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FLORA ofthe Ltt
Datuxent Research Retude

Mar land

U. S F. S RECEIVED
LIBRARY

United States Dept. of the Interior

Bureau of Biological Survey

Wildlife Leaflet BS-154

FOREWORD
Recognizing the complicated interrelationships of wildlife
with man's changing uses of the land, the Biological Survey has
for many years conducted studies in various parts of North Amer=
ica, obtaining facts on which to base wise management of our
wildlife resourcese Opportunity for research has been lacking
on lands where deliberate changes in management practices and
where the habitat requirements of the native species of wild
animals could be under control of the Biological Surveye This
gave rise to the establishment of the first national wildlife
experiment station of a general naturee On the Patuxent Re=
search Refuge, wildlife problems relating to the production of
agricultural crops and to the practice of forestry will receive
careful study. As a basis for long-time research the physio-
graphy and the fauna and flora will be studied. This contri-
bution is the first of a number of reports that will deal with

the natural history of this research refugee

United States Department ef the Interior
Bureau of Biological Survey

_—S— ee eee ee F

Washington, D. CO. * May 1940

(ee ———

FLORA OF TWH PATUXENT RESEARCH REFUGE, MARYLAND 1/

By Neil Hotchkiss, Biologist, Section of Food Habits
Divisicn of Wildlife Research

——— Se

Contents
Page Page
Description of refuge... ] Description of refuge--Continued,
Location and size..... 1] MePetaurOn sf ses Ss ee 4
Topography and water supply 2 toe foarte 3 °s 6 ss s Se eee 10
Geology and soils ..... 2 buss Of plants > . 2 ita Sees 10

— ee ee ee

DESCRIPTION OF REFUGE

The following notes are based on observations and collections made
by the writer on 78 nonconsecutive days, scattered through the growing and
fruiting seasons from October 19, 1936, to July 25, 1939, on the Patuxent
Research Refuge, maintained by the Bureau of Biological Survey.

Location and Size

The Patuxent Research Refuge lies along both sides of the Patuxent
River in Prince Georges and Anne Arundel Counties, Md., from about 3 miles
south-southeast of Laurel southeastward for approximately 3 miles in a
strip varying from 3/4 to 1-3/4 miles wide; thence southwestrard, in Prince
Georges County, for approximately 3 miles in a strip varying from 1/4 tol
mile wide, to a point about 1-1/2 miles west of Bowie. (See map, p. 3;
also the U. S, Geological Survey's map of the Laurel quadrangle. )

There are three separately fenced, but adjacent, tracts, which are
referred to in the following discussion as "west," "east," and "south"
(in the plant list as W, E, and S.) The first lies between the Laurel-
Bowie road and the Patuxent River and extends southeastward to Telegraph
Road, which crosses the River at Duvail Bridge; the second lies across
Telegrnph Road to the southeast; the third is south and west of the
Laurel-Bowie road, The 3 tracts total more than 2,000 acres. A small

Oe ee ee

‘4 Contribution from the Patuxent Research Refuge--No. 1

unfenced tract adjacent to the south tract on the east side of the Lavrel-
Bowie road, and that part of the refuge in Anne Arundel County are not
covered in this study:

“topography and Water Supply

The refuge is situetec entirely within the watershed of the Patuxent
iver, which here flows through a valley the maximum dimensions of which
are about 3 miles wide and 150 fest deep. The altitude of the area varies

from less than 80 feet above sea level along the river to more than’ 220
feet noar the west and south ends, but the slopes are mostly gentle, ex-
cept for frequent 5= to 18-reot bluffs alongs the highland side of the bot=
toms, The river falls 20 to 25 feet in its rather crooked course through
apart of the refuge, traversing for the entire distance a bottom land
that, on the southrest side of the river, except at one place, is a quar-
ter to half a mile wide. In places, between the bottoms and the upland
slopes, are broad, nearly level terraces thot lie only a few feet above
the bottoms,

Several brooks rise just outside the boundary of the refuge and flow
more or less directly toward the river. They are so small that the ma—
jority do not maintain channels across the bottom land, but spread out or
disappear on broad, flet areas or lose their identity in high-water chan-
nels along the highland side of the bottoms. One and one-half miles is
the greatest length of any brook except the southeasternmost, Cash Branch,
which drains the south tract and has a length of over $ miles, Its lower
course is outside the refuge boundary. Cash Branch has been dammed to
form 2 lakes in the south tract. In most years, the bottom lands are
flooded on one or more occasions for a few days at a time, but the river
normally flows between well-defined banks. A small flow of water continues
through a few shailow side channels, except in summer; and in places along
the highland side of the bottoms there are permanent swampy areas. The
deepest and largest of these, which is more of a peat bog than a river
swamp, lies just southwest of Duvall Bridge. <A few springs occur along the
bottom—=land bluffs and elsewhere,

The refuge is only a few miles from the inner boundary of the Atlan-
tic Coastal Flain, which follows a northeast-southwest Line in the vicin-
lity of Laurcl, Underlying strata are all unconsolidated sediments of Cre-
taceous age.

The scils have developed mostly from weathered Coastal Plain rocks,
An exception is the Conzaree silt loam (See 1925 Soil Survey of Prince
Georges County, Md.), which covers the Patuxent bettom land but which has
been washed there from the Piedmont Plateau. This loam is potentially
one of the most productive of soils. Its origin partially accounts for
this and for the fact that on the better drained parts of the bottom land
many "rich woods" species of herbaceous flovering plants occur that are
characteristic of the Piedmont Plateau and tnat have not been discovered

—

TO LAUREL

N \
ny

| EXPERIMENTAL FOREST
“ FOREST SERVICE

UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY

PATUXENT RESEARCH REFUGE

MARYLAND
SCALE
° ve 44 v2 “4
1940 -
LEGEND
REFUGE BOUNDARY $e
FENCE LINES ae

PRIMARY ROADS
SECONDARY ROADS
TRAILS

elsewhere on the refuge. ‘Tuxedd soils, which o¢cur on about half the south
tract and on a small part of the west tract, are homogeneous and, there-
fore, not typical soils, since the long-time occupation of the land by veg-
etation has not resulted in layers of varied composition. Tuxedo soils

are the most subject to erosion and the least productive, agriculturally,
of any on the refuge,

The content of organic matter is mostly low, and hydrogen-iron concen—
trations range from neutral to strongly acid. The texture of the soils
varies from silt loams to gravelly sand. Impervious subsoil in many places
causes a perched, or confined, water table, with the result that a subsurface
reservoir is formed, allowing even a sandy surface soil to support a char-
acteristically marshy vegetation.

The greater part of the refuge is now forested, but, except for the
bottom land, nearly all appears to have deen in cultivation at some time

during the vast 200 years. The bottom-land forest, although much logged

Over, contains some old trees ard its present composition in many places
PRObAbIy Is similar Fo that. af nan for est. Some of the upland, with
a oak ( Querc ‘cus alba) now dominant, as well as some areas of poorest

oil, grown with ov: pitch pine (Pinus es may have been continuously for-
a en Much of the woland forest, hovever, is composed of dense, pure or
mixed strands of Virginia pine (2. vir giniana) and pitch pine (of uniform
age ina given ene that have reclaimed formerly cultivated land. This
is clearly evident from a study of an airplane photographic mosaic of the
area as weli as from observation on the ero ound,

The cleared land is in all stages of recovery from cultivation, A
large area of recently farmed land is in the vicinity of headquarters near
. A second, smaller area (the one most

the northwest end of the west tract

recently and intensively farmed) is near the southeast end of the west tract.
Another large area occupies the greater part of the east tract, and there

LS) 2 Smaller de of the south tract. A few isolated

area on the east si
fields are scattered elsewhere through the refuge. Old orchards and cul-
tivated dooryard plants are conspicuous local elements of the vegetation

19,

on each of the unworked farms.

In this recovery from cultivation, weeds of a great variety are the
first invaders of the unused cornfields. Broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus)
soon appears, becoming dominant in fields 3 to 5 years removeca from culti-
vation, Pines (particularly Virginia pine) then invade the broomsedge-
dominant fields and within a ay eration commonly form a closed canopy.
Eventually, deciduous trees may be expected to invade as the pine forests
become more open, but no tere ie ns have been made on how soon this oc-
curs or on the sequence of species and associations. Whether good examples
of the regional climax forest are to be found on the refuge has not becn
determined, but tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera) is thought to be an

indicator here of a stage of vegetational development apnroximating the
clinax, :

On formerly cultivated damp soils, sedges, rushes, grasses, and other
native herbs quickly form a dense cover. This, in turn, is frequently in-
vaded by sweetgum (Liquidambar styreciflua), which locally forms pure stands
as dense as the pines on well-drained sites. Further steges in this line
of succession have not been studied.

Plant communities are of numerous and often complex types, because of
the many variations in soil, sites, and other environmental factors, and
these are further complicated by man's drastic disturbance of the original
vegetation, Their exact definition and their relationships to each other
remain to be investigated. <A brief description, however, will indicate
the dominant vegetation, grouped in 10 plant communites, as follows: (1)
water; (2) marsh; (3) wet meadow; (4) shrub swamp; (5) swamp forest; (6)
bottom—-land forest; (7) terrace forest; (8) slope and upland forest; (S)
abandoned ficlds; and (10) hedgerows and woods margins.

1. Water.--Aquatic plants are rare on the refuge, because of the
heavy shading of most of the waters by trees, the swiftness of the river
and the brooks, and the impermanence of water in the shallow bottom—land
Tuns,. The species that have been found are sufficiently interesting as
indicators of soft- or acid=-water conditicns to be listed as follows:

Potamogeton epihydrus--river. Callitriche heterophylla--springs
P, pusillus-—-brook. and runs,
Heteranthera reniformis—-pond. Utricularia geminiscapa-—brook,

Podostemum ceratophyllum--river.

2. Marsh.--The areas in marsh are small but widely scattered. Marsh
plants occur along narrow bottom-land runs for short distances, in and
along the brooks, ond in openings in and along the margins of shrub swamps.
The commonest species are:

Isoetes engelmanni Polygonum sagittatum.
Sparganium spp. Nuphar advena.
Sagittaria pubescens, Ranunculus laxicaulis.
Echinochloa crusgalli. R. pusillus.

Leersia oryzoides,. Hypericum mutilun,
Carex lupulina. H. virginicun.

C. typhina, Viola lanceolata,
Eleocharis obtusa. Ludvigia palustris.
Juncus spp. Proserpinaca palustris,
Polygonum arifolium. Lycopus spp.

P, hydropiperoides. Bidens connata.

P, pvunctatum,

3, Wet meadow.--Many acres of formerly cultivated fields scattered
throughout the refuge are nearly level and have a compact clay subsoil,
resulting in a confined water table and enough moisture in the surface
soil to maintain a great variety of typically marsh-meadow plants, The
growth is much the same whether the fields are on terraces just above
the level of the river bottoms or on the broad tops of the higher hills.
The commonest plants are:

Panicum microcarpon, ' Rhexia spp.

Carex Weide: Oenothera longivedicellata.
Hieocharis capitata. Apocynum cannabinum, var. pubescens,
Rhynchospora capitellate. Pycnanthenum spp.

