal, petiolate, 5-nerved; inferior ones filiform ; spike axillary, almost sessile, few-flowered. Bart. Comp. F/. Phil. I. p. 96. P. setaceurn Pursh F/. I. p. 120. P. capiUaceuni Poir. Enc. Supp. IV. p. 333 ? Roem.(^ Schul t. HI. p. .507.
Stems numerous, branched, filiform. Upper leaves about three- fourths of an inch long, and a line and a half broad, obtuse or a little acute, distinctly 5-nerved ; base attenuated into a very- slender petiole about as long as the leaves. Spikes 4 — 6- flowered, on very short peduncles.
Hab. In ponds and small streams. Plentiful in the pine bar- rens of New-Jersey. June Plaintield, Massachusetts. Por^ ter. Litchfield, Connecticut. Brace.
A very delicate and handsome species, quite distinct from the P. setaceurn of Europe.
* * Leaves <xll submersed.
5. P. perfoliatum L.: leaves amplexicaul, cordate, ovate, IV ill d. Spec. I. p. 713. Smith Fl. Brit. I. p. 194. Eng. JBof. t. 168. M ick. Fl. I. ^. lOl. P ur s h FI. l.p. \20. Muhl, Cat. p. 17. Roem. k Schult. III. p. 307.
Stem dichotomous. Leaves an inch or more in length, fcubpel- lucid, closely embracing the stem at the base, and thus ap- pearing perfoliate. Spike on a short peduncle, oblong, few- flowered.
Hab. In rivers and lakes ; common. Abundant in the Hudson above the Highlands. August.
6. P. lucens L. : leaves ovate-lanceolate, petiolate. Willd. Spec. I. p. 714. Smith Ft. Brit. I. p. 194. Eng. Bot.t. 376. Mich. FL I. p. ]0l. P ur s h Fl. \. p. \20. Muhl. Cat. 17. Roem.ir Schult. III. p. 509.
Stem long, branched, terete. Leaves 2 — 3 inches long, 1 inch broad, acuminate, abruptly contracted at the base into a short petiole, pellucid and reticulated. Peduncle elongated, (some- times 6 inches long.) Spike cylindrical, many-flowered, greenish-brown.
Hab. In rivers and lakes ; rarer than the preceding species. August.
The North-American plant, Mic hau x remarks, is four times smaller than the European, and the leaves not acuminate j but I have not been able to find any difi"crence between them, having specimens of the latter from England ?.nd Germany.
198 TETRANDRIA. TETRAGYNIA. poTAMoaETOjr.
7. P. crispum L. : leaves lanceolate, tapering, sessile, un- dulate and serrate. Willd. Spec. I. p. 714. Smith FL jBn7. I. p. 195. En^. BoL t. 1012. P m r 5 /» F/. I. p. 121. Roem. ^ Schult. III. p. 511.
Stem branched, subcompressed. Leaves an inch and a half long, 2 — 3 lines broad, membranaceous, acute. Sfiikea on pretty long peduncles, 8 — 10-flowered.
Hab. In Lake George, New- York. Mr. J. H. Eddy.
8. P. compressum L. : leaves linear, obtuse, sessile ; stem compressed. Willd. Spec I. p. 715. Smith FL Brit. I. p. ion. Eng. Bot. t. 418. Muhl, Cat. p. 17, Roem. ir Schult. III. p. 512.
Stem much branched, thick. Leaves 2 inches long, and about 2 lines broad, obtuse, or abruptly acuminate. Peduncles com- pressed. Flowers 4 — 6.
Hab. In slow-flowing streams. July — August.
9. P. paucifiorum Ph, : leaves sessile, narrovv^-linear, flat; spike capitate, 4-flowered ; stem slender,terete. P ur sh JF"/. I. p. 1 2 1 . Elliott Sk. I. p. 222. R o e 7n. ^r Schult, III. p. 516. P. gramuieum. Mich. FL I. p. 102,
Stem almost filiform, much branched. Leaves 2 — 3 inches long, not more than half a line broad, acute. Spikes on short pe- duncles, seldom perfecting more than 4 flowers. Seeds large.
Hab. In ponds and rivers ; very common. July — August.
10. V, pectinatum L.: leaves setaceous, distichously approximate, sheathing; stipules almost wanting; spike few- flowered, interrupted. Willd. Spec. I. p. 715. Smith Fl. Brit. I. p. 197. Eng. BuU t. 32.3. Pursh Fl. I. p. 121. Roem. ir Schul). III. p. 513. V. marinum M % ch.. Fl. 1. p. 102. P. exstipulatum M u h I. Cat. p. 17 ?
Stem filiform, much branched, dichotomous. Leaves very nu- merous, 4 — 6 inches long, attenuated to a fine point. Peduncle generally elongated. S/i'ike about an inch long, with the flowers arranged in a subverticillate manner. Seeds large in propor- tion to the size of the plant.
Hab. In ponds in the pine barrens of New-Jersey, Sec. June.
131. RUPPIA. L.
Calijx and Corolla 0. Seeds 4, pedicellate. Gen. pi. 235. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 111. Juss, p. 19. Lam, 111. t. XC. f. 1. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen. 611. Nat. Ord. Naiades Juss. Fluviales Rich^ (Ho ok. J An aquatic, plant. Flowers on a spadir
siuppiA. TETRANDRIA. TETRAGYNIA, 19J>
arising from the sheathing base of the leaves, which performs the office of a spath.
R. maritima L» Willd, Spec. 1. p. 717. Smith Fl, Brit. I. p. 198. Eng. Bot, t. 136. Hook. Fl. Scot. p. 59. Mzch, FLl.ip. 102. Pursh Fll. p. 121, Muhl.Cat, p. 17. Roem, >^ Schult. Ul.p, olS.
Hoot perennial. Stem very slender, much branched. Leaves setaceous, flat, 2 — 3 inches long ; sheaths long, inflated, mem- branaceous, Spadix at first included in the sheaths, 2-flower- ed. Anthers large, sessile, bursting horizontally. Germens minute, situated between the anthers ; stigmas sessile. Alter flowering the spadix becomes very much elongated, and (in tide water) spirally twisted. Seeds (dru/ies. Ho ok. J ovate, acuminate, gibbous, on pedicels about an inch long.
Hab. In salt water ditches, and in shallow bays. Common about Hoboken, New-Jersey. July.
The North-American plant resembles, in every respect, the European.
CLASS V.
PENTANDRIA.
ORDER L MONOGYNIA.
A. Seeds 4, naked, (AspERiroLiiE.)
* Seeds fixed io the bottom of the calyx^.
132. PULMONARIA. 135. EcHIUM,
133. LiTHOSPEhMUM. 136. MyOSOTISo^
134. Onosmodium. 137. Lycopsis. ** Seeds fixed to a central column.
138. Cynoglossum. 139. Rochema,
B. Flowers \-petalied, inferior. Seeds in a pericarp- ,
* Fruit a capsule,
a. Capsule ] -celled^ 340. Anagallis, 145:. Villar&ja.,
141. Lysimachia. 146. Hottonia.
142. Primula. 147. Samolus.
143. DODECATHEON. 148- SaBBATIA.
144. MenyantheSo 149. Hydrophyllum, /S. Capsule 2-(3')celled,
150. Phacelia. 153, Necotiana,
151. Spigelia. 154. HyoscyamuSo 162. Verbascum. 155. Convolvulus.
156. Ipom^a,
y. Capsule 3 — 5-selled.
157. Phlox. 159. Diapensu^
158. PoLEMONiuM. 160. Datura,
161. Azalea.
** Fruit a berry, 162. Physalis. 163- Solanuj?.
PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA* 201
Cc, Flowers 1-petalled, superior,
* Fruit a cap side.
1G4. Campanula. 165. Diervilla.
1G6. Lobelia.
''* Fridt a btrry,
167. LoNicERA. 169. Symphoria.
168. Xylosteom. 170. Triosteun.
D. Flowers 5-petalled, inferior.
* Fruit a capside.
171. Itea. 174. Claytonia.
172. Impatiens. 175. Ceanothus.
173. Viola. 176. Euonymus.
177. Celastkxjs.
** Fridt a berry.
178. RuAMNus. 179. ViTis.
180. Cissus.
E. Flowers 5-petalled, superior.
181. RiBES.
F. Flowers incomplete,
182. Hamiltonia. 184. Anychia.
183. Thesium. 185. Glaux.
132. PULMONARIA. L.
Calyx prismatic, pentagonal, 5-toothed. Corolla in* fimdibuliform; border 5-lobed; orifice naked. Seeds imperforate at the base. Gen, pi. 24141. Lehm. As- perifol p. 3. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p 1 15. Juss.^. 130. L a m. III. t. XCIII. Roe7n.W Schult. Gen. 629. Nat. Ord. Bo R A G I N e^ Ju s s. Lung-wort,
p. virgirdca L. : smooth ; stem erect ; calyx much shorter than the tube of the corolla ; radical leaves obovatc-oblong, obtuse; those on the stem narrower. Willd. Spec. I. p. 769. EvMrn. h. Berol I. p. 1 82. Bot. Mag. t. 160. M i c k» F/. I. p. 131. Pt^r 5 A F/. I. p. 130. E 1 1 i o 1 1 Sk. I p. 228. Wa It, Car. p. 91. R o em. &i S c h u 1 1. IV. p. 55. Lithospermum pulchrum Lehm. Asperif. p. 207. P, calyce
26
202 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. pulmonaria,-
tubo corollae breviore, kc. G ro n- Virg. 20. P lu k. Phyt. t. 227. f. 6.
Root perennial. Stein angular, a little branched towards the top. Lower leaves about 3 inches long, more or less obovate, very obiuse, smooth and a little glaucous. Flowers in terminal ra- cemes or fascicles. Calyx with lanceolate acute segments. Corolla large, bright blue ; tube straight, 5 — 6 times longer than the calyx ; border obscurely S-h^bed. Stafnens rather shorter than the corolla; filaments very slender; anthers ob- long. Style fiiiform, exserted ; stigma simple.
Hab. On the banks of rivers. Kear Albany, New-York. Eu' ton. in Pennsylvania. May. Muhlenberg.
This species is referred hy Le hm en n to the genus Litho- 9PERMUM, with which it agrees in many respects, though I think it is more nearly allied to Pulmonaria. All the North American species belong lo Ro t h' s genus Mertensia.
133. LITHOSPERMUM. L. Lehraann.
Calyx 5- parted ; segments acute, carinate. Corolla jnfundibuliform ; border 5-lobed ; orifice naked. Sta- mens included within the tube of the corolla. Stigtna obtuse, bifid. Seeds imperforate at the base, indurated, shining. Gen. pi. 241. hehm. Asperifol. p. 3.
Nutt. GCW. I. p. 113. LiTHOSPERMUM Z., BaTS-
CHiA Gin el., PuLMONARiiE spp. L., &c. Nat. Ord.
'BoR AGIN EJE Jus S. GfOmiVclL
1. L. attense L. : stem erect, branched ; kaves linear- lanceolate, rather acute, veinless, hairy; calyx nearly as long as the corolla, with spreading segments ; seeds rugose. Willd. 6/>ec. I. p. 731. Lehm. Aspe.rif. p. 321. Eng. Bot. t. 123. P ursh Fl.l.^.\3\. E i li o 1 1 Sk,l. t^.225. Roem. ^ SchultAW. p. 43.
iJoor annual. Plant hispidly pilose. Stem S — 12 inches high, much branched from the root. Leaven sessile ; the lower ones li'j^'ulate, obtuse. Flowers solitary, axillary, nearly sessile. Calyx with linear, acute segments Corolla small, white with a tinge of red. Seeds brown, rugose when ripe.
Hab. In corn fields and waste places ; common. April — July. Introduced.
2. L. oficinah L, : stem erect, much branched ; leaves lanceolate, acute, nerved, scabrous above, hairy beneath ; calyx as long as the tube of the corolla ; seeds smooth. Willd, Spfc. I. p. 731. Lehm. Aspenf. [i. 310. Eng, Bot. t. 134. Muhl. Cat. p. 18. (cxcl. syn. Mich.) Bo em. i^ Schult. IV. p. 42.
^ITMOSPKRMUM. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 203
Root perennial. Stem 2 feet high, much branched, scabrous. Leaves 2 — 3 inches long, with very prominent veins beneath. Flowers axillary, soliiary, on pedicels which are at lengtli cla- vate. Calyx thrice as long as the ripe seeds; segments linear, very hairy. Corolla pale yellow. Seeds white and shining, ovate, acute, but one or two ripening in each calyx.
Hab. Plainficld, Massachusetts. Porter. Litchfield, Con- necticut. Brace. In Pennsylvania and New-York. May. Muhlenberg. Introduced ?
P. latifolium of Michau x, I think, is a distinct species, having ovate, acuminate leaves, and deeply punctate seeds. Muhlenberg and l.ehmann have united it to L. offi' cinale.
3. L. marilimum L e h m. : very smooth ; stem procum- bent, branched ; leaves oval- spathulate, fleshy; corolla scarce- ly twice the length of the calyx. Lehm. Asperif, p. 291. PuLMONARiA maritima L. W ill d. Spec. I. p. 770. Eng. Bot.t36S. ?, parviflora Mich. Fl.l.p. 131. Pursh Fl. I. p. 56. R. ^ S. 1. c. p. 56.
Root perennial. Stem diffuse, much branched. Leaves mi- nutely acuminate. Peduncles lateral, 1 -flowered. Corolla su"bcampanulate, blue.
Hab. On the sea-shore of New-England. July. Pursh.
4. L. deniiculatum Lehm.: stem erect; leaves ner- vose, subglabrous, acute ; margin scabrous with minute teeth j radical ones ovate ; those on the stem oblong ; segments of the calyx denticulate on the margin. Lehm. Asperif. p. 294. VvLiAONAKiA deyiticulala R o em. <^ S c hu 1 1. \\ . p. 746. P. sibirica Pursh F/. 1. p. 729. (excl. syn.) M xi'h I. Cat. p. 18.
Root perennial. Stems numerous, 6 — 12 inches high. Leaves punctate above; the radical ones on long petioles ; those on the s^em sessile, atcenuated at each extremity. Peduncles many-flowered. Calyx very short, 5-parted; segments ob- long. Corolla purple. Style exserted ; stigma very minute. Lehm.
Hab. In New-York. June. Muhlenberg. Resembles PuLMONARiA virginica. Pursh.
5. L. canescejis Lehm. : stem, erect, simple, villose : leaves oblong, obtuse, silky above, subvillose beneath ; tube of the corolla as long agai'n as the calyx. Lehm. Asperif. p. 305. Batschia canescens Mich. Fl.l.p> 130. t. 14. Pwr sA F/. I. p. 132. £/ /io f / ^A-. I. p. 227. Roem. 4- Schull. IV. p. 53. & 743. Anchusa canescens Muhl. CM' p. 1 8. A. virginica L. Sp. pi. I. p. 191. fV illd. Spec. 1. p. 758. A. floribus sparsis, caule glabrc Gr on. Virg, p. 24^
504 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. lithospermum.
Root perennial, large, creeping ? red. Stems 8—12 inches high, se\eial from the same root, sometimes irichotomous near the summit. Leaves an incn and a ';ul{, or 2 inches, long, sessile, sliis- tly mucronate ; upper suiiace covered with a silky ap- prl!'*sod pubescence, pale green beneath. Flonvers axillary, crowded near the summit of the stem, so as to resemble a ra- ceme. Calyx scarcely huif as long as the corolla; segments linear, acute. Corolla bright orange; segments rounded. Stamens included. Style as long as the stamens; stigmas slightly bifid. Seeds ovate, shining, hard Hab.' Neai Fairfield, New-York. Prof. Ha die y. In Penn- sylvania. June. Muhlf-nberg.
The root of this plant is the Puccoon of the Indians, and is used by tiiem for pcintirig a beautiiul red. L. series a Lc li m. 1. c. p. 306., I have liitk doubt, is nothing more tliun a luxuri- ant variety of this species. He says it is from Virginia, and was sent to hini by M'h hlenberg.
6. L, hirlum Lehm.: plant hirsute ; floral leaves ovate ; those on the stem oblong; calyx with lon;^ lanceolate seg- ments. Lehm. jisptrij. ]). 304. Batschia carolinimsis Gmel. Si/st, Feg. L p.'sib. R o e m, i^ Schult. IV. p. 52. B. Gmelini Mich. Fl. I. p. 130. Pursh Fl. I. p. 132. Elliott SA;. 1. p. 227 . Anghusa hirta M u h I. Cat. p. 18. Anomymos caroliniensis fV all. Car. p. 91.
RqoC perennial. Stems 8 — 12 inches high, sin*ple, several from the same root. Stem leaves linear-nblong, obtuse ; tliose near the flowers broader and rounded. Floivers crowded in a ter- minal raceme. Calyx nearly as long as the tube of ti.e co- rolla, deeply 5-parted. Corolla orange, witii rouiided seg- ments. Stamens included; stigma minute, 2-lobed. Seed^ ovate, polished. Hab. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg.
134. ONOSMODIUM. Michaux.
Calyx deeply 5-parted; segments linear. Corolla subcampanulate ; border ventricose, half 5-cleft; seg- ments connivent, acute; orifice naked. Style much. exserted. Seeds ovate, shinhij^, irnperfonite at the base. Mich. FL I. p. 132. Purshia Spreng. itiLeh?n. Asperif. ^. A. Onosmodium Mich. ■ Li- THOSPERMi spp. L. Nat. Ord. Boragine^ Ju ss.
1. O. hispidnm Mich.: plant hispid; leaves obovate- lanceolale, papillose-punctate ; segments of the corolla subu- late. Mich. FL I. p. 132. 'Elliott Sk. I. p. 22G. Roem. ^Schult. IV. p. 57. Lithosfermum riV^intonMm L. Willd. Spec. I. p. 762. Walt. Car. p. 91. Purshia
oNosMODiuM. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 206
hispida L e km. Jsperif. p. 382. L. coraliarum laciniis acu- minatis hirsuds, Gron. Virg. 140.
Jiooc perennial. Stem 1—2 feet high, branched. Leaves 2 — 3 inches long, varying from oblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, sessile, somewhat triply-nerved, hairy, the hairs proceediiig from minute papillae. Flowers in terminal leafy race'.iies, at first recurved and nodding, but ei-ect wiien in fruit. Calyx cleft to the base ; segments subulate, acute. Corolla yellowish white, pubescent, longer than the calyx. F'damenta very short j anthers sagittate. Style filiform, about twice as long as the co- rolla ; stigma simple. Seeds ovate, gray, shining v^ith numer- ous depressions on the surface, angular on the inner side.
Hab. On dry lulls, particularly in calcareo\is soils. Kings- bridge, New-York. Near New-Haven, Connecticut. Eaton. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. August.
2. O. molh M ic h. : whole plant white-villose ; leaves oblong-oval, somewhat triply-nerved ; segments of the corolla semi-oval. M ich. Fl, 1. p. 133. P\irsh FL 1. p. 132. Roem, ^ Schult. IV. p. 397. Lithospermum moUe Muhl. Cat. p. 18. L. caroUnianum Lam. III. p. 397. PuRSHiA mollis L e km. A'iperif. p. 383.
Hab. In the western countries, from Pennsylvania to Tennesec. P ur s h.
Resembles the preceding species very much, but is distin- guished by its soft white pubescence, broader segments of the corolla. Sec. O. scabrum R. (Sf S. 1. c, appears to be nothing more than O. his/iidum.
I have adopted Mi c haux' s name of this genus, although objectionable; Purshia being applied by Dc Candolle to the TiGAREA trideritata Ph.
135. ECHIUM. /..
Calyx 5-parted ; segments subulate, erect. Corolla subcanipanulate ; tube \ery short; border unequally 5-lobed; the lower segment acute and reflexed ; orifice pervious. Stigma bifid. Seeds tuberculate, imper- forate at the base. hehm. Asperif. '^. A. Gen.pl. 251. Nil 1 1. Gen. I. p. 116. Ju s s. p. 130. L a ;/?. ///. t. XCIV. Roe m. 'd' Sc/iu It. Gen. 624. *Nat. Ord. BoR AGiNEiE Ju s s. Viper's Biigloss.
E. vulgare L. : stem tuberculate-hispid ; leaves linear- lanceolate, hispid; spikes lateral; staniens longer than the corolla. Lehm. JJsperif. p. 419. IV 1 1 1 d. Spec. p. 787. Eng. Bid. t. 181. Pursh Fl. 1. p. 1.30. .1/ /.■ h I. Cat. p. 19. Roe m. 4: S chilli. iV. p. 23.
206 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. echium.
Boot biennial. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, branched towards the top. Leaves sessile, ^biuse, eiitire, hispid and papillose ; radical ones petinlate. S/iikes numerous, secund, recurved. Flowers sessile, with leafy bracts at the base. Corolla brilliant blue, when first expanded reddish-purple. Stamens exserted ; en- thers minute. Style filiform, 2-cleft at the apex.
Hab. Oi» hill sides. Near New-Brunswick, New-Jersey. Miy — July. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. Intro- duced ? Blue-tueed.
136. MYOSOTIS. L.
Calyx 5-parted, or 5-cleft. Corolla hypocrateriform ; segments very obtuse; orifice closed with connivent scales. Lehm. Asperif. p. 79. Cen.pl 240. Nutt, Gt'Ti. p. 112. Juss. ^. lo\. R. Brown Prod. I. p. 494. Roem.^ Schult. Gen. 644. Nat. Ord. Bo R A G I K E ^ /z< s 5. Scorpion- grass.
1. M. palustris Roth.: leaves lanceolate, a little sca- brous with appressed hairs ; peduncles divergent when in fruit, twice as long as the 5-toothed spreading calyx ; border of the corolla flat, longer than the tube. Lehra. Asperif, p. 88. P ursh FL 1. p. 133. M. scorpioides W il I d. Spec, I. p. 746. M u h l. Cat. p. 1 8. Ro em. ^ S chul t. \Y. p. 101. M. scorpioides ^.palustris L. Sp. pi. 188.
Hoot perennial, creeping. Stem a foot high, slender, very smoollij a little branched towards the top. Leaves lanceolate, nar- rowed at the base, obtuse, covered with short appressed hairSy which are scarcely seen in the fresh plant. Racemes without bracts, very long, secund, at first recurved ; pedicels filiform, lengthening as the fruit forms. Teeth of the calyx acute. Corolla very small, bright blue, with a yellow spot in the cen- tre. Seed ovate, shining.
Hab. In riitches and small streams ; very common. May — July. The North- American plant differs from P. palustris of some European authors, in having very minute flowers, but almost exactly resembles specimens from England, sent to me by A. Hanvorth, Esq. L e h m a rin has made it a new species, which he calls M. laxa.\
J^. M. arvcnsis S i b f. h. : leaves oblong-lanceolate, hairy : racemes long; pedicels short, spreading when in fruit; calyx S-cleft, closed ; limb of the corolla erect-spreading, about as
\ M. laxa: caule filiformi l.iso, foliis ohovato-lanceolatis obtusis sub* glabris, racemis ebracteiilis longissimis, pedicellis in fructu divergentibus longissimis calyce patente obtuso muUo-lon^ioribus, corollis parvjs. Lehm. 1- c. p. b3.
KY0S0T15. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. !I07
long as the tube. Lehm. ^sperif. p. 90. Will d. Spec, I. p. 747. Pur sh Fl. I. p. 133. Muhl. Cof. p. 18. Rocm. ir S chult. IV. p. 103. M. scorpioides a. arvensis L. Sp» pi. 188. jM i c h. Fl. [. p. 129. M. verna N utt. Gtn. Supp, Lycopsis virgmica P ur sh FL I. p. 133 ? excl. syn.
Root annual. Whole plant covered with a gray pubescence. Stem simple or with a few branches, 4 — 8 inches high. Leaver oblong-lanceolate, rather acute. Racemes long. Flowers on short petioles. Calyx covered with spreading hairs; seg- ments acute. Corolla white, very small. Seeds smooth and shining.
Hab. In sandy woods. New-York and New-Jersey. June.
137. LYCOPSIS. L.
Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla infundibuliform ; tube in-* curved; orifice closed with ovale connivent scales. AS^ef/^ perforated at the base. Gen. pi. 250, Nutt. Gen. I. p. 116. Juss. p. 131. Lam. III. t. XCII. Roem. ^ Schult, Gen. 638. Nat. Ord. Bora- gin e jE Juss. Small Bugloss,
L. arvensis L. : leaves lanceolate, semiamplexicaul, re- pand-denticulate, very hispid •, racemes leafy; caljx erect. Willd.Spec.l.p.lQO. Eng. Bot. t. 93ii. PiirshFl.], p. 132. Muhl. Cat. Id. Roem. ^' Schult, W.^. 12. Anchusa arvensis Lehm. Asptrif. p. 225.
Root annual. Whole plant hispid, almost bristly. Leaves about 2 inches long, the lower ones tapering into a petiole. Calyx: as long as the tube of the corolla; segments lanceolate, erect when ill fruit. Corolla blue ; border a little unequal. Seeds reticulated with elevated veins, with a lateral ring near the base.
Hab. In sandy fields. Near Cambridge, New-York. Dr. Stevenson. Williamsiown, Massachusetts. Dewey. Scarcely different from Anchusa, except in the tube of the eoroUa being curved.
138. CYNOGLOSSUM. L.
Calyx 5-parted. Corolla short infundibulifofni ; orifice closed \vith connivent scales. Seeds depressed, fixed to a central colum. Gen. ^1.243. Lehm, Asperif. p. 70. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 114. Juss. p. 131. Lam. ///. t. XII. f. 1. Roem. iis)' Schult, Gen. 639. Nat. Ord. Bo b a c i n e^ /;^ ^ s. HowkPs
tongue*
CiOS PENTANDRIA. MOKOGYNIA, cykoglosscm,
1. C. officinale L. : leaves broad-lanceolate, attenuate at the base, sessile, downy; stamens included. Willd, Spec. I. p. 760. L e h m. Jisperif. p. 152. Eng. Bot. t. 921- Pursh Fl. I. p. 123. Big. Bost. p. 47. Roem. ^r Schult. IV. p. 74.
Boot biennial. Whole plant of a duil green colour. Stem a foot and a half or 2 feet high, branched. Lower leaves at- tenuated at the base ; upper ones sessile. Flowers in ter- minal paniculate racemes. Segments of the calyr horizontal in fruit, ovate-lanceolate. Corolla dull purplish-red, about as long as the calyx ; segments rounded. Seeds large, covered with short rigid prickles.
Hab. On road sides and in waste places ; very common, June — July. Introduced from Europe.
2. C. virginicum L. : leaves oval-oblong, acute, hairy ; upper ones cordate and amplexicaul at the base ; corymb on a large naked peduncle. Lot. Sp. ;?/. p. 134. Willd, Spec. I. p. 762? Lchm, Asperif^ p. 156. C ample xicaulc Mich. Fl.\.^. 132. Pursh FL\. p. 133. Elliott .S7r. I. p. 228. Roem. ^ Schult AN :p.ll. C. foliis am- plexicaulibus G r on. Virg. p. 24.
Root perennial. Stem 2 — 3 feel high, erect, simple, retrorsely hairy. Radical leaves 3 — 6 inches high, petiolate ; those on the stem contracted towards the base ; upper ones sessile. Coryinb, or panicle, few-flowered, on a long almost naked peduncle ; flowers on pedicels 3 or 4 times their lengtli. Segj ments of the calyx oblong, rather obtuse. Corolla blue and white ; border erect-spreading'; segments ovate-lanceolatCo Seeds rough.
Hab. In moist shady woods. Hudson, New- York. Alsofi. Williamstown, Massachusetts. Dewey. In Pennsylvania >, Muhlenberg. May.
1 39. ROCHELIA. Roem. c^ Schult. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla hypocrateriform ; orifice closed by connivent scales. Se,eds fixed to a central column, echinate, compressed. Roem. £s? Sc h iilt. Gen. 645. Echinospermum hehm. Myosotis spp. L. Nat. Ord. BoRAGiNE^ /w5j. 1. R. Lappula R. ^ S:: stem branched above; leaves lanceolate, with incumbent hairs ; corolla longer than the calyx; border erect- spreading; seeds with 2 rows of hooked prickles on the margin. Roem. ^ Schult. IV. p. 109. Myosotis Lappula L. Willd. Spec. I. p. 749. Mich. Fl. I. p. 129. Pursh Fl. I. p. 134. Echinospermum Lap- pula Lchm. Jsperif. p. 121.
feocHELiA. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIAo 209
Root annual. Stem about a foot high, branched above in a pani- culate manner. Leaves linear-lanceolate, very hairy, Floivera erect when in fruit. Calyx deeply 5-parted ; segments linear, acute. Corolla minute, blue. Sttds not depressed, rough with hooked prickles.
Hab. On road sides; generally in damp soils; very comtmon in the northern and western parts of the Statu of New-York. July — August.
2. R. virginiann R. S/ S. i leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, scabrous above ; racemes divaricate ; flowers nodding when in fruit; seeds densely covered with hooked prickles. Roem. S,r Schull. W. p. 108. Mvosotis vir- giniana L. Will d. Spec. 1. p. 748. M i c h. FU I. p. J 29. Pursh FL I. p. 134. Elliott Sk. I. p.. 224, Echino- STERMUM virginicum Lehm. Asperif. p. 117.
Root biennial, ^tem 2 feet high, hairy, divaricately branched at the summit. Leaves 3 inches long, acute at each extremity. Racemes, or flowering branches, dichotomous. Pedicels at length refiexed, longer than the flower. Segments of the calyx lanceolate. Corolla ivhite, very small.
Hab. On shady rocjsy hills. Hoboken, Sec. New-Jersey. July.
140. ANAGALLIS. L. Calyx 5-parted. .Corolla rotate, 5-lobed. Filaments hirsute at the base. Capsule globose, bursting all round transversely, many-seeded. Geii. pi. 270. Nu 1 1. Geji. I. p. 122. Juss. p. 95. Lam. III. t. lOL Roem. y Schult. Gen. 652. Nat. Ord. Lysima- cHi^ Juss. Primulace^ B. Brown. Pim- pernel. A. arvensis L. : stem procumbent ; leaves ovate, sessile, dotted beneath ; se2;ments of corolla dilated, crenate-glandu- lar. Smit h FL Brit. I. p.. 230. Eng. Bot. t. 529, Pursh Fl. 1. p. 1 35. B ig. BosL p. 48. Elliott SL I. p. 235. Ai arvensis ^. Lin. Willd. Spec. I. p. 821. A. phcenicea
L a m. Roc m. 4' Schult. I V^ p. 116. I Root annual. Stem quadrangular, 4 — 6 inches long. Leaves opposite, sessile, often cordate, very entire. Flowers on axil- lary footstalks. Segments of the calyx subulate, carinate, sca- - rioiis on the margin. Corolla scarlet, longer than the calyjjf. Hab. In sandy fields and cultivated grounds, June — July. In traduced.
ril. I^YSIMACHIA. L. Calyx 5- cleft. Corolla rotate, (and subcampanu- late)^ 5-deft. Capsule 1-seeded, 5 or 10-valved. Gen,
27
^10 FENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIAv lysimachia.
/;/. 269. Nutt. Gen. L p. 12L Juss. p. 95. Lam. 7//. t. CI. Roem, y Schult. Gen. 653. Nat. Ord. Lysimachi^ Juss. Loosestrife o
1. h. slrkta A i t. : raceme terminal, very long, lax; leaves opposite, lanceolate, sessile,- jftt. Kew. Lp. 199, Willd. Spec. I. 818. Big. Bosl. p. 49. R o e m. <$.- Schult. IV. p. l-2i\ L. racemosa Lam, Enc, 111. p. 571, JWicA. F/. I. p. 128. Pursh FL 1. 135. L. hulbifera Curt. Mag. t, 104-.
Hoot perennial. Whole plant very smooth. Stem erect, a foot anda half high. Leaves tapering at each extremily, punc- tate, iVeqe'cntly with small bulbs in the axils. Flowers in a terminal- race Fne 5^ — 8 inches long. Pedicels slender, nearly an inch long, spreading alwiost horizontally, with subulate bracts at the base. Segments ol the calyx lanceolate, acute. Corolla twice a3 large as tlie calyx, yellow, spotted with red. Stamens unequal. Cafisule globose, 5-valved, 5-seeded.
Hab. In low, overflowed grounds. July — August.
2. L. quddr'tfoUa L. ; leaves verticillate, in fours and fives, 6vate-!anceolate, acuminate; peduncles axillarj, 1 -flowered, in fours ; segments of the corolla oval, entire, often obtuse. Wil Id.- Spec, l.^^WQ. Pursh Fl.l.ii.] 3b. Big. Bosl. p. 49. Elliott Qk. \. p. 233,. R o e m. 4^ Schul t. IV. p. 123. L. hirsuia Mich. FL- L p. 124. L. punctata Walt. Car. p. 92.
Jioot perennial. S'te^n a foot or mbre bigh, more or less hairy, simple. Leaves generally in fours, but someiifnes in fives or even sixes, spreading, punctate ; margin and under surface a little hairy. Peduncles shorter than the leaves. Segments of the calyx linear-lanceolate, punctate with IMack. Corolla twice the length of the calyx ; segments, ovate, obtuse. Sta- mens unequal ; fUaments glandular-pubescent, dilated and united into a shoit lube at the base ; anthers oblong, incum- berit. !^iyle as long as the stamens, persistent ; stigma %\Tsi- pie. Ca/isule 5-valved, 5-seeded.
Hab. In wet meadows and thickets. June — July.
3. L. ciliala L, : stem nearly smooth; leaves opposite, on long petioles, snbcordate-ovate, acuminate; petioles ciliate ; peduncles subgeminate ; flowers nodding. L. Sp. pL p. 210. jl/ic/i. /v. 1. p. 126. PurshFL\.\^.\2,&. Big.Bost. p. 48. Elliott Sk. ].Y>. ^33. Roem. <^ Schult. \V. p. 127. IV a 1 1. Car. p. 92. L. (fuadrifolm /?. ciliata Will d. Spec. 1. p. 818.
Root perennial. Stem 2—3 feet high, very smooth, with a few axillary branches near the middle. Leaves on petioles one-
f^YfliMACHiA. PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. QIl
fourth their length, about 3 inches long, an inch and a half broad, not dotted; upper ones in fours." Flowers nearly as large again as in L. quadrifolia. Peduncles 1 -flowered. Seg- ments of the calyx lanceolate, acuminate, longer than the lipe capsule. Corolla deeply 5-cleft ; segments somelioaes short- acuminate, crenulate. Stamens nearly equal ; Jilamcnts short, glandular, not dilated at the base, inserted into a ring at the orifice of the corolla, with intermediate teeth ; anthers linear, at length recurved. Cafisule 5-celled, many-seeded. Hab. In wet thickets, and on the margins of rivers. July.
4. L. hybrida M i £ h. : slem smooth ; leaves opposite, pe- tiolate, lanceolate, acute at each extremity; petioles ciliate; ilowers nodding; peduncles axillary; corolla crenulate. M ic h. Fl. I. p. 126. Pursh Fl. I. p. 136. Roem, ir Schult. IV. p. 126. L. hcUrophylla Nutt. Gen. I. p. J 21. L. angust.i/(jji(^ W iii d. Enum. h, Berol. I. p. 195.
Root perennial. Stei^ a foot and a half high, angular. Lower leaves ovate-Janceolatc, upper linear-lanceolate, in threes or fours, narrowed &t ihe i)ase into a petiole which is distinctly ciliate. Pedutick? axillary, shorter than the leaves. Seg- ments of the calyx ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla longer than the calyx; divisions abruptly acuminate, crenulate. Stamens nearly equal, with intermediate short processes ; an- thers linear, at length recurved. Cafisule 5-valved, many- seeded.
Hab. In swamps and on the muddy banks of rivers. Common in the Newark meadows, New-Jersey. July — August.
I think this species is scarcely more than a variety of the preceding ; the principal mark of distinction being its nar- rower leaves, -which are never cordate at the base.
5. L. longifotia Ph. : stem branched, smooth ; leaves opposite, sessile, linear, very long, upper ones in fours; pe- duncles in fours, subtermiaal, I-llo\vered; segments of the co- rolla ovate, acuminate, serrulate. Pursh Fl. 1. p. 135. Roem. ^' Schult. IV. p. 12 L L. quadrifolia Sims, BoL Mas. t. 6G0. A i t. Ktw. ed. 2. II. p. 315. Elliott Sk. I. p.'^234,
J^oot pefpnnidl. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, slender, angular. Leaves of the stem about 2 lines broad, Hat, very acute, tapering at the base, not dotted ; fioral leaves verticillate. Flowers mostly on the extremity of the brandies, at length nodding. Seg- ments of the calyx luiear-lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla a third longer than tl)e calyx, aliruptly acuminate, crenate. Sta- mens subeqiial, vvith intermediate teeth; anthers oblong. Cafisule 5-valved, many-seeded.
Hah. In wet woods, near ponds. Pennsylvania to Virgii.ia.
Pu
21? PENTANDRIA. MONOGYjNIA. lysimachu.
I have seen no northern specimens of tliis plant. Mu h- lenb^rg considers it a variety of L. quadri/olia, yet it ap- pears to me very distinct.
6. L. capitala Ph.: stem subsimplc, punctate; leaves ppposite, sessile, broad-lanceolate, punctate; peduncles axil- lary, elongated ; flowers in dense subglobose heads, 6 — 7- parted. P ur s h Fl. I. ^. X3d, R o em. ^- S c hul I, IV, p. }23. L, thjrsijlora ? M i p h. FL I, p. 127.
Root perpnnial. Stem a foot and a half hi(;h, sornetimes a little branched about the middle, smooth or subvilluse, terete. Leqves opp;)site, lanceolate, becoming broader with age, narrowed at each extremity, when young slightly pubescent beneath, cover- ed with minute black dots. Fioivtra in roundish or ovate heads on peduncles about one third the length of the leaves. Calyx 6 or 7-(rarely 5-)parted \ segments lineor lanceolate. Corolla nearly as long again as the calyx 5 — 6-clefi; segments lanceolate, not dotted. Stamens 6 — 7, much exserted, dilated and united into a short tube at the base ; anthers minute. Germeti nearly round, dotted with red, woolly at the top ; style ratner shorter than the stamens ; stigma capitate. Cafisulc 5-valved, 5-seeded. Seeds angular.
Hab. In the cedar swamp at New-Dnrham, New-Jersey. Cam" bridge, New-York. Stevenson. Fairfield, N. Y. Had" ley. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. June.
This species sirongly resembles L. thyrsifolia of Europe. In all the specimens which I have examined the calyx and co- rolla were mostly 6-cleft.
7. h- Tf-jolula jY u 1 1, ; stem quadrangular, branched j leaves opposite, sestjilc, long-linear; margin revolute ; pet dunclcs 1-flowered, subterminai, nodding. jY u 1 1. Gen, I. p,
J22,
Root perennial. "Plant very smooth. Stem a foot or eighteen inches high. Radical leaves spathuiatc, on long petioles; those on tiie stem about 3 inches long and 2 lines broad, with several shorter ones in the axils, rallier obtuse, narrowed at the base, very entire, not punctate. Mowers mostly on the svim- mit of the stem, and on the extremity of the branches, pe- duncles slender, at length elongated. Segments of the calyx- ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. Segments of the corolla round- ovate, abruptly acuminate, undulate. Stamens subequal, vvitli ^intermediate teeth ; anthers linear-oblong, very large. ' Cafi- sule 5-valvcd, many-seeded.
IIab. On rocks about the Falls of Niagara. Eddy and Cooper. August. Always on calcareous soil. .A^w // a //.. In habit^ much resembling Mypekioum galioidcs oi L a ni.
112, PRIMULA. L. j^lowcrs ij) an involucr4te un^bel. Cabjx tubylar,
PRIMULA. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 21 S
5-toothecl. Corolla hypocrateriform ; tube cylindrical;
orifice naked ; border 5-lobed ; lobes emarginate.
Capsule 1 -celled, opening with 10 tectli. Gen. pi.
^58. JVutt. Gen. L p. 119. Juss.p.96. Lam.
III. t. XCVllI. Bo em. £s? Schult. Gen. 658.
Nat. Ord. L y s I M A c H I iE Jus s. Primrose.
P. farinosa /S. amerkana* : leaves obovale-spathulate, repandly crBnate-dcntate, pulverulent beneath ; umbel many- flowered ; peduncles spreading; border of the corolla flat, as long as the tube, vyith obtuse obcordatc segments. P. farinosa Torrey in Sill. Jour. IV. p. 59. K utt. Gen. 1. p. 1 1 9. Muhl. Cat. p. 1 9. P. pusilla G oldie in Edin. Phil. Jour, VI. p. 322. // 0 o k. Exot. Bat. t.
Hoot perennial, fibrous. Leaves an inch or more in length, crowded, very obtuse, covered beneath with a yellowish green powder, sometimes nearly entire. Scafie 6 — 10 inches long, smooth. Umbel 8— 10-flowered, fastigiale. Leaves of the involucrum numerous, subulate, pulverulent. Pedicels spread- ing, filiform. Segments of the calyx lanceolate, acute, or ra- ther <jbtuse, shorter than the tube of the corolla, pulverulent on the inner side. Corolla pale purple or Hlac, with a yellow . centre ; segments so deeply emarginate as to appear obcor- date; orifice slightly glandular. Filamcntfs very short, in- serted into the tube of the corolla, near its orifice ; anthers ob- long, included. Style short ; stigma subglobose. JIab. On the shores of Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Sec. Douglass and jYu 1 1 all.
I have carefully compared numerous and-very perfect speci- mens of this plant, collected by Cufit. Douglass, with those of F. farinosa in my herbarium from England, Sweden, and other parts of Europe, without being able to discover cha- racters that will distinguish it as a species. The mark of the crenate-dentate leaves is not of great importance, for some of roy Eyrqpean specimens have the leaves quite entire, while in others they are distinctly crenate. Professor Ho o k c. r, how- ever, thinks the P. pusilla pf Q oldie to be very distinct from P. farinosa ,■ though there can be no doubt that it is the plant described above. The figure in the Edinburgh Philoso- phical Jtmrnal, 1. c. t. XI. f 2. was taken from a garden spe- cimen, and represents the plant with fewer flowers than it bears in its native situation. n
143. DODECATIIEON. L.
Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla S-parted ; segments reflect- ed. Filaments very short ; anthers connivent. Cap- sule 1-celled, oblong, opening at the apex. Gen. pL 2^1. jXutt. Gen A. \>. 119. Juss.\i. 97. Lam.
214 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. dodecatheon,
///. t. XCIX. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen. 656. Nat. Ord. Lysimachi^ Juss. American Cowslip,
1. D. Meadia L: leaves oblong-oval, repandlj toothed; umbel many-flowered, lax; bracts oval. W il Id. Spec. I, p. 108. CurU Ma^.t. \% M i c h. FL ]. p. 123, P ur s k FL I. p. 136. Roem- ^ Schult. IV. \i. 131.
Bool perennial, Leavps about 4 inches long, and an inch broad, very smooth, spreading, tapering at the base. Scafie 8 — IQ inches long, erect, simple, smooth. Umbel 12 — 14-flowered ; peduncles unequal ; flowers nodding. Leaves of the involuc- rum (bracts) numerous. Segments of the calyx much shorter than the corolla, ovate-lanceolate, reflected. Corolla purple, segments linear, about three-.fourths of an inch long. Fila- ments inserted into the tube of the corolla; anthers very- large, connivent into a rostrum. Style filiform, longer than the stamens ; srz>ma simple.
Hab. On river sides, in rocky situations ; Pennsylvania to Vir- ginia. May. P v-rs h.
2, D. integrifolium Mich. : leaves oblong-oval, subspa- thulate ; umbel few-flowered, straight ; bracts linear. M r c h, F/. 1. p. 876. PurshFl. I. p. 136. R o e m. ^ S c hu 1 1. JV. p. 132.
Flowers pale blue, smaller than in the preceding species. Ph. Has. On the Allegany Mountains, in shady woods, near rivers. P urs h.
\U, MENYANTHES. L.
Calyx 5-parted. Corolla infundihuliform ; border spreading, 5-lobed, equal, hairy within. Stigma capi- tate, sulcate. Capsule 1-celled, 2 valved; valves semi- niferous on the sides. Gen. pL 263. JVutt. Ge?i. I. p. 120. Juss. p. 98. Lam. III. t, C. f. 1. Roem. Ss? Schult. Gen. 665. Nat. Ord. LysiMACHiiE Juss. Gentian^e fR. Brown, Hooker.) Buck -bean or Marsh Trefoil.
M. Irifoliata L. : leaves ternate. Willd. Spec. I. p. 811. Smith FL Brit. \.\).225. Eng. Bof. U id5. M i c f>. FL 1. p. 125. Pursh FL I. p. 139. Big. Post. p. 50. Roem. y Schult, IV. p. 117.
Root perennial, thick, long. Stem about a span high. Leaves peliolate ; leaflets obovate, obscurely toothed; petiole sheath- ing at the base. Raceme subpyramidal, many-flowered, on a long naked peduncle. Pedicels thick, with a short ovate bract
life^7ANTHES. PENTANDRIA. lilONOGYNIAo 215
at the base. Calyx about a third as long as the corolla ; seg- ments obiong, obtuse. Corolla reddish-white, hairy on the up- per side ; segments lanceolate, acute. Stamens about as long as the corolla; anthers oblong, brown. Style elongated ; stigma large, thick. Hab. In shady swamps; common in New-Jersey. May.
145. VILLARSIA. Gmelin, Calyx 5-parted. Corolla rotate, 5-Iobed; segments bearded at the base, with their margins inflected. Glands (nectaries) 5, alternating with the stamens. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, many- seeded. G me L Systt Veg. h p. 447. R. Br own Prod. I. p. 457." Nutt. Gen, I. p. 120. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen. 660» Menyanthes spp. L. Nymphoides Totirn, Nat, Ord. Gentians /w^j. (R. Br own. J
Y. laamosa Vend: lesves reniform, subpeltate, slightly crenate,' lacunose beneath ; petioles bearing the flowers; co- rolla smooth. Vent, choix de plant, p, 10. P ur s h Ft. I. p. 1 39. V. aqualka G meU\. c, Roerm^'Schul t. IV. p. 180. V. trachjsperma Elliott Sk. I. p. 230/ Meny- anthes trackyspernia M i c hi Fl. I. p. 126. Anoxymos aquatica Walti Car. p« lO'J.
Root perennial. Plant floating. Stem (or rather petioles) vftry long, filiform, smooth. Leaves cordate-reniform, about an inch in diameter, coriateous, obscurely crenate ; sinus at the base narrow. Flowers somewhat umbellate, bursting from the petiole near the leaf. Pedicels slender, unequal. Segments of the calyx ovate-lanceolate. Corolla subcampanulate, yellowish white, twice the length of the corolla, marcescent ; segments oblong, obtuse. Filaments very short ; anthers sagittate, yel- low. JVectaries hairy-pedicellate. Style very short ; stigma slightly 2-lobed, glandular. Capsule ovate, nearly as long as the calyx. Seeds scabrous.
Hab. In ponds and lakes ; rarely in flowing water. Long- Island and New-Jersey. In Crooked Pond, Plainfield, Massa- chusetts. Porter. In Sand-Lake, near Albany, New- York. Eaton. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg.
Among the flowers there are frequently produced a number of callous spur-shaped bodies, an inch or two in length, which are reflected upon the petiole. With the nature of these I am unacquainted.
146. HOTTONIA. L, Calyx 5-parted. Coralla hypocrateriform, 5-lobed. Stamens seated upon the tube of the corolla. Stigma
21*5 FENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA, hottonia-
globose. Capsule 1 -celled, globose, acuminate. Geiu pi 265. Nutt. Gen. I. 120. Juss. p. 95. Lam. ///. t. C. jRoem. b' Schult, (Jen, 664.. Nat. Ord. L Ysi M A c H i^ Ju s s. Water-feather,
H. injlala L. : scape articulafc, with the internodes and' lower part inflated ; flowers verticillate, pedunculate. E l- liott SA', 1. p. 231. JVuft. Gen. 1. 120. H. palustris Pnrsh Fl. I. p. 1 20. M u h L Cat. p. 1 9.
Root perennial. Stem thick, spongy, p;enerally submersed. Leaves long, irregulaiJy crowded, beautifully pectinate. From the summit of the stem arise several (^6—10) naked flower-
. stalks or scapes. Scatics\o\u\.e,i\ towards the summit, the space between the joints, but particularly the space below the flowers, inflatetl. Flom'ern verticillate, generally four in each whorl. Pidunclcs ne^u'ly half an inch long. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla white, apparently ?hort^r than the calyx. Cafimle glo- bose. Elliott.
Hab. In stagnant waters of New- Jersey. Pursh. Near New-Haven, Connecticut. Ives, In Pennsylvania. Muh- lenberg,
H7. SAMOLUS. L
Calyx 5-cleft, half superior. Corolla hypocrateri-- form, 5-lobed, with 5 intermediate scales, (sterile sta- mens, R. Brow n.J Capsule half inferior, 1-celled, 5-toothed, many-seeded ; receptacle unconnected. Gen^ pi. 294. R. Brown Prod, I. p. 428»- ^V?^ 1 1, Gen. J. p. 121. Juss. ^.91. Lam. III. t.CL Roem, ^o^ S'chult. Gen,' 852. Nat. Ord. Lysimachi.e Juss.-\ Brook-weed or fFater PimperneL
S. Vakrandi L. : ^tem erect ; leaves obovate ; racemes elfMigaled, loose, many-flowered. iVilld. Spec. I. p. 1)27. S7nit h FL Bni. 1. p. 259. Fn^. Bot. t. 70S. M i c h. Fl. l.p. 109. Pwrs/t J/. I. p. 15». Elliott Sk.\.^.<2Q^. Walt, Car. p. 100. R o em. (^ ScAwH. V. p. 1.
Boot perennial. Stem about a span high, terete, smooth, slender. JLfflX'f's somewhat fleshy, an inch long, smooth, very obtuse, en- lire, tapering at the base into a petiole. Pedicels with a-mi- nute bract near the nviddle. Flowers minute, white. Seg- ments of the calyx ovate, acute. Corolla as long again as' the
i According to R. Brown, Samoxcs differs from Phimclace^ CJ^!/si' viachia Juss- J in havmg Uie capsule with its base, at least", inferior, m the seeds umbvlicated near eiich extremity, and in the 5 sterile stameus^.
»AtfOL0S. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 217
calyx ; lobes obtuse or emarginate. Cafisule obovate, opening at the top with 5 spreading teeth, or short valves. Seeds angular. ^AB. In bogs and low wet grounds; generally near the salt water. June — October.
148. SABBATIA. A dan son.
Calyx 5— 12-parted. Corolla rotate, 5—- 12-parted* Stigmas 2, spiral. Jltithers at length revolute. Cap- sule 1 -celled, 2-valved. A dans. Farad. Land. t. 32. Pursh Fl. I. p. 123. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 134. Roem. £s? Schult. Gen. 662. CHiRONiiE spp, L., Mich.y &c. Nat. Ord. Gentian^e /m^^.
1. S, campanulata* : leaves sublinear ; calyx as long as the corolla. Cnmom k campamdata L. Sp.pl. 272. fVilld. Spec. I. p» 1067. MuhL Cat. p. 23. C. gracilis Mich. Fl. I. p. 1 46 .?t Sab. gracilis Pursh Fl.l.^. 137?
" Stem a foot high, terete ; branches long. Leaves lanceolate- linear, smooth. Flowers terminal, subsolitary, purple, seated on long peduncles. Leaves of the calyx subulate, as long as the corolla, ./int/iers spiral." Linn.
Hab. In wet pastures. Pennsylvania to Carolina. Pursh. In Maryland. Muhlenberg.
It is somewhat doubtful whether the C. gracilis of Mi c ha u x is the same as tlie C. campanulata which Ka I m found in Ca- nada. They are considered synonymous by Pursh and Mu hlenbergy but Le conte thinks they are quite dis- tinct.
2, S. stellaris Ph. : stem terete ; branches dichotomous, elongated, 1 -flowered; leaves lanceolate, acute; segments of the calyx subulate, half as long as the corolla; segments of the corolla obovate. Pursh Fl. I. p. 137. Roem, *$/• Sc Aw/ <. IV. p. 174. S. gracilis Elliott Sk. I. p. 284. Chironia stellaia Mnhl. Cat. p« 23 .?
Root biennial. Stem about a foot high, dichotomously branched almost to the root, a little angular. Leaves sessile, about an inch long, somewhat succulent. Flowers solitary at the extre- mity of the branches, forming a sort of loose corymb. Calyx turbinate, 5-cleft. Corolla bright rose-colour, with a yellow star in the centre surrounded by a deep red border. Filaments short, naked ; anthers linear, sagittate, terminal, at length re- volute. Stigmas very long, spirally twisted.
I C. gracilis: debilis ; ramis laxis, se»aceo-elongat)s, l-floris; foliis rineari-setaceis ; calyce setaceo, coroUac subaquali. Mich, 1. c, 28
3i8 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA, sabeatuv
Hab. In salt marshes ; common near New-York, and on th© sea-coast of Long-Island and New- Jersey. August.
3. S. angularis Ph. : stem quadrangular, somewhat wing- ed; leaves ovate, ampiexicaul ; peduncles elongated, corynrib- ed' segments ot the calyx lanceolate, much shorter than the corolla! Pursh FL I. p^ 137. Elliott S^. I. p. 285o Roem. ^ Schiilt. IV, p- 174. Chironi'a angularis L W il Id. Sped. i>. 1067, M ich. FL I ip. 146. Walt. Car. p. 95.
Jioot annual and biennial. Siem straight, erect, about a foot high, branched ; branches opposite. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, closely embracing the stem, obtuse, indistinctly 5-nerved. Calyx 5-cleft, less than half the length of the corolla ; seg- ments somewhat carinate. Corolla rose-coloured ; segments obovate, obtuse. Hab. In moibt meadows, among high grass; common. Au- „ygj^ American Ce7itaury.
4. S, calijcosa Ph. • stem erect, few-flowered ; leaves oblong; flowers solitary, 7 — 9-parted ; calyx foliaceous, longer than the corolla. Pursh F/. I. p. 1 38. Elliott Sk. I. p. 185. R 0 em. i- S c hu It. lY. T^. 114. Chironia caZ?/- cosa Mich, FL 1. p. 147. C. dicholoma IV a It. Car, p. 95.
Root biennial ? Stem a foot high, very leafy, with few spreading; branches. Leaves an inch and a half long, sessile, rather acute, distinctly 5-nerved. Flowers terminating the branches. Calyx generally ^-parted, a little longer than the corolla; seg- ments lanceolate, very acute. Corolla rose-coloured; seg- ments subspathulate.
Hab. In wet meadows ; Nev;-York to Carolina. Purs h. In Maryland. Muhlenberg.
I suspect this plant has not been found so far north as stated by Pur s h. My specimens are from Georgia.
5. S. chloroides Ph. : stem weak ; leaves lanceolate, erect; branches few, 1 -flowered; flowers 7 — 12-parted ; seg- ments of the calyx linear, shorter than the corolla. Pursh FL I. p. 138, Elliott Sk. I. p. 286. R o em. ^ S chul t. IV. p. 174. Chironia chloroides Mich. F/. I. p. 147. C. dodecandra Walt. Car. p. 95. Chlora dodecandra Li Sysl.' Feg. p. 299. W Hid, Spec. n.^.SU.
Root biennial. !^tem erect, 2 — 3 feet high, slightly angular Leaves closely sessile, and a little clasping at the base, acute, without nerves. Flowers solitary, terminal. Calyx generally about 9-parted ; segments linear, very acute, half the length of the corolla. Corolla bright rose-coloured, about 2 inches in diameter; segments obovate-lanceolatc.
Hab. In brackish bog-meadows. Common about Newark and
iABBATiA. PENTANDRiA. MONOGYNIA. 219
Hackinsack, also on Long-Island. In Maryland. Mu hi en- berg. August.
6. S. corymbosa Bald.: leaves ovate, closely sessile ; item acutely angled ; flowers corymbed ; segments of the calyx subulate, much shorter than the (white) corolla. E l- liott Sk. I. p. 283. S. pamculata a. Purs h FL I. p. 1 3.8. Chironia lanceolata Walt, Car. p. 95 ? C. venosa M u h I. Cat. p. 23 ?
Root perennial. Stem about a foot high, erect, simple below, with 2 of the sides convex. Leaves distant, about an inch long, obscurely 3-nerved j lower ones obtuse; upper ones acute. Corymb few-fiowered. Calyx one-third the length of the corolla ; segments subulate. Corolla white, generally 5- parted, but sometimes only 4-parted ; segments lanceolate, ra- ther acute. . , . Hab. In swamps, near Quaker Bridge, in the pxne-barrens oi New-Jersey. August — September.
This species is nearly allied to S. fianiculata, ^nd was pro- bably confounded with it hy Mich au x, b)it I think Elliott has well distinguished it.
149 HYDROPHYLLUM. L.
Calyx 5-parted. Corolla subcampanulate, S-cleft^ with 5 longitudinal margined melliferous grooves on the inside. Stamens exserted. Stigma bifid. Cap- sule globose, 1-celled, 2.valved, 4-seeded, with 3 of the seeds abortive. Gen.pl. 2^7. JVutt. Gen. I. p. 117. Juss. p. 129. Lam. III. t. XCVII. f. 12. Roem. ^ ^chult. Gen. 64.^9. Nat. Ord. Bora- ginejeJuss, fFater-leaf,
1. H. virginkum L. : stem nearly smooth; leaves pin- iiatifid'and pinnate ; segments oval-lanceolate, with deep ser- ratures; fascicles of flowers conglomerate ; peduncles larger than the petioles. IF il I d. Spec. \. ^p. Q14, Lam.IlL\.c, jlf ic/t. i^/ol.p. 134. PurshFl.\.p.\U, Elliott Sk, I. p. 232, Roem. ^ Schult. IV, p. 113.
Root perennial. Stem a foot and a half high, a Uttle branched near the top. Leaves about 2, on long petioles', large and flat, irregularly pinnatifid ; lower leaflets distinct. Clusters oi flowers on long axillary peduncles, much crowded, recurv- ed. Segments of the calyx Ihiear, shorter than the corolla, hispid. "^.Corolla white, with purplish veins ; segments ovate, obtuse. StamCTis much exserted ; Jila^nents bearded ; anther.^ oblong, incumbent. Seeds 4, one of them large and round, the others abortive. Hab. In shady rocky woods. May— June,
220 PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. hydrofhyllum,
2. H. canadense L.: somewhat hairy; leaves angularly gub-5-lobed, remotely serrate; peduncles shorter than the pe- tioles. Willd Enu7n. h. Berol. I. p. 194. Spec, I. p. 816. L a m. III. 1. c. J\l i c h. Fl. I. p. 133. Pursh Fl. I. p. 133. Roem. hSchult.-YV. p. 113,
Root perennial. Stem a foot and a half high, slightly hairy, Leaves on very long petioles, cordate at the base, with about 5 angular lobes; upper surface sparsely hirsute. Flowers in rather crowded fascicles, on slender peduncles, which are shorter than the leaves. Segments of the calyx linear-subu- late, a little hairy. Corolla white, variegated with purple. Stamens, &c. as in the preceding species.
Hab In woods and on mountains. Williamstown, Massachu- setts. Dewey. Fairfield, New-York. Had ley. Penn- sylvania. Muhlenberg. June.
3. H. appendiculalum Mich.; very hairy; radical leaves subpinnatifid ; cauline ones angularly lobed ; sinuses of the calyx with minute oval appendages. M i c h. Fl I, p. 134. PurshFl.l.^.lM^ Roem. &L So hull. \y,T^. 114.
Root biennial, (Muhl.) Stem about a foot high, almost his- pid. Radical leaves subpin;)atifid and lobed, coarsely serrate 5 cauline ones somewhat 5-lubed, toothed, cordate at the base. Flowers subpaniculate, on peduncles much shorter than the leaves. Calyx nearly as long as the corolla, ciliate with long hairs; appendages minute, reflected. Corolla blue, smaller than in H. virginicum.
Hab. On shady rocks, near springs. In the western parts of Pennsylvania. R afi nes que. May.
150. PHACELIA. Jussieu,
Calyx 5-parted. Corolla subcampanulate, 5-cleft, with 5 longitudinal margined melliferous grooves on the inside. Stamens exserted. Style filifbnn ; stig- mas 2. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved, 4-seeded ; each of the valves septiferous in the centre. Ju s s. p, 129, Mich. FL\.^.12>A>. JVutt. Gen. I. p. 116. Mo em. £3* Scliult, Gen. 678, Nat. Ord. Boragine^e J II s s.
1. V . hipinnalifida Mich.: stem erect; leaves pinna- tifid ; segments incisely lobed ; racemes mostly bifid, oblong, many-flowered; divisions of the corolla entire. Mich. Fl. 1. p. 134. t. 16. P Mrs A f'/. I. p. 140. M uhl. Cat. ^. \2. Roem, ^ Schutt. IV. p. 189.
Root perennial ? Plant hairy. Stem about a foot high, terete,
FHACELiA. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 221
branched. Leaves alternate, on long petioles, pinnatifid, with the two lower leaflets remote. Flowers in terminal subsecund racemes. Segments of the calyx shorter than the corolla, linear-lanceolate. Corolla blue ; segments round. Stame7i& nearly as long again as the corolla ; Jilaments bearded in the middle. Style filiform, persistent ; stigma very long. Cafi- svle subrotund. Ha3. In the western countries ; principally on the Allegany Mountains. Pennsylvania to Virginia. May — June. P m rs/'i.
2. V, fimhriata M ic.h.: stem ascending, hairy; leaves with undivided lobes ; segments of the corolla fimbriate, Mich. Fl. I. p. 134. excL syn. P luk, Pursh FL\.^ 140. Elliott Sk.].ip.23Q. M uhl. Cat. ^. 19. Rotm. 4r Schult, IV. p. 190.
Boot perennial, (annual, Purs h.) Plant hairy. Stern about a foot high, procumbent at the base. Leaves alternate ; upper ones pinnatifid, sessile ; lower ones pinnate. Racemes short, at first revolute. Segments of the cc/i/x hispid. Corolla "beau- tiful blue,*' (PxtrsA,) "white," Mich.
Hab. In alluvial soils, throughout the western parts of Penn- sylvania and Ohio. JVu t tall.
3. P. parviflora Ph. : stem diffuse, pubescent ; leaves sabsessile, pinnatifid ; segments oblong, rather obtuse, entire ; racemes solitary; pedicels short; segments of the corolla round, very entire. P ur s h FL I. p. 1 40. M u h L Cat. p. 19. Roem. ^ Schult, IV. p. 190. Polemonium du- bium W i 1 1 d. Spec. I, p. 887. P» fohis inferioribus hastatis superioribus lanceolatis. G r on. Virg. ^. 2d. Pluk.Alm,. t. 245. L 5,
Root annual. Stem 6 — 8 inches high, slender, a little branched, Leaves alternate, about an inch long ; upper surface covered with appressed hairs; radical ones petiolate, lobed. Flowers in terminal racemes, one-fourth as large as in P. bifiinnatifida. Pedicels about half an inch long. Segments of the calyx ob- long, rather obtuse. Corolla pale blue, (white, Mu h I.) as long again as the calyx, naked internally ? Stamens scarcely exserted; Jilaments smooth. Capsule subrotund, hairy, 2-celled, 2-valved, 6 — 6-seeded ? Seeds angular, scabrous.
Hab. In Pennsylvania. May. Muhlenberg. Scarcely of this genus, and probably, as JVu 1 1 a II thinks, an Ellisia : it, however, differs in the number of seeds. My specimens are from the Southern States. Phacelia scarcely differs in any important character from Hydrophyllum, to which, I think, it should be united.
151. SPIGELIA. L,
Calyx 5-parted. Corolla infundibuliform ; border
222 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. spigelia,
5-cleft, equal. Anthers convergent. Capsule didy- mous, 2-celled, 4 valved, many-seeded. Gen. pi. 272. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 134. Ju'ss. p. 143. Lam. III. t. 107. Roe m. ^ Schult. Gen. 679. Nat. Ord= Gentianje Juss, Carolina Pink-root •>
S. marilandica L. : stem simple, quadrangular ; leaves all opposite, sessile, ovate-lanceolate. Willd. Spec. I. p* 82.5. Bol. Mag. t. 80. M i c h. FL I. p. 1 47o Pursh Fl. I. p. 1 39. Elliott Sk. I. p. 236. B ig. Med. Bot. II. p. 142. t. 14. Bart. Feg. Mat. Med. ILt 31. R o e m. ^Schult. IV. p. 191.
Root fibrous, perennial. Ste7H a foot or more high, smooth- Leaves 3 — 4 inches long, spreading, acuminate, very entire ; veins slightly pubescent. Floiuers in a secund terminal ra- ceme. Catyx about one-fifth the length of the corolla; seg- ments subulate-filiform. Corolla somewhat fusiform, an inch and a half long, crimson externally, greenish-yellow inter- nally; tube angular; segoients acute, somewhat expanding. Stamens shorter than the corolla ; anthers oblong. Style ex-= serted ; stigma simple.
Hab. In Pennsylvania and Maryland. June. Muhlenb er p,
^ A celebrated anthelmintic.
152. VERBASCUM. L.
Calyx 5-parted, Corolla rotate, 5-lobed, unequal Stamens declined, generally bearded. Stigma simple. Capsule 2-celled, with inflected valves, many-seeded. Gen.pl. 331. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 133. Juss. p. 124. Lam. III. t. CXVII. f. 2. Roem. ^ Sckult. Gen. 703. Nat. Ord. Solanete/w^^. Mullein.
1. V. Thapsus L. : leaves decurrent, woolly on both sides ; raceme spiked, dense ; two of the stamens glabrous. Willd. Spec. l.p. 1001. Smith Fl. Brit. I. p. 249. Eng, Bot. L5id. Pursh F/. I. p. 142. Big. Bost. p. 32. Elliott Sk. I. p. 274. Roem. ^ Schult. IV. p. 325.
Root biennial. Stem simple, straight, 3—6 feet high. Leaves large, ovate or oblong, pale green, densely covered with soft wool. Flowers crowded in a long terminal cylindrical spike, bracteate at the base. Segments of the catyx lanceolate, acute. Corolla bright yellow ; segments erect-spreading. Stamens unequal ; three of them shorter, with woolly Jila- vients ; the others smooth.
Hab. In old fields, on road sides, See. ; very common. June — Au- gust. Introduced ?
This is one of those plants which appear in great abundance
VERBASCUM. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 22S
in newly cleared lands, especially after the woods have been destroyed by fire.
2. V. Blattaria L. : leaves aniplexicaul, oblong, smooth, serrate 5 peduncles l-flowered, solitary. IVi lid. Spec. I. p. 1005. Smith Fl. Brit. I. p. 253. Eng. BoU t. 393o Jl/icA. F/. I. p. 148. PwrsA F/. I.p. 142. Elliott Sk. I. p. 274. Roem. i^ Schult. IV. p. 347.
Root biennial. S(e?n about 2 feet high, many-angled, smooth. Leaves oblong, acute, coarsely and irregularly serrate. Ra- ceme terminal, very long, leafy, glandular-pubescent. Pedi- cels an inch long. Segments of the calyx linear-lanceolate. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Stamens unequal ; Jila- ments all woolly ; anthers reniform. Hab. In old fields, and on road sides. June — July.
Of this plant there are two remarkable varieties : —
a. alba : leaves toothed ; flowers white.
^. lutea : leaves doubly serrate ; flowers yellow. V. Clay- toniMich.m. I. p. US ?
3. V. Lychnitis L. : leaves oblong-cuneiform, naked above; stem angular, panicled. Wi lid. Spec. I. }p. \\03, Sm i t h Fl. Brit. I. p. 250. E7ig. Bot, t. 58. Pursh Fl. I.p.l42. Walt. Car. jp. 95. E llio 1 1 Sk. \. ^. 27i. Roem, 4r Schult. IV. p. 341.
Leaves very woolly beneath. Flowers pale yellow.
Hab. On the banks of the Delaware, near Philadelphia. Purs hi,
153. NICOTIANA. L. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft. Corolla infundibuliform ; border plicate, 5-cleft. Slameiis inclined. Stigjjia capitate. Capsule 2-celled, 2— 4-valved. Gen. pL 334. R. Brown Prod. I. p. 447. Nutf. Gen. I. p. 134, Juss, p. 125. Lain. III. t. CXIII. f. L Roem. &? SchulU Gen. 700. Nat. Ord. So- I. AN EE. Juss. Tobacco.
N. rustica L. : stem terete ; leaves petiolate, ovate, verj entire; tube of the corolla cylindrical, longer than the calyx, segments round. Lehm. Hist. Kicot, p. 1 3. W Hid. Spec. I. p. 258, .YtiU. Ge/i. I.p, 132. R 0 em. <i' S c hu 1 1. lY. p. 319.
Root annual. Plant viscose-pubescent. Stem a foot and a half high, a little bratiched below. Leaves 2 — 3 inches long ; ra- dical ones much longer. Flowers in a terminal paniculate raceme; pedicels bractcate. Calyx tubular-campanulate, one-third the leugth of the corolla ; segments ovate, very short. Corolla somewhat cyathiform, dull greenish-yellow ; tube in-
224 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. nicotiaka;
flated. Stamens included ; filaments bearded at the base. Capsule subglobose, many-seeded. Hab. Near the borders of some of the smaller lakes in the western parts of the State of New-York. Introduced by the Indians. J^uttall.
154. HYOSCYAMUS. L.
Calyx tubular; border 5-cleft. Corolla infundibuli- form, 5-lobed, irregular; lobes entire. Stamens in- clined. Capsule 2-celled, operculate. Gen. pi 2>2o. JVutt. Gen.l.ip. 131. Juss. p. 124. Lam. III. t, CXVII. f. 1. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen. 698, Nat. Ord. Sol an e^ Juss. Henbane.
H. niger L. : leaves amplexicaul, sinuate ; flowers sub- sessile; corolla reticulate. W ill d. Sped. ^, \0\0. Smith Ft. Brit. I. p. 254. Eng, Bot. t. 591, Pursh Fl.h^, 141. Big,Me.d.BotAl.^.\Q>\.\.ll. Roem.^ Schult, IV. p. 308.
Root annual or biennial. Whole plant hispidly pilose and foetid. Stem branched, terete. Leaves ovate; radical ones subpinnatifid. Flowers in terminal recurved leafy spikes. Calyx subcam- panulate, ventricose below, reticulate. Corolla dingy yellow, with brown reticulate veins. Anthers large, oblong.
Hab. On road sides and among rubbish. Near Westchester, New-York. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. June. In- n-oduced. A powerful narcotic.
155. CONVOLVULUS. L.
Calyx 5-parted, naked, or with 2 bracts at the base^ Corolla campanulate, plicate. Stigmas 2. Capsule 2 — 3-celled, with as many valves ; cells 1— 2-seeded» Gen.pl. 287. Nutt. Gen. L p. 123. Juss. p. 133. Lam. ///. 2. 104. f. 2. Roem. 'd' Schult. Gen, 690. Nat. Ord. CoNVOLVULi ./«^5. Bind-^weed^
I. C. arvensis L. : stem climbing; leaves saggitate, with the leaves acute; peduncles mostly 1 -flowered; bracts acute, remote from the flowers. Willd. ^ec. I. p, 844. Sm i t h Ft. Brit. I. p. 232. Eng, Bot. t. 312 Pursh FL L p. 144. Big. Post. ^.50. J\Iuhl.Cat,p.2l. Gron, Virg. p. 27. Roem. (^ Sc h u I L IV. p. 250.
Hoot perennial, creeping, very long. Stem a little hairy, often prostrate. Leaves obtuse, about an inch and a half long, rather hastate. Peduncles axillary, longer than the leaves, bracteate about half an inch belo\y the flower. Calyx short, with very
cajTVOLvuLus. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 225
obtuse teeth. Corolla white, an inch long. Stamens much shorter than the corolla ; anthers oblong. Stigmas long-linear. Hab. In Maine. Prince. Near Boston. Big e low. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg.
2. C. Sepium L. : sten) climbing ; leaves sagittate, very acute; lobes truncate; bracts close to the flower, acute, longer than the caljx ; peduncles quadrangular, 1-flowered. Sp,pL p. 218. IV i lid. Spec. I. p. 844. Smith Fl. Brit,
1. p. 233. Eng. Bot. t. 313. B i g. Bost. p. 50. C. repens Sp.pl. p. 15Q, M ich, FLl.rp. 137. E I li ot t Sk. 1. p. 233. Walt. Car. p. 93. Calvotegia Sepium B. B r own Prod. I. p. 483. P ur s h Fl. l. ^p. 142. R o em. ^ S chult. IV. p. 182. CoNV. lactescens, foiiis sagittatis, k.c. Gron, Virg. p. 28.
Boot perennial, descending deep into the earth. Stem a little climbing, or trailing, pubescent. Leaves cordate-sagittate, pubescent ; lobes often obliquely truncate. Peduncles longer than the leaves. Bracts cordate-ovate, resembling an exterior calyx, acuminate. Corolla large, white, tinged with rose-co- lour. Stigmas globose, white. Capsule 3-celled, S-valved.
Hab. In hedges and among bushes; in low grounds. June — July. Great Bind-ioeed.
According to Linn a us and Mic hau x^ the North- American plant is a distinct species from the European ; but they are united by P urs /i, R. Brown, and most modern Botanists. Muhlenberg has both C. Sefiium and refiena in his Catalogue.
3. C. panduratus L, : stem climbing ; leaves cordate, entire or lobed, panduriform ; peduncles long ; flowers fasci- culate ; calyx smooth ; corolla tubular-campanu.'ate. tVilld. Spec. I. p. 850. Mich. FL I. p. 138. Pursh Fl. I. p. 144. Elliott Sk. I. p. 254. Bart. Veg. Mat. Veg. t. 23. W a 1 1. Car. p. 93. R o em. ^ S chul t. IV. p. 262.
Root very large and thick. Stems numerous, generally trailing to a great distance on the ground, pubescent when young. Leaves often somewhat 2-lobecI, entire, pubescent. Peduncles 1 — 4 flowered, with 2 small stipules. Corolla large, with a purple tube. Stigmas very short. Cafisule 2-celIed.
Hab. In sandy fields; among bushes. Kingsbridge, New- York. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. Wild fiotato.. Mechoacanna. Man of the earth.
A. C. spithamcBus L.: stem erect or trailing; leaves oval or oblong, subcordate, pubescent; peduncles 1-flowered, ge- nerally longer than the leaves. -S/?. /?/. p. 223. IV Hid, 6>ec. I. p. 873. Elliot t Sk. I. ]p,^bl. JV a 1 1. Car. p.
02, *C. stans Mich. Fl. I. p. 136. Calysteoia tomentrosa
29
226 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNM. convolvulus^
et spilhamcBa Pursh Z'/. I. p. 143. Rotm. k Schult. IV. p. 1B4.
Fool perennial. Stem erector spreading, pubescent, 1 — 3 feet long. Leaves obiong, generally obtuse, sometimes acuminate. Peduncles rarely shorter than the leaves. Bracts much longer than the calyx, ovate-cordate. Segments of the calyx lanceo- late. Corolla white. Stig7nas oblong.
Hab. In dry woods. About 3 miles from Brooklyn, Lbng- Island, on the Jarhaica road. In the pine barrens of New-Jer- sey. In the western parts of the State of New-York. Ste- ve ?is on and Had ley, &c. June.
I cannot distinguish any essential difference between C. s/ii- thamxus and stuns. The leaves vary from acuminate to ob- tuse, and the length and insertion of the peduncles are by no means constant. Muhlenberg, however, has not united them.
15G. IPOM^A. L,
Calyx 5-cleft, naked. Corolla infundibuliform or campanulate, 5 -plaited. Stigma capitate. Capsule 2_3-celled, many seeded. GV«. pi. 288. Nu 1 1, Gen. I. p. 124. Juss. p. 134. Lam. III. t. CIV. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen. 689. Nat. Ord. Convol-
VULI Juss.
1. 1. purpurea Lam. : leaves cordate, entire ; peduncles
2 3-flowerecl ; pedicels incrassated, nodding; capsule smooth.
Lam. IlL 2129. Pers. Syn. I. p. 183. Pursh Fl. ]. 146. Roem. <i' Schult. IV. p. 232. Convolvulus />Mr- purens L. W il I d. Spec. I. p. 832. Bot. Mag. t. 113. E l- liott Sk.].ip. 252.
Root annual. Stem hairy, twining and climbing to a grealt height. Leaves exactly cordate, acuminate. Peduncles some- times 1-fl'wered. Ca/i/ar with hairy lanceolate segments. Co- rolla large, beautiful blue and purple, sometimes almost white. Fruit nodding.
Hab. In cultivated grounds and waste places. Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. July — August. Doubtless introduced.
2. I- larunosa L. : stem smooth ; leaves cordate, acu- minate, angular at the base ; peduncles short, generally 1- flowered ; calj'x hairy ; corolla tubular, short; capsule hairy, Willd.Spec.\.p.\i8l. Mich. FL I. p. 140. Pursh F/. I. p. 145. E lliott Sk. 1.^.259. R o em. ^ S c hull, IV. p. 259.
Root annual. Flowers white, with a purple rim. Hab. In Pennsylvania. August — September. Muhlen- berg.
iFOM^A. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 227
3. \.J^ilL.: stem hairy; leaves cordate, 3-lobed ; pe- duncles short, I — 3-flowered ; calyx very villous ; segments acuminate. P ur s h Fl. I, p. 116, E I li o tt S/c. I. p. 259. Convolvulus JVt7 L. fV Hid. Spec. L p. (i^l, Mich.Fl. I. p. 139.
Jloot annual. Stem twining, hairy, twining over small shrubs. Leaves cordate, acurninate, the old ones 3-lubeci. Peduncles shorter than the petiole, 1 — 3-flovvered. Segments of the calyx subulate, long. Corolla infundibuliform, white at the base, blue towards the margin ; border obscurely 5-angled. Stigma undivided, globose. Capsule smooth. Elliott.
Hab. In Pennsylvania. August. Muhlenberg. I have never seen this plant except in gardens. It does not appear to diff r from I. hederacea of L i n. and R. Br onu n^ nor from I. barbata^ Roth.
157. PHLOX. L.
Ca/z/o: deeply 5-cleft; segments connivent. Corolla hypocrateriform ; border 5-lobed, flat; tube more or less curved. Stamens ver}^ unequal ; filaments inserted into the tube of the corolla above the middle. Cap- sule subrotund, 3-celled ; cells 1-seeded Seeds ob- long, concave externally ; albumen large ; radicle twice as long as the cotyledon. D. Don^ in Edin. Phil. Jour. VII. p. 287. Geji. pi. 284. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 125. Ju s s. p. 136. L a m. III. t. C VIII. Roem, ^ Schult. Gen. 716. Nat. Ord.PoLEMONiA /i^^^.
1, P. paniculaia L> : stem erect, smooth ; leaves lanceo- late, flat ; corymb paniculate ; segments of the corolla round- ed. .'/ it. Kew. I. p. '205. Willd. Spec. 1. p. 839. Mich. F/. I. p. 144. Pursh FL\. p. lAB. Elliott Sk.l. p. 242. Roem. i^ Schult. IV. p. 357.
Root perennial. Stem 2 — 3 feet high. Leaves broad-lanceo- late, acuminate, scabrous on the margin. Corymbs numerous, many-flowered. Calyx subprismatic ; segments finely attenu- ated. Corolla purple ; tube pubescent.
Hab. In Pennsylvania. June. Muhlenberg.
2. P. pyramidalis Smith: erect, smooth; stem sca- brous ; leaves cordate-ovate, acuminate ; panicle fastigiate. pyramidal ; segments of the corolla cuneate, truncate ; teeth of the calvx somewhat erect, lanceolate, acute. Smith Exot. BotAl. p. 55. t. 87. Pursh Ft. I. p. 148. Elliott ^k. I. p. 248. M u h I. Cat. p. 20. Roem. ^ Schiil f, IV. p. 358 P. latijolia M ich. Fl. I. p. 143 ?
228 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. phlox.
Root perennial. Sum as tail as in P fianiculata, spotted with red. Leaves opposite, sessile, very entire ; upper ones lanceo- late. Corolla beautiful purple. Teeth of the calyx short. Stigma bifid, with subemarginate segments. Smit h.
Hab. In mountain meadows. Pennsylvania- to Carolina. Purshy Muhlenberg. August.
3. P. maculala L. : erect ; stem scabrous and spotted ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, smooth, scabrous on the margin ; panicle oblong, man}- flowered ; segments of the corolla rounded ; teeth of the cal)X acute ; recurved. JV il I d. Spec. I. p. 840. Mich. Fl. l. p. 143. Pursk Fl. ],T^. I4d Elliott Sk, I. p. 244? Roem. ($' Schult. IV. p. 357.
Hoot perennial. Stem two and a half feet high, simple, sca- brous, particularly above, and dotted with purple. Uppev leaves ovate, or oblong lanceolate, acuminate, scabrous on the margin ; lower ones gradually becoming narrower till they are quae linear ; all of them opposite. Mowers in an oblong rai ther crowded panicle. Calyx with spreading lanceolate acu- minate teeth. Corolla pale purple ; segments rounded.
Hab. In rich moist meadows. New-Jersey. In Pennsylvania,. Muh lenber g. New-England to Carolina. Pur ah. JunCo Perhaps distinct from the southern plant.
^. suaveolens : stem not spotted ; corolla white. P. suO' veolens A it. Kezo. I. p. 206. Pur sh FL 1. p. 149. Roem, iir Schult. IV. p. 368. P. maculala /3. Candida M i c h. Ft. I. p. 143.
Hab. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenbe rg.
JVu tt a 1 1 remarks, that the P. suaveolens is no where to be found wild, and that it appears to be only a white flowered variety of P. maculata, raised from seed. I have never seen it except in gardens.
4. P. aristata Mich.; stem erect, weak, viscid-pubes- cent ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; panicle lax, fastigiate ; seg* ments of the corolla obovate ; tube curved, pubescent; teeth of the calyx very long, subulateo Mich. Ft. I. p. 144. P urshFLl.'p.\bO. F I li o tt Sk. l.p.UQ. Roem.i^ Schult. IV. p. 361.
Root perennial. Stem a foot and a half high, villose-pubescent, simple. Leaves opposite, almost linear, an inch and a half in length, subpubescent. Teeth of the calyx aristate, with the points recurved. Corolla pale purple or white; segments obovate, entire.
Hab. In wet meadows in the pine barrens of New-Jersey. In Pennsylvania. Mu h len b e r g. June.
This is supposed by J\ru ttall to be only a smoother va- riety of P. pilosa J 3nd, indeed, itdoes not appear to be very distinct.
PHLOX. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 229
5,F. divaricata L : stem low, pubescent, decumbent; leaves oval-lanceolate ; upper ones alternate ; branches diva- ricate, loose, few-flowered ; segments of the corolla obcor- date ; teeth of the calyx subulate linear. IV il I d. Spec. I. p. 841. Bot. Mag.i. IG3. M i c h. FL \. p, IM. E l- liotlSk.l.p.2iB. Purs h F/, I. \K ]50. Torrey in Sill. Jour. IV. p. 59. Hoe m. 4* S c hul t. IV. p. 360.
7?oor perennial. Stems numerous, diffuse? 9— 12 inches high. Leaves oval-lanceolate, spreading, closely sessile, rather acute, a little pubescent ; upper ones often alternate. Flowers in terminal spreading panicles ; 4 — 5 flowers in each fascicle. Segments of the ealyx erect. Corolla blue ; tube nearly straight, smooth ; segments cordate-cuneiform.
Hab. Near Ogdensburg, St. Lawrence County, New-York. J. Van den Heuveif Esq. In Pennsylvania. Muhlen- berg. June.
G. P. reptans Mi c h. : pubescent, with creeping stolons ; radical leaves spathulate-obovate; stem leaves oval-lanceo- iate ; corymb few-flowered, divaricate; segments of the co- rolla obovate ; teeth of the calyx subulate, reflexed. M i ch. FL 1. p. 144. Elliott Sk. I. p. 248. R o cm. S^ S c hul t. IV. p. 362. P. stolonifera Bat. Mag. t. 563. Pursh FL I. p. 150.
J^oot perennial. Siem 6 — 8 inches high, erect, with creeping suckers at the base, bearing obovate leaves. Corymb 4 — 5- flowered. Calyx pubescent, with the teeth spreading or re- flexed. Corolla blue, with a purple centre.
Hab. On the Allegany Mountains. R afi ne sque. In Penn- sylvania, Muhlenberg. In Maryland. Elliott. June.
7. P. subulata L. : cespitose, pubescent ; leaves linear- subulate, rigid, ciliate, corymbs few-flowered ; segments of the corolla cuneate, emarginate; calyx with subulate teeth about as long as the tube of the corolla. Willd. Spec. I. p. 842. Bat. Mag. t. 4 1 1 . Mic h. Fl. I. p. 45. Pursh F/. I. p. 151. Elliott Sk.\. p. 2^2. Roem. 4r Schult. IV. p. 363.
Root perennial, creeping. Stem procumbent, assurgent, branch- ing, 3—4 inches high. Leaves about three-fourths of an inch long, opposite, very acute and pungent ; lower ones fascicu- late. Corymb 3 — 4-flowered. Calyx very hairy, a little shorter than the tube of the corolla. Corolla pink, with a purple centre ; tube a little curved, smooth.
Hab. On rocky hills. New-Jersey. In Pennsylvania and New- York. Mu h ten berg. April— May. Mountain-fimk.
8. P. setacea L. : cespitose, pubescent ; leaves fascicu- late, subulate, ciliate, rigid : flowers few, terminal, somewhat
230 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. pml»x.
umbelled; segments of the corolla cuneate, emarwinate ; teeth of the calyx subulate, much shorter than the tube of the corolla. IVi I Id. Spec. I. p. 842. Bot. Mag. U 415. Pursk F/. f. p. 161. Elliott Sk. I. p. 249, Ro em. ir Schult. IV. p. 364.
Boot perennial. Stem procumbent, assurgent. Leaves longer, and, for the most part, finer and more hairy than in P. subu- lata. Flowers generally solitary, forming small terminal co- rymbs. Corolla large, " pale rose-coloured, with a purple star in the centre." Ell., Ph.
Hab In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. May. Resembles very much the preceding species.
158. POT.KMONIUM. L.
Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft. Corolla campanulate- rotate; border 5-lobed, erect; tube short, closed by 5 stameniferous valves. Filaments bearded at the base. Capsule subrotund, 3-celled; cells many-seeded; valves membranaceo-crustaceous. Seeds oblong, some- what triangular, with a large albumen ; radicle as long again as the cotyledon. Z). Don, in Edin. Phil. Jour. VII. p. 287. Gen. pi. 289. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 127. Juss. p. 136. Latn. III. t. CVI. Roem. '^ Schult. Gen. 111. Nat. Ord. Polemonia Juss. Leaves alternately pinnate, with a terminal leaflet.
Jacobus-ladder ~
P. reptans L. : leaves pinnate ; leaflets about 7 ; ftowers terminal, nodding. W il I d. Spec. I. p. a86. Mich. FL I. p. 142. Pursh FLl.p. \5\. Elliott Sk.l.p.2Gl. J>l' ut t. Gen. 1. c. R 0 em. ^ S chult. W . p. 365.
Root perennial, creeping. Stem erect, slender, about a foot high, much branched, smooth. Leaves nearly smooth ; leaf- lets often opposite, ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, acute. Flowers terminal, somewhat corymbose. Pedicels 1 — 2-fljwered. Calyx about one-third as long as the corolla ; segments ovate, acute. Corolla blue (sometimes white, Mich.); lobes very short, obtuse. Stamens shorter tlun the corolla, unequal ; Jilaments dilated at the base ; anthers roundish. Style a little longer than the stamens ; stigma 3-clcft.
Hab. In the vicinity of Philadelphia. Barton. May.
159. DIAPENSIA. L,
Calyx deeply 5-parted, with 3 bracts at the h\%t. Corolla hypocrateriforni ; border 5-cleft. Filaments
BiAPENSiA. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 231
compressed, inserted into the sumnnit of the tube, and alternating with the segments of the corolla. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded. Gen. pi 255. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 122. Juss. p. 135. Lam. III. t. CIL Koem. ^ Schult. Gen. 712. Pyxidanthera Mich. Fl. I. p. 152. Nat. Ord. Convolvuli /w^j.
1 . D. lapponica L. : cespitose ; leaves spathulate, smooth; flowers pedunculate; anthers simple. Lin. FL Lapp. p. 88. t. 1. f. 1. Willd. Spec. I. p. 795. Wahl. Fl. Lapp. pw 58. t. 9. Roerri. ^ Schult. IV. p. ;356. V>. obtusi- folia Sa lis b. parad. Lond. lOA. Pursh F/.I.p.l47.
Plant densely cespitose, evergreen. Leaves much crowded, about three-fourths of an inch long, obtuse, a little recurved, very entire. Flowers terminal, solitary, on short peduncles. Calyx cleft almost to the base ; segments broad-ovate, very obtuse. Bracts foliaceous, shorter than the calyx. Corolla white ; segments short, rounded. Stamens about as long as the corolla; Jilaments flattened, short ; anthers 2-celled ; cells distinct, roundish, opening transversely ? Style persistent 5 stigma obtuse, simple.
Hab. On the White-Hills of New-Hampshire, near the sum- mit. Peck and Bigelow. June.
2. D. harbidala Ell. : creeping; leaves cuneate-lanceo- late, pubescent at the base ; flowers sessile ; anthers beaked at the base. Elliott Sk. I. p. 229. D. cuneifolia S alis b. parad. Land. 105. Pursh F/. I. p* 148. Pyxidanthera barbxdata M i c h. Fl. I. p. 152. Ro em. ^ S chult. IV, p. ^bQ,
Plant evergreen, creeping, and forming dense mats. Leaves about one-fourth of an inch long, very acute ; upper ones crowded about the flower. Flowers solitary, terminal. Calyx pubescent; segments oblong-spathulate. Bracts resembling the segments of the calyx. Corolla white, nearly campanu- late ; border spreading ; segments spathulate. Stamens shorter than the coroUa.; Jilaments very broad; anthers 2-celled; cells subglobose, with a short spur or rostrum at the base, opening transversely. Style about as long as the stamens, thick ; stigma obtuse, 3-lobed. Capsule o-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded.
Hab. In the pine barrens of New-Jersey ; abundant. On the White-Hills of New-Hampshire. Peck. In Pennsylvaniao Mil hlenb erg. May — June.
160. DATURA. L. Calyx tubular, angular, deciduous ; base orbicular^
232 PENTANDRtA« MONOGYNIA. datura.^
persistent. Corolla infutidibuliform, plicate. Capsule ovate, 2-celkd, 4-vaIved; ceils 2-parted. Gen. pi. Q,?>2. NutU (t<°/2. I. p. .130. /w^ J. p. 125. Lam. ///.t. CXI II. Uoem. ^J Schult. Ge;?. I. p. 694. Nat. Ord. 'Sola^zj^ Jus s. Thorn-apple.
D. Stramonium L.: capsule spiny, erect; leaves ovate, smooth, angular-dentate. fV ill d. Spec. I. p. 1008. Smith Fl. Brit. 1. p. 254. Eng. Bot. t. 1288. Pursh Ft. I. p,- 141. Big. Bost.^.5\. Elliott Sk. I. p, '275. Tully in Sill. Jour. VI. p. 238. R o e m. &L S c hu 1 1. lY, -p. 305,
JRoot annual. Stem 2 — 7 feet high, dichotomously branching;, green, somewhat fistulous. Leaves alternate, from the forks of the branches, large ; base somewliat cordate, and unequal. Flowers solitary, axillary, on peduncles about half an inch in length. Calyx acutely 5-angled, 5-cleft at the summit. Co^' rolla white; border 5-toothed. Stamens shorter than the co- rolla ; Jilaments slender, pubescent ; anthers oblong, yellow. Girmen ovate, sulcate ; style as long as the stamen, filiform ; stigma obtuse, bilamellate. Capsule about an inch and a half long, armed with sharp, spreading spines, 2-eelIed. Seeds very numerous, somewhat reniform, black, attached to a central receptacle.
Hab. In waste grounds, road-sides, &c. ; every where. July- September. Introduced.
/3. Tatula* : stem and flovrers purple. D. Tatula L. Wi lid. Spec. Lp-'iOOS. P tir s h Fl. ]. p. \4l. Elliott .S/r. I. p. 277. Tully\.c. R o e m, ^ Sc hu 1 1. lY. p. 305.
Hab. With the preceding. Stem fistulous, spotted with purple. Br. Tully, in Silliman's Journal, above quoted, has given an excellent paper on these two species or varieties of Datura. He is of opinion that they are distinct species, though he acknowledges there are no distinguishing characters except colour. It is remarkable, that though they grow indiscrimin- ately together, no intermediate varieties are ever observed.
161. AZALEA. L. D. Don.
Calyx 5-parted. Corolla short, campanulate, 5-clefto Sfa??i£H.s eqtuil, shorter than the corolla ; anthers open- ing longitudinally. Style straight, included. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, opening at the top. D.Don., in Edin. Phil. Jour. VI. p. 48. Azale^^e spp. L. LoisELEURiA D e sv. foum. de Bot. Ann. III. p. 35. • Roem. ^ Sch ult. Gen. 705. Nat. Ord. Rhodo- .r)E>rDR A. J us s.
A«ALEA» PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 235
A. procumbens L, Fl. Lapp. 9. t. 6. f. 2. D, D on, K c. Pursh FL I. p. 154. M uhl. Cat. p. 20. Loise- LEURiA procumbens D e svaux I. c. Roe m. <$/• S c hult. IV. p. 353.
A small evergreen shrub. Siems cespitose, 3 — 4 inches long, blanched, procumbent, rigid. Leaves opposite, elliptical, very smooth and entire, coriaceous ; margin revolute. Flowers in small terminal umbels, or corymbs; fiedicels short. Calyx red ; segments lanceolate. Corolla bright rose-coloured, small, as long again as the calyx ; segments a little unequal, oblong. Siemens inserted into the base of the corolla ; Jilw ments flat, smooth ; anthers 2-celled, subrotund, opening in- ternally their whole length. Style rather shorter than the sta- mens, persistent ; stigma capitate. Cafisule ovate ; margin of the valves inflexed. Seeds numerous, minute, smooth.
Hab. On the White-Hills of New-Hampshire. Peck and Bigelow. July. On the Catskili Mountains, New-York. D. Douglass.
I have followed Mr. Don, who, at the suggestion of Pursh, has separated all tiie species of Azalea, except procumbens, and united them to Rhododendron, from which they differ in no respect except in the number of stamens.
162. PHYSALIS. L.
Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla campanulate-rotate. Sta- mens connivent. Berry 2-celled, covered by the in- flated calyx. Gen. pi. 336. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 130. Juss. p. 126. Lam. III. t. CXVI. f. 2. Roem. Cjf Schult. Gen. 828. Nat. Ord. Solane^ Juss, Winter-cherry. Ground-cherry,
l.F, obscura M ich.P : pubescent; stem prostrate, di- ▼aricate ; leaves broad-cordate, subsoiitary, unequally and coar.»el^' toothed ; flowers solitary, nodding; calyx very hairy. Mich. Fl. 1. p. 149.^ P. pruinosa Elliot t Sk. hp. 279,
Root annual. Stem spreading on the ground, generally with 2 principal branches. Leaves on long petioles, often with much snialler ones in the axils, acute, with coarse subtepand teeth; base unequal. Floivtrs on peduncles much shorter than the petioles. Calyx almost hispid ; segments ovate, acute. Co- rolla dull yellow, with 5 oblong purple spots at the base. Sta- mens hairy, purple ; anthers oblong. Berry globose, viscous, enclosed in the persistent calyx.
Hab. In dry woods, and on hills. Hoboken, New-Jersey, &c. August.
2. P. viscosa L. : leaves by pairs, subcordate-oval, re- pand, obtuse, subtomenfose ; stem herbaceous, paniculate above; fruit-bearing calyx pubescent, W il I d. Spec, I. p, 30 ^ f
234 PKNTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. FHYSAtis.
1021. Mich.Fl,\,p.\Ad. Pursh FL],p. \57. El- Holt Sic. I. p. 271). Roem. ^ SchuLt, IV. p. 672.
Rojt annual. Stem erect, 2—3 fett high, tlichotomous, glabrous below ; the young bi ancties pubescent and viscid. Leaves al- ternate, generally one at each division of the stem, lanceolate, acuminate, toothed, repand, slightly viscous and sprinkled with bans; peiiule 2 — 3 inches long. JFloivers solitary in the divi- sions of the sten) ; peduticks one inch long, erect when tlie flower expands, afterwBids incldin*^. C'a'yx caiupanulate, lO* nerved, concave, pubescent at the base. Corolla campanulate, twice as long as the calyx, pubescent, ycUow, marked at the base witii 5 obscure villous spots. Filamtnts as long as the corolla, inserted into its base; anthers erect, pale blue. Stigma capitate. Berry globose, enclos. d in the inflated, S-angicd, persistent calyx. Seeds reniform, immersed in the pulp of me btrry. E 1 1.
Hab. On road sides, among rubbish. Pennsylvania to Carolina. P urs h.
I insert this plant on the authority of Pur eh alone; per- haps Elliott's is a distinct species.
3. P. pennsyhanica L. : leaves ovate, subrepand, obtuse, nearly naked ; stem herbaceous, branched ; peduncles soli= tary, a little longer than the petioles. Wit Id, Spec. \. p. 1021. Pursh FU \, p.\bl, Elliott Sk. I. ^, 272,- Roem. ^' Sc hull. W. p. 673.
Root perennial. Stem erect or procumbent, about a foot high, somewhat angular and tomentose. Leaves alternate, serraie- repand, obscurely tomentose beneath. Peduncles axillary, a litUe longer t.ian the petioles. Calyx subcylindrical, slightly- angular, retuse at the base. Corolla yellovv^, not spotted at the base. Stamenn yellow. Berry globose, small, rt d. L i n.
Hab. On roud sides, among rubbish. Pennsylvania to Canada. Pur shy Muhlenberg. July — September.
4. P. lanceolata Mich.: leaves geminate, oval-lanceo- late, entire, narrowed at the base into a petiole; stem her- baceous, dichotomous ; calyx villous. M i c k. Fl, 1. p. 149. Pursh FLl.\).]57. El I io 1 1 Sk. l. p. 27S. Roem, ^' Schult. IV. p. 673.
Root perennial, creeping. Stem 1 — 2 feet high, densely pubes- cent. Leaves generally in pairs, about 3 inches long, very en- tire, on peiioks one-third their length. Flowers solitary, no(!ding, generally towards the upper part of the stem. Calyx inflated ; the base truncate. Corolla pale yellow, with 5 ob- scure purple spots at the base.
Hab. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg.
I have seen no northern specimens of this plant. Mine are from Georgia.
j'HTSALis. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 23£
P. fihiladelfiliica oi L a m a r c k, which is stated by Pur sh to inhabit tlie Umied Slates, from New-Ent^land to Virj:j;iiua, appeals to be scarcely distinct from P. obscura of Mic hau x,
163. SOLANUM. L.
Calyx 5 — 10-parted, persistent. Corolla rotate, 1-pe- talled, 5 — 6-lobcd. Anthers oblong, opening at the top by 2 pores. Berry 2 — 6 -celled. DunaL Hist, Solan, p. 115. Solan I spp. L. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 127. Roenu ^ Schult. Gen. 826. Nat. Ord. SoLANE^/w**. Nightshade.
I.S. Dulcamara L. : stem fruticose, flexuous, without thorns; leaves ovate-cordate; superior ones hastate; co- rymbs opposite the leaves. Dun Sol. p> 140. fV ill d. Spec. I. p. 1028. Smit h Fl. Brit. I. p. 256. Eng. Bot. t. 565. Fursh Fl.l.p. ]56. B ig. Bosl. ^. b2. Med. Bot. II. p. 169. t. 18. Ho em. 4^ Schult. IV. p. 581.
Stem clin)bin^, smooth, or pubescent. Lower leaves cordate, entire; upper ones hastate or auiiculate. /lowers in lateral clusters. Catyx with short acute segments. Corolla violet ; set::ments reflected, each with two ^reen tubercles at the base. jinthers large, yellow, slightly connected into a cone. Ber^ Ties oval, bright red.
Hab. In low groiinds, and along brooks. July— August.
2. S. nigrum f. virginianum L. : stem herbaceous, veith- out thorns, angular, toothed ; leaves orate, obtusely toothed and waved ; flowers subumhelled. Willd. Spec. I. p. i053. PurshFl.\.^.]b&. E 1 1 1 o 1 1 Sk. I. p. 280. S. nigrum B i g. Bost. p. 53. S. alatum M oench Meth. p 474. (fide Per S.J S, pterocaule D un. Solan, p. 153. R o e m, ^ Schult. IV. p. 588.
Root annual. Stem much branched, often spreading on the ground, angular, or slightly winged, often denticulate. Leaves attenuate at the base, witii very obtuse, somewhat repand teeth. Umbels lateral, few-flowered, nodding. Corotta white; seg- ments acute, somewhat reflected. Berries spherical, black, 2-celled.
Hab. In old fields and waste places. July — August. Intro- duced ?
This is certainly not a distinct species from S. nigrum^ if, indeed, it be even a variety.
3. S. carolinense L. : stem annual, aculeate ; leaves ovate-oblong, tomentose, hastate and sinuate-angular, acu- minate; racemes simple, lax. Dun. Sol. p. 227. Willd.
236 PENTANDRTA. MONOGYNFA. solanum.
Spec. I. p. 1043. Mich. FL I. p. 150. Pursh Fl. I. p. 156. 71/ M /t /. Ca^ p. 23. £ Hio H SA-. I. p. 282. Roem, ^ Schult. IV. p. 662. Dill, Elth. p. 362. t. 269. f. 348.
Root perennial. Seem suffruticose, but annual, erect, branched, about a foot high, armed with sharp expanding prickles. Leaves prickly along the midrib and larger veins on both sides, covered with a stellate pubescence. Racemes lateral, few-flowered, often longer than the leaves, Calyx prickly, with acuminate segments. Corolla large, white, or pale blue j segments ovate, acute. Berries globose, yellow.
Hab. In Pennsylvania and Maryland. Muhlenberg. June.
164. CAMPANULA. L.
Calt/x mostly 5-cleft. Corolla campanulate, 5-cleft. Filaments dilated at the base. Stigma 3 — 5-cleft. Cap- sule 3-(rarely 5-)celled, opening by lateral pores. Gen. pi. 290. Xutt. Gen. I. p. 136. Juss. p. 164. Lam. III. t. CXXIII. Roejn. ^ Sehult. Gen. 877. Nat. Ord. Campanula /^^ 5 A-. Bell-Jlower.
1 . C. rotundifolia L. : glabrous ; radical leaves reniform- cordate, crenate ; cauline ones linear, entire ; panicle lax, few-flowered. Willd. Spec. I. p. 892. Smith FL Brit. I. p. 235. En^. Bot. t. 866. M i c h. Fl. I. p. 108. Purs h F/. I. p. 159. Roem. ^ Schuli.\.\>.2^.
Boot perennial, creeping. Stem erect, slender, a foot or more high, terete, branched at the base. Radical leaves on long petioles, cordate and oblong ; cauline leaves 2 — 3 inches long, very narrow. Flowers few, drooping, in a loose terminal pa- nicle or raceme. Pedicels 1 -flowered, elongated. Segments of the calyx subulate, spreading. Corolla blue; segments broad-ovate, acute. Stamens included ; JUamtnts dictated at the base, and closing the base of the corolla; anthers linear, marcescent. Style longer than the stamens ; Hti^ma 3-lobed.
Hab. On rocks along the banks of rivers. Passaic Falls, New- Jeisey. Fishkill, New-York, Ecc. June. This plant is sel- dom found with radical leaves, as they wither very early.
2. C. amplexicauHs Mich. : stem simple, erect ; leaves cordate, crenate, amplexicaul ; flowers axillary, sessile, glo- merate. Mich. Fl.]. 1^. 108. Elliott Sk. I. p. 262. Roem. ir Schult,Y.p,]55. C. perfoliata L. W ill d. Spec. I. p. 915. Pwrs/i i^/. I. p. 116. jBig. Bos/, p. 54. Walt. Car. p. 100.
Moot annual. Stem 8 — 12 inches high, angular; angles re- trorsely hispid. Leaves broad-cordate, amplexicaul, and thus appearing perfoliate^ dentate-crenate, with prominent veins be-
-CAMPANULA. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNU. 237
Death. Flowers closely sessile, 1 — 4 in the axil of each leaf. Calyx deeply 3 — 5-parted ; segments lanceolate, very acutCj spreading. Corolla purple, somewhat hypocrateriform ; seg- ments ovate, acute. Stamens about half the length of the co- rolla ; filaments dilated at the base ; anthers blue. Stigma 3- clefl. Cafisule oblong, angular, 3-celled, crowned wi'h the calyx, opening by 3 lateral orifices. Seeds numerous, minute, Hab. In fields, and on dry hills ; common. May — July.
Sometimes this plant occurs very low and slei)der, producing apetalous flowei-s, with the calyx uniformly 3-cleft.
3. C. americana L,? leaves ovate-lanceolate, much acu- minate, membranaceous, uncinately serrate; lower ones sub- cordate, with the petioles ciliate ; flowers subsohtary, nearly aessile, in a terminal leafy raceme ; corolla subrotate ; style exserted. fVilld. Spec. I. p. Sj8?
Root perennial. Stem 2 feet high, simple, terete, smooth. Lower leaves ovate, more or less cordate ; cauline ones attenuate at the base; upper surface sparingly hirsute. Raceme long, leafy below; fiedicela short, clavate, 1 — 2 in the axil of each leaf or bract. Calyx with spreading subulate segments. Corolla blue, flat ; segments oblong, acute. Style one third longer than the corolla ; stigma 3-lobed.
Hab. On rocks about the Falls of Niagara. Co o fie r.
This plant agrees nearly as well with C. americana as with C. acuminata^ which two species, I strongly suspect, are not distinct.
4. C. acuminata M ich.: nearly smooth; stem straight, erect; leaves lanceolate, attenuated to a long point, subser- rate; spike fasciculate, many-flowered; corolla subrotate. JVfic A. F/. I. p. 108. Pursh FlA.^.lb^. Elliott fik. I. p. 202. Roem. i^ Schult. V. p. 11 3. C. nitidti A i t. Kew, ed. 1. I. p» 221 ? nee Purs h FL Supp. II. p. 731.
Root perennial. Stem, erect, 2 — 3 feet high, terete, glabrous.
Leaves remotely serrate, attenuate at the base, thin, very
smooth. Flowers generally by threes in the axil of each leaf;
pedicels very short. Corolla blue. Stamens shorter than the
corolla. S,'t//e much exserted. Ell. Hab. On the high mountains of Pennsylvania and Virginia.
Pur s h,
5. C. aparinoides Ph. : stem slender, branched, acutely Bubtriangular ; angles, with the margin and nerve of the leaves retrorsely aculeate ; leaves linear-lanceolate, smooth above ; peduncles {ew, terminal, filiform, flexuous, 1 -flowered. Pursh Fl.\. ^.\bd. Roem. ir Schult. V. p. ]33. C. erinoidts Muhl. Cat, p. 22. B i g, Bost. p. 1 54. Elliott
236 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. campanula.
jS/fc. K p, 263. C.fiexuosa Mich, fl. I. p. 109 ? C. aspera Do nn Cat. (fide M u h L)
Boot annual. Stem erect or diffuse, weak, about a foot high, supported by the suiTuundinjj plants, branched towards the top, with abnost winjjed angles. Lp.aves sessile, an inch in length, remotely denticulate. Feofurac/e* spreading. Flo'vrrs small, nodding. Calyx with ovate acute segments. Corolla campa;iuiate, white, with blue veins ; segments ovate. Fila- mentu hairy. Siyle 3-cleft. Capsule glob'jse, 3-celled. Seed» minute, numerous.
Hab. In wet meadows. Near Elizabeth-Town, New-Jersey. £ ddy. On the banks of the Hudson in various places. Near B jston. Dige I ow. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg, 8ic. June — August.
Tliis species, as Elliott observes, is very nearly allied to C. erinoides of Lin. Mint. 44, which is said to be a native of Africa. Mu hie nb er g, and others, refer to this species alsi, C Jlexuosa of Mic h au x, which is described as be^ ing smooth, with the fijwers on short peduncles I
165. DIERVILLA. T ournefort.
Calyx oblong, 5-cleft, bracteate at the base. Corolla infundibuliform, 5-cleft, spreading. Stigina capitate. Sti'nens a little exsertcd. Capsule naked, oblong, 4- celled, many-seedtd. Juss.\i.2\\. Nutt. Gen, I. p. 139. Lam. III. tCL. R o e m. ^ SchalU Ge?t. 879. LoNicER^ sp. Lin.y &c. Nat. Ord, Caprifolia Ju ss.
D. Tourneforln Mich, Fl. T. p. 107. Roem, ^ S chult.Y.p. 1 59. D. humilis Per';. Syn. 1. p. 2 1 4. D. lutea F urs h Fl. \. p. 162. D. canadensis M >i h I. Cat. p, 23. Willd. Enwn. h. Berol. I. p. 222. Big. B)sL p. 56. Elliott Sk. I. p. 273. Lonicera DiervUla L, Willd. Spec. I. p. 989.
