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1

PUBLICATIONS OF THE SIERRA CLUB
Number 27

A FLORA

OF THE

South Fork of Kings River

From

MILLWOOD TO THE HEAD WATERS OF BUBBS CREEK

By

ALiCE Eastwood

June, 1902

(PRICE- SEVEXTY-FirE CE.XTS;

V". T

Sierra Club Publications.

The purposes of the Club are : — " To explore, enjoy ^ and ren-
der accessible the tnountain regions of the Pacific Coast ; to publish
authentic iriformation coiiccrning them ; to enlist the support and
co-operation of the people and Government in preserving the for-
ests and other natural features of the Sierra Nevada Mountains'''

OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1902-1903.

Board of EHrectors.

Mr. John Muir President

Mr. Elliott McAllister Vice President

Mr. J. N. LeConte Treasurer

Prof. W. R. Dudley Corresponding Secretary

Mr. William E. Colby Recording Secretary

Prof. George Davidson, Pres. David Starr Jordan,
Mr. Warren Gregory, Mr. Warren Olney.

A uditing Co tn m ittee.
Directors Gregory, McAllister, and Dudley.

Committee on Publications,
Pres. David Starr Jordan, Chairtnan.
Mr. J. S. Hutchinson, Jr., Dr. Marsden Manson,

Assistant Editor, Dr. Emmet Rixford,
Mr. A. G. Eells, Mr. E. T. Parsons,

Mr. J. S. Bunnell, Mr. R. H. F. Variel,

Prof. J. H. Senger, Mr. Tracy R. Kelley.

Committee on Admissions,
Directors Dudley, Olney, and McAllister.

Co?nmittee on Parks and Reservations,
Prof. George Davidson, Chairman.
Prof. W. R. Dudley, Pres. D.wid Starr Jordan,

Mr. J. M. Elliott, Mr. Abbot Kinney.

Comtnittee on Outing and Transportation,

Mr. Wm. E. Colby, Chairman.

Mr. J. N. LeConte, Mr. Edward T. Parsons.

PREFACE.

In the summer of 1899 Mr. Pierson Durbrow, Mr. S. L. Berry
and Mr. Benjamin Brooks planned a trip of two weeks to the
south fork of Kings River. Knowing my great desire to explore
this region, chiefly for the sake of its flora, they kindly invited
me to be one of the party. We were twelve days (July 2-14) in
the region, and traveled on foot from Millwood to the headwaters
of Bubbs Creek, ascending both branches, the one leading to East
Lake and Harrisons Pass, the other to Bullfrog Lake and Kear-
sarge Pass. We ascended what is known as Mt. Stanford, but no
other peak as the time was too limited.

We had only two animals to carry our baggage, and, since pro-
visions and bedding were necessary, my botanical outfit had to be
very limited and 1 was not able to collect as much as I would
have liked. Then, too, the time was so short, so that while I
tried to collect specimens of all the different kinds of plants that
grew along the trails, none were collected in abundance ; possibly
some of the commoner species were neglected, and probably some
of the rarest overlooked.

This collection has, however, been supplemented by two collec-
tions made by myself around Millwood in previous years, and by
one made by Mr. T. S. Brandegee in the same region some time
ago. All the plants from General Grant Park were collected by
Mr. Brandegee. There are also a few, and some of the most in-
teresting, which were collected by Miss Catherine E. Wilson and
others of a party that visited the Bubbs Creek region in 1897.

This is the first attempt to make a Flora of the Southern Sierra
Nevada, and it is necessarily incomplete; but this will perhaps be
an incentive to more thorough work, and it is hoped that the
members of the Sierra Club will be able to increase the number
of species considerably during the coming trip.

Accuracy, simplicity, completeness and brevity have been the
constant thought in aiming to compile a Flora that would suit

2 Preface.

both those who know a great deal about plants as well as those
whose knowledge is limited to the merest rudiments. In order to
save space descriptions of families and genera have been omitted,
their place being supplied by brief keys whenever it has seemed
necessary.

A more descriptive and popular article might have been made,
but it would have been very unsatisfactory and, scientifically con-
sidered, worthless.

It is earnestly hoped that those who wish to find out the rela-
tionships of the beautiful and interesting plants which they will
see along the trails and through the forests will be helped by this
Flora. The author is always ready to be of service to those who
may wish help, and any plants that cannot be determined are
especially desired for examination, not only to correct mistakes
but to make the issuance of a supplement possible at some future
time, adding to the species herein to be found.

A Flora of the South Fork of
Kings River.

By ALICE EASTWOOD.

EQUISETACE/E. Horse-Taii. Famii^y.
Equisetum robustum A. Br. Giant Horse-Tail. This is
the tall rush commonly known by the above name. It grows
to a height of several feet and the stems are almost half an inch
in diameter. All the horse-tails are easily distinguished by the
character of having the stems jointed, each joint fitting into the
one just below. The spores are borne in a spike at the top of the
stems. This species was seen only along Kings River.

OPHIOQLOSSACE/B. Grape-Fern Famii,y.
Botrychium simplex Hitchcock. Grape-Fern. This little
fern, so small as to be almost invisible, consists of two parts.
The sterile frond is a single lobed leaf, ovate-cordate in outline ;
the fertile frond is simple or branched, and bears tiny globular
sacs which are full of spores. This is very rare, and was seen
only near Bubbs Dome, growing near the edge of the water.

FILICES. Fern Famii^y.

Pellsea Breweri Eaton. Rock-Fern. (Fig. i.) Densely
tufted and woolly at base. Stems dry and brittle, brown, glossy,
numerous. Frond simply pinnate, with the lower divisions con-
sisting of two ovate, pointed lobes extending almost to the base,
the upper ones narrower and entire.

This is very common around Bullfrog and East I/akes.

Fig. I.

Pellaea Bridgesii Hook. Rock-Fern. (Fig. 2.) Tufted at
base with the dry, brown, shining stems of former leaves. Fronds

4 Sierra Club Publications.

bluish-green, simply pinnate ; the divisions orbicular or ovate,
entire but with the margins wavy. This was seen on the trail to
Bullfrog Lake and at Millwood not far from the hotel.

Fig. 2.

Pellaea densa Hook. Rock-Fern. (Fig. 3 ) Stems brown,
shining. Frond triangular, much dissected, with the ultimate
divisions linear and pointed.

This was seen on the hill rising from the forks of Bubbs Creek
not far from the falls.

Fig. 3-

Pellaea ornithopus Hook. Tea-Fern. (Fig. 4.) Fronds
stiff, dark green, with brown stems, twice pinnate ; the lowest
smallest divisions occurring in threes like the foot of a bird-
This fern is tufted at base, and woolly with dark brown hairs.

It was collected in Kings River Canon.

Flora of South Fork of Ki?igs River.

Fig- 4-

Pellaea andromedsfolia Fee. Cofpee-Fern. This is also to
be looked for, though it was not seen by the author. This fern is
broad, ovate in outline, twice to four times pinnate. The ulti-
mate divisions are small, often opposite, oval, bluish-green.
The stems are generally brown but sometimes reddish.

Cryptogramme acrostichoides R. Br. Parsley-Fern.
(Fig. 5.) In this fern the fertile and sterile fronds are separate.
Sterile fronds with green stems, ovate in outline, twice to thrice
pinnate with the ultimate divisions oblong, finely crenate or
lobed ; fertile fronds with narrow, linear divisions.

This is a common fern, growing in rocky places. It was col-
lected at East Lake.

Steril
Frond

Fig- 5.

Athyrium cyclosorum strictum Gilbert. (Fig. 6.) Lady-
Fern. This grows along streams, sometimes even in the beds of
streams on clumps of soil. It is 1-2 feet high. The fronds are

6 Sierra Club Publications.

bipinnate, lanceolate in general outline, entirely smooth ; the
ultimate divisions are linear-oblong, minutely crenate.

Bubbs Creek, East Lake, General Grant Grove, under the
sequoias along the streams.

Dryopteris rigida arguta Underw. Shield-Fern. (Fig. 7.)
Stems scaly at base, fronds a foot or two long, bipinnate ; divi-
sions confluent, oblong, acute, serrate, the apex tipped with a fine,
slender, short bristle. Millwood and Bubbs Creek.

Fig.

Cystopteris fragilis Bernh. Britti.e-Fern. (Fig. 8.)
Delicate ferns with creeping rootstocks. Fronds lanceolate,
thin, smooth, bipinnate ; ultimate divisions decurrent ovate or
oblong, toothed or incised. This was collected along Bubbs Creek.

Fig. 8.

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 7

Woodsia scopulina Eaton. (Fig. 9.) This forms dense
clumps, the stems of the old leaves persist, scaly at base. Fronds
from a few inches to a foot long, bipinnate with somewhat dis-
tant leaflets ; ultimate divisions oblong, crenate. This is common
around Bullfrog Lake.

Fig. 9.

The maiden hair ferns are to be looked for. There are three
species. Adiantum pedatum, or Five-Finger Fern, with the
fronds round, fan-shaped, 2-forked, each fork bearing several
branches. Adiantutn emarginatum Hook is bipinnate, ultimate
divisions semi-circular or kidney-shaped, the upper margin lobed
and sharply toothed. Adiantutn Capillus-Veneris L. This is
somewhat similar to the preceding in the outline of the fronds ;
the divisions are wedge-shaped at base, palmately lobed or incised.

Cheilanthes gracillima Eaton. Scaly-Fern. Is to be
sought in rocky places. It is a small fern with linear-oblong
fronds, bipinnate, scaly ; ultimate divisions crowded, very small,
bead-like, smooth on the upper surface except in young fronds,
clothed with brown, matted wool on the lower surface.

Cheilanthes amoena, A. Eaton, the Lace-Fern of the Southern
Sierra, may also be found in the region. The frond is broadly
ovate in outline, much dissected, the smallest divisions very
small. The stems are slender, shining, brown. The roots slen-
der, fibrous.

8 Sierra Club Publications.

KEY TO THE SEED PLANTS.

OVULES NOT ENCLOSED IN AN OVARY.

Trees or shrubs, usually with needle-shaped or scale-like evergreen
leaves Pine Family

OVULES IN AN OVARY.

FLOWERS ON PLAN OF 3; LEAVES USUALLY PAR-
ALLEL-VEINED.

Ovary free from the perianth ; stamens 6 . . Lily Family
Ovary attached to the perianth and below it.

Stamens 3 Iris Family

Stamen i Orchid Family

FLOWERS GENERALLY ON PLAN OF 4 OR 5;
LEAVES GENERALLY NKTTED-VEINED.

WITH BUT ONE SET OF FLORAL ENVELOPES OR NONE.

Flowers in catkins. Trees or shrubs.

Dioecious ; i flower to each scale of the catkin ; fruit a many-
seeded pod, each seed furnished with a tuft of cotton.
Willow Family

Monoecious; staminate catkins drooping; pistillate erect, cone-
like, with I or 2 flowers under each stiff, shield-shaped scale.
Alder Family

Monoecious ; staminate flowers only in catkins ; fruit a nut in a
cup or burr, or a leaf-like cylindrical sheath.
Oak Family

Dioecious; sterile flowers with stamens 4-parted, stamens 4; pis-
tillate flowers with calyx 2-lobed or wanting, ovary i-celled,
2-ovuied ; fruit a berry. . . Silk-Tassel Bush Family

Flowers not in Catkins.

OVARY SUPERIOR.

i-celled, forming a 3-sided or lens-shaped akene, stamens 9,

perianth of 6 divisions usually colored like a corolla.

Buckwheat Family

I-celled, with 2-4 ovules from the top of a central placenta, form-
ing a berry-like fruit containing i seed ; leaves alternate.
Sandalwood Family

WITH BOTH CALYX AND COROLLA, THE LATTER OF DISTINCT
PETALS.

STAMENS ON THE RECEPTACLE, BELOW THE SUPERIOR
OVARY.

Stafuens numerous.

Separate, the other floral organs also distinct ; petals sometimes
wanting ; flowers with the sepals 3-6, often irregular.
Buttercup Family

Flora of South Fork of Kiyigs River. 9

United by the filaments to form a tube around the styles, and at"
tached to the bases of the petals ; anthers i-celled, kidney-shaped.

Mallow Family

United into 3-5 bunches ; sepals and petals 5 ; leaves opposite,

generally with transparent dots. St, John's- Wort Family

Stamens 10 or less.

10, rarely fewer; petals 5 (sometimes wanting); pod splitting into
twice as many valves as styles. , . . Pink Family

10 or 5, sepals and petals 5 ; carpels 5 on a spike-like axis, distinct
at base but cohering near the top and separating from the axis
at the base first ; i-seeded. . . . Geranium Family

10 or 5, equal to or double the number of petals ; herbs with
fleshy leaves Stonecrop Family

6 (4 long and 2 short), petals and sepals 4 (petals sometimes
wanting) ; fruit 2-celled with a papery partition, or sometimes
i-celled and not opening ; herbs with pungent juice.
Cress Family

5, united over the pistil ; petals 5, one of them with a spur.
Violet Family

i-many, sepals 2, petals 5 ; ovary i-celled generally, with shining
black seeds ; plants with fleshy leaves and showy flowers that
open only in bright sunshine. . . Portulaca Family

OVARY SUPERIOR OR NEARLY SO.

Stamens distinctly on the calyx or on a disk simulating a
calyx.

Numerous ; ovary simple or compound, free from or partly
united to the disk ; leaves alternate. . . Rose Family

Variable in number (5, 10, 20), pods 2-5, completely or partially
united to the calyx ; styles distinct. . Saxifrage Family

10, distinct or united by the filaments; flowers papilionaceous;
fruit a legume Pea Family

Stamens on a disk not simulating a calyx tube.

On the inner margin of the disk as many as the petals and oppo-
site them (petals sometimes wanting) ; style or stigma 2-4
lobed ; fruit a berry or dry pod with 2-4 hard seeds.
California Lilac P''amily

Usually 8 ; fruit of 2 parts, each winged. . Maple Family

OVARY DISTINCTLY INFERIOR.

Stamens on the calyx.

4-8, sepals and petals 4 ; ovary 4-celled.

Evening Primrose Family

Numerous, petals and sepals 5 ; leaves adhesive with barbed hairs.

Blazing Star Family

Stamens on the ovary.

stamens, sepals and petals 5 (the last very small) ; styles 2 ; fruit
a pair of seed-like carpels; flowers small, in umbels; leaves
alternate Parsley Family

lo Sierra Club Publications.

stamens, sepals and petals 4 ; fruit a i-seeded berry ; flowers in
cymes or heads, in the latter case with conspicuous involucre;
leaves simple, opposite. . . . Dogwood Family "

WITH BOTH CALYX AND COROLLA, THE LATTER WITH THE
PETALS UNITED.

OVARY SUPERIOR.

Corolla regular.

Ovary deeply 4-lobed, in fruit forming 4 nutlets ; herbage gener-
ally rough and hairy ; inflorescence coiled in bud.
Borage Family

Ovary 2-celled, ovules numerous ; fruit a pod or berry.

Tobacco Family

Ovary 2-celled (generally 4-ovuled), generally twining plants.
Morning Glory Family

Ovary i-celled or imperfectly 2-celled, styles 2-cleft or entire ; in-
florescence generally coiled in bud {not so in Nemophila).

Baby- Eyes Family

Ovary 3-celled with the seeds on the axis, style 3-lobed.

Phlox Family

Ovary i-celled with the seeds on the sides, style i, stigmas 2.

Gentian Family

Ovary cells as many as petals, style i, anthers 2-celled, opening

by holes at the top Manzanita Family

Ovary i-celled with the seeds in the center, stamens opposite the

petals Primrose Family

Ovaries 2, distinct, with a stigma common to both and united
with a crown-like column of stamens ; flowers in umbels ; seeds
with a tuft of silky hairs ; plants with milky juice.

Milkweed Family

Similar to the above except that the stamens are distinct and free
from the stigma , but the anthers are disposed to cohere with it.
Dogbane Family

Corolla irregular.

Fertile stamens fewer than the divisions of the corolla. Ovary
deeply 4-lobed, becoming 4 nutlets ; corolla 2-lipped; aromatic
herbs or shrubs with opposite leaves. . . Mint Family

Ovary 2-celled, with many seeds in the central axis, style and
stigma I Figwort Family

Ovary 2-celled with many seeds on the walls ; root parasites
without any green color. . . . Broom-Rape Family

OVARY INFERIOR.

Ovary with as many cells as petals, anthers 2-celled opening by
holes at the top ; fruit a berry. . Huckleberry Family

Ovary 2-5-celled (sometimes becoming i-celled) ; fruit a berry ;
leaves opposite without stipules. . Honeysuckle Family

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. i r

Ovary 2-5-celled ; leaves whorled without stipules, or opposite
with stipules Madder Family

Ovary 2-celled with the seeds on the central axis, or i-celled with
the seeds on the walls ; stamens united by both filaments and
anthers Lobelia Family

Ovary i-celled, becoming an akene, stamens united by their an-
thers ; flowers many, combined in heads and appearing like a
single flower Sun- Flower Famil}'

CONIFER/E.

Juniperus [occidentalis?]. Juniper, Cedar. Low-spreading
trees, irregularly branching, with shreddy bark and aromatic
wood. Leaves triangular, scale-like, folding over each other.
Fruit a blue-black berry containing stony seeds and covered with
a purplish bloom like a damson plum. On the trail from Kings
River up Bubbs Creek on the side hill.

Libocedrus decurrens Torr. Incense Cedar. This be-
comes a large tree with reddish bark and trunk broadening at
base like a sequoia. The branches are horizontally flattened and
the leaves scale-like, decurrent in four rows. Fruit a tiny cone,
of 4-6 scales in pairs, the two largest only bearing seeds. Seeds
with unequal wings. This is abundant in the region where the
sequoias are found.

Sequoia gigantea Decn. Big Tree, Giant Sequoia. This
magnificent tree needs no description. It is found in great per-
fection in the country around Millwood. The leaves are scale-
shaped with long-pointed tips. The cones are about 2 inches
long and take two seasons to ripen the seeds.

Abies concolor Lindl. White Fir. Large trees with the
old bark rough, gray and furrowed, becoming reddish near the
base. Leaves pale green, apparently in two ranks, spreading ex-
cept on the upper branches, obtuse. Cones erect on the top
branches, the scales falling from the axis, which remains like a
candle on a Christmas tree. Cones 3-5 inches long, green or
purple when ripe. The common fir in the region of the sequoias.

Abies magnifica Shastensis Lemmon. Red Fir, Shasta
Fir. The bark of this fir is a beautiful red brown, except on the
upper branches. The leaves are close and erect and pointed.
Cones 6-9 inches long, each scale covered with a bract. This
grows at the upper elevations. It was noted around East Lake,
at the Forks of Bubbs Creek, and at Summit Meadow.

12 Sierra Club Publications.

Tsuga Mertensiana Carr. Hemlock Spruce. Only a few
small trees of this species were found which grew at the ford
across Bubbs Creek. Trunk sloping at base, stem tapering to a
very slender pendent apex. Leaves small, flat, with short peti-
oles joined to a hard, woody, persistent base. Cones small,
numerous, pendent, purple, long and slender.

Pinus Lambertlana Dougl. Sugar Pine. Leaves 5 in a
sheath, 3-4 in. long. Cones long, narrow, cylindrical, from a
foot to more than 2 feet long when fully grown, pendent at the
ends of the branches the second year, without knobs or prickles.
This becomes a tall and large tree with upper branches widely
spreading and with the outlines irregular and picturesque. This
is common in the region of the sequoias and through the entire
region except at the upper elevations.

Pinus monticola Dougl. Small Sugar Pine. This is
smaller than the preceding, with shorter leaves, 5 in a sheath.
The cones are 3-8 in. long, without knobs or prickles, and reflexed
when the seeds are discharged. This has been reported from the
region, but was not collected by the author.

Pinus Balfouriana Jeffrey. Balfour's Pine. Leaves 5 in
a sheath, 1-2 in. long, stifi", curved. Cones pendent, almost
orbicular, with thick scales each with a short prickle which soon
disappears. This is the commonest pine at upper elevations,
abundant around East Lake and Bullfrog Lake.

Pinus albicaulis Engelm. White Pine. This is a twisted,
shrubby pine at timber line, and reaches a higher altitude than
any other tree. The leaves are short, 5 in a sheath. The almost
orbicular cones are at the ends of the main branches without
knobs or prickles on the scales. It receives its name from the
color of the bark. This pine is also found below timber line at
the upper part of Bubbs Creek, around Bullfrog and East Lakes.

Pinus ponderosa Dougl. Yellow Pine. Leaves 3 in a
sheath, 5-11 in. long, rather thick. Cones ovate, 3-5 in. long,
sessile, generally several together. Scales with stout prickles.
The bark of this tree is yellow-brown, arranged in plates.

The variety Jeffrey! Engelm. has larger cones, larger and
coarser leaves, and is found at higher elevations than the preced-
ing. The bark is much darker, and hence it is often called Black
Pine. It is common along Bubbs Creek.

Pinus Murrayana Balfour. Lodge-pole Pine, Hemlock
Pine. Leaves 2 in a sheath, short and rather thick. Cones
small and slender, 1-3 in. long, whorled, oblique ; scales with

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 13

strong knobs and delicate prickles. This is a tall, straight,
slender tree often found circling the mountain meadows. It was
noted at East Lake, along Bubbs Creek and around the meadows
at the higher altitudes on the trail to the canon.

Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frem. Nut Pine. Leaves soli-
tary, pale green, spine-tipped, cylindrical. Cones almost round,
and with but very few knobby scales. The large seeds form a
valuable part of the food of the Indians of Nevada, where the
species is common. It is a low, spreading tree, irregularly
branched. This was seen only in Kings River Canon and on the
hill which ascends from where Kings River joins Bubbs Creek.

QRAMINE/E. Grass Famii^y.
These grasses were determined by F. L. Scribner, who was at
the time Chief of the Division of Agrostology, Department of
Agriculture, Washington, D. C. I merely append the list, as the
grasses are too difficult for all except specialists.

Agropyrum caninum L. Bubbs Creek.

Agrostis exarata Trin. Bubbs Creek.

Clymus glaucus Buckl. var. Bubbs Creek.

Festuca microstachya ref lexa. Bearskin Meadow.

Hordeum murinum L. Bearskin Meadow.

Melica stricta Bolander. Bubbs Creek.

Phleum alpinum L. Bullfrog Lake.

Sitanion glabrum J. Q. Smith. Kings River Canon.

Sporobolus depauperatus Torr. Bubbs Creek.

Stipa occidentalis Thurb. Bubbs Creek.

Trisetum canescens Buckl. Bubbs Creek.

This is not by any means a complete list of the grasses which
grow in the region, only a list of those that I collected.

LILIACE/E. Lily Family.
Allium bisceptrum Watson. Wild Onion. Plants with the
odor and taste of onion, bulb having the outer coat marked with
a fine veining. Stems a few inches to more than half a foot high,
with 2 sheathing leaves near the base and terminated by an um-
bel of reddish-purple flowers. Involucre consisting of 2 papery
bracts, pointed at apex, united at base. Divisions of the small
perianth ovate, pointed. Millwood and General Grant Park.

14 Sierra Club Publications.

Allium validum Watson. Swamp Onion. This has not
been collected along these trails, but is to be looked for in the
meadows. It is tall and large, often several feet high. The stem
is 2-edged, the flowers pink in a close umbel with the involucre
consisting of 2-4 thin bracts united at base. Divisions of the
perianth narrow, linear or lanceolate.

Brodisea grandiflora Smith. Cluster Lilies. Flowers
purplish, erect funnel-form with the segments recurvdng, in um-
bels, subtended by several lanceolate, pointed bracts, much
shorter than the unequal pedicels ; these jointed to the perianth,
1-4 inches long. Flowers i~i}4 inches long, thick in texture;
stamens 3, alternating with 3 white staminodia in the throat of
the perianth. Bubbs Creek trail in dry places.

CalliprorascabraQreene. Golden Stars. Leaves 2, linear,
as long as the stem. Flowers yellow, star-like, in 2-10-flowered
umbels on pedicels 1-3 in. long. Divisions of the perianth veined
with a darker line. Stamens 6, with the filaments attached to the
throat of the perianth winged their entire length, 3-forked at top
and with the anther on the middle prong. Capsule on a short
stem. Common in many places under the pines and one of the
loveliest flowers along the trails.

Lilium pardalinum Kellogg. Stems tall. Leaves lanceolate,
pointed, whorled. Flowers few to many on erect pedicels which
recurve at apex so that the flowers are pendent. Perianth 2 in.
or more long, orange, spotted with purple, reddish within, the
segments revolute. Stamens and style extending beyond the
perianth, conspicuous. This has been found only at Millwood.

Lilium pardalinum parvif lorum. This is similar but smaller
in all its parts. It is the common lily of the swampy places in
Kings River Canon, extending along the river. It also grows at
Millwood and Converse Basin.

Fritillaria. This species is in bloom very early and only the
seed pods will be found in July. It is probably an undescribed
species, having greenish-white flowers with but little beauty. It
grows at Converse Basin and Millwood.

Yucca Whipple! Torr. Spanish Bayonet. This species is
common on the new trail, according to Mr. Pierson Durbrow,
The flowering stem is tall and stout, white, surmounted by a large
panicle of thick flowers the divisions of which spread star-like
when in full bloom. The plant gets its name from the dagger-
shaped leaves at base.

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 15

Calochortus venustus Dougl. Butterfly Tulip, Mari-
posa. There are two varieties of this variable species. One is
purple-flowered, the other white-flowered with a reddish-purple
spot above the gland. The sepals in both forms are ovate, linear-
attenuate. The flowers are tulip- shaped, petals fan-shaped,
stamens oblong, obtuse. Around Converse Basin and Millwood.

Calochortus Leichtlinii Hook. Mariposa. Slender, with
erect, tulip-shaped flowers ; petals dull white, with a dark spot at
base. The anthers are arrow-shaped. Common under the pines
in many places.

Zygadenus venenosus Watson. Poison Zygadene. Stems
slender, about a foot high, with a few grass-like leaves at base and
on the stem. Flowers small, white, in a terminal raceme on
slender pedicels. Segments of the perianth rounded or slightly
cordate at base, the gland above rather indistinct along the top.
The bulb is said to be poisonous. In wet places along Bubbs
Creek.

Tofieldia occidentalis Watson. Leaves grass-like, clustered
at base, scape glandular a foot or two high, at the top of which
the small white flowers are crowded in a capitate spike. The
flowers are very small, star-like, with dark purple anthers conspic-
uous and protruding. Along Bubbs Creek, not common.

Veratrum Californicum Durand. False Hellebore.
Stems stout, several feet high, densely clothed with large, ribbed-
veiny, sheathing leaves. Flowers in a large terminal panicle,
whitish, greenish at base. This is common in wet places and
generally forms patches that can be distinguished some distance
away.

IRIDACE/E. Iris Family.

Iris Missouriensis Nutt. var., or perhaps new species.
Swamp Iris, Blue Flag. Stems stout, a foot or two high.
Leaves almost as long, ^ i^- wide, pale green, erect, pointed,
clothing the stem only at base. Flowers large, violet, with the
tube of the perianth very short above the ovary. Pedicels gener-
ally 3-4 in. long, enclosed partly in the dilated papery sheaths.
Flowers 2-3. Leaves often an inch wide. Pods 3-sided, ribbed,
2 in. or more long. Near Converse Basin.

Iris Hartwegi Benth. Mountain Iris. Stem slender, very
leafy, forming clumps. Leaves spreading or erect, very pointed,
y^ in. wide. Flowers 2, on slender pedicels enclosed by papery
sheaths. Tube of perianth half as long as the ovary. Flowers
blue, violet or whitish, with slender divisions and large anthers.
Converse Basin and Millwood.

1 6 Sierra Club Publications.

Sisyrinchium HImeri Greene. Golden-eyed Grass. Stems
slender, leafy, less than a foot high. Flowers small, yellow.
When the plant is pressed it leaves a purple stain on the paper.
Bubbs Creek, at the ford.