Juncus spp. Hupatorium spp.

Viola sagittata,

Liquidamber styraciflva is an early and abundant invader of wet meadows,
Where wet-mendow soil has recently been bared, C:perus strigosus and
Fimbristylis mucronulata are common,

4, Shrub swamp.--The largest shrub swamp is on the highland side of
the bottoms near the southeast end of the west tract; other much smaller
ones are scattered along the nignland side of the bottoms, along the val-
leys of the brooks, on the river-valley terraces, and rarely in seepage
areas on the slopes. The most abundant shrubs and the conspicuous herbs
ares

Shrubs
Alrus rugosa, Ilex verticillata.
Magnolia virginiana, Clethra alnifolia.
Aronia arbutifolia, Rhododendron viscosum,
Rosa palustris. Vaccinium atrococcum,
Toxicodendron vernix. Cephalanthus occidentalis.
Herbs
Osmunda cinnamomea, Carex laevivaginata.
Carex folliculata, C. strietar

5. Swamp forest.--Small tracts of swamp forest occur along the high=

land side of the bottoms, on the terraces, along brooks, and in upland hol-
lows, Dominant trees and common shrubs and herbs are::

Trees
Betula nigra. Liquidambar stryraciflua.
Quercus palustris, Acer rubrvn.
Q. phellos. © Nyssa sylvatica,

Magnolia virginiana.

lop)

Smilax spp.
Ilex verticillata,
Leucothoe racemosa.

Woodwardia aredlata.
Osmunda cinnamomea,.
Cinna arundinacea.
Glyceria striata.

6. Bottom-land forest.-~Forest

bottom lands of the west and east tracts.
the ee

Herbs

account for striking differences in

apart. The
practically all cf the
and common shrubs and herbs

Betula nizra.
Carpinus caroliniana.
Fagus grandifolia.
Quercus palustris.
Q...prinus.

Ulmus americana.

Lindera aestivaliis.
Toxicodendron radicans.

Cinna arundinacea.
Festuca obtusa,

Poa sylvestris.
Arisaema triphyllium,.
Erythronium americanun,
Uvularia sessilifolia.
Boshmeria cylindrica
Laportea canadensis.
Polygonum virginianum,
Stellaria longifolia.
Claytonia virginica,
Ranunculus abortivus.

herbaceous Heeger ane is particularly luxuriant and inclu
"spring flovers!!
are:

Trees

—— eee

Shrubs

Lyonia ligustrina,
Viburnum nudum,
V.. pubescens.

Carex crinita.

C, follicvlata.
Symplocarpus foetidus,
Fubus hispidus

kane cover nearly all the extensive

Slight differences in elevation
of localities only a few feet
udes

of the refuge. The dominant trees

Liriodendron tulipifera.
Liquidambar styraciflua.
Cornus florida.

Fraximis spp.

Viourmim prunifoliun.

Evonymus americanus,

Ranunculus recurvatus,.
Podophyilum peltatun,
Dentaria laciniata.
Geum canadense.
eh bracteata,
Viole affinis.

Panax savrer vai.
Cryptotaenia canadensis.
Steironema ciliatun,
Mimulus alatus.

Galium aparine,
Lobelia cardinalis.

7, Terrace forest.--This is not an outstanding type. In general it

resembies that of the slopes and uplands except that, being level, it re~

tains more moisture and this is reflected in slignt differences in the vege-
tetion, Much the same tyme of forest occurs in places along the bottom-land
bluffs anion the gentle slopes bordering the valleys of some of the brooks

Terrace ores appears to be tae nearest approach to a cliimaxof any type
of vegetation observed on the refuge, Syecies commoner here than elsewhere
are Fagus erendtsor ia end Liriodendron tulipifera, Ilex opaca and Kalmia

latifolia are common members of the understory. Abundant neros are:

Dryopteris noveboracensis,. Medeola virginiana.
Lycopodium complanetum, Epifagus virginiana.
Carex swanii, Mitchella repens.

co. Slope and upland ferest.-~This characterizes a greater part of the
area than docs any 7 other type. t is usually (of mixed oak and pine.) bu) on
recently cleared land it.is pure pine, On some cut-over areas the stand is
largely oak, The dominant trees. ond characteristic shrubs and herbs of slcpe
and upland forest are:

irecs
Pinus Ti sida. Quercus coccinea,
Poa vireind ane. Q. falcata.
Quercus alba, Q. velutina.
Shrubs
Castanea pumila (eut-over Kalimilia) aga pOlbadiate
areas). Rhododendvon nudiflorum,
Gaylussacia baccata. Vaccinium stamineun,
G, frondosa, V. vacillans
Ferbs
Pteridium latiusculun, - Pyrola americana.
Chimaphila maculata. EHpifegus virginiana.

9. Abandoned fields.--Recently cultivated land comprises a large
acreage, mostly on slopes a: and uplands, but alsa to some extent on terraces
along the Patuxent bes The soils of the aa cr are noticeably more
sandy than elsewhere, and this is reflected in d ffer ences in vegetation.
A characteristic of fields that have been out ap CUAL tava LOM) Om OMS
years is the great variety of weedy species that grow there. Most common
of these are:

Aristida dichotoma. - Trichostema dichotomum.

A. longespica, Solanum carolinense.
Bromus commutatus. Linaria canadensis.
Panicum lindheimeri. Plantago lanceolata,
Paspalum spp. Diodia teres.

Rumex acetosella. Specularia perfoliata.
Rubus sp. (dewberry). Achillea millefoliun.
Cassia fasciculata. Ambrosia artemisiifolia,
C. niet. tans. Anthemis arvensis.
Lespedeza striata. Chrysanthemum leucanthemin,
Trion, ‘spp. Erigeron spp.

Polygala curtissii,. Krigia virginica.

Hypericum gentianoides,.

Meadows and pastures are usually weedy. A few species that appear
to be somewhat more characteristic of these than of abandoned cultivated
fields are Triodia flava, Ranunculus bulbosus, and Plantago rugelii.
Plants that do not occur elsewhere generally but that are conspicuously
abundant on the sandy terrace soils of the west and east tracts are:

Eragrostis spectabilis. Lespedeza spp.
Smilax glauca. Lechea racemulosa,
Potentilla canadensis. Tecoma radicans.
Desmodium spp. Solidago juncea,.

Within 2 or 3 years after a field has been abandoned, broomsedge
(Andropogon virginicus) begins to appear. It soon becomes dominant and
maintains dominance until it is crowded out by invasion of pines. Pinus
virginiana and FP, rigida both imvade broomsedge fields, but the former is
nearly everywhere in much greater abundance, Sassafras officinale is also
found in old fields, commonly appearing in the poorer soils soon after the
fields have been abandoned. On sterile slopes.and hilltops, bluestem (Andro-
pogon scoparius) is sometimes dominant. These areas appear to have been
cleared for a much longer time and they are changing much more slowly than
are the more typical older fields. Common species associated with stands
of bluestem are:

Desmodium spp. Chrysopsis mariana,
Lespedeza spp. Sericocarpus linifolius.
Gerardia spp.

-10, Hedgerows and woods margins.--Many of the fields are bordere
by hedgerows dominated by a variety of trees having dense undergrovth of
shrubs and woody vines, which, likewise, in many places form a dense bar-
rier along the edges of the woods. Among the most conspicuous species are:

Smilax spp. Vitis spp.
Corylus americana. Clethra alnifolia,
Rhus spp. _ Lyonia ligustrina.

<9)

THE FLORA

Seven hundred and six species of flowering plants and ferns have
been collected on the Patuxent Research Refuge by the writer, including
93 grasses, 61 sedges, 79 composites, 46 trees, and 55 shrubs and woody
vines, All but 7 of the species are included in Hitchcock and Standley's
1919 Flora of the District of Columbia and Vicinity (or its 1930 Supple-
ment by McAtce), which describes a total of 1771 species. This is a rich
flora considering that so many plants of the Washington region are re-
stricted to the Piedmont Plateau or to the Potomac River Valley.
A number of species’ listed in the "District Flora" as occurring only on the
Piedmont Plnteau have been found to be common on and in the vicinity of
the Patuxent bottoms. The Piedmont—derived soil end the contimuity of
the bottom lands from the lower Piedmont Plateau through the Coastal
Plain help to explain this distribution, Although Sanguinaria canadensis
has been identified from growing plants on the refuge, it is the only | species
in the following list that is not yet represented by one or more permanently
filed specimens, Possibly 100 additional species could be listed in 2 or
3 more years of collecting, but there are not many common plants, with the
exception of certain composites, carices, and panicums, that have been
overlooked, :

List of Plants

"West," "cast," and "south" (W, EB, and S, respectively), refer to
the three separately fenced tracts of the refuge.. Numbers in parentheses,
except as otherwise noted, refer to plants collected by the writer; identi-
fications other than those by the writer are so indicated.

POLYPODIACHAE:
Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Oakes.--Occasional; W, S$; hedgerows and
former clearings. (5155)
Athyrium asplenioides (lichx.) Desv.--Occasional; W; terrace forest,
(5248) ©
Denns tacitia punctilobula (Michx.) Moore.--Occasional; W, S; mostly
terrace forest. (5438)
Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray.--Occasional; 7; swamp forest. (5055)
D. hexagonoptera (Michx.) ©. Chr. --Occasional; W; well-drained bottom-
“Land forest. (5310)
D. marginolis (L.) A. Gray.--Rare; 7, §; terrace and slope forest.
~ (5054)
D. noveboracensis (L,) A, Gray,--Common; WV, §; terrace forest, (5423)
D. spinulosa (Muell.) Kuntze, var. ieaeneain (Muhl.,) Underw.--Occa-
sional; WV; terrace forest. (5056, det, . R. Maxon)
D. thelypteris (L.) A. Gray.--Occasional; W, E, S; open shrub swamp.
(5 5501 )
Onoclea sensibilis L. meOcenaional: WV, E; wet meadow. (5586)
Polystichum acrostichoides (ifichx.) Seno ~-Occasional;: W, E, §;
terrace and slope forest. (5445)
Pteridium latiusculum (Desv.) Maxon.--Common; WV, EB, S; terrace (rare), and
slope and upland forest. (5608)
Woodwardia areolata (L.) Moore.--Common; W, E, §; swamp forest. (5500)
W. virginica (L.) §m,--Rare; W; shrub swamp. (5503)

10

OSMUNDAC EAE;
Osmunda cinnamomea L.--Common; W; shrub swamp and swamp forest. (5193)

O. regalis L., var. spectabilis (Willd.) Gray.--Occasional; 4; swamp
aii forest. Cay Roar Se
OPHIOGLOSSACHAE:
Botrychivm dissectum Spreng.--Rare; W, S; former clearings, and swamp
“"penotest. (S665)
B, dissectum, forma obliquum (Muh1,) Fern.,--Occasional; W, S; wet
meadow, swamp forest, and hedgerows (5053, 6026)
B, virginianum (L,) Sw.--Occasional; W; well-drained bottom-land
forest, (5177)

LYCOPODIACEAE;
Lycopodium clavatum L,--Rare; §; woods margin, (5794)
L, complanatum L., var, flabelliforme Fern,--Abundant; W, S; terrace
and slope forest. (5444
L. lucidulum Michx.--Occasional: 7; terrace forest. (5048)
L, obscurum L,--Common; W, §; terrace forest. (5049)

SELAGINELLACEAE:
Selaginella apoda (L.) Fern.--Occasional;
swamp forest. (5130)

7

ly

E; wet meadow and open

ISOETACEAE:
Isoetes engelmanni A, Br,--Uceasior21; W; runs in bottom—land forest,

(5175 ?, 5909)

PINACHAE;
Juniperus virginiana L.--Oecasional; W, S; bottom-land to upland
forest. (5768
Pinus echinata Mill.--Rare; W; slope forest. (5805)
P, rigida Mill.--Abundnnt; W, S; terrace forest (rare), slope and
upland forest and abandoned fields. (5051, 5803)
P, strobus L.--One tree; S; upland forest, (5144)
P, taeda L,--Rare; §; woods margin, (5744)
P, virginiana Mill.--Very abundant; W, S; terrace forest (rare),
slope and upland forest and abandoned fields. (5052)

TYPHACEAE:;
Typha latifolia L,--Rare; W, EB, S; marsh and open shrub swamp.
(5283, 6029)

SPARGANIACEAZ:
Sparganium americanum Nutt.--Occasicnal; S; marsh, Relative abun-
dance of the two species has not been determined, (6328)
S. androcladum (Engelm.) Morong. (S lucidum)--Occasional; ¥,
S; marsh, (5753, 5328.7, 6030 7?)