A shrub 2 — 3 feet high ; branches smooth ; the lower ones somewhat quadrangular. Leaves opposite, ovate, on sh )rt petioles, serrate, acuminate, smooth, about 3 inches in length. Peduncles in the axils of the superior leaves, 2 — 3-fll.)wered. Segments of the calyx less than one half the length of the co- rolla, subulate, smooth ; bracts 2, minute. Corolla yellow, with the segments oblong, unequal. Capsule contracted above. Seeds minute.
Hab. In rocky woods. June.
166. LOBELIA, L. -Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla irregular, 5-parted, cleft on
LOBELIA. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 239
the upper side nearly to the base. Anthers united into a tube. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule inferior, or semi- superior, 2— 3-ceIled, 2-valvtd at the apex. Gen. pL 1363. R. Brown Prod. I. p. 561. Nu 1 1. Gen. II. p. 75. Juss. p. 165. Lam. Ill t. DCCXXIV, Roem. ^ Schiilt. Gen. 873. Nat. Ord. Lobe- LiACEiE Jii s s>-[ olim Campanulace^e.
1. L. Dortmanna L. : leaves linear, 2-ceIled, fleshy, ob- tuse ; scape nearly naked ; flowers racemed, remote. W it ld» Spec. I. p. 938. E)ig. Bot, t. 140. Mich. Ft. II. p. 153, Pursh Ft. II. p. 446. Muhl. Cat. p. 2^2. Big. Bost. p. 36. Roem. k- S chut t.\. p. 37. L. paludosa N utt. Gen. II. p. 75. R. ^ S. L c.
Root perennial, consisting of numerous matted fibres. Leaves ira» mersed, 1—2 inches long, growing in a tuft about the root, ob- tuse, spreading and recurved, consisting of 2 united tubes, with a longitudinal dissepiment. Scafie a foot and a half high, emerged, bearing 3 — 4 very remote pedicellate nodding flowers. Pedi- cel-1 haif an inch long, with a small bract at the base. Calyx smooth, with 5 oblong teeth. Corolla pale blue, half an inch long ; segments of the lower lip pubescent at the base. Style persistent. Ca/2««/(? erect, 2-celled. "Seec/* oblong, numerous, scabrous. Water Gladiole.
Hab. In fresh water ponds and deep swamps. Near Boston. Big e low. Chester, Massachusetts. £w m 0 72*. In New> Jersey. Muhlenberg. In deep sphagnous swamps, from Sussex cou7ity, in Delaware, to Georgia, 'j\'u 1 1 a 1 1. July,
The Noith-American plant is scarcely a distinct species. On comparing it with my European specimens, I could per- ceive no important difference. In the latter, the inferior seg- ments of the corolla are distinctly bearded at the base.
2. L. Kalmii L. : whole plant smooth ; slem slender, erect, branched; leaves linear, remotely denticulate ; radical ones spathulate ; raceme lax, few-flowered, leafy ; peduncles longer than the fruit, with 2 minute bracts near the flower ; capsule attenuate at the base. Willd. Spec. I. p. 939 Mich. Fl.\\.^.\53, Pursh FLU. p. 446. Mutt. GcH. 11. p. 76. fF a//. Cor. p. 218. Ro em. ^ S chult\ V. p. 38.
Root biennial? Stem a foot or 18 inches high, very slender. Leaves 1 — 2 inches long, and about a line and a half broadi with a few remote minute teeth. Peduncles nearly an inch in length. Calyx smooth j segments lanceolate, shorter than the
f Annal. du Mus. XVIII. p. 1. et seq.
240 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. ^omtm,
capsule. Corolla half an inch long, delicate blue ; segments very acute. Cafisule obovate, 2-celled, surrounded by the calyx. Hab. On rocks along the banks of rivers in the northern and western parts of the State of New-York, 8cc. July— August..
3. L. Nuttallii R. ^ S. : stem erect, minutely scabrous, simple, or with filiform branches ; leaves oblong-linear, den- ticulate ; flowers in slender racemes, distant; peduncles co- loured, shorter than the flower, with minute bracts near the base; capsule obtuse below. R o em. ^ S chult. V. pj 39. L. gracilis M'utt. Gen. \l. p. 77. L. Kalrnii Bart, FL Jmer. Sept. t, 34. f. 1. Elliott Sk, I. p. 264,
JRooe biennial, (apparently perennial, vVm 1 1.) Stem erect, slen- der, often flfxuous, 2 feet high. Peduncles one-fourth of att inch long, with 2 opposite very minute bracts near the base. Segments of the calyx longer than the capsule. Corolla pale blue, smaller than in the preceding species.
Hab. On the dry margin of sandy swamps in the pine barrens of Nevv-Jersey. August.
Tiere is a variety of this species, which i% smooth and somewhat glaucous, growing abundantly in swamps in the pine barrens of New-Jersey. It was pointed out to me by Mr. JVuttall.
4. L. Claytoniana Mich, : stem erect, simple, pubes- cent; leaves oblong, pubescent, obtuse, nearly entire; radi- cal ones spathulate ; raceme virgate, naked ; segments of the calyx subulate, nearly as long as the tube of the corolla. Mich. Fl.U.p. U3. Pursh FLIL^. 447. Elliot g Sk. I. p. 2G5. Roem. ^ Schult. V. p. 43. L. palUda Muhl.Cat.^.^2. Big. Bost.f.55. E llio tt SkA.ct L. goodmioides W itld. Hort. Berol. I. p. 30. t. 30. L. spi- caSa Lam. Enc. III. p. 587. Rapuntium folii&oblongis vil- losis, &;c. Gron, Virg.ip. 135.
Root perennial. Stern erect, a foot and a half, or 2 feet high, al- most always simple. Radical leaves spathulate, or obovate, 2 inches or more in length, nearly entire ; stem leaves generally obtuse, obscurely crenate-dentate, often densely pubescent. Raceme 6 — 10 inches long, 10 — 30-flowered. Pedicels one- fourth of an inch long, erect. Calyx pubescent at the base. Corolla pale blue, as large as in L. Kalmiii superior aeg" ments linear-oblong.
Hab. In dry open woods, fields, &c. ; commoR.
I am unable to discover any marks of discrimination be- tween L. Claytoniana of Mic b aux, and L, pallida o£ Muh le n b e rg.
5. L. puherula M i c h. : pubescent ; stem erect, simple ; leaves oblong-nval, obtuse, repand-serrulate; spike secitnc\
toBELiA. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 241
leafy at the base ; segments of the calyx longer than the tube of the corolla, ciliatc^. Mich. Fl. I J. p. 152. P ursh FL IL p. 447. Elliott Sk.\.^.^Q>l» R o em^ ^ S chulU V. p. 55,
Root perennial. Stem 2 feet hip;h, somewhat angular. Radical leaves obovate ; stem leaves oblong or lanceolate, unequally repand-serrulate. Raceme secuiid. with a small denticulate leaf at the base of each nearly sessile flower. Calyx: with the sinuses reflexed ; segments linear-lanceolate, distinctly ciliate. Corolla bright blue, nearly an inch long; segments of the up- per lip linear-oblong, pubescent beneath ; those of the lower lip obovate. Stamens a little longer t''an the tube of the co- rolla; Jilaments flattened; anthers blue, a little incurved, and villous at the extremity. Style shorter than the stamens; stigma compressed, concave at the summit.
Hab. In Pennsylvania and Maryland. Muhlenberg. Sep- tember.
6. L. siphilitica L. : stem erect, rather hairy ; leavcB ovate-lanceolate, unequally serrate; raceme leafy; calyx hairv, with the sinuses reflexed. W il I d. Spec. I. p. 945. Mi'ch. FLW.^. \o\. Pursh FLll.^.Ul. Elliott Sk. L p. 25»''.. Roem.^Schult.\.'^.5\,
Root perennial. Stem simple, angular, a foot and a half or 2 feet high, hairy on the angles. Leaves closely sessile, acute or acuminate, with scattered appressed hairs on the upper surface, very unequally repand-serrate, or rather toothed. Raceme 8 — 12 inches long, with the leaves at the base of the flowers, gradually diminishing in size upwards. Flowers on short pedicels. Calyx shorter than the tube of the corolla ; segments lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate. Corolla large, bright blue.
Hab. In low boggy meadows, and on the banks of rivers ; com" mon. September.
There is a variety of this species with white flowers.
7. L. inflala L. : stem hairy, branched ; leaves ovate- lanceolate; racemes leafy, somewhat paniculate; capsules inllated. W i tl d. Spec. I. p. 946. M ich, FL II. p. 152. P u r s h FL II. p. 44^. B i g. Bast. p. 55. Veg, Mai. JV/e^/. I.p. 177. t. 19. Bart. Med. Bot\.\.,\Q,. fValt. Car. p. 218. B o e m. <^ S c hu 1 1. V. p. 53.
Root annual. Stem a foot or more in height, erect, often very hairy, with paniculate branches. Leaves more or less ovate, stsbile, unequally crenate. i'7ower« on peduncles one-fourth of an inch long. Segments of the calyx subulate, smooth. Corolla small, pale blue. Ca/isulc ovate, smootn, nerved and reticulate. Had. In fields and pastures. August. Indian tobacco
Plant acrid, resembling tobacco in taste. 31
242 l^EKTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. tonttiA.
8. L. Cardinalis L, : stem erect ; leaves oblong-lanceo- late, serrate ; raceme secund, somewhat !ea(y ; stamens longer than the corolla. W il t d. Spec. 1. p. 944. Bot.Mag.i. 320. Mich. Ft.U.^. \b\. P ?/ r 5 /t /7. II. p. 448. Big, Bost.p.55, Elliott Sk.l. ip. 268, W a 1 1, Car.Tp. 21B. Roem. i-i- Schult, V. p. 50.
J?oo/ perennial. 5Vem 2 feet high, very smooth, simple. Leaves smooth, acute at each extremity, erosely serrate ; lower ones tapering to a petiole at the base. Race7ne 8 — 12 inches long, iTiany-flowered. Flowers very large, on angular pubescent pedicels half an inch in length. Superior foliaceous brads glandular denticulate. Tube of the calyx short, obtusely tur- binate, smooth, with 5 prominent nerves ; segments linear-su- bulate. Corolla bright scarlet, tube an inch long, slender ; segments of the lower Up oblong-lanceolate ; those of the up- per lip linear-oblong. Stamens projecting one-third of their length beyond the tube of the corolla; anthers cucullate, smooth, blue ; filaments scarlet, flat. Style filifornn ; stigma, with 2 spreading lobes, at length projecting beyond the sta- mens, covered with a membranaceous iiwolucrum or frarfu- sium.
Hab. In swamps a«d wet thickets. July — August. Cardinal
fionuer^
167. LONICERA. L.
Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla with the tube elongated; border 5-cleft, generally unequal. Stamens exsertcd. Stigma globose. Berry distinct, 3-celled, many-seed- ed, LoNicER^.y/>/>. Z>.,&c. Caprifolium Tourrio Juss. p. 212. Lam. ///. t. CL. f. 1. Roem. b' Seliult. Gen. 926. Nat. Ord. Caprifolia /w*^. Honey- stickle or Woodbine.
T. L. Ursula Eaton: spikes verticillate, terminal, sub- capitate, glandulous-pubescent; leaves broad-ovate and obo- vate, pubescent and ciliate, glaucous beneath; upper ones connate-perfoliate, nearly smooth. Eaton Man. Bot. ed. 3. p. 341. Cavrifoi.ivm pubescens G oldie in Edin. Phil, Jour. Apr. 1 822. Hook. Exot. Bol. t. 27.
5^cm frutescent, climbing from left to right, 20 — 30 feet long. Leaves nearly sessile, or narrowed at the base into a short pe- tiole, sometimes only slightly pubescent, but always distinctly ciliate; uppermost pairs rarely pubescent or ciliate. Pedun- cles generally in threes, 6 — 8-flowered. Calyx very minute. Corolla yellow, an inch long, pubescent ; tube a little gibbous on one side near the base, villous within ; lower lip deflected, entire; upper one with 4 oblong obtuse lobes. Stamens ex- serted; filaments a little hairy ; a'nthcrs linear-oblong. Style
LONicERA. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 243
as long as the stamens; stigma capitate. Berriet orange, sessile, crowded, crowned with the persistent calyx, covered with a glandular pubescence. Hab. Near Williams College, Massachusetts. Eaton. Mid- dlebury, Vermont. Mr. J. Rice. On West Canada Creek. Ntw-Yrirk. Ha d le y. In the western parts of the State of New York. Mr. Craw e. June.
I strongly suspect this is only a variety of L. ^flava Bol. Mug. t. 1318, (Caprifol. Fraseri Ph.) wliich scarcely differs except in the leaves being smooth. The leaves are variable in breadth, pubescence, £cc. In the specimens sent me by Prof. Ha dley, they are only slightly pubescent ; the upper pair perfectly smooth, abruptly acuminate, with the superior surface shining. In Afr. Cr awe's specimens, the two up- permost pairs of leaves are connate and mucronate ; the lower ones ovate, on short petioles, and almost villous.
2. \j. jlava Sims: spikes verticillate, capitate, terminal; iSorolla somewhat ringent; segments oblong, obtuse; leaves ovate, gkucous beneath, with a cartilaginous margin ; upper ones Connate-perfoliate. Sims inBot. Mag, 1318. Ca- PRiFouiCM Jlavum E Hi oil Sk. I. p. 271. C. Frasen PurshFl. 1, p. 160. Roem.<^ Schult.Y.p. 262.
Stem twining over shrubs. Leaves oval, deciduous, slightly cor- date, obtuse, sometimes emarginate, glabrous, glaucous be- neath, with whitish veins, contracted, but connate at the base ; upper leaves large and less contracted at the base. Flower* in 1—3 terminal heads. Corolla at first bright yellow, after- wards orange, deeply bilabiate ; upper lip broader, 4-cleft, re- flexed ; the lower entire, reflexed ; tube hairy within, very slightly enlarged at the base. Elliott.
Hab.' On the Catskili Mountains, New-York, &C. June — July. Furs/i,
3. L. parvifiora L a m. : spikes verticillate, capitate; leaves deciduous, glaucous beneath, all of them connate-per- foliate ; corolla ringent, gibbous at the base ; filaments beard- ed. L a m. Erie. I. p. 728. Caprifolium parviflorum P ur s k Z'/. I. p. 161. Elliott Sk, I. p. 272. C. bracttosum M i c h. Fl. K p. 1 05. C. dioicum Roem. ^ Schult.V, p. 2G0. LoN. dioicaL. M it. Kew. \. p, QSO. Willd. Spec. I. p. 983. h. media Mur. CommMot. 1776. p. 28. t. 3.
St^TK twining, 10 — 15 feet long, terete, glaucous. Leaves ovate or oblong, obtuse, remarkably glaucous beneath ; the upper pair (bracts) very large. Flowers generally in single terminal heads of about 3 whorls. Corolla yellow, about three-fourths of an inch in length ; tube very gibbous on the lower side oi the base, hairy within ; lower lip linear-oblong, entire, refiect- cd ; upper li(> with 4 oblong obtuse segments. Stameiis ex- serted ; fJamentt bearded at the base. Berries small, red.
244 PENTANDRTA. MONOGYNIA. lonicera.
Hab. In rocky shady situations ; particularly on the banks oF rivers ; not rare. June.
4. h. grata Ai t,: flowers verticillate, terminal; leaves perennial, obovate. glaucous beneath; upper ones connate- perfoliate. Jlit. Kew. I. p. 2.:J1. Willd, Spec. I. p. 984, Cafrifolium gratum Pur s h Fl. 1. p. 1 G 1 , Elliott Sk. I. p. 272. Roein.^Schult.Y.^. 262.
A shrub 4 — 8 feet high, climbing, or erect. Leaves obovate or oblong, a little connate at the base, revolute on the margin. « Flowers inclining to scarlet. Corolta ringent, with the tube elMigated," Ph. Berries red.-
Hab. In the Cedar Swamp of New-Durham, about 3 miles from Hohoken, New-Jersey. On the mountains, rambling among rocks, in shady, moist situations ; New-York to Caro- lina; rare. Pursh.
I have not seen this plant in flower.
5. L. sempi-rvirens Ait. : spikes somewhat naked, verti- cillate, terminal; leaves oblong, glaucous beneath;' upper ones connate-perfoliate ; corolla nearly equal, with the tube above ventric.ose. Ai t. Ktw. I. p. 230. Wi 1 1 d. Spec. 1. p. 983. Bot. Mag. t. 781. IV a It, (Jar. I. p. 131. Capri- roLiuM sempprvirens Mich. Fl. I. p. 105. Pursh FL I. p. 160. Elliott Sk.i. I). 271. Roem. >ir Schult.Y, p. iG3.
Stem climbing. Leaves perennial, oval, on the upper surface very smooth, on the under glaucous and a little hairy ; the lower ones petiolate ; the upper connate, obtuse. Flowers in verticillate spikes ; the terminal verticils remote, 6-flowered ; 1 or 2 glands between each germen. Corolla infundibuliform, crimson externally, brighter red witliin ; segments acute, one division generally deeper than the others. Berries scarlet. Seeds 4 in each cell, attached to a fitjrous central receptacle. Elliott.
Hab. On stony dry woods. Ne\y-York to Carolina. May — Au- gust. Pursh.
168. XYLOSTEUM. Tournefort.
Flowers by pairs on the summit of the same pedun- cle. Calyx 5-toothed, with 2 connate bracts at the base. Corolla 5- cleft, subequal or bilabiate. Berries by pairs, more or less connate, 2-celled, many-seeded. Ju s s. p. 212. Nil 1 1. Geii. I. p. 138. L a m. III. t. CL. f. 2. Lonicera Roem. cs? Schult. Gm. LoNicERJE spp. Lin. Nat. Ord. Caprifolia Juss.
SYLOSTEUM. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 245
1. X. ciliatum Ph. : leaves ovate and subcordate, ciliate, the younger ones villous beneath ; tube of the corolla cal- carate at the base, ventricose above ; segments short, acute .• style exserted. P m r s A F/. I. p. 1 6 1 . X. iarlarica M i c h, Fl. I. p. 1 06. LoNiCERA ciliala M u h I. Cat, p. 22. Rotm. ^ Schult, V. p. 256.
A shrub 3 — 4 feet high, with spreading, somewhat angular branches. Leaves opposite, deciduous, on short petioles, ovate, generally acute, more or less cordate at the base ; mar.^in ci- liate, with hairs. Pedicels solitary, axillary near the extremity of the branches, opposite, at first about half an inch loi.g. elon- gated when in fruit. Involucrum 2-leaved; leaves oblong, shorter than the connate germens. Bracts connate. Calyx very minute. Corolla yellow, about three fourths of an inch long, bilabiate ; segments ovate, acute ; tube remarkably gibbous, but scarcely calcarate, at the base. Filaments included, sm<joth, inserted into the tube of the corolla ; anthers oblong, sulcate. Style angular ; stigma capitate, dilated. Berries distinct, ovate, spreading, red, dry ? 6-secded. Seeds compressed.
IIab. On mountains. On the Catskill Mountains, &c., Nev^r- York. Common in New-England. May— June.
This shrub so much resembles X. tarturicuvi, that it has been considered the same by Michaux. It, however, ap- pears to differ in the leaves being ciliate even when old, in the exserted style, ovate berries, Sec.
2. X. viUosum M i c h. : berries coadunale ; leaves ob- long and oval, obtuse ; the younger ones, with the corolla, villous ; peduncles much shorter than the flower. Mich. Fl. I. p. 106. Pursh Fl. I. p. 161. X. Sohnis Eat. Man. Bot, p. 518. X. ohlongifo/ium G old. in Edin. Phil. Mag. jipr. 1822. Loniceka villosa Muhl. Cat. p. 22. Roem. ^ Schult. V. p. 256.
A shrub 2 — 4 feet high ; young branches villous. Leaves op- posite, very entire, on short petioles, very villous when young, but at length much smoother. Pedicels axillary in the upper part of the branches. Involucrum subulate, longer than the germens. Corolla yellow, about half an inch long ; segments oblong, rather obtuse ; tube not gibbous at the base. Filaments a little exserted, bearded ; anthers linear-oblong, yellow. Style longer than the stamens ; stigma small. Berries red or pur- ple, 6 — 8-seeded.
Hab. Near Williams College, Massachusetts. Eaton. Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Porter. At the foot of the White-Hills, New-Hampshire. Dr. S. Smith. Near Tren- ton, New-Jersey. Dudgeon. In New-York and Pennsyl- vania. Muhlenberg. May. In the Highlands of New- York. Barratt.
I think there can be little doubt that this is the Xylosteum viUosum of Mi chau x, though it is remarkable that this Bo-
246 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. XYtosTEuu;
tanist should have omitted in his description the remarkable character of the united berries. F u r s fi, who acknowledges he had never seen the plant, has very improperly interpolated the character " baccis dibtinctis."
169. SYMPHORIA. P e rs oon.—P ur sh. Calyx minute, 4-toothed, with 2 small bracts at the base. Corolla subcampanulate, short, 5-cleft, nearly equal. Stamem scarcely exserted. Stigma globose. Berry^ crowned with the persistent calyx, 4-celled, 4- seeded, 2 of the cells sometimes abortive, P ers. Syn, I. p. 214, subgenus. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 138. Symphoricarpus /)?■//. Juss. \i.2\\. Lam. Ill, t. CL. Roe m, y^ Sch u-lt, Ge?i. 904. Nat. Ord. Caprifolia Juss. Peter^s-worf.
1. S. glomerata Ph,: racemes axillary, capitate, conglo- merate. PurshFl.\.^.]G2, K utt. GenA.z. Sympho- ricarpus vulgaris Mich. Fl. I. p. 106. Willd. Enum. h, 5f.ro/. I. p. 221. MnhlCnt.^.^2. R o em. ^ S c hult^ V. 222. LoNiCERA Symphoricarpus L, Willd. Spec. I. p. 989.
A shrub 3 — 4 feet high, with erect terete pubescent branches Leaves opposite, ovate, cm short petioles, very entire; pubes- cent and somewhat glaucous beneath. Racemes 3 — 4 in the axils of the leaves; peduncles very short. Bracts 3-leaved^ Corolla tubular-campanulate, about a line and a half in lengtbj greenish red ; segments, ovate, acute. Filaments and style beai ded. Btrries purple, small.
Ha.b. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg:
2. S. racemosa Ph. : racemes terminal ; corolla bearded within. Pursh Fl. I. p. 1G2. Kutt. Gen. 1. p. 139c Bart. Fl. Am. Sept.. I. t. 19.. Symphoricarpus racemosus Mich. Fl. I. p. 1 07. MuhU Cat. p» 22. Rae m. 4- SchulL V. p. 222.
A shrub 2 — 3 feet high, with slender opposite branches. Leaves opposite, elliptical-ovate, on short petioles, obtuse, slightly ci- liate. Racemes tenninaiing the branches, short, rather crowded. Pedicels short, spreading, and at length recurved, with a mi- nute bract at the base. Corolla pale red, twice as large as in the preceding species, very hairy within ; segments ovate, ob- tuse. Filamencs very short, a little bearded, alternating with the segments of the corolla ; anthers large, oblong. Style shorter than the stamens ; stigma capitate ; germen with 2 con- nate bracts at the base. Berries large, ovate, beautiful white.
Hab. On rocks about the Falls of Niagara. D, Douglass.
Snoiu-berrt:,
'fRioSTEUM. PENTANDR[A. MONOGYNIA. f4T
no. TRIOSTEUM. L.
Calyx 5-cleft ; segments linear, nearly as long as the ^dorolla. Corolla tubular, 5-lobed, subequal, gibbous at the base. Staynens included. Stigma capitate, lobed. Berry 3-celled, 3-seeded, crowned with the calyx. Gen. pi. 300. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 139. J21 s s, p. 211. Gar t. de fruct. I. t. 26. L a m. III. t. CL, Roem. ^ SchulU Gen. 903. Nut, Ord. Capri- vo-LiA Juss. Fever -wort,
T. perfoUatxmi L. : leaves oval, aaiminate, abruptly nar- vowed at the base, connate, pubescent beneath ; margin un- dulate ; axils 1 — 3 flowered; flowers (purple) sessile. Willd. Spec. I. p. 990. Pursh Fl. I. p. 162. Big. Bost. p. 55. Med. BoL 1. p. 90. t. J 9. BarU Veg. MaU Med,t.4. Elliott Sk. \.Tp. '2G9. Roem. ^Schult, V. p. 221. T. majus Mich. Fl. I. p. 107. Triosteosper- mum, latiorefoHo.&c. Dill. Elth. 394. t, 293. f.378.
Hoot perennial, thick and fleshy. Stem 2—3 feet high, when young viscosely pubescent. Leaves 6 — 7 inches long, some- what spathulate, tomentose beneath, scabrous above ; base sometimes very narrow, but always connate. Floivers sessile, 1—3 in the axil of each leaf. Segments of the calyx acute, pubescent, often longer than the corolla. Corolla dull purple, about half an inch long, viscosely pubescent, tube very gibbous at the base ; segments of the border subrotund. Filaments bearded; anr/jers oblong, incumbent. 5?y/e nearly as long as the corolla; stigma incrassated, somewhat 5-lobed. Berry ovate, dry, orange, (purple, Furs/i,) crowned with the spreading persistent calyx. Seeds elliptic, hard, with 3 striae externally.
Hab. Iri rocky woods, and on mountains ; rare. In woods en Long-Island, near Brooklyn. On the hills betvpeen Hoboken and Weehawk, New-Jersey, See. June.
A mild emetic and cathartic. I have never observed the berries of this plant dark purple, as they are described by Fur sA, and as they are represented by B art o n.
171. ITEA. L.
Calyx minute, 5-cleft. Fefa/s 5, linear, reflexed, spreading, inserted upon the calyx. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded. Seeds attached to the infiexed margins of the valves. Gen.pl. 381. Mich. Fl. I. p. 156. M'utt. Gen.
na PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. itea.
I. p. 144. Juss. p. 159. Lam. III. t. CXLVII. f. 2. Roenu h' Schul t. Gen. 98 1. Nat. Ord. Saxiiragem Juss. fMich.J
I. virginica L. fV il I d. Spec. 1. p. 1 1 46. D uham, j^r6. I. p. 219. t. 12G. M ic h. Fl. \. ^. \51, PurshFl. l.p.171. FAliott Sk.\.^.2d3, Walt, Car. ^.IQ^. Roem. ^' Schult. V. p. 408.
A shrub 4 — 8 feet high. Leaves alternate, about 2 inches \ov\^, petiolate, lanceolate, acumiriate, serrulate, pubescent beneath. Flowers in terminal simple racemes Calyx persistent ; teeth erect, subulate. Petaln white, pubescent within, inserted into the summit of the calyx between the teeth. Stamens shorter than the petals, with ihejilamtnls inserted between them ; an- thers obloni^, opening internally the whole length. Siyle as long as the stainens ; stigma somewhat 2-lobed. Cafisulc ovate, acuminate with the remains of the style. Seeds small, subrotund, smooth.
Ham. On the margin of swamps in the pine barrens of New- Jersey ; particularly abundant at Quaker Bridge. In Dela- ware. Muhlenberg. Juue.
172. IMPATIENS. L.
Calyx 2-leaved, deciduous. Corolla in*egular. Nee-
tanj cucLillate, calcarate. Anthers o-ohcviw^ at the apex.
Capsule 5-valved, bursting elasticallv. Gen. pi 1365,
NutU Gen. L p. 145, Latn. ///. t. DCCXXV,
Roem. y Schult. Gen. 972. Balsamina Juss,
p. 270. Nat. Ord. Papaverace^ Juss. (olini
Gerania.) Balsam.
1.1. pallida N utt. : peduncles solitary, 3— 4-flowered;
nectary obtusely conicj dilated, shorter than the petals ; spur
recurved, very short; flowers sparingly punctate; leaves
rhombic-ovate, mucronately toothed. M utt. Gen. I. p. 146,
1. nolilangere Pursh Fl, 1. p. 171. JW i c h. Fl. 11. p. 149»
(«.) Elliott Sk, I. p. 303. 1. aurea Muhl. Cat. p. 26 ?
Root annual. Stem about 2 feet high, tender and succulent, at first diaphanous, much branched ; joints tumid. Leaves uni- formly green, alternate, on petioles one third their length, coarsely serrate. Pedunclts axillary, longer than the leaves, 3_5-flo\vered, fililorm ; pedicels bracteate about the middle- Calyx small, with 2 dilated roundish leaves. Petals 4, includ- ing liie nectary ; the 2 lateral petals unequally bilobed; larger lobe dilated, retuae, sparingly spotted with brownish red to- wards the base. jYectary broader than long, spotted ; spur of the galea shorter than the calyx. Seeds elliptic, compressed,
11. vB. In wet shady places. August.
ikpATiENS. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 249
2. L fulva Nutt.: peduncles solitary, 3 — 4-flowered ; nectary acutely conic, longer than the petals 5 spur resupinate, emarginate, nearly as long as the galea ; flowers with crowded spots; leaves rhombic-ovate, obtuse, nnucronately tooth- ed. ^futt.Gcn.l.^.XAQ, \. bijlora W alt. Car. ^,2\d, W i 1 1 (L Spec. 1175. Elliott Sk. I. p. 304. R 0 e nu <J- Schult.Y.p. 349. I. nolitangere /3. M i c h. Fl. 11. p. 149, I. maculata M uhL Cat. p. 26.
Plant glaucous and diaphanous. Cafisule 5-angled, 3 — 5-seeded. Seeds prismatic, with 4 angles. Cotyledons flat, carneous, cu- preous green. Perisfierm none. JStu 1 1 a II.
Hab. In wet shady places. August.
I have followed Mr. .A'^uttaU in considering these two species of Impatiens as distinct, but, must acknowledge that they frequently appear to border on each other. They arc both nearly aUied to I. nolitangere of Europe,
173. VIOLA. L.
Calyx deeply 5-cIeft, produced at the base. Corolla S-petalled, irregular; upper petal corniculate at the base. Anthers connivent, cohering. Capsule l-celled» 3-valved. Ge?u pi 1364. Nu 1 1. Gen. L p. 147. Jiiss. p. 294. Lam. III. DCCXXV. Ro e in. ^ Schult.Gen.9l3. Nat. Ord. Cisti /z^j^. Vio- LACEJE. Fent. Violets
* Stemless. t Flowers blue.
1. V. pedata L. : leaves pedate, nearly smooth, ahout '7-parted ; segments linear-lanceolate, entire ; stigma large, obliquely truncate, and perforate at the apex. fVi lid. Spec, I. p. 1160. S c hw eini t z Monog. Viol, in SilL Jour. V. p. 50. Bot. Mag. t. 89. Bat. Hep. t. 153. M i c h. FL IL p. 151. Pwr.' A F/. I. p. 171. Big. Bost. ip, 60. E l- liott Sk. I. p. 300. N utt. Gen. 1. p. 147. fV a 1 1. Car, p» 219. Ro tm. &i S chult. Y. p. 351. V. digitata P ur s h I.e.
/?oo^ thick, descending. Leaves exactly pedate ; segments ob- tuse, sometimes 2 — o-toothed at t!ie apex. Stipules radical, subulate, conspicu^-usly ciliate. Scape generally longer ihan the leaves, angular, smootli ; bracts opposite, nearly radical, linear, very narrow. Flower very large, pale blue. Seg- luei its of the ca/yx- lanceolate, acute. Prtuls beardless, rounded at the extremity, emire. Filaments very jhort ; anthers united at the top by a membrane. Style ?,\\ovi; «if§-7«a compressed, angular, projecting beyond the stamens. Capsule oblong, suh- 32
250 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNlA. VioLi.
triangular, smooth. Seeds small, globular, attached to th® valves along the middle. Uab. On rocky hills and in dry woods. May.
2. V. palmata L. : pubescent ; leaves cordate, (rarely entire) palmate or hastate- lobed ; lobes crenate and toothed, the middle one much the largest ; 2 lateral petals bearded ; stigma margined, depressed. IV ill d. Spec. 1. p. 1159. Schw. Viol. I.e. p. 51. Pursh Fl.l. p. 172. Muhl. Cat. p. 25. Elliott Sk. I. p. 300. NxLtt. Gen. 1. p. 147. Roem. <^ Schult. V. p. 350.
Root thick, fleshy. Primary leaves somewhat reniform-cordate, often undivided, more or less pubescent, never smooth, some- times almost woolly ; secondary ones more or less divided in a palmate manner ; the exterior lobes 2 — 3-cleft ; petioles slightly margined, smooth or hairy. Stipules lanceolate, sub- citiate. Scape about as long as the leaves, with 2 minute bracts about the mMdle. Floiver middle-sized, blue ; lateral petals obuvate, conspicuously bearded towards the base ; the others smooth; inferior petal carinate, vtined with purple. Segments of the calyx lanceolate, acute, smooth, slightly ciliate on the margin. Stipiia recurved, rostrate.
Hab. In swamps and low grounds; common. May.
A very variable species. The leaves are frequently co- loured with purple beneath*
3. V. sagittala A i t. : leaves oblong, acute, cordate-sa- gittate, serrate, incised at the base ; flowers inverted ; infe- rior petal smooth, the rest bearded. Ji t. Ktw. ill, p. 287. S c h w. Viol. 1. c. p. 56. Willd. Spec. I , p. 1 1 60. Pursh F/.I.p.l72. Big. Bast. p. GO. E 1 1 1 o t t Sk. ]. p. 299. JVtf n. Gm. 1. p. 147. Roem. ir Schult. Y.-p. 3b2. V. dmtnta Pursh I.e.
Root short, thick. Leaves somewhat pubescent on the upper surface, crenate-dentate, incised, and often hastate at the base ; petioles ab<.ut as long as the leaves. Stipules linear, smo^'th. Scape generally longer than the leaves ; bracts subulate, op- posite or alternate. Flower middle-sized, purplish-blue ; pe- tals oblmg-obuvate, all of them, except the inferior one, bearded with wliite ; spur short, very obtuse. Sligtna rostrate, depressed, margined.
Hab. On hills and in fields. April — May.
p. emarginata J^ u t i. : leaves almost triangular, lace- rately toothed near the base j petals emarginate or bidentate. Schw. Viol. 1. c.
Leaves decurrent in a narrow margin on the petiole, always smooth beneath, often pubescent above. Scape longer than the leaf. Petals obovate ; the lowest cucuUate ; the 3 lower.
^70LA. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 251
and sometimes the 2 upper, pubescent. Segments of the calyx (glabrous, lanceolate, acute. Stigma rostrate, depressed horizontally, distinctly margined around. .Vw tt. Hab. In sandy fields of New-Jersey ; also on the banks of the Schuylkill. jYuttaU.
4. V. ovata A' ut t. : leaves ovate, subcordate, crenate, often laceratelj toothed at the base, pubescent on both sides ; petiole martfined ; segments of the calyx oblong-lanceolate, hairy. X u 1 1, Gen. I. p. 148. Sc h w. Viol. 1. c. p. 58. Hoem. &L S c hult.Y.p. 359. V. primulifolia P u r s h FL nee Will d, V. ciliaia M u h l. Cat. p. 25. fide .yc A to, V. • • Smit h in R e e s"* Cyclop,
Leaves generally very pubescent, rarely smooth, ciliate, rather acute, ab -uptly decurrent on the petiole, which is generdlly shorter iiK\n the leaves. Stifiules ovate-lanceolate, ciliate. Scafie longer or shorter than the leaves, hairy ; bracts linear, opposite. Flower nodding, middle-sized, bright blue ; fietals obavaie, lateral ones bearded with white, inferior one nearly naked. Stigma recurved, somewhat rostrate.
Hab. On dry hills ; common. April — May.
5. V. cucullata Ait,: very smooth ; leaves cordate, cu- cullate at the base, serrate ; stipules linear ; inferior and la- teral petals bearded. A it. Kew. III. p. 288. Schw. Viol. 1. c. p. 60. Wi lid. Spec, I. p, U6\. Bot. Mag. t. ITJB. Pursh Fl.l.p,\72. Big. Bost.p.QO. Elliott Sk.l. p. 298. A^w/f. Gen. I. p. 148. R a e m. <^SchulLV, p. 35o. V. papilionacea P ur s h FU I. p. 173 .'*
Leaves somewhat reniform-cordate, sometimes acute, dentate- serrate, generally longer than the petioles. Scafie terete; bracts subopposite, subulate. Flowers bright blue or violet, oblique ; superior fietals smooth, the rest bearded ; beard ri- gid, cylindrical. iSfiur short, rounded.
Hab. In wet meadows. April — May.
This is the most constantly glabrous species of any with ^vhich I am acquainted. It strongly resembles the following.
6. V, ohliqua A it. : smooth ; leaves cordate, acute, flat, crenate-serrate ; flowers obliquely bent : lateral petals beard- ed ; inferior one acute, carinate ; stipules lanceolate. Ait. A'ea;. ill. p. 288. S c h w. Viol. \. c. ]). 60. fV i Ud. Spec. ]. p. IIGI. Pursh FL I. p. 172. Mnhl. Cat. p. 25. Roem. ^- Schult.Y. p. 355.
Leaves slightly cuculiate at the base; petioles long, smooth. Stifiules acuminate, ciliate. Scafie quadrangular, longer than the leaves ; bracts minute, situated a little below the flower. Flower bright blue ; fietals narro\yer than in the preceding
252 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. viola,
species ; filaments of the beard very short, globose-clavate. SegiTjents of the calyx oblong, acute, smooth. Hab. In wet meadows. May.
This species and the preceding very much resemble each other, and are perhaps not distinct.
7. V» villosa Walt.: le^aves reniform-cordate, flat, very pubescent ; segments of the calyx auriculate at the base ; stigma deflexed ; margin cupuliform, Walt. Car, p. 219. Schw. Viol. I c. p. 6\. E Uiot t Sk. l.ip. ^dl, Jiutt, Gen. I. p. 148. V. barbataMuhl. Cat, p. 25. (fide Schw.)
Leaves appressed to the eartli, crenate, nearly smooth, and pur» plish beneath ; sinus small, but open. 5/i/iw/e« minute. Scafie longer than the leaves, angular, smooth ; bracts minute, oppo» site. Floivers blue ; fietals oblong ; the inferior and lateral ones beard: d.
Hab. On the sides of rocky hills. May.
/S. corda'a JSfutt.: leaves cordate, rather acute; seg- ments of th<^ calyx scarcely produced at the base. J^ u 1 1, 1. c. V. cordata S v. hw. Viol. \. c. p. 62. V. sororia W ill d. Hart. Eeroi. 1. t. 72. Pursh Fl. I. p. 173.
Leaves appressed tn the earth, thickish, pubescent above, smooth beneath ; binus small, nearly closed. Sti/iules small, subu- late, ^'cafie longer than the leaves; brads very minute. Flowers h\\ie ; /letals obovate ; the 3 inferior ones bearded. Segments of the calyx linear-oblong. Scigma rostrate, de- pressed.
Hab. On hill aides and in dry woods ; common. April — May,
t t i'^loivers yellow.
8. V. rolundifolia Mich. : leaves orbicular-ovate, cor- date, slightly crenate, nearly smooth ; sinus closed ; petiole pubescent; (flowers yellow); lateral petals bearded; seg- ments of the calyx obtuse ; spur nearly obsolete, Mich,, FLU.p.lbO. Elliot t Sk.].2'JS, J^utt. Gen. \.]^. 149. Eoem.^Schult,Y,p.3bn.
Leaves appressed to the earth, at first broad-ovate, but at length nearly orbicular, slightly pubescent on the veins beneath ; pe- tioles generally much shorter than the leaves, frequently villous. Stipules lanceolate. Scafie about as long as the leaves, smooth, with 2 subulate bracts about the middle. Flower middle- sized; fietals broad-ovate, very obtuse or slightly emarginate ; the 2 lateral ones bearded, marked with 3 brown strige ; lowest petal short, with many striae, naked; sfiur exceedingly short. Segments of the calyx linear-oblong, obtuse. Stigma recurved at the apex.
Hab. In shady rocky woods, generally under the shade of ever-
VIOLA. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 253
greens. Common in New-England, and in the interior of the country from Canada to Carolina, but not yet found, to my knowledge, on the Hudson below the Highlands. May.
This species is confounded by Pursh with his V. c/an- destina, from which it is entirely distinct.
■f t t Flowers somewhat regular, small, white.
9. V. lanctolata L. : leaves very smooth, lanceolate, at- tenuated into a petiole at the base, rather obtuse, subserrate ; petals beardless. W il Id, Spec. excl. syn. G m e l. S c hw. Ffo/. I. c. p. 64. Mich. Fl. II. }^. 150. Pursh Fl.l.^, \1'2. Big. Bost. p. 59, £ / / i o U SA:. I. p. 29G ? J^utt, Gen, I. p. 150. R o em. ^ S chult. V. p. 354.
.Leaves generally narrow-lanceolate, with rather remote obscure teeth, reraarkably attenuate at the base. Scifiules linear-lanceo- late, entire. Sca/ie about as long as the leaves, very smooth ; bracts minute. Flowers small, white, somewhat regular, nodding, inodorous ; /letals obovate, rounded ; the lower one veined with purple. Sftur very short. Segments of the calyx lanceolate, acute. Stigma recurved, rostrate.
Hab. In wet meadows and in swamps. April — May. It some- times flowers a second time in November.
The V. lanceolata described by G me lin in his Flora Si- birica, is now considered as a distinct species.
10. V. acuta B i g.: leaves ovate-lanceolate, smooth> abruptly decurrent at the base ; bracts lanceolate-linear ; pe- tals acute, of nearly equal length, beardless. B ig. Fl. Bost, ed. 2.JWS.
Root short, rather thick, fibrous. Leaves smooth, obscurely ere- nate, rarely subcordate, rather obtuse ; petiole winged, ofien pubescent. Stifiules large, ciliate. -Sea/; e smooth, angular ; bracts subopposite, very near the flower. Flower white, rathet larger than in the preceding species ; petals ovate, only tiie lowest one veined; sfiur very short. Segments of the calyx lanceolate, acute, smooth, distinctly produced at the base. Stigma depressed, acutely margined, with the apex a little in- curved.
Hab. In moist grounds near Cambridge, Massachusetts. Bige lo w.
For excellent specimens of this new Viola I am indebted to its discoverer, Prof. Big e I o iv, who informs me that its characters are very constant.
11. V. priinuUfoUct L, : leaves oblong, subcordate, abruptly decurrent on the petiole ; nerves beneatii, and the. scape, subpubescent ; lateral petals bearded. IV Hid. Spec, I. p. 1 1 62. Sc k T«. Viol. 1. c. p. 64. E 1 1 i o 1 1 S/c. ], i>.
254 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. violjl,
297. excl. syn. Ph. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 149. Gron. Virg. 135. Roem. <^ Schult.Y. p. 35d.
Leaves mostly oblong, but often ovate or cordate, more or less obtuse, obscurely crenate ; petioles winged by the decurrent base of the leaves ; nerves disposed in a pinnate manner. Sd^ pules linear, subciliate. Scafie as long as the leaves, with 2 linear bracts about the middle. Flower small, white, odor- ous ; fietals unequal, obovate, obtuse ; the 2 lateral ones a little bearded and striate. Segments of the calyx linear, obtuse. Stii^ma rostrate, capitate.
Hab. In wet meadows. April — May.
12. V.blanda Willd.: leaves broad-cordate, slightly pu- bescent above ; sinus rounded ; petiole smooth ; flowers beardless. Wi Ud. Hort. Berol. t. 24. Sch w. Viol. I. c. p. 65. Pursh Fl.Lp.lT2. B ig. Bost. p. 59. Ellio 1 1 SA;. 1. p. 298. .YmH. Gfn, I. p. 149. Ro em. ^ S chidt, V. p. 358.
Leaves nearly flat, membranaceous, nearly quite smooth, often reniform-cordaie, sometimes rather acute, remotely crenate- toothed ; petiole slightly margined, longer than the leaves. Stifiules subulate, small. Scafie slender, smooth, oblique or df^cumbent ; bracts near the middle, lanceolate, opposite. Fljwcr smdl, white, odorous; the inferior and 2 lateral pcidls ' ci.icd W'lh purple. Segments of the calyx oblong- linear, obtuse. Stigma capitate, depressed, acutely margined, recurved.
Hab. In swamps, wet meadows, and on grassy brook-sidefc, April—May.
13. V. clandestina Ph. : leaves suborbicular, rather ob- tuse, smoothish, crenate-serrate, with glandular serraturesj sinus closed, cordate ; stolons floriferous ; petals linear, scarce^ }y longer than the calyx. P u r s h Fl. I. p. 173. -b' c h w. Viol. 1. c. p. 65. Rocm. ^ Schult. V. p. 358.
Cespitose. Leaves large, thin, sprinkled with hair on the upper surface. Stijiules ovate, short. Scafie v-ery short, a little haiiy, with subulate bracts near the summit. Flower ge- nerally concealed in the earth, or among decaying leaves and wood, of a choculate-hrown colour. Stigma straight, capitate. Sc hw.
Hab. On the high mountains of Pennsylvania, in shady beech woods. June — September. Pursh.
I strongly suspect this plant is only a variety of V. blanday though tliis opinion is opposed to that of so accurate a Bo- tanist as Mr. S c hw einit z. There is no c'naracter in the above description, which does not apply to V. blanda when it begins to produce apetalous flowers, except the colour of the petals. Did not Pursh intend by the " flowers," the fruity
yiotA, PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 25i.
tvhich is very conspicuous, and of the brown colour be men- tions ? The floriferous stolons are not unfrequent in this tribe of the VioiiE, and the short linear petals I have ob- served in several species. Indeed, in all the apetalous flowers of this genus, the rudiments of petals can generally be de- tected ; and the anthers are also present, but they are small and not united.
* * Caulescent.
14. V. canadensis L. : nearly smooth; leaves cordate, acuminate, serrate ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; pe- tals oblong, narrow ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, entire. A i t, Kew. Ill, p. 280. Schw, Viol. K c. p. 68. W il I d. Spec I. p. 1166. JM ich. FLU, \). \50. P ur s h Fl. ]. p. ITA, Elliott Sk,Li>. 30], .YmU, Gen. I. p. 150. Roem. ir Schult. V. p. 375.
S(em from a span to a foot and a half in height, erect, simple, terete. Leaves large, alternate, slightly pubescent on both sides, pale beneath ; the radical ones on very long petioles. Sci/iiiles in pairs, axillary, membranaceous. Peduncles axil- lary, generally shorter than the leaves, with 2 subulate bracts below the middle. Flower rather large, blue externally, pale within. Petals oblong or ovate, the lateral ones a little beard- ed ; sfiur very short. Segments of the calyx linear-lanceo- late, smooth, slightly produced at the base. Style short, com- pressed ; stigma pubescent, capitate, not rostrate. Cajisule globose-ovate, pubescent.
Hab. In moist rocky woods; generally on mountains. Canada to Carolina. May — July.
15. V. ochrolcuca S c h zo, : stem somewhat erect, branch- ed, smooth ; leaves round-cordate ; upper ones a little acu- minate; stipules oblong-lanceolate, dentate-ciliate; stigma tubular, recurved, pubescent at the summit. Schw. VioL \. c. p. 69. V. striata A it, Kexo. III. p. 290? Pursh Fl. I. p. 174? Muhl, Cat. p. 25. Null. Gen. I. p. 150. Roem,^ Schult,\,p. 376.
Stem a little angular, 6 — 8 inches'Iong. Leaves small, crenate- serrate, slightly pubescent above, and on the veins beneath. Stifiules remotely ciliate. Peduncles longer than the leaves, with 2 large linear 6rac/s above the middle. Flowers yellowish wliite, large, on peduncles longer than the leaves ; bracts long, linear. Petals obtuse ; the lateral ones, and often the lowest one, conspicuously bearded ; sfiur produced, obtuse. Seg- ments of the calyx linear, elongated, a little ciliate on the margin.
Hab. In swamps and wet meadows. May.
Muhlenberg^ in his Catalogue, refers to this species,
^5G PENTANDUIA. MONOGYNlA. viotA,
(which he caWsV. striata, J the V. debilis o{ Mic h au st^ which is described as havin.a: white flowers. It is difficult to determine the species called striata by A i t o n, and I have therefore adopted the name given by Sc hiveinitz to the plant described above.
16, V. Muhlnthere^'ii* : stem Weak, assurgent ; leaves renifornrj-cordate, the upper ones a little acunninate, crenate= serrate, snnooth ; stipules lanceolate, serrate-ciliate ; nectary produced ; stigma tubular, rostrate. V. asarifolia and nli- ginosa M u h I. Cat. p. 25. V. ulginofia S chw. Viol. 1. c. p, 72. V. dehilis Pursh Fl. I. p. 174. excl. syn. Kult. Gen. I. p. 150.
Stem 6 — 10 inches lonj^, branched from the base, very smooth;j when old decunbent and geniculate. Lower leaves exactly reniforni-cordate ; the upper ones with a short abrupt point, sometimes a little pubescent on the veins beneath ; fietioles va- riable in length, geiierally about as long as the leaves. Sii' pules acuminate ; the lower ones lacerately ciliate. Peduncles longer than the leaves, with 2 alternate subulate bracts above the middle, i^/ow^rs middle-sized, blue. Pe?a/s obovate, ob- tuse ; the lateral ones bearded ; sfiur nearly one-third the length of the corolla, sometimes shorter. Segments of the calyx linear, narrow, slightly ciliate. Stigma recurved at the tip.
Hab. In sphagncus swamps, and on the banks of creeks, in shady places. Abundant in the Cedar Swamp near New- Durham, New-Jersey, &c. May.
It is with reluctance that I change the name of this species, which has already received so many appellations. V. uliginosa of Schroder, and R o e ?n. fif Sc hult. V. p. 357, is a dis- tinct plant from the one so named by Muhlenberg and Schweinitz; and the V. asarifolia oi P u r s h is a stem- less species. V. debilis of Schweinitz, 1 cannot distin- guish from the plant described above, the character of the elongated spur being not very constant. V. debilis of Mi- ch a u jc appears to be a distinct species, perhaps V. ochro- leuca.
\1.\ . rosirata J\J u h I. : smooth; stem diffuse, erect; leaves cordate, the upper ones acute, serrate ; stipules lanceo- late, serrate-ciliate; petals beardless; nectary longer than the corolla. P vr s h FL 1. ^. 174. Schw. Viol. 1. c. p. 72. Muhl.Cat.Y>.'25. J\' u 1 1. Gen. ]. i>. 150. Roem. 4- Schul t. v. p. 373.
Stein about 6 inches high, smooth, angular. Leaves cordate, flat, with the sinus open; lower ones on long petioles, generally ob- tuse. Peduncles filiform, longer than the leaves ; bracts su- bulate. Flowers large, pale blue. Petals obovate, all of them beardless ; spur very long, a little curved, acute. Segments
VIOLA, PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 257
of the calyx acuminate, smooth. Stigma erect, subclavate, not rostrate. Hab. In wet rocky situations. April — May. This species is common in the interior of the country, but is rarely found near the sea-board. It resembles, in many respects, the preceding,
18» V. puhescens jiit. : villous-pubescent ; stem erect, naked below ; leaves broad-cordate, toothed ; stipules ovate, subdentate, A it, Kew, III. p. 290. Schzv. Viol. 1. c. p. 74. W ill d. Spec. \.x>.\\Zd. Big. Bost.p.eU Rursk Z'/. I. p. 174. ^futt. Gen. L^. 150. R o e m, &l S c h u 1 1. V. p. 377. V. pennsyhanica M ich, FL 11. p. 149,
Stem simple, 6—8 inches high, with 1 or 2 oblong amplexicaul bracts towards the base. Leaves large, 2 — 3 on the upper part of the stem, soft, pubescent on both sides, more or less acuminate ; petioles short. Stipules ovate-oblong, discoloured, a little toothed, particularly towards the summit. Peduncles shorter than the leaves ; dracls subulate, very minute. Flower middle-sized, yellow; lateral petals bearded with white, and, as well as the lower one, handsom^ely striate j spur short, gib- bous, acuminate. Segments of the ca/ya; lanceolate. Stigma globose, pubescent. Capsule smooth.
Hab. In dry stony woods. April — May.
/3. eriocarpa J^utt.: capsule densely villous. Jsfutt, \. c. V. eriocarpa S chw. Viol. L c. p. 75?
Hab. with the preceding.
Mr. S chweinit z thinks it is doubtful whether the north- ern plant, which I consider a variety of V. pubescens, is the same as his V. eriocarpa. The latter differs principally in the following particulars: — Stem decumbent, branched, leafy from the base ; leaves smaller, somewhat scabrous, nearly naked ; stipules green, large, semiamplexicaul, conspicuously ciliate ; spur short, scarcely produced, obtuse.
19, V. hastata M i c lu : smooth; stem simple, leafy above 5 leaves hastate, on very short petioles ; stipules minute, ciliate- denticulate. M ic h. Fl. II. p. 149. Schw. Viol. \. c. ^. 77. Pursh Fl. 1. p. 174. Elliott Sk. I. p. 302. Mutt. Gen. L p. 150. Roe.m. S^ Schult. V. p. 371.
Stem erect, simple, 6—8 inches high. Leaves exactly hastate, acuminate ; lobes obtuse, dentate. Peduncles shorter than the leaves ; bracts very minute, alternate. Flower yellow ; infe- rior petal dilated, sub-3-lobed ; lateral petals slightly bearded ; spur short. Segments of the calyx linear-lanceolate, ciliate. Stigma truncate, hairy on the sides. Cafisule smooth.
Hab. On the Alleghany Mountains, kafinesque. In Penn- sylvania. Mu hi en be rg.
20. V. tenella M uhl: stem triquetrous; leaves rotund-
33
258 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. tiols,
spathulate, smooth, subdentate ; snperiorones lanceolate, en- tire; stipules large, pinnatifid. M u hi. Cat. p. 25. V. feico- lo):P nrsh Fl. I. p. 175. Schw. Viol. 1. c, p. 78. Nut t. Gm. I. p. 151. Roem. ^ Sch lilt. V.ip. 3B3. \. arvensis Elliott Sk. I. p. 302. V. arvensis $. bicolor H off. Fl, <!?em. II. p. 170?
Roo( annual. Stem acutely triquetrous, nearly smooth, erect, 2 — 3 inches high. Radical leaves on distinct petioles, often a little cordate at the base ; cauline leaves lanceolate or oblong. Stifiules very large in proportion to the plant, pectinately pin- natifid ; the terminal segments longer. Peduncles quadrangu- lar, longer than the leaves. Flower small, bluish-white, ''sometimes apetalous) ; lateral fietals bearded ; lowest one di- lated, with 5 blue striae. Segments of the calyx ovate-lanceo- late, ciliate, auriculate at the base. Stigma turbinate, urceo- late, pubescent at the sides. Ca/isule subglobose, smooth. Hab. On dry rocky hills. Bergen, New-Jersey. In Pennsyl- vania. Mu hlenber g. Near Bethlehem, Pennsylvania^ Schwcinitz. May.
This species, though rare, appears to be widely dispersed over this country. It occurs in the Atlantic States from New- York to South-Carolina. I have also received specimens col- lected on the Missouri, near St. Louis. As P ur a h remarks, it is nearly allied to V. tricolor^ but it is nearer, I think, to V. arvensis. There appears to be little doubt of its being native. 21. V. concolor F o s t. : stem straight, erect; leaves cuneate-lanceolate ; stipules subulate, entire; peduncles very short, 2 — 3-flovFerecI ; petals connivent, emarginate ; spur 0. F. Foster, in Lin. Trans. VI. p. 309. t. 28. Schw. Viol. 1. c. p. 79. Pursh Fl. I. p. 175.. £ / liott Sk. 1. p. 303. Nutt. Gc?i. I. p. 151. Roem. ^ Schnlt. V. p. 307, loNiDiuM Sprengelianum R. S^ S. V. p. 401. Solea stricta Spreng. pug. I. p. 22. excl. syn. Vent.'
Root perennial, fibrous. Stem simple, angular, leafy, a foot or more high. Leaves erect, sessile, attenuate at each extremi- ty, irregularly toothed above; nerves prominent. Sti/iutes subciliate. Flwjers small, greenish ; lower fietal 2-lobed. Calyx nearly as long as the petals ; segments not produced at the base, divergent. Stigma rostrate, jjecurved, perforate, longer than the anthers. Cafisule largej^smooth. Hab. On wet shady rocks. In the vicinity of Philadelphia. Barton. April — May.
The habit of this species is quite distinct from that of all the preceding Viol^, and indicates the propriety of removing it to the genus Ionidium oiVentenat. It greatly resembles I. strictum.
174. CLAYTONIA. Gronovius. Ccihjx 2-leavecl, Petals 5, emarginate. Stignui
-GLAYTONU. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNiA. 2i9
3-cleft. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved, 3— 5-seeded. Seeds reniform. Gen. pi 402. Nu 1 1. Gen, I. p. 152. Juss,^.3\A>. Lam. IlLt.CLlY. Roem. W Schult. Gen. 992. Nat. Ord, Portulace^ J II s s,
C. virginica L. : leaves linear-lanceolate ; petals obop vate, retuse ; leaves of the calyx somewhat acute ; root tu- berous. ^ it. Kew. I. p. 284. JVilld. Spec. I. p. 1 185, BoLMag.t.d^]. Mich. FLl.^.lQO. PurshFl.l.^. 175. Elliott SkA.}^,ZO&. Bart. Fl. Jim. Sept. t, 51. Gron. Virg. 25. R o em. ^ S chult.V. '^. 433.
Root large, tuberous, fleshy, Stem erect or procumbent, very smooth, and a little succulent. Leaves on the stem about 2, opposite, thick, at first almost linear, but becoming broader with age, about 4 inches long. Fiovters (6—12) in a loose simple raceme ; fieduncles gradually diminishing in length upwards ; the lowest ones more than an inch long. Leaves of the cal^x- oblong, persistent. Petals twice as long as the calyx, pale rose-colour, with darker veins. Stamens shorter than the petals, and inserted at their claws ; ^laments dilated at the base ; anthers oblong, 2-celled. Style longer than the sta- mens; stigmas linear, spreading. Cafisule ovate-globose: Seeds compressed, black, shining.
Hab. In moist shady woods j common. Aprii-r-May.
0. latifolia* : leaves ovate-lanceolate ; leaves of the calyx obtuse. C. virginica 13. A i t. Kew. 1. c ? C. carolini- nna MicluFL I. p. 160.^
Hab. In moist woods, generally in mountainous situations; common in New-England, and in the northern parts of the Slate of New-York, This variety does not, to my knowledge, grow nearer the i^a-coast than the Highlands of the Hudson, where it was found by my friend. Dr. B arrat t. It differs in no respect from C. virginica^ except in the broader leaves, and in the greater obtuseness of the calyx. It is probably the plant which Mr. J^u 1 1 al I considers as the C. sfiathulafoliay and which, he observes, is abundant round Pittsburgh, where it appears to take the place of C. virginica. In many parts •f New-England, likewise, it supersedes the common variety.
175. CEANQTHUS. L.
Calyx turbinate, 5-cleft. Petals 5, saccate and arched, with long claws. Stigmas 3. Capsule tri- coccous, 3-celledj 3-seeded, 3-parted, opening on the inner side. Gen. pi. 361. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 153.
260 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. ceanothus.
Juss. p. 380. Lam. III. t CXXIX. f. 2. Roem,
8? Schtdt. Gen. 944. Nat. Ord. Rhamni Juss,
Neiv-Jersey tea. Red-root.
1. C. americanns L. : leaves ovate-oblong, serrate, trip- Jj-nerved, tomentose-pubcscent beneath ; panicles axillary, on long peduncles. Willd. S/jec. I. p. 1114, Enum» h» Berol. I. p. 254. Duham. Jrb, I. p. 138. t. 51. Bot. Mag. t. 1 479. M i c h. Ft. I. p. 1 54. Pursh Fl. I. p. 167, Big, BosUp. 57. W a 1 1. Car, p. 101, i? o e w. 4^ Schult. V. p. 295.
Hoot very large, descending, dark red. Stem shrubby, 2—4 feet high ; branches terete ; the younger ones pubescent. Leaves alternate, on short petioles, about 2 inches long, acutely serrate, acuminate, sometimes subcordate at the base j petioles and under surface very pubescent. Panicles on long peduncles, or rather naked branches, oblong; pedicels fascicu- late, about one-third of an inch long. Flowers minute. Seg- jnents of the calyx short, acute. Petals white, deciduous, compressed, curiously vaulted, and enclosing the staniens. Filaments short, incurved; anthers subglobose, didymous, Germen surrounded with a 10-toothed glamlular ring; style persistent. Cafisule (chy berry, Lin.) turbinate, depressed; sometimes 4-celled. Seed one in each cell, oval, corrugated.
Hab. In woods and copses ; cominon. July.
The leaves of this shrub are said to have been used as a substitute for Tea during the American Revolution.
% C. herbaceiis R af. : leaves oval, subserrulate, smooth ; panicles thyrsoid, axillary and terminal. Raf. in Med, Rep^ XI. p. 360. Ejusd. in D esv, Journ. de Bot. I. p. 227. C, permnis Pursh FL I. p. 167. R Qem. ^ S c hu 1 1, V, p. 297.
Leaves nearly as large as in C. americanus, but smooth. The
stems scarcely ever renvain over winter, but die down to the
root. Pursh. Hab. In Pennsylvania, and near the Falls of the Patomac,
R afi ne s q u e.
I have adopted Mr. R afi ne s que^ s name of this plant
on account of its priority.
17G, EU0NYMU5, Z,
Calyx 5-parted, or 5-cleft, its base internally bear- ing a peltate disk. Petals 5, spreading, inserted on the outside margin of the glandular disk. Stamens 5, Capsule 5-angled, 5-celled, 5-valved, coloured; cells 2-lobed, Seeds m\\2i\.(^. Gen. pi. Z7 3, Nutt.
EuoNYMus. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 261
Ge7u I. p. 154. Juss. p. 377. Lam. III. t CXXXI. Roejn. ^ Schult. Gen. 1002. Nat. Ord. Rhamni Juss. Often one-fourth part of the fructification is suppressed. Spindle-tree,
I. E. americanus L. : branches smooth, quadrangular; leaves subsessile, elliptical-lanceolate, smooth, acute, serrate ; peduncles 3-flowered, terete ; flowers 5-cleft ; fruit verru- cose-.muricate. Will d. Spec. \.^. liZ^l, Enum. h. BeroL I. p. 256, Mich. Fl.\.^. 155. P icr s h Fl. I. p. 16B. Elliott Sk,\. p. 292. Walt. Car. p. 102, Gron. Virg.ll. Roem.<^Sckult.Y,p.im.
A shrub 3 — 4 feet high, erect, with opposite, spreading, quadran- gular branches. Leaves about 2 inches long, opposite, on very short petioles. Peduncles axillary, trichotomous. Calyx small, 5-parted; segments acute. Corolla flat, greenish-yel- low, tinged with purple ; fietals obovate-obiuse. Filaments very short, inserted opposite the segments of the calyx ; an- thers didymous. Style short; «/i^ma obtuse. Ca/isule sue- culent, 5-angled, crimson. Seeds covered with a scarlet pulpy arillus.
Hab. In shady woods ; rare. New- York to Carolina. June. Burning-bush. Strawberry-tree,
0. sarmentosus N utt. : stem sarmentose. K utt. 1. c.
Subsempervirent. Stem often radicant, about 2 feet high, acutely quadrangular. Leaves subsessile, opake, somewhat shining, ovate-lanceolate, acute, obtusely serrate ; serratures for the most part undulate. Peduncles about 3-flovvered. Flowers 5 -pct&Wed. Fruit scahvons, bright scarlet. M'utt.
Hab. In shady moist forests, among rocks. Near Philadelphia.
Barton, July,
% K. atropurpureiis J acq.: leaves petiolate, oblong- lanceolate, acuminate, serrate ; peduncles divaricate, many- flowered; flowers 4-cleft; fruit smooth. Willd. Spec. I. p. 1132. Enum. h. Bcrol. I. p. 256. J acq. Horl. Find, H. p. 155. t. 120. Pursh Fl. ].p. \68. Elliott Sk.]. p. 293, Roem. i^ Sc hull. Y. p. i66.
Stem 4 — 5 feet high, with smooth opposite quadrangular branches. Leaves 3 — 4 inches long, acutely serrate, smooth above, pu- bescent beneath ; petioles half an inch long. Peduncles op- posite, axillary, trichotomous, each division bearing from 3 to 6 flowers. Calyx with short acute segments. Petals dark purple, roundish. Stigma quadrangular, truncate. Fruit bright red.
TIab. In shady woods ; New-Jersey and Pennsylvania. June.
3, E. ohovatus Nutt.
262 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. euonywvs.
erect, obtusely quadrangular, with 4 elevated lines ; leaves broad-obovate, obtuse, acute at the base, subsessile, acutely serrulate ; peduncles 3-flowered ; stamens 4 — 5. JV m H. Gen, I. p. 155.
£(em nearly simple, or with a few short and opposite branches, which appear truncate at their extremities by the inflation of the bark. Leaves nearly opake, cuneate-obovate, often dilated, so as to appear nearly as broad as long ; margin finely and acutely serrulate j serratures and nerves on the upper sidfe mi- nutely hispid (seen through a lens) ; marginal nerves of the petiole decurrent on the stem, forming the sole ligatures of at- tachment between the inflated bark and the wood. Calyx io' ilated, nearly entire and crenate, membranaceous. Petals 4 and 5, roundish, green with a tinge of purple. Anthers ses= siie. Fruit not seen. .Vm 1 1.
JIab. In shady fir swamps, between Waterford and Franklin^ Pennsylvania. June. Nut tall.
Nearly allied to E. americanus, but distinct.
177. CELASTRUS. L,
Calyx 5-lobed, flat. Corolla 5-petalled. Stamens seated around a 5 -toothed glandulous disk. Style^ or theca, obtusely triangular, 3-celled, 3-valved; valves septiferous in the centre; cells 1— =2- seeded. Seeds covered with a 4-cleft coloured arillus. Gen. pi. 472o Nutt. Gen. I. p. 15^. Juss.^ 378. Lam. Ill t. CXXX. Roem. Ss? Schult. Gen. 936. Nat. Ord. Rhamni Juss. Shrubs ; leaves alternate, mi- nutely stipulate ; flowers sometimes dioecious. Staff- tree.
C. scandens L. : stem climbing, unarmed ; leaves ob- long, acuminate, serrate ; racemes terminal ; flowers dioeci- ous. IV Hid. Spec. l.p. 1125. Duham. Arb. I. p. 223. t. 94. jV/icA. F/. I. p. 154. PurshFl.hX^l, Big. ^osf. p. 57. Roem. ^ Schult.Y.ip. Aia.
Stem climbing to a great height. Leaves broad-oval or oblong, smooth, 2—3 inches long, abruptly acuminate, with subglan- dular serratures, a little decurrent on the petiole at the base ; petiole nearly an inch long. Stifiules very minute, setaceously 3 — 5 cleft. Racemes terminal, few-flowered ; pedicels articu- lated. Calyx subcampanulate. Petals greenish^yellow, ovate, obtuse. Stamens alternating with the petals ; anthers oblong. Style short, thick, perforate, persistent ; stigmas 3, reniforna. Capsule, nearly round, 3--5-valved j valves with an elevated
GEi-A8TRiJs. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 2€3
ridge on the inside, 2-seeded. jirillus pulpy, open at the top, scarlet when mature. . Hab. In woods and thickets. June. Eitter-siveet. Wax-work,
178. RHAMNUS. L.
Calyx urceolate, 4 — 5 cleft. Petals 4 — 5, opposite the stamens, (sometimes abortive.) Stamens 4—5. Stigma 2— 4-cleft. Berry 3— 4-seeded. Gen. pi. 358o Nutt. Gen. I. p. 152. /z/^j. p. 980. Lanu III t-CXXVIli. Roem.^ Schult. Gen.94.:^. Nat. Ofd. Rhamni /w5j. Buck-thorm
1 . R. alnifolius VH erit. : unarmed ; leares oval, acu- minate, serrulate, pubescent on the nerves beneath ; flowers dioecious; peduncles 1 -flowered, aggregate; calyx acute; fruit turbinate. PH e r i t, Sert. Ang. p. 5. Willd. Spec. I. p. 1100. Roem. ^ Schult. V. p. 286. excl. syn. Pursh. R. franguloides M i c h, Fh I. p. 1 53. Pursh /'/.I. p. 166, R.<^S.Lc.
A small shrub, with smooth grayish-brown branches. Leaves alternate, about an inch and a half long, on short peiioles, nerved and reticulate. Flowers small, greenish, in short axil- lary fascicles. Berries black.
Hab. On rocky hills ; rare ; near the sea-coast. May.
2. R. catharticns L. : spines terminal ; flowers generally 4-Cleft, polygamo-dioecious ; leaves ovate ; stem erect ; ber- ries 4-seeded. Will d. Spec. I. p. 1 09.1. Smtth Fl. Brit. I. p. 263. Ejig. BoU t. 1 629. Roem, ^ Schult. Y.^, 276.
A small tree or large shrub, with spreading branches and gray-- ish bark. Leaves fasciculate and opposite, on petioles one- third their length, nervose, an inch and a half long ; margin erosely denticulate. Flowers clustered, on short axillary pe- dicels. Segments of the calyx lanceolate, recurved. Petals Tery small, yellowish-green. Stamens 4, a little longer than the flowers ; anthers didymous, oblong. Stigma 4-cleft. Berries black, nauseous and cathartic.
Hab. On mountains and in woods. Abundant in Williamstown, and other pans of New-England, apparently indigenous. Dewey. In the most retired parts of the Highlands of New- York. Barratt. Buck-thorn, I suspect this plant has been introduced into this country at an early period, and that it is not really indigenous. Dr. Bar- ratt informs me, that the old inhabitants of the Highlands re- member to have seen it in gardens before it appeared in the woods.
161 PfiNTANDRlA. MONOGYNIA, yItis,
179* VITIS. L,
Calyx minute, 5-toothed. Petals 5, cohering at their apex, decidiious. Stigma sessile, obtuse, capi- tate:. Berrij 1-celhd, 5 seeded. Seeds subcordate. Gen. pL 396. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 142. Juss. p. 267. L a m. til. t. CXL V. Roeai. ^ SchulL G<?We 945. Nat. Ord. Vites/m*5. The North- American species are polygamous and dioecious.
Vine^
1. V. Labfusca L. : leaves broad-cordate, angularly sub- 3»lobed, cinereous-lomentose beneath ; racemes snnall ; ber- ries large. Willi. Spec, 1181. M ic h. FI.U.p. 130. Pursh Fl.]. p. 169, Big. Bosf. p. 58. Roem, t^ Schult. V. p. 316.
Slem climbing the highest trees. Leaves very large, some- times a foot in diameter, denlate^ more or less distinctly 3-lobed, at first ferruginovis-tomentose, but much paler when mature. 7>nc?n7* long, die hotomous. i^/owers in dense oblong panicles. Calyx very minute. Petals greenish, cohering at the tip in the manner of a calyptra, deciduous at the base, and then supported by the stamens. Stamens inserted opposite the petals; ^laments slender ; anthers oblong. Berries large, very dark purple, glaucous, collected into a dense oblong clustery peduncle long, fragile.
Hab. In woods and hedges ; very common. June — July. Fox"
gra/iCo This grape, though of a strong disagreeable fiavour in its wild state, becomes, when cultivated, as pleasant as many of the varieties of V. vinifera. What is called B la nd' s grape, is a variety of this species ; as is also the valuable Isabella grape, introduced by IVm. Prince, Esq. of Flushing. The iatter is by far the most prolific vine with which I am ac- quainted.
2, V. vulpina L. t leaves cordate, acuminate, inciselj toolhed, smooth on both sides ; racemes loose, many-flower- ed ; berries small. Sp. pi. 293. Willtl Spec. I. p. 1181. Roem. ^ Schult, V. p. 317. V. cordifolia M ic h. Fl. II.p.331. P?frs/i F/. I. p. 169. i?. & S. V. p. 319.
Ste7n climbing trees, and spreading along hedges. Leaves 3 — 4 inches in diameter, abruptly acuminate-; teeth large, acute, ir- regular ; veins a little pubescent beneath. Panicles opposite the leaves, large. Flowers very sweet scented, greenish-white. Berries small, amber-coloured, acid ; ripening late.
viTis. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 2G5
Hab. In woods and on river banks; common. June. Berries ripen in November. IVinter-grafie.
Pur sh has placed the V. -uulfiina as a synonym of asti- valis, which has the leaves tomentose beneath, while, in the former, they are described hy Linn a us as being smooth on both sides.
3. V. aestivalis Mich. : leaves broad cordate, 3— 5-lob- ed, ferruginous-tomentose beneath ; sinuses rounded ; ra- cemes oblong; berries small. J)i zci^. F/. II. p. 230. Pursk Fl.\. p. 169. Roem. <^ Scliult. V. p. 317. \ , inter- media Muhl, Cat. p. 26.
Stem very long, slender. Leaves, when young, covered beneath with a reddish tomentum ; when old nearly smooth, except on the larger veins, coarsely toothed ; sinuses very obtuse. Ra- cemes opposite the leaves, rather crowded. Berries small, globose, deep blue or purple, when fully ripe very pleasant to eat.
Hab. On the banks of rivers in rocky situations. June. Berries ripen in August. Summer-grafie .
^. sinuata Ph. : leaves sinuate-palmate. P ur sh FL I. c.
This variety is not uncommon. Sometimes the leaves are very much divided, in which state it is probably V, laciniosa Z., and V. fiahnata Va hi.
4. V. riparia Mich, : leaves unequally incisely toothed ; shortly S-lobed, pubescent on the margin, nerves, and petiole. Mich. FLU. i>. 160. P ur s h FL I. p. 169. Roem/s,- S c hul t. V, p. 31 9. V. odoratissima D onn Cat.
Floivers of an exquisitely fine smell, somewhat resembling Re- seda odorata. Ph.
Hab. On the gravelly shores of rivers, and on islands. Penn- sylvania to Carolina. Pur s h.
According to Purs h, fertile plants of this species are sel- dom found north of the Potomac river, though barren ones ex- tend far beyond it. I have followed this author in placino- V. odoratissima of Do nn as a synonym. Mu hlenb erg ve- tains it as a distinct species, to which he annexes the name of Bermudian grafie.
180. CISSUS. L.
Calyx minute, 4 — 5-toothed. Petals 4 — 5, uncon- nected above, spreading, deciduous. Germen sur- rounded with a glandulous disk. Berry 2-celled, 2--4-seeded. Gen. pi. 79. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 145.'
34
266 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA, cissus.
Juss, p. 267. Lam. III. t. 84. f. 1. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen. 511. Ampelopsis Mich. Fl. I. p, 139. H.^ S. Gen. 946. Nat. Ord. Vites Juss. Flowers perfect, sometimes tetrandrous.
1. C. hederacea Pers.: stem elimbing and rooting; leaves quinate-digitate, smooth ; leaflets petiolate oblong, acuminate toothed; racemes cymose, dichotomous ; nectary 0. P ers. Syn.I. p. \43. P ur s h Fi. I. ip. \70. Elliott Sk. I. p. 305. JsCutt. Gen. I. p. 144. Vitis hederacea W illd. Spec. L p. 1 1 &2. B i g. Bost. p. 58. V. quinquefolia Lam. III. 2815. Hedera quinquefolia Lin. Hart. Clif. p. 74. W a 1 1, Car, p. \02. Ahpelofsis quinquefolia M i ch. Fl. I. p. 160. Roem. <^ Schult. V. p. 321.
Stem climbing to a great height, supporting itself against walls and trees by its rooting tendrils, brittle at the joints. Leaves on long naked petioles ; leaflets generally in fives, attenuate at the base into short petioles ; the middle one largest ; teeth mucronaie. Panicle or cyme compound ; flowers all pedicel- late. Calyx 4 — 5-toothed, purple. Peiah 5, green, cucul- late, with the margins inflected. Glandular disk wanting. Stamens 5, inserted at the base of the pt-tals; anthers oblongs horizontal. Germen conic ; style 0 ; stigma minute, glandu- lar. Berries about the size of peas, dark blue, 4-seeded, acid and disagreeable to the taste.
Hab. In woods ; common. July.
With J\/'ut tally I doubt whether this species can with propriety be referred to Cissus, nor even to the Ampelopsis of Michaux, if that genus include the A. cordata. It per- haps should be made a distinct genus, to which would belong V. hefitafihylla.
$, hirsuta Ph. : leaves pubescent on both sides ; leaflets ovate, acuminate, coarsely toothed. P ur s h FL. 1. c. Ak- PELOPsis /lirswfa Muhl. Cof. p. 26. Donn Cai. ed, 10. p. 83. Rnem.kSchult.y.i^.mX.
Hab. On the Alleghany Mountains. Pur ah. In New- York. Muh lenb er g.
This variety, Pur sh thinks, may be a distinct species, but not having seen the flowers, he could not establish its charac- ters.
2. C. Ampelopsis P er s, : leaves cordate, acuminate, tootlied and angular; nerves beneath pubescent; racemes twice bifid. Pers. Syn. I. p. 142. Pursh Fl. I. p. t70. Elliott Sk, 1. p. 305. Amfej.opsis cordata Mich. F/. I. p. 159. Roem. ir Schult. V. p. 321.
Siem climbing ; branches slender, smooth. Leaves petiolate,
rssus. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 267
2 — 3 inches long, truncate and cordate at the base, sometimes obscurely 3-lobed towards the extremity ; teeth unequal, mu- cronate. Panicles or racemes dichotomous, few-flowered. Berries larger than in the preceding species, pale red, 2-celled ; one of the cells 2-seeded, the other, by aboi'tion, but 1 seeded. Seeds subosseous, turbinate. Hab. On river sides, and among hedges. In the Alleghany ^Mountains. Pennsylvania to Carolina. Fur^h.
181. RIBES. L,
Calyx superior, campanulate, 5 -cleft. Petals aiid stamens inserted upon the calyx. Style 2-cleft. Berry many-seeded. Gen. pi 390. Nii 1 1. Gen. I. p. 140. Juss. p. 310. Lam. III. t. CXLVI. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen. 1015. Nat. Ord. Grossulari^ Z)e C<i nd. Cacti Juss. Currajit and Gooseberry,
* Stems without thorns. Ribesia.
1. R. fioridum VHerit.: unarmed; leaves punctate both sides, acutely 3-lobed, pubescent ; racemes pendulous ; C3l>x tubular; bracts longer than the pedicels. W il I d. Spec. I. p. 11 5G, Pursh Fl. L p. 164. Roem. (J' Schult, V. p. 499. R. recurvatum M i c h. FL I. p. 1 09. Pursh FL 1. c. R. pennsylvanicum Lam. Enc. 111. p. 47.
A shrub 3 — 4 feet high ; branches smooth, recurved, covered with a grayish bark. Leaves on long petioles, with 3 spread- ing lobes, sprinkled on both sides with yellow resj.nous dots; under surface pubescent, particularly on the veins,; petioles as long as tlie leaves, membranaceous and ciliate towards the base. Rarejnes 3 — 4 inches long, 1 2 — 1 6-flowei ed, retrorsely tomentose-pubescent ; bracts linear. Ca^i/jc coloured, tubu- lar-campanulate, about 4 lines long, half 5-cleft; segments ovate-lanceolate. Petals greenish-white, lanceolate, shorter than the calyx. Filaments inserted opposite the segments of the calyx; anthers oblong. Style engular and sulcate, not exserted ; stigma minutely bifid. Berrien ovate-globose, black.
Hab. In woods and hedges. April— May.
This species strongly resembles R. nigrum,, of which Mr. JSTu 1 1 a II suspects it to be only a permanent variety. In the lat- ter, however, the leaves are only punctate beneath, the bracts are shorter than the pedicels, &c.
2. R. albinervium Mich. : leaves short, acutely lobed, smoothish ; nerves white ; racemes recurved ; berries smooth ; Mich. FH.^. l\0. Pursh FLU [>, IG3. Roem.^r Schult, V. p. 497.
268 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. ribes.
Floiuers small, greenish yellow. Berries red. Ph. Hab. On the Catskill Mountains, New-York. April— May. F urs h.
3. R. trijidum M i c h.: leaves moderately lobed, smooth above, pubescent beneath ; racemes loose, pubescent ; flowers rather flat, with the segments of the calyx subtrifid ; petals spathulate, obtuse; berries hairy. M ic h. Fl. l.ip. 110. Pursh Fi.l.p. 163. R o e m. ir S c hull. V. p. 494.
Branches weak. Leaves with subacute lobes. Flowers smaller than in R. rubrum. Calyx pale green. Petals purple, spathu- late, round obtuse. Berries red. Mi c h.
Hab. On the mountains of Pennsylvania. April — May. Pursh.
A. R. rigens M i c h. : branches straight ; leaves acutely lobed and dentate, reticulate-rugose, pubescent beneath ; ra- cemes rather loose, many-flowered, becoming stiffly erect ; berries hispid. Mich. FL I. p. 110. Pursh Fl. I. p. 163. /?oem. 4' ScAifZ^ V. p. 294.
Branches ash-coloured. Leaves on long petioles, about 5-lobed, slightly ciliate. Racemes 6 — 10-flowered; fiedicels and short subulate brads hispid. Calyx- purple ; segments obovate, ob- tuse. Corolla purple. Style deeply 2-parted. Berries red, glandularly hispid.
Hab. On mountains in Williamstown, Sec, Massachusetts. May. Dewey. On the Pennsylvania Mountains. Pursh.
5. R. prostratum PHerif.: branches reclined-pros- trate ; leaves lobed, smoothish; the younger ones pubescent; branches somewhat erect; calyx rather flat ; petals deltoid ; bracts minute; berries hispid. Pursh FL I. p. 163. PHerit. Stirp. I. p. 3. i. 2, Roem. ir Schult. V. p. 495. R. glandidosum A i L Kew. I. p. 279. Willd. Spec. i. p. 1154.
A shrub 2 — 3 feet high ; branches smooth. Leaves 5-lobed, nearly smooth, with acute toothed lobes ; margin slightly ci- liate. Race?nes evect, loose, 8 — 10-flowered ; /jerf/ce/s glan- dularly hispid ; bracts very short. Calyx flat ; segments broad, rounded. Stigma deeply 2-parted. Berries red, his- pid.
Hab. On the West River Mountain, New-Hampshire, among rocks. May. Hitchcock. Pennsylvania. Pursh.
I am doubtful whether the plant above described is the R. prostratum of I' Her i tier and P Mr*/;. The North-Ame- rican species of this genus are far from being accurately de- termined, and I regret not having the means of making them better known.
PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNTA. 269
* * Stems thorny. Gbossularia.
C^. R. hirtellum Mich,: spines subaxillary ; branches somewhat hispid; leaves small, half 3-cleft; lobes subden- tate; peduncles l-flowered; berries smooth. Mich. Ft. 1. p. 1 1 1 . P M r 5 A H. I. p. 1 65. Roem. ^ Schult. V. p. 501.
Hab. Among rocks on the Alleghany Mountains. Canada to Virginia. May — June. Berries red. Pur s h.
7. R. gracile Mich.: spines subaxillary; leaves on slender petioles, pubescent on both sides ; lobes acute, den- tate, incised; peduncles slender, erect, about 2-flowered ; calyx tubular campanulate ; berries smooth. M i c h. Fl. I. p. 111. PurshFlA.^.lQb. Ro em. <^ Sc hui t. \, p. 561.
Shrub 2 — 3 feet high, erect. S/ii7ies generally solitary, rarely in pairs. Leaves moderately 3-lobed; lobes incisely toothed, softly pubescent, particularly on the under surface, which is of a paler colour. Raceme 2 — 3-flo\vers ; pedicels long, fili- form ; bracts short, ovate, very f)btuse. Calyx with lanceo- late acute ciliate segments- Fetala short, white. Style hairy, included; s^/g-ma* simple? Berries o\ate, often armed with several straight spines, often ripe when of a green colour, but generally turning purplish or brown.
Hab. On mountains and rocky hills. Deerfield, Massachusetts. Coo ley and Hitchcoc k. Williamstown, Massachusetts. D ev) ey. On the Catskill Mountains, New-York. Brace. I have often received from Massachusetts, and other parts of New-England, a Ribes, which appears to be a variety of the preceding. The following are its characters : —
Subaxillary spines solitary. Leaves on slender villous petioles, canescent-villous or pubescent, somewhat 5-lobed, with the lobes rather obtuse and incisely toothed. Racemes loose, 3 — 5 -flowered ; fiedicels long, flexuous ; bracts short, dentate- ciliate. Segments of the calyjc erect, lanceolate, acute. Pe- tals short, ovate. Style hairy at the base, a little exserted, 2 — 3-cleft. Berries ovate, purplish-brown, aculeate-hispid.
This may possibly be R. Cynosdad, but the subaxillary spikes are solitary.
8. R. trijiorum Willd.: spines subaxillary; leaves smooth, 3 — 5-lobed, incisely toothed ; peduncles about 3- flowered ; pedicels elongated ; bracts very short ; petals spa- thulate, undulate ; style hairy, exserted, deeply 2-cleft ; ber- ries smooth. Willd. Hort. Berol.\.^.Q\.i.Q\. Pursh Fl. 1. p. 1 65. Roem. ir S c hul t. V. ^p. 50],
SArub 3—4 feet high, with spreading curved branches ; s/iines
270 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. ribes„
short, sometimes wauting. Leaves about an inch long, with rounded toothed lobes ; fietioles shorter than the leaves. Pe- duncles 2 — 3-flowered, smooth ; bracts ovate, amplexicaul. Calyx tubular-campanulate, green, tinged with purple ; seg- ments erect-spreading, obtuse. Petals white. Stamens ex- serted. Style deeply divided into 2 filiform segments. Ber- ries small, pale red. Hab. On mountains. Common in New-England. In the Highlands of New- York. Barratt.
9. R. oxycanlhoides L.: larger spines subaxillary; smaller ones scattered over the stem ; leaves smooth ; leaves dentate ; peduncles short, about 2-flowered; berries smooth. fVilld, S>ec. I. p. 1159. Lam. Enc. III. p. 351. Pursh Fl.l,^. IG5. /? 0 e m. ($/• S c /i M n. V. p. 506«
About 3 feet high ; branches slender. Leaves 2 inches long, sub-3-Iobed ; lobes incisely serrate, at length smooth ; fietiole sometimes spinulous. Flowers axillary, solitary, or in pairs, nodding, pale yellow ; fiedicels short. Berries globose, smooth, purplish-blue, subacid. Lam.
Hab. On rocks. New- York. Pursh. In Pennsylvania. Muh lenber g,
\Q.R. lacustre Ph.: subaxillary; spines compound; stem on every part hispid-aculeate ; leaves lobed beyond the middle ; petioles villous ; berries racemose, hispid. Pursh Fl. I. p. 165. Po ir. Enc. Meth. il. p. 856. J^utt. Gen. I. p. 140. Roem. <^ Schult.V. p. 506. R. oxycan- lhoides /3. lacustris P ers. Syn. I- p. 252. R. oxycanlhoides Mich. FL I, p. 111.
Stem 3 — 4 feet high, of a reddish colour, thickly set with prickles. Subaxillary spines a little larger than those on the stem, 4 — 5, united at the base. Leaves deeply cut into 5 acute unequal lobes ; segments cut and toothed. Racemes pendulous, loose, 5— 6-flowered; bracts shorter than the glan- dular/zed/ce/s. Calyx rather flat; segments rounded, green- ish-yellow. Petals short, minute, white. Style 2-cleft. Ber- ries round-oblong, hispid, dark brown.
Hab. In mountain swamps. On the Catskill Mountains, New- York. Kn eve Is. Williamstown, Massachusetts. Dewey. Deerfield, Massachusetts. Coo ley.
11. R. Cynoshali J acq. : subaxillary spines in pairs; leaves with short lobes, incisely toothed, softly pubescent ; racemes nodding, few-flowered ; calyx erect-campanulate ; berries aculeate. Mich. Fl. I. p. 111. IVi 1 1 d. Spec. I. p. 1159. Pursh Fl.l.p. 166. Ro em. ir S c hull. Y. p. 506.
FloKoerg green. Berries d^vk brown, and full of thorns. PA.
RiBEs. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 271
Hab. On the sides of hills and rocks on the Alleghany Moun- tains. April — June. Furs/i. In Pennsylvania. Muh' lenb er g.
182. HAMILTONIA. Muhlenberg.
Polygamous. Perfect Flower. Calyx tur- binatc-campanulate, 5-cleft. Corolla 0. Nectary with the disk 5-toothed. Style 1; stigtnas 2 — 3, sublenti- cular ; germen immersed in the nectary. Drupe pyri- form, 1 -seeded, enclosed in the adhering base of the calyx. Staminiferous Flower resembling the perfect, except in wanting the pistil. Muhl. in Willd. Spec. IV. p. 1114. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 156. Pyrularia Mich. Fl. I. p. 231. Roem. 8f Sc hult. Gen. 1058. Nat. Ord. ^Eleagni Juss^
SANTALACEiE R. B T OW n ( Nut t.J Oll-nut.
H. oleifera Muhl.inWilld. Spec. 1. c PurshFL I. p. 178. t. 3. Nutt. Gen. 1. c. Pyrularia piiiera Mich. Fl. \\. p. 233. Rotm. & Schult.Y. p. 575. A shrub 4 — 6 feet high, very pubescent. Root surculose, pe- netrating very deep, foetid. Leaves alternate, oblong-ovate, entire, acuminate, 2 — 3 inches long, 1 to I^ wide, petioled, strongly veined on the under side, silky when young. Floivers small, in a terminal raceme, greenish-yellow ; fiedicels articu- late at the base. Calyx of the staminiferous flower shortly campanulate ; glandular disk penetrating and filling the tubu- lar base of the calyx. Perfect flower^ with the segments of the calyx ovate and reflected ; glandular disk more conspicuous. Stamens opposite the divisions of the calyx, and alternating with the dentures of the disk. J^ut depressed, globular, 1-celled, 1-seeded, enclosed in the carneous base of the calyx, appearing inferior from its immersion in the disk ; adhering calyx conspicuously veined ; shell of the nut whitish, thin, a little verrucose, sharply acuminate by the persistent base of the styicy as in the capsule of Celastrus scandens. Perisfierm large, very oily, acrid to the taste, (probably cathartic) its sub- stance somewhat lamellated ; corculum at the base, minute. The germen has probably more than one seed. JSTu 1 1. Hab. On the margins of mountain rivulets, in the central and highest parts of the chain. Pennsylvania. May — June. Ntct' tall and Pur s It Oil-nut or Elk-nut.
The whole plant is more or less oily, in consequence of which deer, and domestic cattle devour it with avidity.
183. THESIUM. L. Calyx 1-leaved, tubular- campanulate, 4 — 5-cleft.
272 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. thesium.
Anthers attached to the calyx by a tuft of filaments. Nut 1-secded, covered with the persistent calyx. R. Brown Prod. 1. p. 53^. Gen. pi. 410. La m. IIL t. CXLII. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen. 1061. Com- ANDRA Nntt. Gen. I. p. 157. Nat. Ord. i^LEACNi Juss. (" olim, nunc Inceriee sedis.^^) Juss. Ann. Mus. V. p. 222. Santalace^ R. Brown.
Bastard toad-Jiax,
T. wrnbellahmi L. : stem erect, ovaMariceolate ; fasci- cles of flowers terminal, subcoiymbed. Willd. Sjoei . I. p. 1124. P Mr J? A F/. I. p. 177. B i g. Bust. ^. Q\. Elliott 5A-. I. p. 311. i?o em. & /Sc/tw /<. V. p. 581. T. corymbu- lusum Mich, FL I. p. 1 1 2. Comandra umbellala N utt, 1. c.
Root perennial, somewhat ligneous. Stem about a foot high, a little branched, squamose towards tlie base. Leaves alternate, about an inch long, numerous, smooth, acute, attenuated to a short petiole at the base. Corymb many-flowered ; pedicels in fours or fives, with involucrate bracts at the base. Calyx with an internal glanduliferous disk ; segments ovate, acute, white. Stamens seated at the base of the segments of the czXyin', filaments subulate, short; anMers oval, 2-celled, at- tached to the calyx on the inner side by a tuft of yellow fila- ments. Style filiform ; stigma round, simple. " Germen about 3-seeded ; embryos pendulous, attached to the apex of a filiform contractile funiculus arising from the base of the cap- sule." Kutt. JVut coated by the base of the calyx, per- fecting but one seed. " Seed consisting almost entirely of a large carnose and oily fierisfterm ; embryo inverted, small, flat, nearly in the axis of the perisperm ; radicle superior, thick and obtuse ; cotyledons linear and acute." JVu 1 1.
Hab. On dry rocky hills and in woods; common. July— Au- gust.
JSTutta 1 1 has constituted a new genus of the North-Ame- rican species of Thesium, principally on account of the anthers being connected to the calyx by a tuft of filaments. This cha- racter exists, more or less, in many of the species of this genus as now characterized hy R. Brown. I have, therefore, for the present, restored T. umbellatum to its former situation, though it may yet be separated when accurately compared with some of the foreign species of the genus. The glandu- lar disk, I believe, is peculiar to the North-American plants.
184. ANYCHIA. Michaux.
Calyx 5-parted; segments oblong, connivent, callous and subsaccate at the apex. Corolla 0. Filaments
ANVCHiA. PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 273
3^^Sy distinct, without intermediate setae. Stigma subcapitate. Utriculus 1-seeded, covered by the calyx. MicJi, FL I. p. 113, Roem, y SchulL Gen. 1029. QuERiA X. NutL Gen. I. p. 158. Nat, Ord. CARYOPHYLLEiE Juss, Illecebreje R. Broxvn>
A. dichotoma J\J ich, : stem erect or spreading, dichoto- mously branched ; leaves lanceolate, smooth, acute ; flowers about as long as the stipules. M i c L FL \. p. ] 13. P ur s h F/. I. p. 17G. Roem. ^ Schult.V,^. bl3. A. cana- densis Elliott Sfc. I. p. 307» QuERiA canadensis L. Willd, Spec. I. p. 494. J^uit. Gtn. I c. Gro n. Firg: H.
Roof annual, fibrous, (perennial, Z., Mu h I., E I /., Sec.) Stem about a span high, terete, filiform, much divided in a dichotO" mous manner, pubescent, especially towards the summit. Leaves opposite, with 4 minute scarious sd/iules at the base, attenuate below into a short petiole, sliglaly ciliate under a lens. Flowers solitary, terminal and axillary, erect, scarcely as large as a pin's head, on very sliort fiedicein. Calyx green. Stamens 3, rarely 5, shorter than the calyx. Stigma entire ? Utriculus not opening.
Hab. In dry woods and on hills; common. June ^-August.
Forked Chick-weed.
j3. capillacea* : very smooth ; flowers spreading, longer than the stipules at their base. Queria capillacea Kutt. 1. c.
About a span high, dichotomously branched like the preceding.
Leaves smaller, and often nbtuse. Hab. In the pine barrens of New- Jersey. August. Collected
in company with Mr. JVu 1 1 a 1 1.
I am unable to discover atiy characters in my specimens of
this plant sufficient to distinguish it as a species from A. di-
rhotoma.
185. GLAUX. L.
Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, coloured. Corolla 0. Capsule globose, acumhiate, 1-celled, 5-valvcd, S-seed- cd. Gefi.pL 408. ^u tt. Gen A. p. 16\. Juss. p. 333. Lam. III. t. CXLI. Roem.^ Schult. Gen. 1026. Nat. Ord. Salicari^e Juss. now of the Pr I M u L A c E^. Black Sal f -wort.
G. maritima L, : Willd. Spec. I. p. 1210. Smith Fl. Brit. I. p. 2b8. Eng. Bot. t. 13. M ic h. Fl. 1. p. 114.
35
274 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNfA. glaiOx^
Pursh FL I. p. 176. Muhl. Cat, p. 26. Roem. <t* Schutt. V. p. 514.
Hoot perennial. Stem erect, 4 — 5 inches high, very leafy. Leaves opposite, ovate, smooth, fleshy, entire. Flowers small, solitary, axillary, pale rose-coloured. Segments of the calyx obtuse, spreading.
Hab. On the sea-coast j every where in the nortliern hemis- phere, within the temperate regions. JiTuttaU. I have sought for this plant in vain.
ORDER Ih D I G Y N I A„
A. Flowers monopetalous, inferior, * Follicles 2.
186. Apocynum. 188. Gonolobus.
187. Peripl6ga. 189. Asclepias.
** Fruit capsular,, 190. Gentiana. 191. CWSCUTA.
B. Corolla b-petalled, inferior,
192. Heuchera.
C. Corolla 5-petaUed, superior,
193. Panax.
p. Flowers incomplete,
194. Atriplex. 196. Salsola.
195. Chenopodium. 197. Ulmus.
198. Celtis,
E. UMBELLIFER^.
According to the System of Spr eng el,
a. Umbels subcapitate,
199. Eryngium. 200. Sanicula.
b. Umbels imperfect, Involucrum obsolete or 0. fLeaveS
confluent with the petiole, subsimple.J
201. Hydrocotyle.
PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 275
c. Umbels perfect. Universalinvolucrum, and sometimes the
partial, wanting. Fruit ovate, solid, d-costatc, ("Leaves decompound. J
202. SisoN. 203. Cnidium.
d. Umbels perfect. Involucra generally wanting. Fruit
corticate, solid, or compressed^ utriculate. 204. Smyrnium. 205, Cicuta,
e. Fruit hispid,
206. Daucus.
f. Fruit pyramidal, rostrate, Involucrum 0,
207. Myrrhis.
a. Fruit subovate, costate, sulcate. Universal and partial involucra various,
203. SiuM. 209. CoNiUM,
210. LiCUSTICUM.
ii. Fruit compressed, jlat, often winged, Jnvolucra various.
211. Heracleum. 213. Angelica.
212. Pastinacao 2J4. Thapsia.
186. APOCYNUM. L.
Calyx very small, 5-cleft. Corolla campanulate ; border with 5 short spreading or revolute lobes. Jn- thers sagittate, connivent, cohering to the stigma by the middle. Glandular teeth 5, acute, alternating with the stamens, and opposite the segments of the corolla. Styles obsolete; stigma dilated and conical at the apex. Follicles 2, long, linear. Seeds comose. R. Bro-wn in Mem. JVern. Soc. I. p, 67. JVutt. Gen. I. p. 161. Lam. III. t. CLXXVI. f. 2. Boem. ^ Schult, Gen. 742. Nat. Qrd. Apocine^ R. Brown; (part of ApociNEiE Juss.J Lactescent herbs. Dog^s-bane. — Indian-hemp.
1. A. andros(smifolium L. : leaves ovate, smooth on both sides; cymes lateral and terminal, smooth; tube of the co- rolla longer than the calyx. Willd. Spec. I. p. 1259. R. Brown in Wern. Trans. 1. p. 68. Mich. Fl. J. p. 121. Pursh Fl. I. p. 179. Big. Bost. p. 61. Ejusd. Med. BnL
276 PENTANDRTA. BIGYNIA, apocynum.
II. p 148. t. 36, Elliott Sk, I. p. 314. Walt. Car, p. 107. Roem.ir Schult. IV. p. 403.
Root perennial. Stem 2—3 feet high, erect, with spreading branches. Leaves opposite, on short peti(iles, ovate, acute, a little pubescent on the njidrib beneath. Cymes few-flowered- Flowers ab-ui one-fourth of an inch long. Calyx with oblong acute se^ments, much shorter than the corolla. Corolla cam- panulale, pink or purplish-white ; border spreading, with the lobes ovate, acute and reflfxed. Nectary of 5 distinct purple teeth, surrounding the germen. Anthers connected into a cone, surrounding the stigtna, very acute, scarcely half as long as the- corolla. Follicles about 4 niches long, terete, tapering to a point, opening laterally the whole length. Seeds numer- ous, imbricated in the follicle, crowned with a long silky pap- pus.
Hab. In fields and along hedges ; Rot uncommon. June — July.
2, A, pubefscens R. Br. : stem erect ; leaves ovate, hoary- pubescent beneath ; cymes pubescent ; corolla longer than the calyx ; border erect. R. Brown in IVeryi. Trans. I. p. 68. Elliott Sk.\. p. 315. R o e m. ^ S chul l.W\ p. 405. A. camiabirMm Mich, FL I. p. 122. Purs h FL p. 179.
^(gni 2 — 3 feet higli, with a few erect branches. Leaves on short villous petioles, obtuse, but not cordate at the base, mucronate, more or less pubescent beneath. Cymes short. Flowers few, not more than half as large as in the preceding species. Seg ments of the calyx lanceolate. Corolla greenish-white.
Hab. Borders of fields; not unfrequent. June— July.
3. A. hypericifolimn -^ it.: leaves oblong, smooth, on very short petioles, mucronate, obtuse and subcordate at the base \ cymes shorter than the leaves ; calyx nearly as long as th<^ tube of the corolla, jii t. Kew.l. p. S04, R.Brown in Wern, Trans. 1, p. 68, R o f. m, ^ Schult. IV, p. 404.
Stem about 2 feet high. Leaves subsessile, oblong, a little cor- date at ti e base, very acute. Cymes smooth. Flowers smalh greenish-w.iite. Corolla erect, longer than the lanceolate seg- ments of the calyx.
Hab. In fields and along the borders of woods. June— July.
4. A, cnnnabinum L. : leaves lanceolate, acute at each end, smooth on both sides ; cymes paniculate ; calyx as long as the tube of the corolla. R. Brown in Wern, TraiinA. p. 68. AiUKew.l,p.303. Wi II d. Sped. p. 1259. exc\. syn. Gron. Elliot t Sk. \. p. 3i5. R o em. ir So hul t. IV. p. 404. Ste7n erectj sler^der, branched, purple, a little glaucous. Leaver
APOCYNUM. PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 277
2 — 3 inches long, and three-fourths of an inch broad, on short petioles, attenuate at the base, very smooth. Cymes many- flowered, paniculate, smooth. Segments of the calyx subu- late, about as long as tlie tube of the corolla. Corolla small, campanulate, green ; border erect. Follicles long, very slender. Hab. In fields and along the borders of woods; rare. On the Island of New-York. Cambridge, New-York. Steven- son.
I have followed R. Brown in characterizing the species of this genus. There is some confusion respecting the syno- nymy of the three last species, which I am unable to re- move.
187. PERIPLOCA. L.
Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla rotate, flat; orifice surrounded with an urceolate 5 -cleft crown ; segments awned. Anthers bearded on the back ; pollinia} dilated at the apex, and united to the corpuscules of the stigma, so- litary, composed of 4 confluent grains. Style 1 ; stig- ma pentagonal Follicles 2, cylindrical, smooth. Seeds comose. "" 7?. Brown in JVern. Trans. I. p. 57. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 162. Roera. ^ Schult. Gen, 1109. Nat. Ord, AscLEPiADE^ i?, Brown, Ai>o» CINE.'E Ju s s.
P. grcBca L. : flowers hairy within, and terminal. Willd. S/)fc. I, p. 1248. Duham.Arb.\\.^.lQA.\..'2\. Nutt. L c. jMuhl. Cat.ip.27. ^oem. & ScAm//. VJ, p. 126.
A climbing shrub 10 — 15 feet high. Leaves opposite, 3—4 inches long, on short petioles, ovate, acuminate, smooth. Flowers in axillary corymbs, on long peduncles. Calyx minute ; seg' merits lanceolate, acute. Corolla dark brownish-purple; seg- ments linear, obtuse, very hairy on the inner side. Follicles about 2 inches long, a little ventricose.
Hab. In the western parts of the State of New-York, either in- digenous or naturalized. JVu tt all. In Pennsylvania. Mu h^ lenber g.
I have never seen this plant except in gardens, and suspect it is only naturalized in North-America. It is not described in Fursh's Flora.
ISO. GONOLOBUS. L.
Corolla rotate, deeply 5 -parted. Stamineal crown
f A name given by Mr. JSTtt r r a / i to the " poUinis massx" of It. Br a;
378 PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. gonolobus,
f Lepanthium, Nutt.J scutelliform, pentangular. An- tkers openin.c^ transversely, terminated by a membrane. PoUinia 5 pair, not separating into grains. Stigma de- pressed. Follicle^ 2. Seeds comose. Mi c n. Fl. I. p/421. R. Brown in Wern. Trans. \. p. 35. Nutt. Ge?i.\.^. 162. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen. 1084. Cy- WANCHi et ViNCETOXici ^/)/;. Jacq. and Walt, Nat. Ord. Asclepiade^ R. Brown. Apocine^ Ju s s. Stems twining, herbaceous.
1. G. obliquus R. Br,: stem climbing, hairy; leaves ovate-cordate, villous, acute ; corymbs axillary ; segments of the corolla ovate, acuminate, obliqi^e, revolute. Roem. <$■- S c hult. VI. p. 6*4. Cynanchum obliguum Jacq, Collect, I. p. 148. Ejusd. icon. rar. II. t. 34h fVilld, Spec. I. p. J2o6» Mu hi. Cat. ^.27.
Stem 4 — 5 feet long, terete, branched. Leaves veined on both sides, softly pubescent. Umbels axillary, simple, much shorter than the leaves. Flowers foetid, about an inch in diameter, (dark purple.) Calyx small, green ; segments much spread- ing, linear-lanceolate, acute. Jacq.
Hab. In the vicinity of Philadelphia. Barton. In Penn- sylvania. Muhlenberg. July.
Pur s h never found this plant growing spontaneously in North- America, and doubts whether it be a native; but I am assured by Z. Collins,, Esq. that it is certainly indigenous near the Falls of the Schuylkill, about 5 miles from Philadel-* phia. ' -
2, G. hirsutiis M i c h. : sarments and petioles very hairy , leaves cordate-oval, distinctly acuminate, pubescent on both sides; segments of the corolla oblong, obtuse; follicles ob- long, muricate. M ich. Fl. \. p. l\9. R 0 em. S^ Sc hult. VI. p. 63. Gqnolqbium hirsutum Purs/i Fi. I. p. 179. G. earolinemis EllliottSk.l.ip,32Bl
Stem trailing on the ground, or climbing over shrubs, 3-— 4 feet long, pubescent ; the younger branches and petioles almost his- pidly pilose. Leaves opposite, slightly auriculate at the base ; sinus small, rounded. Umbels axillary, 4 — 6-fiowered, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels about an inch long. Segments ot the calyx lanceolate, very acute. Petals dark-purple, oblong- oval or elliptical. Follicles about 4 inches long, (resembling those of AscLEPiAs) armed with soft spines. Seeds crowned with a long silky tuft.
Hab. In hedges, near rivulets. Pennsylvania to Carolina- P ur s h.
The North-American species of this genus are involved in much confusion. Cynanchum carelinense is, by R.Br own. re-
GONOLOBus. PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 279
ferred to his Gon. carolinense ; hy Pur s h to G. l<eve Mi c h. .? and hy Elliott to G. hirsutus, Br ow n' s G. carolinense also includes G. macro/i/iyllus of Mi c hau x. Cynanchum discolor, Bot. Mag. t. 1273, does not appear to differ trom Gon. macrofi/iyllus oi Michau x and Elliott.
189. ASCLEPIAS, L.—R. Brown,
Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla rotate, S-parted, mostly reflexed. Stamineal crown simple, 5-leaved ; leaflets opposite the anthers, with a subulate averted process at the base. Stigma with the 5 angles (cor- pusculesj opening by 5 longitudinal chinks. Pollinia 5 distinct pairs, pendulous, suspended in the cells of the anthers from the angles of the stigma. Follicles ventricose, smooth or muricate. Seed comose. Gen. pi. 429. R. Brown in JFern. Trans. I. p. 37. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 165. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen, 1086. Nat. Ord. AscLEPiADEiEi?. ^roK;;?. Apo- gij^zmJuss, Swallow-wort Silk-weed^ ^c^
* Leaves ofifiosite. 1. A. syriaca L. : stem subsimple, leaves lanceolate-ob long, petiolale, tomentose beneath ; umbels nodding ; nectary bldentate ; follicles muricate. Willd. Spec. I. p. 126*3o Piirsk FLl.p. IS\. B i g. Bost. ip. 62. Roem,^- Schult. y\.p. 62. A. syriaca^. Mich. Fl.l.p.Wb. A. syriaca /S. illinoensis P ers. Syn, I, p. 275» Asclepias caule erecto, &lc. Cold. J\''oveb. 41.
Root perennial, long. Stem 2—4 feet high. Leaves opposite, 4 — 6 inches long, the upper ones gradually acunrainate, whitish- tomentose beneath. Umbels 2 — 3, subterminal, 1 5 — 20-flower- ed ; fiedicels an inch, or an inch and a half long, tomentose, bracteate at the base. Flonvers large, sweet-scented. Seg-' ments of the calyx lanceolate, acute, reflected. Corolla pale purple ; segments oblong, obtuse, reflected, 3 times as long as the calyx. A'cctary or stamineal croivn of 5 white fleshy obtuse cuciiUate leaflets; apex 2-toothed ; horn acute, in- curved, exserted. Jniheridiumi oblong, sessile, divided into 5 lobes by the corpuscules of the stigma ; lobes 2-celled, with reflexed margins. Pollinia clavate, compressed, waxy and smooth, (not separable into grains,) united in pairs by a small black tubercle, and alternating in the cells of the antheridium, each pair of the masses of pollen being thus suspended in the
-}• A term proposed by jMr. JVjztt all for the antherold cells, or anthers, ef most authors.
g80 PENTANDRIA. DiGYNLL asolepus;
cells of 2 adjoining lobes or anthers. Germens 2, distinct i styles 2y short; s^i^-rwa discoid, pentangular. FoUiclts about 3 inches long, armed with sharp soft spines. Seeds imbricated, roundish, flat, pendulous, crowned with a tuft of long silky- fibres. Hab. In sandy fields and on road sides ; very common. July — ■ August.