Sisyrinchium occidentale Bicknell. Blue-eyed Grass.
This grows under the sequoias near Big Boulder Creek, where the
grove of young trees is to be found. It has winged seeds. In
this genus the divisions of the perianth spread like a star, the
ovary is inferior and globular, the stamens 3 united by their
anthers, the leaves grass-like and the stems winged. The flowers
are on slender pedicels springing from an enwrapping spathe.

ORCHIDE/E. Orchid Family,

Goody era Menziesii Lindl. Rattlesnake Plantain.
Leaves all from the root, ovate, on broad, short petioles, marked
with white blotches resembling the skin of a rattlesnake.
Flowers inconspicuous in a spike terminating the stem, about a
foot tall. Converse Basin, under the trees.

Habenaria Unafaschensis Watson. Root bulbous, stem
slender. Leaves mostly near the base, linear. Flowers minute,
greenish-white, scattered, 2-ranked. Some specimens have almost
all the leaves radical, while others have the stems quite leafy.
The plants also diflfer much in size. To one of the petals is
attached a slender pointed spur. Bubbs Creek and Converse
Basin, under the trees.

Habenaria leucostachys Watson. Fragrant Habenaria.
Roots fleshy, often clustered. Stems stout, with large leaves
reaching to the flowers. Spike generally densely flowered with
white, fragrant flowers varying in size. Spur of the petal straight
or curved, longer than the ovary. Wet Meadows, from Millwood
to Bubbs Creek.

CUPULIFER/E. Oak Family.

Quercus Californica Cooper. Black Oak. This is the
common oak of the pine regions. It has large, glossy, green,
lobed leaves, each lobe ending in a prickle.

Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Golden-cup Oak, Post Oak.
This has narrow leaves, entire or spiny-toothed, smooth on the
upper surface, pale gray on the lower; that of young leaves
clothed below with a golden powder. This is a large tree grow-
ing along the beds of streams below the pine belt. In Kings
River Canon it is also found on the hillsides and is a compact,
small tree.

Flora of Soidh Fork of Kings River. 17

Quercus Brewer! Engelm. Brewer's Oak. Shrub with
broad leaves deeply cut into lobes which are obtuse or again
lobed. Acorns sessile or on short stems, cups shallow. Near
Millwood.

Quercus Douglasii Hook. & Arn., the Blue Oak ; Q. lobata

Nee, the Valley Oak; and Q. Wislizeni A. DC, the Live
Oak, are common below the pines.

Corylus Californica Rose. Hazel Nut. Shrub with broad,
ovate to orbicular leaves, the margins doubly serrate. The nuts
are enclosed in a leafy sheath. Millwood.

Castanopsis sempervirens Dudley. Chinquapin. Leaves
oblong to obovate, dark green on the upper surface, covered with
golden powder on the lower, apex generally obtuse. Nuts en-
closed in brown burrs. Common throughout the region, forming
thickets.

SALICACE/C. Willow Family.

Salix lasiandra Candata Sudw. Bark on younger stems brown
and glossy. Leaves lanceolate, narrowed at tip to a slender point,
bright green on the upper surface, paler on the lower, minutely
serrulate. Stipules semi-cordate. Catkins on leafy peduncles.
This form a small tree along the banks of Kings River and Bubbs
Creek. Early in July the remains of the female catkins may still
be found.

Salix fluviatilis Nutt. (S. longifolia fluhl.) Shrub with
slender stems, leaves narrow, linear to lanceolate, narrowed to a
slender point, almost sessile, minutelj' serrulate. Catkins small,
generally clustered near the ends of leafy branchlets. The young
foliage is clothed with white hairs, the older parts become
smoother. This is still in bloom in July in Kings River Canon.

Salix lasiolepis Benth. Shrub with dark brown bark, to-
mentose on the new shoots. Leaves lanceolate to oblanceolate,
2-4 in. long, 1-2 in. wide, smooth on the upper surface, silky-
tomentose on the lower, entire or irregularly serrate ; stipules
broad, dentate. The catkins come out before the leaves and are
sessile along the branches. Millwood, Bubbs Creek.

Salix Nuttallii Sargent. (S. flavescens Nutt.) Shrub
with brown bark. Leaves obovate or oblanceolate, downy be-
neath, smooth above (except the young leaves), entire or serru-
late, acute or obtuse. The catkins come out before the leaves
and are short and recurved. The odor of the twigs when freshly
broken is strong and disagreeable. Millwood.

1 8 Sierra Club Publications.

Salix Sitchensis angustifolia Bebb. Shrub with dull brown
bark. Leaves oblanceolate, becoming smooth above, clothed
with a lustrous wool on the lower surface. Catkins coming out
with the leaves, long and narrowly cylindrical. Capsules on the
female catkin white- woolly. Peduncles short, with 2-3 leaves at
base. Bubbs Creek, in flower.

Salix Lemmoni Bebb. Shrub with brown, glossy bark.
Leaves and young twigs downy, becoming smooth. Leaves
oblanceolate, 1-2 in. long, not more than half inch wide, dis-
tantly serrulate, paler on the lower surface than the upper. Cat-
kins short, almost sessile, with a few leaves on the short ped-
uncles. Millwood, in May, with the female catkins almost gone.
This was identified by Bebb.

Salix Covillei Eastwood. Shrub a few feet high, older stems
brown, younger ones clothed with a glaucous bloom that is easily
rubbed off. Leaves oblong to oblanceolate, without stipules on
the flowering branches. Upper surface silky-pubescent becoming
smooth, lower clothed with silvery silky hairs, densely appressed.
Catkins appearing before the leaves, sessile, scattered, short.
Female catkins with the bracts and capsules clothed with white
hairs. Bubbs Creek, near the foot-bridge above the ford.

Salix glauca villosa Anders. Shrub with spreading
branches and glossy, brown bark. Leaves oblanceolate, pointed,
softly villous when young, becoming smooth and rigid when old.
Catkins on short leafy peduncles, short, erect, with tomentose
ovaries, long styles and 2 distinct stigmas. This is the common
willow of timber line and below in the meadows at the upper
altitudes. East Lake and Bullfrog Lake. It is in bloom in July.

Salix petrophila Ryd. This willow is only a few inches
in height. It forms mats on the ground, and the little
catkins peep out from amid the matted stems and small leaves.
The ovaries are tomentose, the stigmas bifid. It was collected in
the amphitheatre below Harrisons Pass ; in full bloom early in
July.

Populus trichocarpa Torr. «& Gray. Balsam Cotton-
wood. Tree with thick, cracked bark. Leaves ovate to oblong-
lanceolate, cordate, acuminate, lower surface lighter in color than
the upper, often viscid with balsam. Bubbs Creek and Kings
River Caiion.

Populus Fremonti Watson. Broad-Lbaved Cotton-
wood. This is seen in the foot-hills along streams and in the
valleys below. The leaves are broad, triangular, with a broad
sinus at base. It is a large tree with spreading branches.

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 19

Populus tretnuloides Michx. Quaking Aspen. Tree with
straight stems, smooth, pale-gray bark. Leaves ovate, orbicular,
quivering in the slightest breeze. At the upper elevations, Bubbs
Creek, also a few trees near Converse Basin.

BETULACE>E. Alder Famii^y.

AInus tenuifolia Nutt. Alder. A small tree with red-
brown bark, growing along streams. Leaves oblong to elliptical,
doubly serrate. This is the only alder and is found along Bubbs
Creek and Kings River.

Betula occidentalis Hook. Birch. Small tree with dark
brown, dotted bark. Leaves orbicular to broadly ovate, paler on
the lower surface, truncate at base, sharply dentate, on short
petioles, somewhat resinous. Catkins almost sessile, an inch
long, appearing with the leaves. The catkins of the birch differ
from those of the alder in having the scales fall from the axis
when the seeds are ripe. The catkins of the alder form dark
brown cones, which persist on the trees long after the seeds have
been discharged. Kings River and Bubbs Creek.

POLYGON ACE/C. Buckwheat Family,

KEV TO XHH GCKERA.

FLOWERS WITHOUT INVOLUCRES.

Sepals 4, stigmas 2, tufted ; akenes winged.

Oxyria, Mountain Sorrel.

Sepals 6, unequal, the inner appressed to the triangular akene.

Stigmas 3, tufted Rumex, Dock.

Sepals 4-6, equal, appressed to the triangular or lens-shaped

akene ; stigmas capitate. . Polygonum, Joint- Weed.

FLOWERS WITH INVOLUCRES.

Involucres several-flowered, akenes 3-sided.

Eriogonum, Wild Buckwheat.

Involucres i-flowered (rarely with 2 or 3), akenes lens-shaped.

Oxytheca.

Oxyria digyna L. Perennial herbs. Leaves round, kidney-
shaped, about an inch wide, mostly from the root on very slender
petioles. Flowers perfect, small, reddish, in panicles terminat-
ing leafless stems. Perianth with 2 erect divisions, 2 spreading,
all separate. Stamens 6, stigmas 2, sessile with a tuft of hairs at
the end of each. Akene broadly winged. Above timber line,
amid the rocks on Harrisons Pass.

20 Sierra Club Publications.

Rumex Qeyeri Trelease. Mountain Dock. Perennial, with
smooth^stems, dioecious. L,eaves lanceolate, less than half an
inch^wide, %f inch long, on short petioles with papery sheaths at
base. Flowers small, reddish, in terminal panicles, the branches
from papery sheaths. Perianth of 6 parts which become larger
in fruit, cordate-ovate. Pedicels thread-like, very short, jointed
at base. At the upper altitudes.

Polygonum Parryi Qreene. A low annual a few inches high,
branching/chiefly from the base. Leaves linear, pointed, short,
crowded. Flowers minute, sessile in all the axils, even the low-
est. Millwood, trail to East Lake.

Polygonum Watsoni Small. Tiny annuals an inch or so
high, branching or simple. Leaves linear, pointed, crowded at
the ends of the branchlets, with thickened margins and promi-
nent midveins, sheathed at base by long papery bracts. Flowers
sessile in the axils, generally solitar}', deep rose color at tip.
Lower leaves much longer than the floral leaves. East Lake
trail.

Polygonum minimum Watson. Low and slender, i-6 inches
high, with rough, reddish stems. Leaves ovate or oblong, very
small, acute or pointed. Flowers in all the axils very small, erect
on slender exserted pedicels, often rose-color. Stamens 5-8.
Akenes^smooth and shining, longer than the perianth. Trail to
East Lake.

Polygonum exile Eastwood. Annual with very slender
stems and a few erect branches, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves linear, less
than an inch long, with the sheaths fringed. Flowers very small,
erect in the leaf axils on very short pedicels or sessile. Kings
River Canon.

Polygonum bistortoides Pursh. Pussy Tails. Perennial
with woody"roots. Stems simple, with few leaves ; these linear-
lanceolate, sessile by a cordate base, midrib thick ; radical leaves
on long petioles, broader than the stem-leaves. Flowers in dense
spikes at the ends of the stems, small, white. Perianth 5-cleft,
stamens^S. This is common in all the higher meadows and is one
of the most conspicuous plants.

Eriogonum nudum Dougl. Perennial with stout woody root.
Leaves all radical, oblong, on long petioles, densely white tomen-
tose on the lower surface, smooth on the upper ; stems generally
branching, naked, the involucres in the axils of the branches or
terminating the^^branchlets, involucres ribbed, flowers very small
on hair-like pedicels. Kings River Canon, Bubbs Creek.

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 21

There is another form of this or an undescribed species on Har-
risons Pass. The stems are leafless, terminated by a capitate
cluster. The leaves are quite small and the stem branches at the
base.

Eriogonum virgatum Benth. Annual, the whole plant white
tomentose. Leaves all radical, oblong to orbicular, narrowed to
the petiole, with fluted wavy margins. Stems single or several
from the base, slender, branching with wand-like branches. In-
volucres sessile along the stems and closely appressed. Flowers
very small, tapering at base on hair-like pedicels. Millwood and
Bubbs Creek.

Eriogonum saxatile Watson. Perennial, tufted at base from
a woody rootstock. Stems many, the leafy ones short with the
leaves closely clustered, densely white-tomentose throughout.
I/eaves obovate, acute, tapering to a short petiole. Flowering
stems branching always 2-forked, the lower bracts leafy but short ;
upper ones, true bracts. Flowers white, veined with pink, taper-
ing to an attenuated base, pendent from the involucres. Involu-
cres tomentose, sessile and appressed to the stem. The branches
of the panicle are spreading.

Oxytheca Inermis Watson. Oxytheca differs from Eriogo-
num in having the involucres few-flowered. They are diff"usely
branching annuals, with slender stems which are glandular on the
internodes. This species has the bracts 3, united at base, unequal
foliaceous, glandular. The minute involucres are on short pedi-
cels, the flowers are minute. Converse Basin.

Oxytheca spergulina Qreene. Annual with the stems always
branching with 2 forks, very slender, the leaves at the forks nar-
rowly linear, becoming smaller towards the ends. Involucres
very minute, containing 1-2 minutfe flowers on hair-like pedi-
cels, thrice as long as the flowers. This covers the ground in
places like a filmy lace veil. It was collected near Horse Corral
Meadow.

CARYOPHYLLACE/C. Pink Family.

KEY XO THE GEPKERA.

Sepals united into a 5 toothed calyx, styles 3. , Silene Pink.
Sepals separate, stigmas 5, petals 2-lobed.

Stellaria, Chickweed.

Sepals separate, petals entire or notched, styles 3.

Arenaria, Sandwort.

Sepals separate, petals entire or wanting, styles as many as

sepals (4-5) Sagina, Pearlwort.

22 Sierra Club Publicatioyis.

Silene Californica Durand. Cawfornia. Pink. Stems from
creeping rootstocks, low, glandular. Leaves opposite, obovate or
rhomboid. Flower an inch or more in diameter on pedicels that
are deflexed in fruit. Petals 5, bright scarlet, the blades cut into
2 divisions which are generally toothed. Millwood, in shady
places. A beautiful and conspicuous plant when in bloom.

Silene Watsoni Robinson. Perennial, matted at base ; stems
many, slender, 2-10 in. high. Leaves linear, 1-2 in. long, united
and clasping at base, lower ones pubescent, upper glandular.
Flowers solitary at the ends of the branchlets. Calyx tubular,
membranous, between the greenish-purple ribs, becoming inflated,
glandular ; divisions short, obtuse, with broad, membranous mar-
gins. Petals but little longer than the calyx, white or rose-color,
the blades bifid, each segment usually with a tooth on the side ;
appendages in the throat obtuse. Above timber line in the amphi-
theatre above East Lake and on the trail to University Peak, col-
lected only by Miss Catherine E. Wilson

Silene Lemmoni Watson. Matted at base from a tap-root.
Leaves on radical shoots, crowded, obovate to spatulate, acute,
tapering to short margined petioles, clothed with a rough,
somewhat hoary pubescence ; stem leaves narrowed, dimin-
ishing upwards. Stems slender, weak, paniculately branching,
glandular, hairy, a foot or so high. Flowers at first pendent,
on pedicels that bend about the middle, later becoming erect,
almost half an inch long. Calyx membranous, veined with
green, becoming inflated, very glandular, hairy, with rounded,
membranously-margined divisions. Petals white, blades divided
into 4 thread-like segments ; appendages in the throat linear.
Stamens and styles long, exserted. Millwood and Converse Basin.

Silene Menziesii Hook. Perennial, stems man}', weak and
slender, clothed with a fine, glandular pubescence. Leaves
obovate, shortly pointed at apex, tapering at base, shortly petio-
late or sessile, thin, bright green. Flowers axillary in the upper
axils on long, slender pedicels ; calyx becoming urn-shaped, % in.
long, narrowly-membranous on the margins, of the short, trian-
gular acute teeth. Petals white, with 2-cleft blades, longer than
the calyx ; styles about as long. Bubbs Creek.

There are some other forms of Silene^ of which not sufficient
material was collected for satisfactory determination.

Stellaria longipes Goldie. Perennial, with many slender
stems from running roots, slender, erect, about 6 in. high,
cymosely panicled above. Leaves liuear-lanceolate, pointed,
sessil*;, crowded at the base, shining on the lower surface, ^ in.

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 23

long. Flowers on long, slender pedicels, with or without a pair
of bracts, small, star-like. Sepals ovate with white, membranous
margins. Corolla white, a little more than X i^- ^^ diameter,
petals longer than the sepals. Capsule surpassing the calyx,
acute, dark and shining. Bubbs Creek.

Stellaria borealis Bigelow. Perennial, with weak, slender
stems from creeping roots, smooth throughout. Leaves lanceo-
late pointed, sessile, an inch long. Flowers small on slender
scattered pedicels, longer than the subtending leaves, deflexed in
fruit. Calyx ]/% in. long, sepals lanceolate pointed, with white,
membranous margins. Petals much shorter than the calyx, or
none. Capsule acute, longer than the calyx, with the dark col-
ored seeds showing through the thin walls. General Grant Grove.

Stellaria Jamesii Torr. Perennial, with angled, weak, gland-
ular stems. Leaves lanceolate, long-pointed, sessile, viscid, 1-2
in. long. Flowers loosely panicled, with leafy peduncles. Calyx
with oblong-linear sepals y% in. long. Petals much surpassing
the sepals, white, divided only X~/^ ^^ ^^7 ^^ ^^^ base. East
Lake, collected only by Miss Catherine E. Wilson.

Arenaria macrophylla Hook. Perennial, with low, decum-
bent, angled stems from slender, running rootstocks ; pubescence
powdery. Leaves rather crowded, lanceolate, pointed, 1-2 in.
long. Flowers in flowered cymes on axillary or terminal pedun-
cles shorter than the leaves. Sepals ovate-lanceolate with sharp,
recurving points ; white-membranous margins longer than the
white petals. Stamens exserted. Seeds with a light-colored,
spongy appendage. Millwood.

Arenaria Nuttallii Pax. Stems matted from a tap root, low,
glandular, densely clothed with rigid, pointed, awl-shaped leaves,
which are Y^ in. long, generally with spreading tips Flowers in
close, spreading, terminal cymes, on pedicels shorter than the
bracts. Sepals ovate, narrowed to very slender, long, recurving
points, reddish at tip, less than X i^- long- Petals and capsules
much shorter. Kearsarge Pass.

Arenaria Douglasii Torr. & Gray. Annual, with spreading,
slender stems much branched. Leaves thread-like, an inch or
less long, with pubescence slightly glandular. Flowers on slen-
der, erect peduncles from all except the lowest axils. Calyx with
ovate, membranously-margined sepals, ^ in. long. Corolla
white with obovate petals almost twice as long. Capsule round,
with margined seeds. Millwood.

24 Sierra Club Publications.

Sagina Linnaei Presl. Densely matted from fibrous roots.
Stems 1-2 in. high, leafy and floriferous, thread-like and weak.
Leaves linear, mucronate, less than % in. long, smooth. Flow-
ers very small, nodding from the top of slender peduncles.
Sepals elliptical, with narrow, white, membranous margins.
Petals white, much shorter. Capsules splitting into 5 parts,
almost twice as long as the calyx. East Lake.

SANTALACE/E. Sandai^wood Famii,y.

Comandra pallida A. DC. Smooth, perennial, low, branch-
ing herbs with several stems from a woody base. Leaves alter-
nate, oblong, pale green, an inch or less long. Flowers perfect
in axillary or terminal umbel-like cymes without bracts. Calyx
bell-shaped, thick in texture, greenish, pink or purplish. Anthers
2-celled, with a tuft of hairs where the filaments are inserted.
Fruit globose, crowned by the persistent calyx like a rose hip,
the size of a small pea. Millwood and in other places.

PORTULACACE/E. Portulaca Family.

Montia perfoliata Howell. Miners' Lettuce. Root leaves
on long petioles, stem leaves forming a round perfoliate leaf be-
low the flowering stems. Flowers small, white, often growing on
but one side of the stem. There is a great diflference in the plants
that grow in the shade and those that grow in the sun ; the former
are green and large, the latter are red and low, with all the parts
smaller. Millwood, Bubbs Creek.

Montia Chamissonis Greene. Stems erect or procumbent,
propagating by runners that have a round bulblet at tip. Leaves
oblong-spatulate in several pairs. Flowers in racemes, having
bracts only with the lower flowers ; pedicels recurving in fruit.
Petals rose-color, longer than the calyx. This is always found in
wet places. Summit Meadow.

Spraguea umbellata Torr. Pussy-Paws. Stems several,
usually from a thick root. Root leaves oblanceolate or spatu-
late, forming a rosette at the base, stem leaves becoming mere
bracts. Flowers pink, densely clustered in umbellate spikes curl-
ing in at the tips. Sepals thin and papery, petals 4, stamens 3,
style 2-lobed at apex, pod with 2 valves. This is common from
Millwood to Harrisons Pass. The plants at the upper altitudes
are much smaller in every way and more compact than those
lower down.

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 25

LAURACE/E. Laurel Family.

Umbellularia Californica Nutt- California Laurel or
Bay, Spice-wood, This is rare in the region and was seen form-
ing a shrub in the vicinity of Converse Basin, The shrub was
without flowers or fruit, but easily distinguished by the aromatic
foliage,

RANUNCULACEiC Buttercup Family,

KEV TO THE GEPJERA.

Flowers dioecious in panicles; sepals 4-7, greenish ; petals none ;

akenes in a head terminated by long, naked styles.

Thalictrum, Meadow Rue,

Sepals 5 ; petals 3-15, each with a honey gland at base, generally

yellow Ranunculus, Buttercup.

Sepals 5, petal-like, similar; petals 5, each with a long, hollow

spur projecting below the sepals. Aquilegia, Columbine,

Sepals 5, petal-like, the upper one prolonged backwards at the
base into a spur; petals 4, two running into the calyx-spur,
the others partly covering the pistils and stamens.

Delphinium, Larkspur.

Flowers small, white, in a corymb which lengthens into a raceme
and terminates the stem; fruit of red or white berries on
spreading pedicels. . . • . Actsea, Baneberry.

Thalictrum sparsiflorum Turcz. Perennial, tall, 1-3 ft.,
smooth and glaucous, leafy. Leaves twice or thrice-palmately-
compound, with the leaflets on short petioles, roundish and lobed.
On the male plant the stamens form the most conspicuous part of
the flower. East Lake.

Ranunculus alismaefolius alismellus Gray. Stems low and
slender, 6 in. high, weak, smooth, perennial, from creeping root-
stocks. Lower leaves simple, elliptical-lanceolate, on long peti-
oles, upper leaves sessile. Flowers small, X~/^ ^°* ^"^ diameter,
1-2 at the ends of the stems. Akenes rather thick in a globular
"head, tipped with a short style. This grows in the wet meadows.
Collected at Summit Meadow.

Ranunculus oxynotus Gray. Stems low, tufted, smooth, 2-3
in. high ; root-leaves on long petioles, with broad, orbicular,
crenately-lobed blades, an inch or less across ; stem-leaves deeply
3-5-lobed, on short, broad petioles. Flowers solitary at the ends
of the stems, inch or more in diameter. Sepals broad, orbicular,
clothed with long, brown hairs. Petals yellow, orbicular. This
is an Alpine species and was collected by Miss Catherine E. Wil-

26 Sierra Club Publications.

son in the amphitheatre above East Lake. It may be a new
species, as it does not agree in all particulars with typical forms
of the above species.

Ranunculus orthorhynchus platyphylius Gray. Stems
rather stout, a foot or more high, clothed with numerous spread-
ing hairs. Radical leaves on long, broad petioles, compound,
with 3 leaflets, the upper one 3-lobed, lateral deeply toothed or
lobed ; stem leaves similar but with shorter petioles, the upper-
most sessile and simple ; all very hairy. Flowers yellow, half an
inch or more in diameter. Sepals reflexed ; petals oblanceolate
to spatulate. Akenes flat in a globular head, large and tipped
with a straight pointed style as long as the body of the akene.
Bearskin Meadow and in other wet places.

Ranunculus occidentalis Eisenii Gray." Stems stout, a foot
or two high, smooth except at base. Radical leaves on long,
broad, hairy petioles, with 3-lobed blades, the lobes cleft into
uneven divisions, wedge-shaped ; stem leaves with the divisions
more deeply and more sharply cleft. Flowers small on slender
pedicels, % in. in diameter. Sepals reflexed ; petals orbicular ;
akenes flat in a globular head tipped with a short, curved style.
Bearskin Meadow, Millwood.

Aquilegia truncata F. & M. Coi^umbine. Stems stout, a
foot or two high, slightly pubescent and glandular, especially
above. Leaves thrice-palmately-compound, with large, 3-lobed
divisions ; the lower on long petioles, the upper almost sessile.
Flowers in showy panicles terminating long peduncles. Sepals
red ; petals with spurs red, the short blades yellow. Stamens yel-
low, numerous, much exserted. Fruit consisting of 5 erect,
I -celled, slender pods tipped with long styles. Bearskin Meadow,
but common in other places.

Aquilegia pubescens Coville. Stems somewhat tufted at base
and clothed with dead leaf stalks, a foot or more high, glabrous at
base, glandular, pubescent above. Radical leaves on slender,
smooth petioles, simply ternate with 3 leaflets, each 3-parted to
3-divided, the divisions crenately lobed ; stem leaves similar but
on short petioles. Flowers yellow with spreading spurs more
than an inch long, sepals broad, more than half an inch in
length. Collected on the trail to University Peak by Miss Cath-
erine E. Wilson. This species is found only at upper elevations.

Delphinium polycladon Eastwood. Stems two feet or more
tall with many spreading branches, rather slender and weak.
Lower part of plant smooth, upper pubescent. Leaves orbicular

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 27

in outline, mostly near the base, 3-4 in. across with 3-5 broad,
wedge-shaped divisions with short, pointed lobes ; petioles long
and slender. Flowers paniculate on slender pedicels, about % in.
in diameter, bluish-purple ; upper petals white, veined with blue,
the lower with a yellowish, hairy spot at the base of the blade.
The seed pods pubescent, spreading but little, with the walls so
thin that the seeds can be seen through. Near the forks of Bubbs
Creek, growing in a wet place where the brush was dense.

Delphinium pratense Eastwood. Meadow Larkspur.
Root tuberous, near the surface of the ground. Stems slender,
simple or branched from the base, about a foot high, villous with
soft, white, deflexed-spreading hairs, densest near the base.
Lower leaves more than an inch broad, having 3-4 wedge-shaped
divisions each with linear-oblong, mucronate lobes ; petioles
about 2 in. long ; stem leaves with simple, linear divisions or
merely lobed and really bracts. Flowers at first scattered on
long pedicels, later forming a loosely or closely flowered simple
or compound raceme. Flowers purple and white, }i in. across,
with the spur very slender and often 2-toothed at tip. Lower
sepals almost equaling the spur, obovate, acute, the upper
broader and with a conspicuous spot near the apex. Lower
petals bifid and shortly fringed, white, with a purple blotch near
the base of the blade ; upper petals 2-lobed at apex, white, with
the margin wavy. Pods pubescent, slightly spreading. This
grows in the high meadows ; collected at Horse Corral Meadows.
It is desirable to collect good flowering and fruiting specimens of
these larkspurs so as to see the variation in difi"erent places.

Actaea spicata arguta Torr. Leaves large, 1-2 with broad
triangular outline, 3-5 times compound ; the leaflets ovate, irreg-
ularly and unequally cut. Berries as large as peas, red when ripe.
East Lake, in flower.

Anemone occidentalis Watson is to be looked for beneath
melting snow-banks. It has large white or violet flowers nearly
2 in. in diameter, succeeded by dense, globose heads of akenes
tipped with long, feathery styles.

Aconitum Columbianum Nutt, Monkshood, is also to be
looked for in the meadows and other wet places. It has dark
purple or blue flowers, with the upper sepal forming a hood within
which are the only petals. Fruits similar to those of larkspurs.

28 Sierra Club Publications.

CRUCIFER/E. Cress Family.

KEV TO THE GE^JERA.

PODS SHORT, FLOWERS USUALLY VERY SMALL.

Pods roundish, i-seeded, surrounded by a wing.

Thysanocarpus, Lace-pod.