NAJADACEAE:
Potamogeton epihydrus Raf,--Rare; W, EB; margin of river. (5491)
P. pusillus L., var. typicus--Rare; S; pond below dam. (6077)

12

ALISMACEAE ;

GRAMINEAE (Determined by J. R. Swallen, except as otherwise noted):
... Agropyron repens (L,) Beauv.--Occasional; W; abandoned fields,
5772, 5893)
Agrostis alba L,--Locally common; W; wet meadow, (5272)
A. hiemalis (Walt.) B. S. P.--Occasional; W, H; wet meadow. (5216)
A. perennans (Walt,) Tuckerm,--Occasional; W; terrace and slope and

upland forest. (5474)
Aira caryophyllea L,--Occasional; W, HE, §; roadsides and abandoned

fields. (5145)

Andropogon elliottii Chapm,--Occasional; W, E, §; abandoned fields.
(5739 a |

A. scoparivs Michx.--Locally abundant; W, E, S; abandoned fields.
(8591)

A. virginicus L.--Very abundant; W, E; abandoned fields, (5649)
Anthoxanthum odoratum L,--Occasional; W; abandoned fields. aed
Aristida dichotoma Michx.--Common; W, 5; abandoned fields. \5745)
A, longespica Poir,--Common; W, B; abandoned fields. (5559, 5623)
A. oligantha Michx,--Rare; 7, $; abandoned fields, (5785)
A. purpurascens Poir,-~Rare; BE; abandoned field on sandy terrace.
(5650)
Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) Beauv.~-One plant; W; bottom-land
forest, (5489)
Broms gommutatus Schrad.--Common; W; abandoned fields. (5226)
Calamagrostis cinnoides (Muhl.) Barton,--Occasional; W, S; wet
meadow (5587)
Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth.--Occasional; W, HZ; abandoned fields.
(6018) :
Cinna arundinacea L,--Abundant; W, §; swamp and bottom-land forest,
(5053 1/2, 5603)
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers,--Occasional; §; in gravel road. (6324)
DactyLis glomerata L.--Occasional; W; margin of old road, (5161)
Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv.--Common; W; abandoned fields. (?) (5237)
Digitaria filiformis (L.) Koel,--Occasional; W, §; along wood roads
and in recent clearings. (5706)
D. ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl.--Locally common; W, HB; roadsides and
abandoned fields, (5510)
D. sanguinalis (L.) Scop.--Occasional; W; yards and abandoned
fields, (5505)
Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.--Occasional; W; marsh and wet

b

12

GRAMINEAE--Contined,
BE, hypnoides (Lam.) B. S, P,--Occasional; 7, S; wet meadow. (6089)

E. pectinacea (Michx,) Nees.--Rare; W; in old road. (5693)
E. spectabilis (Pursh) Stevd.--Occasional; 7. EB; abandoned fields
on sandy terraces. (5531)
Festuca elatior L,--Rare; B; yard. (5902)
F. myuros L.--Occasional; W, E; abandoned fields. (5848, det. A. Chase)
F. obtusa Spreng.--Common; VW; bottom—land forest. (5488)
F,. octoflora Walt.--Occasional; W, EH; woods margins and abandoned

fields, (5213) .
Glyceria canadensis (Michx.) Trin. 2 aa S; marsh at south end
of lake, (6113, 6327)
obtusa (Muhl,) Trin.--Locally common; S; marsh. (5568)
pallida (Torr.,) Trin.--Rare; W; marsh in botton—land runs. (5898)
septentrionalis Hitchc.--Occasional; 7, %. §; marsh in bottom=
land runs and in swamp forest (rare). (5181)
striata (Lem.) Hitchc.--Common; WV, 3, §; swamp so (5203, 5284)
Hollous lanatus L.--Occasional; W; margin of old road. (5150)
Hystrix patula Moench.--Rare; V7; bottom—land Tae " (5490)
Leérsia ‘oryzoides (L.) ee ae W, S:; marsh. (5472)
L. virginica Willd.--Occasional; 7; bottom-land (and terrace ?) forest.
G7
Lolium multiflorum Lam.--Rare, 4; yard. (5883, det, A. Chas e)
L. perenne L.--Rare; W: yard. (5884, det. A. Chase)
Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin,--Rare; 7; yard. (6108)
M. schreberi Gmel.--Occasional; W, E; yards-ond abandoned fields,
(5718) |
M. sylvatica Torr,--Rare; W; bottom-land forest. (6079)
Panicum ngrostoides Spreng.--Rare; S$; wet mendow. (5790) ;
anceps Michx.--Occasional; W, E, S; abandoned fields, (5434)
asnei Pearson.--Occasional (7); W; upland forest. (5670)
barbulatum Mjchx.--Occasional (7): S: cleared shrub swamp (5392
boscii Poir,--Occasional; W; partly cleared terrace forest. (
capillare L.,--One plant; W; abandoned orchard. (5709)
clandestinum L.--Common; W; abandoned fields and hedgerows. (546
columbianum Scribn. --Rare (?); W; uplond forest. (5671)
commutatum Schult.--Occasional; ; terre AC Ey a and slope and upland
forest. (5405, 5669) iy ie
depauperatum Muhl.--Occasional; W; recently cleared upland
forest. (5197)
dichotomiflorum Michx.--Common; W, §S; recently disturbed soil of
wet meadows and yards.. (6091).
dichotomum L.--Occasional; W, E; well-drained bottom—-land to
upland forest. (5354, 5672)
gattingeri Nash.--Rare; W; former cornfield. (5722)
huachucae Ashe--Occasional; W, S; wet mendow ond recently cleared
“slope forest. (5340, 6094)
lindheimeri Nash,--Common; VW, E, S$ (7); wet meadow and abandoned
fields. (5276, 5337, 53877)

\qa lea I

Ie

°

92)
5425)

)

if.

a

Cao a ao f

|*d

[td] t

io

13

GRAMINEAE--Continued.
Pe, one felinm ee aye pice cesional W; wet mendow. (5394, 5478)
eee eee ‘B495, 6002, 6095) :
P, philadelphicum Bernh.--Occasional; W; abandoned fields on terrace
and upland. (5560, 5786)
P. polyanthes Schult.--Occasional; VW; open bottom-land and terrace
forest and abandoned fields. (5297) i
P, scoparium Lam,--Occasional; W; wet meadow. (5336)
. sphaerocarpon Hll,--Rare; EH; abandoned field on sandy terrace,
(5648)
. stipitatum Nash.--Rare; VW; wet meadow, (5581)
» verrucosum Muhl,--Common; W, S; recently cleared shrub swamp and
“swamp forest. (5498)
P, virgatum L.--One clump; 3; abandoned field. (5734)

Pa Paspalum laeve Michx.--Occasional; W, EB; wet meadow. (5368)

P, longipilum Nash.--Rare (7); ¥, E; abandoned fields, (5367, 5417)

P,. pubescens Muhl. “_oeasilanei q, E: abandoned fields on sandy
terraces. (5397, 6023)

P. setaceum Michx.--Rare (7); E; abandoned field on sandy terrace,

"(B362)

Phleum pratense L.--Occasional; ¥; margin of old road. (5455)

Poa annua L.--Occasional; W; wet meadow, (5096)

autumnalis ifuhl ,--Oceasional; W; bottom=-land forest. (5166)

compressa L,--Occasional; 7, S; abandoned fields. (5428)

pratensis L,--Occasional; W; margin of old road, (5151)

sylvestris A. Gray. a Common WV; bottom-land forest. (5131)

trivialis L.--Occasionel; W; bottom-land forest. (5169)

Setaria eeniculata (Lam.) Bea pe) J oOene dl evils VY, 3s wet meadow and

Beane,

Fe

“abandoned fields. eeee)

§. lutescens (Weigel) F. T, Hubb .--Locally common; W, £; abandoned
fields. (5458)

S, viridis (L,) Beauv.--Occasional; 7, abandoned fields. (5701)

Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash, DU Gesaceloneil: W; abandoned fields. (5580)

Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb. --Occasional: W; bottom—-lLand

i ionestw(oLaey

Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr,) Wood, faut common; W; abandoned
Pielidg ) Cota) Tl

Triodia flava (L,) Smyth.--Common; w, E, S; abandoned fields. (5626)

Uniola laxa. Gu) Bushey LOne meceutets: W; well-drained bottom-land
and terrace forest, (5484)

CYPERACEAE:

Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C. B, Clarke.--Occasional; W, H, §;
abandoned fields and recently cleared forest on sandy terraces,
(5609)

Carex spp.--Determined by F. J, Hermann, except as otherwise noted,

0, abscondita Mack.-~Rare; W; terrace forest. (5252)

(Cle albolutescens Sehwein.--Cccast onal: W, E; wet Hee (5840,

5907)

ich machen: Bickn.--Occasional; W, E; margins of swamp forest. (5291)

C. bullata ‘Schkuhr.-~Rare C257, Ss nen swamp. (5793, det. Hotch-
“kiss) (5880)

14

CYPHRACHAE--Continued,
Ce canescens L., var. disjuncta Fern,-~Rare; W; open shrub swamp,
~ (5259) . Pr
caroliniana Schw.--Occasionel; W; open terrace Torest and aban-
doned fields. (5260, 5202, 5873)

1a
cf

C, cephalophora Muh. ~-Rare; W; open terrace forest. (5872)
C, complanata Torr. & Hook,--Cccasional; 7; oyaeead fields on sandy
| terraces. (5298, 5321)
C. convoluta Mack.--Rare; W; open terrace forest. (5874)
Cc. erinita, ita Lam,--Common W, E,'S; swamp forest. (5023, det. Hotchkiss)

é 5e 3257)

debilis Michx.--Occasional; W, EB; terrace Soeeaee (5244)

digitalis Willd.--Rare; ™; open terrace forest. (5875)

emmonsii - Dewey. ~-Rare; S; moist opening in upland forest. (5143)

festucacea Schkuhr. --Rare; ‘W; open terrace forest. (5870)

folliculata L, -~Common; W, E, S:. shrub swamp and swamp forest.