9. A. phytolacroides Ly oni stem erect, simple; leaves broad-lanceolate, acuminate, smooth, pale beneath ; umbels mail) -flowered, lateral and terminal, solitary, on long pedun" cles, nodding; nectary bidentate. Pursh F/. 1. p. 180-. E lliott Sk. \,^. 3\0. ^futt. Gen. ]. p. 166, Roem, ^ S c hul t, VI. p^ 69. A. exaltata et acuminata M u h I Cat. p. 27.
Stem 3 — 4 feet high, slender. Leaves 6 — 8 inches long, 2 — 3 broadj acute at each extremity, a little pubescent beneath. Umbels on peduncles 2—3 inches long. Flowers 6 — 10; fiedicels about an inch and a half long. Flowers as large as in the preceding species, sweet scented. Segments of the calyx one-third the length of the corolla, lanceolate, acute. Corolla greenish" white, often with a tinge of purple ; segments elliptical, acute. Leaflets of the nectary whitish, truncate, with minute inter- mediate processes; margins inflected, with the upper angle on each side terminating in a cusp or sharp toooth ; horn dis- tinctly exserted ; tube conspicuous. Follicles not seen.
Hab. In shady swamps, and in rocky wet woods. On the Island of New-York, near the old Botanic Garden. In the Highlands of New -York. Barratt. Near Deerfield, Massachusetts. Coo ley and Hitchcock. In the neighbourhood of Phi- ladelphia. June-^July,
3. A, variegata L. : stem simple, erect; leaves ovate;, petiolate, smooth ; umbels lateral and terminal, on short pe- duncles, crowded; pedicels tomentose ; horn broad-falcatCe IV ill d. Spec, I. p. 1265. Bot, Mag. 1182, Pursh FL I. p. 181. Elliott Sk.], p. Sn, J^utt. Gen. I. p. 167. W a 1 1. Car. p. \(U. R o em, <^ S c hult.W, p. 74. A. hyhrida Mich. FL L p. Il5.
Root horizontal. Stem 3—4 feet high, a little pubescent to- wards the top. Leaves slightly acuminate, often a little un- dulate, paler beneath, a little pubescent on the midrib and margin ; base acute; fietiole about half an inch long. Umbels generally 2, near the summit of the stem, 20— SO-flowered ; peduncles about as long as the petioles ; pedicels less than an inch in length. Ca/j/;«: hairy ; segments lanceolate. Corolla white, sometimes with a tinge of purple. Leaflets of the nec- tary white, slightly cucuUate, not toothed; Aorra or centra! process very hard, awned, subexserted ; tube short, purplish. Follicles smooth.
AsCLEPiAs. PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA, 281
Hab. In woods; plentifully about Bloomingdale on the Island of New-York, and on Long-Island, a few miles from Brook- lyn. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. July.
4. A. obfMslfolia M i c h. : leaves amplexicaul, oblong-ob- tuse, undulate, very smooth, glaucous beneath; umbel ter- minal, long-pedunculate, generally solitary ; nectary slightly ■i-toothed ; horns exserted. Mich. FL 1. p. 1 1 5. P u r s h F/.l. p. 182. Elliott Sk.\.^.^1\. Rocm. <^ Schult, VI. p. 74. A. purpuras cens Walt. Car. p. 105.
■Rooi very long. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, erect, simple, very smooth, purplish. Leaves 3 inches long, remarkably undulate on the margin, generally very obtuse, or even emarginate ; the 2 lowest pairs sometimes closely approximate. Umbel generally so- litary, on a long naked peduncle, many-flowered ; pedicels nearly smooth, about an inch long. Floivers longer than in the preceding species. Calyx smooth. Corolla pale purple, with a tinge of green. Leaflets of the nectary longer than the antheridium, a little cucuUate, with a short central cusp ; horn subulate-falcate. Follicles large, unarmed.
Hab. In sandy fields and on sand-hills. On a hill near Flush- ing, Long-Island, where it was first pointed out to me by Mr. Pl^m. R. Prin c e. In the pine barrens of New-Jersey. Fairfield, New-York. Had ley. Cambridge. Steven- .1 0 n. Sandy woods, near Schenectady. L. C. Beck. Deerfitld, Massachusetts. Co o ley and Hi t c h c o c k. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenbe rg. June — July.
5. A. laurifolia Mich.: stem erect, smooth 5 leaves subsessile, oval-lanceolate, tapering to the summit, very acute, smooth ; umbels on long peduncles, terminal and axillary. M ich. F/. \. p. \n. Pursh Fl. \.p. 182. Elliott Sk. I. p. 322. Eoem. <^ Schult. VL p. 75.
Stem 2 feet high, generally erect, near the summit pubescent, lower down marked by a decurrent hairy line. Leaves obtuse at the base, sessile ; margin somewhat rough and shghtly ci- liate. Umbels few, near the summit; common fieduncle 2 — 5 inches long. Corolla 3—4 tinies as long as the calyx, green on the outer surface, bright purple within. Leaflets of the nectary acute, as long as the corolla, and twice as long as the ant/ieridium, of a bright purple approaching to orange ; horn ratbf.1 shorter than the leaflets. EIL ,
Hab. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. August.
6. A. incarnata L. : stem erect, branched above, tomen- tose ; leaves subsessile, lanceolate, tomentose; umbels erect, generally by pairs; nectary entire; horns subulate, exserted. Willd.Spec.l.p.1'267. M i c h. FL L p. 1\5. Pursh FL I. p. 181. £ Hi otlSk. I. p. 320. Ro em. ^r S chul t, Vi. p. 72,
30
r>8:j PENTANDRIA, DiGYNIA. asclepias.
Stem 2 — 3 feet high, tomentose-pubescent, with a few upright, opposite, or alternate branches towards the summit. Leaves about 3 inches long, acute, cordate at the base ; petiole one- fourth of an inch long. Umbels terminal, numerous, crowded ; pedicels three-fourths of an inch long. Corolla pale purple. Leaflets of the nectary as long as the anthefidiumy obliquely truncate, not dentate ; Aorn subulate. Follicles %moo\h.
Hab. In swamps and on the banks of rivers. August.
iS. ptilchra P e r s. : stem and leaves very hairy, A. pul- •chra Will d. Spec. I. p. 12Q7. B ig. Bost. ip. 63, Roem. ir Schult. VI. p. 72.
Hab. With the preceding; from which, as Purs h remarks, it does not differ, except in the degree of pubescence.
7. A. amccna L. ; stem with 2 longitudinal pubescent lines ; leaves subsessile, oblong-oval, pubescent beneath ; um- bels terminal, erect; nectary entire; horn subulate, ex- serted. W illd. Spec, l.^, \'2<jb. M ich. Fl. I. ip. 118. Pursh Fl.l. p. ISV- ^utLGcn.l.^.166. Roem. k Schult. V. p. 73.
Stem about G feet high, erect, branched above, nearly smooth, with 2 conspicuous pubescent lines. Leaves 3 — 4 inches long, acute or acuminate, smooth above, a little pubescent beneath ; petiole very short. Umbels numerous, many-flowered ; fiedi- eels pubescent. Corolla purple. Sectary rose-coloured; leaflets ovate, obtuse, entire, longer than the antheridium; horn subulate, flattened towards the base. Follicles slightly ventri- cose, smooth.
Hab. In swamps and overflowed meadows. July — August.
8. A. purpurascens L. : stem simple ; leaves ovate, vil- lous beneath ; umbels erect ; leaflets of the nectary resupinate. Wil Id. Spec. l. p. 1-265. P ur s h Fl. I. p. ]S\. Big. Bost, p. 62. El Hot I Sk. I. p. 322. Dill. Elth. t. 28. f. 31. R 0 em. k Schult. \[. 1^.13.
Stem erect, about a foot and a half long, somewhat hairy towards the top. Leaves on short petioles, a little pubescent above, whitish beneath; midrib broad, purple. Flowers purple.^ Dill.
Hab. Near Boston. Bigelow. In New-York. Muhlen- berg.
I have never seen a North-American Asclepias in which the nectary was resupinate. Perhaps the plant of Dille- nius is only a variety of A. amccna or incarnata.
9. A. debilis M i c h. : very smooth ; stem erect, weak,, simple; leaves petiolate, oval-lanceolate, acute at each extre- mity, membranaceous; umbels terminal, loose; pedicels ca- pillary. Mich. Fl. I. p. 116. Piirsh Fl. I. p. 180.
AsCLEPiAs. PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 283
Roem. SiSchult.Vl.p. 14. A. parviflora E I li o 1 1 Sk. I. p. 323? Pluk. Amal. t. 359. f . 5 ?
Leaves large. Flowers white.
Hab. On shady rocky situations, near rivulets. New-York to Carolina. Pursh.
Elliott considers the A. debilis of Michaux as his fiarviflora^ but they are not united by Pur s h or Mu Men- berg.
10. A. acuminata Ph. : stem erect, smooth, simple ; leaves ovate, subcordate, acuminate, subsessile : umbels lateral, so- litary, erect; nectary acute ; horns scarcely exserted. Pursh F/. I. p. 182. Roem. <i' Schti It. \l. 1^.74. A. periplo- cce folia J^'utt. Gen. 1. p. 167 > A. cordata Walt, Car, p. 105.
Root a large round tuber. Stem a foot and a half high, very smooth. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, smooth on both sides ; the lower ones on very short petioles; the upper ones sessile. Umbels generally about 2, crowded. Corolla purple within, greenish on the outside. Leaflets of the nectary oblong, pur- ple, longer than the antheridium ; horn simply subulate. Fol- licles smooth.
Hab. In sandy swamps in the pine barrens of New-Jersey ; rare. Augusto
JVu ti all cites, as synonyms of this species, A. laurifolia Mich, and Pluk. Jim. t. 358 f. 5; and, indeed, the A. laurifolia^ as described by Elliott^ differs in scarcely any respect from the A. acuminata, as I have observed it in New- Jersey.
1 1. A. quadrifoUa J ac q. : stem erect, simple, smooth ; leaves by fours, ovate, acuminate, petiolate ; umbels 2, ter- minal, erect, loose; pedicels capillary; nectary bidentate : horn very short. J acq. Obs. ]\. t, 33, PurshFl.I.^, 133. M uhl. Cat.]^. 28. EI lio 1 1 Sk. \.-p. 3VJ. ^rutt. Gen. I. p. 167. Roem. SiSchult.Y\,p. 76. A. caule erecto, foliis ovato-lanceolatis, &c. Cold. Novth, 43. Apocynum umbellatum album latiore foliis tetraphyllum, «fec. Pluk.Mant.p.A6.
Stem a foot and a half high, slightly pubescent. Leaves gene- rally 8, of which the 4 middle ones are approximated in a cru- ciate manner; sometimes the lowest pair is wanting. Umbels on long peduncles, about 20-flowered ; fiedicels an inch long, very slender. Flowers small, sweet scented. Corolla white. Leaflets of the nectary oblong, as long again as the antheri- dium, acute, slightly cucuUate, with 2 acute teeth below the middle ; horn falcate, about half as long the leaflet. Follicles smooth.
Hab. In dry stqny v/oods. June.
234 PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. asclepias.
12. 'A. viridijlora Raf.: stem erect, simple, hairy 5 leaves oblong, on short petioles, tomentose-pubescent on both sides, obtuse ; umbels lateral, solitary, subsessile, nodding, dense; horns of the nectary wanting. Raf. in Med. Rep. XI. p. 360. Ejusd. in D e s v, Journ. Dot. 1. p. 227. P u r s h iv. I. p. 181. Roem. ^ Schul t. Wl. ^. 73, A. nulan's Mu'hL Cat. p. 27.
Stem about 2 feet high, densely pubescent. Leaves 3 inches long, very obtuse, slightly mucronate, thick. Umbels gene- rally about 3, subglobose, on very short thick peduncles ; fie-, dicels tomentose. Corolla green. Leaflets of the nectary ses- sile, linear, erect, a little shorter than the ant/ieridimn, not cu- cuUate; margin with a minute tooth on each side near the base ; liorn entirely wanting ; margins of the corfiuscules sub triangularly produced at the midtlle. Follicles smooth. - "
Hab. in sandy fields. Near New-Haven, Connecticut. Jvea. Deerfield, Mdssacliusetts. CooUy and Hit.hcock. Philipstown, New-York. Barratt. In Pennsylvania and Maryland. Ra fines que. July.
This is undouL.cJly a species of Aoerates ot Elliott^ though, as the -vufhor himself thinks, n is doubtful whether that genus be sufficiently oistinct from Asclekias. It diifers from the latter principally in the sessile atr<*ig!it nectary leaves, and in the absence of their horn-like prcrcsses. om the GoMPHOCARPUst if R' Bro w n, it only diflci-sin the sm-Jth follicles.
/3. lanceoiala*: leaves lanceolate, acut«- J vts in Sill. Jour. IV. t.
Hab. Near New-Haven, Connecticut.. I u c s. Philips.o*» in the Highlands of New-York. Barratt. Near N Brunswick, New-Jersey. Dudgeon. July.
This variety resembles a specimen of A. longifolia M from Kentucky, which I have in my Herbarium. T). only differs in the leaves being a little narrower,
y. obovata* : leaves obovat'e. A. obovata E Hi I. p. 321.
Hab. Near New-Haven, Connecticut. Ives. • .
I have received southern specimens of this plant from Air. Schnve i nit z, which cannot be distinguished from tho'-.o sent me by Dr. /v ? *. Mr. Elliott remarks, that his spc cimens were too much hijured to determine whether the horr like appendages were present; otherwise he would undoati- edly have referred it to his genus Aoerates.
13. A. verticillata L. : stem simple, marked with pubes-
\ See JVm italics remarks on this genus. Gen. I. p, 168.
ftscLEPiAs. PENTANDRIA. DIGYNiA. 286
cent lines ; leaves mos% verticillate, narrow-linear, revolule ; nectaries short, . bidenttte ; horns falcate, much exserted. Willd.Spec.\,p.l^7T. Mich. F/. ].p, lie. Pursh FL I, p. 1 83. B i g. Bost. p, 63. Elliott Sk. I. p. 321. JSfiitl. Gen. 1. p. 168. IV a 1 1. Car. p. 106. Gron. Virg. p. 26. Pluk. Maat. t. 336. f. 4. R o e m. <^ Schutt, fV. p. 76.. . .
Stem about 3 feet high, yery slender, marked, with 5 or 8 paral- lel pubescent lines. Leaves geaeraliy in whorls of 5 or 6, about 3 inches long, scarcely more than a line wide, distinctly revolute on the margin. Umbels terminal, axillary, erect, numerous, often verticillate to*vards the upper part of the stem ; peduncles and fiedicels slender. Flowers small. Co- rolla grayish-white. Leaflets of the nectary ovatci obtuse, spreading, rather shorter than the antheridium, with an acute y looth on each side ; tube disdnct, much constricted ; horns as
^ long again as the leaflets, incurved over x\\g stigma. Cor- puscules triangularly produced at the base. Follicles long, slender, smooth.
^AB. On dry hills ; particularly in lim .i; regions. Abun^ dant at Kingsbridge, New-York, &c.
* * Leajiets altern
M. A. tuberosa L. : stem erect, 'y, with spreading- ■)'-anches , leaves oblong-lanceolate. jile ; umbels numo- ;ou§, fonnii g terminal corjmbs. /, p. 316. Wi I ' d.
Sfec. I. p.' ir'3 /¥ / ch. FLLp . Pursh FL 1. p.' r'83.. B g. ^ . Ejusd Med. Bot.U.p.5d.t.26.
•'^a r t. Vcg. Mat. 'M ed. I. t. 22. Elliott Sk. I. p. 32 j. V'o e m. (^ Schult. VI. p. 84. Dill. Elth. t. 30. f. 3 \.
J M very large, tuberous. Stem about 3 feet hi^h, generally
' V:Ty hairy, with spreading branches towards the top. "^ Leaves stc^'le, on very short petiolas, sometimes opposite on the lower pArt of the stem, hairy on bolh sidejs. Umbels numerous, erect te. ..ijtiating the branches. Flowers large, brigiit-orantrc. Leafle's of the nectary erect, oblong, as large again as the a«- (heridium, entire, not cucullate ; tube short; horn subulate shorter than the leaflets. Cor/iuar -.? greenish, triangularly
, produced at the base. F'ollicles smoottj.
Hab. In sandy fields ; common. Auj.>ust. Pleurisy-root
Butterjly.iveedy he. The root of this plant is in great repute for its medicinal virtues in pleurisy and other pulmonic aff"ections.
190. GENTIANA. L.
Calyx 4— 5-parted, or cleft. Corolla tubular at the base, campanulate; border 4 — 5-cleft; segments ci-
28G PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. gentiana.
liatte or entire, spreading, erect, or connivent. Sta- mens included. Styles 0, or very short ; stigmas 2. Capsule 1 -celled, 2-valved ; receptacles 2, longitudinal. Ge72.pL 450. A^utt. Gen. I. p. 71. Juss, p. 141. Lam. ///. t.CIX. Ro em. ^ S c hult. GV«. 1113. Nat. Ord. Gentians Juss, Gentian.
\. G. Saponaria L't leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, 3- nerved ; flowers verticillate-capitate, sessile; corolla ventri- cose, closed, 10-cleft; interior segments unequally 2 — S-cleft, as long as the exterior ones ; segments of the calyx ovate, shorter than the tube. Willd. Spec. I. p. 1138. Bot. Mag. t. 10.39. Pursk Fl.Up, 185. excl. syn. fV a It. et Caiesb. Bi g. Bost. p. 6i. E Hi o 1 1 Sk. l. p. 339. Bart. Fl. Am. Sept. III. t. 79. Roem.kSchul t. VL p. 148. G. autumnalis prima. Cold. J^oveb. ^9.
Root perennial. S(etn a foot and a half high, erect, simple, smooth. Leaves opposite, closely sessile, very smooth, with a large, principally in a terminal verticillate fascicle; the distinct nerve on each side near the margin. Flowers very lateral flowers axillary and solitary. Calyx 5-cleft, with the segments broad-ovate or oblong, acute, shorter than the tube. Corolla bright-blue, ventricose-campanulate, marcescent ; seg- ments connivent ; exterior ones very obtuse, entire ; interior ones plicate, lacerately 2 — 3-toothed. Stamens 5 ; Jilaments inserted into the tube of the corolla, broad ; anthers erect, sa- gittate. Stigmas rcflexed. Ca/isule oblong, acuminate, at- tenuate at the base, covered with the marcescent corolla. Seeds very numerous, with winged margins.
Hab. In wet grassy meadows, and in moist woods. Septem- ber— October.
2. G. ochroleuca F ro eL : stem subangular ; leaves ovat J -lanceolate ; flowers in terminal subsessile fascicles j, segments of the calyx linear- lanceolate; corolla campanulate- ventricose, 10 cleft; segments acute, slightly connivent; in- terior ones subdentate, short. Willd. Spec. L p. 1358> Bot. Meg. t. 155]. PurshFl.l.p.185. Elliott Sk. 1. p. 340 .^ Roem. ^r S c A m / ^ VI. p. 1 49. G. Saponaria Walt. Car. p. 109. Mich. Fl. I. p. 176. G. villosa L. fide P ur s h.
Root perennial. Stc7n about afoot high, a little scabrous. Leaves acute, indistinctly 3-nerved, scabrous on the margin. Ter- minal ^o^yers crowded ; lateral ones solitary, axillary. Calyx 5-cleft ; segments longer than the tube, acute. Corolla as large as in G. Safionaria, yellowish-white, streaked with green and purple ; exterior segments ovate ; interior ones nearly entire^ acute. Catitule ovate-oblong, acute.
GENTiANA. pentandria. digynia.
Hab. In fields and in woods. Long-Island and New-Jersey, September. Eddy.
This species strongly resembles the preceding, and has evi- dently been confounded with it by several authors. It, how- ever, is easily distinguished by the characters given above. In habit it much resembles G. cruciata of Europe.
3. G. Pneumonanthe L. : stem terete; leaves linear-lao- ceolate, obtuse; flowers few, terminal, (and axillarj) subses- sile ; segments of the cal)'X linear- oblong, rather acute ; co- rolla campanulate, 5-cleft; segments aciite ; interior plaits short, 1 -toothed. JV il I d. Spec. I. p. 1 356. Smith FL Brit. I. p. 285. Eng. Bot. t. 20. M i c h. FL I. p, 176. Pursh Fl. I. p. 1 85. Muhl. Cat, 29. G. Pseudu-Pimi- monanthe Roem, £s? Sc A« //. VI. p. 146.
Root perennial. Stem about a foot high, erect, simple, very smooth, purple. Leaves an inch and a half long, almost linear, generally obtuse. Flowers large, 2—3 in a terminal fascicle, with one or two solitary ones near the summit of the stem. Segments of the calyx shorter than the tube. Corolla bright blue ; seg- ments ovate, a little acuminate ; interior plaits very short, acute, confluent on one side with the exterior segments; anthers connate. Capsule fusiform.
Hab. On high mountains near the borders of lakes and rivera, Canada to Pennsylvania. Pursh. Portland, Maine. B ig e- low. Calathian- Violet.
The North- American plant, which has been made a distinct species by Ro emer is' Sc hu 1 1 es, differs in no respect from numerous European specimens in my Herbarium.* It was obligingly communicated to me by Dr. Big- e low.
4. G. angustifolia M i c h. : stem simple, slender,! -flower- ed ; leaves linear, spreading ; corolla infundibuliform, 5. cleft, with 5 interior lacerate segments. Mich. Fl. ]. p. 177, Pursh F/. I. i^.lSG. EUiottSk.hip.3U. Roem.^- Schult. VI. p. 170. A. purpurea Walt. Car. p. 109.
Root perennial. Stem about a foot high, terete, very smooth. Leaves long-linear, smooth, rather obtuse. Flowers nearly 2 inches long, generally solitary at the extremity of the stem. Tube of the calyx pentangular ; segments subulate, longer than the tube. Corolla azure-blue ; exterior segments ovate, very acute; interior lacerately divided, much shorter; an- thers distinct. Cafisule fusiform, on a long pedicel.
Hab. Borders of swamps in the pine barrens of New-Jersey. October — November.
This is one of the most beautiful plants of North-America.
5. G. linearis F ro e L: stem somewhat scabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate^ undulatCj ciliate, as are also the segments of
PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. GMtuni.
the calyx; flowers sessile, in terminal crowded fascicles; co- rolla campanulate, 5-cleft ; segments obtuse, with the interior folds denticulate* IViUd. Spec. I. p. 439. Pursh Fl. L p. 186. Roem. ^^ Schult. VI. p. 146. G. puberula Mich, FL I. p. 176o
Leaves minutely ciliatc. Flowers middle-sized, blue. Seg- ments of the calyx cuneate, lanceolate, scarcely as long as the tube. Segments of the corolla very short, obtuse ; interior folds denticulate. Mi c h.
Hab. In vallies on the mountains of Pennsylvania. Wi II de- no ni).
I have seen no specimens of this plant. Michaux re- marks that it resembles G. Pneumonanthe.
6. G. quinqucjiora Fr o el. : stem quadrangular, branch- ed ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved ; flowers some- what in fives, terminal and axillary, pedicellate ; corolla tu- bular-campanulate, 5-cleft ; segments setaceously acuminate; calyx very short. Willd. Spec, I. p. 1 339. Elliot t Sk, 1. p. 341. Roem, ir S c hu 1 1. \ I. p, 150. G. amarel- hides M ich.FL\.p.M5. Pursh Fl. I. p. 1 86. G. quinquefolia L. Sp. pi, I. p. 333. G. autumnalis tertia. C o Id. Noxtb. 51.
Boot biennial. Stem a foot high, with 4 prominent angles, rarely simple, smooth. Leaves semiamplexicaul, acute, smooth 3 — S-nerved. Flowers terminal, and also from the axils of the upper leaves ; fiedicels quadrangular, 4 — 6 lines long. Calyx about one-fifth as long as the corolla ; segments subulate. Co- rolla small, pale obscure blue, a little ventricose; segments ovate, produced into a subulate point ; plaits simple. Capsule fusiform.
Hab. In woods and on hill sides. Near Elizabeth-town, New^ Jersey. Eddy. Cambridge, New-York. Stevenso7i, Hudson, N. Y. Alsofi. Near Albany. L. C. B c c k zx\^ Tracy. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. Septem- ber— October.
7. G. criniia F r o eh : stem terete ; branches elongated, 1 -flowered; leaves lanceolate, acute; corolla half 4-cleft; segments incisely-ciliate. Willd. Spec. I. p. 1352. Bol. JWag. t. 2031. 'Pursh Fl. 1. p. 185. Big. Bost. p^ 64. Elliott Sk. I. p. 341. Roem. ^ Schult. VI. p. 175. G. autumnalis secunda Cold. J^'uveb. 50.
Root biennial. Stem a foot and a half high, very smooth, terete below, quadrangular above, branched towards the summit. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, obscurely 3-nerved. Flowers very large, terminating the branches, which are naked towards the top. Calyx quadrangular, 4-cleftj more than half as long as
r,ENTTANA. PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 289
the corolla ; 2 of the segments large, ovate, acute ; the others linear-lanceolate. Corolla blue ; segments ovate, erect, beau- tifully fringed at the tup and upper part of the sides; interior folds wanting ; tube wiih 4 biovvn glandular spots at the base. Anthers distinct, oblong, incumbent, yellow. Gtrmen attenuated into a short slyle ; stigmas large, suborbicular, compressed, erect ? Ca/isule oblong, on a short pec'icel ; valves membra- naceous. Seeds oblong, brown, very, hispid. iIab. In wet open meadows. October— November.
This species differs remarkdbly, in several respects, from the precedingv. It belongs to tlie genus GentiankllaI oi B or k' Hansen. Linn x u s considered it a variety of G. cUiata.
191. CUSCUtA. t.
Valyx 4 — 5-cleft. Corolla 4 — 5-cleft, subcampanu- Sate, marcescent. Capsule 2-celltd, opening ail round transversely; cells 2-seeded. den. pi 121, Nutt, Gen. II. Supp. Juss. p. 135. Lam. III. t. 88. f. 3. Roem. '^ Schiilt. Gen. 1119. Nat. Ord» CoNvoLVULi Jiiss. Leafless, twining, parasitic herbs; stamens sometimes only 4; embryo spiral.
Dodder^
1. C. americana L. : flowers pedunculate, umbellate, 5> cleft; stigmas capitate ; corolla tubular-carnpanulate, with the border small and spreading. Willd, Spec. I. p. 702. M i c :-. I I. I. p. 1 75. Pursh FL 1. p. 1 1 6. B i g. Bost. p. G4. Elliott Sk. I. p. 220. V/alt. Car. p. ]09o Rocm. & Schult. VI. p. 201.
Annual. Stems filiform, orange-coloured, twining rovmd the stem of herbs and small shrubs, or loosely hanging from one plant to another. Flowers in dense umbellate clusters. Calyx with very obtuse segment?. Petals small, nearly white- Sta- mens 5, with 5 fringed scales at the base ; filaments subulate ; anthers roundish, 2-ceiled. Styles 2, erect, subulate. Cafi- nule ovate, 2 — 3-seeded. Seeds roundish, hollowed on one side ; embryo spiral.
Hab. In low grounds. June — August.
A common parasite oi; Lycopus eurofiaus. Like the rest of its genus, it fi^st springs from the earth, but afterwards at- taches itself to other plants, and becomes parasitic, drawing its substance from them alone, by means of its lateral roots.
f Gentianella. Cal. 4-fidus. toroUa liypocrateriformis, 4.fida absque psrapetalis, fund- -ectarifero poris 4. Stam.4:\ antheris supra stigcna con- iiiventibr.3^ Gamen subpf'diceilattim obsokte tetrsgonum, sUj^iiiiiU latiu- scula revoluto. Ccj"'*- dehiscens, angul is obtusis, seminibns 4.fariam dis- n.,siti3. Borkhuusen.
37
290 PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. cuscuta.
2. C. ew-opcca L, ; flowers sessile ; corolla 4 — 5-cleft, without scales at the base of the stamens ; stigmas simple. Willd. Spec. I. p. 702. Smitk Fl. Brit. I. p. 280. Eng, 5of, t. 378. Jtf wA/. Ca/. p. 47. Ro em, ^ S chuluVh p. 199.
Annual. Stems filiform, reel, climbing. Floivers pale yellow, with a tinge of red, mostly 4-cleft. Corolla campanulate. Stame?ia 4 — 5. Styles divaricate.
Hab. Parasitic on flax, 8cc. Near Albany, New-York. L. C. Beck. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. July.
192* HEUCHERA. L.
Cfl/yx' 5-cleft. Petals 5, small, inserted into the margin of the calyx. Capsule birostrate, 2-celled, manv-seeded. Gen. pL 447. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 174, Juss. p. 308. Lam. Hi. t. CLXXXIV. Roem. ^ Schult* Gen. 1130» Nat. Ord. Saxifragje Jti s s. Mum-root,
1 . H. americana L. : viscidly pubescent ; scape and leaves a little scabrous ; leaves with rounded lobes, dentate ; teeth dilated, obtuse, mucronate ; panicle dichotomous ; calyx short, obtuse ; petals lanceolate, as long as the calyx. Willd. Spec. \. p. 13^. Elliott Sk. I. p. 337. Muhl, Ca/. p. 29. Walt. Car. ^.\\\. R o em. ^ S chul t.W. p. 215. H. Cortusa Mich. FL I. p. 171. H. viscida Pursh Fl.].p.]S7» Gro n. Virg. 29. Sanicula s. Cor- tusa americana. P luk. Jilm* t. 58. f. 3. Anonyma Mitellae aflinis. Cold, Noveh. 48.
Root perennial. Leaves all radical, on very long pubescent pe- tioles, round-cordate, about 3 inches in diameter, somewhat hispidly pilose, about 7-lobed ; the lobes with dilated mucro- nate teeth. Scafie naked, 2 — 3 feet long. Panicle or thyrsus elongated ; branches and pedicels at length much divaricate, bracteate at the divisions. Capsule subturbinate, 10-striate; segments ovate, very obtuse. Petals minute, spathulate, pur- ple, inserted into the inner margin of the calyx, between its segments. Filaments as long again as the petals, inserted op- posite the segments of the calyx, persistent ; anthers saffron- coloured, cordate, 2-celled. Styles 2, filiform, persistent; stigmas simple. Capsule 1 -celled, ovate, acuminate, opening between the beaks. Seeds minute, oblong, black, very hispid.
Hab. In shady rocky situations. June — July. Alum-root.
2. H. pubescens Ph. : pulverulent-pubescent ; scape smooth below ; leaves somewhat acutely lobed, smooth be- neath, toothed ; teeth rounded, mucronate; peduncles short.
HEUCHERA. PENTANDR[A. DIGYNIA. 291
with crowded flowers ; calyx large, campanulate ; petals longer than the calyx ; stamens scarcely exserted. Pursh F/. l.p. 187. Roem. <^ Sehuit. YU^.216. H. gran- dijlora R af. MS.
Leaves on long, nearly smooth petioles, about 7-lobed, pilose-ci- liate on tlie nnari^iii ; lobes rounded, with broad mucronate teeth. Sca/ie about 2 feet lung, with one or two small leaves> scabrous-pulverulent above ; branches few-flowered, with su- bulate bracts at the base. Calyx ovate-campanulate ; seg- ments oblong, rather acute. Petals spathulate, attenuate at the base, (pale red, with yellow. Ph.) Stamens about as long as the petals. Styles exserted.
Hab. On the Blue Mountains of Pennsylvania and Virginia^ Pursh. On the Alleghany Mountains, Maryland. R a« finesqu e.
In the specimen sent me hy Mr. Rafinesqucy there were two small leaves on the scape, but I know not whether this character be constant.
193. PANAX. L,
Polygamous. Flowers in a simple umbel. Per- PECT. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5. Style 2—3. Berry subcordate, 2-— 3-seeded. Staminiferous, Calyx entire. Gen. pi. 1604. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 175. Juss.\i.2\^. L a m. III. t. 860. f, I. Roenu Ss? Schult. Gen. 1 127. Nat. Ord. Ar a l liE Ju s s.
1. p. trifolium L. : leaves ternate ; leaflets subsessile : styles 3; berry tricoccous ; root globose. Willd. Spec IV. p. 1124. Mieh. Fl. 11. p. 256. Pursh FL I. p. 191. Roem. ^' Schult. VI. p. 212. P. pusilla Bot. Mag. t. 1334. P. foliis ternis ternalis, G r on. Virg. 35. P Luk. Mant, t. 435. f. 7. Cold. Koveb. 52.
Root a round tuber, about as large as a hazel-nut. Stem 4 — 8 inches high, simple, smooth, divided at the top into 3 petioles about an inch in length. Leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acutelj serrate, very smooth and shining. Peduncle longer than the leaves. Umbel of the perfect flowers 4 — 8-rayed ; rays about one-fourth of an inch long. Involucrum 3 — 4-leaved ; leaves subulate, shorter than the rays. Calyx minute, with 5 rather acute teeth. Petals 0 I Styles 3, diverging; stigmas simple. Berry green, obtusely triangular, 3-celled, S-seeded. Seedfi cordate, acute, comr>ressed on one side. Staminifekous. Peduncle longer. Umbel many-flowered (15 — 20) -^ pedicels about 4 lines long, filiform. Calyx turbinate, ohsoletely 5- toothed. Petals minute, oblong, obtuse, white. SlarAens 5, a little longer than the corolla j Jilamenta inserted into the calyx ; anthers roundish, 2-ceUed. Styles obsolete.
293 PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. panax.
JIab. In moist shady woods, among decaying leaves. April- May. "
2. P. quinquefolium L. : leaves in threes ; leaflets quin- ate, petiolate ; peduncles shorter than the petioles ; root fusi- form. Willd, Spec. IV. p. 11 24. Woo d v. Med. Bot. t. 99. J5of. ./Hag. t. 1333. Jl/ ? c A. /V. 11. p. 256. Pursh FL 1. p. 191. Big. Med. BoL 111. p. 82. t. 29. IVrilt. Car. p. 153. Roem. i^ Schult, VI. p. 211.
Soo( 3 — 6 inclies long, whitish, transversely wrinUled. Siev:,, a foot high, angular and sulcate. Common fietioles about 4 inches long, spreading; partial ones unequal; those of the ter- minal leaflets nearly an inch in length ; leaflets obovate-lanceo- late, 3 — 6 inches long, acuminate, of a thin and membranace- ous texture ; margin acutely serrate. Peduncle erect, scarcely more than half as long as the leaves. Umbel S—l 6-flowered i micidle flowers frequently abortive ; /lef/Zcf/s half an inchJ9ng. Leaves of the involucrum short, subulate.**'PSiFECT.'*'Ca/ya" with 5 ovate rather acute teeth. Petals greenish, oblong, very obtuse, deciduous. Stamens a little exserted. Styles 2, re- curved. Bcrryi renjform, compressed, bright scarlet, ^eeds 2, semicircular.
Hab. On mountains ; ■ rare. Canada to Carolina. July. 1 have not found this plant nearer New-York than the Highlands. It occurs on the Fishkill Mountains, sparingly.
This is the celebrated Ginseng of the ChinesCo It is also a native of Tartary.
194. ATRIPLEX. L,
Polygamous. Perfect Fl. Cahjx 5-partec1, in- ferior. Corolla 0. Stamens 5. Style 2-parted. Fnii$ depressed. Pistilliferous Fl. G//?at 2-partedo Stamens 0. " Frnit compressed. Seed vertical. Gen. pi. 1577. R. Broxvn Prod. I. p. 406. Nutt. 6V;z, i. p. 197. Juss. p. 85. Lam. III. t. DCCCLIIL Roejn.^Schutt. Gen. 1 149. Nat. Ord. A t r i - VLiczsJuss. CiiEyiopoDEJE. D_e Ca?ul. Orache.
1, A, honensis L. : stem erect, herbareaus ; leaves tri- angular, dentate, green on both sides ; fructiferous calyx of the fruit ovate, reticulate, entire. IV i lid. Spec. IV. p. 961. M u h I. Cat. p. 1 00. iloem, 4' Schul I. VI. p. 28S.
Root annual. Stem 3—4 feet high, smooth, branched, green, obtusely angular. Leaves alternate, 2 — -3 inches long, of a uniform colour on both sides. Flowers green, in terminal in- ierrupied racemes or spikes.
Atuiplex. PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 293
Hab. In cullivated grounds and waste places ; rare. July — Au- gust. Introduced from Europe.
2. A. arenaria Kult.: stem herbaceous, spreading; leaves oblong-ovate, subsessile, silvery-mealy beneath, very entire; upper ones acute or acuminate ; fructiferous calyx rnuricate, dentate, retuse. N uit. Gen. I. p. 198.
Hoot annual. Sietn about a foot high, very much branched, and often procumbent, covered with a silvery mealiness. Leaves about an inch long, pale green above, silvery white beneath. ; the lower ones very obtuse or reiuse. Perfect /lowers m )sily in terminal glomerate spikes. PistilUferous jioiuers crowded, axillary. Calyx very broad, rugose, retuse, 3-lobed ; the mid- dle lobe acute, entire ; lateral ones 2 — 3-toothed. Seed lenti- cular, vertical, crowned with the persistent styles.
Hab. On the sea-coast of Long-Island and of New-Jersey; abundant. August—September.
Scarcely distinct from A. Jiedunculata of Europe.
.3. A. lacimaia P. amerkana* : stem herbaceous, diffuse ; {eaves triangular-hastate, deeply toothed, glaucous, a little pulverulent; perfect flowers tetrandrous ; fructiferous calyx i'homboid, acute, entire. A. laciniata Pursh FL I. p. 199. M u h I. Cat. p. 100. Walt. Car. p. 252.
Jloot annual. Stem sometimes erect, but generally procumbent, much branched, subangular and sulcate. Leaves about 2 inches long, petiolate, of a gray colour, and somewhat mealy on both surfaces, acute at the base, with the lowest tooth on each side produced into lobes; upper leaves lanceolate and entire, or simply hastate, without teeth. Perfect and fiis'.illi- ferous foivers intermixed, in terminal and axillary glomerate racerpes. Stamens 4. Fructferous calyx broad-rhomboid, sometimes denticulate towards the base, pulverulent.
Hab. In salt marshes, and on the sea-coast ; common. August.
This species is nearly allied to A. Itastata^ particularly as
represented in FL Danica t. 1286. The latter, however, has
' the calyx of the fruit sinuately toothed, and is, \ believe, not a piaritime species,
4. A. patutit L, : stem herbaceous, sprcadi.ng ; leaves tri- fingular-bastate, smooth above, irregularly toothed : the up- per ones entire ; fructiferous calyx subinuricHle on the side^. Willd. Spec. IV. p. 964. Smith FL Brit. HI. p. ^091. Eng. Bot. t. 936. Muhl. Cat, p. 100, Roem. ^■ SchiilL VI. p. 286.
Hab. In New-York, August, ^^^i /i I c n b e y g.
I insert this plant on the authority of Muhlenberg^ though I suspect it to be the same as the preceding.
5, A. Halbnu$ L, .- stem frutescent ; lej^vcs alternate and
294 PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. atriplex.
opposite, oblonsi-subrhornboid, very entire, Willd. Spec, IV. p. 557. MuhL Cat, p. 100, Roem.^SchulL VI. p. 276.
Hab- In New- Jersey. Muhlenberg.
P iLrsh remarks that he never saw this plant growing wild in North-America.
195. CHENOPODIUM. L,
Calyx 5-parted, obtusely pentangular. Corolla 0. S^yle deeply bifid. Seed lenticular, horizontal, partly covered bv the closing calyx. Gen. pi. 435. Nutt, Gen, I. p.' 198. Juss. p. 85. Lam. Ill, t. 181. Roem. 'd* Schult, Gen. 1139. Nat. Ord. Atri- VLicES Juss, Ckenopode^ De Cand, Goose- foot,
1. C. Bonus Henricus L. : leaves triangular-hastate, ver\ entire ; spikes compound, terminal and axillary, erect, leafless. Wi 1 1 d. Spec. I. p. 1 299. SmitkFl. Brit. I. p. S72, Eng. Bot. t. 1033. P ur s h Fl. \. \>. Id7, Muh L Cat, p. 28. R 0 em. <^ Schult. VI. p. 252.
P.oot perennial. Stem about a foot high, branched below, striate; a little pulverulent. Leaves alternate, large, dark green, somewhat sagittate. S/ii/ces pedunculate. Flowers green, polygamous ; perfect and pistilliferous intermixed. Style 2— 3- cleft. Kab. In New- York and Maryland. June. Mu h I en b erg.
Good King Henry, I have never seen North-American specimens of this plant. It is comm.on in Europe.
1,Z, rhoml'ifolmm M uhL: leaves triangular-rhombic, acute, repandly -toothed; racemes axillary, erect, leafless; bracts minute, inflexed. IV Hid. Enum. Hort, Berol, I. po ^89. Muhl,Cat,p,2^. R oem. <^^ Schul t. Vl. T^. 25Q
i?oor annual. Leaves acutely toothed; upper ones lanceolate,, toothed, cuneate at the base. Racemes simple, shorter than the petioles. Wi lid.
Hab. In Pennsylvania. June. Muhlenberg,
Resembles C. mura/f, but differs in the infiorcGcen^e and form of the leaves.
3. C. album L, : leaves rhomboid-ovate, erose, entire at the base ; upper ones oblong, very entire ; racemes branched^ somewhat leafy ; seed smooth. Willd. Spec I. p. 1302. Eag. Bot. t. nrS, Pursh
cHENOPODiuM. PENTANDRIA. DIGYNTA. 295
FL I. p. 198. B i g. Bost. p. 65, Elliott SL I. p. 330, Roem.^ Schult,\\. ^. 237*
Root annual. Stem erect, 2 — 4 feet high, green, angular. Leavss covered with a whitish mealiness, unequally toothed. Ra- cemes with few branches, conglomerate. Seed very smooth.
Hab. In cultivated grounds, waste places, Sec. July — Sep- tember. A very common weed, which has been introduced from Europe. Lambs-quarters^,
jS. viride Ph.: leaves greener and more entire ; racemes more branched, a little leafy. C. viride Willd. Spec. I. p. 1303.
Hab. With the preceding, of which it is certainly a mere va- riety.
4. C. hyhridum L. : leaves ovate-cordate, acuminate, an= gtilarly toothed; racemes axillary, paniculate, divaricate, leafless. Willd. Spec. L p. 1303* Smith FL Brit. I. p. 278. Eng. Bot. t* 1919. Pursh Fl.l.^. 198. Big» Bost. p. 66. Roem. ir Schult, VI. p. 259.
Root annual. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, angular and striate. Leaves
large, nearly smooth, bright green, with large unequal teeth.
Racemes much branched, subcymose. Hab. In waste places, and on road sides. July — August. Ndt
uncommon near the city of New-York, as at Brooklyn. Near
Newark, New-Jersey, Sec. Introduced.
5. C. ruhrum L, : leaves rhomboid-triangular, deeply toothed and sinuate ; racemes erect, compound, leafy.
Willd. Spec. I. p. 1300. Smith FL Brit. I. p. 274. £?jg-. JBof. p.'66. Roem. ^ Schult. VI. p. 253.
Root annual. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, erect, reddish. Leaves large, dark green, a little shining, with large unequal teeth, acute at the base. Racemes longer than the petioles, much compound, interspersed with small leaves j glomerules minute. Seeds very small.
Hab. In waste places. In the vicinity of New-York ; rare. Near Williamstown, Massachusetts. Dewey. In the neigh^ bourhood of Boston. Bigelonv. Also in many other parts of New-England. Probably introduced.
6. C. ambrosioides L,: leaves lanceolate, remotely tooth- ed ; racemes simple, axillary, leafy. Willd. Spec,}.^. 1304. Pursh FL I. p. 1 98. Elliott Sk. J. p. 330, Roem.^ Schult. VI. p. 260.
Root annual. St^m 1 — 2 feet high, much branched, often dif- fuse, green, a little pubescent. Leaves an inch and a half long, on short petioles, acute at the base, with rather distant teeth j
QDC , ' I'ENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. cftENOPCDnJii*,
lippci' ones almost linear. S/iikea 2 inches long, erect. Flowers^
IIah. In waste places, along road sides. Very abundant m the. ' suburbs of New-York. August— October.
This plant has a strong and rather pleasant scent.
7. C. Botrys L. .* leaves oblong, sinuate ; racemes naked, much divided. W ill d. Spec. I. p. 259. Pursh FL I. p, 19«. Big. Bost.'p.GQ). Elliott Sk, I. ^» 330. Roem. ^ Schult. VI. p. 259.
Hoot annual. Stem about a foot high, branched, pubescent, and a little viscid. Leaves petiolate, 2 inches long, deeply siuuate, with the segments toothed. Racemes paniculate, very large, branches somewhat secund. Flowers distinct on very short pedicels. Seeds minute, smooth, not shining.
Hab. In sandy waste places; very common. August — Sep- tember. Sweet scented. Jerusalan Oak,
8< C. anlhelminlicum L. : perennial ; leaves oblong-lan- ceolate, toothed ; spikes long, interrupted, leafless ; style .3- cleft. M^i 1 1 d. Spec. I. p. 1 304. M i c h. FL I. p. 1 73. P Mr,-? A F/. I. p. 198. Elliott SkA.^.33\. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. II. t. 44. Wa 1 1, Car. p. 1 1 ; . Roem.i>- Schult. VI. p. 261,
Stem a foot and a Jialf, or 2 feet high, erect, much branched, often of a reddish colour, sulcate. Leaves nearly sessile, sprinkled with re?inous atoms beneath, toothed, and somewhat sinuate. Racemes long, slender, axillary and terminal.
Hab. In sandy fields ; rare near New-York. In Pennsylva- nia and New-Jersey. Muhlenberg. Near Philadelphia, Bar t on. September. IVorm-seed.
A much rarer species than the preceding, with which it is often confounded. The Wortn-seed has a very strong and dis- agreeable smell. It is a celebrated vermifuge^
9. C. glaucum L. : leaves oblong, repand, glaucous be- neath ; spikes simple, naked, glomerate, axillary and ter- minal. fVilUh Spec. I. p. 1305. Smith Fl. Brit. I. p. "111. Eng. Bot. t. 1454. MnkL Cat. p. 2G. Roem. 4" Schult. VI. p. 2G2.
7^00^; annual. Stc?ns diffuse, thick. I^eavcs oblong, and ovate- oblong, rather obtuse, sinuate-repand, nearly uniform, green above, glaucous beneath. Racemes short, glomerate, lobed- leafless. ASeer/* with excavated punctures. Smith.. Hau. In New-York. Mu hlenbe r g.
I have seen no North-American specimens of this plant. Perhaps, like most of our species of this genus, it is merely naturalized.
10- C. mariiimum L.: leaves linear, fleshy, scmicylindri-
CHENOPODiuM. PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 297
cal ; flowers axillary, glomerate. Willd. Spec. i. p, 1307, Smith Fl. Brit. I. p. 278. Eng. Bot. t. 633. Pursk i"/. I. p. 198. fValt.Car.ip.il], R o em. ^ S chult. VI. p. 272. Sw^^ohx salsa Mich. FLl.-^. n A. Pursh FL I. p. 197. S. salsa /3. americana P ers. Si/n, I. p. 296. S. linearis Elliott 5/t. I. p. 232.
Root annual. Scetn a foot and a half, or two feet high, with short erect branches. Leaves alternate, sessile, about three-fourths of an inch long, very acute. Flowers in small axillary glom- erules. Calyx succulent ; segments rounded, concave. Stigmas 2, simple. Seed lenticular, black, shining, covered with a thin pellicle (utriculus R. Brow nj, distinctly spiral.
Hab. In salt marshes ; con\mon. August — St-piember.
The Noith-American plant scarcely differs in any respect from the European, with which I have carefully compared it. I suspect this is the C. tenuifolium of Muhlenberg^* Catalogue, p. 28.
196. SALSOLA. L.
Cahjx 5 -parted. Corolla 0. Style bifid. Seed 1, horizontal, covered by the connivent calyx. Embryo cochleate. Gen. pi. 437. JVutt. Gen. I. p. 199. Juss. p. 85. Lam. III. t. CLXXXI. Roe7n. 5^ Schult. Gen. 1134. Nat. Ord. Atriplices Juss. CuE-a ovOT) E.j£. De Cancl. Seed with a single in- tegument. It Brow n. Salt-wort.
i.S.Kali L. : herbaceous, decumbent; leaves subu- late, canaliculate, spinose; flowers axillary, solitary; fruc- tiferous calyx with a scarious margin. fVi lid. Spec. I. p. 1310. Smith Fl. Brit. I. p. 280. Eng. Bot. t. 634. Pursh Fl. I. p. 197. Roem. Si Schult. VI. p. 225.
Root annual. Stem much branched, very diffuse, pubescent. Leaves alternate, spreading, terminating in a sharp spine. Flowers succulent, sessile, with 3 bracts at the base. Seg- ments of the calyjc unequal, ovate, acuminate, with a dilated membranaceous base, which is horizontally extended over the seed. Stamens 5;Jilamenls longer than the calyx ; anthers roundish, purple. Styles 2, as long as the stamens, pubes- cent ; stigmas simple. Seed enclosed in a membranaceous covering. Embryo spiral.
Had. On the sea-coast. Abundant on Long-Island and in New- Jersey. August — September.
/3. caroliniana J^utt.: leaves dilated; calyx with a broader margin ; stem smooth. J^utt. Gen, 1. p. 199. S. 38
298 PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. SAtssLAi
carolmiayia Walt. Car. p. 11). Mich, Fl. I. p. 174. Big. Bosl. p. 65. Elliott Sk. I. p. 331-
Stem generally smooth. Leaves terete; those near the flowcKS much dilated at the base, and amplexicaul. Calyx much de- pressed ; margin membranaceous, reddish and veined.
IIab. In sandy fields and waste places in the suburbs of New- York ; also on tlie sea-coast.
The S. caroliniajia of Wa Iter is doubtless only a variety of S. Kali, The latter, as ii occurs on the sea-coast, cannot be distinguished from the European plant. The variety /3. resembles S. rosacea.
2. S. Tragus L.: herbaceous, spreading, smooth ; leaves subulate, flesliy, mucronate-spinous ; flowers subsolitary; calyx subovate ; margin flattened, discoloured. Willd, iS/?rc. I. p. 131 1. 3/ « A/. Cat. p. 28. R o em. h S chult.
VI. p. 226.
Hab. In Maryland and New-Jersey. July. Muhlenberg. I insert this species with some hesitation, as I suspect Mu h- le 71 berg's plant is only S. Kali.
3. S. Soda L. : lierbaceous, smooth ; branches ascend- ing ; leaves semiterete, rather acute; fructiferous calyx transversely carinate in the middle, somewhat membranace- ous. Willd. Spec. I. p. 1311. J acq. H art. Find. t. 68^ M u h I. Cat. p. 28. Roem. <^ Schult. Vl.Tp. 236.
Hajj. In New-York. Muhlenberg, -f
197. ULMUS. L.
Cahjx campanulate, 4 — 5 -cleft. Corolla 0. Samara compressed, with a broad membranaceous border. Gen. pi. 443. Nutt. Gen. 201. Juss. p. 408. Lam. ///. t. CLXXXV. Roem. ^ Scliult. Gen.
1147. Nat. Ord. AMENTACEiE Ju&S. ULMACEiE
Mi rbel. Stamens 4 — 8. Elm.
U. americana L. : branches smooth ; leaves somewhat doubly serrate, unequal at the base ; serratures uncinately acuminate; flowers pedicellate; fruit fimbriate. Willd. Spec. I. p. 1 325. M i c h. Fl. I. p. 1 72. Purs h FL I. p. 199. Big. Bost. p.GQ. Elliott Sk.l.n. 33S. Mich. Fl. Jrb. ][]. ^. 2G9. Walt. Car. ^.\]U Roem.&Z Schult. VI. p. 300. U. americana Cold. Noveb. 1.
A large tree, with long recuryed branches. Leaves, altei-nate,
ULMus. PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 29i*
ovate, petiolate, acuminate, scabrous above, pubescent beneath. Flowers appearing before the leaves, in loose lateral fascicles. Calyx purplish-red ; sei;ments rounded, villous. Stamens 5 — 8, exserted ; filaments subulate ; anthers purple. Style 2, short, reflexed. Samara oval, half an inch long, reticulate ; margin with a dense villous fringe. Hab. in woods; common. April. Common Elm. IVliite Elm.
2. V.fulva Mich.: leaves oval-oblong, much acumin- ate, pubescent on both sides ; buds tomentose ; flowers ses- sile. Mich. Fl. I. p. 172. Pursh FL 1. p. 200. E l- liott Sk,\, p. 333. Roem. ^V Schult. W.ip. 30\. U. aspera M u h I. Cat. p. 28. U. rubra Mich. fl. Arb. III. p. 278. t. 6.
A tree 20 — 25 feet highj buds covered with a dense fulvous wool. Leaves sometimes a little cordate at the base ; nerves beneath tomentose along the midrib. Floivers conglomerate, 10 — 15 in each head, on very short pedicels. Segments of the calyx very obtuse, ciliate with brown hairs. Stamens gene- rally 7 ; filaments twice as long as the calyx ; anthers 2-cell- ed, dark purple. Styles 2 ; stigmas glandular-pubescent, purple. Samara suborbicular, pubescent.
Hab. On rocky hills. Hoboken, New-Jersey, &c. April.
Sli/i/iery Elm. Red Elm.
3. U. nemoralis Ai t. : leaves oblong, somewhat smooth, equally serrate, nearly equal at the base ; flowers sessile. ^ i t, Kew. I. p. 319. Pursh Fl.L p. 200.
Hab. On the banks of rivers. New-England to Virginia. Pursh. +
This species is referred, by Roejne r iff Sc hull e s, on the authority of Smi t A, to Planera Richardi of Mich au x. As, however, the plant is not well known, I have concluded to let it remain in the genus where it was placed by Ait on. I have specimens of an Ulmus from North-Carolina, sent to me by Mr. S c hw einit z, under the name of U. nemoralis, which agree very well with Alton's description, but not with that of Mich aux. The fruit being wanting, I cannot determine satisfactorily whether it hz a species of Ulmus or of Planera,
198. CELTIS. L.
Polygamous. Perfect Fl. Ca/yx inferior, 5-part- ed. CorollaO. *SV///tf 6- thick, divaricate. ZJ/'w/Jd-l -seeded. Staminiferous, CabjX 6-parted. Stamens 6. Gen. pi 1591. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 202. .Tu s s. p. 403. Lam. Ill, t. DCCCLXXXIV. Eoem. ^
300 PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. celtis.
Schult. Gen. 850. Nat. Ord. Amentace^ /?^5^.
Ul M A c EiE Mi rbel? Nettle-tree. Hack-berry. 1. C. occidental^ L. : leaves ovate, acuminate, equally serrate, unequal at the base, scabrous above, pubescent be- neath ; flowers subsolitary. IV ill d. Spec. IV. p. 994. Duham. Arb. 1. t. 53. Mich. F/. II. p. 249. Pursh FL I. p. 200. Elliott Sk. I. p. 335. M i c h, fil. Jrh. III. p. 45. t. 9. Walt. Car. }^.'25Q. R o em. ir S c hull. VI. p. 307.
A middle-sized tree. Leaves alternate, 3 — 4 inches long, petio- late, niuch acuminate, very unequal, and a little cordate at the base ; serratures acuminate and uncinate. Flowers small, ap- pearing before the leaves are expanded, axillary ; lower ones often ill threes; upper ones solitary; fiedicels longer than the ptdoles. Calyx greenish-white ; segments ovate, obtuse. Stamens rather shorter than the calyx. Anthers oblong, 2- celled. Styles (stigmas ?) much exserted, thick, spreading and incurved, glandular. Drufie nearly globular, obscure- purple ; pulp thin, sweet. jVut hard, 1 -seeded.
Hab. In woods, particularly in rocky situations on the banks of rivers. May. Beaver-wood. Hoo/i-as/i.
Mi c h au X the younger, thinks this tree is not found north of the Connecticut River.
2. C. crassifolia Lam,: leaves ovate, acuminate, un- equally serrate, subcoriaceous, scabrous on both sides, unequal at the base ; peduncles mostly 2-flowered. Lam. Enc. IV. p. 138. Willd. Spex.W.^.^'db. P ur s h FL I. p. ^00, Mxch. fil. Arb. III. p. 47. t. 9. R o em. ir S c hu 1 1. VI. p. 307. C. cordifolia Duham. Arb. II. t. 9.
A smaller tree than the preceding.
Hab. On the banks of the Delaware, above Philadelphia, which appears to be its north-eastern limit. Mi c li. Haclc-berry. Scarcely distinct from C. occidentalis.
3. C. pumila Ph. : leaves ovate, acuminate, equally ser- rate, unequal at the base, smoothish on both side? ; the younfjer ones only pubescent; peduncles mostly 3-flowered ; fruit solitary. P ur s h Fl. \. p. '200. R o em. ^ S c hu 1 1. VI. p. 307. C. occidentalis ^. pumila M u h I. Cat. p. 100 ?
A low bush, flowering at the height of 2 feet. Leaves nearly as broad as long, occasionally without serratures, often cordate- ovate, very little acuminate, and almost perfectly smooth on both sides. Berries solitary, brown and glaucous. JSfu 1 1.
Hab. On the banks of rivers. Maryland and Virginia. Pursti.
199. ERYNGIUM. L. Flowers capitate. Receptacle paleaceous. Lwo-
ERiNGiuM. PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 301
lucrum many- leaved, subspinous. Petals inflexed. Spreng. inRoem. £s? Schult. Gen, 1156.
1. E. aquaiicum J ac q. : leaves linear-lanceolate, rennote- iy ciliate-spinous ; inferior ones ensiform ; those of the flowers lanceolate, dentate ; involucrum shorter than the globose ca- pitulunn, entire, as are also the scales of the receptacle ; stem subdichotomous. Spreng. inRoem. <^ S c hu 1 1. Yl.ip, .i\6. fVilld. Sped. p. 1357. Lam. Enc. IV. p. 758. Pers. Si^7i. I. p. 300. P ur s h Fl. I. p. 139. Elliott Sk. I. 142. E. yuccifolimn M i c h. FL I. p. 1 64.
Root perennial, tuberous, abrupt. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, fistulous, sulcata, trichotomous at the summit. Leaves a foot and a half long, and one inch broad, with a long sharp point ; nerves pa- rallel ; margin armed with slender soft spines at the distance of about every half inch. Heads of flowers terminating the branches, ovate, nearly an inch in diameter. Foliaceous bracts or universal involucrum ovate, acuminate, connate, dentate. Calyx minute, 5-toothed. Corolla white or pale blue ; fietals inflexed. 5ri/Zes long, diverging, smooth ; sn,§-;nas simple.
Hab. In New-Jersey ?
2. E. virginianum La m. : leaves long-lanceolate, ser- rate ; involucrum longer than the heads ; chaff tricuspidate. L a m. Enc. IV. p. 759. D e/aroch. Eryng. t. 19. P e rs. Syn. 1. p. 300. P ursh FL I. p. 189. Elliott Sk. I. p. 343. Roem. ^Schult. Vl. p. 327. E. aquaiicum Mich. F I. I. p. 300.
Root perennial, (biennial, Muh I.) tuberous, abrupt. Stem 3 — i feet high, branched above, smooth, striate. Leaves about 6 inches long, tapering at each end, with the nerves branched ; margin acutely serrate. Heads numerous, in large terminal umbels or corymbs. Leaflets of the involucrum pale beneath, laciniate ; segments cuspidate. Chaff 3-cleft. Corolla nearly white or pale blue. Fruit paleaceous-hispid.
Hab. In New-Jersey. 71/u a /<?n a er^-. On the shores of the Delaware and Schuylkill, near Philadelphia, Barton.
3. E. virgatum L a m. : leaves spathulate-ovate, irregu- larly toothed; leaflets of the involucrum linear, longer than the globose heads; chaff tricuspidate. Lam. Enc. IV. p. 757. Delaroch. Ery7ig. t. 20. Pursh fV. I.p. 189. Roem. ^ Schnlt. VI. p. 327. E. ovalifolium Mich, F/. I. p. 163. £ / / i 0 U 6A:. I. p. 343.
Root perennial ? Stem 2 — 3 feet high, subtrichotomous towards the summit. Leaves 2 inches long, acutely dentate, some- times a little cordate, the base abruptly narrowed into a short petiole, which embraces the stem. Involucrum about 8-leav-
302 PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. eryngium.
ed ; leaflets with a few subulate teeth. Heads small. Teeth of the ca/j'jr ovate, acute. Petals pale blue, inflexed. :yAB. In New-Jersey. Muhlenb erg.
I have seen no northern specimens of this species.
200. SANICULA. L.
Umbels nearly simple, capitate. Involucrum few- leaved. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-parted, per- sistent. Fruit oblong, solid, not ribbed, armed with uncinate bristles. lioem.^Schult. Gen. 1160. NutU Gen. I. p. 178, Lam. Ill t. 191. Perfect flowers sessile. Sanicle,
S. marilandica L. : leaves all digitate ; leaflets oblong, incise]}' serrate ; staininiferous flowers numerous, pedicellate. W il I d. Spec. I. p. \SG7, M ic h. FL I. ^. l62. Pursh F/. I. p. 191. jB ?>. Bos<. p. 67. Elliott Sk. I. i^.SAZ. Walt, Car. p. U3. Roem. ^ Schult. VI. p. 340o Co/d. Noveb. 53.
Root perennial, fibrous. Stetn erect, 2 feet high, branched above, smooth Leaves 3-parted to the base} segments 2 — 3-parted; lobes obiong-lanceolate; serratures cuspidate. Flowers in small capitulate umbels; perfect ones 3 — 5, sessile ; stamini- ferous (jnes more numerous, on distinct pedicels. Involucrum many-parted. Corolla white; petals obcordate, inflexed. Fruit armed with hooked bristles.
Hab. In woods and thickets ; common. June — August.
Black Snake-root.
j9. canadensis* : leaves subternate ; leaflets ovate, coarse- ly toothed. S. canadensis L. Willd. Spec. I. p. 1366^ PursA F/. I. p. 191. Muh I. Cat. ^.30. Roem,^ Schult. VI. p. 339.
Hab. Litclifield, Connecticut. Brace, Sec.
I think there can be little doubt that the S. canadensis is only a variety of S. marilandica. It differs merely in its broader and less divided leaflets. The abortive flowers are pe-. dicellate in both.
201. IIYDROCOTYLE. L.
Umbel simple. Fruit with the back and commissure narrow, laterally compressed, siibrotund, 3-ribbed, ge- nerally with reticulate veins. lioem. y Schult, Gen. 1164. Hydrocotyle, Crantzia, and Eri- GENiA, Nutt. Petals oval, acute, eqtial. Fruit not tootlied at the summit, subglobose or lenticular,
BTDROCOTYLE. PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 303
smooth and striate, or costate. Epi^ynuus disk y^Mow ; glandular bifid. ^. Richard fi. in Ann. Gen. des Scienc. Phys. 4. liv. p. 164. Marsh Penny-wort.
1 . H. vulgaris L. : leaves peltate, orbicular, crenate ; umbels capitate, about 5-flowered. Rich. 1. c. p. 1 07. no. 1 . Willd. Spec. I. p. 1360. ,S' mith FL Brit, I. p. 290. Eng. Bot. p. 751. Mich. FL I. ip. 161. P ur s h FL I. p. 190» Roem. <^ Schult.W.Tp. 344. H. intcrrupta MuhL Cat. p. 29. Elliott Sk. I. p. 345.
Root perennial, creeping. Slems terete, glabrous, branching."
Leaves alternate, strictly peltate, glabrous, slightly crenate ;
petioles 2 — 3 inches. S/iikes axillary and opposite the leaves.
I'loioers in spikes, sessile, forming whorls 2 — 3 lines apart.
Calyx a mere elevated line or margin round the summit of
the germen. Coro//c nearly white ; /zera/s lanceolate, Eli. Hab In swamps and overflowed places. Canada to Georgia.
Pur s h.
I suspect this species has not been found so far north as in?
dicated by Pur s h.
2. H. umhellata L. : leaves peltate, crenate, emarginate at the base ; umbel of many pedunculate flowers. Willd, S/jec. 1. p. 1361. Spreng. Umb, Spec, }p. I. t. 1. Pursk FL 1. p. 190. Elliott SA-. I. p. 346. Walt. Car. p. 112. Roem.S^Schult.W. p. 345. H. umbelulata M i c h.. FL I. p. 161, Rich. 1. c. p. 169. no. 4. t. 53. f. 4.
Root perennial, creeping. Stem rooting at the joints. Leaves, subreniform-peltate, obtusely crenate. Umbel on a peduncle longer than the leaves, 20 — 30-flowered ; pedicels about one third of an inch long. Leaflets of the involucrum minute. Corolla white ; fietals ovate. Fruit reniform.
Hab. In Pennsylvania. August. Muhlenberg: Near AI-. bany, New-York. Beck&ud Tracy. June.
3. H. americana L. : smooth ; root tuberous ; leaves re<- niform, somewhat 7-lobed, crenate ; umbels few-flowered, sessile. i2ic A. 1. c. p. 185. no. 19. t. 55. f. 10. Willd. Spec. I. p. 1361. Spreng. Umb. Spec. p. 3. t. 2. f. 3. M ich. FL I. p. 162. Pxirsh FL I. p. 190. Big. BosL p. 67. Elliott Sk.\. p. 3A8. W a I i. Car. p l\3. R o t m, ii Schult. VI. p. 346.
Root perennial. Stem procumbent, filiform, with long creeping suckers. Leaves nearly orbicular, 9-nerved, divided to the pe- tiole at the base, thin and membranaceous. Umbels or glom- erules 4 — 6-flowercd, axillary. Calyx obsolete. Petals green- ish-white, acute. Pruit orbicular.
Hab. In wet shady plate? and in woods. June— August.
304 PENTANDRTA. DIGYNIA. hydrocotyle.
4. [J, ranunculoides L. : leaves somewhat 5-lobed, cordate, crenate-dentate 5 umbels capitate, about 8 — lO-flowered. B ic/i. I. c. p. 195. no. 30. t. 38. f. 18. L. Mnnt. p. 177. Will d. Spec. I , p. 1 363. Sp reng. Umb. p. 2. t, 1 . f. 2, Roem. <^ Schul t. VU, p. 349. H. cymbalarifolia M u h L Cat. p. 29. Elliott Sk. I. p. 346. H. repens flora albo, G r 0 n. Virg. p. 30. Creeping, perennial, glabrous. Leaves nearly circular, rather deeply 3 l(jbed, crenate ; under surface slightly glaucous ; la- teral lobes sometimes notched. Peduncle about an inch long ; Umbel 7 — 10-fluwered; pedicels very short. Ell. Hab. In Pennsylvania. June. Muhlenberg.
5. U. lincata JiJ i c h. : very smooth, creeping; leaves sessile, cuneate-linear, with transverse nerves ; umbels pe- dunculate. i^icA. 1. c. p. 217. no. 54. t. 6G. f. 38. Mich. F/. I. p. 162. Pursh Fl.l. p. 190. E I li o 1 1 Sk. \. ^. 347. H. si7imsis L. Sp. pi. 339? Crantzia lineata N utt. Gen. I. p, 178.
Root perennial. Slem creeping. Leaves about 2 at each joint, an inch and a halt" long, and I — 2 lines broad, erect, succulent, obtuse, marked Vvith 5 transverse nerves or bands, approximat- ing upwards ; longitudinal nerves obsolete. Umbels on pe- duncles longer than the leaves, 8 — 10-flowered ; pedicels 3 — 4 lines long. Invoiucrum 5 — 6-Ieaved ; leaflets lanceolate. Calyx nearly obsolete. Petals roundish-oval, white, with a tinge of red. Styles very short, recurved. Fruit suborbicu- lar ; commisure oblong, depressed.
Hab. On the muddy banks of the Housatonic, near New-Ha- ven, Connecticut; abundant. Ives and Hooker. In a salt marsh near Egg-harbour, New-Jersey. .Yu 1 1 a II. July- August.
Sfir c n ge If ir\ R o e m e r IS" Sch ult e s Syst. Veg. VI. p, 555. refers this plant to H. sinensis (chinensis)^ and they are also considered as synonymous by <Sm i t h. As, however, the Asiatic species is not well known, I shall retain Mi- c haux' s name for our plant until future investigation shall prove it to be not distinct.
6. II. composifa Ph. : root tuberous ; stem simple, 2-leav- ed ; leaves subternate ; leaflets many-cleft ; umbel 3 — 5- ilowercd. Pursh F/. 1. p. 1 90. Roem. ^ Schult. VI. p. 355. H. blp'mnata M uhl. Cut. p. 29. Erigenia bnlbosa .K ti 1 1. Gen. I. p. 1 88, SisoN bulbosum M i c h. Fl. I. p. 169.
Root a round tuber. Stem ascending, about an inch high. Leaf solitary, emitting 2, and sometimes 3 scapes from its sheath, bitcrnately divided ; partitions subternate ; segments rhomboidal, cleft ; ultimate lobes bifid, obtuse, with muiute poHits. Scapes terete, 4 — 5 inches high, terminating in an ir-
HYDROCOTYLE. PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA, 306
regular umbel of 3 or 4 rays, subtended at the base by a ses» sile ternate leaf divided similarly to that of the root. Leaflets of the involucrum simple, entire, linear-oblong. Flowers white, stellately expandingo Petals obovate-oblong, or attenuate downwards, so as to appear unguiculate. Cahjx obsolete, marginal. Staviens longer than the petals ; filaments erect ; anthers oval, deep brown. Styles subulate, persistent, twice the length of the germen ; stigmas obsolete. Germen tur- binate, laterally compressed, truncated above. Seed gibbously convex, marked with 3 curved lines, 2 lateral and 1 dorsal ; the margin of the commissure being inconspicuous, and forming a straight line. JV^u 1 1. Hab. In shady alluvial soils subject to inundation. Near Lan- caster, Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. April.
j\i'u tt all refers to this species the Hydrocottle comfiO" st^aof Pursh Fl. IL p. 732.
202, SISON. L.—Spren^ei.
Fruit ovate, solid, 3-ribbed on the back ; intervals f valleculas J convex ; sides contracted ; raphis exca- vated. Involucrum few -leaved or 0. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen. 1177. Sisonis spp> L, Smyrnii et Thaspii ^/)/>. Niitt., &c. Honey-wort.
\,^. aureus Spreng.: stem nearly simple, snicate ; leaves biternate, shining ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, attenuate at the base, incisely serrate, involui rum 0. R o e m. ^ S c A w / /. VI. p. 410. Smyrnium Gwr^wm L. Willd,Spec, Lp.l468. Mich. Fl.]. p. 171. P m r s A F/. I. p. 196, Elliott Sk. I. p. 359. Walt. Car. p. 114. Thaspium aurtum N ut t. Gen. I. p. 196,
Root perennial. Stem a foot and a half, or 2 feet high, smooth, angular and sulcate. Leaves biternate ; lateral divisions some- times simple, or 2 — 3-parted. Umbel compound ; primary rays unequal, 1 — 2 inches long, deeply sulcate. Partial involu- crum 2 — 3-leaved, minute. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla bright yellow. Fruit elliptic, with 3 winged ribs on the back.
Hab. On rocky hills ; rare. June — July.
2. S. integerrimus Sp r e n g. : stem nearly simple ; leaves bi-triternate, glaucous ; leaflets oval, entire ; umbel with elongated rays ; involucrum 0. R o e m. ($'■ S chul t.W. t^, 410. Smyrnium integtrrmmm L. Willd, Spec. I. p 1468. Mich. Fl.l. p.m. Pursh Fl. I. p. 136. Elliott Sk. I. p. 360. J^utt. Gm. I. p. 105.
Root perennial. Stem a foot and a half high, very smooth. Leaf- lets very entire, mucronate. Rays of the umbel spreading, 39
306 PENTANDRIA. DTGYNIA. sison.
almost filiform, slightly angular. Universal involucrum want- ing; partial ones S-tootlied. Calyx with 5 minute acute teeth. Petals yellow, acuminate, with the apex inflexed. Styles re- curved, longer than the germen. Fruit suborbicular, blackish ; Tibs not winged. Hab. , In meadows and on mountains. June.
3. S. capillaceus Spreng.: leaves decompound, filiform, stem dichotomous, angular; involucrum subpinnalifid. Roem, 4-' S chit 1 1, VL p. 411. Ammi capitlaceum Mich, Fl. I. p. 164. Pursh FL I. p. 192. ^utt. Gen. I. p. 179. Elliott Sfc, i. p. 349. A. majus Walt. Car. p. 113.
Root annual. Stem much branched, deeply sulcate, erect or decumbent, about one foot long. Leaves decompound, with setaceous dichotomous segments, very smooth ; petiole short. Umbels axillary, pedunculate, with spreading rays. Universal involucrum about 3-leaved, S— 5-cleft, setaceous; partial ones of 2 — 3 filiform leaves. Calyx minute, 5-toothed. Petals white, ovate, with acute inflexed points. Stamens as long^ as the corolla ; anthers purple. Styles minute, recurved. Fruit ovate, convex ; ribs rather acute ; intervals convex.
Hab. Ill brackish bog-meadows. Plentiful near New- York, and on the sea-coasi of Long-Island and New-Jersey. Fair- fiekl, New-York. Ha die y. In the vicinity of Philadelphia. Delaware. Mu hlenb er g. July — October.
As I have^jllowed Sp. r e n g e I entirely in the distribution of the Umbellifer^, the Ammi ca/iillaceum is referred, on "his authority, to the genus Sison; but there is not the least resemblance in habit between this plant and the preceding spe- cies. S/irenge I also cites, as a synonym of this plant, his own, as well as J^u 1 1 all* s jEthusa lefitofihylla. The lat- ter, however, Mr. JSTu t tall remarks, is entirely destitute of both universal and partial involucra.
203. CNIDIUM. Cuss on.
Involiicntm l-leaved or 0. Fruit ovate, solid; rids o, acute, somewhat winged ; intervals sulcate, striate. Boem. £s? Sclitilt. Gen. 1179.
1. C. canadmse Spreng.: stem angular, flexuons ; leaves bipinnate, shining; leaflets many-parted; segments lanceolate. Roem. k S chult. VI. p. 415. Selinum ca- 7iadense Mich. FL I. p. 165. Pursh FL I. 192. B i g. Bost: p. 69. Elliott Sk. I. p. 351. Apium bipinnatum Walt. Car. I. p. M5.
Hab. Near the mouths of large rivers, from Canada to Carolina.
CKiDiuwr. PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 307
Pursk. In New-York. Muhlenberg. On Lynn- Beach Island, near Boston. Bige low.
This is an obscure plant to me. Is it a Ligusticum ?
2, C. atropurpureum Sp r eng,: radical leaves subcor- date, simple, serrate ; cauline ones ternate ; leaflets ovate, acute, subcordate ; middle one petiolate ; partial invoiucra dimidiate, 3-leaved. R o em. 8z Sc hull. \L i^. 4in. Smvr- NiUM atropurpureum Lam. E/iC. III. p. 667. Pursh Fl. I. p. 196. Elliott Sk. 1. p. 360, Thaspium alropurpu- reum J^utt. Gen. I. p. 196.
Reoi perennial. Stem 2—3 feet high, smooth, sulcata, dichoto- mously branched. Radical leaves mostly entire, subcordate ; Stem leaves ternate, obtusely serrate, with the middle leaflet 3-lobed or ternate. Umbels opposite the leaves. Universal invoiucrum wanting. Partial umbels dense. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals dark purple, oblong, acuminate, iuflexed at the point. Styles divaricate, as long as the germen. Fruit small, ellipti- cal, with 5 somewhat winged ridges.
HiB. On the rocky banks of rivers. Near Philadelphia^ June.
204. SMYRNIUM. L.—SprengeL
Invoiucrum few-leaved or 0. Fruit solid, ovate ; cortex black, 3-ribbed ; sides contracted from the com- inissure. Mbumen involute. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen, 1183.
S. cordatum W alL: radical leaves simple, cordate, cre- aate ; stem leaves ternate, serrate ; umbels terminal. W alt. Car. p. 113. Mich. F LI. ^. MO. P ur s h FL I. p. Id6. Elliott Sk. I. p. 359. Roem, &l Schult. VI. p. 438. Smyrnium trifolialum N u 1 1. Gen. I. p. 195. Apium folio infimo cordato, Cold. Jsl'oveb. 56.
Root perennial. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, sulcata. Radical leaves round-cordate, on long petioles; stem leaves 3-parted, tri- foliate. Umbels axillary, on long peduncles, 8 — 10-rayed. Partial invoiucra 2 — 3-leaved, Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla yellow. Fruit small, black, 3-ribbed ; margins turgid.
Hab. On rocky hills. Common in New-Jersey, Sec. May- June.
205. CICUTA. L.
Invoiucrum almost wanting. Fruit ovate, solid, 5-ribbed; intervals prommanU Roem. k? Schult. Gen. 1188.
308 PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. cicuta,
1. C. maculata L. : stem spotted ; leaves triternale; leaf- lets subternate, lanceolate, acuminate, mucronately-serrate ; umbels axillary and terminal; partial involucra setaceous, Willd, Spec. I, p.lUQ. F u r s h FL \. p, \95. Big. Bost. p. 70. Ejusd. Med, Bot. 1. p. i25. t. 12. Elliott Sk. I. p, 357, J^utt. Gen. I. p. IdU W al t. Car. 115, Roem.irSchulL VI. p. 453.
Root perennial, large. Stetn 3 — 6 feet high, very smooth, glau- cous, terete, green streaked with purple. Lower leaves tri- ternate and quinate ; upper leaves biternate ; leaflets with very acute serratures. Umbels large, spreading ; rays almost fili- form. Universal involucrum wanting, or rarely of 1 — 2 mi- nute leaves; partial involucra 5 — 6-leaved. Calyx with 5 acme conspicuous teeth. Petals white, obcordate. Stylet long, spreading ; atigmas simple. Fruit flat, subelliptical ; commissure oblong, flat.
Hab. In swamps and wet meadows ; common. July — Augusts
2. C. hnlbifera L.: leaves various, ternate and biternate^ bulbiferou? ; leaflets linear and linear-lanceolate, remotely toothed; umbels terminal, solitary. fVilld. Spec, IM5. excl. syn. C r on. Mich. FL 1. p. 1 65. P ur s k Fl. L p. 195. A" «U. Gen. I. p. 192. R otm. ^ S chult. Nh J). 433.
Boot perennial. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, erect, branched, smooth. Leaves in the infertile bulbiferous stems more compound, with narrower divisions, lacerately toothed ; in the feriile and bulbife- rous stems simply ternate ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, remotely toothed ; bulbs axillary, aggregate. Umbels small, few-flower- ed. Universal involucrum wanting ; partial involucra 3 — 5- leaved, subulate, acuminate. Fruit as in the preceding spe- cies.
Hab. In swamps ; rare. Borders of the salt marshes near Ho boken, £cc. Nev/-Jersey- August.
206. DAUCUS. L.
Involucrum pinnatifid. Flowers somewhat radiant ; those of the disk abortive. Fruit oblong, with 5 acu- leate ribs; intervals angular, hispid. Roem. £s Schult. Gen. 1196.
D. Carota L.: stem hispid; leaves tripinnate ; leaflets incised, linear-lanceolate, acute ; umbel at length concave ; fruit bristly. W 1 1 1 d. Spec. I. p. 1389. Smith Fl Brit. I. p. 300. Ens. Bot, t. 1174. P ur s h Fl.l. p. ]9]. El- liott Sk. I. p. 348. Walt. Car. p. 113. Roem. 4^ Schult, Vi. p. 473.
.vcus. PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 309
R«ot biennial. Stem 2 feet high, erect, sulcate. Leaves pale green ; segments linear or linear-lanceulate, cuspidate. Uni- versal and partial involucra pinnatifid, with linear divisions. Umbel concave when in fruit. Flowers vi^hite.
Hab. In old fields. June — August. Naturalized. Wild Carrot,
207. MYRRHIS. M orison.
Fruit pyramidal, rostrate, crowned with the pistils ; ribs 5, acute. Involucrum 0. Ro e m. ^ Sc hiilt. Gen. 1204. Urospermum and Myrrhis Nutt. Gen. I. p. 192.
t."^. procumhens S p r eng. : stem procumbent, some- what hairy; leaves bipinnate; segments lanceolate, rather obtuse; umbels 3-rayed, few-flowered ; fruit smooth. Spreng. Umb. Spec. \).\30. R o em. &i Sc hu 1 1. Wl. i^. 5l6, Scan- mK prociimbens L. JVilld. 6]oec. J. p. 1452. Mukl. Cat, p. 31. Ch5;rophyllum procumbens Lam, Enc. I. p. 685. Per s. Syn. 1. p. 320. Pursh /'Z. I. p. 19 5. Elliott Sk: I, ^. 257, Nutt. Gen„ I. p. 279. Scandix seminibus nitidis Gron, Firg. p. 147.
Root annual. Stem 6 — 8 inches long, slender, branched, a little hairy, particularly on the sheaths. Leaves pinnatifid, decom- pound; segments slightly ciliate. Umbels terminal, about 3-rayed ; partial umbels 4 — 5-flowered. Universal involu- crum wanting ; partial 4 — 5-leaved, ovate, ciliate. Flowers all fertile. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla white ; fietals oblong, slightly inflexed. Fruit linear-oblong, prismatic, crowned with the persistent styles ; intervals angularly elevated..
Hab. In sl)ady rocky situations. New-Jersey. On the banks of the Schuylkill, near Philadelphia. A'u 1 1 a 1 1. In Mary- land, near Hagers-town. Pursh. May.
2. M. Clayioni M i c h. : stem hairy (at first hoary-white) ; leaves biternate, pubescent ; leaflets incisely lobed, dentate ; umbel 3-rayed ; central flowers abortive ; universal and par- tial involucra 3 — 5-leaved, lanceolate, ciliate ; fruit attenuate at the base, with hispid angles, not rostrate ; styles very short. M ich. FL I. p. 170. Spreng. Umb. Spec. p. I2"9. (. 3. f. G. Ro em. &L S chult. VI. p. 508. Ch^rofhyllum Claytoni Pers. Syyi. I. p. 320. Pursh Fl. I. p. 195. Elliott Sk. I. p. 368, Scandix dulcis Muhl. Cat. p. 31. Urospermum C/w^/07W JV Mi f. Gen. I. p. 193. Myrrhis foliis trilobatis Gron. Virg. p. 148, Cerefolium latifolium canadense Moris. Sect. IX. t. 11.
Root perennial, fusiform, slender. Stem about 2 feet high, hairy, particularly on the upper part, when young, as well as the pe-
310 PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. mvrrhis.
tioles, almost woolly. Leaves hairy, ternate, with the primary divisions quinate ; lower common petioles very long ; leaflets subpinnatifidly lobed; lobes dentate. Umbels about 2, pro- ceedintr from the forked extremity of the stem ; primary rays generally 3, with 1 — 2 short abortive ones; partial umbels 5_6-fl,)wered, seldom perfecting more than 2 or 3 flowers. Universal involucrum about 3-leaved ; leaves linear-lanceo- late ; partial 5-leaved, reflexed, acuminate. Calyx obsolete. Petals white, obcordate, with a minute inflexed tip. Sta- mens as long as the petals ; anthers roundish, yellow. Styles very short, thickened and gibbous at the base ; stigmas mi- nute. Fruit linear-lanceolate, nearly black, shining, crowned with the short thick styles; angles hispid ; intervals flat; seeds three-fourths of an inch long, attenuated into a cauda at the base, which is very hispid. Hab. In shady rocky situations; particularly on mountains; common. May — June.
The whole plant, but especially the root, is sweet tasted, and is called Sweet Cicely.
3. M. longistylis^ : stem smooth; leaves biternate ; the lower ones on short petioles ; leaflets ovate, incisely lobed and dentate; umbel 3 — 4-rdyed ; central flowers abortive; universal and partial involucra 3 — 5-leaved, oblong, acu- minate ; fruit attenn.ate at the base, with hispid angles ; styles long, subulate, straight.
Hoot perennial, fusiform, slender. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, branch- ing, very smooth, striate. Leaves about 2, a little hairy on both sides, shining beneath, sometimes almost smooth ; the lowest one on a short petiole; partial petioles elongated, nearly smooth ; leaflets ovate, acute, less divided than in the preced- ing species. Umbels terminating the forked extremity of the stem ; much divaricate when in fruit ; rays 1 — 2 inches long. Universal involucrum 2 — 3-leaved, lanceolate; partial ones about 5-leaved ; leaves oblong, acuminate, ciliaie, reflexed. Fruit linear-lanceolate, blackish, with hispid angles; seeds at- tenuated into a cauda at the base, crowned with the linear- subulate styles.
Hab. In wet meadows near Albany, New-York. Tracy. ■Neai Geneva, N, Y. Pain e. June. Near Hudson, N. Y. Als 0 fii Sec.
This species resembles the preceding in many respects, but is easily distinguished by the characters given above, espe- cially by its long subulate styles. For excellent specimens of this plant, I am indebted io' Dr. Paine^ of Geneva, who first directed my attention to its peculiarities.
4. M. canadensis Mori s. : leaves ternate, smooth ; leaf- lets rhomboid-ovate, acute, incisely toothed, acutely ser- rate j partial involucra minute, subulate ; fruit oblong, very
aiYRRHis. PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 311
smooth. M'utt. Ge?i. I. p. 192. Roem, ir SchuIt.Yl. p. 516. Ch^rophyllum canadense Pers. St/n. I. p. 320. Purs h Fl.hp.\95, Elliott Sk. I. 1^.352, SisoN can- adense L. Willd. Spec. I. p. 696. Mich, Fl. I. p. 168.
Rooi perennial, fusiform. Stem a foot and a half, or 2 feet high, erect, smooth. Leaves ternate ; radical ones 2 — 3-lobed ; cauline somewhat incised, broad-ovate, and often rhomboid ; petioles membranaceous, amplexicaul. Umbels numerous, with the rays straight, and very unequal when in fruit. Uni- versal involucrum wanting; partial of 2—3 minute subulate leaves. Calyx obsolete. Petals white, subcordate, with an inflexed point. Styles %\\ov\., subulate, erect ; stigmas sim- ple, very minute. Fruit not attenuate at the base, one-fourth of an inch long, very smooth, striate, rostrate with the persist- ent styles.
Hab. In shady rocky woods. June.
208. SlUMo L.
Fruit somewhat prismatic, with 5 obtuse ribs; in tervals subconvex. Involucra entire. Roem. b' Schult. Gen. 1210.
1. S. latifolium L. : stem angular; submersed leaves bi- pinnatifid ; upper ones pinnate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, un- equal at the base, acutely serrate ; umbels terminal. Willd, Spec. I. p, U3 1 . Smith Fl. Brit. I, p. 3 1 2. Eng. Bot, t. 204. Roem. (^ Schult. VI. 331. MuhU Cat. p. 30. Big. Bost. p. 69. S. denliculalum Elliott Sk. I. p. 354?
Root perennial, creeping. Stern erect, 7-angled, very smooth, about a foot and a half high. Leaves alternate, simply pin- nate, with a terminal leaflet ; leaflets 4 pairs, remote, sessile, 4 — 6 inches long, and often 2 inches broad, smooth ; margin acutely and rather coarsely toothed ; those immersed often finely divided. Umbel many-rayed, unequal ; partial umbels 10 — 15-liowered. Involucra many-leaved ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminate, with a prominent midrib. Calyx obsoletely 5-tooth- ed. Petals white, inflexed. Styles long, refiexed ; stigmas capitate. Fruit oval, Avith obtuse elevated ribs, laterally com- pressed.
Hab. In shady swamps. In New- Jersey ; near New -York. In the Highlands of New-York. Barratt. Near Boston, Big e low, ccc. July.
2. S. lincare Mich. : stem angular and sulcate; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 4 — 5 pairs, linear-lanceolate, acutely and finely serrate ; involucra many-leaved, linear ; umbels ter- minal. Mich. FL I. p. 167, Pursh FL 1. p. 194.
$n FENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. sium,
Mutt. Gen. I. p. 186. excl. syn. Pursh. Roem, &?
Schult. VI. p. 538. excl. syn. Pursh. S. tenuifoHum
Muhl. Cat. p. 30. Me J^ut t.
Root perennial. Ste7n 7-angled, ^vith intermediate grooves, 2—3 feet high, erect, smooth. Leaves simply pinnate ; leaflets 2—3 inches long, 2—4 lines broad, acute at each end, very sharply serrate ; serratures nearly equal. Uinbels terminal, with ra- ther short rays. Involucra 8 — 10-leaved ; leaflets linear- lancenlate, acuminate, entu-e. Ca/t/x obsolete. Pe/a/s white, inflexed. Styles lonij, d< flexed ; stigmas capitate. Fruit about a line and a half long, ovate, with 5 prominent ridges. Hab. In swamps. New-Durham, New-Jersey. Deerfields Massachusetts. C o o le y and Nile h c oc k. August.
This species, and the preceding, are probably only varie- ties of eacn other, and both appear to be distinct from the European Sium lati/olium,
209. CONIUM. L.
Fruit ovate, solid, with 5 obtuse ribs, crenulatc when immature ; intervals flat. Umbels with universal and partial involucra. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen. 1211.
C. macvlatum L. : stem very smooth, spotted; leaves tri- pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, pinnatifid ; segments lanceolate, nearly entire. Willd. Spec. I. p. 1 395. Smith Ft. Brit. I. p. 302. Eng.Bot.i.\\'d\..PurshFl.\.^.\d5. Big. Bost. p. 68. Ejusd. Med. Bot. I. p. 1 13. t 1 1. • Roem, <$/• Schult, VI. p. 545.
Boot biennial. Stem 2 — 4 feet high, erect, branched, a Tittle sulcate. Leaves much divided, smooth and shining ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate ; segments very acute. Umbel many-rayed, Jnvolucrum lateral, of 2—3 short lanceolate leaves ; partial setaceous. Calyx nearly obsolete. Petals white, cordatCj with an inflexed point- Fruit ovate, smooth, with 5 elevated unequal ribs.
Had. On road-sides and among rubbish. July. Introduced,
Hemlock,, A very poisonovis plant. The leaves are fetid when bruised.
210. LIGUSTICUM. L.—Sprengel-
Fruit ovate oblong, with 5 acute ribs ; intervals sul- cate. Universal and partial involucra various. Roe m^ e:? Schult. Gen. 1212.
1. L. scoticttm L.: leaves bitemate; leaflets snbrhom-
nGusTicuM. PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 313
bic-ovate, coarsely serrate ; involucrum linear-lanceolate. PVilld. Spec. I. p. 1424. Smith FL Brit. I. p. 309. Eng. Bot. t. 1207. Pursh FL I. p. 166. Mich. FU I. p. 193. Roem. kSchult. VI. p. 547.
HoQt perennial. Sferii a foot and a half high, smooth and striate. .Leaves rather fleshy ; leaflets incisely serrate, smooth, reticu- lately veined beneath. Umbels terminal, on long peduncles ; primary and secondary rays numerous. Involucra 3 — 4-leaved ; leaflets linear-lanceolate. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals small, white, inflexed. Styles short, spreading. Fruit large, oblong, tumid; ribs acute and slightly winged.
Hab. Borders of salt marshes. Near Salem, Sec, Massachu- setts. Big t toil) and Oaks, On the sea-coast of Maine. Z. e Conte. July.
This plant resembles the European in every respect.
2. L. actmfolium M i c h. : leaves biternate ; leaflets oval, equally toothed; partial involucra setaceous ; fruit ob- long-oval; ribs somewhat winged. Mich. FL I. p. 166, Pursh FU. p. 193. Roem. <^ Schult. VI. p. 555. Thaspium aQtiZifolium Nutt, Gen. I. p. 197.
Hoot perennial. Stem very tall, smooth and striate. Lower leaves triternate, petioles of the primary divisions very long; leaflets ovate, coarsely toothed, about 2 inches long ; upper- most leaves ternate, with the leaflets nearly entire. Umbels numerous, terminal, subvenicillate ; the lateral ones sterile. Fruit with sligtuly winged and somewhat undulate ribs.
Hab In New-York. Muhlenberg.
The largest North- American species, first discovered by Mi- ch aux on the banks of the St. Lawrence. It has been found in abundance about Salem, North-Carolina, by Mr. Sc hnoei- nit z. In Muhlenberg's Catalogue it stands as a doubt- ful species to be compared with Cicuta maculata, to which, however, it bears not the least resemblance.
211. HERACLEUM. L.
Fruit compressed, with a membranaceous margin ; W/>>5 3, dorsal, obtuse; intervals and comtnissure with clavate spots. Flowers subradiant. Involucrum 0. Bo em. 'd' Schult. Gen. 1216.
H. lanatum Mich. : leaves ternate, petiolate, tomen- tose beneath; leaflets petioled, round-cordate, lobed ; fruit Orbicular. Mich. FL I. p. 166. Pursh FL \. p. 181. B ig. Bost. p. 67. Roem. k Schul t. VI. p. 580.
Root perennial. Stem 3 — 5 feet high, thick, sulcate, pubescent. Common petiole very broad and membranaceous; leaflets 5 — 6 inches long, somewhat palmately lobed, smooth above ; 40
314 PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. hbracleum.
lobes incised and serrate. Umbels very large, terminal, many- rayed. Partial involucra 5—6 leaved; leaflets lanceolate, acu- minate. Calyx minute. Petals white, oblong. Styles subu- late, reflexed. Fruii much compressed, round-oval, with the ribs slightly elevated. Hab. Ill wet meadows. June. Coio-Parsnifu
Allied to H. Sfihondylium^hnt quite distinct.
212. PASTINACA. L.
Fruit oval, compressed, flat, margined ; ribs obso- lete ; intervals striate ; commissures 2. Universal and partial involucra 0. Roe m. 8? S chul t. Gen. 1217.
\,V, saliva L. : stem sulcate ; leaves pinnate; leaflets lubpubcscent beneath, oblong, incised ; terminal one .S-lobed. W illd. Spec, I. p. 1466. Smith FL Brit. I. p. 328. Eng. Boi.i.bbQ. Pursh Fl. Uip. 136. R o em, ^ S chult, VI. p. 383.
Root biennial, fusiform. Stem 2 feet high, smooth, sulcate. Leaves simply pinnate ; leaflets sessile, incisely lobed, smooth above. Umbels numerous, large, terminal. Floivers yellow. Fruit much compressed.
Hab. In fields and waste places. July— September. Intro- duced. Commo7i Parsnip.
2. r.rigida S p r en g.: Stem terete, striate ; leaves pin- nate, smooth ; leallets oblong-lanceolate, entire or with se- veral remote teeth ; partial involucra subulate. R o em. t^- Schtilt. VI. p. 586. SiuM rigidius L. Willd. Spec. I. p. 1433. Pursh FL I. I). 194. M u h I. Cat. ^p. 30. Si- Son marginatum Mich. FL I. p. 168. (Enanthe WgiWa J>futl, Gfjj. I. p. 189. PiMPiNELLA foliis lanceolatis, &c. Gron. Virg. p. 32. (Enanthe maxima virginiana, &c. Mo vis. Sect. IX. t. 7.
JRoot perennial. Stem 2 — 4 feet high, erect, rigid, fistulous. Leaves ail simply pinnate ; leaflets 4 — 5 pairs, sessile, acute, 2 — 4 inches long, often with a narrow discoloured margin ; the inferior ones with several very remote acute and subre- pand teeth. Umbels about 3, terminal, on long peduncles ; rays numerous, spreading, filiform ; central flowers abortive. Universal involucrum 0 ; partial involucra of 6—8 subulate leaves. Calyx 5-toothed, acute. Styles very short, dilated at the base, divaricate; «?f5'7/2as simple. Pe^a/s white, coi date, with an inflected point. Fruit oval, much compressed, corti- cate ; ribs or striae 5, approximate ; intervals convex, coloured.
Hab In swamps in the pine barrens of New-Jersey. In Penn- sylvania and Maryland. Mu hlenberg. September.
PA£TiNACA. PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 315
2. P. ambigua^ : stem slightly angular ; leaves pinnate, smooth: leaflets linear, entire, subglaiicous beneath ; umbels terminal, subsolitary ; partial involucra subulate. OEnanthe ambigua J^utl, Gen. I, p, 189. Sium longifoluim Pursh FL I. p. 194.
Root perennial. Stem 3 — 5 feet high, erect, very smooth, fistu- lous. Leaves few, all pinnate ; leaflets narrow-linear, or linear- lanceolate, 3 — 6 inches long, thickish and rather rigid, very rarely with one or two minute teeth on the mart^in. Umbel subsolitary, on a long terminal peduncle; spreading ; central flowers often abortive. Universal i-nvolucrum wanting; par- tial involucra of 3 — 5 subulate leaves. Calyx minute, 5-tooth- ed. Petals white, cordate, with an inflexed point. Styles very short, dilated at the base, divaricate. Fruit flat, smooth, oval, corticate ; strite prominent, with the intervals coloured.
Hab. In swamps in the pine barrens of New-Jersey. On the marshy banks of the Delaware. M u 1 1 a 1 1. September.
This species is nearly allied to the preceding, of which it is possibly but a variety.
213. ANGELICA. L.
Fruit subconipressed, with 3 acute winged ribs; intervals sulcate ; margin membranaceous, Roem. ^ Schult. Gem 1220.
1. A, triquinala M i c h,: stem terete, pubescent above ; leaves ternate, very smooth, the partitions quinate ; leaflets oblong ovate, equally serrate ; inferior 'ones 2-lobed at the base. M i c h. FL I. p. 167. Pursh FL I. p. 193. E I- liott Sk.l.p.352: ^rutt.Gen,l.p.\86, Rocm.i^ 5'cAM/f. VI. p. 604. A.hirsutaMuhLCat.^.SQ. Pas- tinaca triqmnata Spreng. Umb, Spec, p. 68. t. 6. f. 2. Fekvla villosa Walt, Car. 115. PurshFL I. p. 1'92, excl. syn. Cicut^, ventnata.
Root perennial. Stem 3 — 5 feet high, simple, erect, straight, white-viilous and sulcate below the umbel. I^eaves on long- naked petioles, which are only a little sheathing at the base, ternate, and again subdivided ; the partitions 5 — 7-leaved ; leaflets ovate or subrhoniboid, rather obtuse, on short petioles, or abruptly attenuate at the base, thick, moderately serrate ; the inferior ones deeply 2-lobed at the base, and thus appear- ing auriculate. Umbels generally 3, terminal, many-rayed, spreading, with 2 opposite inflated petioles at the divisions, bearing minute leaves. Universal involucrum wanting ; par- tial of 6 — 8 subulate unilateral leaves. Calyx 5-toothed. Pe- tals white, obcordale, witli a long inflexed point. Styles subu- late, divaricate. Fruit oval, compressed; margin winged; ribs 3, elevated, acute, approximate, parallel.
316 PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. angelica.
Hab. In dry woods, and on the sides of hills. August.
There can be little doubt that this is the Ferula -villosa of Wa Iter, though by no means the plant described by Green- watj in the ^mer. Phil. Trans., under the name of Cicuta venenata. The description of the latter is too in)perfect to as- certain what plant is meant, but I suspect it to be Cicuta ma- cutata.
2. A. atropurpnrca L. : stem smooth, coloured ; leaves ternate ; the partitions subquinate ; leaflets ovate, acute, in- cise ly serrate, sublobed; the 3 terminal ones confluent ; pe- tioles very large, inflated. W ill d» Spec. I. p. 1430. Lam. Enc. I. p. 1 73." Purs h Fl. I. p. 1 93. R o e. m. <^ Schult. VI. p. 603. A. triquinata Big. Bosi. p. 68. A. canadensis atropurpurea Corn. Canad. t. 199. Moris. Sect. IX. 1. 3.
JRoot perennial, aromatic. Stejn large, 3—5 feet high, fistulouSj generally of a purplish colour. Petioles very large, ir.flaled and sheathing. Lcajiets 2 — 4 iiiclies long, closely sessile, someiimes a iittle cordate ; the lateral ones often with a large lobe towards the base ; the 3 terminal ones united. Umbels 3 — 5, terminal, with 2 opposite sheathing petioles at the base ; common peduicle short. Universal involucrum wanting; partial ones of 8 — 10 subulate leaves. Caltx nearly obsolete, 5-tuolhed. Petals greenish, obcordate, will, an inflected point. Fruit oval, compressed j margin slightly winged ; ribs 3, ele- vated, parallel.
Hab. In wet meadows ; not uncommon. June. Common
Angelica,
3, A. lucida L. : leaflets equal, ovate, incisely serrate. Willd. Spec. I. p. 1430. J acq. Horl. Viud. III. t. 24. fide Sp reng. P u r s h Fl. I. p. 1 93. Ellioi t Sk. I. p. 353. Roem. (^ Schult.W. p. 604. A. hhata Wa 1 1. Car. p. 116 f A. lucida canadensis Corn. Canad. t. 197. Mori s. Seel. IX. t. 3. f. 3.
Boot perennial, acrid. Ste7n 1 — 2 feet high, erect, branched, fistulous. Radical leaves inpinnate ; those of the stem bipin- nate; leaflets lanceolate. or ovate, somewhat acute, dark green and luc\d above, shining beneath ; terminal ones confluent. Umbels convex, dense. Universal involucrutn about 5-leaved ; leaflets lanceolate ; partial involucra subulate. Petals ovale, inflexed at the point. Fruit fuscous, with 3 elevated parallel stria:. J a c (j.
Hab. In shady woods. Canada to Pennsylvania. P ursh. Near Bethlehenrj, Pennsylvania. Sc hnv e ini t z.
This, to me, is an obsc\u-e species. I suspect many of our Botanists have mistaken fur it the A. triquinata. The figure of .Tacquin, cited above, I have not had an opportunity of examining; but, with his description, the A. triquinata agrees
ANGELICA. PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 317
very well, excepting in the character ol" the universal involu- crum. Cornuti's figure is too imperfect to determine the question.
214. THAPSIA. L. Fruit narrow, slightly compressed, nearly ribless, with 2 dorsal and marginal wings. Involiicrum 0. Roem. £sf Schult, Gen. 1222^
T. trifoliata Mil I. : petioles and nodes of the slenrj pu- bescent; leaves biternate and ternate ; leaflets c-jneate and ovate, unequally and incisely serrate, entire at the base ; um- bels terminal ; partial involucra 3-leaved, subulate. Willd. Spec. I. p. 1465. Roem. i^ Sc/irW/. VI. p. 615. Ligus- TicuM bnrhinode Mich. FL I. p. 167. Pursk FL I. p. 193. E lliott Sk,l. p. 35 1 .. Smyrnium harbinode Mu h L Cat. p. 31. Thaspium harbinode N 7i 1 1. Gen. I. p. G15. Jiooi perennial. Steiji about 3 feet high, angular and sulcate, smooth, except at the nodes. Leaves smooth ; inferior ones biternate ; superior ones ternate ; leaflets about an inch and a half long, cuneate and entire at the base. Umbels 3 — 4, ter- minal, many-rayed. Universal involucrum wauting. Calyx distinctly 5-toothed. Petals yellow, with an acute indexed point. Styles longer than the petals, spreading, Fruit ellip- tical, compressed ; marginal ridges winged. Hab. On the shady banks of the Schuylkill, near Philadelphia. .Y« (tall.
In the arrangement of the Umbelliferse in ihis work, I have adopted the recent system oi S/irengcl, as elabo- rated by himself in the 6th Vol. of R o enter iS)" Schul t es' Sy sterna Fegetabilium. I must confess, however, that I am not satisfied with his distribu^lion of the North-American spe- cies of this class, and regret also that I have not the materials for revising satisfactorily their generic characters.
ORDER III.
T R I G Y N I A.
* Flowers superior, 215. Viburnum. 216. Samrucus.
* * Flowers inferior. 217. Rhus. 218. Staphylea.
215. VIBURNUM. L. Calyx minute, 5-toothed, superior. Corolla 5-cleIt ;
318 PENTANDRTA. TRIGYNIA. viburnum.
lobes spreading or reflexed ; cymes very sessile. Berry 1- seeded. Gen, pi 503. Niitt. Gen. I. p. 202. Ju s s. p. 213. La m. III. t. CXI. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen, 1225. Nat. Ord. Caprifolia Juss,
1. V. prunifoUum L. : smooth; leaves round-obovate, acutely serrate; petioles margined. W il I d. Spec. I. p. 1487. Ait. Kew. 1. p. 371. Mich, Fl, I. p. 178. Pursh FL 1. p. 201 . Elliott SL I. p. 365. Roem. ^ S chult, VI. p. 631.
A shrub or small tree, with spreading branches. Leaves oppo- site, roundish-obovate, very smooth, about an' inch and a half long, obtuse, or with a short abrupt acumination ; petioles half an inch long, slightly margined. Cymes terminating the short lateral brandies, spreading, about 3 inches in diameter. Calyx with 5 obtuse teeth. Corolla white; segments olilong obtuse, spreading. Stamens longer than the corolla ; filaments subu- late ; anthers roundish, 2-celled. Stigmas sessile. Berries oval, dark blue, eatable ; seed large, long, much compressed.
Hab. In woods and hedges ; common. June. Biack-haio ov Sloe.
2. V. pyrifolium Lam,: smooth; leaves ovate-oblohg, acute, crenate-serrate ; petioles naked ; cymes subpeduncu- late; fruit ovate oblong. Lam. Enc. VIII. p. 653. Pursh FL Lp.201. Roem.ir Schult. VI. p. 631.
A shrub 5—10 feet high. Leaves 2 inches long, somewhat acu" miiiale, acute at the base, very smooth, with minute obtuse serraiures ; petioles half an inch long, not margined. Cymes large, spreading, on angular peduncles half an inch in length. Berries red.
Hab. On mountains near Williams College, Massachusetts. Dewey. On the banks of rivers, Pennsylvania, New-Jer- sey, 8cc. Pursh.
2. V. Lenlago L. : smooth ; leaves broad-ovate, acu- minate, acutely serrate ; petioles margined, undulate ; cymes sessile. Willd. Spec. I. p. 1491. Jl it. Kew. I. p. 372. M i c h, FL I. p. 178. Purs h Fl. I. p. 201. B ig. Bosl . p. 70. Elliott Sk. 1. p. 365. IValt. Car^ p. 116, Roem. & Schult. VJ. p. 637.
A shrub 8 — 12 feet high. Leaves about 3 inches long, rounded or subcordate at the base, smooth on both sides, acutely and uncinately serrate ; petioles an inch long, undulate or crisped. Ci/Twes closely sessde. i^ifowfr* small, if erries black.
Hab. In rocky woods, along rivers and creeks. May.
4. V. nudum L. : leaves oval-oblong ; margin revolute
tiBURNUM. PENTANDRIA. TRIGYNIA, 31»
and obsoletely crenulate; petioles naked ; cymes peduncu- late. Willd. Spec. I. p. 1487. Mill, icoji. p. 183. t, 274. Mich. Fl.L]).n^. PwrjAi^/. I. p. 201. Big. Bost.p.lO. Elliott Sk.].Y>. 365. W a It. Car. \). l\6, Roem, <$/• Schult. VI. p. 631. V.squamatum Willd. Enum. Hort, Beroi. p. 337. R. & S. 1. c. 637. Cold. J^o- xeb. 59. A shrub 8 — 10 feet high. Leaves about 4 inches long, often obovate, slightly acuminate, attenuate at the base, punctate and reticulately veined beneath ; petioles and peduncles with a fer- ruginous scaly pubescence. Cyme on a peduncle 1 — 2 inches long. Flowers crowded, very small. Berries oval, dark blue. Hab. In swamps. Abundant in the pine barrens of New-Jer- sey. In the cedar swamp, near New-Durham, N. J. Near Boston, Massachusetts. £ ig e low. Litchfield, Connecticut. Brace. Fairfield, New-York. Had ley. June.
5. V. Lantanoides Mich-: leaves orbicular-cordate, abruptly acuminate ; nerves and petioles pulverulent-tomen- tose, unequally serrate; cymes closely sessile. Mich, FL I. p. 179. P?<rsA F/.. I. p. 202. R o em. ^ S c hult. VI. p. 633. V. Lcmtana jS. grandifolium A i t. Kew. I. p. 372.
A shrub 4 — 8 feet high, with flexuous and often procumbent branches. Leaves nearly as broad as long ; nerves beneath very conspicuous and covered with a rusty down ; petioles nearly an inch long. Cymes generally with 2 leaves at the base, with several of the lateral flowers abortive and very large. Berries at first red, but nearly black when quite ripe, Hab. In rocky woods and on mountains. Plentiful in the west- ern parts of the State of New-York, &c. May — June. Hack- berry.
S.y.dentatumL.: nearly smooth; leaves on long pe- tioles, orbicular-ovate, dentate-serrate, subplicate; axils of the veins pubescent beneath; cymes pedunculate ; fruit sub- globose. Sp. pi, 3S4. Willd. Spec. I. y.\4ii8. Pursh F/. I. p. 202. Big. Bast, ^.10. El lio it Sk. ]. p. 364. Roem. (^ Schult. VI, p. 632. V. dentatum x. lueidum A i I. Kew. I. p. 372, V, dentatum |S. glabcllmn Mich. FL I. p. 179.
