GREMLI’S

SWISS FLORA

FOR TOURISTS

I"). NUT

-T'

RB n 3 bi 2

&

a *

|veluT3 k./wo 1

IarborI

Presented to the
LIBRARY of the
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
by

Prof. Jennifer Brown

• 1

a*' 1

L*.(a„ / U* %**■*&*> ?

-> 1

Cet eU. ^

J

f** ■ &

Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2018 with funding from
University of Toronto

*

https://archive.org/details/floraofswitzerla00grem_0

A SELECTION

FROM

DAVID NUTT’S

‘list of publications.

- -

A BOOK OF VERSES. In Hospital, Rhymes and
Rhythms — Life and Death (Echoes) — Bric-iVBrac :
Ballads, Rondels, Sonnets, Quatorzains, and Rondeaus.
By William Ernest Henley, xii., 165 pages. i6mo.
Flexible Boards, with Etched Title-page Vignette of
the Old Infirmary, Edinburgh, by W. Hole, A.R.S.A.
Price 2 s. 6d.

Mr. R. L. Stevenson says at the close of his Christmas article
( SciHbnet ■, 1888) : “ From a recent book of verse, where there is
more than one such beautiful manly poem, I take this memorial
piece, it says better than I can what I love to think.”

The Spectator says “ the author is a genuine poet.”

The Saturday Review notes “ the ring of genuine and virile
humanity.”

The Athenceum notes the “ manly and heroic expression of the
temper of the sufferer.”

The Universal Review. — “ The real excellence rather consists
in the kindly philosophy, strong, yet tender withal, which
breathes from these pages.”

The Academy. — “ Powerful, genuine, and manly throughout.”

The St. James’s Gazette. — “Wholesome phantasy, wholesome
feeling, wholesome human affection, expressed in adequate

form. ”

The Scottish Leader. — “ Curiously and memorably vivid, full
of deft phrasing, and perfectly free from prosaism.’’

The Scots Magazine. — “Robust and spirited tone, the purity
and grace of diction.”

Pall Mall Gazette. — “ Horrible, fascinating, and wrong, yet
rightly done, little book.”

2

DA VID NUTT'S

THE HAPPY PRINCE, and Other Tales. By
Oscar Wilde, i i 6 pages, small 4to. Old-faced type,
on cream-laid paper with wide margins, Japanese
vellum cover printed in red and black. With Three
full-page Plates and Eleven Vignettes by Walter
Crane and Jacomb Hood. Price 5s.

Athenceum. — “ The gift of writing fairy tales is rare, and Mr.
Oscar Wilde shows that he possesses it in a rare degree.”

Universal Review. — “Heartily recommended.”

Christian Leader. — “‘Beautiful exceedingly ; ’ charmingly de¬
vised and exquisitely told.’’

Dublin Evening Mail. — “ A beautiful book in every sense.”

Glasgow Herald. — “Difficult to speak too highly of these
tales.”

World. — “ The prettiest child’s story-book we have had since
‘Alice in Wonderland.’ ”

Morning Post. — “ Genuine poetical inspiration.”

Liverpool Daily Post. — “ A charming volume.”

STUDIES ON THE LEGEND OF THE HOLY
GRAIL, with Especial Reference to the Hypothesis
of its Celtic Origin. By Alfred Nutt. Demy 8vo.
xv., 281 pages. Cloth, 10s. 6 d. nett.

The Athenceum. — “These charming studies of the Grail
legend.”

The Scots Observer. — “ An achievement of profound erudition
and masterly argument, and may be hailed as redeeming
English scholarship from a long-standing reproach.”

Antiquary. — -“ Mr. Nutt deserves special praise. He has rolled
away a reproach from English scholarship.”

Revue Celtique. — “ M. Alfred Nutt vient de faire paraitre le
travail le plus complet qui ait dte public jusqu’a ce jour sur les
sources primitives d’uue des fables les plus importantes du
cycle de la Table Ronde.”

The Saturday Review. — A good study of the Grail legend
has long been among the principal desiderata in mediaeval
literature. Its composition has been hitherto hindered partly
by the fact that the texts have not been easilv accessible,
partly by the other fact that the students of them ave for the

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.

3

THE HOLY GRAIL — {continued).

most part been specialists in philology, not trained literary

critics . Mr. Nutt has laboured with great skill, judgment,

and care.”

The Literaiiy World. — “ Not less critical acumen than patient
research.’’

Notes and Queries. — “ A work of sound scholarship.”

The Artist. — “Mr. Nutt’s book is one which every student of
literature, as well as all scholars who are interested in the
Aryan mythology, should possess.”

St. James's Gazette. — “Mr. Nutt’s learned and valuable essay
is an important contribution to the history of popular legends.”

Journal of American Folk-Lore. — “ The first serious attempt of
an English scholar to deal with the complicated problems con¬
nected with the origin and relations of the mediaeval romances
which treat of the Grail.”

ENGLISH HISTORY FROM CONTEMPORARY

WRITERS.

Edited by F. Yokk Powell, M.A., Senior Student of
Christ Church. In 16 mo volumes , averaging 200 pages,
with illustrations , neatly bound in cloth, cut flush , is. ; or
cloth, uncut edges, is. yl.

Already published.

EDWARD III. AND HIS WARS (1327-1361).
Extracts from the Chronicles of Froissart, &c. Ar¬
ranged and edited by W. J. Ashley, M.A.

THE MISRULE OF HENRY III. (1236-1251).
Extracts from the Writings of Matthew Paris, &c.
Selected and arranged by the Rev. W.H. Hutton, M.A.

4

DA VI D NUTTS

STRONGBOW’S CONQUEST OF IRELAND.

Translations from the Works of Gerald of Barri, Roger
of Hoveden, and other Contemporary Records. By
Francis Pierreront Barnard, M.A., Head Master
of Reading School.

SIMON OF MONTFORD AND HIS CAUSE

(1251-1265). Extracts from Matthew Paris, &c.
Selected and arranged by the Rev. W. H. Hutton, M. A.

THE CRUSADE OF RICHARD I. Extracts from
the Itinerarium Ricardi, the Chronicle of Boheddin,
the Chronicle of Roger of Hoveden, &c. Arranged
and edited by T. A. Archer, B.A. Oxford. With
Map and Illustrations. 398 pp. 2 s.; or 2s. 6d. uncut*

EPISTOL.® HO-ELIANiE. Familiar Letters,
Domestic and Foreign. By James Howell. Faith¬
fully reprinted from the best editions, in old-faced
type. Edited, with Biographical and Bibliographical
Introduction and Notes, and an Appendix of Inedited
Letters and Pieces Justificatives, by Joseph Jacobs,
B.A., sometime of St. John’s College, Cambridge.
(In the Press. Prospectus on application.)

FRENCH TRAITS. By W. C. Brownell. i2mo.
400 pages. Cloth uncut, 7 s.

*** The most suggestive and penetrating study of the social
and moral ideas of French society in the English language.

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.

5

The only Scholar's and Bibliophile' s edition of Malory.

THE NOBLE AND IOYOUS BOOK ENTYTLED
LE MORTE DARTHUR notwythstondyng it
treateth of the Byrth / Lvf / and Actes of the Sayd
Kyng Arthur / of His Noble Knyghtes of the Rou'nde
Table / theyr Meruayllous Enquestes and Aduentures /
Thachyeuyng of the Sangreal / & in Thende the
Dolorous Deth & Departyng out of thys World of
them al / whiche Book was Reduced in to Englysshe
by Syr Thomas Malory Knyght / Faithfully Edited
word for word, line for line, and page for page, from
the Edition (1485) of W. Caxton in Lord Spencer’s
Library, Althorp, Northampton. With a Biblio-
graphico-critical Introduction, the various readings
of Wynkyn de Worde’s Edition (1529), a Treatise on
Malory’s relation to the “Merlin” in the Huth
Library and other of his French sources; an Ex¬
planatory and Glossarial Index, and a Photographic
Facsimile Specimen Page, by Dr. H. Oskar Sommer ;
accompanied by an Essay upon Malory as a Prose
Writer, by Mr. Andrew Lang ; &c. In two volumes,
one containing the Text, the other the editorial matter.
Together, upwards of 1200 pages. Royal 8vo. Price
£1 10s. nett; or Large Paper, ^5 5s.

SELECTED RUBAIYAT OF OMAR KHAYYAM.

Translated into English Prose by Justin Huntly
McCarthy, M.P. Upwards of 250 pages. Bodoni
i2mo. Printed throughout in capitals. Only 500
copies for sale, at 12s. 6 d. ; or 50 large paper copies
on the finest Japanese vellum, £1 10s.

[In the Press.

6

DAVID NUTT'S

IN FOREIGN BYEWAYS. A Rhapsody of Travel.

(Brussels, Treves, The Eifel, The Moselle, The Rhine.)
By J. C. Woods. i6mo. 1887. 91 pages. Printed
on hand-made paper with wide margins. Cloth,
bevelled edges, 2 s.

A TRILOGY OF THE LIFE TO COME, and

Other Poems. By R. Brown. i2mo. 1887. 148

pages. Cloth, bevelled edges, 2 s 6d.

BIBLIOTHEQUE DE CARABAS .

Crown 8vo volumes printed on hand-made paper , ivith wide
margins and uncut edges , done up in Japanese vellum
wrappers. Issued under the general Editorship of Mr.
Andrew Lang. These volumes will never be Reprinted.

I. CUPID AND PSYCHE. Out of Print.

II. EUTERPE: The Second Book of the Famous
History of Herodotus. Englished by B. R. 1584.
Edited by Andrew Lang, with Introductory Essays
on the Religion and the Good Faith of Herodotus.
Frontispiece by A. W. Tomson ; and Yerses by the
Editor and Graham R. Tomson. xlviii., 174 pages.

1888. 105.

The Spectator. — “ The most fascinating as it is the oldest of
descriptive books of travel, in the style and language of another
Maude ville.”

The Nation. — “ Harmonious and attractive as a bit of rare old
china.” *

Manchester Guardian. — “Herodotus in almost any form is de¬
lightful ; a pretty book (and this is a very pretty book, with
pleasant devices inside and out) is always delightful.”

Notes and Queries. — “ Very handsome and attractive

The Saturday llevieiv. — “ To begin it is to read it to the end.”

LIST OF PUB LIC A TIONS.

7

III. THE FABLES OF BIDPAI ; or, The Morall
Philosophic of Doni : Drawne out of the auncient
writers, a work first compiled in the Indian tongue.
Englished out of Italian by Thomas North, Brother
to the Right Honorable Sir Roger North, Knight,
Lord North of Kyrtheling, 1570. Now again edited
and induced by Joseph Jacobs, together with a
Chronologico-Biograpliical Chart of the translations
and adaptations of the Sanskrit original, and an
Analytical Concordance of the Stories. With a full-
page Illustration by Edward Burne Jones, A. It. A.,
Frontispiece from a 16th century MS. of the Anvari
Suhaili, and facsimiles of Woodcuts in the Italian
Doni of 1532 lxxxii., 264 pages. 1888. 125.

Notes and Queries. — “We have nothing but praise to bestow
upon this reprint, which forms the latest volume of Mr. Nutt’s
delightful ‘ Bibliothfeque de Carabas.’ .... With its scholarly
disquisition and its lovely paper and type, the book makes an
appeal which will, in many quarters at least, be irresistible.”

St. James's Gazette. — “ Sir Thomas North’s translation of ‘ La
Moral Filosofia ’ of Doni was well worth reprinting; and Mr.
Andrew Lang was wisely advised in acceding to Mr. Joseph
Jacobs’ suggestion to include it in the elegant series of reprints
he is editing for Mr. Nutt. In style and matter it is a more than
usually notable book, and not a few critics will perhaps be in¬
clined to acquiesce in its piesent editor’s suggestion that it
deserves the rank of an English classic.”

The Times. — “ This is a reprint of the original English trans¬
lation of one of the most remarkable works in the world. Mr.
Jacobs, the zealous editor of this edition, is inclined to believe
it may be traced to the new Brahminism of the period from
about 200 to 400 a.d. In any case these ‘Fables of Bidpai’
must be among the earliest productions of secular Sanskrit
literature, and whatever the date of their birth, their subsequent
circulation has been marvellous. ”

The Literary World. — “The third volume of Mr. Nutt’s sump¬
tuous ‘ Bibliothkque de Carabas 1 is a reprint of the earliest
English version of the world-renowned ‘Fables of Bidpai.”
The translator was Sir Thomas North, better known for his
famous rendering of Plutarch, from which Shakespeare derived
the materials for his Roman plays. North was no mean master

8

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.

THE FABLES OF BID PAI — (continued).

of the English language, as may be seen from the frequency
with which Shakespeare follows his diction. As for the fables
themselves, no other work of profane literature has had any¬
thing like so wide a circulation among the nations of the world,
and everything connected with them is of the highest interest
to students of folk-lore.”

Jewish World. — “Sir Thomas North’s ‘Morall Philosophie of
Poni ’ (1570) is a remarkable book with a remarkable pedigree,
and it is now restored to the English reader with every outward
attraction that bibliophilic publishing can purvey.”

Journal of American Folk-Lore. — “ The versions reprinted in
this collection from rare editions are of interest for their racy
English, and evei'y care has been employed to produce a beautiful
book.”

Scotsman. — “Mr Jacobs’ introduction is a delightfully written
essay in the lore of beast stories.”

IV. THE FABLES OF ^SOP, printed by W.
Caxton in 1484, edited by J. Jacobs.

[7w the Press.

DAVID NUTT, 270 Strand, W.C.

THE

FLORA OF SWITZERLAND

FOR THE USE OF

TOURISTS AND FIELD-BOTANISTS

BY

A. GREMLI.

TRANSLATED FROM THE FIFTH EDITION

BY

LEONARD W. PAITSON.

c

LONDON

DAVID NUTT, 270 STRAND
1889.

PRINTED AT ZURICH.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

PREFACE.*)

The present work is intended, in the first place, for
the use of those who are commencing the study of botany,
and aims at assisting them in the determination of plants
which are new to them. This object can only be attained
by using the, so called, analytical method which has ac¬
cordingly been adopted.

Hoping, at the same time, to be of service to more
advanced botanists, I have enumerated the most important
new species as well as the critical forms ; endeavouring
to select from the voluminous materials whatever is best
authenticated and most constant, omitting, as far as possible,
all doubtful forms.

For special studies I would recommend to the notice
of the student: Bernoulli, Gefasscryptogamen der Schweiz
(1857); Christ, Rosen der Schweiz (1878); Christen er,
Hieracien der Schweiz (1863); Fischer, Flora von Bern
(1878, 4th ed.); Gaudin , Flora lielvetica (1828 — 33),
the principal work on the Swiss flora; of this there is a
summary: Synopsis florae helveticse, ed. Monnard (1836);
Godet, Flore du Jura (1853, with supplement 1869);
Bapin, Guide du botaniste (2nd ed. 1862); Beuter, Cata¬
logue des pi. vase, de Geneve (2nd ed. 1861). In Gremli,
Beitrage zur Flora der Schweiz (1870) directions are
found for the study of the genus Rubus, as also numerous
localities for the rare species. Of works dealing with ad¬
jacent countries I may mention before all, Koch's Syn¬
opsis, an unparallelled work on the German and Swiss
floras; also Ascherson , Flora der Provinz Brandenburg

*) Author’s preface to the fifth German edition.

IV

(1864); Celakosvfcy, Flora von Bohmen (1867 — 75); Mars-
son, Flora von N euvorpommern (1869); lastly the excellent
Flore de France by Grenier and Godron (1848 — 55).

For the study of geographical botany, the magnificent
work of Christ may be mentioned, Das Pflanzenleben der
Schweiz (1879), of which there is now a French edition,
revised and enlarged (1883), entitled “La Flore de la Suisse'
et ses origines”. To doctors and chemists, Karsten, Phar-
mazeutisch-medizinische Botanik (with numerous illustra¬
tions) may be recommended.

The book contains all the phanerogams and vascular
cryptogams which grow spontaneously in Switzerland. I
have enumerated separately, in an appendix (on Plants of
neighbouring countries), the species which are found in
some adjacent countries, such as northern Savoy, the lake
of Como, Veltlin, etc., parts which Gaudin and other Swiss
florists have included in their domain. In the appendix
will also be found a list of such plants as are doubtful
or as have been erroneously indicated as growing in Switzer¬
land, by observers of past and present times. Finally, the
Adventitious flora enumerates the foreign plants, chiefly
from southern and eastern Europe, which have been ob¬
served from time to time in this country. An asterisk (*)
has been affixed to the few plants which grow near the
borders of Switzerland, or the home of which is not entirely
certain, but which have been cited as belonging to the
Swiss flora. The same sign serves to mark some hybrid
forms which are fairly common, or of which the hybrid
nature is not completely beyond doubt; most of the hybrids
however are simply given in observations at the end of
the genera. I think that, generally speaking, it need not
be very difficult to recognise them, if the parents are
well known, and it be borne in mind that their characters
have an almost equal relation to each of the parents,
sometimes, of course, being nearer to one, sometimes to the
other; also that these forms are only found scattered or
isolated near the parents, their pollen grains being more or
less misshapen and not usually producing well developed fruit.

This fifth edition has been carefully revised and im¬
proved in numerous details. The genera Hieracium *),
Centaur ea, Car duns, Salix and Euphrasia , in particular,
have undergone a complete revision. The pronunciation
of Latin names is shown by means of an accent placed on
the tonic syllable. In other respects the arrangement and
nomenclature of the species have been preserved as nearly
as possible as in former editions, since the book extending
already to 6000 copies in the first four editions, has served
as a basis to several catalogues. To the present edition
has been added a tabular view of the natural families.
In the first part of my uNeue Beitrdge” (1880) will be
found a method by which ligneous plants may be deter¬
mined by their leaves.

It remains for me to express my hearty thanks to all
those who have assisted me, either by sending plants, or
in other ways. The following gentlemen may be mentioned
in particular: Alioth (f 1878), Arvet-Touvet, Barbery,
Boisfder (f 1885), Boll (f 1880), Boltshauser, Brunner,
Burnat, Baser , Chevenard , Coaz, Cornaz , Christ , Christener
(f 1872), Davall, Dutoit, Egyler , Favrat, Father and Son,
Fischer, Focke, Godet (f 1879), Jaccard, Jacob, Jdggi,
Logger (f 1870), Lerch, Leresche (f 1885), Liischer, Mari,
Maurer, Meli , Morel, Munch , Muret (f 1877), Papon,
Papin (f 1882), Rliiner, Sandoz, Schlatter, Schmidely,
Schneider (f 1882), Schnetzler , Siegfried, Sulger-Biiel,
von Tavel, Townsend, Vetter, Wolf and Zollikofer.

*) Compare also: Burnat and Gremli, les Hieracium des Alpes
maritimes; and Gremli, les Epervieres du Valais in B. S. M. 1884.

Jongny (Yevey), 1885.

GREMLI.

TRANSLATOR’S PREFACE.

It is hoped that the following translation of the “Ex-
cursionsflora” will supply a need, which has long been
felt by English visitors to Switzerland, for a complete and
portable handbook of the Swiss flora.

No German work so well deserves to be called com¬
plete and portable as this excellent little book of Herr
Gremli’s, the usefulness of which has been well proved by
the large number of copies sold.

Through the kindness of the Author the present trans¬
lation contains not only the new matter included in the
French translation by M. J. J. Vetter (1885), but also
still later corrections and additions published in the fourth
supplement (Neue Beitrage, Heft TV. 1887).

Those only, who have tried it, can understand the
difficulty of translating a technical German work into
English, and the present translator asks the indulgence of
his readers for any imperfections which may be found in
his work, which he hopes to remove entirely should a
further issue be called for.

Dacos , July 1888.

LEONARD W. PAITSON.

I. Introduction.

The use of the Tables.

In order to find out the name of a plant, — to determine
the plant — it is necessary to seek first the class , then the genus
and lastly the species.

It is evident that all pains are lost, if the class is not found
or has been mistaken. To commence then — supposing that we
have before us a phanerogamous plant— we do not begin by
counting the stamens, as is often done, but we first of all see
if the flowers are hermaphrodite or unisexual , i. e. if both
stamens and styles are found in the same flower, or only
styles. Taking the first case, for example, we next see whether
the stamens are united among themselves, or to the style, or if
they are free, &c.

If the plant in question is found to belong to the 5th class,
it is necessary to turn to the tables for determining the genus,
page 1, commencing with the number 1 on the left hand side
of the page, we see whether it has 1, 2, 3 or several styles
(or stigmas). If, for example, it has one style, the figure 2 on
the right hand side leads to the 2 on the left, where we must see
whether the floral envelope is composed of a calyx and a co¬
rolla, or if it is simple. Thus, through a series of alternatives,
wre arrive by degrees at the name of the genus.

The figure following the name of the genus leads, in
the next place, to the tables for determining the species.

It is advisable to read both of the alternatives before com¬
paring; for often— especially in the case of beginners— the
precise signification of one alternative is not distinct without
the other. In many cases the fruit is indispensable for the
determination ; consequently it is always necessary in gathering
a plant in flower, to see if there is not another specimen in
which the fruit is already developed. This rule applies espe¬
cially to the cruciferce and umbelliferce. In the same way the
subterranean parts such as the root, root-stock, bulb, or tubercle,
are often of primary importance.

The name of each species is accompanied by a remark on
its frequency and distribution in Switzerland; this will be found
to be of great service to beginners. The species marked with
distrib. (distributed) are found throughout the whole country.

VIII

in all or almost all the twelve districts. It is evident that all
the species marked with Alp. or Alp. and Subalp. are out of
the question as regards Canton Schaffhausen as the highest
mountains in this Canton do not reach the Subalpine region.

Scale of measurement.

1 2 3 4 5 Centimetres.

Abbreviations

— adelph. = — adelphous.

altern. = alternate.

ann. = annual.

cal. — calyx.

calc. = calcareous.

caps. = capsule.

carpus) = carpel(s).

caul. — cauline.

cor. = corolla.

decid. = deciduous.

distrib. = distributed.

(ex-)stip. = (ex-)stipulate.

fls.(s) = flower(s).

fr. = fruit.

gen. = generally.

hypog. = hypogynous.
(in-)dehisc. = (in-)dehiscent.
(ir-)reg. = (ir-)regular.

1.(8) = leaf (leaves),
opp. = opposite,
perenn. = perennial,
perig. = perigynous.
persist. = persistent.
pet.(s) = petal(s).
pl.fs) = plant(s).
rad. = radical.
sta.(s) = stamen(s).
stig.(s) = stigma(s).
var. = variety.

References.

Beitr. — Gremli, Beitrage zur Flora der Schweiz.

N. Beitr. — Gremli, Neue Beitrage zur Flora der Schweiz,

part 1 (1880), part II (1882), part III (1883).

B. S. M. — Bulletin des travaux de la Societe Murithienne.

It. B. Z. — Regensburger botanische Zeituug or Flora.

O. B. Z. — Oesterreiehische botanische Zeitschrift.

In order to indicate the distribution of the species in Switzer¬
land, the country has been divided into 12 districts, viz.:

G. — Canton Graubiinden.

T. — Tessin (Tess.)

W. — Wallis (Wall.)

V. — Vaud and Geneva.

J. — Neuchatel, Bern (Jura and Seeland), Solothurn and Bale.
B. — Freiburg and Bern (central part).

0. — Bernese Oberland.

U. — Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden.

IX

L. — Lucerne and Zu g.

A. — Appenzell, St. Gall and Glarus.

Z. — Zurich, Aargau and Thurgau.

S. — Schaffhausen.

Mount. — Mountain region, from 540 — 1100 meters.

Subalp. — Subalpine region, from 1100 — 1500 tn (limit of the
beech).

Alp. — Alpine region, from 1500 — 2400 m.

High Alp. — High alpine or snow region, from 1860 — 2400 m.

The indications: Subalp ., Alp. and High Alp. only refer
to the chain of the Alps; unless the Jura is specially mentioned,
the 'species in question is wanting in this range. On the other
hand Mount, and Mount, and Subalp. are used in a general
sense.

f before the name of a species signifies that it is ouly found
in a cultivated state in Switzerland.

* before the name of a species signifies that it is not found within
the Swiss borders, or that it is doubtful for this country
or is hybrid.

The numbers following the indications of locality show the
months of the year, from 1 (January) to 12 (December), when
the plants commence to flower; in Cryptogams the time at
which the fruit is ripe. For example: 5 = May, 6 = June &c.

The classes of the Linnean System.

1. Plants with distinct flowers ..... 2

— Plants without distinct flowers . . . Cl. 24.

2. Flowers hermaphrodite *..... 3

— Some, at least, of the flowers unisexual Cl. 21 — 23.

3. Stamens neither united among themselves

nor with the style ....... 4

— Stamens united among themselves or with

the style ...... Cl. 16 — 20.

4. Two longer and two shorter, or four longer

and two shorter stamens . . Cl. 14 — 15.

— Stamens without these differences in length Cl. 1 — 13.

Cl. 1. Monandria. 1 free sta in a hermaphrodite flower.

Cl. 2. Diandria. 2 free stas in a hermaphrodite flower.

Cl. 3. Triandria. 3 free stas in a hermaphrodite flower.

X

Cl. 4. Tetrandria. 4 free stas of equal length, in a herma¬
phrodite flower.

Cl. 5. Pentandria. 5 free stas in a hermaphrodite flower.

Cl. 6. Hexandria. 6 free stas of equal length (or 3 longer

and 3 shorter) in a hermaphrodite flower.

Cl. 7. Heptandria. 7 free stas in a hermaphrodite flower.

Cl. 8. Octcnidria. 8 free stas in a hermaphrodite flower.

Cl. 9. Enneandria. 9 free stas in a hermaphrodite flower.

Cl. 10. Decandria. 10 free stas in a hermaphrodite flower.

Cl. 11. Dodecandria. 12 — 18 free stas in a hermaphrodite fl.

Cl. 12. Icosandria. 20 or more free stas inserted on the calyx
in a hermaphrodite flower.

Cl. 13. Polyandria. 20 or more free stas inserted on the re¬
ceptacle in a hermaphrodite flower.

Cl. 14. Didynamia. 4 free stas, 2 longer and 2 shorter, in
a hermaphrodite flower.

Cl. 15. Tetradynamia. 6 free stas, 4 longer and 2 shorter,
in a hermaphrodite flower.

Cl. 16. Monadelphia. All the stas of a hermaphrodite flower
united at the base.

Cl. 17. Diadelphia. The stas of a hermaphrodite flower united
at- the base in 2 bundles, or 1 free, the rest united.

Cl. 18. Pohjadelphia. The stas of a hermaphrodite flower
united at the base in more than 2 bundles.

Cl. 19. Syngenesia. Anthers of (5) stas united in a tube
round the style.

Cl. 20. Gynandria. Stas united with the style in a column.

Cl. 21. Monoecia. Flowers all unisexual ; male and female on
the same plant.

Cl. 22. Dioecia. Flowers all unisexual ; male and female on
different plants.

Cl. 23. Polygamia. Flowers partly hermaphrodite, partly uni¬
sexual.

Cl. 24. Cryptogamia. Plants without distinct flowers.

Summary of the principal divisions
of the Natural System.

I. Phanerogams.

A. Angiosperms.

a) Dicotyledons.

1. Polypetalee.

* Hypogynous polypetalse.

Fam. 1 — 24 incl. (Ranunculacere — Rutacese).

* Perigynous polypetalse.

Fain. 25 — 53 (Celastraceae— Loranthacete).

XI

2. Monopetalee.

* Perigynous monopetalee.

Fam. 54 — 61 (Caprifoliace®— Vacciniace®).

* Hypogynous monopetalee.

Fam. 62 — 84 (Ericaceae— Plantagine®.)

3. Apetalee.

Fam. 85—102 Amarantace®— Salieace®).

b) Monocotyledons.

Fam. 103—121 (Hydrocbarideae — Grainineae).

B. Gymnosperms.

Fam. 122 (Coniferae).

It. Cryptogams.

A. Cormophytae.

a) Vascular cryptogams.

* Hydropterides or Rhizoearpeee.

Fam. 123 (Marsiliaceae).

* Bryopterides.

Fam. 124 — 126 (heteroaporous : Isoete®, Selaginelle® ; laospormis:
Lycopodiace®).

* Ganopterides.

Fam. 127 (Equisetace®).

* Filices.

Fam. 128—130 (Ophioglosse® — Polypodiace®).

b) Leafy cellular plants.

* Musci.

* Hepaticee.

B. Thallophytes.

* Algee.

* Lichens.

* Fungi (incl. Schizomycetoe).

OBS. — The hypog. polypetalee correspond to the Thalamiflorce,
the hypog. monopetalee to the Corollijlorce , the perig. polypetalee
together with the perig. monopetalee to the Calciforce, lastly
the apetalee to the Monochlamydece of the De Candolle system.
— The cellular pis. and the Thallophytes are not treated of
in this work.

XII

Tabular view of the Natural Families.*)
Hypogynous polypetalae.

Insertion of cor. and stas. hypog. — Ovary superior.

§ Stas numerous, more than 10 (comp. Ranunculacese
and Resedacea?).

* Stas united at the base among themselves. FIs reg.

Cor. with 5 pets.

16. Malvaceae. Stas monadelph. Styles numerous. Fr. com¬
posed of numerous 1-seeded carpels arranged in a circle and
separating at maturity. Ls often palmati-lobed or — fid, stipulate.
Pets, partly united at the base. Cl. 16.

18. Hypericaceae. Stas 3— 5-adelph. Styles 3 — 5. Fr. a
caps, or berry. Ls undiv., entire, exstip., often marked with
transparent dots. Cl. 18.

* Stas entirely free.

FIs reg.

4. Papaveraceae. Seps 2, decid. Pets 4. Style 1. Capsule.
Pis with milky juice. Cl. 13.

7. Cistaceae. Seps 5, the 2 outer ones gen. smaller. Pets
5. Style 1. Capsule. Ls undiv. and entire. Gen. shrubs or
half-shrubs. Cl. 13.

1. Ranunculacese. Seps 3 — 6 or more. Pets 3-many (gen. 5),
often small and nectary-shaped and then the cal. is coloured
like a cor., less often 0 (Clematis, Thalictrum, Anemone, Caltha).
Styles several or numerous, rarely few or 1 . Carps, gen. sev¬
eral or numerous, either 1-seeded and indehiscent. (nutlets) or
many-seeded and dehiscing inwards (follicles), rarely (Actea) berry¬
like. Cl. 13. Irreg. fls are found in Delphinium and Aconi turn ;
Mvosurus gen. has 5 stas.

17. Tiliaceae. Seps 5. Pets 5. Style 1. Fr., by suppression,
1 -celled and nut-like, indehiscent. — Ligneous pis.

3. Nymphaeaceae. Seps 4 — 5. Pets numerous, spirally ar¬
ranged and transformed insensibly into stas. Fr. berry-like,
many-celled and -seeded. Water pis with floating ls.

Fls. irreg. (Comp, above, Ranunculaceae).

9. Resedaceae. Pets 4 — 7, unequal, gen. 3-many-fid. Ovary
open at the top. — Fr. capsular — Fls in racemes or spikes.

*) We cannot of course strictly follow the natural order of the families
here; thus the Pyrolaceae and Ericineae, closely allied families, are found in
different sections (Polypetalae and Monopetalae) ; in the same way the San-
guisorbeae, which are apetalous, are far separated from the polypetalous Ro-
saceae. — Further, we have taken into consideration principally, or indeed
exclusively, those genera which are found in our province, especially as
regards such families as are, here, only represented by a single genus.

XIII

§ Stas 1 — 10 (comp. Acerineee).

| 1 Stas free (corny. Balsa in inece).

f Cor. reg. (in Dictaranus and some Crucifer® rather irreg.).

0 Ls opp. or whorled.

12. Silenaceae. Cal. gamose palous. Pets 5, more or less
distinctly unguiculate. Stas twice as many as pets, rarely
only 5. Styles 2 — 5. Ovary 1- (or at the base 3 — 5-)celled. Caps,
(in Cucubalus berry-like). — Pets and stas often inserted on a
more or less elongated carpophore. Herbs with opp., simple,
exstip. Is. Inflorescence dichotomous. Chiefly Cl. 10.

13. Alsinaceae. Similar, but cal. polysep. and pets not ungui¬
culate (gen. white). Ovary 1-celled. — Stas sometimes perig.
Some (Spergula, Spergularia) with membranous stipules (comp.
Paronychiacete), rarely apetalous.

14. Elatinaceae. Seps 2 — 4. Pets 2 — 4. Stas as many or
twice as many as pets. Styles 2 — 5. Ovary 3 — 5-celled. Cap¬
sule. — Marsh or water pis with simple, stip. ls.

19. Acerineae. Seps and pets gen. 4 — 5. Stas gen. 8
(5 — 12), inserted on a fleshy swelling (hypog. disk.). Ovary
2-celled. Fr. in 2, gen. 1 -seeded, samara?. Ligneous pis with
palmati-lobed or pinnate, exstip. ls.

0 Ls altern., rad. or scale-like.

a) Stas 8 — 10, twice as many as pets.— Capsule.

24. Rutaceae. Placenta) axile. Ovaries free, or more or
less united. — Ls pinnate or multipinnate, with glandular spots.

63. Pyrolaceae. Placentae parietal. Ovary 4— 5-celled. —
Ls undiv., leathery, green. Cotyledons 0.

64. Monotropaceae. Similar but ls scale-like (comp. Ericaceae).

b) Stas 4 or 6 (in some Crueiferse only 2).

2. Berberideae. Sops and pets 4 — 6. Stas opp. the pets.
Berry or caps. Anthers opening by valves.

6. Cruciferae. Seps and pets 4. Stas 6, tetrad ynamo us,
i. e. 4 longer and 2 shorter. Siliqua (or silicule), more rarely nutlet,
(1-celled, indehisc.), or an articulate siliqua (separating into
1 -seeded joints). Cl. 15.

C. Stas 5 or 3.

10. Droseraceae. Stas 5. altern. with the 5 pets. Styles
or stigs 3 — 5. Capsule. — Marsh pis with entire ls.

20. Ampelideae. Stas. 5, opp. the 5 pets. Style 1. Berry.
— Twining shrubs with lobed or palmate ls.

94. Empetraceae. Stas 3. Seps and pets. 3 (or, more cor¬
rectly, divisions of the perianth in 2 series, the inner like a
cor.) Drupe berry-like. — Small evergreen shrubs with needle¬
like ls.

t Cor. irreg.— Style 1.

XIV

8. Vi olaceae. Pets 5, the lower one prolonged in a spur.
Stas 5. Caps. 1-celled, 3-valved. — Ls stipulate.

22. Balsamineae. Cor. and stas as above. Caps. 5-celled,
opening elastically by 5 valves. — Anthers united, covering the
ovary like a veil. Ls. exstipulate.

| | Stas more or less united.

O Cor. reg. (in Erodium the pets, rather unequal).

Stas monadelph. at the base. Cl. 16.

40. Tamariscineae. Stas 10. Style 1. Caps. Seed with a hairy
crest. — Lig. pis.

21. Geraniaceae. Stas 10. Styles 5. Schizocarp.: 5 l-seeded
carpels detaching themselves from the central beak-shaped axis.

15. Lineae. Stas 5 — 4, often accompanied by rudimentary
filaments. Styles 5 — 4. Caps. 5— 4-celled. The cells div. into
2, l-seeded secondary cells by a false partition, whence the fr.
appears to be 10 — 8-celled.

23. Gxalideae. Stas 10. Styles 5. Caps. 5-celled, the cells
undivided. — Ls ternate, like clover.

0 Cor. irreg. Stas united in 2 bundles (Cl. 17). — Style 1. Stipules 0.

5. Fumariaceae. Cor. spurred. S e p s 2, decid., often very small.
Stas 6. Achene l-seeded, indehisc. (Fumaria) or siliqua 2-valved
(Corydalis). — Ls ternate, biternate or pinnatisect.

11. Polygalaceae. Cor. without spur. Seps 5, the 2 lateral
ones (wings) larger, coloured. Stas 8. Caps. 2-celled. — Ls
undiv. and entire.

Perigynous polypetalae. *)

Insertion of cor. (and stas) peri- or epigynous. — Ovary sup. or inf.

t Ovary free (Comp. Saxifragacese and Rosa Cl. 12, 23).

§ Ovaries 2 or more. FI. reg. Stas gen. numerous (comp.

Sibbaldia and Crassula).

46. Crassulaceae. Pets 3 — 20. An equal number of many-
seeded follicles with liypog. scales at the base. Stas as many
or gen. twice as many as pets. — Fleshy-succulent pis
with undiv. exstip. ls.

30. Spiraeaceae. Pets gen. 5. — Fr. composed of 2 to 10
2— 6-seeded follicles.

31. Rosaceae. Pets gen. 5. Achenes numerous, l-seeded
(rarely in Agrimonia 2 — l-seeded). Ls often compound, stipu¬
late. The AmggdaJacece are distinguishable by the drupe, the
Fomacece by the ovary and cal.-tube being joined, the San-
guisorbece by the absence of pets.

*) Of the perigynous monopetalse Oxycoccos, Phyteuma and Ja-
sione are almost polypetalous.

§ Ovary 1.

* Cor, irrcg.

28. Papiiionaceae. Cor. papilionaceous. Stas 10, 9 united,
and one free (diadelphous), (Cl. 17), or all the 10 united (mon-
adelphous), Cl. 16. Fr. a pod or articulate pod, rarely a 1 -seeded
nutlet. Ls often palmate or pinnate.

* Cor. reg.

Ligneous pis.

29. Amygdaleae. Stas numerous (20—30). Drupe with a
1-seeded stone.

26. Rhamnaceae. Stas 4 — 5, inserted on the cal., opp. the
pets. Drupe with 2 — 4 1 -seeded stones.

25. Celastraceae. Stas 4 — 5, inserted on a ring-shaped
disk, altern. with the pets. Fr. capsular, 3 — 5-colled, cells
3 — 1 -seeded.

27. Terebinthaceae. Stas 5. Fr. indehisc., 1-seeded, dry
or more or less drupe-like.

Herbaceous plants.

39. Lythraceae. Cal. with 6 — 12 unequally 2-seriate teeth
Stas 6 — 12, rarely fewer. Capsule gen. 2-celled, with many-
seeded cells.

44. Paronychiaceae. Cal. 4 — 5-partite. Stas 5, rarely 4. Fr.
gen. 1-celled, 1-seeded, indehisc., less often a several-celled
caps, with 3 — 4 valves (and then nearly allied to the stipulate
Alsinacete). Ls with scarious stipules. Pets often very small,
setaceous. The allied Scleranthacece are apetalous and exstipulate.

43. Portulacaceae. Cal. with 2 divisions, free or united.
Stas 3 — 12, rarely more. Caps 1-celled, sometimes many-seeded,
circumsciss, sometimes (Montia) 3-seeded, 3-valved. Ls rather
fleshy.

t Ovary inferior.

□ Fr. dry. — Stipules O.

0 Number of stas a multiple of that of the petals.

41. Philadelpheae. Caps, many-seeded. — Ligneous pis with
opp. ls.

0 Stas as many or twice as many as pets.

49. Saxifragaceae. Pets 5 — 4. Stas 10 — 8. Styles 2. Caps,
consisting of 2 carps, only free at the top (forming the beaks of the
fr.) — Carps, sometimes almost free. Chrysosplenium is apetalous.

44. Onagracese. Pets 4 or 2, in IsnardiaO. Stas 8, 4 or 2.
Style 1, filiform. Fr. a 4-celled, many-seeded caps., or (Circsea)
indehisc., 2-celled, 2-seeded, or by suppression 1-celled and
1-seeded, or (Trapa) drupe-like, 1-celled, 1-seeded.

35. Halorageae. Pets 4. Stas 8, rarely 4. Four sessile stigs.
Fr. dividing into 4 1-seeded carps. FIs monoecious. — Water

XYI

pis with whorled Is pectinately divided. Allied families are
the apetalous Hippuridece, Callitrichinece and Ceratophyllactce.

50. Umbelliferse. Pets 5. Stas 5 Styles 2. Fr. a schizo-
carp, composed of 2 1 -seeded carps suspended from a filiform,
gen. bifid carpophore. FIs in compound (rarely simple or in
form of capitula) umbels. Cl. 5.

□ Fr. succulent. Gen. ligneous pis.

* Stas 4 — 5.

51. Araliaceae. Pets 5. Stas 5. Style 1. Berry. — Ls altera.
FIs in umbels.

52. Cornaceae. Pets 4. Stas4. Style 1. Drupe. — Lsgen.opp.

48. Grossulariaceae. Pets 5, small. Stas 5. Style 2 — 4-fid.

Berry. — Ls altern., palmati-lobed.

53. Loranthaceae. FIs dioecious. Pets 4. Stas 4, opp. to
and united with the pets. Stig. sessile. Berry. — Parasites with
opp. ls.

* Stas numerous.

32. Pomaceae. Styles 2 — 5, rarely 1. Ovaries 1 — 5, united
with the cal. -tube which receives a fleshy development in the
form of a false berry- or drupe-like fruit crowned by the
cal. -limb.

33. Granateae. Style 1. Ovary several-celled. Fr. fleshy-
coriaceous, many-celled, the cells arranged in 2 rows one above
the other.

47. Cactaceae. Style 1. Ovary 1-celled. Fr. berry-like. —
Peculiarly formed pis. Stem much jointed. Ls gen. suppressed
to thorns.

Perigynous monopetalse. *)

Insertion of cor. perigynous or epigynous. Stas gen. inserted on the corolla.

Ovary inferior.

f FIs in a head surrounded by a common many-
leafed involucre. Fr. dry, 1 -seeded, indehisc.

Stas 5. Style 2-fid.

58. Compositae (Synantherse). Anthers united in a tube
surrounding the style. Cal.-limb consisting of scales, chaff, a pencil
of hairs, or 0. Cor. tubular, reg., terminated by 5 teeth ; or
tongue-shaped on one side; rarely bi-labiate. FIs hermaphro¬
dite or partly 1-sexual, rarely neuter. — Ls gen. altern. Cl. 19.

59. Ambrosiaceae. Anthers free. FIs monoecious, the males
iu separate capitula, the females enclosed, in pairs, in a hard¬
ened gen. prickly envelope.

*) Among perigynous polypetal® Trifolium, Portulaca and Montia
have pets more or less united.

XVII

Stas 4. Style entire.

57. Dipsacese. Each fl. in an involucel (exterior calyx)
closely enveloping the calyx (and later the fr.) — Ls opp. Fl3
hermaphrodite.

f FIs not in a head surrounded by a many-leafed
involucre.

* Number of stas equal to or less than the divisions

of the cor.

0 Ls alternate.

42. Cucurbitaceae. FIs 1-sexual. Stas 5, united in pairs,
the odd one free, or all free, with strangely twisted anthers.
Fr. fleshy with parietal placentae. — Gen. climbing pis with
spiral tendrils. Those of this country are gamopetalous.

60. Campanulacese. FIs hermaphrodite. Stas 5, free or
only slightly united. Fr. capsular, 2 — 3-celled (in some foreign
species 5-celled).

O Ls opp. or whorled.

56. Valerianaceae. Stas gen. 3 (1 — 3). Style 1. Fr. dry,
l-seeded, indehiscent, 3-celled with 2 empty and smaller
cells, or, through suppression of the empty cells, 1-celled. Ls
opp., exstipulate.

55. Stellatae (Rubiaceee). Stas gen. 4 (3 — 5). Styles 2,
free or united. Fr. a schizocarp. formed of 2 gen. globular,
l-seeded, indehiscent carps. — Ls whorled.

54. Caprifoliacese. Stas gen. 5. Style 1, or 3 sessile stigs.
Fr. fleshy, berry- or drupe-like. — Ls opp. Ligneous pis, more
rarely herbaceous.

* Stas twice as many as pets , 8 — 10.

61. Vacciniacese. Anthers prolonged upwards in 2 tubular
horns perforated at the top. Berry. — Shrubs. See Ericaceae.

Hypogynous monopetalae. *)

Insertion of the cor. hypogynous. Stas gen. inserted on the corolla.

Ovary superior.

§ Stas twice as many as the divisions of the
corolla, or (in Ebenaceae) indefinite.

62. Ericaceae. FIs hermaphrodite. Stas gen. 8 or 10,
rarely 5, inserted on the receptacle. Anther-cells opening by a
terminal pore, often prolonged to a spur. Caps., drupe or berry.
— Shrubs. The Pyrolacece and Monotropacece are distinguished
by the free pets and the absence of cotyledons, the Vacci -
niacece by the inf. ovary.

*) Among hypogynous polypetalse the pets of the following are more or
less united: Delphinium, Impatiens, Malvaceae, PolygalaceaB and Fu-
mariaceae.

XVIII

65. Ebenacese. FIs (in our species) dioecious. Stas inserted
on the cor., in the male fls gen. 16 (8 — 50). Berry. — Lig. pis.

§ Stas equal in number to, or fewer than the di¬
visions of the corolla.

0 Stas alternate w ith the cor .-divisions.

* Cor. regular (Comp. Boraginese and Solanacese.

84. Plantaginacese. Cor. scarious, persist., 4-lobed. Stas 4.
Fr. a roundish, dehisc. capsule or (Litorella), 1-seeded, indehiscent.

67. Oleaceae. Cor. 4-fid or 4-partite (in Fraxinus excel¬
sior 0). Stas 2. Ovary 2-celled. Caps., samara, berry or drupe.
Lig. pis with opp. Is.

68. Jasminaceae. Cor. 5 — 8-fid. Stas 2. Caps, or berry.
— Ls opp. or altern. Lig. pis.

66. Aquifoliaceae. Cor. gen. 4-partite. Stas gen. 4. Ovary
gen. 4-celled. Fr. drupaceous. — Lig. pis with altern. (spiny) ls.

69. Asclepiadeae. Cor. 5-fid. Stas 5. Filaments united
and provided with appendages which form a secondary corolla.
Pollen grains as in Orchidacese, united in 2 definitely formed
masses. Ovaries 2, separated. Fr. : 2 1 -celled follicles of
which one is often barren. — Ls gen. opp., entire.

70. Apocynaceae. As above, but stas free and pollen
granular.

71. Gentianaceae. Cor. gen. 5-(4— 10)fid. Stas gen. 5 (4—10),
free. Ovary 1-cell ed. Fr. capsular, many-seeded, gen. dehiscing
by 2 valves. — Ls gen. opposite.

73. Convolvulaceae. Cor. 4— 5-fid. Stas 4—5, free. Fr.
capsular, gen. 2-celled, cells 1 — 2-seeded. — Gen. climbing herbs
with altern. ls. Cuscuta: a leafless parasite without cotyledons.

72. Polemoniaceae. Cor. 5-fid. Stas 5, free. Ovary 3-cell ed.
Caps. 3-valved.

74. Boragineae (Asperifoliee). Cor. 5-fid or with 5 teeth.
Stas 5, free. Fr. dividing into 4, 1-seeded (rarely 2, 2-seeded),
nutlets. — PI often rough with stiff hairs. Ls altern. Fls gen.
in racemes or scorpioid spikes, rolled up before flowering.
Echium has a rather irreg. corolla. Cl. 5.

75. Solanaceae. Cor. 5-fid. Stas 5, free. Ovary 2-celled.
Fr. capsular or berry-shaped, many-seeded. Embryo gen. curved.
— Ls altern. or the upper ones in pairs. Hyoscyamus has a
rather irreg. cor. Cl. 5.

* Cor. more or less irreg. (lobes almost equal in some Scrophula-
riacese and Labiatse).

76. Scrophulariaceae (Verbascete, Antirrhiuese, Rhinanthem).
Cor. with unequal lobes, or bilabiate, often ringent, deciduous.
Stas 4, didynamous i. c. 2 shorter and 2 longer or (Scrophu-
laria) a fifth transformed into a staminode; rarely (Verbascum)
5 stas of unequal lengths, or (Veronica) only 2. Ovary gen.

XIX

2-cel led. Fr. capsular. — One part of the pis of this family,
probably all the Rhinanthese (genera 426— 432 : cells of anthers
prolonged to a point at the base) are parasites on the roots
of other pis, they have green Is which easily become black;
(radical Is often 0). The genus Lathrsea which was formerly
included in Orobanchacese is, like these, furnished with scales
instead of Is and has a 1-seeded capsule.

77. Orobanchaceae. Cor. bilabiate, persist. Stas 4, didyna-
mous. Ovary and caps. 1-celled. Placentas parietal. — Leafless
parasitic pis.

80. Lentibulariaceae (Utricularere). Cor. bilabiate, spurred.
Stas 2. Anthers 1-celled. Fr. capsular, 1-celled, many-seeded.
Ovary with free central placentas, many-ovuled as in Primu-
lacece. — Aquatic or marsh pis.

78. Labiatae. Cor. gen. bilabiate, rarely 1-lipped or with
nearly equal divisions. Stas 4, 2 longer and 2 shorter, rarely
(Salvia) only 2. Style basal. Fr. separating at maturity into
4 1-seeded nutlets. — Ls opp. FIs in 2 opp. clusters (cymes with
very short axes) so called verticillasters. Fr. formed as in Bora -
ginece but cor. irreg., stas didynamous and ls opp. Cl. 14.

79. Verbenaceae. Style terminal, otherwise as above.

82. Globulariaceae. Cor. bilabiate Stas 4. Fr. dry, 1-seeded,
indehisc. FIs united in a capitulum surrounded by a com¬
mon involucre.

0 Stas opp. ami equal to cor. -lobes.

83. Plumbagineae. Ovary with a single ovule suspended
from the top of a central funicle. Styles 5, united at the b:\se.
Fr. an indehisc. utricle.

81. Primulaceae. Ovary with free central placenta, many-
ovuled. Style 1. Fr. capsular. Samolus has a half inf. ovary.

Apetalae. *)

f The absolute male fls never in catkins.

§ Ls several together in whorls. — Fr. 1-seeded , inde-
hiscent. Water pis.