“Waeea4s) F |

glaucodea Tuckerm,--Occasional; %, EH, 5; wet meadow and openings
in terrace and upland forest. (5198, 5823, 5972)

JQlLQLQ}qQla.
° . s

JQ

Cc, hirsutella Mack.--Rare; W; abandoned field on sandy terrace. (5303)
C, incomperta Bickn.--Occasional; W, 3; open shrub swamp. (5256, det.
Hotchkiss) (5839)
C. intumescens Rudge.--Occasional; v. E; ibis and terrace forest.
(5245)
Cc, lacustris Willd, ~-Locally common; W; margin oar shrub swamp. (5882)
ce laevivaginata (KUkenth,) Mack.--Common; W, E; shrub swamp, (5227)
(5838, det. Hotchkiss)
Cc, laxiflora Lam,~-Occasional; W; open terrace forest. (5869)
C, longii Mack.--Rare; W; wet wesdows (F, J, Hermann 10371)
Coen las ormis Sactwe-2Ranes W; run in bottom—-land forest. (6013)
CO. lupulina Muhl.--Common; W; neon in bottom-land runs. (5766, det.
Hotchkiss) (5897)
CG. lurida Wahl.--Common; W, E; wet meadow, (5223, 5273)
Cc, richii (Fern, ) ineievasCeeaeaanen: ‘Ws open siurud swamp. (5255)
C. rosea Schkuhr.--Rare; W; terrace forest. (5247)
C. scoparia Schkuhr, ic Qheseienah: W, E; wet meadow and shrub swamp.
~ (6280,, 5270) (5286, det, Hotchkiss)
C. seorsa B, C, Howe,--Rare; W; margin of swamp forest. (5876)
C. squarrosa L,--Occasional; Y, E; bottom—-land forest. (5851, 5927)
~ (5928, det. Hotchici es)
C. stipata Muh . --Occasional; W, BE; margin of shrub swamp and swamp
forest. (5837) (5881, det. Hotchkiss)
C. stricta Lam.--Common; W, E; shrub swamp. (5307) (5836 is var. strictior
(Dewey) Carey) ie
C. swanii (Fern,) Mack.--Common; V, E; swamp margins and terrace
forest. (5251)
C, tribuloides Wahl,--Occasional; W; abandoned field along hedgerow
, and margin of swamp forest. (5908)
C. typhina Michx,.--Occasional; W, E; marsh in bottom-land runs.
5028, det. Hotchkiss) (5357, 5765, 6019)
C. vulpinoidea Michx.--Rare; W; abandoned field. (5894)

15

CYPERACHA@--Continued.
Cyperus evlindricus (Bil.) Britton.--Occasional; 5, 5: necoue clenr-
ings in terrace anc upland forest. (5733
C. esculentus L.--Rare; W; ebandoned field; (6017)
Gr finliicoilinie Veht, Occasional: /€; sbandoned ‘field on sandy ter-
race, (5! 560)
flavescens L.--Occasional; W, E; wet mide iG, (5564)
Ors microgontus Torr,--Rere; W: wet neadow, (5565)
C. ovularis (Miehx.) Torr,--Oueas joiiel; W; wet meadow, (5338, 5583)
oF tiilaris_ Kunth,-- Gceustonel; Ww, 2B: at meadow,. (5067, 5563)

a Reda
Bleocharis acicularis R, & 8, (7)--Locally common; W: pond. (5770)
E, capitata (L.) R. Br.--Common; W; wet meadow, (5277)

EH, obtusa (Willd.) Schult. --Somnon; W, S; marsh. (5266, 5773, 6090)
Fimbristylis mueronulata (Miche. ) ETL Asoo cramnnenle W, H; wet. meadow.

(5239, 5562)

Kyllinze purtie Michx.--Occasional; W, 8; wet meadow, (5066, 5715)
eee ee capitellate (Mychx..) Vahl.--Occasional; W; wet meadow,
5479) | vy
R, corniculata (Lam.) A. Gray.--Reare; W; marsh in bottom+ladd runs,

(5627 6012) .

R, cymosa, Ell.---Occasional: H; brushy wet meadow. (5376)

Scirpus a atrovirens Muhl, ~-Oecasicnal; Mie oes in swamp forest.
(Geo

§. cyperimis (L.) Kunth.--Occasional; 1, 5: wet meadow. (6027)

5. debiliis Fursh.-~locally common; S$; marsh. (5569, 5774, 6082)

eriophorum Michx.--Occasional; W; wet meadow. (5593, 5689 )

polyphyilus YWahl,--Occasional; W: clearing in swamp forest. (5327)

Scleria pauciflora Muhl, SOO SeLOne - a; brushy we meadow, (5377)

|n

G2
e

|

jn

ARACHAR: saa
_ Arisaema triphyllun Gi) Senott, --Conmon; W; bottom—-land forest and
shivb swamp. (5090, 513
Orontium aquaticum ue ee Vv, a runs in (isha reel a eis forest,
(5111)
Symplocarpus Anse wane’ (ame) Natt, -~Locally abundant: Tr, BH; shrub

swamp and swamp forest. (5811)

XYRIDACEA:
Xyris caroliniana Walt.--Rar 8:

Lana. sandy soil in cleared shrub swamp.

(5574) }
S. vOrta dd, Be omits ~-Occasioneal ; v Ge B, S: wet mendow. (5372)

COMMEL IN. AGHA AX ’
Commelina communis L.,--Occasional; W; along road in terrace forest
‘and margin of shrub Sv7amp . (5404, 54.68)
C. hirtel la Vahl.--Rare; W; margin of bottom—land run. (5461)

16

PONTEDERIACHAE:
Heteranthera reniformis R. & P.--Rare; W; pond. (5716)
Pontederia cordata b.--Rare; EB; marsh in bottom-land run. (5353)

JUNCACEAE:
Juncus acuminatus Mychx.--Occasicnal; 7; marsh. (5267)

J, bufonius L.--Occasional: W, BH; moist sandy roadside. (5867)

J. canadensis J. Gay,--Ocecasional; W; wet meadow, (5595)

J. effusus L.--Common; W, E, $; marsh and wet meadow. (5271)

J, mecer Te. a. Ce Ceeasional: VW; wet meadow. (5269, 5274)

J. marginatus Rostk.--Occasional; 7, S; wet meadow, (5268 and 5994,
det. F, J, Hermann)

J. scirpoides Lam.--Oceasional; W; wet meadow, (5594)

J. secundus Beauv.--Occasional; W, §; wet meadow, (5993, det. F. J.
Hermann)

J, tenuis Willd. (J, dichotomus El1.)--Occasicnal; W; wet meadow.

wy J. Pemana eee)

eee Gries anes, 5871, aoe re ees

L, multiflora (Zhrh.) Lejeune, var. bulbose (Wood) Hermann.--Occa-
sional; EB; abandoned field on sandy terrace. (5809, det. F. J.
Hermann )
LILIACEAE:

Aletris farinosa L.--Occasional; W, E; wet meadow and sandy aban-
doned fields. (5304)
Allium canadense L.--Occasional; W; bottom-lend forest. (5132)

A. vineale L.--Locally common; W; abandoned fields, (5262)

= officinalis L,--Fare; W, E; abandoned fields. (5740)

pees Tica fulva Rese siaser an W; open forest and hedgerow.
Lilium superbum L,--Occasional; W; wet meadow. (5395) |

Maianthemun | canndense Desf,--Loca me common; W; swamp forest. (5137
Medeola virginiana L.--Common; W; terrace forest. (5138)
Ornithogaium umbellatum L.--Locally abundant; Ws; abandoned fields

on sandy terraces. (5098)
Polygonatum biflorunm (Walt.) Ell.--Rare; W; upland forest. (5664)
P, commutatum (R. &S.) Dietr,—-Oc Hare W, BE; bottom-land for-
est. (5171)

Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf.--Occasional; W; terrace forest, (5427)
Smilax glauca Walt.--Common; W, 5, S; bottom-land to upland forest

wa

ané abandoned fields on chenis terraces.. (5762
S, herbacea L.--Rare; W; open terrace forest. (5604)
S. rotundifolia L.--Occasional; W; shrvb swaap, bottom-land forest,

hedgerows (7). (5691)
Stenanthium _robustum Wats.--Rare; W; margin of swamp on bottomland
(5977) _

Uvularia sessilifolia L.--Common; W; bottom-land forest. (5029,
~~ 5089) |

DIOSCOREACEAR:
Dioscorea glauca Muhl.--Occasional; W; swamp and terrace forest,

(5441)

17

AMARYLLIDACEAE;
Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville.--Occasional; W; bottom—land to upland

forest. (5165)

IRIDACEAE:
Iris virginica L, (?)--Cccasional; W, B, §; marsh, (5208, 5835)
Sisyrinchitm atlanticum Bickn,--Occasional; W, Be et meadow,
(ANG SOS) ew wk
S. gramineum _Surtis,--Occasional; W:; wet meadow. (5192, 5878)
ORCHIDACHAE:
Cypripedium acaule Ait.--Locally common; Tr: slope and upland forest.
CZs

Epipactis pubescens (Willd,) A.A, Baton, cp eeua anew W, S; ter-
race and slope forest. (5406)

Habenaria ciliaris (L.) R. Br.--Rare; E; brushy wet meadow. (5375)

iy dy lacera (Michx.) R. Br.--Rare; W, S; open margin of swamp forest.
~ (5971)

Pogonia verticillata (Willd.) Nutt,--Occasional; W; terrace and
slope forest. (5121, 5548)

Spiranthes cernua (L.) Richard.--Rare; W; wet meadow, (5592)

Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt. BACs easionsily W; terrace forest.

(5063, 5403)

SALICACEAE:

Populus alba L,-~-Rare; BH; brushyabandoned field. (5643)

ie grandidentata Michx.--Occasional; W, S; margins of slope and up-
‘land forest. (5188)

Salix humilis Marsh. ~~Occasional; W, HE, S; abandoned fields. (5060,
5079) and 5638, det. C. R. Ball!)