A shrub about 8 feet high, with very straight and angular branches. Leaves about 2 inches long, with coarse acute ser- ratures or teeth ; ciliate nerves very prominent beneath, forked towards the margin ; petioles three-fourths of an inch long. Cymes terminal, large, expanding. Berries blue, small, acute, crowned with the 5-toothed calyx; seed ovate, convex on one side, and a deep groove on the other, dividing it into 2 lobes. Hab. In moist woods and hedges ; common. June. Arrow- wood .
320 PENTANDRIA. TRIGYNfA. viburnum.
7. V. pubescens Ph. : leaves on very short petioles, ovate, acuminate, dentate-serrate, villous beneath ; cymes peduncu- late ; fruit oblong. Pursh FL I. p. 202. R o e m. S/ S c hul i. VI. p. 632. V. dentntmn ^. ptibcscens A i I, Kew. I. p. 168. Witld. Spec. I. p. 1468. V. dentatum (3. semi- tomenfosnm M i c h. FL L p. 179, V. tomentosum R af. in Med. Rep, XI. p. 360. V. villosum Ejvsd. in D e sv. Jounu Bot. I. p. 228. V, Rofinesq(daniim Ro em, ^ S chult, VI. p. 630.
A shrub about 6 feet high ; branches obscurely angular. Leaves smaller than in the preceding species, and less acutely toothed, villoustomentose beneath, cor'^late ; petioles 2 — 3 lines long. Cyines small, on a peduncle three-fourths of an inch long, spreading. The fruit I have not seen.
Hab. On mountains and in rocky woods; rare. In the High- lands of New- York. Fairfield, N. Y. Hddley. Cam- bridge, N. Y. Stevenson, Near Albany. Beck and Tr a cy. Sec. June.
This appears to me quite a distinct species from V. denta- tu7n. It is readily known by its short petioles and pubescent, leaves.
8. V. ocerifolium L.: leaves subcordate, 3-lobed, acutely serrate, pubescent beneath ; lobes acuminate ; petioles with- out glands, hairy ; cymes on long peduncles. fVilld. Spec. 1. p. 1489. Fent. Hort. Cels. t. 72. Pursh FL 1. p. 203. Big. Bost. ^.11. Elliott Sk.l.p, 36^. Roem. i.^ Schuit. VI. p. 634,
A shrub 4 — 6 fefit high ; branches smooth, straight, slender. Leaves broad-subcofdate, with spreading lobes ; serratures coarse ; petioles nearly an inch long, with subulate bracts at the base. Cymes on a long naked peduncle. Berries almost black, oval, compressed ; pulp thin ; seed cartilaginous, flatten- ed, with an obtuse elevated ridge on one side, and two ridges on the other.
Hab. In rocky woods; particularly on mountains; common. May — June.
D, V. Oxycoccus Ph. : leaves 3-l6bed, acute at the base, 3-nerved ; lobes divaricate, acuminate, remotely and obtusely dentate; petioles glandular; cymes radiate. Pursh FL I. p. 203. Roem. <^ Schuit. VL p. 635. V. Opulus .8. americana A i t. Kew. 1. p. 373. V. Opulus /3. Pimina Mich. FL I. p. 180. V. Opidoidbs MuhL Cat. p. 32. V. trilo-^ bum Marsh. Arb. ^. 162. Cold. Noveb. 104.
A small shrub with smooth spreading branches. Leaves verj broad-pubescent beneath ; serratures coarse and obtuse. Ufn- bsls on a long peduncle ; the large flower abortive and very
VIBURNUM. PENTANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. 321
large. Fruit larg^e, subglobose, red, of an agreeable acid taste ; seed flat, without ridges. Hab. In woods ; particularly in mountainous regions. Com- mon in New-England, and in the interior of New-York, above the Highlands. May — June.
The fruit is sometimes used as a substitlxte for Cranberries.
10. V. edufe Phi: leaves 3-lobed, rather obtuse at the base, 3-iierved ; lobes very short, with acuminate-dentate serratures ; petioles glandular ; cymes radiate- P ur s h Fl, I. p. ^203. Roem. 4> Schult. VI. p. 636. Y.Opulusy. idideMich. FL I. p. 180.
A smaller and more upright shrub than the preceding. Berries the same colour and size, but when fully ripe more agreeable to eat.
Hab. On the banks of rivers. Canada to New-York. Pursh. This species I have never seen, except 1 have confounded it with the preceding, from which it appears to be scarcely dis- tinct. They both are nearly allied to V. Ojiuliis of Europe.
216. SAMBUCUS. L.
Calyx minute, 5- cleft. Corolla subrotate, 5-cleft. Stigmas minute, ses^le. Berry globose, 1-celled, 3-seeded. Gen, pi. 505. Nutf. Gen. I. p. 203. Juss. p. 214. Lam. Ill t. CCXII. Roem. ^ Schult. Gen. 1226. Nat. Ord. Caprifolia Juss.
Elder.
1. S. canadensis L. : nerves and petioles very smooth ; leaflets oblong-oval, about 3-pairs, acummate, smooth ; midrib subpubescent ; cymes lax, 5-cleft ; stem frutescent. fVilld. S'pec. I. p. 1494. Mich. FLl. ^. \2>\. Pursh Fl.l.^. 203. Big. Bost.^.ll. E Uiott Sk.\.p.3GS. Walt. Cor. p. 116. Roem. ^ Schult. W.T^.GAO. Cold. J^oveb.Gl.
A shrub 6 — 10 feet high, erect, smooth ; branches swelled at the joints. Leaves frequently bipinnate ; leaflets on short petioles, much acuminate, acutely serrate, shining; the younger ones often subpubescent. Fiovjers in large spreading terminal cymes. Teeth of the calyx acute. Corolla white ; segments ovate, spreading or revolute. Berries deep purple or black, oval.
Hab. In swamps and along hedges in moist grounds. May— jyjy^ Common Elder.
2. S. pubens M i c h. : petioles and leaves beneath pubes- cent; leaflets ovaManceolate; cymes panicubte ; ?tem fruti- cose. Mich. Fl. \. p. 181. Willd. Eniwi. Horl. Berol
41
352 PENTANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. sambucus.
p. 328. R 0 67)1. <^ Schult. VI. p. 641. \ . pubescens Per*. %J. I.p. 328. P w r 5 /i /7. 1. p. 204. Elliott Sk. I. p. 368.
A shrub 6—8 feet \\\?\\ ', branches often tuberculate. Leaves simply pinnate ; leaflets 3 pairs, with an odd one, oval or ob- long-lanceolate, much acuminate, acutely serrate. Cyme or panicle pyramidal, denue, naked. Flowers white. Berries small, red.
Hab. On mountains. Canada to Carolina. Not found in New- York below the Highlands. June.
217. RHUS. L.
Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Berry small, subglo- bose, with one bony seed. Gen. pi. 502. Nutt. Ge?i. I. p. 203. Ju s s. p. 369. L a m. III. t. CC VII. iiocm. y Schult. Gen. 1230. Nat. Ord. TERE- fi i n t a c e /e 7 z^ ^ ^. Sumach.
* Leaves pinnate.
\ . R. glabrwn L. : leaflets lanceolate, smooth, acuminate, acutely serrate, whitish beneath 5 flowers perfect ; fruit downy. Wi 1 1 d. Spec, f . p. 1 478. jM i c h. Fl. I. p. 182. Pursh P/. I. p. 204. Big. Bost.Yt.li. Elliott Sk.\.^.oQ>\. Walt. Car. p. 255. R 0 em. <^ Sc hu 1 1. Y\. p.Gid. DHL Elth. t. 243. f. 3 1 3. Co Id. J^oveb. G3.
A shrub 6 — 12 feet high, with straggling smooth branches. Leaves pinnate; leaflets 12 — 15 pairs, sessile, 2 — 3 inches long, rather remotely serrate. Mowers in a large terminal compound panicle. Calyx- 5-toothed, persistent. Corolla greenish-yellow. Berries crimson, acid, downy.
Hab. In hedges and tiiickets July. Cojmnon Sumach.
The leaves of this species, and the following, are astringent,
and are used in tanning. The acid of the berries resides in the
down, and has been ascertained by Mr. C 0 zzens to be the
tnalic.t
2. R. typhinum L. ; branches and petioles very villous ; leaflets in many pairs, lanceolate oblong, acuminate, acutely serrate, pubescent beneath. IV Hid. Spec I. p. 1473. Duham. Arb.W.i. Al. M ich. F"/. \. p. ]82. Pursh P/.l.p.204. Big. Bost.p.T2. Elliott Sk.\. p. 360, Walt. Car. p. 255. R o e rn. 6/ Schult. VI. p. 643.
t See Annals of the Lyceum of JKatiival History of JVe-w-rork, No. 2. p. M
RHUS. PENTANDRTA. TRIGYNTA. 32S
A shrub 8—15 feet hisrh, the last year's branches very villous. Leaves puinate ; leaflets 10 — 15 pairs, sessile, whitish beneath, with distant serratures ; petiole 2 feet or more in length. Flonvera polygamous ? in large oblong dense panicles, greenish- yellow. Berries entirely covered with a purple villus.
Hab". Among rocks in hilly situations, and in thickets ; com- mon. June. Stag'a.horn.
3. R. copalUnum L. : petiole winged ; leaflets in manj pairs, oval-lanceolate, very entire, shining on the upper sur- face; panicle sessile ; flowers dioecious. Willd, Spec. I. p. 1480. Jac^. //or/. Sc/ioen, Ilf. p.50. t. 341. Mich. Fl. I. p. 182. Pursh FL I. p. 205. Big. Bost. p. 72. Elliott Sk, 1. p. 362. Walt. Car. ^. 255. Roem, ^^ S c h u 1 1. VI. p. 647. P I u k. Aim. 31 8. t. 56. f. 1.
A small shrub, witli terete pubescent branches. Leaves pinnate, dark green ; leaflets 4 — 6 pairs, with an odd one, acute at each extremity, pubescent on the under surface; petiole with a broad winged margin, which is contracted at the insertion of the leaflets. Panicle smaller than in the preceding species, pyramidal. Pefa/s greenish-yellow, berries red, small, com- pressed, hairy, and of a pleasant acid taste.
Hab. In dry woods and on hill sides. July. Mountain Sumachs
4. R. VernixL.: very smooth; leaflets in many pairs, oval, abruptly acuminate, entire ; panicle loose ; flowers dioe- cious. WiLld. Spec. I p. 1479. Mich. Fl. I. p. 205. PurshFLl.i>'\S3. B i g. Bost. p. 72. Ejusd. Med. Bot. I. p. 96. t. 10. £' //ioU iS'/:. I.p. 362. R o e m, ^ S c hxilt, VI. p. 646. Dili. Elth. p. 390. t. 292. f. 377.
A shrub or small tree. Leaves and petioles very smooth ; leaf- lets about 5 pairs, oval-oblong, margined, sometimes with ob- solete angular teeth ; partial petioles very short Flowers greenish, in loose slender racemes, which are clustered at the extremity of the branches, peduncle and fiedicels pubescent. Berries subglobose, very smooth, nearly white when ripe.
Hab. In swamps and v^et woods ; rare near New- York. June — July. Stvamfi Sumach. — Foisott Elder.
The effluvium of this plant is a violent poison to some per- sons, though, as Dr. Big-elo no remarks, the majority of con- stitutions are unaft'ected by it.
* * Leaves ternate.
5. R. Toxicodendron L. : stem erect; leaflets broad- pval, entire, or sinuate-dentate, subpubescent beneath ; flowers dioecious, in sessile axillary racemes. IV Hid. Spec. 1. p. 1 48 1 . Elliott S/c. I. p. 363. W a 1 1. Car. p. 255 . R. Toxicodendron ,3. quercifoliuni Mich. Fl. I. p. 183. Pu r sh Fl. \. p. 205. R o c m, S,- Schult.Yl. p. 652.
324 PENTANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. rhus.
A shrub 1 — 3 feet high, slender, smooth, except towards the summit, where it is a little pubescent ; leaflets very broad- ovate, acuminate, with the upper surface smooth and shining; lateral ones sessile ; the terminal one on a peduncle nearly an incli long; margin entire, or with a few obtuse sinuate teeth. Flowerts in axillary clusters towards the upper part of the stem, greenish. Berries subglobose, white, smooth.
Hab. In dry woods. June — July. Poison- Oak.
/5. radicans* : stem climbing. R. radicans L. Willd, Spec. I. p. 14(^1. Bot. Mag. t. 1806. Big. Bost. p. 73. Ejmd.Mcd. Bot. III. p. 19. t. 42. Elliott Sk, I. p. 363. Walt, Car. p. 25d. R. Toxicodendron /3. vulgare Mich^ F/. I. p. 183, P i< r .? A F/. I. p. 205. R a e m. <^ Sc hu 1 1, VI. po 651. Co Id. Noveb. 65.
A vine climbing trees and houses to a great height, to which it attaches itself by its lateral radicles. Leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate, acuminate, smooth, generally entire, (the lower ones sinuate-dentate.) Flowers dioecious, in axillary racemes, green- ish. Berries white.
Hab. In woods, hedges, and about habitations ; very common. June. Poison Fine. — Mercury,
This plant is by many Botanists considered a distinct species from R. Toxicodendron^ but I am of the opinion of Pursh and Mic h aux, tiiat it is a mere variety. They are both poisonous, but in a much less degree than R. Vernix.
6. R. aromaticvm A i t. : leaflets sessile, ovate-rhomboid, dentate, pubescent beijeath ; flower.* amentaceous, dioecious ; berries pilose. Willd. Spec. I. p. 1482. Jit. Ke.w. I. p„ 367. Turpin Ann. jl/us. V. p. 445. t. 30. Mich. FL I. p. 184. Purs/t F/. I. p. 205. E I lio 1 1 Sk. I. ^. 3QA. Roem. ^Schult. VI. p. 652. Lobadium aromaiicnm Raf.
A small shrub with smooth slender branches. Leaves ternate ; petioles an inch long, pilcse ; leaflets subrhomboidal, about an inch and a Jiaif lung, acute, closely sessile, pubescent beneath ; terminal one narroH-ed and entire at tlie base ; margin coarsely toothed. Flowers in short dense axillary racemes or aments, bracteate at the base. Calyx 5-lobed, half as long as the pe- tals, coloured ; segments nvate, obtuse. Petals yellowish, ob- long, glandulifcrous at the base. Slamens 5. Sligmas near!) sessile, capitate. Berries subglobose, red, villous, in small dense clusters.
Hab. In mountain tracts ; from New-England to Pennsylvania. Near Williams College, Massachusetts. Dewey. On the Catskill Mountains, New-York. Knevels and Brace. April.
According to Mr. Brace, the flowers are fretid. The R. ^uaveolens of Ait on does not appear to be a distinct species.
STAPHYLEA. PENTANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. 325
218. STAPHYLEA. L.
Calyx 5-parted, coloured. Petals 5, inserted upon the margin of a glandular pentangular disk. Capsules 2 — 3, inflated, partly united. Seeds 1 — 2 in each cap- sule, subglobose, with a lateral cicatrix. GV/z. pi. 507. jYutt. Gen. I. p. 204. Jiiss. p. 377. Lam. III. t. CCX. Roem. ^ Schulf. Gen. 1235. Nat. Ord. Rhamni /z/5J. Celastrin^ R. Broivn?
Bladder-nut.
S. trifolia L. : leaves ternate. Willd. Spec. I. p. 1 498. M i c h. Ft. I. p. 184. Purs h Fl. I. p. 206. Elliott 6"/:. I. p. 369. Roem. ^ Schult. \\.^.e,£^&. Cold, Moveh. 62. Staphylodendron G ro n. Virg. 34.
A shrub 6 — 10 feet high, erect, with smooth slender branches. Leaves on long pubescent peduncles; leaflets ovate, acu- minate, 2 — 3 inches long, acutely serrulate, pubescent ; the la- teral ones subsessile ; terminal one petiolate. Flowers in loose axillary and terminal pendulous racemes ; fiedicels nearly half an inch long. Calyj: greenish-white, deeply 5-parted ; seg- ments connivent, oblong, obtuse. Petals white, obovate, longer than the calyx, ciliate at the base. Stamens alternating with the petals, exstrted ; Jilaments capillary, slightly hairy ; an- thers roundish, yellow, 2-celled. Germen 3-celled ; cells 2— -3 seeded. 5;;/ /e deeply 3 -parted ; sf/j-mas capitate. Cafi- sules generally 3, large, membranaceous, cohering on the inner side, seldom with more than one of themf perfecting a single seed. Seed hard, subglobose, a little compressed, smooth and polished, with a small margined cicatrix on one side, above which is a minute oblique process.
Hab. On rocky hills. May.
ORDER IV.
T E T R A G Y N I A.
219. PARNASSIA. L.
Calyx 5-parted, persistent. Petals 5, inferior. Nec- taries of 5 scales, inserted into the claws of the petals, fringed with capitate cilise. Stigmas 4, sessile. Cap-
•{■ In the vicinity of New-York, where only I have examined it.
326 PENTANDRIA. TETRAGYNIA. parnassia,
5z//e 1 -celled, 4- valved; valves bearing incomplete dis- sepiments in the middle. Seeds membranaceously margined. Gen. pi. 523. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 205. Juss. p. 245. Lam. III. t. CCXVI. Gaert. Carp. t. 60. Roe tn. ^ Sckul t. Gen. 1251. Nat. Ord. uncertain. Capparidibus affinis, Juss.\
Grass of Parnassus,
\. P. caroliniana Mich, : radical leaves orbicular-ovate, cordate ; nectaries 3-bristled. JW i c A. F/. 1. p. 184. Pursk i^/.F.p.208. Elliott Sk.\.i^.Zll. Bot.. Mag. t. 1^59. Bo em. & Schult. VI. p. 696. P. americana et ovata Muhh Cat. p. 32 .''
Root perennial. Leaves mostly radical, from an inch and a half, to 2 inches or more in length, oval, roundish or subreniform, generally more or less cordate at the base, obtuse, very smooth, entire, 7 — 9 nerved ; petioles 2 — 4 inches long ; stem leaf be- low the middle, solitary, sessile, amplexicaul. Stem 12 — 18 inches high, simple, angular, naked, except the single leaf Floivers solitary, terminal, large, yellowish-white. Cahjx deeply Sparted ; segntents ovate, rather obtuse, nerved. Pe- tals broad-ovate, strongly veined, sessile, obtuse. J^ectaries 5, each fringed with 3 subulate processes, terminated by yelliiW pellucid heads. Stamens alternating with the petals ; Jila- ments shorter than the petals ; anthers oblong, incumbent. Style 0 ; stigmas 4, very small. Cafi&ule oblong, acute. Seeds very numerous, attach.ed to the margin of the dissepiments.
Hab. I;i wet boggy woods and in swamps. Canada to Carolina August — September.
2. P. pahistris L. : radical leaves cordate ; nectaries many-bristlrd. Willd. Spec. I. p. 1.516. Eng, Dot. t. 82, Pursh FL I. p. 208. M i c h. FL I, p^ 1 84," R o e m. &: Schult. VI. p. 694.
Hab. In bog-meadows. Pennsylvania to Virginia. Pursh. -f
I have never seen but one North-American species of Par-
NAssiA, and I suspect that no i«ther has yet been discovered.
Mi c hail X gives no habitat of his P. fialustris, nor is it enu=
merated in Muhlenberg's Catalogue. ■
f The Natural Order of Uiis slnt^iilar plant is still unsettled, scarcely, any two Botanists agreeing as to situation : — By 7?. Bro-un and Smit h, it is supposed to be allied to Saxifrara ; Ji da n a o n places it among his CisTi ; and Booker is inclined to re.'lr it to Hypericin^;. V ent sua.'. supposes il to constitute a distinct Order of itself.
ARALiA. PENTANDRIA. PENTAGYNIA, 32>
ORDER V. PENTAGYNIA.
220. Aralia. 222. Linum.
221. Statice. 223; Sibbaldia
220. ARALIA. JL.
Flowers Umbelled. Calyx 5-toothed, superior. Pe- tals 5. Stigmas sessile, subglobose. Berry 5- celled, 5-seeded. Gen. pi S25. Nutt. GVn. I. p. 205. Juss. p. 218. Lam. ML t. CCXXI. Roem. fe- Schult. Gen. 1552. Nat. Ord. Aralia /w 5^.
1. A. nudicauUs L. : nearly stemless; leaf solitary, tri- quinate ; scape naked, shorter than the leaf; umbels few. W ill d. Spec. \.-^.\b1\. Mich. Fl.\. ip.lSb. Pursh Fl. 1. p. 209. B i g. Bost. p. 74. Elliott Sk.\. p. 374. Roem.^' Schult. \\. p. 703. P luk. ./if/m. p. 98. t. 233. {,5. Gron. Virg. 34. Cold. Koveb. 66.
Root perennial, creeping, thick and irregular, aromatic. Stem very short, (scarcely any except the naked root.) Zea/ mostly solitary ; peiiule twice 3-parted, with the partitions quinate ; leaflets sessile, oval, acviminate, acutely serrate, smooth. Scape arising from the very short stem below the leaf, divided into 3- long peduncles, each bearing an umbel of 20 or 30 flowers. Involucrum 0. Pedicels spreading, filiform, nearly an inch long, hairy. Calyx with 5 minute acute teeth. Petals green- ish-white, spreading, caducous. Stamens longer than the pe- tals ; filaments subulate ; anthers small, roundish. Stigmaa minute, obtuse, connivent. Hab. In rich soil, among rocks; common. June— July-
fVild Sarsafiarilla. The root is frequently used as a substitute for Sarsaparilla.
2. A. racemosa L. : stem herbaceous, branched ; pe- tioles 3-parted ; partitions ternate and quinate; umbels com- pound, in axillary panicles. Willd. Spec. I. p. 1521. Mich. Fl. I. p. 1 85. Pursh Fl. I. p. 209. B ig. Bust. p. 74. Elliott Sk. I. p. 373. R 0 c m. c^- S c h ult, VI. p. 702. Cold. J^oteb. 67. Corn. Canad. t. 75.
Root perennial, thick and horizontal, aromatic. Stem 3—4 feet high, smooth, branched somewhat dichotomously. Leaves stnooth ; petiole 3-parted ; the terminal division on a long pe-
^2^ PENTANDRIA. PENTAGYNIA. azalia,
tiole; leaflets oval-oblong, acuminate, acutely and doubly ser- rate. Umbeh very numerous, in large axillary panicles ; pe- dicels short. Petals white, oblong, acute, reflexed. Styles 3 — 5, very short. Har. In rocky woods. Near Flushing, Long-Island. Princ e. Common in the interior of the country, but rare near the sea- coast, July — August, Sjiikenard.
3. A. hispida M i c h. : sufFruticose ; stem and petioles hispid ; lobes doubly pinnate ; leaflets ovate, incisely ser- rate; umbeU on long peduncles. Mich. Fl. I. p. 185. Bol. Mag. \0^5, Vent. Hort. C els t. 4], PurshFi. I, p. 209. Big* Bost.T^.lA. Roem. k S c hid t. V]. \>. 703.
Stejn a foot and a half high, shrubby at the base, which is thickly covered with stiff bristles. Leajlets about an inch long, sessile, acutely senate. Peduncles terminal and axillary, bearing 2 — 4 umbels. Jnvolucrum of many short subulate bracts„ Pedicels filiform, smooth. Flowers greenish-white. Petals reflexed.
Hab. In rocky woods and on mountains ; rare near the sea- coast. July — August. IVild Elder.
4. A. spinosa L.: arborescent; stem and leaves spinous; leaves doubly pinnate ; umbels numerous, in compound pani- cles. tVilld. Spec. \. p.lb^]. Mich. F/. I. p. 186. Pvrsh F/. I. p. 209. Elliott Sk. I. p. 372. IV a 1 1. Car.p.117. Roem. Sy- Schult. Y\. ^.10\. G r o n. Virg.M. P/«yl-. yy^/?z. p.90. t. 20. C o I d. Noveb. QZ.
A shrub 8 — 12 feet high, stem erect, straight, simple, very prickly. Leaves mostly terminal, large ; leaflets ovate, acu- minate, with minute distant teeth; petioles prickly. Panicles very large, terminal ; umbels 15-^20-flowered. Petals white, caducous, reflexed. Hab. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg: Angelica-tree. —
Prickly- Jsh. According to Cold en, this plant is a native of New-York.
221. STATICE. L.
Calyx inferior, 1 -leaved, entire, plaited, scarious. Petals 5. Capsule 1-seeded, without valves, covered with the persistent calvx. Gen. pi. 527. jyutt. Gen. I. p. 205. Juss. 92. La??i. III. t. CCXIX. R 0 e m. b' S chit 1 1. Gen. 1268. Nat. Ord. Pl um^ BAGiNE^ Juss. Thrifty
1. S. Armeria L. : scape simple, terete, capitate: leaves
STATicE. PENTANDRIA. PENTAGYNIA. 329
linear, flat. Willd. Spec, I. p. 1522. Smith F I. Brit. I. p. 340. Eng. Bot.t. 2-26. P w r s /i F/. I. p. 212. Ar- iiEKiA vulgaris Roem.^Schult, VI. p. 771.
Root perennial, large and ligneous. Leaves all radical, cespi- tose, canaliculate, smooth. 5ca/2e about a foot higli, sinnple, bearing a rounr'ish head of rose-coloured flowers. Involucrum many-leaved, scarisius.
Hab On rocks near the sea-short. Pennsylvania to Virginia. Furs/i. _ Thrift.
A doiib fill native, Pursh has made some mistake re- specting the habitat, as there is no " sea-shore" to PennsyU vania.
2. S. Limonium L, : scape paniculate, terete ; leaves o1j= long, undulate, pmootli and nerveless, mucronate below the tip. Willd. Spec. I. p. 1523. Smith FL Brit. 1. p. 341. Eng. Bot. t. 102. Big. Bost. p. ^6. E I I i o t i Sk. I. p. 374. Roem, &r Schult.W.p.lll. S. caroliniand Walt> Car. p. l\8. P w r s /i F/. 1. p. 212. Big. Med. Bot. II. p. 51. t, 25. R.&lS.I.c.
Root perennial, large, ligneous, very astringent. Leaves all ra- dical, oblong-lanceolate, rather obtuse, or mucronate, with a minute bent point under the extremity; margin distinctly un- dulate ; under surface slightly veined. Scafie longer than the leaves, nearly terete, striate, with several lanceolate amplexi- caul bracts. Panicle very large, much branched ; branches al- ternate, corymbtd, bracteate. Flowers sessile, secund, veined, with 3 imbricate bracts at the base. Calyx tubular, 5-angled, co- loured, hairy at the base ; teeth 5, lanceolate, acute, with 5 short bifid intermediate teeth. Corolla blue ; fietals^ obovate, unguiculate, rather longer than the calyx. Stamens included ; filaments compressed, inserted at the base of the petals ; an- thers incumbent, roundish, purple. Styles filiform, shorter than the stamens; stigmas simple. Seed oblong, angular, trun- cate.
Hab. In salt marshes and on rocky shores. August— Octo= Ijgj.^ Marsh Rosemary,
The root is a. valuable astringent I am unable to distinguish any essential difference between the North-American and Eu- ropean varieties of this plant.
222. LINUM. L.
Calyx deeply 5-parted, persistent. Petals 5, ungui- culate. F laments united at the base. Capsule supe- rior, subglobose, lO-valved, 10-celled. Sdcds solitary, ovate, compressed. Geji. pL 528. Nutt. Gen. l.p, 206. Juss.]p.3Q3. Lam. 111.1291. Roe mi 42
330 PENTANDRTA. PENTAGYNIA. linum.
^ Schult. Gen. 1260. Nat. Ord. Caryophylle^ Juss. LiNEiE Z)^ Cand. Flax.
1. L. virginimwm L. : stem paniculate at the summit j radical leaves obovate and spathulate ; cauline ones lanceo- late ; flowers remote, alternate ; segments of the cal}x acute. Will d. Spec. 1 538. M i c h. Fl. II. p. 36. Pursh FL J. p. 210. Elliott Sk. h\>.^l. Walt, Car. p. 117: Roem, ^ Schult. YI. p. 749. G r o n. Firg. 35.
Root annual. Seem a foot and a half or 2 feet high, erect, very slender, smooth, simple, except towards the summit, which is more or less branched in a paniculate manner. Leaves scat- tered, alternate, or rarely opposite, about an inch long, smooth j those on the upper part of the stem very acute. Flowers very small, on pedicels about 2 lines long, secund. Segments of the calyx broad-ovate, acuminate, carinate. Petals pale yel- low, ovate. Cafxsule depressed, globose.
Hab. On rocky hills ; common. July — August.
2. L. usiiaiissimum L. : segments of the calyx ovate, acute, 3-uervcd ; petals crenate ; leaves lanceolate, alternate ; stem subsolitary. W i 1 1 d. Spec. I. p. 1536. Smit h Fl, Brit. I. p. 342. Ey}g. But. t. 1357. Pursh FL I. p. 210o Roem. <^ Schult. VI. p. 736.
Root annual, fibrous. Stem a foot and a half high, simple be- low, branched above. Leaves numerous, very acute. Floivers pedicellate, large. Petals obovate, crowded or crenate. Sta-' mens united at the base. Catsule acuminate.
Hab. In fields and pastures ; common. June — July. Intro- duced. Common Flax,
223. SIBBALDIA. L. Calyx 10-clfcft, with the alternate segments nar- rower. Petals 5, inserted on the calyx. Styles pro- ceeding laterally from the germen. Seeds 5, clustered in the bottom of the ciilyx. Gen. pi. 5c)6. JWi 1 1. Gen. I. p. 207. Juss. p. 337. La?n. III. t. CCXXI. Jioem. W Schult. Gen. 1266. Nat. Ord. Ro5ACEJE .luss.
S. procximbens L. : leaves ternate ; leaflets cuneate, tri- dentate, smooth above, hairy beneath; flovv^ers corymbed ; petals lanc(^olate, acute, about as long as the calyx. Willdo Spec. I. p. 15G7. Sm i t h FL Brit. 1. p. 345. Eng. Bot. t. 897. Pursh FL\.T^.21U Roem. 4r Schult. \\. p. 768.
A small procumbent plant, with the habit of Potentilla triden-
tata. Floivers yellow. Hab. On the high mountains of Canada and Vermont. Pursh.
pROSERA. PENTANDRIA. HEXAGYNIA. 331
ORDER VI. HEXAGYNIA.
224. DROSERA. Calyx deeply 5-cleft, persistent. Petals 5. An- thers adnate. Styles 6. Capsule superior, 3 -celled, 3 — 5-valved, manv -seeded. Gen. pi. 531. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 141. Juss. p. 245. Lam. III. t. CCXX. Roem. £sr Schult. Gen. 1263. Nat. Ord. Cappa- RiDES Ju s s. Droserace/E De C and. Leaves radical, glandalous. Flowers on scapes. Sun-dew.
1. D. rotundifolia L. : leaves suborbicular, dilated ; pe- tiole elongated, hairy above ; racemes mostly simple, erect. Willd. Spec. I. p. 1345. Smith Fl. Brit. I. p. 346. Eng. Bo/, t. 867. Mich, FLl.p. ISG. P ur s h FL I. p,2]0. B i g. Bost. p. 75. Elliott Sk. I. p. 375. Walt. Car, p. 117. Roem, ^ Schult. VI. p. IGO.
Root perennial. Leaves all rarlical, spreading circularly on the ground, covered with brownish filaments, each with a drop of viscid fluid at the extremity. Scafie 4 — 8 inches long, erect, smooth, slender, at first involute, bearing from 5 — 10 very small secund flowers in a simple, or rarely in a bifid, raceme. Pedicels about a line long. Segments of the calyx linear-ob- long, obtuse, reddish. Petals white, oblong, obtuse, marces- cent. Stamens 5 ; anthers 2-lobed, turned outwards ; fiollen granular. Styles 5 — 6, very short ; stigmas simple. Cafisule oblong, longer than the calyx. Seeds very numerous, attenuate at each extremity.
Hab. In wet boggy grounds, particularly where Sphagnum abounds ; common. July — August.
2. D. longifolia L. : leaves crenate-obovate, tapering be- low into a long footstalk, erect-spreading; scape declined at the base; stipules many-cleft, capillaceous ; segments of the calyx ovate-oblong, obtuse. Willd. Spec. I. p. 1544. Smith Fl. Brit. 1. p. 347. Eng. Bot. t. 868. M i c h. FL I. p. 186. Pursh Fl.l.p.lW. Elliot t Sk.Lp.37G. J^utt. Gen. I. p. 141. Roem. ^ Schult. VI. p. 761, D. americana M uhl. Cat. p. 33. Willd, Enum. Hurt. Berol. p-. 340. R. k S. 1. c. p. 765. D.foliosa Elliott Sk. 1. c. p. 376. D. angustifolia Gold, in Edm. Phil, Jour. VI. p. 323.?
Root perennial. Caudex when overflowed often elongated
332 PENTANDRIA. HEXAGYNIA. drosera^
2 4 inches, and then appearing caulescent. Leaves obovate or
spathulate, on very long naked petioles, with scarious many- cleft stipules at the base. Scafie radical, bent down, and then ascending, a little longer than the leaves, smooth. Racemes simple, secund, 5— 7-flowcred. Pedicels about one line long„ Styles sometimes 7. Cafisule ovate. Seeds ovate, obtuse. Hab. In bog-meadows, and in sandy swamps, July— August. Very common in the pine barrens of New-Jersey, and in swamps on the sea-coast of Long-Island.
This species varies much in size, breadth and length of tl^e leavfs, Sec. but is easily distinguished by its declined scapCj broader segments of the calyx, and capillary stipules. It much resembles the European plant, but may be distinct.
2. D.Jiliformis Raf,: leaves filiform, very long, glandu- lous the whole length ; scape simple or bifid. R af. in Med. Rep, il. p. 360. Ejusd, in Dtsx, Journ. de Bot. I. p. 227. Pursh PL l. p,2l]. J^utt. Gen. I p. U2, Roem.ir Schult. VI. p. 763. D. tenaifolia Will d. Enum. Hort. Berol. p. 340. Muhl. Cat. p. 33. R. k S. 1. c.
Root perennial. Leaves filiform, 6 — 10 inches long, covered all over, except on the under surface, with brown glandular fila- ments, which, as in the rest of the genus, frequently entangle small insects, at first spirally involute, but at lengtn straight, and when old, tortuous. Sti/iules a lanuginous web. Sca/ie smooth, terete, longer tlian t'le leaves, subcompound. Flowers racemose, secund, on glandular pedicels about 2 lines long; bracts subulate. Calyx glandular-pubescent ; segments un- equal, oblong, obtuse. Petals large, obovate, pale purple, with darker veins. Stamens 5, shorter than the petals ; anthers large, oblong, 2-lulbed, yellow. Styles 6 ; stigmas incraa- saied upwards. Cajisiile oblong. Seeds numerous, ovate, acute, black, punctate, Hab. In sandy swamps on the banks of small creeks in the pine barrens of New-Jersey, particularly abundant about Qua- ker Bridge and Atsion. Near Tuckerton, N. J. Pursb.. In Sussex county, Delaware. Rafinesgue. Near Ply- inoutl), Massachusetts. Bige I ovf. August — September.
This species was first discovered by Mr. R afine s que. and described by him as early as the year 1808, in the work above quoted. It is a remarkable plant, resembling D. lusi- tanica^ which has 10 stamens, and the flowers subumbellate
xANTHORHizA, PENTANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. 333
ORDER VII. POLYGYNIA,
225. XANTHORHIZA. Marshall.
Calyx 0. Petals 5. Nectaries 5, obovate, pedi= cellate. Capsules 5 — 8, 1-seeded, half 2-valved. Marsh. Arb. p. 167. Gen. pi 1581. . Xutt. Gen, I. p. 207. Zow. ///. t. DCCCLIV. Roem, ^ Schult. Gen. 1274. Xanthorhiza V Her it. Stirp. I. p. 79. t. 38. Juss. p. 234. Nat. Ord. RANUNcuLACEiE Juss. Yellow-root.
X. apiifolia rH eri L 1. c. Will d. Spec. I. p. 1 568. ■A i t. Kew. I. p. 399. Bot. Mag. t. 1 736. M i c h, Fl. I. p. 186. Pursh F/. I. p. 222. Elliott Sk. I. p. 377. Bart, Veg. Mat. Med. II. t. 46. R o em. S/ S chult, VI. p. 801. X. simplicissima Marsh. 1. c. p. 168. X. tinctoria Woodhouse in Med. Rep. V. p. 159, cum icone.
Boot large, 3 — 12 inche? long, yellow and very bitter, throwing up numerous scions. Seem shrubby below, 2 — 3 feet high, slender and very smooth. Leaves alternate, mostly terminal, bipinnate ; leaflets sessile, lanceolate, incisely toothed, smooth above, a little pubescent beneath. Flowers in compound ra- cemes, subterminal. Petals oblong, acute, dark purple. J\/ec- taries obovate, 2-lobed, shorter than the petals, and alternating with them, dark purple. Stamens 5 — 8 ; filaments shorter than the petals; crarAers incumbent. Gerwen«' 2— 3 -seeded, (Nutt.) Cafisules (by abortion) l-seeded, inflated, com- pressed, opening from the acute extremity, half way down> Seed oblong, compressed.
Hab. In Pennsylvania. April. Muhlenberg.
The root is a valuable yellow dyC) and is also a strong and pleasant bitter,
CLASS VI. HEXiVNDRIA.
ORDER I. ^MONOGYNIA.
A. Flowers complete, having a calyx and corolla^
226. Tradescantia. 228. Berberis.
227. Leontice. 229. Prinos,
230, FlcerkeAc
B. Flowers spathaceous,
231. Amaryllis. 233. Hypoxis.
232. Allium. 2:j4. Pontederja.
C. Flowers naked, f Without a spath ; perianth single.^
pelaloid.J
235. CoNOSTYLiSo 241. Ornithogalum.
236. Aletkis. 242. Lilium.
237. Hemerocallis. 243. Erythronium.
238. Agave. 244. Uvulara. 23"'. Phalangium. 245. Streptopus. 240. Nakthecium. 246. Convallaria.
247. Asparagus.
D. Flowers incomplete. (Perianth single^ resembling «-
calyx.J
248. Orontium. 250. Juncus.
249. Acorus. 251. Luzula.
226. TRADESCANTIA. L. Cali/x 3-leaved. Fefa/s 3. Filaments villous. Cap- sule superior, 3-celled, many-seeded. Gen. pi. 543. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 209. Juss. p. 45. Lafn. III. t. 226. Nat. Ord. Junci Juss. Commeline^ R. Brown. Spider-wort.
TRADESCANTiA. HEXANDRlA. MONOGYNIA. 335
1. T. virginica L.: erect; leaves lanceolate, elongated, smooth ; flowers in a crowded umbel, sessile, pubescent. WiUd. Spec. II. p. 16. Bot. Mas» t. 105. Mich. FL I. p. 193. Pxirsh FLl.ip.2l8, E lliott Sk. I. Tp.SBO. Bart. FL Am. Sept. II. t. 41. T. cristata Walt. Car. p. 319. Moris. Sect.Y. t. 2. f. 4.
Root perennial, creeping. Stem about a foot high, a little succu- lent, branched very smooth. Leaves linear-lanceolate, a little pubescent and ciliate, canaliculate, sheathing at the base. Flowers in terminal compound clusters or imperfect umbels, with a large 2-leavedin-yo/wcrwOTat the base; clusters sessile. Calyx persistent ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, rather acute. Co- rolla purple or blue, very fugacious ; fietals ovate, twice as long as the calyx. Stamens shorter than the corolla; ^/a- menta densely covered with a blue down or hair ; anthers large, crescent-shaped, yellow. Style filiform, as long as the stamens ; stigma capitate. Capsule obtusely triangular, 3-cell- ed, 3-valved, covered by the calyx. Seeds 2 — 3 in each cell, compressed, angular.
Hab. In shady woods. Pennsylvania to Carolina. Pursh. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. May. My specimens are from Lake Michigan.
2. T. rosea M i c h. : erect, simple ; leaves linear ; pe- duncles eloneated; calyx smooth. Mich. FL I. p. 193. Vent. Hort7Cels p. 24. t. 24. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 310. Purs/t F/. I. p. 218. Elliott Sk.l.ip. 381. T. virgi- nica IV a It. Car. p. 119.
JRoot perennial, creeping. Stem nearly a foot high, sometimes a little branched. Leaves 6 — 8 inches long, and 2 lines broad, smooth, canaliculate, sheathing at the base. Flowers much smaller than in the preceding species, in a loose terminal head. Pedicels nearly an inch long. Involucrum of 2 or 3 small subulate leaves. Calyx smooth ; leaflets ovate-oblong, spr.tted. Petals bright rose-colour, twice as long as the calyx. Cafisule obtusely triangular, with one or two seeds in each cell.
Hab. In Pennsylvania. May. Muhlenberg.
227. LEONTICE. L. Calyx 6-leaved, caducous. Petals 6, unguiculate, opposite the calyx. Nectaries 6, inserted upon the claws of the petals. Anthers adnate to the filaments, 2-celled ; cells opening longitudinally. Pericarp rup- turing at an early period, leaving the large naked drupe- form seed elevated on its funiculus. R. Brown in Lm. Trans. XII. p. 145. t. 7. Gen. pL 571. Juss. p. 287. Lam. IlLx. 254. Caulophyllum Mich,
336 HEXANDRIA, MONOGYNIA, leontice.
jy. I. p.204, Nutt, G^«, I. p. 210, Nat Ord, Berberide^ Juss.
L. Thaliclroides L.: leaves bi-triternate ; leaflets 2 — 3- lobed; flowers paniculate from the centre of the leaveso 6/7. p/. 448. W ill d. Spec. W.^.l^d. R. Brownie, Caulophyllum Thaliclroides Mich. Fl. I. p. 205. t. 21, PurshFL].p.2]8. Elliott Sk. l.p.4)U Jivtt, Gen. 1. c. Leontice foliis supradecompositis, Gran. Virgc 151. Cold. Novtb. 15.
Root perennial. Stem about a foot high, erect, very smooth, ge- nerally 2-leaved; the lower leaf triternate; upper one biter- nate ; leaflets oyate, nearly sessile, except the terminal one, which is petiolate and equally 3-lobed at the extremity; lobes acute. Panicle loose and racemose when there is but one leaf to the stem, proceeding from the divisions of the petiole ; when there is a second leaf, it proceeds from the base of this. Pedicels bracteate. Calyx spreading ; leaves small and un- equal, lanceolate, 2— S, sometimes wanting. Petals greenish- yellow, ovate-lanceolate, unguiculate ; margin reflexed, 3 — 5- nerved. A''eciarics one-third the length of the petals, ungui- culate, subreniform, somewhat fleshy ; margin glutinous. Stamens very short ; Jilaments inserted at the base of the germen ; anthers oblong-cordate, opening by elastic longitu- dinal valves. Germen 2-seeded. Cafisule rupturing soon after the flower decaji-s; one of the seeds proving abortive, the other elevated on its short thick funiculus, which resembles a pedi- cel, when ripe large, aod of a dark blue colour; albumen large and horny. Hab. In shady woods abounding with rocks ; commonly in moun- tainous situations. Canada to Carolina. April — May. Cohosh. The true structure of the fruit of this plant was entirely misunderstood, until it was described by the learned and inge- nious R. Brown. What was supposed to be a drupe by Mic hau X, and all suceeding Botanists, is only a naked seed which had early ruptured its pericarp, the remains of which are easily seen at its base ; the " nux cornea crassissima" is the albumen, and the "seed" is the embryo.
228. BERBERIS. L. Calyx 6-leaved, Petals 6, with 2 glands on each claw. Style 0. Stigma umbilicate. Berry 1- celled, 2— 4-seeded. Gen. pi. 405. JVu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 210. Juss. p. 286. Lam. III. t. 253. Nat. Ord. Ber- BERiDEiE Juss. Filaments irritable. B. vulgaris h canadensis Willd.: branches punctate- armed with trifid spines ; leaves oblong-obovate, distinctly ciliate-serrate ; racemes simple, subcorymbose, rectfrved. W i 1 1 d. Spec, II. p. 227, B, vulgaris M i c h. FL I. p. 205.
BBRBERis. HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIAo 33?
Big. Bost. p. 78. Walt. Car. p. 120. B. canadensis Pursk FLhip.2lO, E lliott Sk. I. o. 412, JV m U, Gen. I. p,2II.
A shrub 3 — 4 feet high^ with numerous yellowish branches. Boot large, creepint^, yellow. Leaves alternate, often fascicu- late, about an inch long, narrowed at the base into a petiole. Sfiines subaxillary, generally 3-parted, but sonaetimes simple. Racemes about 2 inches long, proceeding from the fascicles of leaves, gradually becoming recurved or pendulous. Pedicelt aggregated, bracteate ; the lower ones elongated. Calyx co- loured, deciduous ; leaflets unequal, obovate ; the interior ones larger. Corolla yellovyr ; fietala as long as the interior leaves of the calyx, ovate, often emarginate, with 2 small purple glands at the base. Stamens shorter than the petals ; y?/c- ments very irritable when touched on the inside, near the base ; anthers adnate. Germen superior; stigma sessile, broad, margined Berries oblong, red, extremely acid, 2-seeded.
Hab. On mountains and rocky hills ; also along the borders of woods and in hedges ; common. May — June.
The American Barberry resembles the European Variety in almost every respect.
229. PRINOS. L,
Calyx minute, 6-cleft. Corolla monopetaloiis, sub- f-otate, 6-parted. Berry 6-seeded, Gen. pi. 594. Niitt. Gen. I. p. 212. Juss. p. 379. Lam. III. t 255. Nat. Ord. Rhamni Juss. Flowers often polygamous or dioecious. TV inter -berry <>
1 . P. verticillatus L. : leaves deciduous, oval, serrate, acuminate, pubescent beneath; flowers 6-parled ; staminife- rous axillary, subumbellate; pistilliferous aggregated. Willi. %c. II, p. 225. P ?/ r 5 A F/. I. p. 220. Big.Bost.^. 79. Ejiisd. Med. Bot. III. p. 141. t. 55. Bart. Veg, Mat. Med. t. 1 7. P. Gronovii M ich. FL II. p. 236. Aqui- folium foliis deciduis, D uham. Arb. I. p. 62. t. 23. G r on, Virg. 39.
A shrub 6 — 8 feet high, mtich branched. Leaves alternate, acu^ minate, about 2 inches long, and one inch broad, uncinately serrate, with prominent veins beneath ; petioles half an inch long. i^/owfr» white, dioecious: StaminIferous in small ax- illary umbels ; fiedicels about one-fourth of an inch long. Calyx deeply 6-parted ; segments ovate, acute. Corolla sometimes 7-parted ; segments oblong, rounded r Pistillife- rous nearly sessile, aggregated. Berries globose, scarlet^ crowded in bunches, and thus apf>earing verticillate.
Hab. In moist woods and in swamps. June- Black Jlder, 43
338 HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. prinos.
fl tenuifolivs* : leaves obovate, membranaceous, smooth beneath ; pistilliferous flowers 4— 6-cleft, subsolitary. P. padifolius Willd. Ejxum, Ilort. Berol. p. 394 ?
A shriib about 5 feet high ; branches very slender. Leaves pe- liolate, ancinately serrate, obtuse, or with a short abrupt acu- mination, smooth beneath, except a slight pubescence on the midrib. Pistilliferous Jioivers on very short pedicels, gene- rally solitary. Berries scarlet. ^ , , ^r
Hab. In the cedar swamp, near New-Durham, New-Jersey.
This may possibly be the V. ambiguus ot Pur s hy but not of Michau x. It is scarcely a distinct species.
2. P. ambiguus M i c H. : leaves deciduous, oval, acumi- nate at each end; flowers 4-cleft; staminiferous ones crowded on the lower branchlets ; pistilliferous solitary. Mich. Fl. II. p. 236. Pwrs/i F/. 1. p. 220? JV m U. Gen. I. p» 213o
A small tree with smooth whitish bark. Leaves elliptical-oval, entire, with a mucronulate point, smooth on both sides, an inch and a half long, and one inch broad ; petioles nearly half aa inch lung. Pistilliferous flowers on long peduncles. Nu 1 1,
Hab. Near Philadelphia. Barton,
3. P. Icevigaius Ph. : leaves deciduous, lanceolate, with adpressed serratures, smooth on both sides, shining above j nerves beneath scarcely pubescent ; flowers 6-cleft ; pistilli- ferous axillary, solitary, subsessile ; staminiferous scattered^ Piers h Fl. 1. p. 320. Muhl. Cat. p. 36 ?
A shrub 6 — 8 feet high ; branches gray, minutely verrucosa Leaves about 2 and a half inches long, and three-fourths of an inch broad, petiolate, acute at each extremity, obsoletely ser* rulate, smooth on both sides, except on the nerves beneath, which are a little pubescent. , Pedicels of the staminiferous flowers often an inch long. Pistilliferous flowers on pedicels about 2 lines long. Berries red.
Hab. In swamps. Near Philadelphia, and in the pine barrens of New- Jersey. Also in the cedar swamp, near New-Dur- ham, N. J. June.
I suspect this to be the plant described by W« f r a H as the P. ambiguus. There is little doubt that it is Pursh' s P, Itevigatus.
4. P. glaber L. : leaves sempervirent, cuneate-lanceo- late, coriaceous, smooth and shining, subdentate at the extre- mity ; pedicels axillary, subsolitary, mostly 3-flowered. ffU/rf. Spec,; IL p. 226. jiit. Kew. hip. ATS. Mich. F/. II. p. 236. Pttrj/i FM. p.220. W al L Car,], ipi 2.47,
PRiNos. HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 339
An evergreen shrub, 3 — 4 feet high. Leaves alternate, very- smooth, and of a leathery texture, acute, with several obscure teeth at the extremity. Floivers perfect? white. Pedicels half an inch long. Segments of the corolla ovate, rounded. Berries globose, black, shining. Seeds naciform, oblong, com- pressed.
IIab. In svfamps and in barren sandy woods. July. Ink-berry.
230. FL£ERKEA. JVi lid enow.
Calyx 3-leaved. Corolla 3-petalled, shorter thaQ the calyx. Style bifid. Utricidi 2 — 3, united, l-seed- ed, superior. JFilld. in Act. Nat, Cur. Berol. III. 1801. Nutt. Gen.\.^.'22'^. Muhl Cat.^. ^^. Nat. Ord. JuNCi ./z^ j^. (Correa,)\
F. uliginosa Muhl. \. c. N ut t. Gen. I. c. R af. in Sill. Jour. I. p. 373. F, proserpinacoides WiUd. I. c. F. lacustris P er s. St/n. I. p. 393. Nectrjs pinnata P ursh fL I. po 229o
Root annual. Stem decumbent, slender, terete, very smooth, and a little succulent. Leaves alternate, on long petioles, trifid and pinnatifid ; segments about 5, lanceolate, with dichotomous nerves; the superior ones confluent. Peduncles axillary, at iiength elongated and reflexed. Calyx deeply ,1-parted, per- sistent ; segments spreading, ovate, acute, obscurely 3-nerved. Petals white, scarcely half the length of the calyx on which they are inserted, oblong, pubescent at the base. Stamens very short, inserted at the base of the calyx ; the alternate ones seated upon 3 minute glands ; anthers minute, roundish, 2rcelled. Style inserted between the fVuit, bifid ; stigmas mi- nute, capitate. Utriculi generally 2, roundish, papillose. Seed roundish; " corcu^wm erect, flat ; cotyledons convex, peltate; radicle inferior ; /leris/ierm none.*' JV'k 1 1.
Hab. In marshes on the banks of rivers. On the Hudson, near Troy. James. Near Hudson. Abbot. Banks of the §chuylkillj near PhilEydeliihia. R afi nesque, April — May.
231. AMARYLLIS. L,
Corolla superior, 6-p2talled, irregular. Filaments arising from the orifice of the tube, declined or straight, unequal. Gen. pi. 554^. JYutt. Gen. I. p, 214.
f Mr. JVuttall informs ma, that, from a recent examination of tliis plant, lie is of opinion, that it should be tha type of a new Natui-al Order, allied to the CHccirEP.aj.
340 HEXANDRiA. MONOGYNIA. Amaryllis.
Juss. p. 55. Lam. Ill t. CCXXVII. Nat. Orel Narcissi Juss. Amaryllide^ R. Brown.
A. Atamasco L : spath bifid, acute ; flower pedicellate ; corolla subcampanulate, subequal, erect, short and tubular at the base ; stamens declined, equal. Willd. Spec. IL p. 51. Bot. Mag. t. 239. VHerit. Sert. Ang. t. 10. M ich. FU I. p. 187. Pursh Fl. I. p. 222. Walt, Car, p. 120. Catesb. Car. App. t. 12.
Root bulbous. Leaves linear, entire, somewhat succulent, con= cave, glabrous, about a foot long. Scafie 6 inches high, 1 -flowered, terete, arising from among the lateral leaves. Spath 1 -leaved, a little coloured, opening at one side, 2-cleft at the summit. Corolla 6-petalled, slightly united into a tube at the base; fietals all lanceolate, acute, equal, white; the 3 exterior striate, and tinged with pink at the summit. FUa-' ■merits shorter than the petals ; anthers incumbent. Germen inferior, pedicellate, nearly cylindrical. Style longer than the stamens, inclining to one side of the corolla ; stigma 3-cleft. Cafisules 3-valved, 3-celled. Seeds many ^n each cell. EIL
Hab. In Pennsylvania. June. Muhlenberg. Native?
232. ALLIUM. L.
Corolla 6-parted, spreading, Spath many-flowered. Umbpl crowded. Capsule superior, 3-celled, 3-valved, many -seeded. Gen. pi 557. NutU Gen. I. p. 214. Ju ss. p. 53. Lam. Ill t. 242. Nat. Ord. Aspho- DELETE Juss. Oniony &c,
1. A. canadense L,: scape naked, terete; leaves linear; head bulbiferouB, Willd. ^pec. IL p. 78. Mic h. Fl. I. p. 194. Pursh Fl.{.^.n3. E I liot I Sk. \. ^. 385. Walt. Car. p, 121.
Root bulbous. Leaves very long, narrow, flat above, but a little rounded on the back.. Scafie about a foot and a half high, smooth, slender. Head bearing buibs and flowers. Pedicels about three-fourths of an inch long. Corolla pale rose-colour- ed ; fietqls oval, obtusCp Stamens scarcely exserted ; y?/a- ments simple.
Hab. In moist meadows. May.
2. A, vineale L. : cauline leaves rounded, fistulous ; um- bel bulbiferous ; stamens alternately tricuspidate. Willd. Sptc. \\. p. 73. Smith Fl. Brit. I. p. 359. E7ig, Bot. t. 1974. Pursh F/. I. p. 222.
Bulb ovate, small. Stem about 2 feet high, slender, striate, a little leaty. Leaves a foot or more in length. Spath of 2
ALLIUM. HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIAe 341
small deciduous leaves. Umbel or head small when bearing bulbs, few-flowered ; fiedicels capillary, half an inch, or one inch long. Bulbs often numerous, obovate, spreading, sessile. Corolla deep rose-coloured mixed with green. Stamens ex- serted ; JilamenU flattened ; the lateral ones with 2 lateral pro- cesses. &2//<? filiform; «r^§•ma simple. Ca^sw/e triangular. Hau. In meadows and pastures j very common. Introduced.
Wild Garlic. A very pernicious weeds v/hich it is difficult to extirpate.
3. A. trijlorum R af.t scape naked, terete, shorter than the leaves; leaves lanceolate, nerved ; umbel few flowered. R af. in Med. Rep. XI. p. 362. Pursh Fl.L^. 223.
Hab. In shady woods on the high mountains of Pennsylvaniac May — June. Pursh. . Mountain Leeks.
4. A. cernuum Roth: scape naked, quadrangular, um- belliferous; leaves linear, nearly flat; umbel cernuous ; sta- mens simple; germen 6-toothed, Roth in Annals of Bot, II. p. 27. Bot. Mag. t. 1324. Pursh Fl. I. p. 732. M uhl. Cat. p. 34 .? Elliott Sk. I. p. 385 ?
Bulb tunicated. Z-ffaTf"* all radical, 8 — 12 inches long, 3 lines broad, flat, striate, sheathing at the base. Scafie 1 — 2 feet high, slightly compressed, bent near the summit- Umbel many- flowered. Petals lanceolate, rose-coloured. Filaments longer than the petals. Cafisul'e nearly globose. Seeds selitary. Ell.
Hab. In Pennsylvania. July. Muhlenberg,
I am doubtful about the synonyms of Mu hlcnber g and Elliott. They probably refer to a distinct plant from the one described by Roth.
5. A. tricoccum -4i t.: scape naked, nearly terete; leaves lanceolate-oblong, flat, smooth ; umbel globose ; seeds soli- tary. Willd. Spec. II. p. 81. /lit. Kew. I. p. 428. Pursh FL I. p. 223.
Bulb large, oblong. Leaves about 4 inches long, and an inch or more broad. Scafie a foot high, striate. S/iath 1 -leaved, de- ciduous. C7/;j6f/ spreading, about 10-flowered; fiedicels half an inch long. Corolla white. Stamens not exserted; filaments all simple. Ca^5w/e obtusely triangular ; cells l-seeded.
Hab. In shady woods, especially on mountains. Near Williams College. Deivey. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. June— July.
233. HYPOXIS. L.
Spath 2-valved. Corolla superior, G- parted, per- sistent. Capsule elongated, narrowed at the base, 3-celled. many-seeded. Seeds roundish, naked. Gen.
342 HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. hypoxis.
pi. 565. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 215 Juss. p. 55. Lam. III. i. 229. Nat. Ord. Asphodele^ Jussf
Star-grass,
H. erecta L. : hairy; scape 2— 4-flowered ; leaves linear ; segments of the corolla lanceolate-oblong. Wit Id. Spec, H. p. 106. Bot. Mag. t. 710. Pursh Fl. I. p. 224. Big. Bost. p. 80. Elliott Sk. I. p. 396. Bart. FL Am. Sept. L t. 35. f. 1. JV n 1 1. Car. p. 121. H. carolini- ensis M i c h. Fl. I. p. 1 88. Ornithogalum vernuti^ luteum, iic. Gron. Virg. 37. Cold. Jioveh. 16. Pluk. Alm^ t,315. f. 12.
Root bulbous, solid, ovate. Leaves all radical, longer than the scape, sparsely hirsute, linear and gramineous. Scafie 4 — 6 inches long, slender, subunibellaie at the summit ; pedicels un- equal, with subulate stipules at the base. Floivers generally about 4, rarely solitary. Corolla yellow within, hairy and greenish on the outside, ovate, or lanceolj^te-oblong, rather ob- tuse. Stamens unequal, much shorter than the corolla ; fila- vnenis subulate ; anthers linear-oblong, incumbentj bifurcate at each extremity. Style filiform, about as long as the stamens j stigma incrassated, glandular. Cafisule oblong, 3-celled, 3-valved. Seeds numerous, ovate, angular, black.
Hab. In dry open woods and in meadows. May — June.
Yellow Star of Bethlehem, This plant varies considerably in size, breadth of leaves, and in number of flowers. I have observed a variety with leaves nearly half an inch broad. Sometimes it occurs with very long and narrow leaves ; in which state it is probably H. graminea oi P ur a h>
234. PONTEDERIA. L.
Corolla inferior, 6- cleft, bilabiate; under side of the tube perforated with 3 longitudinal foramina ; lower part persistent, calycine. Stamens unequally inserted, 3 of them upon the summit of the tube. Utriculus muricate, 1-seeded, Gen. pL 54>5. Nutt. Gen. L p. 215. Juss. p. 55. Lam. III. t. 225. Nat. Ord. Narcissis affinis Juss.
P. cordaia L. : leaves oblong-cordate ; flowers in crowd- ed spikes. JV il Id. Spec. W.y. 23. Bot. Mag. t. MoQ. Mich. Fl. I. p. 194. Fursli Fl. I. p. 223. Big. Bost. p. 79. Elliott S/c. I. p. 382. Walt. Car. p. 120. Gron. Virg, 37. Cold. JVoie6. 69. Plufc. Mant. L 349.
Root fa^sciculate. Leaves subradical, cordate-sagittate, 3 — 4
»«NTBDERiA. HEXANDRIA^ MONOGYNI.A, 343
inches long, obtuse, rather fleshy ; petiole an inch or tnore in length, proceeding from a very long tubular sheath. Scape 1 — 2 feet long, according to the depth of water, S/iath ob- long, sheathing the pubescent common peduncle. Flowers ag- gregated by twos and threes, sessile. Corolla bright blue ; tube curved, pubescent, witii 3 longitudinal gashes or foramina on the inside; border bilabiate; upper lip flat, 3-cleft; seg' ments oblong ; one of them ivith a yellowish spot in the cen- tre ; lower lip deeply 3-parted ; the segments linear-oblong, St-amens 6 ; 3 of the Jilamtnts inserted near the base of the tube ; the other 3 towards the summit exsertcd. Germen ovate, gibbous ; style filiform, blue, scarcely exserted ; stigma minute, entire. Utriculus I -seeded, covered by the persistent- base of the corolla. Seed with 6 elevated ridges. •' Perisfierm ovate, conic, very white, sweet and farinaceous ; cbrculum\x\^. the axis of the perisperm, cylindric, inverted, (or with the ra- dicle upwards) ; ^'emww/at oval, conspicuouti." JVutt. Hab. In ponds and on the edges of rivers; common. Augusts
Pickerel-xoeedi,
jS. angustifolia* t leaves elongated-triangular, truncate and subcordate at the basci P. angustifolia Pursh FL I. p. 224. Nutt, Gen, I. pi 216. P. mucronata R af. m Med. Rep. XI. p. 352.
Hab. In high mountain-lakes. New -York to Carolina. Pur ah, I consider this plant a mere variety of P. cordata, which va- ries considerably in the breadth of its leaves. The P. lancc' folia of Muhlenberg and Elliott, (which is also P, lanceolata of jYutta 11,) is another variety.
235. CONOSTYLIS. R. Br own.
Corolla semisuperior, 6- cleft, persistent, woolly. An^ thers erect. Style conic, tripartile. Stigma simple. Capsule opening at the summit, 3-celled, 3-vaIved. many-seeded. R. Brown Prod. I. p. 300. JVuit. Gen. L p. 217. Lophiola Sims in Bot. Mag. 1596. Nat. Ord. HiEMODORACE,a: i?. Brown.
C. americana Ph.: corolla woolly within ; scape corym- bose-panicied ; leaves gramineous-ensiform, glaucous; fila- ments equal. P'wrs/i F/. 1. p. 224. t. 6. Elliott Sk.l. p. 403. J^ utt. Gen.l.c LopmoLA aurea Bot. Mag. t, 1596. Hklonias tomeniosa Muhl. Co/, p. 37.
f A term used to distinguish the apparent from the true cotyledons. In the present plant there are no proper cotyledonsj merely a minute bud St- mrtiljir to the perfect plant. Ku 1 1^
344 HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNfA. coNosi-yLia.
Etfoe fibrous, ci'eeping. Leaves narrow linear, ancipitous, very smooth ; those about the root short and cespitose ; those on the stem 4 — 6 inches long« Stem or scape a foot and a half highj erect, terete; when young covered with a white tomentum. Corymb many-fiovvered, woolly, at first contracted, but at length expanding. Pediceld as long as the flowers, incrassated,brac- teate at the base. Coxolla 6-cleft, yellow within ; segments oblong, acute, reflexed ; the 3 interior ones narrower. Stamens about as long as the corolla, and inserted opposite its segments -, Jilamcais subulate, smooth ; anthers ovate, yellow. Germen sen.isuperior, ruundish, smooth ; style subulate, as long as the Stamens, divisible into 3 parts ; stigma simple. Cafisule ovatej obtusely triangular, covered by the persistent calycine corolla, which anheres to its base, acuminate, 3-celledj 3-valved 5 dissepiments arising from the centre of each valve. Seeds 10 — 15 in each cell, white, attached to the dissepiments, ob- long, acute at' one extremity, longitudinally striate.
Bab. In sandy swamps in the pine barrens of New-Jersey. July— August.
This plant differs somewhat from Conostylis of i?. Brow n.., as defined in his profound work above quoted, but perhaps not sufficiently to form a distinct genus. In the latter the pubes- cence is rasnulose ; in the former simple. To Lachnanthee of Elliott it has much resemblance in character and habit. In Mu h I e n b erg* V Catalogue it stands as a native of New- York, by the same mistake as that mentioned in page 38 of this work»
236. ALETRIS. L.
Corolla tubulous-ovate, 6-cleft at the summit, ru- gose, persistent. Stamens inserted upon the margin of the orifice. Stt/le triquetrous, tripartile. Capsule semi- superior, 3-celled, many-seeded, opening at the sum- mit. Gen. pL 577. Nutt. Gew, L p. 217, Juss, p. 51. Lam. Ill t. 237? Nat. Ordo Asphodelejk Ju ss. Star-wort o
I. A. farinosa L. : flowers- pedicellate, oblong-tubular; the corolla when decaying nearly smooth ; leaves broad-lan- ceolate. Willd. Spec. II. p, 183. Bot. Mag. t. 148. Big. 3;e(/. £os<. HI. p. 94. t, 50. £ / /i 0 / / SA-. I. p. 398. Walt^ Con p. 121. A. a/6a Jl//cA, F/. 1. p. 189. PurshFl. I. p. 223. Hyacinthus caule nudo, &c. Cron. Virg, 38o PtuJc, Amal. t/437. f. 2.
Root premorse, perennial. LeaiJes all radical, 3 — 6 inches long, and about half an inch broad, spreading in a stellate manner, lanceolate, very smooth, of a pale yellowish-green colour, and dry texture. Scape 2 feet or more in height, terete, striate, very smooth, with several remote bracts. S/iike 4--.6 inches
Ar,ETRis. tlEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA* 345
long ; flowers numerous, but not crowded ; pedicels very short with subulate bracts at the base, nearly as ions? as the flowers Corolla white, scabrous-pulverulent ; seti;n»en(s acute. Sta mens very short, inserted opposite the segmei-its of the corolla: anthers sagittate. Style the attenuated summit of the germen triangular ; stigma small, nearly simple. Capsule ovate, ob tusely triangular, acuminate, 3-partile,t (or rather capsules 3, partile when ripe opening on the inside and at the summit, crowned with a part of the style ) Seeds very numerous and minute, oblong, acute at one extremity, yellow, longitudinally striated. Hab. In dry sandy woods and on hill sides., July. Colic-roof.
2. A. aurea Walt.: flowers subsessile, short, subcam- panulate ; corolla when decaying rugose and very scabrous ; leaves lanceolate. Wall. Car. p. 121. Mich. FL I. p. 225. WuRMBEA hullata W il I d, Horl. Berol. t. 8.
Jioot large, premorse. Leaves all radical, lanceolate, acuminate. Scape 2 — 3 feet high. Spike with fewer flowers than in the preceding species. Pedicels very short, with the subulate bracts at the base half the length of the flower. Corolla yel- low, tubular-campanulate. Capsule as in A.Jarinosa.
Hab. In the pine barrens of New-Jersey ; abundant. July- August. Scarcely a distinct species from the preceding.
237. HEMEROCALLIS. L. Corolla campanulate ; tube cylindric. Stamens de- clined. Stigmas rather small, simple, somewhat vil- lous. Gen. pL 585. Nu 1 1. Gen. 1. p. 219. Juss. p. 54. Lam. III. t. 234. Nat. Ord. Narcis.si .Tuss. ItLemerocallideje M. Brown. Day IJly, H.fuhaL.: leaves broad-linear, carinate ; interior pe- tals obtuse, undulate ; exterior nerves of the petals ramose. Willd. Spec. II. p. 197. Kutt. Gen. 1. p. 219.
Root fasciculate. Leaves very long Scape 3 feet high, corym- bose at the summit. Flowers fulvous, large, fugacious.
Hab. In wet rpCadows; beginning to be naturalized in many localities. June — August.
238. AGAVE. L. Gorolla superior, erect, tubular or infundibuliform.
f -l/r. JK'uitall remarks, that tjie capsule is firmly closed and indu- rated at the summit. He supposes it to open horizontally all round. This excellent Botanist could never have examined tlie fruit in its mature state, or he would undoubtedly liave seen its true structure-
44
346 HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. agave.
Staminiferons filaments longer than the corolla, erect Capsule triangular, many- seeded. Gen. pi. 582. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 218, Juss. p. 51. Lam. III. t. 23 5. Nat. Ord. BnoMELiiE Juss. Bastard Aloe.
A. virginica L. : stemless, herbaceous; leaves with car- tilaginous serratures; scape simple. Willd. Spec. 11. p. 193. J acq. icon. rar. 11, t. 378. Bot. Mug. t. 1157. jM i c h. Fl. I. p. 187. Purs h FL 1. p. 226. Elliott SA-. I. p. 402. Walt. Car. p. 121. Gron. Virg. 162.
Root perennial, tuberous, praemorse. Radical leaves long, lanceo- late, acute, very smooth, succulent ; stem leaves semiamplexi- caul, acute, resembling scales. Scape 4 — 6 feel high, terete, glabrous. Flowers sessile. Corolla fragrant, of an obscure yellow colour, tubular, furrowed ; segments shorter than the tube, acute. Filaments spotted, twice as long as the corolla, inserted into its base. Style terete, shorter than the filaments, spotted. Cafisule globular^ slightly 3-furrowed, 3-celled, 3-valved. Seeds numerous, compressed, angular, 2 -rowed in each cell, attached to a central receptacle. Ell.
Hab. In Pennsylvania. September. Muhlenberg.
239. PHALANGIUM. Toumefort.
Corolla 6-petalled, spreading. Filaments smooth. Capsule superior, ovate. Seeds angular. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 219. Nat. Ord. Asphodele^ /w j;*.
P. tsculmtwn A"" tit t.: root bulbous ; leaves all radical, linear, carinate ; stigma minutely 3-cleft. N ut t, in F r a s. Cat. 181.3. Ejusd. Gen. 1. p. 219. Torrty in Sill. Jour. IV. p. 60. P. Quamash Pursh Fl. 1. p. 226„ SciLLA escultnla Bot. Mag. t. 1374.
Root an ovate tunicate bulb, about an inch and a half in diameter. Leaves about a foot long, 4 — 6 lines broad, very smooth, striate. Scafie longer than the leaves, simple, terete. Flowers in a spiked raceme. Pedicels 1 -flowered, terete, longer than the coloured subulate bracts at their base. Corolla 6-petalled, pale blue, spreading ; petals linear-lanceolate, acute, 5-striate. Stamens shorter than the corolla ; Jilaments subulate, very smooth ; anthers large, oblong, yellow. Germen triangular ; style filiform, rather longer than the stamens ; stigma slightly 3-cleft. Cafisule subglobose-triangular, 3-celled, many-seeded. Seeds oblong, black.
Hab. In Gross-Isle, Detroit River. May. Douglass. This plant has not yet been discovered within the limits pre- scribed for this work, though there is little doubt that it exists on the shores of Lake Ontario, as well as on Lake Erie ;
PHALANGiuM. HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 347
on the latter of which it was found by Mr. JVu ttalt^ near its confluence with Huron River. According to this learned Botanist, its geographical range from east to west is more than 2000 miles, but from north to south scarcely more than 300. Its bulbous roots are a favourite article of diet with the tribes of Indians near the Rocky Mountains.
240. NARTHECIUM. Hudson.
Corolla interior, 6-petalled, spreading, persistent. Filaments filiform, hairy. Capsule prismatic, 3-celledj many-seeded. Seed finely attenuated at each extre- mity. Calyx 0. Sin it h "FL Brit, I. p. 368. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 220. Lain. III. t, 266o Nat. Ord,
JUNCE^ Jn SS.
N. americanum K e r : raceme sometimes interruptedly spiked, lax ; pedicels with a setaceous bract below the flower, and another embracing its base ; filaments with very short hair. K er in Bot. Mag. 1505. Pursh FL I. p. 227. Jf utt. Gen. \, c/ Phalangium ossifragum Muhl. Cat, p. 35.
Root creeping and fibrous. Leaves nunierous, all radical, nar- row-ensiform, striate, very smooth, of a yellowish-green co- lour. Scafie ascending, about a foot high, simple, terete, with 2 — 3 remote subulate bracts. Sfiike about 3 inches long, ter- minal, straight ; pedicels sometimes in twos and threes, half an inch long. Petals yellow within, greenish externally, per- sistent, linear-oblong. Stamens a little shorter than the co- rolla ; filaments clothed with short wool ; anthers linear, yel- low. Germen oblong, attenuate at the extremity ; stigma small, subsessile. Capsule as long again as the corolla, ob- tusely angular, yellowish, rigid, splitting imperfectly into 3 valves. Seeds numerous, as long as the capsule, with a subu- late process at each extremity.
Hab. In sandy swamps of the pine barrens of New-Jersey. August.
Scarcely distinct, except in the position of the bracts, from the Narthecium ossifragum of Ei^rope.
241. ORNITHOGALUM. L.
Corolla 6-petalled, persistent, spreading above the midcile. Calyx 0. Filaments dilated at the base. Capsule superior, roundish, 3-celled. Seeds roundish, naked. Gen. pi. 566. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 221. Jus s. p. 53. L a m. III. t. 242. Nat. Ord. Aspho- B E L E .« Jus s. Star of Bethlehem.
348 HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. ornithogalum.
O. umhellatum L. : corymb few-flowered; peduncles longer than the bracts ; filaments subulate. Willd, Spec, II. p. IIG. Smith FL Brit. I. p. 364. Eng. Bot. t. 130. Pursh FL I. p. 227.
Root bulbous, small, white. Leaves radical, linear, canaliculate, very smooth. Scafie about a span high, terete ; /ledicels alter- nate, corymbed, each with a membranaceous lanceolate bract at the base. Flowers 6—8, large. Petals oblong-lanceolate, white internally, greenish, with a white border externally. Stamens shorter than the corolla; Jilaments flattened, smooth, equal, entire ; anthers large, yellow. Germen subturbinate - style very short, persistent; stigma obtuse. Ca/isule ohinsdv angular. Seeds numerous, spherical.
Hab. In moist meadows. May — June. Naturalized.
242. LILIUM. L.
Corolla 6-petalled, campanulate ; petals mostly re- flextd, marked with a longitudinal nectariferous line. Stamens shorter dian the style. Stigma entire. Cap- sule superior, subtrijugular; valves connected by can- cellate hairs. Seeds flat. Uen. pi. 558. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 221. Ju s s. p. 49. La m. III. t. 246. Nat. Ord. Liliace^e Jus s. Lily.
1. L. philadelphicum L.: leaves verticillate, linear-lan- ceolate; stem 1 — 2-flowered; corolla erect, campanulate, spreading; petals unguiculate. W 1 1 1 d. Sptc. 11. p. 90. Bot. Masr. t. 3 1 9. Mill. icon, t 165. f. 1 . Pursh FL 1. p. 229. Big. Bost. p. 82. Elliott S7f. I. p. 387. Walt. Car. p. 123. Martajjon, Cold. J^oveb. 70.
Root bulbous. Stetn about 2 feet high, very smooth, shining. Leaves by sixes, linear-lanceolate, rather acute, S-nerved. Floivers mostly solitary, sometimes 2 or 3 on a stem, very large, dark orange. Petals lanceolate, attenuate into long claws at the base, marked below with fulvous spots. Stamens shorter than the corolla ; Jilaments slender, smooth ; anthers large, linear, incumbent. Style as long as the stamens ; stig- mas large, thick. Cafisule oblont^:, obtusely triangular, with the angles sulcate. Seeds ovale, flattened, incumbent.
Hab. On borders of woods and on hill sides, among bushes. June — July.
2. L. canadenseL.: leaves remotely verticillate, lanceo- late; nerves hairy beneath ; peduncles terminal, elongated, generally by threes: flowers nodding; corolla turbinate, cam- panulate, slightly revolute ; petals lanceolate. Will d. Spec.
uLiLM. HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 349
II. p. 89. Bot. Mag. t. 800, 858. Mich. Fl. I. p. 197. Pursh FlA.^.'22d. Big. Bost.^.m. Elliott Sk. J. p. 388.
Root a middle-sized bulb. Stetn 2 — 4 feet high, smooth and shilling. Leaves by sixes, in rather distarit whorls, acute, dis- tinctly 3-nerved. Flowers generally 3, sometimes solitary, on very long peduncles, yellow, with numerous roundish fulvous spots Off the inside ; petals turned outward above the middle, but scarcely revolute, acuminate.
IIab. In wet meadows and on the banks of rivers. June — July.
3. L. suptrhum L, : leaves verticillate, linear-lanceolate, .3-nerved, smooth ; the upper ones scattered ; flowers in a pyramidal raceme, reflexed ; petals revolute. IV i lid. Spec. il. p. 88. Bot. Mag. t. 930. Pursh Fl. I. p. 230. E I- liottSk. 1.389. fF a /f. Car. p. 123.
Jiaot a large scaly bulb. Stem 4 — 6 feet high, terete, very smooth. Leaves on the lower part of the stem by sixes, nar- row-lanceolate, attenuate ; upper ones more or less scattered. Flowers 3 — 20, in a large pyramidal raceme, bright orange, with dark purple spots ; petals linear-lanceolate, beautifully revolute. Capsules becoming erect as they ripen.
Hab. In wet meadows and swamps. July. Turk's-cap —
Golden Martagon. A very splendid species ; not very common north of New- York.
4. L. Cateshczi Walt.: leaves scattered, linear-lanceo- late ; stem I -flowered; corolla erect ; petals with long claws, undulate on the margin, reflexed at the tip. W a 1 1. Car, p. 123. Wi I Id. Spec. II. p. 86. Bot. Mag, t '2b9. Mich. Fl. I. p. 1 97. Purs h Fl. I. p. 228. Elliott Sk. 1. p. 387. C at e s b. Car, 11. t. 38. L. spectabile S a li s h. icon. rar. 5. t. 5.
Hoot a scaly bulb. Stem a foot and a half high, terete, very smooth. Leaves about 2 inches long, and scarcely 2 lines broad, very acute, adpressed. Flowers large, scarlet, spotted with yellow and brown ; petals ovate-lanceolate, much acu- minate, tapering into a long claw at the base.
Hab. In Pennsylvania. July. Muhlenberg.
L. pennsylvanicum of the Botanical Magazine, 872, is supposed by Mr. Nut tall to be merely a hybrid of the gardens.
243. ERYTHRONIUM. L.
Corolla 6-petalled, subcampanulate ; petals reflexed ; the interior ones with a callous tooth on each side near
350 HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. ervthronium.
the base, and a nectariferous pore. Capsule superior, substipitate. Seeds o\dA.t. Gen. fil. 562. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 223. Ju s s. p. 48. Lam. III. t. 244. Nat. Ord. LjLiACEiE Juss. Dogs'-tootli Violet.
1 . E. americanum Sm. : leaves lanceolate, punctate ; pe- tals oblong-lanceolate, obtuse at the point ; interior ones bi- deutate near the base ; style clavate ; stigma entire. Smith in Rees^ Cyclop. XIV. K er in Bot. Mag. 1113. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. I. p. 248. Big. Bost. p. 82. Ejusd. Mtd. iJo/. III. p. 151. t. 58. Elliott Sk. I. ^. 38d. Bart. Fl. Am. Sept.. I. p. 33. Kutt. Gen. I. p. 223^ E. lanceo- latum P ur s h Fl. I. p. 230. E. longifolium Pair, Enc, E. Dtns canis Mich. Fl. I. p. 198. E. Dens canis y. Willd. 5j9ec. II. p. 96. Gran. Virg. 151. Cold. No- veb. 72.
Rooi a small ovate scaly bulb, buried deeply in the earth. Leave*,
2, radical, elliptical-lanceolate, smooth and shining, thickened at the extremity, spotted with green and brown ; upper sur- face minutely punctate. Sca/ie 6 — 8 inches long, bearing a single large cernuous flower. Petals yellow, spotted near the base, reflexed ; inner ones broader, with a longitudinal groove near the base, terminating in a small pore, on each side of which, and embracing the filaments, is a minute scaly process. Stamens scarcely half the length of the petals ; filaments slender, smooth ; anthers erect, large, linear-oblong. Style rather longer than the stamens, incrassated upwards, triangu- lar ; stigma entire, pervious, pubescent within. Cafisule ob- long, acuminate, substipitate, 3-celled, 3-valved. Seeds numer- ous, ovate.
Hab. In woods and moist thickets. April — May.
2. E. albidum X utt. : leaves elliptical-lanceolate, not punctate ; petals linear-lanceolate, obtuse ; inner ones with- out dentures, subunguiculate ; style filiform; stigma 3-cleft; lobes reflexed. Nutt. Gen, I. p. 223.
Root —. Leaves about 6 inches long, and an inch or more in breadth, not spotted ? without punctures, callous at the tip. Scafie a little longer than the leaves. Flowers rather larger than in the preceding species, white with a shade of blue. Petals reflexed or revolute. Germen elliptic ; style scarcely dilated above, cleft into 3 distinct lobes, which ai^e papillose on the inside.
Hab. On the banks of the Ohio, within the limita of this work. April.
For specimens of this handsome and very distinct species, I am indebted to Br. Mitchell. In the Western Slates iv takes the place of E. americanum.
uvuLARiA. HEXANDRU. MONOGYNIA. 351
244. UVULARIA. L.
Corolla inferior, 6-petalled, erect ; petals with a nec-= tariferous cavity at the base of each. Filaments very short; anthers adnate. Stigmas reflexed. Capsule triangular, 3-celled, 3-valved ; valves septiferous in the middle. Seeds numerous, subglobose, arillate at the hilum. Gen. pi. 560. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 224. Ju s s. p. 48. Lam. 111. t. 247. Nat. Ord. Li- LiACEiE Juss. Bell-wort,
1. U. perfoliata L. : leaves perfoliate, elliptic, obtuse ; corolla campanulate, granular, scabrous within ; anthers cus- pidate. fVilld. Spec. II. p. 94. Smith cxot.bot. I. p. 95. t. 49. BoL Mag. t. 955. Pursh FL 1. p. 231. Bi g. Bost. p, 81. Elliott Sk. I. p. 390. Bart. Fl. Am. Sept. 1. p. 32. U. perfoliata <x. miliar Mich. Fl. I. p. 1 99. Gron. Virg. 37. Col d. J^oveb. 74. Cornuti Canad. 38.
Root a large tuft of fleshy fibres. Scem erect, 8—10 inches high, smooth, terete, bifid near the summit. Leaves about an inch and a half long, (when the plant is in fruit much larger,) perfoliate near the base, and slightly cordate, longitudinally nerved. Flowers mostly solitary, pendulous from one of the forks of the stem, pale yellow. Petals linear-lanceolate, rough- ened on the inside with granular eminences. Filaments very short, inserted at the base of the petals ; anthers long-linear, with a subulate point. Germen obovate; style triangular, longer than the stamens ; stigmas filiform, reflexed. Ca/isulc triangular, with concave sides, truncate, 3-celled, 3-valved ; valves septiferous in the middle. Seeds several m each cell, subglobose.
Hab. In moist woods and shady thickets. May— June.
2. V.Jlava Sm.: leaves perfoliate, elliptical-oblong, ob- tuse, undulate at the base ; corolla tapering at the base, sca- brous within ; anthers awned. Smith exot. hot. I. p. 97. t. 50. Pwrs/i i^/. l.p.231. E Hi o 1 1 Sk. I. ^. 390.
Floivers larger than in the preceding species, and of a brighter
yellow. Ph. .. ^ r t r, /
Hab In shady woods in sandy soil. May— June. Pursh.
This species I have never seen. It appears to be scarcely distinct from \J . fierfoUala.
3. U. grandijiora Sm. : leaves perfoliate, oblong, acute 5 netalssmoo'th within •, anthers without avvns^ nectaries subro- tund Sm i t h exot. hot. I. p. 99. t. bX. Bot. Mag. 1212.
352 IIEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. uvularia.
P?/r5/i F/. I. p. 391. Elliott Sk. I. '^. 391. \J. per- foliala 0. major M i c h. Fl. I. p- 1 99. U. lanceolata Wi 1 1 d. Spec, I. p. 9'4. A it. Keio. I. p. 434.
Flowers larger than in the Wher species, of a beautiful yellow. Ph, Hab. On shady hills, in fertile soil, and among rocks, Canada to Carolina. Pursh. On hills near Troy, New-York. Eaton.
4. U. sessilifofia L. : stem smooth ; leaves sessile, oval- lanceolate, glaucous beneath ; petals flat, smooth within ; capsules stipltate. fVilld. Spec. II. p. 95. Smith exot. hot. 1. p. lOI. t. 52. Bot. Mag. 1402. Mich. Fl. I. p. 199. P?ir5A F/. 1. p. 233. B i g. Bast, ^. fi\. Elliott Sk. I. p. 392. Bart. Fl. -^m. Sept. II. t. 54. f. 1,
Root perennial. Stem 8—12 inches high, forked near the sum- mit. Leaves smooth, acuminate. Flowers axillary, 1 — 2 on one of the forks of tlic stem, pale yellow ; fietals lanceolate, acute, not granular within. Cafisule ovate, on a short pedicel.
Hab. In moist shady woods and thickets. May-*-June.
245. STREPTOPUS. Mich. Corolla inferior, 6-petallecl, subcampanulate. ^S*^?^- mas very short. Berry subglobose, smooth, 3-celled. Seeas few ; hilum naked. " Mi c h. Fl. I. p. 200. Nutt. Gen. I. ip. 224. Uvularia spp. L. Nat. Ord. LiLiACEiE Juss.
1 . S. rosens M i c h. : smooth and shining ; leaves am- plexicaul, serrulate- ciliate ; anthers short, 2-horned. M i c h. F/. I. p. 201. t. 18. Pursh Fl. 1. p. '232. Elliott Sk. I. p. 392. UvuLAUiA rosea Bot. Mag. 1489. M uhl. Cat. p. 34.
Root perennial. Stem about 1 8 inches high, dichotomous, terete, smooth. Lea-ves ovate, acuminate, many-nerved, thin and membranaceous ; margin distinctly ciliate. Flowers small, solitary, axillary, on nodding filiform pedicels about three- fourths of an inch in length ; pedicels with a minute lateral process near the middle, where it is commonly geniculate. Corolla rose-ccloured; petals lanceolate, acuminate. Stamens short ; anthers broad, flat, smooth, oblong-cordate, with 2 lYiinute horns at the summit. Germen sessile, turbinate, sub- triangular ; style about as long as the stamens; stigmas 3, mi- nute, simple.
Hab. On mountains. New-England to Carolina. In the High- lands of New-York. Barratt, Sec, Not found near the sea-coast. May — June.
Mi c h an x' s figure of this species does not represent the ciliate leaves. It resembles much more the following.
STREPTOpus. HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 353
2. S. disiortus ^] i c h. : smooth ; leaves amplexicaul, smooth on the margin ; pedicels distorted and geniculate in the middle ; anthers sagittate, acuminate, much longer than the filaments. Mich. Fl. I. p. 200. Pursh FL ]. p, 232. UvuLARiA ampkxijolia L, Willd. Spec. II. p. 93 ? M uhl. Cat, p. 34.
Root perennial. Stem 2 feet high, very smooth, with several di- chotomous branches. Leaven 2 — 4 inches Ion j^, ovate-lanceo- late, smooth on both sides, many-nerved, actiminatp ; margin very entire. Flowers small, solitary, on filirorm axillary pe- dicels an inch and a half in length ; fiediceln generally dis- torted about the middle. Corolla greenish-yellow ; fietals linear-lanceolate, reflexcd. Filaments very short, flai. ; an- thers sagittate, attenuate into long subulate (ci.tire ?) points. Germen ovate, sessile ; style very thick ; sngmus nearly entire.
Hab. In shady woods, on high mountdius. Canada t>> Penn- sylvania. Pursh. Near Fairfield, New-York. Hadley. May.
It appears to be somewhat douhiful whether our plant it identical with the Uvularia ampltxifulia of the north of Eu- rope, and I have not the means of determining the question.
3. S. lannginosns Mich. : hoary-pubescent ; leave? ses- sile, subcordati: at the base, acuminate ; pedicels by pairs, on a very short footstalk. M i c h. Fl. I. p -201 . Pursh Fl, I. p. 232. Elliott Sk. 1. p. 393. Uvularia lanuginosa BoU Mag. 1490. M It h I. Cat. p. 34.
Leaves with an abrupt and long acumination. Flowers greenishj three times as large as in the preceding species. Berry with the cells, by abortion, 1 — 2 seeded. Mich.
Hab. On high mountains. Pennsylvania to Carolina. Pur ah. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. May.
246. CONVALLARIA. L,
Corolla inferior, 6-cIcft. Berry globose, spotted, 3-celled. Gen. pi. 575. Juss. p. 42. Lam. IIU
t. 248. CoNVALLARIA, MaIANTHEMUM, SmILA-
ciNA at PoLYGONATUM Z)e*y^ Nat. Ord. x\SPA- rage^ Jiiss. Lily of the valley. — Solomon's ScaL
* Corolla deefily 4,-/iarted, spreading ; stamens 4 ; berry 2-ceUed. (Flowers in a terminal raceme.) Maianthemum D e s- fo7itaines.
1 . C. hifolia L. : stem 2-leaved ; leaves on short petioles, cordate-oblong, very smooth on both sides ; raceme simple, terminal; flowers tetrandrous. Willd. Spec. II. p. 164, M i c h. Fl. I. p. 201 . B i g. Post. p. 80. Muh I. Cat. p. 33. Smilacina canadensis Pursh Fl. I. p. 233. Bart, 45
354 HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. coNVAtLARi'i.
Fl. Am. Sept. II. t. 70. Maiaktiiemum canadense D e sfo n to Snn. Mus. IX. p. 54. Plu k. Aim. t. 434. f. 4.
Root perennial, creeping. Ste77i 4 — 6 inches high, mostly 2-leaved near the summit, sometimes with a large radical leaf, erect, terete. Leaves more or less distinctly cordate at the base, very smooth on both sides, acute or acuminate ; petiole
1 2 lines long. Raceme oblong, many-flowered. Pedicels
in twos and threes, 1—2 lines long, spreading. Flowers very small. Corolla while, deeply 4-parted ; segments oblong, ob- tuse, rcfiexed. Filamenti short, seated at the base of the pe- tals ; anthe7's oblong, incumbent. Germen subrotund ; style short, triangular; stigvias capitate, slightly 3-lobed. Berries small, globose, when unripe spotted with red, pellucid. Hab. In shady woods, around the roots of trees. May — June. The North-American plant appears to be almosi identical with the European.
* * Corolla 6-/iarted, sfireading ; Jilaments divergent attached to the base of the segments. (Flowers in a terminal raceme.) SuiLA-CiNA De s/ont aines.
'2.C. stellata L. : leaves numerous, alternate, oval Ian- oeolate, amplexicaul ; raceme simple, terminal. Willd, 5>ec. II. p. 163. Bo^ iiag. t. 1043. Jl/ i r A. F/. I. p. 202. Smilac iNA sie/Za^a Desfont. I. c. p. 52. P ur s h Fl.L p. 233.
Root creeping, somewhat tuberous. Seem about a foot high. nearly smooth, terete. Leaves about 9, lanceolate or oval- lanceolate, acute, slightly pubescent on the nerves beneath Raccjne 3 — 9-fluwercd, short; fiedicels i — 2 lines long„ Flowers small, white. Corolla deeply 6-parted ; segments spreading, oval-oblong. Style very short, triangular ; stigma slightly 3-l'>bed. Hab. In wet meadows; common in mountainous districts. May — June.
3. C. Irifolia L. : stem about 3-leaved ; leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, contracted at the base; raceme simple, ter- minal, few-flowered, W i II d. Spec. I. p. 163. G m c /. FL Sih. I. p. 36. t. 6. M ich. Fl. 1. p. 202. Smilacina tri- folia D e sfo n t. 1. c. p. 52. Pursh Fl. I. p. 232.
Root perennial. Stem about a span high, smooth, angular? Leaves generally 3, remote, ovate, contracted and amplexi- caul at the base, very smooth on both sides, erect. Raceme 4 — 6-flowered ; fiedicels a line long, thick, with a minute bract at the base. Flowers small, white. Corolla 6-parted ; seg- ments ovate, spreading. Berries small, red.
Hab. In mountain swamps. Cumington, Massachusetts. Porter. In Pennsylvania and New-York. P a rs A. May.
4. C. rac&mosa L. : leaves numeroQs, alternate, sessile.
coNVALLABiA. HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Zoo
oblong-oval, acuminate, nerved, pubescent ; flowers in a ter- minal racemose-panicle. W illd» Spec. II. p. 163. Bot, Mag. 899. Mich. Fl. I. p. 202. Big. Bosl. p. 80. Walt, Car. T^. 122. 'iiuiLKVA^s. racemosa D e sfo nt. I.e. p. 51. Pursh FL \. \i.'2M. E I Hot t Sk. ]. ^. 3d5. Gron. Virg. 38. Cold, .Voveb. 78.
Root tuberous. Stem a foot and a half or 2 feet high, a little flexuous and angular, smooth below. Leaves alternate, 6 inches long, much acuminate, contracted at the base into a short petiole, pubescent on the nerves beneath ; margin mi- nutely ciliate. Fioiuer.s very small, in a compound terminal raceme or panicle ; branches alternate, pubescent. Corolla greenish-white, 6 cleft ; segments oblong, spreading. Sta- meyis nearly as long as the corolla. Germen subrotund, acu- minate with the shQrt thick style. Berries ghibose, red, sel- dom perfecting more than 2 osseous hemispherical seeds.
Hab. In low grounds ; common. June.
* * * Corolla subcamfianulate, deefily 6-fiarted ; style elongated ; berry 2-celled, many-seeded.
5. C. umhelhdata Mich. ', subcaulescent ; leaves oblong- oyal, ciliate on the margin ; scape pubescent ; umbel ter- minal ; pedicels nodding, with minute bracts at the base. Mich, F/. 1. p. 202. Smilacina wm6e//a<a Desf. I.e. p. 53. t. 8. Pursh Fl. \. \).2Z2. E 1 1 i o 1 1 Sk. \, p, 395. S. bortalis Bot. Mag. 1155.
Hoot creeping, somewhat tuberous. Leaves generally about 3,
approximate on the very short stem, sometimes obovate, 4 6-
inches long, and about 2 broad, abruptly acuminate, thin and membranaceous, finely nerved ; margin pilose-ciliate. Scafie 6 — 8 inches long, angular, terminating in a corymbose umbel of about 4 flowers ; fitdiceis pubescent, half an inch long, naked, or with minute bracts at the base. Corolla nearly as large as in Uvularia sessilifolia, greenish-yellow, 6-cleft al- most to the base ; segments oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, a little spreading. Stamens the length of the corolla ; ^laments slen- der, smooth, inserted into the base of the segments ; anthers oblong. Germen oblong ; style triangular, thick, nearly as long as the stamens j s^f^-ma 3-lobed. Berries of an ame- thystine blue, 2.celled ; cells 3 — 4-seeded. Seeds angular. Hab. In bogs on mountains. On the Catskiir Mountains. Knevels. Fairfield, New-York. Had ley. Hudson, N. Y. Alsofi. Peerfield, Massachusetts. Cooley and Hitchcock^ 8cc, May — June.
This plant agrees almost equally well with the characters ct CoNVALLARiA umbellulata of Mi c hau x, and Dracaena ho- realis of A i t o n ; both of Avhich are referred to Smilacin-a hy P ur s h. It resembles the latter, except in having the pe- dicels bracteate ; and differs from C. borealis (as described by
356 HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Convallaria,
Pursh) in the carina of the leaves being smooth, and the flowers not fragrant. I should have taken them for varieties of the same plant, had they not been considered as distinct by several eminent Botanists.
# * * * Corolla ^-cleff.^ cylindric ; filaments inserted on the ufifier jiart of the tube; berry 3-celled ; cells 2-seeded. (Flovf^rc axillary. J Polygonatum B e sfo n taines.
6. C. nwltiflora L. : stem terete ; leaves alternate, am- plexicaul, oblong-oval ; peduncles axillary, many-flowered. WiUd, Spec. II, p. 162. .9m i t k Ft. Brit. I. p. 372. Eng. jBo^ t. 279. Big. Bost. p. SI. PoLYGOisArvm muUiJlurum Desfont. I. €.[). 50. P ur s h FL I. ^. 235, Elliott Sk. I. p. 394. Cold. ^oveb. 77.
Hoot creeping, large and fleshy. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, a little curved, very smooth. Leaves smooth on both sides, paler be' neath, many-nerved. Peduncles nodding, secund, 2 — 4-flower' et!. CorrAla greenish-white, about three-fourths of an inch long, tubular, smooth; border a little dilated. Stamens very short ; filaments inserteil into the tube opposite the segments j anthers oblong. Germen subglobose ; style shorter than the corolla ; stigma triangular. Berries dark blue.
Hab. On dry rocky hills. June — July.
7. C. bijiora Walt,: stem terete, smooth; leaves alter- nate, elliptical-lanceolate, 3-nerved; peduncles axillary, soli- tary, 2- flo«\ered. Walt. Car. ip. 122. Smilacina btjlora E <■ tio tt Sk. I. p. 393. S. angustifolia Pursh FL I, p. 234.
Flowers yellowish-white, with green tips. Ph.
Hab. In rocky situations. Pi-nnsylvania to Virginia. Purs h. I have specimens of a Convallaria sent to me from Salem, North-Carolina, by Mr. Schweiniez, under the nan^e <if C. angustifolia, agreeing exactly with the de- scription of Pursh and Elliott^ which, I have little d'ubt, IS only a variety of C. multifiora,
8. 'C. pubescens W i 1 1 d. : stem nearly terete, furrowed; leaves alteroate, amplexicaul, ovate, pubescent beneath ; pe- duncles axillary, generally 2-flowered. Willd. Hart. BeroL p, 45. t. 43. Mu/il. Cat, p. 35. Polygonatum pubescens Pursh FL I. p. 234. Elliott Sk. I. p. 394,
Root creeping, tuberous. Stetn about a foot and a half high, curv- ed, smooth. Leaves obiung ovate, acuminate, contracted at the base, 5 — 7-(ierved, pale and pubescent beneath. Pedun- cles axillary, filiform, nodding, forked towards the extremity. Flowers not half as large as in the preceding species, ycllow- isii-wViite, greenish at the tips and base.
Hab. On rocks : common. June.
eoNVALLARiA. HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 3^7
9. C. catxaliculata Wi ltd.: stem canaliculate ; leaves alternate, amplexicaul, oblong, pubescent on the margin ; pe- duncles axillary, 2-flowered. Willd. Hort. Berol.'p, A5. PoLYGONATUM canaliculatum Pursh Fl. I. p. 234.
Hab. In shady woods. Pennsylvania to Virginia. Pursh. +
\0, C latifolia L. : stem angular ; leaves sessile, ovate, acuminate ; peduncles one or many-flowered. Willd. Spec. II. p. 162. C. Polygonatum Muhl. Cat. p. 35. Polygo- NATUM latifolium D e sfo nt, 1. c. p. 50. Pursh FL 1. p 234.
Hooi creeping, tuberous. Stem 3—5 feet high, obtusely angu- lar, smooth, curved towards the summit. Leaves 6 inches long, and more than 2 broad, very smooth on both sides, acumi- nate, a little amplexicaul at the base. Peduncles 3--6-flo\ver- ed, long and recurved. Flowers as large as in C. multifloray greenish-white.
Hab. On the high rocky banks of rivers. June — July.
The largest North- American species ; but probably only a variety of C. multifiora. It appears to be the C. Polygonatum of Europe.
247. ASPARAGUS. L.
Corolla inferior, 6-parted. Style very short ; stig- mas^, i^errz/ 3-ceUed; cells 2-seeded. Gen. pL 573. N II tt. Gen. 1.^.226. Juss.^.A>\. Lam. III. t, 249. Nat. Ord. Asparage^ Juss,
A. officinalis L.: unarmed; stem herbaceous, erect, te- rete, very much branched; leaves setaceous, fasciculate, flexi- ble ; peduncles jointed in the middle. fVil Id. Spec. 11. p. 150. Smith Fl. Brit. 1. p. 369. Eng. Bot. t. 339. Purth Fl. I. p. 235.
Root creeping, fleshy. Stem erect, smooth, 1—2 feet high. Leaves very slender, in numerous small fascicles. Stifiules minute, subsoUtary. Flowers small, drooping, subaxillary, solitary, greenish-white. Corolla deefily 6-paned ; segments lanceolate ; the 3 interior ones spreading towards the extre- mity. Stamens very sijort, included. Gcrmen subrotund ; style very shcM-t ; stigmas 3, united at the base. Berry glo- bose, bright scarlet, shuiing. 5eerfs black.
Hab- On gravelly and rocky shores. Not uncommon in the vicinity of New-York. Naturalized June.
Common Asfiaragus.
358 HEXANDRTA. MONOGYNIA, oRONTiuivr.
248. ORONTIUM. L.
Spadix cylindric, crowned with flowers. Corolla 6-petalled, naked. Style and stigmas scarcely any, Utricidus 1-seeded. Gm. pi 587. Nutt. Gen. L p. 226. Ju s s. p. 25. L a m. III. t 251. Nat. Ord. Ar 0 1 E E iE Ju s s. Golden-club.
O. aqualicum L. : leaves lanceolate-ovate ; scape cylin- drical, spiked. Willd. Spec. 11, p. 199. Hook, exot.hol 1 9. M i c h. Fl. I. p. 1 94. Pursh Fl. I. p. 235. E l- liott Sk. I. p. 404. 'Bart. Fl. Am. Sept. II. t. 37. Oron- TiuM 4'm(£n. Acad. HI. t. 1. f. 3. (mal.) Pothos ovata Walt, Car, p. 224. Arusj folio enervi ovate, Gr o n. Virg. 1 13.
Root perennial. Leaves all radical, at first small, but at length 6 — 8 inches long, and 2 — 3 broad, very smooth, and a little succulent, entire, mucronate, pale and almost glaucous be- neath, obscurely nerved ; lamina abruptly coalescing with the su'rimit of the petiole. Sfiath radical. Sfiadix 1 — 2 inches long, on a long cylindrical peduncle, the upper part of which is of a bright yellow colour. Calyx yellow, in the lower flowers 6-leaved, in the upper 4-leaved, v/ith as many stamens ; leaf- lets dilated, cucullate, truncate. Filaments shorter than the calyx, broad and flat, a little contracted above ; anthers adnate, 2-lobed, persistent ; cells opening vertically. Germen supe- rior, truncate ; stigma sessile, minute, concave. " Utriculus naked, green, roundish, 1-seeded, of the size of a large pea ; gemmula viviparous, or commencing to vegetate as soon as mature ; (cotyledons 0) ; primary vaginate leaves 2 or 3, linear and subulate, the 4th leaf usually exhibiting a small lamina ; primary radicle conspicuous, conic. Somar/iizef roundish, large, dark green, umbilicately depressed at the summit, hav- ing a small concealed internal cavity, and a lateral shallow groove for the reception of the gemmula, which is appressed to it and curved over the greater part of the somarhize.' Jiutt.
Hab. In small creeks and marshes on the banks of rivers ; al- ways within the limits of tide-water ? Common in the vicinity of New-York. On the Hudson, as far up as Hudson, N. Y. Near New-Haven, Connecticut, Eaton. &c. May.
249. ACORUS. L. Spadix cylindric, covered with flowers. Corolla
I III this case a large round ingerminativebodv, Interally connected by a vascuUr system to the gemmula, and formhig ihe principal part of the seed. .A'm tt.
AcoRus. HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 359
6-petalled, naked. Stigma sessile, very minute. Cap- sule 3-celled. Gen. pL 586. Nutt. Geri. I. p. 227. Ju s s. p. 25. L a m. Ill, t. CCLII. Nat. Ord. AROiDEiE Juss. Sweet-Jiag.— Calamus*
A, calamus L. : spadix protruding from the side of an ensiform leaf. Wi 1 1 d. Spec. 11. p. 199. Smith FL Brit. J. p. 373. £ng. j5o/. t. 356. jlf i c A. i^/. 1. p. 194. Pursh FL I. p. 235. B ig. Bost. p, 83. Elliott Sk. I. p. 403, Walt, Car. p. 124.
■Root thick, creeping, horizontal, aromatic. Leaves ensiform, 2 — 3 feet long. Sca/ie ancipital, leafy above the spadix, which protrudes from its side above the middle. Sfiadix cylindrical, thick, 2 inches or more in length, tessellated with minute greenish flowers. Petals ovate, obtuse, a little inflexed at the summit. 5ra772en« alternating v/ith the petals, and somewhat exceeding them in length ; anthers minute, erect. Gcrmen bblong, superior ; stigrna punctiform. Cafisule triangularj^ obtuse, 2-celled ; cells 2 — 4-seeded. Seeds ovate.
Hab. In swamps, and on the borders of rivers and ponds ; com* mon. June. Certainly indigenous. The root is a well known carminative.
250. JUNCUS. L.
Perianth 6-leaved, glumaceous. Capsule superiofp 3-celled, 3-valved; cells many-seeded. -S'e^f/.s attached to a partition in the middle of each valve. Gen. pi. 590. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 227. Juss. -p. U. Lam. III. t. CCL. Nat. Ord. Junce^ Juss. Leaves glabrous, mostly rounded. Rush,
* Sca/ies naked ; ( fioivers lateral.)
I. 3. effu&us L.: scape minutely striate, (soft); panicle loose, very much branched, spreading ; leaflets of the peri- anth lanceola'te, acuminate, rather longer than the obovate ©btuse capsule. B i c h. in Lin. Trans, XII. p. 303. Wi lid. Spec. II. p. 205. Eng. Bot. t. 836. Pursh Fl. I. p. 236! B i g. Bost, p. 83. 31 u h I. Gram. p. 204- Elliott Sk-, I. p. 405. Wa It. Car. p. 124.
Root fibrous, perennial, cespitose. Scafie 2 — 3 feet high, erect, simple, soft and pliable, filled with a spongy pith, slightly striate, terminating in a long filiform extremity. Panicle burst- ing from a fissure in the side of the scape, about half way down, sessile, much branched, and often proliferous, bracteate s(t the base. Leaflets oi the Jierianth very acute. Stamens 3.
360 HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNfA. juncus.
shorter than the perianth ; anthers yellow. Style scarcely any; stigmas filiform, spreading. Cafisule triangular. Seeds mi- nute, very numerous, yellow, attenuate at each extremity. Hab. In low wet grounds ;** very common.
Bog-riish or Bull-rush,
2. J. setaceus Rostk.: scape filiform, striate; umbel lateral, compound, few-flowered; peduncles many-flowered; leaflets of the perianth subulate. Ro s t k. June. 13. t. 1. f. I. Pers. Syn. I. p. 383. Pursh Fl. I. p. 236, Muhl. Gram, p. 236. Elliott SL I. p. 404. J. Jiliformis Mich, Fl. I. ^.Idt. Pursh \.c? IVal t. Car. p. 12A.
Root fibrous, creeping, cespitose. Scafie very slender, about 2 feet high, a little curved above, terete, deeply striate, sheathed at the base. Panicle scarcely more than an inch long, 20 — 30- fiowered ; fieduncles compressed* Leaflets of the perianth vt-ry acute ; the 3 exterior ones about as long as the capsule. Stamens 6. Style short; stigmas filiform, brown. Capsule triangular, acute.
Hab. In swamps. Deerfield, Massachusetts. Cooley and Hitchcock. lu Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg.
Resembles J. Jiliformis of Europe, bvrt sufficiently distinct.
3. J. acntus L.: scape naked, terete; panicle lateral ; involucrum 2-leaved, spinous; capsule nearl)' round, mucro- nate, as long a^ain as the perianth. B ic h. in Lin. Trans. XII. p. 297. IV Hid. Spec. 11. p. 204. Eng. Bol. t. 1614. P u r s h Fl. I. p. 235. M u.h I, Gram, p. 205. Elliott Sk. I. p. 405.
Root perennial, cespitose, forming very large tufts. Stem some- times in distichous fascicles, ?. — 3 feet high, without leavesj^ hard, rigid, wiih a marescent sheath at the base. Panicles 2 — 3 inches long, terminal, though appearing to be lateral. Involucrum of 2 unequal acute and pungent leaves ; one of them longer, the other shorter than the panicle. Leaflets of the /zeriawfA lanceolate, acute, fuscous, membranaceous on the margin ; the 3 exterior longer, acuminate, reflexed at the point. Stamen's very short. Stigmas subulate, glandular. Cafisule somewhat obovate, obtusely triangular, pointed with the style. Seed angular. Ell.
Hab. On the sandy sea-coast. New- Jersey, 8cc. Pursh.
* * Lea-ves all radical ; (Jloivers terminal. J
4. J. squarrosus L, : leaves setaceous, (rigid) gi-ooved ; panicle terminal, elongated, compound; capsules elliptical. Wind. Spec. U.T^.20d. Smith Fl. Brit. I. ^.318. Eng. Bot. t. 933. Muhl. Cat. p. 36.
Hab. In New-York. Muhlenberg. +
This species is marked as a native of New-York, by Mtt h-
JuNcus. HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA, 36t
le nb erg, in his Catalogue, though it is not described in his Descriptio Graminum.
5. J. tenuis Willd. : stem erect, filiform, a little dicho= tomous at the summit, nearly terete ; leaves setaceous, cana- liculate ; flowers solitary, approximate, subsessile ; perianth longer than the obtuse capsule. Willd. Spec. II. p. 214. Rostk. June. 24. t. 1 . f. 3. Hook. Fl. Scot, part I. p. 108. Pursk Fl. I. p. 238. M u h I. Gram. p. 200. B i go Bost. p. 84. Elliott Sk. I. p. 40G. J. bicornis M i c h» F/.I.p.236. Rostk. Jwic. 2\.t. l.{. 1. PurshFl. 1. p. 236. J. gracilis En^. Bot. t. 2 1 74. Bic h. in Lin. Trans. XII. p. 21 3. fide H o o A; e r.