Pods obcordate, 2-celled, flattened contrary to the partition.

Capsella, Shepherd's Purse.

Pods elliptical or lanceolate, 2-celled, flattened parallel to the

partition, seeds not winged. . Draba, Mountain Cress.

PODS ELONGATED, FLOWERS MORE CONSPICUOUS.
Flowers yellow.

Pods somewhat 4-sided, flattened contrary to the partition, lower
leaves compound with the terminal leaflet rounded and larger
than the others. . . . Barbarea, Winter Cress.
Pods terete. Leaves compound.

Sisymbrium, Hedge Mustard.

Flowers white or rose-color.

Pods 2-sided or terete with nerved valves, roots woody, seeds

usually winged Arabis, Rock Cress.

Pods flattened parallel to the partition ; calyx closed, with the

sepals more or less united, purplish.

Streptanthus, Jewel-flowers.

Thysanocarpus curvipes Hook. Annual, simple or much
branched, lower part hirsute. Leaves in a bunch at the base,
dentate ; stem leaves auricled at base, pointed. Flowers in
corymbs, in fruit becoming a long raceme with the pods pendent
on recurved, capillary pedicels. Pods almost orbicular with a
perforated or crenate wing and tipped with a slender style.
Kings River Canon, Millwood, Converse Basin.

Capsella Bursa=pastoris Medic. Leaves in a bunch at base,
with winged petioles, deeply dentate; stem leaves sessile with
arrow-shaped base. Racemes in fruit branched. Pods on spread-
ing, slender pedicels, obcordate, with the base wedge-shaped.
Common along the trails near camping places.

Draba stenoloba Ledeb. Stems many from a tufted, leafy
base, slender, simple or branched, less than a foot high. Leaves
narrowly obovate or oblanceolate, entire or sparingly dentate,
stellate-pubescent ; stem leaves 1-2. Flowers yellow, turning
white or pinkish in fading, in fruit forming a long raceme with
the pods scattered. Pods smooth on slender pedicels, about the
same length, yi in., tipped with a sessile stigma. East Lake.

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 29

Uraba sp. This is another species also found at East Lake,
but collected without the fruit as it was too early in the season.
This has white flowers and pods (immature) clothed with stellate
pubescence. The caudex is branched at base ; leaves in a tuft,
oblanceolate ; those on the stem, 2-3, serrate. This may be a form
oi D. incana L., or is perhaps undescribed.

Draba Breweri Watson. Stems many, from a tap root, tufted
at base, hoary throughout with dense stellate pubescence.
Leaves oblanceolate, narrowed at base ; stem leaves 2-4, sessile,
lanceolate. Racemes densely flowered, petals persistent white ;
sepals stellate-pubescent ; pods often twisted, stellate- pubescent ;
stigma sessile or nearly so. This is found only above timber line.
It is a few inches high. Collected on Kearsarge Pass and Har-
risons Pass.

Draba Lemmoni Watson. Stems only an inch or two high,
densely tufted on the branched caudex from a tap root, forming
mats. Leaves thickish, obovate or oblanceolate, y&-}2 in- long,
ciliate and hispid with stellate hairs. Flowers in corymbs,
lengthening to racemes, terminating slender stems which are
leafless except perhaps at base. This also is found only above
timber line. It was collected on Harrisons Pass and on the trail
to University Peak.

Draba eurycarpa Qray. Low, forming dense mats an inch,
or so high, hoary with dense, stellate pubescence ; very leafy on
the short caudex. Flowers few or solitary on short, thread-like
stems. Sepals purple, edged with white, clothed with white
stellate pubescence. Petals white, with slender claws which are
as long as the sepals. Pods dark red or blackish, oblong-ovate as
long as the stems, % in. or more, smooth, but tipped with a short,
pubescent style. The hoary pubescence of the foliage contrasts
strongly with the dark, smooth, conspicuous pods. Found only
above timber line on Harrisons Pass.

Barbarea sp. This may be a form of B. vulgaris, but the
specimens are too young. Leaves mostly near the base, stems
less than a foot high, smooth. Flowers yellow, corymbose.
Pods an inch long, tipped by the style, somewhat compressed
between the seeds. This grew under a melting snowbank on the
trail to Harrisons Pass.

Sisymbrium incisum Engelm. var. Annual, a foot or two
high, branching, stellate with a rather sparse pubescence ; some-
what glandular on the inflorescence. Leaves compound, the
divisions once or twice lobed with round, obtuse lobes. Flowers

30 Sierra Club Publications.

very small, corymbose, in fruit becoming racemose. Pods terete,
with one row of seeds in each part, about half an inch long, on
spreading pedicels of the same length, sharp, pointed and curved.
This grew at Summit Meadow and at similar places.

Arabis perfoliata Lam. Tower Mustard. Stems solitary,
simple or branching above. Leaves at base hairy, lyrately-
pinnatifid or dentate, petioled ; stems leaves ovate, clasping by
an auricled base, 2-6 in. long, ^-i^ in. wide, smooth and glau-
cous. Flowers white, small ; pods slender, erect, 2-4 in, long.
Converse Basin.

Arabis repanda Watson. Stems stout and branching, very
hairy below. Leaves 1-4 inches long, obovate, toothed or entire.
Flowers small, tinged with purple. Pods spreading, flat, 2-4 in.
long, Yi in. wide, tipped with a style, -i-^ in. wide. The pods
vary in width and in the manner of spreading, usually horizon-
tally and somewhat curved downwards. The seeds are con-
spicuously winged and in two rows. Millwood, Converse Basin,
Bubbs Creek, Summit Meadow.

Arabis platyspertna Gray. Low, branching from the root,
glaucous, smooth. Leaves oblanceolate ; radical petioled ; cauline
sessile, less than an inch long. Flowers few, rose-color. Pods
erect, i-i^ in. long, tipped by a sessile stigma. Only found at
the upper elevations at East Lake and Bullfrog Lake.

Arabis Holboellii Hornem. Biennial, hoary with stellate
pubescence ; stems simple or branched, erect, 2-3 feet high.
Leaves oblanceolate, 1-2 in. long, entire or sparingly toothed,
densely clustered at the base and on the lower part of the stem.
Flowers pendent, white or purplish, small. . Pods pendent on
deflexed pedicels, becoming 3 in. long, is in. wide, tipped with
a sessile stigma. Seeds margined, in one row in each division.
Converse Basin, Bubbs Creek.

Arabis arcuata Gray. Perennial, with many stems from the
root, clothed with a dense, white, stellate pubescence. Leaves in
tufts at the base, linear to linear-oblanceolate, ^-2 in. long,
entire or serrate ; stem leaves clasping by an auricled base.
Flowers purplish. Pods on short pedicels, arching downwards,
becoming 3 in. long. Seeds in 2 rows, narrowly winged. Con-
verse Basin and around Millwood.

Streptanthus gracilis Eastwood. Biennial, with several
slender stems from the root, glaucous and glabrous, a few inches
to a foot high. Radical leaves orbicular to narrowly oblong,
toothed, those at base on slender petioles as long as the blades,

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 31

together about an inch ; stem leaves ovate to oblong, clasping by
an auricled base }i-\ in. long. Flowers racemose, generally few
on very short pedicels. Calyx purplish, urn-shaped, the sepals
united to above the middle with the divisions about half as long,
oblong, obtuse. Petals pink or rose-color, the oblong or obovate
sinnate blades as long as the calyx, the broad, margined claws
exserted. Pods linear, erect, tipped with a sessile stigma. This
pretty \\\.\X^ Jewel-flower grows in the upper elevations ; collected
on the trail from East Lake to Harrisons Pass, but not above
timber line ; also on the trail to Bullfrog Lake.

MALVACE/E. Mai.i.ow Family.

Sidalcea reptans Qreene. Stems slender, several from a
woody root, often rooting at the joints, the leaves chiefly from the
base, on long, hairy petioles, the blade inch or more long, orbic-
ular, the sinus almost closed, the margin 5-lobed, the lobes with
rounded, broad, obtuse or mucronate teeth. Flowers in a race-
mose spike, Stella te-tomentose. Calyx with triangular, long-
pointed segments. Corolla deep rose-color ; petals obcordate, an
inch or less long, densely ciliate on the claws. Carpels closely
honeycombed, the beak turned to the axis, inconspicuous. This
is common in the mountain meadows at rather high elevations.
It has been collected at Bearskin Meadow, Converse Basin, Gen-
eral Grant Park, Millwood.

Sidalcea glaucescens Qreene. Stems many, from a perennial
root, slender, erect, branching slightly, pale green with a close,
rather sparse stellate-pubescence, 1-2 ft. high. Lower leaves on
long petioles ; blades little more than an inch in diameter, orbicu-
lar, 5-7-lobed, with the lobes crenate across the truncate top ; stem
leaves on shorter petioles, the upper ones with narrow, much
deeper divisions, often entire. Raceme with few distant flowers ;
bracts narrowly linear. Calyx with triangular, pointed lobes
much longer than the short top-shaped tube, spreading in fruit.
Corolla rose-color, ^ in. long ; petals wedge-shaped, denticulate
along the top. Carpels swollen, strongly veined, the meshes
longer than wide, not beaked. This grows in shady places and
was collected under the trees at Converse Basin.

Fremontia Californica Torr. This is known as Slippery Elm
because of the character of the bark. It is common below Mill-
wood, and in June is a glorious sight. The branches are decked
with beautiful golden flowers each as large as a dollar.

32 Sierra Chib Publications.

HYPERICACE/E. St. John's-wort Famii^y.

Hypericum Scouleri Hook. St. John's-wort. Erect, with
simple steins from running root-stocks. Leaves oblong, obtuse,
opposite, clasping, an inch or less long. Flowers almost an inch
in diameter, in panicled cymes, yellow. Stamens in several sets ;
styles more or less united with capitate stigmas. Pod splitting at
the partitions into 3 valves. This grows in wet places. Collected
at Summit Meadow.

Hypericum anagalloides Ch. & Schl. Stems low, forming
mats, smooth, slender, leafy. Leaves elliptical, y^ in. long, pale
green, sessile, opposite. Flowers yellow, small, % in. in diame-
ter, either cymose or solitary at the top of the stems. This grows
in the wet meadows, and may be a variety of the above species.
It scarcely agrees with var. Nevadense Greetie.

VIOLACE/E. Violet Family.

Viola blanda Willd. White Violet. Stems low from creep-
ing root-stocks, smooth. Leaves orbicular, kidney-shaped, from
less than an inch to a little more in diameter ; petioles generally
very long and slender, in some plants 6 in. Flowering stems
radical, long and slender, about as long as the petioles. Flowers
white, fragrant, the lower petals veined with purple. In wet
places, varying much in size. Collected at General Grant Park
and Millwood.

Viola lobata Benth. Stems branching from the base, 6 in. or
more high, pubescent throughout. Leaves various, from cordate
crenate to palmately deeply-lobed, and much broader than long ;
petioles on lower leaves 2-3 in. long, upper much shortei- than the
blades. Flowers axillary, yellow, rather large. Seed pods Yz in.
long. In the shade of the conifers in the redwood forest of Con-
verse Basin ; also at Millwood.

Viola prjemorsa Dougl. var. Stems several, from the peren-
nial tap-root, spreading, hoary with a close, rough, white pubes-
cence, 3-5 in. high, leafy. Leaves ovate, wedge-shaped or some-
what cordate at base, about Yz in. long ; petioles the same length
or longer, margin sinuate-toothed. Flowers axillary, yellow, on
peduncles as long as the petioles. Calyx with linear, pointed
sepals. Ovary slightly pubescent, globular. Bubbs Creek, on the
trail.

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 33

QERANIACE/E. Geranium Family.

Qeraniutn incisum Nutt. Perennial, with branching, leafy
stems; pubescence hairy and glandular. Flowers large, i inch
across, on long pedicels that are spreading or somewhat reflexed
in fruit. Petals purple, woolly on the inner surface. Stamens
with woolly filaments. Fruit with the beak glandular. Con-
verse Basin, General Grant Park, Millwood.

Geranium Richardsonii Fisch. & Mey. This is like the
preceding, but less pubescent and glandular. The stems are
taller and weaker, the flowers smaller and always white, though
the petals may be veined with pink. This grows in wet places
and was collected at Bearskin Meadow.

ACERACE/E. Maple Family.

Acer glabrum Torr. Mountain Maple. Shrubby, a few
feet high, smooth throughout. Leaves palmately 3-lobed almost
to the base, the middle lobe largest, irregularly toothed, an inch
or more in diameter, turning red in the fall and often infested
with small, red galls. Fruit smooth, the wings not spreading.
Bubbs Creek ; rare.

The Buckeye, jEesculus Calif arnica Nutt., is common below
Millwood.

RHAMNACEi^. California Lilac Family.

Rhamnus crocea ilicifolia Greene. Red-berried Rham-
NUS. Much branched shrub with smooth, oblong or round,
veiny, spiny-toothed leaves an inch or less long. The flowers are
minute and the sessile berries are bright scarlet, 2-seeded, as large
as small currants. Bubbs Creek.

Rhamnus Californica Esch. Coffee-berry, Cascara Sa-
GRADA. Shrub with elliptical leaves on short petioles, acute at
each end, finely pubescent on both sides but densest on the veins
below and the petioles. Flowers small, greenish, in axillary,
few-flowered cymes. Fruit when ripe a black-purple berry con-
taining 2-3 seeds. Bubbs Creek.

Ceanothus parvifolius Trelease. Blue blossoms. Low
shrub, with alternate leaves, 3-nerved, smooth, elliptical,
less than an inch long. Flowers blue, in simple racemes on long
peduncles and with the pedicels long and thread-like (almost
yi inch). Pods smooth, without crests. Converse Basin.

34 Sierra Club Publications.

Ceanothus integerrimus H. & A. California White
LitAC. Tall shrub with erect stems ; leaves alternate, 3-nerved,
elliptical, 1-2 in. long, slightly pubescent. Flowers white, in
panicles on peduncles almost half as long, which persist. Fruit
smooth, without crests. This is common in Kings River Canon.
There was also a form collected with lower, stouter stems ; pan-
icles much shorter and more condensed ; leaves broader.

Ceanothus cordulatus Kellogg. Snow Bush. Low spread-
ing shrub, forming the chaparral in many places along the trails.
Branches becoming spines an inch or more long, grayish brown.
Leaves alternate ovate, 3-nerved, pubescent, entire or serrulate,
about X ill- long. Flowers white, in small clusters. Fruit
slightly lobed and crested. Bubbs Creek, East Lake.

CRASSULACE>E. Stonecrop Family.

Sedum stenopetaium Pursh. Stonecrop. Perennial, from
running rootstocks, low, 3-5 in. high. Leaves fleshy, narrow,
broadest at base, X i^^- long- Flowers yellow, in branching
cymes, almost sessile. This is a bright little plant full of star-like
blossoms, often growing in patches. Forks of Bubbs Creek.

Sedum roseuni Scop. Stems erect from a fleshy root, erect,
simple, from a few inches to a foot high. Leaves ovate to oblong,
dentate, fleshy, rather thickly clothing the stem, ^-i in. long.
Flowers dark red in a head tern:inating the stem, small. Stamens
with small round anthers on slender filaments surpassing the
petals. This grows at or above timber line. Collected on Kear-
sarge Pass and Harrisons Pass. The anthers are purple or yellow.

SAXIFRAQACE/E. Saxifrage Family.

KHY TO THE GENERA.

HERBS, LEAVES ALTERNATE, FRUIT CAPSULAR.

Ovary 2-celled, seeds in the center, stamens 10, petals 5, calyx

free from the ovary or united only at base.

Saxifraga, Saxifrage.

Ovary i-celled, with seeds on the sides. Stamens 10, petals cleft

or lobed, conspicuous. . . . Tellima, Wood Star.
Stamens 5, petals pinnatifid with thread-like divisions, capsule

depressed Mitella, Fringe Flower.

Stamens 5, petals entire, small ; capsule 2-beaked, half inferior.

Heuchera, Alum-root.

SHRUBS ; LEAVES ALTERNATE, SIMPLE ; FRUIT A BERRY.

Ribes, Currant, Gooseberry.

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 35

Saxifraga integrifolia Sierrae Coville. Meadow Saxi-
frage. Perennial, from a woody root, simple, erect, 1-2 ft.
high, leafless except at the root, glandular-hairy, rather stout,
hollow. Leaves 2-6 in. long, i-i^ in. wide, oblong, elliptical to
obovate, obtuse or acute at apex, narrowed at base, serrate or en-
tire. Flowers in capitate clusters at the ends of slender peduncles
which vary from the lowest, 2 in., to the almost sessile, upper-
most ones ; bracts and bractlets lanceolate. Flowers small ;
sepals triangular, obtuse, reflexed ; petals white, spatulate ;
stamens with dilated filaments ; capsule bladdery-dilated, reddish,
with the stigmas divergent. This is abundant in the mountain
meadows and in other wet places. Summit Meadow, General
Grant Park.

Saxifraga nivalis L. Alpine Saxifrage. Perennial. Leaves
clustered at the base of the slender 2-3-in. high flowering stems,
smooth throughout. Leaves oblanceolate, obtuse, yi in. or more
long, denticulate with callous teeth. Flowers small, in heads
terminating the green or purplish stems. Sepals erect, obtuse.
Petals white, oblanceolate ; stamens on broad filaments, stigmas
strongly divergent. This little plant grows only above timber
line, and was collected on Harrisons Pass.

Tellima scabrella Qreene var. Stems slender, erect, usually
with one branch or simple, rough pubescent and somewhat
glandular, i-ij^ ft. high. Root leaves on long petioles, usually
with a bulblet in the axil when the plant is old ; blades 3-5-lobed,
kidney-shaped, crenate, about an inch in diameter ; petioles 2-3
in. long ; stem leaves similar with the petioles shorter. Flowers
racemous on very short pedicels, distant. Caljrx; bell-shaped, ob-
tuse at base, cohering but slightly to the capsule. Petals with the
claws exserted ; blade entire or 3-cleft, the middle lobe much
larger than the lateral. Styles and stigmas 3, very short. This
diff"ers from the typical form in having the petals lobed instead of
entire. General Grant Grove, Millwood, Converse Basin.

Mitella Breweri Gray. Perennial, from fibrous roots. Leaves
all radical, round, kidney-shaped, almost 2 in. in diameter, on
petioles twice as long as the blade ; margin doubly crenate ;
smooth except for a few long brown hairs on the upper part of the
petioles. Flowers small, greenish, in racemes at the ends of the
slender, leafless stems which are longer than the leaves ; pedicels
short. Calyx star-shaped ; petals pinnately fringed, the corolla
almost X ill- in diameter. Common at East Lake.

Heuchera micrantha Dougl. Perennial, from thick, woody
stems, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves radical on long, hairy petioles, 2-6

36 Sierra Club Publications.

in. ; blades ovate-orbicular, crenately-lobed, the lobes crenately-
dentate, deeply cordate at base, 2 in. wide, 2^ in. long. Flower-
ing stem with 1-2 bracts, paniculate, the peduncles and pedicels
slender, finely glandular. Flowers very small ; caljrx wedge-
shaped at base. Petals white, linear, narrow, exserted beyond
the sepals, with the stamens and the pointed ovary tipped with
the hair-like styles. Millwood.

Heuchera, new species, near H. ruhescens Torr. Perennial,
from a woody, thick rootstock, tufted at base with a branched
caudex, very leafy and clothed with the brown bases of former
leaves. Leaves ovate-orbicular, cordate or truncate at base,
crenately-lobed and conspicuously ciliate, about % in. in diame-
ter, smooth. Flowers in narrow panicles terminating the leafless
stems ; inflorescence glandular, puberulent. Calyx urn-shaped,
with the base wedge-shaped, hairy and glandular. Petals white,
narrowly-linear, exserted with the stamens and style. Bubbs
Creek, at upper elevations.

Ribes amictum Greene. Prickly Gooseberry. Shrub
with widely spreading branches, spines under the axils stout,
three, except on the younger branches, ^ in. long. Leaves small,
less than an inch in diameter, 3-5-lobed, smooth, or clothed with
fine, close pubescence. Peduncles 1-2 flowered ; bracts small,
clasping, at first enclosing the flower. Calyx dark crimson, half
an inch long, with hoary tube and reflexed lobes in flower. Petals
white, involute. Stamens with filaments slightly exserted ;
anthers mucronate, rose-color. Berry densely clothed with stout
prickles, which together with the surface of the skin are clothed
with fine, curly hairs. This is used for making jelly by the people
in the mountains. Bubbs Creek, Millwood.

Ribes lasianthum Greene. Low, spreading shrub with tortu-
ous branches, very spiny, with generally 3 spines at the axils ;
bark shreddy. Leaves small, less than Y^ in., almost glabrous,
but with the petioles glandular-puberulent, orbicular, 3-5-lobed.
Flowers 1-3 in short-stemmed clusters, yellow. Calyx hairy with
the tube longer than the lobes, petals spatulate, longer than the
stamens; filaments broad, anthers obtuse, cordate. Fruit not
known. This was seen only on Harrisons Pass near timber line.
The material is too poor for certainty regarding the species, and it
is very desirable to have specimens with fruit collected.

Ribes lacustre molle Gray. Gooseberry. Low and intric-
ately branched, with 3 stout spines at each fascicle and some scat-
tered prickles ; old bark shreddy ; glandular, hairy- pubescent
throughout. Leaves deeply 3-parted, the upper lobe much larger.

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 37

the lower 2-cleft, all irregularly toothed. Flowers in racemes.
Calyx saucer-shaped, parted almost to the base, pinkish, hairy.
Petals and stamens very small and short. Ovary clothed with
glandular, purple hairs. This is between a gooseberry and a cur-
rant, but is considered the former chiefly on account of the
prickly stems.

Ribes cereum Dougl. Red Currant. Much branched, with
short, stout branches, 1-3 ft. high, without spines or prickles,
glandular. Leaves 3-5 cleft, irregularly and sharply toothed,
truncate or cordate at base. Flowers in corymbs on peduncles as
long as the petioles, 3-9-flowered ; bracts enfolding the ovary,
pedicels very short. Cal)^! tubular, white but tinged with pink or
green, glandular, y% in. long, the lobes short. Petals orbicular,
small. Fruit red, translucent, glandular, sweet but not agreeable.
Bubbs Creek.

Ribes ascendens Eastwood. Wild Currant. Erect shrub
3-4 ft. high, slightly glandular, without spines or prickles. Leaves
3-lobed with the lobes doubly toothed, petioles hairy at base
equaling or exceeding the blades, which are 1-2 in. across.
Peduncles erect in flower, curving downwards in age, longer than
the leaves and naked to the short spicate racemes ; bracts conspic-
uous, longer than the pedicels. Calyx rose-color, campanulate,
persisting on the berry. Petals and stamens small. Fruit a
glandular berry turning purplish in ripening, the pedicels up-
wardly curving on the pendent racemes. Millwood, General
Grant Grove.

ROSACE/C. Rose Family.
ke;v to xhe gekera.

TREES OR SHRUBS.

§ Stipules free Jrom the petioles.

Shrubs with white flowers ; iruit a stone fruit (a iieshy outer
coat enclosing a nut) Cerasus, Cherry.

Shrub with white flowers ; fruit like a berry with 5 cells, each.
containing i seed. . Amelanchier, Service Berry.

§ Stipules united to the base of the petiole (sometimes
wanting); calyx 5 lobed, without bractlets.

Shrubs with small white flowers in panicles ; pistils 5, distinct,
forming small pods. . Holodiscus, Meadowsweet.

Shrubs or woody vines; petals 5, conspicuous ; pistils numerous
on a conical receptacle, each becoming a small stone-fruit.
Rubus, Raspberry.

38 Sierra Chib Publications.

Low, aromatic shrubs, with leaves finely, pinnately dissected;
pistil oce, becoming a large akene; flowers white, half inch
across, in cymes. . Chamsebatia, Mountain Misery.

Tall shrubs with simple leaves ; flowers solitary, small, greenish,
with calyx only ; pistil solitary, in fruit terminating in a long,
feathery style. Cercocarpus, Mountain Mahogany.

Shrub with compound leaves ; petals rose-color, conspicuous ;
pistils many, in fruit forming bony seeds, which are enclosed
in a red, fleshy receptacle when ripe. Rosa, Wild Rose.

HERBS.

Stipules united to the base of the petioles ; calyx ^-lobed,
with bractlets alternating with the lobes.

Pistils numerous on a dry receptacle ; style either bent in the
middle or feathery ; petals purplish or yellow, conspicuous.
Geum, Avens.

Pistils very numerous on a red, fleshy receptacle ; petals white ;
leaves compound, with 3 leaflets. Fragaria, Strawberry.

Pistils numerous on a dry receptacle ; leaves pinnately com-
pound ; calyx saucer-shaped ; petals generally yellow.
Potentilla, Cinque foil.

Pistils numerous on a dry receptacle ; calyx bell-shaped ; petals
white or yellow, with claws ; leaves pinnately compound, with
the upper leaflets more or less running together. Horkelia.

Pistils 5-10, on a dry receptacle ; stamens only 5 ; petals very
small, greenish-yellow; leaves compound, with three ^toothed
leaflets Sibbaldia.

Cerasus emarginata Dougl. var. Leaves finely and sparsely
pubescent, oblanceolate to elliptical, 1-2 in. long, yz-% in. wide,
crenate, obtuse, narrowed at base, with two glands at the base of
the blade, margin slightly revolute, crenulate, each crenature
tipped with a small, glandular bristle. Corymbs few-flowered,
much shorter than the leaves. Cherry dark red, bitter and astrin-
gent, about y% in. in diameter. This is common in many places
along the trails and forms part of the brush or chaparral.

Amelatichier alnifolia Nutt. var. Leaves oblong to orbicu-
lar, about an inch long, pale green, clothed with fine, silky hairs,
dentate from below the middle with spine-tipped teeth ; petioles
much shorter than the blade, white, woolly. Flowers white, in
racemes (in fruit the lower pedicels lengthen) ; fruit purplish or
black when ripe, as large as a green pea, surmounted by the per-
sistent triangular calyx lobes. Millwood ; Bubbs Creek, near its
junction with Kings River.

Holodiscus dumosa Nutt. Low, straggling shrub ; leaves
small, wedge-shaped, toothed along the top, % in. long, silky-

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 39

woolly. Flowers white, ^ in. in diameter, in close panicles or
even in simple racemes; fruit densely hairy. On rocky hills at
the forks of Bubbs Creek.

Cercocarpus parvifolius Nutt. Leaves oblanceolate to obo-
vate, wedge-shaped, at base tapering to a short petiole, feather-
veined, crenate-dentate from about the middle, green and smooth
on the upper surface, pale gray-green on the lower ; calyx tube
long and slender, the border thickly set with stamens ; tail of the
akene an inch or more long. Converse Basin, Millwood, and
other places along the trails.

Rubus parviflorus Nutt. Leaves broad, orbicular, 3-5 lobed,
3-6 in. broad, doubly crenate-dentate and mucronate, clothed
with fine, silky hairs, glandular on the petioles. Flowers cymose,
few in a cluster, lyi in. in diameter; sepals tipped with long
points ; petals white, obovate ; fruit inverted-saucer-shaped, red,
pleasant to the taste. Bubbs Creek.

Rubus leucodermis Dougl. Black Raspberry. Stems
very prickly, covered with a glaucous bloom. Leaves compound,
with 3-5 leaflets, the top one the largest, green on the upper sur-
face, white on the lower, doubly dentate. Flowers white ; fruit
glaucous-black, sweet. Converse Basin.

Chamaebatia foliolosa Benth. Low shrub, with widely
spreading branches, forming mats under the pines, aromatic,
with resinous glands ; petals white, 5, obovate, yi in. long ;
leaves obovate-oblong in outline, pinnately much dissected, with
the ultimate segments minute and crowded. This is commonly
known as tar- weed, as it leaves a viscid gum on the clothes of
those who walk through patches of it.