36. Hippuridese. Fls hermaphrodite. Perianth sup., indis¬
tinct. Sta. 1. — Ls undivided.

38. Ceratophyllacese. FI. monoecious. Perianth inf., multi¬
partite. Stas numerous.— Ls several times dichotomous.

*) This division is more artificial and should be regarded as consisting
of the apetalous elements of different families, especially of the division Poly-
petalae. — Among bypog. Polypetalse several Ranunculaceee and some Alsinaceae
and Cruciferae are apetalous; among perig. Polypetalae : Peplis, Isnardia,
Chrysosplenium ; among hypog. Monopetal® : Fraxinus excelsior; among
perig. Monopetal® : Xanthium (fern. fl.).

XX

§ Ls opp. or alternate.

* Ovary inferior.

91. SantalaceaB. Perianth 4— 5-fid. Stas 4 — 5. Fr. 1-celled,
1-seeded, indehisc. Partly root-parasites; nearly allied to Lo-
ranthacece and like these with nude ovules (envelopes wanting).

93. Aristolochiaceae. Perianth 8-fid or tubular, tongue¬
shaped. Stas 6, united to the style (Aristolochia), or 12 free
(Asarum). Fr. 6-celled, many-seeded, capsular. — Ls cordate or
reniform at the base.

* Ovary free.

0 Fr. separating into several 1-seeded carpels.

95. Euphorbiaceae (incl. Acalyphacem and Buxacese). FIs
monoecius or dioecious. Perianth 0 or (Mercurialis) with 3 di¬
visions. Styles 2 — 3, often 2-fid. Fr. consisting of 3 carpels
which separate, at maturity, from the central persist, axis.

37. CallitrichineaB. FIs 1-sexual, gen. furnished with 2 mem¬
branous bracts. Perianth 0. Sta. 1. Stigs 2. Fr. dividing at
last into 4 cells (carps). — Water pis with opp. ls and axillary,
scarcely visible fls.

0 Fr. undiv., 1-celled, 1-seeded.

f Ls with (sometimes decid.) stipules.

88. Polygonaceas. Stipules extending beyond the base of
the petiole and surrounding the stem as a sheath. Perianth
3 — 6-partite, green or coloured.

96. Urticaceae (inch Canabineae, More®). Stipules free or
united among themselves. Perianth 3 — 6-partite, gen. green.
Fls monoecious, dioecious or"’ polygamous. — Pis varying much
in form.

31. Sanguisorbaae. Stipules united to the petiole. Perianth
(cal.) 4- or 8-partite. — Ls imparipinnate or palmati-lobed or
-sect. See Rosacese.

f Ls exstipulate.

□ Seed exalbuminous.

90. Laurineae. Stas inserted at the base of the perianth.
Anthers each opening upwards by an ascending valve.

89. Thymeleaceae. Stas inserted in the throat or tube of
the perianth. Style 1. Achene dry or drupaceous.

□ Seed albuminous.

92. ElaBagnaceae. Stas and style as above. Fr. surrounded
by the (now) fleshy perianth tube and appearing like a drupe.
— Lig. pis with scaly ls.

45. ScleranthaceaB. Stas as above. Styles 2. — Ls opp. Dis¬
tinguished from Paronychiacece in the want of cor. and stipules
Embryo annular as in the 2 following.

86. ChenopodiaceaB (Salsolacese). Stas inserted on the base
of perianth or on the receptacle. Perianth herbaceous or fleshy.

XXI

FIs gen. ebracteate. Embryo annular or surrounding the albumen
spirally.

85. Amaranthaceae. Same characters, but perianth more or
less membranous and fls with 2 bracts.

87. Phytolacaceae. Fr. a true, 10-celled, berry.

t Fls unisexual in separate inflorescences, the
males at least in catkins (Amentacese). Lig. pis.

* Fls monoecious. (Cl. 21.)

98. Juglandeae. Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled. Drupe 2-valved.
- — Ls imparipinnate. Rather allied to Terebinthacere.

99. Fagineae (Quercinese). Ovary 3 — many-celled, cells 2-
ovuled. Styles or stigs 3 — several. Male fls with 5 — 10-fid or
-partite perianth. Achene 1 -seeded, nut-like, single or several
together, surrounded by a cupule.

100. Carpineae (Coryleee). Ovary 2-celled, cells 1-ovuled.
Styles 2, filiform. Male fls without perianth. Achene 1-seeded,
surrounded by an involucre.

101. Betulaceae. Ovary and styles as above. Male fls with
perianth divisions free or united.

97. Platanaceae. Ovary 1-celled, cell 2-ovuled. Perianth 0.
Male and female fls in globular catkins suspended on long
peduncles.

Fls dioecious. (Cl. 22.)

102. Salicaceae. Fr. a 2-valved, many-seeded capsule. Seed
crowned with a tuft of hairs.

Monocotyledons.

a) Perianth complete, gen. with 6 divisions, su¬
perior.

§ Seeds albuminous.

116. Dioscoreaceae. Fls dioecious. Perianth resembling a
calyx, slightly coloured. Stas 6. Berry. — Stem winding. Ls
ne t- veined.

114. Amaryliideae. Fls hermaphrodite. Perianth petaloid.
Stas 6, capsule. — Bulbous pis with linear ls. Distinguished
from Liliacece by their inf. ovary.

113. Irideae. Same characters, but stas 3. — Pis with noded
or bulbous root-stock. Ls linear or ensiform.

§ Seed exalbuminous.

112. Orchidaceae. Fls hermaphrodite. Perianth irreg., the
3 outer and 2 inner perianth divisions fairly similar; the third
inner one (the lip) gen. turned downwards by the torsion of
the ovary, peculiarly formed and often prolonged to a spur.
Stas united with the stig. in a column (gynostegium), the
2 lateral ones gen. barren, the central one fertile (in Cypri-

XXII

pedium the 2 lateral ones fertile). Pollen grains cohering to¬
gether in 2 — 4 pollen-masses of definite form. Capsule. Pis
often having tuberous roots. Cl. 20 (Grynandria).

103. Hydrocharideae. FIs dioecious, enclosed, before the
anthesis, in a spathe of 1 —2 valves. Perianth divisions 6, the
8 outer ones herbaceous, the 3 inner ones petaloid. Fr. gen.
berry-like. — Water pis.

b) Perianth complete, gen. with 6 divisions (comp.

Asparagacese), inferior.

* Fr. consisting of several free or partly united carps, or a schi-

zocarp.

104. Alismaceae. Divisions of the perianth 6, the 3 outer ones
herbaceous, the 3 inner ones petaloid. Stas 6 — many. Ovaries
6 — many, 1 — 2-ovuled. Seed exalbuminous.

105. Butomace*. Perianth as above. Stas 9. Ovaries 6,
many-ovuled. Seed exalbuminous.

106. Juncagineae. Perianth divisions similar, herbaceous or
slightly coloured. Stas 6. Ovaries 3 — 6, 1 — 2-ovuled. Seed exal¬
buminous. — Ls linear, narrow.

118. Colchicacese (Melanthacese). Perianth divisions peta¬
loid (in Tofieldia slightly coloured). Stas 6. Ovaries 6, many-
ovuled. Seed albuminous.

* Ovary single, undivided. Capsule or berry. — Seed albuminous.

117. Liliaceae. Perianth petaloid. Stas 6. Capsule. — Pis
often having bulbs.

115. AsparagaceaB (Smilacese). Perianth gen. petaloid. Stas
6, rarely 4 or 8. Berry. — Pis with root-stocks.

119. Juncaceae. Perianth glumaceo u s. Stas 6 or 3. Capsule.
— Resembling Cyperacese in habit but with a perianth and a
capsular fruit.

c) Perianth O or incomplete, formed of hairs or

scales (in Acorus fairly complete).

1. Pis preferring marshes or damp places. FIs drawn
together on a fleshy axis (spadix), without glumaceous
bracts. Boot-stock tuberous or creeping. Fr. inde-
hiscent. Seed albuminous.

111. Aroideae. FIs unisexual or hermaphrodite on a spadix
supported by a large bract or surrounded by a spathe. Fr. dry
or berry-like.— L s cordate or sagittate, in Acorus linear.

110. Typhaceae. FIs unisexual, male and female in sepa¬
rate cylindrical or globular inflorescences. Fr. dry. — Ls linear,
grass-like.

XXIIJ

2. Submerged or floating water pis. FIs solitary or

in spikes.

108. Naiadaceae. FIs monoecious or dioecious, male fls
with a perianth. Sta. 1. Ovary 1. Seed exalbuminous. — Sub¬
merged pis.

107. Potamaceae. Perianth 0 (in Potamogeton the anther-
appendages resemble a perianth), or the female fl. with a cam-
panulate, membranous perianth. Stas 1 — 4. Ovaries several.
Seed exalbuminous. — Water pis having Is.

109. Lemnaceae. Small floating pis without Is, and with
flattened articulate stem (frond). Perianth 0. Seed albuminous.

3. Grasses or glumacece with narrow Is. Fls surrounded

by glumaceous bracts , solitary or in spikes. — Fr.
a 1-seeded achene. Seed rich in albumen.

120. Cyperaceae. Fl. in the axil of a single glume. An¬
thers fixed by their bases to the top of the filaments. Style 1,
div. into 2—3 stigs. — Stem gen. 3-cornered, nodes 0 or in¬
distinct. Sheaths closed.

121. Gramineae. Each fl. between 2 glumes. Anthers fixed
by their centres. Styles geu. 2. — Stem gen. round, with node¬
like articulations. Sheaths gen. open, their inner membrane
prolonged at the base of the Is into a membranous tongue (ligule).

Gymnosperms.

122. Conifarae (Gnetacese, Taxine®, Cupressine®, Abie-
tine®). Fl monoecious or dioecious ; the males in catkins, the
females solitary (Taxus), or in cone-shaped or berry-like catkins.
Perianth 0 (except in Ephedra). Lig. pis geu. with acicular Is.

Vascular cryptogams.

1, Spores, some large (1 in each sporocarp), some

small (numerous in each sporocarp). — Pis
creeping in the mud or ( Salviniaceae, which
are not found in this country) floating in the
water, of very varying habit. Hydropterides.

123. Marsiliaceae. Sporocarps at the bases of Is, enclosed
in a fruit-like envelope.

2. Sporocarps containing several spores, solitary

in the leaf-axils. Bryopterides.

124. Isoetese. Rhizome short, bulbous, with much longer,
subulate Is. Sporocarps of two sorts, the ono with large spores,
the other with smaller, more numerous ones.

125. Selaginellacese. Habit of the following family but spo¬
rocarps as in the last.

XXIV

126. Lycopodiacese. Stem more or less elongated, often
dichotomous, covered with numerous small, simple Is. Sporo-
carps all of the same form in the axils of bracts resembling
Is, or of bracts having a different form (and being then united
in spikes).

3. Sporocarps with several spores, arranged on

the inner face of peltate, whorled scales which
are disposed in the form of a terminal spike.
Spores all of the same form. Stem articulate,
simple, or with whorled branches. Ls reduced
to toothed sheaths. Ganopterides.

127. Equisetaceae. Spores each surrounded by 4 elastic,
thread-like appendages, club-shaped at the top and rolled
spirally round the spores.

4. Sporocarps containing several spores arranged

in groups on the underside of the (some¬
times modified) ls. Spores all of the same
form. Stem inarticulate, forming a rhizome;
but ls (fronds) developed, often much di¬
vided, gen. rolled up (like a watch-spring)
while young. Filices.

125. Ophiogiosseae. Fronds not rolled up spirally while
young, of two kinds, the one fertile, modified (in the form of
a panicle or spike), the other barren. Sporocarps let into the
leaf-substance, opening by a longitudinal fissure.

129. Osmundaceae. Fronds rolled up spirally while young.
Sporocarps pedicelled, arranged in a panicle in the upper (trans¬
formed) part of the frond, without an elastic ring, opening
by 2 valves.

130. Polypodiaceae. Fronds rolled up spirally when young.
Sporocarps united on the lower side of the frond (modified or
not by fructification) in groups (sori) of various forms, which
are often covered by an indusium, surrounded by an articulate,
elastic ring and bursting irregularly.

First, second class.

l

II. Table for determining the genus.

Cl. 1. Monandria

1. Aquatic pis with indistinct fls

— Land pis

2. Ls wliorled. Style 1 .

— Ls opp. Styles 2

3. Style 1

— Styles 2

4. Ls opp. Cor. spurred (rose or red)

— Ls altern. Cor. 0

5. Herbaceous pis. See Cl. 5, 133 .

— Graminese. See Cl. 3, 40

. 2

3

. Hippuris. 190.
Callitriche. 191.

. 4

. 5

Centranthus. 278
Alchemilla. 175
Blitum. 488.
Vulpia. 654.

2

Cl. 2. Diandria.

1. Lig. pis with opp. Is ......

— Herbaceous pis ....... 5

— Gramme© or Glumaceee ...... 13

2. Pets 4 or 0. Ls pinnate . . . Fraxinus. 380.

— Cor. gamopetalous, 4 — 8-fid . .... 3

3. Cor. 5— 8-fid. Ls pinnatisect . . Jasminum. 381.

— Cor. 4-fid. Ls undivided ...... 4

4. Fr. a drupe. Ls grayish white underneath Olea. 377.

— Fr. capsular. Ls oval-cordate . . . Syringa. 379.

— Fr. berry-shaped. Ls oblong-lanceolate . Ligustrum. 378.
5(1). PI. composed of small fronds floating freely on the wrater

Lemna. 535.

— Pis with stems and ls ...... (i

Lepidium. 67.

. 7

Circaea. 187.
. 8
. .9

. 10

6. Seps 4. Cor. 0 ....

— Cal. and cor. both present

7. Pets 2; deeply 2-fid ....

— Cor. gamopetalous. ....

8. Cor. spurred, bilabiate or personate .

— Cor. not spurred ....

9. Cal. 5-partite. Fls violet or white, solitary. Ls non divided,

in rosettes. Marsh pis . . . Pinguicula. 466.

— Seps 2. Fls yellow, 3 — 10. Ls capillary-multifid, root¬
like, with air-bladders. Aquatic pis Utricularia 467.

10. Ovary 4-partite. 4 aclienes. (Ls opp.) . . .11

— Ovary undiv. Caps. 2-celled ..... 12

11. Cor. 4-fid (lobes almost equal) . . . Lycopus. 437.

— Cor. bilabiate ..... Salvia. 438.

12. Cor. rotate (gen. blue), 4-fid, one lobe rather larger,
ebracteate ...... Veronica. 423.

— Cor. tubular-infuudibuliform (whitish), bilabiate — 4-fid, with

2 bracts like the cal. -lobes . . . Gratiola. 421.

•>

Second, third class.

13 (1). Styles 2. Graminese . . . Anthoxanthum. 622*

— Style 1. Cyperaceae. Cl. 3, 72.

Cl. 3. Triandria.

1. Styles 1—2 ........ 2

— Styles 3. (Ls opp. or whorled. FI. white.) . . 79

2. Floral envelope composed of cal. and cor. Ls opp. 3

— FI. envelope composed of cal. and cor. Ls whorled

Asperula. 275.

— FI. envelope simple or suppressed. Ls altern. whorled or 0 5

3. Cor. inf., 5-partite, white. Capsule. Seps 2. Ls entire.

Montia. 199.

— Cor. sup. Fr. an acliene . .... 4

4. Cal. -limb developing at maturity into a feathery pappus.

Perenn. pis ..... Valeriana. 279.

— Cal -limb toothed at maturity. Ann. pis Valerianella. 280.

5 (2). FIs with a distinct perianth, not in a spike . 6*

— FIs in a spike. Perianth 0 or suppressed . . 9

6. Perianth green (sepaloid), 5-partite. FIs solitary, axillary.

Ls acicular . Polycnemum. 486.

— Perianth scarious, 6-partite. Rushes . Juncus. 597.

— Perianth petaloid, coloured, with a 6-partite limb . 7

7. Perianth irreg., almost bilabiate (rose-coloured). FIs in a

spike . Gladiolus. 566.

— Perianth regular ....... 8

8. Lobes of the perianth campanulate-infundibuliform, con-
nivent, with an elongated tube. Stigs clavate. Ls linear’
springing, like the fl. from the root . Crocus. 565.

— The 3 outer lobes of the perianth bent back. Stigs large,
petaloid, covering the stas. Ls ensiform, partly equitant.

Iris. 597.

9 (5). True grasses (Gramineae). FIs (i. e. stas and styles)
between two scales (glumellas). Styles gen. 2. Stem gen.
round, articulate, with nodes. Sheaths gen. open . 10

— Sedge 8 (Cyperaceae). FIs in the axil of single scales

fglumellas). Style 1. Stem gen. 3-angular, nodes 0 or in¬
distinct. Sheaths closed ...... 72

10. Spikelets s e s s i 1 e or very shortly peduncled, forming a spike

i. e. sessile on the rachis (immediate prolongation of the
stem) ......... 11

— Spikelets peduncled, forming a panicle, which, however,

is sometimes contracted like a spike (the spikelets always
in clusters on separate twigs) ..... 24

11. A solitary spike terminating the stem. Stig. uncoloured 12

Several spikes (2 — 11) digitate at the top of the stem.
Stig. red . 22

Third class.

3

12. Spikelets in fascicles (about 10 in number) arranged in
an interrupted spike. Only Italian Switzerland.

Oplismenus. 614.

— Spikelets 3 (2 — 5) together . .... J 3

— Spikelets almost always solitary .... 13

13. Spikelets applied against lateral cavities of the rachis 14

— Spikelets not in the cavities of the rachis. Only Tess.

Heteropogon. 612.

14. Spikelets with only 1 fl. . . . . Hordeum. 664.

— Spikelets with 2 fls*) . . . Elymus. 663.

15 (12). Lower glumella with a dorsal awn Gaudinia. 659.

— Lower glumella awnless or with a terminal awn IS

16. Glumes 0. Style (or stig.) 1 Nardus. 666.

— Glumes 1 — 2. Stigs. 2 ..... 17

17. Lateral spikelets with only 1 glume, the narrow side
against the rachis ..... Lolium. 665.

— Spikelets with 2 glumes, the broad side to the rachis 18

18. Spikelets entirely sessile ...... IT)

— Spikelets very shortly (but distinctly) pedicelled . 20a

19. Glumes linear-acicular; spikelets with 2 fls and a third
suppressed (or occasionally developed) . Secale. 662.

— Glumes oval, lanceolate or lanceolate-linear. Spikelets with

3 — several fls ...... 20

20. Spikelets more or less swollen. Glumes oval or oblong

Triticum 661.

— Spikelets not swollen. Glumes lanceolate or linear-oblong

Agropyrum. 660-

20a (18). Spikelets with 1 fl. Dwarf-grass. . Mibora- 624bis

— Spikelets with 3 — several fls . . . . 21

21. Glumes with 3 — 7 nerves. Ovary hairy at the top.

Brachypodium. 657.

— Glumes with 1 — 3 nerves. Ovary glabrous Nardurus. 658.

22 (11). Spikelets solitary, awnless . . Cyncdon. 625.

— Spikelets in pairs ....... 23

23. The sessile spikelet hermaphrodite, awued; the pedicelled

spikelet male, awnless. . . . Andropcgon. 610.

— Both spikelets hermaphrodite and awnless Digitaria. 615.
24 (10). Panicle contracted (also during the flowering period)

into a more or less dense spike .... 23

— Panicle loose, sometimes racemose, but, at any rate during

the anthesis, spreading ... ... 42

25. Spikelets 1-fld ....... 20

— Spikelets with 2 — several fls . . . . . 34

*) In the species belonging to this country the spikelets have often only
1 fl., with a second rudimentary fl. ; they may be easily distinguished from all
species of Hordeum by the spathes being rough with retrorse hairs.

4

Third class.

26. Upper glume covered on the back with numerous hooked

prickles. Only in Wallis . . Tragus. 613.

— Upper glume without these prickles . . . 27

27. Spikelets with numerous awn-like bristles at the base

Selaria. 618.

— Spikelets without these bristles .... 28

28. Glumes with a long awn springing from an incision in the

point . Polypogon. 629.

— Glumes awnless or, in Phleum, with a short awn 29

29. Glumella single, awn inserted on the back Alopecurus. 623.

— Gluraellas 2 ....... 30

30. Stigs springing from the top of the spikelet . . 31

— Stigs springing from the base or side of the spikelet 33

31. Glumes with a winged keel . . . Phalaris. 620.

— Glumes with a wingless keel ..... 32

32. Spikelets with or without a rudimentary upper second fl.

Stas 3 . Phleum. 624.

— Spikelets with a central hermaphrodite fl, 2 empty lateral
glumellas, and rudiments of 2 lower fls. Stas 2.

Anthoxanthum. 622.

33 (30). Glumellas with hair at the base which is, at least,

longer than the diameter of the glumella. Glumes com¬
pressed-convex .... Calamagrostis. 631.
— Glumellas without hairs at the base. Glumes much compress¬
ed, the base swollen, almost globular Gastridium. 632.

34 (25). A pectinate bract composed of barren glumellas at

36

37

38.

39.

40.

41.

Cynosurus. 625.
. 35

. Stipa. 627.
36

filiform. Spici-
Sesleria. 639.

the side of the spikelet

— This bract not present
35. Awns 15 — 30 cm long

— Awns much shorter or 0
Stigs springing from the end of the fl
form panicle oval or oblong

Stigs. springing from the base or side, plumose . 37
Awns springing from above or below the centre of the
back of the glumella ...... 38

Awns 0, or springing from near the top . . 39

Fr. not grooved. Ls flat . . . Triselum. 640.

Fr. grooved. Ls setaceous .... Aira. 641.

Spikelets with clavate rudiments (suppressed fls) Melica. 643.
Fls all complete ....... 40

Sta 1. Lower glume with a long awn . Vulpia. 654.
Stas 3......... 41

Lower glume with 3, upper with 7 nerves. Stem leafy up to
the panicle. Only in Wall. . . Sclerochloa. 646.

— Lower glume with 1, upper with 3 nerves. Stem only leafy

at the base or up to the middle . . Kceleria. 635.

42 (24). Spikelets 1-fld. . . . 43

— Spikelets with 2 — many fls .... 52

Third class.

5

43. Glumes 0 ...... Oryza. 619.

— Glumes 2 ........ 44

44. Branches of the panicle simple, terminated by 3 spikelets

Pollinia. 611.

— Branches of the panicle (or secondary branches) bearing

several spikelets . ...... 45

45. Panicle composed of spikes . . Echinochloa. 616.

— Panicle not composed of spikes .... 46

46. Leaf-sheaths with numerous long spreading hairs

Panicum. 617.

— Leaf-sheaths without long spreading hairs. . . 47

47. Stigs springing from the top of the spikelet. Glumellas

awnless ...... Phalaris. 620.

— Stigs springing from the base or side of the spikelet 48

48. FIs surrounded by long hairs at the base . . 4! >

— FIs without, or with very short, hairs . . . 60

49. Awn almost 3 times as long as the glumella

Lasiagrostis. 628.

— Awn 0 or scarcely longer than the glumella

Calamagrostis. 631.

50. Hairs at the base of the fls about Vs as long as the glu¬
mellas . Calamagrostis. 631.

— Hairs 0 or extremely short . . . . .61

51. Glumellas hardened at maturity, cartilaginous Milium. 626.

— Glumellas membranous, not hardened Agrostis. 630.

52 (42). Stigs springing like a brush from below the summit

of the fl. ........ 63

— Stigs springing from the base, plumose . . . 64

53. Spikelets with long silky hairs; fl. with 3 stas

Phragmites. 633.

— Spikelets without silky hairs; the 2Materal (lower) fls male,

with 3 stas, the central (upper) fl. hermaphrodite, with
2 stas . Hierochloa. 621.

54. Lower branches of the panicle solitary (altern.), terminated,

like the secondary branches, by clusters of crowded spike¬
lets . Dactylis. 651.

— Branches of the panicle solitary or in pairs, or whorled.

Spikelets not crowded ...... 66

55. Some, at any rate, of the fls awned . . 66

— None of the fls awned ...... 64

56. Spikelets with 2 fls, one of which is male . . 67

— Spikelets with 2 — several fls, all hermaphrodite . 68

57. The upper fls male. Awns short . . Holcus. 637.

— The lower fl. male. Awns long. . Arrhenatherum. 638.

58. Lower glumella with an awn at the middle or base of its

back ......... 60

— Lower glumella with an awn at the top or, when this is

incised, in the incision ...... 61

6

Third class.

59. Lower glumella truncate-denticulate at the top. Spikelets

small . Deschampsia. 636.

— Top of the lower glume 2-dentate or 2-fid . . GO

60. Fr. pubescent, furrowed on the inner side. Spikelets fairly

large (12 — 30 mm) with 2 — several fls Avena. 639.

— Fr. glabr., not furrowed. Spikelets small (5 — 8 mw), with

2 — 3 fls. . Trisetum. 640.

— Fr. glabr., furrowed on the inner side. Spikelets very

small, about 2 w, with 2 fls . . . Aira. 641.

61 (58). Lower glumella shortly 3-toothed or 3-fid at the top,
with a long awn in the notch. Glumes as long as the
spikelet . Danthonia. 642.

— Lower glumella not 3-toothed. Glumes shorter than the
spikelet ......... G2

62. Stigs inserted b e 1 o w the top of the ovary Bromus. 656.

— Stig. (rel. style) inserted at the top of the ovary . 03

63. Stig. red ....... IVlolinia. 650-

— Stig. uncoloured ..... Festuca. 655.

64 (55). Spikelets with clavate rudiments of suppressed fls

EVIelica. 643.

— Spikelets with the fls all complete . . . 05

65. Spikelets rounded-cordate, on slender quivering pedicels

Briza. 644.

— Spikelets oblong, lanceolate or linear . . . 00

66. Lower leaf-sheaths covering the nodes, whence the stem

appears inarticulate .... IVlolinia. 650.
Lower leaf-sheaths not covering all the nodes . 07

67. Axis of the spikelet, as also the upper glumella, persistent.
Spikelets narrow, many-fld, Cyperus-like Eragrostis. 645

— Fls of the spikelets detaching themselves by joints 08

68. Ann. pis, the spikelets with short, thick pedicels. Glumes
almost equal ...... Scleropoa. 653.

— Perenn. pis ........ 09

69. Spikelets 2-fld. Pis growing in or near water

Catabrosa. 649.

— Spikelets with many fls ..... 70

70. Fr. adherent to or united with the glumellas (except F.
sylvatica). Lower glumella pointed or acuminate Festuca. 655.

— Fr. free ......... 7 1

71. Lower glumella with a rounded back and obtuse or trun¬
cate tip. Pis preferring the water . . Glyceria. 648.

— Lower glumella keeled, pointed or acuminate Poa. 647.

72 (9). Glumellas more or less distinctly distichous . 73

— Glumellas irreg. imbricate . . . . .7 4

73. Spikelets united in a fascicle or corymb, with 20 — 30 fer¬
tile glumellas ...... Cyperus. 599.

— Spikelets in a head, glumellas 6 — 9, the lower ones barren

Schcenus. 600.

Third, fourth class.

I

74 Achenes surrounded by long hairs (hypog. bristles) forming
a cottony tuft ..... Eriophorum. 006.

— Achenes without these hypog. hairs, or with them shorter

than the glumellas ....... 75

75. Lower glumellas shorter than the upper (stem leafy) 76*

— Lower glumellas not shorter than the upper . . 77

76. Leaf margins coarsely denticulate. Stem 10 dm and more

Cladium. 601.

— Leaf-margins less coarse, not denticulate. Stem 2 — 4 dm

Rhynchospora. 602.

77. Style filiform, inarticulate, deciduous . Scirpus. 604.

— Style dilated at the base, persistent

78. Spikelets solitary, terminal . . Heleocharis

— Spikelets several .... Fimbristylis
79 (1). Cor. gamopetalous, 5-partite, one of the divisions reaching

to the base. Seps 2. .... Monti a. 199.

— Pets 3 .....

— Pets 5. Ls opp. or in whorls of 4

80. Ls whorled .....

— Ls opposite .....

81. Caps 3-valved. Ls with scarious stipules Polycarpon

— Caps opening by 6 teeth. Ls exstipulate

82. Pets denticulate at the top . . . Holosteum. 108.

— Pets 2-partite ..... Stellaria. 109.

78

603.

605.

. 80
81

Elodea. 526.
Elatine. 112.
2<)4.
82

Cl. 4. Tetrandria.

1. Ls in whorls of 4—12 ( Stellatce ) . ... 2

— Ls never all whorled, sometimes 0 at the time of flower¬
ing .......... 5

2. Cor. stellate, rotate or fiat campanulate ... 3

— Cor. infundibuliform or infundibuliform-campanulate (the

tube distinct, often long) ...... 1

3. Fr. succulent. Stig clavate . . . Rubia. 276.

— Fr. dry. Stig capitate .... Galium. 277.

4. Cal.-limb distinct, with 6 teeth, persist, on the fr.

Sherardia. 274.

— Cal.-limb with 4 teeth, or indistinct,
the fr. .....

5 (1). Ligneous pis ....

— Herbs or sutfrutescent pis

6. Styles 2. Cor. 0

— Styles 4. Cor. deeply 4-partite, white

— Style 1 .....

7. Pets superior, white or yellow

— Pets inf., greenish ....

8. Stas opp. the pets. Drupe

— Stas altern. with the pets. Fr. capsular

disappearing on
Asperula. 275.

6

O

Ulmus. 508.
. Ilex. 376.

7

Cornus. 267.

8

Rhamnus. 130.
Evonymus. 129.

8

Fourth class.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15

16.

17.

18.

19

20.

21

22.

23.

24

25.

26.
27.

Leafless parasites with a filiform stem and small clustered fls

Cuscuta. 392.

Leafy pis ........ 10

11
21
12
21
13
15
Trapa. 188.
11

Floral envelope composed of cal. and cor.

FI. envelope simple (cal. or perianth)

Style 1 ....

Styles 2 — 4 (Caps. Ls opp.)

Pets 4 ....

Cor. gamopetalous .

Cor. sup. Water pis. Fr. a nut
Cor. inf. Land pis
Pets red, with para-cor. of 4 yellow, hood-shaped pets

Epimedium. 22.

Pets white. Para-cor. 0 . . . . Cardamine. 36.

(12). Fls in a head surrounded by a calyx-like involucre.
Ls opp. ( Dipsacece ) . . . . . .16

Fls solitary, in whorls, heads, or spikes (comp, also some
Labiatse — Mentha , Chaiturus and Verbena , Cl. 14) 19

Stem prickly . . .... Dipsacus. 281-

Stem without prickles ...... 17

Recept. with hairs instead af palese . Knautia. 283.
Recept. with palese ....... 18

Outer cal. with 8 teeth .... Cephaiaria. 282.

Outer cal. with a herbaceous, 4-fid, limb Succisa. 284.
Outer cal. with a scarious, transparent, campanulate or
rotate limb .... . . Scabiosa. 285.

(15). Fls solitary in the l.-axils. Cor. shorter than cal.

Centunculus. 471.

Fls in heads or spikes ...... 20

Cor. (scarious) reg. with 4-partite limb and prominent stas

Plantago. 482.

Cor. (blue) irreg. bilabiate . . . Globularia. 480.

(11). Cor. gamopet., 4-fid, blue .
Pets 4, white

Divisions of the cal. 2 — 3-fid .
Divisions of the cal. entire
Styles 4. Caps. 8-toothed
Styles 4. Caps. 4-valved
Styles 2. Caps. 2-valved .

(10). Style 0 (stigs 4). Water pis
undiv. Is ....

Style 1. Land or bog pis
Cor. or perianth sup. Ls entire
Cor. or perianth inf. Ls altern.

Ls opp., broad

Gentiana. 388.

22

Radiola. 114.
. 23

Cerastium. 110.
Sagina. 103.
Buffonia. 104.
with fls in spikes and
Potamogeton. 532.

. 25

. 26
. 27

Isnardia. 186.
Thesium. 497.

Ls altern., narrow .

L 8 pinnate. Fls in dense terminal heads Sanguisorba. 176.
Ls undiv., lobed or palmatipartite .... 28

Fourth, fifth class.

9

28. Cal. 8-fid. Ls lobed or palmatipartite Alchemilla. 175.

— Cal. 4-fid or -partite. Ls undiv . 20

29. FI. hermaphrodite in a terminal raceme. Perianth petaloid,

white . Smilacina. 576

— FIs polygam., in axillary clusters. Perianth herbaceous,

green . Parietaria. 506.

Cl. 5. Pentandria.

1. Style 1 ..... .

— Styles 2 ....

— Styles (or stigs) 3 — several

2. Floral envelope composed of cal. and co

— Floral envelope simple (perianth or cal.)

8. Cor. polypetalous

— Cor. gamopet. (monopet.)

4. Cor. sup. Ligneous pis

— Cor. inferior ....

5. Ls coriaceous, evergreen. Ivy

— Ls herbaceous, falling in autumn. Currant

6. Cor. reg., not spurred. Ligneous pis

— Cor. irreg., spurred. Herbs

7. Ls palmatilobed. Vine

— Ls undiv. .....

8. Stas altern. with the pets. Fr. capsular

— Stas opp. the pets

9. Cal.-tube rotate, almost flat. Stipules
spines ......

— Cal.-tube campanulate. Stips deciduous

10. Fr. dry, surrounded by a broad wing
■ — Fr. succulent, not winged

11. Style 2— 4-fid

— Style entire, stig. capitate

12. (6.) Cal. green, persist. .

— Cal. yellow, decid. (fl. yellow)

13 (3). Cor. sup. or half-superior .

— Cor. inferior ....

14. Fr. succulent. Shrubs with opp. ls

— Fr. succulent. Herbs with whorled ls

— Fr. dry. Herbs with altern. ls

15. Stas 10, 5 of which are barren. FIs white. Samolus. 479.

— Stas 5. FIs gen. blue ( Campanulacece ) . . . Id

16. Cor. at first tubular, coherent, then divided to the base,

in 5 linear lobes ....... 17

— Cor. campanulate or campanulate-infundibuliform, rarely
almost rotate, 5-lobed or -fid with broader lobes . IS

17. Stas dilated at the base. FIs sessile in a head or spike.

Phyteuma. 361.

01
. 134

3

. 37

4
13

5

a

Hedera. 266.
Ribes. 209.

r%f

*

. 12
. Vitis. 141.

S

Evonymus. 129.

O

transformed into

10

11

Palitirus. 133.
Zizyphus. 132.
Rhamnus. 130.
Frangula. 131.

. Viola. 84.
Impatiens. 124.

. 14

. 20
Lonicera. 272.
Rubia. 276.

. 13

10

Fifth class.

— Stas filiform. FIs shortly pedicelled , in head-like umbels

Jasione. 360.

18. Cor. rotate with flatly spreading short lobes

Specularia. 364.

— Cor. campanulate or campanulate-infundibuliform . 19

Style surrounded at the base by an hypog., tubular disk.
Only in Tessin .... Adenophora. 363.

— Style without hypog. disk at the base Campanula. 362.
20 (13). Ovary (2 — )4-partite (in Heliotropium undiv.). Fr.

composed of 4 1 -seeded nutlets (in Cerinthe 2 2-seeded)
situated at the base of the cal. ( Boraginece ) . . 21

— Ovary undiv. Fr. a caps., a berry or 2 follicles . 34

21. Ovary undiv. during the flowering period Heliotropium. 393.

— Ovary 4- (2-) partite during the flowering period . 22

22. Throat of the cor. closed by 5 scales which are altern.

with the stas ........ 23

— Throat of the cor. with no scales, but sometimes with

5 hairy lines or ridges ...... 30

23. Filaments of the stas with a horn-shaped appendage at
the top. Cor. rotate .... Borago. 402.

— Filaments with no appendage ..... 24

24. Cal. enlarged after flowering and forming 2 compressed,
sinuate-dentate lobes, one above the other Asperugo. 394.

— Cal. not compressed after flowering . . . 25

25. Carpels with glochidiate prickles .... 2 6*

— Carps without prickles ...... 27

26. Carps prickly at the edges. FIs small, blue (like the Forget-

me-not) Ecliinospermum. 395.

— Carps prickly nearly all over. FIs larger, of a dirty blood-red

colour . Cynoglossum. 396.

27. Scales of the throat lanceolate-subulate, conniving like a

cone. FIs never blue . . . Symphytum. 405.

— Throat-scales short, obtuse or indented. FIs gen. blue 28

28. Throat-scales pubescent .... Anchusa. 404.

— Throat-scales glabrous ...... 29

29. Carps surrounded by a prominent rim (Pis of the high

Alps.) . Eritrichium. 397.

— Carps without the rim .... Myosotis. 398.
30 (22). Carps 2, 2-seeded. PI. almost glabr., of a blue-green

colour. Ls cordate (clasping the stem) . Cerinthe. 407.

— Carps 4, 1-seeded ....... 31

31. Cor.-limb irreg. Style 2-fid at the top. Prickly, stiff

haired pis . Echium. 401.

— Cor.-limb regular ....... 32

32. Cal. 5-toothed or -fid . . . Pulmonaria. 406.

— Cal. 5-partite almost to the base .... 33

33. Cor. cylindric-campanulate, pale-yellow. Anthers sagittate-

2-fid at the base . Onosma. 400.

Fifth class.

11

34

35.

Cor. infundibuliform. Anthers oval or oblong

Lithospermum. 399.

(20). Spiny shrubs with altern. Is (comp. Solanum Dulca¬
mara and Yinca) ..... Lycium. 408.
Herbs ......... 35

Ls ternate. Cor. bearded . . Menyanthes. 384.

Ls not ternate ....... 3G

36. Water pis. Ls pectinate-pinnatifid with linear lobes

Hottonia. 475.

— Land pis ........ 37

37. Stem leafless, terminated by an umbel (often fewr- or

1-fld), or stem reduced and peduncles radical . 38

— Stem leafy ........ 43

38. Lobes of the cor. laciniate-multifid. Ls rounded-cordate.

Alpine pis . Soldanella. 477.

— Lobes of the cor. not multifid .... 3 0

39. Lobes of the cor. rose-red, reflexed. Ilt-stock tubercular,
globular, or depressed. Ls rounded-cordate angularly sinuute
or finely crenate ..... Cyclamen. 478.

— Lobes of the cor. not reflexed .... 40

40. Stas united at the base by a prominent ring. Ls lobed

Cortusa. 476.

— Stas free. Ls not lobed ...... 41

41. Cor.-tube short, contracted at the throat. Gen. high moun¬
tain pis . Androsace. 472.

— Cor.-tube elongated, dilated near the insertion of the etas. 4'i

42. Caps. 2-seeded. (High Alpine pis)

— Caps, many-seeded .

43 (37). Ls imparipinnate

— Ls not pinnate
44. Ls opp. or whorled (entire)

Arelia. 473-
Primula. 474-
Polemonium. 390.

. 44

45

Ls altern. (those of the branches in pairs of which the
one is smaller) ....... 40

45. Anthers twisted spirally after shedding pollen Erythraea. 389.

— Anthers not twisted after shedding pollen . . 4(i

46. Fr. 2 follicles. Ls evergreen. FIs solitary, axillary Vinca. 383.

— Fr. a capsule ........ 47

47. Caps. 2— 3-celled. Ls evergreen . . Azalea. 371.

— Caps. 1-celled. Ls not evergreen .... 4S

48. Caps, circumsciss, dehiscing by a cap. Cor. never yellow,

Anagallis. 470.

— Caps. 5-valved. Cor. yellow . . Lysimachia. 469.

— Caps. 2-valved. Cor. gen. blue . . Gentiana. 388.

49 (44). Stem twining, climbing or prostrate. Style 2-fid. Cor.

campanulate-infundibuliform . Convolvulus. 391.

— Stem not twining. Style entire .... 50

50. Anthers 1-celled. Cor. rotate, with rather unequal lobes,

12

Fifth class.

yellow, seldom white. Filaments of the stas bearded

Verbascuni. 416.

— Anthers 2-celled ( Solanacece ) ..... 31

51. Fr. a capsule ....... 32

— Fr. a berry ........ 54

52. FIs solitary, 1. -axillary. Caps, spiny (like theHorse-chestnut)

Datura. 414.

— FIs in a spike, raceme or panicle . . . 33

53. Caps, with circumscissile dehiscence. FIs almost sessile

Hyoscyamus. 413.

— Caps, dehiscing longitudinally by 2 valves. FIs pedicelled

Nicotiana. 415.

54 (51). Anthers divergent . ... Atropa. 412.

— Anthers connivent, at any rate after shedding pollen 33

55. Anthers dehiscing by 2 terminal pores. FIs in corymb¬
like cymes or panicles . . . Solanum. 409.

— Anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits. FIs solitary 30

56. Cal. with 5 prominent angles and 5 sagittate lobes

Nicandra. 410.

— Cal. much enlarged after flowering, inflated, with 5 teeth

Physalis. 411.

57 (2). Perianth superior , infundibuliform , green outside,
white inside. Ls narrow, entire . . Thesium. 497.

— Perianth or cal. inferior ..... 3S

58. 5 barren filaments between the 5 stas. (Ls with scarious
stipules) ......... 3D

— without the barren filaments .... 00

59. Lobes of the cal. laterally compressed, keeled at the
back, terminated by a subulate point, white

lllecebrum. 202.

— Cal. -lobes flat-concave, green . . Herniaria. 201.

60. Stig. capitate. Ls or petioles with sheathing stipules

Polygonum, 493.

— Stig. filiform. Ls exstipulate . . Chenopodium. 487.

61 (1). Floral envelope composed of cal. and cor. . 02

— FI. envelope simple (a calyx) .... 127

62. Pets 5, superior ( Umbelliferce ) .... 03

— Cor. gamopetalous, inferior ..... 123

63. Umbel simple, or several umbels contracted into the

form of a capitulum so as to form an irreg. branched
umbel (or cyme) ....... 04:

— - Umbel r eg., compound (umbel and umbellules) . 07

64. Thistle-like pis with spinv-dentate ls Eryngium. 215.

— Pis not like thistles ...... 03

65. Ls orbicular-peltate, crenate . Hydrocotyle. 212.

— Ls palmati-lobed or -partite, not orbicular-peltate, 00

66. Fr. covered with numerous hooked prickles. Involucel

very small . Sanicula. 213.

Fifih class.

13

Fr. not prickly. Involucel Is large . Astrantia. 214.

67 (63). Ls undiv. and entire. FIs yellow Bupleurum. 230.

— Ls 2— 3-pinnatipartite or -pinnatisect, or only the rad.

ls undivided ........ (fS

68. Only 1 vitta under each rib. FIs dioecious, white Trinia. 218.

— Vittm under the furrows or secondary ribs, rarely 0.

FIs hermaphrodite or polygamous . . . OO

69. FIs yellow or greenish yellow . . . .70

— FIs white or rose-coloured, sometimes greenish white 77

70. Invols and involucels 0, or of 1 leaflet . . .71

— Invol. and involucel (at any rate the latter) present 71

71. Fr. orbicular (in transverse section) not winged at the

margin . Foeniculum. 233.

— Fr. flattened dorsally, with abroad (wing-like) or narrower

edge ......... 72

72. Pets obcordate .... Peucedanum. 246.

Pets with 4 rounded angles, truncate . . . 73

73. Ls pluri-pinnatisect, with linear-filiform lobes

Anethum. 247.

— Ls simply pinnatisect, with oval or oblong lobes

Pastinaca. 248.

74 (70). Fr. compressed laterally. Parsley Petroselinum. 217.

— Fr. orbicular (in transverse section) or compressed
dorsally (parallel to the face of the commissure) 73

75. Fr. fairly orbicular (in transverse section) Silaus. 239.

— Fr. compressed dorsally . . . . .70

76. Mericarps with 4 secondary ribs with broad wings, so
that the fr. appears 8-winged . Laserpitium. 251.

— Mericarps without secondary ribs. Fr., on account of

the compressed, divaricating edges, appearing 2-winged
on each side . Levisticum. 243.

77 (69). Inner face of the albumen excavated in the form
of a hemisphere . . . . . . . 7S

— Inner face of the albumen convex, flat, deeply furrowed

or with incurved edges ..... 7.9

78. Fr. didymous, composed of 2 globular-swollen mericarps

Bifora. 264.

— Fr. globular ..... Coriandrum. 265.

79. Invol. and involucels with 0, or few (1 — 2), Is . SO

— Invol., or at any rate involucels, with many (3 — several) ls

SO

80. Fr. much compressed dorsally, lentil-shaped

Peucedanum. 246.

— Fr. orbicular (in transverse section), or compressed

laterally . . . . . . . . SI

81. Pets not indented, pale green. Celery Apiuni. 219.

— Pets indented with the tip indexed . . . S2

14

Fifth class.

82. Furows and inner face without vittee. Ls 2-ternate

Aegopodium. 225.

— Furrows with 1 — several vittse, inner face with 2 —

many vittse ........ S3

88. Vittse clavate. Umbels 3 — 6-rayed. . . Sison. 223.

— Vittse not clavate. Umbels 8 — 40-rayed . . SI

84. Lower ls simply pinnatisect with broad, toothed or in¬
cised divisions (rarely laciniate) . . Pimpinella. 227.

— Ls 2— 3-pinnatisect with linear lobes . . . S3

85. Furrows with several vittse. Carpophore 2-partite. Only

in Tessin . Ligusticum. 238.

— Furrows with 1 vitta. Carpophore 2-fid Carum. 226.
86(79). Fr. covered with prickles, bristles or hairs S7

— Fr. glabrous (or almost so) ..... 93

87. Beak of the fr. of a different colour Anthriscus. 258.

— Fr. without beak ....... SS

88. Fr. surrounded by a thickened, cartilaginous, white border

Tordylium. 250.

— Fr. without the cartilaginous white border . . Si)

89. Fr. almost orbicular (in transverse section), tomentose

or covered with soft hairs ..... i)0

— Fr. much compressed, with prickles or stiff bristles 91

90. Fr. ovoid. Lobes of the ls lanceolate Seseli. 234.

— Fr. linear-lanceolate. L.-lobes linear Athamanta. 237.

91. Leaflets of the invol. pinnatifid . Daucus. 253.

— Leaflets of the invol. entire ..... 92

92. Outer fls with much larger (13 — 14 mm) pets than those
of the centre ..... Orlaya. 252.

— Outer fls equal to or little differing from the inner 93

93. Fr. (4 — 5 mm) thickly covered all over with prickles
and bristles ...... Torilis. 256.

— Fr. (8 — 14 mm) with prickles in longitudinal rows 91

94. Secondary ribs equal in height to the primary. Ls
simply pinnatisect .... Turgenia. 254.

— Secondary ribs more prominent than the primary. Ls 2 — 3-
pinnatisect ...... Caucalis. 255.

95 (86). Fr. with a beak at least 3 times as long as the fr. itself

Scandix. 257.

— Fr. without a benk, or with one scarcely half its own

length . 90

96. Invol. 0, or of 1 — 2 ls . 97

— Invol. of 3 — several ls ..... 113

97. Fr. suborbicular or laterally compressed (in transv.

section) 9S

— Fr. dor sally compressed (parallel to the face of the

commissure) ....... 109

98. Ls all simply pinnatisect. Marsh plants

Helosciadium. 220.

Fifth class.

15

— Ls 2 — 3-ternatisect, with rather large segments. Only
in the lower valley of the Rhone Trochiscanthes. 286.

— Ls, at any rate the upper ones, 2 — several times pinnatisect

09

99. Inner face of the albumen deeply channelled 100

— Inner face of the albumen flat or almost so (in Meum

slightly hollowed) ...... 101

100. Ribs of the fr. prominent, sharp. Fr. 20—25 mm long

Myrrhis. 260.

— Ribs of the fr. obtuse, distinct all over the fr. Fr.
6 — 10 mm jong .... Chaerophyllum. 259.

— Ribs of the fr. obtuse, visible only at the thin tip of

the beak . Anthriscus. 257.

101. Fr. broader than long, almost didymous. Cal. distinctly
toothed. Marsh pis .... Cicuta. 216.

— Fr. oblong, oval or almost globular . . . 102

102. Fr. distinctly compressed. Lower ls simply pinnatisect

10 3

— Fr. (in transverse section) orbicular or very slightly
compressed. Ls 1 — several times pinnatisect 101

103. Cal. -teeth obliterated. Fr. ovoid. Vitteo clavate, only-
reaching about half way down the fr. Only at Geneva

Sison. 223.

— Cal. with 5 distinct teeth. Fr. oblong. Yittm not clavate.

Only by the lake of Geneva . . Ptychotis. 221.

104. Involucel of 3 long leaflets, reflexed outwards

Aethusa. 232.

— Involucel not reflexed outwards . . . 103

0

105. Cal. -teeth very distinct on the fr., large. Fr. oblong-
cylindric with obtuse ribs. Marsh or water pis

Oenanthe. 231.

— Cal. -teeth indistinct or short . . . 100

106. Furrows with 3 — several vittee. Inner face with 4 — 8 vittee

107

— Furrows with 1 vitta. Inner face with 2 vittie 10S

107. Pets slightly rolled up at the point, but not indented.
Mountain pis with thick fibrous rt-stocks Meum. 240.

— Pets indented with an indexed point. Only in Tess.
and the French Jura .... Ligusticum. 238.

108. Fr.-ribs with a narrow, almost membranous wing. Cal.-
teeth obliterated .... Cnidium. 235.

- — Fr. with thick ribs. Cal. -teeth distinct Seseli. 234.

109 (97). Fr. appearing 2-winged on each side, on account
of the lateral divergent wings of the 2 mericarps 110

— Fr. appearing 1-winged on each side owing to the la¬
teral wings of the 2 mericarps lying one on the other

112

16 Fifth class.

110. Fr.-ribs all with membranous wings. Pets deeply in¬
dented, with an indexed point. Leaf-segments narrow-
lanceolate or linear .... Selinum. 242.

— The 3 dorsal ribs not winged. Pets not indented, acu¬
minate. Leaf-segments large, broad, oval or oblong.
(L. sheaths inflated) ...... Ill

111. Cal. -teeth obliterated. FIs white or rose Angelica. 244.

— Cal. -teeth fairly distinct. FIs greenish Archangelica. 245.
112(109). Vittse not reaching the lower ends of the furrow,

clavate . Heracleum. 249.

— Vittse filiform, extending the whole length of the furrow

Peucedanum. 246.

113 (96). Mericarps with 4 winged secondary ribs, the fr.
consequently 8-winged . . Laserpitium. 251.