Jioot fibrous, cespitose. Stem a foot high, slightly compressed, tenacious, generally naked. Leaves linear-setaceous, a little rounded on the back. Pcnfr/e terminal, subcorymbed; branches unequal, often proliferous, 2 — 5-flowered ; powers erect, se- cund, sessile. Involucrum of 2 — 3 setaceous leaves, much longer than the panicle. Leaflets of the /iena72?/i lanceolate, acuminate, nearly one-third longer than the capsule. Stamen* 6; anthers pale yellow. Cafisule subtriangular, globose. Seeds very numerous and minute, oblong, gibbous, striate, brown,
Hab. In low grounds and on road sides ; sometimes in very dry places ; very common. June — July.
This species, when it grows luxuriantly, produces com- pound panicles, with the branches bearing from three to five flowers in a racemose manner. It then appears to be the J. gracilis o{ Eng. Bot. t. 2174, and exactly resembles specimens sent to me under this name from England, by Mr. A. H. Haw orth.
6. J. nodosus L. : stem somewhat leafy ; leaves nodose- articulate ; heads mostly 2, globose, one of them lateral and pedunculate, the other sessile ; leaflets of the perianth mu- cronate, shorter than the acuminate capsule. Rostk. June. 29. t. 2. f. 2. Will d. Spec. II. p. 210. Pursh Fl. I. p. 236. M w A /. Gram. p. 206. Gron. Firg, 15. P luk, Aim. 1 79. t. 92. f. 9.
Root bulbous. Ste7n 8 — 10 inches high, filiform, nearly terete. Leaves few, slender, terete, often longer than the stem, di- vided by transverse partitions, which, especially in a dry state, give them a jointed appearance. Heads often solitary, but ge- nerally 2, globose, 8 — 12-flowered: one of them sessile, the other on a peduncle nearly an inch long. Involucrum a single filiform leaf, much longer than the lieads. Bracts at the base of the perianth, ovate, acute. Leaflets o{ X\\q perianth linear- lanceolate, with a mucronate or subaristate tip. Stamens 6 j anthers yellow. Capsule triquetrous.
Hab. In swamps and boggy grounds. July. 46
362 HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Jukcu*.
* » * Stems leafy, f Leaz'es nearly filane^ grooved above.
7. J. marginatus R o s t k. : leaves flat, smooth ; corymb terminal, simple, proliferous ; heads 5 — 10-flowered; flowers triandrous; leaflets of the perianth about as long as the ob- tuse capsule; the exterior ones and the bracts subaristate. Rostk. June. 30. t. 2. f. 3. Purs h Fl. I, p. 236. Muh L Gram, p, 202. J. aristulatns Mich. Fl. I. p. 192. Et- liotl SA-. I. p. 408. J. triglumis W alt. Car. p. 124.
Root tuberous and creeping. Stem a foot or 18 inches high, compressed. Leaves mostly radical, flat, linear, sheathing at the base; a single one on the stem, which is a Httle canalicu- late. Panicle of 3 — 5 globose heads on unequal peduncles, longer than the erect bract at the base. Heads generally about 6-flowered. Leaflets of the perianth unequal ; the 3 exterior, as well as the bracts at their base, subaristate ; the 3 interior obtuse, margined. Stamens 3, inserted at the base of the exterior leaflets of the perianth. Cafiaule obtusely trian- gular. Seeds numerous, yellow, acute at each extremity, and a little curved, conspicuously striate.
Mab. In low grounds ; not uncommon. August
^,? odorulus* : stem tall, subterete, leafy ; panicle muck branched, proliferous.
Root —. Stem 2-~3 feet high, slightly compressed. Leaves a foot or more in length, 2 lines broad ; all of them flat, very smooth. Panicle terminal, subcorymbed, much branched- Heads very numerous, twice or thrice proliferous. Leaflets of the fieriant/i unequal, rather shorter than the capsule ; the exterior ones lanceolate, subaristate ; the others obtuse and scarious on the margin. Stamens 3. Cafisule subglobose, very obtuse. Seeds very numerous, yellow, acute at each ex- tremity, striate.
Hab. In moist woods. Bloomingdale, near New-York. August. This variety has an odorous smell, similar to that of Vanilla.
8. J. Irijidus L.: sheaths ciliate ; those at the base of the stem leafless ; bracts foliaceous, very long, grooved ; heads about 3-flowered, terminal; stem 1-leaved. Bich. in Lin. Trans. XIL p. 314. fTi / / rf. Spec. II. p. 208. Eng. Bot. t. 1482.
Hoot creeping. Stem about 6 inches high. Leaf mostly soli- tary near the summit, linear-setaceous ; sheaths with finely laciniate stipules ; the lower ones with only the rudiments of leaves. Flowers mostly in a single head, with 2 long setace- ous bracts at the base resembling the leaf on the stem. Leaf- lets of the /lerianth ovate, acute. Cafisule oblong, acuminate.
Hab. On the White Hills of New-Hampshire. Jiig elo iv:
juNcws. HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 363
9. bulbosus L. : stem simple, leafy, compressed ; leaves linear-setaceous, canaliculate ; panicle terminal, compound, subcymose, shorter than the involucrum ; lealkts of the pe- rianth incurved, obtuse or acute, generally shorter than the ovate subglobose capsule. (V i 1 1 d. Spec. II. p. 213. Bich, in Lin, Trans, XII. p. 307. Eng. Bot. t. 934. Pursh Fl. I. p. 237. M u h L Gram. p. 201 . J. dichotomus Elliott SJc. I. p. 406. excl. syn, M i c h.
Itoot perennial, fibrous, forming large tufts. Stem erect, simple, leafy, compressed, tough and wiry. Leaves very narrow, an- gular beneath, but channelled above, short. Panicle small, terminal, subtrichotomnus. Involucrum of 2 unequal setace- ous leaves, the longer of which is shorter than the panicle. Flowers mostly by threes, with obtuse scarious bracts at the base. Leaflets of the fierianth lanceolate, incurved over the capsule, generally acute. Stafnens 6. Cafisule dark brown, ob- tusely triangular, rather longer than the perianth. Seeds fus- cous, oblong, acuminate at each extremity, distinctly striate.
Hab. In salt marshes, along the borders of creeks and ditches ; very distinguishable at a distance by its dark green colour. Common in the vicinity of New-York. Near New-Haven, Connecticut. Mo nso n. August — September.
10« J. hxifonius L. : stem dicliotomous above, panicu- late; leaves filiform-sietaceous, canaliculate; flowers subsoli- tary, sessile, unilateral ; leaves of the perianth very acu- minate, much longer than the elliptical-ovate capsule. B ic h. inLin. Trans. X\\.^. 311. W'llld. Spec.W.^.'iXA. Eng. Bot, t. 802. M ich, Fl. I,p.l9\. P ursh FL l.p. 238. M u h i. Gram, p. 203. Elliott Syfc. I. p. 407.
Root fibrous, annual, cespitose. Stem 3 — 6 inches high, dicho- tomously branched a little above the base, terete, smooth. Leaves few, shorter than the stem> with membranaceous sheaths. Panicle large, loose, few-flowered. Involucrum re- sembling the leaves. Flowers pale green ; bracts large and membranaceous, white. Leaflets of the fierianth linear-lan- ceolate, nearly as long again as the capsule. Stamens 6. Cafi- sule obtuse, subtriangular. Seeds yellow, ovate, obtuse, striate.
Hab. In low overflowed places ; very common on the borders of salt marshes. June — August.
t t Leaves rounded or subcomfiressed, nodose-articulate.
1 1, J. acuminatui' M i c h. : stem leafy, erect; leaves te- rete, nodose-articulate ; panicle terminal, compound ; heads 3 — 6-flowered, pedunculate and sessile; leaflets of the peri- anth linear lanceolate, subaristate, shorter than the acute capsule. M ic h. Fl, 1. p. 192. Pursh Fl. I. p. 237.
364 HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. juncus.
Elliott SA-. 1. p. 409. J. sylvatkus Muhl. Gram. p. 2P6. nee W ill d.
Root fibrous, cespitose. Stem a foot and a half high, terete, te- nacious. Leaves few, short, terete, indistinctly articulate. Panicle terminal, subcorymbose, erect, sometimes proliferous. Heads generally 3-flowered, with acuminate bracts at the base. Leaflets of the perianth tapering into a cusp or short awn. Capsule acutely triangular, acuminate. Seeds minute, subu- late at each extremity, yellow.
Hab. In bogs; very common. New-England, to Carolina. August.
This is nearly allied to J. sylvaticus of Willdenow, but a very distinct plant from J. sylvaticus of Srn ithy Sec. which is a species of Luzula. It scarcely differs from J. acutijlorusf Eng. Bot. t. 238.
12. J. polycephalus Mich.: stem leafy, erect ; leaves compressed, nodose-articulate; panicle decompcmd; heads globose, many-flowered; flowers Iriandrous ; leaflets of the perianth subaristate, rather shorter than the triquetrous acute capsule. J. polijcephulm ». crassifolius M ic h. Fl. I. p. 192. Purs/i F/. I. p. 237. Elliott Sk. \.^.^\0. Big, Bost. p. 84. J. echinulus M u h i. Gram, p. 207.
Root perennial, fibrous. Stem a foot and a half or 2 feet high, tough, a little conipress-^vi beiovv. Leaves compressed, dis- tinctly articulate, thick ; sheaths membranaceous. Panicle compoum! and somewhat verticillaie. H<:ads globose, dense, sessile and pedunculate, 10— 15- flowered. Flowers witli ovate scarious bracts at tiie base. Leaflets of the ptriantk lanceo- late, produced into a cusp or short awn. Stamens 3, (rarely 6.) Ca/iSuZe oblong, acutely triangular. 5ec(i« minute, yel- low, oblong, attenuate at each txiremity. Hab. In boggy meadows. x\ugust September.
Allied to J. nodosus, but diff'ers in its compound panicle, more acute calyx, &:c.
}^. 3. subvenicillatus Willd.?: cauline leaves subu- late, nodose-articulate; panicle corymbose: heads about 5.flowered, fascicniate-verticillate ; leaflets of the perianth striate, as long as the obtuse capsule. B i c //. in Lin. Trans. Xll. p. 322. Wi lid. Spec. II. p. 212. M u h I. Gram. p. 209. i.Jiidlans M i c h. Fl. I. p. 191 . (tide M u h I.) J. vtrlicillatus Pur sh Fl. I. p. 237.
Stem a foot and a half high, erect, compressed, fistulous. Leaves compressed, nodose-articulate. Panicle subverti;:illate ; pe- duncles semiterete. Heads 3 — 5-flowered. Bracts ovate, mu- cronate. Leaflets of the perianth linear, green, subavistate. Capsule triquetrous, acuminate, longer than the calyx. Mu h i.
jNcus. HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 365
Hab. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg.
This species has not come under my observation, unless 1 have mistaken it for a variety of J. nodosus ov fiolycc/ihalus.
251. LUZULA. JVilld.
Perianth 6-leaved,- glumaceous. Capsule superior, 3-celled, 3-valved ; cells l-seeded ; valves without partitions. IF i lid. Emim. Hort. Bcrol. p. 392. JuNci spp. L., Nutt., &c. Nat. Ord. Junce^ Ju s s. Leaves mostly hairy.
1. L. pUosa Will d. : leaves hairy ; panicle subcynnose ; peduncles l-flowered, reflexed ; leallels of the perianth acu- minate, rather shorter than the obtuse capsule. W il I d, Enum. Hort. Berol. p. 393. Hook. FL Scot, part I. p. 110. L. vernalis De C a n d. Sj/7i. Fl. Gall. p. 151. J. pilosus L, Will d. Spec. II. p. 2 1 6. Bic h. iyi Lin. Trans, XII. p. 329. Eng. Bot. 736. M u h I. Gram. p. 200.
Root perennial. Stem about 6 inches high, terete, slender. Ra- dical leaves numerous, broad-linear, with long hairs on the margin and towards the base; stem leaves short and narrow. Panicle 8 — 10-flowered, subtended by a foliaceous bract; fie- dicels about half an inch long, capillary, at length bent down. Perianth with 2 bracts at the base ; leaflets lanceolate, acu- minate, scarious, fuscous. Stamens 6 ; anthers yellow. Style 3-cleft ; stigmas filiform, longer than the perianth. Ca/isule triangular. Seeds with a curved appendage at the tip.
Hab. On mountains. Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. Near
Williams College, Massachusetts. Dewey. April Mar.
This species resembles the European in every respect.
'2. L. campeslris Willd,: leaves hairy; spikes sessile and pedunculate ; leaflets of the perianth acuminate, longer than the obtuse capsule. Willd. Enwn. Hort. Berol. p. 394. De Cand. Syn. Fl. Gall. p. 151. H o o k.' FL Scot, pari I. p. 110. Jiincus campestris L. Willd. Spec II. p. 221. Bich. in Lin. Trans. XII. p. 334. Eng Bot t. 672. Mich. Fl. I. ^.1^0. Pursh FLI.p.2",8. Big. Bost. p. 84. M uhl. Gram. p. 199. Elliott Sk. I. p 410. Walt, Car. p. 125.
Poot fibrous, creeping, perennial, sometimes bulbous. Stem about a foot high, cespitose at tiie base, terete, leafy. Leaves flat, broad-linear ; margin ciliale with long loose hairs. Flowers forming a terminal subcorymbose panicle ; peduncles about 6, unequal, erect or spreading, some of them at length reflexed! Involucrum oi 2 or 3 unequal leaves. S/iifces' round-oyaiel many-flowered. Leaflets of the /leriatiih fuscous, scarious on
366 HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. luzula,
the margin. Stamens scarcely cxserted ; anthers large, yel- low. Cafisule obovate, triangular, 3-ceUed ; 2 of the cells sometimes abortive. Hab. In low meadows and in woods ; very common. April— May.
3. L. melanocarpn D e sv. : culm leafy ; leaves sublan- ceolate, smooth ; panicles capillary, loose ; flowers distinctly pedicellate ; capsules black. O es v. in Joum. de Bot^ I. p. 324. t. 1 1. f. 2, J UNCUS melanocarpus Mick. Ft. I. p. 190. Pursh FL I. p. 238.
Hab. On the White Hills of New-Hampshire. July. Bigc-
I OHO.
4. L» spicata D e C and. : leaves narrow, hairy at the ehroat ; spike 'crnuous, compound; leaflets of the perianth acuminate-anstate, about as long as the roundish capsule. D e C and. Syn. Fl. Gall. p. 151. Bich. in Lin. Trans, XII. p. 336 Hook. Fl. Scot, part \. p. 111. Juncus spi- mtus IV 1 1 1 d. Spec. I. p. 222. Eng. Bol. t. 11 76.
Root fibrous cespitose. Stem about a span high, erect, slender, simple. Leaves 2 inches long, recurved, narrow-linear, a little grooved, smooth, except at the margin of the sheaths. Sfiike an inch long, branched at the base. Spikelets shorter than the Aracfs at the base, i^/owers ferruginous. Co/isu^e obscurely angular, acute.
Hab. On the White Hills of New-Hampshire. August, Boott. Communicated to me by Dr. Bigelow.
ORDER U. T R I G Y N I A.
252. Melanthium. 257. ScheuchzeriAo
253. Veratrum, 258. Triglochin.
254. Helonias. 259. Gyromia.
255. Xerophyllum, 260. Trillium. 956. Tofieldia, 261. Rumex.
252. MELANTHIUM. L.
Polygamous.— Ca/z/x 0. Corolla 6-parted, rotate ; segments unguiculate, with 2 glands at the base;
MELANTHiuM. HEXANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. 36?
claws staminiferous. Capsule subovate, 3-celled ; apex partly trifid. Seeds numerous, membranaceously wine;ed. Gen. pi. 618. Nutt. Gew. I. p. 232. Juss. p. 47. Lam. III. t. CCLXIX. Nat. Ord. Junce^ Juss, Mel ANTKACEJE E. Brown.
l.M,virginicvm L. : panicle pyramidal; petals oval, somewhat hastate, flat; flowers mostly perfect. Willd. Spec, II. p. 266. L a m. Enc. IV. p. 25. Mich. Ft. I. p. 251. Pursh Fl. I. p. 240. Elliott Sk. I. p. 418. Helonias virginica Bot. Mag. 9B5. M. foliis linearibus in- tegerrimis longissimis, <SiC. Gron. Virg 39. P luk. AmaL p. 40. t. 434. f. 8. ?
Root — . Stem 3 feet high, erect, terete, minutely pubescent, lealy. Leaves a ifoot or more in length, and about half an inch broad, sheathing at the base, smooth. Panicle a foot long, compound, loose ; branches alternate. Pedicels three-fourths of an inch long, with ovate obtuse bracts at the base. Flowers polygamo-dioecious, more than half an inch in diameter. Pe^ tain greenish-white, becoming brown with age, persistent, au» riculate or subliastate at the base, which is marked with glan- dular oval spots. Stamens shorter than the corolla, and inserted into its narrow claws, which appear to be folded round their base ; anthers oblong-reniform ; styles 3, short, spreading, per- sistent ; stigmas simple. Ca/isule superior, a little S-cleft at the summit, and then 3-horned, triangular ; cells 3 — 6-seeded. Seeds oval, compressed, wuh a winged margin. Hab In wet meadows. Near Elizabethtown, New-Jersey. Eddy. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. July— Au- gusu
2. M. glaucum Jiutt, : root a tunicated bulb ; leaves glaocGus, gramineous, margined ; raceme mostly simple, (evr- flowered ; flowers perfect ; petals roundish, ungujculate, with 5 spots; seeds subulately winged. J^ utt. Gen. I. p. 232.
About a foot high. Raceme sometimes a little divided at the base. Flowers whitish. J\fu 1 1.
Hab. On the gravelly banks of the St, Lawrence, in calcareous soil, and on the borders of Lake Erie. July— August. JVu t- talL .
According to Mr. JVu ttall, this species is also found on the borders of Lakes Huron and Michigan, and up the Mis- souri to Fort Mandan.
3. M. hyhridum Walt. : panicle racemose ; petals sub- orbicular, plaited, with lon^ claws, glands connate. Walt. Car.p.l25. P u r s fe F/. I. 242. £ //i o H S^. L p. 419, M. racemosum M i c h. Fl. II, p. 251.
Stem 2 feet high, terete, slightly striate, leafy. Leaves long-linear.
368 IIEXANDRIA. TRIGYNIA, melanthium.
nearly glabrous, embracing the stem ; the midrib rather dis- tinct. Panicle long, composed of simple racemes. Flowers somewhat distant, on peduncles twice the length of the petals ; sterile and fertile flowers mixed in each panicle. Petah per- sistent, orbicular, plaited, waved or repand on the margin, (not changing with age, Mich.); ^'/ands forming an emarginate circle at the summit of the claw, with a furrow along the cen- tre. 5to/«ens as long as the petals. 5^y/M expanding. JS Z/. Cafisule large, appearing like 3 united by the inner margins, 3 — 5, and probably sometimes 6-seed, Seeds imbricated, flat, subelliptic, with a double alated margin, about the size of the seeds of some species of Pinus. JVu 1 1. Hab. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg.
253. VERATRUM, L.
Polygamous. — Calyx 0. Corolla 6-parted, expand- ing; segments sessile, without glands. Stamens in- serted upon the receptacle. Capsules 3, united, many- seeded. Gen. pi. 1564. Nutt. Gen, I. p. 233. Juss. p. 47. Lam. ///. t. DCCCL. Nat. Ord.
JuNCEiE Juss. MeLAJJTHACEJE M. Br 0W7U
Green and JVhite Hellebore.
V. viride A it.: racemes paniculate; bracts of the branches oblong-lanceolate ; partial ones longer than the sub- pubescent peduncles; leaves broad-ovate, plicate. Ait. Ktw. Vll. p. 422. Willd. Spec. IV. p. 890. Pursh FL 1. p. 242. iB{^. Bo5/. p. 246. E I li o 1 1 Sk. I. p. 4\d. Y . alhum M i c h. FL II. p. 249. Helonias viridis Bot. Mag. 1096. Veratrum, Cold. Koveb. 79.
Root large, with thick white descending fibres. Stem 3—4 feet high, erect, terete, pubescent. Leaves 6 — 8 inches long, 2 — S broad, longitudinally plicate, acuminate, entire, sheathing the stem at their base. Panicle large, terminal, pyramidal; branches pubescent, attenuate, with leafy bracts at their base \ upper ones bearing staminiferous flowers ; the inferior ones perfect. Corolla greenish, persistent ; fietals oblong, acute, thickened on each side of the base. Stamens shorter than the corolla ; filaments smooth, subulate, inserted at the base of the gernien; anthers roundish, incumbent, turned outwards. Germen oblong, acute, reflexed ; stigmas simple. Cafisules 3, united. Seeds numerous, ovate, compressed.
IIab. In shady swamps. June — July.
Swamfi Hellebore. — Poke-root-
254. HELONIAS. L. Corolla 6-parted, spreading; segments sessile, with-
MELONiAs. HEXANDRIA» TRIGYNIA. 369
out glands. Styles 3, distinct. Capsule 3-celled, 3-horned ; cells few-seeded. Gen. pi 622. Nu t U Gen, I. p. 234. Juss. p. 47. Lam. III. t. 268. Nat. Ord. Junce^ Juss. Melanthace^ R. Brown.
1. H. lalifoUa Mich.', scape leafless; spike ovate, crowded; bracts linear-lanceolate; leaves lanceolate, mu- eronate, nerved. M ich. i^-/. I. p. 212. Purs h Fl. I. p. ^42. H. bullata L. Willd. Spec. II. p. 273. BoL.Mag. 747. BoL Rep. 352. P luk. Aim. t. 174. f. 5.
Flowers pale purple. Anthers blue. Fh.
Hab. In shady swamps, on sandy soil. New-Jersey to Virgi- nia. Pursh. In New-Jersey and Pennsylvania. Muh- lenberg. May.
2. H. erythrosperma M i c h. : scape leafy ; leaves linear, very long; raceme oblong; bracts short; capsule shortened, with divaricate horns ; se'eds ovate, red. Mich. Fl. I. p. 212. Pursh Fl.L^.--2i2. E lli oi t Sk. l.ip. 421. H. lata Bot. Mag. 803. Melanthium laetum .^it, Kew. I. p. 488. Willd, Spec. II. p. 267. M. phalangioides L a m. Enc. IV. p. 28. ^l. musc(zloxicum Walt. Car. T^. 125, An- THERicuM subtrigynum J a cq. icon. rar. II. t. 419.
Foot bulbous. Stem 2 feet high, leafy, obtusely angular, simple, very smooth. Leaves a foot or more in length, 3 — 4 lines broad, mostlv radical, somewhat caricine. Raceme ter- minal, 3—4 inches long, simple ; fiedicels nearly an inch m lenglli, filiform, spreading; bractn cvate, obtuse. Flowers one-fourth of an inch in diameter, white, becoming greenish with age. Fetalu oblong, obluse, sessile. Stamens rather longer than the ^o\\'ev?>; fitaments subulate, inserted at the base of the petals; anthers white, roundish. Germens 3, su- perior, divaricate at the summit ; stigmas siiort, simple, Caii- sules 3, turgid, united at the base. tSeeds ovaie, covered with a pulpy coat, which becomes bright scarltt when ripe.
JIab. In shady moist situauons on river banks, and on high mountains. Pennsylvania to Carolina. Purs h. June.
This plant is a narcotic poison, and is used in the Southern States for destroying flies.
3. H. angusiifolia M i c h. : scape leafy ; leaves very long and narrow; raceme oblong, lax; capsule oblong; seeds linear. Mich. FL 1. p. 212. Pursh FL I. p. 243. Elliott Sk. I. p. 421.
Root fibrous, perennial. Stem about 2 feet high, terete, gla- brous. Leaves very long, linear, acute, much narrower than in the preceding species. Flowers in a terminal simple ra- 47
370 HEXANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. helonias-
ceme i Jiedunclcs longer than the flowers. Petals persistenty longer than the stamens. Cafisules 3, twice as long as the petals, triangular, acute, cohering to the very summit. Ell. Hab. In New- York, Muhlenberg. +
4. H, ? dioka Ph.: scape leafy; racemes dioeciousp spiked, cernuous ; pedicels very short, without bracts ; petals linear; stamens exserled ; leaves lanceolate. Pursh Fl. I. p. 243. El Hot i Sk.l.T^. 423. H. lutea H ort. Kew, ed. 2, II. p. 330. Bot. Mag. 1062. U.pumila J acq. icon, rar. IL t. 453. Veratrum lutewn L. W il I d. Spec. IV. p. 897. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 234. Melanthium dioicum Wa 1 1. Car. p. 1 26. M. densum L a m. Em. IV. p. 26, Ve- ratrum caule simplicissimo, spica ante florescentiam incur- vata. Cold. Koteb. 80. Gro n. Virg. 158.
Root large, praemorse. Stem 1 — 2 feet high, simple, very smooth, slightly angular. Leaves lanceolate, acute ; the radi- cal ones broader. Flowers dioecious and polygamous, in long »pike-like racemes. StamIniferous: Petals linear-spathu- late, obtuse, 1 -nerved, white. Stamens rather longer than the petals ; f laments subulate ; anthers terminal, 2-lobed. Ger- wera entirely wanting. Pistilliferous or Perfect : Raceme becoming erect, generally few-flowered. Petals linear. Sta- mens very short, abortive. Germen ovate, subtriangular, with the sides deeply furrowed ; stigmas 5, spreading or reflexed- Capsule ovate-oblong, 3-furrowed, opening at the summit. Seeds many in each cell, acute, compressed.
Ha3. In wet meadows and bogs ; common in hilly and moun- tainous situations. June. Unicorn' s-horn. — Devil's-bit, he. This species possesses a diff"erent habit from either of the preceding, and should, perhaps, be the type of a new genus. It is intermediate between Helonias and Veratrum.
255. XEROPHYLLUM. Michaux.
Corolla subrotate, deeply 6-parted. Filaments con- tiguous at the base. Stigrnas 3, revolute, partly united below. Capsule subglobose, 3-celled ; cells 2-seeded, opening at the summit. Mi c h. Fl. L p. 210. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 234, Heloniadis sp, L. Nat. Ord,
JUNCE^ JUSS. MELANTHACEiE R. B T 0 WU,
X. setifolimn M ic h. : raceme oblong, crowded ; bracts setaceous ; filaments dilated at the base, as long as the co- rolla; leaves subulate-setaceous. Mich. Fl. I. p. 211, J{utt. Gen. f. p. 235. Hklonj as asphodeloides L, Willd, Spec, IL p, 274, Bot, Mag. 748. Pursh FL I. p. -243.
XEicofHrLLUM. HEXANDRIA, TRIGYNIA. 37 i
Elliott Sk.l.p. 422. Asi'HODELUS minor albus, P luk, Mant, 29, t. 342. f. 3.
R»ot somewhat bulbous. Radical leaves forming large tufts, dry and caricine, about a foot in length and very narrow ; leaves of the scape or stem numerous, scattered, setaceous. Scafie 3 — 5 feet high, erect, simple, terete. Flowers white, in a large terminal raceme, jpedicels an inch or more in length, filiform, with a long setaceous bract near the base, and another below the flower. 'Corolla deeply 6-parted ; segments oval-ob- long, persistent ; the alternate segnients rather shorter and narrower. Stamens about the length of the corolla ; filaments subulate, compressed, contiguous at the base; anthers large, roundish. Germen subglobose. obtusely triangular; styles 0 ; stigmas linear, united at the base, but revolute above. Capsule subglobose, obtusely 3-lobed ; cells opening from the summit to near the middle, 2-seeded. Seeds oblong, compressed.
Hab. In the pine barrens of New-Jersey ; abundant in many parts of Monmouth county. June.
Few herbaceous plants of North- America can vie with this in stateliness and singularity of appearance. It is very distinct from Helonias in habit and structure. The H. tenax of Purs h forms a second species of this genus.
236. TOFIELDIA. Hudson.
Calyx 3-cleft. Petals 6. Anthers roundish. Styles vertical, short. Capsules 3, superior, united at the base, many-seeded. Seeds naked. Smith Fl. Brit, L p. 397. ' Ejusd. in Lin. Trans. XII. p. 238. JVu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 235. Narthecium Juss. p. 47. An- THERicuM L. Nat. Ord. JuNCE^ /w.s.y, Melan- TKA.CEM R. Br own.
T. pubens D r y a n (L : flowers on a scape; rachis and pedicels scabrous ; spike oblong, interrupted ; capsules sub- globose, scarcely longer than the calyx. D ry an d. in Hort, A'ezt;. ed. 2. 11. p. 323. E //i o / f ^F/t. I. p. 424. Smith in Lin. Trans. XII. p. 243. T. pube.scens Pers. Syn. I. p. 399. Pursh FL I. p. 246. Kutt, Gen. I. p. 236. Narthecium pubens Mich. F/. I. p. 209. Melanthium racemosuniWal t. C'a>% p. 170. Anthericum calyculatum. Q r on. Virg. 3 1 .
Root sometimes tuberous. Leaves mostly radical, narrow-ensi- form, about a foot long, very smooth. Scafie with one or two leaves near the base, a foot and a half high, covered towards the summit with a glandular pubescence. 7?acf m^ spikt-d ; the lower flowers mosilyby threes; pedicels 1 — 2 linen long,
372 HEXANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. topieldia,
sabtended by several minute bracts. Calyx of 3 short brac- teiform leaflets. Corolla greenish-white; petals oblong-obo- viate. Stamens about as long as the petals ; filaments subu- late, distinct at the base ; anthers roundish, compressed, brownish-purple. Gertnen ovate, obtusely triangular, acu- minate ; styles shorter than the germen, a little expanding, " Cafisule brown and indurated ; margin of the valves inflexed, seminiferous above. Seeds caudate." JVu 1 1. Hab. In Sussex county, Delaware. J^uttall.
Muhlen berg gives, as synonyms of this species, He- LONiAs borealis L. (meaning, probably, of Wiilde n oiv,J which is the Tofieldia fialustris of Hu ds on and Smit h.
^57. SCHEUCHZERIA. L.
Calyx 6-parted. Corolla 0. Anthers linear. Stig- mas sessile, lateral. Capsules inflated, distinct, mostly 2-seeded. Gen. pi 615. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 236, Juss. p. 46. Lam. III. t. 268. Nat. Ord. Junceje
JuSS. Jv NC AGIN EM Bich,
5. palustris L. Willd. Sjoec. II. p. 265. Ft. Dan, t. 76. ./If ic/j. F/. I. p. 209. Pwr 5 A FA I. p. 247, JVwi/. Gen. 1. p. 236.
Root perennial, horizontal, covered with the persistent fibrous remains of leaves. Stem 8 — 12 inches high, erect, or ilexu- ous, simple, angular. Leaves somewhat distichous, linear and semiterete, with a small depression on the upper surface a little below the tip, sheathing at the base ; those of the infer- tile stems very long. Raceme 5 — 7-flowered ; lowest pedun- cles longest, and subtended by sheathing leaves which dimi- nish upwards into short bracts. Calyx greenish-yellow ; seg- ments oblong, acute, a little spreading, persistent. Siamens
6, longer than the calyx, (sometimes one or two of them abor- tive) ; filaments short, capillary ; anthers linear, very large, erect, compressed, obtuse. Germcns 3, (rarely more), ovate, obtuse ; stigmas sessile, obtuse. Cafisides scarcely united at the base, ovate, coriaceous, compressed, margined, 2-vaIved. Seeds 2 in each capsule, attached to the margins near the base, oblong, smooth, obtusely triangular, black.
Hab. In sphagnous swamps near Albany. Beck and Tracy. In Vermont. Eaton, Near Philadelphia. JVuttall. July.
A rare plant in this country. It appears to be similar to the European in every respect.
258. TRIG LOCH IN. L, Perianth 6-leaved, deciduous; leaflets concave; 3 of
TRiGLocHiN. HEXANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. 373
the leaflets inferior and more calycine. Stamens 3 — 6, very short; anthem turned outward. Stigmas nearly sessile, adnate. Capsules 3 — 6, united above by a common receptacle or axis, generally separating at the base, 1-seeded, not opening. Gen. pi. 606. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 237. Juss. p. 47. Lam. 111. t. CCLXX. Nat. Ord. Junce^ Juss. Jijnca- GiNE.E Rich, Arrow-grass.
1. T. maritimum L. : fruit ovate-oblong, of 6 united cap- sules. W i 1 1 d. Spec. II. p. 265. Smlt h Ft. Brit. I. p. 399. Eng. Bot. t. 255. M i c h. Fl. I. p. 208. Purs h FL I. p. 217. Big. Bost. 1. p. 85. T. daium Nut I. Gen. I. p. 237.
Root horizontal, perennial. Leaves all radical, 6 — 12 inches long, linear and very narrow, rush-like, sheathing at the base, fieshy, semicylindrical. Sca/ie longer than the leaves, naked, obtusely anj^ular. S/ii/ce a foot or more in lensijth ; Jlo'Z'ers on pedicels 1 — 2 lines long, erect. Perianth 6-lcaved ; 3 of the leaflets inferior and more calycine. Stamens 6, by pairs ai the base of each leaflet of the perianth ; Jilaments very short ; an- thers nearly sessile. Stigmas persistent, spreading. Capsules linear, margined, grooved on tlie back, united above to a fili- form persistent axis, and thus tbrming a single oblong-ovate hexagonal fruit, which appears to be 6-celled. Seed linear, one in each capsule.
Hab. In salt marshes near New-York. Near Boston. B i- geloiv. New-Haven, Connecticut. Ives. In fresh, and probably also in salt marshes in the State of New-York. JVuttall. About the Salt Springs of Onondaga, New- York. Coo/ier. July — August.
If the plant described above is the T. elatum of Mr. JYu t- t all, of which there can be little doubt, I am obliged, in this instance, to difl'er from that acute Botanist. Having com- pared the former with European specimens of T. maritimum^ I find no difference, except its oblong, rather than ovate fruit. Even among the latter, however, I find some with the fruit nearly as narrow as in the North-American plant.
2. T. palustre L. : flowers triandrous ; fruit of 3 united capsules, nearly linear, attenuate at the base. W ill d. Spec. If. p. 264. Smith Fl. Bnt. I. p. 398. Eng. Bot. t. 306. Pursk Fl. I. p. 247.
Root perennial. Leaves all radical, very narrow, nearly as long as the scape, a little fieshy, Sca/ie about a foot high, very slender. Peduncles appressed, '2 — 3 lines long. Fruit linear, attenuated downwards, composed of 3 united capsules. Hab. In marshes round the Salt Lake of O.iondaga, New- York. Pur s h. Near the Table Rock, Falls uf Niagara. .\ugust. Cooper, -v. s. in Herb. C 00 fie r.
374 HEXANDRIA. TRIGYNIAo G^Komji.
259. GYROMIA. Nut tall.
Calyx 0. Corolla 5-parted, revolute. Filaments. and anthers distinct. Styles 0; stigmas 3, filiform and divaricate, united at the base. Berry 3-celled ; cells 5 — 6-seeded. Seeds compressed, 3-sided. Nu 1 1. G(?w. I. p. 238. Medeol^e jy&. L., &c. Lam, M t 266. f. 2, Nat. Ord. Asparage^ Juss,
Indian Cucumber,
G. virginica Nuti. Gen. I. p= 238. Medeola virgi- nica L. Willd. Spec. II. p. 270. BoUMag. 1306. Mich, i^/.I.p.2H. Pwrs A F/. I. p. 244. B i g. Bost, ^. 85. Elliott Sk.l.^. A'2b. ^ri/f. Car. I. p. 126.
Root oblong, tuberous, horizontal. Stem erect, simple, about 18 inches high, clothed with a brownish deciduous wool. Leaves in two whorls ; one a little above the middle, of 6 — 8 ovate- lanceolate acuminate leaves; the other terminal, of 2 — 3 ovate ones ; all of them entire, membranaceous, 3-nerved. Flowers 3 — 6, on aggregated pedicels arising from the upper whorlj and reflexed down between the leaves. Corolla pale yellow ; petals oblong, obtuse, longitudinally nerved. Stamens rather shorter than the petals ; filaments capillary, smooth ; anthers oblong, incumbent, 2-celled. 5;2^»zas tliick, very long.
Hab. In moist woods ; generally in rich soil. May — June. This plant is very properly separated from the other species of Medeola by J^u t tall, from which it differs in the flowers and tiuit, as well as in its habit. I could never discover in the roots any flavour resembling that of cucumbers. The variety picta of JVuttall appears scarcely to diff"er from the com- mon kind, which, when in fruit, generally has the leaves of th^ superior whorl coloured crimson near the base.
260. TRILLIUM. L.
Calyx 3-leaved, Corolla 3-petalled. Stigmas ses- sile. Berry superior, 3-celled; cells many-seeded. Gen. pi 620. Nutt. Gen. L p. 239. Ju s s. p. 42. Lain. ///. t. 267. Nat. Ord. Asparage^ Juss. Leaves 3, verticillate at the summit of the stem; flower terminal, solitary. .American Herb Paris.
1. T. sessile L. : flower sessile, erect ; petals lanceolate, twice as long as the calyx; leaves sessile, broad-oval, acute. Willd. Spec. 11. p. 272. Bot. Mag. 40. Mich. Fl. I. p. 215. Pnrsh Fl, I. p. 244. Elliott Sk. 1. p. 426.
Trillium. HEXANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. ^ 375
Walt. Car. p. 126. Paris foliis ternis, flore sessili erecto^ Gron Virs;.44» Solanum, &c. Catesb, Car. I. p. 60. t. 50. Pluk. Aim. 352. t. 111. f. 6.
Root thick, somewhat praemorse, with thick horizontal fibres' Stem 8 — 10 inches high, thick, smooth. Leaves broad-oval of obovate, about 4 inches long, and 2 and a half broad, clouded with darker green, acute or slightly acuminate, 2-nerved. Flowem closely sessile. Leaflets of the calyx ovate-oblong, obtuse, persistent. Corolla dark purple, half as long again as the calyx, rather obtuse. Filaments very short ; anthera linear, nearly half an inch long, adnate to the filaments, and opening on the inner side. Germen ovate, triangular ; stigmas almost sessile, spreading, obtuse. Berry obtusely triangular, dark purple. Hab. On the sides of fertile hills, in shady and rocky grounds, Pennsylvania to Carolina. ' Pursh.
In my specimens, the petals are scarcely half as long again as the calyx. It is probable that there are several species with sessile flowers, confounded under the name of sessile. 1 have specimens of a very distinct species discovered in Arkansa by Mr. Js'uttall; and the yellow flowered variety mentioned by Pursh and Muhlenberg is probably another.
2. tryihrocarpnm Mich.: peduncle somewhat erect; petals oval-lanceolate, acute, recurved, nearly as long again as the narrow calyx ; leaves ovate, acuminate, rounded at the base, abruptly contracted into a short petiole. M i ch. Fl. I.p.2l6. Elliott bk. \.p, 4n. jYutt. Ge7t.l.p,Q39. T. pictum Pursh FL 1. p. 244. T. widuktum Willd, Horl. Berol.X.^, 55. Root perennial. Stem about 8 inches high. Leaves broad-ovate, much acuminate, somewhat cordate ; the base abruply con- tracted into a short, but distinct petiole. Peduncle half as long as the leaves, inclined to one side. Calyx about half the length of the corolla ; leaflets lanceolate, acute. Corolla white, with purplish veins towards the base; undulate on the margin. Stigmas short, recurved. Berry oblong, scarlet. Hab. In sphagnous swamps abounding with evergreens, espe- cially on mountains. Deerfield, Massachusetts. Coo ley zx\^ Hitc he oc k. Near Williams College. Deiuey. In the cedar swamp, New-Durham, New-Jersey. Pennsylvania, Mu h lend e rg. May.
Among my specimens of Trillium, are two from Deer- field, Massachusetts, in which there are three distinct, though short styles, with the stigmas nearly erect ; in every other re= spect they resemble T erythrocarfium.
The T. undulatum\ oi Elliott, (1. c. p. 43,) described
f 1*. nndii latum ,• foliis ovatis acuminatis; flora pedunculato, erecto ; petalis obloiigis, undulatis patentibus — Leaves sesaile; peduncle short, erect ; petals much longer than the calyx. El!.
376 HEXANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. trillIum.
from specimens collected in the mountains of Pennsylvania, does not appear to differ from T. crythrocarpmn, except in its sessile leaves, which is not an uncommon occurrence in the latter species.
2. T. piiiiUimt Mick.: peduncle erect; petals scarcely longer than the calyx; leaves oval oblong, obtuse, sessile. . JW I c A. n. f . p. 2 J 5. Elliott Sk. I. p. 427. T. pumihim Purs h Fl. I. p. 245.
PZaw^ small. i"f<a/s pale flesh-coloured. Mich. Hab. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg.
4. T. cernuum L. : peduncle recurved ; petals lanceo- late, acuminate, flat, recurved, of the length and breadth of the calyx ; leaves dilated-rhomboid, abruptly acuminate, on short petioles. Wi lid. Spec. II. p. 271 . excl. syn. C at e s b. and Cold. Boi. Ma^. 954. Smith SpiciL 4. P ur s h F/.l.p.245. Big. Bost.Tp.B5. JVwn. Gen. I. p. 239.
Root perennial. Stem a foot or 18 inches high. Leaves broadly rhomboid, acute at the base, and slightly petiolate. Floiver middle-sized, on a recurved peduncle scarcely more than half an inch long. Leaflets of the calyx ovate-lanceolate, acumi- nate. Corolla white, (purple, Mu h I.) ; petals a little longer than the calyx. Berry large, dark purple.
Hab. In shady woods, among rocks. May. Rare in the vici- nity of New-York, but not uncommon in the interior of the country.
This is not the T. cernuum of Michmix^ according to Mr. .Yuttall^ which is a distinct species, iiaving a stylife- rous geiTTien and narrow leaves, (T. stylrsum, JVutt.) El- liott's T. Catesbcci is perhaps the same.
b, T . ereclum L, : peduncle inclined ; flower nodding; petals ovate, acuminate, flat, spreading, broader, and a little longer than the calyx; leaves broad-rhomboid, acuminate, sessile. Willd. Spec. 11. p. 271. Pnrsh Fl. I. p.245. Elliott Sk. I. p. 427. T. rhomboidcum oc. ati-opurpnmtm Mich. Fl. I. p. 215. 'T. airopurpurennt Curt, in Bot, Mag. AlO. T.fcctidtim Parud. Land. 35. Pai^is Ibliis ternis, &c. Cold, JVovti. 81.
Root large, prsemorse, with thick horizontal fibres. Stem a foot or more in height, sheathed at the base. Lcavea large, abruptly acuminate, closely sessile. Peduncle about half as long as the leaves, inclined to one side. Flower large, a little nodding. Leaflets of the calyx oblong-lanceolale, acuminate. Petals dark purple, nearly as broad again as the calyx. Filaments distinct ; anthers linear ; stigmas sessile, spreading. Berry large, nearly black.
iI\B. Tn rich soil, among shady rcsks : common. May.
^TfiiLLiuM. HEXANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. 377
jg. album Ph.: flowers smaller: petals Avhite. Pursh I.e. Elliott I.e. Bot. Jl/ag-. 1027. T. rhomboideum f, album Mich. 1. c.
Hab. In similar situations; rare. Near Albany, New-York. Eights, See.
G. T. pendulum IVil I d.: peduncle inclined ; flower pen- dulous ; petals ovate, shortly acuminate, flat, spreading, nearly equal to the ovate acuminate calyx ; leaves roundish- rhomboid, acuminate, subsessile. Willd. Hort, Berol, I. t. 35. Pursh FL\.^,^Q, E I li o 1 1 Sk\ I. p. 42Q.
Root perennial. Stem a foot high. Leaves acute at the base, but sessile, with a short abrupt acuminalion. Peduncle about an inch long, inclined or recurved. Leaflets of the calyx ovate- lanceolate. Corolla white, with pink veins, a little longer than the calyx.
Hab. On the mountains of Pennsylvania. May, Pursh. This species strongly resembles T. cernuum.
7. T. grandiflorum Sal i s b. : peduncle inclined ; flower somewhat erect ; petals spathulatc-lanceolate, connivent at the base, much longer than the calyx ; leaves broadly rhom- boid-ovate. Hort. Kezo. ed. 2. II. p. 329. Parad. Lond. LI. Bot. Mag. B35. Pursh F/. I. p. 246. Elliott Sk. I. p. 427. J^ utt. Gen. 239. T. rhomboideum o. gran- (lijlorum M i c h, Fl. I. p. 216.
Root praemorse, with large fasciculate fibres. Stem about 10 inches high. Leaves sessile, acute at the base, abruptly acu- minaie. Peduncle somewhat inclined, an incli and a half in length. Leaflets of the calyx ovate-lanceolate, acute. Co- rolla white, becoming dark rose-coloured ; fietals an inch and a half, or 2 inches in length, obovate, with a very short abrupt acumination. Stigmas nearly as long as the gernien, spread- ing. Berries dark purple,
Hab. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. In Vermont. E a- ton. May.
My specimens are from Black Rock, Lake Erie, where they were collected by Prof. Douglass; so that the geo" graphical range of this species is from Canada to Carolina.
^Qi. RUMEX. L.
Perianth 6-leavecl. Nut triquetrous, covered by the 3 interior valviform leaves of the perianth. Stigmas many-cleft. Gen. pi. 613. .Viitt. Gen. J. p. 240. .Tuss. p. 82. Ijum. III. t. 271. Nat. Orel. Poly- gon E/e J u s s, . Dork. 40
370 HEXANDRIA, TRIGYNIA, rumex*
» Flowers all perfect ; valves graniferous. LapATHUM. f Valves entire.
1. R. aquaticus L. : valves ovate, entire, all of them gra^ njt'erous; leaves lanceolate; the lower ones cordate at the base. Willd. Spec. II. p. 255. Smith Fl. Brit. I. p. 394. Eng. Bot. '2\0A. P ur s h FL \. i^. 248. Muhl. Cat. p. 37. Col d. Noveb. 83.
Root large, thick, astringent. Stem 3—4 feet high, erect, sul- cate. ' Leaves lanceolate, 6— 8 inches long, soraew hat glau- cous ; the inferior ones larger, on long petioles, distinctly cor- *daie ai the base. Flowers in a terminal leafy panicle, verti- cillate ; fiedicels 3—4 lines long, capillary, nodding. Valves of the fitrianth ovate, with prominent veins, each bearing a small linear grain, which is sometimes obsolete. JVut large, acutely triangular.
Hab. In ditches and on the borders of ponds, June. Probably introduced. Great Water Dock.
■-2. R. crispus L.: valves very large, cordate, entire, reti- culate, graniferous; leaves lanceolate, undulate, acute. Willd. Spec. 11. p. 251. Smith Fl. Brit. I. p. 391. Eng. Bot. 1998. Pursh Fl. 1. p. 247. B ig. Bost. p, 86. Elliott Sk, I. p, 414,
Root large, fusiform, yellow. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, sulcate, smooth. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, crisped on the margin, rather acute. Whorls oi Jlowers crowded; the inferior ones leafy. Pedicels 3 — 4 lines long. Valves large, broadly cor- date, minutely serrate towards the base under a lens, each grai'ifercus, one of the grains much the largest.
Hab. In meadov/s and waste places. Juue. Introduced.
3. R. sanguinens L.: valves oblong, small, one of them graniferous; leaves lanceolate, subcordate. Willd. Spec, II. p. 250. Smith Fl. Brit. 1. p. 390. Eng. Bot. t. 1533. Pursh FL l.p.2i7. E Ilia 1 1 Sk. \. ^. 413. WalL Car. p. 126.
Root fusiform. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, ^rauch branched, angular, smooth. Leaves large, petiolate, generally variegated with blood-red veins. JFAoj-/* of y^owfrs small, distant ; the upper ones without leaves. Valves entire, only one of them bearing a large red grain.
Hab. In fields and on road sides. June, Introduced.
4. R. Bntanrdca L. : valves all entire and graniferous ; whorls of flowers leafless ; leaves broad-lanceolate, flat, smooth ; sheaths obsolete. W Hid. Spec. II. p. 250.
RUMEx. HEXANDRIA. TRIGYNTA. ~379
M i c h. Fl. I. p. 21 7. B ig. Bost. p. G7. V/ a 1 1. Car. p. 126. R. britannicus Pursh F/. I. 248. Elliott Sk. I . p. 414. RuMEX aquaticus, &c. Cold. jVoveb. 84.
Hoot large, fusiform, dark coloured externally, yellow internally. Stem 9. — 3 feet high, branched, angular and furrowed. Leaves large, petiolate, acute ; stifiules lacerate and nearly obsolete. Flowers in a large terminal panicle, polygamous ; fascicles verticillate, at length pendulous. Valves cordate ; tliose of the perfect flowers much larger. J\''ut acutely triquetrous.
Hab. In overflowed swamps, and on the muddy borders of ponds.
Yellow-rooted Water Dock. A native species, which, according to Persoon, does not inhabit Europe. It is said by C o Ide n to be the great secret remedy of our Indians for phagsedenic ulcers.
5. R. verticillatm L. : valves entire, all of them granifc- ious ; racemes leafless; leaves lanceolate ; sheaths cylindri- cal, [fi // f/. S/jec. 11. p. 250. Mich. Fi. I. 217. Pursh F/. I. p. 248. Elliott Sk, \. p. A\3. Walt. Car. i^. 326. Lapathum aquaticum, (SiC. Gron. Virg. 39.
Root large, fusiform. Stem about 2 feet high, a little branched, ' Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, fiat ; sAearAs cylindrical, long, membranaceous. Flowers semiverticillate; whorls few-flower- ed. Pedicels half an inch or more in length, incrassated up- wards. Valves cordate-oblong, very entire. JVut acutely tri- quetrous. Hab. In deep mud on the borders of rivers and ponds ; rare. June.
Resembles the preceding species.
t t Valves toothed.
6. R. acidus L. : valves oblong, somewhat toothed, all of them graniferous ; leaves cordate-oblong, acuminate ; wnorls leafj. Willd. Spec. H. p. 253. Smith FL Brit. I. p. 391. Eng. Bot. 724 =
Root fusiform. Stem 2—3 feet high, angular. Leaves large ; the lower ones distinctly cordate, on long petioles. Racemes branched. [F/ioWs semiverticillate, dense, leafy, ra/x-es ob- long-lanceolate, minutely toothed, especially towards the base, each bearing a large red grain. .Yut small, acutely triangular.
Hab. In waste places and about ditches. May. Doubtless in- troduced.
7. R. ohiusifolbis L.: valves dentate ; one of them con- spicuously graniferous; radical leaves ovate cordate, obtuse ; stem somewhat scabrous. Willd. Spec. II. p. 254. S m i t k Fl. Brit. 1. p. 392. Eng. Bot. t. 1 999. Pursh F/. L p. 248. Big. Bost, p. 86.
380 HEXANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. rumb^.
Eoot large, branched, brown externally, yellow within. Stem 2 — 4 feet high, branched, angular and sulcate. Leaves very large ; the radical ones nearly a foot long, and 6 — 7 inches broad, slightly waved on the margin, obtune ; veins often red beneath. Racemes long, nearly leafless. Valves large, ovate- cordate, reticulate, acutely dentate; one of them bearing a large grain.
Hab. In shady woods and in fields. In the former situation it grows much larger. June — July. Introduced.
* * Flowers dioe,cious ; valves grainless. Aoetosa.
8. R. Acetosella L. ; leaves lanceolate-hastate, with the lobes spreading or recurved. W il I d. Spec. II. p. 260, Smith Fl. Brit. I. p. 396. Eng. Bot. U 1 574. M i c h. JT/. I. p. 216. Pwrs A F/.l. p. 249. B i g. Bost, p. 87. Elliott Sk. I. p. 405.
Raot creeping. Stem 4 — 12 inches high, slender, somewhat an- gular and furrowed. Leaves generally all hastate, though sometimes the radical ones only are so ; petioles long ; sheaths lacerate. Racemes paniculate ; nvhorls 6 — 8-flowered. Starrd- ■jiiferous flowers with scarcely more than the rudiment of a germen ; fierianth petaloid. Valves in the fiistilliferous flowers ovate, entire, reticulate.
Hab. In fields and cultivated grounds ; very commonJ May — = July. Introduced. Shee/is' Sorrel,
A pernicious weed, well known for its pleasant acid taste. I have very rarely found the pistilliferous flowers.
ORDER III. T E T R A G Y N I A.
262j SAURURUS. L.
Flowers in an ament or crowded spike; scales 1-flowered. Corolla 0. Anthers adnate to the fila- ments. Capsules each 1 or rarel}- 2-seeded. Geru pi. 632. Nutt. Gen, I. p. 240. Juss. p. 19. Lam. III. t. 276. Mattuschkea Gmel. Syst. Nat. I. p. 589. Anonymos JFalt. Car. p.. 127. Nat. Ord. Naiades Juss.^ Lizards'- taiL
t Jussieu does not appear to be satisfied with the place he has as= signed to this plant in his System. He asks whether it is not more nearly allied to the AnoiDEaj, or to Piper. We think certainly to the latter.
SAURURus, HEXANDRIA. TETRAGYNIA. 381
S. cernuus L. : Will d. Spec. II. p. 292. M % c h. Fl. f.p.218. Pnrsh Fl.],25S>. E U i o 1 1 Sk. I. p. 432. Anonvmos aquatica Walt. Car. p. 127. Mattuschkea aquaiica G m e I. Syst. Nat. I. p. 589. G r o n. Virg. 40. Pluk, Aim, 343. t. 117. f. 3, 4.
Root creeping in the mud, perennial. Stem a foot and a half or 2 feet in height, angular and sulcate, a little hairy towards the summit, forked above. Leaves alternate, cordate, acuminate, 4 — 6 inches long, 2 — 3 broad, smooth on both sides, i;laucous, with prominent nerves beneath; petioles 1 — 2 inches long. Stiike or ament solitary, opposite a leaf on one of the forks of the stem, pedunculate, 3 — 6 inches long. Calyx or scale of the ament 1 -leaved, tubular, hairy, white, cleft on the upper side, acute. Stamens 6 — 8, much longer than the caiyx ; Ji'.a- ments unequal, filiform, enlarging a little upwards, inserted at the base of the germens; anthers oh\on^^ 2-celled, opening laterally the whole length. Germens 4, oblong, united on the inside to the elongated receptacle; styles short, recurved; stigmas small, capitate.
i^AB. In swamps and on the borders of rivers. July — August.
ORDER IV. P O L Y G Y N I A.
2G3. ALISMA. L.
Calyx 3-leaved. Petals 3. Capsules numerous, l-seeded, not opening. Gen. pi. 625. Nu 1 1. Gen.
I. p. 241. Jiiss. p. 46. Lam. 111. t. CCLXXVIL Nat. Ord. JuNCE^ /i/5^. Alismace^ Rich. —
II. Bro w n. Water- Plantain.
A. Planfago L. ; leaves ovate-cordate, acute or obluse, 9-nerved; flowers in a compound verticillate panicle; iVuit obtusely triani^ular. W ill d. Spec. 11. p. 276. S m if h Fl. Brit. I. p. 400. Eng. But. t. 837. M i c h. Fl. I. p. 218. B i g. Bost. p. 87, A. trivialis P u r s h Fl. I. p. 25.2. E I- liott Sk. I. p. 434.
Moot fibrous, perennial. Leaves all radical, on long petioles, ovate or oval, 4 — 6 inches long, and 2 or more in breadth, en- tire, smooth, sometimes with a short a'brupt acumination, rarely obtuse, distinctly cordate ut the baye, wi'.a 9 longitudi-
382 HEXANDRIA. POLYGYNIA» alisma,
nal nerves, 2 of which arise from the midrib above its base, and 2 are mari^iHal. Scafie I — 2 feet high, triangular. Pa- Tiicle much decompounded in a verticUlate manner, with ovate, acuminate bracts at the division of the branches. Calyjo shorter t!ian the corolla; leaflets dilated, roundish. Petals larger than the calyx, white, with a tinge of purple, nearly or- bicular, deciduous. &awens shorter than the corolla; anthers I'oundish. Germens superior, numerous, (6 — 10); styles short ; stigmas obtuse. Ca/isules rarely with more than one set'd. compressed, obtuse. Hab la ditches and on the borders of ponds ; common. July- August.
^, parvijlora* : leaves oval, 5 — 7-nerved, acuminate; flowers very small. P. parvijlora Pursh Ft, I. p. 253. Elliott Sk. I. p. 234.
Resembles the preceding, but has smaller flov/ers, and the leaves
not more than 7-nerved. Hab. In ditches and bogs ; generally near the salt water. August Certainly no more than a variety of A. Plantacro^
CLASS VII. H E P T A N D R I A
ORDER I. MONOGYNIA.
264. Trientalis. 265. ^sculus.
264. TRIENTALIS. L.
Calyx 7-leaved. Corolla 7-parted, equal, flat. Berry dry, 1-celled, many-seeded. Gen, pi 626. Nii t U Gen. I. p. 242. Juss. p. 96. Lam. III. t. 275. Nat. Ord. Lysimachi^e J u s s. Primulacej: R. Brown, Chick-weed JVintergreen,
T. europcea /S. angustifolia* : leaves narrow-lanceolate, acuminate, oblique. T. americana Pursh Fl. I. p. 256. Bart. FL Am, Sept. II. t. 47. To europcea M i c k» Fl. L p. 220. Big. Bost. p. 85.
Root creepinjj, perennial. Stems simple, erect, slender, terete, about 6 inches high. Leaves 6—7, in a terirdnal whorl, with 2—3 smaller ones on the stem, narrow, or oblung-lanceo- late, acuminate at each extremity, a little twisted at the base, smooth on both sides, entire. Peduncles 3—4, arising from the centre of the whorl of leaves, filiform, a little inclined, an inch and a half, or 2 inches in length, each terminated by a single flower half an inch in diameter. Leaflets of the calyx subulate, cuspidate. Corolla white, deeply 7— 8-parted, nearly as long again as the calyx ; segments obovate-lanceolate, acu- minate. Stamens 7— Z, shorter than the corolla ; 7?/am(?7i^ff very slender, inserted at the base of the corolla ; anthers sim- ple, linear, involute when decaying. Gcrmen superior, glo- bose: style ^Wiovm, as long as the stamens; stigma emargi- nate. Berry small, dry, resembling a capsule, white, menibra- naceous. Seeds few, seated on a central spongy receptacle. _ Hab. In sphagnous swamps abounding with evergreens, and in low woods. May— June.
384 IIEPTANDR[A. MONOGYNIA. trientalis.
The North-American variety of this plant is considered as a distinct species hy F ti r s h, but having compared it with spe- cimens of T. europxa^ from several parts of the old world, I find no difference sufficient to constitute it more than a variety. In my Swedish specimens, the leaves are as narrow as in our own plant. Whether the character of the oblique leaves exist in the T. europcsa or not, I am unable to decide.
265. ^SCULUS. L,
Calyx 1-leaved, 4 — 5-toothed, ventricose. Corolla 4 — 5-petailed ; petals unequal, pubescent, inserted upon the calyx. Capsule S-celled. Seeds large, soli- tary, fjen. pi. 628. JYutt. Gen. I. ip. 242. Juss. p. 251. Lam. III. t. CCLXXIII. Nat. Ord. Ac E R A c EM Ju ss, Horse-cliesmit. — Buck-eye^
M. glabra W il, I d. : leaves quinate, very smooth ; co- rolla 4-petalled, spreading, with the claws as long as the calyx ; stamens longer than the corolla ; fruit spinous, Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. I. p. 405. Pursh FL I. \). 255. M. echinala M uhL Caf. p. 38 ? Pavia ohioensis Mich. f. Arh. U. p.2l7. t. 92.
A large shrub or small tree, with a soft white wood. Leaflets 5., unequal, oval, acuminate, 9—10 inches long. Flowers large, yellowish-white, in terminal racemose panicles. Fruit glo- bose, about half as large as the common Horse-chesnut, covered with short prickles.
Had. In the western counties of Pennsylvania. Pursh, May.
CLASS VIII. O C T A N D R I A,
ORDER I. MONOGYNIA.
* Flowers superior.
266. Rhexia. 268. Gaura.
267. CEnothera. 269. Epilobium.
270. OxYCoccus.
* * Flowers inferior.
271. Menziesia. 273. Dirca.
272. Acer. 273. Jeffersonia.
266. RHEXIA. L.—R, BrownA
Calyx urceolate, 4 — 5 -cleft. Petals 4, inserted upon the calyx. Anthers incumbent, attached to the filaments behind, naked at the base. Capsule setige- rous, 4-ceiied, free in the ventricose calyx ; receptacles lunulate, pedicellate. Seech numerous. D. Don III. JVat. Fam. Melast. in Wern. Trans. IV. p. Gen. pi 636. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 243. Ju s s. p. 330. L a 7n. Ig. t. 283. Nat. Ord. Mex astomace^ Juss.
1. R. virginica L, : stem with winged angles, somewhat
f Rhexia, as now characterized by H. Brow n, and D. D o n, '\s a North-American genus; nearly all the South- American species resembling' MEtASTOMA formerly referred hither, being excluded, and now forming the genus ABTOROSTEaiMA oi' Fav on, and oi Don. 49
586 OCTANDRIA. RlONOGYNIA. rhe^ia,
hairy; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, serrate-ciliate, sprin- kled with appressed hairs on both sides. JV il I d. Spec, II, p. 301. Bot. Mag. 968. L a m, ///. 283, f, 2. Mich^ FL I. p. 222. Pursh Fl. I. p. 258. Big. Bost. p. 91. Elliot i S/c. L p, 439, Bart. Fl. Jim. Sept. I. t. 4. Gron. Virg. 41. P luk. Aim. 235, t. 202. f. 's.
Root perennial. Stem about a foot high, quadrangular, with mem- branaceous angles, which are a little hairy, dichotomously pa- niculate above. Leaves opposite, rarely ternate, an inch long, acute, 3-nerved, with scattered hairs on the upper surface, and on the nerves beneath ; margin distinctly serrulate. Pe- duncles terminal, subcorymbose. Calyx exactly urceo- late ; segments lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla bright purple, large ; petals obovate, caducous. Filaments subulate, shorter than the petals, inserted in the margin surrounding the mouth of the calyx ; anthers at first hanging down, but ascending as the flowers expand, linear, obtusely calcarate at the base, in- curved, 1 -celled, yellow, with a small setaceous process at their junction with the filaments, di.jcharging their pollen through a terminal pore.f Style longer than the stamens, curved ; .sr/^-wa obtuse, pubescent. Ca/jsw/e sub globose; valves open- ing by an oblong fissure in the middle of each cell. Seeda numerous, subreniform, cochleate, with a large concave umbi- licus at one extremity.
Hab. In wet meadows, among high grass; not uncommon, July — August. Deer-grass.
2. R. marxana L,: very hairy ; leaves lanceolate, acute at each end, 3-nerved, subpetiolate ; calyx tubular, nearly smooth. Willd. Spec, n.ip.301. L a ?n. ///. t. 283. f. 1 . Bot.Cab.36G. Mick. Fl.l.^.'21\. PurshFl.l.'p. 257. Elliott Sk. I. p. 237. Bart. Fl. Jim. Sept. I. t, 27. Walt. Car. p. 130. P luk. Mant. t, 428. f. 2,
Root perennial Stem a foot high, nearly terete, sulcate, branch- ed, covered v/ith brownish spreading hairs. Leaves varying from lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, serrulate-ciliate. Calyx ventricose at the base, contracted at the throat, which is tubu- lar and slightly hairy ; segments linear-lanceolate, setaceous at the extremity. Corolla purple j petals oblique, broad-ovate. Anthers gibbous, and obtusely calcarate at the base.,
Hab. In bogs and sandy woods, near waters. New-Jersey to Carolina. Pursh. In Maryland. Muhlenber g.
3. R. ciliosa Mich.: stem subquadrangular, smooth j
•j- JVfr. JSTuttall remarks, of the anthers in this genus, "that they emit tlieir pollen byasing'le clandestine pore, situated at the junction with tlie filament ; the pore guarded by a single seta." To me, however, they appear to open as in the rest af the Nat. Ord. MEtASTOM.\cEa!, by a terminal
aHExiA, ' OCTANDRIA. MONOGYNTA. 387
leaves subpetiolate, oval, smooth beneath, slightly hispid above ; margin serrulate-ciliate ; flowers involacrate. M i c h. F/.Lp.m. Pursh Fl.L p. 253. U 10. (. U Elliott Sk.l, 439. R.peliolala IV a It. Car. p. 130.
Hoot perennial. Stem a foot high, obtusely quadrangular, slen- der, generally simple. Leaves broadly-ovate, scarcely more than half an inch long, distinctly ciliate on the margin, 3-nerv- ed ; the 2 lateral nerves almost marginal. Flowers 3 — 5, ter- minal, each subtended by an involucrum of 2 leaves resembling those on the stem. Corolla purple ; petals roundish. Anthers short, a little curved, scarcely produced at the base.
Hab. In Delaware. Mu hlenb er g.
I have described this species from Southern specimens, not having seen any from the Northern States.
267. (ENOTHERA. Z.
Calyx tubular, 4-cleft ; segments deflexed, decidu- ous. Petals 4. Stigma 4-cleft. Capsule 4-celled, 4-valved. Seeds naked, affixed to a central 4- sided receptacle. Gen. pL 637. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 245. /w J J. p. 319. Lam, III. t. 279. Nat. Ord. Ona- GRARi^ Jiiss. Night JVillow-hcrb.
* Cafisule elongated^ sessile.
1. (E. biennis L. : stem villous and scabrous; leaves ovate-lanceolate, flat, dentate ; flowers somewhat spiked ; sessile; stamens shorter than the corolla. Willd. Spec. II. p. 306. Eng. Bot. t, 1 534. M i c h. Fl. I. p. iJ24. Pursh F/. I. p. 261. Big. Bosi.p.'dQ. E 1 1 i o 1 1 Sk. \. p. Ul. Qron. Firg. 254. CEnothera. C o /rf. J^oveb. BG.
Root annual and biennial. Stem 3 — 5 feet high, terete, hairy, branched. Leaves alternate, distinctly toothed, very pubes- cent; those near the root on short petioles; the upper ones sessile. Flowers in a terminal leafy raceme or spike. Calyjc with a cylindi ical tube nearly 2 inches in length, coloured ; segments reflexed, and turned to one side, subulate at the tip, nearly one half the length of the tube, united in the middle, villous externally. Petals yellow, inserted into the calyx, obo- vate, or roundish, sometimes emarginate. StuTTiens nearly straight ; Jilaments capillary, inserted into the orifice of the calyx; anthers incumbent, linear, long, yellow. Style fili- form, longer than the corolla; stigma of 4 spreading segments; reflexed at the apex. Cafisule subcylindrical, an inch and a half long, splitting longitudinally into 4 valves, bearing the dissepiments down their middle. Seeds numerous, angular.
888 OCTANDRIA; MONOGYNIA. cenothera.
Hab.* In fields, along fences ; very common. June — October, I never could perceive that the flowers of this plant were luminous in the dark, as they are stated to be by Purs h.
2. CE. muricuta L. : stem purplish, mnricate ; leaves lanceolate, flat; stamens as long as the corolla. Willd. S/?ec. II. p. 807. Murr. Comm. Goet,W\.t \. Pursh FL 1. p. 261. Elliott Sk. I. p. 441.
Floivers smaller than in the preceding species. Ph. Hab. In okl fields and along fences. Near Troy, New-York. Eaton. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg.
3. CE. parvijlora L. : stem smooth, subvillose ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, flat ; stamens longer than the corolla. Will d. Spec. II. p. 306. Mill. icon. t. 1 09. f. 1 . Purs h Fl. I. p. 261.
Root biennial. Stem red, scabrous. Leaves repand-subdentate, rather soft. Segments of the ca!ya: one-fourth the length of the tube. Ca/isule crowned with an 8-cleft margin. Willd.
Hab. In fields and woods. Canada to Virginia. Pursh. In New-York . Mu hie tib er g. -f
This, to me, is an obscure species. In D onn' s Cata- logue it is said to be a native of South-America. QL. fiarviflora, of the Catalogue of New-York Plants, I am now convinced, is a variety of Qi. biennis.
4. CE. grandijlora Ait.: stem nearly smooth, branched; ovate-lanceolate, smooth ; stamens dcclinate. Ait. Kew. 11. p. 2. Wi lid. Spec. II. p. 306. Bot. Mag. 2068. P nrsh /v. I. p. 261. Elliott Sic. I. ^. AA'i. Bart. Fl. Am. Sept. II. t. 6.
Root biennial. Stem 3 — 3 feet high, terete, a little hairy, much branched above. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, subdentate, pubes- cent. Tube of the calijx very long ; segments of the border united, except at the base and apex, split by the expansion of the flower, and turned to one side. Corolla 2 — 3 inches in diameter, yellow ; petals roundish. S(a?nens shorter than the corolla, slightly declinate. Cafisiile subquadrangular, an inch and a half long, 4-toothed at the summit. Seeds angular.
Hab. In fields, and along the borders of woods. New-Jersey and Pennsylvania. July — August.
Is this more than a variety of Qi. biennis ?
5. CE. sinuata L.: stem diffuse, pubescent ; leaves oval- oblong, dentate-sinuate ; flowers axillary, villous ; capsule prismatic. Willd. Spec. II. p. 309. Murr. Comm. Gott. V. p. 44. t. 9. M ic h. Fl. I. p. 224. Pursh Fl. I. p. 261. Elliott Sk. I. p. 443-
^.minima Nutt,: stem humble, simple, l-flowered;
(EN-OTHERA. OCTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 389
leaves entire. J^utt. G'e?i. I. p. 245. QL. minima Pursh Fl. I. p. 262. t. 15.
Root annual. Stem simple, 1 — 3 inches high, 1 — 2-flowered. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, sessile, hairy, mostly entire. Flo7vers small, sessile, terminal. Petals obcordate, about as long as the segments of the calyx. Capsule linear, distinctly angular.
Hab. In New-Jersey ; not uncommon. Nu t tall.
Elliott and JVuttall botli agree in considering the CE.. minima oi Purs/i a mere variety of QL. sinuata, become dwarfish by growing in sandy soil.
* * Cafisule ventricosCf annulary mostly fiedicellate.
0. (Fj. fniticosa L. : somewhat villous; leaves linear- tanceolatc, subdcntale, acute; petals broad-obcordate ; cap- sules oblong-clavatc, pedicellate, quadrangular; raceme Tiaked below. Willd. Spec. 11. p. 310. Hot. jMag. 332. Pursh Fl. I. p. 262. Elliott Sk. I. p. 442. .K u 1 1. Gen. I. p. 247. IV a 1 1, Car. p. 129. Gro n. Virg. 42. Col d. J^oveb. 87.
Hoot perennial. Stem terete, afoot or 18 inches high, purplish, erect, branched from the base. Leaves sometimes oblong- lanceolate, punctate, (when held to the light,) remotely den- ticulate, i^/owfrs middle-sized, in a terminal raceme. Seg- ments of the calyjc lanceolate, acuminate, more or less united. Corolla pale yellow; /tetals nearly as broad as long. Stamens shorter than the corolla. Cafisule acutely quadrangidar, the angles almost winged, with the sides carinate, pubescent, ta- pering at the base into a distinct pedicel.
Hab. On the sides of hills, and along the borders of woods. June.
jS. amhigua K utt. : more or less pilose ; stem simple ; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, subdenticulale ; petals obcordate, longer than broad ; points of the calyx very short; capsules subsessile, always smooth, oblong, and 4-wing- ed ; raceme naked below. Null, 1. c.
Root perennial. Stem simple, or branched above, slender, a foot or more in height, nearly smooth, or sparsely pubescent. Leaves 2 and a half inches long, often ovate-lanceolate, re- motely and subrepandly denticulate, somewhat petiolate. Seg- ments of the calyx shorter than the tube, united. Petals pale yellow.
Hab. On hills and in dry woods. Staten-Island, New-York. Near Philadelphia. JVuttall. July. Apparently, as Mr. Xuttall remarks, a distinct species.
7. (E. incana N utt. : stem slender, erect ; leaves flat, hoary and tomentose, very entire, eliiptic-ovate, acute ; ra-
3»0 OCTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. ttNOTHERA.
ceme few-flowered, naked ; capsules subsessile, oblong and quadrangular. J\futt. Gen. I. p. 247.
Stem 6 — 8 inches high. Flowers bright yellow.
Hab. In dry woods. Maryland. Dr. IV. Bar t on. -f
I have specimens of an CEnothera in my Herbarium agree- ing exactly with Mr. Mutt all's description, but they ap- pear to be scarcely mere than a variety of (E./ruticosa.
8. (E. pumila L. : smooth; stenri ascending ; leaves Ian' ceolate, very entire, obtuse ; capsule subsessile, elliptical- obovate, angular. Willd. S.ppx. IK p. 310. Bot. Mag. 355. Mill, diet, i. \ZZ. P ur s h Fl. L p. 262. Big. Bost. p. 91. Elliott Sk. I. p. 444.
Moot perennial. S(em simple, oblique at the base, about a span high, terete, slightly hairy. Leaves about an inch long, lan- ceolate or linear-oblong, with a pubescent margin or midribs Flowers small, in a terminal raceme. Segments of the calyx lanceolate, nearly as long as the tube. Petals obcordate„ Stamens shorter than the corolla. Cafisule closely sessile, acutely quadrangular, with smaller intermediate angles
Hab. In dry fields ; rare near New-York. Near Boston, Big e low. Williamstown, Massachusetts. Dewey.
9. CE. chrysantha Mich.: stem slender, pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, rather obtuse, flat, entire ; segments of the calyx as long again as the tube ; capsule clavate, sessile, acutely angular. Mich. FL I. p. 225. Pursh FLl.^. £63. Elliott S/t. I. p. 444.
Stem about a foot high. Flowers small. Petals bright yellow.
Mich. Hab. On the mountains of Pennsylvania. Pur ah. Scarcely distinct from the preceding species.
10. (E. pusilla Mich*: subpubescent ; stem nearly simple ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, somewhat obtuse, entire ; flowers axillary at the summit; capsules sessile, clavate-tur- binate, almost equally 8-angled. Mich. Fl. 1. p. 225. P ur s h Fl. 1. p. 263. CE. canadensis G o I die in Edin. Phil. Jour. YI. p. 325?
Stem 4—6 inches high, erect. Cafisule appearing 8-angled, or deeply 8-sulcate by the prominent midrib on each side. Mi c h. Hab. On the high mountains of Pennsylvania. Pursh.
268. GAURA. L.
Calyx 4-cleft, tubular. Corolla 4-petallecl, ascend- ing. Nut quadrangular, 1-seeded. Gen. pi. 638
^AtRA, OCTANDRIA. MONOGYNiA. 391
Nutt. Gefu I. p. 249. /w J 5. p. 319. Lam. Ill t. CCLXXXI. Nat. Ord. Onagrari^ Juss. Ger^ mens 1 — 4-seeded ; seeds all, except one, abortive.
G. biennis L. : leave? lanceolate, dentate ; spikes crowd- ed ; fruit roundish, subquadrangular, pubescent. Willd. Spec. II. p. 311. Bot. Mas. 389. Mich, FL I. p. 226. P ursk Fl. \.p.'260. E U i o tt Sk, I.^. U6. Pluk. .imalth. t, 248. f, 2.
Stem a foot and a half or 2 feet high, erect, hairy, terete, gene- rally of a purplish colour. Leavts alternate, sessile, pale green, and minutely pubescent, acute at each extremity, re- motely and repandly dentate. Flowers numerous, sessile, in terminal spikes. Calyx coloured, deciduous ; segments linear, reflexed, longer than the tube. Corolla dark rose-coloured ; fieials inserted into the tube of the calyx near the summit, ascending towards the upper side, oblong, obtuse. Stamens shorter than the corolla ; Jilamcnts inserted into the tube of the calyx ; anthers linear-oblong, 2-celled, opening longitudi- nally. Style longer than the stamens ; stigma 4-lobed. J^'ut obtusely quadrangular, rarely perfecting more than one seed.
Hab. On the banks of rivers. Not uncommon on the Hudson, as low down as the Highlands. In Pennsylvania. Muh- lenberg. August.
269, EPILOBIUM» L.
Calyx 4-cleft, tubulous. Corolla 4-petaIIed. Cap- mile oblong, inferior. Seeds comose. Gen. pi. 639. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 249. Ju s s. p. 319. Lam. 111. t. 278. Nat. Ord. On a g r a r i j: /?/ 5 .s. Willoxv-herb.
1. E. spicalum Lam.: leaves scattered, lanceolate, veined, smooth ; flowers subspicate ; stamens dechned. Lam. Enc. II. p. 373. P ers. Syn. I. p. 409. jSf u 1 1. Gen. I. p, 250. E. angustifolium L. Willd. Spec. II. p. 313. Smith FL Brit. I. p. 409. Eng. Bot. t. 1947. M i c h. FL I. p. 223. Pursh FL I. p. 259. B ig. Bost. p. 90.
Root perennial. Stem 3 — 5 feet high, terete, smooth, branched, and purplish above. Lea-ves lanceolate or narrow-lanceolate, irregularly alternate, subglaucous beneatli, nearly sessile, acute ; margin remotely denticulate. Flowers large, in ter- minal spiked racemes, pedicillate. Calyx coloured, decidu- ous ; segments linear. Corolla bright purple, irregular; /le- taU obovate, emarginate. Stamens bent down ; ^/ilamcncs ca- pillary ; anthers oblong; pollen blue. Germcn linear, pur- plish-hoary ; style about as long as the stamens ; stigma 4-lobcd.
392 OCTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Ei-iLoiiiaM'.
Cafisule an inch or more in length, obtusely quadrangular,- Seeds crowned with a lung silky pappus, Hab. In swamps and in wet woods. On the Hudson above Al- bany. In the western and northern parts of the State of New- York ; abundant. Near Boston, Massachusetts. Bii^elont). In Pennsylvania. AIu hlenb erg. August.
2. E. coloratum M u h I. : stem terete, pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, senuhite, petiolate, opposite, smooth, with co- loured veins ; the upper ones alternate. Willd. Enum. Horl. BeroL p. 411. Pursh Fl. I. p. 261. Big. BosL p. 90. E. novcboracense. Cold. J^ov. 88.
Hooi perennial. Stem 3 — 4 feet high, much branched, more or less softly pubescent ; the upper branches slightly marked by 4 decurrent lines from the base of the petioles. Leaves mostly opposite, on very short petioles, obtuse at the base, smooth, marked with numerous linear punctures, (seen under a lens); veins beneath of a reddish colour; margin dentate-serrulate. Flowers small, axillary towards the extremity of the branches, alternate, pedicellate. Segments of the calyx lanceolate, acute. Corolla purple; segments roundish, emarginate. Stamejis nn~ equal, shorter than the corolla ; anthers oblong. Style scarcely exserted ; stigma entire. Cafisule very narrow, 2 — 3 inches long. Seeds oblong, sulcate.
Hab. In wet meadows and swamps. July— August.
Allied to E. tetragonum, but differing in the round stem, Sec.
3. E. rosmarinifolium Ph. : stem terete, pubescent, branching above ; leaves linear, very entire ; those on the stem opposite ; on the branches alternate ; flowers peduncu- late ; petals bifid; stigma entire. Pursh Fl. I. p. 259. E. lineare M uhl- Cat. p. 39. E. squamatum J^ ut t. Gen, I. p. 250. E. oliganthum Mich, Fl. I. p. 22.} ?
Hoot bulbous and scaly. Stem 1 — 2 feet high, slender, simple below, but generally with a few erect branches above. Leaves numerous, 1 — 2 inches long, scarcely one line broad, slightly pubescent, with linear punctures. Flowers few, axillary, very small, Ca/j/x about half as long as the corolla; segments lanceolate. Corolla pale purple ; jietals obcordate. Stamens unequal, not exserted. Stigma clavate, very entire. Capsule linear, about 2 inches long.
Hab. In swamps; rare. In the cedar swamp, near New-Dur- ham, New- Jersey, See. August.
Mu tt all has changed P urs h' s name of this species^ because there is a species so called by H<e nke, but the lat- ter is only a synonym of E. angicstissimum of Alton and Wi lldenow, and others. Our plant may be the E. oligan* ilium, of M i c h a u X, which, however, is too imperfectly de- scribed to decide on with certainty.
EPiLOBiuM. OCTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 39s
4. E. mollt^ : densely and softly pubescent; stem te- rete ; leaves oblong-linear, sessile, very entire ; the lower ones opposite; upper ones altrrnate ; flowers pedicellate, subterminal, regular; petals 2-lobed ; stigma entire.
Stem about a foot and a half high, erect, branched above, covered, as well as the leaves, with a dense, almost silky pubescence. Leaves numerous, about an inch long, 1 —2 lines broad, rather obtuse, not punctate. Flowers small, on long ped>ii»cles. Segments of the calyx oblong-lanceolate. Corolla pale pur- ple or rose-coloured ; fietals deeply emarginate, as long again as the calyx. Stamens unequal. Scignia large, thick.
Hab. Near Schenectady, New- York. L.C.Beck. August. This species resembles the preceding, but is easily distin- guished by its soft dense pubescence, broader leaves, and more robust erect habit. It may po-isibly be the E. strictum of Muhlenberg' s Catalogue, p. r>9, of which, no descrip- tion has been published to my knowledge.
270. OXYCOCCUS. Per so on.
Calyx superior, 4-toothecl. Corolla 4- parted; seg- ments sublinear, revolute. Filaments connivent; an- thers tubulous, 2-parted. Berry many-seeded. P er s» Syn. I. p. 4>19. JVutt. Gen. L p. 250. Vaccinii spp. L.y &c. La7n. III. t. 286. f. 3, 4. Nat. Ord. Erice^e Juss. Vaccines De Cand. Creep- ing evergreens. Cranberry*
1. O. macrocarpiis Ph.: creeping; branches ascending; leaves oblong, nearly flat, obtuse, with distant obsolete ser- ratures, glaucous beneath ; pedicels elongated ; segments of the corolla linear-lanceolate. P ur-s h FL I. p. 263. X u 1 1, Gen, I. p. 250. B a rl, FL Amer. Sept. I. t. 17. O. vtil- garis ^. macrocarpus Pers. Si/n, \. p. 419. V. macrocar' ponAit. Kew. II. p. 13. t. 7. Willd. Spec. 11. p. 355. Big. Bost. ^. 92. V. Oxycoccus /3. ohlongifoliwi Mich. FL I. p. 228. fVang. Amer, t. 30, f. 67. Plu k. Aim. t. 326. f. 6.
Stem prostrate, filiform, creeping, often a yard or more in length, throwing up short erect branches. Leaves alternate, ovruand oblong-oval, about half an inch long, very obtuse, on short pe- tioles, slightly revolute on the margin, whitish beneath ; the younger ones pubescent at the tip. Pedicels arising from the base of the vernal upright branches, 1-flowered, an incli or more in length, erect, hispidulous, with 2 ovate, acuminate bracts above the middle. Flowers cernuous. Calyx very short, persistent ; teeth acute. Corolla pale red ; segment» 50
394 OCTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. ox^coccu?*
narrow-lanceolate, acute, rcYolute. Stamens inserted into the base of the corolla ; JUaments \ery short ; anthers long, linear, 2-celled, 2-parted to the middle; each division tubular, and perforate at the extremity. Style about as long as the sta- mens; s«5-w2c simplfe. Bfri^i/ 4-celled, large, bright scarlet, persistent during part of the winter. Seeds minute, numerous, attached to central receptacles, Hab. Sphagnous swamps ; generally on sandy soil. Abundant in New-Jersey. Juhe. Common Cranberry.
There is a variety, with oval acute revolute leaves, growing in the cedar swamp near New- Durham, New- Jersey. It agrees with Michaux's V. Oxycoccus ec. ovali/olius, ex- cept in the flowers, which I have not seen.
2.0. vulgaris Pers.: leaves ovate, entire, revolute; segments of the corolla oval ; stem filKorm, creeping, naked, Per5. %?. 1. p. 419. P w r 5 /i F/. I. p, 263. Y.Oxy coc- cus L. Vf Hid. Spec. II. p. 354. Srhilh Fl. Bril. I. p, 416. t. 41ti. Eng. Bot. t. 319. V. Oxycoccus ». ovalifolius M i c h. Fl. I. p. 228 ?
Hab. In mossy bogs, on mountains. Canadg to Pennsylvania. Pursh. In New-York. Muhlenberg.
Emofiean Cranberry. This species I have not seen, unless it be the variety men- tioned above.
271. MENZIESIA. Smith,
Calyx 1 -leaved. Corolla monopetalous, ovate. Fila- ments inserted into the receptacle ; anthers awnless. Capsule superior, 4-celled; dissepiinents formed by the inflexed margins of the valves. Seeds numerous, ob- long. Smith icon. ined. 56. Pers. Syn. I. p. 419. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 251. Lam. ///. t. 285.' Nat. Ord. Eric EyE Juss. Corolla 4 — 5-cleft; sta- mens 8 — 10.
1. M. ccerulea Swart z: leaves scattered, crowded, linear, toothed; pedicels terminal, aggregate, 1 -flowered; flowers canipanulate,decandrous ; calyx very acute. Sw art z in Lm. TrariH. X. p. 377. t. 30. f. 1. Eng. Bot, t. 2469. Pursh FL I. p. 265. Erica ccerulea Willd. Spec. II. p. 393. Andromeda carulea L. Sp. pi. 563. M u h I. Cat. p. 44. A. taxifolia Pallas FL Ross. II. p. 64. t. 72. f. 2. Phylladoce taxifolia S a list, in Parad. Loud. 36.
A small evergreen shrub. Stem branched, woody below. Leaves approximate, coriaceous, about one-third cf an inch long, spreading, obtuse, very smooth, except on the midrib, which is
sjENziEsiA. OCTANDRTA. MONOGYNIA. 395
• pubescent; margin with minute cartilaginous teeth. Pedun- cles erect, red, an inch or more in Ieni>th, i<landular. Flowers large, purple. Calyx S-parted ; segments lanceolate, rather obtuse. Corolla urceolate ; border 5-toothed. Stamens in- cluded. Style persistent, a little curved ; stii^ma somewhat 5-lobed. Hab. On'the White Hills of New-Hampshire. July. Peck and Big e low.
This is also a native of the northern parts and high moun- tains of Europe. I have a specimen from Greenland, in every respect resembling one from New-Hampshire, sent to me by Dr. Big e low.
2. M. glohularis S alish. : leaves lanceolate, glaucous Tiieneath, except the nerves, pubescent ; calyx 4-cleft ; flowers globose, octandrous. Sa I i s b. m Parad. Land. 44. P ur s h Fl. I. p. 264. Muhl. Cat, p. 40. Elliott Sk. \. p. 447. M. ferruginea 13. Bot, Mag. 1571. M. Smxthii M i c h. Ft, 1. p. 235. M. pitosa P ers, Sjti, I. p. 420.^ AzaleA pilosa Lam. III. p. 494.
, Not above 4 feet high. Flowers yellowish-brown. PJi. JI^B. In Pennsylvania. June. Muhlenberg. This species I have never seen.
272. ACER. L.
Flowers mostly polygamous. Cali/x 5-cleft. P^^ tals 5 or 0. Samara 2, winged, united at the base, by abortion 1-seeded. Gen.pL 1590. Nutt. Gen. I. 252. Ju s s. p. 251. Lam. IlL t. 844. Nat. Ord. AcERACE^ Jiiss. Maple,
1 . A. ruhrum L. : leaves palmately about 5-lobed, cor- date at the base, unequally and incisely toothed, glaucous be- beneath ; the sinuses acute ; flowers aggregated in about flves, on rather long pedicels ; germens glabrous. W illd. Spec. IV. po 934. M i c h. FL II. p. 253. Mich. fil. Arh, II. p. 210. t, 14. ^ Mrs A F/. I. p. 265. Big.Bost.p. 247. Elliott Sk. I. p. 449. Mutt. Gen. I. p. 252. Catesb, Car. I. t. 62. P I u Ic. Aim. 7. t. 2. f. 4.
A large tree, with smooth clouded bark ; wood close grained, hard. Leaves opposite, on long petioles, with about 5 acute lobes spreading in a palmate manner, when young pubescent beneath, but at length smooth and glaucous, except on the nerves. Flowers appearing before the leaves, mostly in sessile umbels or fascicles of about 5, surrounded by a gemmaceous mvolucrum. Perfect: Pediceli lengthening as the fruit
396 OCTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA, acer.
ripens, when they are 2 — 3 inches long. Calyx coloured, peta- loid, smooth, 5-cleft ; segments oblong, obtuse. Petals 3 — 6, red, ovate, obtuse, longer than the calyx. Stamens 5 — 6, about as long as the corolla, with a globular nectary at the base ; cw- thers red. Germen 2-lobed ; stigmas long, recurved, pubes- cent. Fruit with 2 long membranaceous wings, which are very slightly arcuate. Staminiferous : Pedicels about one- fourth of an inch long. Segments of the ca/z/x oblong-spathu- late, red, smooth. Petals linear-oblong. Filaments 6, three times as long as the calyx, with a hemispherical nectary at the base of each. Hab. In moist woods; common. April. Red or Swamfi Maple.
2. A. dasycarpum Ehrk.: leaves palmately 5-lobed; truncate at the base, inciscly toothed, smooth aqd whitish- glaucous beneath; sinuses obtuse ; pedicels short; germens tomcntose. IV Hid. Spec. IV. p. 485. Purs h Fl. I. p* 266. Elliott Sk. I. p. 4i9. JVm H. Gen. I. p. 251. A. eriocarpum M i c h, 'Fl. 11. p. 253. Mich. Jil. Arh. II. p. 205. t. 13,
A large tree. Trunk low, with \*ery numerous divergent branches. Leaves on very long petioles, divided below the middle into 5 lobes, at first pubescent, but at length smooth, and almost white beneath ; the spaces between the incisions rounded at the base. Flowers polygamous, aggregated in fives, greenish-yellow ; fiedicels scarcely more than 2 lines long. Perfect: Ca/j/jr membranaceous, obscurely 5 — 7-tooth- cd. Petals 0. Stamens 3 — 6, very short, without glands at the base. Germen white, tomentose, 4-seeded ; 2 of the seeds abortive ; styles 2, distinct ; stigmas linear, glandular recurv- ed. Fruit with large wings, dilated towards the extremity.
Hab. On the banks of rivers. Staten-Island, New-York. Cooper. Dcerfield, Massachusetts. Cooley and Hitch- cock. April. White or Soft Maple. Sandy River, Maine, according to the younger Mic haux. is the most northern limit of this tree. The sap yields a good sugar, but in smaller quantity than in A. saccharinum.
Z. k. harhatum M i c h. : leaves ovate-cordate, with 3 short lobes, unequally serrate, glaucous beneath and pubes- cent on the nerves; peduncles hairy; those of the staminiferous flowers branched; of the pistilliferous simple; wings of the samaras erect. Mich. Fl. II. p. 252. Willd. Spet:. IV. p. 989, Pursh Fl.l.p. 2GQ. E Ilio tt Sk. I. i^. A5\.
A small tree. Leaves small. Flowers pale green, polygamous, Ca/y .r densely bearded within. Mich, and Ph.
Hab. In deep pine and cedar swamps. New-Jersey to Caro- lina, Pur s h. +
4- A. saccharinum L. : leaves palmately 5-lobed, sub-
kCER. OCTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 397
cordate at the base, acuminate, glaucous beneath ; peduncles corymbose, nodding. W iJ Id. Spec. \Y. p. 9S5. Mich. Fl. II. p. 25i'. M i c h. fil. Arb. II. p. 218. t. 15. Pnrsh Fl. I. p. 2^6. B ig. iiosl. p. 247. Elliott Sk. I. p. 450. Wang. Jmer. 36. t. 11. f. 26. Cold. Novel. 85.
A large tree, often 2 feet or more in diameter, with a smooth whitish bark, and compact wood. Lea-ves on long petioles, truncate and a little cordate at the base; lobes acuminate, each wiili several large teeth; sinuses rounded. Flowers on filiform, very long pilose peduncles, yellowish. Fruit tur- gid, with 2 long narrow wings.
Hab. In woods. April. Sugar or Rock Mafile.
An exceedingly valuable tree, both for its timber and the sugar obtained from its sap.
b. A. nigrum M i c h. f. : leaves palmately 5-lobed, cor- date, with the sinus closed ; lobes divaricate, sinuate-subden- tate, pubescent beneath ; flowers corjmbed ; samara? turbid, subglobose. M i c h. f. A,b. II. p. 238. t. 1 6. Pu r s h ^Fl. J. p. 266. Elliott Sk.h ^.A50.
A large tree. Leaves large, dark green, 5-lobed, with the 2 in- ferior lobes much smaller. Flowers on long slender pendu- lous pedicels, yellowish, apetalous. Fruit with long pale yel- low wings.
Hab. In mountainous regions. Near Windsor, on the Connec- ticut River, Vermont, its north-eastern limit. Mic hau x f. On the Fishkill Mountains, New-York. In the western parts of the State of New-York; abundant, &c. April.
Black Sugar Mafile. — Sugar-tree. This tree yields sugar like A. sacc/iarinum, from which it differs very little.
6. A. pennsyhanicum L.: leaves with 3 acuminate lobes, rounded at the base, acutely dentate, smooth; racemes sim- ple, pendulous. fVilld. Spec. \Y.p.9Bd. Mich. FL II. p. 252. E lliot t Sk.\. p, 451. A. striatum Du Roi harhk.l.p.B.i.\' Lam- Enc. II. p. 317. Wang. Jimer, 29. t. 1 2. f. 2. P ers. Syn. I. p. 4 1 7. M i c h. f. Arb. II. p. 242. t. 17. Pur sh FL 1. p. 267. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 253.
A shrub seldom exceeding 10 feet in height ; bark green, marked witii black stripes. Leaves nearly as broad as long, rounded and slightly cordate at the base, 3-lobed above; the lobes much acuminate. Racemes terminating the extremity of the young branches, 10 — I4-flowered; Jioivers greenish-yellow. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, oblong, obtuse. Stamens 8 ; anthers pale yellow. Wings of \.he fruit arcuate, moderately spreading.
Hab. In shaded rocky situations on moimtaini. New-England
S98 OCTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. acer,
to Carolina. It is rare near the sea-coast, and is not found on the Hudson below the Highlands. May.
Moons-wood. — Strified Maple.
7. A. rnontanum -^i t. : leaves somewhat 5-lobed, acute, dentate, pubescent beneath ; racemes compound, erect. Alt. KeioAW.^. ^Z5. /r^Hf?. S/;ec. IV. p. 988. Mich, i^/. II. p. 253. Pwr5/i F/. 1. p. 267. E 1 1 i o 1 1 Sk. \. ^. 452. A. pennsylvanicwn Du Roi harbk. I. p. 22. t. 1. Wang. A.ner. t. 12. L 30.
A shrub 6 — 10 feet hisjh. Leaves small, cordate at the bascj somewhat rugose, 5-lobcd, with the inferior lobes indistinct ; teeth acuminate. Racemes numerous, terminal, more or less compound, always erect. Flowers small, greenish. Cqlyx 5-cleft; segments oblong. Pe^c/s 5, linear-oblong. Stamens
8. Styles 2, spreading. Fruit small ; wings arcuate, dilated. Hab. On mountains; not uncommon. New-England to Caro- lina. May.
\ Flowers dioecious. Calyx minute^ 5-toof/ied- Petals 0. Sta- mens 5 ,- anthers linear, sessile, acuminate. Samara as in Acer. — Negundium R af.
8. A. Negxindo L. : leaves pinnate and ternate, unequally serrate. Wi 1 1 d. Spec. IV. p. 992. Mi c h. Fl. H. p. 253. Mich.f. Arb, II p. 247. t. 18. Pursh Fl. I. p. 268. Gron, Virg. 154. Wang. Amer. 30. t. 12. f. 29. Pluk, Aim. t. 123. f. 45. Negundo Jraxinifolium JSf u 1 1. Gen. I. p. 253.
A large tree, with spreading irregular branches. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5 — 7, sometimes ternate, ovate, acuminate, pn short pe- tioles, with a Few coarse remote teeth. Racemes pendulous, simple, 8 — 10 flowered ; pedicels filiform, an inch or more in length. Flowers greenish, with oblong-obovate, somewhat connivent wings.
Hab. On the banks of rivers. Pennsylvania. Mu hlenber g. April. Box-Elder. — 4ah-leaved Mafile.
This species differs considerably in habit from the preced- ing, and has, by several Botanists, been proposed as a distinct genus. The fruit, however, is exactly that of Acer.
273. DIRCA. L,
Calyx 0. Coro//a tubular ; border obsolete. Sta- ?nens unequal, exsertedo Berry 1-seeded. Gen. pi. 665. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 253. J u s s. p. 77. Lam. III. t, 293. Nat. Ord. Th ym e l e^ Ju s s.
Leather-wood.
BiRCA* OCTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 399
D. palustris L. Wi 1 1 d. Spec. II. p. 424. Bot. Reg, 292. M i c h. Fl. I. p. 236. Pursh Fl. I. p. 268. £ I- iiott Sk. I. p. 448. Big. Med. Bot, II. p. 154. t. 37» Walt. Car. p. 131. .4moeiu Acad. W . ■^. 12, t. l.f. 7. Duham. Arb. I. p. 2I2<,
A shrub about 2 feet high, with exceedingly tough and flexible branches, and a yellowish bark. Leaves alternate, ovate, pale green, on long petioles, very entire, obtuse. Buds 3-flowered, densely villous. Flowers appearing before the leaves. Corolla about half an inch long, yellew ; border irregularly toothed. Stamens 8 ; filaments capillary, inserted into the tube of the Corolla about half way down ; anthers oblong, erect, 2-celled. Style filiform ; stigma sessile. Berry ovate, about the size of a pepper-corn, yellowish when ripe. Seed solitary, large, com- pressed.
Hab. In shady woods, especially about the base of mountains, April.
274, JEFFEKSONIA. Barton. Calyx 5-leaved, coloured, deciduous. Corolla 8-petallcd, incurvately spreading. Stamens inserted on the receptacle. Capsule obovatc, substipitate, 1 -celled, coriaceous, opening below the summit by a semicircu- lar foramen. Seeds numerous, oblong, arillate at the base. Bart, in Amer. Phil. Trans. III. p. 328. cum icone. Podophylli sp. L. Nat. Ord. Papave-
'RACEJE. JuSS. (NutUj RANUNCULACEiE fCoV-
r ea.J
J. diphylla Bart. I.e. Pursh Fl. I. p. 268. Muhl, Cat. p. 40. Bot. Mag. 1513. J. Bartoni M ich. Fl. I. p. 237. Podophyllum diphyllum L. JVilld. Spec, II. p. 1141.
Root perennial. Leaf radical, binate, on a long naked footstalk ; leaflets 4—6 inches long, and about 2 broad, truncate at the base, on short petioles, smooth, glaucous beneath ; margin un- dulate, with several large obtuse teeth towards the extremity. Scafie about a foot long, naked, terete, smooth, bearing a single large terminal flower. Calyx sometimes 3 — 4-leaved ; leaflets lanceolate. P^ra/s white, lanceolate, a little longerthanthe calyx, spreading, and somewhat incurved. Stamens much shorter than the corolla; anthers oblong. Gerrnen obovate; style short; s^z^ma peltate, crenate. Ca/2s;i^f' subturbinate, oblique, coriaceous, on a thick pedicel about 2 lines long, which is arti- culated to the scape, opening with a semicircular foramen below the summit, and thus appearing operculate. Seeds numerous, attached to a longitudinal line on the back of the capsule,
Hab. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenb e rg.
400 OCTANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. polygonum,
ORDER II. TRIGYNIA,
275. POLYGONUM. L.
Perianth 5-parted, petaloid, inferior. Nut l-seeded, mostly angular. Gen. pi. 677. Nu 1 1. Gen, I. p^ 254. Juss. p. 82. La7n. III. t. 315. Nat. Ord» PoLYGONEiE Juss. StamcHS 5 — 8; styles 2' — 3; leaves ochrtate at the base, Persicaria, Knot-weed, &c,
* Flowers axillary,
1. P. aviculare L. : stamens 8 ; styles 3 ; leaves lanceo- late, scabrous o:i the margin; nerves of the stipules distant^ stem procumbent, herbaceous, fV il I d. »S]pec. II. p. '149. Smith Fl. Brit. i. p. 429. Eng. Bot. t. 1252. M i c h. Fh J. p. 237. Pursh FL I. p. 2G9. B i ^. Bost. p. 93. Elliott Sk. I. p. 453, Wa 1 1. Car. p. 132.
Root fibrous, subligneous, tenacious, annual. Stem much branch- ed, spreading flat on the gi ound, stiiate. Leaves more or less lanceolate, or obovate, attenuate at tlie base. Stipules sheath- ing, scarious, marked with several remote nerves. Flowers 2 — 3 in tjie axil of each leaf, nearly sessile, very small. Feri- anth white, tinged with red and green ; segments connivent. Stamens shorter than the perianth. Styles very short. Seed triquetrous, dark brown, minutely striate.
Hab. In pastures and cultivated grounds, on road sides, &c. ; very common. May — October. Knot-grass.
i3. latifolium M i c h. : leaves broadly-oval, obtuse ; stem mostly erect. Mich. FL I. p. 237. Pursh FL I. p« 269. P. erectum L, W illd. Spec. II. p. 450.
Stem 3 — 6 inches high, sometimes procumbent. Leaves much
broader than in the preceding variety. Hab. With the preceding, but more commonly in damp or
shady places.
2. P. glaucum JV m N. : flowers octandrous : styles 3 ; leaves lanceolate, thick and glaucous, revolute on the mar- <^in ; stipules lacerate : pedicels exserted ; stem diffuse, pros*
POLYGONUM. OCTANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. 401
trate ; seed acutely triangular, smooth and shining. J^ ut t. Gen. I. p. 254. P. marinum Pursk FL I. p. 269. P. maritimum Elliott Sk. I. p. 453. W marilimum, floribus carneis speciosis. Clayt. Virg, 4d7,
Root annual ? Stem procumbent and much branched, a foot and a half or more in length, hard, and somewhat ligneous towards the base, glaucous. Leaves lanceolate or elliptical, thick and succulent, about three-fourths of an inch long, narrowed at the base. Siifiules large and conspicuous, much lacerate, with numerous nerves. Flowers twice as large as in P. avicutare^ 3 — 4 from each stipule, on pedicels 2 — 3 lines long. Perianth white or pale rose-colour; segments ovate, obtuse. Stamens included ; filaments very short, unequal, much dilated at the base ; anthers roundish, red. Styles distinct ; stigmas capi- tate. A''ut acuminate, very smooth and eveu, shining.
Hab. On the sandy beach of Long-Island and New-Jersey. August.
I suspect this to be P. aviculare e. Smith FL Brit. I. p. 429, a variety growing on the sea-shore of Great-Britain, al- tered by its maritime situation. It can hardly be P. maritimum of Linn a u s^ a native of the shores of the Mediterranean, lor that species is frutescent and evergreen, while our plant appears to be decidedly annual.
3,V,tenueMich.: stem slender, erect, branched, acutely angular ; flowers alternate, subsolitary ; leaves linear, acuminate, straight ; stipules tubular, lacerate, with the seg- ments finely attenuate at the extremity. M i c h. FL I. p. 238. Pursh FL 1. p. 270. Elliott Sk. I. p. 454. P. linifolium M uh L Cat. p. 41.
Root annual. Stem 6 — 10 inches high, often simple, but gene- rally more or less branched, with acute scabrous angles. Leaves about an inch long, cuspidate, 3-nerved, cihate-serru- late on the margin. Sti/iules tubulous and entire below, di- vided above into several segments, which are setaceously acu- minate. Flowers solitary and by pairs, on very short pedicels. Segments oi ihe /lerianlh oblong, obtuse. Stamens ^ ; fila- ments short, dilated at the base. Styles 3. JSTut acutely tri- angular, smooth and shining, black.
Hab! On rocks and in sandy fields. July — September.
* * Flowers spiked.
t Spike solitary^ terminal ; stamens 9 ; itigmai 2 ; nut
triangular. Bistorta.
4, P. viviparum L. : stem simple ; spike linear, solitary; leaves linear-lanceolate, revolute on the margin ; the lower ones elliptical, petiolate. Will d. Spec. U. ip. ^U. Smith FL Brit. 1. p. 428. Ejig. Bot. t. 669.
Iio»t perennial. Stem about 6 inches high, erect, quite simple, 51
402 OCTANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. roLYcfoNui^,
smooth. Leaves an inch or more in length, Gonspicuously re- volute on the margin, with a prominent midrib. Stifiules tubu* lar, smooth, entire, obtuse. Spike about an inch and a half long, linear; the lower part, and somelimi^s the whole, bearing small red bulbs instead of flowers. Perianth pale red, with obtuse segments. Hab. On the White Hills of New-Hampshire. August. Bo get. In a specimen of this plant from this locality, for which I am: indebted to Dr. Big e low, the spike is almost entirely bul- biferous, there being scarcely a perfect flower upon it. It is by these viviparous bulbs that the plant generally propagates itself, for it seldom produces perfect seeds.
i t Sfiikes axillary or lermitral ; stamens 5—8 ; stigmas mostly 2 j; nut ovate. Persicaria.
5. P. punclahim Ell: flowers octandrous, glandular- punctate; st>les 3-parted; stipules slightly hairy, ciliate' ; spike filiform', at first ccrnnous •, leaves lanceolate, with pel- lucid punctures ; scabrous on the margin and midrib. E I- Holt Sk. I. p. 455. P. Hydropiper M i c h. FL I. p. 238. Big. Bost. p. 93. P. Fly dropiper aides Pursh Fl. I, p. 270. Persicaria foliis salicis, acris. Cold. J^oveb. 39^
Root perennial, creeping. Stem a foot atid a half or 2 feet high, slender, more or less branched, sometimes decumbent at the base. Zfax-e* lanceolate, ornarrow-lanceolate, acute, smooth, or very slightly hairy, marked with minute diaphanous punc- tures. Sti/iiUcs tubular, truncate, the summit fringed with hairs, not more than half the length of the tube. Spikes axillary and terminal, few-flowered, weak, and nodding when young, but at length becoming erect. Flowers on pedicels shorter than the perianth, 1—3 proceeding from each stipule of the spike. Perianth covered with small glandular dots, white ; segments obtuse. Stamens generally 8, sometimes 7, Style deeply 3 -cleft ; stigmas capitate, ^/'ut sublenticular, acuminate, black and shining.
Hab. In ditches and low places, or where it is occasionally overflowed ; rarely in dry situations. August — October.
This species strongly resembles P. Hydropipcr of Europe, and, like that plant, is very acrid. It differs in the number of stamens and styles, but still may be only a variety.
6. P. mile P ers.: flowers octandrous, somewhat crowd- ed ; styles 3-parted; leaves narrow-lanceolate, somewhat hairy stipules hairy, with long ciliae.. Pers. Syn. I. p. 446. Pursh Fl. I. p. 270. Elliott S/t. I. p. 4.^6. P. Hydropiperoides Mich. Fl. I. p. 239. P. barbatum Walt. Car. p. 131. Muhl. Ca^ p. 41?
Root perennial, creeping. Stem assurgent, a foot and a half high* a little branched towards the summit. Leaves suVscssilc^
vuLvaoNUM. OCTANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. 403
aomewhat acuminate, with short appressed hairs on the lower surface, very scabrous on the upper. Sd/irdes tubular, very hairy, truncate, fringed at ihe top with hairs as long as the tube. Sfiikea 2 — 5, erect, linear, but rather crowded. Flowers mostly by threes, with ciliate bracts at the base of the pedicels. Perianth pale red or white, ovate, not punctate. JVut triquetrous, brown, smooth and shining. Hab. In swamps and along the borders of ponds. August- September.
7. P, virginiannm L. : flowers 4-cleft, unequal, remotet pentandroiis ; styles 2 ; spike very long, virgate ; leaves oval- fanceolate. Will d. Spec. U. p. U2. Mich. FL I. p. 238. P Mrs A F/. I. p. 270. E I Hot t S/c. \, i>. 45i. P. Bistorta Wait. Car. p. ISl.-* Persicaria florum stamini- bus quinis, &;c. Gron, Virg, A3,
Root perennial. Suem 2 — 4 feet high, erect, simple, angular, pubescent above. Leaves large, on short petioles, acuminate, nearly smooth ; margin scabrous-ciliate. Stifiules very hairy, truncate, ciliate. Sfake someiiines a foot and a half long, very slender, naked. Flowers subsolitary, remote, a little recurved. Perianth unequally 4-cleft, white. Siamens unequal. Stylea 2, much exserted, spreading, and often deflexed, involute at the summit, persistent; stigma simple, minute. Mit ovate, acute, cojnpressed.
Hab. In shady woods and hedges. August — September.
A singular species, which differs in several respects from the rest of thia genus, but not sufficiently to constitute a new one.
8. P. amphibium L. : flowers pentandrous ; styles bifid ; spike oblong or ovate ; leaves petiolate, oblong or lanceolate, subcordate. JVil Id. Spec. II. p, 443, Smi t h Fl. Brit, I. p. 423. Eng. Bol. t. 436. Mich. Fl. f. p. 240. P. coccineum W Hid. Enum. Hort. Berol. I. p. 429. P ur sh PL I. p. 271.