§S. nigra Marsh,--Occasional; W; shrub swamp.(5447 and 5892, det.
GER Ball)

S. tristis Ait.--Rare; W, E; abandoned fields. (5637, det. C. R,

re Ball)

JUGLANDACEAE:
Carya ‘alba (L.) K. Koch.--Occasional; qr, S; upland forest. (5653)
Ce cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch.--Rare; Y, E; bottom—land and ter-
race forest, (5651)
C, glabra (Mill.) Spach.--Rare (7); W; bottom-land and terrace
forest. (5613, 5697, 5700-~pubescent form)
Juglans cinerea L,--One tree; 3; bottom—land forest. (5685)

BETULACHAZ:
Alnus rugosa (DuRoi) Spreng.--Common; W, §; shrub swamp (5588)
Betula nigra L,—-Apundant; W, B, $; swamp and Ae Rom leme. forest.
(5647)
Carpinus caroliniana Walt.--Common; W; bottom-land forest. (5170)
Corylus americana Yalt.—-Occasional; W; well-drained bottom-land
forest, hedgerows and woods margins. (5440)

18

FAGACZAL:
Castanea dentata (Mareh.) Borkh,--Occasional; W; slope and upland
forest. (5239)
C. pumila (L,) Mill.--Occasional; %, 8; cut-over slope and upland
forest. (5240)
fagus grandifolia Hhrh,--Abundant; W, 5; bottom-land, terrace, and
slope (eseas toned) forest. (5081)
Quercus alba L.-~Abundant; W, S; bottom-land (occasional) to upland
forest. (5696) )
bicolor Willd.--Occasional; W, 5; swemp, bottom-land and terrace
forest. (5052 1/2, 5698)
borealis Michx,, var, maxima (Marsh,) Ashe,-~-Occasional; W; hotton-
land to upland forest. (5761)
coccinea Muench,--Abundant; 7, 8; terrace to upland forest, (5695)
falcata Michx.--Common; W, $; uwoland forest. (5710)
ilicifolia Wang.--Rare; W; upland forest. (5261)
imbricaria Michx. (7?7)--Two trees; $; upland forest, (5724)
lyrata Walt.--Occasional; W; swamp and bottom-land forest, (5047,
5692)
marilandica Muench,--Occasional; W, §; upland forest, (5654)
montana Willd,--Occasional; W, S; upland forest. (5743)
palustris Muench, -~Common; W, S; swamp and bottom-land forest,

(5763)

ff

Piper ip

2

Q. phellos L.--Common; W, $; swamp and terrace forest. (5699)

Q@. prinus L, =-Occasional; W; bottom—-land forest. aoe 6111)

Q. sveliata ates——Ocoaelona? BR, S; upland forest. (5642)

Q. velutina Lam--Common; W, §; ete anid arid) (rare) upland forest,
(5750)

URTICACEAE:

Boehneria cylindrica (L,) Sw.--Common; W, E; bottom~land forest,

(5352

Humulus lupulus L.--Cne plant; 2; bottom-land forest. (6021)
Laportea canadensis (L.) Gavd.--Abundant: W(?), E. (5351)

Morus rubra L.--Rare; ¥, E; bottom-land forest (one tree) and hedge-

row. (5160)
Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray.--Occasional; Ws rots Sasa forest, (5452)
Ulmus americana L.—-Occasional; W, EB (7); bottom-land forest. (5677,

5684, 6020 2)

SANTALACHAE:
Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt,--Occasional; W; margin of woods on
sandy terrace, (5204)

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE:
Asarum canadense L.--Locally common; W; bottom—-land forest, (5115)

POLYGONACHAE ;
Polygonum arifolium L,--Common; W, E, S; marsh, (5674)
aviculare L,--Rare (7); W; abandoned field, (5705)

|

P. dumetorum L.--Rare; W; open terrace forest. (5598)
P, erectum L,--Rare; W: yard, (5712)

19

POLYGONACEAR-~Continued,
hydropiper L.--Occasional (7); Ey roadside ditch. (5379) Ra
. hydropiperoides Michx,--Comnon; W; marsh, (5323)
P. orientale L.--One plant; S; Slleduad swamp. (6093)
1B pensy] vanicup L,--Comnon; W, E; wet meadow and abandoned fields,
DOZ5, Deseo. 5763}
: wee icaria L.--Occasional; W; abandoned fields. (5457, 5530)

ie
Py punctatum #11, --Common; q, E, S; marsh and wet meadon. (5469, 5544,
5752)

P, sagittatum L,--Abundant; W, B, §; marsh, (5545)

P, scandens guioy ~-Occasional: VW; margin of bottom-land forest, (5543 fees
, 6080)

Ee virginianun L.,--Common; W, BH; bottorm-lend forest. (5429)

Rumex . acetosella L.--Common; W, E; absndoned fields. (5128)

R, obtusifolius L~-Rare; E; yard, (5384, 5730)
CHENOPODIACHAR:

Chenopodium album L,--Locally common; T yard. (5708)

C, amorosioides L,--Rare; W; yard. (5808)
AMARANTHACEAE :

Amaranthus hybridus L,--Oceasional; W; abandoned fields. (5720)

PHY TOLACCGAGC HAE:
Phytolecca americana L,--Occasional: W; woods margins. (5313)

ILLECEBRACBAE;
Scleranthus annuus L,--Occasional; W: abandoned field, (5124)

AIZOACEAE: re
Mollugo verticillata L.--Occasional; W, EB, 8; recently bared soil of

abandoned fields, rondsides and: clearings, (5467)

CARYOPEYLLACEAR: |
Arenaria serpyllifolin L.--Occnsioneal: W; abendoned field, (5209 )
Cerastiun viscosum L, L.~-Oecasional; W; abandoned field, (5095)

Dianthus ; armeria L.-Oceasional; W: abandoned fields. (5158)
Lychnis ao Mild Rare; ie abondoned field on sandy terrace. (5106)
Silene stellata (L.) Ait. £. --Occasional; W; open terrace forest. (5430)

Sua Loned folie Muhl -~~Comuon; if portonaaea forest, (5168)

a oe Wee aloeeucion sae ¥, ‘E: ee forest. (5095)

PORTULACAGHI th
one virginica L,--Very abundant; W, E; bottom-land forest. (5083)
NYMPHABACHAE:
Nuphar advena (Ait,) Ait. f.--Common; W, S; marsh. (5129, 5906, 6031,
Wecesins

20

RANUNCULACEAS:
Anemone quinquefolia L.--Rare; %; bottom-land and terrace forest, (5078)
Anemonella thalictroides (L.) Bpach. ~-Occasional; 7, EB; bottom-land
forest. (5114)
Clematis virginiana L,--Rare; 7; margins of bottom-iand and terrace
forest. (5680, 6024)
Ranunculus abortivus L.--Occasional; W; bottom-land forest. (5084)

R. acris L,--Rare; B; abandoned. field. (5842)

R. bulbosus L, eeige sii common; W; abandoned field. (5127)

R. hispidus Mychx. (7)--Occasional; W; runs in bottom-lend forest. (5088)
R. laxicaulis (T. & G.) Darby--Occasional; W; marsh, (5229)

R. pusillus Poir,--Locally common; Vv; marsh, (5077)

R. recurvatus Poir,--Occasional; 7: bottom-land forest. (5101)

R. repens L.--One patch; B; marsh, (5841)

Thalictrum polygamun Muhl. ~-Occasiona 1; W.S; marsh and clearing in

swamp forest. (5287, 5976)

MAGNOLIACEAZ:
Liriodendron tulipifera L.--Occasional;
terrace forest. (5612)
Magnolio virginiana L,--Common; W, HE, S; shrub swamp and swamp forest,
(5645)

oad
\

v7, S (rare); bottom—-land and

ANONACEAE:
Asimina triloba Dunal.--Occasional; W, E; bottom-land forest. (5180)

BERBERIDACHAE: :
Podophyllum peltatum L,--Common; 7, E; bottom-land forest. (5091)

LAURACE/
ao aestivalis (L.) Bl. (Benzoin sestivale).--Occasional; 7;
bottom—land forest, (5172, 5607)
Sassafras officinale Nees & Hberm.--Locally common; W; abandoned

fields. (5099)

PAPAVGRACHAZ:
Chelidonium majus L.--Rare; E; yard. (5845)
Sanguinaria canadensis L,--Rare; E; bottom—-land forest. (See p.10)

FUMARTAC
Cor ee flavula (Raf.) DC.--Rare; EB; bottom—land forest. (5816)

Bigen te qyoullarie (L.) Bernh.--Occasional; W, EB; bottom—land forest,
5814 ;

CRUCIFERAE: .
Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch.--Occasional; 7; abandoned fields. (5107,
BERD. .t
3B. vulgaris R, Br.--Rare; W; yard. (5828)

21

CRUCIFERAE--Continued

Capsella oa el (L.) Medic.--Occa sional, W; abandoned
fields, (6140)

Cardamine eieess (Schreb.) B. S. P. --Occea sional; W; bottom—land
Pomest. (al10)

C, pennsylvenica Muhl.--Rare; W; marsh in bottom-land run. (5182)

Dentaria laciniata imhl. Soc enetionaile W, H; bottom-land forest.
Gi gay ee))

Dreba verna L.--Locally common; W, B; abandoned fields. (5808)

tenidun ¢ Seeihs (L.) R. Br.--Occasional (7); W; abandoned field.
5210

L. virginicum L.--Occasional (?); W; abandoned field. (5211)

Sisyubrium altissimum L.--Rare; E; yard. (5849)

S. officinale (L.) Scop., var. leiocarpum DC.--Rare; E; yard. (5844)

S. thalienum (L.) J. Gay.--Locally common; W; abandoned field on
sandy terrace. (5071)

PODOSTHEMACHAE;
Podostemum ceratophyllum iiichx.--Locally common; W, BE; river, (5688)

CRASSULACE
ee sedoides L.--Rare; ¥; marsh. (5448)

SAXIFRAGACHAE :
Heuchera americana L.--Cecasional;
Giger

Pad

“3 bottom—-land and terrace forest.

Hydrangea arborescens L,--Rare; J; Terrace forest. (5686)
Itea virginica L ease W; swamp forest. (5899
HAMAMELIDACHAR:
Liquidambar styraciflua L,-~Abundant; Ww, S; wet meadow, swamp forest

and bottom—land forest. (5704)

PLATANACHAE:
Platanus occidentalis L.--Oecasional; ¥; bottom—-land forest. (5681)

ROSACEAB:

Agrimonia mollis (T. & G.) Britton.--Rare; %; hedgerow. (5780)

A. parviflora Ait.--Rare; ¥; margin of bottom-land forest. (5494)

Amelanchier oblongifolia (T. & G.) Roem.--Occasional; W; shrub swamp,
(5074, 5258)

Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Ell.--Occasional; 7, S; shrub swamp and hedge-
rows (5097 7)

A, prunifolia (Marsh.) Rehd. (A. aroutifolia var. atropurpurea) .—~
Rare; S$; shrub swamp. (5792)

Crataegus straminea Beadle (?7).--Rare; 7; former clearing. (5661)

Fragaria virginiana Duchesne,--Occasional; W; abandoned fields. (5100)

cee canadense Jacq.--Occasional; EB; bottom—land forest. (5347)

Potentilla canadensis L. (P. pumila). --Common; W, E; abandoned
fields on sandy terraces. (5108)

22

ROSACEAE---Continued,
P, monspeliehsigs Lj<-Occasional, W; wet meadow. (5314)
P, recta l.--xere; W; abandoned fields. (5896)
P. simplex Michx. (P, canadensis of Gray's Manual).--Occasional; 1;
abandoned field, (5117) .
Prunus serotina Ehrh,--Occasional; W; hedgerows and woods margins.