— Fr. without secondary ribs . . . 114:

114. Albumen deeply channelled on the inner face 115

— Albumen flat or raised on the inner face . 117

115. Cal. -teeth obliterated. Furrows without vittse. Ribs

crenate . Conium. 262.

— Cal. -teeth distinct. Furrows with 1 — 2 vittse. (Stem

10—15 dm) . 116

116. Ribs crenate .... Pleurospermum. 263.

— Ribs not crenate . . . IVlolopospermum. 261.

117 (114). Furrows without vittse. Alpine pis Pachypleurum. 241.

— Furrows with 1 — several vittse .... 118

118. Fr. compressed dorsally, surrounded by a broad wing

Peucedanum. 246.

— Fr. (in transverse section) orbicular or laterally com¬
pressed . . . . . . .111/

119. Pets entire, not indented, with a straight or indexed
tip. Marsh pis .... Helosciadium. 220.

— Pets indented, with an indexed lobule . . 120

120. Furrows with 1 vitta ..... 121

— Furrows with 3— several vittfe . . . 122

121. Cal.-limb with 5 distinct teeth. Ls ternatisect

Falcaria. 222.

— Cal.-limb obliterated. Invol.-leaflets 3 — several-fid

Ammi. 224.

— Cal.-limb obliterated. Invol. -leaflets entire Carum. 226.

122. Fr. ovoid-oblong; ribs acute, prominent, with narrow

wings. Ls several times pinnatisect, with linear seg¬
ments. Jura . Ligusticum. 238.

— Fr. ovoid, almost didymous ; ribs filiform. Ls gen. simply
pinnatisect, segments lanceolate or oblong. Water pis

122&

122a. Vittse very numerous, hidden under the thick pericarp.
Umbels opp. the ls Berula. 228.

Vittse on the surface. Umbels distinctly terminal Sium.229.

ifth class.

17

123(62). Pis with a filiform, winding stem, without green Is

Cuscuta. 392.

— Pis with opp. green Is .... 124

124. Two separate follicles, united only by the common

stigma. See Cl. 16, 4 . . Vincetoxicum. 382.

— Fr. a 2-valved capsule. (PI. glabr.) . . . 123

125. Divisions of the rotate cor. bearing 2 ciliate glands at
their base ...... Sweertia. 386.

— Divisions of the cor. without glands . . 12(i

126. Stigmas decurrent on both sides of the ovary. Cor.
rotate . Pleurogyne. 387.

— Stigmas erect, divergent or reflexed Gentiana. 388.

127(61). Ligneous pis ...... 128

— Herbs . . ....... 12!)

128. Fr. a samara. FIs in lateral fascicles, appearing before

the Is . Ulmus. 508.

— Fr. a drupe. FIs solitary in the 1. -axils, appearing
with the Is ...... Celtis. 509.

129. Ls opposite ........ 1,30

— Ls alternate ....... 132

130. Ls exstipulate, subulate . . . Scleranthus. 205.

— Ls with scarious stipules. See Cl. 5, 58 . . 131

131. Cal. -lobes thick, cartilaginous, white lllecebruin. 202.

— Cal.-lobes fiat-concave, green . Herniaria. 201.

132 (129). Stipules forming a sheath round the stem

Polygonum. 493.

— Stipules 0. (FIs in clusters) .... 133

133. Perianth berry-like when mature, juicy (red). (Ls not

powdery, triangular-sagittate) . . . Blitum. 488.

— Perianth not modified when mature, herbaceous, or
only slightly fleshy .... Chenopodium. 487.

134 (1). Ligneous pis. (FIs white or greenish) .

— Herbs ........

135. Cor. gamopetalous, superior or half-superior .

— Cor. polypet., inferior .....

136. Ls imparipinnate ....

— Ls undiv. or lobed ....

137. Ls opp., imparipinnate

— Ls altern., undivided
138(134). Stem leafless. (Ls all radical)

— Stem bearing ls (at least 1 leaf)

139. Styles many. FIs greenish yellow

— Styles 3 — 5 .....

140. Ls petioled, with red glandiferous hairs. FIs white, in

a spike . Drosera. 86.

— Ls not petioled, glabr. FIs rose-red. in a terminal head
surrounded by an invol. of many leaflets Armeria. 481.

133

138
130
137

Sanibucus. 270.
Viburnum. 271.
Staphylea. 128.
Rhus. 134.

139
141

Myosurus. 6.
. 140

18

Fifth, sixth class.

141 (138). Stigs 4. On the inside before each
ferous scale, div. into 9 — 13 glandular

— Styles or stigs 3 or 5

142. Floral envelope a perianth

— FI. envelope composed of cal. and cor.

143. Styles or stigs 3. (FIs white)

— Styles 5 .....

144. Ls opp. ......

— Ls altern. ......

145. Pets denticulate at the tip. FIs almost

pet., a nectari-
liairs

Parnassia. 87.
. 142

Polygonum. 493.

. 143

. 144

. 147

. 145

. 140

in an umbel

Holosteum. 108.

— Pets 2-partite ..... Stellaria. 109.
146. Styles filiform. Fr. a 3-valved, many-seeded caps.

Telephium. 203.

— Stigs sessile. Fr. 1-seeded, indeliiscent Corrigiola. 200.

147 (143). Ovaries 5 ...... 14S

— Ovary 1 ....... 140

148. Cal. with 10 divisions. Ls ternate . Sibbaldia. 172.

— Cal. with 5 divisions. Ls simple, fleshy Sedum. 206.

149. Ovary 10-celled ...... Linum. 113.

— Ovary 1-celled. (Comp, some Alsinacese. Cl. 10, 15.)

Cl. 6. Hexandria.

1. Style 1 ......... 2

— Styles 2 — several, or 0 and then the stigs sessile 32

2. Floral envelope consisting of cal. and cor. (in Peplis

the cor. decid.). Dicotyledons . ... 3

— FI. envelope simple or 0. Monocotyledons . . 7

3. Prickly shrubs with yellow fls in racemes. Seps6; pets 6

Berberis. 21.

— Herbaceous pis without prickles ... 4

4. Cor. polypet. *) Cal. with 12 teeth ... 5

— Cor. gamopet. Cal. never having 12 teeth . . O

5. Cal. campanulate. Style very short . Peplis. 194.

— Cal. cylindric. Style filiform. Fls red. Lytlirum. 193.

6. Stas altern. with the cor. -lobes. Ovary with parietal pla¬
centae . Gentiana. 388.

— Stas opp. the cor. -lobes. Ovary with free central pla¬
centae. (Fls yellow) . . . Lysimachia. 469.

7 (2). Perianth petaloid (not green) . ... S

— Perianth herbaceous or scarious or 0 . . . 20

8. Perianth sup. (Bulbous pis, with radical ls) . O

— Perianth inf. . . . . . . . .11

*) Here some Crucifer® may be looked for. See Cl. 15.

Sixth class.

19

9. Perianth salver-shaped, with a petaloid crown

Narcissus. 570.

— Perianth campanulate or infundibuliform, without the

petaloid crown .... ... lO

10. Lobes of the perianth fairly equal in size Leucojum. 568.

— Lobes of the perianth unequal, the 8 inner shorter, in¬
dented . . .... Galanthus. 569.

11 (8). Perianth 6-toothed or -fid ..... 12

— Perianth with 6 divisions, separated to the base 13

12. FIs blue or yellow. Fr. a caps. (Ls radical) . 13

— FIs white. Fr. a berry ...... 14

13. Bulbous pis. Stem simple. Perianth small (3 — 5mm),

urceolate, blue . Muscari. 592.

— No bulb. Stem branched at the top. Perianth large
(30 — 60 mm), infundibuliform (yellow or reddish yellow)

Hemerocallis. 591.

14. Perianth campanulate. Ls radical

— Perianth tubular. Stem leafy .

15 (11). Style indistinct. Bulbous pis .

— Style distinct ........

16. Top of style 3-fid (3 stigs) .....

— Top of style entire (stig. obtuse or 3-lobed)

17. Perianth divisions with a long claw Bulbocodium.

— Perianth divisions without the claw

Convallaria. 574
Polygonatum. 575
Tulipa. 579.
Id

17
20
598.

18

18. Peduncles articulate. Fr. a berry . Asparagus. 571.

— Peduncles not articulate. Fr. a capsule . . lO

19. Perianth divisions connivent like a bell Fritillaria. 580.

— Perianth divisions reflexed . . Erythronium. 583.

20(16). Anthers, before emitting pollen, erect (attached

to the filament by one end) .... 21

— Anthers versatile (attached to the filament by the

middle) ......... 22

21. FIs white. Pis with a root-stock . . Streptopus. 572.

— FIs yellow. Pis with bulbs . . . Gagea 588.

22. Peduncles articulate. (Rt fascicled-fibrous) . . 23

— Peduncles not articulate ..... 24

23. Stas dilated at the base . . Asphodelus. 584.

— Stas of equal thickness, filiform . Anthericum. 585.

24. Perianth divisions with a nectary at the base . 23

— Perianth divisions without a nectary . . . 2(i

25. Perianth 8 — 12 mm long . . . Lloydia. 582.

— Perianth 45 — 60 mm long . . . Lilium. 581.

26. FIs in an umbel, enclosed in a spathe before the anthesis.

Pis with a smell of garlic . . . Allium. 590-

— No floral spathe ....... 27

27. Bulbous pis ........ 28

— Pis with fibrous rts .... Paradisia. 586.

20

Sixth, seventh class.

Ornitliogalum. 587.
Scilla. 589.
. 30

. 31

. Calla. 539.
Acorus. 540.

many-seeded.
Juncus. 597.
Alisma. 527.

. 33

Ls opp. Pis
Elatine. 112.
. 31

28. FIs white or yellowish .

— FIs blue .....

29 (7). FIs on a spadix

— FIs in a panicle. Juncacese .

30 Perianth 0. Ls cordate

— Perianth present. Ls ensiforra
31. Caps. 1-celled, 3-seeded. Ls grass-like, gen. ciliate

Luzula. 598.

— Caps, more or less completely 3-celled,

Ls setaceous, cylindric or 0, glabr.

32 (1). Styles numerous. Ls radical

— Styles 2- — 3 ......

33. Floral envelope composed of cal. and cor.
growing near water ....

— FI. envelope simple (a perianth)

34. Perianth with an elongated tube springing from the bulb

Colchicum. 594.

— Perianth without the elongated tube . . . 33

35. Ls net-veined. Dicotyledons ..... 3(i

— Ls with straight or curved veins. Monocotyledons 3S

36. Stigs capitate. Lobes of the perianth coloured, almost

equal . Polygonum. 493.

— Stigs tufted, stellate. Lobes of the perianth herbaceous
or scarious, the 2 or 3 inner ones enlarged when mature

37

37. Styles 2. Perianth 4-partite. Fr. lenticular, compressed,
with broad wings ..... Gxyria. 492.

— Styles 3. Perianth 6-partite. Fr. 3-cornered, not winged

Rumex. 491.

38(35). Perenn. pis with elliptic, folding-nerved ls, and fls
in racemes forming a panicle . . Veratrum. 595.

— Low herbs with grass-like ls, and fls in simple racemes

30

39. Ovary narrowed into the style. Ls distichous, sheathing
on opp. sides ...... Tofieldia. 596.

— Styles 0. Stig. sessile. Marsh pis .... 10

40. Carps united only at the base. Stem leafy

Scheuchzeria. 530.

— Carps united throughout their whole length. Ls all

radical . Triglochin. 531.

CL 7. Heptandria.

1. Styles 2. Fls yellow. Fr. an achene

— Style 1. Fr. a capsule

2. Fls yellow .....

— Fls white .....

Agrimonia. 173.

2

Lysimachia. 469.
Trientalis. 468.

Eighth class.

21

. 15

3
13

4
it

• • ^

5

Chlora. 385.

6

Diospyros. 375.
• /
Calluna. 369.

Erica. 370.

Cl. 8. Octandria.

1. Style (or stig.) 1 ....... 2

— Styles (or stigs) 2 — 4 ....

2. Floral envelope composed of cal. and cor.

— FI. envelope simple ....

3. Cor. gamopetalous ....

— Cor. polypetalous ....

4. Cor. inferior ......

— Cor. superior. (Fr. a berry) .

5. Herbs. Cal. 8-fid .....

— Ligneous pis. Cal. 4-fid or with 4 seps

6. Trees. Fr. a berry

— Small shrubs. Fr. a capsule .

7. Cor. shorter than the cal.

— Cor. longer than the cal.

8 (4). Cor. globular-urceolate or campanulate, with 4 (—5) teeth

Vaccinium. 365.

— Cor. rotate, 4-partite almost to the base Oxycoccus. 366.

9 (3). Lig. pis. Fr. a samara .... Acer. 120.

— Herbs .......... lit

10. Pis pale yellow, without green Is . . Monotropa. 374.

— Pis with green Is . . . . . . .11

11. Ls 2 — 3-pinnatisect. Cor. inf.; terminal fls with 5 pets

Ruta. 126.

— Ls undiv. Cor. superior ...... 12

12. Fls red or white. Seed with a tuft of hairs

Epilobium. 184.

— Fls yellow. Seed without the tuft of hairs Oenothera. 185.
13 (2). Stigs 1 — 2. Ls or petioles with a sheath surrounding

the stem ....... Polygonum. 493.

— Stig. 1. Stipules 0 . . . . . . . 14

14. Perianth decid. Small shrubs . . Daphne. 495.

— Perianth persist. Herbs .... Passerina. 494.

15 (1). Lig. pis. Fls before the ls . . . Ulmus. 508.

— Herbs ......... Id

16. Ls div. or compound ...... 17

— Ls simple, undivided ...... lit

17. Styles 2. Fls in long spiciform racemes Agrimonia 173.

— Styles 4 ......... 18

18. Fls greenish, in a terminal head. Ls 1 — 2-ternatisect

Adoxa. 269.

— Fls rose-coloured, whorled. Ls pectinate-pinnatisect

Myriophyllum. 189.

19 (16). A single fi. at the top of the stem. Fr. a berry Paris. 573.

— Several fls on each stem ..... 20

20. Fls yellow ........ 21

— Fls never yellow ....... 22

22

Ninth, tenth class.

21. Cal. 4-fid. Cor. 0 . Chrysosplenium. 211.

— Cal. and cor. 8-fid .... Chlora. 385.

22. Fr. 1 -seeded, indeliiscent. FI. a perianth. Ls altern.

Polygonum, 493.

— Fr. a caps. FI. composed of cal. and cor. Ls opp. or

whorled ......... 23

23. Caps. 3-celled ..... Eiatine. 112.

— Caps. 1-celled. See Cl. 10, 26.

Cl. 9. Enneandria.

1. Pets 5, yellow. Styles 2 . . Agrimonia. 173.

— Perianth with 6 divisions, rose-coloured. Styles 6

Butomus. 529.

— Perianth 4-partite, white. Style 1 . . Laurus. 496.

Cl. 10. Decandria.

1. Styles 10. Perianth 5-partite. Fr. a berry Phytolacca. 490.

— Style 1 ......... 2

— Styles 2 — 5 . . . . . ... . 10

2. Cor. gamopet. Low shrubs . .... 3

— Cor. polypet. (with 5, more rarely 4) separate pets 6*

3. Cor. sup. Fr. a berry .... Vaccinium. 365.

— Cor. inf. ......... 4:

4. Drupe with 5 1-seeded nuts. Cor. 5-toothed

Arctostaphylos. 367.

— Fr. capsular ........ 3

5. Cor. ovoid-campanulate , 5-toothed. Caps, loculicidal.

Pis growing in peat-bogs . . Andromeda. 368.

— Cor. infundibuliform, 5-fid. Caps, septicidal. Alpine pis

Rhododendron. 372.

6 (2). PL of a pale yellow colour, with scales instead of green ls

Monotropa. 374.

— Pis with green ls

7. Ls undiv

— Ls. divided ......

8. Stigs 5. See Cl. 16, 8

— Stig. 1. (Ls marked with glandular spots)

9. Pets equal, yellow .....

— Pets unequal, rose-coloured, veined
10 (1). Cor. present .....

— Cor. 0 .

11. Cor. gamopet. ......

— Cor. polypet. ......

12. Caps 2-beaked, dehiscing by the inner
carpels .......

— Caps, not 2-beaked ....

Pyrola. 373.
8

0

. Ruta. 126.
Dictamnus. 127.

11

. 28
Adoxa. 269.
12

sutures of the

Saxifraga. 210.

13

Tenth, eleventh class.

23

13. Ls ternate, leaflets obcordate . . Oxalis. 125.

— Ls simple, undiv. ....... 14

14. Fr. composed of follicles, free or separated almost to
the base. Styles 5. Ls gen. altern., fleshy Sedum. 206.

— Fr. a caps, (undiv.). Ls always opp. . . . 13

15. Cal. gamosepalous, 5-toothed or -fid. Pets gen. ungui-

culate. Silenacece ....... 10

— Cal. with 4 — 5 seps. Pets not usually unguiculate. Al-

sinacece ......... 23

16. Cal. with 2 or more scaly bracts at the base. Styles 2

17

— Cal. without scales. Styles 2 — 5 .... IS

17. Cal. entirely herbaceous or coriaceous, streaked all over
with crowded nerves .... Dianthus. 80.

— Cal. with membranous commissures FIs small.

Tunica. 00.

18.

10.

20.

21

22.

23

24.

25.

26.

27.

28

29.

Styles 3 — 5. Cal. with commissural nerves (*. e. nerves
which run along the margins of 2 united seps, forming
part of both) ........ 10

Styles 2. Cal. without commissural nerves . . 21

Fr. berry-like, indeliisc. FIs greenish Cucubalus. 04.
Fr. a capsule .....

Styles 3 . .....

Styles 5 . .....

(18). Cal. cylindric. Pets with a corona
Cal. campanulate or ovoid-pyramidal, angular. Pets

without a corona ....... 22

Cal. 5-cornered. Pets without winged vittro. FI. small

Gypsophyla. 91.

Cal. with 5 winged angles. Claws of the pets with 2

20

Silene. 05.
Lychnis. 00.
Saponaria. 93.

Vaccaria. 02.

24

winged vitta?

(15). Ls with scarious stipules
Ls without stipules. (FIs white)

Styles 3. Cops. 3-valved
Styles 5. Caps. 5-valved
Pets entire or slightly incised
Pets 2-fid or -partite
Styles 5. Caps. 5-valved
Styles 3. Caps. 3-valved
Styles 2 .

Styles 3. Caps. 3-valved
Styles 5. Caps. 10-toothed
(10). Ls rounded-reniform, crenate. FIs yellow

Chrysosplenium. 211.
Ls subulate, entire. FIs greenish .... 20

Fr. indehisc., 1-seeded . . Scleranlhus. 205.

Fr. dehisc., many-seeded . . . Alsine. 105.

. 23

Spergularia. 102.
Spergula. 101.
. 20
. 27

Sagina. 103.
Alsine. 105.
Moehringia. 106.

Stellaria. 109.
Cerastium. 110.

24

Eleventh, twelfth class.

Cl. 11. Dodecandria.

1. Styles 6 — 20. Ls thick, fleshy . Sempervivum. 207.

— Styles 1 — 5 ........ 2

2. Floral envelope composed of cal. and cor. . . 3

— Floral envelope simple or 0 . . . . . 6*

3. Pets multifid. Fr. open at the top . Reseda. 85.

— Pets undiv. Fr. not open . .... d

4. Ls impari- and interruptedly-pinnatisect. FIs yellow, in
long spiciform racemes .... Agrimonia. 173.

— Ls undiv., entire ...... 3

5. Cal. 12-tootlied. Pets red . . . Lythrium. 193.

— Cal. 2-partite. Pets yellow . . . Portulaca. 198.

6 (2). Ovary 6-celled. Ls reniform . . Asarum. 500.

— Ovary 3-celled. Ls not reniform . . Euphorbia. 503.

Cl. 12. Icosandria.

i.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

Styles 1 — 5 ... ..... 2

Styles numerous (more than 5) 10

Floral envelope simple, a 4-fid cal. FIs in terminal
heads. Ls pinnate .... Sanguisorba, 176.

FI. envelope composed of cal. and cor.

3

Pets numerous, yellow ....

Opuntia. 208.

Pets 4 — 6, never yellow

d

Cal. sup. (Lig. pis) ....

. • t)

Cal. inf. .......

. Id

Style 1. Cor. scarlet. Fr. a many-celled,

fleshy berry

with a coriaceous envelope

Punica. 183.

Styles 2—5, sometimes united at the base, rarely 1
(comp. Mespylus monogyna) ..... 6*
Ls opp. Pets 4. Capsule . . Philadelphus. 196.

Ls altern. Pets 5- Fr. a fleshy pseudocarp, formed by
the development of the cal. -tube and crowned by the
persist, cal.-limb. Pomacece ..... 7

Cal. with 5 short teeth. Ls entire. Fr. the size of a pea

Cotoneaster. 178.

5-fid or 5-partite ....

Cal

Ls pinnate

Ls undiv. or more or less incised
FIs solitary ......

FIs in racemes or corymbs
Divisions of the cal. toothed. Quince
Divisions of the cal. entire. Medlar
Pets long, narrow, lanceolate-cuneiform
Pets broad, oval or rounded, or oblong-lanceolate
then rose-coloured ......

8

Sorbus. 181.

O

. 10
11

Cydonia. 179.
Wlespilus. 177.
Aronia. 182.
and
12

Twelfth, thirteenth class.

25

12. Fr. a pear-like drupe (with bony endocarp). Spiny shrubs

with large stipules. Medlar . . . Mespilus. 177.

— Fr. containing pips (endocarp thin or cartilaginous) 13

13. Corymb simple, with few fls. (Ls undiv.) Pyrus. 180.

— Corymb branched, with numerous fls Sorbus. 181.

14 (4). Several follicles opening on the inner side. Perenn.

pis with div. ls, or shrubs with simple ls Spiraea. 164.

— Fr. a 1-seeded drupe. Trees or shrubs with undiv. ls.

Atnygdalacece ........ 18

15. Stone marked with small holes. Fls rose (or white),
almost sessile .... Amygdalus. 161.
Stone smooth or furrowed, but not marked with holes.

Prunus. 163.
17

Fls white, gen. distinctly peduncled

16 (1). Cal. -lobes twice as many as the pets

— Cal.-lobes equal in number to the pets . . 21

17. Styles terminal, persist. (Fr. awned) . . .IS

— Styles more or less lateral, decid. . . . If)

18. Style (awn of the fr.) articulate. Stem bearing several fls

Geum. 166.

— - Style not articulate. Stem 1-fld (fl. yellow) Sieversia. 167.

19. Fr. receptacle succulent when mature, detaching itself
from the calyx. Ls ternate. Strawberry Fragaria. 169.

— Receptacle not detaching itself from the calyx 20

20. Petspersist.,lanceol., darkpurple. Marshpls Comarum. 170.

— Pets decid., rounded, obcordate or oval, yellow, white,

or rose-coloured . Potentilla. 171.

21 (16). Cal.-lobes (and pets) 8 — 9. Ls simple, undiv.

Dryas. 165.

— Cal.-lobes 5. Ls divided or compound . . . 22

22. Carps dehiscent, 2 — several-seeded. Ls interruptedly
pinnatisect ...... Spiraea. 164.

— Carps indehisc., 1-seeded. Ls digitate or pinnate 23

23. Carps enclosed in the cal. tube, which has become fleshy
and narrowed at the throat (appearing like an inf. ovary)

Rosa. 174.

— Carps on a flat or swollen receptacle, appearing like a
false berry ...... Rubus. 168.

Cl. 13. Polyandria.

1. Style 1 or 0 2

— Styles 2 — several. (Ramtnculacece) . . . .11

2. Fls spurred, blue . Delphinium. 17.

— Fls not spurred ....... 3

3. Pets numerous. Water pis with large floating ls . 1

— Pets 4 — 5 ........ 8

4. Seps 4. Pets white ..... Nymphaea. 23.

— Seps 5. Pets yellow .... Nuphar. 24.

4

26

Thirteenth class.

5. Seps 2 (decid.). Pets 4 ...... 6*

— Seps 3 — 5. Pets 4—6 ...... S

6. Caps, globular, obovate or clavate, with 5 — 20 incom¬
plete cells opening by as many holes , arranged in a
circle under the 5 — 20-rayed stigmatic disk Papaver. 25.

— Caps, elongated, linear (in the form of a siliqua), 2-

valved. Stig. 2-lobed ...... 7

7. FIs solitary, large ..... Glaucium. 26.

— FIs umbelled, smaller . . Cheledonium. 27.

8 (5). Ls 2-ternatisect ..... Actea. 19.

— Ls undiv. ........ O

9. Trees. Common peduncle united to a net-veined bract.

Lime ....... Tilia. 117.

— Herbs or small shrubs ...... 10

10. Caps. 3-valved. Style distinct . Helianthemum. 8B.

— Caps. 5-valved. Style almost 0 . . Cistus. 82.

11 (1). FIs irreg. ........

— FIs reg. .........

12. The upper sep. spurred .... Delphinium. 17.

— The upper sep. in the form of a casque Aconituni. 18.

13. Ls opp. . ........

— Ls altern., whorled or radical ....

14. Pets numerous. FIs solitary. Ls 2-ternate Atragene. 2.

— Pets 0. FIs in a panicle. Ls pinnate . Clematis. 1.

15. Pets all prolonged to a spur below. Ls 2-ternate

Aquiiegia. 16.

12

13

11

15

— Pets not prolonged to a spur .... Id

16. Floral envelope simple (a petaloid calyx) . . 17

— Floral envelope double, the inner circle (the petals)

often very small ....... 10

17. Stem with 3 whorled ls, otherwise leafless. Gen. spring fls

Anemone. 4.

— Stem with altern. ls, rarely leafless . . . 18

18. Fls small, numerous. Ls several times divided

Thalictrum. 3.

— Fls large, solitary. Ls undivided . . . Caltha. 10.

19 (16). Pets small, of a peculiar form, nectariform 20

— Pets, normal, as large or larger than the seps . 21

20. Seps 6— several. (Fls yellow) .... 21

— Seps 5 . 22

21. Seps numerous. Pets flat, resembling stas Trollius. 11.

— Seps 6. Pets tubular .... Eranthis. 12.

22. Fls blue or whitish. Carps united at the base or up to

the centre . Nigella. 15.

— Fls never blue. Carps free or united only at the base 23

23. Pets unilabiate. Ls 2-ternate . . Isopyrum. 14.

— Pets bilabiate. Ls pedate, with 7 — 12 segments

Helleborus. 13.

Thirteenth, fourteenth class.

27

24 (19). Seps 3 . 25

— Seps more than 8 (gen. 5) .... 20

25. Cor. yellow. Stem leafy .... Ficaria. 9.

— Cor. never yellow. Stem leafless . . Anemone. 4.

26. Carps 2 — 5, many-ovuled, dehisc. Stem 1-fld Paeonia. 20.

— Carps numerous (rarely only 7 — 5), 1-seeded, indehisc.

27

27. Pets with honey spots at their bases . Ranunculus. 8.
— Pets without honey-spots .... Adonis. 5.

Cl. 14. Didynamia.

1. Fr. separating into 4 l-seeded nutlets. Ls always opp.

Gymnospermia L. ....... 2

— Fr. a 1 — 3-celled caps. Ls opp., altern., or 0. Angio-

spermia L. ....... 27

2. Style terminal, simple, or indistinctly and obliquely
2-lobed. Some of the Is pinnatifid . Verbena. 465.

— Style inserted at the base between the carps, 2-fid at

the top. Labiatce ....... ,3

3. Cor. with 4 almost equal lobes . . Mentha. 436.

— Cor. unilabiate, i. e. the upper lip very small, or cleft,

with the lobes bent down on the lower lip . 4

— Cor. distinctly bilabiate ...... 5

4. Lower lip of the cor. 3-fid . . . Ajuga. 463.

Lower lip of the cor. 5-fid . . . Teucrium. 464.

5. Stas bent down on the lower lip of the cor. Cal. ap¬
parently without teeth . . . Lavandula. 435.

— Stas erect, ascending, or curved outwards . . O

6. Stas and style enclosed in the cor. -tube . . 7

— Stas (or at any rate style) exceeding the throat of the

cor. ^

7. Cal. 10-toothed. FIs white . . . Marrubium. 457.

— Cal. 5-toothed. FIs yellow . . . Sideritis. 456.

8. FIs solitary in the axils of imbricated bracts, and

united in dense spikes, crowded together at the tops
of branches . Origanum. 439.

— FIs in short cymes (in the axils of ls) of which 2 oppo¬
site ones form a false whorl .... .9

9. Cal. bilabiate ........ 10

— Cal. 5-toothed ....... 10

10. Stas separated in pairs and either diverging above or

conniving below the upper cor. -lip ... 11

— Stas close together in pairs, conniving below the upper

cor. -lip ......... 14:

11. Stas diverging towards the top. Ls entire Thymus. 490.

— Stas conniving above ...... 12

28

Fourteenth class.

12. Cal. cylindric-tubular . . . Calamintha. 443.

— Cal. enlarged-campanulate, with a flat limb . IS

13. Cor. -tube with a ring of hairs inside. FIs violet

Hormium. 445.

— Cor.-tube without the ring of hairs inside. FIs white

Melissa. 444.

14 (10). Both the cal.-lips entire, the upper one with a scale
on the back ..... Scutellaria. 461.

— Lower cal. -lip 2-fid, upper 3-dentate . . . 15

15. Cal. closed at maturity. FIs 3 together in the axils of

scarious bracts, forming a short spike Brunella. 462.

— Cal. open at maturity. FIs 1—3 together in the axils
of ordinary Is ..... Melittis. 450.

16 (9). The 2 upper (inner) stas longer than, or at any rate
exceeding the 2 lower (outer) .... 17

— The 2 lower (outer) stas longer than, or at any rate
exceeding the 2 upper (inner), (in Leonurus the 2 upper
reaching higher, the 2 lower rather longer) . If)

17. The upper lip of the cor. swollen in the form of a
casque. FIs large, violet or blue . Dracocephalum. 449.

— Upper lip of the cor. flat ..... 18

18. Middle lobe of the lower lip of the cor. flat. Anthers in

pairs, their cells forming a cross . . Glechoma. 448

— Middle lobe of the lower lip of the cor. concave. Anther

cells not forming a cross . . . Nepeta. 447.

19 (16). Stas separated, divergent above . Hyssopus. 446.

— Stas separated, connivent beneath the upper lip 20

— Stas close together under the upper lip, parallel (the
2 longest sometimes bent outwards after emitting pollen) 21

20. Cal. campanulate, 10-nerved . . Satureja. 441.

— Cal. tubular, 13-nerved. . . Micromeria. 442.

21. Ls palmatilobed, with 3—5 lobes . Leonurus. 459.

— Ls undivided ........ 22

22. Lower lip of the (red or white) cor. with a broad, ob-

cordate middle lobe, the lateral lobes very small, sub¬
ulate . Lamium. 451.

— Lower lip of the (yellow) cor. with 3 pointed, entire

lobes . Galeobdolon. 452.

— Lower lip of the cor. with 3 broad, obtuse lobes 23

23. Lower lip with 2 hollow lumps at its base Galeopsis. 453.

— Lower lip without the hollow lumps . . . 21

24. The 2 longer stas bent down outwards after emitting

pollen . Stachys. 454.

— The longer stas not bent down outwards after emitting

pollen ......... 25

25. Stas almost equal in length, only as long as the cor.-tube

Chaiturus. 460.

— Stas unequal in length ...... 2 6*

Fourteenth class.

29

26. Pis in sessile clusters, united in a spike Betonica. 455.

— FIs in clusters on peduncles 2 — 5 mm long, distant or

the upper ones near together . . Ballota. 458.

27 (1). Cor. sup., almost reg. 5-lid. Ovary 3-celled.

Linnaea. 273.

— Cor; inf. Ovary 1 — 2-celled ..... 28

28. Parasitic pis, never green, the Is reduced to scales 29

— Green pis, with Is (Scrophidariacece) . . . 31

29. Raceme unilateral. Scales opp. . . Lathraea. 432.

— FIs in a spike, on all sides. Scales altern. . . 30

30. Seps 2, 2-fid or entire, sometimes united in front. FI.
with 1 bract ...... Orobanche. 434.

— Cal. gamosep., campanulate, with 4 — 5 divisions or teeth.
FI. with 3 bracts ..... Phelipaea. 433.

31 (28). Caps., by suppression, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Cor. yellow,
with 5 almost equal lobes. Ls opp. . Tozzia. 428.

— Caps., at any rate at the base, 2-celled, several* or many-

seeded ......... 32

32. Cal. with 4 teeth or divisions. (Upper lip of the cor.

in the form of a casque) ..... 33

— Cal. with 5 teeth or divisions, or bilabiate, and the lips

often irreg. incised ...... 3(i

33. Cal. inflated, laterally compressed. Ls opp., crenate-

dentate, sessile. FIs yellow . . Alectorolophus. 426.

— Cal. tubular or campanulate, not inflated . . 34 ■

34. Caps.-cells 1 — 2-seeded: seed smooth. Ls entire

Melampyrum. 429.

— Caps.-cells several-seeded: seeds streaked longitudinally

35

35. Seeds with unequal ribs, rather broadly winged. Perenn.

pis (Alpine) . Bartsia. 430.

— Seeds with equal ribs, not, or narrowly, winged. Ann.

pis . Euphrasia. 431.

36 (32). Peduncle radical. Cor. with 5 almost equal lobes

Limosella. 422.

— Peduncle not radical . . .... 37

37. Cor. with a spur or lump at the base . . 38

— Cor. with no spur or lump ..... 40

38 Throat of the cor. open. Caul, ls 2 — 7-fid Anarrhinum. 420.

— Throat of the cor. more or less closed by the prominent

palate in the middle of the lower lip . . . 39

39. Cor. with a conic-subulate spur . Linaria. 418.

— Cor. with a short obtuse swelling. Ls undiv., entire. FIs red

Antirrhinum. 419.

40 (37). Upper lip of the cor. in the form of a casque. Ls
pinnatisect . Pedicularis. 427.

— Upper lip of the cor. not in the form of a casque 41

30

Fourteenth, fifteenth class.

41. Ls opp. Cor. small, almost globular, with a scale-like
appendage under the upper lip (staminode, rudiment of
a 5th stamen) .... Scrophularia. 417.

— Ls altern. (undiv.) ....... 42

42. FIs yellow, in long spiciform racemes. Cor. campanu-

late or tubular-campanulate . . . Digitalis. 425.

— FIs red, in corymbiform racemes (finally elongated).
Cor. infundibuliform, the limb almost flat Erinus. 424.

Cl. 15. Tetradynamia.

This class includes all the Cruciferae : pets and seps 4. Inflorescence,
at first in a corymb, developing by degrees into a raceme through the pro¬
longation of the axis. Peduncles gen. ebracteate.

1. Fr. a silicule, i. e. not longer or not much longer than
it is broad. Siliculosce . . . . . 2

— Fr. a siliqua, i. e. distinctly longer than broad. Sili-

quosce ......... 32

2- Silicule with 2 transverse partitions; the lower article
resembling a peduncle; the upper almost globular

Rapistrum. 79.

— Silicule without these 2 transverse partitions , 3

3. Silicule not, or very slightly compressed . . 4

— Silicule much compressed ..... 13

4. FIs yellow ........ 3

— FIs white . ..... 11

5. Silicule 1-celled, 1-seeded . . . Neslea. 75.

— Silicule 2— 4-celled ...... 6*

6. Silicule 4-celled and 4-cornered, the corners winged

and toothed ...... Bunias. 77.

— Silicule neither winged nor toothed ... 7

7. Silicule 3-celled, the 2 upper cells juxtaposed, empty,

the lower cell 1-seeded . . . (Vlyagrum. 74.

— Silicule 2-celled ....... S

8. Stas with a lump or tooth at the base Versicaria. 51.

— Stas with no tooth ...... .9

9. Silicule indehisc., with 2 1-seeded cells placed obliquely

Lselia. 78.

— Silicule dehisc., 2-valved, with 2 many-seeded, juxta¬
posed cells ........ 10

10. Silicule obovate or pear-shaped. Caul, ls sagittate at
the base . Camelina. 62.

— Silicule globular or elliptic. Caul, ls narrowed at the

base, rarely slightly auricled . . Nasturtium. 32.

11 (4). The longer stas bent (knee-shaped) about the middle.
Silicules almost globular . . . Kernera. 60.

— Stas not bent . . . . , . . . 12

12. Silicule 1-celled, 1-seeded . . . Calepina. 76.

Fifteenth class.

31

— Silicule 2-celled, with 2 — several seeds

13. Silicule pubescent, 2-seeded

— Silicule glabrous, several-seeded .

14. Yalves nerveless .

— Yalves 1-nerved .

15 (3). FIs white, lilac or red

— FIs yellow ......

13

Euclidium. 72.

11

Armoracia. 61.
Cochlearia. 59.

Id

28

16. Silicules indehisc. Racemes opp. the Is. Ls pinnatipartite

Senebiera. 71.

— Silicules deliisc. Racemes terminal ... 17

17. Pets unequal, the 2 outer ones distinctly larger . IS

— Pets equal ........ lit

18. Stas with an appendage. Stem leafless Teesdalea. 64.

— Stas without the appendage. Stem leafy . Iberis. 65.

19. Silicules very large (35 — 60 mm), stipitate, i. e. supported
on the peduncle by another stalk. FIs lilac or purplish

Lunaria. 55.

— Silicules smaller (at most 15 mm), not stipitate 2.9a

19a. Pets 2-fid (white) ....... 20

— Pets entire or only slightly indented . . . 21

Stem leafy. Stas short, with a distinct tooth Berteroa. 53.
Stem leafless. Stas with no tooth . Erophila. 58.
Partition much narrower than the broadest diameter of
the silicule ........ 22

Partition as broad or almost as broad as the broadest
diameter of the silicule ..... 27

Long stas winged, toothed. FIs lilac or purple

Aethionema. 70.

Stas not toothed ....... 23

Cells of the silicule 1-seeded . . Lepidium. 67.

Cells of the silicule with 2 — several seeds . . 21

FIs violet ......

FIs white ......

Yalves winged, with concave wings
Yalves not winged ....

Cells of the silicule 2-seeded . . Hutchinsia. 68.

— Cells of the silicule with numerous seeds Capsella. 69.

27 (21). FIs rose-coloured. Ls 3-fid . . Petrocallis. 56.

. Draba. 57.

. Draba. 57.

o fi

• ••••• /V »/

Partition as broad as the broad est diameter of the sili¬
cule. (PI. more or less gray, on account of the small
stellate hairs) ....... 30

— Partition much narrower than the broadest diameter of

the silicule ........ 31

30. Silicules 1-celled, 1-seeded, pendant . Clypeola. 54.

20.

21.

99

23.

24.

25

26.

FIs white. Ls entire

28 (15). Stem leafless
— Stem leafy

29

Thalaspi. 63.

. 25

Thalaspi. 63.
. 20

32

Fifteenth class.

— Silicules 2-celled, with 2 — several seeds, not pendant

Alyssum. 52.

31. Silicules indented above and below (like spectacles),
2-celled, 2-seeded ..... Biscutella. 66.

— Silicules oblong-cuneiform, 1-celled, l-seeded Isatis. 73.

32 (1). Siliquas indehisc., or separating transversely by ar¬
ticles. (Ls lyrate) ....... 33

— Siliquas opening by 2 valves .... 34=

33. Siliquas contracted between the seeds like a string of

beads, and separating at last into l-seeded articles

Raphanistrum. 80.

— Siliquas inflated, spongy at maturity, very slightly or
not at all contracted between the seeds and not separ¬

ating at maturity. Radish . . . Raphanus. 81.

34. FIs yellow or yellowish ..... 35

— FIs white, lilac or red ...... 45

35. Seeds 1-seriate in each cell ..... 36

— Seeds 2-seriate (sometimes rather indistinctly) in each

cell ......... 44

36. Stig. 2-lobed, with reflexed lobes. Ls entire

Cheiranthus. 31.

— Stig. obtuse or indented ..... 37

37. Valves 1-nerved ( on the side of the strong dorsal nerve

there are often reticulated veins resembling indistinct
lateral nerves) ..... . . 38

— Valves 3 — 5-nerved (nerves gen. strong and straight) 43

38. Ls all undiv., only dentate or sinuate-dentate . 39

— Ls all, or at least the lower ones, lyrate-pinnatipartite,

or simply 2 — 3-pinnatisect ..... 40

39. Siliquas 4-cornered. Seeds rather long. Pis with, gen.

branched, hairs ..... Erysimum. 45.

— Siliquas cylindric. Seeds globular. Pis glabr. or with

simple hairs ...... Brassica. 46.

40. Seeds globular ..... Brassica. 46.

— Seeds ovoid or elliptic . . . . . .40a

40a. Ls 2 — 3-pinnatisect, with linear segments

Sisymbrium. 39.

— Ls with other characteristics .... 41

41. Racemes arranged in a corymb. Siliquas not more than

15 mm in length. Alpine pis . Hugueninia. 41.

— Racemes solitary. Siliquas more than 15 mm long 42

42. Pis glabrous ...... Barbarea. 33.

— Pis more or less hairy . . . Erucastrum. 48.

43 (37). Siliquas terminating in a beak 10 — 20 mm long.

Seeds globular ..... Sinapis. 47.

— Siliquas without, or with a very short, beak. Seeds
ovoid or elongated .... Sisymbrium. 39.

44(35). Siliquas compressed. Valves 1-nerved Diplotaxis. 49.

Fifteenth class.

33

— Siliquas inflated. Valves gen. without nerves

Nasturtium. 32.

45 (34). Seeds l-seriate in each cell .... 40

— Seeds 2-seriate in each cell .... 54

46. Stig. composed of 2 erect laminte laid one against the

other ......... 47

— Stig. obtuse or indented ..... 4S

47. Laminae of the stig. with a horn on the back. Pis gray-

tomentose . Matthiola. 30.

— Laminae of the stig. flat. Green pis . Hesperis. 38.

48. Valves without nerves, or with a faint rudimentary nerve

at the base ........ 40

— Valves with 1 — 3 nerves, in Arabia alpina faintly
1-nerved or almost nerveless; comp, also Stenophragma

50

49. Root-stock covered with scales or teeth. Rad. Is 0

Dentaria. 37.

— Rt-stock without scales or teeth. Rad. Is gen. present

Cardamine. 36.

50. Ls entirely glabr., glaucous, the caul, cordate-sagittate

at the base, entire ...... 51

— Ls more or less hairy, or if glabr., not glaucous, gen.

toothed, sinuate or pinnatifid .... 5‘2

51. Siliquas spreading, 4-cornered, 9 — 12 cm Conringia. 44.

— Siliquas erect-spreading, compressed 4-cornered, 5 — 8 cm

Arabis. 35.

52. Siliquas 4-cornered. Valves 3-nerved. Pis having a smell

of garlic . Alliaria. 40.

— Siliquas compressed. Valves 1-nerved . . . 53

53. Ls undiv. Siliquas with narrow partitions. Ann. pis.
Caul. Is narrowed towards the base Stenophragma. 43.

— Ls undiv. or lyrate-runcinate. Siliquas with broad par¬
titions. Perenn., ann., or bienn. pis, but, in this case,
caul, ls cordate or sagittate at the base Arabis. 35.

— Caul, ls pinnatipartite, with 2 — 4 pairs of linear seg¬
ments. Siliquas with broad partitions. Perenn. pis

Sisymbrium. 39.

54 (45). FIs in leafy racemes . . . Braya. 42.

— FIs in leafless racemes ...... 55

55. Siliquas terminated by a compressed beak (almost equal¬
ling them in length) ..... Eruca. 50.

— Siliquas with a short beak or 0 . . . . 50

56. Siliquas erect-applied, much compressed, about 6 times
as long as the peduncle (60—80 mm). Caul, ls sagittate,
entire ....... Turritis. 34.

— Siliquas spreading, cylindric, about as long as the ped¬
uncle (at most 50 mm ), Caul, ls pinnatisect

Nasturtium. 32.

84

Sixteenth class.

Cl. 16. Monadelphia.

Y. Stas 5 ....

— Stas more than 5 .

2. Ls undiv., entire

— Ls palmatilobed or pinnatilobed

3. FIs yellow ..... Lysimachia. 469.

— FIs never yellow . . . . . . 1

4. Cor. 5-partite, the throat closed by a corona. Ls always

opp. ...... Vincetoxicum. 382.

— Cor. with 5 pets, without a corona. Ls gen. altern.

Linum. 113.

5 (1). Perianth with 6 divisions. Stas 6 . Allium. 590.

— Cor. reg., in Erodium the pets rather unequal . 6*

— Cor. irreg. ........ 11

6. Shrubs, with small ls, the seed with a tuft of hairs.

Stas 10, the altern. ones shorter . . Myricaria. 195.

— Herbs ......... 7

7. Ls composed of 3 obcordate leaflets. Stas 10, the altern.
ones shorter ...... Oxalis. 125.

— Ls palmati-lobed or -partite. (FIs never yellowr) . S

8. Stas numerous. FIs with a calyx-like envelope (outer cal.).

Malvaceae ........ />

— Stas 10. FIs with no outer calyx. Geraniacece . 10

9. Outer cal. with 3 leaflets . . . Malva. 115.

— Outer cal. 6— 9-fid ..... Althaea. 116.

10. Awns of the carps rolled up spirally. Inflorescence a

many-fld umbel ..... Erodium. 123.

— Awns of the carps rolled up in a circle (in the same
plane). Inflorescence 2- (rarely l-)fld . Geranium. 122.

11 (5). Seps 5, 2 of which are larger, petaloid (wings). Ls
undiv., entire ...... Polygala. 88.

— Cal. gamosep. with 5 teeth, 5-fid, or bilabiate. Part of

the Papilionacece ....... 12

12. Ls imparipinnate (the first sometimes almost simple)

Anthyllis. 140.

— Ls simple or ternate ...... 1,3

13. Cal. 5-fid. Keel narrowed to a beak. Leaflets toothed

Ononis. 139.

— Cal. unilabiate or bi-labiate. Keel obtuse or only slightly

pointed. Ls or leaflets entire. \Fls yellow) . . 11

14. Pod scarcely longer than the cal. Cal. div. to the base

into 2 lips . Ulex. 135.

Pod exceeding the calyx ..... 15

15. Stig. capitate, terminal, at the top of the style, which

is long, and rolled up in a circle . Sarotliamnus. 136.
Stig. oblique at the top of the style . . . Id

16. Ls simple . Genista. 137.

Ls ternate . Cytisus. 138.

Seventeenth class.

35

Cl. 17. Diadelphia.

1. Seps 5, persist.; 2 larger than the others, coloured
(wings). Stas 8, united in bundles of 4. Ls undiv., entire

Polygala. 88.

— Seps 2, decid. Stas 6, in bundles of 3. Ls 2-ternatisect

or 2 — 3*pinnatisect ...... 2

— Cal. ganiosep., persist. Stas 10, 9 united and 1 free. Ls

pinnate or digitate, rarely simple (cor. papilionaceous).
Here are found nearly all the Papiliotiacece . 3

2. Fr. an indehisc. nut, oval or globular, l-seeded. FIs

small (5 — 12 mm) .... . Fumaria. 29.

— Fr. a long, silicular, several-seeded caps., opening by 2
valves. Fla larger ..... Cory dal is. 28.

3. Ls all simple, entire .... Lathyrus. 160.

— Ls digitate, with 3 leaflets (sometimes large stipules

resembling leaflets make them appear to have 5 leaflets,
or to be pinnate) ....... 4-

— Ls imparipinnate (with a terminal leaflet; leaflets

gen. more than 7) ...... 10

— Ls paripinnate (sometimes with only 1 pair), (the
terminal leaflet replaced by a tendril, a point or a spine) lO

4. Keel rostrate. (Leaflets entire) .... it

— Keel obtuse ........ O

5. Pod 4-winged. FIs yellow or red, single or in pairs

Tetragonolobus. 147.

— Pod not winged. FIs yellow, in head-shaped umbels of
3 — 12 fls ....... Lotus. 146.

6. Stipules large, resembling the leaflets and forming with

them a 5-digitate leaf. Fls small, gen. with a dark-blue
keel. Leaflets entire . . . Dorycnium. 145.

— Stipules not resembling the leaflets ... 7

7. Cor. withering persist. Pod gen. enclosed. Clover

Trifolium. 144.

— Cor. decid. Pod reaching beyond the calyx . . 8

8. Cotyledons sessile or narrowed into the petiole without
a joint. Pod reniform, sickle-shaped or rolled spirally

Medicago. 141.

— Cotyledons joined to the petiole by a joint . i)

9. Pods linear or oval-oblong, but then beaked and the
fls blue. Fls blue, in head-like racemes with long ped¬
uncles, or yellow in almost sessile umbels Trigonella. 142.

— Pods oval, not beaked. Fls yellow or white, in long

racemes ...... Melilotus.

10 (3). Fls solitary. Leaflets toothed . . . Cicer.

- — Fls in umbels. Leaflets entire ....

Fls in racemes or spikes .....

11. Keel obtuse

Ornithopus.

143.

158.

11

13

154.

36

Seventeenth, eighteenth class.

— Keel rostrate (beaked) ...... 12

12. Pod cylindric or 4-cornered, contracted at the joints

Coronilla. 153.

— Pod compressed, with deep notches on the inner (upper)

edge . Hippocrepis. 155.

13 (10). Style pubescent. Lig. pis .... 11

— Style gen. glabr. Herbaceous or suffrutescent pis 15
14s Pod inflated. Racemes 3 — 6-fld. FIs yellow. Ls with

3—5 pairs of leaflets .... Colutea. 148.

— Pod compressed. Racemes many-fld. FIs white or red.

Ls of 5 — 10 pairs of leaflets . . Robinia. 149.

15- Pod 1-seeded, with prickly teeth. Wings very short
(3 mm). Sainfoin ..... Onobrychis. 157.

— Pod several-seeded ...... 16

16. Pod with cells separated transversely, dividing at last

into 1-seeded joints .... Hedysarum. 156.

— Pod with 1 cell, or with 2 cells separated longitudinally

16 a

16a. Keel composed of 2 separate pets. Stipules 0

Glycyrrhiza. 147*

— Keel of 2 united pets . ..... 17

17. Keel with an aciculate point under the obtuse tip

Qxytropis. 151.