«. lerrestre : stem nearly erect ; leaves oblong-lanceo- liite, often cordate at the base,sn)ooth above, slightly pubes- cent beneath ; spike ovate-oblong. P. amphibium /3. emersum Mich. i^/. I. p. 240.
Hoot perennial, creeping. Stem assurgent, rooting at the lower joints, about 8 inches high. Leaves 4 — 6 inches long, and one or more broad, generally smooth, or with the under sur- i"ace sprinkled with hairs, somewhat scabrouo on the margin ; petioles an inch in length. Stifiules naked. Sfiifre mostly Solitary, terminal, dense, about an inch long. Perianth bright rose-colour; segments obtuse, spreading. Sta7nens nnequa], a little exserted; Jilaments dilated. Style deeply 2-clcft ; stigmas minute, simple. Aaf ovate, compressed, dark brown.
404 OCTANDRiA. TRIGYNIA. polygonum,
Hab. On the borders of ponds and lakes. Near New-York ; rare. Ipswich, &c. Massachusetts. Oakes. Near Albany, N. Y. L. C. Beck. In the Highlands of N. Y. Bar- ratt, &c.
The P. am/iMbium of this country is considered as a dis- tinct species from the European plant by Wi 1 1 d e n o w, and some other authors ; but I am unable to discover any essential difference between them, except that in the latter the leaves (of the var. a.) are scabrous.
/3. aquaticum : leaves floating, ovate-lanceolate ; spike cylindrical-oblong. Hook. Fl. Scot, part I. p. 121. P. amphibium a. natans M i c h. Fl. I. p. 240. P. natans E a- 1 0 n Man. Bat. ed. 3. p. 400.
Stem 3 — 10 feet long, branched, spreading on the surface of the water. Leaves petiolate, about 3 inches long, rather obtuse, not cordate at the base, very smootli above and beneath ; mar- gin pilosely ciliate. Sjiike solitary, terminal, emersed, an inch and a half long.
Hab. Floating in lakes and ponds. Canaan, Columbia county, New- York. Eaton. Danvers, Massachusetts. Oakes. August.
This can hardly be considered a distinct species, as it is sometimes found passing into the variety «. The European plant appears to be identical with our's.
9. P. pennsylvanicum L. : flowers octandrous ; style 2-cleft ; spike oblong, crowded ; peduncles hispid j leaves lanceolate, slightly hairy ; stipules smooth and naked. Willd, Spec. l\. p.4iS. Jl/i c^. F/. I. p. 240. Pursh FL 1. p. 271. Elliott Sk. I. p. 437. JValt. Car. p, 132. Boot annual. Stem 2 — 4 feet high, geniculate, with tumid joints, branched, smooth. Leaves petiolate, often broad-lan- ceolate, pale green, with scattered appressed hairs, particularly on the margin, punctate beneath, under a lens. Stifiules trun- cate. Sfiikes terminal, subpaniculate ; the peduncles glandu- larly hispid. Perianth rose-colour, large. J\rut broad-ovate, compressed, black, smooth and shining. Hab, On the banks of ditches and the borders of fields. July-- October.
10. P. lapathifolium L. : flowers hexandrous ; styles 2 ;
spikes oblong, rather crowded, erect ; peduncles scabrous ;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, on short petioles, hoary. W ill d.
Spec. II. p. 442. Sm i I h FL Brit. I, p. 425. Eng. Bat. U
1382. P. incarnatum Elliott Sk. 1. p. 456.
Foot annual. Stem ?.— 4 feet high, geniculate, smooth. Leaves large, pale green, often hoary beneath, scabrous on the mar- gin. Sfiikes numerous, somewhat paniculate ; fieduncles glan- dularly scabrous, not hispid. Flowers smaller than in the pre-
POLYGONUM. OCTANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. 405
ceding species. Perianth white or pale red. Styles slightly exserted. A''ut broad-ovate, compressed, obscurely triangular. Hab. Along ditches and in swamps ; rare. August.
11. P. Persicaria L.: flowers hexandrous ; styles bifid; spikes ovate-oblong, erect ; peduncles smooth ; leaves lanceo- late ; stipules smooth, ciliate. W ill d. Spec, II. p. 446. Smith Fl. Brit. I. p. 424. Eng. Bot. i. 736. M i c h. Fl. I. p. 239. P M r s A F/. I. p. 27 1 . B i g. Bost. p. 94. Persicaria mitis vulgaris, &;c. Cold. JN'oveb. 91.
Root annual. Stem erect, branched, I — 2 feet high, smooth, often of a reddish colour. Leaves on very short petioles, smooth, the upper surface often marked with a dark coloured binate spot. Sfiikes terminal, dense. Flowers rose-colour. A''ut compressed, triangular.
Hab. In low grounds and along ditches ; very common.
Black-heart. — Ladies' -thumb.
12. P. orientale L. : flo^yers heptandrous, digynous ; leaves ovate ; stem erect ; stipules hairy, hypocrateriform. Wind. Spec. II. p. 448. Bot. Mag. 213. Pursh FL L p. 272. Elliott Sk.L^, 251.
Root annual. Stem 3 — 5 feet high, branched, pubescent. Leaves very large, petiolate, acuminate, minutely pubescent. Stifiules tubular, with the border spreading or reflexed, ciliate. Sfiikes numerous, subpaniculate, crowded, a little nodding. Flowers large, bright rose-colour. JK'ut compressed, broader than long.
Hab. In cultivated grounds and on road sides; naturalized in many situations. August — September.
* * * Flowers in fianiculate sfiikes ; fierianfh 5-leaved.
Polygonella.
13. P. articulatum L. : flowers perfect, octandrous, tri- gynous, nodding ; spikes paniculate, filiform ; pedicels soli- tary, articulate near the base ; bracts imbricate ; leaves linear; nut triquetrous. Willd. Spec. II. p. 450. Pursh Fl. 1. p. 272. Jfutt. Gen. T. p. 255.
Root annual. Stem about a foot high, erect, branched above, smooth. Leaves linear, three-fourths of an inch long, obtuse. Stifiules short, naked, truncate. Sfiikes or racemes erect, ter- minating the branches ; fiedicels longer than the flowers, ca- pillary, distinctly articulate near the base; bracts short, trun- cate, approximate or imbrical, thus giving the spikes a jointed appearance. Perianth spreading, rose-colour ; leaflets broadly obovate. Stamens shorter than the perianth ; anthers simple. Stigmas capitate, nearly sessile. JVut acutely trian- gular, acuminate.
Hab. In barren sandy woods. Plentiful in the pine barrens of New- Jersey. V^ery abundant on the sandy plains west of Al-
408 OCTANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. polygonum.
bany. L. C. Beck. Granby, Connecticut. Eaton. Near Cambridge, Massachusetts. Bigelow and Oakes. Sep- tember.
A singular species, belonging to Mi c haux*s Polyg»- NELLA. Is it not allied to Rumex ?
* * * * Flowers in racemose fianicles ; (leaves subcordate or sagittate.) Fagopyrum.
14. P. Convolvulus L. : flowers octandrous; stales S- cleft; leaves oblong, hastate-cordate ; stem climbing, angu- lar, somewhat scabrous ; segments of the perianth obtusely carinate. Willd, Spec. II. p. 445. Smith FL Brit. 1. p. 430. £«^. J5o/. t. 941. jlf I c/t. H. I. p. 241. Pursh Fl. I. p. 273. B i g, Bost. p. 94. Elliott Sk. L p. 459.
Jioot annual. Stem long, climbing on other plants, or running over the ground. Leaves petiolate, cordate, with the lobes a little spreading and acute. Racemes terminal, interrupted, leafy. Perianth tinged with green and purple; the 3 exterior segments obtusely carinate. Style very short, with 3 spread- ing stigmas. J^ut acutely triangular
Hab. In sandy fields and cultivated grounds. July — Septeniber.
15- P. cilinode Mich.: flowers octandrous; styles 3- cleft ; leaves cordate ; stipules rather acute, ciliate at the base; stem angular, climbing or prostrate, pubescent; seg- ments of the perianth obtusely carinate. M ich. Fl. I. p. 241. Pursh FL I. p. 273.
Root annual. Whole plant minutely pubescent. Stem mostly prostrate, with obtuse angles of a reddish colour. Leaves pe- tiolate, subhastate-cordate, acuminate. Stifiules mostly acute, fringed with reflexed hairs at the base. Racemes paniculate, terminal, somewhat leafy. Perianth pale rose-colour or green- ish ; segments a little spreading, obtusely carinate, but not winged. Mit triquetrous,
Hab. On the sides of hills. Deerfield, Massachusetts. Coo ley and Hitchcock. Near Williams College, Mass. Dewey. Danvers, Mass. Oakes. Fairfield, New-York. Ha dley^ August.
16. P. scandens L. : flowers octandrous, trigynous: leaves broadly cordate; stipules truncate, naked; stem climbing, smooth ; segments of the perianth winged. Willd. Spec, II. p. 436. Mich. Fl.].p.2i0. P ur s h Fl. \. p. '273. Big. Bost. 1^.95. Ellio tt Sk. 1. j^. 459. Helxine scan- dens volubilis. Gron, Virg. 157. Co Id. Novel. 93. Plu k. Ahn. t. 177. f. 7.
R9ot annual. Stem 4 — 5-angled, very long, purple. Leaves pe- tiolate, acuminate, cordate, with the sinus broad and obtuse. Stipules short. Racemes axillary ; flowers aggregate, large.
POLYGONUM. OCTANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. 407
Perianth white or pale rose-colour; the 3 exterior leaflets with a broad winged margin when in fruit. Mtt large, acutely triangular, black and shining. Hab. In hedges and thickets. August.
17. P. sagitlatum L^ : flowers octandrous, capitate; styles 3-cleft; leaves sagittate; stem retrorsely aculeate. JVi 1 1 d. Spec, II. p. 453. M ic h. FL I. ■p. 241. Purs k FLU p. 212. Big. Bost.]).d4. Elliott Sk.h p. A5S, Walt. Car. p. 132. Helxine caule aculeate, foliis sagitta- tis. Gron. Virg. Q4. Cold. Noveb. d2. Pluk. AmaL t. 398. f. 5.
Root annual. Stem long, slender, prostrate, or supported by other plants, acutely quadrangular ; the angles armed with minute reflexed prickles. Leaves an inch and a half in length, and half an inch broad, acute ; the midrib and petioles acule- ate. Stipules acute, lacerate at the tip. Flowers in small ter- minal pedunculate heads. Perianth white. J^ut triangular, black and shining ; the sides a little convex.
Hab. In wet hedges and thickets. July — August.
18. P. arifolium L, : flowers hexandrous, distinct ; styles bifid ; spikes few-flowered ; leaves hastate ; stem retrorsely aculeate. W i U d. Sptc. Ii.>. 453. Mich. Fl.U.p, 241. Pursh Fl.l.p.'212. B i g. Bost. p. 94. Elliott S/c.\.p.45d. Walt. Car. T^. 132. P luk. Amal. 87. U 398. f. 3.
Boot annual. Stem slender, very long, prostrate, or supported by other plants, acutely angular; the angles armed with minute prickles, which are much more remote than in the preceding species. Leaves on long aculeate petioles, exactly hastate, 3 — 4 inches long, acuminate, with short scattered hairs on the upper surface, minutely papillose beneath. Sti/ndes long, smooth, obtuse, slightly ciliate. S/iifres 4 — 6-flowered ; Jlowerf! remote. Perianth pale rose-colour, mostly 4-parted.
Hab. In wet thickets. July — September,
CLASS IX. E N N E A N D R I A,
ORDER I. M O N O G Y N I A,
276. LAURUS. L.
Calyx mostly 6-parted, petaloid. Nectary consist- ing of 3 bisetose glands surrounding the germen. Sta- mens 12 ; 6 of them interior, 3 of which are sterile and glanduliferous. ^<?/-rz/ 1-seedcd. Gen. pi. 6^^. Niitt. Gen. I. p. 258. Juss. p. 80. Lam. III. t. 321. Nat. Ord. Laurin^e Juss. — R. Brown.
Spice-wood, Sassafras, &c,
1. L. carolinensis C at esh. : leaves perennial, oval- lanceolate, conaceous, glaucous beneath ; peduncle simple, terminated with a fascicle of few flowers ; exterior segments of the calyx half as long as the interior. Ca t e sb. Car. I, p. 63. t. 63. 3Iich. FlA.^.-i^b. P ur s h Fl.l. ^."ilQ. Mich.f. Arh. II. p. 142. I. 82.. Elliott S/-. 1. p. 461. L. Borbonia L. Will d. Spec. II. p. 48 1 . W al t. Car, p. 133. Gron. Virg. 46.
A small tree or large shrub. Leaves entire, rigid and glossy.
Flowers in small clusters, pale yellow, polygamous. Drufie
dark blue, on a thick red peduncle. Hab. In the Great Cypress Swamp, Sussex county, Delaware,
its most northern boundary. jVm (tall. Red Bay.
* EuosMus Nu ttalL Flowers polygamous or dioecious. Calyx 6-parted. Nectaries 0. Sta- tnens 9, fertile ; 6 exterior naked ; the 3 interior
L.VURUS. ENNEANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 403
augmented by 6 infertile ones attached by pairs ; anthers of the sterile stamina glanduloid. Berry 1-seeded. Nutt.Lc. (Leaves deciduous,)
2. L. Benzoin L. : flowers in conglomerate umbels, dice- clous ; buds and pedicels smooth: leaves cuneate-oboval, en- tire, whitish and subpubescent beneath. Willd. Spec. II. p. 485. Pursh FLl. p. 276. B i g. Bost. p. 97. El- liott Sk. I. p. 46.3. X u 1 1. Gen. I. p. 259. fValt. Car. p. 133. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. 11. t. 33. L. Pseudo- Benzoin Mich. Fl. I. p. 243. Lauhus fohis enervibus ova- tis, &:c. Gro n. Virg. 46. Cold. Noveh. 95. P luk. Aim. t. 1 39. f. 3—4.
A shrub 4 — 10 feet high, with long virgate branches. Leaves alternate, about 5 inches long, acuminate, cuneate at the base, deciduous ; petioles half an inch long. Floivers appearing before the leaves, in small lateral tufts ; fiedicels very short. Calyx yellow ; segments ovate, obiuse or acute. Stamens shorter than the calyx ; 7?/a?n«^«^5 adnate to tlie anthers; an- thers 2-celled ; cells opening elastically by vertical valves. Style short and thick ; stigma capitate. Berries conglomerate, roundish, scarlet.
Hab. In low shady places, on the margin of rivulets, &c. April. Sfiice-wood, Wild Allsfiice^ Fever-bush, 8cc.
Z. lu. Sassafras L.: flowers in conglomerate corymbs, dioecious ; buds, younger branches and under surface of the leaves, pubescent ; leaves entire, or 2 — 3 lobed ; under sur- face prominently veined. Will d. Spec. II. p. 485. K utt. Gen. I. p. 259. M i c h. Fl. I. p. 244. Mich. f. Arb. I. p. 1 44. t. 8 1 . P ursh FLl. p. 277. B i g. Bost. p. 97. Ejusd. Med. Bot. III. p. 142. t. 35. Elliott Sk. I. p. 464. Walt. Car. p. 134. Catesb. Car. I. t. 55. Laurus foliis integris trilobisque. Gron. Virg. 46. Cold. Noveb, 94.
A middle-sized tree, with the smaller branches yellowish. Leaves various, frequently 3-lobed, acute at the base, petiulate, the lobes very obtuse. Flowers appearing before the leaves, in terminal clustered corymbs, which proceed from the same buds with the leaves ; fiedicels pubescent. Stamixiferous : Calyx pale greenish-yellow ; segments spreading, ovate, acute. Anthers unequally 4-celled. Pistilliferous : Sta- mens 6, all infertile. Germen roundish ; stigma obtuse, nearly sessile. Berries oval, blue, on tliick red pedicels.
Hab. In woods and along the banks of rivers. April. Sassafras.
In the neighbourhood of New-York the Sassafras is not
uncommon, and frequently attains the height of 30 or 40 feet,
410 ENNEANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. laurus.
with a diameter of a foot or niore» Farther north it grows rare, and at length is only a large shrub. Michau x^ the younger, remarks, that the neighbourhood of Portsmouth^ New -Hampshire, (lat. 73°) is one of the most north-eastern points where he has observed this tree. In the western GOun= try it is found one degree farther north.
CLASS X.
DEC ANURIA.
ORDER I. MONOGYNIA.
* Flozoers monopttalous.
217. Arbutus. 281. Kalmia.
278. Gaultheria. 282. Rhododendron,
279. Vaccinium. 283. Rhodora.
280. Andromeda. 284. Epig^a.
285. Pterospora.
* * Flowers polypetalous, regular. 28G. Monotropa. 288. Ledum.
287. Pyrola. 289. Leiophyllum.
290. Clethra.
* * * Flowers polypetalous, irregular. 291. Cassia. 292. BAPTisrA.
293. Cercis.
277. ARBUTUS. L,
Calyx minute, 5-parted. Corolla ovate, diaphanous at the base ; border small, 5-cleft, revolute. Filaments hairy. Berry superior, 5-celled. Gen. pi. 750. .^'utt. 0<?«. L p. 262. Juss. p. 160. Lam. III. t. 366. Nat. Ord. Erice^ Juss. Bear-herry.
A. Uxa ursi L. : stem procumbent ; leaves cuneate-obo- vate, very entire, coriaceous ; margin convex ; flowers fasci- culate : berries 5-seeded. fVilld. Spec. II. p. 618. Smith
412 DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. arbutus
Fl. Brit. U,]). 443. Ejig. Bot.llA. M i c h. Fl. J.i^. ^49, Pursh FLl.p. 283. Big. Bost. p. 101. Ejusd. Med. Bot. 1. t. 6.
A small trailing evergreen. Stem woody, often forming large tufts or mats. Leaves alternate, petiolate, spreading or re- curved, variable in breadth, obtuse, rigid, rounded or revolutc on the margin, reticulRtcly veined beneath Flowers in a small terminal clustered raceme, drooping. Segments of the Calyx obtuse. Corolla rose-colour, pellucid at the base, hairy internally ; segments of the border ovate, acute. Stamens included ; anthers large, bifid. Berries red, persistent. Seeds small, hard. Hab In sandy pine woods and on mountains; not uncommon. Plentiful in the pine barrens of New-Jersey. April— May.
Common Bear-berry,
278. GAULTHERIA. L.
Calyx 5 -cleft, with 2 bracts at the base. Corolla ovatt ; border small, 5-cleft, revolute. Filaments hairy. Receptacle 10-toothetl. Capsule superior, 5-ceUed, covered bv the calyx, which becomes a berry. Gen. pi. 749. Niitt, Ge?i. I. p. 262. Juss, p. 161. Lam. III. t. 357. f. 2. Nat. Ord. ERicEiE Juss.
Mountain-tea. — Partridge- Berry.
1 . G.procurnbens L. : stem procumbent, with the branches erect ; leaves obovaie, cuneate at the base, ciliate-denlicu- late ; flowers few, terminal, nodding. W i 1 1 d. Spec. II. p. 616. Bot. Rep. \\G. Duham. Arh.l.i. l\^. Mich. Fl. 1. p. 249. Pursh FL I. p. 283. Big. Bost. p. 101. Ejusd. Med. Bot. II. p. 27. t. 22. Elliott S/c. I. p. 501. Xutt. Gen. I. p. 262. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. I. t. 15. Anonyma pedunculis arcuatis. Cold. J^oveb. 98.
Stem frutescent, creeping ; flowering branches erect, 3 — 4 inches high, naked below. Leaves sempervirent, 4 — 5 on each branch, crowded towards the summit, about an inch and a half long, coriaceous ; serratures rather distant ; petiole very short. Flowers axillary, solitary, on short recurved pubescent pedi- cels. Calyx 5-toothed, with 2 roundish bracts at the base re- sembling an exteiior calyx ; segments broad, rather acute, pu- bescent on the margin. Corolla ovate, obtusely pentangular, white, hairy withi\) ; border 5-toothed, revolute. Stamens in- cluded; Jilaments woolly, short, alternating with the teeth of the receptacle ; anthers large, opening by 2 terminal pores, each with bifid horns. Germen roundish, surrounded at the base with a greenish lOluothed receptacle or torus ; style cy- lindrical, tubular, longer than the stamens, the base immersed
oiuLTHERiA. DECANDRTA. MONOGYNIA. 413
in the germen ; stigma 5-cleft. Cafisule obtusely pentangu- lar, umbilicate, covered by the coiinivent persistent calyx, which becomes red and succulent, resembling a berry ; valves septiferous in the middle. Seeds 15 — 20 in each cell, attached by one extremity to tlie 5 lobes of the central axis, ovate, con\- pressed, shining. Hab. In wet or dry woods, mostly under the shade of ever- greens. July — August. Mountain-tea. The whole plant has a pleasant aromatic flavour, somewhat resembling that of Betui.a nigra. It is vulgarly called Win- ter-green.
* Flotutm octandrous ; calyx i-tootfied ; corolla subcamfianulate, 4,-cleft ; cafisule ? aubglobose, As-celled^ adhering to the calyx below the middle. Lasierpa*.
2. G,? hispidula MuhL: stem filiform, creeping, his- pid ; leaves ovate, acute ; flowers solitary, axillary. Muhl, Cat. p. 44. G. serpyllifolia Pu rsh Ft. I. p. 283. t. 13. y ACCiNivm hispidnlum Kalm. Willd. Spec. 11. p. 355. M i c fu Fl. I. p. 228. t. 23. Arbutus Jiliformis L a m. Eiic, I, p. 228. OxYcoccus hispidulus Pers. Si/n. I. p. 419. J{ utt. Gen. I. p. 251.
A creeping evergreen, with long filiform stems, covered with ferruginous hairs. Leaves about one-third of an inch long, acute at each extremity, covered, like the stem, with hispid hairs. Flowers solitary, on short recurved pedicels. Bracts 2, resembling an exterior calyx, ovate, acute. Calyx inferior, of 4 ovate acuminate teeth, adhering to the capsule below the middle, not becoming succulent? Corolla very small, white, short-campanulate ; border erect? Stamens included ; ^/o- ments broad ; anthers naked at the base. Cafisule ? or dry berry, white, many-seeded; dissepiments membranaceous. Seeds attached to central receptacles.
Hab. In sphagnous swamps abounding with evergreens. In the cedar swamp near New-Durham, New-Jersey. On the Cats- kill Mountains, New-York. Knevels. Plainfield, Massa- chusetts Porter. Near Boston. Oa kes. On the White Hills of New-Hampshire. Bigelow. April
I much regret not having a full description of this plant taken from living specimens, it being very probable that it will constitute a new genus. It has been referred to four distinct genera, from each of wliich it differs in lieveral important cha- racters. It most resembles Oxycocous and Gaultheria; but differs from the former, in having a bibracteate inferior calyx, which, however, appears to adhere to the base of the fruit, &c. ; and from the latter in being octandrous, as well as in habit. The fruit I have not examined in a recent state, but it appears to be a dry berry. In Mi c haux's figure, which is otheiwise excellent, the fruit is represented as crowned with the calyx ; but the calyx was certainly inferior in the
414 DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. gaultheria.
specimens I examined, and, with a little care, could be sepa= rated to the base of the fruit. Purs/i represents the plant in a far more luxuriant state than I have ever observed it.
279. VACCINIUM. L.
Calyx superior, 4 — 5-tootlied. Corolla urceolate or campanulatc, 4 — 5-cleft. Filaments inserted upon the germen. Berry 4 — 5-celled, many-seeded. Gen. pi. 658. Nutt. Gen. 1.^.263. .Tuss. ^. 162. Lam, III. t. 286. Nat. Ord. Erice^ Juss. VAcciNEiE De Cand. Stamens sometimes 8. Whortle-berry*.
* Leaves deciduous. t Corolla camfianulate,
1 . V. stamineiim L, : leaves oval, acute, very entire, glaucous beneath; pedicels solitary, axillary, filiform ; corolla spreading-campanulate ; segments oblong, acute ; anthers ex- serted, awned ; berries somewhat pyriform. W i lid. Spec. II. p. 349. .4 it, Keio. II. p. 10. Bot. Rep. 263. Miclu i"/. I.p.227. Pursh Fl.l.lM. E Hi d 1 1 Sk. I. -p. ^96. Walt. Car. p, 139. Gron. Virg. 43. Pluk. Aim. U 339. f. 3,
A shrub 2—3 feet high, much branched ; the younger branches pubescent. Leaves about an inch and a half long, and three- fourths of an inch broad, obtuse or acute, on very short pe- 'ioles. Pedicels from one half to three-fourths of an inch long, generally arising from the short lateral branches of the stem, which appear like leafy racemes. Segments of the calyx short, acute. Coro//a white, spreading; lobes somewhat mucronate. Stamens erect; Jilamen:s short; anthers very long, linear, with 2 subulate processes near the base, 2-parted ; the divi- sions tubular, bifid at the extremity. Germen subglobose; style longer than the stamens ; stigma simple. Berries large, greenish-white, scarcely edible.
Hab. In dry woods and on rocky hills. May — June. Deer-berry.
/S, album : leaves subpube scent beneath j berries globose^ V. alhum L,? Pursk FL I. p. 285.
Hab. In the pine barrens of New Jersey. June.
This, as Smit h remarks, is scarcely even a variety of V. staminemn.
'2.Y.dumosnm Curt,: younger branches, leaves and racemes sprinkled with resinous atoms; leaves obovate, cuneate at (he base, mucronate, very entire, green on both
vAcciNiuM. DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 416
sides ; racemes bracteate; pedicels short, axillary, subsolitary ; corolla campanulate; segments rounded; anthers included. Bot. Masr.WOG. Pursh F/. I. p. 285. Elliott Sk.\. p. 497. V. frondusum Mich. Fl. I. p. 230. V. hirldlum Hort. KeiD. ed. 2. II. p. 357.
A shrub about a foot or 18 inches high, with long creeping roots, branched above, often naked below. Leaves an inch long, somewhat shining, conspicuously sprinkled with resinous clots ; margin slightly revolute. Bacetnes lateraF, leafy ; ptdiceU somewhat recurved, bibracteate at the middle. CaLijx glandu- lar ; segments ovate, acute. Corolla large, white, exactly campanulate. Stamens one-third shorter than the corolla ; anthers naked at the base, bifid ; segments simple. Style as long as the corolla. Berries large, a little depressed, black and shining, crowned with the large persistent calyx.
Hab. In sandy pine woods and in sphagnous swamps. Abundant in the pine barrens of New-Jersey, Sec. June.
3. \ . frondosum L. : leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, very entire, and sprinkled with resinous atoms beneath, glaucous ; racemes loose, bracteate ; pedicels long, filiform ; corolla ovate-campanulate ; anthers included. W il I d. Spec. II. p. 352. Mil. Kew. II. p. 11. Bot. Rep. 140. Pursh Fl. L p. 285. Elliott Sk. I. p. 497. V. glaucum M i c h, FL L p. 231.
A shrub 3 — 5 feet high. Leaves an inch and a half long, gene- rally obtuse, oval or obovate, dull, subsessile. Racemes lateral, few-flowered ; pedicels smooth, bracteate, at length elongated and pendulous. Corolla small, white, a little contracted at the orifice. Anthers naked at the base. Style scarcely exserted ; stigma margined. Berries large, blue, glaucoiis, nearly glo- bular, very agreeable to eat.
Hab. In sandy woods and in swamps ; common. Blue-tangles. The berries of this species, and of No. 7, form the prin- cipal part of the fruit sold under the name of Wbortle-berries or Huckle-berries.
^ t t Corolla urceolate,
«e. Flowers racemose., or fasciculate.
4. V. resinosum '/lit.: leaves petiolate, oblong-oval, mostly obtuse, very entire, sprinkled with resinous atoms be- neath ; racemes lateral, secund, bracteate; corolla ovate-co- nic, pentangular. Willd. Spec. II. p. 352. Ait, Kew. II. p. 1 2. "Bot, Mag. 1 288. M i c h. FL I. p. 230. Purs h Fl. I. 286. B i g." Bost. p. 02. Elliott Sk. I. p. 498. Andromeda baccata Wang, Jimtr. ll.t. 30. f. &^.
A shrub about 2 feet high, erect, much branched, with the
416 DECANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. vaccimum.
younger branches pubescent. Leaves at first acute, but when old obtuse, thin, with the resinous dots beneath very conspicu^ ous. Flowers in short lateral racemes or fascicles, small, red, or reddish green, contracted at the orifice. Stamens shorter than the corolla. Style a little exserted ; stigma capitate. Berries globular, biack and shining, sweet. Hab. In woods and on hills; common. May — June.
Black Whortle-berry.
5. V. corymhosum L, : floriferous branches nearly leaf- less; leaves oblong-oval, acute at each extremity, nearly en- tire ; the young ones pubescent ; racemes short, sessile, brac- teate; corolla cylindrical-ovate. W il I d. Spec. II. p. 35 K P n r s h Fl. I. p. 286. B i g. Bost. p. 92. Elliott Sk. 1. p. 498. V. dismorphum M ich. FL I. p. 23U V. ama- num Ait. Kew. \\,^,\'2. fV i 1 1 d. L c ^. 353, Pursh 1. c. p. 287.
A shrub 4 — 8 feet high, with irregular straggling branches. Leaves when young very pubescent, in maturity nearly smooth above, bu'. S'-mewhat pubescent and pale beneath, mucronate, obsolete iy serrulate. Segments of the calyx erect or reflexed. Flowers much longer than in the preceding species, in sub- corymbose racemes, which are crowded towards the extremity of the leafless branches. Corolla white, often tinged with purple. Stamens included ; filaments nearly as long as the anthers, villous ; anthers without awns. Style exserted ; stig-^ ma capitate. Berries large, black, subacid.
Hab. In swamps and low woods. May — June.
High fVhortle-berry.
6. V. fuscatum -/li t. : racemes somewhat naked ; leaves elliptical, acute, very entire, with the nerves beneath some- what villous ; corolla cylindrical-ovate; calyx acute. Willd. Spec. 11. p. 351. Ait. Kezo.W,^. 11* Pursh Fl.\.^.
287.?
Hab. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg, -f
This is an obscure species to me ; though I suspect it to be a mere variety of the preceding. Mu hlenber g asks if it is not a variety of V. ■virgaium^ but it appears to be more nearly allied to V. corymbosum^ to which also it is referred by 5 m i t h.
7. V. pennsylvanicum Lara.: branches angular, (green) ; leaves sessile, oval-lanceolate, mucronate, serrulate, shining on both surfaces ; fascicles of flowers crowded, subterminal ; corolla ovate. Lanu Enc. I. p. 72. Mich. FL 1. p. 232. V. tenelhtm Pursh FL I. p. 288. V. virgutum Jit. Kexv. II. p. 12?
A shrub a foot or 18 inches high, very much branched; the branches more or less angular, with the bark of a greenish co-
VAcciNiuM. DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 417
lour. Leaves membranaceous, slightly serrulate, often ovate. Fascicles 6 — 8-flowered. Calyx green, with acute, somewhat spreading teeth. Corolla pale red, small. Stamens included ; anthtrs naked at the base. Style a little exserted. Berries dark blue, somewhat glaucous, sweet. Hab. On dry rocky hills. May — June.
This is the most common species of IVhortle-berry brought to the New-York market.
8. V. lenellum jiit.: racemes bracteate, sessile; corolla ovate-cylindrical ; leaves oblong-elliptic, subcuneiform, ser- rulate, nearly smooth. jiit. Kew. II. p. 12. Willd, Spec, II. p. 353.
Hab. In New-Jersey and Pennsylvania. April. Muhlen- b erg. On the White Hills of New-Hampshire. B o o 1 1,
This species has not come under my observation. It is not the V. tenellum of Furs/i, which is our ^lennsylvanicum.
9. V. ligustrinum Mich. : branches angular ; leaves subsessile, erect, lanceolate, mucronate, serrulate; fascicles gemmaceous, sessile ; flowers nearly sessile ; corolla oblong, ovate. Mich. i7. I. p. 233. nee. Lin. Pursh FL\. p. 288. excl. syn. Willd.
A small shrub; branches straight and erect, slender. Leaves about three-fourths of an inch long, and three lines broad, very acute, hairy on the margin and midrib, conspicuously veined beneath- Corolla purple, with the floral scales at the base of the same colour.
Hab. In dry woods. Pennsylvania to Virginia. Pursh.
A delicate and handsome species, of which I have seen no northern specimens.
/S. Fhnvera tolitary.
10. V. uliginosum L. : leaves obovate, very obtuse, en- tire, smooth above, veined and glaucous beneath ; flowers subsolitary, octandrous; corolla short ovate, 4-cleft ; anthers awned at the base. W ill d. Spec. U.y. 350. Smith Fl. Brit, I. p. 415. Eng. Bot. t. 581. M i c h. Fl. I. p. 235, Pursh Fl. I. p. 288. V. Gaidtheroides Big. inMeio- Eng. Med. Jour. V. p. 335.
A small procumbent shrub ; branches straggling and rigid. Leaves scarcely half an inch long, rounded at the extremity, sessile ; under surface pale, conspicuously veined. Flowers mostly solitary, small, subterminal, on short recurved pedicels. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla urceolate, contracted at the orifice. Stamens 8, (sometimes 10, Mich. J, included; anthers bi- aristate on the back near the base. Style persistent, shorter than the corolla ; stigma simple. Berries oblong. 53
41 B DECANDRIA» MONOGYNIA, vaccinium,
ITab. On the White Hills of New-Hampshire. Bigelow and B 0 ott.
This is considered as a new species by Dr. Bigelow^ but it appears to differ so little from V. uliginosumy that I think, it had better not be separated.
* * Leaves temfiervirent,
11. V. Vitis idcea L. : stem creeping; branches erect, leaves obovate, punctate beneath, nearly entire ; racemes terminal, nodding ; corolla oblong, campanulate. Willdi Spec. 11. p. 354. Smith FL Brit. I. p, 415. Eng. BoU t, 593. M I c L Fl. I. p. 22y. PurshFl. I. p. 289.
A low shrub, with straggling branches. Leaves often subemar- ginate, siiiiiing, somewat coriaceous, revolute. Racemes few- fluwered. Corolla pale red, mostly 4-cleft. Berries red, acid-
Hab On the White Hills of New-Hampshire. B ige low. In an open dry pasture in Danvers, Massachusetts; plentiful. June. Oakes. On rocks near the sea-coast. Canada to New-England. Pursh,
28«). ANDROMEDA. L,
Calyx 5-parted. Corolla ovate or subeylindrica! ; border 5-ckft, rcficxed. Anthers 2-homed. Capsule 5- celled, 5-valved ; dissepiments from the middle of the valves. Gen, pi. 747. Nutt. Gen, I. p. 264, .III s s. p. 160. L a m. III. t. 365. Ly onia Nu 1 1. 1. c. p. 266. Nat. Ord. ERicEiE Juss.
* Leaves semfiervirent.
1 . A. hypnoidts L. : leaves imbricate, subulate, smooth f peduncles solitary, terminal, 1 -flowered; corolla nodding, globose-campanulate. IVi ( Id. Spec. II. ]p. 608. Lin. FL Lapp. p. 105. t. 1. f. 3. FL Dan. 10. Pursh FL I. p. 291. Muhl. Cat. p. 43.
A small creeping shrub, resembling some species of Lycopo- DiuM, about 6 inches long, much branched ; flowering branches erect. Leaves densely imbiicate, 2 — 3 lines long, minutely ciliate on the margin, (under a lens.) Flowers small, solitary*, on a terminal peduncle about half an inch long. Segments of the calyx ovate, acute. " Corolla white, tinged with red.". Ph. Cafisule subglobose, crowned with the short persistent style.
Hab. On the Wiiite Hills of New-Hampshire. Bigelow. This very rare plant, of which specimens were communi- cated to me by Dr. Bigelow, is also a native of Lapland sflid Siberia.
AMDROMEDi. DECANDRiA. MONOGYNIA. 410
2. k. polifolia L. : leaves linear-lanceolate, convex, re- volute, glaucous beneath ; flowers in short terminal racemes. Willd, Spec. II. p. GIO. ^it. Kezv. 11. p. 167. SmUk Fl' Brit. 11. p. 441. Eng. Bot. t. 713. Mich. Fl. I. p. 254. Pursh FU I. p. 291.
/3. angustifolia A i t. : leaves linear, jiit.l. c. Pursh J. c.
A shrub about a foot and a half high, nearly simple. Leaves 2 — 3 inches long, scattered, very acute, distinctly revolute on the niargin, with a prominent midrib, very glaucous beneath. Flowers aggregated towards the extremity of the stem or branches ; pedicels short. Caiyx^ reddish, with oblong seg- ments. Corolla short, urceolate, contracted at the orifice, Vfhxie. Stamens included; anthers short, 2-awned towards the summit. Style persistent, pentangular. Capsule subglobose ; valves naked on the margin.
Hab. In sphagnous swamps. Near Troy and Albany, New- York. Jiat on and L. C. Bee /c. Litchfield, Connecticut. Brcce. Plainfield, Massachusetts. Porter. May,
This species is also a native of Scotland, and of the northern parts of Europe.
• 3. A. calyculata L. : leaves lanceolate-oblong, rather ob- tuse, obsoletely serrulate, ferruginous beneath ; racemes ter- minal, leafy, subsecund ; calyx bibracteate ; corolla oblong- cylindrical. Willd. S/jec. II. p. G14. Ai t. Kew. W. n^ 70. M i c h. FL I. p. 254. Pursh Fl. I. p. 291. B i <t, £o5^ p. 102. Elliott SkA.^.A^b. J^ u 1 1. Geyi. Lp. 264.
A shrub 3 — 4 feet high, much branched. Leaves alternate, thick and coriaceous, squamulose-punctate ; petioles very short. Flowers subracemose, or rather axillary towards the extremity of the branches; pedicels short and thick. Calyx with 2 broad-ovate acuminate bracts at the base ; segments acute, coriaceous. Corolla white, sometimes tinged with pur- ple. S;a?72e726- included; an;/!ers unawned. 'J/!z,7£' persistent, longer than the stamens, " Capsule round*ish, coated ; septa spontaneously bipartite in a longitudinal direction, exhibiting 5 distinct capsules, primarily attached to a common axis opening externally, and connected by a 5-parted external envelope. Seeds numerous, truncate, angular, transversely accumulated."
Hab, In bog meadows, and in sandy swamps ; not uncommon, April— May.
* * Leaves deciduous.
4. A. mariana L. : leaves oval, somewhat acute, very en- tire, smooth, subcoriaceous, paler beneath; flowering branches nearly naked ; pedicels fasciculate ; corolla ovate-cylfndric •
420 DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. andromeda.
anthers simple at the summit. W ill d. *S/>«c. II. p. 609. excl. sjn. J acq. Bot. Mag. 1 579. M i c k. Ft. I. p. 256. Pursh FIA.^.I^I. Elliott Sk, I. ip. A93. Walt. Car. p. 137. Gron. Virg. 49. P I uk. Mant. p. 25. t» 448.
A shrub 2 — 4 feet high, with few erect branches. Leaves smooth, acute at the base, rather obtuse at the extremity, puncticulate beneath; margin slightly revolute. Racemes or naked branches often a foot or more in length ; pedicels aggregated, half an inch long. Calyx foliaceous, deeply 5-paried ; leaflets about half as long as the corolla, oblong, acute. Corolla white, and pale red, large. Stamens included ; filaments hairy ; anthers with 2 minute awns at the base. Style longer than the sta- mens, 5 -angled ; stigma lobed. Capsule somewhat conoid ; the sutures closed externally by 5 narrow convev ribs. Seeds subulate, very numerous, truncate at one extremity, attached by the smaller end to the 5 lobes ov filacentx of the central receptacle.
Hab. In dry sandy woods. Abundant on Hempstead Plains, Long-Island, and in the pine barrens of New-Jersey. June. It also generally flowers again in October. A beautiful shrub.
5. A. racemosa Mich,: leaves oval-lanceolate, acute, serrulate, membranaceous, pubescent beneath ; racemes ter- minal, secund, simple, (or rarely branched) ; corolla oblong- cylindrical ; anthers 4-awned at the summit. Mich. Ft. \. p.255. fTiZ/rf. 5)9ec. II. p. 612.? Ait. Kezo. U. ^. Qd. PurshFl.\.-^.'2dA. Elliott Sk.\. p. 492. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 265. A. panlculata Walt. Car. p. 138. A. speciosa Willd. 1. c. 613. excl. syn. Walt. A. racemis simplicibus, foliis lanceolatis, &c. Gron. Virg. 67. A. panlculata L. Sp.pl. 564. nee Ait., Mich., &c,
A shrub 4 — 6 feet high, with irregular straggling branches. Leaves acute at each extremity, smooth above, finely serrulate on the margin. Racemes 3 — 4 inches long, sometimes, from luxuriance, compound ; fiowers on short pedicels, nodding, sweet scented. Calyx bibracteate at the base, coloured ; seg- ments lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate. Corolla white, with the segments minute, revolute. Stamens not half the length of the covo\\2i\ filaments smooth; anthers bifid, each division 2-awned. Germen roundish ; style slightly exserted, cylindric ; stigma minute.
Hab. In swamps and on the borders of wet woods ; rare. June — July.
6. A. arborea L. : branches terete ; leaves oblong, acu- minate, acutely serrate, smooth ; panicles terminal, many- spiked ; corolla ovate-oblong, pubescent ; anthers unawned. Willd. Spec. U. p. 612. Ait. Keio. II. p. ed. Bot. Mag.
ANDROMEDA. DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA, 421
905. M i c h. Fl. I. p. 255. M ich. f. Arh. III. p. 222, f: 7. PurshFl. I. p. 295. Elliott Sk. I. p. 491. Bart. Fl. Jimer. Sept. I. t. 30. Walt. Car. p. 138. Gron. Virg. 48. Catesb. Car. I. t. 7 1 .
A middle-sized tree. Leaves peliolate, large, shining above, paler beneath, uncinately serrate. Flowers in large terminal panicles, composed of numerous secund racemes or spikes; pedicels naked at the base, with one minute bract below the flower. Segments of the calyx short, acute. Corolla white, obtusely pentangular. Filaments very short; anthers long, • bifid. Style not exserted.
Hab. In the valleys of the Alleghany Mountains, Pennsylvania.
Pur s h. Sorrel-tree.
This tree, according to the younger Mi chaux, sometimes
attains the height of feet. The leaves are pleasantly acid,
and are frequently used by the hunters to assuage thirst.
7. A. ligustrina MuhL: pubescent; leaves obovate- ianceolate, acuminate, minutely serrulate ; floriferous branches terminal, paniculate, naked ; corolla subglobose ; anthers un- awned. M uh I. Cat. p. A4. E i Hot t Sk. \. p. 'iOO. Vac- ciNiUM ligustrinum Sp. pi. p. 560. Androm. panicidata Will d. Spec. II. p. 612. excl. syn. L., &c. ^ i t. Kezo. II. p. 69. M i c h. Fl. I. p. 254. Pursh Fl. I. p. 295. Big. Bost. p. 102. hYom A panicidata N utt. Gen. I. p. 266.
A shrub 4—8 feet high, with numerous straggling branches. Leaves at length smooth on the upper surface, membranace- ous. Panicles compound, nearly naked, erect ; fiedicels some- what aggregated, without bracts. Ca/yx 5-toothed. Corolla small, nearly globose, white, pubescent. Stamens shorter than the corolla; anthers acute. Style not exserted; stigma simple. Cufisule globose ; sutures closed by 5 narrow convex ribs.f Seeds subulate, attached by the smaller extremity to the 5 lobes of the central receptacle.
Hab. In swamps and wet thickets. June — July.
This is certainly the Vaccinium tigustririum o( Linn a us, as I am informed by Sir J. E. Smit h. The A. fianiculata, of the former, is perhaps merely a luxuriant specimen of A, racemosa, which often, especially in the Southern States, bears compound racemes.
t The genus Lyonia o^ J^'uttall is characterized as distinct from ANDiioMKDA, by ttie valves of the capsule being closed with 5 other nar- row and exterior valves. This structure is, however, observed m some eenuine species of Andiiomeda, as in K.mariana; and Mr. A'uttull in- forms me, he now thinks his Lxo.-yiA had better be reunited to the genus ipom whence it was taken.
422 DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. kalmia,
281. KALMIA. L.
Calyx 5-parted. Corolla hypocrateriform ; border on the under side producing 10 cornute protuberances, in which the anthers are concealed. Capsule S-celled, many- seeded ; dissepiments marginal. Gen. pi. 743. JVutt. Gen. I. p. 267. Juss. p. 158. Lam. III. t. 363., Nat. Ord. RHODODENDRACEiE Juss.
American Laurel. — -Calico-bush.
1. K. latifolia L, : leaves on long petioles, scattered and ternate, coriaceous, green on both sides; corjmbs terminal, viscidly pubescent. Will d. Spec. U. \). 600. Bot. Mas. 175. Mich. Fl. I. p. 253. Mich. f.Arb. III. 147. t. 5 Pnr<sh Fl. I. p. 296. B i g. Bost. p. 103. Ejusd. Med. BoM. p. .t. 13. Elliott S/cc I. ip.ASl. W aU, Car. p. 13B. Wang. Amer. 64. t. 24. f. 50. Andromeda foliis ovatis, corollis corymboois, &;c. Gron. Virg. 160,. Ga- te s b. Car. II. t. 90.
A shrub 4 — 15 feet high, with very crooked irregular branches j ivood hard and dense. Leaves sempervirent, 2 — 3 inches lon^, very smooth and shining, acute at each extremity ; the U'der surface nearly of the same colour with the upper, Flowers large, in terminal corymbs; fiediceis an inch long,tri- bracteate at the base. Teeth of the ccilyjr acute. Corolla rose-colour, with a very short tube, and a large spreading bor- der. .Stamens declinaie 5 the anM<?rs lodged in the depressions of the corolla, but at length liberated elastically at different times. S^y/e filiform, persistent ; sr/^;«a capitate. Ca/isule depressed-glob'jse. Seeds very minute, much compressed, at° tached to the central receptacle,
Hab. On rocky hills and on mountains; common. June — July/ Mic haux, the younger, remarks, that the west end of Long-Island, and the vicinity of Poughkeepsie, New-York, are the northern limits of this plant. Dr. Big-eloiv, how- ever, found it in great quantities at Cape- Ann, Massachusetts. It also occurs on the Hudson as far north as the Catskill Mountains, where it sometimes attains the height of 20 feet.
2, K. angustifolla L. : leaves ternate, petiolate, obtuse, slightly ferruginous beneath; corymbs linear; peduncles and calyx glandular-pubescent. W il I d. Spec. IL p. 601. Bot, Mag. 331. M i c h. FL I. p. 257. P.ursh FL I. p. 296, Big. Bost. p. 103. Elliott Sk. I. p. 482. Wang. Amer. p. 65. t. 24, f. 51. K. ^Inuca Ku 1 1. Gen. I. p. 267 ? Andromeda, Cold. XovcbolOO.. Gates b. Car. III. L
17. f. i.
2ALJ1IA. DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 423
A shrub seldom more than 2 feet high. Leaves sempervirent, on short petioles, very smooth, somewhat gloucous beneath, scattered or in threes. Floivers not more than one third as large as in the preceding, but deeper rose-colour, in small la- teral corymbs, and thus appearing verticillate. Capsule smooth. Hab. In sandy woods and in swanips. June — July.
Dnvarf-la u r el.— Kill- calf. This and the preceding species are poisonous, and frequently kill sheep.
S.K, glauca Ait. : branches ancipitous 5 leaves oppo- site, sjbsessile, oblong, smooth, glaucous beneath, revolute on the margin ; corymbs terminal and axillary, bracteate; pe- duncles and cal}x very smooth. Ait. Kew. II. p. G4. t. 8. W illd, Spec.U.^.&OX. But.Mag.m, Lam.Jll.t. 163. Purs h Fl. I, p. 296. K. polifolia Wa ng. Act, Soc. Berol. VIII. p. 129. t. 5.
A shrub about 18 inches high, with the branches distinctly an- cipitous. Leaves an inch long, almost sessile, generally ob- tuse. Umbels 8 — lO-fiov/tvad ; /ledicels slender, with ovate bracts at the base. Segments of the calyx obtuse. Corolla larger than in K. an^usii/olia^ pale rose-colour. Ca/isule large, smooth.
Hab. In sphagnous swamps and in mountain bogs. Hudson, New-York. Also/i. Plainfield, Goshen, Hawley, Sec, Mas- sachusetts. Porter. On the White Hills of New-Hamp- shire. Big e low. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. July,
/S. rosmarmifo/ia Ph.: leaves linear, conspicuously revo- lute, nearly green beneath. P ur s h 1. c.
A low shrub with few branches. Leaves scarcely 2 lines broad, slightly glaucous beneath. Umbels terminal. Flowers, S^c. as in the preceding variety-
Hab. Near Albany, New-York. Pursh and L.C.Beck. Litchfitld, Connecticut. Brace. July.
This is certainly but a variety of K. glauca, as it sometimes occurs with broader leaves, which are distinctly glaucous be- neath.
282. RHODODENDRON. L.
Cahjx 5-parted. Corolla subinfundibuliform, 5-cleft. Stamens 5—10, declinate; anthtfrs opening by 2 ter- minal pores. Capsule 5-ceiled, 5-valved, opening at the summit. D. Don, in Eduu Phil. Jour. VI. p. 49. Rhododendron et Azalea 5j&/?. Lm., &:c. Lam. III. t. 110. f. 2. & 364. Nat. Ord. Rhodo- BENDRACE/E J u s s. Mouutain-lauTel
424 DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. rhododendroi?.
* Flowers fientandrous.
1. R. nudiflorum* : flowers somewhat naked; leaves lanceolate-oblong, nearly smooth, and green on both sides ; the midrib beneath bristly ; margin ciliate ; flowers not vis- cous ; tube longer than the divisions ; teeth of the calyx short, somewhat rounded ; stamens much exserted. A. nudijiora L, Willd, Spec. I. p. 93J, Ait. Kexo. I. p. 202. Bot.Magc 180. Bot.Cab.5]. E lliot t Sk. l. p. 240. Walt. Car. p. 97. Roem, ir Schult. IV. p. 375. A. periclxjmeitoi- des Mich. Ft. I. p. 161. Pursh Fl. I. p. 163. A. erecta, foliis ovatis integris, &c. Cold. Noveh. 25. G r on, Virg. 21.
A shrub 2 — 6 feet high, much branched towards the summit. Leaves deciduous, alternate, crowded on the extremity of the branches, very entire, nearly smooth above, except a pubes-, cence along the midrib ; under surface slightly hairy or smooth. Flowers in terminal clusters, appearing before the leaves are expanded ; fiedicels bracteate at the base. Calyx very short. Corolla red ; tube very long ; border vtnequally 5-lubed. Stamens about as long again as the corolla ; JilU' merits slender, smooth ; anthers with 2 terminal pores. Ger- rwe7i hairy; style filiform; s^i^nia capitate. Co/isu/e oblong, obtusely 5-angIed.
Hab. In woods and copses ; common. Ufiright Honey-suckle. Of this plant there are numerous varieties ; some of which are found in their native woods, others the effect of cultiva- tion. Of the former, the most remarkable is one with from 10 to 20 stamens, found by Pursh in the vicinity of Phila- delphia, confirming the opinion, that Azalea (excluding A. jirocumbens ) and Rhododendron should form but one genus.
2. R. viscosum* : flowers leafy ; branches hispid ; leaves oblong-obovate, acute, smooth and iireen on both sides, ci- liate on the margin ; midrib bristly ; flowers viscous ; tube as long again as the segments ; teeth of the calyx short, round- ed ; stamens scarcely longer than the corolla. Azalea vis- cosa L. Willd. Spec. 1. p. 831. A it. Kew. I. p. 203. Mich. Fl. I. p. 150. Pursh F/. I. p. 153. Big. BosL p. 52. Elliott Sk. I. p. 241. Walt. Car. p. 97. R oem. ^ Schult. IV. p. 376.
A shrub 4 — 8 feet high, with the younger branches and pedun- cles bristly. Leaves crowded, nearly smooth, somewhat ser- rulate on the margin ; the under surface of the same colour as the uppes. Flowers in terminal leafy clusters, sweet scented. Calyx very short. Corolla white, very viscous and pubescent j infundibuliform ; tube long. Stamens about as long »s the> corolla.
Hab. In wet woods and copses. June.
RHODODENDRON. DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 425
(i. glauciim M i c h* : leaves glaucous beneath. M i c h, Fl. 1. c. AzAiiEA glauca Pursh Fl, I, p. 154. A. vi^- cosa ^, Jloribunda Jli t. Kcio. 1, c.
Hab. In swamps; rare. July.
This variety is made a separate species by P urah^ but it appears to be scarcely distinct from A. viscosa.
3. R. calendulaceuin* : flowers somewhat naked •, leaves oblon;^, pubescent ou both sides, at length hairy ; flowers not viscous; teeth of the calyx oblong; tube of the corolla hairy, shorter than the segments. Azalea calendulacea Mich. FLl.p.\5l. Pursh Fl.]. p. 15\. Elliott Sk. I. ^. 238. Roem. S^ Schult. IV. p. 473. A. nudiflora x. coc- cinea Jit. Ke:o. I. p. 202.
A shrub 2 — ^6 feet high. Leaves deciduous. Flowers large, bright flame-colour, or bright yellow.
Had. In Pennsylvania. May. Muhlenberg.
Pursh remarks, that this is the handsomest shrub in North-America. It is, by some Botanists, considered as a va- riety of Azalea fionlica, a native of the Levant.
4. R. arborescens^' : flowers leafy ; leaves obovate, ra- ther obtuse, smooth on both sides, glaucous beneath, ciliate on the margin; nerve almost smooth; flowers not viscous ; tube longer than the segments ; caiyx leafy, with the segments oblong, acute ; filaments exserted. Azalea arborescens Pursh FL I. p. 153. Roem. ^ Schult, IV. p. 474.
A shrub 10 — 20 feet high. Flowers large, rose-colour. Scales of the flower-buds large, yclowish-brovvn, surrounded with a fringed white border. Ph.
Hab. In rivulets near the Blue Mountains, Pennsylvania. Pursh.
5. R. nitidum* : flowers leafy; branches somewhat smooth; leaves oblanceolate, submucronate, coriaceous, Smooth on both sides, shining above ; nerve bristly beneath ; margin revolute-ciliate ; flowers viscous ; tube a little longer than the segments ; calyx very short ; filaments exserted. Azalea nilida Pursh Fl. I. p. 153. Roem. ^"Schult, JV. p. 378.
Leaves dark green and shining, smaller than in any other spe- cies. Flowers white, with a red tinge. Ph.
Hab. In deep mossy swamps on mountains. Pennsylvania to Virginia. Pursh.
6. R. hispidum* .-flowers leafy ; branches straight, very hispid ; leaves long-lanceolate, hispid above, smooth beneath, glaucous on both sides ; nerve beneath bi istly ; margin c\
54
426 DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. rhododendron.
Hate; flowers very viscous; tube scarcely longer than the segmeuiS ; teeth of the calyx oblong, rounded ; filaments ex- seried, Azalea hispida Piirsh FIA. p. 154, Roem, ^ Schult. IV. p. 578.
A shrub 10 — 15 feet high, very upright, and of a blueish ap- pearance. Floivers white, with a red border, and a tinge of red on the tube, which makes them appear of a rose-colour before they open. Fh.
H/B On the borders of lakes on the highest parts of the Blue Mountains, New-York to Pennsylvania. July — August. Purah.
* Floivers campanulaie i stamens 5 — 10.
7o R. lapponicum WahL: leaves elliptical, roughened with excavated punctures. WahL FL Lapp, 104. Azalea lapponka Lin. FL Lapp. 89. t. 6. f. 1. fVilld. Spec. L p. 832. FL Dan. 966. Roem. ^ Schult. IV. p. 378.
An evergreen (procumbent?) shrub, 8 — 10 inches high, with straggling branches. Leaves mostly crowded towards the ex- tremity of the branches, scarcely more than half an inch long, elliptical ovate, coriaceous, flat, rather obtuse, on very short petioles, covered on both surfaces with excavated punctures or pores, which, especially on the lower surface, are closed vvitl> ferruginous scales. Flowers in terminal leafy clusters. Calyx minute, 4-toothed ; teeth obtuse. Corolla bright pur- ple, campanulate, 4-cleft; segments rounded, nearly equal. Stamens 8, a little longer than the corolla ; filaments slender, woolly at the base ; anthers oblong, opening by 2 small ter- minal pores. Germen roundish, pubescent j style filiform ; stigma capitate, entire. Hab On the White Hills of New-Hampshire. July. Bi gclota.
This rare plant is also a native of Lapland. A fine speci- men, sent to me by Dr. Bigeloiv, agrees in every respect with one in my Herbarium from Lapland. Whatever doubt there may be respecting the propriety of removing the other species of Azalea to Rhododendron, I think there can be none about this. Its habit is exactly that of R. ferrugineunz znd fiu7ictatum.
8. R. maximum L.: arborescent; leaves oblong, acute, paler beneath ; umbels terminal ; segments of the calyx oval, obtuse; corolla campanulate, Willd. Spec. il. p. 606. Boi. Mag.'^ib\. Schmidt Arb.i. \2\. Mich. FL\» p 259. M I c h. f. Arb. 111. p. 144. t. 4. Pur sh FL L p. 297. Big. Zios/. p. 102. Ejtisd. Med. Bot. Ill, 10). U 51. Elliott ^k.\. p. 4B3. Wang. Amer.p.63. t. 23. f. 49. Cham^rhododendrgs^ &c. Catesb* Car, III, p.
aHOBODENDRON. DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 427
A biirub 10 — 15 feet high. Leaves sempcrvircnt, 4—6 inches long, and an inch and a half hroad, coriaceous, somewhat cuneate, abruptly acuminate, pale or ferruginous on the under surface ; petioles about an inch in length. Flowers in dense terminal racemes, very large, at first invested with large acu- minate ferruginous bracts ; pedicels viscous-pubescent, erect, an inch and a half long. Calyx very short, witli 5 ovate ob- tuse teeth. Corolla subcampanulate, irregular, rose-colour, 5-cleft; segments rounded, spreading. Stamens rather shorter than the corolla, unequal ; yf/awerzrs woolly at the base ; an- thers roundish. Style about as long as the stamens ; stigma capitate. Cafisule oblong, subterete, 5 -celled. Seeds very minute and numerous, compressed, subulate at each extre- mity, attaclied to the 5 wings of the columella, which extend into the ceils of the capsule.
Hab In cedar swamps, an;l in mountain bogs. Abundant in the cedar swamp near New-Durham, New- Jersey, and in the \>in& barrens. On Long-Island, near Babylon. In the Highlands of New-York, near Fishkill. Barratt. Near West-Point, Douglass. In the vicinity of Boston, and at Cape-Ann, Massachusetts. Bigelow. In Pennsylvania. Muhlen- berg. June — July.
A highly ornamental evergreen shrub. M i c h a ii x, the younger, remarks, that the northern limits of this plant are the west end of Long-Island, and the River Hudson below the Highlands; but Dr. Bigelow has found it near Boston, and Dr. J. Locke, I believe, still farther north.
283. RHODORA. L. Calyx 5-tootbed. Corolla 3-pctalled ; p-^fah unequal, slightly united at the base; the upper one thrice broader, and 3-lobed. Stamens and sti/le declinate. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, opening at die top ; dis- sepiments formed of the inflexed margins of the valves. D. Don, in Edin. Phil Mag. VI. p. 49. Gen. pi. 745. Nutt. GVw. I. p. 269. Jiiss.\>.\S9. Lam. 7//. t. 364. f. 2. Nat. Ord. Rhododendrace^ Juss. R. canacknsh L. W il I d Spec. U. p. GOZ. Lam. III. I c. Hot. Mag. 744. PHerit. Stirp. 1. p. 141. t. 68. M i c h. Fl. I. p. 259. Pursh Fl.l. p. 298. B i g. Bost. p. 104.
A shrub about 2 feet high, with erect branches. Leaves alter- nate, oval, very entire, pubescent and glaucous beneath, some- what revolute on the margin. Flowers in terminal umbels or clusters, appearing before the leaves are unfolded. Calyx very minute. Corolla purple or reddish ; superior petals nar- row-lanceolate, obtuse ; inferior ones broader, and 3-lobed rt
426 DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. khodora.
the summit. Stamens about as long as the corolla ; filaments slightly hairy at the base ; anthers oblong, opening by 2 ter- minal pores. Style longer than the stamens ; stigma capi- tate. Cafisule oblong, spliuing nearly to the l>ase into 5 valves. Seeds with a membranaceous wing at each extremity. Hab. In bogs, particularly on mountains. Near Williams Col- lege, Massachusetts. Dewey. In the vicinity of Boston^ and on the White Hills of New-Hampshire. Big e low Granby and Brookfield, Mass. Porter. May.
This shrub possesses much of the habit of Rhododendron, with which genus it may hereafter bp united,
284. EriGyEA. L,
Calyx large, 5 -parted, with 3 bracts at the base. Corolla hypocrateriform ; border 5-parted, spreading ; tube villous within. Capsule 5-celIcd; receptacle 5-parted. Gen. pi. 748. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 269. Juss. p. 1.61. La m. III. t. 367. f. 1. Nat. Ord. Ericeje Juss. Ground-lawcl.
E. repens L, : branches, nerves of the leaves and pe- tioles, very hairy ; leaves cordate-ovate, very entire ; corolla subcylindrical. W Hid. Spec. II. ip. 615. Lam.IU.\.c. Bot. Rep. 102. Mi c h. FL I. 250. Pursh Fl.\.\>. 207. Big. Bosl. p. 101. Elliott S^. I. p. 501. Watt. Car. p. 139. Arbutus foliis ovatis integris, &;c. Or on, Virg. 49. Pluk. Aim. 309. t. 107. f. 1.
A trailing evergreen. Stem woody, hairy, a foot or more in length. Leaves alternate, on long petioles, mucronate, flat. Flowers in dense terminal and axillary racemes, very fra- grant. Bracts nearly as long as the calyx, ovate, acuminate. Calyx deeply 5-parted, with ovate, acute segments, coloured. Corolla white, with a tinge of red, woolly internally ; tube cy- lindrical; border spreading; segments ovate, obtuse. Sta- mens shorter than the corolla ; filaments woolly ; anthers in- cumbent, linear-oblong, opening longitudinally the whole length. Style as long as the stamens ; stigma simple.
Hab. In rocky woods and on hill sides. April. Mountain-tea.
285. PTEROSPORA. Nut tall.
Calyx 5-parted. Corolla monopetalous, ovate; margin 5-toothed, reflexed. Anthers excentrically pel- late,' 2-celled, adnata to the filaments by the margin, bisetose. Capsule 5-celled, imperfectly 5-Yalved; dis-
rTBRospoRA. DECANDRIA. MONOGYNJA. 429
sepiments from the middle of the valves; septa aiid valves uniting towards the base, and coalescing with the rcceptacular axis ; receptacle 5-lobed. Seeda very numerous and minute, each fnrnished with a tf^rminal wing. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 269. Nat. Ord. Mono- TROPE/E Niii t.
P. jindromedea Kutt. 1. c. Monotropa procera T 0 rrey in Eat. Man. Bot. cd. 2. p. 324.
JRoot roundish, consisting of matted filaments, (annual, JVu tt.J Every part of the plant, except tiie- corolla, covered with brownish viscid hairs. Stem from a foot and a half to 2 feet or more in height, simple, brownish red or purple, clothed to- wards the base with lanceolate bracts, somewhat cylindric, sen- sibly attenuated upward. Flowers numerous, (sometimes as many as 80,) irregularly dispersed in a long raceme ; fieduncles spreading equally around the stem, sometimes collected in fascicles of 4 and 5 each, cylindrical, nutant, three-fourths of an inch long, each subtended at the base by a longish linear paleaceous bract. Calyx 5-parted ; segments ovate, nearly half the length of the corolla, somewhat pubescentiy ciliate, furnished witli obscure longitudinal nerves. Corolla monope- talous, marcescent, ovate, open ; margin 5-tooihed, reflexed ; dentures short-oval, obtuse, rosaceous; the rest of the corolla white. Stamens 10, included ; filaments subulate, flat and membranaceous, arising from the base of the germen ; anthers small, 2-celled, traversed by, and inseparably connected with the filaments, of an oboval form, attached by the margin, open- ing inward from the base, or junction of the filaments, in a ho- rizontal manner, or, in other words, in a contrary direction to that of the filaments which support them. At the base of the singular anther there is situated 2 small filiform processes iiearly its lenglli, which have probably been applied to the 2 sutures of the anthers before opening ? Sixjle 1, short and co- lumnar ; stigma capitate, obscurely 5-lobed. Cafisiile 5-celled, subglobose ; valves 5, coalescing towards the base by their dis- sepiments with the axis of the receptacle ; recefitacle 5-lobed ; lobes long, alternating with the dissepiments, which arise from the centre of the valves. Seeds extremely numerous and mi- nute, globular-ovoid, acute at the base, sulcatc, terminated up- ward by a dilated roundish reticulated membranaceous wing^ which Is hyaline, and many times larger than the seed.f — JVut (.
Hab. In hard clayey soil, where there is little vegetation to be
f From an external inspection of this minutest of seeds, we perceive that the embryon, as the umbilicus, must be concentric, and probably sur- rounded by a perisperm; but it may fairly be doubted whether this plant, and Moyoxnoi-A. its coordinate, are not deprived gf cotyledons. .Yntt.
430 DECANURIA. MONOGYNIA. herospora*
seen, except small oak and pine trees, at Greenbush, near AU bany, New-York. James. On the island, one mile below Albany, in great abundance A. B. E a t on. On high lime- stone cliffs at the Little Falls of the Mohawk. Coofier^ Near the Falls of Niagara in Upper-Canada. Whit lo tOo August.
I received specimens of this plant, in fruity about eight years since, from Dr. Ed to in J a m e s, who discovered it at Greenbush, near Albany. Having only seen imper- fect specimens, I was ignorant of the structure of the flowers, but referred it to Monotropa as the genus to which it was most nearly allied, and a short description was published in £ Q t on's Manual of Botany, ed. 2d. 1818, under the name of M. firocera. There can, however, be no doubt of its be- longing to a genus quite distinct from Monotropa. This plant is said, by Mr. M'uttall, to be an evanescent annual, but I am assured by Mr. Tracy^ of Albany, an accurate Botanist, that it is certainly a perennial. He has taken up the roots from their native soil, and transplanted them into his garden, where they flowered. I am informed that the Pterospora has lately been illustrated in Europe by Ho ok er^ and also by Lindley and Drown; but unfortunately their publications have not yet reached this country, so that I am unable to avail myself of their valuable observations.
2G6. MONOTROPA. L.
Calyx 3 — 5-parted, or 0. Corolla 5-petalled, cucuK lute at the base. Anthers l-celled, bilabiate. Capsule 5-celkd, 5-valved. Seeds numerous, invested with a long ariUus. Gen. pi 737. Ho o k. FL Scot. p. 124. • Juss. p. 430. Lam. III. t. 362. Monotropa et Hypopithys Nutt. Gen. I. pp. 270, 271. Nat. Ord. MoNOTROPE^ Nutt. Incertas sedis. Juss. Plants parasitic on the roots of trees, destitute of ver- dure, producing scapes. Sometimes one-fifth part of the fructification is wanting. Bird^s-nest. — Pine-sap..
* Scapes many-floioered. Hypopithys. Dille ?iius and JVu t tall.
1. M. lanuginosa Mich. : scape bearing the flowers in a spike ; bracts and flowers woolly. Mich. FL I. p. 266. Pursh FL I. p. 303. B i g. Bost. p. 106. Elliott Sk. I. p. 478. JVI. Hypopithys Walt. Car. p. 136. Hypopi- thys lanuginosa Nutt. Gen. I. p. 271.
jRoot perennial ? consisting of imbricated scales. Whole plant, •except the lower part of the scape, pubescent, of a dingy co-
iiowoTROPA. DECANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 43i
lour, and musky odour. Scafies clustered, 4—6 inches long, invested with lanceolate scales, erect, simple, ant^ular. Sfiike at first convolute, at length more erect, but the flowers droop- ing and secund ; pedicels about half an inch lung. Corolla large ; petals obovate-lanceolate, obtuse ; the 5 exterior with a nectariferous cucullate base. Stamens \0; Jilaments pu- bescent, shorter than the corolla, alternating at the base with 10 short recurved filiform processes; anthers 1 -celled, adnata to the filaments on one side, opening outward their whole length. Style nearly as long as the stamens, thick, hairy, persistent ; stigma large, dilated, bearded beneath. Cufisule superior, roundish, erect; dissepiments growing to the axis towards the base, thus preventing the valves from expanding. Hab. In woods, particularly where beech abounds j not un- common. August.
2. M. Hypopithys L. : scape bearing the flowers in a spike ; scales and flowers smooth externally ; lateral flowers with 8 stamens. IV ill d. Spec. II. p. 573. Smith Fl. Brit. II. p. 440. Eng. Bot. t. SO. Mich. Fl. \. p. 266. P ur s h Fl. 1. p. 303. Hypopithys europcea JV' u 1 1. Gen. I. p. 271.
Whole plant of a dingy yellow, half the size of the European plant. jMic/i.
Hab. Parasitic on the roots of beech and other trees, in shady moist places. Canada to Pennsylvania. Pursh. In Penn- sylvania. Muhlenberg. July.
I have never seen undoubted North-American specimens of this plant ; all that have come under my observation hitherto being merely smoother varieties of M. lanuginosa.
* * Scape \-fioioered. Monotropa. J^uttall.
3. M. unijiora L. : scape straight, elongated, 1-flowered ; flowers decandrous, erect or cernuous. fVilld. Spec. II. p. 573. Mich. Fl. I. p. 266. Pursh Fl. I. p. .303. £ /- /ion SA:. I. p. 477. JVm/^ Gm. I. p. 271. Walt. Car. p. 136. M. Morisoniana Big. Bost. p. 106. M. flore nu- tante. Gron. Virg.Al. Cat est. Car, L t 36. Pluk, Aim. t. 209. f. 2.
Root roundish, composed of densely matted filaments. Whole plant white, not musky. Scape 5 — 8 inches high, tiimple, suc- culent ; scales oblong or lanceolate, scattered or approximate, nerved. Flowers large, generally nodding, but frequently erect. Petals 5, oblong or obovate. Stamens shorter than the corolla; Jilaments pubescent, unequal, with 10 short recurved processes at the base ; anthers horizontal, excentric, opening by 2 linear transverse foramina. Style short; stigma large, dilated, concave. Capsnle obtuse, pentangular, 5-celled,
432 DECANDRIA. BIONOGYNIA. monotropa
5-valved ; valves coalescing vihh the axis at the base. Seeds very uumerous and minute. Hab. In shady v^oods. June.
The M. Morisoniana of Mi chaux^ is scarcely a distinct species from the present, unless there be some important cha- racter omitted in the description; for the flowers are very frequently erect, the scape eiongated, and the scale distinct- Tl«f figure of Moris on, to which Pursh refers, is very- rude, and of liitle use in determining the question; yet, the latter Botanist, who saw the orignial specimens from which the figure was drawn, describes the M. Morisoniana as dis- tinct.
28". PYROLA. L.
Calyx small, 5-cleft. Petals 5, slightly united at the base, deciduous. Stamens opening with 2 pores. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds invested with a long arillus. Gen. pi 752. Juss. p. 161. Lam. Ill, t. 367. Pyrola et Chimaphila Pursh, Nut- tall, Sec. Nat. Ord. MoNOTROPEiE JVutt, (Hook.) Erice^ Juss. Winter-green,
* Floivers racemed,jiointing in various directions.
1. P. roiundifolia L.: leaves rounded or dilated-oval, obsoleteiy serrulate, subcoriaceous and shining; petiole about, as long as the lamina; scape many-flowered ; bracts o\ate, acute ; calyx 5-parted ; segments oblong-ovate ; style de- clinate. Will d. Spec. W. ^.Q'il. J^ u 1 1. Ge7u ]. p.273. Smith FL Brit. II. p. 444. Eiig. Bol. t. 213. M ich, F?. I. p. 251. Pwrs/i F/. I. p. 299. £ ig. J5os<. p. 105. Elliott Sk. I. p. 504. P. uoveboracensis. Cold. No- veb. 99.
Roof perennial, creeping. Leaves all radical, sempervirent, about an inch and a lialf in diameter, smooth and shining, ■with conspicuous nerves ; margin with appressed obsolete ser- ratures ; petiole margined. 5ta/2<? a foot or more high, acutely 3 — 5-angled, with 2 or 3 remote lanceolate bracts. Flowers large, in a long terminal raceme, sweet scented ; pedicels one- third of an inch long, nodding, subtended by lanceolate acute bracts. Calyx nearly one third as long as the corolla; seg- ments acute, a little reflexed at the tip. Corolla white, with a rosaceous tinge ; fietals ovate-oblong, rather obtuse. S?c- we72S shorter than the corolla, ascending ; y?/omewrs smooth, flauened; anthers oblong, with 2 pores at tUe base, ai first erect, but becoming inverted after the flower expands, as in
bvROLA. DECANDRiA. MONOGYNIA. 433
the rest of the genus. Style thick, longer than the stamens j stiffTna annulate, 5-lobed. Hab. In dry woods. July — August.
2. P. elliptica jV n 1 1. : leaves membranaceous, ellipti- Cal-ovate, serrulate, rather acute ; lamina longer than the pe- tiole ; scape nearl)' naked ; hracts subulate ; calyx 5-toothed ; stjle declinate. }fiitt. Gen, I. p. 273. '
Boot creepinpj, perennial. Leaves sometimes oblong-oval, acute or obtuse, of a much more thin and menibranaceous texture than the preceding ; petiole generally much longer than the lamina. Sca/ie about 10 inches high, pentangular, with scarcely ever more than a single bract. Flowers sweet-scented. Calyx very short ; teeth broad, with the points a liiile reflexed. Corolla white, with a greenish tinge; petals oblong-oval, rounded. Stamens shorter than the corolla, ascending. Style declinate, longer than the fluwer ; stigma annulate, with 5 dis- tinct emarginate lobes. Capsule roundish, depressed, obttisely pentangular ; valves connected on the margin by an intricate tomentum, which prevents them from expanding. Seeds very minute, covered with a membranaceous integument attenuate at each extremity.
Hab. In dry woods, especially in pine barrens ; not uncommon. July — August.
This species is well distinguished by Mr. jYuttall from P. rotundifolia, which it resembles in many respects.
3. P. asarifolia Mich. : leaves subreniform, generally emarginate, coriaceous ; lamina shorter than the petiole ; scape mostly convolute, many-flowered; cal}x appressed ; stamens slightly ascending ; style declinate, clavate. M i c h» FL I. p. Si^l . Pur s h Fl. I. p. 299. G 0 I di c in Edm, Phil, Mag. VI. p. 326. P. chioraalha N u 1 1. Gen. I. p. HI 5. excl. syn. Swartz* P. rolundrfolia ^. nummularia Muhl. Cat. p. 44.
Root long and creeping. Leaves not half the size of the pre- ceding species, dark green and op&ke, dilated, mostly with an irregular notch at the extrcmiiy, obsoictcly crenulate. Scape 8-~-I0 inches high, acutely angular, with rarely more than one convolute bract. Calyx of 5 obtuse dilated teeth. Corolla greenish, " nearly destitute of odour," Ai'u tt. ; petals obo- vate, obtuse. Stamens shorter than the corolla. Style dc- flexed and recurved ; stigma annulate, 5-lobed.
Hab. In dry sandy woods. Near Schenectady, New-York. X. C. Beck. Deerfield, Massachusetts. Cooley. In pine woods at Windham, Mass. Oakes. In New-Jersey, near Philadelphia. jVuttall. July.
I think there can be littlt doubt that this is the P. asari- folia. It is referred to P. chhrantha of S w a r t z^ {\x\ St o c k. Trans. 1810. p. 190. t. 5.) but even if it were identical w'uh 55
434 DECANDftlA. MONOGYNIA. ?vrola,
that species, the name of Michaux must be adopted, it being seven years anterior. Prof. Hooker, of Glasgow, infurms me, however, that he has compared the North-Ame- rican plant with specimens of V. chlorantha from Swartz himself, and finds them quite distinct.
A,?, jninor L.: leaves rouftdish-oval, semilate ; scape
naked ; style short, straight, as long as the erect stamens.
WiUd. Spec. U.n.6<i\.' Smith Fl. Brit. \\.^.4U. Eng,
Bot. t. 1 58. Pursh Fi. L p. 299- M u h I. Cat. p. 44.
Flowers smaller than in the preceding species, white, with a
tinge of red. Sdgjna peltate. P/j. Hab. In the western parts of the State of New-York. Furs/:, In Pentisylvania. Mu hlenberg. June.
» * Flowers racemed, secund.
S. P. secunda L. : leaves roundish-ovate, acute, serrate^ raceme secund; style straight, W ill d. Spec, H. p. 621. S mitk Fl. Bnt. II. p. 445. Eng, Bot. t. 517. M i c h, Fl. I. p. 250. Pursh F/. 1. p. 299. B i g. Bost. p. 1 05.
Root long, creeping. Stem \—2 inches high, procumbent at the base. Leaves submembranaceous, smooth and shining, rather acute, distinctly serrate ; lamina much longer than the leaf. Sca/ie angular, 6 — 8 inches high ; bracts lanceolate, acute, appressed. Raceme many-flowered. Calyx small, with acute teeth. Corolla greenish-white; /le/a/s oblong, concave, Statnens nearly as long as the corolla ; anthers with large open pores. S<i//«? ex serted, straight; s/i^-ma peltate, gibbous.
Hab. In open sandy woods ; not uncommon. June — July.
* * * Fionver solitary^ terminal.
6. P. unifiora L. : leaves orbicular, serrate ; scape !- flowered ; style straight. Willd. Spec. II. p. G22. Smi I h FU Brit. II. p. 4G6. Eng. Bot. t. 146. M ic h. Fl. I. p. 251. Pursh Fl. I. p. 299.
Root creeping. Stem very short, ascendirg. Leaves nearly or- bicular or obovate, smooth and flat, distinctly serrate ; lamina much longer than the petiole. Scape 2—4 inches long, naked. Flowers large, nodding, fragrant. Teeth of the calyx ovate, obtuse. Corolla nearly white, sometimes tinged with red; fietals roundish. Stamens shorter than the corolla ; anthers with 2 tubular pores at the base. Style thick, nearly as long as the stamens ; stigma 5-rayed. Hab. In pine woods at Windham, Massachusetts. Oakes. In dry woods and sphagnous swamps. Canada to New-York. Pursh. July.
Of this species, I am informed by Mr. Oakes, there ap- pear to be two varieties; one with regular kidney-shaped
PVROLA. DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 436
leaves; the other with round, n\ore irre£j:ular leaves, which are thin and rather membranaceous. Thty buili occur, ihoui^h rarely, in the pine woods near Windham, Massachuseus.
* * * * Flowers somewhat umbellate ; stijles very short,
Chimapihla. Pursh.
7. P. mnhellala L. : leaves cuncate-lanceolatc, acule nl the base, serrate, uniforml)' green ; scape corymbcd. IV i 1 1 d. Spec. II, p. 622. Lam. III. t. 367. f. 2. Hot. M:>f;. 778. Mich. Ft. I. p. 251. Bi^. Bost. p. 106. Ejnsd. Med. Bot. II. p. 15. t. 21. Chimai'Hila corymbosa Pursh Fl,
I. p. 30. C. umbdlata Nutt. Gen, I. p. 274. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. 1. 1. 1.
Jioot long, creeping. Ste7n ascending, ligneous. Leaves sem- pervirent, subverticillate, smooth and coriaceous, narrowed at the base into a short petiole, acute ; margin distantly and acutely serrate. iScafte or peduncle 4 — 6 inches long, bearing from 4 — 6 large flowers in an imperfect terminal un^bel, Teeth of the caJyx rather obtuse, dilated. Corolla greenish- ■>vhite, tinged with violet. Siamens nearly as long as the co- rolla ; Jilaments with a dilated violaceous disk near the middle ; anthers spotted, with 2 tubular truncate pores at tlie base, be- coming inverted when the flower is expatided. German ob- tusely conic, surrounded at the base with a glandular ring ; style very shprt and thick, immersed in the depression of the germen ; stigr.ia large, convex, viscous, 5-lobed. Capaule roundish, opening at the summit; margin of the valves desti- tute of a connecting web; rece/itacle 5-lobed. Seeds very mi- nute and numerous, acute at each extremity.
Hab. In dry woods. July. Piftsissewa or Si/isisscwa.
This species is also a native of the north of Europe and of Asia.
8. P. maculaia L. : leaves lanceolate, rounded at the base, remotely serrate, discoloured ; scape 2 — 3-flowered. Wiild. Spec. II. p. 622. Bot. Mag. 897. Mich. Fl. I. p.251. Walt. Car. p. 136. G r o n. l^irg. 48. Chima- PHiLA macidata Pursh Fl. I. p. 300. Elliott SA:. I. p. 505. Nxitt. Grn.l.^.'^nfy. B a r t. FL Am. Sept. l.t.
II. Pluk. Mant. 157. t. 349- f- 4.
Boot long and creeping. Stem assurgent, 3 — 4 inches high, woody at the base. Leaves sempervirent, subverticillate, on short petioles, sometimes ovate lanceolate, acute, with a longi- tudinal discoloured spot along the midrib, sm"Oth and coriace- ous; margin with remote acute subrepand teeth. Sca/ie ov peduncle about 4 inches long, bearing 2 or 3 flowers in an um- bellate manner ; ficdicels nearly an inch long. Flowers large, fragrant, nodding. Cn/'wr 5 -leaved ; leaflets obtuse, ciliatc.
WW'
4S6 DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. pyrolao
Corolla white, with a tinge of purple ; petals broad ovatCo Statncns sometimes \2 \ Jilaments bearing a flattened obcor-= date villous disk ; anthers large ; the tubular pores at the base divergent and truncated obliquely. Stigma large, sessilCj partly immersed in the germen. Hab In dry woods. July — August.
This, and the preceding species, form the genus Chima° PHILA of Pur s h. This acute Botanist separated them Py- BOL^, as was long before proposed by Mi c h a u x, on ac-* count of their sessile stigmas, and the anthers being rostrate and opening by a subbivalve foramen. But in their anthers they certainly agree with the other PyROLiE, opening by 2 simple pores at their base ; and in the stigma, they differ from, each other, it being furnished with a short style in P. umbellata^ and quite sessile in P macuiata. Dr. Big e low, in '.is Me- dical Botany, above qnoted, under the article Pyrola umbel- latay has given excellent reasons for I'etaining these species iu the genus where they were originally placed, and has shewn that they diflFer as much from each otlter, as some true Py- rola do from these. t In Air. JVji t f all's improved gene- ric character of Chimaphila, he describes the filaments as sti- pitate, with a ciliate discoid stipe, and the capsule with the valves unconnected by a web. In P. secunda, however, the valves of the capsule are likewise unconnected. It appears to me, therefore, better to restore Pursh's genus to Pyrola.
288. LEDUM. L, \
Calijx minute, 5 -toothed. Corolla 5-petalled, spreadina^. Stamens exserted ; anthers opening by 2 terniinul pores. Capsule subovate, 5-celled, 5-vaived, opening at the base ; valves with the margins infiexed and approximate ; receptacle 5-lobed ; columella 5-an- gled, pedicellate. Seeds numerous, fiat, linear, sca- brous, with a membranaceous wing at each extremity, D. Don in Edin. PhiL Mag. VL p. 50. Gen. pL 744. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 275. Juss. 159. Lam. ' lll.t. 363, f. 2. Nat, Ord. RHODODENDRACEiE Juss.
Labrador-tea
f Dr. Bigelo-w arranges the North-American species of Pyroi.a ae pording' to the following synopsis : —
♦ Style declined; stigma annulate. P. rotundifolia, elliptica.j asarifolia. •* * Style straight ,- stigma peltate. P. secunda, uniflora, minor. • * * Style incrassated ; calyx 5-leaved. P. macuiata. f • * • Style immersed; calyx 5-ioothcd. P. uinbellata.
.EDLM. DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 137
L, Intifollnm Ait.: leaves oblong, replicate on the mar- gin, forruginous-tomentose beneatli ; i^tamens 5, as long as the corolla. Alt. Kew.W.^.&A. IV i ii d. Spec, ll.'^p. 60'2. J acq. icon. rur. III. t. 464. Lam. Enc. III. p. 459. Ejusd. In. I.e. Pursh FL I. p. 300. L. pulustre : lali^ folium M i c h. Fl. I. p. 239.
A small evergreen shrub. Stein irregularly branclied ; branches woolly. Leaves alternate, subsesslle, about 2 inches long, and from one-tliird to half an inch broad, ol)tuse, covered un tlie under surface with a dense ferruginous wool ; margin folded in. Flowers large, in dense terminal corymbs; fiediceh fili- form, pubescent- Calyx very minute. Corolla white ; fietah obovate, obtuse. Stamens about as long as the corolla ; fila- ments slender, smooth; anthers small, opening by 2 simple terminal pores. Germen roundish ; style straight, about as long as the stamens ; stigma small, obtuse. Cafisule ovate- oblong, subpubescent ; valves separating at the base, with the margins inflexed and connivent ; recefitades linear, extending into the cells of the capsule. Seeds minute, terminating in a membrane at each extremity.
Had. In sphagnous swamps. Near Troy, New- York, and in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Eaton. On the shores of Lake George,N.Y. Dr. Macbride. On the White Hills of New- Hampshire. Bigelowc In Pennsylvania. Mu hi en- berg. June.
2. h. pahisire L. : leaves linear, revolute on the mar- gin, ferruginous tomentose beneath ; stamens 10, longer than the corolhi. Willd. Spec. II. p. G02. Lam. Enc. j). 459. Jit. Kew. 11. p. G5. FL Dan. 1031. Duhum. Jrb. I. t. G7. Pursh Fl. I. p. 30.
Hab. On the borders of the niountain lakes of New- York, Pursh.
289. LEIOPHYLLUM. Per so on.
Calyx deeply 5-partec!, persistent. Corolla S-pe- tailed. Stamens longer than the corolla ; anthers la- teral, opening on the inside longitudinally. Capsule roundish, 5-celled, 5-valved, opening at the top; valves ovate, with the margins inflexed, remote and straight ; columella subovate- terete, rugose. Seeds small, smooth, not winged. D. Don in Edin. Phil. Mag. VI. p. 50. Pers. Sijn. I. p. 477. (subgenus) Elliott Sk. I. p. 483. Ledi sp. L. Ammyrsine Pursh Fl. I. p. 280. Nat. Ord. R h o d o n e n d r a c e .li ./?/ j ^,
438 DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. leiophvllum.
L. buxifnlium Elliott Sk. 1. c. Ledum buxifolium A i t. Ktw. n. p. 65. Will d. Sptc. II. p. 602. But. Cab. 52. Berg, Act. Petrop. 1777. p. 213. t. 3. f. 2. (fide Willd.) Mich. F/. IL p. 260. L. Ihymifolium Lam. £nc. in. p. 459. Ejusd. f 11. t. 362. (, 3. Ammvrsine 6t(xi» folia Pursh FL I. p. 301.
An evergreen branchinp:. shrub, from 8 inches to a foot highj erect, much branched. Leaves not half an inch long, oval or oblong, coriaceous, very smooth and shining, convex, revolute on the margin. Floivcrs numerous, small, in terminal corymbs or umbels. Calyx persistent; segments ovale, acute. Co- rolla white ; fietals oblong. Stamens exserted ; filaments slen- der, smooth ; anthers small, roundish. Style straight, as long as the stamens ; stigma capitate. Cafisule 3 — 5-celled, 3 — 5-. valved, opening neatly half way down; margin of the valves not approximate ; columella ovate, rugose, slightly 5-angled. Seeds minute, naked.
Hab. In sandy pine barrens and on high mountains. Abundant in the pine barrens of New-Jersey. May — June.
Sand-Myrtle.
290. CLETHRA. L.
Calyx 5-parted, persistent. Corolla 5-petallecl. Style persistent; stigma short, 3-cleft. Capsule S-celled, 3-valved, covered by the calyx. Gen. pL 751. Nu t U Gen. I. p. 275. Juss. p. 160. ham. III. t. 369: Nat. Ord. Erice^e Juss.
C. alnifolia L, : leaves cuneate-obovate, acute, coarsely serrate, smooth and green on both sides; racemes spiked, simple, bracteate, hoary-tomentose. Willd. Spec. \\. \>. CI 9. Schmidt Jrb. 47, -L am. III. 3G9. Mill. icon. t. 28. Mich. Fl. I. p. 2G0. Pursh Fl. \. p. 301. Big, Bost. p. 105. Elliott Sk. I. p. 502. C. alnifolia «. denu- data Ait. Kew. I. p. 73. Clethra G r o n. Virg. 47. Caiesb. Car. 1. 1. 66.
^
A shrub -1—8 feet high. Leaves alternate, petiolate, acute or acuminate, with mucronate serratures, cuneate and entire at the base ; petioles, and generally the larger nerves, pubescent. Flonvers in long erect racemes or spikes, very fragrant. Pe- duncle, pedicels., and calyx, covered with a white dov/n. Calyx about half as long as the corolla ; segments ovate, rather ob- tuse. Corolla white ; fietals obovate, spathulate, obtuse. Sta- mens one-third longer than the corolla ; anthers with divari- cate lobes, acute at the top, opening by 2 pores at the base, inverted after flowering. Germen roundish, villous ; style an- gular, hairy, as long as the stamens; stigma dilated and 3-lobed.
«LETHRA. DECAKDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 439
Cafisule covered with the persistent calyx, obtusely triangular. Seeds angular, attached to the lobes of the receptacle. Had. In wet woods and in swamps. August.
Sivee! Pefifier-bush,
:21, CASSIA. L.
Cahjx 5-leaved. Petals 5, subequal. Stamens un- equal ; 3 superior anthers sterile ; 3 inferior rostrate, with longer and incurved filaments. Legume mem- branaceous, 2-valved. Gen. pL 700. Nu 1 1. Gen, I. p. 280. Juss. p. 351. Lam. Ill t. 332. Nat, Ord. Leguminos^ Juss. Leaves pinnate, with the petiole often glandular ; flowers axillary* PFild-pea.
1. C. marilandica L.: nearly smooth ; leaves in 8 pairs, lanceolate- oblong, mucronate ; gland on the petiole obovate ; racemes axillary, many-flowered; legumes linear, arcuate. W i 1 1 d. Spec. II. p. 524. M i c h. FL I. p. 260. Pursk Fl. I. p. 306. Elliott Sk. I. p. 473. B i ^. Med. Rot. il. p. 1 66. t. 39. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med, I. t. 1 2. W alt. Car. p. 135. G r o n. Virg. Q5. D i II. Elth, 321. t. 260. f. 339.
J^oot perennial. Slem 2 — 4 feet high, erect, much branched, slightly hairy. Leaves pinnate, with 7 — S pairs of leaflets; leaflets nearly equal, petiolate, acute, pubescent ; gland near the base of the common petiole substipitate. Flowers in axil- lary racemes, v/hich are mostly towards the upper part of the stem, and thus form a large terminal panicle ; fiedicch filiform, with linear bracts at the base. Culijx nearly half as long as the corolla, coloured ; leaves oblong, obtuse, unequal. Corolla blight yellow, large ; fietaU oblong-obovate, veined ; the in- ferior ones longer. Stamens very unequal ; the 3 superior ones very short, v/ilh flattened abortive aiilhers ; the 3 inferior nilh compressed filaments and large incurved anthers; all the anthers dark brown. Gertnen linear, as long as tiie middle stamens, villous, ascending; stijle incurved; stigma simple. Legume about 4 inches long, flattened, generally hairy. Seeds 9-^12, large, compressed, separated by transverse partitions.
Hab. In wet meadows and on the banks of rivers ; common. August. Wild Senna.
2. C. ChamcBcrista L. : smoolhish ; leaves in many pairs, linear, with the gland on the petiole subpedicellate; buds 2_3-flowercd; 2^of the petals spotted; legume pubescent. Ivilld* Spr.c. U. p. 521]. Bat. Mag. 107. Mich. FL I. p. 262. Pnrsh Fl. I. p. 306. B ig. Bos(. p. 104. E l- liott Sk, I. p. 473. JFa 1 1. Car. p. 136. Gro n. Virg: 47.
440 DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. cassia.
Root annual. Stem about a foot high, erect or pubescent, much branched, covered with a minute appressed pubescence. J.eaves in 12 — 15 pairs, somewhat sensitive, as in the rest of the genus, linear-oblong, oblique at the base, obtuse, mucro- nate ; stifiules in pairs, subulate ; gland cup-shaped, slightly pedicellate. Flowers in lateral bracteate fascicles above the axils, often in pairs^ but som^imes in fours; fiedicels nearly an inch long, with 2 subulate bracts a little below the flower. Calyx coloured, tv/o-tbirds as long as the corolla, lan- ceolate, attenuate to a fine point. Petals bright yellow, obo- vate, 2, and sometimes 3 of them, with a purple spot at th6 base. Siamens unequal, all of them fertile; anthers very long, almost sessile; 4 of them yellow, the rest purple. Germcjt villous; sn//p filiform, smooth ; stigma s\m\i\e. Zfj^u7?ze flat- tened, about 2 inches long, sprinkled with short hairs,
Hab. On the sides of hills and in sandy fields. June— August. Sensitive-pea or Magoty-bay-bean, This is a very common species in New-Jersey, frequently covering whole fields.
3. C. 'tiictilans L. : stem spreading, pubescent; leaves in many pairs, linear; gland on tiie petiole pedicellate; pedun- cles fasciculate^ few-flowered ; flowers pentandrous ; stamens equal. Wind. Spec. II. p. 529. M ich. Fl. I. p. 262. PwrsA i^Z. I. p. 306. E I li o 1 1 Sk. I. ^. Al^. Walt. Car, p. 135. P Ink. Aim. 341. t. 314. f. 5.
Root annual. Stem about a foot high, erect or procambent,much branched, slender. Leaves in 14 — 18 pairs, small, linear-ob- long, mucronate, oblique at the base ; gland near the base of the common petiole, cup-shaped, on a distinct slender pediceL Flowers very small above the axils. Calyx sometimes 4-leav- ed; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. Pf/a/s dark yellow, obovate. Stamens all fertile; ara;/;ers large, truncate. Ger^ men villous ; style short, thickened at the extremity. Legume hairy.
Hab. In sandy fields. Abundant on Long-Island, Sec.
Sensitive-fieOo
4. C. fascicvlata M i c h„ : nearly smooth ; leaves at the summit in 9 pairs ; gland sessile near the middle of the pe- tiole ; fascicles lateral, many-flowered ; petals and stamens of the same colour; legume smooth. Mich. Fl. l.p. 262, Pursh Fl. I. p. 30G. Elliott Sk. \. p. 471.
Flowers smaller than in C. C/tamacrista. Legume curved, as- cending. Mich.
Hab. In dry fields. New-York to Carolina. Pursh. In Pennsylvania. Mxi hUnb erg, June — August-
KArtisiA. MCANDRIA, MONOGYNIA, 441
292. BAPTISIA. Veil ten at. Calyx half 4— 5-cleft, bilabiate. Corolla papilionace- ous ; petals nearly equal in length ; vexilluin with the sides rcflexed. Stamens deciduous. Legume ventri- cose, pedicellate, many-seeded. R. Brown in Hort» Kew. ed. 2. III. p. 5. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 281. Po- T> ALY^ J JE spp. Lam.y TVilld.j &c. Lam. III. X. 527. f. 1. SoPHORTE spp. L. Nat. Ord. Legumi- i^osjE^Juss, Leaves ternate. fFild Lidigo.
B. tinctona R- Br. : very smooth, much branched ; leaves ternate, subscssile ; leaflets rounded obov a «;raceme3 terminal ; (flowers yellow) ; legume on a long stiipe. E l- liott Sk. I. p. 467. Bart. FL 1. t. 29. Js u it. Gen, I. p. 284, PoDALYRiA tinctoria Willd. Spec. II. p. 503. Bot, Mag. 1099. Lam. III. I c. Mich. Fl I. p. 265. P ur sh Fl.l.-f. oQ^. Big. Bost. p. 104. L.liottSk. I. p. 4G7. SoPHORA tinctoria L. Sp.pl. 534. W a It, Car, p. 134.
7^00/ perennial. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, very much branched, some- what glaucous. Leaves alternate ; common petiole scarcely a line long, without stipules at the base ; leaflets about three- fourths of an inch long, rounded at the extremity, cuneate at the base ; sti/iules minute, caducous, Fiowers in a loose ter- minal spike or raceme; pedicels articulate at the base. Calyx: subcampanulate, 4-cleft ; the upper segment broader. Corolla bright yellow ; vexillum roundish, crenulate, reflexed on the sides ; ivirigs obovate ; keel of 2 obovate petals slightly united. Stamens nearly equal, as long as the keel ; Jilaments slender, smooth; an^/zers small, oblong, incumbent. Germen smooth, pedicellate, tapering into a slender style ; stigma simple, if- j-ume short, inflated, gibbous, on a long stipe, of a dark blueish colour. Seeds small, subreniform.
Hab. In open sandy woods; common. July — September.
The whole plant turns blueish-black in drying. It affords a considerable quantity of an inferior kind of Indigo.
293, CERCIS. L. Calyx 5-toothed, giblwus at the base. Corolla pa- pilionaceous; wm^/ larger than the vexillum; keel 2-petalled. Legume comi^ressed ; seminiferous su- ture margined. Seeds obovate. Gen. pi. 696. Xu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 283. Juss. p. 348. Lam. III. t. 328. Nat. Ord. LEGUMi.YOSiE Juss. Judas'-tree*
C canadensis L. : leaves roundish-cordate, acuminate, 56
442 DECANDRIA. MOROGYNIA. CEKcrs.
villous at the axils of the nerves ; legumes on short foot- stalks. W I lid. Spec. II. 'p. bOQ. M i'l l. icon. 2. M i c h. i"/. I. p. 26o. PMr6/i Z^'/. I. p. 308. E I li o tt Sk. I. p, 470. fV a It. Car. p. \35. Gron, Virg.Al.
A small tree with smooth grayish bark. Leaves alternate, large, nearly orbicular, with an abrupt acumination, smooth and entire ; petioles 1—2 inches long. Flowers in small fasci- cles, laterally disposed on the limbs, and sometimes on the trunk, appearing before the leaves. Calyx coloured, very gib- bous on the lower part, pubescent on the margin. Corolla, dark rose-colour ; -vexillum very small, covered by the wings ; keel of 2 distinct petals, larger than the wings. Stamens al- ternately longer ; an^Afri oblong, incumbent. German linear, smooth, tapering into a slender style; stigma simple. Le^ gumen compressed, many-seeded.
Hab. In woods and on the banks of rivers. New- Jersey to Ca- rolina. Api'il.
I have not observed this tree north of New-Jersey. It is not rare in the vicinity of Philadelphia ; and farther south is is abundant. The North- American plant is very nearly alliea ^o C. Siliquastrum of Europe.
ORDER II. D I G Y N I A,
294. Hydrangea. 298, Mitella.
295. Saxifraga. 299. Safonaria.
296. Chrvsosplenium. 300. Dianthus.
297. Tiarella. 301. Scleranthus,
294. HYDRANGEA. L,
Calyx superior, 5 -toothed. Petals 5. Capsule 2-beaked, opening by a foramen between the horns. Ge7i.pl. 760. Nutt. G(?w. I. p. 285. Juss. ^. 310. Lam. III. 370. Nat. Ord. Saxifrages Juss.
I . H. vulgaris Mick, : leaves oblong-ovate, smooth
UYDRANeEA. DECANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 44^
beneath, obtuse at the base, acuminate, dentate ; cymes uaked. Mich. FL I. p. 268. Pursh Fl. I. p. 300. Elliot t Sk. I, ];*. 50'd. K ut i. Gen. \. ^. 2ZA. H. ar- borescens L. Willd. Spec. II. p. 633. Bot. Ma^. 437. L a m. III. t. 370. f. 1 . M i 1 1, icon. 251.
A shrub 5 — 6 feet high, with opposite branches. Leaves oppo- site, petiolate, often a little cordate at the base, acuminate, pu- bescent, green on both sides. Flowers cymose, all uniform, (rarely radiate.) Calyx minute, 5-toothed. Petah white, small. StaJiicns longer than the petals, a little unequal ; an- thers oblong. Styles 2 or 3, persistent. Ca/isule somewhat 2 — 3-beaked by the persistent styles, opening by a transverse foramen between the beaks. The capsule is invested with the persistent calyx, which is truncate and iO-ribbed ; the ribs connected at the top by a margin. Seeds oblong, striate.
IIab. In shady rocky situations on the banks of rivers. Near Philadelphia, &c. July.
The H. cordata of Pursh is, by several good BotanistSj considered as a mere variety of H. vulgaris.
2. H. radiata W ait. : leaves ovate, acuminate, serrate, lomentose and white beneath ; cymes radiate. JV a 1 1. Car. p. 251. Will d. Spec. IF. p. 634. H. 7uvea M i c h. Fl. I. p. 269. Fursh FL I. \>, 300, E 1 1 io 1 1 Sk. \. p, 510. HvDRANGEA Lam. //^. t. 307. f. 2.
A shrub about 6 feet high, with smooth opposite branches. Leaves frequently subcordate, conspicuously acuminate, pu- bescent along the veins on the upper surface, silvery tomen- tose beneath • serratures mucronate. Cyrnes pedunculate, ter- minal; the lateral flowers very large and imperfect. Perfect Fl. Calyx 5-toothed, 10-ribbed. Petals 5, white, oblonfj, small. Stannns unequal, longer than the petals ; filaments blender, smooth ; anthers roundish. Styles 2, short, divergent ; etigmas simple. Abortive Fl. Calyx 3— 4-leaved, very large, yellowish-white; leaflets oval, persistent. Corolla 3— .4-pc- talled, minute. Stamens very short, sterile. Pistil a mere rudiment.
JIab. In Pennsylvania. Mu hi en berg. July.
The above description was taken from a plant collected in Virginia, and growing in Mr. Prince's Garden at Flush- ing.
295. SAXIFRAGA. L. Cali/x 5-parted. Petals 5. Capsule superior or inferior, or half inferior, 2- beaked, 2-celled, many- seeded, opening b.etween the beaks. Gen. pi. 764. J\fu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 285. Ju s s. p. 309. L a m. III. t. 372. Nat. Ord. Saxifrages 7 u ^ 5. Saxifrage.
444 DECANDRIA. DIGYNIA. saxifra^a,
1 . S. virginiensis M i c h. : pubescent ; leaves oval, ob- tuse, crenate, narrowed at the base into a petiole ; stem nearly leafless, corymbose-paniculate ; flowers subsessile ; petals oval, with branched nerves ; capsule half inferior. D, Don Monog. Saxif, in Lin. Trans. XIII. p. 336. M icL Fl. I. p. 269. Pursh Fl I. p. 310. Elliott Sk. I. p. 511. S. vcmalis Big. Bast. p. 107. S» nivalin Muhl, Cat. p. 45. S. foliis cordato-ovalibus crenatis, &c. G r on. Virg. 160. S. noveboracensis Cold. Noveb. 125. Pluk. Aim, t. 222, f. 5,
Root perennial, thick. Whole plant minutely pubescent. Stem succulent, very variable in size, early in spring scarcely more than an inch, but later, and in favourable situations, more than a foot high, dichotomously branched above ; the branches bearing small terminal corymbs. Leaves mostly radical, spreading on the ground, an inch or more in length, thick, crenate-dentate, obtuse. Flowers numerous, crowded. Seg- ments of the calyx ovate, acute, erect. Petals white, ob- tuse. Stamens shorter than the calyx ; filaments subulate ; anthers roundish. Styles short, diverging, persistent. Cc/j= sule half inferior.
Hab. On rocks and dry hills ; common, April — -May.
Nearly allied to S. nivalis, but that species has acutely cre- nate leaves ; the scape scarcely branched, with the flowers in a dense cluster. Sec.
2, S, pennsxjlvanica L. : pubescent ; leaves oblong-lan" (Ceolate, acute at each extremity, obsoieteiy denticulate; stem naked; panicle oblong; flowers fasciculate; petals linear, longer than the calyx ; capsule superior. D. D o n 1. c. p. 384. Wit Id. Spec. 11, p. 640. Mich. Fl. I. p. 269» P ursh Fl. \. p. 3U. Big. Bast. p. 107. S. foliis lan» «ceolatis denticulatis, &Co Gron. Firg. 49» DHL Elth, ^37. t. 253„ f. 328„
Root perennial. Leaves all radical, 5 — 8 inches long, and an inch or moix in breadth, sUghtly pubescent, acute, attenuate at the base j margin irregularly denticulare. Scafie a foot and a half or 2 feet high, pubescent, simple, jpanicle oblong, con- sisting of short alternate branches, bearing small fascicles of flowers, but in fruit more expanded, with the flowers distinct. Calyz: green ; segments lanceolate, acute, spreading^ Petals yellowish-green, obtuse. Stamens longer than the calyx, persistent \ anthers roundish, orange Styles very short, spreading. Cafisule superior. Seeds very numerous, linear- oblong, angular, dark brown,
£Ub. In wet meadows and bogs. May— June.
^HRYSosPLENiuM. DECANDRIA. D1GYN[A. 44i>
296. CHRYSOSPLENIUM. L.
Calyx superior, 4 — 5-cleft, coloured. Corolla 0. Capsule 2-beaked, many-seeded. Geii. pi. 783. Nut f, Gtfn. I. p. 254. Juss. p. 309. La 771. III. t. 374. f. 2. Nat. Ord. Saxifrage^e Juss. Lateral flowers octandrous. Golden Saxifrage.
C. oppositifolium L. : leaves opposite, roundish-cordate. IVilld. Spec. II. p. r,38. Smith Fl. Bnl. II. p. 448. En^. Bot. {. 490. M i c h. Fl. I. p. 269. Pursh Fl.\. f, 269. Elliott Sk. I. p. 511.
Root perennial, creeping. Plant subaquauc and rather succu- lent, brittle, yellowish-green. Stem dichotomously branching, subquadrangular. Leaves on short petioles, orbicular, ob- lique at the base, smooth and veinless, crenate-dentate. Flowers sessile, all octandrous. Calyx 4-clefi ; green or slightly tinged with purple ; segments orbicular, and very obtuse ; 2 oppo- site ones narrower- Stamens very short ; filaments inserted into the indentations of the receptacle ; anthers roundish, at first orange red, but at length becoming brown. Germen in- ferior ; styles 2, tapering, divaricate, about as long as the sta- mens; stigma obtuse. Cafisule 2-horned, with the horns spreading, 1 -celled, covered with the persistent calyx. Seeds 10 — 12, nearly orbicular, pubescent.
Hab. About springs and in brooks in shady places. April — May. Pursh thinks the North- American plant a distinct spe- cies from the European ; but I have not been able to detect any difference. Smith remarks, that in the latter the i^-owers are frequently all 4-cleft and octandrous.
297. TIARELLA. /..
Calyx 5-parted, persistent. Petals 5, inserted into the calyx, unguiculate. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved; valves unequal Gen. pi. 765. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 285. /«5J. p. 309. Lam. III. t. 373. i\ 2. Nat. Ord. Saxifrage.^ Juss.
T. cordifolia L. : leaves cordate, acutely lobed, dentate ; teeth mucrouate ; scape racemed. Willd. Sptc. II. p. 659. Bot. Mag.\b^2. Lam. III. I c Mich.F/.Lp. 270. Pur s h Fl.l. p. 313. Mitella nudo scapo. G' r o n. Firg, 160.
Hoot perennial. Leaves all radical, about 2 inches and a half in diameter, distinctly cordate, with scattered hairs above, pubes- cent beneath ; petiole 3—4 inches long. Scafie 8—10 inches
44G DECANDRIA. DIGYNIA. iiarella.
high, naked, simple. Flowers in a simple terminal raceme j pedicels about half an inch long, without bracts at the base. Segments of the calyx spathulate, rather obtuse. Petals white, spreading, as long again as the calyx, elliptical, attenu- ated at the base. Stamens longer than the flower; filaments slender, smooth ; anthers roundish. Styles subulate, spread- ing ; stigmas simple. Hab. On shady rocks and on mountains ; not uncommon. May.
Mitre-wort.
298. MITELLA. L.
Calyx 5-cleft, persistent. Petals 5, pinnatifid, in- serted into the calyx. Capsule 1 -celled, 2-valved ; valves equal. Gen. pi. 766. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 285, Juss. p. 309. Lam, III. t 373. f. 1. Nate Ord. Saxifrage^e Juss. liaise Sanifle-,
1 . M. diphylla L. : leaves somewhat lobed, with the lobes acute and dentate; stem erect, with 2 opposite leaves above the middle. Wit Id. S/)ec. II. p. 659. Lam, III. 1. c. Schk. handb. 1. 1. 1 20. (fide Ph. J M i c h. Fl. I. p 270. Pursh Fl.l.^p, 313. M. scapo diph)'llo. C o / Jo Koveh. 96.
Root perennial, creeping. Stem about a foot high, erect, slender, simple, slightly pubescent, with 2 opposite leaves above. Radi- cal leaves on long hairy petioles, cordate, pubescent, doubly and acutely dentate ; stem leaves closely sessile, ovate, acuminate, subtricuspidate. Flonixers smaU, in a Long^ loose terminal ra- ceme or spike ; fiedicels very short. Calyx campanulate ; segments ovate, acute. Petals white, pinnatifid-laciniate, as long again as the calyx, an;l inserted betv/een its teeth. Sta- mens very short ; filaments inserted into the calyx ; anthers subglobose. Styles mir,utei divergent ; stigmas obtuse. Ca^i- sule ovate, half 2-valved. Seeds numerous, roundish.