Rosa spithamea Watson. Wood-Rose. Low bush growing
under the pines, slender, with few straight prickles ; leaves with
5-7 leaflets on very short petioles ; stipules glandular-ciliate ;
leaflets obovate-orbicular, dentate, the teeth glandular-ciliate ;
flowers an inch in diameter ; caljrx lobes long-pointed and with
small, leaf-like tips, somewhat glandular-ciliate near the top ;
fruit globular, as large as peas. Millwood, Converse Basin, and
other places under the pines.

Rosa gratissima Greene. Stems very prickly, erect, branch-
ing, 2-3 feet high. Leaves bright green, thin, glandular ; leaflets
obovate to elliptical, about an inch long, serrate-dentate, not
glandular along the edge nor on the stipules ; flowers clustered
at the ends of short branchlets, more than an inch in diameter ;
sepals cottony- tomentose, long-pointed, with short, foliaceous

40

Sierra Club Picblications .

tips. Fruit not seen. This grows in wet places on the trail up
Bubbs Creek. It is readily distinguished from the other species
by the much more prickly, taller, more branched stems as well
as greater number of flowers.

Geutn macrophyllum Willd. Stems 1-3 feet high, hairy ;
leaves with the largest division at the top. Corolla yellow,
with broad lobes, longer than the sepals ; receptacle smooth ;
styles bent near the middle, the upper part falling, leaving the
lower part hooked. Kings River Canon, Millwood.

Fragaria sibbaldit'olia Rydberg. Leaves very hairy on the
lower surface, sparingly so on the upper, the middle leaflet largest,
broadly obovate, coarsely toothed, runners long and slender.
Stems short, with few flowers. Bubbs Creek.

Potentilla flabellifolia Hook. Leaves trifoliate on long,
slender petioles ; thin and smooth ; leaflets broadly obovate,
petiolate, deeply toothed ; stipules broad. Stems slender,
sparsely leaved, with small leaves and conspicuous stipules.
Flowers few, yellow, |^ in. in diameter ; petals twice as long as
the sepals, deeply notched ; divisions and bractlets about equal,
lanceolate, acute. This is found in wet places near melting
snowbanks at high altitudes. Collected at Bullfrog Lake.

Potentilla Nuttallii Lehm. Stems tall 2 feet, branching
from the woody base and with a compound paniculate inflores-
cence. Leaves palmately-compound ; the lowest ones on long
petioles, the uppermost almost sessile ; leaflets oblong-obovate,
I in. long, deeply toothed, hoary with appressed, silky hairs;
stipules large, entire or toothed. Flowers half an inch in diam-
eter ; corolla not much surpassing the calyx ; petals obovate ;
calyx with ovate divisions, narrowly pointed, alternating with
bractlets less than half as large. Bubbs Creek, along the trail.

Potentilla lactea Greene. Stems tall, 1-2 feet high, gen-
erally with slender, flowering branches. Leaves pinnately-com-
pound with 5-9 leaflets diminishing downwards, obovate-cuneate,
dentate above the middle, finely hairy, pubescent and slightly
glandular ; stem leaves few, small, almost sessile. Flowers ^ in.
in diameter ; petals yellowish-white, obovate, obtuse, about one-
third longer than the sepals ; these lanceolate, alternating with
narrowly linear bractlets two-thirds as long. Bubbs Creek.

Potentilla reflexa Greene. Stems tall and stout, 1-2 feet
high, branching, clothed with long, glandular hairs. Leaves
pinnately-compound, with 5-9 leaflets ; radical leaves 6-10 in.
long on petioles as long as the blade ; leaflets, except the top,

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 41

unequal-sided, suborbicular, deeply toothed, almost an inch long ;
upper leaves smaller and almost sessile. Inflorescence open and
sparingly branched ; flowers yellow, small, less than half an inch
across ; petals as long as the sepals, broadly ovate, obtuse ;
sepals ovate, with pointed tips, alternating with bractlets much
smaller and not half as long. Millwood, Bubbs Creek.

Potentilla Breweri Watson. Stems several, low, from a
branching caudex, more or less densely clothed throughout with
white, silky hairs. Leaves pinnately-compound, mostly radical ;
those on the stem with the stipules more conspicuous than the
blades ; leaflets 7-13, crowded, palmately-lobed, with linear, acute
divisions, cuneate in general outline. Flowers about Yz in, in
diameter, few, in a terminal cyme ; divisions of the calyx tri-
angular, pointed, the alternating bractlets lanceolate and a little
shorter ; petals yellow, orbicular, surpassing the sepals. Bullfrog
Lake.

Horkelia tridentata Torr. Stems several, from a woody root,
hoary with long, silky white hairs. Leaves pinnately-compound
with 3-9 leaflets ; those at base on long petioles ; those on stem
becoming smaller and almost sessile ; leaflets small, with 3 teeth
at apex ; stipules conspicuous. Flowers very small in crowded
capitate cymes, terminating the stems ; sepals triangular, pointed,
alternating with narrowly-linear bractlets about the same length ;
petals white, lanceolate, scarcely longer. This is common under
the pines. Collected at Millwood and Converse Basin.

Horkelia unguiculata Rydberg. Stems many, from a woody
root, about a foot high, densely clothed with long, silky hairs
throughout. Leaves linear in outline, with numerous, crowded
leaflets which are divided into linear segments to the very base.
Flowers crowded in capitate cymes at the ends of the stems ;
divisions of the calyx and bractlets narrowly-triangular, long-
pointed, almost the same length, minutely serrulate ; petals white,
with broad, obovate-orbicular blade, truncate along the apex, sur-
passing the calyx. Millwood.

Horkelia pygmaea Rydberg. Low, with a much branched
caudex, from a woody root. Leaves almost all radical, linear in
outline, 1-2 in. long, narrow, with the leaflets crowded, elliptical-
obovate, tipped with a flne bristle, glandular, very small, ib in.
long or less. Flowers yellow in cymes terminating the stems, a
little more than X in. in diameter ; sepals as long as the petals,
the bractlets linear, double ; petals obovate, obtuse. This is com-
mon near East Lake and in similar situations at the same altitude.

42 Sierra Club Publications.

Sibbaldia procumbens L. Low and densely matted, not an
inch in height, clothed sparingly with long, appressed hairs ;
leaflets % in. long ; flowers a little more than ^ in. in diameter.
Harrisons Pass.

LEQUMINOS/E. Pea Family.

KCV XO the: GCPfERA.

Leaves palmately -compound with more than 3 leaflets ; flowers
in racemes, often whorled. . . . L,upinus, Lupine.

Leaves trifoliate; flowers in heads. . Trifolium, Clover.

Leaves pinnately-compound with 2 to many leaflets ; flowers soli-
tary or in umbels LotUS.

Leaves pinnately-compound, ending in tendrils ; stigma forming
a hairy ball Vicia, Vetch.

Leaves pinnately-compound, with or without tendrils ; style
hairy down the inner side. . . Lathyrus, Wild Pea.

Lupinus. Calyx generally 2-lipped. Corolla with broad
standard and wings united above enclosing the incurved, pointed
keel. Stamens in two sets ; one set in the bud has long anthers,
the others have shorter filaments and are tipped with globular
anthers. As the flower develops the ball-tipped filaments grow
longer and push the pollen up to the top of the keel, from
which the pistil projects. The leaflets are usually narrow,
and fold at mid-day. The flowers are generally blue, but white
and yellow flowered species exist, as well as some dull in color
and one combining yellow and rose-color. The species are diffi-
cult and are all uncertain. They have been sent to Dr. B. L.
Robinson, Gray Herbarium, for determination.

Trifolium tenerum Eastwood. Perennial, from creeping
rootstocks, with stems low, numerous, leafy, forming mats in the
meadows, soft, hairy with fine hairs. Leaflets narrowly ellipti-
cal to oblanceolate, pointed and tipped with a bristle, serrulate
on the margin with bristle-tipped teeth, the conspicuous veins
terminating in the bristles ; petioles short ; heads few-flowered,
1-6, on thread-like peduncles ; involucres smooth, very small, of
2-5 separate, spiny bracts. Calyx open, bell-shaped, veiny,
membranous between the veins ; corolla long and slender ; the
banner with 3 rounded teeth at the truncate apex, and all parts
white except the purple keel. Ovary containing one ovule.
Summit and Bearskin Meadows.

Trifolium multicaule Jones. This is similar to the above,

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 45

but the pubescence is less hairy, the leaflets are broader, from
obovate to oblanceolate, obtuse at apex, spiny, serrulate ; the
wings and standard as well as the keel are tinged with purple.
Summit Meadow.

Trifolium monanthum Gray. Perennial or annual, with
many slender stems branching from the root, smooth throughout,
or with a few scattered hairs, spreading, but only about an inch
high. Leaflets obovate, wedge-shaped at base, % in. long, trun-
cate, notched or obtuse at apex ; petioles long and thread-like.
The heads contain only 1-3 flowers ; involucre with a few linear
bracts ; the flowers are white or tinged with purple. This was
collected at Summit Meadow and on Kearsarge Pass.

Trifolium microcephalum Pursh. Annual, with slender
stems, woolly, 4-6 in. high. Leaves obovate, obtuse or notched
at apex, serrulate ; stipules ovate, pointed. Heads subtended by
a bell-shaped involucre, the teeth broad at base, narrowed to a
long, bristly point, the tube membranous and veiny, woolly-
pubescent. Flowers small ; calyx membranous, the divisions
tipped with long bristles. Bearskin Meadow.

Lotus Americanus Bisch. Annual, generally much branched
with slender stems, soft-woolly throughout. Leaflets generally 3.
on a linear axis. Flowers solitary, salmon-color, axillary on
slender peduncles which are generally longer than the leaves,,
with a single leaflet below the flower. Pods an inch or more
long. A common species ; collected at Millwood, General Grant
Park.

Lotus hirtellus Greene. Annual, branched from the base,
spreading, hoary with short hairs throughout. Leaflets rather
fleshy, unequal in number on the two sides, the axis broad.
Flowers 1-2, on long, stout peduncles, with a trifoliate leaflet be-
low the flower. Flowers small. Pods about an inch long, not
compressed between the seeds, somewhat sickle-shaped. Kings
River Canon, on the hillside trail.

Lotus crassifolius Benth. Stems stout, 2-3 ft. high, branch-
ing and forming clumps, glaucous. Leaves large, with 7-13 ob-
ovate leaflets nearly an inch long, mucronate, narrowed at base
to a short petiolule ; stipules small and membranous at the base
of the short petioles. Flowers yi in. long in umbels terminating
peduncles, with a 1-3 foliate bract near the middle. Calyx tubu-
lar, with 5 short teeth ; corolla greenish-yellow, all the parts
tipped with dark purple. Pods stout, about 3 in. long and }i inch
wide. Kings River Canon and in other places.

44 Sierra Club Publications.

Lotus Torreyi Greene. Stems many, from running rootstocks,
2-3 ft. high, hoary with fine, closely appressed hairs. Leaflets
generally 7, elliptical to oblanceolate, half an inch long, yi in. or
more wide ; axis and petioles slender ; stipules small, membran-
ous, pointed. Flowers in umbels, subtended by 1-3 leaflets
on slender peduncles generally longer than the leaves. Calyx
-with very narrowly pointed divisions and a tubular tube. Corolla
half an inch long, the banner and wings yellow, the keel white.
Bearskin Meadow and in Kings River Caflon.

Lotus Nevadensis Greene. Perennial, from a woody tap-
root ; stems slender, wiry, very numerous, canescent with a close
white pubescence, about a foot high. Leaves with 3-5 small,
oblanceolate to orbicular leaflets X i^i- lo^g. without petioles,
unequal in number on the two sides. Flowers in umbels on
peduncles shorter than the leaves, yellow, X in. long, generally
with a single bract below the umbel. Pods ending in a long,
thread-like point, much curved, in a semicircle, small. Millwood
and Bubbs Creek, under the trees ; quite common and widely dis-
tributed.

Vicia Americana truncata Brewer. Low vine clinging
by means of the branched tendrils at the ends of the
leaves. Leaves with about 12 leaflets on very short petioles ;
stipules cut into sharp points ; leaflets about half an inch long,
truncate across the top, often toothed and always with a bristle
in the middle. Flowers in racemes on slender peduncles much
shorter than the leaves, bluish-purple, Yz-^ in. long. Converse
Basin, Millwood.

Lathyrus sulphureus Brewer. Tall vine climbing by
branched tendrils ; stems angled, smooth. Leaflets 5-9, ovate, i
in. long, tipped with a slender bristle, smooth. Flowers small,
yellow, fading brownish ; pods flat, i^ in- long. Millwood.

The red bud, Cercis occidentalism is conspicuous along the road
to Millwood in June, when it is in full bloom. The crimson pea-
blossoms come out thickly on the branches before the leaves have
developed. The leaves are orbicular, kidney-shaped, bright green
and smooth. The pods are purple. It is one of the most beauti-
ful of the shrubs of California.

Flora of South- Fork of Kings River. 45

ONAQRACE/E. Evening Primrose Family.

KEY TO THE GE:NERA.

k PODS SPLITTING INTO FOUR PARTS WHEN RIPE.

* Seeds furnished with a tuft of wool.

Calyx tube short or wanting. . Epilobium, Willow-herb.

* * Seeds without any wool.

Anthers versatile.

Calyx tube not produced beyond the ovary; capsule 2-celled ;
stamens in 2 sets, one sterile. . . . Gayophytum!
Calyx tube produced beyond the ovary into a linear or funnel-
shaped tube ; anthers uniform.

CEnothera, Evening Primrose.

Anthers attached by the base.

Calyx tube funnel-shaped, the lobes reflexed; petals sessile,

stamens in 2 sets, one shorter.

Godetia, Farewell to Spring.

Calyx tube funnel-shaped, the lobes reflexed ; petals with claws ;

stamens in 2 sets, one often sterile. . . Clarkia.
Calyx tube funnel-shaped, the lobes erect; petals sessile, 2-lobed.

, Boisduvalia

§ k PODS NOT SPLITTING OPEN WHEN RIPE, SEEDS
1-4.

Leaves alternate; parts of the flower in fours ; stamens 8, in 2

sets, one sterile Heterogaura.

Leaves opposite ; parts of the flower in twos ; fruit a 1-2-seeded

burr. . . . Circsea, Enchanter's Nightshade.

Epilobium Watsoni Trelease. Stems stout, 3 feet high, pale
green, with short, closely appressed pubescence of spreading
hairs. Leaves opposite, sessile, lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, serru-
late, with glandular teeth. Flowers rose-color, ^ in. in diameter.
Millwood, in wet places.

Epilobium glaberrimum Barbey. Stems branching from
the base and above, smooth throughout. Leaves narrowly
oblong to lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, sparingly serrulate, glaucous.
Flowers rose-color, % in. long. Pods linear, very slender, 1-3 in.
long, on long, slender peduncles 1-2 in. long, Millwood and
near Big Boulder Creek. This grows in the neighborhood of red-
wood forests.

Epilobium brevistylum Barbey. Stems slender, simple,
from a few inches to a foot high, smooth to the inflorescence.
Leaves oblong to lanceolate, an inch or less long, distant, spar-
ingly serrulate with blunt teeth or entire. Flowers few in the

46 Sierra Club Publications.

upper axils, pink, tb in. long. Pods slender, 1-2 in. long, on
peduncles as long or shorter, slightly glandular. This droops
when it is in bud, but is later erect. East Lake ; a subalpine
species.

EpHobium Homemanni Reichenb. Stems simple or branch-
ing from the base, less than a foot high, leafy, more or less
clothed with white spreading hairs. Leaves thin, ovate-oblong,
obtuse, entire or sparingly serrulate, sessile, an inch or less long,
the largest a little more than an inch wide. Flowers rose-color,
% in. across. Pods slender, i in. long, on peduncles less than
half as long ; minutely glandular. Bubbs Creek.

Epilobium ursinum Parish. Stems simple or branched from
the base, clothed with loose, woolly hairs below, glandular
above, iJl^-2 feet high. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, ^-i in. long,
serrulate with callous teeth. Flowers very small, ts in. long,
white or lavender. Pods about an inch long, tapering to short
peduncles. Raceme disposed to be pendent in bud. Converse
Basin, in a grove of Sequoia near Big Boulder Creek.

Qayophytum diffusum Torr. Annual, branching diffusely
with thread-like branches, smooth except for a sparse, hoary
pubescence on the inflorescence. Leaves linear, 1-2 in. long, be-
coming very small above. Flowers white turning pink, a little
more than % in. in diameter. Pods X i"- or more long on hair-
like pedicels of the same length, the seeds are outlined through
the thin walls of the pod. Bearskin Meadow, Millwood.

Qayophytum eriospermum Coville. Stems 1-2 ft. high,
rather stout, branching difi'usely, smooth except for some fine
white hairs on the buds, pedicels and pods. Leaves linear, the
lowest 3 in. long, petioled. Flowers % in. in diameter, white
turning rose-color. Seed pods similar to the preceding but more
spreading. Millwood.

Qayophytum pumilum Watson. Stem branching, annual, 6
in. or more high, branches erect, smooth. Leaves narrowly
linear-lanceolate, less than an inch long, petioled. Flowers very
small, IS in. in diameter or less. Pods flattened contrary to the
partition, half au inch long, on short peduncles from all the leaf
axils. Growing in wet places at Millwood.

(Enothera hirtella Qreene. Stems branching from the
annual root, white epidermis, shreddy below, viscid and white
hairy. Lowest leaves lanceolate, narrowed to a petiole ; upper
leaves sessile, ovate, with the margins crisped-undulate. Flowers
yellow, very smail, axillary. Pods linear, very narrow, becoming

Flora of South Fork of Kings River, 47

coiled, narrowed slightly at top. This was seen only on the
Bubbs Creek trail on the dry hill-side.

Qodetia pulcherrima Greene. Stems branching from the
annual root and also above, generally diffuse, pale green from a
fine, white, appressed pubescence, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves lanceo-
late, tapering to a short, slender petiole, acute at apex, mostly
entire, about an inch long. Flowers rose-color, 2 in. in diameter ;
the petals notched or sinuate across the top. Pods almost sessile,
beaked at apex, less than an inch long. The buds are pendent
and the tips of the calyx not free. This is a free bloomer, and
most beautiful species. It is common in the vicinity of Millwood.

Clarkia rhomboidea Dougl. Stems diffusely branching, 3^-2
ft. high, from an annual root, pubescent throughout with fine,
close, white hairs. Leaves elliptical, pointed at each end, on
short petioles, >^-2 in. long. Flowers in the upper axils, the
buds pendent. Petals crimson, the blades rhomboidal, about %
in. long. Pods on short, erect peduncles almost hugging the
stem, generally curving inwards, distinctly 4-sided, beaked at
top. Millwood, Bubbs Creek.

Clarkia elegans Dougl. Stems simple or branching, 1-4 ft.
high or sometimes taller, smooth or slightly pubescent. Leaves
ovate to linear, sinuately toothed or entire, pale green. Petals
entire, rhomboidal, crimson, Y^ in. long ; stamens all perfect.
Flowers pendent in bud. Pods sessile, spreading, narrowed
towards the top, slightly glandular. Kings River Canon.

Boisduvalia densiflora Watson. Stems erect, generally
simple, Yz-i ft. high, grayish with dense white pubescence,
closely appressed. Leaves lanceolate, pointed, the lowest taper-
ing to short petioles, the upper sessile, 1-2 in. long, sparingly
denticulate. Flowers small, in capitate spikes that lengthen in
fruit. Pods sessile, almost concealed by the leaves. This is a
variable species which is seldom twice the same. The specimens
from which the description was drawn were collected on the trail
up Bubbs Creek.

lieterogaura Californica Rothr. Annual, with widely branch-
ing stems, ^2,-2 ft. high, minutely glandular, puberulent. Leaves
lanceolate, tapering to short, slender petioles, 1-2 in. long, entire
or sparingly toothed. Spikes closely flowered but the fruits dis-
tant, sessile ; bracts narrowly-linear. Petals 4, entire, spatulate,
crimson, ]i in. long; the claws narrow. Fruit y% in. long, obo-
vate, angled, nut-like, 1-2-seeded. Millwood.

48 Sierra Club Publications.

Circaea Pacifica Magnus. Perennial, from rootstocks bearing
tubers. Stems slender, branching, smooth, about 6 in. high.
Leaves ovate-cordate, or orbicular, thin, sparingly serrulate,
y^-xYz in. long, i in. wide; petioles slender, as long or longer.
Flowers small in panicles. Corolla white, ts in. or less long.
Pods the same length, on deflexed pedicels, slightly longer.
Millwood, in shady, moist places.

LOASACE/E. Blazing Star Family.

Mentzelia congesta T. & Q. Stems much branched, from an
annual or biennial root with white, shining epidermis and a
rough pubescence, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves linear-lanceolate, pin-
nately lobed or entire, sessile, 1-2 in. long. Flowers clustered at
the ends of the branchlets, the leaves broadening and becoming
ovate and pointed, forming a kind of an involucre, bracts long-
wedge-shaped, 3-toothed at top. Sepals narrowly pointed. Petals
scarcely X i^i- long, orange. Pods club-shaped, y% in. long, sur-
mounted by the persistent sepals. The internodes between the
leaves are often more than 3-4 in. long ; the bracts and involucral
leaves are membranous at base. Bubbs Creek trail, on dry hills.

UMBELLIFER/E. Parsley Family.

KEY XO XHE GEWPERA.

Fruit orbicular, covered with hooked prickles ; flowers yellow or
purple Sanicula.

Fruit cylindrical, elongated, bristly ; flowers white.

Washingtonia, Myrrh.

Fruit strongly flattened on the back with the ribs winged.
Leaves once or twice pinnately compound, flowers white or
purple Sphenosciadium.

Leaves ternately compound, flowers white or greenish.

Angelica.

Fruit strongly flattened on the back without ribs but with the

margins thickened ; leaves ternately compound ; flowers white.

Leptotaenia.

Fruit strongly flattened on the sides, the ribs having thin, undu-
late wings ; flowers yellow Pteryxia.

Fruit terete, seed-face involute enclosing a central cavity.

Drudeophytum.

Sanicula biplnnata H. & A. Annual, from a tap-root, erect,
branching diffusely, >^-i ft. high, nearly smooth. Leaves thin,
twice pinnately compound, with the ultimate segments lobed or

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 49

toothed. Umbel 3-4-rayed, sometimes compound ; involucre leaf-
like ; globular heads subtended by small united bracts. Millwood
and General Grant Grove.

Washingtonia brachypoda Heller. Roots sweet, aromatic ;
stems rather stout, a foot or so high, pubescent or smooth.
Leaves ternately compound. Flowers small. Fruit strongly
ribbed, pointed at each end, hispid on the ribs. Bubbs Creek,
General Grant Park.

Spheitosciadium capitellatum Qray. Stems stout, 2-3 ft.
high. Leaves large, nearly smooth, pale green ; leaflets linear to
lanceolate, toothed or lobed, an inch or more long. Umbels with
4-8 white, woolly rays terminated by globular heads of white or
purplish-tinged flowers ; involucre wanting ; bracts under the
heads narrowly-linear. Pods white-hirsute. Bubbs Creek trail.

Angelica Breweri Qray. Stems stout, 2-3 ft. high, ribbed,
finely pubescent. Leaves nearly a foot in diameter ; leaflets
lanceolate, sharply serrate, sometimes lobed at base, X~/^ '^°-
wide, an inch or more long. Umbels large, with numerous thread-
like rays ; involucre wanting, also the bracts under the umbels.
Bubbs Creek.

Angelica lineariloba Qray. Stems stout, 2-3 ft. high, ribbed,
smooth. Leaves about a foot wide and long ; the leaflets linear,
entire, spine-tipped, 1-2 in. long, the edges folding together,
minutely rough-pubescent. Umbels with numerous smooth,
slender rays ; without involucre or bracts under the heads.
Bubbs Creek.

Leptotsenia multifida Nutt. Stems 1-2 ft. high, smooth and
glaucous. Lowest leaves about a foot long; leaflets dissected
into short, linear lobes, less than ^ in. long and narrow, the
thickened margins and midribs roughly ciliate. Umbels lo-rayed
but without involucre, and the small umbels without bracts.
Bubbs Creek.

Pteryxia Californica C. & R. Without a stem or with the
scapes rarely with a single leaf at base, about a foot high, smooth.
Leaves pinnately thrice compound ; the segments very small,
linear, bristle-tipped (the whole leaf becomes 6 in. or more long
and almost as wide). Rays of the umbel unequal, 5-10 ; involucre
wanting, the bracts under the small umbels thread-like. Flowers
yellow ; immature fruit reddish. The caudex is branched from a
perennial tap-root, and the plants grow in bunches. Collected at
Bubbs Creek, Millwood and Bullfrog Lake.

50 Sierra Club Publications.

Drudeophytum vestitum C. & R. Without a stem, from a
woody, thick root. Leaves pinnately compound, with the seg-
ments minute, crowded, orbicular, densely clothed with short,
stiff, white hairs ; petioles an inch or less long, generally longer
than the leaves, which are ovate-orbicular in outline. Scapes
surpassing the leaves ; umbels half an inch in diameter, capitate ;
involucre and bracts under the small umbels united, membranous
along the edges and sharply toothed. Flowers minute, white ;
fruit white-hairy. This small plant is found only above timber
line, and was collected on Harrisons Pass.

GARRYACE/E. Silk-Tassel Tree Family.

Qarrya pallida Eastwood. It is a straight shrub, 3-5 ft. high
or perhaps taller ; stems dark brown, the younger growth canes-
cent with fine, appressed, white pubescence. Leaves oblong to
elliptical, opposite, with clasping petioles, with a recurved point
at apex, tapering at base, 1-2 in. long, glaucous and clothed with
fine, white, appressed hairs which are denser on the lower than
on the upper surface, somewhat persistent on the older leaves.
Catkins pendent ; the bracts and ovaries tomentose ; berries be-
coming smooth. This was seen only in Kings River Caiion. It
is very desirable that this be collected in flower and especiallj' the
staminate plant. Only the pistillate plants have so far been seen.

CORNACE/E. Dogwood Family.

Cornus Nuttallii Audubon. Small tree, with smooth bark.
Leaves ovate to orbicular, pointed at apex, rounded at base, 1-3 or
more in. long, 1-2 or more in. wide, finely pubescent on both
sides, the lower side paler than the upper. Flowers in a head
surrounded by a conspicuous involucre of large white or yellowish
bracts, sometimes tinged with red and resembling petals. Berries
bright red, in clusters. The heads are sometimes 6 in. in diame-
ter, and are blooming after the leaves have appeared. Millwood.

Cornus occidentalis Coville. Shrub 3-6 ft. high, with
smooth, purplish bark. Leaves ovate-elliptical, 2-3 in. long, Yz-
i^ in. wide, acute at apex on a short petiole, paler on the lower
surface, the pubescence scarcely perceptible. Flowers in com-
pound cymes without an involucre, small, white. Berries un-
known. Kings River Caiion.

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 51

LORANTHACE/E. Mistletoe Family.

Phoradendron flavescens villosum Engelm. This is the
mistletoe that grows on the oaks. It was noted on Quercus chrys-
olepis and on Q. Californica. In Kings River Canon.

Phoradendron Bolleanum Eichler. This is the species found
on the firs. It was noted on Abies concolor in Kings River Canon.

Razoumofskya occidentalis abietina Greene. This also was
found on Abies concolor in Kings River Canon. It is distin-
guished from the preceding by the brownish-yellow color of the
herbage and the scale-like leaves.

VACCINIACE/E. Huckleberry Family.

Vaccinium caespitosum Michx. Bilberry. Low shrub form-
ing patches under the trees, only a few inches high, leafy, smooth
and not angled. Leaves obovate, ><-i in. long, almost sessile,
serrulate, deciduous, smooth. Flowers pink, in the axils on
drooping pedicels ; the corolla urn-shaped, % in. long. Berry
blue when ripe, edible. Bullfrog Lake. This is only to be looked
for at the higher elevations.

ERICACE/E.

K£ir TO XHK GENERA.

COROLLA WITH THE PETALS UNITED.

Fruit a berry with the seeds more or less cohering.