— Keel without this point ...... IS

18. Pod 1-celled, inflated, stipitate in the calyx. FIs yellow

Phaca. 150.

— Pod imperfectly 2-celled, through the inflection of the

upper suture . Astragalus. 152.

19 (3). Petiole ending in a spine . . Astragalus. 152.

— Petiole ending in a tendril or soft point . . 20

20- Sta.-tube cut obliquely at the top (i. e. the free part

of the upper sta. much longer than that of the lower)

Vicia. 159.

Sta.-tube cut straight (the free part of all the stas
of the same length) .... Lathyrus. 160.

Cl. 18. Polyadelphia.

Here are found all the Hypericaceae : seps and pets 5 (yellow) ; stas
numerous. Styles 3. Ls opp. or whorled, undiv., entire, often marked with trans¬
parent spots.

1. Stas 3-adelplious. Seps almost equal Hypericum. 119.
— Stas 5-adelphous. Seps unequal . Androsaemum. 118.

Nineteenth class.

37

Cl. 19. Syngenesia.

Here are found all the Composite : FIs in heads surrounded by a
common involucre. Stas gen. 5, the anthers united in a tube round the 2-fid
style.— Not to be confused with the Composite are the family Dipsacese
(Cl. 4) ; the genera Jasione and Phyteuma of the family Campanulacete
(Cl. 5); Xanthium (Cl. 21); Armeria (Cl. 5) and Globularia (Cl. 4).

1. FIs all ligulate. Liguliflorce ..... 2

— FIs all tubular. Tubuliflorce ..... 2&

— Inner fls (disk florets) tubular, the outer ones ligulate and
forming a ray. Radiiflorce ..... 5G

2. Pappus 0, or forming a crown-like edging, or composed

of short scarious clialf . .... 3

— Pappus (at any rate that of the fr. of the disk) hairy

orplumose. . . . . . . . 6*

3. Fls blue . Cichorium. 338.

Fls yellow ........ 4

4. Stem leafy, with several or many heads Lampsana. 335.

— Stem leafless, with 1 — 3 heads .... 5

5. Involucral bracts conniving, after flowering, almost in

a globe . Arnoseris. 337.

— Invol. bracts erect, even after flowering Aposens. 33G.
6 (2). Part, at any rate, of the pappus plumose (the hairs

bearing 2 rows of lateral hairs) .... 7

Pappus hair- like (the hairs simple, without or with
small, extremely short, teeth) . . , . 14

7. Receptacle with decid. chaff between the fls

Hypochaeris. 346.

— Recept. without chaff ...... <S'

8. Plumes of the pappus intermingled U

Plumes of the pappus free. (Fls yellow) . . . 11

9. Involucral bracts in 1 row (almost equal in length).
Fr. with a long beak. Ls entire . Tragopogon. 343.

— Invol. bracts in several rows (imbricate). Fr. not beaked

10

10. Fr. with a swelling at the base thicker than the fr. itself.
Ls gen. pinnatifid .... Podospermum. 345.

— Fr. with a short, scarcely visible, swelling at the base.
Ls undiv. ..... Scorzonera. 344.

11 (8). Stem leafless ....... 12

— Stem leafy ........ 13

12. Pappus of the marginal fr. short, crown-like

Thrincia. 339.

— Pappus of all the fr. plumose, or that of the marginal

fr. formed of simple hairs . . . Leontodon- 340.

13. Fr. terminated by a long filiform beak. Invol. bracts in
2 rows, the outer ones larger, cordate-oval

Helminthia. 342.

38

Nineteenth class.

— Fr. slightly thinner below the pappus, but with no beak.
Invol. bracts imbricate, the outer ones linear-lanceolate

Picris. 341.

14 (6). Heads containing 5 fls, fis in a single row . 15

— Heads with more fls, fls in several rows . . 16

15. Fr. beaked. Fls yellow . . . Phoenixopus. 352.

— Fr. not beaked. Fls red . . Prenanthes. 350.

16. Fr. beaked ....... 17

— Fr. not beaked, at most only slightly narrowed towards

the top ......... 21

17. Fr. with tubercles or spiny scales towards the top. (Fls

yellow) ......... 18

Fr. with neither scales nor tubercles. (Stem leafy) 20

18. Scales or spines scattered, not united in a crown. Stem

leafless . Taraxacum. 348.

— Scales or spines united in a small 5-toothed crown round

the base of the beak ...... 10

19. Heads 7 — 12-fld. Stem leafy . . . Chondrilla. 349.

— Heads many-fld. Stem leafless or with 1 — 2 Is

Willemetia. 347.

20 (17). Fr. flat-compressed, all with filiform beaks

Lactuca. 351.

— Fr. not compressed, the outer ones without, or with a

shorter, beak . Barkhausia. 355.

21 (16). Fls blue Mulgedium. 353.

— Fls yellow or yellowish-red ..... 22

22. Fr. much compressed .... Sonchus. 354.

— Fr. not, or only slightly, compressed . . . 23

23. Pappus dirty-white, stiff, brittle. Fr. of the same width

all the way up, or broader towards the top

Hieracium. 358.

— "Pappus gen. white, soft, supple (rarely rather dirty-

white*) . 24:

24. Fr. becoming thinner towards the top, or narrowed into
a short beak. Pappus hairs in several rows Crepis. 356.

— Fr. entirely without a beak (as in Hieracium). Pappus-
hairs in 1 row. (Stem leafless. Ls glabrous)

Chlorocrepis. 357.

25 (1). Heads 1-fld (each fl. with a separate invol.), crowded
in a globular head .... Echinops. 322.

— Heads several- or many-fld .... 26

26. Fr. crowned with pappus . 27

Fr. without pappus or with only a short border 32

27. Receptacle with scales ...... 28

*) Crepis paludosa (easily recognised by its sagittate eauline ls) and
some others have a dirty-white, brittle pappus.

Nineteenth class.

39

— Receptacle without scales (in Filago there are, between
the outer florets, scales resembling invol.-bracts) 30

28. Inner invol.-bracts scarious, coloured (rayed) . 20

— Inner invol. -bracts not rayed .... 30

29. Rayed invol. -bracts white or yellowish white. Pis prickly.

Ls sinuate or pinnatifid . . . Carlina. 328.

— Rayed invol. -bracts rose-coloured. Pis not prickly. Ls
entire, tomentose .... Xeranthemum. 334.

30. Invol. -bracts in 2 rows. Ls opposite . Bidens. 305.

— Invol. -bracts imbricate. Ls alternate . . . 31

31. Invol.-bracts (the inner ones sometimes excepted) atten¬
uated to a hooked point (heads consequently clinging
to anything they come in contact with). Ls denticulate,
the lower ones very large, 3 — 4 dm broad Lappa. 327.

— Invol.-bracts not attenuated, terminated by a straight

spine or a scarious appendage .... 32

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.
39

Silybum. 324.
. 33

. 34

. 35

Filaments of the stas united
Filaments of the stas free
Pappus plumose
Pappus of simple hairs .

Invol. -bracts and ls without prickles (Alpine pis with
rose or violet fls) ..... Saussurea. 329.
Invol -bracts terminated by a spine of some length. Ls
spiny or at any rate ciliate-spiny . Cirsium. 323.
Pappus-hairs united at the base and falling otf together
at last. Ls decurrent .... Carduus. 325.
Pappus-hairs falling off separately . . . 30

Outer invol. -bracts leaf-like . . Kentrophyllum. 331.

Outer invol. -bracts not leaf-like .... 37

Pappus-hairs arranged in several rows, the innermost
series longer than the others . . Serratula. 330.

Pappus-hairs arranged in several rows, the innq^nost
series shorter than the last but one . . . 38

Fr. with lateral hilum .... Centaurea. 332.
Fr. with basal hilum .... Crupina. 333.

(27). Invol. -bracts arranged in a single row, equal in
length, or accompanied at the base by some shorter
bracts forming an outer involucre . . . 40

Invol. -bracts imbricate, the outer ones gradually dimin-

40

41
42,
43

ishing in length
Stem leafless (scaly)
Stem leafy
Stem with 1 head .
Stem with many heads
Fls purple
Fls yellow7
(39). Ls opp.

Ls altern.

43
. 41

. 42

. Homogyne. 288.

Petasites. 290.
Adenostyles. 287.
Senecio. 320.
. Eupatorium. 286.

44

40

Nineteenth class.

44. Prickly, thistle-like pis

— Pis without prickles

45. FIs all hermaphrodite

— Outer fls female

46. Fls yellow

— Fls never yellow

47. Some, at least, of the invol. bracts scarious. (Tomen-

tose or wooly-tomentose pis with indistinct fls) . 48

— Invol. bracts herbaceous ..... 51

Onopordon. 826.
.45
. 46

. 47

Linosyris. 291.
Antennaria.

310.

48. Receptacle with bract-like scales between the fern, fls

Filago. 307.

— Recept. without scales ...... 49

49. Heads all polygamous (on one stem all female, on the

other all hermaphrodite) . . . Antennaria. 310.

— Heads with mixed fls (ray fls fern., disk fls hermaphro¬
dite) . . . . . . . . .50

50. Pappus hairs of the disk fls thickened (like a club)

towards the top .... Leontopodium. 309.

Pappus hairs of all the fls filiform or only slightly
thickened towards the top . . Gnaphalium. 308.

51 (47). Fls yellow . Conyza. 300.

Fls never yellow ..... Erigeron. 296.

52 (26). Receptacle having scales . . Centaurea. 332.

— Receptacle, without scales, glabr. or hairy . . 58

53. Heads isolated, terminal with divergent, reflexed bracts.

Fr. beaked . Carpesium. 306.

— Heads agglomerated or crowded .... 54

54. Invol. bracts in 2 rows .... Micropus. 298.

— Invol. bracts imbricate (comp, also Matricaria discoidea)

55

55. Heads small or very small, gen. in spikes or racemes
arranged in a panicle .... Artemisia. 311.

— Heads of moderate size, in a flat corymb. Fls yellow

Tanacetum. 312.

56 (1). Receptacle having scales ..... 57

— Receptacle without scales ..... 68

57. Invol. bracts in 1 — 2 rows (Ray fls barren, yellow) 58

— Invol. bracts in several rows (imbricate) . . 50

58. Pappus short, crown-like. Ls altern. Rudbeckia. 303.

— Pappus consisting of 2 — 5 awns armed with small re¬
flexed spines. Ls opp . Bidens. 305.

59. Ray fls barren . . . . . . .60

— Ray fls female . . . . . . .61

60. Ray fls yellow. Heads very large. Ls undiv.

Helianthus. 304.

— Ray fls white. Heads rather small. Ls 2 — 3 pinnatipar-

tite . Anthemis. 314.

Nineteenth class.

41

61. Anthers with 2 filiform appendages at the base. Ray fls

yellow. Ls undivided . . . Buphthalmum. 302.

— Anthers without appendages. Ray fls gen. white. Ls gen.

1 — 2 pinnatisect ....... 6*2

62. Ligule of ray fls broad, rounded. Heads small, in a dense

corymb ....... Achillea. 313.

Ligule of ray fls long. Heads larger, in a loose corymb

Anthemis. 314.

63 (56). Pappus 0, or only a prominent rim . . 04

— Pappus hair-like ....... 6*7

64. Disk fls hermaphrodite, barren; ray fls fertile; fls all

yellow . Calendula. 321.

— Ray and disk fls fertile, ray fls white . . . 05

65. Invol. bracts in 2 rows. Stem leafless, only bearing

1 head ....... Beilis. 294

Invol. bracts imbricate. Stem leafy . . . 6*6*

66. Fr. with 3 — 5 ribs on the inner face. Ls 2 — 3-pinnati-

partite . Matricaria. 315.

Fr. equally ribbed all round . Leucanthemum. 316.

67 (63). Invol. bracts in 1 or 2 rows, equal in length or the
outer ones forming an outer invol. . . . 6 <8

— Invol. bracts in several rows, imbricate. (Stem leafy) 74

68. Pappus of the ray fr. simple, that of the disk double

Stenactis. 295.

— Pappus all alike, of the ray fr. sometimes 0 . 67>

69. Ray fls white ..... Bellidiastrum. 293.

— Ray fls yellow . . . . . . .70

70. Fem. fls in several rows. Stem bearing only 1 head,

scaly . Tussilago. 289.

— Fem. fls in 1 row. Stem leafy, with 1 — several heads 71

71. Caul, ls opposite ..... Arnica. 319.

— Caul, ls alternate ....... 7*2

72. Invol. cylindric or conic . . . Senecio. 320.

— Invol. hemispheric, or fairly flat. (Ls undiv.) . 75

73. Ray fr. without pappus .... Doronicum. 317.

— All the fr. with pappus .... Aronicum. 318.

74 (67). Fls of ray and disk of the same colour (yellow) 75

— Ray fls of a different colour . . . . .77

75. Anthers without appendages. Ray fls 5 — 8 Solidago. 297.

— Anthers with appendages. Ray fls gen. numerous 76

76. Pappus double, that of the circumference short, like a
crown ....... Pulicaria. 301.

— Pappus simple, a single row of hairs . Inula. 299.

77 (74). Ray fls very narrow, in several rows Erigeron. 296.

— Ray fls broader, in a single row . . Aster. 292.

42

Twentieth class.

Cl. 20. Gynandria.

1. Stas 6. Perianth gamopetalous, tubular, the limb cut

obliquely into a ligule. Ls deeply cordate. FIs in the
1. -axils * . Aristolochia. 499.

— Stas 1 — 2. Perianth with 6 divisions; 1 division of the
inner circle (the lip J gen. twisted down by the torsion
of the ovary, often of peculiar form. Orchidacece 2

2. Pis with no green ls ...... 3

— Pis with green ls ....... 6'

3. Lip prolonged to a spur ..... ^

— Lip not spurred ...... 5

4. Spur inflated, short, pointed upwards. Lip placed above

Epipogon. 553.

— Spur subulate, pointed downwards. Lip placed below

Limodorum. 554.

5. Lip 2-lobed at the extremity . . Neottia. 558.

— Lip undiv. at the extremity . . Corallorhiza. 561.

6(2). Lip with a (sometimes short) spur Orchis. 541.

— Lip not spurred ....... 7

7. Pis having at their base 2 (rarely 1 or more than 2)

entire, globular or oval, or compressed-palmatipartite,
or cylindric-napiform tubers . .... S

■ — Pis without subterranean tubers, but the stem bearing
at its base a green, lateral tubercle. (FIs small,
greenish) ........ 12

— Pis without tubers. Root formed of branched or fascicled

fibres (not noticeably thickened) .... 13

8. Lip with a 2 -jointed knee, the foremost joint broken
back. (Only in Tessin) .... Serapias. 551.

— Lip not jointed ....... 9

9. Stem and spike pubescent. Spike unilateral, twisted
spirally. (FIs white) .... Spiranthes. 560.

• — Stem and spike glabrous ..... 10

10. Divisions of the perianth all divergent. FI. of a peculiar,
insect-like form, lip velvety brown . Ophrys. 548.

— Divisions of the perianth all (except the lip) connivent

11

11. Lip stretched out, deeply 3-fid . . Herminium. 551.

— Lip drooping, 4-lobed .... Aceras. 550.

— Lip drooping, undiv., only with a tooth on each side

Chamseorchis. 549.

12 (7). Lip obtuse, as long as the other divisions of the

perianth . Sturmia. 562.

— Lip acute, shorter than the outer divisions of the perianth

Melaxis. 563.

13 (7). Stem with 2 opp. ls. Rad. ls 0. FIs greenish

Listera. 557.

Twentieth, twenty-first class.

43

14.

15.

16.

Stem with more than 2 Is, or in any case the Is not
opposite ......... 14

Stem 1 — 2 fld. Lip inflated, sabot-shaped

Cypripedium. 564.

FIs in a spike or a many-fld raceme ... 15

Lip not jointed. Ls net-veined . . Goodyera. 559.

Lip with 2 joints ....... Id

Ovary twisted, sessile . . . Cephalanthera. 555.

Ovary pedicelled, pedicel twisted . . Epipactis. 556.

Cl. 21. Monoecia.

1. Ligneous pis (trees or shrubs) .... 2

— Water pis (submerged or floating) ... 17

— Herbaceous pis, growing on land or in swamps . 24

— Grass-like pis ..... Carex. 609.

2. Resinous trees, gen. with acicular, persistent ls .7

— Trees, the ls more or less broad, gen. falling in the

autumn ......... 6*

3. Ls small, at any rate partly scale-like . . 4

Ls narrow, linear (acicular) ..... 5

4. Fr. -scales united at last and forming a false berry

Juniperus. 669.

— Fr. -scales leathery-scarious or ligneous, forming a cone

4a

4a. Scales of the cone imbricate (overlapping one another).
Twigs flattened ..... Thuia. 671.

— Scales of the cone shield-shaped. Twigs 4-cornered

Cupressus. 670.

5. Scales of the cone thickened at the top, with a shield

Pinus. 672.

— Scales of the cone thinner at the top . Abies. 673.
6(2). Ls pinnate. Walnut .... Juglans. 513.

— Ls simple, lobed, or pinnatifid . ... 7

7. Male and fem. fls, or at any rate the males, in catkins

8

— Fls not in catkins ....... 15

8. Male and fem. fls in catkins . .... .9

— Fem. fls not in catkins ...... 12

9. Fem. catkins in racemes of 3 — 5 (on a common peduncle).

Alder . Alnus. 521.

— Fem. catkins solitary ...... 10

10. Anthers glabr. at the top. Fem. catkins dense. Birch

Betula. 520.

— Anthers with tufts of hair at the top. Fem. catkins lax

11

44

Twenty-first class.

11. Fr. with a foliaceous, 3-lobed envelope. Hornbeam,

Carpinus. 518.

— Fr. enclosed in an urceolate, inflated envelope

Ostrya. 519.

12 (8). Male catkins almost globular, suspended. Beech

Fagus. 514.

— Male catkins cylindric ...... 13

13. Male catkins erect. Fr. 2 — 3 in an envelope. Chestnut

Castanea. 515.

— Male catkins drooping. Fr. isolated in their envelope

11

14

15

16

17

18.

19

20,

21

22

23,

24

25.

Male catkins dense. Fr.-envelope herbaceous-fleshy, gen.
enveloping the fr. or entirely enclosing it. Hazel

Corylus. 517.

Male catkins interrupted. Fr.-envelope leathery-ligneous,
short, cup-sliaped, onlyr surrounding the base of the fr.

Oak . Quercus. 516.

(7). Ls opp., entire, persistent. Box . Buxus. 502.
Ls altera., lobed or toothed, falling in autumn . 16

FIs in short spikes; the fern, fls forming a false berry
like that of the wild mulberry, in consequence of the
perianth becoming fleshy. Mulberry . Morus. 510.
Fls enclosed in a fleshy, pear-shaped, hollow receptacle.

Fig . Ficus. 511.

(1). Pis composed of small ls (fronds) at most 10 mm
long, floating freely on the water . Lemna. 535.
Pis with stem and ls ..... 18

Ls with dichotomous or pinnate divisions . . 19

Ls undivided . . . . . . . .20

Seps 10 — 12. Cor. 0. Stas 12 — 20. Ls several times

dichotomous . Ceratophyllum. 192.

Cal. 4-partite. Pets 4. Stas 8. Ls pectinate-pinnatifid or

pinnatipartite
Stas numerous. Ls sagittate
Stas 1 — 3

Ls with spiny teeth
Ls entire

Fls in globular heads
Fls not in heads
Ls linear or long-obovate

Myriophyllum. 189.
. Sagittaria. 528.

. 21
Najas. 534.
oo

• • • /V

Sparganium. 537.

. 23

. Callitriche. 191.
Zannichellia. 533.

Ls almost capillary
(1). Ls pinnate. Fls in heads. Stas 20 — 30. Stig. brush-like

Sanguisorba. 176.

Ls simple, undiv. or lobed . 25

. One pedicelled ovary with 3 styles (fem. fls) and 10 — 20
stas (male fls) in a common calyx-like envelope. Pis
with milky juice and fls in a cyme or umbel

Euphorbia. 503.

Twenty-first, twenty-second class.

45

— Ovary not pedicelled (comp. Typha) . . . 20

26. FIs united on a fleshy spadix surrounded by a sheath.

Rad. Is cordate, hastate or sagittate . . . . 27

— Sheath 0, or (in Typha) very deciduous . . 2S

27. Spathe (or sheath) in the form of a horn. Spadix bear¬
ing the fem. fls at the base and above these the male
fls, prolonged above in the form of a club Arum. 538-

— Spathe flat, white inside. Spadix with fls up to the top;
the upper fls male, the others hermaphrodite Calla. 539.

28. Fls, at least the males, in globular heads, or cylindric

spikes ......... 20

— Fls neither in heads nor spikes .... 31

29. Ls broad, lobed. Pis growing on dry ground

Xanthium. 359.

— Ls linear, entire. Pis growing on marshy places 30

30. Fls in cylindric spikes .... Typha. 536.

— Fls in globular heads . . . Sparganium. 537.

31 (28). Stem climbing, with spiral tendrils. Ls cordate,

5-lobed . Bryonia. 197.

— Stem not climbing, without tendrils . . . 32

32. FI. -envelope composed of cal. and cor. Ls all radical 33

— FI. -envelope simple, a perianth, or 0. Ls partly cauline

34

33. Stas numerous. Ls sagittate . . . Sagittaria. 528.

— Stas 4. Ls linear-subulate . . . Littorella. 483.

34. Ls opp. with stinging hairs, secreting a caustic liquid

Urtica. 505.

— Ls (except perhaps the first) altern., without stinging

hairs ......... 33

35. Fem. fls without perianth, but with 2 bracts which are
enlarged at maturity and enclose the fr. Atriplex. 489.

— Male and fem. fls with a perianth (ls oval or oval-
rhomboidal) ..... Amaranthus. 484:

Cl. 22. Dicecia.

1. Ligneous pis (trees and shrubs) . ... 2

— Herbaceous pis (and climbers) .... 15

— Grass-like pis ..... Carex. 609.

2. Small dichotomous shrubs, with opp. ls, tree-parasites

Viscum. 268.

— Pis not parasitic, growing on the ground . . 3

3. Small leafless shrubs, with articulate branches

Ephedra. 667.

— Leafy trees or shrubs ...... 4

4. Resinous trees or shrubs (the ls resembling those of

firs) ......... 5

46

Twenty-second class.

6

7

8

9

10

11

12.

13

14.

15

16.

17.

18.

19

20.

21.

22

23

Trees or shrubs with larger Is (gen. decid. in autumn)

6*

. False berry globular, closed, blackish blue. Ls in whorls

of 3 . Juniperus. 669.

False berry saucer-shaped, open above, red. Ls arranged
in 2 rows along the branches . . Taxus. 668.

. Ls pinnate. Stas 2. Fr. a samara . . Fraxinus. 380.

Ls simple, undiv. or lobed ..... 7

. FIs in catkins ....... S

FIs not in catkins ....... 9

. Periath cup-sliaped. Stas 8 — 30. Poplar Populus. 523.

Perianth reduced to 1 or 2 glands. Stas 1 — 10 (gen. 2).

Willow . Salix. 522.

Ls palmatilobed ....... 10

Ls undivided ....... .11

Stas gen. 8. Ls opposite .... Acer. 120.

Stas 5. Ls altern. (or in clusters) . Ribes. 209.
Stas 3. Seps and pets 3 ... Empetrum. 501.

Stas 4—12 ........ 12

FIs supported by ls (or more correctly by branches en¬
larged like ls) . Ruscus. 577.

FIs not supported by ls .... 13

Pets small, greenish. Style 2 — 4-fid. Stas 4 Rhamnus. 130.
A simple perianth. Style undiv. .... 1-1

Perianth of fern, fls 2-fid. Stas 4. Spiny shrubs

Hyppophae. 498.

Perianth 4-partite. Stas 9 —12 . . Laurus. 496.

(1). Pis consisting of small ls (fronds), floating freely on

Lenina. 535.
10
. 17

19

Hydrocharis. 525.

. IS

the water

Pis with stem and ls
Water pis (floating or submerged)

Land pis .....

, Ls reniform. Stas 9
Ls linear or grass-like. Stas 1 — 3
Ls opp., or in dusters of 3, spiny-toothed Naias. 534.
Ls all radical, finely denticulate only at the extremity

Vallisneria. 524.

(16). Stem climbing ....... 20

Stem not climbing ...... 22

Ls opp. Stigs 2 . Humulus. 507.

Ls altern. Style 3-fid . 21

Pis with spirally twisted tendrils. Ls lobed. Fls greenish-
yellow or yellowish-white . . . Bryonia. 197.

Tendrils 0. Ls undiv . Tamus. 578.

(19). Cor. gamopet., 5-fid. Ls opp. . . Valeriana. 279.

Cor. with several pets, or perianth with 3 — 5 divisions

2.2

Fl.-envelope composed of cal. and cor. . . 2-1

Twenty-second, twenty-third, twenty-fourth class.

47

— Fl. -envelope simple, (a perianth) .... 27

24. Ls compound ...... Spiraea. 164.

— Ls undiv. ........ 25

25. Several carpels separated almost to the base, and de¬
hiscing on the inner side by a longitudinal slit. Ls altern.

Sedum. 206.

— Fr. a caps., opening by 6 or 10 teeth. Ls opp. . 26

26. Styles 5. Caps, with 10 teeth . . Melandrium. 97.

— Styles 3. Caps, with 6 teeth . .. . Silene. 95.

27 (23). Ls altern. or in clusters ..... 2S

— Ls, at any rate the lower ones, opp. . . . 2D

28. Styles 3, with a multifid stig. Ls broad Rumex. 491.

— Style 1, with a very short stig. Ls linear Asparagus. 571.

29. Ls digitate, with 5—9 leaflets. Stas 5. Stigs 2. Hemp

Cannabis. 506*.

— Ls not divided ....... 30

30. FIs in panicles placed in the leaf-axils, the males with
4 stas, the females with 1 brush-like stig. Urtica. 505.
— Male fls in interrupted spikes, with 9 — 12 stas, fem. fls
1 — 3 together in the leaf-axils; with 2 stigs

Mercurialis. 504.

Cl. 23. Polygamia.

The pis placed by Linnaeus in this class have been distributed among
the other classes according to the construction of their hermaphrodite fls.

Cl. 24. Cryptogamia.

In this work only the more highly organised Cryptogams are treated of,

viz. the vascular Cryptogams.

1. Pis growing at the bottom of stagnant water. (Fr. at

the base of the Is) . . . . . . . 2

— Land pis, sometimes also standing in water, but never

submerged or floating ...... t/

2. Ls with long petioles, formed of 4 obcordate-cuneiform
leaflets ....... Marsilea. 675.

— Ls without petioles, subulate .... 3

3. Stem reduced to the form of a bulb. Ls in clusters

Isoetes. 676.

— Stem filiform, creeping. Ls isolated Pilularia. 674.

4 (1 ). Ls 0 (or, more correctly, transformed to a sheath crowned

with teeth). Stem articulate, simple or with wliorled
branches. Fructification terminal, in the form of a cone-

like spike

Equisetum. 679

Ls present

. 5

48

Twenty-fourth class.

5. Ls small (5 — 10 mm), numerous, undiv., covering the,

gen. dichotomous, stem entirely. Sporangia in the axils
of ordinary, or more often, reduced ls (bracts), arranged
in a spike ....... . 0

— Ls (fronds) larger (more than 10 mm). Filices . 7

6. Sporangia of 2 forms, the one with large spores, the
other with numerous small ones. (Delicate moss-like pis)

Selaginella. 677.

— Sporangia all of one kind, with numerous small spores

Lycopodium. 678.

7. Sporangia arranged in a spike or panicle . . 8

— Sporangia grouped in brown clusters (sori) on the under

side of the frond . . . . . . 10

8. Fronds rolled up spirally when young, the upper part
of one frond fertile, forming a panicle Osmunda. 682.

— Fronds not rolled up t§hen young, divided more or less

deeply into a fertile and a barren part . . ,9

9. Fructification in a distichous spike. Barren part of the
frond undiv. ..... Ophioglossum. 680.

— Fructification in the form of a panicle (rarely reduced

to a spike). Barren part of the frond pinnatisect or
2-pinnatisect (very rarely entire) Botrychium. 681.

10 (7). Fertile and barren fronds differing in form . 11

— Fertile and barren fronds of the same form . 13

11. Groups of sporangia forming 2 lines, parallel to the
middle nerve ...... Bleclinum. 688.

— Groups of sporangia, at any rate finally, forming a con¬
tinuous marginal line ...... 12

12. Fronds 3-pinnatisect .... Allosurus. 685.

— Fronds simply pinnatisect; segments of the barren fronds
finely toothed ...... Pteris. 687.

— Fronds pinnatisect; segments of the barren fronds pin-

natifid ... .... Onoclea. 696.

13 (10). Fronds thickly covered on the under side with
chaffy scales (tegument 0) . . . .14

— Fronds glabr. underneath, or with scattered chaffy scales

15

14. Fronds simply pinnatisect . . . Ceterach. 692.

— Fronds 2-pinnatisect . . . Gymnogramme. 684.

15. Groups of sporangia covered entirely or partly by the

reflexed edge of the frond ..... 10

— Groups of sporangia covered, at any rate when young,

by a membranous tegument (indusium) . . 17

— Groups of sporangia naked, without a tegument, and

not covered by the edges of the frond . . 22

16. Groups of sporangia in a continuous line. Pis of 70 to

150 cm . Pteris. 687.

Twenty-fourth class.

49

— Groups of sporangia in an interrupted line. Pis of

20 — 30 cm . Adiantuni. 686.

17. Groups of sporangia lateral, linear or elongated, rarely
horse-shoe shaped. Tegument with a broad base, united
laterally to the nerve ...... IS

— Groups of sporangia dorsal (sup. or inf.), gen. rounded,

inserted on the back of the nerve . . . 20

18. Groups of sporangia in pairs, their teguments turned
with their free edges one towards the other. Fronds undiv.

Scolopendrium. 689.

— Groups of sporangia isolated. Fronds more or less divided

10

19. Groups of sporangia linear or longisli. Chaffy scales

arranged like lattice-work . . . Asplenium. 690.

— Groups of sporangia oblong or horse-shoe shaped. Scales

not latticed . Athyrium. 691.

20 (17). Tegument sup. (lying on the group of sporangia),
or peltate, i. e. attached in the centre, or reniform and
attached in the indenture . . . Aspidium. 694.

— Teg. inf. (springing from the base of the group of spor¬
angia) . . . . . . . . .21

21. Teg. unilateral, only spread over the groups of spor¬
angia from one side, and finally folding back

Cystopteris. 695.

— Teg. completely surrounding the groups of sporangia,
cut like a fringe ..... Woodsia. 697

22 (15). Petiole jointed at the base. Fronds simply pinnatisect

Polypodium. 683.

— Petiole not jointed. Fronds 2 — 3-pinnatisect

Phegopteris. 693.

50

Ranunculacese.

III. Tables for determining the species.

1. Ranunculacese.

1. Clematis. Clematis. XIII, 14.

1. Stem solid, woody, climbing. Seps tomentose on both
sides. — Hedges and thickets; distrib.; a var. integrifolia
near Geneva. 7 ..... Vitalba L. 1.

— Stem hollow, herbaceous, erect. Seps glabr., only pubescent
on the outer edge. — Thickets; T. W. 5, 6. recta L. 2.

2. Atragene. Atragene. XIII, 14.

1. A climbing shrub. FIs violet, rarely white. — Alp. and subalp.;
Graub.,Charmey(Freibg.).Boltigen(Bern).Saleve.5.alpina L.3.

3. Thalictrum. Thalictrum. XIII, 18.

1. Achenes pedicelled, 3-cornered. FIs lilac. — Wood-margins
and damp tliickety places; distrib. 5, 6. aquilegifolium L. 4

— Achenes sessile or shortly pedicelled, ribs 7 — 12. FIs

greenish or yellowish ...... 2

2. Achenes pedicelled, bent. FIs. gen. in a simple raceme.

Stem 3 — 15 cm , leafless. — Damp alpine places; Graub.
(south-east) 7 . . . . . . alpinum L. 5.

— Achenes sessile, straight. FIs in a panicle. Stem 30 — 100 cm,

leafy. ......... 3

3. Leaf-segments rounded or rounded- obovate, about as broad
as long ......... it

— L. -segments (at any rate in the middle and upper Is)

several times as long as broad . ... G

4. Pis. thickly covered with glandular hairs which are thickened

at the base. L. -segments very small. Fr. large. — b. PI.
glabr. or almost so ; segments rather larger. — Rocky places ;
G. T. W. B. 0. Uri. 6 . foetidum L. 6.

— Pis glabrous, rarely with very shortly stipitate glands. Type

of Th. minus*) ....... 3

5. Ls crowded near the middle of the stem; segments small,
rather firm, with prominent nerves underneath. Th. calcareum
Jord., Grenieri Lor., alpestre Gaud, (dwarf form). — Hills,
rocky places, especially in the mount, and subalp. Gen.
confused with the two following and, in consequence, the
localities are still doubtful! Hospenthal, Col de Torrent,

*) Here also: Th. Laggeri Jord., amhiguum Schl., pubescens auct. an Schl. ?
elatiim and nutans Gaud. Jacquinianum Koch, flexuosum Kchh., oreites Jord. etc.

Ranunculacese.

51

Alp de Mortals, Creux du Van, Hasenmatt, Lagern, &c. G.

saxatile Dec. 7.

— Ls more equally distributed on the stem; segment of a

medium size, with less prominent nerves underneath.
Fr. small, with short stigs. Th. preecox Jord.? Comp,
the last. 5, 6 . minus L. 8.

— Ls as in the last, but segments larger, thinner, slightly
bluish green, easily turning black in drying; panicle
leafy, often almost in a corymb ; pedicels thinner, longer;
stig. of young fr. narrower and longer. — T. W. 6.

majus Jacq. 9.

G (3). FIs in a rather loose panicle. Stas drooping; anthers
shortly apiculate. Rt.-stock creeping. Th. simplex and
angustifolium auct. helv.— 7b) galioides Nestl. L. -segments
linear or almost filiform. — c) alpicolum Jord.! Segments
broader, fls more numerous and closer together. — Hills,
pasturages; scattered (wanting in U. ) ; c. Bagnethal. G, 7

Bauhini Crantz. 10.

— Fls clustered at the top of the twigs. Stas erect; anthers

not apiculate ........ 7

7. Rt.-stock not creeping. L. -segments oblong-cuneiform

in the upper ls linear, gen. undiv. ; in the lower finely
pubescent underneath. — South Tyrol, Piemont (Tess.V)
G, 7 . * angustifolium Jacq. 11.

— Rt.-stock creeping. Segments obovate-cuneiform, the upper

elongated, often 3-fid ...... 8

8. Ls finely pubescent underneath — Water-side; T. (Maga-

dino, Lugano). 6 . exaltatuni Gaud. 12.

— Ls glabr. underneath. — Damp meadows, water-side ; fairly

distrib. (wanting in G.) 7 flavum L. 13.

4. Anemone. Anemone. XIII, 17, 25.

1. Invol. very close to the fl. and resembling a cal. of
3 seps. Rad. ls cordate, 3-lobed; lobes entire. Hepatica
triloba Chaix. — Thickets, stony slopes; fairly distrib. 3

Hepatica L. 14.

— Invol. distant from the fl., gen. more or less div. and

resembling caul, ls ...... 2

2. Fls 2 — 8 in an umbel, white, often streaked with rose
outside. Carps glabr. — Alp. and Jura. 6 Narcissiflora L. 15.

— Fls 1 — 3. Carps villous or pubescent ... 3

3. Seps yellow, pubescent underneath. Invol. as in the
following but the petiole much less than 1i 2 the length
of the leaflet. — Meadows, water-side thickets ; distrib. 4

ranunculoides L. 16.

4

Seps never yellow (comp. 18)

52

Ranunculacea?.

4. Seps glabr. on both sides, white, often streaked with
rose or violet. Invol.-ls 3-sect; segments 2 — 3-fid, un¬
equally inciso-dentate ; petioles about 1/2 the length of
the invol. 1. — Woods, thickets; everywhere. 4

neniorosa L. 17.

— Seps villous or pubescent on the back . . 5

5. Carps as in Clematis terminated by a long, plumose

queue (prolongation of the style) ... 6

— Carps with short, glabr. styles .... 10

6. Invol.-ls free at the base, with short, broad petioles,
resembling the rad. Is. FIs white, sometimes tinted on
the outside with violet, or (b. sulfurea L.) sulphur-
yellow. — Alp , subalp. and Jura; b. only on granite soil. 6

alpira L. 18.

— Invol.-ls sessile, united at the base in a sheath, palmati-

partite, differing from the rad. Is. FIs light or dark

violet ......... 7

7. Rad. Is persist, during winter, simply pinnatisect; seg¬
ments obovate-cuneiform, 2 — 3-fid, with broad lobes.
Hairs shining, brownish-yellow. — Alp. and subalp. 5 — 7

vernalis L. 19.

— Rad. Is dying in the autumn, 2 — 3-pinnatisect, with

linear or linear-lanceolate lobes . ... 8

8. Ls very villous, hardly 2-pinnatisect, with linear-lanceo¬
late lobes. — Alp. of Wall, (upper Nicolaithal). 7

Halleri All. 20.

— Ls glabr. throughout almost their entire development,
3-pinnatisect, with linear lobes (Type of A. Pulsatilla) O

9. FIs. more or less erect, gen. light violet. — Sunny hills,
here and there; G. W. V. J. Z. S. 3, 4 Pulsatilla L. 21.

— FIs. drooping, dark violet, rarely rose, light blue or

whitish (Montorge !). — As the last; G. W. T. 3, 4, rather
later than the last . . . montana Hoppe. 22.

10(5). Invol.-ls sessile, entire or slightly incised, differing
from the rad. ls. Anthers blue. A. hortensis auct. p. —
Southern Europe ; formerly near Chillon ! 4

*stellata Lam. 23.

— Invol.-ls petioled, almost like the rad. ls. Anthers yellow

11

11. Ls 2-ternatisect, with 2 - 5-fid segments. Stem 10 — 15 cm.
— High Alp. W. Y. B. 0. 7 . . . Baldensis L. 24.

— Ls palmate 5-partite, with 2 — 3 -fid segments. Stem 20

to 40 cm.— Slopes; northern side of Hauenstein above
Laufelfingen ; and on the northern frontier near Grenzach
(and Mundelfingen). 5 . . sylvestris L. 25.

Ranunculacete.

53

5. Adonis. Adonis. XIII, 27.

1. Pets 15 — 20, yellow. Perenn. pis. — Sunny slopes. W.

(Folateires, Charat, Saxon etc.) 4 vernalis L. 26.

— Pets 5 — 8, red, often touched with black at the base,

rarely straw-coloured. Ann. pis . ... 2

2. Seps spreading; pets concave, connivent. — Corn-fields;
Wall, rare (subspontaneous?). 5, 6 autuninalis L. 27.

— Seps applied to the spreading pets ... 3

3. Seps glabr., flat. Fr.-spike dense. A. ambigua Gaud. —

b. fiava Vill. — Corn-fields; G. W. J. Z. S. and some¬
times adventitious. 5, 6 . . aestivalis L. 28.

— Seps hairy, concave. Fr.-spike looser. FIs with longer
peduncles and darker than in the last. — b. citrina Dec.
—As the last; Wall., Bale, Scliaffh. 5,6 flammea Jacq. 29.

• 6. Myosurus. Mouse-tail. V, 139.

1. Ls all radical, almost linear. Stem 5 — 8 cm, with a single
fl. — Rather damp fields; near Payerne (Etrabloz), Bale
and Boswyl (Aarg.). 5. ... minimus L. 80.

7. Callianthemum. Callianthemum. XIII, 27.

1. Ls 2-pinnatisect ; segments 3 — multi-fid. with linear lobes.
Pets white, with a yellow claw. — High Alp.; G. W.
Schongiebel between the Brienzer Rothhorn and Lungern.
Calveis (Appenzell). 6, 7 . rutaefolium C. A. Mey. 31.

8. Ranunculus. Ranunculus. XIII, 27.

1. FIs white or rose-coloured ..... 2

— FIs yellow ........ 13

2. Peduncles recurved after flowering. Water pis (lower

leaf or all multifid, with capillary segments) . 3

— Peduncles straight after flowering. Pis growing on dry
land or by the water-side, gen. in the Alp. or mount. 6*

3. Lobes of submerged ls very long, almost parallel. Stas
shorter than the head of carpels. — Varied rarely with float¬
ing ls and b. Bachii Wirtg. Pets smaller, gen. 5. — Running
streams; J. B. Z. A.; b. near Scliaffh. ! 6 fluitans Lam. 32.

— Lobes of submerged ls spreading. Stas gen. longer than

the head of carpels ...... 4:

4. Lobes of the submerged ls stiff, spreading in a disk,

not cohering when taken out of the water. Peduncles
4 — 5 times as long as the ls. — Standing water; fairly
distrib. 5 .... divaricatus Schrank. 33.

— Lobes of the submerged ls standing out on all sides,
limp. Peduncles as long or rather longer than the ls 5

5. FIs rather large. Pets broad, obovate. Stas 20 and more.
Floating Is gen. developed, 3 — 5-lobed. — Standing or

54

Ranunculacese.

slowly flowing water; rarer than the following; AV. Y.
J. Gl. . . .? . aquatilis L. 34.

— FIs rather small. Pets narrower, obovate-oblong, deciduous.
Stas 7 — 18. Floating Is gen. 0; if developed deeply
3-partite, with cuneiform segments, sometimes petioluled
and div. like a fan. — a. R. paucistainineus Tausch. Stas
10 — 15. Receptacle almost globular. The form with
floating Is: R. Petiveri Koch p.*) — b. R. Drouettii F.
Schultz. Stas 5 — 10. Receptacle ovoid? Carps almost ob¬
tuse. FIs. smaller, — c. R. confervoides Fr. 1845 (lutu-
lentus Perr. Song. 1859). FIs small. Carps slightly com¬
pressed, with rather long, recurved beaks. Dwarf pis.
AY. (Zermatt, Bagnethal). — d. R. Rionii Lagg. (sedunensis
Rion.). Stas shorter (in the 3 last longer) than the
head of carpels. Receptacle conic. Carps 80 — 90 (in the
last 20 — 35). W. (Siders, Sion, Saillon, later than the
last). — As the last, but distrib. 5 T richophy 1 1 us Chaix. 35.

6 (2). Ls undiv. and gen. entire .... 7

— Ls divided ........ 8

7. Rad. ls linear-lanceolate or lanceolate. Seps glabr. —

b. plantag incus All. Stem with several (up to 7) fls ; ls
broader. — High Alp. 6 . . . pyrensBus L. 36.

— Rad. ls cordate-oval. Seps hairy. — High Alp. (wanting

in IT.). 6 . parnassifolius L. 37.

8. Cal. rough with reddish brown hairs. Yaried, especially

on granite, with web-like hairs (v. holosericeus). — High
Alp. 7 . glacialis l. 38.

— Cal. glabr. or slightly hairy ..... .9

9- Carps inverted (the hilum at the top of the carp.). Comp.

the genus Calliantliemum.

— Carps not inverted (hilum at the base) . . 10

10. Stem 30 — 90 cm bearing several (in dwarf forms few)

fls. Caul, ls, at any rate the lower ones, palmatifid, with
3 — 7 divisions. Receptacle villous. Pis never entirely
without hairs. Type of R. ciconitifolius . . 11

— Stem 5 — 10 cm, 1-fld. Caul. 1. undiv. or, when there are

two, the lower one 2 — 3-fid. Receptacle glabr. Pis entirely
glabr. Type of R. alpestris ..... 12

11. Stem with spreading branches. Ls div. to the petiole;

lobes simply acute, those of the upper caul, ls toothed.
— Damp places and brook-margins, especially in the
mount, and subalp. 5 . . aconitifolius L. 39.

*) The following still require final examination: R. radians Rev. ( tri -
phvllus Wallr. ?) which has the large broad pets of R. aquatilis, but the rather
shorter peduncle and deeply div. floating ls of R. trichophyllus. Y. (Lavigny!) —
R. Godroni Gren. with the smaller fls appears to be an heterophyllus form
of paucistamineus. See N. Beitr. Ill, 1.

Ranunculaeefe.

55

— Stem with erect branches. Ls not so deeply div ; lobes

narrowed to a point, those of the upper caul, ls entire.
— As the last, but in dry places and not descending to
the plains. 6 . platanifolius L. 40.

12. Rad. ls 3 — 5-lobed; lobes inciso-crenate at the top,
(sometimes 1 or 2 ls entire). — Alp., subalp. and Jura. G, 7

alpesfris L. 41.

— Rad. ls deeply 3-fid, or almost 3-sect; the middle segment

3-fid, the 2 lateral ones deeply 3-fid, the lobes being some¬
times 2 — 3-fid, linear-lanceolate. — Alp. ; reported; G.
0. (?). 6 . *Traunfellneri Hoppe. 42.

13 (1). Rt.-fibres thickened, fascicled .... 11

— Rt.-fibres not thickened (in 58 the base of the stem

bulb-shaped) ........ 15

14. Pets 5, obovate. Rad. ls 0, the lower caul. 1. rounded —
reniform, crenate. — Alp. and Jura; G. T. W. Y. G

Tliora L. 43.

— Pets 6 — 12, linear-oblong. See genus Ficaria.

15. Ls all undiv. ........ 10

— Ls div. or only the rad. entire .... IV

16. Carps with no rim, wrinkled. Ls linear-lanceolate. Rase

of the stem surrounded by a thick layer of fibres.—
Hills; St. Leonard in Wall. 5 . gramineus L. 44.

— Carps with a rim, smooth ..... ] 7

17. Stem erect, 70 — 100 cm. FIs. large (about 30 mm). Ls
oblong-lanceolate, acuminate. Ditches, waterside; distrib. 6

Lingua L. 45.

— Stem ascending or prostrate, rarely quite erect. FIs.

much smaller. Type of li. Flammula ... 18

18. Stem ascending or prostrate and rooting at the nodes,

with almost straight internodes. Carps with a short,
straight or slightly curved beak. — Ditches, marshes;
distrib. 6 . Flammula L. 46.

— Stem slender, almost filiform, the whole length prostrate,

rooting, with arched internodes. Carps with a more
distinct, curved beak. Ls narrower. FIs smaller, often
solitary, with narrow pets. —Damp sandy shores of lakes
and rivers; not everywhere. 6. . . reptans L. 47.

19 (15). Carps 5 — 7, very large, rough with spines. Pets
small, pale yellow. — Fields; distrib. 5, 6 arvensis L. 48.

— Carps numerous, smaller, smooth or very slightly wrinkled

20

20. Fr.-head long, ovoid or cylindric. Carps with no rim, 70
to 100. Ann., rather fleshy pis. Pets very small, pale
yellow. — Damp places, marshes; not common. 5

sceleratus L. 49.

— Fr.-head almost globular. Carps with a rim, 20—30 21

21. Peduncles not or havdly furrowed . . . 22

56

Ranunculacese.

— Peduncles furrowed ...... 26

22. Carps pubescent. Rad. Is rounded-reniform, sometimes
undiv. and crenate, sometimes palmatipartite with 3 — 5
divisions; caul. Is palmatipartite, gen. with linear and
entire lobes. Pets gen. partly suppressed (R. palustris
Heg.), rarely all developed, large (R. auricomus Heg.,
if the rad. Is are, at the same time, entire). — Orchards,
hedges; distrib. but wanting in U. A 4

auricomus L. 50.

— Carps glabr. Rad. Is more or less angular in outline,

palmatipartite ........ 23

23. Receptacle hairy. Stem gen. solid, 1-3- (rarely 5-) fid.

Type of R. montanus ...... 24 •

— Receptacle glabr. Stem hollow, with several or many fls

(at any rate in the larger pis) .... 23

24. Beak of the carp, slightly bent, about Vs as long as the carp,
or still less. Stem 5 — 15 cm. — b. gracilis Schleich. (gerani-
folius Pourr.). Pis small, the 1. -lobes more acute; beak
very short. — c. oreophilus M. B. (R. Yillarsii auct. p.)
Pis taller with several fls ; Is hairy, the lobes more acu¬
minate. — Alp., subalp. and Jura. 5, 6 montanus Wild. 51.

— Beak of carp, hooked, V2 as long as the carp, or more.
Stem 25 — 50 cm. Rt.-stock horizontal, thick. R. Yillarsii
auct. p. — Southern Alp.; St. Bernard! Bex! 6

aduncus Gr. Godr. 52.

25. Beak of the carp, bent, much shorter than the carp. Hairs

of stem and peduncles gen. applied. — b. multifidus Dec.
(R. Borseanus Jord.), forma angustisecta, with a short
rt.-stock. — c. Frieseanus Jord. Rt.-stock longer, with
bunches of fibres at the neck; stem covered below with
yellowish, gen. spreading hairs.— Fields ; everywhere;
b. G. W. V.; c. Aigle, Yevey! and probably in other
places. 5 . Acris L. 53.

— Beak of the carp, much hooked, almost V2 as long as

the carp. Hairs of stem and petioles spreading, yellowish.
— Mountain forests; distrib. 6 . lanuginosus L. 54.

26 (21). Rad. Is palmatipartite or palmatisect. (Seps loosely
applied. Receptacle hairy.) ..... 27

— Rad. Is 3-sect or 2— 3-sect, the middle lobe often petiol-

uled . 28

27- Beak short, bent. Rad. Is deeply div., with linear-lanceo¬
late segments. — Wood clearings; Chur; Briigg. 5, 6

polyanthemus L. 55.

— Beak longer, rolled up at the top. Rad. Is with 3 — 5

gen. broad, obovate cuneiform divisions. Var. with less
numerous and darker yellow fls (v. aureus Schl.), and
with the Is div. into narrow lobes (v. angustisectus). —
Woods; distrib. 5, 6 . . . nemorosus Dec. 56.

Ranunculacese.

57

28. Seps loosely applied. R. reptabundus Jord. (v. angusti-

sectus). — Vineyards, edges of ditches, roads; everywhere.
5, 6 . repens L. 57.