(5189)
Rosa carolina L,--Occasional; W; hedgerows and woods margins. (5783,
5868)

R, paulustris Marsh.--Common; W, S; shrub swamp, (5064, 5279, 5974)

Rubus centraiis Bailey.--Rare (7): W; abandoned field. This or other
dewberry species common W, S$, (5264, det, L. H. Bailey)

R. cuneifolius Pyrsh.-—Rare; S: abandoned fields. (5787)

Re hispidus L,--Abundant; W, $; swamp forest. (5249)

R. occidentalis L.--Occasional; W, E; hedgerows and woods margins,

(5429)
R. ostryifolius Rydb.-~Occasional; VW; es Clearing. This or other
highbush blackberry species common V, (5312, det. L. H, Bailey)

Sanguisorba canadensis L,--Rare; B, §; open ea swamp. (5736)

Spiraes latifolia (Ait.) Borckh,--Occasional; #, S; shrub swamp.
(5291) |

S. tomentosa L.--Occasional; W; wet meadow. (5059, 5341)

LEGUMINOSAS :

Amphicarpa bracteata (L.) Fern,--Common; W; bottom-land forest.
(5486€) |

Apios tuberosa Moench,--Occasional; W; we

Baptisia tinctoria (L,.) R. Br.--Occasiona
land forest. (5390)

Cassia fasciculata Mychx.--Common (?); EB; abandoned field. (5363)

» nictitans L,--Common; W, E, S;: abandoned fields. ( 5388)

Crotalaria sagittalis L. =-Oecasi onal; V,. 33 pee fields. (5334
5414}

Desmodiun bracteosun (Michx.) DC., var.--Rare; E; hedgerow. (5386)

D, dillenii Darl. --Occasional; W; open terrace forest, abandoned
fields and hedgerows. (5578, 5599, 5617)

D, marilandicum (L.) DC.--Rare; W; abandoned field on sandy terrace,
(5550)

D, nudiflorum (L.) DC,--Occasional; W; terrace and slope forest,
(5435)

D. obtusum (Muhl.) DC, --Occasional; "7, E; sandy abandoned fields.
(5616, 5633) |

D. paniculatum (L.) DC.--Occasional; W; open forest and abandoned
field on sandy terrace. (5600, 5614)

D. rotundifolium (Michx.) DC.--Rare; ¥; slope forest. (5877)

D. viridiflorum (L.) Beck.--Rare (7); VY, B; abandoned fields on
sondy terrnces..(5615, 5738)

Lespedezn capitata Michx,--Occasional; BE; abandoned field, (5632)

L. hirta (L.) Hornem.--Occasional; W; abandoned field on son
terrace, (5611, 6016)

i
t Oo
1; WV, E, S; terrace to up-

la,

ay

23

LEGUMINOSAE--Continved,.

L, intermedia :((Wats.). Britton (L. frutescens;. --Rare (7); W; aban-
“Goned field on oe terrace, (5620)

L, .repens (Lo) Bart. SUpeaasionanhemt: abandoned fields on analy ter-
races), (p5Se, S09), Seal ooa2)

L. striata (Thunb.) H. & A.--Common; W, E; abandoned fields. (5769)

L. virginice (L.) Britton. Occasional: W, EB; sandy abandoned fields.
(5618, 5635, 5640)

Medicago lupulina L, =-Occasional; W, E; abandoned fields. (5825)

M. sativa L,--Rare; E; yard. (5 5850)

Melilotus alba een. -aoseaen Gaels WV, EB: abandoned fields. (5846)

M, officinalis (L.) Lam.—-Rare; , 3; enden (5847)

Robinia pseudo-acacia L.--Cecasional; W; abandoned fields and upland
forest. (5577) |

Strophostyles umbellata (Muhl.) Bri
fields on sandy terrace. (5409

Se LOS aes biflora (L.) B. S. P,--Rare; W; open terrace forest.

tton,--Cccasional; W; abandoned
ot

mesial virginiana (L.) Pers.--Occasional; W; upland forest. (5238)

Trifolium agrarium L,--Locally common; 7; Peondonedisienaa (5218)
T, arvense L,--Occasional; W, HB; abandoned fields. (5224)

ius dubium “Sibth, —-Occasional; W; abandoned field. (5206)
T, t yori dun L.--Locally common; ¥%, 3; abandoned fields. (5507, 5831)
a, pratense L.--Occasional; Y, HE; eee fields. (5282)

9

procumbens L,~-Common; W, & Gis ee fields. (5157)

was 2 y= Secaslona: E; ebandone d eld. (5832)

2 SC een a ee E; aba Hasaee field, (5829)

LINACHAE;
Linum floridanum (Planch.) Trel.--Rare (?); W; wet meadow (5299
5986)
str striatum Walt.--Occasional; W; wet meadows. (5987, 5991, 6100 )
irzinianum L,--Rare; W; oasis upland forest. (5667)

ia
ll 9
OXALIDACHAE:
Oxalis stricta L.--Occasional; ¥; abandoned fields. (5191)
GHRANIACEAE:
Brodium cicutarium (L.) L'¥er,—--Occasional; W; abandoned field on
sandy terrace. (5070)
Geranium carolinianum L.--Occasionai; 7, E; abandoned fields. (5207,
5643)
G, maculatum L.--Occasional; W; well-drained bottom-land forest.
(5087)

POLYGALASHA®;
Polygala curtissii A. Gray.--Common; W (7); E, S; abandoned fields.
(5332, 5374, 5636)
P, sanguinea L,--Occasional; W, E; wet meadow. (5285, 5373)
2 verticillata L.--Occasional; 7; abandoned field. (5324)

“24

EUPHORBIACEA®:
Acalypha gracilens A. Gray.--Occasional; W, B; partly cleared forest

~-and abandoned fields, (5585) |
A. virginica L.--Common; W; clearings in bottom-land forest and

abandoned fields on sendy terraces. (5537)
Huphorbia corollata L.--Occasional; E; abandoned field on sandy ter-

race, (5359)
E. ipecacuanhae L.--Rare; §; clearing in raALaed! forest. (5141)

E. presiii i Guss.--Occasional; W; abandoned fields. (5460)

CALLITRICHACHAS :
Callitriche austini Engelm.--Occasional; W, 5; damp soil in terrace
forest. (5243, 5973)
C. heterovhylia Pursh.--Common; W, 3; runs i bottom—lend forest,

springs and brooks. (5224, 5910)

ANACARDIACEAE :
Rhus copailina L, ~~Comnon; W, B; abandoned fields and hedgerows.
(5369, 5541)
R. epee -~-Cccasional; W, E; abandoned fields and hedgerows.
5540

R. typhina Torner.--Occasional; W; hedgerows. (5539)

Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Xuntze.--Abundant; W; bottom-land forest,
hedgerows, etc. 5751)

T, vernix (L.) Kuntze.--Common; ¥, E, S; shrub swamp. (5393)

AQUIFOLIACEAE:

Ilex laevigata (Pursh) A. Gray.--Rare; $; swamp forest. (5791)

I, opaca Ait.--Common; W, §; terrace and slope forest, and hedge-
rows. (5068, 5153 )

I, verticillata (L.) A. Gray.--Common;
forest. (5646)

”

W, HE, S; shrub swamp and swamp

CELASTRACEAE:
Evonymus americanus L,~-Occasional; W; bottom-land forest. (5167)

ACERACEAZ:
Acer rubrum L,--Common; W, 8S; swamp forest and bottom-land to up—-
land forest. (5655)
A. saccharinum L,--Rare; , E; bottom—land forest. (5683)
BALSAMINACEAE:
Impatiens biflora Walt.--Occasional; W; bottom-land forest. (5288)

RHAMNACEAR
Ceanothus americanus L,--Rare;

VW; upland forest. (5912)
VITACEAE:
Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch,--Occasional; W; bottom-
land forest and hedgerows (7). (5690)

wo
oI

VI TACEAE--Continued,
Vitis aestivalis Michx,+-Occasiénal; W, E; hedgerows and woods
margins. (5030, 5222, 5639)
V. cordifolia Lam, --Occasional; W; bottom—land forest and hedgerow.
(S159) 56382)
V. labrusca L.--Occasional; W; Redecs ows and margins Re bouton lend

and terrace forest. (5156, 5694)

MALVACEAE:
Abutilon theophrasti Medic.--Locally common; HB; abandoned field. (5364)

Mal va neglecta Wallr.--Rare; W; yard. (5506)

Sida spinosa L.--Rare; B; abandoned field. (5365)

HYPERICACEAE:
Ascyrum hypericoides L.--Occasional; W; terrace and upland (?) forest
and abandoned fields. (5402)
Hyper cull iesnadense L,--Occasional; 7, §; wet meadow, (5293, 5421,
5570)

H, denticulatum Walt. (H. virgatum)--Locally common; W, E; abandoned
- fields on sandy terraces. (5748, 5989)

H, gentianoides (L.) B. 8. P.--Common; W; abandoned fields (7). (5422)

H, mutilum L.--Common; W; marsh, (5315)

HB. pert -foratum Tale eacslonan: VW, EB, S; abandoned fields. (5913)

H. petiolatum Yalt.--Rare: W; marsh. (5916, 6014)

He punctatum Lam, = Ogeaish cai: W; bottom—-land run and wet meadow,

(5300, 5450)

H. virginicum L.--Cecasional; W, B, S; marsh. (5483)
CISTACHAE:
Helianthemam bicknellii Fern.--Occasional; §; sandy abandoned fields.

(5728)

H. canadense (L.) Michx.--Rare; W, S; open upland forest. (5711,
5788) ,

Lechea racemulosa Michx.--Comnon; W; abandoned fields on sandy ter-

race, (5610)

VIOLACEAE ;
Viola affinis LeConte,--Common; W, EB; pottom—land forest. (5086, 5815)
: brittoniana Pollard,--Rare; W; well-drained, open bottom-land for-— |
est, (6011).
cucuilata Ait.--Occasional; W; marsh. (5076, 5820)
eriocarpa Schein,--Oceasional M; ie pagers forest. (5178, 5819)

Ser cne, L.--Occasional; 7 5: wet meadow. (5073)

ela Ait, ~—Secasional, W, EH; wet meadow, (5092)

isi sisting
HI
199
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10
io
10
sak
3169
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Q
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Bee
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Ss
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5
Qu
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fae)

LYTHRACEAE ;
Cuphea petiolata (L.) Koehne.--Occasional; 4; abandoned fields (5465)

Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne.--Occasional; W; marsh, (5482, 5717, 6025)

MELAS TOMACEA®:
Rhexia ma ariana Te -~Common; W, EB: wet meadow. (5275

oo

R, virginica L.--Occasional; W: wet meadow. (5217)

ONAGHACEAZ:
Circaea latifolia Eill.--Occasional; W; bottom—land forest. (5308)
Epilobium coloratum Muhl.--Occasional; W; wet meadow. (5475)

;
Indvigia alterifolia L.~-Occasional; W; wet meadow. (5319)

L. palustris (L.) Ell,--Atundant; W: marsh. (5232)

Cenothera bieanis L.~-Occasional "(2s 7 abandoned field. (5542)
0 2
0

; 4
i; A
° 5 / Dd
. linearis Michx.--Occasional; W, S$ (? ae abandoned fields. (5238S)
inediceliata (Small) Robinson.--Common; W, E; wet meadow.
(5215, 5904 7)

HALORAGIDACEAS:
Proserpinaca palustris L.--Occasional; 7, HB; marsh. (5356, 6102)

ARALI

ACEAE:

oe

Aralia nudiceuwlis L.--Oceasional; W; terrace forest. (5446, 5822)

A. soinosa L.--Rare; §; terrace forest. (6112)

Panax trifolium L.--Occasional; W, BH; bottom—-land and terrace forest.