Arctostaphylos, Manzanita.

Fruit a capsule.

Corolla open bell-shaped, 5-lobed ; leaves scale-like, folding closely
over each other ; anthers with points ; capsule splitting on the
sides Cassiope.

Corolla bell-shaped ; leaves heath-like ; anthers vv'ithout points
or appendages ; capsule splitting at the partitions.
Bryanthus, Mountain Heather.

Corolla basin-shaped ; leaves broad ; anthers enclosed in pouches ;
capsule splitting along the partitions.
Kalmia, Mountain Laurel.

Corolla large, funnel-form, 5-lobed; stamens exserted, declined ;
capsule woody, splitting at the partitions. Showy flowers ;
plants shrubby. . . . Rhododendron, Azalea.

COROLLA WITH THE PETALS ALL SEPARATE.
Shrub several feet tall ; flowers in umbels.

Ledum, Labrador Tea.

52 Sierra Club Publications.

Herbs with green foliage {except in Pyrola aphylla).

Flowers in a corymb or umbel on a leafy stem ; petals widely
spreading, style short, stigma shield-shaped.
Chimaphila, Prince's Pine.

Flowers in a raceme on a scape ; petals not widely spreading ;
style long Pyrola, Wintergreen.

Herbs red or brown, without any green foliage.

stems brown ; corolla urn-shaped. Pterospora, Pine-drops.
stems red, corolla bell-shaped. . Sarcodes, Snow-plant.

Arctostaphylos Mariposa Dudley. Shrub 3-5 feet tall
with spreading branches, the older bark smooth, the younger
pale green, hairy and glandular. Leaves pale green, minutely
veiny, entire or serrulate with spiny teeth, orbicular to oblong,
1-2 in. long, mucronate at top ; petioles short, glandular, hairy.
Panicle drooping, with viscid peduncles and pedicels and small,
triangular bracts. Seeds bony, large. Millwood and Kings
River Caiion.

Arctostaphylos patula Qreene. Tall, erect shrub with
spreading branches ; stems smooth except on the inflorescence
and the younger growth, these clothed more or less with a gland-
ular and powdery pubescence. Leaves bright green, almost
smooth, elliptical, acute, 1% in- long, i in. wide, mucronate.
Panicles many flowered, drooping at first ; bracts small ; peduncles
and pedicels somewhat glandular but not viscid. Berry smooth.
Millwood, the common species at upper elevations.

Cassiope Mertensiana Don. Perennial, growing in patches,
bright green and smooth. Flowers in the upper axils on filiform
pedicels recurved at apex so that the flowers droop. Calyx red-
dish, edged with white. Corolla white, % in. long. This was
seen only on Bubbs Creek near the foot bridge at the ford.

Bryanthus Breweri Qray. Low stems, generally less than a
foot high, forming patches. Stems very leafy, somewhat glandu-
lar. Leaves narrowly linear, the revolute edges meeting the
thick midvein, not quite yi in. long, becoming shorter and
broader towards the inflorescence. Flowers corj-mbose in the
upper axils, later becoming racemose ; pedicels filiform covered
with brown glands, nearly yi in. long ; sepals, petals and anthers
purplish. This is quite common. It was collected at Bullfrog
and East Lakes and on Kearsarge Pass.

Kalmia glauca microphylla Hook. Low plant with woody
base, smooth throughout, 2-4 in. high. Leaves elliptical, less
than yi in. long, with the lower surface paler than the upper and

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 53

the margins revolute and entire. Flowers clustered at summit
on long filiform pedicels ^-i in. long ; the stigma exserted. This
is found only at the higher elevations and was collected <^ the
edge of Bullfrog Lake and on the trail to Harrisons Pass,

Rhododendron occidentale Qray. This well known shrub
is abundant at Millwood. The leaves are deciduous, and the large
fragrant flowers are clustered at the ends of the leafy branchlets.

Ledum glandulosum Nutt. Erect shrub, 2-6 feet high, with
smooth stems. Leaves numerous, elliptical, bright green on the
upper surface, the lower covered with yellow glands, entire, an
inch or less long. Flowers in terminal corymbs, white. Sepals
small, orbicular, fringed with hairs ; petals larger, dotted with
glands. This is common at East Lake.

Chimaphila Menziesii Spreng. Stems low from running
rootstocks, smooth, 3-6 in. high. Leaves elliptical, about an
inch long, acute at each end, serrate. Flowers in umbels ter-
minating long filiform peduncles, pink, nearly half an inch
across ; filaments with a hairy ring in the middle. Converse
Basin.

Pyrola aphylla Smith. Stems generally leafless, sometimes
with some rudimentary leaves or scales at base, reddish, about
6 in. high, slender. Calyx with the divisions triangular, much
smaller than the petals, pink, with thin margins, oblong, a little
more than % in. long. Style curved. Under the conifers near
Converse Basin and in other places.

Pyrola pallida Greene. Leaves all at the base, pale and
glaucous. Obovate to orbicular, the petioles about as long as the
blades, margined, together about 2 in.; margin thickened, some-
what undulate, oblong-orbicular, )^ in. long, greenish white ;
style curved.

Pyrola picta Smith. Leaves all from the base, ovate, obtuse,
on short petioles, from X~/^ ^.s long as the blade, together i^-
lYz in. long, dark green, veined with white, reddish on the lower
side. Flowers red, greenish-white or tinged with rose. Near
Big Boulder Creek, under the trees.

Pyrola minor L. Leaves all basal, broadly oblong to orbicu-
lar, with petioles as long as the blades, together about 2 inches,
distantly serrulate, thin, obtuse. Flowers white, petals oblong,
3^ in. long ; style straight. This is a smaller plant than the
other species, not more than 6 in. high. It was collected only by
Miss Catherine Wilson and at East Lake.

54 Sierra Chib Publications.

Pterospora Andromedea Nutt. Pine-Drops. Stem simple,
1-3 ft. high, brownish throughout, the leaves small, scale-like,
scattered. Raceme long and with many flowers ; pedicels spread-
ing and recur\'ed. Flowers reddish or brownish, glandular, espe-
cially along the margins of the sepals, less than ]^ in. long. Un-
der the conifers near Millwood.

Sarcodes sanguinea Torr. Snow Plant. Stems stout, red,
Yz-i ft. high, glandular, thickly covered with fleshy scales, the
upper ones linear, pointed, conspicuously fringed on the margins.
Flowers thickly clustered in a dense raceme ; pedicels erect but
flowers slightly drooping, red, ^ in. long. Seed pod flattened,
globular, % in. in diameter, opening by a hole on top. This
showy plant grows in the coniferous forests near Millwood.

PRIMULACE^. Primrose Family.

Primula suffrutescens Gray. Mountain Primrose. Stems
branched at base from a tap-root, very leafy below the scape.
Leaves spatulate, tapering to long, broad petioles, densely clus-
tered, dentate along the top, smooth. Scape and inflorescence
glandular, surpassing the leaves ; flowers in umbels on pedicels as
long as the calyx ; bracts of the involucre narrowly-linear and
pointed. Calyx i^ in. long, with pointed divisions, extending
almost to the base ; corolla bright crimson, salver-form, the tube
but little longer than the calyx, the border }'n in. or more across
with the divisions obcordate. This beautiful plant grows only
above timber line and amid the rocks. It is one of the most con-
spicuous Alpine flowers. Harrisons Pass, Kearsarge Pass.

Dodecatheon alpinum Greene. Mosquito Bills, Shoot-
ing Stars. Leaves all at base, oblanceolate, smooth, 1-2 in.
long, yi-y% in. wide, scapes about a foot high, slender. Flowers
in umbels with few rays unequal, calyx and corolla reflexed,
crimson. Stamens on very short filaments ; the anthers long and
meeting so as to form a point around the pistil. Pod splitting
across the top into 5 parts. This grows in wet meadows at upper
levels. It was collected along Bubbs Creek.

Dodecatheon Jeffrey! Moore. Stout, from thick, clus-
tered roots. Leaves sometimes a foot long and 2 in. wide, taper-
ing to very broad petioles which are sheathing at base, pale
green, sparingly toothed, oblanceolate. Scape a foot or two high,
stout, sparingly glandular at the lower part, more conspicuously
so at the inflorescence; branches of the umbel 1-4 in. long, un-
equal ; bracts of the involucre pointed, ).< in. long. Flowers

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 55

large, crimson ; petals about an inch long ; anthers short, forming
a blunt point. Pod splitting as the preceding. This is found in
all the high meadows and in wet places on the high mountains.
Millwood, Mt. Brewer, Kearsarge Pass, University Peak, Bubbs
Creek.

GENTIANACE/E. Gentian Family.

Gentiana holopetala Qray. Stems slender, simple or with
one or two erect branches each terminating in a single flower on
a long, smooth peduncle. Leaves linear to oblanceolate, oppo-
site, pointed, Yz-^Yz in. long. Calyx % in. long, with lobes
longer than the tube, narrowed to a long, slender point. Corolla
blue, with membranous folds between the oblong, obtuse lobes,
\Yz ii- long, the lobes ^ in. There is some variation in the
leaves, and the lobes of the corolla are entire or fringed at apex.
Pod on 2 short stemsi East Lake.

There are probably other species of Gentian, but they were not
found, as they are to be looked for in the late instead of the early
summer.

APOCYNACE/E. Dogbane Family.

Apocynum pumilum Greene. Perennial, with branching
stems about a foot high, generally spreading, clothed with a pale
pubescence. Leaves opposite, ovate, about an inch long, almost
sessile, distinctly mucronate, much paler on the lower than the
upper surface. Flowers in corymbs at the ends of the branches ;
corolla pink, bell-shaped, rather fleshy, with recurving lobes hav-
ing 5 scales opposite the lobes on the inner side and near the base ;
stamens with short filaments and arrow-shaped anthers uniting
in a ring. Fruit a pair of slender pods ; seeds with a tuft of silky
down. Millwood, Kings River Canon.

ASCLEPIADACE/G. Milkweed Family.

Asclepias speciosa Torr. Silkweed. Covered with white
down, stout, erect, with large, thick, oblong leaves, opposite or
whorled. Umbels on peduncles shorter than the leaves, many-
flowered. Flowers large, purplish-red, the hoods around the
stamens almost half an inch long, spreading with a horn-like
prolongation from the summit ; besides the short, inflexed, true
horn. Seed pods rough with soft spinous processes. Seeds when
ripe, brown, with a tuft of silky hairs at one end. The anthers in
this family are concealed in the stamen tube and are yellowish-

56 Sierra Club Publications.

brown, having the outline of a pair of scales. This was seen in
Kings River Canon.

Asclepias Mexicana Cav. Stems rather slender, 3-6 ft. high.
Leaves in whorls of 3-6, linear, sessile, smooth, 3-6 in. long.
Umbels clustered to form a corymb, densely flowered, on pedun-
cles longer than the petioles. Flowers rather small, greenish-
white or tinged with purple. Hoods broadly ovate, shorter than
the beak-like, incurved horn. Seed-pods slender, tapering to the
top. Kings River Canon.

Qomphocarpus cordifolius Benth. Smooth, with ascending
stems 2-3 ft. high. Leaves clasping by a heart-shaped base,
opposite or sometimes in threes. Umbels 1-5 with the flowers on
slender pedicels. Corolla dark reddish-purple. Hoods tipped
with a point where the open edges come together, but without
horns. Pods smooth, erect, on pedicels that are deflexed. Kings
River Canon.

CONVOLVULACE/E. Morning-Glory Family.

Convolvulus Berryi. Morning-Glory. Stems usually ly-
ing on the ground or supported by the other plants, clothed with
dense, white wool. Leaves broadly triangular, mucronate at
each angle, the two lateral often sharply lobed, 1-2 in. long,
the largest leaves becoming more than 2 in. wide at base. Flowers
axillary, solitary on long peduncles, frequently curved. Bracts
close under the cal3rx, similar to the leaves but smaller. Calj'x
with obtuse divisions shorter than the bracts. Corolla white,
tinged with pink, funnel-form, i^ in. across. Millwood and near
Converse Basin.

Cuscuta subinclusa Dur. & Hilg. Dodder. Parasites with
yellow stems, no leaves, and small white flowers in bunches,
climbing and living upon other plants. Corolla urn-shaped, y% in.
long, with the lobes shorter than the tube. Pod conical, capped
with the withered corolla, usually containing one seed. Bubbs
Creek, on various plants.

SOLAN ACE/E. Nightshade Family.

KEV TO THE GENERA.

Corolla wheel-shaped ; anthers longer than the filaments, uniting
to form a cone ; fruit a berry. . Solauum, Nightshade.

Corolla tubular, with a spreading border ; stamens not united ;
fruit a pod splitting from the top. . Nicotiana, Tobacco.

Solanutn Xanti Gray. Half shrubby, generalh^ with many

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 57

stems, viscid, pubescent with simple whitish hairs. Leaves ovate,
obtuse, tapering at base to a short petiole. Flowers in umbels,
corolla violet, rotate. Berries purplish or green, as large as peas.
This was seen on Bubbs Creek.

Nicotiana attenuata Torr. Stems simple or branching, viscid.
Leaves at base chiefly, ovate to oblong and elliptical, about an
inch wide and two inches long, on petioles half as long as the blade.
Stem leaves lanceolate acuminate, on short petioles. Flowers
dirty white, in a loose terminal raceme, salver- form, the tube an
inch long and the border less than half as wide. Pod exceeding
the calyx, which consists of long and slender divisions about half
an inch long. Bubbs Creek.

SCROPHULARIACE/C. FiGwoRT Family.

KEV XO XHK GEPiElTA.

COROLLA TUBULAR, 2-LIPPED.

Tube with a sac or swelling at base, throat with a palate on the
lower lip ; stamens 4 ; pods opening by 1-2 holes at top.
Antirrhinum, Snap-dragon.

Tube short, with a swelling at the base on the upper side ; upper
lip with 2 spreading divisions, lower 3-lobed, the middle lobe
compressed at the sides and enclosing the 4 stamens ; fifth
stamen in the form of a small gland at the base of the tube.
. . Collinsia.

Tube globular, upper lip of 4, erect lobes, lower turned down or
spreading ; stamens 4, in 2 pairs, the fifth in the form of a scale
on the upper side of the throat of the corolla.
Scrophularia, Bee-plant.

Tube swelling towards the throat, upper lip 2-lobed, lower
3-cleft; stamens with anthers 4, the fifth a conspicuous fila-
ment without an anther. . Pentstemon, Beard-tongue.

Upper lip long, erect and pointed, lower short, 3-toothed and with
3 folds below the teeth ; calyx and bracts colored like a corolla,
the latter with 4 divisions ; stamens 4, enclosed in the upper
lip. Castilleia, Painters-brush.

Upper lip compressed at the sides and arched, often with a long
beak, the lower with 3 reflexed or spreading lobes, the middle
one smallest ; stamens 4, in the upper lip ; calyx 2-5-toothed,
irregular. . . , Pedicularis.

Lobes of the corolla spreading, 2 forming the upper lip and 3 the
lower ; calyx bell-shaped, 5-toothed, and with 5 folds or angles
enclosing the corolla tube ; stamens 4, with the anther cells
diverging Mimulus, Monkey-flower.

COROLLA NOT TUBULAR.

Calyx and corolla 4-parted, with the lobes more or less unequal ;
stamens 2; pod inversely heart-shaped, flowers small.
Veronica, Speedwell.

58 Sierra Club Publications.

SCROPHULARIACE/E.

Antirrhinum leptaleum Gray. Annual, stems erect, simple
or with few branches near the base, clothed with spreading gland-
ular hairs. Leaves lanceolate to linear, inch or two long, lowest
narrowed at base to short petioles, obtuse at apex. Flowers from
almost the lowest axils on very short pedicels almost perpendicu-
lar to the stem. Calj'x with linear-lanceolate sepals, acute, a lit-
tle longer than the capsule, about as long as the stout persistent
style. Corolla violet, with tube a little longer than the cah^x,
border 2-lipped, upper lip of 2 rounded lobes separated by an obtuse
sinus, lower of 3 spreading divisions broader than the upper, the
fold in the throat of 2 parts ; spur at base of tube short, blunt.
Stamens 4, the 2 longer with the filaments at apex broader than
the anthers, the shorter dilated but little, with a tuft of hairs
about the middle ; lower on the longer filaments. Capsule ob-
long, a little unequal sided ; style stout, curved, as long as the
capsule. Seeds deeply convoluted, numerous. Converse Basin,
Sequoia Mills.

Collinsia tinctoria Hartweg. Annual, from less than a foot to
3 feet or more in height, smooth, erect. Leaves opposite, the
lowest oblong-elliptical on short petioles, united and clasping at
base ; upper leaves lanceolate to narrowly ovate, crenate-dentate,
acute, clasping at the sessile base. Flowers in whorls some dis-
tance apart on short pedicels. Calyx glandular, hairy, of 4 linear
divisions, the 2 lower almost twice as wide as the 2 upper. Co-
rolla creamy white, tinged or veined with reddish-purple, keel
shorter than the wings, throat broad, smooth throughout except
for some hairs on the inner surface of the wings, ear-like folds at
base of wings prominent, crest on throat of upper lip broadl)- V-
shaped, the tooth-like gland at base of tube as long as tube. Fila-
ments hairy on the lower half, anther cells becoming almost flat.
Ovarj- orbicular. This becomes very tall in the wet meadows,
the flowers are larger and the whole plant smoother than when it
grows in dryer places. The glands leave a purple stain on the
paper in which the plants are pressed. Kings River Canon,
Bubbs Creek.

Collinsia Wrightii Wats. Annual, usually much branched,
low, slender and spreading, purple-glandular. Leaves in few
pairs, lowest oblong-spa tulate, entire on petioles of the same
length or longer, upper linear-lanceolate, entire or with a few
scattered teeth near the apex, 1-2 inches long, narrow, obtuse.
Flowers small, 4 or 5dn the whorls, on thread-like pedicels that
become spreading later and deflexed, half an inch long ; bracts

Flora of Soicfh Fork of Kings River. 59

none on upper whorls. Calyx with open-campanulate tube, acu-
minate divisions as long as the tube, as long as, or longer than,
the capsule. Corolla with lobes of upper lip yellow, lower pur-
plish-blue, wings slightly longer than the keel, throat shorter
than the divisions. Stamens 4, with smooth filaments ; one pair
with a tuft of hairs at base. Seeds 2 thick, brownish-black,
grooved on the face, the surface marked under a lens with minute
venation like a honey-comb. In C. Torreyi, a closely allied spe-
cies, the seeds are curved, these are straight. Sequoia Mills,
Kings River Canon.

Collinsia Childii Gray. Stems erect, a foot high, generally
branching from the lower axils, puberulent and glandular.
Lowest leaves oblong, narrowed to a short petiole, crenate ;
upper oblanceolate to lanceolate, rather thin, revolute, entire or
toothed, on short petioles, midrib puberulent, blade otherwise
smooth, inch or more long. Flowers small on erect pedicels, not
deflexed in fruit, shorter than the leaf-like lower bracts, longer
than the small upper ones. Calyx urn- shaped in fruit, with the
triangular divisions longer than the tube, glandular, hairy, about
as long as the capsule. Corolla small, purple, tube longer than
the upper divisions, shorter than the lower, wings narrow, longer
than the keel. Stamens 4, with smooth filaments. Seeds light
brown ainiost yi inch long, boat-shaped, beautifully and finely
veined. Sequoia Mills.

Scrophuiaria Californica Cham. Californian Bee-
Plant. Tall, stout, perennial herbs, 2-5 fc. high; nearly
smooth. Leaves opposite, oblong-ovate, usually cordate at base,
coarsely doubly- toothed or slashed. Flowers brownish- purple in
fascicled cymes. The honey glands produce a large quantity of
honey. This was not collected, but is to be expected in the
region.

Pentstemon Newberryi Gray. Stems 6 inches to a foot
high, from creeping, woody rootstocks, smooth and glaucous ex-
cept the more or less glandular inflorescence. Leaves orbicular
or ovate-oblong, the lower on short, margined petioles ; upper
sessile, serrate ; blades % inch long, pedicels slender, bracts
minute. Division of calyx extending to the base, narrowly-
linear, long-pointed, becoming half inch or more in fruit. Corolla
carmine-red, narrowly tubular-funnel-form, the 2 lips almost
equal, upper 2-cleft, clothed internally with white hairs, lower
3-cleft. Anthers clothed with long, white, dense wool, exserted,
becoming shield-shaped when open, sterile filament bearded on
one side more than half its length. Bubbs Creek, Sequoia Mills,
trail to Bullfrog Lake.

6o Sierra Club Publications.

Pentstemon Davidsonii Greene. Low, witli creeping under-
ground stems, smooth except for some glandular pubescence on
the pedicels and calyx. Leaves spatulate, tapering to the base ot
the petiole which is about as long as the blade, together less than
an inch, thickish, veinless, entire, obtuse. Flowering stem with
a few small, sessile, bract-like leaves, as long or shorter than the
flowers which terminate it ; these purple-blue, more than an inch
long. Calyx with divisions linear, acute, almost half inch long
extending to the base. Corolla tubular, funnel-form, upper lip
2-cleft, shorter than the 3-cleft lower one. Anthers clothed with
dense purplish wool, becoming shield-shaped when open, fila-
ments short, clothed at the apex with short, woolly hairs. Above
timber line on Harrisons Pass.

Pentstemon breviflorus Lindl. Shrubby, with many slender,
wand-like stems, often several feet high, smooth and glaucous,
iorming a brushy clump several feet high. Leaves lanceolate,
narrowed at base to slender petiole which abruptly widens and
clasps the stem, sharply and somewhat distantly toothed, acute,
about an inch long. Flowers in spreading panicles, the branch-
lets corymbosely 2-5 flowered, the lowest ones longest. Calyx with
awl-shaped, pointed divisions, longer than the tube. Corolla flesh-
color or yellowish, striped with pink, the 2 lips widely gaping,
upper curved, emarginate, lower with 3 recurved and pendulous
lobes, both clothed externally near the top with long hairs.
Filaments dilated and bearded at base, sterile, smooth, with the
bearded basal dilation much smaller. The anthers become shield-
shaped when open. Capsule when ripe about as long as the
calyx. Kings River Canon, in rocky places ; Sequoia Mills.

Pentstemon procerus Dougl. Perennial from running root-
stocks, varying in height according to altitude, from a few inches
to 2 feet. Stems erect, simple, with i-several axillary whorls of
crowded flowers, glabrous except the glandular inflorescence.
Radical leaves oblanceolate to spatulate on slender petioles ; stem
leaves sessile and clasping, entire, acute or mucronulate. Calyx
divisions extending to the base, somewhat membranously mar-
gained, 3^3 as long as the corolla tube, lanceolate, glandular.
Corolla dark blue or purple, narrow-tubular, half inch or less in
length, almost equally 5-cleft, lower lip bearded on the inner side.
East Lake, Converse Basin.

Pentstemon laetus Gray. Shrubby at base, with stems a foot
or two high, pale green from a minute pubescence, the inflores-
cence glandular. Lower leaves linear-lanceolate, pointed, inch or
2 long, tapering to the base, upper ovate, long-acuminate, heart-

Flora of Sotcth Fork of Kings River. 6r

shaped at the sessile base. Peduncles spreading forming an open
thyrse. Calyx divisions linear-lanceolate tipped with a sharp re-
curving point. Corolla violet blue, inch long, the throat expand-
ing above the short calyx, moderately 2-lipped, the border more
than half inch across. Anthers shaped like a horse-shoe, ciliate
across the slit at the top, with a tuft of hairs above the insertion of
the filament on one side, sterile filament smooth. Millwood.

Pentstemon Jaffrayanus Hook. With many erect branches
from an ascending or creeping, woody stem, glaucous and smooth
throughout. Leaves oblong, oblanceolate, spatulate, an inch or
less long, entire or slightly serrate, lower petioled, upper sessile.
Peduncles 1-5, flowered, in a close panicle. Calyx divisions short,
ovate, tipped with a recurved point, membranous on the margins.
Corolla violet, Y^ inch long, dilating above the short tube to a
broad throat, the two lips somewhat equal. Anthers shaped as
the preceding, ciliate along the edges, opening by a slit at the
top ; sterile filament smooth. Kings River Canon,

Pentstemon Bridgesii Gray. Stems many, from a woody
base, slender, wand-like, 2 feet or more high, generally blooming
from about the middle. Leaves lanceolate, inch or more long,
acute, lowest tapering to a short, clasping petiole, upper sessile.
Flowers scarlet or rarely yellow, panicled, with slender spreading
peduncles 2-5 flowered, with the pedicels and calyx glandular,
the latter with divisions triangular-ovate. Corolla inch long with
narrow, cylindrical tube curving outwards near the base ; upper
lip erect, 2-lobed, lower 3-lobed, recurved. Filaments smooth,
anthers obtuse at apex, arrow-shaped at base, opening by a slit
along the ciliate top ; sterile filament with smooth, clavate tip.
Kings River Canon, Bubbs Creek.

Castilleia montana Congdon. Perennials, with tall and slen-
der stems, simple or with few slender branches, smooth or
pubescent. Leaves lanceolate, long-pointed, sessile, 1-3 in. long.
Flowers in short and dense spikes which lengthen in fruit, sessile
or on very short pedicels, red, showy. Calyx cleft deeper before
than behind, with two oblong divisions, each deeply parted into
long, linear, pointed lobes. Bracts of lower flowers similar to
the leaves, upper lobed. Corolla very slender, slightly curving,
1-1% in. long, the upper lip as long as the tube, lower very short.
This is the most showy Castilleia of the region. It was collected
in General Grant Grove and along the trail up Bubbs Creek.

Castilleia Brooicsii Eastwood. Perennial, branching from
the base and with some short branches above, glandular, viscid
throughout and pubescent with white, silvery hairs. Spikes

62 Sierra Club Publications.

short ; bracts unevenly lobed, with colored tips. Calyx equally
cleft before and behind, the divisions shorter than the tube, each
2-cleft with unequal, triangular, i-nerved, obtuse divisions.
Corolla a little more than an inch long, with the upper lip longer
than the tube, straight at first but later curving outwards, hav-
ing 3 blunt teeth at top ; lower lip with the sharply acute teeth
incurved. The flowers are yellowish-red. On the trail up Bubbs
Creek.

Castilleia disticha Eastwood. Perennial, 2 ft. or more high,
branching from the base and with spreading branches above,
somewhat viscid and pubescent with white hairs. Leaves linear,
sessile. Flowers in spikes that become nearly a foot long, with
the pods appressed to the stem, more or less distant, in two
ranks. Divisions of the calyx and bracts colored at tip. Corolla
red, with the upper lip as long as the tube, notched at apex ;
lower lip 3-toothed, the middle tooth much smaller than the
lateral, thin. Converse Basin, Millwood, under the conifers.

There are several species of low, Alpine Castilleias, only one of
which has been collected in sufficient quantity for satisfactory
determination and description. It is desirable that they be col-
lected at di0"erent stages and in all localities where they may be
noted.

Pedicularis Qroenlandica Retz. Stems tall, simple, smooth.
Leaves pinnately parted, lanceolate in outline, inch or two long,
on short petioles, the divisions sharply toothed. Flowers in
spikes 1-6 inches long, sessile. Calyx 5-toothed, much shorter
than the capsule. Corolla red-purple, curved and ending in a
long, slender, upwardly curved beak, the whole resembling an
elephant's head and trunk ; lower lip with 3 spreading divisions.
Stamens 4, with oblong anthers not deeply arrow-shaped at base,
filaments smooth. Capsule wnth the sides unequal, beaked by
the base of the style, about % inch long. This is common in
swampy places near timber line. East Lake and Bubbs Creek.

Pedicularis attolens Gray. Somewhat like the preceding but
with narrower leaves and more sharply toothed divisions. Stems
6 in. to 2 ft. high. Spike densely flowered, clothed with white wool.
Calyx with recurved hooked teeth shorter than the woolly tube.
Corolla somewhat like the preceding but with the beak not so
long, the lower lip broad, 3-lobed. Stamens with baggy anthers,
as long as the slender smooth filaments, included in the hood with
the style extending through the beak. Capsule longer than the
calyx with sides unequal, beaked on one side by the base of the

• Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 63

style. This is easily distinguished from the preceding by the
closely flowered, woolly spike. In wet meadows, East Lake, Bull-
frog Lake.