— Seps reflexed from the middle ....

29. Stem swollen like a bulb at the base. Carps smooth

(with fine dots when magnified). R. albo-neevus and
sparsipilus Jord , brachiatus Schl.— Grassy places, road¬
sides; everywhere. 5 bill bosu s L. 58.

— Stem not swollen at the base. Carps with small tubercles
(which are sometimes wanting) on the disk. R. Philo-
notis Ehrh. — Damp places ; road-sides. W. V. Z.(Aarg.). 6

sardous Craitz. 59.

OBS. The following- hybrid forms have been observed: R. a >>iUifolius

glacialis (aconitoides Dec.), aconiti/.-pgrenceus (lacerus Bell.), a! p»*t ris-glaciali

(gelidus Hfifms.).

9. Ficaria. Lesser Celandine. XIII, 25.

1. Ls rounded-cordate, the lower sinuate, the upper an¬
gular. Rt. composed of fibres thickened like a tuber.
Ranunculus Ficaria L. — Hedges and ditches; every¬
where. 4 . . verna Huds. 60.

10. Caltha. Marsh Marigold. XIII, 18.

1. Ls rounded-reniform , crenate or toothed. FI. large,
golden-yellow. C. Guerangerii Bor. — Brooks, ditches;
everywhere. 4. . palustris L. 61.

11. Trollius. Globe-flower. XIII, 21.

1. Ls palmatisect; segments rhomboidal, 3-fid, inciso-dent-
ate. Seps numerous, yellow, converging in a globe. —
Damp fields, especially in the mount, and subalp. 5 — 7

europaeus L. 62.

12. Eranthss. Winter Aconite. XIII, 21.

jjjl. One orbicular, multifid leaf; a similar invol. on which
the solitary yellow fl. is placed. — Orchards; rare. (Bex,
Treycovagnes, Morat, Bienne, Soloth., Bale, Zurich, etc )
2, 8 . hiemalis Salisb.,63.

13. Helleborus. Hellebore. XIII, 23.

1. Stem leafless, bearing only 1 or 2 small undiv. bracts, gen.
1-fld. Seps white or streaked with rose. — Tess. (M. Gene-
roso, M, Salvadore). 2, 3; in mild winters also 12 — 1;
often cultivated under the name of Christmas rose

niger L. 64.

— Stem leafy, with several or many fls. Seps greenish 2

6

58

Ranunculaceae.

2. Stem leafy below the fl. -branches (about the middle of
the stem). Seps conniving like a bell, with red edges.
Thickets ; hedges; distrib. in western Switz. 3 foetidus L. 65.

— Stem with (div.) Is only on the fl. -branches. Seps spreading

3

3. Stigs erect. L.-segments almost uniformly toothed. H.
occidentalis Reut. — As the last, but rather rarer. 3

viridis L. 66.

— Stigs spreading. L.-segments irreg. toothed. — As the last;
Bregenz by Riedschlosschen ; Chur. 3 *odorus W. K. 67.*)

14. Isopyrum. Isopyrum. XIII, 23.

1. Ls 2-ternatisect. FIs white. — Thickets; Chancy near
Geneva. 4 . thalictroides L. 68.

15. Nigella. Devil-in-the-bush. XIII, 22.

1. Ls 2— 3-pinnatisect, with linear lobes.— Fields ; W. B.

J. Z. S. 7, 8 . arvensis L. 69.

16. Aquilegia. Columbine. XIII, 15.

1. Stem 3 — 10-fld. Last segments of the ls gen. broader
than long. FIs large, blue-violet. — b. atrata Koch. FIs
smaller, gen. brownish red or blackish violet; stas more
prominent. — Wood-edges, thickets, fields; distrib., espe¬
cially b. 6 . vulgaris L. 70.

— Stem 1 — 3-fld. Last segments of the ls longer than

broad. FIs very large (60 — 70 mm), blue-violet. — Alp.;
not common. 7 .... alpina L. 71.

17. Delphinium. Larkspur. XIII, 12, 2.

1. Ls palmatipartite, with 3 — 5 broad, 3-fid, inciso-dentate

divisions. Carps 3 — 4. — Alp. 7 . . elatum L. 72.

— Ls 3 — multi-fid, with narrow lobes. Carp. 1 . 2

2. Carp, glabr. Racemes short, few-fld. — Corn-fields; fairly

distrib. 6 . Consolida L. 73.

— Carp, pubescent. Racemes many-fld. ... 3

3. Stem with divergent branches. Racemes loose. Carps

narrowed insensibly to the style. FIs gen. blue. — Southern
Europe. Ornamental pis. 6 . . t Ajacis L. 74.

— Stem simple or with erect branches. Fl. -racemes dense.

Carps, suddenly narrowed to the style. FIs gen. violet. —
An eastern ornamental pi. 6 . . t orientale Gay. 75.

18. Aconitum. Aconite. Monkshood. XIII, 12.

1. Fls blue, violet, or variegated with white . . 2

— Fls yellowish ........ 5

*) H. dumetorum W. K. See N. Deitr. II, 1.

Ranunculaceae.

59

2. Young carps diverging (soon after flowering). The hood,

supported on an arched filament, horizontal, with a very
short spur #

— Young carps parallel-connivent (casque distinctly higher

than broad) ........ 4

3. Upper part of the stem gen. simple, straight, glabr. or,
like the peduncles, covered with small crisp hairs.
Racemes dense (rarely loose or branched). L. -segments
linear or linear-lanceolate. Casque not quite or about
as high as broad, bent down over the lower seps.—
Alp., subalp. and Jura; descending to the valleys. 6, 7

Napellus L. 76.

— Upper part of the stem branched, often flexible, covered,
like the spreading peduncles, with jointed hairs. Racemes
paniculate, loose. L. -segments lanceolate or oblong.
Casque as in the last or (v. hebegynum Dec.) distinctly
higher. — Alp. and subalp., rare in the Jura. 7

paniculatum Lam. 77.

4. Hoods obliquely supported on filaments which are arched
at the top. Stas gen. hairy. A. intermedium Dec. Napellus-
paniculatum ? — Alp., rare, G. 0. ; also cultivated (barren !) 7

Stoerkianum Rchb. 78.

— Hoods vertical or slightly and obliquely inclined for¬

wards, on filaments which are straight or only slightly
curved towards the top. Stas gen. glabr. Casque high!
Inflorescence gen. glabr., often leafy at the base. L. -seg¬
ments broader than in A. Napellus; carps gen. 4 — 5.
A. rostratum Gaud. Cammarum Jacq. — Alp. and subalp.;
not common. 7 variegatum L. 79.

5(1). Ls palmatifid; segments rhomboidal-cuneiform, 3-fid
and inciso-dentate. Casque almost 3 times as high as
broad. --Mountain woods; distrib. 7 Lycoctonum L. 80.

— Ls palmatipartite ; divisions multifid with linear lobes.

Casque about as high as broad. — Jura (Dole and Mont
d’Or). 8 . Anthora L. 81.

19. Actaea. Baneberry. Herb Christopher. XIII, 8.

1. Ls 2 — 3-ternatisect. FIs in short racemes, white. Berries
black. — Woods; distrib. 5 spicata L. 82.

20. Paeonia. Paeony. XIII, 26.

1. Ls 2-ternatisect. Underside of leaflets whitish-glaucous.
FIs large, red. ( P . officinalis of gardens has the underside
of the leaflets paler green and rather shining).-*- M.
Generoso in Tess. 6 peregrina Mill. 83.

60

Berberideae. Nymphaeacese. Papaveraceae.

2. Berberideae.

21. Berberis. Barberry. YI, 3.

1. Ls oblong-obovate, fringed with prickles at the margins.
Stas approaching the pistil when touched. — Hedges,
thickets; distrib. 5 .... vulgaris L. 84.

22. Epimedium. Epimedium. IY, 14.

1. Ls 2-ternate; leaflets petioluled, cordate-oval, dentate-
spiny. Pets brown-red, paracorolla yellow. — Southern
Tyrol, naturalised near Bevieux and Bale for some time. 4

f alpinum L. 85.

3. Nymphaeaceae.

23. Nymphaea. White water Lily. XIII, 4.

1. Filaments of the inner stas narrower than or rarely
as broad as the anthers. Rays of the stig. gen. yellow.
Ovary more or less globular, covered almost up to the
top with stas. — Standing water; distrib. 6 alba L. 86.

— Filaments of the inner stas broader than the anthers.
Rays of the stig. red. Ovary ovoid, thinner below the
stig. and without stas in that part. (See N. Beitr. II, 2).
— As the last; reported from Cantons St. Grail and Zurich. 6

* Candida Pres!. 87.

24. Nuphar. Yellow water Lily. XIII, 4.

1. Stig. with an entire, or slightly sinuate edge; the rays
vanishing before reaching the margin. — Standing water,
distrib. (wanting in GK) 6 luteum Sm. 88.

— Stig. toothed or stellate, the rays almost reaching the

margin. Smaller pis in every way. FIs about as large
as in Caltha. N. intermedium Rehstein. not Led. (See
N. Beitr. I, 2.) — As the last; J. B. Z. A. (Huttensee;
Grappelerbergsee). 6 pumilum Sm. 89.

OBS. N. intermedium Led. (Spennerianura Gaud.) is, according to Caspary

a hybrid between the two last.

4. Papaveraceae.

25. Papaver. Poppy. XIII, 6.

1. Stem leafless, 1-fld, 5 — 15 cm. Perenn. pis . . 2

— Stem leafy, gen. many-fld, 30 — 100 cm. Ann. pis S

2. Pets white, with a yellow base. Ls glabr., rarely hairy

(Pilatus!), almost 2-pinnatipartite, with linear divisions.
— Detritus in the High Alp., calc.; almost the whole
northern chain. 7 . alpinum L. 90.

Papaveracese.

61

— Pets yellow, orange-yellow when dried. Ls hairy, simply

pinnatipartite, with broad-lanceolate divisions. P. pyre-
naicum auct. not Willd.*) — As the last, but only in the
Engadine. 1 ... . rhaeticum Leresche. 91.

3. Caul, ls clasping, glabr., undiv., sometimes slightly in¬
cised. Pets white, violet or red. Type of P. somniferum 4

— Caul, ls not clasping, hairy, 1- or 2-pinnati partite. Pets

red, often with a black spot near the claw . 5

4. Caps, relatively small, opening by pores. Seed blackish blue.
Ornamental pis (the typical form P. silvestre Dalech., is
spontaneous in northern Italy). 6 . f hortense Huss. 92.

— Caps, larger, ovoid, without pores. Seed maturing without
becoming darker. P. officinale Gmel.— Asia; cultivated
for the oil obtained from its seeds. 6 f somniferum L. 93.

5. Stas dilated towards the top but contracted again below
the anthers. Caps, rough with stiff bristles, near the top
at any rate ........ G

— Stas not varying in thickness, filiform. Caps, glabrous 7

6. Caps, long, clavate, rough with erect-spreading hairs.

— Fields and uncultivated places ; not everywhere (wanting
in U. A.). 5 . Argemone L. 94.

— Caps, short, ovoid, with stiff and very spreading hairs.
— Wall. (Sion, Sierre, Brigue, &c.). 5 hybridum L. 95.

7. Caps, short, obovoid, rounded at the base. Stig. 8 — 12-

rayed. Peduncle-hairs gen. horizontal. — Fields and un¬
cultivated places; distrib. 6 . . . Rhoeas L. 96.

— Caps, long, clavate, more or less narrowed towards the

base. Stig. 5 — 9-rayed. Peduncle-hairs gen. applied. Type
of P. dubium L. ...... 8

8. Stigmatic rays reaching to the edge of the caps Juice
of the pi. white, soon turning yellow.— As the last;
W. V. S Biel, Bale, Schaffh. 6 Lecoquii Lamot. 97.

— Stig. rays not reaching the edge of the caps. Juice colour¬
less or greenish, turning white. Ls more div. than in
the last. — b. Lamottei Bor. L -lobes more distant from
one another. Caps, slenderer. — As the last; localities
still to be verified; G. W. Bale, Schaffh. 6

collinum Bogenh. 98.

26. Glaucium. Glaucium. XIII, 7.

1. Caul, ls clasping, the base deeply cordate. Cor. large,
yellow. Fr. covered with tubercles (18—30 cm long).
G. luteum Scop. — Gravel; shores of the lake of Neu-
chatel. 6 ..... flavum Crantz. 99.

*) The P. suaveolens Lap, of the Pyrenees has smaller, narrower pets
and shorter stag.— F. Burseri Rchb. appears to be a P. rhseticum with white
flowers ?

62

Papaveracere. Fumariacese.

— Caul. Is with truncate or slightly cordate base. Pets

smaller, scarlet, with a black spot at the base, and a
white border in front. Fr. scabrous-hispid.— Fields ;
central Wall. 6 corniculatum Curt. 100.

27. Cheledomum. Celandine. XIII, 7.

1. Ls pinnatisect; segments unequally lobed-crenate, more
rarely (v. laciniatum Mill.) irreg. pinnatifid. Pis with
orange coloured, milky juice.— Rubbish heaps; walls;
everywhere. 5 . rnajus L. 101.

5. Fumariacese.

28. Corydalis. Corydal. XVII, 2.

1. Stem gen. simple with a tuberous rt. FIs red, lilac or
whitish ......... 2

— Stem branched ; rt. not tuberous FIs yellow . 4

2- Tuber soon becoming hollow. Stem with no scales

at the base. Bracts undiv. — Orchards, hedges; almost
everywhere. 4 .... cava Schw. Krt. 102.

— Tuber solid. Stem with a spur-like scale near the

base ......... 3

3. Raceme many-fld, erect at maturity. Bracts gen. inciso-
digitate. — b. australis Hausm. FIs white, streaked with
rose; seeds 1-seriate. — As the last; western part of
Switz. as far as Aargau. b. Wall. 4 solida Sw. 103.—

- Raceme few-fld, drooping at maturity. Bracts entire;
rarely one or other incised in front. F. intermedia Mer.
—Alp. and subalp. 5, 6 . . fabacea Pers. 104.

4(1). Cor. yellow, orange at the tips. Seeds glittering,
with spreading, toothed appendages. — Old walls, rocks;
Tess., and naturalised here and there. 6 lutea Dec. 105.

— Cor. yellowish white, darker at the tips. Seeds almost

dull, with applied, almost entire, appendages. — As the last;
reported from M. Generoso. 6 . ochroleuca Koch. 106.

29. Fumaria. Fumitory. XVII, 2.

1. Fr. smooth at maturity. Peduncles reflexed! FI. 10 — 12

mm. Seps about V2 as long as the cor. F. pallidiflora
Jord.; v. speciosa Jord. (with dark red fls), Geneva. —
Uncultivated places; rubbish heaps; Tess. Lausanne,
Geneva, Altorf. 6 . capreolata L. 107.

— Fr. at maturity (especially when dried) wrinkled. Ped¬
uncles erect-spreading. Fls smaller ... 2

2. Seps from 1U to almost V2 the length of the cor. (without

counting the spur) ...... 3

— Seps only Vs — Vs the length of the cor. (Fls 5 — 6 mm
long, smaller than in F. officinalis. Fr. globular.) 4

Fumariacere. Crucifers}.

63

3. Fr. broader than long, distinctly depressed at the top!
FIs 7 — 8 mm long, purplish. — As the last, everywhere. 4, 5

officinalis L. 108.

— Fr. globular, when young shortly apiculate, when mature
flattened-obtuse at the top. FIs 5 — 6 mm, paler than in
the last. Seps smaller. PI. with spreading, often climb¬
ing branches. — As the last; Bale. 5 Wirtgeni Koch. 109.

4. Bracts */ 2 — 3/4 the length of the peduncle of the young
fr. FIs pale rose-coloured. Glaucous pis. Racemes few-
fld. Seps extremely small. — b. Laggeri Jord. (Chavini
Reut.) Racemes bearing more fls; peduncles slighter. —
As the last, especially on calc, (wanting in T. U)
b. Engadine, Visperthal, Saleve. 5 Vaillantii Lois. 110.

— Bracts only about 1 /3 as long as the slender peduncle.
Fls bright rose-coloured. Fr. with a persistent point.
Pis of a lighter green than the last; branches more
spreading; racemes longer and with more fls; seps
rather larger. — As the last; G. W. J. (Miinsterthal,
Engadine, Nicolaithal, Porrentruy, Saas). 5

Schleicheri Soy. -Will. 111.

6. Cruciferse.

30. Matthiola. Stock. XV, 47.

1. Fl. of a dirty violet colour. M. varia auct. not Dec.--
AY. (Binnthal, Simplon, Nicolaithal; the pi. of Piemont
v. pedemontana has brownish fls). 6 valesiaca Boiss. 112.

31. Cheiranthus. Wallflower. XV, 36.

1. Fls uniformly yellow or (b. hortensis ) more or less
variegated with red-brown. — Walls and rocks; western
Switz. ; Wall.; ornamental pis. 5 . . Cheiri L. 113.

32. Nasturtium. Watercress. XV, 10, 44, 56.

1. Fls white. Ls. pinnatisect, with 2 — 3 pairs of segments
the terminal segment oval-cordate or (b. siifolium Rchb.)
with 4—6 pairs of almost equal, oblong-lanceolate seg¬
ments. — Easily distinguished from Cardamine amara by
its much smaller fls and yollow anthers. — Ditches
and brooks with pure water; distrib. 6

officinale R. Br. 114

— Fls yellow. Roripa ....... 2

2. Pets only as long as the seps. Siliquas inflated, embossed,

about as long as the peduncles. — Damp places, rubbish
heaps; distrib. 6 palustre Dec. 115.

— Pets almost twice as long as seps 3

64

Cruciferse.

3. Siliquas linear or linear-oblong, as long or rather longer

than the peduncles, or at least a good half the length
of the peduncles. Type of Ar. sylvestre . . */•

— Siliquas (or silicules!) oval or oblong, only 1/s or J/4

the length of their peduncles .... 5

4. Peduncles of the fr. standing almost horizontal or slightly
bent downwards. Siliquas shorter than their peduncles.
Ls lyrate-pinnatifid (terminal segment large). N. anceps
auct. p. — Damp places, water side, e. g. shores of Lake
Constance and the Rhine; hitherto confused with the
following. Lucerne (Langnau). 6 . riparium Gremli. 116.

— Peduncles of the fr. simply spreading, forming a sharp

angle with the axis. Siliquas gen. as long or longer than their
peduncles. Ls deeply pinnatifid.— As the last; localities
still to be verified. 6 sylvestre. R. Br. 117.

5. Cauline ls pinnatifid, with linear, gen. entire, divisions.
Stem 1 — 3 dm. — Gravel, pasturages ; Italian Switz., Wallis,
Monthey (lower Rhone valley), Realp. 6

pyrenai'cum R. Br. 118.

— Ls all undiv. ; or (in the aquatic form) the lower ls
pectinate- or lyrate-pinnatifid. Stem 4 — 8 dm. — By and
in the water; here and there (wanting in G. U. L.). 6

amphibium R. Br. 119.

OBS. To be further investigated : N. amphibium-palustre (anceps Wahlb.),

amphib.-sylvestre (barbarseoides Tausch), and palustre-sylvestre (brachystylum

Wall.r).*

33. Barbarea. Wintercress. XV; 41.

1. Fructiferous peduncles thinner than the ripe siliquas.

Upper Is angularly toothed or almost pinnatifid, the lower
with 2 — 4 pairs of segments ..... 2

— Fr. peduncles almost as thick as the ripe siliquas. Upper
ls pinnatipartite, the lower with 4 — 8 pairs of lobes 4

2. Pets light yellow only 1/s longer than the seps (5 — 6 mm).
Lateral lobes of lower ls very small, the last pair shorter
than the terminal lobe. Siliquas erect. Hoods of seps
bearing a tuft of hairs. — Damp places, ditches, road-sides;
reported from near Aarau, Baar, Chur. 5

* stricta Andrz. 120.

— Pets golden yellow, twice as long as the seps (7 — 9 mm).

Lateral lobes of the lower ls larger, the last pair as
large as the terminal lobe ..... 3

3. Raceme dense at the commencement of flowering. Sili¬

quas erect-spreading, straight. Terminal lobe of the
lower ls round-oval, often cordate at the base. As the
last; everywhere. 5 vulgaris R. Sr. 121.

— Raceme looser at the commencement of flowering. Sili¬
quas spreading, arched-ascending, longer than in the last
(30 mm). Terminal lobe of the lower ls oval-rhomboidal.

Crucifer®.

65

— As the last ; reported from near Bremgarten (Aargau),
Vevey, neighbourhood of Geneva, and near Radolfingen,
Canton Bern. 5 arcuata Rchb. 122.

4(1). Siliquas numerous, crowded, fairly erect (25 — 30 mm).
Lower Is with 4 — 5 pairs of segments. B. augustana
Boiss., sicula G. G. — Great St. Bernard. J. 5

intermedia Bor. 123.

— Siliquas less numerous, less crowded, longer (40—70 mm).
Lower Is with 4 — 8 pairs of segments. — Rubbish heaps, ad¬
ventitious ; near Vevey, Geneva, Bale. 5 * prsecox R. Br. 124*

34. Turritis. Turritis. XV, 56.

1. Rad. Is gen. runcinate, covered with stellate hairs;
caul. Is entire, sagittate, glabr., glaucous. Siliquas erect,
60—90 mm long. — Stony places, thickets; distri b. 6

glabra L. 125.

35. Arabis. Rock-cress. XV, 51, 53.

1. Caul. Is with cordate or cordate-sagittate base, auricled-

clasping ......... ,2

— Caul. Is narrowed-cuneiform at the base, or rounded,

without auricles ....... S

2. Stem and Is glabrous; Is entire, the lower ones narrowed
to a fairly long petiole. Habits of Turritis. — Stony, moun¬
tainous places, rare; G. W. V. B. O. S. (?). 5

brassicaeforniis Wallr. 126.

— Stem and Is more or less hairy .... 3

3. Siliquas arched and turned down on one side (100 to

150 mm). — Stony places, thickets; on calc., especially
in the Jura (wanting in S.). 5 . . Turrita L. 127.

— Siliquas erect or spreading ..... 4

4. FIs 8—10 mm long. Perenn. pis, flourishing on sterile
places. Cal. distinctly saccate at the base. — Rocky places
in the Alp., subalp. and Jura, descending to the plains.
4 — 6. A albicla Stev. which resembles it (differing in the Is
which are tomentose and have only 2 — 3 teeth on each
side, and in the almost wingless seeds). Ornamental
asiatic pis, sometimes subspontaneous alpina L. 128.

— FIs 4—6 mm long. Ann. or bienn. pis, rarely perenn.,

without barren shoots ...... 3

5. Siliquas spreading, rather distant from one another.
Ann pis, the rad. Is often withered at the flowering period 6*

— Siliquas erect, in dense racemes Pis at least bienn.;

rad. Is in dense rosettes. Type of A. hirsuta . 7

6. Fr.-peduncles 3 — 5 mm long, almost as broad as the
siliquas. Stem slender, 10 — 30 cm. Axis of the fr. -raceme
bent in zigzag. — Stony places; rare; G. W. J. A. 4

auriculata Lam. 129.

66

Crucifer*.

— Fr.-peduncles 8 — 12 mm , distinctly narrower than the
siliquas. Stem 20—50 cm. Axis of the fr. -raceme fairly
straight — Alp. and subalp.; G. W. Y. B. 0. J. (Soloth.). 5

saxatilis All. 130.

7. Caul Is truncate-auricled at the base or slightly cordate.
Siliquas 30 — 50 mm ; stem 30- 60 cm. — b. incana Roth.
A more stunted mountain form; see N. Beitr. I. 3 —
Grassy slopes, road-sides; distrib. 5 hirsuta Scop. 131.

— Cauline Is cordate-sagittate at the base, with pointed

auricles. Siliquas 60 — 80 mm. Stem 60 — 80 cm. — As the
last; rarer; W. Y. A. 5 . . . sagittata Dec. 132.

8 (1). Bad. Is lyrate-runcinate, or undiv., but then distinctly
petioled. FIs rose-coloured, rarely white . . O

— Ls entire, toothed or sinuate-dentate FIs white, rarely

streaked with rose, or yellowish white . . 10

0. Rad. ls oblong-obovate in contour, lyrate-pinnatifid, with
3 — 9 lobes on each side. FIs fairly large, gen. rose-coloured.
Rocky, sandy places, rare ; near Aarau, Aarbourg, Burg-
dorf, by the Emme, Birs, at Doubs. 3 arenosa Scop. 133.

— Rad. ls or their terminal lobe roundish or oval, the

racliis bearing 1 — 3 lateral lobes on each side, and then
the ls lyrate. FIs smaller, white. — Upper Engadinc, southern
side of the Simplon. 6 . . . . Halleri L. 134.

10. Seed surrounded by a broad membranous wing. (Alpine

pis) .......... 11

— Seed wingless or surrounded by a narrow wing, some¬
times rather broader at the top .... 13

11. FIs bluish, 4—5 mm long. Pets oblong-cuneiform. Rad.

ls with 3 teeth towards the top. Stem 3—10 cm. — High
Alp. 7 . coerulea Ail. 135.

— FIs white. Pets oblong-obovate. Rad. Is entire or slightly

toothed ......... 12

12. Ls more or less hairy; the cauline 2—3, not clasping.
FIs almost as large as in 128. Stem 5 — 10 cm.— Alp. 6

piimila Jacq. 136.

— Ls almost glabrous; the cauline 8—12, half-clasping.
FIs smaller than in the last. Stem 15 — 25 cm.— Alp. 7

bellidifolia Jacq. 137.

13 (10). Peduncles 2—3 times as long as the calyx. Comp,
genus Stenophragma.

— Peduncles about as long as the calyx . .

14. Siliquas erect-applied, parallel to the axis . 13

— Siliquas spreading or erect-spreading, standing

away from the axis .... . 10

15. Ls toothed, the caul, truncate at the base. FIs small.
Comp. A. hirsuta. 7.

— Ls more deeply toothed, the caul, rounded at the base.

Cruciferoe.

67

FIs distinctly larger than in N° 131. — AYalls, rocks;
W. Y. 5 . muralis Bert. 138.

16 Seed narrowly winged towards the top. Ls shining,
covered with scattered hairs; the cauline only 1 — 3.
Racemes few-fld. — Saleve near Geneva. 5

* stricta Huds. 139.

— Seed entirely wingless, at most with a dark line round

the edge ......... 17

17. Stem slender, rather flexible. Fr. -peduncles spreading.
Resembling an A. alpina in miniature. — Alp. and subalp.
(W. Y. B. 0. U.) Dole, Saleve. 6 serpyllifolia Vill. 140.

— Stem firmer, almost straight. Fr. -peduncles erect, shorter
than in the last. A. arcuata Shuttlw., ciliata auct. not
R. Br. Resembling A. hirsuta but the caul, ls neither
truncate nor auricled at the base, siliquas shorter, in
a denser raceme, slightly spreading, the seed entirely
wingless. — Yar. : Stems and ls hairy (v. vestita); and
stem glabr., ls ciliate (v. glabrata); also b. cenisia Reut.
A dwarf pi., silicjues almost fascicled. — Alp., subalp
and Jura. b. Colombier, Upper Engadine. 6

alpestris Rchb. 141.

OBS. A. stri cta-mural is (hybrida Reut ).

36. Cardamine. Bitter-cress. XV, 49.

1. Ls all, or at any rate the earliest, undivided . 2

— Ls all pinnatisect ....... 4

— Rad. ls ternate, with roundish-rhomboidal leaflots. FIs
large. — Brenets, Jura of Neuchatel (Tripet)

trifolia L. 141 (2).

2. Stem 20 — 40 cm. FIs 8—10 mm long. Anthers violet. —

Presaccio in Poschiavo. 6 . . asarifotia L. 142.

— Stem 2 — 12 cm. FIs 4—5 mm long Anthers yellow 3

3. Ls all undiv., or the cauline indistinctly 3-lobed. Seed

wingless. — High Alp. 7 . . . alpina Willd. 143.

— Cauline ls pinnatisect, with 2 — 3 pairs. Seed narrowly

winged at the top. — Alp. 7 . . reseditolia L. 144.

4 (1). Pets narrow, small (3 — 5 mm) ....

— Pets broader, larger (9 — 17 mm) .... 7

5. Petioles sagitttate-auricled at the base. L. -seg¬

ments 11 — 19.— Shady places; edges of brooks; distrib.
but not common. 5 ... inipatiens L. 145.

— Petioles not auricled. L. -segments 5 — 11 . . 6*

6. Stem bearing 1 — 3 fls, gen. with numerous lateral as¬

cending stems, and numerous rad. ls. Stas gen. 4. Fr.-
peduncles erect — Fields, grassy places, vineyards, woods;
distrib. 4 ...... hirsuta L. 146.

68

Crucifer*.

— Stem gen. taller and more leafy than in the last, some¬

times branchy, the rad. Is less numerous, rather flexible.
Stas 6. — Fr. -peduncles spreading. — Woods; fairly dis-
trib. 5, 6 . sylvatica Link. 147.

7 (4). FIs lilac, more rarely white. Anthers yellow. Seg¬
ments of the cauline Is 9—25, gen. linear, entire. —
b. Matthioli Moretti. Segments of caul. Is narrower,
terminal lobe of rad. Is scarcely larger than the others ;
fls smaller, gen. white, more commonly red than lilac.
— c. fossicola God. See N. Beitr. Ill, 3. — Damp meadows;
everywhere; b. Tess., Wall., Yaud, Geneva. 4

pratensis L. 148.

— Fls white, rarely slightly rose-coloured. Anthers violet,

then blackish. Segments of the caul. Is 7—17, oblong
or oblong-oval, with angular teeth. — Springs and brooks;
distrib. 5, 6 . . . . . amara L. 149.

OBS. C. amara-hirsuta.

37. Dentaria. Tooth-wort. XY, 49.

1. Ls palmatisect. Fls lilac-rose. — Mountain woods; dis¬
trib. 4, 5 . digitata Lam. 150.

— Lower ls pinnatisect, upper undivided. Fls lilac or

whitish. Ls bearing a bulbil in their axils. — Mountain
forests; St. Gallen, Tess. 4 . . . bulbifera L. 151.

— Ls all pinnatisect ....... 2

2. Fls white or pale lilac. Leaf segments 5 — 7, short-

acuminate. — Mountain forests, gen. rarer than 150 (want¬
ing in 0. L. U. A.). 4, 5 . . pinnata Lam. 152.

— Fls yellowish white. Leaf segments 7 — 9, long-acuminate.
— Mountain forests, rare ; G. T. U. Z. A. 4

polyphylla W. K. 153.

OBS. Hybrid : D. digitata-pinnata (digenea Gremli, intermedia auct. not
Sond.) ; digitata-polyphylla (Killiasii Briigg.).

38. Hesperis. Hesperis. XY, 47.

1. Ls oval-lanceolate, acuminate, toothed. Fls large, white
or lilac-violet. — Water-side, way-sides; here and there,
probably naturalised. 5 . . . matronalis L. 154.

39. Sisymbrium. Sisymbrium. XY, 40a, 43, 53.

1. Fls white. Caul, ls pinnatipartite. Braya pinnatifida Koch.

— Alp.; W. Y. 7 . pinnatifidum Dec. 155.

— Fls yellowr or yellowish white . ... 2

2. Ls all undiv., oblong-lanceolate.— Road-sides, thickets;
G. S. (Engadine, Poschiavo; Schleitheim). 6

strictissimum L. 156.

Crucifers?.

69

— Ls 2 — 3-pinnatipartite, with linear segments. — Road¬

sides, rubbish heaps, not everywhere (wanting in U. L.
Z. S.). 5, 6 . . . Sophia L. 157.

— Ls runcinate-pinnatifid (in 159 the upper pinnatisect

with linear segments) ...... 3

3. Siliquas narrowed towards the top, conic-subulate. Ped¬

uncles short, not more than 3 mm. — Road-sides, rubbish
heaps; everywhere. 5, 6 . . officinale Scop. 158.

— Siliquas not varying in thickness, linear . . dt

4. Fr. -peduncles as thick as the siliquas. S. pannonicum

Jacq. — Road-sides, rubbish heaps; W. (Iserabloz, Stal-
den). 5 . Sinapistrum Crantz. 159.

— Fr.-peduncles distinctly thinner than the siliquas &

5. Young siliquas exceeding the open fls. — As the last;

W. (Viege). 5, 6 . Iris L. 160.

— Young siliques not exceeding the open fls. S. acut-
angulum Gaud. — Stony, mountainous places; Wall., Sa-
leve, sometimes adventitious as also the two last. 6

austriacum Jacq. 161.

40. Alliaria. Alliaria. XV, 52.

1. Ls smelling of garlic wiien rubbed, the lower reniform,
the upper cordate-oval. Fr.-peduncles short, thick. Si¬
symbrium Alliaria Scop. — Road-sides, hedges; every¬
where. 4, 5 . . . officinalis Andrz. 162.

41. Hugueninia. Hugueninia. XV, 41.

1. Ls pinnatisect, with numerous lanceolate, inciso-dentate
segments. Siliquas short, 7 — 8 mm. — Alp.; W. (St. Ber¬
nard, Bagnethal und Arollathal). 7 tanacetifolia Rchb. 163.

42. Braya. Braya. XV, 54.

1. Ls pinnatisect. Fls in the leaf-axils! Sisymbrium supi-
num L. — Gravel beds by the lake of Joux. 6, 7

supina Koch. 164.

43. Stenophragma. Stenophragma. XV, 53.

1. Ls oblong-lanceolate, denticulate. Peduncles thin. Sisym¬
brium Thalianum Gay. — Fields; distrib. 4, 5

Thalianum Celak. 165.

44. Conringia. Conringia. XV, 51.

1. Caul, ls cordate, deeply clasping. PI. glaucous, entirely
glabr. Erysimum orientale R. Br. — Fields; rare and gen.
variable; near Geneva, Bern, Bale, Schaffh., Constance,
Zofingen. 6 . orientalis Rchb. 166.

70

Crucifer*.

45. Erysimum. Erysimum. XV, 39.

1. Peduncles 2 — 3 times as long as the cal. FIs small. —

Fields on the Swiss plateau, here and there; T. V. B.
J. Z. S . cheiranthoides L. 167.

— Peduncles at most as long as the cal. FIs of moderate

size, or large ........ 2

2. Peduncles as long as the cal. Hairs on the Is all of the

same form, 3-fid. Type of E. hieraci folium L. , 3

— Peduncles V2 — V3 the length of the cal. Hairs on the

Is almost all simple (or attached by the centre, the
two ends spreading along the surface). Type of E. Cheir-
anthus ......... 4

3. Ls almost entire. E. longisiliquosum Schleide. Siliquas

6—8 cm long). — Stony places, road sides; lower Enga-
dine, Wall. 6 . virgatum Roth. 168.

— Ls sinuate-dentate. FIs rather darker and smaller. —
— Stony places; formerly at the base of the vertical
rocks of the Creux du Yan. 6 strictum FI. Wett. 169.

4. Branches of the rt-stock elongated, creeping. Siliquas

compressed 4-cornered. Ls green , linear-lanceolate,
slightly toothed. — Rubbish-slips in the Jura (Dole, Chasse-
ral, Creux du Yan). 6 . . ochroleucum Dec. 170.

— Branches of the rt-stock short, crowded. Siliquas almost

reg. 4-cornered ....... 5

5. L. -axils with small barren branches, covered with small

ls. — Waste ground; G. T. 6 . . rhaeticum Dec. 171.

— L. -axils without barren branches. — b. pumilum Gaud.

(Cheiranthus Koch). Stem only 5 — 10 cm; fr. -raceme short.
Styles shorter. — As the last; Gr. T. W. b High Alp.
(Engadine, Zermatt). 6 . . . helveticum Dec. 172.

46. Brassica. Brassica. XV, 39, 40.

1. Ls all petioled. Fr. -peduncles (and siliquas) erect. Sili¬
quas 15—25 mm long. Seed blackish. Sinapis nigra L.
Black mustard. — Rubbish heaps, road sides; rare (natura¬
lised). 6. — Erucastrum incanum has a thickened ped¬
uncle, and a beak with 1 — 2 seeds at the base

nigra Koch. 173.

— Upper ls. sessile. Fr. -peduncles spreading. Siliquas 60

to 100 mm long. Seeds brown .... 2

2. Upper ls narrowed or rounded at the base. Seps erect
applied-closed. Racemes already elongated at the com¬
mencement of flowering. — Cultivated in many varieties ;
Cabbage, Kohl-rabi, Cauliflower. 4, 5 t oleracea L. 174.

— Upper ls clasping, the base deeply cordate. Seps spread¬
ing, half open or at last horizontal. Type of B. campestris

3

Crucifera?.

71

3. FI. -raceme at first flat, the open fls slightly exceeding
those not yet open. Ls of the first year grass-green,
rough. Cultivated in several varieties. Rape. 4, 5

t Rapa L. 175.

— Fl.-raceme elongated from the first, the open fls stand¬
ing lower than the buds. Ls all glaucous . . 4

4. Siliquas ascending; the beak about half as long as the

siliqua. Lower ls with scattered hairs — Fields of Alpine
valleys, especially in G. and W., sometimes very plenti¬
ful. 7 . campestris Dec. 170.

— Siliquas spreading; beak about *6 the length of the

siliqua. Ls all glabr. - Cultivated in several varieties.
Turnip. 7 .... t Napus L. 177.

47. Sinapis. Mustard. XY, 43.

1. Ls irreg. sinuate-dentate, the lower ones auricled or
almost lyrate, the upper sessile. Siliquas with a conical,
slightly compressed beak, shorter than the valves. Seed
blackish brown. Field mustard. — Fields, often very
plentiful. 5 . arvensis L. 178.

— Ls pinnatifid, all petioled; segments 5 — 9, the upper
ones confluent. Beak broad, sword-shaped, with two
edges, as long as or longer than the valves. Seeds
yellowish. White mustard. — Fields, here and there, pro¬
bably, for the most part, an escape from cultivation. f>

alba L. 179.

48. Erucastrum. Erucastrum. XY, 42.

1. Siliquas applied. Ls lyrate, gray-pubescent, the upper

linear-lanceolate. Sinapis incana L. Hirschfeldia adpressa
Monch. — Fields, especially among young lucern, rare
(adventitious). 6 incanum Koch. 180.

— Siliquas spreading. Ls all sinuate-pinnatifid, or pinnati-

partite, with oblong, obtuse, unequally angular dentate
segments ......... 2

2. Fls lemon-yellow, without bracts. Seps spreading horizon¬
tally. — Road-sides, rubbish heaps, water side; distrib. 5, 0

obtusangulum Rchb. 181.

— Fls yellowish white, the lower ones with bracts, smaller

than in the last. Seps almost erect. — As the last (want¬
ing in T. W.). 5, 6 . . Pollichii Sch. and Sp. 182.

49. Diplotaxis. Rocket. XY, 44.

1. Peduncles about 2 or 3 times as long as the fls. Sili¬
quas distinctly stipitate (3 mm) on the cal. — Road sides,
rubbish heaps, walls; not everywhere, sometimes also
adventitious. 5, 6 . . . . tenuifolia Dec. 183.

72

Crucifer®.

— Peduncles as long or slightly longer than the newly
opened fl. Siliquas not stipitate on the cal. Stem gen.
only leafy at the base, more rarely (in the hibernating
pis) up to V2 or 2/3. Ls less glaucous and gen. not so
much div. as in the last. — As the last. 6

muralis Dec. 184.

50. Eruca. Eruca. XY, 55.

1. Ls lyrate-pinnatifid. FIs dirty white, veined with violet!
— Slopes, road sides, the lower Rhone valley. 5

saliva Lam. 185.

51. Versicaria. Versicaria. XY, 8.

1. Ls entire, the upper ones entirely glabr. FIs large.
Silicules 8 — 12 mm long.-- Rocky places; lower Rhone
valley (Trientthal, Bad Lavey, Sembrancher). 4

utriculata Lam. 186.

52. Alyssum. Alyssum. XY, 30.

1. Cal. remaining till maturity. Stas all without wings or

teeth; the 2 shorter stas with a subulate tooth on each
side. FIs small; pets pale yellow, turning whiter. —
Sunny places, distrib. 4, 5 . calycinum L. 187.

— Cal. decid. Stas with long wings, the shorter ones with

a wing-like appendage at their base ... 2

2. FIs small. Pets pale yellow. Silicules elliptic. — Alp.;

Gelbe Wande near Zermatt. 7 . . alpestre L. 188.

— FIs fairly large; pets of a fine yellow. Silicules orbi¬
cular ......... S

3. Caul, ls gray with stellate hairs. Silicules thickly covered
with stellate hairs. — Rocky places; Hohentwiel, Lagern,
Istein, Arlesheim, Burgdorf, Simplon. 5 montanum L. 189

— Caul, ls green, with scattered stellate hairs. Silicules

with scattered stellate hairs, becoming glabr. — Alp.;
Gemmi: Bernoulli. 7 . . * Wulfenianum Bernh. 190.

53. Berteroa. Berteroa. XY, 20.

1. PI. gray with stellate hairs. — Road sides, rare and
variable ; near Martigny, Geneva, Morges, Solothurn,
Zofingen. 6 . incana Dec. 191.

54. Clypeola. Clypeola. XY, 30.

1. FIs yellow, turning whiter. Silicules orbicular, suspended
on arched peduncles. C. Jonthalaspi auct. not L. — Slopes;
AY. (Tourbillon, Gorges deLeytron, Montorge, St. Leonard,
Sierre, Longeborgne, Saillon). 3, 4 Gaudini Trachsel. 192.

Crucifene

73

55. Lunaria. Moon-wort. XV, 19.

1. Silicules oblong-lanceolate, acute at both ends (50—60 mm
long). Ls all petioled. — Mountain forests, not common
(wanting in Z.). 5, 6 . . rediviva L. 193.

— Silicules broad-elliptic, obtuse at both ends. Upper Is
sessile.— Rocky, wooded slopes; recently found again in
Wall, near Orsieres; Lugano: Mari. 4, 5

* biennis Monch. 194.

56. Petrocallis. Petrocallis. XV, 27.

1. Ls cuneiform, 3-fid. — Limestone detritus in the High *
Alp.; not everywhere. 6 . . pyrenaica R. Br. 195.

57. Draba. Whitlow-grass. XV, 27, 28.

1. FIs yellow. Ls stiff, ciliate-pectinate with stiff hairs.

Type of Drain aizoides ...... 2

— FIs white, or turning rather greenish yellow when dried.

Ls soft ...... ... .- i

2. Style at least V 2 as long as the breadth of the silicule.

— b. afjinis Host, (montana Koch). FIs larger. Fr. -raceme
rather longer. — Calc, rocks of the Alp., subalp. and
Jura, also descending lower; b. in the Jura. 3 — 7

aizoides L. 196.

— Style not V2 as long as the breadth of the silicule,
thicker than in the last. — W. G. 7, 8

Zahlbruckneri Host. 197.

3. Perenn. pis, with more or less numerous barren rosettes.

Stem leafless or with few (1— 2) ls. Alpine pis . 4

— Ann. pis, or at all events not long-lived. Barren rosettes

0 or few. Stem leafy ...... 8

4. Peduncles (and stem) hairy. (Style very short or almost 0).

Type of D. tomentosa. ...... 5

— Peduncles (and stem) glabrous . ... (i

5. Silicules oval, ciliate with simple hairs. Stem covered
thickly with stellate hairs. Ls tomentose with stellate hairs.
FIs fairly large. — b. nivea Sant. Cal. dark green. FIs larger,
yellowish white when dried. Ls less tomentose; peduncles
often glabr. (Graub.)— Calc. Alp. 7 tomentosa Wahl. 198.

— Silicules oblong, glabr. Stem sparsely sprinkled with

branched hairs. FIs rather smaller than in the last. —
Alp. 7 . frigida Saut. 199.

6. Style distinct, about twice as long as broad. FIs 3V2 — 4 nun
long. D. frigida (or tomentosa?). — Johannis? — Alp.; Avers,
Bernardin, Suleck, Rawyl and the valley of Saas. 7

Traunsteineri Hopp. 200.

— Style very short or almost 0. FIs 2 mm long . 7

7

74

Crucifers.

7. Fr. -raceme very short, almost umbelled. Silicules oblong-
oval. Ls glabr., only almost pectinate-ciliate with simple
hairs (a. homotricha Liribl. = D. helvetica Sclil.), or
ciliate with simple and branched hairs, the inner ones
of the rosette covered with a short, stellate pubescence
(b. heterotricha Lindb. = D. lapponica Willd.).— High
Alp. 7 . Wahlenbergii Hartm. 201.

— Fr.-raceme oval or elongated. Silicules oblong-lanceo¬
late. Ls with scattered stellate hairs, or (b. glabrata
Koch ) glabr. and only ciliate at the base with simple
hairs. D. carintliiaca Hoppe. — High Alp. 7.

Johannis Host. 202.

8 (3). Fr.-peduncles horizontal, twice as long as the sili-
cule. Caul, ls auricled, half-clasping. — Stony places,
walls; near Bale, Charat (Wall.), also sometimes isolated
and adventitious. 5 .... niuralis L. 203.

— Fr.-peduncles erect-spreading, shorter than the silicule.
Caul, ls not auricled ...... f)

9. Barren rosettes present. Silicules twisted, glabr. or
pubescent. — Rocky mountain and alpine places; Chateau
d’Oex, Korblifluh, Ganterisch, AVasserberg, Axenfluh,
Pilatus, Sentis lake. 6 incana L. 204.

— Barren rosettes 0. Silicules flat, pubescent. — As the
last; Col Joata, Sampuoir, Zermatt, Saas? Gemmi? 6

Thomasii Koch. 205.

OBS. Hybrid : D. aizoides-tomentosa (setulosa Leresche) ; D. aizoides-

Johannis (Graub.).

58. Erophila. Erophila. XV, 20.

1. Ls in a radical rosette. Stem 2 — 15 cm. Draba verna L.
— a. majuscula Jord. Pets 3 mm long. Ls obovate-spathu-
late, toothed, with abundant, partly 3-fid, hairs, b. steno-
carpa Jord . Pets 2 trim long. Ls oblong-lanceolate, al¬
most entire, with abundant 3-fid hairs. Silicules oblong-
linear. — c. glabrescens Jord. Same characters, but Is
glabr. or with some simple or 2-fid hairs; silicules elliptic-
oval. — d. prcecox Stev. (brachycarpa Jord.) Silicules
oval or orbicular. Pis smaller, earlier. — Fields, grassy
places, vineyards, walls; everywhere. 3 verna E. Mey. 206.

59. Cochlearia. Scurvy-grass. XV, 14.

1. Rad. ls orbicular, cordate at the base; caul, ls toothed,
cordate-clasping. — Springs and brooks in the subalp.;
O. (Eriz, Justisthal, Rosenlaui). 5 officinalis L. 207.

Crucifer®.

75

60. Kernera. Kernera. XV, 11.

1. Rad. Is narrowed at the base; caul, linear-oblong, some¬
times auricled at the base (v. auriculata). — Calcarious
rocks of the Alp., subalp. and Jura. 5, 6

saxatilis Rchb. 208.

61. Armoracia. Armoracia. XV, 14.

1. Rad. Is large, oval-oblong, cordate, crenate; lower caul,
pectinate-pinnatifid, upper linear-lanceolate, almost entire.
Cochlearia Armoracia L. — Road sides, water side, here
and there subspontaneous. 5 rusticana FI. Wett. 209.

62. Camelina. Camelina. XV, 10.

1. Caul. Is linear-oblong, narrowed towards the base, then
again enlarged, gen. sinuate-dentate or pinnatifid. Sili-
cules inflated, truncate at the top, with thin valves.
C. foetida Fr. — Fields, among flax, not common. 5, 6

dentata Pers. 210-

— Caul. Is oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, denticulate or

entire. Silicules rounded at the top ... 2

2. Pis almost glabr. Fr.-racemes several, slightly elongated.
Silicules obovate, with the valves much swollen. — Fields,
here and there, subspontaneous 5, 6 sativa Crantz. 211.

— Pis more hairy. Fr.-racemes isolated or few, gen. much
elongated. Silicules obovate-pyriform, valves less swollen
and harder than in the last. FIs of a paler yellow. C.
sylvestris Wallr. - Fields; G. W. Y. S. Z. 5

microcarpa Andrz. 212.

63. Thalaspi. Penny-cress. XV, 24, 25.

1. Silicules large (15 — 18 mm broad), broad-obcordate or

almost orbicular, flattened and bordered all round with
a broad wing. Seed covered with curved streaks! Stem
angular. — Fields; everywhere. 5 . . arvense L. 213.

— Silicules distinctly smaller, oblong-obcordate or obovate,

slightly swollen at any rate on one side, wingless, or with
a wing which disappears towards the base. Seed glabr.
or spotted. Stem cylindric ..... 2

2. FIs violet (very rarely white). Fr. -raceme dense, corymbi-
form. Silicules oblong-obovate, almost wingless, slightly
or not at all indented at the top, style long, prominent.
— b. corymbosum Gay (cepmfolium Moritzi). Divisions of
the rt-stock shorter, pi. denser, stem straighter, rad. Is
narrower. — Detritus in the Alp. and High Alp., especially
calc.; b. Alp. on granite, near Zermatt. 6

rotundifolium Gaud. 214.

— FIs white. Fr. -raceme more or less elongated .

76

Crucifer*.

3. Ann. pis, consequently without barren rosettes. Stem
branchy in healthy specimens. FIs very small (3 mm long)
Style 0. — Grassy places, road sides; everywhere. 4

perfoliatum L. 215.

— Bienn. or perenn. pis with barren rosettes (elongated
in 216 in the form of stolons). Stem almost always
simple. Stem more or less long, rarely short . 4r

4. Silicules orbicular-obovate, rounded at the base; cells

1 — 2-seeded. FIs fairly large. — Hills, rocky places, Jura
from Schaffh. to Creux du Van; rare in the Alp. (W?
Pilatus). 4 . montanum L. 216.