UMBELLIFERAE:
Angelica villosa (Walt.) B, 8S. P.-~Rare; W; unl
Cicuta maculata L.--Oceasional; W; marsh. (532:
Cryptotaenia sanadensis (L.) DC,--Common; 7, 3B; bottom-land forest.
(5346) :
Daucus carota L.--Occasional, W; abandoned fields. (5325)
Hydrocotyle americana L.--Rare: 7; bottom—lend forest. (5306)

)
Oypolis. wigidior (L.) Covlt. & Rose.--Occasional;: S; marsh. (5024,
ca Ga;

ADEN S 2 | ; bottom—-land forest. (5309
Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nuit.--One plant; W; bottom—land fores
(6110)

Sanicula canadensis L,--Rare; W

ct

Cornus amomum Mill. --Occasional; W, EH; margins of bottom—-land forest,

5496, 5644)
C, florida L.--Common; W; bottom-land to apieee forest. (5103)
Nyssa sylvatica Marsh.--Occasional; W, $;- swamp forest. (5278)
ERICACEAE:

Ciimaghicle maculata (L.) Pursh.--Common; W, S; terrace and slope and
“woland forest. (5305)

C. umbeliata (L.) Bart.--Occasional; W (rare), S; slope and upland
Pores set, 5B75 5,

Clethra alnifolia L.--Common; W, §; shrub swamp and hedgerows and

4

woods margins. (5345)

Epigaea_ repens te ee W, S; terrace to upland forest. (56

27

ERICACEAR--Continued,

cena preeumbens L.--locally common! W; terrace to upland forest,
(5656)

Gaylussacia haccata (Yane,) K. Koch,--Abundant; W, S; slope and up-
land forest, (5120)

G, frondosa (L,) T. & G.--Common; YW, §; swamp forest (occasional) and
slope and upland forest. (5198, 63298

Kalmia angustifolia L.--Ocecasional; W, 8; swamp forest. (5196)

K. latifolia L.--Common: W, S; terrace to upland forest. (5147)

Leucothoe racemosa (L,) A. Gray.--Common; W, S: swamp forest. (5123

Lyonia ligustrina (L.) DC. ~-Common; -W, E, 8; swamp forest, brushy
wet meadows,and hedgerows. ( (5298)

L, mariana (L.) D. Don,--Qceasional: W, B, $; terrace to upland
forest, (5146)

Monotrona hynopitys
(5443, 5668)

M, wiiflora L,--Occasional; W; terrace and slope forest. (5250)

Pyrola al ee Sweet.--Common; W, 8; terrace and slope forest.

L.--Occasional; ¥, S$; terrace to upland forest.

hlo aoe Sw, (?)--Rare; §; uplend forest. (5062)

asics Nutt.--One patch S; upland forest. (5789)

ecunda L.-—-Rare; S; slope forest, (5804)

Rhododendron nudiflorum (L. ) Torr,--Occasional; W, S: terrace to
uplend forest. (5102)

R, viscosum (L,) Torr.--Occasional: W, S$; shrub swamp. (5194)

Vaccinium atrococcum (A, Groy) Be LUOla seatuoieats W, HE, 5; shrub
suaim, abandoned fields and hedgerows. (5075, 5925)

Y. stamineum L,--Occasional; S$; slope and upland forest. (5142)

V. vacillans eet 2 hmnserae W, S; slope and upland forest and

nbandoned fields. (5119 and 5°26, both var. crinitum Fern. )

g:
4, (8
se

PRIMULACEAR:
Anagallis arvensis L,-~Rare; S$; recently broken soil in ee (5915)
Lysimachia Pon L,--Common; W, HE; bottom—land forest. (5407)
L, producta (A, oe) Fern.--Locally common; W; abandoned field on
bottom-lend. (5292)

L. quadrifolia a --Occasional; W; terrace to upland forest. (5241)
is ermesibeiicy Gh). Be) Sanime Loigacilike common: W; wet meadow, (5295)
Steironema ciliatum (L.) Raf.--Common; W (? ). E: bottom—land forest.
(5355)
Se Lancesdotum (Walt.) A. Gray.--Occasional; W; wet meadow. (5320
5990)
EBENACHAR:

Diospyros virginiana L,--Cccasional; W; bottom-land forest, aban-~
doned fields and hedgerows. (5223)

OLEACEAR:
Chionanthus virginica L,--Occasional; W, E; bottom-land and terrace
forest, (5162, 5826)
Fraxinus biltmoreano Beadle.—-Occasional; W; bottom-land forest.
(5045, 5637 2)
F, pemnsylvenica Mersh, (?)--Occasional; W; bottom-land forest.
(5679)

GENTIANACE!
Bartonia paniculata (Michx.) Robinson.--Rare; 7; terrace forest.
5707
Gentiona clausa Raf. (7)--Occasional; W, E, S; wet meadow. (5725,

6103 1/2)

Sabatia angularis (L.) Pursh,--Occasional; W; abandoned fields
on sandy terrace, (5410)

APOCYNACEAS:

_Apocynum cannabinum L., var, pubescens (R. Br.) DC.--Occasional;
7; wet meadow. (5396)

ASCLEPIADACEAE:
Acerates viridiflora Hll.--Rare; W, S; abandoned fields. (5970)

Asclepias “ampleryicaulis Sm.--Rare; W; abandoned field. (5900)
A. pulchra Ehrh, --Cecasional; W, E; wet meadow. (5318)
A, syriaca L.--Occasional; W; abandoned fields. (5454)

A. tuberosa L,--Rare; 7, S$; abandoned fields. (5301)

CONVOLVULACEAS: .
Convolvulus senium L,--Rare; W, E; abandoned fields. (5903, 5984)
Cuscuta compacta a Juss.-~Rare; W: woods margin. This or other
species occasional W, 8. (5416)

Ipomoea hederacea Jacq.~-Rare (7); W; abandoned fields. (5525)

I, lacunosa L.--Occasional; W; abandoned fields. (5526)

I, pandurata (L.) G. F, W, Mey.--Occasional: W, E; abandoned
fields on sandy terraces. (5361, 5551)

I, purpurea (L.) Roth,--Rare; ¥, E; yards. (5456)

POLEMONIACEAE:

Phlox maculata L.--Occasional; W; open forest and hedgerows and
_ woods’ margins on sandy terraces, (5344, 5424)

HYDROPHYLLACEAE;:

Hydrophyllum virginianum L,--Rare; W, E; bottom—-land forest,
(5179)
BORAGINACEAE:

Mertensia virginica (L,) Link,--Occasional; “W, EB; bdottom-land
~ forest. (5113, 5817)
Myosotis laxa Lehm.--Occasional; W; marsh, (5231, 5280)

e+

VERBENACEAE :

Verbena hastata L.--Locally common; W, E, S; wet meadow. (5370)
Verbena urticaefolia L,--Occasional (?); B; abandoned field.
(5382)

LABIATAE:

Collinsonia canadensis L.--Locally common; W, E; bottom-land and
terrace forest. (5431)

Cunila origanoides (L.) Britton.--Rare; S$; upland forest. (5802,
~ 6096)

29

LABIATAE-~-Continued.
Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers.--Occasional: W; open terrace and up-
land forest. (5493)
Lamium anmplexicaule L.--Rare; W; yard. (5236)
Leonurus cardiaca L,--Rare; BE; yard. (5830)
Lycopus americanus Muh. se eacilone:! (7), EB; wet meadow. (5378)
L. uniflorus ; Michx.--Locally common; S$; cleared shrub swamp, (5726)
L. virginicus L.--Occasional (7); W; maran) (5299)
Mentha canadensis L,--Locally common; W (?), E; gpringy meadows.

i nn

Menez)

Nepeta hederacea (L.) Trevisan.--Locally common; W; former clearing.
Bey) Te

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton.--Rare; W, E; open bottom-land forest.
(5566)

Prunella vulgaris L,--Ocecasional; W, E; abandoned fields. (5381)
Pycnanthemum flexuosum (Walt.) B. S. F.--Occasional; W; wet meadow,
(5342)
P, incanum (L.) Michx.--Rare; W; clearings in terrace and slope forest,
(5426, 5779)
P, muticum (Michx.) Pers ,~~Occasional; W, BE; wet meadows and abandoned
field. (5843, 5782)
VeriLeilVatiume (Michz.) Pers.--hare; W; clearings in terrace and
slone forest. (5437, 5778)
Scutellaria integrifolis L.--Occasional; W; wet meadow, (5294)
§, lateriflora L.--Occasional; W, §; marsh, (5449)
S, ovalifolia Pers.--Rare; W; open terrace forest. (5891, 5911)
Teucrium canadense L.--Rare; EB; vettom—-land forest. (5348)

Trichostema dichotomum L.--Comnon; W; atandoned fields. (5058, 5527,

SOLANACEAE:
Datura stramonium L,--Occasional; E; yard. (5731)
Physalis < subglabre ata Mack, & Bush. = Reyaae Ws abandoned field and

yard. (5781, 6101)
Solanum carolinense L,--Common; %, E; abandoned fields. (5263)
S. nigrum L.--Rare; W, E: yards. (5719)

SCROPHULARIACEAE: :
Aureolaria virginica (L.) Pennell. cu@oae somal W; terrace and UP=
land forest. (5400, 5673)
Chelone glabra L,--Rere; W, $; marsh. (5572, subsp. ‘yceat!
Gerardia decem2oba Greene.——0ces asional; E; UecOes. teeergs (5631) ©

fe —————

Gnomdous “virginiana is ‘tg! Abi Seeman. cee nee us run in

yg eae forest. fey

aoe a
1, dubia (1, ) Punneiy. subsp. major (Pursh) Pennell. -~-Occasional;
coe Vinee ow sudsp. latifoliun (Muh, ) Beauverd.--
Occasional; W, S; terrace and slope forest. Some sight records
may not be this subspecies, (5254)

30

SCROPHULARIACEAB--Continued.
Minvlus alatus Ait.--Common; W; bottom-land forest. 5408 )
i. ring s L.--Rare; Wy wet meadow. (5466)
Podienlaris lencoolata Michx.--One clump; 3; op
Ne hah cheep 2: i Ne

ee bascum bintiaria L.--Rare (7);

3;
V. thapsus L.--Rare; W; abandoned field.
Vv a Tr

Qn

2 -~O
9)
ene)

& > &

Veronica arvensis L.--Occasional; \; abandone ields. . (50
V. officinalis -L.--Occasional; W%,S; abandcned ficlds (5149)
V. peregrina L.~-Rare; W; abandoned ficld (5139)

Te serpyllifo lia L.--Occa gional; W; abandoned field. (5093)

LENTIBULARIACEAE:
Utricularia geminiscapa Benj.--Rare; W,,5; brooks. (5992, 8075)

OROBAN CHACHAE:
Eoifarus virginiana (L.) Bart.--Coumon; W, 8; terrace and slope

5603)
ue nawaie oe L.--Rare: Ws; bottom-lond forest. (5134)

_ SS

BIGN Sd TACi ee

SS ee

og
G1 a
OD,
Ge
~S

PHRYLACEAR:
Phryma leptostachye L.--One plant; W; bottom-land forest. (5453)

PLANTAGINACEAR:
Plantago aristata iichx.--Ocensional; W; roadside. (5335)
P, lanceolata L.--Commpn; VW; abandoned fields. (5104)

Pp Bene - ee ar
P. rugelii Dene.-Common: W; abandoned fields. (5459, 5532)
D 7 - fm-5

2. virginica L.--Occeasionnal: W, E: ahandoned fields. (5163)

RUBIACEAR:
Cephalanthus occidentalis L.--Common; W, E, S; shrub swamp. (52
Diodia teres Walt. —Abundant; W, E, a abandoned fields 5418)

Galium aoarine L.--Common; W; pate tae. forest. (5185 ?