Pedicularis semibarbata Qray. Stems low, i-several, from
a tap-root, lowest leaves underground, scale-like, the others twice
pinnately divided, the divisions sharply toothed, the petioles gen-
erally shorter than the blades, together 4-6 inches long, 1-3
inches wide, smooth except for some scattered woolly hairs.
Spikes verj' short, sessile, much surpassed by the leaves ; bracts
leaf-like, often almost twice as long as the flowers. Pedicels very
short. Cal}-x somewhat clothed with cottony wool, 5-cleft into
unequal, triangular-acuminate lobes as long as the tube, with the
apex recurved. Corolla yellowish, tinged with purple, inch or
less long, the tube almost as long as the calyx ; upper lip shaped
like a hood, lower with rounded spreading lobes, the middle one
longest, hairy without and within. Stamens in two pairs, with
the anthers united, arrow-shaped at base, rounded at apex, the
pointed bases together with the disk-like stigma projecting be-
yond the upper lip, the latter curving downward from the top.
Capsule a little shorter than the calyx, with sides unequal, beaked
b}' the style. Growing under the trees at Millwood and Converse
Basin.

Mimulus Bigelovii Cray. Low, with slender, simple or widely
branching stems, viscid with glandular hairs. Earliest leaves
spatulate, narrowed to clasping petioles, about as long as the
blades, together an inch ; upper leaves ovate-lanceolate on very
short petioles, serrate or entire. Flowers from the earliest be-
coming spicate, pedicels as long as the petioles. Calyx papery
between the green but not strongly marked ribs, teeth triangu-
lar, sharply pointed, folded together. Corolla bright crimson,
almost an inch long, the tube surpassing the calyx, border spread-
ing, lower lip of 3 rounded lobes, upper twice as broad as each
lobe of the lower. Capsule slightly surpassing the calyx, split-
ting into 2 pieces with half the placenta attached to each valve.
When the corolla withers it is forced up by the enlarging capsule
and persists, the tube is exserted and curves downwards at the
throat. Horse Corral Meadows and Millwood.

Mimulus Whitney i Qray. Viscid throughout, low, with
spreading branches. Leaves lanceolate, acute, sessile, about an
inch long. Flowers numerous, on very short pedicels. Calyx
papery, ribbed but not channeled, becoming enlarged in fruit,
with acute teeth, spreading outwards. Corolla j-ellow, with dark
crimson blotches in the throat, the tube longer than the calyx.

64 Sierra Club Publications.

the border of almost equal spreading lobes, rounded and entire,
1-1.5 in. in diameter. Common and very beautiful, growing in
several places on the trail.

Mimulus Torreyi Qray. Low, branching diffusely from the
base and also above, viscid throughout. Leaves near the base
obovate-rhomboid, narrowed to a broad, short petiole, crenate-
undulate ; upper leaves lanceolate, ciliate on margin, inch or less
long. Flowers from the earliest axils on very short pedicels,
often perpendicular to the stem. Calyx papery between the
broad ribs, half inch long, ovate in outline after the flower fades,
teeth unequal, the upper longest and so oblique at apex. Corolla
almost an inch long, tube thick and much exserted, funnel-form,
border not widely expanded, the lobes almost equal, 2 hairy
ridges in the throat. Capsule not as long as the calyx, pointed,
splitting as the preceding. Seeds minute, orbicular, bristly under
a lens. Millwood and in other places on the trail.

Mimulus Bolanderi Qray. Stems erect, from a few inches to
more than a foot high, generally simple, very viscid. Leaves
distant, ovate to oblong, narrowed to a sessile base, woolly and
glandular, apex pointed. Flowers on very short pedicels in the
axils. Calyx half inch or more long, broadening in fruit, folds
conspicuous, teeth unequal, the upper one longest, pointed, y^ as
long as the tube. Corolla purple, about an inch long with included
tube. Capsule as long as the calyx, parchment-like, pointed.
Converse Basin, Millwood.

Alimuius Breweri (Qreene). Slender annual, generally much
branched, a few inches high, clothed with gland-tipped hairs.
Leaves linear, entire, inch or less long, narrow, sessile but nar-
rowed at base. Flowers in all except the lowest axils on erect,
spreading pedicels generally much shorter than the leaves, about
as long as the calyx. Calyx tubular, papery between the ribs,
with equal, short, triangular teeth. Corolla very small, purplish
with the tube included in flower, persistent on the top of the cap-
sule in fruit and exserted. Capsule shorter than the calyx, the
placenta united below and splitting above. General Grant Park,
Millwood.

Mimulus cardinalis Dougl. Tall, coarse perennials, woolly
and viscid. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, or oblong, 3-veined,
sessile and clasping at base, acute. Flowers in the axils on long,
erect, spreading pedicels, generally twice as long as the leaves.
Calyx more than an inch long, 5-angled, with the teeth keeled,
triangular acute, X ^s long as the tube. Corolla large and very
showy, scarlet, the two lips widely separated, the upper more or

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 65

less lobed, the lower reflexed, with i spreading division. Stamens
and pistil exserted, the latter longer and extending beyond the
calyx in fruit to a length equal to the calyx tube. This handsome
species grows near water, and is found at Millwood and other
places.

Mimulus primuloides Benth. Low, forming mats in wet
meadows, clothed with glistening white wool. Leaves obovate to
wedge-shaped, sharply serrate, about an inch long, generally
crowded. Flowers few on each stem, often solitary at the top,
pedicels capillary, 1-3 inches long. Calyx scarcely ribbed, the
teeth very short, equal, acute. Corolla yellow, yi-^ inch long,
widening from the calyx to the spreading border, with the lobes
alike, notched. This is found in all the meadows. General
Grant Park, Millwood.

Mimulus moschatus Dougl. Musk Plant. Perennial, with
many weak spreading stems, viscid and slimy, woolly. Leaves
ovate on very short petioles, the lower ones almost orbicular,
entire, serrate, about an inch long. Flowers on slender pedicels
shorter than the leaves. Calyx tubular, half as long as the
corolla, with angled folds and almost equal teeth, triangular,
pointed. Corolla yellow, half inch long, tube funnel-form
exserted. border almost equally lobed with entire rounded
divisions. Capsule shorter than the calyx. In swampy places
near Millwood.

Mimulus moniliformis Greene. Stems simple or branching,
erect, clothed with long, white, woolly hairs. Leaves near the
root ovate-orbicular, on petioles half as long as the blades ; upper
leaves ovate to oblong, acute, on very short petioles, sharply
toothed, erect, enfolding the stem. Flowers in the upper axils
on slender pedicels as long as the leaves, erect. Calyx papery,
with the folds green, tube % inch long, enlarging in fruit, with
short, triangular, almost equal teeth ; corolla an inch or less
wide, the tube widening to the throat, the exserted portion as
long as that within the calyx, border not widely expanded, the
divisions about equal. Capsule ovate, X inch long, pointed.
Seeds very small and numerous. This is said to have moniliform
tubers on the roots. General Grant Park, Millwood, Bearskin
Meadow.

Mimulus nasutus Qreene. Perennial, the simple or branched
stems from a few inches to 2 or 3 feet high, smooth or clothed with
fine, irregularly appressed pubescence. Lower leaves on long
petioles which clasp the stem at base, broad, oval or ovate, irreg-
ularly and sharply toothed, often with 2 lobes below the blade,

66 Sierra Club Publications.

apex obtuse ; upper leaves sessile, clasping, sometimes perfoliate
at the inflorescence. Flowers racemose on pedicels much longer
than the bracts, erect, spreading. Calyx papery, enlarging in
age, the upper tooth longer than the others which are folded
under. The calyx resembles a fist with the index finger pointing.
Corolla yellow, varying greatly in size, sometimes spotted with
brown, lower lip 3-lobed, longer than the 3-lobed upper. Capsule
elliptical, included in the calyx. Those plants which grow where
the soil is rich and moist become tall and luxuriant, with large
flowers ; those with small flowers are probably half starved. The
peculiar calyx will always distinguish this species. Kings River
Caiion, Millwood.

Mimulus acutidens Qreene. Stems slender, almost smooth,
angled, branching. Lowest leaves inch long, oblong, on short
petioles, upper ovate sessile by a broad base, entire or sharply
toothed. Pedicels thread-like, longer than the leaves, spreading,
angled. Calj-x wedge-shaped at base, pubescent, % inch long,
keeled ribs, teeth equal, spreading, broadly deltoid, acuminate.
Corolla rose-color, with the tube almost twice as long as the calj^x,
widening upwards, border ample, the lobes about equal. Capsule
linear-oblong, included in the papery calyx, not a line wide.
Millwood.

Mimulus floribundus Dougl. Annual, much branched chiefly
from the base with weak, slender stems, viscid, pubescent and
woolly, a few inches to-a foot high. Leaves small, ovate, about Yz
inch long, on short petioles, entire or sharply toothed. Flow^ers
in all the axils on slender spreading pedicels surpassing the leaves.
Cah-x wing-angled, papery, teeth short, deltoid, equal. Corolla
yellow, the tube as long as the calyx, the border of 5 almost equal
roundish divisions. Stamens included. After the corolla falls
the style is noticeablj' longer than the calyx, which is sometimes
dotted and enlarged in fruit. Bubbs Creek, Millw-ood.

Mimulus montiQides Qray. Low, slender, erect annual, sim-
ple or branched, glandular puberulent. Leaves linear, narrow,
about an inch long. Pedicels thread-like, longer or shorter than
the leaves, becoming almost perpendicular to the stem and hold-
ing the erect fruiting calyx like candelabra. Calyx tubular,
elongating in fruit, ribs not keeled, teeth very short, broad, equal,
mucronate, ciliate. Corolla yellow, twice as long as the calyx,
half inch or more, tube funnel-form, exserted, border ample,
spreading, with lobes about equal, lower lip bearded, upper hairy
on the inside. Capsule included in the calyx, oblong-elliptical %
inch long. This beautiful species grows in General Grant Park
and elsewhere.

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 67

Mimulus bicolor Hartweg. Low annual, a few inches high,
slender, simple or branched, viscid. Leaves linear to lanceolate,
inch long, entire or sparingly serrulate. Pedicels shorter or
longer than the leaves, rather thick, erect, spreading. Calyx tube
wnth dark red dots on the rounding ribs, teeth short, triangular,
folded, with spreading tips. Corolla % inch long, tube slightly
longer than the cah^, border broad, spreading, upper lip white,
lower yellow purple dotted ; violet scented. Capsule not so long
as the calyx, oblong-linear. This grows on moist banks, very
abundant near Millwood.

Mimulus Palmeri Gray. Viscid, a few inches high, slender,
generally simple. Leaves narrowly oblong to lanceolate, sessile
and clasping but narrowed to the base. Pedicels slender, spread-
ing, inch or more long. Caljrx scarcely angled, teeth very short,
broad, obtuse, purplish. Corolla inch long, with tube twice as
long as the calyx, border spreading, scarcely 2-lipped, the lobes
notched at apex, crimson, half inch across. Capsule included in
the calyx. A delicate, beautiful species found at Millwood.

Veronica serpyllifolia L. Perennial, from slender, creeping
rootstocks, erect, simple or branched, puberulent or smooth be-
low. Leaves opposite, oval to broadly oblong, obtuse, minutely
crenate, the lowest on short petioles, upper sessile and smaller.
Flowers in a spike, raceme several inches long, on erect pedicels
which are longer than the calyx. This of 4 unequal divisions, ob-
long, obtuse, shorter than the capsule. Corolla very small, blue,
wheel-shaped. Stamens 2. Style and disk-like stigma as long
as the broadly obcordate capsule. Bracts alternate, shorter than
the pedicels. East Lake.

OROBANCHACE/C. Broomrape Family.

Aphyllon fascicuiatum T. «& Q. Stems light brown or yel-
lowish without any green color whatever, a few inches high ;
leaves few, scale-like, ovate, sessile, short. Flowering stems clus-
tered, with long peduncles. Calyx with spreading divisions as
long as the tube. Corolla 2-lipped, about an inch long, the tube
almost three times as long as the calyx. This is a parasite and
fastens itself upon the roots of other plants. It v/as attached to
sage-brush, and was collected on Bubbs Creek trail.

68 Sierra Club Publications.

POLEMONIACE/E. Phlox Family.

KEV XO THE GEPKERA.

Calyx papery or leathery at base only ; seed-coats when wet be-
coming mucilaginous and sending out spirally coiled threads.

Flowers crowded in heads ; calyx, bracts and leaves with narrow,
spine-tipped divisions Navarretia.

Flowers in heads or scattered ; calyx, leaves and bracts not spine-
tipped Collomia.

Calyx papery or leathery between the angles ; seeds with or
without mucilage and spinal threads when wet.

Stamens inserted on the tube at the same level.

Leaves alternate Gilia.

Leaves opposite I/inanthus.

Stamens not inserted at the sa7ne level.

Leaves opposite, simple ; seeds unaltered when wet. Phlox.

Lower leaves opposite, upper alternate ; seeds when v/et becom-
ing mucilaginous but without spiral threads. Microsteris.

Calyx entirely green, without papery or leathery base or angles.
Polemonium, Jacob's Ladder.

Navarretia divaricata Greene. Annual, low and branching,
an inch or so high, with slender, naked stems, dark green,
woolly-pubescent. Leaves with short, thread-like divisions ;
bracts wedge-shaped at base, with 3-5 divisions, very woolly.
Calyx surpassing the corolla, X i^^- ^oJ^g. the spine-tipped
divisions unequal, the longest twice the length of the strongly-
ribbed tube. Corolla magenta with slender tube, salver-form,
very small. Pod obovate, with several seeds. General Grant Park.

Collomia grandiflora Gray. Annual, with stout, erect stems
1-2 feet high, having short, flowering branches or none, pubes-
cent and glandular. Leaves lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, acute.
Flowers in heads terminating the branchlels and stems, leafy at
base. Corolla salmon-color, i in. long, salver-form, the border
y^ in. across. Kings River Canon, Millwood.

Collomia linearis Nutt. Annual, branching near the top or
simple, less than a foot high, pubescent and glandular. Leaves
linear-lanceolate, pointed, sessile, increasing in size towards the
summit. Flowers in heads on short peduncles, generally sur-
passed by the surrounding leaves. Corolla small, pink, salver-
form, with the tube thread-like. Kings River, near Bubbs Creek.

Gilia gilioides Benth. Annual, with slender, weak, branch-
ing stems, glandular pubescent. Leaves once or twice divided

Flora of South Fork of Kiyigs River. 69

■with lanceolate, entire or toothed divisions ; upper leaves simple,
tapering to a petiole. Flowers at first in few-flovrered clusters,
later becoming panicled. Divisions of the calyx narrowly linear,
pointed, longer than the tube, glandular-villous. Corolla salver-
form, pink, with the slender tube twice as long as the calyx and
limb very small. Pod globular, minutely pitted, surpassing the
calyx tube. General Grant Park, Millwood.

Qilia leptalea Gray. Annual, slender, with very slender, pan-
icled branches, 2 or 3 in. to a foot or more high, viscid pubescent.
Leaves narrowly linear, entire, pointed, about an inch long.
Flowers ^ in. long, terminating slender branches. Calyx small,
with slender lobes as long as the tube. Corolla funnel-form, with
the tube much longer than the calyx widening from the thread-
like base to the funnel-form throat ; divisions oblong. Stamens
exserted from the throat of the corolla. Pod oblong. General
Grant Park, Bearskin Meadow, Millwood.

Qilia staminea Greene. Annual, branching, 1-2 ft. high, glan-
dular and sparingly clothed with woolly hairs. Leaves in a clus-
ter at base, with 7-1 1 slender divisions which are entire or lobed ;
petioles dilated at base ; stem leaves few, similar but sessile.
Flowers in heads which are somewhat paniculate on long and very
slender peduncles, having sometimes a minute bract near the mid-
dle, bractlets none. Divisions of the calyx tipped with a short
bristle, white or bluish. Corolla pale blue, the tube a little
longer than the calyx ; divisions obovate-oblong, narrow. Sta-
mens with white anthers conspicuously exserted. Pods globular,
as long as the cal}TC. Seeds developing mucilage and spiral
threads. Kings River Canon from the summit down, on the dry
hill side.

Gilia virgata floribunda Gray. Annual with several stems
from the base, a few inches to a foot high, somewhat clothed with
cottony pubescence which becomes dense on the inflorescence.
Leaves with from 5-7 almost thread-like divisions with the apex
spine-tipped. Flowers in heads terminating the stems and
branches ; bracts and caljrx densely clothed with cottony wool at
base, with linear spiny divisions. Corolla salver-form, violet blue,
almost an inch long, the divisions half as long as the tube which
is twice as long as the calyx. Stamens and style conspicuously
exserted from the corolla. Pod linear-oblong, with few seeds.
Near Millwood and Converse Basin. A very beautiful species.

Gilia pungens Hookeri Gray. Low and shrubby, forming
perennial mats a few inches high. Stems densely clothed with
clustered leaves ; these palmately cleft with the divisions spine-

yo Sierra Club Publications.

pointed, the longest less than y, in. Flowers solitary, terminat-
ing short branchlets surrounded by a tuft of leaves. Calyx
almost as long as the corolla tube, with the divisions very short
and spine-tipped. Corolla pink or while, salver-form, less than yi
in. long, with the border 3 in. in diameter of obovate divisions.
Only the tops of the anthers exserted from the throat of the
corolla. This grows on rocky summits, and was collected at East
Lake, Bubbs Creek, and on the summit above Kings River Canon.

Gilia sparsiflora Eastwood. Annual with slender stems,
branching above, a foot or so high, minutely glandular. Leaves
few, terete from the infolding of the margins, about an inch long,
tipped with a short bristle. Flowers few, solitary, or few in a
cluster. Calyx densely clothed with white cottony wool, the
divisions as long as the corolla tube, unequal, spine-tipped.
Corolla salver-form, with some purple dots in the throat, less than
yi in. long. Stamens exserted from the throat of the corolla.
Pod oblong. Bubbs Creek.

Linanthus montanus Greene. Annual, with many branches
from the base, or simple, about 6 in. high ; stems sparsely leaved,
pale with an appressed or spreading pubescence. Leaves clasp-
ing and united at base, pinnately divided into about 5 narrowly
oblanceolate divisions, spine-tipped, hispid especially on the
margins ; bracts similar. Flowers crowded in heads, terminating
the branches. Calyx % in., with tube twice as long as the divi-
sions, sparingly hairy and glandular, divisions very narrow,
spine-tipped, with long, fine hairs on the margins. Corolla
salver-form, with slender tube an inch long and spreading border
X in. across, pink with yellow throat and purple dots at base of
the obovate lobes. Pod obovate, pointed at base. This beautiful
little plant is abundant at Millwood and in many places along the
trails.

Linanthus bicolor Greene. Tiny annuals an inch or so high,
generally simple, hispid. Leaves in bunches, divided into linear,
spine-tipped, 3-veined divisions, hispid on the margins. Flowers
crowded into a head surrounded by bracts and leaves. Calyx
with linear, spine-tipped divisions. Corolla pink or red, with
thread-like tube which is about half an inch long ; border small
and spreading. Often very abundant ; collected at Bubbs Creek.

Phlox occidentalis Durand. Perennial from creeping roots,
branching, glandular pubescent. Leaves lanceolate, sessile and
clasping at base, 1-2 .in. long, pointed, often sickle-shaped.
Flowers in cymes at the ends of the branches on pedicels half as
long as the calyx. Calyx tubular, _^ in. long, the tube half the

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 7 1

entire length. Corolla white or pink, salver-form, with broad,
obcordate lobes forming the border which is 'i/i in. wide. Ovary
oblong-linear. Millwood, under the trees, blooming in the spring.

Phlox Douglasii Hook. Much branched from a woody base,
forming mats. Leaves crowded, clasping at base, almost terete,
spine-tipped. Flowers solitary, terminating short stems. Calyx
about X ill- ^oiig) with the tube woolly pubescent as long as the
divisions ; these stiff, terete, spine-tipped, woolly-ciliate. Corolla
salver-form, pink or white, the tube equaled by the calyx, the
obovate lobes half as long. This covers the ground sometimes
for yards in extent and grows not far below timber line. Bull-
frog Lake.

Microsteris sp. Low, much branched, glandular-pubescent.
Leavesi linear-lanceolate, entire, sessile, an inch or less long,
pointed. Flowers small in the upper axils, on slender pedicels.
Calyx divisions extending almost to the base, with membranous
margins, spine-tipped, almost as long as the slender corolla.
Corolla salver-form, pink or white, with small border of rounded
divisions, the tube widening somewhat at the throat. Seeds flat,
3, margined, the embryo distinctly seen within the coats. Bubbs
Creek.

Polemonium eximium Greene. Mountain Verbena,
Stems tufted from a tap-root, forming bunches varying in size,
clothed at base by the dry, densely clustered bases of former
leaves ; glandular pubescent and viscid throughout. Leaves
linear in outline, on long margined petioles dilated at base ; twice
compound, with the divisions minute and closely folded on each
other ; stem leaves with short petioles or none. Flowers crowded
in a head terminating the stem, an inch or more in diameter.
Calyx bell-shaped, with the divisions not quite so long as the
purplish tube, oblong-linear, obtuse. Corolla bluish purple,
salver-form, the tube a little longer than the divisions of the
calyx ; divisions orbicular, X i^i- wide. This is the most showy
plant above timber line. It is sweet scented and abundant, grow-
ing amid the rocks. Kearsarge Pass and Harrisons Pass.

72 Sierra Cluh Publications.

HYDROPHYLLACE/E. Baby-Eyes Family.

KEV TO THE Gd»iERA.

LEAVES OPPOSITE.

Annuals.

stamens not projecting beyond the corolla ; calyx with a reflexed
tooth or lobe between the divisions ; corolla saucer-shaped or
bell-shaped, with appendages on the inside ; flowers axillary.
Nemophila, Baby-Eyes.

Perennial.

stamens unequal, inserted low down in the tube of the corolla ;
corolla tubular-funnel-form, without appendages within ; flow-
ers in cymes Draperia.

LEAVES ALTERNATE.

Ovary i-celled, corolla convolute in the bud.

Hydrophyllum, Water-Leaf, Bears-Cabbage.
Ovary 2-celled, corolla imbricated in the bud. . . Phacelia.

Nemophila maculata Benth. Low, with decumbent stems
branching chiefly from the root, soft hairy throughout. Leaves
3-5-lobed, wedge-shaped at base and tapering to a broad petiole.
Corolla an inch across, sometimes less in starved specimens, white
with a purple spot at the top of each division, veined with purple
near the base. Stamens with purple anthers and ribbon-like
filaments. Millwood.

Nemophila insignis Dougl. Baby Blue-Eyes. Corolla
blue, paler at the center, nearly an inch in diameter. Stamens
short, with thread-like filaments and brownish anthers. Mill-
wood ; not common.

Nemophila inconspicua Eastwood. This is a minutely flow-
ered species found in the wet meadows.

Nemophila quercifolia Eastwood. Another minutely flow-
ered species with the leaves almost orbicular, lobed. This grows
under the conifers near Millwood.

Nemophila pulchella Eastwood. A small-flowered species
with the flowers almost wheel-shaped, bright blue, numerous and
conspicuous. Stems weak and branching, often supported by
other plants. Near Millwood.

Draperia systyla Torr. Stems many from woody roots, a
foot or less high, leafy, with short branches, clothed with ap-
pressed white hairs. Leaves ovate, acute, inch or less long, with
petioles generally shorter than the blades. Flowers in 2-3-forked
short spikes, crowded, on slender pedicels. Divisions of the calyx

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 73

narrowly linear, not so long as the tube of the corolla but much
surpassing the pod. Corolla pale violet, tubular-funnel-form, the
lobes short and round without appendages at base of tube. Sta-
mens unequal and unequally inserted, included in the corolla
tube. Style 2-cleft at apex. Pod hairy, with thin membranous
walls, containing 4 seeds. Millwood, in the shade.

Hydrophyllum occidentale Watsoni Gray. Perennial from
fleshy, clustered roots, almost stemless, with the leaves mostly
from the root, hispid throughout with white hairs. Leaves broad,
pinnately divided into 5-9 parts, the upper ones running into
each other ; petioles thick, longer than the blades, together 5-8
in. long and almost as broad ; lobes broadly oblong, i in. long,
mucronate. Flowers in head-like clusters on long peduncles sur-
passing the leaves. Divisions of the calyx lanceolate, veiny, en-
larging on age, about as long as the corolla and much surpassing
the pod. Corolla bell-shaped, violet or whitish, )/% in. long, with
rounded lobes almost as long as the tube, the narrow appendages
extending almost the entire length of the tube and folding in-
wards. Stamens and style exserted ; filaments clothed with long^
hairs near the middle ; anthers narrowly oblong-linear. Style
2-cleft. Pod globular, containing generally but one seed marked
with a mesh -like veil. Millwood, in the shade, blooming in the
spring.

Phacelia ramosissinia Dougl. Vervenia. Perennial, with
long, spreading, decumbent branches, viscid pubescent and some-
what hispid. Leaves with 5-9, oblong, dentate to irregularly cut
pinnate divisions; lower ones 6 in. long, somewhat diminishing
upwards. Flowers almost sessile in short, dense, 2-3-forked,
scorpioid spikes, terminating the branches. Calyx with oblance-
olate, unequal, very narrow divisions loosely investing the capsule
and surpassing it. Corolla tubular-bell-shaped, pale violet or
whitish, larger than the calyx, the lobes rounded. Stamens and
style smooth, exserted. The appendages on the corolla tube ex-
tend from the insertion of the stamens to the throat and are like
the blade of a knife and attached the whole length. Pod oblong,
pointed ; seeds keeled on one side, with a central ridge on the
other, pitted. General Grant Grove, Bubbs Creek.

Phacelia hydrophylloides Torr. Perennial, from creeping
rootstocks, branching, about a foot high, viscid throughout and
clothed with fine pubescence and longer hairs, rather weak and
straggling. Leaves ovate to oblong, the upper entire, lower
coarsely dentate or lobed or with one or two leaflets near the
petiole. Flowers on short pedicels, crowded into clustered spikes

74 Sierra Club Publications.

forming a head-like bunch, not elongating in fruit, terminating
the stems, with peduncles distinct. Divisions of the calyx nar-
rowly-linear, very hispid, as long as the corolla tube. Corolla
violet-blue, open-bell-shaped, hispid externally, smooth within,
lobes rounded, appendages extending from the insertion of the
stamens almost to the throat, free at top. Stamens and style ex-
serted ; filaments smooth ; style deeply 2-parted, hairy below the
divisions. Pod elliptical, tipped with a short point, viscid pubes-
cent, about as long as the calyx ; seeds m.any, rich chestnut
brown, glossy, irregularly angled, finely pitted. Converse Basin,
Millwood.

Phacelia Eisenii Brandegee. Annual, 1-3 in. high, branch-
ing from the base, clothed with stiff hairs. Leaves elliptical to
oblong, on petioles of almost equal length, together about an
inch, entire, obtuse. Flowers in short racemes on hair-like pedi-
cels. Calj'x with narrow, linear-oblanceolate divisions, becoming
very narrow towards the base, unequal, twice as long as the pod.
Corolla blue, open-bell-shaped, somewhat surpassing the calyx.
Stamens and pistil not exserted, smooth. Pod ovoid, pointed,
minutely hairy ; seeds 2, pitted.