— Silicules oblong-obcordate, or obovate, narrowed towards
the base; cells 2 — 8-seeded ..... o

5- Fr. -raceme elongated. Silicules rather broadly winged
towards the top (wings about as broad as the cavity of
the cell), distinctly indented at the top; style shorter or
scarcely longer than the indentation. FIs smaller than in the
last. Anthers gen. turning violet. Th. Gaudinianum Jord.,
Lereschii Reut. — b. hr achy pet alum Jord. Pets scarcely
so long as the cal.; anthers remaining yellow (Wall,
flowering early). — c. Salisii Briigg. (rhseticum Jord.)
Stem stiff, slightly branched. Racemes much elongated,
fls dense and small; anthers remaining yellow; closely
allied to Th. perfoliatum (upper Engadine). — Alp. and
subalp., also lower (G. T. W. V. 0. B.), southern and central
Jura; wanting in the northern and N.E. Alp. 5, 6

alpestre L. 217.

— Fr. -raceme shorter, oblong. Silicules with narrow wings
towards the top, slightly or not at all indented; styles
prominent ........ G

6. Stas about as long as the, slightly cuneiform, pets ;
anthers turning violet. Th. virens Jord. ? — Alp., Hospen-
thal, also indicated in Wall. 6 . Mureti Greml. 218.

Stas distinctly shorter than the obovate pets ; anthers
always yellow. Th. sylvium Gaud. (High Alpine form?)
—Alp.; Zermatt. 6 . . . . alpinum Crantz. 219.

OBS. Th. alpinum-rotundifolium corymb. Zermatt !

64. Teesdalea. Teesdalea. XY, 18.

1. Ls in a rosette, gen. lyrate-pinnatifid. — Fields; grassy
places; Weil near Bale. 4, 5 . nudicaulis R. Br. 220.

65. Iberis. Candy-tuft. XY, 18.

1. Perenn. pis. Stems woody at the base. Ls entire, linear.
— Rocky places in the Jura; only Ravellenfluli, Canton
Soloth. 5 . saxatilis L. 221.

— Ann. or bienn. pis. Stems herbaceous. Ls toothed or

pinnatifid ........ 2

Crucifer®.

77

2. Fr.-raceme stunted, almost in a corymb. Caul. Is linear

with 2 — 3 linear lobes on each side. Lobules of the
silicule slightly diverging. — Fields, railway embank¬
ments; rare. W. Y. B. Z. 5 . . . pinnata L. 222.

— Fr.-raceme more or less .elongated . . . 3

3. Ls deeply toothed or almost pinnatifid, with 2 — 4 lobes

on each side. Fr.-raceme not much elongated. Lobules
of the silicule slightly diverging. About equally related
to 222 and 224. I. ceratophylla Reut., affinis Jord.? —
Cheserex, Canton Yaud. 6 . panduriformis Pour. 223.

— Ls crenate, with 2—3 notches on each side. Fr.-raceme
rather elongated. Lobules of the silicule directed for¬
wards, so that the indentation presents a sharper angle
than in the last. — Fields, here and there (wanting in G. T.
U. A., where it is only found occasionally). 5 amara L. 224.

66. Biscutella. Biscutella. XV, 31.

1. Rad. ls oblong-spathulate , entire or sinuate-dentate;
caul, ls linear. — b. lucida Dec. Ls almost glabr. — c. saoca-
tilisSchl. Silicules scabrous, covered witli small tubercles.
(Lower Wall.)— Rocky places of the Alp. and subalp.
5, 6 . laevigata L. 225.

67. Lepidium. Cress. XV, 23. II, 6.

1. Caul. Is clasping, with a sagittate base . . 2

— Caul. Is neither clasping nor sagittate . .

2. Silicules not wdnged, cordate-oval, rather pointed. Style

at least a/s the length of the silicule. — Road sides,
rubbish heaps; Sion, Bex, Yevey, Geneva, Yverdon,
Bienne, Aarburg, Liestal, Bale, Schleitheim, Zurich,
Wollerau, Glarus, Chur. 6 . . Draba L. 226.

— Silicules winged, oval, indented at the top. Style very
short. — Fields, road sides; distrib. 5

campestre R. Br. 227.

3. Silicules broadly winged at the top. Anthers turning

violet. — Cultivated. Cress. 6 . . f sativum L. 228.

— Silicules scarcely or not at all winged. Anthers yellow 4-

4. Lower ls pinnatipartite or 2-pinnatipartite. Pets gen. 0.
Stas gen. 2.— Roads, walls, rare; W. Y. Bienne, Bale. 5

ruderale L. 229.

— Ls undiv. or the lowTer ones pinnatifid at the base

5. Caul, ls oval or oval-oblong. Silicules rounded. — Rocks,

old castles, rare (naturalised) ; Freiburg, Burgdorf, Lenz-
burg, Laufen &c. 6 fatifcl ium L. 230.

— Caul, ls linear. Silicules rather acute. — Road sides, walls,

not common; T. W. Y. 6, 7 . . graminifolium L. 231.

78

Crucifer®.

68. Hutchinsia. Hutchinsia. XV, 26.

1. Stem branched, leafy, 5 — 12 cm. Pets scarcely longer
than the cal. — Stony or sandy places; W. Y. 4

petraea R. Br. 232.

— Stem simple, leafless. Pets twice as long as the cal. 2

2. Fr.-raceme elongated, lax. — Alp. and Jura (Reculet). 6

alpina R. Br. 233.

— Fr.-raceme short, corymb-shaped. H. affinis Jord. — High

Alp. ; G. W. 7 . . . brevicaulis Hoppe. 234.

69, Capsella. Shepherd’s purse. XV, 26.

1. Silicules triangular-obovate ..... 2

— Silicules oblong-oval or suborbicular ... 3

2. Pets twice as long as the seps. Lateral edges of the
silicule almost straight. — Var. with Is sinuate-dentate,
pinnatifid or runcinate-pinnatifid, more rarely almost
entire. Pets sometimes modified to extra stas. — Fields,
road sides ; everywhere. 4 — 10 Bursa-pastoris Monch. 235.

— Pets as long as, or hardly longer than, the seps ; seps gen.
reddish. Lateral edges of the silicule slightly curved
inwards. FI. -buds violet-brown, in 235 pale. — As the last.
Tess. Lower Wall., Yaud, Geneva, Bale, J. 4—6

rubella Reut. 236.

3. Raceme elongated, many-fld. Ls pinnatifid, rarely entire.
— Waste saline ground; Freiburg (aux Rhames). 4

procumbens Fr. 237.

— Raceme short, 3 — 5-fld. Ls undiv. or the lower some¬

times with 1 or 2 incisions. — Subalp.; G. (Tarasp, Fon¬
tana). 6 . pauciflora Koch. 238.

OBS. C. Bursa-pastoris — rubella (gracilis Gren.).

70. Aethionema. Aethionema. XV, 22.

1. Ls entire. PI. glabr., glaucous. — Stony places in the
mount, and subalp.; T. W. V. 0. (ValBlegno; Lugano;
• Binnthal; Ganter; Fort de l’Ecluse ; Kanderthal and
Simmenthalj. 5, 6 . . . . saxatile R. Br. 239.

71. Senebiera. Senebiera. XY, 16.

1. Silicules rounded above (reniform); style short. — Foot¬
paths, between the paving stones, not common; Y. J.

B. S. Z. T. 7 . Coronopus Poir. 240.

— Silicules indented above and below (didymous); style 0.

— As the last; but very rare and variable; Geneva,
Lausanne, Bern. 7 . . . . * d i d y m a Pers. 241.

Crucifer®.

79

72. Euclidium. Euclidium. XY, 13.

1. Ls oblong-lanceolate, entire. Silicules with short, thick
peduncles. — Rubbish heaps, adventitious; Wollerau, Can¬
ton Schwytz, Yevev, Geneva. 6 . syriacum R. Br. 242.

73. Isatis. Woad. XY, 31.

1. Caul, ls deeply sagittate. Stem branched above in a
corymb. I. Yillarsii Gaud, (forma autumnalis). — Waste
ground, road sides; Wall.; also here and there (especially
on railway embankments) adventitious. 4, 5

tinctoria L. 243.

74. Myagrum. Myagrum. XY, 7.

1. Ls glaucous, glabr., the upper sagittate. Fr.-peduncles
thick, almost club-shaped. — Fields; Delemont (probably
adventitious). 4 perfoliatum L. 244.

75. Neslea. Neslea. XY, 5.

1. Caul, ls sagittate. PI. covered with branched hairs. Yogelia
paniculata Horn. — Fields; fairly distrib. (wanting in
T. U. L.). 5, 6 . . . . paniculata Desv. 245.

76. Calepina. Calepina. XY, 12.

1. Rad. ls runcinate, the upper auricled-sagittate. PI. glabr.
FIs small. — Grassy places, railway embankments ; Branson,
Chamblande (Vaud), Leopoldshohe near Bale. 4, 5

Corvini Desv. 246.

77. Bunias. Bunias. XY, 6.

1. Rad. ls runcinate, the upper ones sessile. Erucago cam-
pestris Desv. — Fields; western and southern Switz. 6

Erucago L. 247.

78. Laelia. Laelia. XY, 9.

1. Rad. ls runcinate-pinnatifid. Stem 3 — 8 dm. Bunias orien¬
tals L. — Rarely cultivated and subspontaneous. 6

f orientalis Desv. 248.

79. Rapistrum. Rapistrum. XY, 2.

1. Lower ls lyrate. Stem with spreading branches. — Fields,
road sides; western Switz. W. Z. L., also sometimes
adventitious. 6 rugosum Bergt. 249.

— Ls pinnatifid, acute. Style conic, shorter than the upper
joint of the silicule. Silicule hairless. — Lausanne (Favrat);
Morges (Jaccard). 6 ... perenne All. 249a.

80

Cistacese.

80. Raphanistrum. Raphanistrum. XV, 83.

1. Ls lyrate. Pets white (rarely yellowish), veined with
violet, rarely (v. flavum Sch. M.) sulphur yellow with
darker veins. Raphanus Raphanistrum L. — Fields; every¬
where. 6 . Lampsana Gartn. 250.

81. Raphanus. Radish. XV, 33.

1. Ls lyrate. — Cultivated in several varieties (radish). 5, 6

t sativus L. 251.

7. Cistacese.

82. Cistus. Cistus. XIII, 10.

1. FIs large, 40 — 45 mm in diam., white, with a yellow
base. — Hills; T. (Locarno, Ascona). 5 salvifolius L. 252.

83. Helianthemum. Rock-rose. XIII, 10.

1. Ls altern., linear, almost acicular. FIs solitary. Fumana

procumbens Spach. — Sunny, rocky places; Chur, Tess.,
Rhone valley, from lake Leman to Neuveville, lake of
Thun, lake of Uri. 5, 6 . . Fumana Mill. 253.

— Ls opp., oval, oblong or linear-oblong. FIs in racemes

(sometimes few-fld) ...... 2

2. Stipules 0. Type of H. oelandicum ... 3

— Stipules present ....... 4

3. Ls gray-tomentose underneath with stellate hairs.—
Jura (Dole, Mont Tendre, Yaulion, Chasseron). 6

canum Dun. 254.

— Ls green underneath, with simple or fascicled hairs,

more rarely (b. glabratum ) glabr. or with hairs only at
the edge, on the middle nerve and petiole. H. alpestre
Rchb.— Alp and subalp. 6, 7 . oelandicum Wahl. 255.

4. Style almost straight, shorter than the ovary. Ann. pis.
Sunny places ; Branson in Wall. 4, 5 salicifolium Pers. 256.

— Style curved in the shape of an S, 2 — 3 times as long

as the ovary. Perenn. pis ..... 5

5. FI. light or dark yellow, very rarely white (v. albiflorum

Koch.). Stipules lanceolate. Ls oval or oblong, flat or
slightly rolled up, gen. green on both sides (a. obscurum
Pers.), more rarely white tomentose with stellate hairs
underneath (b. tomentosum) . — Dry, sunny places ; every¬
where up to the Alp. where the fls are larger (c. grandi-
florum Dec. if the ls are of an uniform colour d.; Scop-
olii Willk. if the Is are tomentose underneath), b. Gr.
W. V. 6 . vulgare Dec. 257.

Cistacese. Violacaa?.

81

— FIs white. Stipules subulate. Ls linear-oblong, more or
less rolled up, gray-tomentose underneath with stellate
hairs. — As the last; Tessin, Fort de l’Ecluse near Gen¬
eva. 5, G . polifolium Koch. 258.

o 8. Violaceae.

84. Viola. Pansy, Violet. Y, 12.

1. Only the 2 upper pets directed upwards, the 2 lateral

spreading horizontally or bent backwards. FIs gen. con-
coloured, blue or violet, sometimes white.) . ‘2

— The 2 lateral pets directed upwards towards the 2 upper

ones . . . . . . . . .21

2. Seps obtuse. Ls and peduncles radical. (Stemless pis) .2

— Seps acute. Ls and peduncles radical . . . 12

— Seps acute. FIs axillary on the stems; but the stems
sometimes very short ...... Hi

S. Ls digitate, multi-partite. — Alp.; G. W. 6 pinnata L. 259.

— Ls undiv., crenate ...... 4

4. Ls entirely glabr. Fr.-peduncles erect, with a 3-cornered.
drooping caps. — Marshy places, especially of the moun¬
tains and subalp. (wanting in S.). 5, 6 palustris L. 260.

— Ls more or less pubescent. Fr.-peduncles and caps.,
which is almost globular and gen. pubescent, depressed «5

5. Stolons 0 (rt-stock sometimes branched, with short or
rather long, thick, knotted branches). Type of L. hirta *) fi

— Pis with more or less elongated, thin, but sometimes

subterranean, stolons. (FIs more or less scented.) Type
of V. odorata ........ 9

6. Fr. (and ovary) glabr. Ls broad-oval, at last almost glabr.,
with a shallow, open incision at the base. FIs scented, with a
white throat. Y. pyrenaica Dec. — b. glabrescens Fock.
FIs small, entirely blue. Shady places of mount, and
subalp.; G. W. Y. 0. J. (?) U. 4, 5 sciaphila Koch. 261.

— Fr. (and ovary) pubescent ..... 7

7. Ls oval-oblong, slightly cordate at the base, the incision
open. Stipules narrower, more finely attenuated and
fringed with longer hairs than in V. hirta. FIs large,
reddish-violet, very fragrant. Y. ambigua Koch not
W. K.— Alp. and subalp.; G T. \Y. V. U. 5

Thomasiana Perr. Song. 262.

*) V. permixta Jord. (sepincola auct. helv. an Jord. ?) without, or with
short stolous, but with shorter hairs and broader Is than in the V. hirta, is a
hybrid with V. odorata.

82

Violace*.

— Ls oval, deeply cordate at the base, the incision more
or less narrow ....... S

8. Fringes of the stipules filiform, gen. ending in a gland,
not ciliate, the middle ones gen. shorter than the
width of the stipule. FIs scentless, light or dark violet,
rarely bluish or white. Stipules oval-lanceolate or lanceo¬
late. Y. consimilis Favrat exs. notJord. — Mount., grassy
places, thickets ; everywhere. 4 . . hirta L. 263.

— Fringes of the stipules larger than in the last, gen.

without glands, ciliate, the middle ones as long as
the width of the stipule. FIs with a faint scent, light
blue, rarely (Y. declivis Du Moul.) white. Stipules nar¬
rower and more finely attenuated than in the last;
summer ls gen. with a thicker pubescence. — As the last ;
G. \Y. Y. 0. U. Z. A. S. 4 . . collina Bess. ") 264.

9 (5). Stolons above-ground, not rooting (or only at a late
period?), sometimes short, or indeed 0, often bearing
fls. Ls with slightly elongated points ! Stipules narrow,
almost linear, with fringes almost as long as the
width of the stipule. — a. virescens Joy'd. Fls white with
a greenish spur; ls grass-green, almost glabr. — b. scoto¬
philia Jord. (abortiva Reut. ?) Fls white, or the unequal
(sparred) pet. streaked with violet. Ls dark green, often
(like the seps) streaked with violet, more hairy, with
a longer point and the lobes of the incision closer
together; the ls of the past summer gen. lasting till the
time of flowering. — Hedges; mount., grassy places, walls;
T. \V. Y. B. J. L. Z. A. (near Yevey both varieties are
very plentiful and often growing together, without any
intermediate forms!). 3, 4 . . alba Bess. 265.

— Stolons underground or prostrate and then rooting 10

10. Stolons subterranean. Ls almost glabr., grass-green,
cordate-oval (more acute than in 267). Fls blue, with a
white throat, the spurred pet. beautifully streaked with
violet Cal green, with short appendages, applied against
the petiole; spur short, cylindric. Bracts gen. below
the middle of the peduncle. Stipules lanceolate. Y.
odorata Steveni Koch? -Shady places, hedges; lower
Rhone-valley (from Aigle to Brieg). 4 Beraudii Bor.! 266.

— Stolons prostrate. Ls more or less hairy . . 11

11. Ls broad, cordate-oval or reniform, obtuse, finely pubes¬

cent. Stipules broad, oval-lanceolate. Fls gen. dark violet.
— b. Favrati Gremli. Some of the ls completely orbi¬
cular; stipules narrower. Cor. darker (Sion). — Hedges;
grassy places ; everywhere. 4 . . odorata L. 267.

*) Place here : V. valesiaca Haussknecht, which has almost the ls

of V. Thomasiana.

Violaceaj.

83

— Ls cordate-oval, with sharper points and stronger hairs
than in the last (resembling those of V. alba scotophylla !).
Stipules lanceolate, narrowed, larger than in Y, alba.
FIs paler, gen. of a dirty violet colour, gen. lighter inside !
V. alba-odorata ! ! — As the last; \V. V. Z. 4

*multicaulis Jord. 268.

12(2). Stemless pis (ls and fls rad.). Petioles glabr. Stipules
fringed. Probably hybrid. — Wood-clearings ; Beringerthal,
Canton Schaffh . .... * perplexa Grml. 269.

— Pis at first stemless, afterwards developing a stem. Pe¬
tioles with a 1-seriate pubescence. Stipules entire and
ciliate, not fringed. See V. mirabilis. 13.

13(2). Stem at first stunted (fls and ls rad.), later developing
fl. -bearing branches (“stems”), with more or less sup¬
pressed fls. Fls fragrant. Stipules entire, ciliated, not
fringed. Ls large, broad cordate-oval. Pis with brown-
red scales at the base ! — Mountain woods ; fairly distrib. 4

mirabilis L. 270.

— Stem always developed, but sometimes short Fls scent¬
less. Stipules fringed or toothed ... 14

14. Pis with a rosette of rad. ls. Type of V. si/lvatica li>

— Pis without a rad. rosette, and consequently with no

rad. Is. Type of V. caniua . .... 17

15. Caps, pubescent-tomentose. Ls small, almost orbicular,

fairly obtuse, covered, as also the stem and peduncles,
with a short pubescence. Stipules broader than in the
2 following, with sparser and shorter fringes. PI. gen.
small. — Dry sandy places, water side; Gr. W. V. 0. U. Z.
4, 5 . arenaria Dec. 271.

— Caps, glabr. Ls glabr. or with scattered hairs, cordate-
oval, more or less acute or acuminate. Stipules lanceo¬
late-linear, with a subulate point, fringed-ciliate Id

16. Pets violet; spur of the same colour, rarely pale, rather

slender, scarcely furrowed. Appendages of the cal. on
the fr. small. Y. sylvestris auct. — Woods, thickets ; every¬
where. 4, 5 . sylvatica Fr. 272.

— Pets blue or violet-blue; spur (and throat) whitish, thick,
furrowed. Appendages of the cal. on the fr. larger than
in the last. Ls darker green, rather firmer, more ob¬
tuse; pets broader, the lateral ones more strongly bearded.
— As the last and often with it, but rather more rare. 5

Riviniana Rchb. 273.

17 (14). Stipules of the middle caul, ls decidedly shorter
than half the petiole. Stem gen. ascending. Differing
from Y. sylvatica in the want of a rad. rosette, the ls
firmer, gen. smaller, more slightly toothed, less deeply
cordate and more acute, gen. broader than long, and
in the stipules being more herbaceous, with shorter

84

Violaceee.

fringes, the cor. light blue, with a spur which is always
whitish, and an obtuse, apiculate caps. Y. nemoralis
Jord. (form with broader Is?) — Wood-edges, pasturages,
peat-bogs, especially in the mount, and subalp.; distrib.
but not common. 5, 6 . . . canina L. 274.

— Stipules of the middle caul. Is at least half as long as

the petiole, those of the upper Is quite as long as the
petiole. Stem erect ....... 18

18. Middle stipules about half as long as the petiole, or as

long as it ....... If)

— Middle stipules foliaceous, as long as, or longer than,

the petiole. (FIs pale blue) ..... 20

19. Ls dark green, rather firm, oblong-oval, scarcely or
very slightly cordate at the base; edges of the Is slightly
arched. FIs light blue, fairly large. Y. Ruppii All., mon-
tana L.? — Alp. and subalp. (Zumdorf, Simplon, Bex);
marshy fields near Colombey and Geneva. 5

stricta Horn. 275.

— Ls light green, thin, oblong-lanceolate, with slightly
cordate or almost truncate base; edges of the ls almost
straight. FIs milky white or rather bluish, smaller than
in the last. Y. Billotii F. Schultz (form with larger
stipules). — Swampy meadows, rare ; Y. J. B. Z. 5

stagnina Kit. 276.

20. Ls lanceolate, with a truncate or slightly cuneiform
base, decurrent on the petiole which is winged above.
Stem 5 — 10 cm, glabr. like the ls. Y. pratensis M. and
K. -Swampy meadows; near Geneva, Bienne, Schaffh. 5

pumila Chaix. 277.

— Ls lanceolate, with a truncate or slightly cordate base.

Stem 25 — 45 cm, more or less pubescent as also the ls.
— Swampy meadows ; Geneva, Orbe, Maienwand (herb.
Boiss.). 5 . elatior Fr. 278.

21 (1). Stig. truncate, almost bilobed. Ls reniform, broader
than long. FIs yellow, streaked with brown. — Shady,
damp places in the Alp., subalp. and Jura; also des¬
cending lower. 6 . biflora L. 279.

— Stig. almost globular, urceolate. Ls, at least the upper
ones, longer than broad. FIs rarely uniformly yellow,
gen. violet or variegated with violet, yellow and white

22

22. Ls all entire. Spur about as long as the cor ; cor. violet,
never yellow. —Detritus in the High Alp.; not common. 7

cenisia L. 280.

— Ls crenate . . 23

23. Spur as long as the cor.; cor. gen. very large (30 — 45 >«m),

violet-blue, rarely yellow or white. Stem gen. very short.
—Alp. and Jura (Reculet), 6, 7 , calcarata L. 281.

Violacese. Resedacere.

85

— Spur as long as the appendages of the cal. or almost

half as long as the cor. ..... 24

24. Stipules gen. lyrate-pinnatifid, terminal lobe gen. much
larger, often foliaceous and crenate. Ann. or bienn. pis
(also perenn. in the Alp.). — a. valesiaca Thom. Pets small,
pale, scarcely as long as the cal.; pis small 3 — 8cm,
gen. covered with a dense pubescence; lower Is cor¬
date-rounded. — b. arvensis. Pets scarcely longer than the
cal., yellowish white, the 2 upper ones often partly violet.
Middle lobe of the stipules foliaceous, crenate. c. sege-
talis Joy'd. Same characters but middle lobe of the sti¬
pules narrow, scarcely toothed. The same variety with
larger, and more coloured fis constitutes V. gracilescens
Jord, — d. alpestris. FIs larger, more brightly coloured;
middle lobe of the stip. foliaceous, crenate. — o. bella.
Like the last var. but the middle lobe of the stip. nar¬
rower, not or hardly toothed. — Fields, fallow; b. every¬
where; a. Wall.; c. Yaud and Friburg rarer; d. and
e. mount, and subalp. 5, 6 . . tricolor L. 282.

— Stipules almost palmate-multifid, with linear or linear-
oblong lobes, the middle one not or scarcely longer
than the others. Perenn. pis. (Rt-stock branched, creep¬
ing.) — Alp. on limestone; from Obwald to Gruyere,
wanting in Wall., doubtful in Graub. 6 lutea Huds, 283.

OBS. V. alba-hirta (badensis Wiesb., intricata Arv.-Touv. !), abortiva
Jord. sec. Lamott., adulterina Godr. ? vaudensis Haussk. ? ; arenaria-Jtimniana
(Burnati Grml.); Beraudii-Jiirta (according to Fa vrat and Wolf) ; calcarata-tricolor
(Christii Wolf!) hirta-odorata (permixta Jord.); mirabilis-sylvatica (spuria
Celak.) ; mirabilis-liivimana (according to Schmidely) ; Odorata-scotoph ylla ;
Odorctta virescens.

9. Resedacese.

85. Reseda. Mignonette. XI, 3.

1. Seps 4. Ls undiv., linear-lanceolate, with a small seta¬

ceous tooth on each side of the base- — Road sides;
rubbish heaps. 6 .... luteola L. 284.

— Ls 1 — 2-pinnatifid, or at any rate 3-fid . . 2

2. Middle caul, ls 1 — 2-pinnatifid. Seed smooth. — Road

sides, shores; distrib. 6 ... lutea L. 285.

— Middle caul, ls undiv. or 3-fid. Seed wrinkled . 3

3. Divisions of the cal. enlarged at maturity (8 — 10 mm).

FIs scentless. Seed 2 */2 mm long. — As the last, rare and
variable ; Y. 4, 5 . . . Phyteuma L. 286.

— Divisions of the cal. not sensibly enlarged at maturity.
FIs fragrant. Seed fi^mm long. An ornamental plant. 5 — 8

t odorata L. 287.

86

Droseracefe. Polygalacete.

10. Droseraceae.

86. Drosera. Sundew. Y, 140.

1. Stem ascending, 4 — 7 cm, scarcely longer than the cunei¬

form, obovate Is. Caps, furrowed. — Peat-moss; M. Cenere,
Stanz, Einsiedeln, Bilten, Robenhausen, Gonten, Alt-
statten. 7 . intermedia Hayn. 288.

— Stem erect, 10 — 20 cm, 2 — 3 times as long as the Is 2

2. Ls spreading, almost orbicular, suddenly contracted to
the petiole. — Peat-moss; distrib. 7 rotundifolia L. 289.

— Ls erect, obovate, about twice as long as broad, nar¬
rowed to the petiole. D. anglica-rotundifolia. — Peat¬
moss, rare; Yevey, Geneva; Hallwylersee, Katzensee. 7.

* obovata M, K. 290.

— Ls erect, linear-oblong, 3—4 times as long as broad,

narrowed insensibly to the petiole. D. longifolia auct.
— Peat-moss; distrib. 7 . . . anglica Huds. 291.

87. Parnassia. Grass of Parnassus. Y, 141.

1. Stem only bearing 1 leaf, and 1 white fl. — Varied with
the fl. only a third the size (v. alpina Drude). — Marshy
meadows; distrib. 7 palustris L, 292

11. Polygalaceae.

88. Polygala. Milkwort. XVI, 11. XVII, 1.

1. FIs yellow or (especially in transalpine Switz.) more or

less rose-coloured (v. rhodoptera), 1 — 2 together in the
upper leaf-axils. Ls leathery, persist. Chamsebuxus alpestris
Spach. — Wooded hills; distrib., but rather rare in the
Jura. 4, 5 . Chamaebuxus L. 293

— FIs blue, rose or white, in racemes. Ls decid. in autumn

9

rw

2. Racemes 3 — 8-fld, the terminal raceme at last (through

the development of a large axillary fl. -bearing branch)
appearing lateral. Lower Is gen. opp. P. serpyllacea
Rchb. — Marshy fields, especially in the subalp., rare;
Alpes d’Ollon, below Jaman, Voirons, Sonvilliers, Thun,
Zug, Hohenrhone, 5, 6 . . . depressa Wendr. 294.

— Racemes gen. many-fld (10 fis and more), terminal,

rarely slightly exceeded by the fl.-bearing twigs. Ls
all altern., or the lower ones in a rosette . . 3

3. Lateral nerves of the wings branched (at maturity), more

or less anastomosed with the middle nerve (herb not
bitter). Type of P. vulgaris ..... 4

Polygalacese.

87

Lateral nerves of the wings faintly branched, not anas¬
tomosed or scarcely so, i. e. united with the middle nerve by
a scarcely visible vein. Type of P. amara . . 7

4. Ls rather firm, the lower ones (below the point whence
the fl. -bearing stems spring) larger than the others,
rather crowded in a rosette; stems, beneath the rosettes,
leafless. FIs almost as large as in P. vulgaris, of a fine
blue. — Calc, hills in the Jura; Pruntrut, Fleurier. 5

calcarea F. Schultz. 295.

— Lower ls relatively broader, but shorter than the upper

ones, not in a rosette ...... 5

5. FIs rose-coloured, large ; wings 8 — 10mm long, during their

entire development round-oval. P. nicmensis Riss. var.?
See N. Beitr. Ill, 4. IV, 2. — Val Calanca, Tess. Southern
side of the Simplon. 6 . . . Corsica Bor. 296

— FIs distinctly smaller; wings 5— 6mm long, elliptic 6*

6. Middle bracts longer than the pedicel of the newly-
opened tt., exceeding the buds before the full develop¬
ment of the raceme, and so giving the top of the young-
raceme a conic, hairy appearance. FIs often rose-colour¬
ed, gen. more numerous than in the following. Wings with
feebler net-veins, the middle nerve gen. only branched in
its upper third part. — Pasturages, wood-sides ; distrib. 5, 6

comosa Schrank. 297.

— Middle bracts scarcely as long as the pedicel of the

newly-opened fl , not reaching beyond the buds, the end
of the raceme consequently obtuse, not hairy. FIs most
often blue. — b. pseudoalpestris Gren. Racemes shorter,
denser. — As the last; distrib. 5, 6 . vulgaris L. 298.

7(8). Lower ls shorter than the others, not forming a
rosette. Herb not bitter. FIs distinctly smaller than in
the last. (Wings 4— 5 mm.) — Alp., subalp. and Jura, es¬
pecially on calc. 6 ... alpestris Rchb. 299.

— Lower ls much larger than the others, obovate, obtuse,

in a rosette ........ 8

8. FIs almost as large or still larger than in P. vulgaris,

gen. of a beautiful blue. Wings as broad or broader
than the capsule. Herb bitter which, together with the
the not, or only slightly, anastomosed nerves of the
wings, distinguishes this species from 295. — Calc, moun¬
tains of Austria and Hungary; I have not yet seen a
specimen in Switz ! 5, 6 . . * amara Jacq, 300.

— FIs distinctly smaller (wings 3 — 4 mm)- blue, reddish,
or whitish. Wings always narrower than the capsule i)

9. Racemes many-fld, more or less elongated. Herb gen.
bitter. P. amara auct. plur. non Jacq., uliginosa Rchb.
— Dry or damp pasturages up to the Alp. 5, 6

austriaca Crantz. 301.

88

Polygalacete. Silenacese.

— Racemes 5 — 10-fld, short. Herb not bitter. Pis small,

with many stems, spreading; the axis of each rosette
bearing a barren branch. — High Alp., rare; Lavirum-
pass, Bernina, Zwischbergen , Zermatt, Lenzer Alp.,
St. Bernard, Alp. of Bex, Col de Balme, above Fully,
Bellalui. 6 alpina Perr. and Song. 302.

12. Silenacese.

89. Dianthus. Pink. X, 17.

1. Limb of the pets cut down to the middle or deeper 2

— Limb of the pets only toothed .... 3

2. Scales of the cal., together with their awns, 1/i — 1/s

the length of the cal. -tube. Stem bearing several or
many fls. — b. grandiflorus Tausch. (D. speciosus Rchb.)
Stem bearing few or only 1 fl., fls larger, cal. brown-
red, thicker, pets less deeply laciniate. — Damp meadows,
wood clearings; distrib. 7, 8 . superbus L. 803.

— Cal.-scales with their awns half as long as the cal. -tube.
Stem 1- or few-fld. Pets less deeply divided than in the
last— about to the middle with almost simple lobes.—
b. controv ersus Gaud. Pets less deeply div. (not spotted),
glabr. SeeN. Beitr. 111,44. — Thickets; Tess. (above Melano,
S. Giorgio), Reculet and Colombier in the Jura. 7

monspessulanus L. 304.

3. Fls shortly pedicelled or almost sessile, agglomerated
in a cluster or head ...... d

— Fls with more or less long pedicels, solitary at the end

of the stem, or in a loose corymb ... 8

4. Ls broad, lanceolate, contracted at the base into a short

petiole. — Veltlin, southern Tyrol; only subspontaneous
in Switz. 6 . t barbatus L. 305.

— Ls linear, or narrow linear-lanceolate, sessile . 3

5. Floral ls and cal.-scales pubescent. Ann. or bienn. pis.
Fls small. — Wood sides; fairly distrib. (wanting in G.) 6

Armeria L. 30(3.

— Fl.-ls and cal.-scales glabr. Perenn. pis . . 6*

6. Ls shortly united at the base. Length of the sheath equal
to the width of the Is. Fls in a loose fascicle, fl.-ls
resembling the upper caul., herbaceous. D. collinus
Gaud.— Slopes of transalpine Switz. 6 Seguieri Chaix. 307.

— Ls united for some length at the base, the sheath about
4 times as long as the width of the ls. Fls in a dense
head. Floral ls as also the cal.-scales entirely leathery-
scarious, yellowish brown. Type of D. Carthusianorum 7

7. Fls in clusters of 2 — 6. Stem indistinctly angular. Ls

of a rather bluish green. — Hills, slopes; distrib. (want¬
ing in U.). 6 . . . . Carthusianorum L. 308.

Sllenacese.

89

— FIs gen. in clusters of 10 — 25. Stem distinctly angular.
Ls grass-green. D. congestus Bor., atrorubens Gaud,
not All. — Valleys of the Alp.; G. T. W. U. 7

vaginatus Chaix. 309.

— FIs numerous. Stem tall, slender. Pets with a smaller,

narrower limb, and longer claw than in the 2 last. —
Tess. (Ponte Tresa!) . . . atrorubens All. 310.

8 (3). Stem rough with very short hairs, many-tld. Cal.-
scales gen. 2, measuring together with their subulate awns,
at least half the length of the cal. -tube. — Pasturages; wood
sides; G. T. J. (Langenbruck near Bale). Z. (Hard, near
Biilach). L. (between Dagmersellen and Reiden). S.
(Ramsen). Irclielhohe. 6 . . deltoides L. 311,

— Stem entirely glabr. 1- or few-fld ... it

9. Cal.-scales, with their subulate awns, as long as or
longer than the cal. -tube. Ls obtuse. Stem 3 — 5 cm. -
High Alp.; rare. G. 7 . . glacialis Hank. 312.

— Cal.-scales, with their short, almost triangular points,

1 '4 or at most 1/s the length of the cal. -tube . 10

10. Pets bearded at the base of the limb. Pis forming a

loose tuft. Stem 10 — 15cm, gen. 1-fld. — Rocky places;
V. B. J. Z. S. A. (wanting in the Alp.); also occasionally
subspontaneous on walls. 7 . . . C8esius L. 313.

— Pets not bearded ....... It

11. Pis forming a dense tuft. Rt-stock with short divisions.
Ls rough at the edges. Stem 6 — 40cm. D. Scheuchzeri Rchb.,
caryophylloides Rchb. — Hills and rocks in the Alp. and
southern Jura, descending to theplains.6sylvestrisWulf.314.

— Pis forming a loose tuft. Rt-stock with elongated di¬
visions. Ls broader than in the last, smooth at the edges,
or only slightly rough towards the base. Stem 40 — 60cm.
— Southern Europe; cultivated in many varieties and
sometimes subspontaneous on old walls and castles. 6

t Caryophyllus L. 315.

OBS. Hybrid: D. barbatus-superbus (Courtoisii Rchb.; see N. Beitr. Ill, 5).
D. plumarius L., chinensis L. &c. are also cultivated in gardens.

90. Tunica, Tunica. X, 17.

1. FIs collected in a head-like fascicle of 3 — 8, almost
entirely covered by scarious scales. Dianthus prolifer
L. — Hills, wood sides and fields, not rare (wanting in

G. U. A.). 6 . prolifera Scop. 316.

— FIs scattered, pedicelled. The Gypsophila muralis which
resembles it, differs in the cal. being without bracts.
Gypsophila Saxifraga L. — Hills in warmer districts; G.

T. W. V. 7 . Saxifraga Scop. 317.

8

90

Silenaceie.

91. Gypsophyla. Gypsophyla. X, 22,

1. Ann. pis. Stem 5 — 15 cm, slender, erect, dichotomous
almost from the base, with scattered fls. — Fields, es¬
pecially after the grass is cut; distrib. 6, 8

muralis L. 318.

— Perenn. pis. Stem 10 — 25 cm decumbent at the base then
ascending, the fls collected in a corymb. — Rocky places
of Alp. and subalp., descending with torrents into the
plains; Dole and Reculet in the Jura. 5, 6 repens L. 319.

92. Vaccaria. Vaccaria. X, 22.

1. Ann., glabr. pis. Fls of a light rose colour. Saponaria
Vaccaria L. — Among corn; here and there (wanting in
G. T. L.). 6 . parviflora IVSdnch. 320.

93. Saponaria. Soap-wort. X, 21.

1. Stems almost erect, 40 — 60 cm. Cal. pale green or slightly
reddish, glabr. or slightly pubescent, 20 — 25 mm long. —
Slopes, hedges, water side; distrib. 7 officinalis L. 321.

— Stems branched, spreading, 25 — 35 cm. Cal. red, glandi¬
ferous, 6 — 11 mm long.— Rocky slopes of Alp. and Jura
up to 2000 m (wanting in U.). 5, 6 ocymoides L. 322.

94. Cucubalus. Cucubalus. X, 19.

1. Stem with spreading branches, climbing. Fls greenish.
—Thickets; Tess. Geneva. 7 . . . baccifer L. 323.

95. Silene. Catchfly. X, 20. XXII, 26.

1. Cal. with 20 — 30 nerves . .... 2

— Cal. with 10 nerves ...... 4

2. Cal. conic, narrowed towards the top, with 30 simple nerves

and a short pubescence. Pets indented, rose-coloured.
— Chur, Geneva (adventitious). 6 . . *conica L. 324.

— Cal. campanulate-ovoid, inflated, glabr. with 20 ana¬
stomosed nerves (net-veined) from the base. Pets 2-fid,
white, rarely streaked with rose. Type of S. infiata 3

3. Stems erect-ascending, several — many-fld, fls 30 — 50cm.

Seed rough with conic tubercles. — Uncultivated places,
road sides ; everywhere. 6 . . infiata Sm. 325.

— Stems prostrate-ascending, ceespitose, with 1 — 3 fls,

10 — 20 cm. Seed covered with obtuse tubercles. — ? b. gla-
reosa Jord. Stems with 3 — 5 fls. Pets with 2 pointed
coronas at the base of the limb which are wanting in
the tye and in S. infiata, where they are only represented
by 2 obtuse and indistinct bosses. — Detritus of the Alp. ;
b. Jura. 7 . aipina Thom. 326.

Silenacere.

91

4(1). FIs imperfectly dioecious. Pets linear, undiv., greenish
yellow, with no signs of a corona. S. Pseudo-Otites Bess. —
Sandy hills; (x. T. W. V. S. 6 . • Otites Sm. 827

— FIs hermaphrodite or polygam. -dioecious (hermaphrodite
and 1-sexual). Pets more or less enlarged towards the
tip, undiv., 4-toothed or 2-fid, often with a corona 5

5. Pis densely csospitose. Stem very short or almost 0,
always 1-fld. (Flowers ros^-coloured). Type of S. acaulis O

— Pis not densely csespitose. Stem distinct, 10 — GO cm and

more, 1 — many-fld ...... 7

G. Cal. truncate at the base, almost umbilic. Caps, oblong-
cylindric, almost twice as long ias the cal. — b. bryoides
Jord. Cal. narrowed towards the base. Pets not indented.
Caps, rather shorter. — Alp.; b. Albula, Jaman. 6, 7

acaulis L. 328.

— Cal. narrowed into the peduncle. Caps, ovoid, not or
hardly longer than the cal. Pis very densely casspitose
like Aretia. FIs smaller and paler than in the last.
S. polytricoides Zumagl. — High Alp. 7 exscapa All. 329.

7. Cal. turbinate (short, obconic) . ... S

— Cal. tubular, or tubular-campanulate, or clavate . O

8. Pets (white) indented. Seed not crested. Ls oval, the

lower ones narrowed towards the base. Stem dicho-
tomous-corymbiform.— Kocky places of the Alp. and
subalp., descending sometimes; rare on limestone; Pass-
wang in the Jura. 7 rupestris L. 330.

— Pets 4-toothed. Seed bordered by a spiny crest. Comp,
genus lleliosperma.

9. Cal. glabrous ....... 10

— Cal. pubescent . . . . . . .11

10. Pets deeply 2-fid, white above, greenish below. FIs

isolated or 2 or 3 together, with long peduncles. Ls
linear. Perenn. pis, csespitose, with thin stems, 10— 20 cm.
— Calc, hills of warm countries; G. T. W. (Sim¬
plon). 5 . Saxifraga L. 331.

— Pets only indented, of a fine rose-colour. FIs numerous,

in a more or less thickly fascicled corymb. Ls oval-
oblong. Ann. pis; stem glutinous below the upper joints,
30— 50 cm. — Rocky places, rare; T. W. Y. B.; also cul¬
tivated for ornament. 6 . . . . Armeria L. 332.

11. Pets undiv. with entire or denticulate edges, rarely

slightly incised, whitish or flesh-coloured or (b. quinque-
vidnera L .) of a blood-red bordered with white. FIs in
unilateral spiciform racemes. — Fields, rare and often
variable. 6 . gallica L. 333.

— Pets 2-fid or 2-partite ...... 12

92

Silenacese.

12. FIs solitary or 2 — 3 together (rarely 5) , large (cal.

20—25 mm long). Pets rose-coloured above, blood-red
beneath. Stem 5 — 12 cm. — Alp. W. (Simplon, Hicolaithal,
Herens, Bagnethal). 7 valesia L. 334.

— ■ FIs more numerous. Stem 30 — 60 cm . . . 13

13. Ann. pis. Stem dichotomous-corymbiform. Comp. Melan-
drium noctiflorum.

— Perenn. pis. FIs panicled ..... 11

14. Panicle unilateral. FIs drooping at the time of open¬

ing. Cal. 8 — 12 mm long. Pets with a pointed corona.
Carpophore about J/3 as long as the caps. — b. livida
Willd. Pets greenish underneath (Tess.). — Hills, wood
sides; distrib. 6 .... nutans L. 335.

— Panicle turning to all sides, pyramid-like, with erect
fls. Cal. 18 — 20 mm long. Pets without corona or only
wdth small bosses. Carpophore as long or almost as
long as the caps. —As the last; Tess. 5 italica Pers. 336.

96. Heliosperma. Heliosperm. X, 20.

1. Stems thin, forming a loose tuft. Ls linear, the lower
ones lanceolate. Pets milky white, 4-tootlied! Silene
quadrifida L. — Damp calcareous rocks of the Alp. and
subalp.; Reculet in the Jura. 6 quadrifidum Rchb. 337.

97. Melandrium. Melandrium. X, 20. XXII, 26.

1. Fls hermaphrodite. Styles 3. Pets dirty white or slightly

rose-coloured. Silene noctiflora L. — Fields; distrib. but
not common. 6, 9 . . . . noctiflorum Fr. 338.

— Fls dioecious. Styles 5 (rarely by anomaly 6 — 8). Lych-

nidis sp. auct. ....... 2

2. Fls white, very rarely rose coloured, open in the even¬
ing and rather fragrant. Caps, ovoid-conic, the teeth
erect or slightly bent outwards. Seed with obtuse tu¬
bercles. M. album Garck. — Road sides ; hedges ; distrib. 6

vespertinum Martens. 339.

— Fls rose-coloured, very rarely white, open during
the day, scentless. Caps, globular-ovoid, with the teeth
rolled outwards. Seed with sharp tubercles. M. rubrum
Garck. — Damp thickets, wdod edges, especially in the
mount, region; distrib. 4—5, earlier than the last

diurnum Crep. 340.

OBS. M. diurnum-vesperlinum (dubium Hamp.).

98. Viscaria. Viscous Catch-fly. X, 20.

1. Pets undiv. Stem glutinous below the upper joints,
30— 50 cm. Lychnis Viscaria. L. — Slopes; G. T. W. V.

J. S. Z. 5 . vulgaris Rohl. 341.

Silenacese. Alsinacea?.

93

— Pets 2-fid. Stem not glutinous, 5 — 15 cm. — Alp.; G. W.

0. 7 . alpina Fr. 342.

99. Lychnis. Campion. X, 20.

1. Pets rose-coloured, div. beyond the middle into 4 linear
lobes.— Meadows ; everywhere. 5 . flos cuculi L. 343.

— Pets undiv., or 2-fid to the middle ... 2

2. Pets undiv., at most faintly indented ... 3

— Pets 2-fid, (with a corona) ..... 3

3. Segments of the cal. longer than the pets. Comp, the
genus Agrostemma.

— Segments of the cal. shorter than the pets . . -i

4. Stems and Is whitish tomentose. Caps. 1-celled. Coron-

aria tomentosa A. Br. — Wooded hills ; W. ; also cultivated
for ornament. 6 Coronaria L. 344.

— Stem glabr., glutinous below the upper joints. Caps,
div. at the base into 5 cells. Comp, the genus
Viscaria.

5 (2). FIs red, hermaphrodite. Caps, opening by5 teeth.
PI. villous-tomentose. — Sunny slopes of the Alp.; G.
T. W. B. 7 . flos Jovis L. 345.

— FIs white or rose-coloured, dioecious. Caps, opening
by 10 teeth. Genus Melandrium.

100. Agrostemma. Corn-cockle. X, 20.

1. Pets violet-red, truncate or lightly indented, shorter than
the cal. -segments ! — Among the corn; everywhere. 6

Githago L. 34G.

13. Alsinacese.

101. Spergula. Spurry. X, 24.

1. Ls linear-filiform, appearing fascicled — a. vulgaris Basnngh.
Seed black, with scattered clavate warts, which are at
first whitish and later light brown. — b. saliva Bcenngh.
Seed entirely black without warts. — Fields; distrib.;
rarefy cultivated. 6 arvensis L. 347.

102. Spergularia. Sand-spurry. X, 24.

1. Seps white-scarious with a green nerve. Pets white.
Habit of 365. — Fields; Coeuve, Canton Bern; Bruderliolz,
Canton Bale. 5 segetalis Fenzl. 348.

— Seps green-herbaceous, scarious at the edges, without
or with a feeble nerve at the base. Pets rose. — Sandy
places, pasturages, road-sides, not everywhere ; G. T. W.
V. B. 0. U. Z. (Aargau). 5, 6 . rubra Presl. 349.

94

Alsinacese.

103. Sagina. Pearlwort. IV, 23. X, 26.

1. FIs 4-merous, with 4 stas, rarely chance specimens
5-merous, with 5 stas. (Pets at most half as long as seps) 2

— FIs 5-merous, with 10 stas ..... 4

2. Central axis reduced to a barren rosette ; stems prostrate,

rooting. Ls not ciliate, rarely (b. bryoides Frol.) ciliate-
denticulate. — Damp fields, road-sides, ditches; distrib.
and as high as the Alp. 5 . . procumbens L. 350.

— Central axis developed; central rosette 0; stems erect

or ascending, not rooting ..... 3

3. Ls ciliate. Seps spread like a cross on the ripe caps. •
Fields, fallow-ground. T. Y. B. J. Z. S. 5

apetala L. 351.

— Ls glabr. or only faintly ciliate at the base. Seps ap¬

plied to the caps. Pis more spreading and of a deeper
green than the last; the 2 outer seps terminated by a
distinct point which is gen. bent inwards when dry.
S. depressa Schultz starg., patula Jord., filicaulis Jord.,
— As the last and often with it and (or) 350; Geneva,
Coeuve, Bale, Wilchingen. 5 . . ciliata Fr. 352.

4(1). Ls with long awn-like points, pubescent, as also the
upper part of the stem, and the peduncles which are
very long. — Yeltlin; indicated in Misox. 7

subulata Presl. 353.

— Ls shortly mucronate ...... 5

5. Upper ls distinctly shorter, bearing in their axils clusters

of small ls (stunted branches). Pets twice as long as
the cal. — Turfy-land; here and there (wanting in G. S.). 7

nodosa Fenzl. 354.

— Upper ls not noticeable smaller ... 6

(3. Pets rather shorter than, or barely as long as the cal. PI.

glabr. Habit of S. procumbens, but fls 5-merous, ped¬
uncles longer, seps applied to the caps. &c. Sp. macro-
carpa Maly. — Alp., subalp. and Jura. 6, 7

Linnsei Presl. 355.

— Pets IV2 — 2-times as long as the cal. PI. pubescent with

glandular hairs. S. glabra Koch, (nomen ineptum). —
Alp.; St. Bernard. 7 repens Burnat. 356.

104. Buffonia. Buffonia. IV, 23.

1. Habit of Juncus bufonius. B. macrosperma Gay, B. tenui-
folia Gaud, not L. — Gravelly places; W. (Charat, Ardon
&c.). 7 . paniculata Delarbr. 357.

105. Alsine. Alsine. X, 26, 29. VIII, 23.

1. Ls roundish, oval, oval-lanceolate or lanceolate . 2

— Ls linear or subulate ..... 6

Alsinacere.

95

2. Pets and seps 4. Stas 8. PI. forming a thick tuft. Ls

obtuse, with us (b. Rionii Grml. — A. herniarioides Rion)
ciliate. — High Alp.; "W. (Ofenthal near Mattmark and
Allalinhorn). 7, 8 . . . . aretioides M. K. 358.

Pets and seps 5. Stas 10 .... 3

3. Caps. 3-valved. Seed bordered by a crest of subulate
warts. PI. with creeping shoots. Seps acute, with several
nerves. — Alp. rare; G. Simplon. 7 lanceolata M. K. 359.

— Caps. 6-valved ....... 4

4. Pets as long as, or longer than the cal. Comp. Arenaria
ciliata and biflora.

Pets distinctly shorter than the cal. ... ;>

5. Ls 12 — 18 mm long, petiolcd, the lower ones with the
petiole about as long as the blade. Seed with an ap¬
pendage. Genus Maehringia.