Ge < circaezgans Michx,.--Rarce; W; terrace forest. (5311, 5426

G. claytoni Michx,--Locally common; W; wet moadow. (5233)

G. pilosum Ait.--Rare; W, S; upland forest-ond abandoned ficld on

sandy terrace, (5713, 5749)

hrub swamp. (5737)

tinctorium L.--Occasional; W; bottom—land forest. (5185, 5253

ey ULE florum | Michx.--Occasional; W
forast. (S549, 6109)
Houstonia caerulea L.--Common; W, EB; bottom-land forest, wet mon
abandoned fields, etc. (5082
H. purpurea L,--Occasional; W; bottom-land forest, etc. (?) (516:
Mitchella repens L,.--Common; W, 8; ‘terrace and slope forest. (5

Oldenlandia uniflora L.--Rare; W; wet meadow. (5714)

3l

, B, S3; bottom—-land and terrace

CAPRIFOLIACEAR
Lonicera senemdca a Thunb.--Common; W, BE, 5; bottom-land, swamp and
‘terrace forse %, abandoned fields and hedgerows. (5154)
Sambucus eeuedleneie L.--Occasional; W, 8; bottom+land forest,

auser eR mCP aoe Ae \
shrub swamp and hedgerows. (5221)
fivurnum acerifolium L.--Cecasional: W; well-drained bottom—land

and terrace forest. (5164)

V. Gentatum L.+-Occasional (?7);.E; shrub swamp. (58324)

V. nudwa L.--Occasional; W:; swamp forest. (5065, 5553, 5767, 5827)

V. prunifoliun Those etonen W: btottom-land forest. (5046, 5112)

V. pubescens (Ait.) Pursh.--Comnon; W, 5; bottom-land, swamp and
terrace forest and hedgerows. (5050, 5229, 5579, 5605, 5662,

5795)

CUCUREBITACHAE:
Sicyos angulatus L.--Rare; W; bettom-land forest. (5576)

CAMPANULACEAE:
Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC.~-Occasional; W, EH; abandoned

aye SR
fuelase (5200)

cardinalis L.--Gonsnon ; W, EH; bottom-land forest. (5350)
L ta, L.--Occasional; BE; abandoned field. (53¢0)
L. puoerula Michx.--Locally common; W; wet meadow. (5463, 5552)
L. spicata Lam.--Rere; W; open forest and abandoned I

er

COM: POSITATE (Determined by S. F. Blake, except as otherwise noted):
Achillea millefcolium L.--Occasional: W; abandoned rl (5225)
Actinomeris alter nifolia (a3 9): 208) 6 Uae. W, HE; open bottom—land

forest. (6022, det. Hotchkiss)
imbrosia artemisiifolia L.--Common; W, 2
5509)
A. trifida L.--Rare; W; open bottom—-land for

andoned fields. (5057,

(5492)

st.
abandoned fields.

3

Antennaria neglecta Greene.--Occasional; W, 3;
5116) (5610, det. Hotchiiss)
A. neodicica Greene.-~-Rare; W; abandoned field. (5118)
i parlinii F eee W; roadside. (5148)
is L.e--Sommon: WV, HE; abandoned fields. (5205) (5895,

Pia
NS

Anthemis ave

L BENT
det. Ho LChKLSS

J. cotula L.--Rare; 3; yard. (5914, det. Hotchkiss)
Arctium Iinus (Hill) Bernh.--Occasional; EB; yard. (5385
Aster a divaricatus L.--Rare: HE: bottom-land forest. (5567)
A. dumosus L.--Cecasional; W; open shrub swamp. (5554
A. eae ee Le--Hare: W, H: woods margins. (5775)
al (7); W; open shrub swamp (5555)

A. paniculatus Lan, (2Y.--Occasiona
and roadside. (5760, form)
. umbellatus Mili.--Rare: W; wet meadow. (6099)
undulatus L,--Oceasional; Wspartly cleared terrace and upland
~ fore st. (5602 , 5776)

4A. vimineus Lam.--Occasional; S; abandoned field. (5745)

ry
ee

COMPOSITAH--Continucd. ; .
Bidens bipinnats L.--Rare; 3; yard. (5627)
B,. connat aos Gan eacannen: WV; marsh, (5558)
B a L.—-Hare;. W; wet meadow. (5534)
B vuizata Greene. --Rare: W; abandoned field. (5723)
Gacalia a atriplicifolia L.--Rare; W;’ open terrace forest. (542
Chrysanthemu leucanthemum Dies) VAT s pinnatifidun’ Lecoq & et ae
~~ Common; W, =; abandoned fields. (5152)
Chrysovsis: mariana (L. ) Nutt.--Comnon: W, BE, S; terrace forest’ (rare)
and abandoned, often brushy fields. (5684)-
Cichoritm intybus L.--Occasional; E; yard. (5622)

Girsiun linceolatun (L.) Hill, --Oceasional W; abandoned fields.

( BAYS 9 ae pees

Coreops sis verticillata L,--Ocen sional; WV, = upland forest and aban-
“doned fields, (5442) (

Eclipta alba (i) ieee Occasional: Why fades meadow. (5652)
Hlephant bonus carolinianus TWilld.—-Occa sional; W; woods margins. (5557)
Erechti ites hieracifolia (L.) Ra af ,.--Common; We S; cleared swamp and

upland ( rare) forest. (5502)

Hrigeron oe (L.) Pers.--Common; W, E; abandoned fields. (5202)

H. canadensis L.--Common; W, E; abandoned fields. (5461) |

Zz. ramosus Cit.) Boma my A. ee V, Be: abandoned ficids, (5201)

Hupatorium albu L,--Rare; ZB; abandoned field under pine. (5735)

a aronaticum L, --Rare; Tee open terrace forest.’ (5597)

z. coclestinum Le--Rare; Wj abandoned field. (5462)

HE. hyssopifolium L.--Raro; 7; wot meadow. (5582)

EH. perfoliatum L.--Occasional; VW; BH; wot meadow. (5470)

EH. pubescens lfhl. --Raro; S: abandoned ficla. (5742)

BH. purpurcua L.—-Oceasional; 7; wet meadow ana yoandoned fic es
PASLI9)—

z. poem ror L.--Occasional; 7; wet mondow. (5590)

HE. torrevonun 2 Short.--Rare; E; apanaaied field among pines (5641)

E. eVeAeTe | tun lichx.--Occasional; W, 8; open terrace forest

and abandoned ficld. (5547, 5741)

alinsoga ciliata (Raf.) Blake.--Rare; W; yard. (5235)
cae eae aac eee L.--Occasional; W; abandoned field
Gr purpureum L.--Occasional (7); V; eeaaosed field. (519¢
Helenivum a auitmmale L.--Rare: VW, B: wet meadow. (6028)
:

|

H. nudifiorum freer clonal W, S; abandoned field
(595, det. Hotchlciss)

Helianthus gigantevs L.--Occasional; W; margins of
terrace forest. (5495--form, 5535)

Hicracium gronovii L.--Occasional; W; a

race. Wa 5412)

HK. paniculatum L.--Occasional; well-drained bottom—-land and terrace
forest. (562)

H. scabrum Michx.--Rarec; W; woods margin. (5-420)

H. venosum L.--Ocensional; W; slope and upline :

oo!

fs, , ~whaAsxr +
andoned field on sandy ter-

c

L. floridana (L.) Gacrtn.--Oceasional; WV

ma . forest. (524:
Krigia virginica (L.) Willd.--Common; W, EB; abandoned ficlds. (5109)
Lactuca canadensis L., form.--Occasional; WV; abandoned ficld. (5326)

.

’ C .
2 is 1 Cc

; woods margins. (5415

s
e
2

mvry
oo

COMPOST TAH--Continued.
L, scariola L.--Occasionals Wy yarall (5988)
Liatris s graminifolia (Walt. »)) Willd.--Locally common; W (rare), Zz,
S; abandoned fields. (5630) |
Mikanio scandens (L.) Willd.--Rare; W; bottom—lond forest. (5606)
Psonu ties senpenterte Pursh.--Rare; VW, E; woods margins. (5602)
(6081, det. Hotchkiss) .
Rudbeckia hirta dots, L,.--Locally common; WV, S; abandoned fields. (5219)
R. laciniata L.--Occasional; W, BE; dottom—-land forest. (5485)
Senecio | aureus L,--Rare; W; bottom-lond forest. (5174)
Sie Saolad Britton, prea Ww, EH; abandoned fields. (5901, det. Hotch-
ue kiss)
Se ericocarpus asteroides (L.) B. B. P,--Oceasional; 5; slope forest.
(5321)
Sie atfollins (L.) B, S. P.--Common; EB, S; abandoned fields. (5333)
Solida ago altissima L,--Occasional; “7; abandoned field. (5576)
Soi bicolor feo —-Rare; W, E, §; well-drained bottom—land to upland
~ forest. (5665)
S. cnesin L.--Rare; “; open terrnce forest. (5596)
8. graminifolia (L.) Salisb., var. nuttallii (Greene) Fern,--Rare
ss pbandoned field. (5529)
Ss. juncea Ait,--Locally common;
(5358)
S. nemoralis Ait.--Locally common; V; abandoned field. (5589)
§. puoerula Nutt.--Locally common; V7, §; open upland forest and aban~
Goned field. (5666, 5727)
rugosa, Mgll.--Occasional; 7; open terrace forest. (5432, 5546)
araxocun laevigatum (Willd.) DC. (2. erythrospernum).--Rare; 5;
kreec Gee ee 4
T, officinale Veber.--Occasional; W, EB; partly cleared terrace forest
(rare) and yards. (5823, det. Hotchkiss)

Vernonia noveboracensis Willd.--Occasional; Ws wet mendow, (5471)
Xanthiua pungens ; Wally .--Occasional; 3 abandoned fields. (5702)

Bl

; abandoned field on sandy terrace,

34