Hab. On wet rocks along the banks of creeks. May.
2. M. cordifoUa Lam.: leaves orbicular- reniform, cloubly-crenate, with scattered hairs above; scape erect or prostrate, naked, or with a single leaf. Lam. Enc. IV. p. 185. III. t. 373. f. 3. Will d. Spec. II. p. 660. M i c h. Fl. I. p. 270. Pursh F/. 1. p. 314. M. nuda Will d. 1. c. M. reniformis La m. Enc, IV. p. 185 ? III. i. 372. f. 2?
Boot perennial, creeping. Stem slender, pubescent, 6 — 8 inches long, sometimes prostrate, with creeping suckers at the base, naked, or with a subsessile leaf near the middle. Radical leaves rovmdish, on long petioles, sublobed ; the lobes obiusel'-
MiTtiLLA* DECANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 447
crenate-dentate ; upper surface with scattered appressed hairs. Flowers few, pedicellate. Calyx short-campanulate; seg- ments broad, acute. Petals white, as long again as the calyx, pectinate ; the segments horizontal, few, capillaiy. Stamens very short ; anthers roundish. Styles minute, spreading. Hab. On moist rocks. Near Cambridge, New-York. Ste- venson, {'airfield, N. Y. Hu dley. Piitsiield, Massa- chusetts, and in Vermoiit. Eaton. June.
The M. reniformis oi Lain arc k and Pursh is scarcely a distinct species from this, 1 an. informed by Sir J. E. S m i t A, that specimens of M. cordifolia, which I sent him, appear to be of exactly the same species with M. nuda from Siberia, of the Linnaean Herbarium. The latter is a synonym oi Pursh '3 M. reniformis.
299. SAPONARIA. L.
Calyx 1 -leaved, tubulous, 5-toothed, naked at the base. Peto/^ 5, unguiculateo Ca/jWc oblong, 1- celled. Gen. pi 769. Xutt. Gen. 1. p. 286. Juss. p. 302. Lam. l/i.t. 276. Nat. Ord. Caryophylle^ Jii s s. Soup-iuort.
S. officinalis L.: leaves ovate-lanceolate j calyx cylin- dric, smooth. fVill d. Spec. 11. p. 667. S m i t h FL Brit, II. p. 459. Eng. Dot. t. 1060. Pursh FL I. p. 314.
JRoot perennial, branched, extensively creeping. Stem about a foot and a half high, thick, terete, scabrous. Leaves oppo- site, connate, entire, 3-nerved. Panicle terminal, crowded, bracteate. Flowers large. Calyx three-fourths of an inch long, tubular, 5-toothed at the summit. Petals rose-colour 5 crowned at the orifice ; limb obcordate. Cajisule as long as the calyx.
Hab. In waste places, meadows, and along the banks of rivers. Abundant in n.diiy places on the Hudson. June — Septem- ber. Naturalized.
300. DIANTHUS, L,
Calyx 1-leaved, tubular, 5-toothed, \vith about 4 imbricate opposite scales at the base. Petals 5, ungui- culate. Capsule cylindric, 1-celled. Gen. pi 110. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 286. Ju s s. p. 302. Lam. III. t 376. f. 2. Nat. Ord. Caryophylle^ Juss.
Pink.
D. Armcria L. : flowers aggregate, fasciculate; scales of the calyx lanceolate, villous, as long as the tube. JV i II d.
44S DECANDRIA„ DIGYNIA. diantiius
Spec. II. p. 673, Smith Fl. Brit. 1. p. 460. Eng. Bot.
t. 317. Pursh Fl.\.^.Z\^. Big. BosLi^.lOB.
Root annualo Stem about a foot hJgh, pubescent, branched above- Leaves linear-lanceolate, opposite and connate, acute, some- what pubescent; the inferior ones spathulate. Flowers in ter- minal crowded clusters, inodorous. CaUjx slender, with 4 scales at the base. Petals red, with white dots; limb ellipti- cal, crenaie on the margin. Hab. In sandy fields and pine woods. New-Jersey, near Cooper's-Ferry. P ur s h. On rocky hills in Roxbury and Salem, near Boston. Bigelonu. Banks of the Connecti- cut, below Northampton. Porte To July. Probably intro- duced from Europe.
301. SCLERANTHUS. L. Calyx 1 -leaved, 5 -cleft. Corolla 0. Stamens in- serted into the calyx. Capsule 1-seeded, covered by the calyx. Gen. pi. 767. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 286, Ju 5 ^. p. 314. La m. III. t. 374. Five of the sta- mens sometimes abortive or wanting. KnaweL S. annum L.: calyx of the fruit spreading, acute ; stem spreading. Smith Fl. Brit. II. p. 458. iVilld. Spec. II. p. 660. Eng. Bot. t. 351, Pursh FL L i^. 315. Big. Bost. p. 107.
Root annual. Stems numerous, procumbent, dichotomously branched, somewhat pubescent. Leaves opposite, subulate, carinate, scarious and dilated at the base. Flowers in axillary leafy fascicles. Calyx urceolate, green ; segments lanceolate, with the border white and membranaceous, at first spreading, but when in fruit erect. Stamens often but 5, shorter than th© calyx. TlfcB. In sandy fields ; common. July. Introduced^
ORDER III. T R I G Y N I A
302. CUCUBALUS. 304^ STELLARli-
303. SiLENE. 305. Arbnakia.
303. CUCUBALUS. L. Cahjx i-leaved, inflated, 5-toothed. Petals 5, un- giiiciilate, naked at the orifice. Capsule 3 -celled.
cucuBALi'3. DECANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. 44^
Gen. pi. Ill, Nutt. Gen. I. p. 287. Jtiss. p, 202. L a m. III. t. 3 77, Nat. Ord. C a u y o p h y l l e iE Jii s s. Campion,
1. C. Behen L, : smooth and glaucous, decumbent; leaves oblong-oval, acute, nerveless ; calyx membranaceous, with reticulated veins. Will d. Spec. W. t^. Q,^A. Mich. F/. I. p. 271. Pursh Fl.L p. 315. B i g. Bost. p. IIO, SiLENE injlala Smith Fl. J5n7. 11. p. 467. Eng. Bot, t^ 3G4.
Hoot perennial. Siem about a foot and a half high, erect, pani- culately branched, terete. Leaves opposite, ovate-Ianreolate, entire, sometimes pubescent. Panicle dichotomous. Flowers large, nodding. Calyx oblong-campanulate, much inflated, green, tinged with purple ; border with 5 acute teeth. Petals white, spreading ; lamina semibifid. StaJtiens exserted ; an- thers oblong, greenish. Styles fihform, longer than the sta- mens ; stigmas simple, obtuse.
Hab. On rocky hills in the western parts of the State of New- York ; apparently native. PriTice. Near Boston. Bige- low. July. Bladder Cam/don.
2. C. nivcus JV u 1 1, : stem divaricate and dichotomous above ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, minutely and pulverulently pubescent 5 the uppermost ovate ; calyx obtuse, campanu- late, inflated, subpilosc ; petals small, rcflexed, bifid at the extremity ; claws exserted beyond the calvx, nearly naked ; flowers solitary, dichotomal, terminal. jV u 1 1. Gen. I. p. 287, SiLENE iiivea (alba ?) M u h I. Cat. p. 45. (JV* u 1 1.)
Stem slender, nearly smooth. Leaves opposite, about 2 inches long, and half an incli broad, sessile. Flowers remote, soli- tary, dichotomal, each arising from the centre of a pair of leaves ; fieduncles about half an inch long. Calyx somewhat pilose, reticulately veined ; border 5-cleft, with the segments obtuse, and membranaceously margined. Petals white, nearly naked at the orifice, exserted, but narrow; limb reflexed, scarcely half the length of the calyx. Seeds bright brown, subreniform, striate, and transversely rugose. A*« 1 1.
Hab. On an island of the Susquehannah, near Columbia. Muhlenberg, (JVutt.)
Can this be a variety of C. Behen ?
3. C. stdlatus L. ; erect, pubescent; leaves verticillate, in fours, oval-lanceolate, long-acuminate. Willd. Spec. 11- p. 686. Bot. Mas. 1 1 07. M i c h. Z'/. I. p. 27 1 . Purs h /"/.l.p.Slo. E/ZioU SA-. 1. p. 514. SiLENE foliis qua- ternis. Gron. Virg, 50. Drvims foliis quaternis. Cold, yoveb. 106. *
Root perennial. Whole plant pulverulently pubescent. Stem 57
450 DECANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. cccubaluSo
2 — 3 feet high, simple, terete, swollen at the joints. Leaves in remote whorls, sessile, spreading, much acuminate, indis- tinctly nerved. Flowers in a tenninal panicle, subverticillatCi Calyx subcampanulate, not reticulate ; segments acuminate, mucronate. Petals white ; claws as long as the calyx ; limb lacerately fimbriate. Stamens as long as the corolla. Cajisule round-ovate, smooth, opening at the summit. Seeds dark brown, reniform, transversely rugose. Hab. In dry woods and on the sides of hills ; not rare. July—" August.
303. SiLEKi:. L
Catyx 1 -leaved, tubular or conic, 5-toothed. Petals 5, unguiculate, mosdy crowned at the orifice. Cap- sule 3-celled, 6-toothcd, many-seeded. Gen. pi. 772. Nil 1 1. Gen. I. p. 289. Ju s s. p. 302. Lam. Ill \, 377. f. 2. Nat. Ord. CARYOPHYLLEyE Juss.
Catch-Jiy,
1. S. pennsyhanka Mich.: viscidly pubescent ; radi- cal leaves cuneate ; slem leaves lanceolate ; panitles tricho- tomous ; petals very obtuse, slightly emarginate, subcrenate, j»/ ic A. /^/. I. p. 272. Pwrs/i i^/. I. p. 316. Big.Bost: p. 110. Elliott Sk. I. ^. b\5. S.virginicaL.? Willd. Spec. II. p. 702. excl. syn. P luk. S. caroliniana Walt. Car. p. 142.
Root large, fusiform, branched, perennial. Stems numerous, cespitose, 8 — 12 inches high. Radical leaves numerous, 3 — 4 inches long, obcuneate-lanceolate, acute; stem leaves few, opposite, linear-lanceolate. Flowers in terminal trichotomous panicles. Calyx slightly veMricose above, purplish, very vis- cid ; border of 5 erect obtuse teeth. Fe/c/* bright purple j claws as long as the calyx, with a 2-lobed appendage on the inside at the summit, forming the crown ; limb expanding, obovate. Stamens longer than the calyx ; ^/awenrs slender; 5 of them inserted h)to the base of the petals ; the others al- ternating with them. Germen stipitate, oblong, obtuse. Styles filiform. Capsule cylindrical-oblong.
Hab. On rocks and in dry sandy woods. May — June. Wild-pin k\
2, S. virginica M i c h. : erect or decumbent, viscidly- pubescent ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, scabrous on the mar- p;in ; panicle dichotomous ; petals bifid ; stamens exserted. Mich. Fl.l.p.^Ti. PwrsA F/. I. p. 316. Elliott Sk^]. p. 316. S. Catcsbxi Walt. Car. p. 141. Willd, Spec. H- p. 706, Catesb. Car. II. t. 64. P luk. Ainu t. 203. f. 1 .
EiLENB. DECANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. 451
Root perennial, creeping. Stem mostly erect, simple, about a foot high, pubescent. Radical leaves oblong-spathulatc ; pe- tioles villous ; stem leaves lanceolate. Panicle dichotomous, few-flowered. Calyx subventricose above, with the teeth a little sprea,ding. Petals crimson, deeply 2 -cleft, much longer than the calyx. Stamens unequal, exserled.
Hab. In Pennsylvania. Mu hleJiberg. June. This spe- cies abounds in the Southern and Western States. Elliott remarks, that it varies with the lobes of the petals entire and divided. In all my specimens the lobes are bifid.
3. S. antirrhina L, : leaves lanceolate, minutely ciliate ; panicles trichotomous ; calyx ovate ; petals small, bifid ; sta- mens included. fVilid, Spec. II. p. 316. Pursh Fl.l. p. 316. Elliott Sk. I. ip^ 517. Walt. Car. p. 141. Gron. Virg. 50, P luk. Aim. 23\. t. '203. {. 1. Dill. Elth. t. 313. f. 403.
Raot annual. Stetn 1— -2 feet high, erect, terete, slender, pu- bescent below, dichotoraous at the summit. Radical leaves spathulate-lanceolate ; stem leaves linear-lanceolate. Floivera on long peduncles, in terminal trichotomous panicles. Calyx smooth, ovate, green, IQ-nerved, with 5 short acute teeth at the summit. Petals expanding in the evening, or in moist weather, a little longer than the calyx, slightly crowned, some- times wanting ; limb white, or with a tinge of purple, notched at the extremity. Stamens a Uttle shorter than the calyx. Cafisule ovate, opening at the summit by 6 teeth. Seeds very numerous, subreniform, scabrous.
Hab. Qn dry hills and on the banks of riverso June.
4. S. noctuma L.: flowers spiked, alternate, sessile, se- cund ; petals bifid. IFilld. S/?fc. U. p. 692. Pursh Fl. I. p. 316, Dill. El'lh. 420. t. 310. f. 400.
Root annual. Inferior leaves obovate, concave, rigid. Flowers 'sessile, alternate. Petals white, bifid, rather large, greenish beneath, not red after flowering. L i n.
Hab. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. Nazareth, Penn. Schiv einit z.
Resembles Cucubalus rejlexusy but the stem is more branched and taller, and the petals are spreading beyond the calyx. L i n. This species is said, to be also a nativo of Spain an«l the south of France.
304. STELLARIA. L.
'Calyx 5-leaved. Petak 5, deeply cleft. Capsule 1-celled, opening with 6 teeth, many-seeded. Gen. pi. 773. .Vu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 289. Ju s s. p. 301.
452 DECANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. stellaria.
Lam. III. t. 378. Nat. Orel. Caryophylle^ Ju s s. Stitchwort.
1. S, pubera Mich.: pubescent; stem decumbent; leaves ovate-oblong, sessile, acute, subciliate, somewhat un- dulate; pedicels dichotomal, recurved; petals longer thaw thecalyx. Mich. Fl. I. \>. 273. P « r s A F/. I. p. 317. Elliott Sk.Lip. 517. Xutt. Gen. I. p. 289.
Root perennial. S(e?n 6 — 10 inches long, diffuse, dichotomous, with 2 opposite pubescent lines. Leaves an inch and a half or 2 inches long, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, acute at each end, more or less undulate; margin and midrib pubescent. Flowers large, axillary, and terminal; fiedicels filiform, hairy, recurved or'deflexed. Calyx pubescent; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, spreading, rather obtuse, obscurely nerved. Petals white, deeply bifid, expanding ; segments linear-oblong. Capsule roundish-ovate. Seeds 3 — 4, large, cochleate,muricate, brown.
IIab. On shady rocks near the Fails of the Schuylkill, in the vicinity of P<-iiladelphia. May — June.
2. S. media Smith: stems procumbent, with an alter- nate pubescent lateral Ime; leaves ovate, smooth; petals 2-p>r1e.l; stamens 5 — 10. Smith FL Brit. II. p. 473. Enir. Hot. t. 57.3. P nrsh FL i. p. 317. Big. Bost. p. lOi^. Alsine media L. Sp. pi. 389.
Root annual. Stem often a foot or more in length, prostrate^ much branched, weak, with an alternate Irairy line between each joint. Leaves peliolate, opposite, acute ; petioles ciliate. Perfwndes axdiary and terminal, solitary, 1 -flowered. Calyx hairy, with lanceolate leaflets. Petals ahorter than the calyx, cleft nearly to the base. Stamens mostly 5, sometimes 10, or S. Cafisule ovate. Seeds roundish, compressed, nearly even.
Hab. In cultivated grounds, on road sides, Sec Flowers from March to December. Common Chickiveed.
3. S. longifolia M uhl.: very smooth ; stem erect, quad- rangular, weak ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; panicle terminal ; peduncles divaricate, very long, bracteate ; petals broad-obo- vate, 2-parted, longer than the acute 3-nerved calyx; styles 3_4, Mnhl. Cat. p. 46. Eat. Man. Bot. ed. 2. p. 45. S. longipes G oldie in Edin. Phil. Mag. Vi. p. 327. S. graminea Big. Bost, p. 110. Si'ERGulastrum grammeum jVf ic A. i^/. I. p. 276. MiCROFET ALU n grammeum Pers, Byn. I. p. 509. P u r s h FL I. p. 320,
Root perennial. Stem a foot or more high, very weak and slen- der, acutely quadrangular, dichotomous. Leaves an inch and a half or 2 inches long, scarcely more than aline broad, acute. Pariicle large, loose; fiedicel filllorm, much spreading, and when old rellexcd. Calyx smooth ; leaflets ovate-lanccoliUe,
RTELLARiA. DECANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. 453
acute, indistinctly 3-nerved. Petals cleft about half way down, at first shorter than the calyx, but at lene;th one-third longer. Stamens 8 — 10. Styles very often 4. Ca/isule ovate. Hab. In bog meadows and wet woods. June.
This species is nearly allied to S. graminca of Europe, of which it may be only a variety. I entirely agree with Mr. Nut tall that the genus MiCROPETALUM is founded on too trifling characters to be separated from Stell\ria, to which I have accordingly united it. The petals in the former, though sometimes very minute, are, in two at least, of Mi chau x''s species, as long, or longer, than the calyx.
4. S. lanceolata* : very smooth, procumbent, or ascend- ing ; leaves lanceolate, acute at each end ; petals about as long as the calyx ; stigmas mostly 4, or wanting. M^CROPE- TALUM lanceolaium P e r s. Si/n. I. p. 509. P ur s h FL I. p. 320. Spergulastrum lanceolaium Mich. FL f. p. 275. Arenaria s. Stellaria (anonyma.) Big. in Jitw-Eng. Med. Jour. V. p. 334,
Root perennial. Stem diffuse, branched, 6 — 8 inches long, very smooth. Leaves an inch or an inch and a half long, a little scabrous on the margin. Flowers axillary and terminal, soli- tary, on long slender peduncles. Leaflets of the calyx lanceo- late, acute, nerveless. Petals sometimes wanting, at first mucli shorter than the calyx, but afterwards increasing in length, bifid. Stamens 8 — 10. Styles generally 4, but often 3, and rarely 5. Ca/isule ovate.
Hab. In mountain bogs. On the Catskill Mountains. Kn c- vels. Cambridge, New-York. Stevenson. Williams- town, Massachusetts. Dewey. On the White Hills of New- Hampshire. Bige lotv, 8cc. June.
This species much resembles S. /lalustris of Europe.
305. ARENARIA. L.
Calyx 5-leave(l. Petals 5, undivided. Capsule 1-celled, many-seeded. Gen. pi. 774. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 291. Ju s s. p. 301. L a m. 111. t. 378. f. 2. Nat. Ord. Caryophylle^/w^^. Sandwort.
* Leaves without stipules at the base.
I. A. peploides L. : stem dichotomotis ; leaves ovate, acute, fleshy; calyx obtuse. W i 1 1 d. Spec. II. p. 71G. Smil h FL Brit. II. p. 477. Eag. Bot. t. 189. GmeL /"/. Si"6. IV. p. IGO. t. G4. Pursh F/. I.p.317.
Root long, creeping, perennial. Stem decumbent, 8 — 12 inches long, branched, angular, very smooth, thick ; branches erect.
454 DECANDRIA. TRIGYN!A. arenabia,
Leaves an inch long, decussate, fleshy, shining, spreading; margin with a minute eroded cartilaginous border. Flowers subsolitary, axillary, on very short fiedicels. Leaflets of the calyx ovate, obtuse, concave, scarious on the margin. Petals oborate-spathulate, entire, or slightly emarginate, about as long as the calyx. Stamens 10 — ll,wit]i a small gland between each 2 at the base ; filaments shorter than the petals; anthers oblong. Styles 5, (3 in the lower flowers,) short. Cafisule subglobose, 3 — 5-angIed, 1 -celled, many-seeded. Seeds nu- merous, black. Hab. On the sea-coast of Long-Island. Long-Branch, New- Jersey. Coofier. Newburyport, Massachusetts. Gushing.
2. A. lateriflora L, : stem filiform, simple, or branched, pubescent ; leaves ovate, subtriply-nerved ; peduncle lateral, solitary, elongated, bifid ; one of the pedicels vi^ith 2 oppo- site bracts near the middle; corolla longer than the calyxo Willd, Spec. II. p. 718. Gmel. FL Sib. IV. p. 718: Pursk Fl. hip. 317, Big. Bost.ip, 109. Goodie in, Edin. Phil. Jour. VI. p. 327.
Root perennial. Stem 5 — 8 inches high, often simple, but fre- quently branched. Leaves sessile, three-fourths of an inch long, pale green, punctate; margin and midrib ciliate-pubes- cent. Peduncle filiform, axillary near the summit of the stem, bifurcate, bracteate at the division. Leaflets of the calyx ovate- oblong, obtuse, smooth. Petals white, oblong, twice as long as the calyx, obtuse. Stamens 10; filament^s pubescent. Ca/r= sule ovate.
Hab. In bog meadows. Not uncommon in the vicinity of New- York. Cambridge, N. Y. Stevenson. Near Boston, Bigelow. Plainfield, Massachusetts. Porter. Common in the mountains of Pennsylvania. Mutt all. June.
3. A. serpyllifolia L. : stem dicholomous, diffuse ; leaves ovate, acute, subciliatc ; calyx hairy ; exterior leaflets 5-nbbed. Willd. Spec. II. p. 720. Smith Fl. Brit, II. p. 479. Eng, Bot. t. 923. M i c h. Fl. I. p. 274. Pursh Fl. I, p. 316. Elliott Sk. L p. 518.
Boot annual. Stem mostly procumbent, 3—8 inches long, mnch branched, minutely and retrorsely pubescent. Leaves scarcely one-fourth of an inch long, closely sessile, scabrous, nerved, subacuminate. Flowers solitary, axillary and terminal, on pedicels about half an inch long. Leaflets of the calyx lan- ceolate, acuminate ; the exterior broader, and 3— 5-nerved. Petals oval, about as long as the calyx. Stamejis rather shorter than the petals. Cafisule ovate, 6-toothed at the summit.
Hab. In sandy fields and cultivated grounds. May—July.
4. A. squarrosa Mich.: cespitose; inferior leaver squarrose-imbricate, canaliculate, pungent; stem simple, few-
AREjTARiAo DECANDRIA. TRIGYNIA* 455
leaved; flowers few, terminal, erect; petals. much longer than the roundish calyx. J\I i c h. FL 1. p. 273. Ptirsh F/. I. p. 316. Elliott Sk, I. p. 520. A. caroliniana Walt. Car. p. 141.
Hoot very long, perennial. Siems densely ccspitose, with nume- rous short leafy branches; flowering branches about 6 inches long, quits simple, pubescent. Leaves subulate, rigid ; the inferior ones much crowded, and imbricate somewhat in 4 rows. Flowers about 3 on each stem, which is trichotbmously divided at the summit into 3 peduncles. Leaflets of the catya; roundish-ovate, smooth. Paala oblong, nearly three times as long as the calyx. Stamens 10^ Jila?iienis slender, smooth. Ca/i8ule roundish-ovate.
Hab. In the pine barrens of New- Jersey ; abundant in Mon- mouth county. May — August.
5. A. glabra Mich.: very smooth; stems numerous, erect, filiform ; leaves subulate- linear, flat, spreading; pedi- cels I -flowered, elongated, divaricate; leaflets of the calyx oval, obtuse, smooth, shorter than the petals. M i c h, FL 1. p. 274. PursA i^/. I, p. 318. ElliottSk,\.^,b20, Stellaria unifora IValt^ Car. p. 141 ?
Root perennial. Stems numerous from one root, 4 — 6 inches high, very slender. Leaves in remote pairs, linear, half an inch or more in length, not rigid. Pedicels fifiform, proceed- ing from the summit of the stem, spreading. Leaflets of the calyx roundish, discoloured on the margin. Petals obovate, as long again as the calyx, slightly emarginate,
Hab. In crevices of rocks on the summit of the Shawangunk Mountains, New -York. June. On the White Hills of New- Hampshire. Boott. August.
6. A. stricta M i c h. : smooth ; stems numerous, filiform, simple ; leaves subulate-linear, subfasciculate, spreading; pa- nicle few-flowered, spreading ; leaflets of the calyx ovate- aicute, conspicuously 3-nerved, half as long as the petals. Jlf icA. F/. I. p. 274.> P«rs/i i'/. I. p. 318. Elliott SLI.^. 521.
Root perennial. Stems numerous from one root, erect, 6 — 12 inches high ; joints approximate. Leaves nearly an inch long, rather rigid, very narrow and acute, with several shorter ones in the axils, and thus appearing fasciculate. Panicle spread- ing and filiform, trichotomous. Cali/jc smooth ; leaflets very acute, with 3 prominent nerves. Petals oblong, twice as long as the calyx. Capsule ovate.
Hab. On mountains near Deerfield, Massachusetts. Coo ley and Hitchcock. On the White Hills of New-Hampshire. Bigelotv, Easton, Pennsylvania. Schvj einit z. May- June.
456 DECANDRIA. TIUGYNIA. arenaria
* * Leaves toith sti/iules at the base.
7. A. rubra L. : stems prostrate; leaves narrow-linear, acute, flat, somewhat fleshy, mucronate; stipules sheathing, ovale, cleft ; capsule as long as the calyx ; seeds compressed, angular, roughish. Willd. S/}et% II. p, 721. Smith FL Brit, II. p. 749. Hook. Fl. Scot, part I. p. 138. Eng, Bot. I. 852. B ig. Bost. p. 108.
Root annual. Stc7n spreading, terete, smooth. Leaves an inch long, terminating in a short point. Stifiules below the leavesj amplexicaul, scarious, entire or divided. Peduncles axillary towards the extremity of the branches. Calyx viscid-pubes- cent; leaflets ovate-oblong. Petals red, ovate, rather shorter than the calyx. Stamens 5 — 10. Capsule ow&ie, as long as the calyx.
Hab. In sandy fields. Near New-Haven. Ive's. Near Boston. Bigelowj &c.
jS. marina L. : leaves semicylindrical, fleshy, awnless; capsule longer than the calyx. Willd. Spec. II. p. 722. A. marine Smit h Fl. Brit. II. p. 480 ? B ig. Bost. p. 109. A. rubra 0. Mich. Fl. I. p- 274. A. canadensis Pers. Syn.l.p.504. Pw r 5 A F/. I. p. 319. E Hi o 1 1 Sk. 1. ^, 519. G ron. Virg. 161.
Root annual and biennial. Stems procumbent and assurgentj smooth, 3 — 8 inches long. Leaves longer than the internodesj simple at the lip. Sti/iules amplexicaul, lacerate, scarious. Peduncles axillary towards the summit of the stem, viscid- pubescent. Calyx pubescent ; leaflets ovate-oblong, obtuse. Petals dark rose-colour, ovate, as long as the calyx. Stamens 3 — 10, Ca/isule about one-third longer than the calyx. Seeds roundish, compressed, nearly smooth.
PIae. In salt marshes. Common in the vicinity of New- York, and probably along the whole coast of North- America. Br. Jiarrat i has found it as far up the Hudson as Haverstravf Bay. May — November.
The common variety of our salt marshes appears to be nothing more than A. rubra, altered by its maritime situation. I never could distinguish the remarkable difference in the seed, mentioned by Smith, and therefore suspect the A. riaritwia of tiiis discriminating Botanist to be distinct frora.ou? var, ji.
spBRouLA. DECANDRIA. PENTAGYNIA. 457
ORDER IV. PENTAGYNIA.
30G. Spergula* 309. Oxalis.
307. Cerastium. 310. Penthorum,
303. Agrostemma. 311. Sedum.
30G. SPERGULA. L.
Calyx 5-leaved. Petals 5, undivided. Capsule ovate, 5-celled, 5-vaived. Gen. pi. 796. Nu t U Gen. I. p. 200. Juss, p. 301. Lam, III. t. 392. f. 2. Nat. Ord. Caryophylle^ Ju s s. Spurrey.
1 . S. arverisis L. : leaves verticillate ; panicle dichoto- mous ; peduncles of the fruit reflexed. Willd. Spec. !I. p. 818. Smith Fl. Brit. II, p. 502. Eng. Bot. t. Ia35. Pursh FLU p, 320. B i g. Bost. p, lU. Elliott Sk, I. p. 523. fValt.Car.p.2U.
Root annual. Stem 6—10 inches high, assurgcnt, smooth, terete, swelling; at the joints. Leaves fihfurm, in whorls of 8 — 10, shorter than the internodes. Panicle few-flowered ; fiedunclea abruptly deflexed after flowcririg. Leaflets of the ca/yx ovate, acute. Petals white, rather longer than the calyx. Stamens 10. Capsule ovate. Seeds subglobose, somewhat hispid, with a narrow circular margin, brown ; " margin of the seed very- variable in breadth." Ho o k er.
Hab. In sandy fields and cultivated grounds ; not uncommon. June — August. Introduced from Europe. Corn Sfiurrey. The S. fientandra is supposed by Hooker to be but a variety of this species.
2. S. suginoides L. : glabrous ; leaves opposite, subulate, awnless ; peduncles solitary, very long, smooth. JFilld, Spec. If. p. 818. Smitk'Fl. Brit. II. p. 504.. Eng. Bot. t. 2105. Mich. Fl. \.p.21G. P ur s h FL\. p. 320. S. decumhms Elliott 5'A:. I. p. 523. S. nodosa IV alt. Car. p. 241.
Root annual. Stem decumbent, branching, 2-w3 inches long, 58
46S DECANDRIA. PENTAGYNIA, 3ii.rg-ula.
g'cnder. Leaves very narrow, spreading, simple at the tip, atuie. Peduncles axillary and terminal, nearly an inch long. Flowers erect. Calyx as long as the corolla ; leaflets ovate, scarious on the margin. Feials white, oblong, obtuse. Sta- •niena sometirries 5. Styles very short. Ca/iaule half as long again as the calyx. Seeds minute, subreniform, slightly sca- brous, IIab. In sandy fields and upon rocks. New-Jersey. JVuttaU- In Delaware. Muhlenberg.
307. CERASTIUM. t.
Calyx 5-lcaved. Petals 5, bifid or eniarginatCy Cc/?jw/<? J -celled, bursting at the summit with 10 teeth, Gcn,pL'i91. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 291. J u s s. p, 301. L a nu III. U 392. Nat. Ord. Gary opHYLLEic Juss. Mouse- ear Chickweed.
* Pttals not exceeding the calyx in length.
1. C vulgalum L. : hairy and viacid, cespitose, suberect; leaves ovate; flowers subcapitate, longer than their pedicels. Willd. Spec. 11. p. 811. Smilh FU Brit. 11. p. 496. Eng. Dot. t. 7Ca. Pursh Fl. I. p. 320. Big. Bost. p. 111. Elliott Sk. I. p. 521.
Root annual. Whole plant pale green, and when young viscidly pubescent. Stems numerous, about 6 inches high, a little spreading, terete. Leaves opposite, broad-ovate, closely ses- sile, obtuse. Flowers in subcapitate clusters from the forks of the stem. Leaflets of the calyx lanceolate, acute. Petals oblong, emarginate, scarcely longer than the calyx. Stamens 10. Ca/isule cylindrical, a little incurved, as long again as the calyx.
Hab. In fields and on dry hills. May—September. TnUo- duced.
'2. C. viscosum L. : hairy and viscid, ppreading; leaves oblong-lanceolate ; flowers somewhat panicled, ehorter than their pedicels. Willd. Spec. II. p. y 12. Smith Fl. Brit. II. p. 497. Eng. Bot. t. 790. Pursh Fl. I. p. 320.
Root perennial. Whole plant deeper green than ilie preceding, rarely viscid. Sterns numerous, spreading, 6 — 12 inches high, dichotombusly paniculate above. Leaves rather obtuse, about three-fourths of an inch long, and 2 — 3 lines broad. Flotvers from the divisions of the stem, shorter than their pedicels, espe- cially when in fruit. Leaflets of the calyx oblong-lanceolate, scarious on the margin. Percys rb^^ute, a little loiiger than
cERASTivM. DECANDRIA. PENTAGYNIA. 459
tlie calyx, bifid at the extremity. Stamens 10, Cafisule cy- lindrical, somewhat incurved, twice as \on^ as the calyx. Had. In fields and on road sides. May — September. Intro- duced.
3. C. s €7711 decand nan L. : hairy and viscid, suberect : leaves oblong-ovate ; flowers somewhat panicled, shorter than their pedicels ; stamens 5 ; petals slightly notched. fV il I d. Spec. 11. p. 812. SrTiith Fl. Brit. !I. p. 497. Erig. Dot. t. 1G30. PurshFl.\.ip.32\. M uh I. Cat. j>. 47.
Root annual. Stems nun;erous, viscid above, decumbent at the base, assurgent. Lower leaves often smooth. Petals generally shorter than the calyx.
Hab. On dry barren and sunny hills. Pennsylvania to Virgi- nia. Pvrsh.
This species strongly resembles the preceding, of which Hooker is inclined to think it a variety.
4. C. hirsutuin J\I %i h L : very hairy, diffuse ; leaves obtuse, connate ; flowers clustered ; petals 2-cleft, a little longer than the acute calyx. J\I ii h I. Cat. p. 47. Elliott Sk. I. p. 524. C. sernidecandruTn fV alt. Car. p. 241.
Root annual. Whole plant exceedingly hairy. Sta^.s numer- ous, spreading, terete. Leaves somewhat obovate, rounded at the extremity, about half an inch long ; the upper pairs re- mote. Fluwers in dense clusters. Leaflets of the calyx lan- ceolate, acuminate. Petals oblong, bifid at the extremity. Stamens 10, alternately longer. Cafisule cylindrical, straight, twice as long as the calyx, slightly nerved, with 10 subulate teeth at the extremity. Seeds obovate, muricate.
Hab. In New-York and Delaware. iVftf hlenber g.
The above description was taken from southern specimens, obligingly communicated to me by Mr. Elliott.
* * Petals longer than the calyx.
5. C. -nutans R af. : viscid and pubescent ; stems erect, siraight, deeply striate ; leaves elongated, distant, linear-ob- long, acute ; petals oblong, bitid at the tip, longer than the calyx : peduncles at length much longer than the flowe?-s. R af.' precis dts dtcouv.p. 36. Cat. pi. New-York, p. 44. C. glutinosum N- u 1 1. Gen. I. p. 291. P. longe-peduncnla- turn Muhl, Cat. p. 47. P. pubesceris Goldtc in E din. Phil. J\Jag. IV. p. 387.
Root annual. Whole plant of a pale green colour, and covered with a soft pubescence. Seems numerous from one root, erect, 8— 12 inches high, very viscid; internodes much longer than the leaves. Radical leaves subspathulate, 2 inches long ; stem leaves rather amplcxicaul, an inch or more in length. Plowcm
460 DECANDRIA. PENTAGYNIA, cerastium,
terminal, in a loose dichotomous panicle ; fiediceh at length elongated and deflexed. Leaflets of the calyx oblong, scari- ous on the margin. Petals oblong, nearly as long again as the calyx. Stamens \0. Styles 5, \cvy s\\ov\.; s^/^-mas glandular. Cafisule three-times as long as the calyx, oblong-cylindric, in- curved, 10-nerved, with 10 acuminate teeth at the summit. Hab. On rocky hills and on mountains. Canada to Pennsylva= nia. June.
S. C oblongifolium*: cespitose, pubescent ; stems erect, terete, even ; leaves lanceolate-oblons;, rather acute, shorter than the joints ; flowers terminal, shorter than their pedicels; petals obovate, bifid at the tip, twice the length of the calyx. T orrey in Sill. Jour. IV. p. 63. C. bracteatum R af. precis des decouv, p. 36 .''
JRoot perennial, creeping. Stems numerous from one root, about 8 inches high, simple, terete, not striate, retrorsely pubescent. FLotvcrs terminal, few, in a dichotomous panicle ; fiedicels erect, bracteate at the base. Leaflets of the caly:x: ovate-ob- long, obtuse, scarious on the margin. Petals cleft about one- third of the way down. Stamens 10 ; 5 of them a little longer.
Hab. On mountains in Massachusetts. Dewey. June.
This species is intermediate between the preceding and C. arvense. From the former it diff"ers in being perennial, and from the latter in its much broader leaves. It was first dis- covered by Prof. Douglass, of West Point; near San- dusky Bay, Lake Erie.
7- C. tennifolium Ph, : pubescent, cespitose ; leaves narrow- linear, longer than the internodes ; stems short, 3- flowered at the summit ; petals obovate, emarginate, three times as long as the calyx. Pursh Fl. I. p. 321.
Root perennial, creeping. Stems numerous from one root, erectj simple, terete, even, minutely pubescent. Leaves an inch or more in length, and scarcely more than a line bread, a little callous at the tip; the inferior subfasciculate. Flowers on long peduncles, irenerally 3 from the summit of each stem. Leaflets of the calyx obloi.g-lanceolate, acute. Petals slightly cleft at the extren.ity. Stamens 10. Cafisule cylindrical, as long as the calyx, 10-tootiied at the summit.
Hab On mountains and rocky banks. New-England to Penn- sylvania. June.
This species is undoubtedly a native. It much resembles C. arvense, but has longer and narrower leaves, and also longer petals.
308, AGROSTEMMA. L. Calyx 1-leaved, tubulous, coriaceous, 5-cleft. Pe- tals 5, unguiculate ; limb obtuse, undivided. Capsule
A6R0STEMMA. DECANDRIA. PENTAGYNIA. 4GI
1-celled, opening with 5 teeth. Gen. pi 795. Nn t ^ Gen. I. p. 291. Ju s s. p. 302. L a m. ///. t. 388. Nat. Ord. Caryophylle^ Ju s s. Corn-cockle.
A. Githago L. : hairy ; calyx much longer than the co- rolla ; petals entire, without a crown. W i U <l. Spec. II. p. 805. Smith Fl. Brit. I(. p. 493. £n?. Bot. t. 576. Pursh Fl. I. p. 32K
Root annual. Whole plant of a pale green colour, covered with appressed hairs, about 2 feet high, a little branched above. Leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, 3 — 4 inches long, cijiate with long loose hairs. Flovjers solitary, terminal, large. Cahjx elliptical, l6-ribbed, with 5 very long linear-lanceolate spread- ing teeth. Petals purple, half as long as the calyx, with the orifice naked ; limb obcordate.
Hab. In corn fields. June — July. Introduced.
309. OXALIS. L.
Calyx 5-parted, persistent. Petals 5, slightly con nected at the claws. Capsule pentangular, 5-celled, bursting at the angles ; cells 2, or many-seeded. Seeds covered with an elastic arillus. Gen. pi. 79 1. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 292. .Tuss. p. 270. Lam. III. t. 391. Nat. Ord. Oxalide^e R. Brown. Gerantaceis affinis Juss, I rood-sorrel.
* Stemless.
1. O. /Icetosella L,: stemless; scape 1-flowcjcd, longer than the leaves; leaves ternate, dilated-obcordate, pilose ; styles as long as the interior stamens ; root dentate. fVi 1 1 d. Spec. II. p. 780. Smith Fl. Brit. II. p. 49 1 . En^. Bot. t. 762. M i c h. Fl' II. p. 38. Purs h Fl. I. p. 322.
Hooe horizontal, squamose dentate. Leaves all radical, on pe- tioles 2 — 4 inches long; leaflets broadly obcordate, with the lobes rounded, sprinkled with hairs on both sides, often of a purplish colour beneath. Scafie slender, with 2 minute liracts above the middle, terminated with a large nodding flower Calyx 5-parted to the base ; segments lanceolate. Petals expanding, obovate, with red veins, yellow at the base. 5^^- 7nens somewhat monadelphous, alternately shorter ; f laments smooth; awfAers small, oval, 2-celled. Styles j, as long as the stamens, erect; stigmas bifid at the extremity. Cafisult- rostrate ; valves cohering by the axis; cells 2-sec(lcd. Seeds suspended, ejected from the capsule by the rnpnire of the clastic arillus.
462 DECANDRIA. PENTAGYNIA. oxalis.
Hab, On mountains ; also in woods in the most northern parts of the United States. On the Catskill Mountains. Kn eve Is and Rafinea que. Near Albany, New-York. On the White Hills of New-Hampshire. Bigelono. June.
2. Oo violacea L. : stemless ; scape umbelliferous ; flowers nodding ; leaves ternate, obcordate, smooth; segments of the calyx callous at the tip ; styles shorter than the exte- rior stamens; root squamose. Willd. Spec. II. p. 786. J acq. Oxal. p. 35. t. 80. f. 2. Ejusd. Hort. II. t. 180. (iesiQ Willd.) Mich. FLU. ^.39. PurshFl.l.^. 322. Elliott Sk. I. p. 525. IV a It. Can p. 143. G ron. Virg. ICl.
Root roundish, consisting of thick ovate imbricate scales, which are 3-ribbed,and ciliate on the margin. Leaves on petioles 3 — 4 inches long; leaflets broadly obcordate, punctate, slightly hairy. Scafie about 6 inches high, naked and smooth, bearing a terminal umbel of about 4 flowers. Segments of the calyx connivent, each with a callous orange-colour tip. Petals vio« let, obovate. Stamens unequal ; filaments hairy ; anthers ob= long. Style shorter than the stamens, spreading ; stigma ca° pitate, 2-lobed.
Hab. In rocky woods, on the sides of hills ; rare. April — June..
* "^ Caulescent.
3. O. corniculata L. : pubescent ; stem prostrate ; leaves ternate-obcordate ; umbels as long as the petioles ; petals obovate, slightly emarginate; styles as long as the interior stamens. Willd. S)jec. II. p. 800. J acq. Oxa/. p. 30. t. 5. Smith Fl. Brit. II. p. 492. Eng. Bot. 1726. Pvrsh Fl. I. p. 322. Elliott SA:. I. p. 525. O. corniculaia /S, Mich, Fl. II. p. 39.
Root annual. Stem branched, diffuse or pi'ocumbent, hairy, 6 — 3 inches long. Inferior leaves alternate ; upper ones fascicu- late, on long petioles ; leaflets obcordate, hairy beneath. Um- bels on peduncles nearly as long as the petioles, 2 — 4-flowered.. Flowers small. Segments of the calyx lanceolate, obtuse. Fetals yellow, about twice as long as the calyx. Stamens un- equal; the shorter ones as long as the calyx. S/y/es spreading.
Hab. In cultivated grounds and in dry woods. May— Sep- tember.
4.0. strlcta J acq.: hairy; stem erect, branched; leaves ternate, obcordate ; umbels longer than the petioles ; petals obovate, entire ; styles as long as the interior stamens. Will d. Spec. II. p. 800. J acq. Oxal. p. 2-9. t. 4, Mic h, Fl. II. p. 39, Purs h FL I. p. 323. E I Hot I Sk, I. p. 526. Wait. Car. p. 143,
Root perennial, fibrous, creeping. Stem usually erect, surne-
©xALis. DECANDRIA. PEl^TAGYNIA. 46^
times diffuse, 4 — 10 inches high. Leaves deeply obcordate, hairy on the margin and under surface. l/mAf/« axillary, about 4-flo\vered. Petals sometimes eroded, twice as long as the calyx. Styles spreading, short, hairy; stigmas simple. Hab. Ill sandy fields and cultivated grounds. May — August.
310. PENTHORUM. L.
Calyx 5— 10-cleft. Petals 5 or 0. Capsule 5-pointed, 5-celltcl ; cells dividing transversely, manv-seeded. Gen. pi. 190, jY u 1 1. Gen. \. \^. 292. 'Juss. p. 308. Lam. III. t. 390. f. 2. Nat. Ord. Semper- Viv^E Juss. Firginmn Stone-crop^
P. sedoides L. : stem branched, angular above ; leaves lanceolate, subsessile, unequally serrate ; spikes simple, se- cuiid, recurved, paniculate ; seeds elliptical. fV i lid. Spec, II. p. 770. M i c L FL I. p. 24 1 . Pursh Fl. I. p. 323. Big, Bo?t.^.\\\. Elliott Sk.l.^.blZ. Walt. Car. p,241. G r on. Virg. 51. A c t. Ups. \1U.^. 11. i. 2.
Root perennial. Stem a foot or 18 inches high, erect, branched, terete below, angular above, smooth, except on the angles. Leaves alternate, on short petioles, 4 — 6 inches long, and about an inch broad, very smooth, acutely and somewhat doubly serrate. Flowers in terminal racemes or spikes, which are paniculate or cymose ; ficdiuicles and pedicels pubescent. Calyx spreading ; segments ovate, acute, denticulate. Petals generally wanting. Stamens exserted ; Jilaments subulate, smooth, inserted at the base of the germen; anthers terminal, ovate, 2-ce!led, red. Styles very short, spreading, persistent; stigmas simple. Cafisule 5-celled, superior, appearing like 5 united follicles. Seeds very numerous, elliptical, acute at one end, transversely accumulated, scabrous.
Hab. In ditches and overflowed places. July — August.
311. SEDUM. L.
Calyx 5-deft. Petals 5. Capsules 5, with a necta- riferous scale at the base of each. Gen. pi 789. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 292. Juss. p. 307. Lain. III. t. 390. Nat. Ord. SEMPERViViE ./«^.y. Stone-crop.
1. S. ttrnalum Mi c h. : creeping; leaves flat, rounded- spathulate, ternate ; cymes mostly S-spilced ; terminal flowers decandrous; the rest octandrous. Mich. Fl. I. p. 277. Pursh Fl. I. p. 324. Elliott Sk. I. p. 529. S. por- tulaccoides Muhl. Caf. p. 46. S. saxatilis, floribus albij, fcc. Gron. ViVg. 891.
464 DECANDRIA. PENTAGYNIA. sedum.
Hoot perennial. Stem 4—6 inches long, a little angular, slightly scabrous. Leaves about an inch long, broadly obovate, abruptly narrowed at the base, very entire ; tipper leaves narrower. Flowers in a terniinal cyme of about 3 spreading spikes, se- «:und. Segments of the calyx linear-oblong, obtuse, glandu- lar-punctate. Petals white, twice as long as the calyx, linear- lanccolatc. Stamens shorter than the petals; Jilamenta smooth, dilated at the base ; anthers dark coloured, sagittatej obtuse. Stifles attenuate.
Hab. On rocks in the western parts of Pennsylvania. P ursh, Muhlenberg. May.
2. S. telephioides Mich. : leaves broad, flat, ovate, acute at each end; corymbs manj-flowered. Mich, F/. I. p. 227. PurshFL\.^.224. EIlio 1 1 Sk. 1. }p. 5^9.
Root somewhat tuberous, thick. Stem about a foot high, erect, simple, leafy, smooth, tinged with purple. Leaves alternate, smooth and fleshy, an inch and a half long, broadly oval, ob- tusely dentate. Corymbs compound, terminal, crowded, leafy. Segments of the calyx lanceolate, obtuse. Petals pale pur- ple, half as long again as the calyx, elliptical-oblong, acute. Stamens 10, shorter than the petals; anthers roundish.
Hab. On rocky hills near Sparta, New-Jersey. JVuttall This species is nearly allied to S. Telefihium, and perhaps is not distinct.
ORDER V, D E C A G Y N I A,
312. PHYTOLACCA. L.
Caljjx 5-cleft, petaloid. Berrt/ superior, 10-celIed, lO-seeded. Gen. pL 800. JWitt. Gen. I. p. 293. Juss. p. 84. Lam. III. t. 393. Nat. Ord. Atri- r L I c E s .Tiiss. Poke or Poke-hernj,
P. decandra L. : leaves ovate, acute at each end ; flowers with 10 stamens and 10 styles. Willd. Spec. II. p. 822. J/ic/i. JP/. I. p. 27B. P m r s A F/. I. p. 324. Big. Bost. p. 112. Ejusd. Med. Bot. I. p. 39. t. 3. Elliott Sk. I. p. 530. B art. Veg. Mat. Med. I. t. 48. Wa 1 1.
PHYTOLACCA. DECANDRIA, DECAGYNIA, 463
Car. p. 143, Dill. EWu t. 339, f. 399. P I u k. Aim. t. 225. f. 3.
Root large, filiform, perennial. Stem 4 — 8 feet high, terete, smooth, succulent, purplish. Leavea alternate, 4 — 6 inches long, and 2 — 3 broad, or. short petioles, very smof)th. Flowers in simple pedunculate racemes, which are opposite the leaves. Perianth \vh\\.&\ leaflets ovate, rounded, persistent. Stamena nearly as long as the perianth ; anthers yellowish-white. Styles very shoi't ; stigmas simple, obtuse. Berries globose-depress- ed, indistinctly furrowed, juicy, dark purple when fully ripe.
Has. Borders of fields and waste places, June — October,
fi9
CLASS XI. 1 C O S A N D R I A
ORDER L
MONOGYNIA,
313. Cactus. 316. LythruMo
314. Prunus. 316. CuPHEA.
313. CACTUS. L.
Calyx superior, many-cleft; segments imbricate* Petals numerous, inserted in several series ; the inte- rior ones larger. Stigma many-cleft. Berry 1 -celled, many-seeded. Ge7u pi 838. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 295. Juss. p. 311. Lam. 111. t. 415. Nat. Ord. Cacti Ju s s. Indian Fig, &c,
C. Opuntia L. : articulately proliferous; articulations compressed, ovate ; spines setaceous ; fruit succulent, smooth. Willd. Sptc. 11. p. 943. M i c h. 11. I. p. ^282. Pursh Fl. I. p. 327. Elliott Sk. I. p. 537. JV u 1 1. Gen. I. p. 297. Walt. Car. p. 146.
Eodt perennial. Siems erect or procumbent, destitute of proper leaves, articulate and proliferous ; joints very fleshy, 2 — 4 inches long, armed with tufts of setaceous spines, which are all uniform. Flowers large, sessile, growing from the margin of the joints. Segments of the calyx ovate-lanceolate, acu- minate. Petals bright yellow, obovate, mucronate, much longer than the calyx. Stamens very numerous ; ^laments smooth ; anthers linear, yellow, incumbent. Style longer than the stamens, thick ; stigma large, many-cleft. Fruit obovate.
leACTus. ICOSANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 4G7
umbilicate, pulpy, edible. Seeds numerous, small, immersed in the pulp. Hab. On dry rocks and in sandy fields. June — July.
Prickly Pear. The most northern locality of this plant, with which I am acquainted, is Fairfield, New-York, where it was found by Dr. Had ley. It is common on dry rocks near Ncw-Vork, and in the pine barrens of New-Jersey. In the Southern Slates it bears two kinds of spines ; one strong, long, and subulate ; the other small and setaceous. Mr. EUi o it supposes there are several species iucluded under the name of C. 0/iuntia^ but I suspect these are varieties produced by diversity of situation.
0
314. PRUNUS. L.
Calyx inferior, campanulate, 5-cleft, deciduous. l^etals 5. Drupe even ; nut with a smooth, somcwliat prominent suture. Gen. pL M9. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 302. Prunus et Cerasus Juss. p. 341. Lam. III. X. 432. Nat. Ord. Rosacea Juss.
Plum and Cherry.
* Flowers racemose.
1 . p. virginiana L. : racemes erect, elongated ; leaves deciduous, oval-oblong, acuminate, shining; above, serrate, smooth on both sides ; petiole? with "2—4 glands. Willd. Spec. II. p. 985. Willd. ^rb. t. 5. f. 1. Pursh Fl. \. p. 329. El Holt i*^. 1. p. 540. Walt. Car. i>.\AG. Cerasi'S virginiana JM i c h. Fl. I, p. 285. M ich. f. Jrb. {I. p. 285. t. 88. Cerasus sylvestris. Cold. Noveb. 113.
A large tree, with a blackish rough bark, which detaches itself semicircularly in thick narrow plates ; wood dense, resemb- ling mahogany. Leaves alternate, petiolate, dull, with a sliort abrupt acumination, acute at the base, serrate ; the serra- tures nearly equal, callous and slightly mucronate at the tip. Flowers in long simple racemes, which are straight when young; pedicels 2 — 3 lines long. Calyx smooth, with 5 small teeth. /*<?m/s white, orbicular. Stamens 15 — 20. 6'/i//c sim- ple, straight ; stig'?na obtuse. Fruit dark red, almost black when ripe, edible.
Hab. In woods; frequent. May. Wild Cherry.
2. P. scrotinu Ehrh. : racemes loose, at Icn^^tb pendu- lous ; leaves deciduous, oval, with a short acum'.iatioa, opake, doubly and very acutely serrate; midrib bearded on each side towards the base ; petiole with 2 glands. W i 1 1 d. Spec.
468 ICOSANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. prunes.
II. p. 986. Ejusd. Arh. 239. t. 5. f. 2. Pursh FL I. p. 330. Elliott <$•/<:. I. p. 551.
A large tree, much resembling the preceding in its bark and wood. Leaves broad-oval, sometimes obovate, slightly cordate and unequal at the base, thin and membranaceous, with very acute and generally double serratures ; the serratures almost subulate ; petioles with 2, or rarely 4 glands near the lamina, in front. Flowers in long simple racemes; pedicels 2 — 3 lines long. Calyx smooth, with 5 small teeth. Petals nearly or- bicular. Fruii dark red, rather bitter and astringent.
Hab. In woods j particularly in mountainous situations. June.
Choke-cherry . This and the preceding species have been confounded by Mi c hauxy and probably by many other Botanists. They are incorrectly d'^scribed both by M^i lldenow and Purs h. In tiie latter species, which has the midrib of the leaves beard- ed, the sesraliires are very acutely and d-jubly serrate ; while they are described in the- bnf)ks as simply serrate ; and, in the former, with the midrib siaked, I have have always found the leaves simply serrate instead of " doubly toothed."
3. P. cayiadensis L. : flowers in racemes ; leaves decidu- ous, without giands, broad-lanceolate, rugose, pubescent on both sides. Sp. pL 678. Pursh FL I. p. 330. Pluk. Aim. t. 58. f. 5. (fide IVilld.)
^ranches smooth and even. Leaves without glands on the pe- tiole, acutely serrate, green on both sides, attenuated at the base. Lin.
Hab. In Pennsylvania. Mu h le n b erg. -\~
Tois is a doubtful species, and is supposed by Pursh to be nothing more than P. hiemalis of Mi c hau x.
* * Peduncles subumbellate or solitary,,
4. P. pennsylvanica -^ it„: flowers subcorymbed ; pedi- cels elongated; leaves oval-oblong, acuminate, erosely denti- culate, smooth ; petioles with 2 glands ; branches punctate; fruit subobovate, -^it. Kew. II. p. 16,5. IVilld. Spec. IL p. 929. Pursh FL I. p. 331. Cerasus borealis Mich. FL I. p. 286. M ich. f. Arb. II. p. 212. t. 90. Prun, horealis Pursh FLl.cJ VAanceolcUa V/ilUL Jrb. 24.0, t. 3 f. 3.
A handsome tree from 20 — 25 feet high; branches punctate with whit(? dots. Leaves about 3 inches long, membranaceous, often ovate, erosely serrate, 'slightly pubescent when young, but smooth when old. Corymbs 6 — S-flowered, sessile, sometimes a little elongated, and then appearing racemose ; pedicels an inch and a half or more in length, smooth. Segments of the e^/i/jT ovate lanceolate, obtuse. Petals roundirJu /'V-wzY slightly ovate, red, scarcely edible.
PKVNcs. iCOSANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. ^69
IIab. In rocky hills and on mountains. June. Canada to Penn sylvania.
5. P. nigra A i t. : umbels sessile, solitary, few-flowered ; leaves deciduous, ovate, acuminate, unequally and acutely serrate, smooth on both sides ; petiole v/ith 2 glands. A i t. k'eiv. 11. p. 165. IVilld. Spp.c. 11. p. 993. B'H. Mug. 1117. Pursh Fl I. p. 331.
A shrub 6 — 8 feet high, with smooth dark red branches. Leaves oblong-ovate, conspicuously acuminate, erosely denticulate or serrate. Umbels sessile, 3— 4-flowered; fitdiccU smooth, scarcely an inch long. Petals broadly obovate. Fruit . . .
Hab. On mountains. In the Highlands of New-York, and in many parts of New-England. June.
G.r.pygmoia W ill d. : umbels sessile, few-flowered; leaves ovate, acute, smooth on each side, acutely serrate, with 2 glands at the base. Willd, Spec. 11. p. 993. Pursh Fl. I. p. 331.
A shrub 3—4 feet high, unarmed. Leaves ovate-elliptical, ra- ther acute, attenuated at the base. Umbels sessile, 4 — 5- flowered, crowded. Fruit the size of a large pea, black, of indifferent taste. Willd.
Hab. In the western parts of Pennsylvania. Purs h. In New- England and New York. Mu h ten berg,
7. P. pnhe-icens Ph. : umbels sessile, aggregated, few- flowered ; peduncles and calyx pubescent ; leaves shor(-ova), serrulate ; drupe spherical. Purs h Fl. I. p. 331. P. sphcBrocurpa M i c h. FL I. p. 284.
A shrub 2—3 teet high, straggling, and often prostrate ; smaller branches pubescent. Leaves about an inch and a half long, in the adult state quite smooth, sometimes with the 2 lowest serratiires glandulous. Flowers appearing in great profusion before the leaves are expanded. Frujt about half an inch in diameter, pale brownish-purple, glaucous, acid and astringent.
JIab. On the sea-coast of Long-Island ; particularly abundant about New-Utrecht, and on a sand-hill near Flusliing, In the western parts of Pennsylvania, on the borders of lakes. Pursh. On the sea-coast of New-England. Michaux.
Sand-c/ierries.
P
May.
The name given to this species by Michaux is changed, there being a P. sfili trocar fia previously established by Sw ar t z.
8. P. pnmila L. : umbels aggregated, sessile, few-flower- ed ; ralvx acute; branches virgate, terete: leaves narrow, janceolate, serrate above, pale beneath. W il I d. Sptc. II. p. 990. Pursh Fl. I. p. 331.
A shrub 2—3 feet high, with straggling verrucose branches.
4?0 ICOSANDRIA. MONOGYNIA, irunus.
Leaves 2 — 3 inches long, and half an inch broad, very acute, attenuate at the base, pale, but not glaucous beneath. Umbels about 4-flowered ; fiedicels smooth, short. Fruit small, ovate, red, acid. Hab. On the banks of rivers ? Near Deerfield, Massachu- setts. Cooley and Hitchcock. In Pennsylvania and Virginia. Pursh. May.
9. P. depressa Ph. : umbels sessile, aggregated, few- flowered ; calyx obtuse ; branches angular, depressed-pros- trate ; leaves cuneate-lanceolate, remotely serrate, smooth, glaucous beneath. Pursh Fl. I. p. 332. Cerasus pn- mila Mich. FL i. p. 28G f
A low shrub spreading its branches very much, and not rising- above a foot from the ground. Fruit black, small, and agree- ably tasted. Ph.
Hab. On the sandy shores of rivers and lakes, Canada to Vir- ginia. Pursh.
10. P. maritima IVilld.: peduncles subsolitary ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, doubly serrate. Willd. Enuj[n 619. Pursh Fl. I. ^.332. E llio 1 1 Sk, I. i>. 5^3. ? acuminala M i c A. /Y. I. p. 284 .''
Hab. On tae sea-coast of New-Jersey. Purs h.
T'cr. fruit of a species of Prunus is sold in our markets un- dfr the name of Bcach-fUum. It is about as large as the common garden plum, of a dark purple colour, and it is said 10 grow abundantly on tl\e sea-coast of New-Jersey.
11. P. mollis* : younger branches, leaves and peduncles pubescent; umbels sessile, 2 — 3-flowered; leaves ovate, long-acuminate, doubly dentate-serrate ; stipules setaceous, denticulate ; calyx nearly snr^ooth ; segments linear-lanceolate, serrate.
A small tree. Leaves 2 — r> inches long, conspicuously acumi- nate, almost villous beneath, with the serratures obtuse. U/n- hels mostly 3-flowercd ; fiedicels an inch long. Flowers large. Segments of the calyx serrate or denticulate, veined. Petals obovate. Fruit oval, large, nearly black when ripe.
Hab. In Massachusetts, on the road from Williams College to Troy. Dewey.
I propose this species with some hesitation ; although it ap- pears to be quite distinct fiom any Prunus described by Pursh. The only locality of it, with which I am acquaint- ed, is that given on the authority of Professor D ewey, who informs me that it appeared to be indigenous. There is great obscurity respecting many of the North-American species oi" Prunus, which can only be cleared up by a careful examina- tion of them in a living stale.
MfHRUM, ICOSANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 471
315. LYTHRUM. L.
Calyx tubular-campanulate, 6— 12-toothccl. Petah 6, equal, inserted upon the calycx. Capsule 2— 4-cell- ed, many-seeded. Geju pL 825. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 303. Ju s s. p. 332. Lam. III. t. 408. Nat. Ord. Salicari^e Juss. Stamens 8 — 12, in two rows. Loosestrife. — Milk- Wxlloiv -herb,
* Calyx subcam/ianuiatej Id-toothed; ca/isule 3—4-celled.
Decodox. Ginelin,
1. la. verlicil latum L. : pubescent; leaves opposite and ternate, lanceolate, jictiolate ; flowers axillary, verlicillate, decandrous; petals undulate; fruil subglobose. W il I d. Spec. II. p. 86G. 3Jich. Fl. I. p. 281. Pursh Fl. 1. p. 334. Big. BosL^.WA. J^ u 1 1. Gen. ]. p. 333. De- CODON aqitaticum Gmel, Syst. II. p. 677. D. verticiilatum Elliott Sk. I. p. 544. Anonymos aquatica Walt, Car. p. 137. Anonyma foliis terni?. C old. Novtb. 97.
Root perennial. Stevi herbaceous or suffruticose, about 2 feet higli, hexangular, recurved, and sometimes taking root at the extremities. Leaves broadly-lanceolate, attenuate at each extremity, very entire; the lower verticillate, by threes; the upper opposite. Flowers in short axillary corymbs, crowded, and appearint^ verticillate. Calyx campanulate, co- loured, mostly 10-toothed ; 5 of the teeth long, subulate, at length inflexed ; the other 5 short, ovate. Petals 5 — 6, pur- ple, oblong, unguiculate, inserted into the calyx at the base of its longer teeth. Scametis 10 — 12, half of tlipm as long again as the corolla, and inserted at the base of the short teeth of the calyx ; the other half shorter, and inserted lower down ; an- thers roundish, didymous. Style long, filiform ; stigma ob- tuse. Ca/isule subglobose, usually 3-cclIcd. Seeds angular, 5 — 8 in each cell.
Hab. In swamps ; not uncommon. August. Grass-fioly.
* * Calyx tubular; ca/isule 2-celled.
2. L. Salicaria /?. puhescens Ph. : pubescent ; leaves op- posite and ternate, sessile, lanceolate, cordate at the base ; tilowers with 12 stamens, terminal, verticillate-spiked ; cap- sule oblong. PurshFl,\.ip.33A.
About 2 feet high. Flowers purple, very showy. Pli.
Hab. In wet meadows. Canada and New-England. Pursh. Among the numerous specimens of plants I have received from various parts of New-England, I have never seen one of this ; nor has it been found in North-America, to my know- ledge, by any other Botanist except Pursh.
472 ICOSANDRIA. MONOGYNfA. lytht^w
3. L. hyssopifolium L. : leaves alternate and opposite, linear-lanceolate and subeiiiptic ; flowers axillary, hexan- drous. fVilld. Spec. II. p. 8G9. Smith FL Brit, 1. p. 51G. Eng, Bot. t. 292. Nutt, Gen. I. p. 303.
Stem nearly simple, or sparingly branched from the base, quad- rangular, and somewhat margined, Floivera pale purple, M'utt.
Hab. In the State of New-York. Nut tall. Near Dan- vers, Massachusetts. Oa ke b.
316. CUPHEA. Browne.
Calyx ventricose, tubular, 6 — 12-toothed5 unequal. Petals 6, unequal, inserted into the calyx. Capsule with the calyx bursting longitudinally, 1-celIed. J acq. Hart. II. p. 83. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 304. Juss. p. 332. Lam. Illx.mi. Nat. Ord. Salicari^ Ju s s.
C<, viscosissima J acq,: viscous; leaves opposite, petto- late, ovate-oMong ; flowers lateral, solitary, on short pedun- cles; stamens 12. J acq. Hort. U. 1^.83. t. 177. Willd. Spec. II. p. 870. Mich. FL T. p. 281. Piirsh FL I. p. 335. Elliott Sk. I. p. 546. Bart. FL Jim, Sept. I. t. 18. hvTiiRVH petiolatum L. Sp. pL 641, L. Cuphea L. Supp. 249.
iioot annual, fibrons. Stem a foot or 18 inches high, very viscid, pubescent, branched, purplish, erect. Leaves smoothish, ©n long petioles, entire or waved on the margin^ Flowers axil- lary, pedicellate. Calyx cylindrical, hairy, 12-striate, co- loured, 6-toothed at the summit. Petals purple, very unequal, obovate, inserted, as well as the stamens, into the orifice of the calyx. Stamens 12, included ; ^YawzeTj^s very short. Ger- men oblong ; style long, tapering ; stigma simple. Cafisule rupturing with the calyx before maturity, exposing the naked seeds to the atmosphere.
Hab. In fields and on mountains. Abundant around Lancaster^ Pennsylvania. In the vicinity of Philadelphia ; rare. .Vw r- : nil. Cambridge. New-Vork. St eve na on. Sep- tember.
AoRtMoxiA, ICOSANDRIA. DT-PENtAGYNIA. 473
ORDER II. DI-PENTAGYNIA.
317. Agrimonia. 321. Aroma.
318. CuATiEcus. 322. Pvrus.
319. SoKBi-s. 323. Spir5;a. 320i»SEsuviuM, 324. Gillenia.
317. AGRIMONIA. L,
Calyx inferior, 5-clcft, with a lobed calicle at its base. Petals 5. Stainefis 12. Achmia 2, in the bot- tom of the calyx. Gen. pi. 830. N utt. Gen. I. 304. Ju s s. p. 336. L a m. III. t. 432. Nat. Ord. Rosacea Juss. Agrimony,
1. A. Eupatoria L. : hairy 5 cauline leaves interruptedly pinnate ; leaflets obovate, with the terminal one petiolatcj acutely dentate, smoothish ; spike virgate ; petals twice as long as the calyx ; fruit turbinate, hispid, smooth at the base, Willd. Spec. l\. p. 875. Smith Fl. Brit. II. p. 511. Eng. Bot. t. 1335. Mich. FL I. p. 287. Pursh FL I. p. 335. Big. Bost, p. 114. Elliott Sk. \. ^. 526; Agrimonia inodora, <S:c. Cold. Noveb. 111.
Root perennial. Stem 2 feet high, erect, angular, simple, stri- gosely hairy. Leaves pseudo-pinnate ; leaflets 5 — 7, an inch and a half or 2 inches long, alternating with much smaller ones, hairy beneath, deeply serrate or dentate. Spike or raceme terminal, long and slender. Flouvers numerous, aliernate, on short pedicels, which are bracteate at the base. Calyx striate at the base, with acuminate segments, surrounded about tiie middle with spreading uncinate bristles. Petals yellow, oval, obtuse. Stamens about 12, very short. Stijles 2, shorter than the stamens; stigmas obtuse. Achenia, or seeds", 2 in the bot- tom of the calyx.
Hab. In -woods and hedges. June — August.
/3. hirsuta^ : whole plant very hairy. Hab. In dry woods ; rare. July.
This variety resembles the preceding in every respect, ex- cept that it is smaller, and much more hairy. 60
474 ICOSANDRIA. DI-PENTAGYNIA. agrimONia*
2..A. parvijlora Ait.: hairy; leaves interruptedly pin- nate, with the terminal one sessile ; leaflets numerous, mostly linear-lanceolate, incisely serrate ; spike virgate ; flowers on very short pedicels ; petals once and a half the length of the calyx ; fruit roundish, divaricately hispid. W i lid. Spec, IL p. 876. A i t. Kew. 11. p. 1 30. Pursh Fl. I. p. 236.
Flowers small, yellow.
IIab. In woods on the sides of hills. Pennsylvania to Virginia.
Pursh. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. August. This species I have never seen ; what is so named in the
Catalogue of New- York Plants being merely a variety of A ,
Eufiatoria,
318. CRAT^GUS. L.
Calyx superior, 5-cleft. Petals 5. Styles 1 — 5. Fruit pulp}', closed, with from 2 — 5 1-seeded nuts. Gen. pL 854. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 303. Ju s s. p. 335. La?n. III. t. 433. Nat. Ord. Rosacea Jiiss. Hawthorn.
1. C. coccinea L. : thorny ; leaves on long petioles, ovate, subcordate, acutely lobed and serrate, smooth ; pe- tioles and the pubescent calyx glandular ; flowers pentagy- iious. Willd, Spec. II. p. 1000. Jit. ^«o. II. p. 167. Mich. FLI.[i.'2BS. P ur s h Fl. I. ^. 337. Elliott Sk> I. p. 553.
A large shrub with smooth virgate branches, bearing a few long subaxillary spines. Leaves nearly 3 inches long, and 2 or more broad, slightly and very acutely lobed, truncate, and often subcordate at the base ; petiole an inch in length, glan- dular, not pubescent. Mowers in corymbs, terminating the short young branches. Stipules of the corymbs linear-lanceo- late, very glandular. Calyx smooth when old ; segments lan- ceolate, denticulate and glandular. Petals roundish-ovate, white. Stamens about 20. Styles 5, as long as the stamens ; stigmas capitate. Fruit about one-third of an inch in diame- ter, red, eatable.
Hab. In dry woods and in hedges. May.
2. C. cordata Ait, : thorny; leaves cordate-ovate, pin- natifid, lobed and angled, smooth ; petioles and calyx without glands; flowers pentagynous. JVilld. S/?cc. II. p. 1000. excl. syn. PValt, Ait, Kew. 11. p. 168. Elliott Sk. I. p. 554. C. populi/Qlia Pursh FL I. p. 337. C. Phce- nopyruni L. Supp. 254.
A large shrub. Leaves with 3, 5, or 7 lobes, acuminate, acutely
CRATJIGUS. ICOSANDRIA. DI-PENTAGYNIA. 475
serrate, when young pubescent along the veins ; petioles slen- der, short. Sti/iules subulate, serrate. Corijmbs compouiul. Segments of the calyx short, obtuse. Fruit small, globose, depressed, red. • Ell. Hab. In hedge-rows and on the banks of rivers. Canada to Virginia. Purs h.
3. C. pyrifolia A i t. : thorny or unarmed ; leaves ovatr- clliptic, inciscly serrate, somewhat plicate and hairy ; calyx villous ; segments linear-lanceolate, serrate ; flowers trigy- nons. Willd. SpecAl.^. 1001. Ait. ATeu). II. p. 16C. Pursh Fl.l. ^.331. Elliott Sk.h p. 550. C. Lcii- cophleos Moench, Weissenst. ^,31. t. '2. (teste Willd.)
Leaves large, acute, sometimes acuminate at each end, slightly lobed, irregularly serrate. • Corymbs many-flowered. Pe- duncles and calyx tomentose. E U.
Hab. In rocky and gravelly woods, and on banks of rivers. Pennsylvania to Carolina, Pursh. In Pennsylvania. Muh- lenberg: June.
4. C. dliplica AH.: thorny ; leaves elliptical, unequally serrate, smooth ; petioles and calyx glandular ; fruit globose, 5.seeded. Willd. Spec. II. p. 1002. Jit. Kezv, li. p. 168. Pwr^A F/. I. p. 337. E llio 1 1 Sk. 1. p, 5^9,
Segments of the calyx obtuse. Pruit small, red. P/i.
Hab. In copses and dry swamps. ^Canada to Carolina. Purs h.
5. C. glandulosa A i t. : thorny ; leaves obovate-cunci- form, smooth and shining ; petioles, stipules, and calyx glan- dular ; fruit oval, 5-seeded. Willd. Spec. II. p. 1002., Ait. Kew. II. p. 168. P ursh Fl. I. p. 137.
Fruit middle-sized, scarlet. Ph.
Hab. In Canada, and on the Alleghany Mountains. Pursh. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. May.
6. C. parvifolia -^ i t. : thorny ; leaves obovate, subses- sile, deeply and obtusely serrate, subtomentose ; leaflets of the calyx laciniate; flowers subsoIitary,pentagynous. Willd. Spec. II. p. 1002. Ait, Kew. II. p. 169. P tirsh Fl, I. p. 338. Elliott Sk.\. p. 547. C. tomentosa L. Sp. pi, 682. Mich. Fl. I. p. 289. Mespilus Xanthocarpos L. Supp. 25^. M. laciniata Walt. Car. p. 147. M. axillaris P ers. Si/n. II. p. 39. M, inermis, &:c. G ro 7i. Firg. 55.
A shrub about 4 feet high, with numerous irregular branches ; the younger branches and leaves very tomentose ; spines fevv^ long, and slender. Leaves about an inch and a half long, thick, roundish-obovate, obtusely cuneate at the base, when oid nearly smooth. Flowers mostly solitary, terminating the short lateral branches. Cali/x very woolly ; segments long, lanceo-
476 ICOSANDRIA. DI-PENTAGYNIA. crat/bgus,
late, iiicisely serrate. Petals nearly round. Fruit large, yel- low, eatable, containing 5 bony 1 -seeded nuts. Hab. In sandy woods. Common in the pine barrens of Newi Jersey. Also on Long-Islaud. In Pennsylvania. Mu h U «- berg. June.
7, C. pwictaia J a cq, : thorny or unarmed; leaves obo- vate-cuneate, subplicate, smooth, incisely serrate, decurrent at the base into a petiole ; calyx villous ; segments subulate, very entire : berries subglobose, with the summit depressed. IV i 1 1 d. Spec, 11. p. 1004. J i t. Kcw. 11. p. 169. J ac q. Horf. I. p. 10. t. 28. (fide Willd.) Mich. F/. I. p. 289. P u r s h Fl. I. p. 3.i8. E I Ho 1 1 Sk. I. ip. 548. Mespilus cuneifolia Ehrh Beilr. 111. p. 2i,
A small tree ; youngest branches villous, Leaves 2 inches or
more in length, tapering ai the base into a petiole, somewhat
pk-.iud, hairy en the veins beneath, doubly and incisely serrate;
the serratuifb very acute. Corz/7?2As many-flowered, pubescent.
Segments oft t calyx sparingly serrate. Petals nearly round.
Styles 2 ? Frui'. yelluw, dotted, sometimes red. Hab. In wo.ds and swamps. Deeifieid, Massachusetts.
Coo I ey and Hit c he o c k. Near Albany, NeM'-York.
Tracy. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg. May.
8. C. Cms gafli Jii t. : thorny ; leaves obovate-cunei- form, subsessile. shining, coriaceous; corymbs compound^ ee^meqts of the calyx lanceolate, serrate; flowers digynous. Willd. Spec. II p. 1004. ^il. Kew. II. p. 170. Mich, Fl. 1. p. 288. Pursh Fl. I. p. 338. Big, Bast. p. 118. Elliott Sk. I. p. 648. C. hcida Wang. Amer. p. 53. t. 17. f. 42. (fide Willd.') MssriLUS lucida Ehrh. Beiir. IV. p. 17,
A shrub or small tree, much branched, with numerous long spines. Leaves about 3 inches long, almost sempervirent, shining on the upper surface, slightly acuminate, or some- times obtuse, unequally serrate, tapering to a long petiole at the base. Corymbs compound, many-flowered, smooth. Seg- ments of the calyx linear, acute, nearly entire. Petals round- ish. 5itr//e often solitary. 7?r?«r small, red, Aostly 1 -seeded.
Hab. In thickets and along the borders of woods, .Tune.
The northern species of Crat^gus appear to be in much confusion; few of them being easily determined by the de- scription in the books. I have -.^.everal in my Herbariuim which do not accord with any enumerated by Pursh; yet, as they are not rai*e, it is probable they are not new, and 1 have there- fore concluded •<, let them remain fur future investigation. Mr, Elliott has thrown much light on the soiuhern species of this genus.
S6RBUS. ICOSANDRIA. DI PENTAGYNIA. 477
't
;]9. SOKBUS. L.
Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5. Sfi/les 2 or 3. i?(7r// inferior, farinaceous, with 3 cartilaginous seeds. Gen. pi. 855. JVu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 305. J ii s s. p. 335. Lain. Hi. t. 434. Nat. Ord. RosACEit ///^,9.
Service-tree.
1. S. americana Willd- : leaves pinnate ; leaflets some- ^vhat equally senate, and with the commou petiole Mivy smooth. Willd. Enum, p. 5'20. Muhl. Cat. p. 50. Pursh Ft. I. p. 341. S. Jucuparia 13. Mich. Fl. 1. p. :^90. Big. Bust. p. 119.
• A large shrub or small tree, with the younger branches pubes- cent ; bark smooth. Leaves pinnate ; common petiole a ff)ot or more in length, when young pubescent ; leaflets 7 pairs, with an odd one, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, unequally and very acutely serrate, entire at the base ; under surface when young very pubescent, but in the adult state quite smooth. J^Iowers in compound terminal corymbs. Calijx witli 5 acute teeth. jPcra/s white, roundish. .S^awzcns very numerous. Styles usually 3. Berries globose, fulvous, slightly acid, remaining on the tree all winter. 6'ei°d.s 3 — 5, oblong, compressed. Hab. On mountains. Summit of the Fishkill Mountains. Near Fairfield, New-York. Hadley. On high mountains near Williams College. Dewey- At Cape-Ann, 8cc. Massa- chusetts. Bi^elow, £cc. May. Mountain Ash. A beautiful shrub, frequently attaining the heiglit of 15 or 20 feet. It is nearly allied to S. Aucufiaria of Europe, but differs in the leaves being more sharply serrate, in the size and colour of the fruit, Sec. ; still it may not be a distinct species.
2. S. microcarpa Ph. : leaves pinnate ; leaflets ac\imin- ate, acutely and incisely serrate, and with the common pe- tiole smooth ; serratures setaceously mucronate. Pursh F/. I. p. 341 . Elliott Sk. I. p. 555. S. Jucuparia «. Mich. Fl. I. p. 290.
A large shrub ; the younger branches covered with a shining dark brown gloss. Berries small, scarlet. Pli.
Hab. On the peaks of high mountains. New-Jersey to Caro- lina. Purs h.
320. SESUVIUM. /..
C«/z/x 5 -parted, coloured. Petals 0. Capsule ^u- perior, ovate, 3-celled, opening transversely all romid, manv-seeded. Gen. pi. 856. Niitt.. Gen. I. p. 306.
478 ICOSANDRIA. DI-PENTAGYNIA. sEsuvmM. Juss. p. 316.' Lam, 111. t. 434. Nat. Ord. Fi-
COIDE^ Juss.
S. sessile D. C. : flowers sessile 5 leaves linear-oblong, flat. P ers. Syn. IL p. 39. JV m / /. Gen, I. p. 306. S. Portulacastrum Muhl. Caf. p. 50 ?
Leaves aometitneo nearly linear. Flowers rosaceous. Segments of the calyx pointed below the summit. J^u 1 1.
Hab. On the sea-coast, from New- Jersey to Florida. JV« t tall. The S Portulacastrum, a native of India, and the only Lin- nsean species of the genus, has been divided by De Cando lie into S. fiedunculatum, sessile, and revolutum. The first is com- mon on the sandy sea-coast in the Southern States. Mr. J^u t- ia II is, I believe, the only Botanist who has observed S. ses-^ sile in this country. Mr. Elliott thinks the capsule of Sesuvium has been incorrectly described as cut round near the- base. He remarks that it has towards the summit three su- tures distinctly marked, but the base is membranaceous and vei-y delicate, and appears to decay or tear as the seed becomes mature, suffering the more substantial summit to fall off with- out opening But in some of my specimens there were many ripe causules, which appeared to open transversely all rounds by a wtii defined margin.
321. ARONIA. Per so on.
Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5. Berry inferior, 5—10- celled; cells 1 — 2-seeded. *S'e6'£/^ cartilaginous. Pers. Syn. IL p. 39. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 306. Mesp-ili spp. L., Mich., &c. Crat^gi spp. Lam. Pyri spp. IFi 1 1 cl Nat. Ord. RosACEiE Juss.
I. A. arbutifolia EIL: unarmed; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, crenately-serrulate, tomentose beneath ; flowers in corymbs ; calyx tomentose. E lliotl S/c. I. f. 556. J^ utt. Gm. I. .p. 306, A, pyrifolla P ers. Syn. II. p. 39. Fyrus arbutifolia L. IF ill d. Spec. II. p. 1012. Big. Bost. p. 1 19. Mespilus arbutifolia Sp. pi. 605. M. arbulijoha «. erythrocarpa Mich. FL 1. p. 292. CRATiEGUS pyrifoHa L a m. Enc. I. p. 83.
A shrub 2— -4 feet high, with few slender branches. Leaves about an inrh and a half long, and three-fourths of an inch broad, slighilyacuminate, very tomentose beneath when young) obtusely serrulate ; midrib glandular above. Flowers in ter- minal corvmbs. Segments of the caly^:: acute, erect, glandu- lar on the margin. Petals with a tinge of red,' roundish-ovate. iityles 5. Fruit about the size of a large whortle-berry, scar- let, s\Yeetishj but astringent ; cells mostly 2-seeded,
in
JLRONIA. ICOSANDRIA. DI-PENTAGYNIA. 479
Hab. In swamps and low thickets ; sometimes on hills. May — June. Choke-berry.
^. melanocarpa^ : leaves beneath and the calyx smooth ; fruit black. A.'arbulifolia P e r s. Si/n. II. p. 39. A, me- lanocarpa Elliott Sk. I. p. 557. JV w H. Gen. I. p. 30G. PyRus mdanocarpa Wi 1 1 d, Enum, 525. P tcr s h Fl. I. p. 339.
A shrub about as large as the precedinj;. Leaves narrower, and rather smaller, distinctly acuminate, smooth on both sides, crc- nate-serrulate ; midrib glandular above. Flowers in terminal corymbs. Cahjx smooth, with acute entire segments. Petals white, often with a tinge of red. Fruit black, a little astrin- gent, but eatable ; cells 2-seeded.
IIab. On mountains ; rarely in bogs. May.
2. A. Botryapmm Pers.: unarmed; leaves cordate, oval, conspicuously acuminate, glabrous when mature ; flowers in racemes ; petals linear-lanceolate. Pers. Sy?i. II. p. 39. Elliott Sk. I. p. 557. JV utt. Gen. I. p. 307. PvRus Botryapium L. Wi lid. Spec. H. p. 1013. P ur s h Fl. I, p. 339. Big. Bost. p. 120. Mespilus canadensis Sp. pi. 685. M. canadensis /?. cordata M i c h. Fl. I. p. 291. M, arborea Mich. f. Arb. HI. p. 68, t. 11. Chat^egus racemosa Lam. Enc. I. p. 84. Frutex noveboracensis. Cold. Noveb. 114.
A small tree. Leaves when young densely covered with a silky pubescence, but in the adult state almost entirely smooth, acutely serrate; petioles nearly an inch long. Stipules lon^, linear, hairy, deciduous. Flowers large, in loose downy ra- cemes, which appear before the leaves are expanded. Caly.v pubescent, with lanceolate acute segments. Petals white, three-fourths of an inch long, obtuse, entire. Styles 5, Fruit purplish, pruinose, very agreeably tasted.
Hab. In low woods. May.
June-berries. — Shcd-Jloiver. — JSIay-bu&h.
3. A. ovalis Pers.: unarmed; leaves roundish-ellipti- cal, acute, smooth; flowers in racemes ; petals obovate ; gcr- mens and segments of the calyx pubescent. Pers. Syn. 11. p. 40. Elliott Sk. I. p. 558. Pyrus o-valis IVilld. Spec. II. p. 1014. Pursh Fl. I. p. 34C. Mespilus cana- densis a. obovalis Mich. Fl.. I. p. 291 ? CRATd;GUs spicala Lam. Enc. I. p. 84.
A small shrub. Berries black and eatable. Ph.
Hab. In swamps. New-Jersey to Carolina. Pursh. In
Pennsylvania and New-York. Muhlenberg.
I suspect this species to be no more than a variety of A.
Botrya/iiUTii.
loo ICOSANDRIA. DI-PENTAGYNIA. rmu^.
322. PYRUS» L.
. ^^ '^ '^ , S-cleft. Petals 5, yy///?/!? inferior, large and fleshy, 5-ccIlcd, many -seeded. Seeds cartilaginous^ Gen. pi. 858o Nutt. Gen. I. p. 306. Juss. p. 335. La m. IIL t. 435. Nat. Ord. Rosacea Juss,
Apple and Pear,
1. P. coronaria L. : leaves broadly-oval, round at the base, somewhat angular, serrate, smooth ; peduncles corym- bose. IV I Ud. Spec. \l. p. IQ19. P ur sji FL \. ^. 340. Elliott Sk. I. p. 569. Malus' coronaria Mich. Fl. L p. 292. Mich. f. Arh. III. p. 65. t. 10. G ron. Virg, p. 55.
A tree from 15 — 18 feet high, sometimes larger, with spreading branches. Leaves about an inch and a half long, slightly ser- rate, acute ; petiole short. Corymbs terminal, few-flowered ; fiedicncles long, smooth, i^foaj^r* large, very fragrant. Calyx: villous within; segments lanceolate, acute. Petals pale-rose- colour, obovate, obtuse. i^ruzY depressed, acid, yellowish and subdiaphanous when ripe.
Hab. In woods. New-Jersey, fee. Throughout the Middle States, but especially in the back parts of Pennsylvania. It abounds along the Glades, a tract 15 or 18 miles broad on the summit of the AUeghanies, along the road from Philadelphia to Virginia. Michau x, f. May.
Crab-'apfile or Siveet-scented Crab-tree^.
2. r. anguslifoUa Ait.: leaves lanceolate-oSlong, acute at the base, slightly crenate-dentate, shining ; peduncles co- rymbose. Willd. Spec. II. p. 1020. Ait. Kew. II. p. 176. Pur sh Fl.l. p.34]. E 1 1 i o f t Sk. \. ]). 553. IV coronaria Wang. Amer. 61. t. 21. f. 47. Malus angusti-
fol'ia Mich. Fl.\. p. 559.
A tree 1 5 — 20 feet high, resembling the preceding, but the frui':
and leaves are smaller, Sec. Hab. In Pennsylvania. May. Muhleyib er^.
323. SFlRiEA. L.
Calyx inferior, 5-cleft, expanding. Petals 5, equal, roundish. Stamens numerous, exserted. Capsules numerous, (3 — 12,) I-celled, 2-valved, each 1 — 3-seed" cd. Gen. pi. 862. Nutt. Gen. I. p. 307. Juss. p. 339. Lam. III. t. 439. Nat. Ord. Rosacea Ju s s. Meadoxv-sweetr
if:r5:a. ICOSANDRIA. DI-PENTAGYNIA. ■ 481
* Frutescent.
1. S. salicifolia L. : leaves lanceolate, acutely serrate, "raoolh; racemes terminal, compound, panicled ; flowers pen- tagyiious. fV Hid, Spec. II. p. 1055. M ill. icon. t. 237. f. 2. Jl/zcA. jP/. I. p. 293. PwrsA F/. I. p, 341. £ /- lioti S/c. 1. p. 5G0. S. alba Ehrh. Beitr. Vli. p. 137. Muhl. Cal,p,5l. Big. Bost. p. 120.
Shrubby or sufFruticose. Stem 2—4 feet high, somewhat branched, smooth, reddish. Leaves alternate, more or less lanceolate, obtuse or acute, taperinij at the base, sliglttly glau- cous, and a little hairy on the veins beneath. liacemea crowded in a long terminal panicle. Calyx turbinate, smooth ; seg- ments ovate, acute. Petals white, roundish, longer than the calyx. Capsules or follicles 5, opening on the inner side, pointed with the remains of the styles, tieeds numerous, mi • nute.
Hab. In Wet meadows ; common. July.
The S. salicifolia of Europe is considered as distinct from the North- American plant by some Botanists, I have had no opportunity of comparing them.
2. S» tomentosa L. : leaves ovate-lanceolate, unequally .serrate, tomentose beneath ; racemes terminal, compound, crowded; flowers pentag) nous. W il I d. Spec. II. p. 1056. Schmidt Jrb. b1. Mich. FL 1. p. 293. Pursh FU I.p.341. Big. Bosi.^.l^Q. Elliott Sk. \. p. 560. Mead in Med. Rep^ VI. (new series) p. 256. cum icone, Pluk, Ainu 393. t. 321. f. 1.
Shrubby or suffruiicosc. Stem 2 — 3 feet high, somewhat branched, pubescent. Leaves on short petioles, thick, very tomentose and pale ferruginous beneath, with prominent veins, dark green above, unequally serrate and somewhat lobed. JiaCLrue very dense, elongated and subpyramidal. Flowers small. Calyx tomentose ; segments acute, reflexed after flowering. Petals roundish, pale purple. Gajisules 5, dis- tinct. Seeds few in each capsule, subulate at each extremity.
Hab. In low grounds; rarer than the preceding species Ca- nada to Carolina. July — August. Hard-hack.
3. S. hypericlfolia L. : leaves obovate, very entire, or dentate at the summit, smooth; umbels sessile. Willd. Spec. II. p. 1057. Schmidt drb. 56. Pitrsh Fl. I. p. 341.
A shrub about 3 feet high, with numerous slender branches. Leaves small, cuneate-obovate, mostly very entire, slightly pu- bescent beneath. Umbels 4 — 6-flowered, c^xiliary and terminal ; pedicels an inch long. Calyx turbinate ; si ements < • d, acute. Petals broadly obovate, white, sometimes emai^niatc. Gl
482 ' ICOSANDRIA. DI-PENTAGYNIA. spirjea.
Hab. In dry swamps of Canada and New-York. Pur s h. In Pennsylvania. Mu hie n b e r (^. May.
I have never seen this plant except in gardens, nor have I ever received native specimens from any part of North-Ame- rica.
4. S. corymho&a R af. M. S. : leaves oblong-obovate, inciselj- dentate, pubescent beneath ; corymb terminal, pe- dunculate, compound, fastigiate, somewhat leafy ; flowers pentagynous. S. corymbosa M u k t. Cat, p. 5 1 .'' S. chama' drifolia Pursh F/. 1. p. 342?
Suffruticose. Stem about 18 inches high, reddish, slightly pu- bescent. Leaves nearly smooth above, paler beneath, incisely and unequally dentate. Corymb terminal, on a naked pedun- cle, compound, many-flowered, intermixed with small leaves. Calyx smooth ; segments ovate, acute, reflexed. Petals white or pale rose-colour, roundish-obovate. Stamens very nume- rous, nearly as long again as the petals. Styles 5, straight, much shorter than the stamens.
Hab. On the Alleghany Mountains. R afi nesque.
This species may be the S. chamxdrifolia of Pursh^ but probably not of Linn xu s. The description in the books is too brief to determine the question.
5. S. crenata L. : leaves obovate, acute, toothed at the summit, 3-nerved ; corymbs crowded, pedunculate. fViild, S/)6c. II. p. 1068. M uhl. Cat. p, 51.
Hae. In New-York. Muhlenberg, -f
6. S. opulifolia L. : leaves ovate, lobed, doubly toothed and crenate, smooth; corymbs terminal, with the flowers crowded and trigynous ; capsules inflated. IFi 1 1 d. Spec. II. p. 1059. Schmidt Arb. t. 32. M i c h. Fl. 1. p. 293. PurshFl.\.\>.342. Elliott Sk.l.p, 560. Gron. Virg. Y). 55. EuoNYMus virginiana, &c. Co mm. hort. I, p. 169. t. 87. (teste Liyi.)
A shrub 3 — 5 feet high, with the bark in many loobe lauiinae.
. Leaves petiolate, roundish-ovate, about 3-lobed, oI)tuse and crenate. Corymbs simple, 30 — 40-flowercd ; pedicels pubes- cent, nearly an inch long. Segments of the calyx ovate, ob- tuse, pubescent. Petals white, ovate. Styles 5 ; stigmas ca- pitate. Cafisules large, inflated, compressed, slightly acumi- nate with the persistent styles. Seeds about 2 in each capsule, subovate, polished.
Hab. On the rocky banks of rivers. New-England to Carolina. June — July. Mne-bark.
* * Herbaceous.
7. S. Aruncus /?. americana Ph. : leaves twice or thrice
sFiRjEA, ICOSANDRIA. DI-PENTAGYNIA. 483
pinnate, shining ; spikes slender, in an oblong-panicle ; flowers trigynous, perfect. Pursh FL I. p. 343. S. Aruncus /9. hermaphrodila JM i c h. FL I. p. 294. S. Aruncus Elliott Sk. I. p. 5C 1 . J\I ti h I. Cat. p. 5 1 .
Hoot perennial. Stem 4 — 6 feet high. Flowers while.
Hab. On moutitains. Pennsylvania. Pursh and Muhlen- berg. On the Catskill MuuiUainsj New-York. Eatori. June. Goat's-beard,
S. S. lobafa J acq.: leaves pinnate, smooth; terminal leaflet much larger, and 7-lobed ; lateral leaflets 3-lobed ; co- rymbs proliferous. Wit Id. Spec. II. p. 1062. J a c q. Hort. I. p. 38. t. 88. M i c h, FL I. p. 294. Pursh FL 1. p. 343. E iliott Sk.L ^,5161. S.palmata Lin, Siipp. 362.
.Root perennial. Leaflets somewhat palmately lobed ; lobes lan- ceolate, doubly serrate. Cyme compound. Flowers rosC'CO- lour, with 3 — 5 styles. Mich.
Hab. In Pennsylvania. June, Mu hlenbe rg.
324. GILLENIA, Moench,
Calyx tubular- campanulate ; border 5-toothed. Co- rolla partly unequal. Petals 5, lanceolate, attenuate at the base. Stamens few, included. Styles 5. Cap- • sides 5, connate at the base, opening on the inner side, each 2-sceded. Moench Meth. Supp. p. 286. Nutt. G^;?. I. p. 366. Spiraea ^j&/>. X., &c,
l.G. Irifoliata Moench: leaves ternate, lanceolate, serrate, subequal ; stipules linear, entire ; flowers in terminal loose panicles, Moench I.e. Nutt. Gen. I. p, 307. Elliott Sk. I. p, 562. Spir^a trifoliata L, W Hid, Spec. II. p. 1063. " M ilL ic, t. 252. BoL Mag. t. 489. Mich. FL I. p. 294. Pursh FL I. p. 343. Big Med. Bat. III. p. 11 . t. 4K Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. I. t. 5. FiLiPENDULA foliis tematis. Gron, Virg. 55. Cold, Noveb. 117.
Root perennial, fibrous. Stem herbaceous, 2 feet or more high, branched, reddish, smooth. Leaves all ternate ; leaflets obo-
' vate-lanceolate, acuminate, sharply and unequally serrate, pu- bescent beneath. Stifiules small, mostly entire. Flowers large, in loose panicles at the extremity of the branches. Calyx tu- bnlar-<:ampanulate, smooth, with 5 acute erect teeth. Petals nearly an inch long, white, tapering at the base, obtuse. Sta- mens about 15, scarcely longer than the calyx; filaments smooth: anthers roundish. -Sft/Zes 5, contiguous; stigmas ca-
484 ICOSANDRIA. DI-PENTAGYNIA. gillenia.
pitate. Cafisules 5, somewhat united at the base, each with 2 obiong brown seeds. Hab. in shady woods and on rocky hills ; rare. June.
Indian- fihy sic.' — Boivmans-rooL I have not found this plant north of the Hudson. It is occa- sionally met with in the mountainous pans of New-Jersey; farther south it is more common.
2. G. stipulacea J^ utt. : radical leaves pinnatifid ; stem leaves ternate ; leaflets incisely serrate ; stipules foliaceous, ovate, incisely dentate; flowers in terminal loose panicles. JsTutt. Ge?i.\. p. 307. E I Ho t i Sk. ]. 5:2. Bart.Veg, Mat' Med, i. t. 6. Spiraea stipulata M uhU Cat. p. 51.
Boot perennial. Stem 2—3 feet high, branched, reddish, smooth. Leaves slightly pubescent; radical ones deeply pinnatifid;,
' those of the stem all ternate, subsessile ; leaflets oblong-lanceo- late ; incisely serrate, (sometimes subpinnatifid,) acuminate. Stifiules opposite, nearly an inch long, amplexicaul. Flowers few, large. Calyx tubular campanulate, smooth ; segments acute, erect. Petals linear-lanceolate, three-fourths of an inch long. Stamens about 15, scarcely longer than the petalso Ca/i>'ules 5, slightly united at the base, with 2 oblong brown corrui^ated seeds in each.
Hab. On the west side of the Alleghany Mountains, extending; as far north as New-York. Cleaver.
This species possesses similar medicinal properties to t'ao preceding.
ORDER HI. P 0 L Y G Y N I A„
325. Rosa. 329. Geum.
326, RuBus. 330. Potentilla»
327. Dalibarda. 331. Fragarja.
328, Dryas. 332. Calycanthus.
325. ROSA. L.
Calyx urceolate, fleshy, contracted at the orifice; border 5-cleft. Petals 5. Seeds numerous, hispid, attached to the interior side of the calyx. Gen. pi. 863. JVu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 308. Ju s s. p. 335. L a m. III. t. 440. Nat. Ord. Rosace^e Juss. Rose.
HosA. ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. 48:,
]. R. parvijlora E h r h. : fruit depressed-globose, and with the peduncles hispid ; petioles pubescent, somewhat prickly; stem smooth; stipular prickles stniij^ht ; leallets el- jiptical-lanceolatc, simply serrate, smooth when matqre ; ilowers generally by pairs. IV i II d. Spr.r. II, p. 1068. ^Vi?-A. Beitr. IV. p. 21. P^irsh FL I. p. 344. El- liott Sk. I. p. 5G3. R. Carolina Du Roi Harhk. II. p. 335, Vv. pennsylvanica Wang. Anur. p. 113. K. caro- llmana M i c h. FL I. p. 295 ?
A shrub about 3 feet his^h, with numerous greenish and punc- tate branches. Prickles mostly by pairs, at the base of each petiole, subulate. 'Leaves pinnate ; leaflets 3 — 4 pairs, with an odd one, ovate or elliptical-lanceolate, slightly pubescent beneath, acutely and almost equally serrate; common petiole armed with small straiglit prickles. FLoioers mostly by pairs at the extremity ot" the branches. Segments of the calyx lan- ceolate, acuminate, puljescent and somewhat glandular; tiie 3 exterior somewhat laciniate. Petals red, large, broadly obo- vate, emarginate. Fruit about half an inch in diameter, nearly smooth when ripe.
Hab. In woods and copses ; common. June — July,
1. [{.. nUidn IVilld.: fruit subglobose ; calyx, pcdun^ cles, and branches hispid; petioles somewhat hairy, unarm- ed ; leaflets (7) oblong-lanceolate, on both sides smooth and fihining. W il I d. £?imw. p. 544. Pursh F/. 1. p. 344. Hab. In Pennsylvania. Pursh. +
3. R. lucida E hrh, : fruit depressed-globose, and, with t-he peduncles, somewhat hispid ; petioles smooth, a little prickly; stem smooth; stipular prickles straight; leaflets, ovate-lanceolate, rather obtuse, coarsely serrate, smooth and shining; flowers generally by pairs; segments of the calyx lentirei Wiild. Spec, II. p. i068. Ekrh. BtitrAY.^. 11. P ursh Fl.l.y. MA. Elliott Sk.l. p. 563.
A shrub about 3 feet high, much branched. Prickles small, straight. Leaflets 2—3 pairs, with an odd one, ovate, simply and coarsely toothed, paler beneath, shining above ; petiole often with a few minute prickles. Flo'tvers by pairs, or rarely solitary. Segments of the calux long, lanceolate, all of them entire. Petals red, large, emarginate. Fruit nearly smootli when ripe, half an inch m diameter.
Hab. In mountain bogs. Fishkill M )untains, See. New-York. Williamstown, Massachusetts. I\eivey, July.
4. R. gemella Willd.: fruit deprejsod-globosc, and, with the peduncles, jilabrous ; flowers mostly by pairs; leaf- Jets oblong, acute, opakc ; petioles and under surf.ice of the, veins pubescent ; stipqlar prickles uncinate, by pairs. IV 1 1 1 d.
486 ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. rosa,
Enum. p. 544. Smith in Rees"^ Cyclop. P ur sh Fl. L p. 344. Elliott SLl.Tp. 364, M uhl. Cat. ip. 51.
A low shrub. Flowers large, red. F/i.
Hab. Ondry sunny Iiills. New-England to Carolina. Pwrs //,
In New- York and Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg'. June. This species does not appear to be very distinct. It is nearly
allied to the following.
5. R, Carolina L. : fruit globose, and, with the peduncles, somewhat hispid ; petioles hairy, somewhat prickly ; stents smooth ; prickles uncinate ; leaflets (5 — 7) oblong-lanceolate, acute, sharply serrate, glaucous beneath ; flowers in corymbSo Willd. Spec. II. p. 1069. Miss Lawr. Ros. t. 3, 24, 36, 54, eG, and 68. Wang. Amer..^. 112. t. 31. f. 71. Pursh Fl.I.Tp. 345. Elliott Sk. J. p. 565. R. co^ rymbosa Ehrh. Beilr. IV. p. 21. R. virginiana Du Roi Harkb. III. p. 353. R. pennsyhanica M i c h. FL \1 p. 296.
A shrub 3 — 8 feet high, with numerous prickly branches. Prickles strong, hooked. Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, often acu- minate, smooth or pubescent beneath. Corymbs 4-— 7-flo\ver- ed, terminating the branches. Calyx with linear-lanceolate smooth segments, as long as the petals, entire. Petals large, red, broad, obovate, eraarginate. Fruit large, nearly globoscj hispid, eatable.
IIab. In swamps and wet thickets ; common. June — July. A very variable species in the shape and pubescence of the leaves. Sometimes they are much acuminate, and quite pu- bescent beneath.
6. R. rubigiyiosa L. : fruit ovate ; peduncles and petioles glandular-hispid ; stem smooth ; branches and prickles re-
• curved; leaflets oblong, opake, pubescent above, ferrugi- nous and glandular beneath. Willd, Spec. U. ^. ^073, Smith Fl. Brit. II. p. 540. Eng, Bot. t. 991. R. siiaveo--, iens P^^rsh Ft. 1. p. 346. Smith in Rees"* Cyclop, sub Rosa, Elliott Sk.\. p. 5GQ.
A tall slender shrub, sometimes climbing the highest trees; branches bright green. Prickles long, recurved, strong. Leaves dull, sweet-scented ; leaflets 5 — 7, roundish or elliptical, co- vered beneath with a glandular ferruginous pubescence ; pe- tioles with a few short prickles. Flowet^s solitary, by pairs, or sometimes three together. Segments of the caly:ic spreading j 2 or 3 of the exterior ones laciniate. Petals pale red, emar- ginatc. Fruit orange-red, ovate or roundish, a little hispid.
Hab. In hedges, on hill sides, &c. ; common. Sweet-briar.
The North-American Sweet-briar is, by P tir s h and Smith, considered as a distinct species; but I believe, with Mr. JVuttall, that it is merely a naturalized plant in this country. It does not diff"er so much from R. rubiginoaa ^5 many of the varieties of that plant do from each other.
RUBus. ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. 487
326. RUBUS. L,
Calyx 5-cleft, inferior. Petals 5. Fruit composed of muny 1 -seeded juicy acines, on a dry receptacle. Gen. pi. 864. J\'utt. Gen. I. p. 308. Juss. p. 338, Lam. Ill t. 441. Nat. Ord. Rosace,e Juss.
Bramble.
* Frutesctnt.
1. R. Jd(£\is L. : leaves pinnate ; leaflets 3 — 5, rhombic- ovate, acuminate, while and very downy beneath ; petioles canahcuiale ; stem nearly erect, prickly. Willd. Spec. IL p. 1081. Smith Fl. Brit. II. p. 541. Eng. Bot. t. 2443. P u r s h Fl. I. p. 34G. Nutt, Gen. I. p. 308.
Hab. In hedge-rows. Catiada to Pennsylvania. P« rs A. In- digenous throughout Upper-Canada, and on tlie borders of the lakes of the St. Lawrence. JVu 1 1 all.
I have never seen North-American specimens of this Ru- Bus. Canada is probably its southern limit.
2. R. villosus A i t,: pubescent, hispid and prickly; stem angular; leatlets in fives, digitate, elliptical, acuminate, ser- rate, pubescent on both sides; calyx short-acuminate; ra- cemes loose, naked ; pedicels solitary. IV ill d. Spec. H, p. 1085. Ait. Kew. II. p. 210. Mich, Fl. 1. p. 297. PurshFLl.\). 346. B i g. Bost. p. 1 22. Ejusd. Med. Bot. II. p. 160. t. 38. Elliott Sk. I. p. 567. Bart, Vtg, Mat, Med, t. 39.
Root very long, creeping. Shrub 4 — 6 feet high; younger branches glandular-pubescent. Prickles strong, uncinate. Leaves ternate and quinate ; leaflets elliptical, oval, and oval- lanceolate, coarsely and unequally toothed, unequal at the base; the terminal one on a long petiole; petioles canaHculate above, prickly beneath. Racenies many-flowered, loose; the lower flowers opening first ; fiedicela villous, an inch or more in length, with fohaceous 3-cleft bracts at the base. Segments of the calyx ovate, mucronate. Petals white, lanceolate-ovate, with wide interstices when expanding. Fruit large, black, of a pleasant taste.
Hab. In old fields and along hedges. June. High Blackberry.
j3. frondosus Big. : pubescence simple ; racemes leafy, few-flowered ; the upper flowers opening first ; petals orbicu- lar-ovate, approximate.
Flowers larger than in the preceding variety. Hab. Near Boston. B ige lonv.
According to Dr. Bigelow, this variety differs from R.
488 ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. rubd^,-
villosusy in having the pubescence simple, the flowers in leaff racemes, 8cc. These characters, if constant, may be sufficient to establish it as a distinct species.
3. R. strigosus j\] i c h, : unarmed, strongly hispid ; leaf- lets in threes, or pinnate in fives, oval, obtuse at the base, marked with lines, and whitish-downy beneath; the terminal one often subcordate ; peduncles and calyx hispid. Mi c 1u FL I. p. 297. P ursk FL I. p.. 346. Big. Bost. p» 122o ^. pennsyhanicus Lam. Enc, VI. p. 246.
An upright shrub; stem thickly covered with stiff bristles instead of prickles, of a reddish colour; younger branches somewhat pubescent. Leaflels mostly in threes, smoothish above, un- equally serrate ; the terminal one on a short petiole, rather acute at the base. Racemes few-flowered, terminal ; pedun- cles hispid. Segments of the cc/r/^c acuminate, hispid. Pttais obovate, longer than the calyx. Fruit red, very agreeably- tasted.
Hab. On rocky hills; not uncommon. May. Red Rasfiberrij,
4. R. cuneifolius Ph.: branches, petioles, and peduncles pubescent; stem erect, slightly angular; leaflets ternate, cuneate-obovate, entire at the base, subplicate, tomentose be- neath ; racemes loose ; pedicels solitary, 1 -flowered. P iir s h FL I. p. 347. Elliott Sk. 1. p. 568. Mutt. Gen. lo p. 308. U. parv if alius Walt, Car. p. 149.
A shrub about 2 feet high, branched, with numerous subulate recurved prickles. Leaves mostly ternate ; leaflets about an inch and a half long, entire, and somewhat revolute towards the base, short-acuminate, whitish-tomentose beneath, un- equally serrate, with the serratures mucronate ; petiole prickly. Racemes simple, terminal ; the inferior pedicels elongated. Segments of the calyx lanceolate, acuminate, very pubescent. Petals oval, white, sometimes r.eddish, three times as long as the calyx. Fruit black, small in quantity, ovate, juicy, weU flavoured.
Hab. In sandy pine woods and fields. Abundant in the pine barrens of New-Jersey. In Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg, June.
5. R. canadensis L. : smoothish; leaves digitate, in fives and threes ; leaflets rhombic-lanceolate, naked on both sides, acutely serrate; stem unarmed, wilh lanceolate bracts ; pedi- cels elongated, 1- — 3-flowered ; calyx i; — 7-cleft. Willd. Spec. II. p. lOoo. L. Sp. pi. 707. Mill. icon, t: 223. Purs h FL !. p. 347. Cvlactis monlana R af. in S i 1 1. Tour. I, p. 377.
iitejn woody,. sarmcntosc, procumbent or reclining, unarmed, somewhat pubescent; shoots 6— 10. inches long. Lower leaves often quinate ; upper ones ternate ; leaflets rhombio
at'Bus, iCOSANDRIA, POLYGYNTA. 489
and rhombic-ianceolatc, thin, entire below, incisely senate above, nearly smooth; terminal leaflet on a short petiilej kracts lanceolate, entire, ciliate. Peduncles terminal, Ire- quently only 1 -flowered, Ca/yx smoothish ; sej^ments linear- lanceolate, very acute, reflexed. Petals oblong;, white, "icarccly as long as the calyx. Fruit small, dark red, wch tasted. ^Iab. In sandy woods and in swamps. Orange county, Nc-w- York. Deei field, Sec. Massachusetts. Coo ley and Hitch- cock. On the Catskill Mountains, N. Y, Kncvela, In the cedar swamp near New-Durham, New-Jersey* June.