— Ls 2 — 4 mm long, sessile or the lower ones contracted
to a short petiole Seed without appendage. Genus
Arenaria.

6(1). Pets gen. 0, rarely present and small, setaceous,
green or white and almost as long as the cal. PI. form¬
ing dense tufts. Cherleria sedoides L. — High Alp. 7

Cherleri Fenzl. 360.

— Pets always present ...... 7

7. Seps linear-oblong, rounded-obtuse. Pets twice as

long as the cal. Type of A. laricifolia . . 8

— Seps oval-lanceolate, lanceolate, or lanceo. — subulate, acute

or acuminate, rarely oblong-linear, rather obtuse, but
then the pets little longer than the cal. . . it

8. Cal. glandular, attenuated at the base into an en¬
largement of the petiole. Caps, a third longer than the
cal. Seed 14/2 mm, bordered by a denticulate crest. Stem
bearing 1 — 5 fls. A. Bauhinorum Gren. — Jura (Reculet,

Dole). 7 . liniflora Heg. 3G1.

Cal. not glandular, truncate at the base. Caps, as
long as, or barely longer than the cal. Seeds smaller
(scarcely 1 mm), with finely tubercled edges. Stem often
panicled. A. striata Gren. — Alp.; almost the whole cen¬
tral chain. 7 . laricifolia Crantz. 362.

9. Seps cartilaginous, white, marked on the back with 2
green stripes (sometimes almost confluent) . lO

— Seps green or only scarious at the edges . . It

10. Pets almost as long as the cal. Fls in a terminal corymb.

Stems numerous, tufted. A. rostrata Koch. — Alp.; G.
W. 7, 8 . mucronata L. 363.

— Pets only 1/s the length of the cal. Fls in dense fas¬
cicles terminating the stem and the axillary branches
which are shorter than the stem. Ann. pis. Stems soli¬
tary or not numerous, stiff. Seps more finely acuminate

96

Alsinaceae.

than in the last. A. fasciculata M. K. — Hills; W. Y. J. 7

Jacquini Koch. 364

11. Pets decidedly shorter than the cal. (PI. ann., branched,
many-fld). Type of A. tenuifolia .... 12

— Pets about as long as the cal., or rather longer or shorter 13

12 Seps oval-lanceolate, shorter than the capsule. Pis glabr.

or with scattered glandular hairs, the branches diffuse,
ascending. — b. laxa Jord. Southern form with finer and
more spreading branches. — Fields of the Swiss plateau;
fairly distrib. 6 tenuifolia Crantz. 365.

— Seps lanceolate-subulate, more finely acuminate than in
the last, longer than the caps. PI. covered with a
glandular pubescence, branching upwards from the base,
with almost erect branches. A. hybrida Jord.?— As the
last, on gravel and sand, rare; W. Y. 5, 6

viscosa Sclireb. 366.

13. Caps. 6-valved. Comp. Mcehringia poly gonoides and Arenarici
grandiflora.

— Caps. 3-valved ....... 11

14. Ls. nerveless or with 1 nerve. Pis glabr. or the ped¬
uncles alone pubescent ..... 15

— Ls, at any rate in a dried state, distinctly 3-nerved.

Pis more or less glandular-pubesc., at least in the upper
portion. Type of A. verna ..... 16

15. Pedicels much elongated (15 — 35 mm), glabr., gen. 3 — 5.
Habit of a Sagina but the caps. 3-valved. — Peat swamps
of the Jura (Yaud, Neuchatel). 7 stricta Wahlb. 367.

— Pedicels short, 5 mm, pubescent, fls 1 — 2. — High Alp.,
very rare; Gf. \Y. Y. ( Val Muranza, Alesse, Paneyrossaz). 6

biflora Wahlb. 368.

16. Branches of the rt-stock almost woody, blackish. Ls
narrow, linear, thick, gen. reflexed on one side. Outer
seps 5 — 7-nerved; nerves less distinct than in the fol¬
lowing. Stem gen. 1 — 3-fld. — High Alp. Gf. T. \Y. U. 7

recurva Wahlb. 369.

— Branches of the rt-stock thinner, not woody. Ls linear-
subulate, fiat, gen. straight. Seps all 3-nerved, with well
defined nerves. Stem 3 — many-fld. — b. alpina (A. Gferardi
Wahlb.). PI. forming a dense tuft. Stem 1 — 3-fld. — c. niva¬
lis Fenzl. (A. sedoides Froel.). PL densely tufted, stem
always 1-fld. Ls shorter, broader, glabr. — Alp. and sub¬
alp.; Reculet and Colombier in the Jura; c. Lavirum! 7

verna Bartl. 370.

106. Mcehringia. Moehringia. X, 26. Till, 23.

1. Ls petioled, oval or oval-oblong, with 3 — 5 nerves. Pets
shorter than the cal. — Hedges, thickets; everywhere. 5

trinervia Clairv. 371.

Alsinace®.

97

— Ls not petioled, linear or linear-filiform, nerveless. Pets

longer |than the cal. ...... 2

2. Seps acute, 4. Stas 8. Styles 2. Ls filiform. Peduncles
10— 25 mm. — Rocky, shady places in the Alp., subalp.
and Jura; extending to the foot of the mountains. 5, 6

muscosa L. 372.

— Seps obtuse, 5. Stas 10. Styles 3- Ls linear. Peduncles
5 — 8 mm. M. sphagnoides Rchb. (dwarf form). — Alp. 7

polygonoides M. K. 373.

107. Arenaria. Sandwort. X, 26.

1. Ls lanceolate-subulate, acuminate, with a stiff awn, with
a strong nerve underneath, thickened at the edges (by
the lateral nerves). Pets twice as long as the cal. —
.lura (Chasseron, Suchet) ; Saleve. 6,7 grandiflora All. 374.

— Ls rounded, oval, or oblong-lanceolate, gen. with several

nerves underneath ....... 2

2. Pets rather longer than the cal. Perenn. pis . ,7

— Pets at least 1/3 shorter than the cal. Ann. pis. Type

of A. serpyllifolta ....... 4

3. Ls almost orbicular, very obtuse, shortly petioled. Fl.-
stem short, 1 — 2-fld, rising from prostrate, stolon-like
branches. — High Alp.; not common. 7 biflora L. 375.

— Ls oval-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, sub-acute, drawn
into a short petiole, ciliate. Stem 1 — many-fid.— b. densior
(A. multicaulis Wulf.). Barren branches very numerous.
Stem short 1 — 2-fld. — c. laxior (A. gothica Gren. an Fr.?).
Barren branches rare, stem higher, several — many-fld. —
Alp. and Jura; c. by the lac do Joux. 7 ciliata L. 376. *)

4. The scarious edge of the inner seps at most V2 as
broad as the central herbaceous part. Low-growing pis,
yellowish green; with rather longer hairs than in the
following, fis more crowded and seps more finely acu¬
minate.— High Alp.; G. W. 7 Marschlinsii Koch. 377.

— Scarious edge of the inner seps as broad as the central

herbaceous part ....... 5

5. Seps oval-lanceolate. Caps, ovoid, much swollen towards
the base, bursting with a report when pressed. A. splieero-
carpaTen. — Fields, walls ; everywhere. 5 serpy llifolia L.378.

— Seps lanceolate, narrower than in the last. Caps, oval-
oblong, bursting without noise when pressed. Pis more
delicate in every respect than the last; fls smaller. —
As the last and often accompanying it, especially in
warm regions, but rarer . leptoclados Guss. 379.

*) The v. laxior = A. gothica Fr. According to Grenier (mem. soc.
d’emul. Doubs 1873) and Vetter (oral communication) annual or annual and
lasting the winter, and certainly a distinct species from ciliata.

98

Alsinacete.

108. Holosteum. Holosteum. Y, 145. Ill, 82.

1. PI. of a glaucous green, pubescent-glandular above. —
Grassy places and walls in warm regions ; G. AY. Y. J.

Z. S. 4 . umbellatum L. 380.

109. Stellaria. Starwort. X, 27. V, 145. Ill, 82.

1. Stem cylindric. Ls glabr., oblong-lanceolate, tbe lower
ones narrowed towards the base. Comp. Cerastium tri-
gynum.

— Stem cylindric. Ls oval or cordate-oval, the lower ones

petioled ......... 2

— Stem 4-angled. Ls linear-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,

all sessile ........ 4

2. Pets almost twice as long as the cal. Stem pubescent

all round. — Damp places, shady spots, especially in tbe
mount, and subalp. 6 nemorum L. 381.

— Pets shorter, or barely as long as the cal., or 0. Stems
with a line of hairs running up them. Type of St. media

3. Pets shorter than the cal. — Road sides, walls, gardens;

everywhere. 4 — 9 .... media drill. 382.

— Pets 0. PI. with many stems, pale green. Cauline ls
often petioled. Peduncles villous all round. Styles very
short. St. Boreeana Jord. — As the last, but rarer. Y. W.?

pallida Pire. 383.

4 (l). Bracts herbaceous. Pets divided to the middle. Ls
linear-lanceolate, narrowed almost from the base in a
straight line. — Hedges, thickets; rare; T. V. J. L. Z. 6

Holostea L, 384.

— Bracts scarious. Pets div. almost to the base . 5

5. Pets decidedly shorter than the cal. Ls oblong-lanceo¬
late. St. glacialis Lagg. (form with small ls). — Damp
woods, springs; distrib. (wanting in S.). 6

uliginosa Murr, 385.

— Pets about as long as, or rather longer than, the cal.

Ls linear or linear-lanceolate . ... 6

6. The angles of the upper parts of the stems and the
edges of the ls scabrous, the effect of fine denticulation.
Bracts glabr. at the edges. — Damp, wooded places; Enga-
dine near Celerina and between Samaden and Bevers
on the right hand bank of the Inn! 7 Friesiana Ser. 386.

— Stems and ls glabr. ...... 7

7. Edges of the bracts glabr. Stem fairly erect. Ls gen.
rather glaucous. St. glauca With. — Swampy meadows;
Binningerried near Schaffh. , still at Bienne in 1880. 6

palustris Ehrh. 387.

Alsinacere.

99

— Bracts ciliate at the edges. Stems spreading or (among

herbs or bushes) erect. Ls grass-green, rarely glaucous.
Hedges, plains; distrib. 6 . . graminea L, 388.

110. Cerastium. Cerast. X, 27. V, 152. IV, 23.

1. Pets entire or slightly indented. Caps, shorter or scarcely

longer than the cal. (Ann. pis, glaucous, entirely glabr.)
Moenchice spec. auct. ...... 2

Pets more or less deeply 2-fid. Caps. gen. distinctly
longer than the cal. FIs 5-merous ,‘jf

2. FIs 4-merous. Pets shorter than the cal. Stem 3—5 cm ,

1 — 3-fld. Moenchia erecta FI. Wett. — Arid places; Ge¬
neva. 5 . quaternellum Fenzl. 383.

— FIs 5-merous. Pets almost twice as long as the cal.

Stem 20 — 30 cm, 3 — many-fld. — As the last; transalp.
Switz. 6 . manticum L. 390.

3. Styles 3 (rarely by anomaly 4 or 5). Ls glabr., linear-

lanceolate. Bracts herbaceous. Stellaria cerastoides L.
— Alp. 7 . trigynum Vill. 391.

— Styles 5, pubescent or villous . ... 1

4. Caps, ovoid, with valves united in pairs. Comp,
genus Malachium.

Caps, c.ylindric or cylindric-conic, with valves equally
separated ........ .>

5. FIs small. Pets shorter, or as long as or barely longer

than the cal. (not more than 8 mm), rarely 0. Ann. or
bienn. pis (only No. 394 lasting several years) . 6*

— FIs fairly large. Pets 1 V2 — 2 times as long as the cal.

Perenn. pis producing numerous tufted barren shoots
by the side of the fl.-stems ..... 10

0. Bracts herbaceous up to the top and hairy, at most
narrowly scarious and glabr. at the edges, the hairs
reaching beyond the point. Pets or stas ciliate . 7

— Bracts scarious and glabr. at the sides and top, the

hairs of the back not reaching beyond the scarious top.
Pets and stas glabr. ...... 8

7. Fr.-pedicels as long as, or shorter than, the cal.! PI. of a

light green, with short hairs, with or without glandular
hairs mixed with the others. — Fallow land, road sides ;
distrib. 5 .... glomeratum Thuill. 392.

— Fr.-pedicels 2—3 times as long as the cal. PI. of a gray-
green, rough with long hairs intermixed with (or rarely
without) glandular hairs. — As the last, but less distrib.
(wanting in G. T. U. L. A.). 5 brachypetalum Desp, 393.

8. Bienn. or perenn. pi. Stems 10 — 40 cm, gen. without
glands, the lateral ones prostrate, rooting at the base.
FIs larger than in the 2 last and the 2 following. Seed

100

Alsinaceje.

more distinctly granular. — Grassy places, road-sides;
everywhere. 5 — 9 .... triviale Link. 394.

— Ann. or bienn. pis. Stems 5 — 15 cm, never rooting, gen.
glandular-viscous ....... U

9. Edges of all the bracts broadly (Vs — V2) scarious. Fr.-
pedicels reflexed. — Grassy places, slopes; not every¬
where (wanting in A. U.). 4 . semidecandrum L. 395.

— Lower bracts herbaceous, the edges not or scarcely

scarious. Fr.-pedicels inclined or horizontal. C. pumi-
lum Curt, ex Babgt. — As the last, but rarer; V. B. J.
A. (?) Z. 4 . .. . . . glutinosum Fr, 396.

10 (5). Bracts all entirely herbaceous, resembling the cauline
Is. Seeds marginate. Type of C. latifolium . . 11

— Bracts with more or less scarious edges. Seed emar-

ginate ......... 12

11. Pets spreading in the form of a basin, more than twice

as long as the cal. Caps, inflated at the base, rather
curved. Seed 2 — 3 mm.— High Alp., apparently only on
calc. 7, 8 . latifolium L. 397.

— Pets as in the last, but never more than twice as long
as the cal. Caps, ovoid at the base, curved. SeedlV2 — 2 mm.
Ls softer, pedicels longer than in the last C. subacaule
Heg., C glaciale Gaud. — High Alp., probably only on
silicious soil; G. W. U. 7, earlier than the last

uniflorum lYlurith, 398.

— Pets bell-sliaped, less spreading than in the 2 last, ex¬
ceeding the cal. by 1/3 at most. Caps, almost cylindric,
straight. Seed l — V/2 mm. Growth slenderer with nar¬
rower ls and longer pedicels. C. pedunculatum Gaud.
— High Alp., especially in the neighbourhood of glaciers,
sometimes by the side of C. uniflorum, only in the
central Alps. 7. Earlier than C. latifolium.

f iliforme Schleich, 399.

12. Ls oblong, gen. without fascicles of small ls in their

axils. Pets very spreading, straight. Stem 1— 5-fld. Hair
long, flexible. — b. lan&tiim Lam. Ls white-woolly. — High
Alp., not common. 1 ... . alpinum L. 400.

— Ls linear or linear-lanceolate, gen. with fascicles of

small ls in their axils. Pets spreading in the shape of
a bell (curved outwards). Stem 5— 15-fld . . 13

13. PI. entirely white-tomentose. — Walls: Vevey! Bevieux!

PonteTresa! (probably naturalised, widely distrib., however,
in Italy). 6 f tomentosum L. 401.

— PI. not tomentose. — b. srictum Hanke. PI. more glabr.,

forming denser tufts, the stems more erect. — c. visci-
dulmn Grnil. As b. but entirely glandular-viscous (Zer¬
matt).— Road-sides, slopes; b. alpine form. c. Mattmark
(Saas). 5—7 . arvense L. 402.

Alsinaceee. Elatinaceie. Line®.

101

111. Malachium. Water-Starwort. X, 27.

1. Ls cordate-oval. Easily distinguished from 381 by the
5 styles and the sessile upper caul. ls. Stellaria penta-
gyna Gaud. — Damp places, hedges, ditches; distrib. 6

aquaticum Fr. 403.

14. Elatinaceae.

1 12. Elatine. Elatine. VIII, 23, VI, 33. Ill, 80.

1. Ls whorled, sessile. Stem 15 — 40 cm, erect in the land
form. — Inundated places; formerly near Hale, Constance. 8

*Alsinastrum L. 404.
Ls opp., petioled. Stem 3 — 10 cm, prostrate . 2

2. FIs sessile, or very shortly pedicelled, 4-merous. Seed

curved like a horse-shoe, with unequal sides. — As the
last; Yeltlin, Aostathal. 8 . . * Hydropiper L. 405.

— FIs pedicelled, 3-merous. Seed feebly curved. E. palu-
dosa Seub. p. — Yersoix, on the lake of Geneva. 9

hexandra Dec. 40(3.

15. Linese.

113. Linum. Flax. V, 149. XVI, 4.

1. Ls (at least some of them) opp., the lower ones obovate,
the upper lanceolate. Pets white, yellowish at the base.
— Fields, meadows; everywhere. 6 catharticum L. 407.

— Ls altern., linear or linear-lanceolate. Pets blue or lilac

2

2. Seps glandular-ciliate. FIs pale lilac. — Stony, sunny
slopes; here and there (wanting in G. U. L. A.). 6

tenuifolium L. 408.

— Seps not glandular-ciliate. FIs blue . . . 3

3. Ann. pi.; stem solitary. Stig. clavate. Flax. Cultivated. 6

f usitatissimum L. 409.

— Perenn. pi. with several stems. Stig. capitate. L. mon-

tanum Sclil.— Alp.; G. \V. Y. B. O. U. A.; Dole and Mont
Tendre in the Jura. 6, 7 . . . alpinum L. 410.

114. Radiola. Allseed. IV, 22.

1. Ls opp., oval. PI. very small, branching in a corymb.
— Damp, sandy places; formerly near Bale. 7

*linoides Roth. 411.

102

Malvacete. Tiliaceee.

16. Malvaceae.

115. Malva. Mallow. XVI, 9.

1. Caul. Is gen. palmatipartite down to the base, with 5

inciso-dentate or 2-pinnatifid lobes (comp. 413) . 2

— Caul. Is palmatifid with 5 (8 — 7) lobes . . 3

2. Leaflets of outer-cal. oblong-linear. PI. with hairs, for

the most part, simple and spreading. — Road-sides; here
and there. 6 . moschata L, 412.

— Leaflets of outer-cal. oval or oval-oblong. PI. with short,
stellate, applied hairs.— a. Caul. Is divided to the base.
— b. fastigiata Cav. (Bismalva Bernli. Rchb.) Caul. Is
div. barely to the middle into 5 lobes, the upper ones
3-fid, the middle lobe elongated. -As the last. 6

Alcea L. 413.

3. Leaflets of the outer-cal. oval-oblong Cor. of a violet-
rose colour, with darker veins, 3 — 4 times as long as
the cal. — Road-sides, rubbish heaps; distrib. 6

sylvestris L. 414.

. — Leaflets of the outer-cal. linear-lanceolate. Cor. of a
pale rose colour, about twice as long as the cal. M. vul¬
garis Fr. — As the last; everywhere. 6 neglecta Wallr. 415.

OBS. M. mnuritiana L. (as in 414, but pets darker and less indented-

Stem more upright, almost glabr.) and M. crisim L. (pedicels very short, Is

crisp at the edges) are sometimes found escaped from gardens.

116. Althaea. Altluea. XVI, 9.

1. FIs shortly pedicelled, agglomerated. Perenn. pi., covered
with a velvety pubescence. — Marshy places; rare and
probably naturalised. 6 . . . officinalis L. 416.

— FIs Avith fairly long pedicels, 1 or 2 together. Ann. pi.,
rough with stiff spreading hairs. — Fields, rare; W. Y.
and sometimes adventitious in other parts. 6

hirsuta L. 417.

OBS. A. rosea Cav. (March Mallow) is often cultivated in gardens.

17. Tiliacese.

117. Tilia. Lime. XIII, 9.

1. FIs Avith 5 staminodes or petaloid stas. Stas 50 — 70 2

— FIs without staminodes. Stas 20 — 40 ... 3

2. Ls Avhite-tomentose with stellate hairs underneath. Silver
Lime. — Ornamental tree from Hungary. 7

f tomentosa IVIonch. 418.

— Ls green underneath, almost glabr. (still larger than in
420). -Ornamental tree from America. 7

t amsricana L. 419.

Tiliacese. Hypericacem.

103

3. The whole under surface of the Is soft, velvety, other¬
wise of the same colour as the upper surface, green or
only slightly paler; with small whitish tufts in the
angles of the veins. Corymbs 2— 3-(rarelv 5-)fld, pen¬
dant. T. grandifolia Ehrh. — Woods; distrib. 6

platyphyila Scop. 420.

— Ls (smaller than in the last) glabr. on both sides,

glaucous underneath ; with small rust-coloured tufts in
the angles of the veins. Corymbs 7 — 1 1- (rarely 5 — 3-) lid,
erect. T. parvifolia Ehrh.*) — As the last. G, but about
2 weeks later . ulmifolia Scop. 421.

18. Hypericaceae.

118. Androsaemum. Androsaemum. XVIII, 1.

1. Stems with 2 prominent lines. Seps with entire edges.
— Damp places; Lugano. 6 . . officinale All. 422.

OBS. A. elatum (grandifolium Rchb. not Chois , Hypericum datum Ait.,

II. angelicum Bert.) has longer styles, narrower ls, and more elongated fr., it is

found subspontaneous near Sion!

119. Hypericum. St. John’s wort. XVIII, 1.

1. Ls 3 — 4 in a whorl, linear. — Sunny rocky slopes ; Urner-
see, Mvthen, Muottathal, Wiggis, Canton Glarus. 6

Coris L. 423.

— Ls opp., oval to oblong-linear, rarely linear . 2

2. Stems prostrate, numerous, slender, spreading (in small
specimens also almost erect), 5 — 15 cm. Stas 15—20. —
Wood clearings, fields after mowing; here and there. G - 8

humifusum L. 424.

— Stems erect or almost so, firm, 30—60 cm. Stas 50 — 70

3. Seps with entire edges ...... 4

— Seps toothed-glandular or fringed ... 6*

4. Stems with 2 prominent lines. Ls oblong-oval, marked

with numerous transparent dots, almost without la¬
teral anastomosed nerves. Seps acuminate. — b. veronense
Schrank. Ls almost linear. Seps less acute. — Road-sides,
wood-clearings, slopes; everywhere; b. in south-western
Switz. {e. g. Martigny!) 7 . . perforatum L, 425.

— Stems with 4 prominent lines (of which 2 are often

faintly marked in 426) ...... 5

*) T. vulgaris Hayne (intermedia Dec.) appears to be hybrid between
420 and 421 ; it is sometimes cultivated, but reported wild in Canton Vaud
and near Weesen.

104

Hypericacese. Acerineas.

5. Prominent lines of the stem faint. Ls without trans¬
parent dots, or only the upper ones, rather narrowed
to the base. Seps elliptic, obtuse, or the 2 inner ones
narrower and rather acute. Pets gold-yellow, spotted
with black. — Wood edges and cool places, especially in
the mount.; not common. 7 . . quadrangulum L. 426.

— Prominent lines of the stem almost winged. Ls half-
clasping, with numerous transparent dots, but with the
lateral nerves less anastomosed than in the last. Seps
lanceolate, acuminate. Pets of a paler yellow and smaller
than in the last, gen. not spotted. — Ditches; everywhere. 7

tetrapterum Fr. 427.

6 (3). Seps with fairly long glandular fringes, terminating
almost in the shape of a club. Stem with 2 prominent
lines in the upper part. Ls net-veined, without trans¬
parent dots. — Southern Jura (Cliasseron to Reculet). 7

Richeri Viil. 428.

— Seps shortly ciliate-glandular. Stems cylindric. Ls, at

least the upper ones, with transparent spots . 7

7. Seps obovate, very obtuse, bordered with almost sessile
glands.— Woods, slopes, rare; almost exclusively in the
northern parts of Switzerland. (Lenzburg, Baden, Rhein-
felden, Feuerthalen, Wilchingen). 7 pulchrum L. 429.

— Seps lanceolate, acute, with stipitate glands . 8

8. PI. glabr. FIs in a dense raceme. — Woods; distrib. 6

montanum L. 430.

— PI. hairy. Inflorescence looser and with more numerous

fls. — As the last. 6 ... hirsutum L. 431.

OBS. Hybrid: 11. quadranyulum-tetrapterum (Wadenschwyl: Burnat.).

0

19. Acerineae.

120. Acer. Maple. VIII, 9. XXII, 10.

1. Inflorescence forming a long pendant, rather branched,
raceme. Ls grayish green underneath, dull. Sycamore
Maple. — Mountain forests; distrib. 4

Pseudoplatanus L. 432.
Inflorescence in a corymb or at last slightly elongated
into a raceme ....... 2

2. Ls thin, like paper, the lobes long acuminate, separated
by rounded incisions, almost of the same colour all
over and shiny underneath (resembling those of the
Plane tree). Plane Maple. — As the last; rather earlier

platanoides L, 433.

— Ls firmer, with obtuse, or at all events not long-acu¬
minate, lobes ........ 3

Ampelideae. Geraniacese.

105

3- Ls 3-lobed, leathery, lobes almost entire. FIs appearing
before the ls. — Thickets; Fort de l’Ecluse near Geneva. 4

*monspessulanum L. 434.
Ls 5-lobed (the 2 lower lobes sometimes only indicated).
FIs at the same time or after the ls . . 4

4. Corymbs erect. "Wings of the samara spreading almost
horizontally. Common Maple. — Woods, thickets ; distrib. 5

campestre L. 435.

— Corymbs at last drooping. Wings of the samara parallel
or only slightly divergent. — Mountain forests of south¬
western Switz., especially in the Jura. 4

opulifolium Vill. 436.

OBS. Of the family Hippocastanea? are to be mentioned: 1) Aes-
culus Hippocastaneum L., Horse chestnut (Pets variegated with white, red, and
yellow, with a short claw; fr. rough with stiff points). 2) A. ravia L. (Pets
with a long claw, red; fr. without stiff points); 3) A. lutea Waugh, (as the
last but pets yellow), &c.

20. Ampelideae.

121. Vitis. Vine. V, 7.

1. Ls 3 — 5-lobed, at last glabrescent. FIs, in the wild pi.
(v. sylvestris Gmel.), imperfectly dioecious. — Cultivated
and sometimes naturalised. 6 . f vinif era L. 437.

OBS. V. Labrusca L. is cultivated in Tessin. — Atnpelopsis quinquefolia
U. Sch., an ornamental pi. originally from North America, with ls turning
purple in autumn, is cultivated to ornament arbours and walls.

21 Geraniaceae.

122. Geranium. Geranium. XVI, 10. X, 8.

1. Pets acute, or rounded, or truncate at the top . 2

— Pets distinctly indented or 2-fid .... .9

2. Pets unguiculate or long cuneiform narrowed at the

base, glabr. Ann. pis with a fusiform root . . .V

Pets without, or with a short indistinct, claw, ciliate at
the base. Perenn. pis with an oblique or horizontal rt-stock

5

3. Ls angular in contour, palmatisect with 1 — 2-pinnati-
fid segments, the middle segment petioluled! Seps awned.
— Shady places, walls; everywhere. 5 Robertianum L. 438.

— FIs smaller, anthers sulphur yellow (in the last brownish

red before the pollen is shed); awns of the seps shorter.
PI. almost without any smell purpureum Vill. 438a.

— Ls roundish in contour, palmatilobed or -fid; lobes not
or scarcely reaching the centre, obtuse or truncate,
shortly 2 — 3-fid towards the top. Seps acuminate 4

9

106

Geraniaceaj.

4. Seed smooth. Seps wrinkled transversely. PI. almost glabr.
—Rocky, shady places, rare ; \V. Y. J. 5 lucidum L. 439.

— Seed reticulate-alveolar (G. molle and G. pusillum have
smooth seeds and pets distinctly indented). Seps not
wrinkled transversely. PL soft pubescent. — Stony places,
road-sides ; not everywhere (wanting in Gr. U. L. A.). 4

rotundifolium L. 440.

5 (2). Seps acuminate. Yalves of the fr. with 2 — 3 deep
wrinkles at the top. Seed smooth. Ls all altern. a. fu-
scum L. FIs dark violet. — b. lividum L’Herit. FIs dirty
lilac. — Thickets, meadows; not common and almost only
in western Switz. 5, 6 . . . . phseum L. 441.

— Seps awned. Fr. -valves not wrinkled. Seed finely dotted.

Most of the ls opp. ...... 6*

6. Stems spreading, with reflexed, glandless hairs towards
the top. FIs purple. Fr.-pedicels bent backwards, as
also the cal. — Marshy places, hedges, ditches ; distrib. 7

palustre L. 442.

— Stems erect, with hairs (gen. glandular) towards the top

7

7. Pets white, veined with red. Fr.-pedicels erect, not

glandular. Ls palmatipartite. Gr. aconitifolium L’Herit.
— Granite Alp.; G. AY. (Engadine ; Nicholaithal, Einfisch-
thal, Bagnethal, St. Bernard). 7 . rivulare Vill. 443.

— Pets violet-red, or blue. Pedicels glandular . 8

8. Fr.-pedicels erect, as also the cal. Ls palmatifid. — b. bra-

chystemon Godet. Pets shorter. Anthers yellow. — Moun¬
tain fields; distrib. 6 sylvaticum L. 444.

— Fr.-pedicels reflexed, with the cal. bent downwards,
finally erect. Ls palmatipartite, — Fertile fields; S. (in
many localities!), 5, flowers a second time in autumn

pratense L, 445.

9 (1). Ls div. to, or almost to, the base. (Seps awned) 10

— Ls not div., or scarcely to the middle . . 12

10. Pedicels 1-fld! Pets 20 mm long. Seed finely dotted.

PI. rough with long, spreading, glandless hairs. — Sunny,
stony slopes; distrib. 6 . . sanguineum L. 446.

— Pedicels (as in all the other species) 2-fld (only excep¬

tionally 1- or 3-fld). Pets 5 — 10 mm long. Seed reticulate-
alveolar! ........ 11

11. Pedicels slender, longer than the ls. Fr.-beak glabr. or

with glandless hairs pointing forwards. Stem with applied
hairs, pointing downwards. — Fields, rubbish-heaps ; dis¬
trib. 6 . columbinum L. 447.

— Pedicels shorter than the ls. Fr.-beak glabr. or with spread¬

ing glandular hairs. Stem covered with short spreading
hairs. — As the last. 6 dissectum L. 448.

Geraniace®.

107

12(9). Ls angular in contour; segments almost rhomboidal.
prolonged at the tip. Fr.-valves hairy . . 13

— Ls roundish in contour; segments obovate, obtuse or

truncate, shortly 3 — 5-fid at the tip. (Seps shortly acu¬
minate. Seed smooth) . .... 15

13. Fr. -valves wrinkled transversely. Fr. -pedicels reflexed.
Seed smooth. Seps moderately acuminate. FIs small.
Segments of the ls divergent. — Thickets, road-sides;

G. W. (between Crusch and Remus; Naters, Simplon,
Visperthaler, Vercorin, Hermance). 6 divaricatum L. 449.

— Fr.-valves smooth, or in 450 with a feeble transverse

wrinkle at the top. Fr. -pedicels almost erect. Seed finely
dotted. Seps long-awned ..... 14

14. Leaf-segments oval, acuminate, unequally and coarsely
toothed (not incised). PI. perenn., finely pubescent. Pets
of a light rose colour, 18 — 20 mm. — Woods; Lugano, .
Orsieres, Voirons, Dessenberg. 6 . nodosum L. 450.

— Leaf-segments 3-fid and inciso-dentate. PI. bienn., with
long spreading and glandular hairs. Pets 9 — 10 mm,
ciliate, violet-blue. — Mountain woods, especially in neigh¬
bourhoods where charcoal is burnt; Lens, Joux-brdlee,
Alp. de Morcles, Pencec in the Einfischthal. 7

bohemicum L. 451.

15 (12). Fr.-valves wrinkled transversely, glabr. Most of the
ls altern. FIs purple, smaller than in G. pyrenaicum, larger
than in G. pusillum; distinguished from the last also by
its long-haired stems. Comp. 440. — Road-sides; rubbish-
heaps; distrib. 5 . molle L. 452.

— Fr.-valves (when fresh) not wrinkled transversely, gen.
hairy. Most of the Is opp. ..... 1G

16. Pets 8—10 mm long, violet-red, with a small tuft above
the claw. Stem pubescent and at the same time villous. PI.
perenn. (with the remnants of last year’s ls at the base).

— Road-sides, railway embankments; fairly distrib. 5

pyrenaicum L. 453.

— Pets 4 — 5 mm long, violet-blue, with a finely ciliate claw.

Stem covered with an extremely short pubescence (al¬
most velvety). PI. ann. Comp. 440 and 452. — Road-sides,
rubbish-heaps; distrib. 5 . . pusillum L. 454.

123. Erodium. Erodium. XVI, 10. X, 8.

1. Leaf-segments more or less closely set, sessile, gen.
pinnatifid almost to the middle nerve, gen. with inciso-
dentate lobes. — b. chcerophyllum Dec. L. -segments and
their lobes more distant, the latter more acute; pets
not dotted. — Fields, road-sides, rubbish-heaps; distrib. 4

cicutarium L’Herit. 455.

108

Balsamineee. Oxalidese. Rutacese.

— Leaf-segments rather loosely set, often shortly petioluled,
only inciso-dentate. Pl. more robust than the last, smell¬
ing of musk, often covered with glandular hairs. Sti¬
pules broader. — As the last; but rare and variable. 5

f moschatum L’Herit. 456.

22. Balsamineae.

124. Impatiens. Touch-me-not. Y, 12.

1. FIs suspended, large, with a curved spur. — Damp, shady
places; distrib. 6, 7 . . . noli tangere L. 457.

— FIs erect, smaller than in the last, with a straight spur.

— Road-sides, rubbish-heaps; naturalised near Rolle,
Geneva, Weissenburg Canton Bern, Solothurn, Glarus,
Zurich. 6. 7 . * parviflora Dec, 458.

23. Oxalideae.

125. Oxalis. Oxalis. XVI, 7. X, 13.

1. Peduncles radical. Pets white, veined with rose, with a
spot of yellow at the base, more rarely entirely rose-
coloured. — Cool, shady places ; distrib. 4 Acetosella L. 459.

— Peduncles springing from the leaf-axils, 2 — 5-fld. Pets

yellow ......... 2

2. Ls exstip. Pedicels erect-spreading after the time of

flowering. Stem gen. solitary, almost erect, with sub¬
terranean, rather fleshy stolons. — Cultivated places; na¬
turalised. 6 ..... stricta L. 460.

— Ls with very small stipules. Pedicels bent back after
the flowering, with erect fr. Stems several, spreading,
rooting, but without subterranean stolons. — As the last;
Tess. otherwise sometimes adventitious. 6

corniculata L. 461.

24. Rutaceae.

126. Ruta. Rue. VIII, 1. X, 9.

1. FIs yellow. Ls 2 — 3-pinnatipartite. R. graveolens auct.
— Rocky places ; T. W. Grandson, Neuchatel. 6

hortensis Mill. 462.

127. Dictamnus. Fraxinella. X, 9.

1. FIs rose-coloured. Ls imparipinnate, resembling those
of the ash. — Stony mountain slopes; T. W. S. 5, 6

albus L. 463.

Celastrace®. Rhamnace®.

109

25. Celastraceae.

128. Staphylea. Bladdernut. Y, 137.

1. Ls pinnate, with 5 — 7 opp., toothed leaflets. FIs white,
in pendant racemes. — Thickety hills; not common and
in part only escaped from cultivation. 5 pinnata L. 404.

129. Evonymus. Spindle-tree. YI, 8. Y, 8.

1. Branches 4-angular. Pets oblong, gen. 4. — Woods, hedges;
everywhere. 4 .... europaeus L. 465.

— Branches cylindric, rather compressed. Pets roundish,
gen. 5. — As the last; T. 0. U. L. Z. A. 5

latifolius Scop. 466.

26. Rhamnacese.

130. Rhamnus. Buckthorn. IV, 8. Y, 11. XXII, 13.

1. Ls (of the present year’s branches) more or less opp.

Twigs terminating in a spine .... 2

— Ls altern. Twigs not terminating in a spine . H

2. Petioles 2 — 3 times as long as the (decid.) stipules. Ls
oval or elliptic, the base rounded or slightly cordate.
— Stony, wooded places ; distrib. 5 cathartica L. 467.

— Petioles as long as, or only slightly longer than, the sti¬
pules. Ls elliptic-lanceolate, narrowed at the base. —
Stony calc, hills; rare; G. T. Zurich. S. 4, 5

saxatilis L. 468.

3. Ls with about 9 — 15 almost straight lateral nerves on
each side of the middle nerve. An erect shrub. — Sunny,
rocky slopes of the Alp. and Jura, up to the foot of
the mount.; (wanting in G. A.). 5, 6 alpina L. 469.
Ls with 4 — 6 slightly curved lateral nerves on each side
of the middle nerve. Small shrubs with branches closely
applied to the rocks. — Rocky places of the Alp. and
subalp. on calc. ; Jura (Mont d’Or). 6 pumila Turr. 470-

131. Frangula. Alder Buckthorn. Y, 11.

1. Twigs not spiny, dotted with white. Ls elliptic, entire.
Rhamnus Frangula L. — Hedges, thickets; distrib. 5

Ainus Mill. 471.

132. Zizyphus. Zizyphus. Y, 10.

1. FIs almost sessile. Z. sativa Gartn. — Thickets; T. W.,
escaped from cultivation. 6 . t vulgaris Lam. 472.

no

Terebinthaceae. Papilionaceae.

133. Paliurus. Paliurus. V, 10.

1. FIs peduncled. — Hedges; T. escaped from gardens. 6

f australis Gartn. 473.

27. Terebinthaceae.

134. Rhus. Sumach. V, 137.

1. Ls obovate, obtuse, entire. Venus’s sumach. — Hills; T.
W. (Lugano; Leuk, Martigny). 6 . . Cotinus L. 474.

OBS. Rh. Toxicodendron L., Eh. typliina L. &c. are also found in
shrubberies.

28. Papilionaceae.

135. Ulex. Furze. XYI, 14.

1. Ls simple. Very spiny shrubs, bearing some resemblance
to the Juniper tree. FIs yellow. — Very rare, certainly
spontaneous near San Bernardo (Tess.). 5

europseus L. 475.

126. Sarothamnus. Sarothamnus. XYI, 15.

1. Ls partly ternate, partly simple. FIs yellow. — Wooded
hills; transalp. Switz., rare on this side of the Alps.
W. V. B. J. L. U. A. 5 . . scoparius Koch. 476.

137. Genista. Genista. XYI, 16.

1. Stem creeping; branches with foliaceous wings.
— Hills, wood-sides; in particular parts (wanting in G.
T. TJ. L. A.). 5 sagittalis L. 477.

— Stem not creeping; branches not winged . . 2

2- Upper cal. -lip with 2 short teeth. Pedicels about 8 times

as long as the cal. Gr. Halleri Reyn. — Jura (Vaud, Neu-
chatel). 6 . decumbens Ait. 478.

— Upper cal.-lip div. almost to the base ... 3

3. Stem spiny, leafless at the base. — Wood-sides; not every¬
where (wanting in U. L. A.). 6 . germanica L. 479.

— Stem not spiny ....... 4z

4. Standard and keel silky. — Jura (from Geneva to Bale). 5

pilosa L. 480.

— Pets glabr. Type of G. tinctoria .... 3

5. Pods glabr., rarely covered with applied or villous hairs.
Ls lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate. — a. Stem and Is
covered with applied hairs. Pods glabr. — b. lasiogyna
Grnil. The same characters but pods covered with ap¬
plied hairs. — c. Marii Favrat (insubrica Briigg.!) As the

Papilionace*.

Ill

form a., but Is narrower, racemes slighter and fls smaller,
d. manti<a Poll. (Perreymondi Lois.) Stems and Is with
spreading hairs. Pods villous. — Wooded hills; a. distrib.
b. between Yernayaz and Salvan; c. and d. Tess. 6

tinctoria L. 481.

Pods villous. Stems and Is covered with short, spreading
hairs. Ls broader than in the last, racemes shorter, often
simple. — S. (Wangenthal). 6 . . ovata W. K. 482.

138. Cytisus. Broom. XVI, 16.

1. Ls opp. ; leaflets linear, decid . — Hills ; central Wallis

from the Sionne to Lens, 0 . . radiatus Koch. 483.

— Ls alternate ........ 2

2. Cal.-tube long (the lips shorter than the tube) . 3

— Oal.-tube short ...... 4

3. Fls only lateral, the herbaceous branches always

without late terminal fls. — Hills; T. (S. Salvadore and
between Ascona and Ronco). 5, 6 . hirsutus L. 484.

The later fls, at any rate, in an umbellate head, termin¬
ating the new, herbaceous branches. C. prostratus Koch
(the first fls in a lateral raceme). C. capitatus Koch
(lateral fls 0). - Hills; T. 5 (lateral fls), 6, 7 (terminal fls)

capitatus Grab. 485.

4. Fls in lateral fascicles, with long pedicels. — T. (Calbege). 5

glabrescens Sart. 486.
Fls in leafless racemes ...... 3

5. Racemes erect, or only slightly inclined. Shrubs attain¬
ing as much as 1 m in height. — v. nana Favrat in.! only
half a foot high, racemes shorter, more stunted, leaflets
more acute (Tess.); — Stony wooded slopes; G. T. W. Z.
S. (southern and northern Switz.). 6 nigricans L. 487.

— Racemes drooping. Trees or large sbrubs . . O

6. Pods (ovaries) silky. Leaflets covered with applied hairs. —
Mountain woods; Tess.; Saleve, Reculet; ornamental

trees. 5, 6 . Laburnum L. 488.

Pods (ovaries) glabr. Leaflet hairy only at the edges.
Racemes longer. Fls smaller and of a darker yellow
than in the last. — Mountain woods; G. T. W. Y. B. 0.
rather later than the last . . alpinus Mill. 489

OBS. C. sessilifolius L. only in shrubberies.

139. Ononis. Rest-harrow. XVI, 13.

1. Fls solitary (rarely 2 together) close in the leaf-axils.

Pods erect, oval, not or only slightly longer than the cal.

•>

— Fls 1 — 3 together on a common peduncle which is longer

than a leaf. Pods pendant, oblong-linear, much longer
than the cal. ....... 4

112

Papilionacete.

2. Cor. yellow, shorter than, or scarcely as long as, the cal.

Stipules lanceolate, brownish. Stems 10 — 20cm long.—
Hills; T. W. V. 6 . • . . Columnse All. 490.

— Cor. rose-coloured (rarely white or violet), longer than
the cal. Stipules demi-oval, herbaceous. Stems 40 — 10cm3

3. Cal. enlarged at maturity, longer than the pod. Stem
prostrate or ascending, with or without simple spiny
branches. Leaflets oval, pubescent-glandular. 0. repens
Koch. — Varied with violet fls, also b. fallax (0. mitis
Gmel. ? O. hircina auct. helv. non Jacq.). Stem erect,
almost without spines, leaflets larger.— Road- and field-
sides; everywhere; b. Graub., Tess., Wall. 6

procurrens Wallr. 491.

— Cal. almost unaltered at maturity, shorter or barely so

long as the pod. Stem ascending, always with spiny
(often geminate) branches. Leaflets oblong, not very
hairy. — Road-sides, dry pasturages; as a rule less com¬
mon than the last 6 spinosa Wallr. 492.

4(1). Fls yellow, streaked with red veins. Leaflets oblong.
— Gravelly places; T. W. V. 6 . Natrix L. 493.

— Fls rose-coloured. Leaflets large, almost orbicular. — As

the last; G. T. W. V. B. A. 5 . rotundifolia L. 494.

140. Anthyllis. Kidney-Vetch. XVI, 12.

1. Ls with 1 — 5 pairs of leaflets; leaflets unequal, the

terminal one much larger (sometimes the only one
present). Fls yellow. — b. alpestris Heg. Fls whitish or
pale yellow, more or less tinted with red, or (v. Dille-
niiSchult. ?) entirely red. — Dry meadows, slopes; every¬
where; b. Central and southern Alp.; with red fls near
Zermatt. 5 . . . * . . Vulneraria L. 495.

2. Ls with 10 — 13 pairs of leaflets; leaflets almost equal.

Fls red. — Rocky places of the Jura (Creux du Van, Dole),
Saleve. 6 . montana L. 496.

141. Medicago. Medick. XVII, 8.

1. Fls of moderate size (8— 12 mm). Perenn. pis with ob¬
long-cuneiform or linear-cuneiform leaflets . 2

— Fls small (yellow). Ann. pis with obovate or rhomboidal-

obovate leaflets . 3

2. Fls violet, blue or lilac. Pod twisted spirally with IV2 — 3
turns. Lucerne. — Cultivated and subspontaneous. 6

sativa L. 497.

— Fls of a more or less vivid yellow. Pod sickle-shaped,

or with only 3 4 of a turn. Stems most commonly pro¬
strate. Racemes and bracts shorter than in the last. —
Road-sides, slopes; distrib. 5 . . falcata L. 498.

Papilionacen?.

113

— FIs variegated with dirty yellow, green and violet, also

copper-coloured. Pods with 14/2 — 2 turns. M. media Pers.,
falcata-sativa. — As the last and common in particular
places. 6 . * varia Mart. 499.

3. Peduncles many-fld, fls forming a head. Pods without

prickles, with one turn at the top. — Fields, road-sides;
everywhere. 5 .... Lupulina L. 500.

— Peduncles 2 — 7-fld. Pods prickly, with 2 — 5 turns 4

4. Common peduncle V2 — Vs the length of a leaf, with
jointed hairs. Leaflets marked with a brown spot — Aigle,
Lausanne (adventitious), Zofingen. 5 *maculata Willd. 501.

— Common peduncle about as long as a leaf . . 5

5 Stipules entire or with short teeth. Pods gen. with 5

turns. PI. pubescent or gray-tomentose (v. mollissima
Spr.) — Sunny places, hills; G. W. Y. J. Z. A. S. 5

minima Bartal. 502.

— Stipules deeply pinnatifid. Pod with 2 — 3 (D'2 — 31 2)
turns. Pis more or less glabr. Type of M. hispida Gurtn.
(Urb.) ......... (i

6. Fr. -spines fairly straight, shorter than half the diameter
of the pod. — Among corn, road-sides, adventitious and
variable; Osterfingen, Hinweil, Montreux, Aigle, Bex. 6

*apiculata Willd. 503.

— Fr. -spines hooked at the top, as long as half the dia¬

meter of the pod.— As the last; Schaffh.! Aarburg, Aigle,
Zofingen. 6 * denticulata Willd. 504.

142. Trigonella. Trigonel. XVII, 9.

1. Fls yellow, in few-fld, almost sessile umbels. Pods veined
transversely, with a short beak. Resembling 502- — Dry
hills; W. (Branson, Iserabloz, Sion, St. Nicolas). 5

monspeliaca L. 505.

— Fls blue, in many-fld racemes with long peduncles. Pods

veined longitudinally, with a long beak. Resembling
497. Melilotus coerulea Lam. — Cultivated in some parts
(Glarus, March) for use in the making of green cheese
(Schabzieger). 6 . . . t coerulea Ser. 506.

143. Melilotus. Melilot. XVII, 9.

1. Fls white. -Road-sides, river-sides; almost everywhere. 7

alba Desr. 507.

— Fls yellow ........ 2

2. Racemes dense, short. Fls very small (2 — 2!/2 mm). Pods

almost globular, obtuse. Stems 1 — 3 dm. — Vevey, Geneva,
Neucliatel. 6 .... "parviffora Gesf. 508.

— Racemes at last elongated, lax. Fls rather larger. Pods

oval, pointed ...... 3

114

Papilionaceae.

3. Wings longer than the keel. Pods glabr. Stems ascend¬
ing, 3 — 6 dm. M. officinalis Desr. — Road-sides, rubbish-
heaps; almost everywhere. 7 . . arvensis Wallr. 509.

Wings as long as the keel. Pods with applied pubes¬
cence. Stems almost erect, taller than in the last. M. ma-
crorrhiza Koch. — Rather damp, gravelly places; distrib. 7

altissima Thuill. 510.

144. Trifolium. Clover. XVII, 7.

1. FIs red, white or yellowish white ... 2

— FIs yellow, becoming brown at a later period . 21

2. FIs sessile or very shortly pedicelled (pedicelled in a

monstrous form of T. pratense!) ... . 3

— FIs with long or short pedicels .... 15

3. Cal. swollen out like a bladder after flowering, net-

veined. (FIs rose-coloured) ..... 4

Cal. not swollen out like a bladder after flowering 5

4. Stem prostrate and rooting. FIs not inverted. — Damp
pasturages, road-sides; distrib. 6 . fragiferum L. 511.

— Stem ascending, not rooting. FIs inverted (the standard

lowest). — Southern Europe; waste-ground near Geneva
and Zurich (adventitious). 6 . * resupinatum L. 512.

5. Stems and Is glabr. (occasionally rather hairy). Heads

oblong-cylindric. FIs purple. — Wooded hills; distrib.
but not common. 6 rubens L. 513.

— Stems and Is more or less hairy . ... 8

6. Cal. as long or longer or very slightly shorter than the

cor. (Cor. whitish or pale rose-coloured) . . 7

— Cal. distinctly shorter than cor. (in 518 only Vs shorter) 10

7. Heads long-cylindric, very villous, unprotected at the

base (without invol. bracts), those of the axils peduncled.
— Meadows, distrib. 7 arvense L. 514.

Heads globular or ovoid, surrounded at the base by in¬
vol. bracts, almost all sessile . ... 8

8. Cal. -teeth erect at maturity. Leaflets with scarcely-visible
lateral nerves. — Alp.; W. (Simplon, Saas, Nicolaithal). 7

saxatile All. 515-

Cal. -teeth spreading at maturity. Leaflets with very dis¬
tinct lat. nerves ....... 9

9. Lateral nerves of the leaflets fairly straight (towards
the edge). Tube of the fr.-cal. swollen out, with subulate,
spreading teeth. — Dry, stony places, rare; W. Y. J. 6

striatum L. 516.