Phacelia Purpusii Brandegee. Annual, a few inches to
more than a foot high, branching, hairy and glandular. Leaves
oblong to ovate, an inch or two long, including the short petioles,
3-nerved from the base, obtuse or acute. Flowers all on one side
of the spicate racemes, which sometimes lengthen to 8 in. in fruit ;
pedicels short. Calyx with leaf-like, spatulate to obovate divi-
sions, tapering to a thread-like base, unequal, enlarging in fruit.
Corolla violet, open-bell-shaped, a little longer than the calyx ;
appendages long, united at the base of the stamens. Stamens
somewhat bearded at base, together with the 2-cleft style extend-
ing beyond the corolla. Pod hairy, pointed ; seeds generally 6,
brown, pointed at one end, deeply pitted. Millwood and Big
Boulder Creek.

Phacelia mutabilis Greene. Biennial or perennial, with
stems simple or branched from the base, 1-3 ft. high, erect, finely
viscid pubescent and hispid, with long, spreading white hairs,
green, not canescent. Leaves simple or compound ; when the
latter, with the upper leaflet much the larger, acute ; petioles as
long as the blades, together 3-5 in. Spikes from the upper axils,
generally branched, peduncled, strongly scorpioid, elongating in
fruit. Flowers on short, hair-like pedicels. Calyx with narrowly-
linear divisions spreading slightly, dilated at the top, twice as long
as the pod. Corolla pale lilac to white, tubular, with the divi-

Flora of Sotith Fork of Kings River. 75

sions rounded and tube as long as the calyx. Stamens and style
much exserted, the former clothed with white hairs. Pod hispid,
ovate-acuminate ; seeds 4, brown, deeply pitted.

Near this is another form with canescent foliage, strongly
veined, acuminate leaves, which are densely clustered at the
base of the stem ; spikes terminal and axillary of closely imbri-
cated flowers, smaller in all their parts than the preceding ; calyx
divisions densely hispid and acute, equaling the tubular corolla,
surpassing the rounded pod. The flowers are sessile and the
spikes elongate but little ; otherwise the same as the preceding.
These were both collected on Bubbs Creek trail.

Phacelia sp. Leaves all simple, elliptical, acute, forming a
tuft at base ; petioles equaling the blade, together 1-3 in. long.
Stems almost without leaves ; spikes panicled, peduncled.
Flowers crowded on pedicels half as long as the calyx, slender.
Divisions of the calyx elliptical ovate, not veiny, pubescent and
hispid with long, stiff, marginal bristles. Corolla whitish, veiny,
tubular, surpassing the calyx ; the divisions rounded. Bubbs
Creek.

Phacelia sp. Leaves all basal, the upper leaflet elliptical,
acute, the lateral lobes adherent for their entire length and
tapering, so that they are cordate wedge-shaped in outline, ca-
nescent and hispid ; panicle with 2-3 spreading branches. Flowers
on short pedicels ; calyx with ovate, lanceolate divisions, veiny
and hispid, surpassing the whitish corolla and the pod. Bubbs
Creek. Phacelia viutabilis as well as the form that follows
might all be included under P. circinata. The material is not
sufl&cient for satisfactory determination. It is very desirable that
all the forms of this exceedingly variable group of species be
collected in ample specimens.

Phacelia stimulans Eastwood. Stinging Phacelia.
Stems tall, from a branched caudex, becoming 2-3 feet high ;
erect, with few leaves on the stem, those at base in a tuft ; viscid
pubescent throughout and clothed with stinging hairs. Spikes
loosely panicled, simple or forked, horizontally spreading. Divi-
sions of the calyx oblong-spatulate, hispid, net-veined, shorter
than the whitish corolla, surpassing the pod. Corolla tubular,
with the lobes coming together in fruit and persisting, held
to the calyx by the tangled stamens and style which are long
exserted and the latter conspicuously white woolly. Pod ovate,
pointed, hispid ; seeds pitted, not glossy, brown, ovate. Kings
River Canon.

76 Sierra Chib Publications.

BORAQINE/E. Borage Family.

KEY TO THE Gd«ESCA.

Nutlets broad, flattened, roundish, covered all over with barbed
prickles, much extended beyond the area of insertion, gener-
ally not all maturing ; crests in the throat of corolla conspicu-
ous ; stout and coarse perennials, with blue, greenish, or
purplish flovrers. . Cynoglossiim, Hound's Tongue.

Nutlets erect and parallel with the style, armed on the sides and
in ridges on the back with barbed prickles forming burrs ;
flowers similar to the preceding, blue, white or pink. Peren-
nial herbs Lappula, Forget-Me-Not.

Nutlets erect, smooth or warty, scar of insertion generally forked
at base; flowers small, white, with crests in the throat of the
corolla ; annuals. . Cryptanthe, White Forget-Me-Not.

Nutlets oblique, with the scar of insertion raised and rounded,
hollow or solid ; flowers white, with crests in the throat ot
the corolla ; herbage staining the paper violet ; annuals.
Plagiobothrys, Pop-Corn Flower.

Cynoglossum viride Eastwood. Stems i-several, from a
woody root, about a foot high, densely leaved to the peduncle,
pale gray with a closely appressed, white pubescence. Leaves
oblanceolate, to linear and ovate, the lower ones on margined
petioles 6 in. long, the upper sessile by a broad cordate-clasping
base ; mid-vein prominent. Flowers in head-like clusters at the
ends of the 2-6-inch long peduncles. Calyx with obtuse divisions
as long as the tube of the corolla, }i in. Corolla funnel-form,
greenish, the short border surpassing the calyx. Nutlets gener-
ally more than X iii- i^i diameter. This blooms in May, and will
be found in fruit in July. Converse Basin, Millwood.

Lappula diffusa Qreene. Stems several from a woody cau-
dex, 1-2 ft. high. Radical leaves oblanceolate, on long margined
petioles, 6 in. long and ^ in. wide, pale with a closely appressed,
white pubescence ; stem leaves diminishing towards the top,
clasping at base, obtuse. Flowers panicled loosely ; pedicels
generally longer than the calyx, which is open bell-shaped and yi
in. long with narrow, obtuse divisions. Corolla salver- form, pink
or blue, the tube surpassing the calyx and the border, ^'s in- in
diameter ; folds in the throat conspicuous. General Grant Park ;
not common.

Cryptanthe geminata Qreene. Annual, with the stems
much branched, about a foot high, the branches slender, gener-
ally 2-forked. Flowers white, very small. Nutlets not all matur-
ing, ovate pointed, smooth and glossy, light brown and mottled.
Millwood.

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 77

Cryptanthe flaccida Greene. Stems rather stout, branching
chiefly above, with slender, weak branches, 1-2 ft. high. Flowers
minute, sessile, appressed to the stem in fruit ; only one nutlet
maturing, this similar to the preceding but more pointed.

Cryptanthe ambigua Greene. Annual, branching, 1-2 ft.
high. Flowers white, chiefly at the ends of the branchlets, these
usually 2-forked. Segments of the calyx long and linear, spread-
ing at top. Nutlets shining, covered sparsely with little warts as
well as minute papillae. Kings River Canon, Bubbs Creek,
Millwood.

Cryptanthe vitrea Eastwood. Stems branching, less than a
foot high ; leaves and flowers dense. Corolla minute. Calyx
becoming orbicular in fruit. Nutlets 4, with 3 ridges on the back,
one central and one at each side, covered closely with glossy
warts. Bubbs Creek.

Plagiobothrys Torreyi Gray. Branching from the base
with slender, weak stems, ascending or procumbent. Flowers
small, axillary, from almost all the axils. Nutlets keeled on the
back and marked with glossy transverse ridges, pale gray, the
apices coming together to form a Maltese cross. General Grant
Park.

VERBENACE/E. Verbena Family.

Verbena prostrata R. Br. Stems branching from the root,
1-2 ft. high, generally erect, clothed throughout with white,
spreading hairs. Leaves opposite, with petioles clasping at base ;
the blades toothed or lobed. Flowers in a terminal spike, slen-
der, elongating with age. Flowers blue, very small, about >^ in.
long. Near Bearskin Meadow.

LABIAT/E. Mint Family.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

Flowers in terminal heads, having conspicuous involucres ;
corolla with upper lip 2-cleft and lower 3-parted into linear
lobes ; stamens 4, projecting beyond the corolla, unequal ;
annuals or perennials. . Monardella, Pennyroyal.

Flowers in spikes at the ends of the stems ; stamens 4, unequal ;
corolla with the upper lip 2-lobed at the top, lower 3-lobed with
the middle lobe crenate ; perennial herbs.
Lophanthus, Giant Hyssop.

Flowers axillary ; stamens 4, the lower pair with anthers i-celled,
the upper with anthers 2-celled; calyx helmet-shaped; corolla
with an arched upper lip, lower lip entire ; perennial herbs.

Scutellaria, Skull-cap.

7 8 Sierra Club Publications.

Flowers almost sessile, in scattered whorls ; stamens 4, with all
the anthers 2-celled ; corolla with tube not dilated at the
throat, upper lip arched, the lower spreading, 3-lobed ; peren-
nial herbs Stachys, Woundwort.

Annuals or perennials. Flowers in dense, usually i-sided axil-
lary cymes ; corolla with slender tube, 5-parted, the divisions
in bud forming a roundish ball which encloses the stamens ;
stamens 4, spirally coiled in the bud, conspicuously protruding
from the open corolla. . . Trichostema, Blue Curls.

Monardella odoratissima Benth. Perennial, from a woody
root. Stems many from the root, generally simple, a foot or two
high ; whole plant canescent with a pale, close pubescence.
Leaves opposite, ovate, more or less distant, varying much in
size, on short petioles. Flowers in heads terminating the stems ;
calyx teeth clothed with fine, dense hairs within and without.
Corolla lavender or rose color, 2-lipped, the upper lip entire, the
lower 3-cleft. Stamens 4, extending beyond the corolla. This
has a strong odor of pennyroyal. Bubbs Creek and Converse
Basin, and General Grant Park.

Monardella lanceolata Gray. Annual, a foot or so high,
with widely spreading opposite branches, few-leaved, slightly
canescent ; leaves lanceolate, an inch or so long, narrow, on short
petioles. Heads terminating the branches, with bracts of the
involucre ovate, tinged with rose color, marked with longitudinal
veins crossed with veinlets. Calyx teeth hairy. Corolla rose
color, longer than the calyx. Stamens 4, together with the style
extending beyond the corolla. Millwood, Bubbs Creek.

Lophanthus urticifolius Benth. Stems tall, erect, simple or
branching. Leaves distant, ovate, pointed, dentate, canescent,
on short petioles. Blades 1-2 inches long, 1-1.5 inches wide.
Flowers clustered in long spikes somewhat interrupted at the
base, and with clusters often in the lower leaf axils. Calyx teeth
white or rose color, membranous, narrowly pointed ; upper lip of
rose-colored corolla 2-lobed, lower 3-cleft, its broad, middle lobe
crenate. Stamens 4, in two pairs which cross each other, much
exserted. Millwood and Bubbs Creek.

Scutellaria siphocampyloides Vatke. Stems less than a
foot high, clothed with glandular hairs ; leaves linear-oblong,
those at base cordate and toothed. Flowers purplish-blue ; calyx
with conspicuous spur ; corolla tube slender, half as long as the
whole, the lower lip not hairy on the inner side, only slightly
pubescent. Bubbs Creek, Millwood.

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 79

Scutellaria Bolanderi Gray. Stems several from the root,
leafy, with the leaves overlapping, ovate, sessile, au inch or less
long, the lower crenate or dentate. Flowers shorter than the
leaves ; corolla tube short, with a broad throat, whitish or cream
color. Millwood.

Stachys albens Gray. Stems tall, generally simple, densely
clothed with white wool. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, an inch or
two long, almost sessile, crenate, distant. Flowers almost sessile
in an interrupted spike, which is slender and wand-like with the
bracts diminishing upwards. Calyx densely woolly ; corolla
white with purple dots, smooth except for the hairy beard on
the back of the upper lip. Millwood, Bubbs Creek, and Kings
River Canon in swampy places.

Trichostema oblongum Benth. Annual, with low, simple
or branching stems, slender, hairy. Leaves ovate-elliptical, about
an inch long, on very short petioles. Flowers in short clusters
in the leaf-axils ; calyx divisions narrowly pointed, very hairy ;
corolla dark blue, very small, scarcely longer than the calyx ;
flowers almost sessile. Big Boulder Creek, Millwood.

RUBIACE/E. Madder Famii^y.

Galium tinctorium submontanum Wight. Krect, with
slender branches, angles of the stem stiff-hairy. Leaves 4, 5, 6 in
a whorl, with margins and midrib rough. Flowers with corolla
3-4 parted, very small, on pedicels that are hair-like and recurve
in fruit ; fruit smooth. East Lake.

Galium sparsiflorum Wight. Perennial, with branching
stems erect or reclining, a foot or two long, smooth. Leaves in
4's unequal, oval to ovate, yi in. or less long, mucronate, thin.
Flowers minute, axillary or terminal on hair-like pedicels ; fruit
smooth. Bubbs Creek, Converse Basin ; growing in shady places.

Galium subscabridum Wight. Perennial, erect, branching,
a foot or so high, rather scabrous. Leaves oval to ovate, thin and
somewhat papery, yi in. or less long, i-nerved. Flowers solitary
in the upper axils. Fruit smooth on recurved, rather stout
pedicels. Millwood.

Galium pubens Gray. Stems many from creeping branches
a foot or so high, densely hispid with white spreading hairs like
small bristles ; leaves oval to ovate, %-% in. long and half as
broad. Flowers reddish, almost sessile, generally 3 in a cluster.
Fruit smooth. Bubbs Creek.

8o Sierra Club Publicatio?is.

Galium triflorum Michx. Low annual, about 6 in. higli,
generall}' simple, hispid with sparse spreading bristle pubescence.
Leaves linear, 3-7, }i in. or less long, sweet scented when dry ;
fruits covered with fine, hooked spines. Millwood.

Galium bifolium Watson. Annual, with slender stems, less
than a foot high, smooth. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 2, opposite.
Fruit clothed with hooked spines, recurved at the ends of the
peduncles, solitary in the axils.

Galium multiflorum Kellogg. Perennial, from a somewhat
woody base rough with a scabrous pubescence. Leaves ovate to
orbicular, 4 in a whorl, 3-nerved, %-% in. in diameter. Flowers
sessile or on short pedicels. Fruit densely clothed with white,
straight bristles. East Lake.

Kelloggia galioides Torr. Perennial, from creeping, slender
root-stocks, slender and branching, generally smooth, a foot or so
high. Leaves opposite, with stipules. Flowers small, in pan-
icles terminating the branches. Calyx tubular, with short tube
and minute teeth ; corolla reddish-purple, funnel-form, with
spreading border, generally with 4 divisions, yi in. across. Fruit
dry, covered with hooked bristles, separating into 2 parts. Near
Millwood, and in other places under the conifers.

CAPRIFOLIACE^E. Honeysuckle Family.

KEV XO THE GKI^JERA.

SHRUBS OR WOODY VINES.
Style slender, stigma one.

Corolla irregular. . . . Lonicera, Honeysuckle.
Corolla regular, berry with 2 seeds.
Symphoricarpos, Snowberry.

TREES OR SHRUBS.

Style scarcely evident, stigmas 3.

Corolla regular, star-shaped, small ; flowers numerous in com-
pound cymes Sambucus, Elder.

Lonicera involucrata Banks. Shrub from 3-several feet
high, with light gray, shreddy bark on the older parts, the
younger stems covered with yellow glands. Leaves on short
petioles, ovate, pointed, glandular, ciliate, about 2 in. long.
Peduncles less than an inch long, 2-flowered. Bracts 2, separate,
forming an involucre which later encloses the two black berries.
Corolla tubular- funnel- form, yellow but often tinged with red, ^

Flora of Soiith Fork of Kiyigs River. 8i

in. long, with the lobes almost equal, glandular and hairy. The
bracts are leaf-like, ovate, ^ in. long, glandular and hairy,
pointed, with the margin undulate and with fine teeth besides ;
they generally turn red and are enlarged when the berries are
ripe. The berries are about the size of peas and are not edible.
Bubbs Creek.

Lonicera interrupta Benth. Bushy with long, slender
branches, scarcely twining. Leaves bright green on the upper
surface, paler on the lower, the lower on short petioles, ovate to
oblong, an inch or so long and almost as wide, upper leaves
broader and united at base forming a perfoliate leaf. Flowers in
interrupted spikes from the upper axils, yellow, 2-lipped, several
in each whorl. Bubbs Creek and Kings River.

Symphoricarpos mollis Nutt. var. Shrub with diffuse
stems and often trailing branches ; stems dark brown, shreddy.
Leaves paler on the lower surface, clothed on both sides with a
soft pubescence, oblong to orbicular, on short petioles, generally
irregularly lobed with obtuse divisions. Flowers small, but little
more than yi in., bell-shaped, thick in texture, pink. Berries
white, as large as peas. Converse Basin, and in other places on
the trails.

Sambucus glauca Nutt. Elder. Tree or shrub with com-
pound leaves ; leaflets unequal at base, oblong to elliptical, about
2 in. long, finely toothed, pointed. Flowers white in ample
flat-topped panicles. Berries black, covered with a bluish bloom
which rubs off. Kings River Canon.

LOBELIACE/E. Lobelia Family.

Nemacladus montanus Qreene. Annual, about a foot high,
with many stems branching diffusely, slender and zig-zag with
the pedicels from the minute alternate leaves forming 2 ranks all
along the stems, half an inch long, bent upward near the flower.
Corolla minute 2-lipped, the lower lip 3 and the upper lip
2-parted. Filaments joined above the middle. Style incurved at
tip, stigma 2-lobed. Pod 2-celled, splitting from the top, the seeds
numerous. Millwood.

82 Sierra Club Publications.

COMPOSIT/E. Sunflower Family.

KEV TO THE GEI«(ERA.

HEADS WITH BOTH RAY AND DISK FLOWERS.
Leaves opposite.

Entire plant clothed with cottony wool ; heads medium, with the
bracts of the involucre keeled ; pappus of papery scales.

Eriophyllum, Cotton-batting Plant.

Heads large, with conspicuous rays ; pappus soft, white, hair-like.
Arnica.

Heads large, with conspicuous rays which become reflexed and
papery; persistent; pappus none; flowers glandular.
Whitneya.

Leaves alternate.

BRACTS OF THE INVOLUCRE IN ONE ROW.

Rays not yellow.

Heads of medium size, with narrow rays ; pappus fine, hair-like.
(There are some species without rays and some with the bracts
of the involucre in more than one row.)
Erigeron, Mountain Daisy.

Rays yellow.

Heads large, with reflexed rays ; the disk flowers on a globular

center ; pappus of 4 or 5 papery scales.

Helenium, Sneeze- weed.

Heads small or medium, usually numerous; pappus abundant,

soft and hair-like. . Senecio, Groundsel, Old Man.

BRACTS OF THE INVOLUCRE IN MORE THAN ONE ROW.

Heads of medium size, with conspicuous rays ; pappus fine and
abundant, hair-like; rays purplish, blue or white; tips of the
style long Aster.

Similar, but with the rays narrower, pappus less abundant, and
the style stipes short Erigeron.

Heads small and numerous, with few and small yellow rays ;
pappus soft, white, hair-like. . SolidagO, Goldenrod.

Heads large, with large, reflexed, yellow raj's ; disk flowers on a
large, cone-shaped center ; pappus a chafiy crown cut into four
irregular lobes. . . . Rudbeckia, Cone-fiower.

Heads medium, with short and narrow yellow rays ; pappus of 4
papery scales, generally fringed ; involucre glandular and
woolly ; Alpine plants. Hulsea.

Heads large, with conspicuous yellow rays and chaflfy scales mixed
with the disk flowers ; pappus chafly.
; Wyethia, Sunflower.

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 83

Heads large, with conspicuous yellow rays ; pappus none ; radical
leaves large, on long petioles, arrow-shaped.
Balsatnorrhiza, Balsam-root.

Heads medium, with conspicuous yellow or white rays; outer
bracts of involucre entirely enclosing the seeds; inner ones
surrounding the disk flowers ; pappus of soft hairs and chaflfy

^^=^1^^ • • • l.ayia. Tidy-tips.

Similar to the above but with rays always yellow ; without

P^PP"^ Madia, Tar-weed.

HEADS WITHOUT RAYS.

Disk flowers yellow or white, the outer ones enlarged so as to

seem like ray flowers ; pappus of papery scales ; leaves alter.

nate, more or less dissected Ch^enactis.

Heads small, with the bracts of the involucre papery and woolly,

in several rows ; flowers minute, hidden by the abundant, fine,

white pappus ; entire plant clothed with cottony wool ; leaves

often tufted at base.

• • ■ Antennaria, Everlasting, Immortelles.

Shrubs ; heads small, greenish, numerous ; involucres bell-shaped ;
pappus none. Generally aromatic, with lobed or divided
leaves. . . Artemisia, Sage-brush, Wormwood.

Low annuals, with linear, opposite leaves; entire plant glandu-
lar ; bracts of the small involucres enclosing the seeds ; disk
flowers few, yellow. . Harpaecarpus, Tiny Tar-weed.

Bracts of the involucre in more than one row, surpassing the
disk; leaves sessile Chrysopsis.

Bracts of the involucre in more than one row, shorter than the
disk flowers Erigeron.

Leaves and bracts of the involucre clothed with spines; heads
large, never yellow, with the bracts of the involucre in many
rows, one above the other ; pappus abundant and conspicuous,
white, soft and fine. . . Cnicus (Cirsium), Thistle.

ALL FLOWERS WITH RAYS.

Pappus fine, abundant and soft.

Leaves entire, chiefly from the base, clothed with long and

abundant hairs ; bracts of the involucre in one row.

Hieracium, Hawkweed.

Leaves large, once or twice irregularly cleft, those from the base

on long petioles ; smooth or clothed with cottony wool ; heads

medium, with the bracts in one row. . . . Crepis
Leaves all from the root, generally cleft or lobed ; heads large on

long stems; bracts of the involucre in several rows; pappus

soft and white, joined to the seed by a hair-like stem.

Agoseris, Dandelion.

Eriophyllum croceum Greene. Perennial, with many
stems from the root, about a foot high. Leaves wedge-shaped at

84 Sierra Club Publications.

base and tapering to broad petioles, lobed or toothed from about
the middle, exceedingly variable. Heads at the ends of long,
almost naked peduncles, >^-^ in. across ; rays short. Seeds of
the ray flowers without pappus but tipped with pale yellow at
each end ; those of the disk flowers with the pappus forming a
shallow cup, white-tipped at base, 4-angled. Millwood and Con-
verse Basin, under the trees.

Arnica foliosa Nutt. Stems erect, about a foot high, leafy,
grayish throughout from a white, cottony wool, glandular above.
Leaves at the base narrowed to broad petioles, lanceolate, veiny,
entire or toothed, 3-4 in. long; upper leaves sessile by broad,
clasping bases, diminishing upwards. Inflorescence cymosely
branching ; peduncles varying in length from 1-3 in. ; heads more
than an inch across, the rays 3-toothed at apex, yi in. long.
Seeds black, hairy with short, stifi" hairs; pappus almost plumose
under a good lens. Forks of Bubbs Creek, and in other places
along the trail up Bubbs Creek.

There is another species which was collected by Miss Catherine
E. Wilson near Bullfrog Lake ; but the specimen is too poor for
identification. It is a low plant with only one head, the leaves
are all petioled, the rays are short and inconspicuous. It seems
to be undescribed.

Whitneya dealbata Gray. Perennial, with several stems
from the root, hoary throughout from a dense, white, matted
pubescence, 1-2 ft. high, with the inflorescence branched. Leaves
at base lanceolate on long petioles, about as long as the blade,
together about 3 in., entire ; stem leaves narrow, sessile, united at
base. Heads 2-3 in. across, the rays 3-toothed at apex, becoming
more than an inch long and almost half an inch wide. This
handsome plant grows in the shade of the conifers, and was col-
lected in Converse Basin.

Heleniastrum rivulare Greene (Helenium). Stems tall,
stout, hollow, ribbed, 2-3 ft. high, lower part smooth, upper
sparingly clothed with white, curly hairs. Leaves lanceolate,
some more than 6 in. long, sessile, and with the blade running
down the stem, dotted with minute black glands, entire. Heads
on long peduncles, sometimes more than a foot long. Rays %, in.
or more long, wedge-shaped, with 3 or 4 blunt teeth at apex;
disk flowers tinged with reddish-purple, the disk becoming % in.
in diameter. This grows in wet places, and was collected at Gen-
eral Grant Park and along Kings River.

Heleniastrum Hoopesii O. Ktze. (Helenium). Stems
stout, 1-2 ft. high, growing in clumps generally, clothed with

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 85

cottony wool which becomes thinner with age. Leaves on stem
elliptical, sessile, 1-2 in. long, sparingly dentate on the margins,
with apex mucronate. Heads cymosely clustered at the summit
of the stem on long peduncles, lyi in. in diameter, rays 3-toothed
at apex, }i in. long, yi in. or a little more in width ; disk flowers
yellow. This is a handsome plant when in full bloom. It was
seen only near the forks of Bubbs Creek.

Senecio canus Hook. Stems perennial, about a foot high,
branching, leafy, clothed throughout with dense, white, cottony
wool. Leaves elliptical or oblong, on petioles about twice as long,
together about 2 in., 3-nerved from the base, entire. Heads
about }^ in. across, with rays % in. long, generally 3-toothed at
apex, yi in. wide. Bubbs Creek, near the forks.

Senecio aureus L. Stems simple to the inflorescence,
smooth, erect, 1-2 ft. high. Radical leaves on long petioles,
broadly oblong, and scalloped to lobed and much narrowed ; stem
leaves few, sessile, once or twice lobed, an inch or two long.
Peduncles long, leafy-bracted, with the bracts slightly clothed
with cottony wool ; heads about ^ in. across, with short rays.
This grows in the wet meadows, and was collected at Summit
Meadow.

Senecio Fremontii occidentals Gray. Stems many, from
woody creeping roots, branching diff"usely, with slender stems,
leafy, almost smooth and somewhat glaucous, about a foot high.
Leaves spatulate to oblanceolate, tapering to petioles, obtusely
toothed or lobed, with petioles about as long as the blade, to-
gether 1-2 in. Heads about ^ in. across, rays ^ in. long sharply
3-toothed. This grew in clumps on the trail to Bullfrog Lake.

Senecio lugens Richards var. Stems stout, 1-2 feet high,
with few leaves except at base, and heads cymosely panicled at
the summit of the stem. Basal leaves from lanceolate to broadly-
ovate, tapering to broad petioles, the blades 2-3 in. long, 1-2 in.
wide, irregularly toothed or jagged. Heads Yz-^/i in. wide, the
rays %, in. long, toothed at apex ; bracts of the involucre with
black tips. The inflorescence is close when in flower, becoming
spreading and open in fruit. Millwood, Bubbs Creek, Converse
Basin.

Aster Durbrowi Eastwood. Stems erect from creeping root-
stocks, J^-iK feet high, sparingly pubescent with white, woolly,
rather curly hairs. Leaves rather distant, generally shorter than
the internodes ; those at base narrowly lanceolate on long, broad
petioles, the stem leaves sessile. Heads about i_J^ in. across, with

86 Sierra Club Publications.

lilac rays % in. long; bracts of the involucre green and leaf-like.
This grows in the wet meadows and was collected at Horse Corral
Meadow.

Aster Andersonii Gray (Oreastrum Greene). Stems
erect from a tap-root, X-i ft. high, smooth, except near the head.
Leaves chiefly at the base, grass-like, pointed, 2-5 in. long; the
few on the stems similar but shorter. Heads terminating the
stems, solitary, an inch or more in diameter, with purple rays %
in. long, minutely toothed at apex ; bracts of the involucre often
tinged with reddish-purple. This is common in wet places and
was collected at Summit Meadow, Bullfrog Lake and Bubbs
Creek. The plants at the higher altitudes were much smaller,
with stems shorter and leaves narrower.

Erigeron frondeus Greene. Stems simple, a foot or so high,
erect, somewhat rough pubescent. Basal leaves elliptical, lance-
olate, on petioles about as long as the blades ; stem leaves ovate-
lanceolate, sessile, sharply serrate. Heads few, 1-4, on long,
bracted peduncles, i-i^ in. in diameter ; bracts of the involucre
very narrow, glandular and hairy, in a single row ; rays white,
very narrow, numerous, y^ in. long. In meadows and moist
places at the upper elevations. The only specimen from the
region was collected by Miss Catherine E. Wilson, with the
locality uncertain.