6. R. occidentalis L. : branches and petioles glaucous and aculeate ; leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate, acummate, some- what lobed, coarsely serrate, hoary-tomentoso beneath ; pe- tioles terete ; racomes terminal. W ill d. Spec. II. p. 1082, Pursh FLl.^.ZAl. B ig. Bost. fi, }'2l. Elliott Sh I. p. 568. W a It. Car. p. 149. G ro iu Virg, 78, DilL Elth. t. 247. f. 31 9. Cold, Koveb. 1 1 9.
Stems long and slender, curved, Covered with a fine glaucous powder, which is easily rubbed oif. Prickles strong and re- curved. Lea-ves all ternate ; leaflets very white and hoary beneath, incisely and unequally serrate ; tlie lateral ones fre- quently with a deep notch or lobe on the outside j petioles pu- bescent and somewhat prickly. Flowers in terminal leafy ra- cemes. Ca ^yjT tomentose ; segments ovate, acuminate Petals ovate, white, sometimes emarginate. Fruit roundish, biack» and dark purple, sweet and well-flavoured.
Hab. In rocky woods and in stony fields. May — August.
Wild Rasfiherry. — Thimble berry,
7. R. his'pidns L.: sarmentose-procumbent ; stems, pe- tioles, and peduncles very hispid, With rigid bristles ; leaves ternate-, leaflets incisely serrate, naked ; the intermediate one pedicellate* W i t UL Spec. II. p. 1083. Pursh Fl» I. p. 347.
Hab. In Pennsylvania. June. Muhlenberg.
8. Ro trivialis M i c h. : sarmentose-procumbent; pe- tioles and peduncles aculeate-hispid, with the prirkles re- curved; stipules subulate ; leaves ternate and qjinate, oval, acute, unequally serrote ; pedicels solitary, elongated. .M ich, Fl. p. 296. Purs h Fl. I. p. 347. B i g. Bost. p. 122. Elliott Sk. I. p. 569. K. procumbens M u h I. Cat. p. 52.
Stems procumbent) slender, running many feet along the ground, armed with fine recurved prickles, shooting up short erect branches at intervals. Leaves generally ternate, subsemper- virent ; leaflets scarcely more than an inch long, nearly smooth, and a little shining, unequally and coarsely serrate, obtns-ly cuneaie at the base ; the terminal leaflet petiolate. Fl.iv.rz few, terminal, somewhat corymbose by the elongation of ihc 62
490 ICOSANDRIA. FOLYGYNIA. rubu?,
lower pedicels. Segments of the calyx lanceolate, acute. Petals obovate, while, twice as long as the calyx. Fruit large, black, sweet. Hab. In stony and barren fields. May — June. Deivberry,
9. Bi/' odoratus L. : unarmed, erect, viscidly-hispid ; leaves simple, acute, 3 — 5-lobed ; corymbs terminal, divari- cate; calyx appendiculate : petals neai'ly round. fViUdc Spec. II. p. 1083. Bot. Maii\ 323. 3Ii 1 1. ico7i.223. Mich, FL I. p. 207. Pursh Ft. I. p. 348. Big. Boit. p. 123. Elliott S/c. I. p. 570. Bart. FL Am. Sept. II. t. 42.
A shrub 3—4 feet high, branched, pubescent and hispid. Leaves very large, 3-lobed^ cordate ; the lateral lobes sliglitly cleft ; sti- pules subulate. Flowers nearly 2 inches in diameter, in loose spreading corymbs. Calyx covered with brownish viscid haiis ; segments ovate, terminating in a long point, which is some- what leafy at tiie extremity. Petals roundish, bright-purple. Fruit large, honey-yellow, Avell-flavoured, but small in quantity.
Hab. In rocky woods and on mountains. New-England to Ca- rolina. June. Flo-ivering Raspberry,
* * Somewhat herbaceous,
10. R. saxatilis $. canadensis Mick. : herbaceous, pu- ■bescent ; stems creeping; leaves ternate ; leaflets rhombic, acute, incisely dentate, naked ; the terminal one petiolate ; flowers somewhat in threes; pedicels elongated. Mich, J'/. I. p. 29C. Pwrs/i F/. l.p. 349. Elliott Sk. I. T^, 590.
Fruit smallj black- F/i.
Hab. On mountains. New- York to Virginia. Purs/!.
1 1. R. ohovalis M i c h. : stem becoming a little woody, hispid with stiff hairs ; leaves ternate ; leaflets round-obo- vate, seriate, naked; stipules setaceous; racemes subco- rymbed, few-flowered ; bracts ovate ; peuiceis elongated. M i c h. FL I. p. 298. Pursh FL I. p. 349. Elliott Sk. I. p. 590.
Fruit with only a few large grains, black and sweet. P/z. Hab. In sphagnous swamps on the mountains. New- York to Carolina. Pursh. May — July.
This appears to be scarcely distinct from R. trivialis.
12. R. Chamamorus L. : herbaceous, small; stem un- armed, 1 -flowered, erect; leaves simple, subreniform, with rounded lobes; petals oblong. Willd, .S;>ec. II. p. 1090. Smith FL Brit. 11. p. 545. E?;-. Bot. I. 7 ! 6. M i c h, FL I. p. 298. P ur s h FL I. p. 349.
Flotvcrs white. Fruit yellow, or amber-coloured.
Hab. On the high mountains of New-England. Purs h.
cALi^ARDA. ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNfA. 491
327. DALIBARDA. Michaux. Calyx inferior, 8-cleft, spreading. Petals 8. Styles 5 — 8, long and deciduous. Seeds dry. Mi c h. FL I. p. 299. Xutt. Gen.\.^.^^9. B.xi'Bi spp. L., &c. Lam. III. t. 441. f. 3. Nat Ord. Rosace.e J II s s.
l.D. reptm Lam.: villous; stolons creeping; leaves oimple, cordate, crenate ; pedancles 1 -flowered. Lam, Enc. VI. p. 250. P ers. S>/n. If. p. 53. Pursk FL I. p. 350. D. vioUzoidc^ Mich. FL I. p. 299. t. 27. Rubus Dalibardd L. W ill d. Spec. il. p. 1090. Smith icon. t, 20.
i?oor perennial. Siem herbaceous, creeping, rooting and throw- ing out suckers at intervals. Leaves on long petioles, roundish- cordate, about an inch and a half in diameter, hairy on both sides. Scapes l-Howered, filiform, longer than the petioles. Segmentsof the ca/yj7 ovate-lanceolate, 2 or 3 of them toothed towards the summit. Petals white, ovate, obtuse, as long again as the calyx. Stamens very numerous ; JUaments capillary ; antfiers minute. Styles about 7 ; stigmas simple, involute at the summit.
Hab. In woods and on mountains. New-England, and in the northern and western parts of the State of New-York. June.
2. D. fragarioides M i c h. : leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate, incisely serrate, cuneate at the base ; peduncles manj- ilowercd. M i c h. FL I. p. 300. t. 28. Pursh FL I. p. 360. Elliott Sk. I. p. 571.
Root perennial, creeping. Leaves on petioles 3 — 4 inches long, ternate or rarely quinate; leaflets dilated-ovate, hairy on both sides, toothed and serrate above, obtusely cuneate below ; the lateral leaflets subsessile. Sca/ies longer than the petioles, slender, with 2 — 3 small leafy bracts, 3 — 5-flowered. Calyx turbinate, smoothish, with spreading acute segments. Petals yellow, obovate. Sla7ner2s very mimeroxit.
ilAB. In woods ; principally in mountainous regions. Canada "to Carolina. Not found in the Middle States near the sea- coast. May.
328. DRYAS, L. Calyx 8 — 10-cleft ; segments equaL Petals 5—8. Seeds 5 — 8, with long plumose awns. Gen. pi. 868. .Yutt. GV/2. I. p. 309. Juss.p.338. Lam. III. t 443. f. 2. Nat. Ord. Rosacea Juss.
Mountain Avens.
492 ICOSANDRIA, POLYGYNIA. dryas,
D, integrifolia Vahl.: leaves elliptical-ovate, entire, P ers. Syn. li. p. 57. D. tendla P u r s h FL l, p. 350, Egede Descript, of Greenland, ed. 1, p, 42. t. 13, f, 3. (teste Pursh.J
Stems short, cespitose, suffruticose, clothed at the base with the Withered remains uf preceding years. Leaves seropervirentv alternate, petiolatf, smooth, wrinkled above, white and pubes- cent beneath; mariiln revolute, sometimes with one or two small teeth towards ts.e ha'ic, Peduncles elongated, solitary! bearing one large fli-wer, Calyx downy; segments, linear- lanceolate, <jbtube, Petals wliite. Seeds with very long silky, awns, as in s.ine species of Anemone.
Hab. On the White Hills of New-Hampshire. Peck.
This species is also a native of Greenland. It scarcely dif- fers from D. octofietala. The above description was taken, from a Greenland specimen, sent to me by Prof. Ho o k er.
329. GEUM. L,
Calyx 10-clfcft, inferior; the alternate segments; small' r. Petals 5. Seeds awned, with the nw7i naked or bearded, mostly geniculate. Gen. pi. 867. JViitL Gen. L p. 309. Ju s s. p. 330. L a 771. Ill, t. 443. Nat. Ord. Rosa cEiE Jiiss, Avens. — Herb Bennett
1. G, strichim Ait.: hairy; leaves all interruptedly pinnate; the terminalieaflet larger; leaflets ovate, dentate; stipules incised; calyx with 5 alternate segments, linear and short; flowers erect; petals roundish, a little longer than ihe calyx; awns naked, uncinate. Wrlld. Spec. II. p. llI3o jiit. Ktw. II. p. 217. P ur s h FL I, p. 351. G,cmiadensc Murr. in Comm. God. V. p. 33. t. 4. /3. (iide Willd.) Mich, Fh \. p- 300. G. akppictim J a c q. icon, rar. 1. t. 93.
Boot perennial. Siem abotjt 2 feet high, simple. Leaves alter- nate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, incised, acute. Sci/iules large, foliaceous, tleeply incised. Flowers large, in a loose terminal cluster. Calyx unequally cleft ; 5 of the segments ovate, acu- mit^ate, alternating with 5 linear much shorter ones. Petals yellow, spreading. *
Hab. In swamps in the northern parts of the State of New- York ; particularly abundant around Lake George. August.
2. G. agrimonoides Ph.: very hairy ; leaves all pinnate j leaflet> nearly equal, unequally and incisely dentate ; stipules ©vate, nearly entire j flowers erect ; segments of the calyx
t,:iUM, ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. 493
subequal ; petals oval, as long as the calyx. P u r s h F/. I. p. 351.
Flowers white. Ph.
Hab. Oil the rocky banks of the Susquehannah, Pennsylvania. F ur s h.
This, to me, is a doubtful species. I strongly suspect it is the PoTENTJLLA coufertiflora of this work.
3. G. virginianum L. : pubescent; radical and lower cauline leaves ternate ; the upper lanceolate; stipules ovate, nearly entire; flowers erect ; petals shorter than the calyx ; £iwns uncinate, naked, hairy, and twisted at the summit. JFi I Id. Spec. M [>. 11)3, .^ i t. Kew. U. p. '2\1 . Murr, Comm, Goett. VV'p. 32. t. 32. Mi c h. FL I. \). SO]. Pursk Fl. 1.^.351. Big. Bost. Y>. 125. E lliott Sk. I. }p. pT2. Gron, Virg.b^. C o I d. Noveh. \2^>
Root perennial. Stem erect, about 2 feet high, branched above, hairy. Lower leaves large, mostly ternate, sometimes quinate % the upper ones simple, S-lobed, and 3-cleft ; leaflets ovate- lanceolate, incised and coarsely serrate. Stifmles large, ovate, with several large teeth. Flowers on long peduncles, termin- ating the branches, at first nodding, at length erect. Calyx somewhat hairy ; 5 ot the segments ovate, acute ; the other 5 linear, and very minute. Petals yellowish-white, obo^ate, a little shorter than the calyx. Seeds hairy, awned with the per- sistent style, v/hich is tortuous at the summit.
Hab. In woods and thickets. June— July.
4. G. album Willd.: pubescent; radical leaves pin- pate ; stem leaves ternate ; the upper one simple, 3-cleft ; lower stipules incised; flowers erect; petals as long as the calyx ; awns uncinate, naked, hairy at the summit. W illd. .Enum. p. 556, P ur s h Fll. 1^. 3b\. Elliott Sk.]. p. 572.
Flotvers white.
Hab. On the banks of rivers. Pennsylvania to Carolina. Pursh. June^-July9
5. G. rivah L. : pubescent ; stem simple ; radical leaves snterrnptedly pinnate ; cauline ones 3-cleft: flowers nodding ; petals as long as the calyx ; awns plumose, nearly naked at the summit, mitiutely uncinate. Willd. Spec. II, p. II I5« Smith Fl. Brit. II. p. 554. Eng. Bot. t. 172. Mich. J7. 1. p. 301. Pursh Fl.l. p. 35\. Big. Bost. p. 125.
i?oo^ perennial, horizontal. S/e7« a foot and a half high, erect, terete, minutely and retrorsely pubescent, sparingly branched at the summit. Radical leaves interruptedly pinnate or some- what lyrate j the terminal leaflet large, lohed, or 3-cleft ; the rest very small ; all of them coarsely serrate and hairy on
494 fCOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. geum.
both sides. Stifiules ovate, acute. Flowers large, terminal, several on each branch of the stem. Calyx deeply parted, pubescent, purplish ; 5 of the segments ovate-lanceolate, acute ; the rest narrow-linear, and much shorter. Petals dark purple and orange, broadly obcordate, geniculate, rather shorter than the petals. Fruit erect. Hab. In wet meadows and in mountain bogs. Canada to Penn- sylvania. May— June. Water livens. This plant resembles the European G. rivale in every re- specto
6. G. Peckii Ph. : somewhat hairy ; f.lern few-flowered ^ radical leaves rehiform, incisely toothed, and somevihat lobed; petioles elongated, with minute leaflets; petals roundish, longer than the calyx. ' Pursh FL I. p. 352.
Boot long, horizontal, somewhat ligneous. Stem clothed at the base with the vestiges of leaves, about 6 inciies high, simple. Radical leaves on long petioles, truncate at the base, sparingly hirsute on both sides ; petiole very hairy, furnished with se» veral minute leaflets ; stem leaves 2—3, near the summit, very small, about 3-cleft. i^/owers several, (Bi^:) middle-sl^ed. Calyx somewhat hairy, spreading ; 5 of the segments ovate^ acuminate. Petals yellow ? nearly orbicular, about as long as the calyx. 6Vy/e« numerous, smooth, simple at the summit. '
Hab O.- the White Hills of New-Hampshire. Bigelow. z.i\i\ B 0 0 i t. July — August.
A singular, but genuine species, first discovered by Prof. Peck. P u r s h describes the stem as one-flowered, and this is the case in my specimen; b\it Dr. Big elorv, who col- lected the plant in its native situation, informs me, that it bears several flowers. "-
330, POTENTILLA. L,
Calyx flat, 10-cleft, (rarely 8 or 12-cleft) ; segmeiitb alternately smaller. Pc?a//5, (rarely 4.) Seeds or acines siibovate, mostly rugose, immersed in a com- mon receptacle, which is juiceless or spongy, more or less hemispherical. Lehm. Monog. Potent, p. 11.
POTENTILLA, COMARUM, TORMENTILLA, L., Sccf
Gen. pi. 866. NutL Gen. I. p. 310. La?n. TIL t, 442. and 444. CinquefoiL
1 1 have followed JVe stler and Lehman n in uniting T0KMENTU.1.A, CoMAncM, and some species of Fhagabia, to the genus Potentilla ; from which they scarcely differ, except in number, and some otiier unimportant characters.
roTENTiLLA. ICOSANDRIA. TOLYGYNIA. 49i
* Leaves tematci
1. P.' tridentata Ait.: assurgent ; stipules subulate; leaves ternate, oblong-cuneiform, 3-toothed at the summit, smoothish aboi'e, pubescent beneath; corymb loose, few- flowered ; petals oblong-obovate, longer than the calyx. L e h m. Potent, p. 1 90. W i 1 1 d. Spec. II. p. 1 11 0. A i t. Kew. II. p. 216. t. 9. Eng, Boi. t. 2389. Mi c h. Fl. L p. 302. Pursh Fl. I. p. 333.
Boot creeping, somewhat ligneous. Sfe;«s numerous, 3 — 6 inches high, simple, hairy, wiih the hairs appressed, covered at the base with the persistent naked petioles of former leaves. Leaves all ternate, somewhat coriaceous; the upper ones nearly sessile ; leaflets nearly an inch long, a little shining above, mostly 3-tcothed at the summit, sometimes retuse or 5-tcothed. Sti/iiiles lanceolate, acuminate. Flowers middle- sized, 6-i~8 on the summit of each stem, in a sort of corymb; jiedicels short. Culyx hairy ; exterior segments linear ; inte- rior longer, ovate, rather acute. Petals white, sometimes with a tinge of red, obovate, half as long again as the calyx. Re- cejitacie villous.
Hab. Among rocks on the summit of mountains. On the Fish- kill Mountains. New-York. On the Catskill Mountains, N.Y. Kne-v els and Ra fines q u e. Near Williams College, Massachusetts. Dewey. On the White Hills of New- Hampshire. Bige low, June — July.
2. P. hirsuta Mich.: stem erect, simple; leaves ter- nate, petiolate; leaflets roundish, hairy, unequally dentate- serrate ; teeth obtuse ; petals shorter than the calyx. Lehm. Potent, p. 155. Nest. Monog. Potent, t. 9. f. 1. (teste Lehm.) Mic h. FL \. p. 303. Pursh Fl. I. p. 354. P. MoTLSoni De Cand. Cat. Hort. Monsp. p. I35. P. monspeliensis fVilld. Spec. II. p. 1109. Fragaiha parviflora Lam. Fl. Tran. III. p. 112. Pentaphylloides, &c. Moris. II. §. 2. t. 20. f. 2.
Root annual. S^em erect, terete, nearly simple, purple, covered with soft spreading hairs. Lower leaves on long petioles, al- ternate ; the uppermost ones small, opposite; leaflets of the lower leaves roundish ; of the upper oblong or obovate, ob- tuse, toothed, and somewhat incised ; under surface more hairy than the upper. Stifiules ovate-oblong, mostly entire. Flowers few, in a terminal dichotomous panicle. Caly:r hairy; segments equal in length ; the exterior oblong, rather obtuse ; the interior semi-ovate, acute. Petals pale yellow, (white, Mich.,) obovate, slightly emarginate, or almost obcordate, a little shorter than the calyx. Rece/itade ovate, smooth. .^c/?jc.s rugulous. Lehm,
4.98 ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. foi-entilla^
Hab. in the 'vestern parts of the State of New-York. July—" August. Pursh.
According to De Candolle^ this is the original P. mon • speliensis of Linn te us, which is not a native of any par', of Europe, but was introduced long since into the Botanic. Garden of Montpellier, by seeds sent from Virginia or Ca-^ nada.
3. P. norivegica L. : stem erect, dichotomous above ; leaves ternate, petiolate ; leaflets oblong, acutel)' serrate, with spreading hairs j pedicels axillary ; petals obovate, shorter than the calyx. Lehm, Potent, f. 153. Willd. .Spec. 11, p. 1 1 09. FL Dan, 171. Mich. FL L p. 302. Pursh F?. I. p. 355. Big. Bost.^.Ub. Elliott SkA.^> \1Z. V. noveboracensis. Coldo Movtb. 123.
Root annual. Whole plant hairy. Stem 8 inches to a foot and a half high, simple below, dichotomously branched above. Leaves all ternate ', leaflets sessile, acutely and incisely ser- rate. Sti/iulca large, oblong, oblique at the base, subdeniate<. Flonvers terminal, and from the forks of the stem ; fiedicels irom half an inch to an inch or more in length. Segments of the calyx subequal, ovate-lanceolate, acute. Petals yelloWo Rece^itacle ovate, naked, Acines somewhat reniform, smooth, with divergent rugae.
Hab. In old fields ; common. June— August. Introduced I
* * Leaves digitate,,
4. P. canadensis L, : whole plant silky villoas ; stem procumbent and ascending, somewhat branched ; leaves qui- nate-obovate, incisely dentate ; peduncles solitary, elongated; segments of the calyx linear-lanceolate ; petals orbicular, nearlv entire, as long as the calyx. Lehm. Potent, p. 118. M' i U d. Spec. H. p. 1 106, M i c h. Fl. I. p. 303. Pursh F/. I. p. 354. Elliott Sk. I. p. 57^0 Wait, Car. ^. 150.
Root perennial, creeping. Stem 2 — 10 inches long, slender, aS- first assurgent, but at length procumbent. Radical leaves on long petioles ; leaflets about an inch long, entire at the base, acutely and incisely toothed; stem leaves few, small, opposite, S-cleft. Stipules ovate, incised. Flowers middle-sized, on long slender pedicels. Segments of the calyx nearly equal. Petala bright yellow, sometimes a little emarginate. Rece/t- tacle hemispherical, hairy.
Uab. In fields and dry woods. April-^May.
Barren Strawberry,
The P. pumila of Lamar c k appears to be nothing more
than this species as it first appears in the spring, when it is
scarcely more than an inch high, and is nearly destitute of a
stem.
iMSTENTiLLA. ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. 497
5. P. simplex M ich. : stem sarmentose, simple ; leaves quinate ; leaflets oblong-oval, coarsely serrate, hairy beneath 5 stipules incised ; peduncles axillary, solitary, elongated 5 petals roundish-obcordate, a little longer than the calyx, Lehm. Potent, p. 142. J\l i c h, FL I. p. 303. Pursh FL I. p. 354. Big. Bost. p. 124. Elliott Sk. I. p, v>74. P, sarme7itosa Willd, Emim. I, p. 564, P. ta/o- Hniana Lam, Enc. V. p. 595. P e r s. Syn, II. p. 55.
Hoot thick, horizuntal. Whole plant hairyi iStems numerous, somewhat scabr(ms, erect at the base, generally incurved at the summit. Leaves on long petioles, all of them quinate; leaflets oblong, acute or obtuse, rather acutely serrate. Sti' fiules large, laciniate. Pedicels 1 -flowered, as long as the leaves. Segments of the calyx subequal, linear-lanceolate. Petals bright yellow.
Hab. In fields and dry woods. May — August. Five-finger.
6. P. argentea L. : stem ascending; leiaves quinate ; leaf- lets cuneiform, incised, rcvolute on the margin, white and to- mentose beneath ; petals retuse, a little longer than the calyx, Lthm. Potent, p. d4, W Hid, Spec. II. p. 1101. Eng, Bot.t. 81). Pursh FL I. p. 355. Big. BosL p. 124.
Root branched, ligneous. Stents numerous, 4 — 10 inches long, assurgent, or spreading on the ground, purplish, covered with a loose while wool. Leaves all quinate ; the inferior ones pe- tiolate ; leaflets sessile, cuneate, variable in breadth, deeply incised or lobed, very white and woolly beneath, green and mostly glabrous above. Sti/iules ovate, acuminate, some- times incised. -Floioers in terminal duelers; fiediccis ahott. Caltjx very woolly ; segments nearly equal, linear-lanceolate. Petals yellov/jobovaie, emarginate. Receptacle villous.
Hab. On rocks and in barren fields. Rare near New-York. Fishkill, N. Y. Near Boston, Massachusetts. Big e low. In Ncw-Humpshire and Vermont. Pursh. June — Sep- tember.
* * * Leaves pinnate.
7. P.fniticosa L. : stem fruticose; leaves pinnate ; leaf- lets oblong-lanceolate, very entire ; petals longer than the calyx. LrJim. pGlmt.p.3\. W ill d. Spec. \\. p. \0d4. Smith FL Bnt. 11. p. 547. Eng. Bot. t. 88. Pursh FL I. p. 355. V.Jlonbunda Pursh 1. c.
A shrub about 2 feet high, much branched, hairy ; bark on the the stem and larger branches loose and brownish. Inferior leaves on petioles about an inch long ; the uppermost ones subsessile ; leaflets 5, flat, paler beneath; the lowest pair dis- tinct ; the other 3 confluent at the base. Stipules ovate, en- tire. Flowers large, on short pedicels, 2 — 3 at the extremity of each branch. Calyx silky-villous ; exterior leaflets linear -
A08 ICOSANDRIA. rOLYGYNlA. poTENTiLLAi
lanceolate ; inleriov yellowish, ovate, acuminate. Petals bright yellow, obovale-roundish, entire, a little longer than the calyx* Receptacle hemispherical, villous. Hab. In bog meadows. New-Jersey. Abundant in Orange county, New-York. June.
The V.Horibunda oiPursh differs only in being of lower and thicker growth, and with the flowers rather more numerous,
8. P. Anserinq L. : stem creeping ; leaves interruptedly pinnate ; leaflets numerous, incisely and very acutely serrate, silky; pedicels axillary, solitary, as long as the leaves ; sti- pules many-cleft. Lth jn. Potent, p. 7 1 . Willd. Spec, II. p. 1095. Eng. Bot. t. 861. Mich. FL L p. 304. Pur'sh FL I. p. 356. Big. Bost. p. 124.
Root long, branched. Stems long, hairy, reddish. Leaves pe- tiolate'; larger leaflets in 7—10 pairs, alternating with very small ones, ovate-lanceolate, sessile, white and silky beneath, green and hairy above, (sometimes silky on both sides.) Fe- dicels hairy, arising from anxong the leaves. Calyx with the exterior segments laciniate; the interior entire. Petals yellow^ broad-obovate, nearly twice the length of the calyx.
Hab. In wet meadows. On the banks of the Hudson, near Troy. Eaton. Near Boston. Big e low. On the banks of Lake Champlain. Michaux. June.
Silver-weed.—- Wild-tansey.
9. P. sripina L. : stem decumbent, dichotomous ; leaves pinnate -, leaflets oblong, incisely serrate ; peduncles axillary, solitary,' 1 -flowered. L ehm. Potent, p. 42. J acq. FL JusL\.t^06. JilicA. H. I. p. 304. Pursk FLLi>. 356.
Root annual. Flowers small, yellow. P/i. Hab. In overflowed places on the banks of rivers. Canada to Pennsylvania ; principally in the western parts thereof. June- August." Pursh.
10. P. palustris S c op. : root creeping ; stem ascending ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, acutely serrate ; petals lanceolate, acuminate, much shorter than the calyx. Lekm. Potent p 52. P. Comarnm Js'' e s t. Potent, p. 30. Co- UK^v^ipalu^tre L. Wi II d. Spec. 1 1 p. 1 1 1 9. Eng. Bot. t. 172. Mich. FL I. p. 302. Pursh FL I. p. 386. Big. Bost.^. 123.
Root terete, creeping, astringent. Stem about a foot and a half high, terete, smooth below, brownish-pubescent above. Infe- rior leaves petiolate, with 5—7 leaflets; superior leaves ses- sile, ternate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, rather obtuse, whitish and' veined beneath, coarsely serrate. Sti/iules ovale, acute, entire. Flowers terminal and axillary in the upper part of the stem. Calyx coloured, spreading, hairy ; exterior segments
roTENTiLLA, ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. 499
much smaller, lanceolate ; interior broad-ovate, acuminate. Petals dark purple, scarcely half the length of the calyx. Rc- cefitack ovate, spongy, villous, at length covered with the calyx. Hab, In swamps. In New-E'igland, and the northern and western parts of New-York and Pennsylvania ; common. June.
11. P. petins'jivanica L. : erect, very soff, and somewhat \yhitish-villous ; leaves pinnate; leaflets oblong, obtuse, sub- pinnatifid, woolly ; panicle straight, many-flowered ; segments of the calvx semi-oval. L e h m. Potent, p. 33. fV i 1 1 d. Spec. II. p. 1099. J acq. Hart. t. 189. Mich. Fl. I. p. 304. PwrsA FA I. p. 356. G m cL FL Slb.\\\. t. M. f . 1 ?
Hoot perennial, ligneous. Whole plant covered with soft hairs. Steins numerous, simple, erect, straight, a foot and a half or more in height. Leaves interruptedly pinnate ; the inferior on long petioles ; larger leaflets 9— 15, oblong, incisely serrate ; the upper pair confluent at the base ; stem leaves with 3 — 5 leaflets. Slijiules lanceolate, amplexicaul, entire, or rarely cleft. Flowers in a terminal panicle, more or less pedicellate. Calyjc woolly; exterior segments linear-lanceolate; interior ovate, acuminate, petals obovate, a little longer than the calyx, emarginate or obcordate. Recefitacle ovate, conic, ./^cmes rugulous. Lehm.
Hab. In Canada and New-England. Pursh. In Pennsyl- vania. Mu hlenber g. July — August.
I consider thi* an obscure species, having never seen a North-American Potenfilla at all agreeing with the descrip- tion of F. fiennsylvanica as given in the books. Sir J. E. Smith informs me, that P- pennsylvanica of the Linn^ean Herbarium resembles P. recta in shape of leaflets and serra- tures, but is pinnate and very soft-downy.
12. P. c(,nferl>Jlnra* : viscous and very hairy; stem erect, nearly simple ; leaves somewhat interruptedly pinnate ; leaflets rouudish ovate, doubly and incisely dentate, oblique ; iitipules ovate, acute, entire ; ilowers clustered, subsessile ; leaflets of the calyx unequal, oblong, acute ; petals obovate, longer than the calyx. Geum agrimonuichs Pursh Fl. I. p. 351? T orrei/ Cat. pi. Mezo-York, p. 92.
Hoot thick, fuscous. Vv'^hole plant with a dense brovnich pubes- cence, and when young viscid. Stems numerous, aL..:>ut 2 feet high, terete, striate. Leaves mostly in tufts about the root, on very long petioles ; leaflets 5—7 pairs, an inch and a half or more in length, ofLtn witli foliaceous bracts or minute leaflets at tiic bas(', coarsely and doubly serrate ; the sen-atui-cs rather obtuse. Flowers crowded in a terminal pariicle, nearly sessile. Exterior segments of the caly^ ovate-lanceolate, subiucised ; the iniviiur ovate and acute. Petals yellowish-white. 6'm-
500 ICOSANDRiA. POLYGYNiA. potentilla.
mens about 25 ; Jiiaments inserted on the margin of a 5-lobed glandular disk, which surrounds the base of the receptacle, and is adnate to the calyx ; anthers subpeltate, margined. Re- cefitacle ovate-oblong, somewhat villous. Jcines smooth and even. Hab. On rocky hills and banks. Highlands of New-York. Cambridge, N. Y. Stevenson. Deerfield, Massachu- setts. Hitchcock. Near Williams College. Dewey, Vermont. Eaton. June.
This species is nearly allied to P. geoides L e h m. Potent. p. 58, t. 2, but differs in its entire stipules, Sec, It Uby many of our Botanists supposed to be the P. fiennsylvanica ; but. according to Sir J. E. S m i t A, to whom I sent specimens for examination, it is totally unlike that species, or any other that he had seen. The nectary or disk on which the stamens are inserted, is a remarkable character in this genus, and is not no- ticed by Lehmann \\\ his recent elaborate Monography ot PoTENTiLLAc On accouut of this peculiarity Dr. Big e lou proposes it as a new genus under the name of Bootia.I
331. FRAGARIA. L.
Calyx 10-cleft. Petals 5. Ac'uies naked, fixed on a large pulpy deciduous receptacle. Gen. pi 865. Nutt. Gew. I. p. 311. Juss. p. 338. Lam. 111. t. 442. f. 1. Nat. Ord. Ros acE/^ Ju s s. Strawberry.
F. virgiriiana L. : leaflets broad-oval, smoothish above ; the lateral ones distinctly petiolate; hairs of the petiole spreading; of the peduncles appressed ; fructiierous calyx spreading. W 1 1 1 d. Spec. II. p. 1091. Ehrh. Beilr. VII. p. 24. Pursh FL I. p. 357. B i g. Bost. p. \'23. El- liott Sk. I. p. 575. F. canadensis Mich. Ft. 1. p. 299, F. glabra Duham. -^rb. 1. p. 181. t. 5.
Root perennial. Stem erect, very short, throwing out numerous creeping suckers from its base. Leaves ternate, mostly radi- cal, on long petioles ; hairs on the petiole spreading horizon- tally ; leaflets all petiolate, with coarse, rather acute serra- tures ; silky pubescent beneath, Flonvers on long peduncles, in a terminal corymbose panicle. Calyx villous ; segments nearly equal, lin«ar-lanceolale. Petals white, about as long as the calyx, Recffuale large, scarlet, resembling a berry, Acines sm-ioth and even.
Hab. In fields and woods ; comnjon. May-— June.
Wild Slranvberry .
•}■ In honour of Fr a tici s B oott, Esq. an assiduous Botanist, who h paid much attention to North-American plants.
i:ALYCANTHus. iCOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. 501
332. CALYCANTHUS. L.
Calyx urceolate, many- cleft above ; segments squar» rose, coloured, petaloid. Corolla 0. Styles numerous. Seeds numerous, naked, smooth, included in the ven* tricose succulent calyx. Geji. pi 870. Nu 1 1. Gen. I. p. 311. /?/,s^. p. 342. Lam.Ill.t.44>5. Nat. Ord.RosACEJE Jus s. Carolina Allspice.
C. Icevigatus Willd.: segments of the calyx lanceo« ate; leaves oblong or oval, gradually acuminate, somewhat ruf'-ose, smooth and green on both sides ; branches straight, yrect. Willd. Enum. p. 559. Pursh FL I. p. 358. Elliott Sk. 1.1^.517. JV* If U. Gen. I. p. 312. C, feract Mich. FL I. p. 305.
A shrub 4 — 6 feet high. Leaves opposite, entire. Flowers large, terminal, solitary. Calyx brownish-purple, odoriferons* Hab. in the mountains of Pennsylvania. Furs h.
1 if ® ® ^
TO THE
GENERA AND SPECIES
OF VOLUME I.
T/ie names in italics indicate the Synonyms.
|
Page |
AGROSTIS |
Page |
|
|
\CER |
S95 |
racemosa |
92 |
|
barbatura |
S96 |
scabra |
SS |
|
<lHsycarpuin |
396 |
sericea |
1)3 |
|
eriocarpum |
396 |
serotiiia |
88 |
|
liennsylvanicum |
397 |
setosa |
92 |
|
pennsylvanicum |
398 |
sobolifera |
87 |
|
nigrum |
397 |
stricta |
85 |
|
Negundo |
398 |
sylvatiea |
87 |
|
montanum |
398 |
lenuiflora |
87 |
|
rubrum |
395 |
tremula |
89 |
|
saccliarinum |
396 |
\irginica |
89 |
|
striaUnn |
397 |
vulgaris |
85 |
|
ACILXATHERUM 84 |
AGROPYRON |
135 |
|
|
ACORUS |
358 |
repeiis |
155 |
|
Cataimis |
359 |
caiiinum |
135 |
|
JiCTLXOCHLOA |
139 |
AIRA |
132 |
|
^SCULUS |
384 |
aristulata |
131 |
|
echinata |
384 |
cespitosa |
131 |
|
glabra JETHUSA |
384 |
flexuosa |
131 |
|
306 |
melicoides |
116 |
|
|
leptophylla |
306 |
mollis |
116 |
|
AGAVE |
345 |
pallescens |
116 |
|
virginica |
345 |
pallens |
126 |
|
AGRIMOMA |
473 |
pennsylvanica |
116 |
|
Eupatoria |
473 |
prcecox |
131 |
|
parviflora |
473 |
pumila |
132 |
|
AGROSTEMMA |
360 |
purpurea |
118 |
|
Githago AGROSTIS |
461 |
trijiora |
116 |
|
84 |
truncata |
116 |
|
|
aspera China |
00, 91 |
ALCHEMILLA |
190 |
|
86, 91 |
alpina |
190 |
|
|
clandestina |
90 |
ALETRIS |
344 |
|
compressa |
88 |
alba |
344 |
|
decumbens |
86 |
aurea |
344 |
|
diffusa Jilifomiis foliosa |
87 |
farinosa |
345 |
|
86 |
ALISMA |
381 |
|
|
80 |
pa)"vi flora |
382 |
|
|
glauca Idspida |
94 |
FlaiitHgo |
381 |
|
85 |
trivialis |
381 |
|
|
juncea |
89 |
ALLIUM |
340 |
|
indica |
89 |
canadense |
340 |
|
lateriflora |
86 |
cernuum |
341 |
|
luxa |
83 |
ti'icoccum |
341 |
|
mexicana |
86 |
triflorum |
341 |
|
monandm |
91 |
vineale |
340 |
|
pungens |
S9, 90 |
ALOl'ECURUS |
U6 |
ALOPECURUS ?8gfe
arisUilatus 97
borealis 98
carolinianus 97
geniculatus 97
pratensis 97
subaristatiis 97
ALSLYE 452
media 452
AMELAJ^CHIER 7
AMARYLLIS 339
Afamasco 340
AMMANNIA 188
humilis 189
ramosior 189
JIMMI SOS
bipinnatiiin 307
capillaceum 306
tnajus SOG
AM'MOPHILA 95
AMPELOPSIS 265
quinqtiefoUa 266
cordata 26(1
hirsuta 266
AMMYRSIJ\^E 437
buxif'olia 438
ANA^ALLIS 209
arvensis 209
phcenicea 209
AJ\^ATHERUM 155
virqinicum 156
AJVCRUSA 20.S
arvensis 207
canescens 20S
hirta 204
■virginica 203
ANDROMEDA 418
arborea 420
baccata 415
caljculata 419
cerulea 394
hypnoides 41S
ligustriiia 421
mariana 419 paiiiculttta 420, 421
polil'olia 419
racemosa 420
604
iNDEX„
ANDROMEDA Page
upeciosa 4-20
taxifolia 394
ANDHOFOGON 155
ambigmim 99
aveiLuceum 157
dissitiflorum 156
furcHtum 157
inai.Tourum 156
nut;ins 157
purpurascena 156
Scopariiim 156
virgiiiiciim 156
ANGELICA 315
atropurpurea S16
hirsuta 315
lobata 316
luciiJa 316
triquinata 313
AJ^THKRICUM 369
subtriq^yniim 369
AjYTliOPOGOJ^r 99
lepturoides 99
ANTHOXANTHUxM 101
odoratum 101
ANYCtUA 27'2
dicliotoma 273
canadensis 273
APOUYNUM 275
andi-osicmifolium 275
caimabimim • 276
hypericilolium 276
pubescens *276
A It ALIA 327
hispida 328
nudicaulis 327
racemosa 327 328 411
fiUfornun 413
•^Qvam-si 411
ARENARIA 453
canadtusis 456
caroliniaiia 455
glabra 455
lateriflora 454
marina 456
peploidts 453
rubra 456
serpyllifolia 454
squarrosa 454
stricta 455
ARMERIA 329
adscentiQuis 81
dichotoiiia 81
purpurasut^ns 81
racemosa 81
strict a 81
ARISTIOA 80
vnK^ari.-. 329
A RON I A 478
ufbuiifolia 478
Ijotryapiiiiii 479
■,/iclanncarpa 479
ovalitblia 479
purifolia 478 .iJiTHEROS.
'rEMJM'L 385
spinosa ARBUTUS
|
ARRHENATHE- |
Page |
AZALEA |
Page |
|
RUM |
loO |
nitida |
42P |
|
americaniim |
131 |
nndijlora |
424 |
|
avenaceum |
130 |
periclymenoides |
424. |
|
kent'ickeiisis |
131 |
pi/osu |
394 |
|
peiiiisvlvMnicum |
l.U |
proLumbeus |
233 |
|
.IRTHRATUKRUM 81 |
vi-'jcosa |
424 |
|
|
ARUNDO |
93 |
liAPTISlA |
441 |
|
iigrustoides |
94 |
tiiictoria |
441 |
|
annaria |
95 |
BARTONIA |
185 |
|
bi-evipilis |
95 |
tendla |
185 |
|
c:(nHiitii,sis |
93 |
B A- men Li |
203 |
|
c/nnoides |
94 |
cunescens |
203 |
|
coarctata |
94 |
caroliniaiia |
204 |
|
cotifinnis |
93 |
Gemelini |
204 |
|
trluuca |
94 |
liERHERIS |
336 |
|
'Epigf^jos |
95 |
canadensis |
337 |
|
Fhraqmites |
103 |
vulgaris |
336 |
|
stricta |
94 |
BWjYOjXLI |
16 |
|
ASCLEPIAS |
279 |
Catalpa |
16 |
|
acuminata |
283 |
BLEPUILLl |
27 |
|
aiiiceiia |
282 |
nepetotdes |
27 |
|
cordata |
283 |
BLITUM |
4 |
|
debilis |
28-2 |
capitatum |
4 |
|
exalt at a |
280 |
maritimum |
5 |
|
hybrida |
280 |
virtiatum |
4 |
|
iucaniata |
281 |
BO on A |
500 |
|
lancij'olia |
284 |
BRACHYELY- |
|
|
laurifolia |
281 |
TRUM |
102 |
|
ubovata |
284 |
arislaiuiu |
102 |
|
obtiisifolia |
281 |
BRiZA |
lOG |
|
parvijiora |
283 |
canadensis 111, \VZ |
|
|
phytolitccoides |
280 |
caroliniaiia |
115 |
|
pulchra |
282 |
Erag^rastis |
115 |
|
purpurascens |
282 |
media |
106 |
|
quadrilblia |
283 |
B ROM US |
127 |
|
syriaca |
279 |
canadensis 12 |
9, 130 |
|
tabcrosa |
285 |
ciliutus |
128 |
|
Viiriegata |
280 |
c Hiatus |
129 |
|
verticillata |
284 |
mollis |
128 |
|
viriditioia |
284 |
pOceformis |
122 |
|
ASPARAGUS |
357 |
pubescens |
129 |
|
officinalis |
357 |
purgans |
128 |
|
JlSPERA |
284 |
secaliuus |
127 |
|
JiSPRELLA |
74, 138 |
CACTUS |
446 |
|
oryzoides |
74 |
Opuntia |
446 |
|
vivginica |
74 |
CALAAL 1 GROSTIS 95 |
|
|
ATllERUPOGON |
139 |
canadensis |
94 |
|
apludoides |
139 |
culorata |
100 |
|
racemosa |
140 |
mexiana |
94 |
|
ATRIPLEX |
292 |
CALLISTACHYA |
11 |
|
arenaiia |
293 |
virgi/iirn |
11 |
|
Halimus |
293 |
CALLITKICIIE |
3 |
|
Ijortensis |
292 |
aquatic a |
3 |
|
liicinitita |
293 |
aulumiialis |
4 |
|
patula |
293 |
brevifoUa |
4 |
|
AVENA |
131 |
heterophylla |
3 |
|
elatior |
130 |
linearis |
5 |
|
^lumosa |
126 |
terrestris |
4 |
|
paliisiris peimsylvanica ' |
126 |
veriia |
3 |
|
130 |
CALYCANTHUS |
501 |
|
|
prxcox |
131 |
ferax |
501 |
|
spicatu AZALEA |
125 |
tevigatus |
501 |
|
232 |
CALYHTEGIA |
225 |
|
|
iirborescens |
425 |
repcns |
225 |
|
calendulacea |
425 |
tumentusa |
^25 |
|
hispida |
426 |
CAMPANULA |
236 |
|
lapponica |
426 |
atuininalu |
'-isr |
INDEX.
505
|
CAMPANULA |
Page |
"S? |
P«ge |
||
|
americana |
23- |
CERASUS |
CLAYTONIA |
258 |
|
|
amplexicaulis |
236 |
borealis |
468 |
caroliniana |
259 |
|
aparinoides |
237 |
pumila |
470 |
virginica |
259 |
|
erinoides |
237 |
virginiana |
467 |
CLEIHRA |
438 |
|
jlexuosa |
238 |
CERATOCHLOA |
123 |
atnifolia |
438 |
|
nitida |
237 |
unioloides |
123 |
CNIUIUM |
306 |
|
perfoliata |
236 |
CERCIS |
441 |
atropurpureura |
307 |
|
rotundifolia |
236 |
canadensis |
441 |
canadense |
306 |
|
CAPRIFOLIUM |
242 |
CHJEROPHYL. |
COLLINSONIA |
28 |
|
|
bracteomm |
243 |
LUM |
309 |
canadensis |
29 |
|
dioicum |
243 |
canadeJise |
311 |
COJIJAjYDRA |
272 |
|
Jluvum |
243 |
Claytoni |
309 |
umhtllatn |
272 |
|
Fraseri |
243 |
procumbens |
309 |
COMARUM |
498 |
|
gratum |
244 |
CH^TARIA |
81 |
palitstre |
498 |
|
parviflorum |
243 |
purpurascens |
81 |
COMMELINA |
38 |
|
sempervirens |
244 |
stricta |
81 |
angustifo'.ia |
38 |
|
pubescens CASSIA |
242 |
CHKNOFODIUM |
294 |
dubia |
41 |
|
43'J |
album |
294 |
erecta |
S9 |
|
|
chaniKcrista |
439 |
ambrosoides |
295 |
hirtella |
S9 |
|
fasciciilata |
440 |
anthelminticum |
296 |
longifrtUa |
39 |
|
marilandica |
439 |
Bonus Henricus |
294 |
truncal a |
39 |
|
nictitans |
4iO |
Botrys |
296 |
virginica CONIUM |
39 |
|
CATABROSA |
133 |
glaucum |
296 |
312 |
|
|
aquatica |
133 |
hjbridum |
295 |
maculatum |
312 |
|
cespitosa |
132 |
maritimum |
296 |
CONOSTYLIS |
543 |
|
pumilu CATALPA |
133 |
rhombifolium |
294 |
americana |
343 |
|
16 |
rul)rurn |
295 |
CONVALLARIA |
353 |
|
|
bignonoides |
16 |
teriuifolium |
297 |
biflora |
356 |
|
cordifolia |
16 |
viride |
4,32 |
bifolia |
353 |
|
syringijolia CAULOPHYL- |
16 |
CHIMAPHILA |
432 |
borealis |
355 |
|
corymbosa |
432 |
canalicuiala |
357 |
||
|
LUM |
335 |
macidata |
432 |
latifolia |
357 |
|
thulictroides |
336 |
umbeHatn |
432 |
multiflora |
S5& |
|
CEANOTHUS |
259 |
CHIONANTHUS |
7 |
Polygo7iatuni |
357 |
|
americanus |
260 |
virginica |
7 |
pubescens |
356 |
|
lierbaceus |
260 |
CHIRO.yiA |
217 |
racemosa |
354 |
|
pereiinis CELASTRUS |
260 |
angularis |
218 |
stellata |
354 |
|
262 |
calycosa |
218 |
trifolia |
354 |
|
|
scandens |
262 |
cumpamdata |
217 |
umbellulata |
355 |
|
CELTIS |
299 |
chtovoides |
218 |
CONVOLVULUS |
224 |
|
cordifolia |
300 |
dichetoma |
218 |
arvensis |
224 |
|
crassifolia |
300 |
gracilis |
217 |
mi |
227 |
|
occidentalis |
300 |
lanceolata |
219 |
panduratus |
225 |
|
pumila |
SOO |
stellata |
217 |
purpureus |
22C |
|
CENCHRUS |
68 |
venosa |
219 |
repens |
225 |
|
caroli?iianus |
68 |
CHLORA |
218 |
Sepium |
225 |
|
echinatus |
68 |
dodecnndra |
218 |
spitliamseus |
225 |
|
tribtdoides |
69 |
CHLORIS |
139 |
stans |
225 |
|
CEMTAURELLA |
185 |
curtipendnla CHRYSOSPLE |
139 |
CORA'UCOPI^ |
83 |
|
autumnalis |
185 |
altissima |
84 |
||
|
paniculata |
185 |
NIUM |
445 |
hyemalie |
84 |
|
CEJ\rTARlUM |
185 |
oppositifolium CICUTA |
445 |
CORN US |
177 |
|
autumnale |
185 |
307 |
alba |
179 |
|
|
CEPHALANTHUS |
163 |
bulbifera |
308 |
alternifolia |
180 |
|
occidentalis |
164 |
niaculata |
308 |
canadensis |
177 |
|
CERASTIUM |
458 |
venenata |
316 |
circinata |
179 |
|
bracteatum |
460 |
• ;1NNA |
91 |
fastigiuta florida |
180 |
|
glutinosum |
459 |
arundinacea |
91 |
177 |
|
|
liirsutum |
459 |
CIRC^A |
29 |
lanuginosa |
178 |
|
longepeduncidatum |
459 |
alpina |
30 |
paniculata |
iTi |
|
nutans |
459 |
canadensis |
29 |
racemosa |
179 |
|
oblong! folium |
16(; |
lutetiana |
29 |
rugosa |
179 |
|
pubescens |
459 |
lutetiana jS. |
29 |
sanguinea |
178 |
|
semiilecandruin |
459 |
■JISSUS |
265 |
san^uinea |
180 |
|
tenuifoliuna |
460 |
Ampelopsis |
266 |
sericea |
178 |
|
viscosum |
458 |
hederacea |
i;66 |
stolonifera |
179 |
|
vnlgatuin |
458 |
CLADIUM 64 |
,'14 |
stricia |
180 |
bOfi
INDEX.
|
GORNUS |
Page |
CYPERUS |
Page |
|
lomentiilosa |
179 |
spatkaceus |
58 |
|
CR.iJn'ZM |
304 |
sti-igosus |
62 |
|
linenta |
3,04 |
tenuis |
62 |
|
CRAIVEGUS |
474 |
tuberos7is |
62 |
|
coccinea |
474 |
uiicinatua |
59 |
|
cordatM |
474 |
virens |
63 |
|
CriH galli |
476 |
DACTYLIS |
125 |
|
elljptica |
475 |
cynosuroides |
69 |
|
gli..>djlosa |
475 |
glomerata |
125 |
|
lei'cop,i/eos |
475 |
maritima |
71 |
|
parvitolia |
.475 |
DALTBARDA |
491 |
|
popuUfolia |
474 |
fragarioidcs |
491 |
|
punctata |
476 |
repens |
491 |
|
pj-iiiolia |
475 |
violteoides |
491 |
|
pyrifolia |
478 |
DANTHONIA |
125 |
|
racemnsa |
479 |
sericea |
126 |
|
spicata |
479 |
spicata |
125 |
|
tomentosa |
475 |
DATURA |
231 |
|
CRYPSiS |
96 |
StramoniuTO |
232 |
|
virginica |
96 |
Tatxda |
232 |
|
CllYPTA |
32 |
DAUCUS |
308 |
|
minima |
Sii |
Garota |
308 |
|
cue UB ALUS |
448 |
DECOnOM' |
471 |
|
Behen |
449 |
aquaticum |
471 |
|
nivens |
449 |
vertidllatum |
471 |
|
refiexus |
451 |
DESCHJIMPSIA |
132 |
|
steJIatus |
449 |
DEVAUXM |
103 |
|
CUNILA |
522 |
Jluitans |
163 |
|
glabella |
23 |
DIANTHERA |
17 |
|
mariana |
22 |
(imericana |
17 |
|
pulegioidcs CUPHEA |
24 492 |
eiisiformis UIANTHUS |
447 |
|
viscosissima |
472 |
Armenia |
447 |
|
CURTOPOCOJ^' |
8t |
niAPENSIA |
230 |
|
dichotomum |
81 |
barbulata |
231 |
|
CUSCUTA |
289 |
cuneifolia |
231 |
|
americana |
289 |
lapponica |
231 |
|
eurot)xa |
290 |
obtusifoUa DIARljYA |
231 |
|
CYMBOPOGOjY |
155 |
124 |
|
|
CYNOUON |
98 |
f'estticoides |
124 |
|
Dactylon |
99 |
DiARRHENA |
124 |
|
CYJ^JIMCHUM |
278 |
aniericana |
124 |
|
obliquunt |
278 |
DIERVILLA |
238 |
|
CYNOGLOSSUM |
207 |
canadensis |
238 |
|
amplexicaule |
208 |
hximilis |
238 |
|
officinale |
208 |
lutea |
238 |
|
virginiciim |
208 |
Tourneforti; |
238 |
|
CYJVOSURUS |
134 |
DIGITARIA |
153 |
|
indicua |
J34 |
Daclylon |
99 |
|
GYPEKUS |
59 |
filiforraig |
155 |
|
brizxua |
60 |
glabra numifusa |
154 |
|
cespitosus |
60 |
154 |
|
|
compressQS |
63 |
lachiemum |
154 |
|
dnntatus |
61 |
paspalodea |
154 |
|
diaiidi-us |
.60 |
pilosa |
155 |
|
er> throrhizos |
6! |
sanguinalis |
154 |
|
fla^escens |
60 |
scroti na |
155 |
|
flavicomus |
64 |
villoaa |
155 |
|
Hydra |
63 |
niGRAP/flS |
100 |
|
inflexua |
59 |
DILATRIS |
37 |
|
mariscoides |
59 |
Heritiera |
38 |
|
Nuttallii |
60 |
tinctoria |
38 |
|
odor^ttus |
U |
DILEPXRUM 81 |
,102 |
|
parvifloriis |
61 |
aristosiim |
82 |
|
phj matodes |
62 |
nmiutiflorvm nijYEBA |
102 |
|
Pur.'ihii |
49 |
139 |
|
|
repens |
62 |
DIODIA |
170 |
nroDFA
teres
viiginica DIPLACHJ^E
fascicularis DIPSACUS
siflvestris DlkCA
palmtris DODEGATHEON
integritolia
Meadia DRACOJYTIUM
foetidum DliOSERA
americana
anffustifolia
iilitbrrais
foliosa
longifolia
rotundifolia
tenuifolia DRYAS
integrifojia DULIGHIUM
canadense
spathaceum ECHIJ\rOCHLOA
Cms Gain ECHrj\rOSPER- MUM
Lappula
virg-miana ECHIUM
vulgare E LEO CHAR IS
acicularis
capitata
palustria ELEUSINE
indica ELYMUS
canadensis
caminus
carolinianus
glaucifolius
Histrix
philudelphicus
villosus
virginicus EPIGJEA
repens EPILOBIU.Vf
afis^ustijhlium
atigustissimu9
coloratura
lineare
moUe
oligajithum
rosmarinifoliutn
spicatum
tquamatum
strictum ERAGROSTIS
pilosa
poxoides ERICA
c<erul6a
Page
170 123 122 164 165 S98 399 21S 214 214 191 191 331 331 331 332 331 331 331 333 491 492 58 59 58 140 140
208 209 205 205 44 45 45 45 134 134 136 137 137 137 137 138 137 138 137 428 428 392 391 392 392
391 392 392 107 114 115 394 394
pi/osa ^RIGEmA
buU/osa SliFOPHORUM
alpinura
angustifolium
cespitosum
cyperinum
budsonianum
latifoHum
poly stachy urn
tenellum
vaginatara
virgin! cum ERYNGIUJM
aquaticum
ovalifoliwn
virgatum
virgin! cum
yuccifolium :iRYThRONIUM
albidutn
araericanuta
J}ens Canis
lanceolaCum
lonnfolium EUONYAfUS
araericaniis
atropurpurens
obovatus J^UOSMUS EUTRIAJ^A
curtipendula EXACUM
pulcliellum FAGOPYRUM FEDIA
radiata FERULA
villosa FESTUCA
brevifolia
hromoidea
ciandestina
diaiidra
distichophylla
duriuscula
elatior
iascicularis
fluitans
muUifiora
Myurus
nutans
obtnsa
octojlora
polystachya
pratensis
procumbent
quadrijlora
rubra
rubra
tenella
unioloides FIMBRISTYLIS
autumnalis fcrrugineum pu^erulua
Page
394
304
304
«4
65
67
55
50
55
66
66
66
65
66
300
301
301
301
301
301
349
350
350
350
550
350
aeo
^61
^u
261 408 139 139 186 186 406 34 34 315 315 119 104 I'^O 123 124 105 120 121 122 103 122 >19 122 121 120 122 121 122 119 120 121 120 124 44 52 53 93
INDEX.
FIMBRISTYLIS Page
60T
GEUM
|
spadiceum |
53 |
strictum |
492 |
|
FLCERKEA |
339 |
virginianum |
49S |
|
lacustris |
339 |
GILLENIA |
483 |
|
proserpinacoiies |
339 |
stipulacea |
484 |
|
uliginosa |
339 |
tritoliata |
483 |
|
FRACxARIA |
500 |
Gl^AUX |
474 |
|
canadensis |
500 |
markipia |
474 |
|
parvijlora |
500 |
GLYCEREA |
J03 |
|
virginiana |
500 |
acutijSora |
104 |
|
FRASERA |
187 |
fluitans |
105 |
|
caroliniana |
isr |
GONOLOBUS |
277 |
|
verticillata |
187 |
hirsutus |
278 |
|
Walteri |
isr |
obliquus |
278 |
|
FRAXIJ^US |
3 |
GOMOLOpiUM |
278 |
|
FUIRENA |
67 |
.caroliniamim |
27g |
|
sqiiarro^a GALIUM |
67 |
hirsutum |
278 |
|
164 |
GRATIOLA |
12 |
|
|
Aparine • |
166 |
acwninata |
IS |
|
asprellum |
166 |
anagallidea |
14 |
|
bermudianura |
169 |
aurea |
12 |
|
boreale |
169 |
caroliniana |
la |
|
btfreale |
168 |
inaguulis |
14, |
|
brachiatum |
168 |
megalocarpa |
IS |
|
brachiatum |
168 |
officinalis |
13 |
|
circxzans |
168 |
12 |
|
|
circteoides |
168 |
virginica |
13 |
|
Claytoni |
165 |
GYMNOPOGON |
99 |
|
cuspidatum |
167 |
racemosum |
,99 |
|
lanceolatum |
168 |
GYMJVOSTI. |
|
|
micranthum |
167 |
CHUM |
13g |
|
pilosum |
167 |
GYROMIA |
374 |
|
aejHentrionale |
169 |
virrinica HAMAMELIS |
374 |
|
strictnm |
169 |
192 |
|
|
tinctorium |
166 |
androe^na |
192 |
|
tr!fidum |
165 |
dioica |
192 |
|
triflorum |
167 |
monoica |
192 |
|
verum |
J65 |
virginica |
192 |
|
GAULTHERIA |
412 |
HAMILTONIA |
271 |
|
hispidula |
413 |
oleifera |
271 |
|
procumbens |
412 |
HEDEOMA |
23 |
|
r. i^rpy"JM^ |
413 |
fflabrum |
23 |
|
GAURA |
390 |
pulegioides HEDERA |
24 |
|
biennis |
391 |
266 |
|
|
GENTIANA |
385 |
quinquefolia |
260 |
|
amarelloides |
288 |
HEDYOTIS |
171 |
|
angustifolia |
287 |
glomerata |
171 |
|
criiiita |
288 |
uniflora |
171 |
|
linearis |
287 |
virginica wnbellata |
171 |
|
ochroleuca |
286 |
171 |
|
|
Pneumonanthe |
287 |
HELONIAS |
36§ |
|
PseudO'Piieumor |
angustit'olia |
369 |
|
|
nanthe |
287 |
aspiwdeloidet |
370 |
|
puberula |
288 |
borealis |
S72 |
|
purpurea |
287 |
bullata |
369 |
|
quinqueflora |
288 |
dioica |
370- |
|
SaJ^oSariS''"' |
288 |
erythrosperma |
369 |
|
286 |
Ixta |
369 |
|
|
villosa |
286 |
latifoUa |
369 |
|
GEJVTIAJ\rELLA |
289 |
lutea |
370 |
|
GEUM |
492 |
pumila |
370 |
|
agrimonoides |
492 |
tenax |
371 |
|
affrimonoides album |
499 |
tomentosa |
343 |
|
493 |
virginica viridis |
367 |
|
|
aleppicum |
492 |
368 |
|
|
canadense |
492 |
HEMEROCALLIS |
345 |
|
Peckii |
494 |
fulva |
343 |
|
rivals |
^S3 |
HEMIANTHUS |
15 |
ifOii
INDEX.
HEMIANTHUS Page
micranthemoicies 15
HERACLEUM 313
lanatiim 313
JIETERJiXDRA 41
reniformis 41
HETERANTHERA 41
acuta 41
, graminea 41
graminifolia 41
renitbrniis 41
JIERITIERA 37
Gemelini 38
tinctoria 37
HERPESTIS 15
micrantlia l5
UEUCHERA 290
americana 290
Cortusa 290
grandiflora 291
pu!)escens 291
■viscida 290
HIEROCKLOA Hg
alpina 150
boreaiis 150
fragran.i i 50
IlIPFURIS 2
vulgaris 2
HOLCUS 151
alpina 150
avenaceus 130
borealis 150
fragrans 150
ianatus 151
r'a.rMff 105
monticola 150
odoratus 150
repens 1 50
striatus 116
UOLOSTEUM 159
succulentum 159
HORDEUM 158
jubatum 158
murinum 158
HOTTONIA 215
inflata 216
palustris 21 6
llOUSTONIA 172
angustifulia 173
ciliolata 173
coerulea 172
Ijinnxi 172
longifolia 173
pubesL-ens 174
purpurea 173
varians 173
HYDRANGEA 442
arborescens 443
Wi'vea 443
radiata 443
vulgaris 442
lIYDROrOTYLE 302
americana 303
bipinnata 304
composita 304
composita 305
cymbularifoUa 304
■nterrupta SOS
HYDROCOTYLE Page
lineata 304
ranuncaloides 304
sinensis 504
umbellata 303
iimbellulata 303
vulgaris 303
HYUROPHYLLUM 219
appendiculatum 220
canaflense 220
virginicum 219
HYOSCYAMUS 224
niger 224
HYFOXIS 341
caroliniensis 342
erecta 342
HIPOPYTHYS 330
eiiroptea 431
lanuginosa 430
ICTODES 191
foetidus 191
JEFFERbONIA 399
Bartoni 399
(lipliylla 399
ILEX 193
Agnifolium 194
canadensis 194
opaca 194
IMFATIENS 248
aurea 248
*£/ora 249
fuJva 249
maculata 249
J^i'oli-tancfere 248
pallida " 248
lOA'IBIUM 858
Spren^elianum 258
IPOMiEA 226
lacunosa 226
Nil ~ 227 226 35
cristata 37
gracilis 36
lacustris 37
prismatica 36
versicolor 35
virginica 35
virginica 36
ISNARDIA 181
hirsuta 1 81
palustris 182
ISOLEPIS 43
lineata 51
ITEA 247
viiginiea 248
JUNCUS 359
acuminatus 363
acutus 360
anstulatus 362
bicornis 361
biglumis 362
bufonius 363
bull)usus 363
campestris 365
dichotomua 363
echinatus 364
effusus 359
purpurea IRIS
JUNCUS f»agc
fiUformis 360
Jluitans 364
gracilis 361
marginatus 362
melanocarpus 366
nodosus 361
pilosus 3C1
polycephalus 363
setaceus 360
spicatus 366
squarrosus , 360
subverticillatus 364
st/lvaticjis 364
tenuis 360
trifidus 362
verticillatus 364
JUSTICIA 16
americana 17
linear if olia 17
pedunculosa 17
KALMIA 422
angustifolia 422
glauca 422
glanca 423
latifolia 422
polifolia 423
KJ\'OXM 173
purpurea 173
k<i:leria 116
pennsylvanica 1 16
truncata 116
KYLLINGIA 43
monocephala 43
ovularis 58
LACHNANTHES 37
tinctoria 37
LASIERPA 413
LAURUS 408
Benzoin 409
Borbonia 408
caroliniensis 408 PseudO'Benioin 409
Sassafras 409
LEDUM 436
buxifolium 438
latifoliura 437
palustre 437
thymifolium 438
LEERS I A 74
monandra 74
oryzoides 75
virginica 74
LEIOPHYLLUM 437
buxifolium 438
LEMNA 30
gibba 5i
minor 31
polymorpha 31
trisulca 30
LEONTICE 335
thalictroides 336
LEFTANDRA 11
virgbica 11
LEPTHANTHUS 41
peruviana 41
reniformis 41
virginica 41
iNDEXo
509
LIGUSTTCUM
actaifolium
barbinode
scoticum LIGUSTRUM
vulgare LILIUM
canailense
Catesbai
pennsylvanicum
pbiladi'lphJcum
spectabile
superbum LIMJVETIS
cynosuroides juticeu
polystachya LINUKRNIA
attenuata
dilatata
monticola
pyxidaria LINNjEA
borealis LINUM
virginianura
usitatissiniiim LITHOSFERMUM
arvense
canesctns
carolividHum
denticulaluiu
hirtum
latifolium
rnaritimuin
nolle
officinale
pulchelhim
virginianum LOB.iniUM
aromaticinn LOBELIA
Cardinalis
Claytoniana
Dorlm^nna
goodenoides
gracilis
inflata
Kalmii
Kabnii
Nutlallii
pallida
paludosa
puberula
siphilitica
spicata LOISELURIA
prociimhens LOLIUM
perenne
temulentum
viilgare LOPHIOLA
aurea LONJCERA
ciliata
Diervilla
Page
312
313
317
312
S
6
S48
348
S4-9
349
348
349
349
69
€9
70
LONICERA
dioica
Bava
gi-ata
hirsuta
media
parviflora
«empervirens
Symphoricarpus
vi/losa LUDWIGIA
a/teruifolia
apetala
auraniiaca
hirsuta
hirtella
macrocarpa
nitida • paliistris
pUosa
ramosissinia
uniflora LUZULA
CHUipestris
melanocarpa
pilosa
spicata
vernnlis LYCOPUS
omericamis
UTig-nstifoHus
Europveas ^.
Eitrop(EUS
exaltatus
humilis
virginicus
unifloi'us LYCOPSIS
arvensis
virginica LYOA'IA
ligitstrina LYSIMACHIA
aiig-ustifolia
bulbifera
capitata
ciliata
heterophylla
hirsuta
hybrida
longifolia
punctata
quadrifolia
racemosa
revoluta
stricta
thyrsiflora LYTHKUM
Cuphea
hyssopifolia
petiotutum
Salicaria
veiticillatum MJlIAJVTHEMUM 353
canadeiise 354
MALUS 480
angustifolia 480
coronaiia 480
65
243 244 242 243 243 «44 246 245
MARISCUS
cyperiformis
ecliiiiatus
ovularis
iietrofractus
timbellatiis
Page 57 64 5S 58 57 64
JVLrCTUSCHKEA. 380
aquatica 381
ME BE OLA 374
virginica 2nk,
MEGASTACHTA 107
canadensis 112
hyp7ioides 115
reptans 115
spec tahi lis 114
MELANTHIUM 366
densum 370
dioiciim 370
glaueum 367
hybridum SG7
Ixtum 369
musaetoxicum 369
phalangioides 369 racemosum 367, 371
virgiuicum 367
MELICA 138
altissima 139
glabra 139
mutica 139
speciosa 139
MENYANTHES 214,
tracliysperma 215
trifoiiata 2l4
MENZIESIA 394.
ccerulea 394
fervnginea 395
globularis 555
pilosa 395
Smithii 355
MEET E ASIA 202
MESPILUS ATS
arborea 479
urbutifolia 478
axillaris 474
canadensis 479
ciineifclia 476
lacimata 475
lucida 47S
Xantliocarfms 475
MIC HOP ETA-
LUM 452
gruinineum 452
lanceolatum 453
MILIUM 77
amphicarpum 77
ciliatum 77
efFusum 77
paspalodex 154
pungens 78
racemosum 79
riqidifolittm 79
MitCHELLA 174
repens 174
MllELLA 446
cordifolia 445
diphylla 445
renifurmis 44#
^10
INDEX.
|
Page |
ONGSMODIUM |
|
|
MOLLUGO |
159 |
hispidum |
|
verticillata |
160 |
molle |
|
MONARDA |
24 |
ncabrum |
|
ciliata |
27 |
ORNITHOGALU |
|
clinopodiij |
2C |
uinbeilatum |
|
coccinea |
24 |
ORNUS |
|
riidyma |
24 |
americana |
|
fistulosa |
2G |
europtea |
|
hirsuta |
27 |
ORONTIUM |
|
Kalmianq, |
25 |
aquaticum |
|
lute a |
26 |
ORYZ9PSIS |
|
mollis |
25 |
asperifolia |
|
oblongata |
25 |
metanocarpa |
|
punctata |
26 |
OXALIS |
|
purpurea MONOTROPA |
24 |
Acetosella |
|
430 |
cornicujata |
|
|
Hypopithys |
431 |
stricta |
|
Hypopitfiys |
430 |
viola cea |
|
lanuginosa |
430 |
OXYCOCCUS |
|
JiIoriso7iiana |
431 |
fiispidulus |
|
xiniflora |
431 |
maci'ocarpus |
|
MUHLENBERGIA |
82 |
imlgaris |
|
aristata |
102 |
PANAX |
|
diffusa |
82 |
pusillum |
|
erecta |
J02 |
quinquefoliuin |
|
MYOSOTIS |
206 |
trj folium |
|
arvensls |
206 |
PANICUM |
|
Lappula |
208 |
agi-ostoides |
|
palustris |
200 |
agrostidiformis |
|
scorpoides |
206 |
anceps |
|
verna |
207 |
alopecuroideum |
|
virgiinanpi, ^YRRHIS |
209 |
capillare |
|
309 |
clandestinum |
|
|
canadensis |
310 |
Ci-usGalli |
|
Claytoni |
309 |
Bactylon |
|
310 |
depauperatum |
|
|
procumbeiis |
309 |
dichotomuin |
|
NARTHECIUM |
S47 |
dichotomijlorum |
|
americanum |
347 |
discolor |
|
pubens |
371 |
elongatiim |
|
J\rECTRIS |
339 |
JiUforme |
|
pinnata jv^EGUJvniuM |
339 |
geniculatum |
|
398 |
glabrum |
|
|
J^'EGUJ^DO |
398 |
glauciim |
|
fraxinifoUum |
398 |
liispidum |
|
^^■£C0T1ANA |
223 |
involututn |
|
rustica |
223 |
latifolium |
|
OBOLARIA |
187 |
lalifiMum fi. |
|
yirginica |
188 |
longifolium |
|
CE1J\<'AjYTHE |
314 |
macrocarpum |
|
riqida |
314 |
miliaceum |
|
CENOTHERA |
387 |
muricatum |
|
biennis |
387 |
nervosum |
|
canadensis |
390 |
nilidum |
|
chrysantha |
.390 |
peduncuhtura |
|
fruticosa |
389 |
peiinsylvaiiicwn |
|
grandiflora |
388 |
proliferum |
|
incana |
389 |
piibescens |
|
muriciita |
3g8 |
reclum |
|
parviflora |
388 |
rqstrutum |
|
punaila |
390 |
saiigninale |
|
pusilla |
390 |
scoparium |
|
sinuala |
388 |
strictum |
|
OLVEJ^LAJ\rjDM |
171 |
strigosum |
|
glomerata |
171 |
virgatura |
|
iiniflora |
171 |
viride |
|
ONOSMODIUJ^f |
204 |
Walteri J |
|
Page |
Page |
|
|
204 |
PARNASSIA |
323 |
|
204 |
runericana |
324 |
|
205 |
caroiiniana |
324 |
|
JM 347 |
ovata |
324 |
|
348 |
palustris |
324 |
|
7 |
PASPALUM |
75 |
|
8 |
ciiiat^folium |
75 |
|
8 |
ciliatum |
75 |
|
357 |
dasyphyllum |
75 |
|
357 |
Isevc |
76 |
|
71 |
pubescens |
76 |
|
71 |
racemosum |
76 |
|
79 |
setaceum |
76 |
|
461 |
stolonifcrura |
76 |
|
461 |
PAS P ALUS |
75 |
|
462 |
filiformis |
155 |
|
462 |
Levis |
75 |
|
462 |
serotinus |
155 |
|
393 |
setaceus |
7.6 |
|
413 |
stoloniferus |
77 |
|
493 |
PASTINACA |
314 |
|
393 |
ambigua |
315 |
|
291 |
rigida |
314 |
|
291 |
sativa |
314 |
|
292 |
triquinata |
315 |
|
291 |
PJIVIA |
384 |
|
140 |
ohioeiisis |
384 |
|
146 |
PEjVJVISETUM |
152 |
|
147 |
PENTHORUM |
463 |
|
147 |
sedoides |
463 |
|
152 |
PEPLIS |
32 |
|
149 |
americana |
32 |
|
141 |
PERIPLOCA |
277 |
|
141 |
grieca |
277 |
|
99 |
PERSICARM |
402 |
|
144 |
PHACELIA |
220 |
|
145 |
liipinnata |
220 |
|
148 |
fimbriata |
220 |
|
146 |
parviflora |
220 |
|
147 |
PHALANGIUM |
346 |
|
155 |
esculentutn |
346 |
|
148 |
Quamash |
346 |
|
154 |
ossifragum |
347 |
|
152 |
PHALARIS |
100 |
|
141 |
americana |
100 |
|
144 |
arundinaccQ, |
100 |
|
141 |
canariensis |
100 |
|
142 |
caroiiniana |
100 |
|
149 |
PHLEUM |
&S |
|
143 |
pratense |
98 |
|
148 |
PHLOX |
827 |
|
142 |
aristata |
228 |
|
143 |
diyaricata |
229 |
|
145 |
latifolia |
227 |
|
241 |
niaculata |
228 |
|
I 147 |
paniculata |
227 |
|
148 |
pyramidalig |
227 |
|
144 |
reptans |
229 |
|
148 |
setacea |
229 |
|
147 |
siolonifera |
229 |
|
154 |
PHRAGMITES |
102 |
|
142 |
communis |
102 |
|
148 |
PHYLLADQCE |
894 |
|
149 |
laxifolius PHYSALIS |
394 |
|
147 |
233 |
|
|
152 |
lanceolata |
23* |
|
14J, 142 |
obscura |
339 |
PHVSALIS
pennsylvaaica pruinosa viscos<t l-HYTOLACCA
decMiidra PIPTATHERUM
nigrum PLAjXERA
Richardi tLANTAGO cordata
cucuUata
hybrida
internipta
kentuckensis
lanceolata
lineanfolia
major
maritima
maxima
media
oligajitho$
pancifiora
piLsilla
virgiiiica J*OA
alpina
amabilia
annua
aquatiea
aruntMnacefi
autumnalia
brevilolia
canadensis
capi Maris
compressa
crocata
dentata
elongate
Eragrostis
fasciculata
Jtexuosa
^vitans
hirsuta
hydrophylla
hypnoidea
laxa
tineata
maritima
nemoralis
nervata
Obtusa
obtusa
paluatrit
parviflora
pectinacea
pilosa
plumosa
pratenaia
pungens
quinquefida
reptans
serotina
aerotina 0.
seslerioidea
stolonifera
apectabilia
Page 234 233 233 464 464 79 79 299 399 182 182 185 185 185 182 184 185 l83 184 185 183 184 184 184 183 106 108 114 107
Page 111 118 114
110 109 441 441
index:.
POA
striata
subverticillata
tenella
trivialis
viridis PODALTRIA
tinctoria PODOPHYLLUM 399
diphi/Uiim 399
POLLIJ\'iA 157
scopariu * I56
POLYGOJVATUM 356 358 358 357 357 356 356 400 403
4or
405 400 402 403 406 404 406
ang-ustifblium hijl<iru7n
108 109 108 112 123 110
ill
107 11.2 115 107 109 103 114 111 115
lis
111 108 111 111 112 115 111 112 114 114 114 109 109 118 114 110 111 118 110 II4I
canaliculatum lat/f'iliitm tnultifiorum pulicscmi$ POLY(^ONUM amplsibium arifoiium ardculatum aTiculare barbatum Bistorta cilinode coccineum Convolvulus erectum glaucum Hydropiper hydropiperoidea incaynatiim lapathifoliura linifolium marilimum murinum mite nutans orientale pennsylvanicum Persicuria punctatum sagittatum scandens lenue
virginianum nviparum POLYUOjXELLA POLYPOGOJSr glomeratna raoemosus getoms PONTKDERIA angustifolia coi-duta mucronata POTAMOGETON capillaceum compressum crispum diversifolium exstipulaceum fluitans gramineum heterophjilum hybridum
51! POTA.MOGIiTON Page
lucens marinmn natans paucifloram pectinaceumi perfoliatutn setaceum POTENT! LL A argcntea Anserina canadensis caroliniana Comarum conftTtiflora Jloribunda fruticosa geoidea hirsuta jyiorisoni monspeciensig norwegica palustris penns3lvanica pumila sarmentosa simplex supina tridentata
400 POTHOS
400 402 402 404 404 401 401 401 402 404 405 404 405 402 407 406 401 403 401 403 91 92
fcetida ovata PRIMULA farinosa pusilla PRINOS arnbiguus glabra Gronovii lasvig«tus padifoliua verticillatus PROSERPiNACA palustris pectinacea PRUNUS acumiyiata borealis canadensis depressa lanceolata maritima mollis nigra
pennsylvaniea pubescens pumila pygmsea serotina sphxt'ocarpa vifginiana 198 PSAMMA 197 arenaria IgslPlELEA 196 1 triCoiiata 198|PTEROSPORA 196 Aadroiuedea igePULMONARfA
197 198
197
198
494
497
498
496
497
498
499
497
497
500
495
495
495
496
498
499
49«
497
497
498
495
191
191
S58
112
213
213
837
338
338
337
338
338
337
161
161
162
467
47©
46S
46S
470
468
470
470
469
468
469
469
4C»
467
469
467 95 95
189
189
428
429
3Q.r
51:
INDEX,
|
FULMONAHIA |
Page |
RHYNCHOSPORA Pagej |
SABATTIA |
Page |
|
|
denticnlata |
203 |
^lomerata |
55 |
angularis |
218 |
|
maritima |
203 |
iaxa |
57 |
caiicosa |
218 |
|
parvijlora |
203 |
Io7igiro3tris |
57 |
chloroides |
218 |
|
sibirica |
203 |
sparsa |
56 |
corymbosa |
219 |
|
vir^inica |
201 |
EIHES |
267 |
gracilis |
217 |
|
PURSHLi |
204 |
alhinerviorn |
267 |
paniculata |
219 |
|
hispida |
2(.)4 |
CyJiosbati |
269 |
stellaris |
217 |
|
mollis |
205 |
Cjnosbati |
273 |
SAGINA |
195 |
|
PYROLA |
43-2 |
floridum |
267 |
uperala |
195 |
|
asarifolia |
433 |
glandulosum |
968 |
procumbens |
195 |
|
chlorantha |
433 |
gpacile |
269 |
virginica SALTCORNIA |
185 |
|
elliptica |
433 |
hirtellum |
269 |
i |
|
|
m.'iculata |
435 |
hicustre |
270 |
ambigua |
2 |
|
minor |
434 |
oxycaiithoides |
270 |
herliacea |
1 |
|
rotundifolia |
432 |
oxycaiithoides |
270 |
viiginica |
1 |
|
secunda |
434 |
pennsylvanicum |
268 |
SALSOLA |
297 |
|
umbellata |
435 |
prostratum |
268 |
caroliniana |
297 |
|
unifloia |
434 |
recurvatum |
267 |
Kali |
297 |
|
FYRULARIA |
271 |
rigens |
268 |
linearis |
297 |
|
oleifera PYRUS |
271 |
trifidum |
268 |
Salsa |
297 |
|
485 |
triflonim |
269 |
Soda |
298 |
|
|
angustitolia arbnlifolia |
480 |
UIVINIA |
190 |
Tragus SALVIA |
298 |
|
478 |
Isevis |
190 |
27 |
||
|
Boiryapiuni |
479 |
UOCHELIA |
208 |
Claytoni |
28 |
|
coronaria |
480 |
Lappu!a |
208 |
Grata |
28 |
|
mela?iocarpa |
479 |
vireiniana |
209 |
urticifolia |
27 |
|
ova lis |
479 |
ROSA |
484 |
verbenaca |
28 |
|
PYXHMJVTHFJiA 231 |
Carolina |
486 |
SAMBUCU& |
321 |
|
|
barhiilata |
231 |
caroliniana |
485 |
canadensis |
321 |
|
qUERU |
273 |
corymbosa |
486 |
pubens |
321 |
|
cmmdensis |
273 |
gemella |
485 |
pubescens |
322 |
|
cupula cea |
273 |
lucida |
485 |
SAMOLUS |
216 |
|
RHAMNUS |
263 |
nitifla |
485 |
Valerandi |
216 |
|
ahiifolius |
263 |
parviflora |
485 |
SANGUISORBA |
175 |
|
catliarticus |
263 |
pemisylvanica |
485 |
canadensis |
176 |
|
fra?ip-uloides RHEXIA |
263 |
rubiginosa |
486 |
media |
176 |
|
385 |
suaveolens |
486 |
SANICULA |
302 |
|
|
ciliosa |
386 |
virginica |
486 |
canadensis |
302 |
|
mariana |
386 |
RURUS |
486 |
marilandica |
302 |
|
petiolaia |
387 |
canadensis |
488 |
SAPONARIA |
447 |
|
vire,inica |
385 |
Chamxmorus |
490 |
officinalis |
447 |
|
RHODODENDRON 423 |
cuneifolius |
488 |
SAURURUS |
380 |
|
|
arboreum |
425 |
Dalibarda |
491 |
ceinuus |
381 |
|
©alendulMceum |
425 |
hispidus |
489 |
SAXIFRAGA |
443 |
|
hispidum |
425 |
Idaus |
4U7 |
7iivalis |
444 |
|
lapponicum |
426 |
obovalis |
490 |
pennsylvanica |
444 |
|
iTiaxiraum, |
426 |
occidcntalia |
489 |
ver7ialis |
444 |
|
nitidum |
425 |
odoratus |
490 |
viiginiensis |
444 |
|
nudiflorum |
424 |
parvifolius |
488 |
scjij\'nix |
309 |
|
•viscosum |
424 |
pennsylvanicua |
488 |
didcis |
309 |
|
RHODORA |
427 |
procumbens |
489 |
procumbens SCHEJVODOEU |
309 |
|
canadensis |
427 |
saxatilis ^. |
490 |
S 120 |
|
|
RHUS |
322 |
strigosus |
488 |
elatior |
121 |
|
aromaticuiti |
324 |
trivialis |
489 |
obtttsua |
J 21 |
|
copalliuum |
323 |
villosus |
487 |
pratensis |
121 |
|
glabrum radicaiis |
322 |
RUMEX |
377 |
teiiellus |
120 |
|
324 |
Acetosella |
378 |
SCHEUCHZERIA |
372 |
|
|
suaveolens |
324 |
aquaticus |
S78 |
palustris |
372 |
|
Toxicodendron |
323 |
Britannica |
378 |
SGHCENUS |
53 |
|
typhinum |
322 |
britannicua |
379 |
albus |
S3 |
|
Vernix |
323 |
crispus |
378 |
angustifalius |
58 |
|
RHYNCHOSPORA 54 |
obtusifolius |
379 |
capitatus |
55 |
|
|
alba |
54 |
sanguineus |
378 |
capitcllatus |
55 |
|
capillacea |
55 |
verticillatus |
379 |
corniculatus |
57 |
|
capitellata |
58 |
RUPPIA |
198 |
cymosus |
56 |
|
ST |
56 |
maritima |
199 |
fuscus |
55 |
|
55 |
ISABATTIA |
227 |
Slomeratus |
55 |
INDEX.
513
|
SCHtENUS |
Page |
SELIJVUM |
Page |
SORBUS |
P«ge |
|
longirostris |
57 |
canadense |
306 |
miciocarpa |
477 |
|
mariscoides |
54 |
SESUVIUM |
477 |
SPAHTINA |
69 |
|
Mariicua |
54 |
portulacastrum |
478 |
cynosuroides |
G9 |
|
setacem |
56 |
sessile |
478 |
glabra |
70 |
|
aparsus |
56 |
SETARIA |
152 |
juncea |
70 |
|
apathaceus SCHOLLERA |
58 |
glauca |
15-2 |
polystachya |
69 |
|
40 |
italica |
153 |
pumila |
70 |
|
|
graminifolia SCILLA |
41 |
piirpwascens |
153 |
SFERGULA |
457 |
|
347 |
verticillata |
153 |
arvensis |
457 |
|
|
esciilenta |
347 |
viiidis |
152 |
decumbens |
457 |
|
SCIRPUS |
43 |
31BBALDIA |
330 |
nodosa |
457 |
|
acutus |
49 |
procumbens |
330 |
sag-inoides |
45r |
|
acicularis |
45 |
SILENE |
450 |
SPERGULAS. |
|
|
atrovirens |
49 |
antirrhina |
450 |
TRUM |
452 |
|
autumnalis |
52 |
caroliniana |
450 |
graimneum |
452 |
|
americanus |
47 |
Catesbtei |
450 |
lanceoLitum |
453 |
|
brunneus |
49 |
itiflata nivea |
449 |
SPRRMACOCE |
170 |
|
capillaceua capitatus |
45 |
449 |
diodina |
170 |
|
|
45 |
nocturna |
451 |
SPIGELIA |
221 |
|
|
capillaris |
52 |
pennsylvanica |
450 |
maiilandica |
221 |
|
cespitosus |
47 |
virginica |
450 |
SPIR^A |
480 |
|
ciliatifolius |
52 |
virginica |
450 |
alba |
481 |
|
cyperiformis debilis |
63 |
SISON |
305 |
Aruncus ^. |
482 |
|
48 |
aureus |
305 |
chaiiKedrifoUa |
482 |
|
|
echinatus |
58 |
bulbosum |
304 |
corymbosa |
482 |
|
Eriophorum |
50 |
canadense |
304 |
crenata |
482 |
|
eriophorus |
50 |
capillaceus |
306 |
hypericifolia |
482 |
|
exaltatus |
49 |
integerrimus |
305 |
lobata |
483 |
|
ferrugiaeus |
53 |
marnnutum SISYRINCHIUM |
314 |
opulifdia |
483 |
|
glaucescene glaucus intermedius |
45 |
42 |
salicifolia |
481 |
|
|
44 |
anceps |
42 |
stipulata |
484 |
|
|
46 |
bermudianum |
42 |
tomentosa |
481 |
|
|
lineatus |
51 |
gramineum |
42 |
trifoliata |
483 |
|
lacustris |
48 |
mucronatum |
43 |
SPOROBOLUS |
84, |
|
maris ciformis |
63 |
SIUM |
311 |
STAPHYLEA |
325 |
|
mariiimus |
50 |
denticulatum |
311 |
trifolia |
325 |
|
macrostacliyos |
50 |
latifolium |
311 |
STAT ICE |
328 |
|
Tninimus |
51 |
lineare |
311 |
Arraeria |
328 |
|
mucronatus |
48 |
longifolium |
315 |
caroliniana |
329 |
|
mucronulatus |
52 |
rigidiim |
314 |
Limonium |
329 |
|
obtusua |
45 |
temdfolium |
312 |
SIELLARIA |
451 |
|
palustris |
45 |
SMILACIJ^A |
353 |
graminea |
452 |
|
pendulus |
51 |
borealia |
355 |
lanceolata |
453 |
|
planifolius |
46 |
canadensis |
363 |
longifolia |
452 |
|
polyphyllus puberulua |
56 |
racemosa |
355 |
longipes |
451 |
|
53 |
stelluta |
354 |
media |
452 |
|
|
pusiUus |
46 |
trifolia |
354 |
pubera |
452 |
|
retrofractus |
57 |
umbellata |
355 |
uniflora |
455 |
|
robustus |
50 |
SMYRNIUM |
307 |
STIPA |
80 |
|
apathaceus |
59 |
atropurpureum |
307 |
avenacea |
80 |
|
spadiceus |
53 |
aureum |
305 |
bar bat a |
80 |
|
subsquarrosus |
51 |
cordatum |
307 |
bicolttr |
SO |
|
subterminalis |
47 |
integerrimum |
305 |
capillaris |
93 |
|
thyrsijlorus |
50 |
trifoliatum |
307 |
diffusa |
9* |
|
trichodes |
45 |
SOLANUM |
235 |
sericea |
93 |
|
triqueter |
47 |
alatum |
235 |
virginica |
80 |
|
tenuis |
44 |
carolinianum |
235 |
STREPTOPUS |
352 |
|
validua |
48 |
Dulcamara |
235 |
distortus |
353 |
|
SCLERANTIIUS |
448 |
nigrum |
235 |
lanuginosus |
353 |
|
annuus |
448 |
pterocaule |
235 |
roseus |
352 |
|
SECALE |
136 |
SO LEA |
258 |
SWERTIA |
18G |
|
cereale |
136 |
stricta |
258 |
corniculata |
186 |
|
SEDUM |
463 |
SOP MORA |
441 |
deflexa |
186 |
|
portulaccoides |
463 |
tinctoria |
441 |
JMichauT-'-ra |
186 |
|
telephioides |
463 |
SORBUS |
477 |
SYA'I .. :V |
187 |
|
ternatam |
464 |
americaiia |
477 |
S46 |
|
|
SELim/M |
3oe |
Aucuparia |
477 |
glomera^ |
24fi |
S14
INDEX.
|
SYMPHORIA. |
"S? |
TRILLIUM |
Page |
VACCINIUxM |
Paga- |
|
racemose |
Catesbcei |
376 |
album |
41% |
|
|
SYMPHORICAR- |
cernuum |
376 |
amoenum |
415 |
|
|
PUS |
246 |
eiectum |
376 |
corymbusum |
415 |
|
raceinosus |
246 |
erytlirocarpum |
375 |
disomorphum |
416 |
|
vulq-aris |
246 |
foetidum. |
376 |
dumosum |
414 |
|
SYMPLOCARPUS |
191 |
grandiQorum |
377 |
frondosum |
415 |
|
IcetKla |
191 |
pendulum |
377 |
frondusum |
415 |
|
ST.YTflERISMA |
154 |
pictum |
375 |
fuscatum |
415 |
|
pi\ecox |
154 |
pumilum |
376 |
gaultherioides |
417 |
|
serotina |
155 |
. pusillum |
376 |
glaucum liirtellutn |
415 |
|
THA.PSIA. |
317 |
rhomb'jideum |
375 |
415 |
|
|
trifoliata |
317 |
sessile |
374 |
Iiispidulum |
41S |
|
THASFIUM |
305 |
stylnsum |
376 |
ligustrinum |
417 |
|
actxifolium |
Sl;3 |
undulatum |
375 |
Uguatrinum |
43£ |
|
atropurpureum |
307 |
TRlOniA |
107 |
macrocarpon |
393 |
|
aureum |
305 |
pallida |
107 |
Oxycocvus |
39S, 394 |
|
bnrbinode |
317 |
cuprtea |
118 |
peniisylvanicum |
415 |
|
THKSIU.M |
271 |
TRIOSTEUM |
247 |
resiuosura |
415 |
|
umbell.tutn |
27-2 |
peifoliatum |
247 |
slamineum |
414 |
|
TIARELLA |
445 |
TRISETUM |
126 |
teneiiura |
417 |
|
cordifolia |
445 |
pa lustre |
126 |
tenellum |
415 |
|
TOFIELDIA |
371 |
peniisylvanicum |
131 |
uliginosura |
417 |
|
palustris pubens |
37'Z 371 |
purpuras cens TRTTICUM |
127 135 |
virsratum VitTs Idsa |
416 418 |
|
pubescejis |
371 |
cestivum |
133 |
VALERIAjYA |
35 |
|
TORRE SM |
150 |
caninum |
136 |
locusta |
35 |
|
TRACHY.^-OTIA |
69 |
repens |
135 |
radiata |
35 |
|
cynosuroidea |
69 |
ULMUS |
298 |
VERATRUM |
368 |
|
juncea |
70 |
americana |
298 |
album |
368 |
|
polqstachya |
69 |
aspera |
299 |
luteum |
370 |
|
traDescantia |
3S4 |
fulva |
299 |
viride |
36$ |
|
aristata |
335 |
nemoi-alis |
299 |
VERBASCUM |
322 |
|
rosea |
335 |
7'ubra |
299 |
Blattaria |
223 |
|
vii-ginica |
335 |
UNIOLA |
104 |
Lychnites |
223 |
|
virsrinica |
3J5 |
distichophylla |
104 |
I'hapsus |
223 |
|
TRCMKA |
139 |
gracilis |
105 |
VERONICA |
8 |
|
TRt';HOCHLOA |
93 |
latifalia |
105 |
agi-eatis |
10 |
|
c»pilli<ris |
93 |
sijicata |
105 |
anagallis |
9 |
|
filifiirmis |
86 |
URALEPIS |
117 |
arvensis |
10 |
|
ghmerata |
92 |
ai'istulata |
117 |
Beccabunga |
9 |
|
long-iseta |
87 |
purpurea |
118 |
carnulnsa |
11 |
|
setosa |
92 |
URASPERMUM |
309 |
caroliniana |
11 |
|
sobolifera |
87 |
Clayioni |
309 |
marilandica |
11 |
|
TRlCHOUIUAf |
82 |
UTRiCULARIA |
17 |
officinsilis |
8 |
|
elatum |
83 |
ceratophylla |
18 |
peregrina |
10 |
|
laxiflorum |
83 |
cornuta |
19 |
renitormis |
11 |
|
montanum |
84 |
gibba |
19 |
romana |
11 |
|
scabrum |
83 |
inflata |
17 |
scutellata |
9 |
|
stnctum |
85 |
macrophylla |
19 |
serpylfifolia |
8 |
|
TRICHOPHO. |
minor |
19 |
vir^nica VIBURNUM |
11 |
|
|
RUM 43. 44 |
pumila |
19 |
S17 |
||
|
alpinum |
65 |
purpurea |
20 |
acerifoliura |
320 |
|
cyperinum |
50 |
saccata |
20 |
dentutura |
319 |
|
lineatum |
51 |
setacea |
19 |
edule |
321 |
|
TRICUSPIS |
118 |
striata |
20 |
Lantanoidei |
319 |
|
sesleiioides |
118 |
subulata |
19 |
Lantago |
318 |
|
TRIDEJVS |
118 |
vulgaris |
18 |
nudum |
318 |
|
quinquefida |
118 |
UVULARIA |
351 |
Opulus |
320 |
|
TRIENIALIS |
382 |
amplexifolia |
353 |
Oxycoccus |
320 |
|
americana |
382 |
flava |
351 |
Rqfitiesqjiianum |
32» |
|
europaea TRIGLOCHIN |
38'2 |
grandiflora |
351 |
pruni folium |
318 |
|
372 |
lanceolata |
352 |
pubescens |
320 |
|
|
elatum |
373 |
lanuginosa |
353 |
pyrifolium |
318 |
|
marginatum |
37a |
perfoliaU |
357 |
squumatum |
319 |
|
palustre |
373 |
rosea |
352 |
tomentosum |
320 |
|
TRlLLiL : |
374 |
sessiUfolia |
352 |
trUobum |
320 |
|
atropurpi . *, |
.'.76 |
VACCINIUM |
414 |
villosum |
320 |
INDEX.
515
Page ylLFA 84
VILLARSIA 215
aquatica 215
lacunosa 215
trachysperma 215
riJVCETOXICUM 278
249 253 258 256 258 252 252 255 251 254 258 252 251 256 258 249 257 257 '253 256 251
VIOLA
aquatica
arvensis
asarifolia
bicolor
barbata
blanda
canadensis
ciliata
•landestina
concolor
cordata
cucullata
debilis
dentate
digitata
eriocarpa
hastata
Janceokta
Muhlenbergii
oHiqua
VIOLA
ochroleuca ovata pulmata papilionacea pedata
pennsylvanica primulit'olia prmulifolia pubirscens rotundifolia rostrata sagittata sororia striata tenella ttliginosa villosa VITIS aestivalis cor di folia hederacea intermedia Labrusca odoratissima qilinquefolia riparia vulpina
Page
i!55 251 250 251 249 257 253 251 257 252 256 250 252 255 257 256 252 264 26S 264 266 265 264 265 266 265 2G4
WLYDSORIA
pallida
poceformis WUkMBEA
bullata XANTHORHIZA
apiitblia
simplicissima
tinctoria XEROPHYLLUM
setitolium XYLOSTEUM
ciliatum
oblongifolium
Solfinis
tartaricum
villoaum XYRIS
brevifolia
caroliniana
Jiexuosa
jupicai ZEOCRITON ZIZIPHORA
glabella
mariuna
pulegioides
Page 118
107
118
345
345
333
333
333
333
370
370
244
245
245
245
345
245
40
30
40
40
40
158
22
23
iisr^^isn lITBm^^
|
Page |
Page |
Page |
|||
|
Agrimony Alum-root |
47S |
Buck-bean |
214 |
Darnel |
133 |
|
290 |
Buck-eye |
384 |
Day-flower |
38 |
|
|
American centaury |
218 |
Buck-thorn |
263 |
Day-lily |
345 |
|
Columbo |
187 |
Bull-rush |
SCO |
414 |
|
|
cowslip |
214 |
Burning-bush |
261 |
Deer-grass |
386 |
|
herb paris |
374 |
Burr-grass |
368 |
Devil's-Lit |
370 |
|
laurel |
432 |
Butterfly-weed |
285 |
Dewberry |
490 |
|
Angelica |
328 |
Button-bush |
154 |
Dock |
373 |
|
Apple Arrow-grass |
481 |
Culamus |
359 |
Dodder |
289 |
|
373 |
Calico-bush |
422 |
Dog's-banc |
275 |
|
|
Arrow- wood |
319 |
Campion |
449 |
Dog's-tooth violet |
350 |
|
Asparagus |
357 |
Canary.grass |
100 |
Dog-wood |
177 |
|
Avens |
492 |
Cuncer-weed |
28 |
Duck's-meat |
30 |
|
Balsam |
248 |
Cardinal-flower |
242 |
Elder |
321 |
|
Barberry |
33G |
Carrot |
309 |
Elk-nut |
271 |
|
Barley |
15S |
Carolina allspice |
501 |
Elm |
298 |
|
Bastard-aloe |
346 |
Carolina pink-root |
222 |
Enchanter's nightshade 29 |
|
|
Bastard-loosestrife |
180 |
Catalpa |
16 |
False sanicle |
446 |
|
Bastard-toadflax |
272 |
Catchfly |
450 |
Feather-grass |
80 |
|
Beacli-plum |
470 |
Cat's-tail-grass |
98 |
Fescue-grass |
119 |
|
Bear-berry |
411 |
Cherry |
467 |
Fever-bush |
409 |
|
Beard-grass |
155 |
Chess |
128 |
Fever-wort |
447 |
|
Beaver-wood |
300 |
Chickweed |
428 |
Fiorin-grass |
86 |
|
Bed-sti-aw |
165 |
Chick weed-winter- |
Five-finger |
497 |
|
|
Bell-flower |
236 |
green |
383 |
Flag |
35 |
|
Bell-wort |
551 |
Choke-berry |
479 |
Flax |
S30 |
|
Bent-grass |
85 |
Choke-cherry |
468 |
Flower-de-luce |
35 |
|
Bermuda-grass |
98 |
Cinquefoil |
494 |
Flowering ash |
8 |
|
Bind-weed |
224 |
Cleavers |
165 |
Forked-chickweed |
273 |
|
Bird's-nest |
430 |
Club-rush |
43 |
Fox-tail-grass |
67 |
|
Bitter-sweet |
263 |
Cockle |
401 |
Fringe-tree |
7 |
|
Blackberry Black-heart |
487 |
Cock's-foot-grass |
141 |
Gentian |
286 |
|
405 |
Cohosh |
336 |
Ginseng |
292 |
|
|
Black salt-wort |
274 |
Colic-root |
345 |
Glass-wort |
1 |
|
Black snake-root |
302 |
Columbo-root |
187 |
Goat's-beard |
483 |
|
Bladder campion |
449 |
Corn-cockle |
461 |
Golden-pert |
13 |
|
Bladder-nut |
325 |
Cornel |
177 |
Golden-club |
358 |
|
Bladder-wort |
17 |
Cotton-grass |
65 |
Golden-martagon |
349 |
|
Blue-eyed-grass |
42 |
Couch-grass |
137 |
Golden-saxifrage |
445 |
|
Blue-grass |
110 |
Cow -parsnip |
314 |
Good-King-Henry |
294 |
|
Bog-rush |
360 |
Crab-apple |
380 |
Gooseberry |
267 |
|
Bottle-grass Box-elder |
152 398 |
Crab-grass Gi-anberry |
154 393 |
Goose-foot Grape |
294 264 |
|
Brome-grass |
126 9 |
Culver's physic |
12 |
Grass-poly Grass of Parnassus |
271 225 |
|
Brook-lime |
Currant |
257 |
|||
|
Brook-wet,' |
216 |
Cypress-grass |
59 |
Great-burnet |
17i |
INDEX.
bV
|
Pa-el |
Page |
Page |
|||
|
flromweii |
202 |
Nightshade |
335 |
Skunk-cabbage |
19i2 |
|
<^ round-cherry |
233 |
Might-willow-herb |
287 |
Slippery-elnn |
299 |
|
Ground-laurel |
428 |
Nine-bark |
482 |
Small bugloss |
207 |
|
Hackberry 309 |
319 |
Oak fit" Jerusalem |
S9G |
Soai>--»\ort |
447 |
|
Hair-grass |
133 |
Oat-grass |
131 |
Soft-grass |
151 |
|
Hard-hack |
481 |
Oil-nut |
271 |
Solomon's-seal |
353 |
|
Hawthorn |
474 |
Onion |
340 |
Sorrel-tree |
421 |
|
Hedge-hyssop |
I'i |
Oraclie |
29'J |
Snow-beriy |
246 |
|
Hemlock |
r.1'2 |
OrchaT-d-grass |
125 |
Speed-well |
S |
|
Henbane |
2'i4 |
Osw ego-tea |
'i51 |
Spice-wood |
408 |
|
Holly |
194 |
Panic-grass |
140 |
Spider-wort |
334 |
|
Honeysuckle |
242 |
P;irsnip |
314 |
Spike-a;rass |
104 |
|
Honey-woi-t |
305 |
Partridge-berry |
175, 412 |
Spikenard |
32S |
|
Hoop-ash |
300 |
Pear |
480 |
Spindte-tree |
261 |
|
Horse -ehesntit |
384 |
Pearl-woit |
194 |
Spurrey |
457 |
|
Horse-iuint |
«F. |
PeniQ-'roya! |
24 |
Staff-kree |
262 |
|
Horse-wee*! |
29 |
Persiearia |
380 |
Stag's-horn |
32;} |
|
Sndian-chickweed. |
160 |
Peter's-wort |
246 |
Star-grass |
342 |
|
Indian-cucumber |
3-4 |
Pickerel-weed |
343 |
Star of Bethlehem |
317 |
|
fndian-hemp |
275 |
PimijerneS |
209 |
Stitch- wort |
452 |
|
Indian-physie |
000 |
Pine-sa|. |
430 |
Stone-erop |
4&J |
|
indian-tobaeco |
241 |
Pink |
447 |
Strawlierry |
500 |
|
fnk-berrv |
339 |
Pink-root |
f222 |
Strawberry-tree |
261 |
|
JIacob's-lAdder |
230 |
Pipsissewa |
A35 |
Straw beny-spinacSii |
S |
|
.Tudas'-trce |
4M |
Plantaiti |
!82 |
Sumach |
322 |
|
,(une-berry |
479 |
Pk-,m |
467 |
Sugar-maple |
39T |
|
Knawel |
448JPoison-ehk'r |
323 |
Sun-dew |
331 |
|
|
Knot-graw |
400 Poison-oak |
324 |
Suallow-wort |
279 |
|
|
Knot-root 29 |
, 400 Foison-vitje |
324 |
Swamp-hellebore |
3C8 |
|
|
Labrador-tea |
43ClPoke |
484 |
Swanip-sumacfa |
323 |
|
|
Lady's-thumb |
4u5l Poke-root |
368 |
Sweet- biiar |
48 5 |
|
|
Lady's-iTianlle |
igol Pond-weed |
196 |
Sn-eet-cicdy |
310 |
|
|
Lf-ather-woofi |
398iPrickiy-ash |
328 |
Sweet-flag |
359 |
|
|
l.ily |
348 jPrJekly-pear |
4G7 |
S weet-pepper-hus!i |
439 |
|
|
Lily-of-the-valley |
3531 Pi im |
7 |
Sweet-scented verna, |
||
|
Lizard's-tail |
380 j Primrose |
213 |
grass |
ioi |
|
|
Loosestril'e |
210 1 Privet |
7 |
Thimble-berry |
4S(« |
|
|
Liing-wort |
201 iQuaking-grasS |
307 |
Thin-grass |
Si |
|
|
liyme-grass |
137 1 Raspberry |
499 |
Thorn-apple |
23':i |
|
|
!Vf a^l y -bsy-bfean |
440 Ued-bay |
408 |
Thrift |
328 |
|
|
Maple |
595 Ked-bud |
441 |
Tobacco |
223 |
|
|
Mare's-tail |
2 Red-elm |
299 |
Turk's-cap |
349 |
|
|
Marsh-grass |
69 Ked-root |
38, 260 |
Unicorn's-Iiorn |
370 |
|
|
IVl arsh -penny-wort |
303 |
Ked-mapie |
396 |
Upright-honeysMckle |
424 |
|
^Vlai'sh-roseraary |
S9S |
Red-top |
35, 119 |
Venus'-pnde ' |
173 |
|
JMarsh-samphire |
I |
Red-grass |
74 |
Vine |
264 |
|
Jlarsh-ti-efoJI |
214 |
Rose |
484 |
Violet |
249 |
|
May-bush |
47C |
Rusli |
359 |
Vii-ginian stone-crop |
463 |
|
Meadow-grass |
107 |
Rye |
136 |
Water-a%-^ns |
494 |
|
Meadow-sweet |
48C |
Sa5;e |
27 |
Water-chickweed |
a |
|
Mechoacanna |
225 |
SaU-woi-t |
297 |
Water-tlnck |
874 |
|
Melic-grass |
139 |
Sand-cherries |
469 |
Water- feather |
216 |
|
Millet-grass |
Sand-myrtle |
43« |
\^'ater-horehouQd |
21 |
|
|
Moose-wood |
39 S |
Sand-wort |
453 |
W^ater-leaf |
219 |
|
Mountain-ash |
477 |
Sanicle |
302 |
Water-plasitaia |
S8i |
|
Mountain-avens |
491 |
Snsssifras |
408 |
Waxwork |
263 |
|
Mountain-baira |
24 |
Saxili-agc |
443 |
Wheat |
135 |
|
Mountain-dittany |
2^ |
Scorpion -grass |
206 |
White-ash |
7 |
|
Mountain-leek |
241 |
Seneca-grass |
150 |
White-elm |
299 |
|
Mountain-laurel |
42: |
Sensitive-pea |
440 |
White-hellebore |
368 |
|
Mountain-pink |
2-2< |
Ser^-ire-tree |
447 |
Whortle-berry |
414 |
|
Mou nt ai n-su m ach |
33r |
Shad-flower |
479 |
Wild-allspice |
409 |
|
Mouse-ear-chickweed 45S |
Sheep-sorrel |
480 |
Wild-cherry |
467 |
|
|
Mulltin |
222 |
Shrubby-trefoil |
190 |
Wild-elder |
329 |
|
Nettle-tree |
30t |
Silk-weed |
279 |
Wild-garlic |
341 |
|
Ke'.v.,Tcr.iev-fca |
260'Sipsis3ewa |
435 |
Wild-indi!?t> |
447. |
|
|
Cfy |
518
INDEX.
Wild-pea
Wild-penny-royal
Wild-pink
Wild-potato
Wild-sarsaparella
WiM-timothj
Page
439
24
451
225 327
159
Willow-herb
Winter-berry
Winter-cherry
Winter-greea
Wire-grass
Witch-haze3
Page 391 337 233 432 139 192
WooJljiiic-
Wood-sorrel
Worm-seed
Yard-grass
Yellow-eyed-grass
Yellow-root
I'age 242 461 296 135 40 3J3
r.^D 01 THE FIRST VOLUME.
ERRATA IN VOLUME FIRST.
Page 1, line 10, (ov penduncled, 1. peditnded.
10, line 4, after pubescent, add leaves. 37, line 7, for shorter, 1. longer.
45, line 1, for glauceceiis, 1. glaucescens.
60, line 4 from bottom, for Goldy, read Goldie.
131, line 18 — , iov Avena, veaAMra.
' line 2, for americana, read americanum ; and for
kentuckensis, read kentuckense, 139, line 9, for glabra, I. mutica. — line 16 from bottom, dele /F- 186, line 7, for subsulcate, read bisulcate. i209, bottom line, for seeded, I. celled. 224, line 9 from bottom, for leaves, i. /o6e*. 262, line 21, for 5?^/e, 1. Capsule. 272, line 9, after erect, insert leaves. 286, transpose lines 17 and 19. 291, line 21, for Stt/le, 1. Styles. 303, line 24, for umbelulata, 1. umbellulata. 318, line 1, for Cymes very sessile, 1. Styles sessile, 328, line 9, for /o6es, 1. fearer. 356, line 25, for Smilacina, 1. Polygonatum, &c. 376, line 19 from bottom, for sty Irsum, 1. stylosum, 416, line 14, for dismorphum, I. disomorphum.
New York Botanica( Garden Library
QK117.T62 gen
Torrey, John/A flora of the northern and
3 5185 00125 0966
«*:#_#
r-*'
t*A»:
*4*,
i:i2*
|
^ |
B |
|
_J |
■1— LJ |
|
■ ■ |
■ m |
|
M |
|
|
f |
rrnl |
§ 4 « il '^'
«ji ..«:.:#
t.#.^i.%«y