Erigeron ssilsuginosus angustifolius Gray. Stems erect,
simple, from creeping root-stocks, about a foot high, almost
smooth near the base but with an appressed pubescence above.
Radical leaves linear-oblanceolate, tapering, but without distinct
petiole, 1-3 in. long, strongly nerved, pointed at apex; stem
leaves similar but broader and shorter and distinctl}' sessile.
Heads few, 2-4, on long peduncles at the summit of the stem,
i-iJS^ in. in diameter; bracts of the involucre very narrow and
pointed, glandular but not hairy ; rays rose color, generally
3-toothed with narrow, sharply pointed teeth. This beautiful
Erigeron grows at the upper elevations, below timber-line. It
was collected on the upper part of Bubbs Creek.

Erigeron Breweri Gray. Stems woody and much branched
with slender, wand-like branches, erect, terminated with 1-3
heads, grayish-green with a close, rough, appressed pubescence.
Leaves linear, sessile, the longest about an inch long, obtuse,
becoming minute on the flowering stems. Heads 34^ inch in
diameter; bracts of the involucre in several rows, the smallest at
base, with a keeled, green, central ridge; rays purple, % in. long;

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 87

pappus tawny. Bubbs Creek, along the trail and at the junction
with Kings River.

There is a variety of this, without rays and with smaller heads,
which was collected on Bubbs Creek trail. The stems of this are
quite leafy.

Erigeron compositus Pursh, Low, forming mats a few
inches high, glandular and white hairy, the stems many from a
creeping root. Leaves chiefly radical, the small blades palmately
dissected at the ends of long and broad petioles, these varying to
more than an inch in length, very hairj' ; the divisions of the
blade obtuse, less than y% in. long, the entire blade about % in.
long and somewhat wider. Heads on sparingly leafy stems sur-
passing the radical leaves, 1-2 in. long ; bracts of the involucre
of the same length but in two rows, narrow, tipped with purple ;
rays almost thread-like, slightly surpassing the disk, pink or
white. This is an Alpine species and was collected only on
Harrisons Pass.

Chrysopsis Breweri Gray. The specimen was collected by
Mr. T. S. Braudegee in General Grant Park, and is too young for
accurate determination. It may be a new species. Stems 1-2 ft.
high from a half- woody base, glandular and slightly hairy,
branching above and with several stems from the base. Leaves
ovate, obtuse, sessile, 1-2 in. long, thin, entire or with few teeth.
Heads small, at the ends of slender, leafy branchlets. Bracts of
the involucre in several rows, parchment-like, tapering to slender
points, ciliate on the margins ; rays none ; pappus abundant.

Solidago multiradiata scopulorum Qray. Stems low, less
than a foot high, sparingly pubescent, leafy, terminated by a
close and short panicle of cymose heads. Basal leaves oblanceo-
late, tapering to margined petioles an inch or so long, entire or
slightly toothed, ciliate ; stem leaves ovate-lanceolate, sessile, Yz
inch or less long. Heads %~Y% in. in diameter ; bracts of the
involucre lanceolate, obtuse, nerved, ciliate; rays narrow, Y^ in.
long. Bubbs Creek.

Rudbeckia Californica Gray. Stems stout, 3 ft. or more
high, with few leaves and terminated by large heads on naked
peduncles, 1-2 ft. long. Leaves at base ovate-lanceolate on
long petioles almost as long as the blades, together 6-9 in. long,
undulately toothed, wedge-shaped at base, obtuse or pointed at
apes, hairy with a fine, closely appressed white pubescence ;
stem-leaves similar but more pointed and with much shorter
petioles, the uppermost becoming linear. Bracts of the involucre

88 Sierra Club Publications.

lanceolate- ovate, acute, varying in size ; rays i^ in. or more in
length, y^ in. wide, 3-toothed at apex; conelike center iX in.
long ; disk flowers brown. This grows in the wet meadows
along Kings River. The specimen which was collected is too
young for satisfactory determination, and more fully developed
specimens ought to be collected so as to show variation if there is
any. The specimens are quite diflferent in foliage from the type.

Hulsea algida Gray. Stems several, from woody roots, about
6 in. high, rather stout, woolly, glandular, terminated by solitary
heads almost ij4 in. in diameter. Leaves linear, sessile, generally
folded, toothed or entire, those at base sheathing the stem, twice
as long as the stem-leaves, 2-3 in. Involucre densely clothed
with white wool, with narrow, pointed bracts of about the same
length in several rows, often purple at tip ; rays }i in. long,
pointed, but little surpassing the broad, densely flowered disk.
Found only above timber line, collected on Kearsarge Pass and
Harrisons Pass.

Wyethia foliosa Congdon. Stems i-several, from a thick,
woody root, ashy throughout from a close, white, appressed
pubescence. Leaves lanceolate on broad petioles about half as
long as the blade, together 6 in. or more long, with the margin
wavy or entire. Heads solitary at the end of the stem on a long
peduncle, i^ in. in diameter ; involucre with the bracts tapering
to a point, of diff'erent lengths ; rays about Yz in. long, obtuse or
toothed at apex. Pappus a crown of chaffy scales and 2 long
awns, one reaching almost to the divisions of the corolla of the
disk flowers. Converse Basin,

Balsamorrhiza deitoidea Nutt. Leaves mostly at base,
large, arrow-shaped, the blades a foot or so long, 6-8 in. wide at
base, on petioles about half as long, clothed with a fine pubes-
cence. Flowering stems 1-2 ft. high with few large heads termin-
ating long, naked peduncles, a foot or more long ; stems with but
few leaves and these small, 1-2 in. long. Bracts of the involucre
ovate, pointed, in more than one row, ^ in. long. Heads 2 in.
in diameter, with the yellow rays ^ in. long, toothed at apex.
Bubbs Creek, in dry places, on the hill above Kings River. This
blooms soon after the snow melts, and in July is likely to be
found only in fruit.

Madia villosa Eastwood. Annual, erect, i>^ ft. high, simple
except at the inflorescence, glandular and thickly clothed with
fine, white, spreading hairs. Leaves linear, sessile, nerved, 1-3 in-
long, obtuse, rather thickly clothing the stem. Heads i-i^ in.
in diameter, the yellow rays 3-lobed half way to the base with

Flora of South Fork of Kings River. 89

linear lobes, often with a brown-purple spot at base, disk flowers
yellow, with purple anthers. Bubbs Creek, Converse Basin.

Layia glandulosa H. & A. Annual, with erect stems simple
below, branched at the inflorescence, often purplish, hairy and
clothed with hairs tipped with black glands. Lower leaves piu-
nately-lobed, linear in outline, the lobes short and blunt ; upper
leaves inclined to be entire. Heads from i to almost 2 inches in
diameter ; rays white, 3-lobed at apex ; pappus consisting of
some chafi"y scales and some soft, abundant white pappus which
becomes interlaced. This was collected on dry hills along Bubbs
Creek. It was almost past blooming in early July.

Layia elegans T. & Q. This is similar to the preceding but
is more difi"usely branched, the heads are smaller and the rays
entirely yellow. Bubbs Creek, on dry hills.

Harpaecarpus parvulus Greene. Annual, low, a few inches
high, branching diff"usely with numerous very slender stems,
glandular and white-hairy throughout, the glands on the flowers
black. Leaves linear, less than an inch long, % in. wide.
Heads minute with but few flowers, ^ in. high ; the bracts of the
involucre form ribs and contain the only seeds. Converse Basin,
Millwood.

Chaenactis glabriuscula DC. Annual, with stem generally
simple, with 1-3 heads terminating long, almost naked peduncles,
smooth except for some minute cottony wool. Leaves once or
rarely twice divided with linear lobes as wide as the axis. Bracts
of the involucre narrowh- oblong forming a bell-shaped involucre ;
heads % in. high ; outer flowers with broadly expanded corolla
limb appearing like ray-flowers, % in. long, yellow. Bearskin
Meadow.

Chaenactis Douglasii H. & A. Perennial, branching, i-iyi
ft. high, more or less clothed with cottony wool, often reddish.
Leaves once or twice pinnately divided with short, blunt lobes.
Heads panicled, almost ^ in. high, on peduncles 1-2 in, long.
Flowers white, the outer ones with limb not expanded ; pappus
silvery white, akenes black. Bracts of the involucre and ped-
uncles glandular, Bubbs Creek,

Antennaria alpina Qaertn. Low and forming mats, densely
clothed with white, cottony wool. Flowering stems 2-3 in. high
from amidst a bunch of short, leafy, non-flowering stems. Leaves
spatulate, ^ in, long, yi in. wide, tapering at base ; leaves on
flowering stems narrower, lanceolate, pointed. Heads sessile
and forming a globular head X~/^ i°- across ; bracts of the invo-

90 Sierra Club Publications.

lucre with white, thin, papery tips, the lower part black, very
woolly at base, sometimes greenish. Pappus dense, white and
soft. This grows only above timber line, and was collected on
Harrisons Pass.

Antennaria argentea Benth. Matted at base, the flowering
stems a foot or more high, slender, densely clothed with white
wool and terminated by a corymb-like panicle of white heads.
Leaves linear to oblanceolate, tapering to margined petioles, 2-3
in. long, ^ in. wide at base, diminishing upwards. Heads yl in.
high, the bracts of the involucre in many ranks, white and mem-
branous, silvery ; pappus very abundant, white. Kings River
Caiion.

Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh. Perennial, with many
stems in clusters, branched, smooth, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves simple
and linear or lobed at apex with linear lobes. Heads in spread-
ing panicles about a foot long, small, on recurved, hair-like pedi-
cels ; bracts of the involucre green, with papery margins ; the
entire head y% in. in diameter ; the involucre bell-shaped, enclos-
ing the brownish-green flowers. Bubbs Creek.

Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Black Sage, Sage-Brush.
Shrubby, with spreading woody stems, entirely clothed with a
while, closely appressed, silvery pubescence. Leaves wedge-
shaped, tapering to a base, an inch or so long, with generally 3
rather deep teeth at apex. Bubbs Creek.

Cnicus Tioganus Congdon. Without a stem and the heads
closely clustered and surrounded by the leaves like eggs in a nest,
or with a short, thick stem, the leaves clustered around the ses-
sile heads in the same manner. Leaves about 6 in. long, narrow
and very spiny, whiter on the lower than the upper surface from
the more dense, cottony wool. Heads i^ in. high, with the
bracts of the involucre smooth except for the ciliate margins ;
spines yellow, not very rigid. Flowers pink or white. This
grew in a wet place on the trail up Bubbs Creek,

Cnicus Californicus Gray. Stems 2-3 ft. high, leafy, espec-
ially at base, densely clothed with white, cottony wool ; the
Tieads terminating the branches. Lower leaves lobed, with the
divisions tipped with short spines ; upper merely wavy, spiny-
ciliate, whiter on the lower than the upper surface. Involucre an
inch broad at base ; heads i^ in. high. Bracts short and tipped
with short spines, ciliate and somewhat clothed with cotton.
Flowers white or rose color. Bubbs Creek.

Besides these there are several undetermined forms which in

Flora of SoiUh Fork of Kings River. 91

the present knowledge of the genus it seems impossible to decide
upon. One is related to Ctiicus occidentalis and another to C.
Drummondii. All were collected on the trail up Bubbs Creek.

Hieracium albiflorutn Hook. Stems simple except for the
panicled heads, 1-2 ft. high, smooth. Leaves chiefly radical,
forming a rosette at base of stem, oblanceolate to obovate, sessile,
2-3 in. long, clothed with long, brownish hairs ; stem leaves few,
oblong-lanceolate, acute, sessile. Heads y% in. high, with the
bracts of the involucre thin, hairy and glandular, about equaling
the pappus ; flowers white, with the rays 4-toothed ; the styles and
stamens conspicuously exserted ; pedicels slender and smooth, an
inch or less long. Converse Basin, under the trees.

Hieracium horridum Fries. Low, a foot or so high, with
many stems from a tufted base, very leafy below the inflorescence,
woolly and glandular. Leaves oblanceolate, obtuse, tapering to a
broad petiole, 2-4 in. long, ^ in. wide, densely clothed with long,
tawny-white silky hairs, having the appearance of plush. Pani-
cle of the main stem branching from below the middle, ample
with numerous heads, )i in. long ; bracts of the involucre long,
pointed, clothed with few long hairs, with short, black hairs
appressed, and with hairs tipped with yellow glands, about equal-
ing the tawny pappus ; rays lobed at apex, yellow. Millwood
and Bubbs Creek.

Crepis intermedia Gray. Stems several, from a woody root,
1-2 ft. high, more or less clothed with cottony wool, stout, hol-
low. Leaves broad with jagged lobes ; the upper ones narrow and
entire, 3-5 in. long, the broadest about 3 in. across the widest
part. Involucre j4 in. high, the bracts few, with membranous
margins about equaling the pappus ; flowers yellow, the raj-s X
in. long ; seeds J^ in. long, strongly ribbed. Bubbs Creek.

Crepis acuminata Nutt. This is similar to the preceding,
but is generally taller and smoother ; the leaves are deeply pin-
nately divided once or twice into long, narrow, sickle-shaped
divisions ending in a long, slender point ; leaves at the root a foot
long, 4 in. wide including the petioles which are as long as the
blades. Heads much narrower, with the smoother involucre con-
sisting of only 5 bracts ; flowers fewer and smaller. This grew in
the same locality as the preceding, and both are to be found in
dry places.

Agoseris retrorsa Greene. Leaves pinnately divided, with
reflexed linear lobes, the terminal lobe narrowly linear and
pointed, often half the entire length of the leaf, sometimes much

92 Sierra Club Publications.

broader and shorter and the divisions less pronounced ; entire
leaf 3-4 in. long and about an inch wide, clothed with cottony
wool. Heads solitary at the ends of long, naked stems, slender ;
the inner bracts of the involucre i_^ in. long, very slender and
pointed, often tinged with reddish purple. Flowers yellow, with
narrow rays, purplish on the lower side ; pappus conspicuous, on
a thread-like stem 1/2-% in. long, as long as or longer than the
white pappus.

This varies extremely from slender plants 6 in. high to stout
ones from a branched caudex, 2 ft. or more. The leaves and
heads in the latter are also much larger. Millwood, Bubbs Creek.

Agoseris (probably new species). Leaves oblanceolate, from
entire to sparingly lobed or toothed, about 6 in. long, 3^ in. wide,
slightly pubescent with cobwebby hairs. Heads terminating
slender, weak stems; involucre from Yz-^/i in. long, hairy and
glandular, especially at base ; flowers yellow, with the rays
scarcely exserted ; pappus white, on a hair-lil5.e stem. The mate-
rial is too young for accurate determination. Under the red-
woods, near Big Boulder Creek.

INDEX

Abies II

Acer 33

Aceraceae 33

Acoiiitum 27

Actsea 25, 27

Adiautum 7

^sculus 33

Agoseris . 83, 91, 92

Agropyrum 13

Agrostis 13

Alder 19

Alder Family 8, 19

Allium 13, 14

Alnus 19

Alpine Saxifrage 35

Alum-root 34

Amelanchier 37, 38

Anemone 27

Angelica 48, 49

Antennaria 83, 89, 90

Antirrhinum 57, 58

Aphyllon 67

Apocynacese 55

Apocynum 55

Aquiiegia . 25, 26

Aratjis 28, 30

Arctostaphylos 51, 52

Areuaria 21, 23

Arnica 82, 84

Artem isia 83, 90

Asclepiadacese 55

Asclepias 55, 56

Aster 82, 85, 86

Athyriumi 5

Avens 38

Azalea 51

Baby Blue- Eyes 72

Baby-Eyes 72

Baby-Eyes Family 10, 72

Balfour's Pine 12

Balsam Cottonwood 18

Balsamorrhiza 83, 88

Balsam- root 83

Baneberry 25

Barbarea 28, 29

Bay 25

Beard-tongue 57

Bears-Cabbage 72

Bee-plant 57

Betula 19

Betulacese 19

Big Tree 11

Birch 19

Black Oak 16

Black Raspberry 39

Blazing Star Family 9, 48

Blue Curls 78

Blue-eyed Grass. ' 16

Blue Flag 15

Blue Oak 17

Boisduvalia 45, 47

Borage Family 10, 76

Boraginese 76

Botrychium ,' . . 3

Brewer's Oak 17

Brittle-Fern 6

Broad-Leaved Cottonwood 18

Brodiaea 14

Broomrape Family 10, 67

Bryanthus 51, 52

Buckeye 33

Buckwheat Family 8, 19

Buttercup 25

Buttercup Family 8, 25

Butterfly Tulip 15

California Laurel 25

California Lilac Family 9, 33

California Pink 22

California White Lilac 34

Calif ornian Bee-Plant 59

Calliprora 14

Calochortus 15

Capri foliaceas 80

Capsella 28

Caryophyllacese 21

Cascara Sagrada 33

Cassiope 51, 52

Castanopsis 17

Castilleia 57, 61, 62

Ceanothus 33, 34

Ceaar 11

Cerasus 37, 38

Cercis 44

Cercocarpus 38, 39

Chsenactis 83, 89

Chamsebatia 3b, 39

Cheilanthes 7

Cherry 37

Chickweed 21

Chimaphila 52, 53

Chinquapin 17

Chrj'sopsis. 83, 87

Cinquefoil 38

Circsea 45, 48

Cirsium 83

Clarkia 45, 47

Clover 42

Cluster Lilies 14

Cnicus 83, 90, 91

Coflfee-berry 33

Coffee-Fern 5

Collinsia 57, 58, 59

CoUomia 68

Columbine 25, 26

Comandra 24

Compositse 82

Cone-flower 82

Conifers 11

Couvolvulacese 56

Convolvulus 56

Cornacese 50

Cornus 50

Corylus 17

Cotton-batting Plant 82

Crassulacese 34

Crepis. 83, 91

Cress Family 9, 28

Cruciferas 28

94

Sierra Club Publicaiio7is.

Cryptanthe 76, 77

Cryptogramme 5

CupuliferjE. i°

Currant 34

Cuscuta 5°

Cynoglossum 7°

Cystopteris "

Dandelion 83

Delphinium 25, 26, 27

Dock 19

Dodder 5°

Dodecatheon 54

Dogbane Family 10, 55

Dogwood Family lOi 5°

Draba 28, 29

Draperia ■ 72

Drudeophytum 48, 5°

Dryopteris 6

Elder 80, 81

Elynius 13

Enchanter's Nightshade 45

Epilobium 45. 4^

Equisetacese 3

Equisetum 3

Ericaceae ' 5i

Erigeron 82, 83, 86, 87

Eriogonum 19. 20, 21

Eriophyllum . 82, 83

Evening Primrose 45

Evening Primrose Family 9. 45

Everlasting 83

False Hellebore 15

Farewell to Spring 45

Fern Family 3

Festuca 13

Figwort Family 10, 57

Filices 3

Five-Finger Fern 7

Forget-Me-Not 76

Fragaria 38, 4°

Fragrant Habenaria 16

Fremontia 31

Fringe Flower 34

Fritillaria i4

Galium 79, So

Garrya. . . ." 5°

Garryacese. 5°

Gayophytum 45. 46

Gentiana • 55

Gentianacese ... 55

Gentian Family ...... 10,55

Geraniaceje 33

Geranium 33

Geranium Family 9,33

Geum 38, 40

Giant Horse- Tail 3

Giant Hyssop 77

Giant Sequoia 11

Gilia 68, 69, 70

Godetia 45, 47

Golden-cup Oak 16

Golden-eyed Grass. 16

Goldenrod 82

Golden Stars I4

Gomphocarpus 56

Goodyera 16

Gooseberry 34. 36

Gramineje 13

Grape-Fern 3

Grape- Fern Family 3

Grass Family 13

Groundsel 82

Habenaria 16

Harpacarpus 83, 89

Hawkweed . . 83

Hazel Nut . 17

Hedge Mustard 28

Heleniastrum 84

Helenium ... 82

Hemlock Pine 12

Hemlock Spruce 12

Heterogaura 45, 47

Heuchera 34. 35. 36

Hieracium 83, 91

Holodiscus 37, 38

Honeysuckle 80

Honeysuckle Family 10, 80

Hordeum 13

Horkelia. 38, 41

Horse-Tail Family 3

Hound's Tongue 76

Huckleberry Family 10, 51

Hulsea . 82, 88

Hydrophyllacese 72

Hydrophyllum 72, 73

Hypericaceae ■ 32

Hypericum 32

Immortelles 83

Incense Cedar 11

Iridacese 15

Iris 15

Iris Family 8, 15

Jacob's Ladder 68

Jewel- flowers 28

Joint-Weed 19

Juniper n

Juuiperus 11

Kalmia 51, 52

Kelloggia 80

Labiatse 77

Labrador Tea 51

Lace-Fern 7

Lace-pod 28

Lady-Fern 5

Lappula 76

Larkspur 25

Lathyrus 42, 44

Lauracese 25

Laurel Family 25

Layia 83, 89

Ledum. 51, 53

Leguminosse 42

Leptotasnia 48, 49

Libocedrus 11

Liliacese 13

Lilium 14

Lily Family. 8, 13

Linanthus 68, 70

Live Oak 17

Loasacese 48

Lobeliacese 81

Lobelia Family. 11, 81

Lodge-Pole Pine 12

Lonicera. 80, 81

Lophanthus 77, 78

Loranthacese. 51

Lotus 42, 43, 44

Lupine 42

Lupinus 42

Index.

95

Madder Family ii. 79

Madia. 83, 88

Mallow Family 9> 31

Malvaceae 31

Manzanita. 51

Manzanita Family 10

Maple Family 9. 33

Mariposa 15

Meadow Larkspur 27

Meadow Rue 25

Meadow Saxifrage 35

Meadowsweet 37

Melica. 13

Microsteris 68, 71

Milkweed Family 10. 55

Mimulus. .. 57, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67

Miners' Lettuce 24

Mint Family. 10, 77

Mistletoe Family ... 51

Mitella. 34. 35

Monardella 77> 78

Monkey-flower . 57

Monkshood 27

Montia 24

Morning-Glory 56

Morn ing-Glory Family 10,56

Mosquito Bills 54

Mountain Cress. 28

Mountain Daisy 82

Mountain Dock 20

Mountain Heather 51

Mountain Iris 15

Mountain Laurel . . 51

Mountain Mahogany 38

Mountain Maple 33

Mountain Misery 38

Mountain Primrose 54

Mountain Sorrel 19

Musk Plant 65

Myrrh 48

Navarretia 68

Nemacladus 81

Nemophila. 72

Nicotiana 56, 57

Nightshade 56

Nightshade Family 56

Nut Pine 13

Oak Family 8, 16

CEnothera 45, 46

Old Man 82

Onagracese .. 45

Ophioglossacese 3

Orchideae 16

Orchid Family 8, 16

Orobanchacese ... 67

Oxyria 19

Oxytheca .. . ig, 21

Painters-brush 57

Parsley Family 9, 48

Parsley-Fern 5

Pea Family 9, 42

Pearlwort '.".' 21

Pedicularis 57, 62, 63

Pelliea, 3, 4, 5

Pennyroyal 77

Peutstemon 57, 59, 60, 61

PJjfcelia 72, 73, 74, 75

Phleum 13

Phlox '..'.'.'.'.'... 68,' 70, 71

Phlox Family 10, 68

Phoradendron 51

Pine-Drops 52, 54

Pine Family 8

Pink 21

Pink Family 9, 21

Pinus 12, 13

Plagiobothrys. 76, 77

Poison Zygadene 15

Polemoniaceas 68

Polemonium 68, 71

Polygonaces 19

Polygonum 19, 20

Pop-Corn Flower . 76

Populus 18, 19

Portulacaceas 24

Portulaca Family 9, 24

Post Oak 16

Potentilla 38, 40, 41

Prickly Gooseberry 36

Primrose Family 10, 54

Primula 54

Primulaceae 54

Prince's Pine 52

Pterospora 52, 54

Pteryxia 48, 49

Pussy-Paws 24

Pussy Tails 20

Pyrola 52, 53

Quaking Aspen 19

Quercus 16, 17

Ranunculacese 25

Ranunculus 25, 26

Raspberry 37

Rattlesnake Plantain 16

Razoumofskya. 51

Red-berried Rhamnus 33

Red Bud 44

Red Currant 37

Red Fir. 11

Rhamnacese 33

Rhamnus 33

Rhododendron 51, 53

Ribes 34i 36, 37

Rock Cress 28

Rock-Fern 3, 4

Rosa 38, 39

Rosacese 37

Rose Family 9, 37

Rubiacese 79

Rubus 37i 39

Rudbeckia 82, 87

Rumex 19, 20

Sage-brush 83

Sagina 21, 24

Salicacese 17

Salix 17, 18

Sambucus . . 80, 81

Sandalwood Family 8, 24

Sandwort 21

Sanicula 48

Santalacese 24

Sarcodes 52, 54

Saxifraga . 34, 35

Saxifragacese 34

Saxifrage 34

Saxifrage Family 9, 34

Scaly-Fern 7

Scrophularia 57, 59

Scrophulariaceas 57, 58

Scutellaria 77, 78, 79

Seduni 34

Senecio 82, 85

96

Sierra Club Publications.

Sequoia "

Service Berry 37

Shasta Fir ii

Shepherd's Purse 28

Shield-Fern 6

Shooting-Stars 54

Sibbaldia 38, 42

Sidalcea 31

Silene 21, 22

Silk-Tassel Bush Family 8

Silk-Tassel Tree Family 50

Silkweed 55

Sisymbrium 28, 29

Sisyrinchium 16

Sitanion 13

Skull-cap 77

Slippery Elm 31

Small Sugar Pine 12

Snap-dragon 57

Sneeze-weed 82

Snowberry So

Snow Bush 34

Snow Plant 52, 54

Solanacese 56

Solanum 56

Solidago 82, 87

Spanish Bayonet 14

Speedwell 57

Sphenosciadium 48, 49

Spice-wood 25

Sporobolus 13

Spraguea 24

Stachys 78, 79

Stellaria .. 21, 22, 23

Stinging Phacelia 75

Stipa 13

St. John's-Wort 32

St. John's-Wort Family 9, 32

Stonecrop . 34

Stonecrop Family 9, 34

Strawberry 38

Streptanthus 28, 30

Sugar Pine 12

Sunflower 82

Sunflower Family 11, 82

Swamp Iris 15

Swamp Onion . 14

Symphoricarpos 80, Si

Tar-weed 83

Tea-Fern 4

Tellima 34> 35

Thalictrum 25

Thistle 83

Thysanocarpus 28

Tidy-tips 83

Tiny Tar- weed 83

Tobacco 56

Tobacco Family 10

Tofieldia . 15

Tower Mustard 30

Trichostema 78, 79

Trifolium 42, 43

Trisetum 13

Tsuga 12

Umbelliferse 48

Umbellularia 25

Vacciniacese 51

Vaccinium 51

Valley Oak 17

Veratrum 15

Verbena 77

Verbenacese 77

Verbena Family 77

Veronica 57, 67

Vervenia 73

Vetch 42

Vicia 42, 44

Viola 32

Violaceae 32

Violet Family 9. 32

Washingtonia 48, 49

Water-Leaf 72

White Fir 11

White Forget-Me-Not 76

White Pine 12

White Violet 28, 82

Whitneya 82, 84

Wild Buckwheat . . 19

Wild Currant 37

Wild Onion 13

Wild Pea 42

Wild Rose 38

Willow Family 8, 17

Willow-herb 45

Winter Cress 28

Wintergreen 52

Wood-Rose 39

Woodsia 7

Wood Star 34

Wormwood 83

Woundwort 78

Wyethia 82, 88

Yellow Pine 12

Yucca 14

Zygadenus 15

New York Botanical Garden Library

QK194.E15 gen

Eastwood, Alice/A flora of the South For

3 5185 00030 5910

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