— Lat. nerves of the leaflets thickened towards the edge
and arched outwards ! Tube of the fr.-cal. tubular,
scarcely swollen, the teeth lanceolate-subulate, stiff, curved
outwards. — As the last; T. W. Y. J. 6 scabrum L. 517.

Papilionaceae

115

10(6). Upper Is altern. Ann. pi. FIs of a dark blood-red,
rarely (b. Moline rii Balb.) of a more or less pinky-
white. — Cultivated and sometimes subspontaneous. 6

f incarnatum L. 518.

— Upper Is opp. Perenn. pis (except 522) . . 11

11. Cal.-teeth almost equal. FIs white ... 17

— Cal.-teeth unequal ....... 12

12 FIs yellowish-white. Cal.-teeth lanceolate-subulate, the

lower (odd) one bent back at maturity. — Pasturages;
here and there (wanting in G. T.). (5 ochroleucum L. 519.

• — FIs rose-coloured, rarely varied to white or dirty white.
Cal.-teeth filiform, or subulate-filiform, erect . Vi

13. Cal.-tube glabr. Stipules lanceolate, narrowed insensibly

to a point, more herbaceous than in T. pratense. —
Hills; wood-sides; distrib. 6 . . medium L. 520.

— Cal.-tube hairy ....... 14

14. Leaflets narrow, oblong-lanceolate, distinctly denticulate.
Stipules lanceolate-subulate, narrowed insensibly. PI.
without a central rosette, with a central stem. — Hills;
here and there (wanting in U. L.). 6 alpestre L. 521.

— Leaflets broader, oval or rhomboidal-oval, with entire
or indistinctly denticulate edge. Stipules demi-oval, sud¬
denly narrowed to an awn. PI. with a central rosette
and lateral stems. — b. peduncu/atum Ser. (sativum Rclib.?)
Heads with fairly long peduncles (without invols); fls
paler; rad. Is gen. withered. (Yevey!) — c. nivale Sieb.
Alpine form with thicker, dirty white or rose-coloured
heads. — Plains, pasturages; everywhere, also cultivated. 5

prafense L. 522.

15 (2). Heads few-fld , lower tooth of the cal. distinctly
longer than the others. Fls very large, about 20 min long,
rose-coloured, very rarely yellowish-white. — Alp. 6

alpinum L. 523.

— Heads many-fld. Cal.-teeth of equal length or the 2

upper ones longer . . . . . .Id

16. Pedicels not deflexed after flowering (except sometimes

the lower ones). Common peduncles rising from the
root-stock. T. csespitosum Reyn. — Alp. and Jura (Dole,
Marchairuz, and Mont Tendre). 7 . . Thalii Vill. 524.

— Pedicels deflexed after flowering ... 17

17. Cal.-teeth of equal length. Leaflets hairy underneath,

closely nerved at the edge. — Pasturages, especially of
the mountains; distrib. 6 . . monlanum L. 525.

— Cal.-teeth unequal, the 2 upper ones longer. Leaflets

gen. glabr. ..... ... IS

18. The 2 upper cal.-teeth contiguous, separated by an acute

sinus which is not so deep as the others . . V>

116

Papilionaceae.

— The 2 upper cal.-teeth diverging from the base, separated

by a rounded sinus which is as deep or deeper than
the others. Type of T. hybridum .... 20

19. Stems prostrate and rooting. FIs white or slightly tinged
with rose. — Grassy places, road-sides; everywhere. 5

repens L. 526.

— Stems prostrate but not rooting. FIs of a yellowish-white.

T. glareosum Schleich? — Granite Alp., fairly rare; G.
T. AY. 0. 7 . . . pallescens Schreb. 527.

20. FIs at first white, changing to rose. Stems erect or as¬
cending, hollow. — Damp meadows, water-side, rare; T.
AY.? Y. B. J. S. A.; also sometimes adventitious. 6

hybridum L. 528.

— FIs rose-coloured from the first, rarely white or yellowish-
white. Stems prostrate or ascending, not or scarcely
hollow. Heads smaller than in the last. — Pasturages,
road-sides, ornamental fields, rare and gen. adventitious;
See N. Beitr. II. 4, 7. T. A7. B. J. Z. S. A.

elegans Sav. 529.

21 (1). Upper Is almost opp. Axillary heads gen. only 1 — 3

22

— Ls all altern. Axillary heads several . . . 23

22. Heads at last long-cylindric. FIs turning to a deep

chestnut-brown.— Alp. AY. Y. 7 . spadiceum L. 530.

— Heads at last ovoid-globular. FIs turning light brown.

— Alp., subalp. and Jura. 6 . . badium Schreb. 531.

23. Heads composed of 5 — 15 fls .... 24

— Heads composed of 20 — 50 fls ... 25

24. Fls pale-yellow. Standard almost smooth. Style about

V4 the length of the pod. T. filiforme Koch. — Meadows,
grassy places; distrib: 5 . . minus Reih. 532.

Fls golden yellow. Standard furrowed. Style about as
long as the pod. — Pasturages of Italian Switz. 6

patens Schreb. 533.

25 Stipules demi-oval, broader at the base. The middle
leaflet with a distinctly longer petiole than the 2 lateral
ones. T. procumbens Koch. — a. majus. Heads larger with
a common peduncle as long as, or only slightly longer
than the ls. — b. minus. T. Schreberi Jord.). Heads smaller
with fls of a paler yellow; common peduncle as much
as twice the length of the ls. — Fields, especially after
mowing (a); road-sides and grassy places (b); distrib. 5— 8

campestre Schreb, 534.
Stipules oblong-lanceolate, not enlarged at the base.
Leaflets almost equally shortly petioluled. T. agrarium
Koch. — AYood clearings; distrib. but not common. 6

aiireum Poll. 535.

Papilionacea'.

117

145. Dorycnium. Dorycnium. XVII, 6.

1. Stems suffrutescent. Leaflets linear-cuneiform. — Hills,
only near Chur. 6 . . suffruticosum Vill. 536.

Stems herbaceous. Leaflets oblong-cuneiform, almost twice
as broad as in the last. — Tess. (Lugano, Meride). 6

herbaceum Vill. 537.

146. Lotus. Lotus. XVII, 5.

1. Cal. -teeth reflexed before flowering. Umbels 6 — 15-fld.

Stem cylindric, with a wide hollow. — Marshy places;
distrib. 7 . uliginosus Schk. 538.

— Cal. -teeth connivent before flowering. Umbels 2 — 6-fld.

Stem angular, solid or with a narrow hollow . *>

2. Leaflets obliquely obovate, or oblong-obovate. b. jiilosus
(villosus auct. not Thuill.). PI. more erect, villous. —
Pasturages, road-sides; everywhere; b. W. T. Y. 5

corniculatus L. 539.

— Leaflets oblong-linear or linear, rather thicker than in

the last; stems slenderer,— Damp, grassy places, water¬
side, rare. T. W. V. J. 6 . . . tenuis L. 540.

147. Tetragonolobus. Tetragonolobus. XVII, 5.

1. FIs sulphur yellow, solitary, with long peduncles. —
Damp meadows; distrib. 6 . . sil iquosus Roth. 541.

147*. Glycyrrhiza. Glycyrrhiza. XVII, 16a.

1. FIs lilac. Leaflets 11 — 17, viscous underneath. — The
hill Valeria near Sion (already in Heg. Beitr., recentlv
found again). 6 f glabra L. 542.

148. Colutea. Bladder Senna. XVII, 14.

1. FIs yellow. Pods closed at the top. — Hills; G. W. Y.
Neuchatel, Uri (Axen), A. (Gonzen district). 5. — The
C . orientalis Mill, (cruenta Ait.) which resembles it, has
pods open at the top, and is cultivated in shrubberies

arborescens L. 543.

149. Robinia. Robinia. XVII, 14.

1. FIs white. — Cultivated and propagating itselfspontaneously
by subterranean runners, but not by seeds. 6. — R. glu-
tinosct Sims, and R. hispida L. are also found in shrub¬
beries, both having rose-coloured fls Pseudacacia L. 544.

150. Phaca. Phaca. XVII, 18.

1. Ls with 9 — 11 pairs of leaflets. Stipules linear-lanceo¬
late. Stem branched, 30 — 45 cm long. — Alp. 7

alpina Wulf. 545.

118

Papilionacere.

— Ls with 4 — 5 pairs of leaflets. Stipules oval, foliaceous

Stem simple, 20 — 30 cm. — Alp. 7 . . fiigida L. 546.

151. Oxytropis. Oxytrope. XVII, 17.

1. Pods 2-celled, i. e. the two sutures bent inwards so as
to form a complete septum. FIs violet. Stemless pis,
villous-silky, or (b . velutinci Sieb.) villous-wooly or (c.
intricans Thom.) more sparsely hairy or nearly glabr. —
Alp., rare; variety b. in Wall, also in the valley (Saxon,
&c.); c. Lower-Engadine, Miinsterthal, Pilatus. 4 — 6

Halleri Bunge. 547.

— Pods 2-celled. FIs yellowish. Stem 20 — 40 cm, erect. —
Stony places; G. T. W. St. Gallen, Holientwiel. 5

pilosa Dec. 548.

— Pods half 2-celled, the upper suture only indexed 2

2. Pods sessile (in the cal.). Stemless pis . . 3

— Pods stipitate. Stem present but sometimes short, or

indeed 0. (FIs violet or blue) 4

3. PI. with glandular hairs, FIs yellowish-white. — High Alp.;

W. (southern chain). 6 . . . foetida Dec. 549.

— Pis without glandular hairs. FIs yellowish, rarely partly
or entirely violet (b. sordida Gaud.). Alp. 6

campestris Dec. 550.

4. Carpophore (stalk of the pod) as long as the cal. -tube.

Cal.-teeth only attaining 1/4 or at most 1/s the length
of the cal. -tube. O. Jacquini Bunge. — b. sericea (montana
Dec.). Ls almost gray-silky. — Alp. and Jura (Reculet,
Colombier). 7 . montana Dec. 551.

— Carpophore only the length of the cal.-tube. Cal.-

teeth as long or almost as long as the tube . 3

5. Pods erect. Resembling the last, but the pi. gen. stem-

less, gray-silky all over, keel with a longer point. 0.
cyanea auct. not Bieb. 0. Gaudini Bunge. — Alp. W.
(Nicolaithal and Bagnethal). 7 . neglecta Gay. 552.

— Pods pendant. Distinguished also from 0. montana by
the longer cal.-teeth. — Alp.; G. W. (Albula, Simplon;
Saas, val du Dix, Bagne, St. Bernard). 0. (Faulhorn). 7

lapponica Gay.*) 553.

152. Astragalus. Milk-Vetch. XVII, 18.

1. Wings deeply incised or 2-fid. Ls with 4—8 pairs of
leadets. FIs variegated with white and violet. Phaca
australis L.— Alp. 7 . . australis Peterm. 554.

— Wings undiv., obtuse . . . . ... 2

*) The plant of Mt. Generoso appears to be allied to O. corinthiaca
Fisch.— Oost. See N. Beitr. Ill, 7.

4

Papilionacea'.

119

2. Ls paripinnate, the petiole terminated by a spine in¬
stead of a terminal leaflet. — Alp. and subalp. ; W. Y. B. 5, (i

aristatus L'Herit. 555.

— Ls imparipinnate, not spiny .....#

3. Stipules united to the petiole almost to the middle.

(Pis almost or entirely stemless) 4

— Stipules entirely free, or united to the petiole only by

their base ........ 5

4. FIs yellow, clustered on the rt-stock. — Subalp. W. 5

exscapus L. 556.

— FIs red with peduncles at least as long as the ls. —
Gravelly places ; G. T. W. Y. 5 monspessulanum L. 557.

5. Keel about as long as the standard. Ls with 7 — 11 pairs
of leaflets. FIs variegated with white and violet. Pods
pendant. Pliaca astragalina Dec.— Alp. 7 alpinus L. 558.

— Keel at least Vs shorter than the standard . . G

6. FIs red, blue or violet . . .... 7

— FIs yellow or yellowish-white . ... S

7. Standard V3 or 1/4 longer than, the wings. Ls with 6 — 10

pairs of leaflets. — Alp.; W. 6 . leontinus Wulf. 559.

— Standard narrower than in the last, twice as long as

the wings. Ls with 8 — 12 pairs of leaflets. — Grassy places:
T. G. \V. 5 . Onobrychis L. 560.

8. Stem 0, or very short. Terminal leaflet very shortly,

and not longer petioluled than the others, — Alp.; T.
W. Y. B. 0. 5, 6 . . . . depressus L. 561.

— Stem 3 — 15 dm. Term, leaflet with a long petioluled, dis¬
tinctly longer than the others .... U

9. Ls with 5—6 pairs of leaflets. Pods 3-cornered, linear,

glabr. PI. almost glabr., 50 — 100cm. — Wood-sides, thickets;
distrib. 6 . glycyphyllus L. 562.

— Ls with 8 — 12 pairs of leaflets. Pods almost globular,

rough. PI. with applied pubescence, 40 — 60 cm. — Grassy
hills; rare; G. W. Y. B. J. S. 6 . . Cicer L. 563.

153. Coronilla. Coronilla. XVII, 12.

1, FIs variegated with red and white; keel gen. with a
blackish-violet tip. Lswith6 — 12 pairs of leaflets. — Pastur¬
ages, wood-sides, gen. not uncommon (wanting in A.). 6

varia L. 564.

— FIs yellow. Ls with 3 — 7 pairs of leaflets . . 2

2. Claws of the pets 2 — 3 times as long as the cal., pets

therefore appearing stipitate. Ls with 2 — 4 pairs of
leaflets. Shrubs of 100—150 cm. — Stony, wooded slopes;
fairly distrib. 4, 5 .... Emerus L. 565.

— Claws of pets only about as long as the cal. Ls with 3 — 7

pairs of leaflets. Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent,
20 — 60 cm ........ ti

120

Papilionaceaj.

3. Pedicels 3 times as long as the cal. -tube. Umbels 15 —

30-fld. — As the last; almost throughout the whole Jura;
Graub. 6 ... • • . montana Scop. 566.

Pedicels as long or slightly longer than the cal. -tube.
Umbels 5— 15-fld. ....... 4

4, Stipules almost as large as the leaflets ; the lowest pair
of leaflets far from the stem. Differing from 570 in the
shorter claws of the pets, shorter cal.-teeth, and leaflets
rather thicker, glaucous, with white edges. — Rocky places
of the Alp., subalp. and Jura, on limestone. 5, 6

vaginalis Lam. 567.

Stipules much smaller than the leaflets, the lower pair
of leaflets close to the stem. As the last; W. (Pfynwald,
Nioux, Varen). 5 ... minima L. 568.

154. Ormthopus. Bird’s-foot. XVII, 11.

1. FIs small, whitish, the standard streaked with red. Ls
with 7 — 12 pairs of leaflets. — Dry pasturages; Reiden,
Canton Lucerne, formerly also near Bale. 5

perpifsillus L. 569.

155. Hippocrepis. Horse-shoe-Vetch. XVII, 12.

1. FIs yellow. Pets unguiculate. Ls with 5 — 8 pairs of
leaflets. — Dry sunny places; distrib. 5 comosa L. 570.

156. Hedysarum. Hedysarum. XVII, 16.

1 FIs red. Pods pendant. Ls with 5 — 9 pairs of leaflets.
Alp. 7 . obsciirum L. 571.

157. Onobrychis. Sainfoin. XVII, 15.

1. The middle teeth of the lower, keeled, edge of the pod
as long as the breadth of the keel. Stem prostrate. 0.
Gaudini Jord. — Sandy hills; AV. T. ? 6 arenaria Dec. 572.

— The teeth of the lower, keeled, edge of the pod half as

long as the breadth of the keel . ... 2

2. Stems erect or ascending, 20 — 60 cm. Leaflets linear-

oblong. 0. sativa Lam. — Dry hills, pasturages; also
cultivated. 5 . viciaefolia Scop. 573.

— Stems prostrate or ascending, 10 — 20 cm. Leaflets shorter

and broader than in the last. FIs smaller. — Alp., subalp.
and Jura. 7 . montana Dec. 574.

158. Cicer. Sweet Vetch. XVII, 10.

1, FIs solitary in the leaf-axils. Leaflets toothed. — Rarely
(e. g. in Tess.) cultivated, and occasionally subspon-
taneous. 6 . f arietinum L. 575.

PapilionacefB.

121

159. Vicia. Vetch. XVII, 20.

1. FIs in racemes (sometimes few-, or 1-fld) with long

peduncles. Peduncle, together with the raceme, at
least 2/3 the length of the leaf . ... 2

— FIs in shortly peduncled racemes, or either single

or geminate, sessile in the 1. -axils ... 14

2. Racemes few- (t— G) fid. FIs rather small, 3 — 10mm.

Ervi spec. auct. ....... 3

— Racemes many- (6 — 30) fld. FIs moderately large, 12 to

25 mm . 7

3. Ls with 8 — 12 pairs of leaflets; common petiole termin¬

ated by a simple point. Pods sinuate, lumpy (contracted
between the seeds).— Among corn; rare and probably
adventitious. 7 t Lrvilia Willd. 57G.

— Ls with 3 — 10 pairs of leaflets; petioles of the upper

ls terminated by a (gen. branched) tendril . . 4

4. Cal. -teeth as long as, or longer than, the cor. . .•>

— Cal. -teeth distinctly shorter than the cor. (Pods glabr.) (i

5. Racemes 1 — 3-fld. Pods glabr. Seeds compressed, lentil¬
shaped. Ls with 3 - G pairs of leaflets. Lentil. Lens escu-
lentaMonch. — Fields ; cultivated, rarely subspontaneous. G

t Lens Coss. Germ. 577.

— Racemes 1 — 3-fld. Pods hairy (rarely varied with pods
glabr.). Seeds almost globular. Ls with 5 — 10 pairs of
leaflets. — Fields; hedges; distrib. 4, 5

hirsuta Monch. 578.

6. Racemes about the length of the ls, not awned. Pods
gen. with 4 seeds. Hilum linear-oblong. — Fields; distrib. 5

tetrasperma Schreb. 579.

— Racemes finally twice as long as the ls, awned. Pods

gen.- with 6 (5 — 8) seeds. Hilum round- oval. FIs larger
than in the last. — Cornfields; near Yverdon (probably
adventitious). 6 * gracilis Lois. 580.

7 (2). FIs greenish yellow. Ls with 4 — 5 pairs of leaflets;
leaflets oval, large. — Chestnut woods ; W. (near Fully). 5

pisiformis L. 581.

— FIs red, violet, blue, or variegated ... 8

8. Style bearded below the stig. Racemes 5 — 12-fld f)

— Style uniformly hairy all round the upper part, or

scarcely bearded. Racemes many-(12 — 30) fld . 10

9. Ls with 5 — 7 pairs of leaflets; leaflets linear-lanceolate.

Stipules semi-hastate, near the middle of the stem deeply
2—3-toothed. FIs purple-violet, as large as in 596. —
Slopes; W. 5 ... onobrychioides L. 582.

10

122

Papilionacese.

— Ls with 4 — 5 pairs of leaflets; leaflets oval or oval-ob¬
long. Stipules lialf-moon-shaped, with hair-like points,
5 — 7-toothed. FIs violet-red, later dirty yellow-red. —
Mountain woods; here and there; distrib. 6

dumetorum L 583,

10. Stipules lialf-moon-shaped, inciso-dentate. Ls with 5 — 9
pairs of oblong leaflets. FIs beautifully variegated with
white and violet. PI. glabr. — As the last. 6, 7

sylvatica L. 584.

— Stipules semi-liastate, the upper ones also lanceolate, en¬

tire. Ls with 6 — 15 pairs of linear, or linear-oblong
leaflets. FIs blue or blue-violet 11

11. Standard indented on each side in its upper third
part; the lower part (the claw) twice as long as the
upper. Cal. distinctly bossed at the base. Pods almost
rhomboidal. Ann. or bienn. pi. Y. villosa glabrescens
Koch ; the true villosa, which is not found in Switz., is easily
distinguished by its soft, spreading villosity, and by its
long, narrow cal. -teeth. — Among the corn, and in arti¬
ficial meadows, rare and gen. variable; G. Y. J. S. 6

varia Host. 585.

— Standard indented on each side, in the middle or

lower third part; the lower part as long as, or shorter
than, the upper. Cal. not bossed. Pods linear-oblong.
Perenn. pis. Type of \ . Cracca .... 12

12. Carpophore (stalk of the pod above the cal.) longer than

the cal.-tube. PI. covered with a spreading villosity.
Stems rather stiff, almost erect. Leaflets larger and
often more numerous than in 587; lower tooth of the
cal. subulate from the base. — Thickets, slopes; G. W.
0. U. A. 5 . Gerardi Dec. 586.

— Carpophore shorter than the cal.-tube . . 13

13. Racemes fairly dense, about as long as, or rather longer
than, the ls. Lower tooth of the cal. lanceolate (enlarged
at the base). Hilum surrounding Vs of the seed. Stem
weak, climbing. — Hedges, amongcoru; road-sides ; distrib. 6

Cracca L. 587.

— Racemes rather lax, gen. much longer than the ls. Hilum
only surrounding V5 of the seed. Stems firmer, more
erect than in the last, racemes more closely set in the
upper part of the pi., with larger fls. — Thickets; forest
meadows; W. Y. 5, 6, earlier than the last

tenuifolia Dec. (an Roth?) 588.
14 (1). Racemes 3 — 12-fld . 13

— Racemes 1 — 2-fld, (Fls appearing 1 — 2 together, sessile
or very shortly peduncled, in the 1. -axils. Ann. pis) 17

Papilionaceae.

123

15- Ls with 4 — 7 pairs. Perenn. pis. FIs of a dirty violet,
rarely white or (v. ochroleuca) yellowish white. — Fields,
road-sides; everywhere. 4, 5 . . sepium L. 589.

— Ls with 1 — 3 pairs. Ann. pis (leaflets large) . 10

16. Petiole terminated by a simple point. FIs large, white,
wings spotted with black. Hilum terminal. Broad bean.

t Faba L. 590.

— Petiole terminated by a simple or branched tendril. FIs
smaller than in the last, of a dirty purple. Hilum lateral.
— Bale (Grenzach, Isteinerklotz). 5 narbonensis L. 591.

17 (14). FIs pale yellow. (Pods rough) . . . .IS

— FIs red or violet (varied rarely to white) . . Iff

18. Standard glabr. Leaflets obtuse. — Fields; rare; W. V.

Z. L. A. 5 . Iiitea L. 592.

— Standard hairy. Leaflets truncate or indented. — Fields,
very rare and only observed now and then; formerly
near Cossonay and recently between Montreux and
Chillon, at Colombey and near Lausanne. 5

* hybrida L. 593.

19. Cal. -teeth lanceolate, the upper ones reflexed at the
top. Pods stipitate. Leaflets all linear, indented with
2 acute lobes. — As the last ; between Montreux and Chillon. 5

*peregrina L. 594.

— Cal. -teeth lanceolate-subulate, pointed forwards. Pods

sessile ......... '20

20. Ls all, or at least the lower ones, terminated by a simple
point, with 2 or 3 pairs. Stipules entire. FIs small
(7 — 9 mm). Pods glabr. — Sandy hills, very rare; Peney,
Canton Geneva, and Valere near Sion. 4, 5

lathyroides L. 595.

— Ls with branched tendrils, the upper ones with 4 — 8
pairs of leaflets. Stipules toothed. FIs larger. Pods, at
least when young, pubescent. Type of V. sativa 21

21. Pods bossed, with a short pubescence, yellowish-brown

when ripe. Seed compressed. FIs gen. of 2 colours. Ls
gen. with 7 pairs. Leaflets, at least those of the lower
and middle ls, truncate and gen. indented. — In corn¬
fields; distrib., also cultivated. 5 . . sativa L. 596.

— Pods narrower than in the last, not bossed, almost or
quite glabr. throughout their entire development,
black at maturity. FIs almost of one colour. Ls gen. with
5 pairs; leaflets of the upper and middle ls acute or
acuminate. Y. Forsteri Jord., segetalis Thuill. ?, nemora-
lis Bor. — b. Bobartii Forst. Leaflets of the upper ls
linear.— Hedges, fields, road-sides. Western and southern
Switz.; also occasionally adventitious. 5

angustifolia Reich, 597.

124

Papilionacete.

160. Lathyrus. Pea. XVII, 20, 3.

1. Petiole terminated by a simple or branched tendril.
Stem gen. climbing ...... 2

— Petiole terminated by a simple point (which is occasion¬
ally wanting) or by a leaf. Stem gen. erect. Or obi spec. and. 12

2 Racemes 1 — 2-fld. Ls with 1 (rarely 2) pair. Ann. or
bienn. pis ........ 3

— Racemes several- (4 — 12) fid. Ls with 1 or several pairs.

Perenn. pis ........ 7

3. FIs yellow. Stipules oval, cordate-sagittate at the base,
representing the leaflets which are Avanting; sometimes
(but rarely) the petiole is terminated by 1 or 2 narroAv
leaflets instead of the tendril ( v.foliolosa Brebiss.\ Schaffh. !)
— Cornfields, here and there (Avanting in W. U. A.). 6

Aphaca L. 598.

— FIs never yelloAv ....... 1

4. Common peduncles much longer than the ls. Pods rough.

Seed rough-granular. FIs violet blue. — Fields; not every¬
where (wanting in Gf. A.). 6 . . hirsutus L. 599.

— Common peduncles shorter than the ls. Pods glabr.

Seeds smooth ........ 3

5. Pods linear, narroAv (5 — 6 mm broad). Tendrils all simple.

Style not twisted. FIs small, rose-coloured. — Fields, grassy
places; Wall., Geneva (Branson, Raters; Vernier, Com-
pesieres). 5 sphsericus Retz. 600.

— Pods oblong, broader. Tendrils gen. branched. Style
tAvisted on its axis ...... (J

6. Pod channelled on the upper edge. Stipules as long as

the petiole. FIs rather small, rose-coloured. — Fields, rare;
V. B. J. 5 . Ci'cera L. 601.

— Pod with 2 wings on the upper edge, broader than in

the last. Stipules shorter than the petiole. FIs fairly large,
Avhite, rose, or blue. — Cultivated and rarely subspon-
taneous. 5 . f sativus L. 602.

7 (2). FIs yellow. Ls with 1 pair of leaflets. L. Lusseri
Heer (subalpine form, almost glabr., with large fls). —
Plains; everyAvhere. 6 . pratensis L. 603.

— Fls red or blue ....... 8

8. Stem angular. Fls bright purple. Rt-stock slender, Avitli
tubercles the size of a nut on its lower portions —
Stubble; (only wanting in L. U.) 6 tuberosus L. 601

— Stem winged ........ f)

9. Petioles not Avinged. Fls purplish. Ls with 2 — 3 pairs.
— Marshy places, not common (Avanting in G. T. S ). 6

palustris L. 605.

— Petioles winged. Fls rose-coloured . . . 10

Papilionacem.

125

10. Upper Is with 2 — 3 pairs; leaflets broader and more

obtuse than in 607- — Mountain woods; G. W. V. B. 0.
J. U. Z. S. 7 . heterophyllus L. 606.

— All the Is with 1 pair of leaflets . ... 11

11. Leaflets linear-lanceolate, narrowed to a point, rarely

(v. angustifolius = L. ensifolius auct. non Badar.) al¬
most linear, or (v. platyphyllus Retz.) broader, oblong
or oblong-lanceolate, 2 cm broad and more, rather ob¬
tuse, apiculate (Aigle). FIs greenish, streaked with rose.—
Woods; distrib. 6 ... sy I vestris L. 607.

— Leaflets broader than in the last, oblong-lanceolate,

rather obtuse, apiculate. FIs of a fine carmine-red. Style
longer than in the last. — Thickets: Neuchatel and Vaud,
apparently spontaneous. 6 . . latifolius L. 608.

12 (1). Ls simple (petioles foliaceous), linear-lanceolate, grass¬
like. Racemes 1- (rarely 2-) fid. FIs purplish. — Fields,
grassy places; rare (wanting in 0. L. U. A.). 6

Nissolia L. 609.

— Ls with 2 — 6 pairs of leaflets .... 13
13. Ls with 2 — 3 pairs ...... 11

— Ls with 4 — 6 pairs . . 10

14- Stem narrowly winged, ascending. Rt-stock thickened

here and there in tubercles. Leaflets oblong-lanceolate,
rarely (b .lin if olius Reich.) linear. L. macrorrhizus Wimm.
Orobus tuberosus L. — Woods; distrib.; b. Tessin. 4

niontanus Bernh. 610.

— Stem not winged, only angular, erect . . . 15

15. Leaflets oval, long-acuminate, rarely (b. gracilis Gaud.)

linear. Petioles longer than the stipules. — Woods; dis¬
trib.; b. Tess. 4 vernus Bernh. 611-

— Leaflets almost linear. Petioles scarcely as long as the

stipules. L. canescens Gr. Godr. -Neuchatel (vallon de
la Brevine). 6 .... ensifolius Gay. 612.

16 (13). FIs yellowish, then dark-yellow. Leaflets (large)
elliptic-lanceolate, pointed. Stem simple. — Alp., subalp.
and Jura (Dole, Reculet). 6 . . luteu 3 Peterm. 613.

— FIs violet-red. Leaflets oval-oblong, obtuse, apiculate

(turning black in drying). Stem branched. — Woods; here
and there (wanting in U. L.). 6 . niger Bernh. 614.

OBS. Among th ^ cultivated plants of this family are the following also :

1. Pinion sativum L. (Seeds globular, rolling, of a light colour ; fls gen. white).

2. Pisum arvense L. (Seeds compressed-angular, not rolling; fls variegated).

3. Phaseolus vulgaris L (Racemes shorter than the Is). Haricot. 4. Phaseolus
multiflorus L. (Racemes longer than the ls). 5. Lupin ns (Ls digitate, with
5—9 leaflets). 0. Galega officinalis L. 7. Soja japonica Savi., recently culti¬
vated experimentally.

126

Amygdaleac.

29. Amygdaleae (Stone-fruit).

161. Amygdalus. Amygdalus. XII, 15.

1. Petiole as long as, or longer than, the breadth of the leaf.
Drupe not succulent, splitting irregularly when ripe.
— Hills; W. (Saillon, Montorge). 3 communis L. 615.

— Petiole not half as long as the breadth of the leaf.
Drupe succulent, indehisc. Comp, the genus Persica.

162. Persica. Peach. XII, 15.

1. Comp, the last! Amygdalus Persica L. — Cultivated in
the gardens and vineyards of warm districts. 3, 4

t vulgaris Mill. 616.

163. Primus. Prunus. XII, 15.

1. FIs almost sessile. Fr. velvety-tomentose (rarely varied
to glabr.). Ls oval-cordate. Apricot. 3, the earliest of
all fruits . . . . . f Armeniaca L. 617.

— FIs distinctly peduncled. Fr. glabrous ... 2

2- FIs solitary or geminate. Fr. pruinose . • 3

— FIs in umbel-like fascicles, racemes or corymbs con¬
taining 3 — several fls. Fr. not pruinose . . 5

3. Peduncles entirely glabr. Fr. erect, globular, 6 — 10 mm.

A prickly shrub with spreading branches. Black thorn.
— b. fruticans Weihe. Shrub less prickly. Fr. larger. —
Hedges; thickets; everywhere. 4 . . spinosa L. 618.

— Peduncles pubescent. Fr. pendant, larger . . 4

4. Young branches pubescent. Pets orbicular, pure white.

Fr. globular. Plum. — b. italica Borkh. Ls almost glabr.
Fr. with hard flesh (Greengage). — Wooded hills, spon¬
taneous or subspontaneous ; cultivated everywhere in
many varieties. 4 .... insititia L. 619.

— Young branches glabr., thinner than in the last. Pets

longish, of a slightly greenish white. Fr. oblong. Damask-
plum. 4 . . . . . . f domestica L. 620.

5 (2). Fls in 2 — several-fld umbel-like fascicles, appearing
about the same time as the ls or a little earlier (>

— Fls in racemes or corymbs, appearing after the ls 7
6. Ls thin, rather wrinkled, hairy underneath. Petioles

with 1 or 2 glands at the top. Sweet-cherry.— Cultivated
forms are: b . jidiana Dec . Black-heart cherry; c. dura-
ci>ia Dec. White-heart cherry. — Woods. 4 avium L, 621.

— Ls rather hard, smooth, glabr., shining. Glands on the
petioles 0 or mounting to the lower teeth of the Is.
Shrubs or small trees with slender, spreading or droop¬
ing branches. Bitter cherry. — Cultivated forms : b. austera
Ehrh ., Morelle; c. ctcida Ehrh.\ d. aproniana Schiibl. Mart.

Spirjeacese. Rosacea;.

127

Hybrid with the last? — Hills; western and south-western
Switz., Schaffh. 4 . . . . Cerasus L. 622.

7. Racemes short, erect, few- (3— 12-) fid. Ls round-oval,
slightly cordate. — Wooded mountain slopes; here and
there (wanting in U. L.). 5 • . Mahaleb L. 623'

— Racemes long, gen. drooping, many- (20 — 30-’) fldT Xs
elliptic, slightly acuminate. — b. petrcca Tausch. (Upper
Wall.). — Damp woods, thickets; distrib. 5 Padus L. 624.

OBS. P. Laurocerasus L. Cherry-laurel, has evergreen, leathery, shining
ls and erect racemes, it is often cultivated in shrubberies near the lake of
Geneva.

30. Spiraeaceae.

164. Spiraea. Spiraea. XII, 14, 22. XXII, 24.

1. Shrubs with streaked, angular branches. Ls undiv., oval.

FIs in corymbs. — Indicated as suhspontaneous in Canton
Neuchatel. 5 . t ulmifolia Scop. 625.

— Herbaceous pis. Ls divided ..... 2

2. Ls large, 2 — 3-pinnatisect. FIs gen. dioecious through

suppression, in narrow spikes arranged in a panicle. —
— Woods; gorges; distrib. 6 . . Aruncus L. 626.

— Ls interrupted-pinnatisect. FIs hermaphrodite, in cymes

3. Ls with 4 — 6 pairs of segments, the largest oval-oblong,

double toothed, the terminal one confluent with the upper
lateral ones and appearing palinatifid with 3—5 lobes,
(Ls green underneath or gray- or white-tomentose.)
Root-fibres not thickened. — Damp meadows, ditches;
everywhere. 6 .... Ulmaria L. 627.

— Ls with 15 — 20 pairs of segments; the largest ones ob¬

long in contour, inciso-pinnatifid. Root-fibres thickened
in tubercles. — Pasturages; not common (wanting in U.
L. A.). 6 . Filipendula L. 628.

OBS. Numerous species are also cultivated in gardens and shrubberies;
comp. C. Koch, Dendrologie.

31. Rosaceae.

165. Dryas. Dryas. XII, 21.

1. Ls cordate-oblong, crenate, white-tomentose underneath. —
Alp., subalp. and Jura. 6 . . octopetala L. 629.

166. Geum. Avens. XII, 18.

1. FIs erect. Pets yellow, spreading, not unguiculate. Fr.-
liead sessile. — Hedges and thickets; distrib. 6

urbanuin L. 630.

128

Rosaceae.

— FIs drooping. Pets of a reddish yellow, erect, with long

claws. Fr.-head long-stipitate in the cal. — Damp fields,
ditches; distrib. 4, 5 . • . rivale L. 631-

OBS. Hybrid : G. rivale-urbanum (intermedium Ehrh.) , G. rivale-(Sie -
versia) montanum (inclinatum Schleich.).

167. Sieversia. Sieversia. XII, 18.

1. PI. producing stolons. Leaf-segments inciso-dentate, with
sharp teeth, the terminal one with 3 — 5 lobes. — Detritus
in the high Alp. 7 ... reptans Sprgl. 632.

— PI. without stolons. Leaf-segments unequally crenate,

the terminal one almost cordate at the base. — A4p. and
Jura (Reculet, Saleve). 6 . . moniana Sprgl. 633.

168. Rubus. Rubus. XII, 23.

Preliminary remark: The genus Rubus is one of the most difficult! As
all the characters are variable, too much importance should not be attached
to any of them, but the aggregate of the characters, the habit, &c. should
rather be observed. Then, in the first place it is well to examine only the
constant and well-fructifying forms found in several places or in many diffe¬
rent places far distant from one another. In collecting, it is important to take
a portion of the young shoot, from about the middle, with at least 2 leaves on
it. Comp. Gremli, Beitrage zur Flora der Schweiz (1870) ; A. Favrat,
“Les Ronces du Canton de Vaud,” in the Bull. Soc. Vaud. (1881); W. O.
Focke, Synopsis Ruborum Germaniae (1877) ; and, for the special study
of Glandulosi, my article in the Oestr. botanische Zeitung (1871).

1. Stem ann., 10— 20 cm. Stipules free or hardly united to
the petiole. Ls ternate, green underneath. Fr. red, gen.
with only 2—5 drupels. — Mountain woods; distrib. 5

saxatilis L. 634.

— Stem gen. bienn.; the first year (the so-called “shoot”)
it is gen. simple and only bears ls, in the second year
it produces flower bearing branches*) in the axils of the,
now gen. fallen, Is. Stipules springing from the petioles 2

2. Ls pinnate with 5 (3 — 7) leaflets, the terminal one

stalked. Fr. red covered with a persist, pubescence.
Shoot erect-arched, cylindric, pruinose, gen. covered with
numerous fine, dark-red aciculi. Leaflets white-tomen-
tose underneath (the var. viridis A. Br. with leaflets
green underneath has not yet been observed in Switzer¬
land). Stas short, almost 1-seriate. Raspberry. — Woods;
distrib. 5 . Idseus L. 635.

— Ls digitate with 3 — 5 leaflets, the terminal leaflet of a
leaf with 5 leaflets is, rarely, itself 3-partite, thus making
7 leaflets, but then the terminal leaflet is sessile. Fr. black,

*) It is not unusual to find radical inflorescences, especially in Glan¬
dulosi, in caisius and idseus, differing very mueh from the normal lateral in¬
florescences. These radical inflorescences are elongated, with many fls, and
with leaves mixed with them.

Rosacere.

129

rarely of a red-brown, or blue-black, glabr., rarely, when
mature, having a tuft of hairs at the top . . 3

3- Ls tomentose on both sides or only (and always) under¬
neath, green above and apparently glabr. but almost
always, at least those of the inflorescence, with a sprink¬
ling of very small stellate hairs (visible when
magnified 50—60 times) ..... 4.

— Ls never tomentose above, green underneath or tomen¬

tose and then with or without simple hairs above, but
without stellate hairs. R. tomentosus glabratus may be
looked for here; comp. No. 636 ... 3

Tomentosi.

4. Stipitate glands hardly ever wanting either on the shoot
or inflorescence. Stipules linear. Lower lateral leaflets
shortly stalked. Seps rettexed on the fr. Fr. glabr. Leaf¬
lets rather small, oblong-obovate, coarsely lobed-dentate,
with cuneiform, entire base. Panicle narrow, fairly dense.
Pets white, rather inclined to yellow. Petiole channelled.
— Var. : Ls green above, (var. glabratus), or ash-gray-
tomentose (v. canescens); shoot rarely tomentose-villous
v. villicaulis) or with unequal prickles and numerous
glands (v. Lloydianus Gen , if the ls are, at the same
time, green above). — T. Y. B. 0. J. L. Z. S.

Tomentosus Borkh. 636.

— Glands few or 0. Stipules more or less foliaceous as in
R. csesius. Lower lateral leaflets sessile or v e r y shortly
stalked. Seps erect or spreading on the fr., rarely all
reflexed. Fr. glabr. Hybrid forms between R. tomentosus
and R. csesius.

— Glands more or less numerous, never wanting. Stipules
linear. Lower lateral leaflets distinctly stalked. Seps re¬
flexed on the fr. Ovaries glabr. or pubescent. Hybrid
forms between R. tomentosus and those species which have
stipitate glands .*)

— Glands absolutely 0. Stipules linear. Low r lateral leaflets
distinctly stalked. Seps rellexed on the fr. Ovaries glabr.
or pubescent. Hybrids of R. tomentosus with the species
which have equal prickles and no stipitate glands. These
hvbrids differ from the Discolores in the channelled
petioles, the inflorescences with furrowed axis, the fr.
incompletely developed and above all in the presence
of small stellate hairs on the ls, which are scarcely ever
wanting in the hybrids of R. tomentosus. Comp, also 50

*) Among these are R. tomentosus-vestitus and R. tomentosus-Radula
— Hybrid forms between R. tomentosus and the Qlandulosi have not yet been
observed in Switzerland.

10 u Rosaceae.

5. Prickles similar or fairly so, relatively weak. Stipitate
glands few or 0. Shoot cylindric, or angular, with flat
faces, often pruinose gen. glabr. or with scattered
hairs. Lateral leaflets (in the quinate, and also the
middle Is) sessile or very shortly stalked. Stipules
rather broad, almost foliaceous. Seps erect or applied
on the f r . , rarely one or other or all reflexed. Drupels
gen. not numerous, often partly or entirely sup¬
pressed, those which are fully developed large, swollen,
often dull or indeed pruinose. —The Suberecti which
have also subsessile lateral leaflets differ in the high-
arched or almost erect shoots which are not pruinose
at least at the top, angular-furrowed, entirely without
stipitate glands, and in the, gen. quinate, Is green on
both sides, and the seps bordered with white, and the stas
not conniving after the emission of pollen. — Corylifolii 6

— Prickles very unequal, sometimes also less unequal
but then the larger ones feeble. Stipitate glands always
very numerous, gen. long. Shoots gen. cylindric.
Lateral leaflets gen. distinctly stalked. Stipules linear.
Seps, on the fr., almost always erect. Drupels as in the
3 following groups, shining. Ls often ternate. — Glandulosi

7

— Prickles unequal, the large ones more or less vigorous,

or prickles fairly equal and in this case the stipitate
glands often rarer, but never entirely wanting. Shoots
often angular. Lateral leaflets gen. distinctly stalked.
Stipules linear. Seps, at least those of the lateral fls,
gen. reflexed on the fr. — Subglandulosi . . 2f)

— Prickles similar or almost so, often vigorous. Stipitate

glands numerous, but no intermediate forms between
the prickles and stip. glands. Stems angular. Lateral
leaflets and stipules as in the last paragraph. Seps re¬
flexed on the fr., rarely only spreading. Ls gen. white-
tomentose underneath. — Radulce .... 44

— Prickles equal, gen. placed on the angles of the shoots.

"Stip. glands, also in the inflorescence, absolutely
0 (only in R. Mercieri there are a few). Lateral leaflets
distinctly stalked, only in some species, which have ls
green underneath, they are almost sessile. Stipules and
seps as in the last paragraph .... 46

Corylifolii.

6. Ls always green underneath ! Shoots slender, always
cylindric, bluish-pruinose, with weak, gen. fairly similar,
prickles. Seps erect on the fr. Carps glabr. Drupels
bluish-pruinose. Inflorescence short, with branches often

Rosace®.

131

divided near the base, fascicled. — Yar. : Cal. with or
without stipitate glands. Shoots with fairly similar prickles
or (v. armatus) with numerous, unequal prickles; also
b. grandiflorus Merc. More robust pis, hardly pruinose; fls
very large. — Everywhere. 5 . . csesius L. 637.

— Ls, at least the younger ones (standing highest in the panicle)
almost always gray-tome ntose underneath. Shoots
cylindric or angular, gen. slightly pruinose and with
stronger prickles than in the last. Seps erect or spread¬
ing on the fr. Carpels glabr., rarely pubescent. Dru¬
pels not pruinose, shining or more often dull, gen.
more or less suppressed. Branches of the inttoresceuco
less fascicled and seps often more shortly acuminate
than in the last. — Hedges, abundant near dwelling houses.
5, early but lasting until the autumn

dumetorum Weihe. 637a.*)

Glandulosi.

7. Stas gen. not numerous, sometimes almost l-seriate as

in R. ideeus, at last, directly after the fall of the pets,
distinctly shorter than the styles ... 8

— Stas numerous, many-seriate, decidedly as high as, or

higher than, the styles .... 18

8. Styles red, at any rate below . ... 9

— Styles greenish or white ..... 12

9. Ls, at least the young ones, slightly gray-tomentose
underneath. Shoots rather angular. Seps, on the fr., ap-
pressed or reflexed. Comp. R. saltuum 21.

— Ls green underneath. Shoots gen. cylindric. Seps, on the

fr., erect or appressed ...... 10

10. Shoots remarkably slender, poor in prickles. The large
prickles varying little, bent. Stip. glantls often rather
rare, without much colour. Carps pubescent. — Lucerne. 7

gracilicaulis Grml. 638.

— Shoots stronger. Prickles and stip. glands very abundant,
the former very unequal, the latter red or red-brown 11

11. Prickles fine, straight. Some of the stip. glands very long.
Panicle with erect branches. Carps glabr. R. Giintheri
Focke p. — Lucerne, Muri, Canton Aargau. 7

coloratus Grml. 639.

*) It is possible to distinguish: 1. Hybrids with the species which have
similar prickles and no stipitate glands (especially with bifrons and ulmi-
folius); stip. glands rare or 0 ; not rare. These, the second parent stem being often
difficult to determine, may be united under the collective name of dumetorum
Weihe; — 2. with the species which have stip. glands; apparently rare; —
3. with tomentosus, easily recognised by the microscopic stellate hairs on
the ls ; see R. tomentosus.

132

Rosacere.

— The large prickles rather bent, thickened at the base.
Stip. glands shorter than in the last. Panicle with spread¬
ing branches, often many-fld and mixed with Is. Carps
pubescent, then becoming glabr. It. Gfiintheri echinatus
Focke! — Yaud, Freiburg, Lucerne. 7

polyacanthus Grml. 640.

12 (8). Carps (and shoots) hairy . .... IS

— Carps glabrous. ....... 17

13. Leaflets long-acuminate, soft white-tomentose underneath.
Stas only half as high as the styles. Anthers reddish
yellow. — Jorat, Wilchingen. 7 Albiconius Grml. 641.

— Leaflets not tomentose underneath . . . 14

14. Pets broad. Stas almost as high as the styles. Leaflets
unequally and deeply toothed, concoloured, with numer¬
ous rather glittering hairs. — Lucerne. 7

scabrifolius Grml. 642.

— Pets narrow. Stas scarcely more than half as high as

the styles ........ 15

15. Lateral leaflets rather shortly stalked. Shoots cylindric
or slightly angular, rather pruinose. Prickles very abun¬
dant, rather short. Stip. glands rather pale, gen. exceeded
by the hairs. Leaflets large, the teeth not deep. Panicle
often many-fld. R Bayeri Focke? — Y. B. S. 7

firmulus Grml. 643.

— Lateral leaflets distinctly stalked. Shoots cylindric, not

pruinose ......... 10

16. Anthers greenish white. Leaflets acute, grayish under¬
neath and almost without hairs. Axis of the inflorescence
flexible. One of the smallest species. — Z. S. 7

brachyandrus Grml. 644.

— Anthers reddish yellow. Leaflets acuminate, almost con-

coloured underneath. Axis of the inflorescence stiff.

— Ziirichberg. 7 leptopetalus Focke. 645.

17 (12). Shoots almost glabr. Leaflets elliptic-oblong, with

broad, superficial, teeth, green underneath. — Tabor near
Constance. 7 . . . . * curtidens Grml. 646.

— Shoots densely covered with hairs. Leaflets oval-oblong,
long-acuminate, with deeper, narrower teeth, the younger
ones often gray-tomentose underneath. — Wilchingen, rare. 7

tardillorus Grml. 647.

18 (7). Styles red ........ If)

— Styles white ........ 23

19. Pets broad, almost orbicular. Young leaflets gray-tomen¬
tose underneath.— Kreuzlingen. 7 obtusiflorus Grml. 648.

— Pets narrow ........ 20

20. Carps pubescent . ...... 21

— Carps glabr. (Prickles straight) .... 22

Rosace®.

133

21. Shoots fairly thick, cylindric. Leaflets green underneath.
Prickles fine. Some of the stip. glands very long. Seps, on
the fr., erect. — Zurich. 7 tenuiglandulosus Grml. 619

— Shoots slender, rather angular. Young leaflets gen. thinly
gray-tomentose underneath. The large prickles bent, or
at least inclined, thickened at the base. Stip. glands
of the inflorescence short, scarcely exceeding the tomen-
tose hairs. Seps, on the fr., spreading or reflexed.
Panicle elongated, often many-fld aud mixed with Is.
Middle branches of the panicle often divided near the
base, so that several peduncles appear to spring from
the same point. — Y. B. Z. S. J. and probably in other
parts; one of the late species. 7, 8 saltuum Focke. 650.

22. Axis of the inflorescence flexible. Stip. glands red. Stas
exceeding the styles. Ternate or quinate Is with leaflets
deeply and irreg. inciso-dentate, suddenly contracted
to a long point. FIs large. — Kreuzlingen. 7

celtidifolius Grml. 651.

— Axis of the inflorescence stiff. Stip. glands pale. Stas
as high as the styles. Ls ternate. — Lucerne. 7

remotus Grml. 652.

23 (18). Lateral leaflets shortly stalked (shoots slightly pruinose.
Ls green underneath) ......

— Lateral leaflets distinctly stalked. (Pets oblong-cunei¬
form or oblong-obovate) .... 25

24. Pets oval-oblong, gen. rose-coloured. Drupels dull. Prickles
bent, the large ones slightly thickened at the base.
Leaflets unequally toothed, the terminal leaflet oval-
oblong, shortly and broadly acuminate. R. prasinus
Grml. Beitr. not Focke. — Z. S. early. 5, 6

pseudopsis Grml. 653.

— Pets large, broad, obovate, white. Drupels shining.
Prickles fine, straight. Leaflets large, fairly reg. toothed,
the terminal one broad-oval or almost orbicular, sud¬
denly contracted to a short point. A well-marked and
easily distinguishable species! — G. AY. V. B. U. Z. S.
(near Chur with red styles!) 7 villarsianus Focke. 654.*)

25. Shoots densely covered with hairs. Ovaries glabr. In¬
florescence short, few-fld; the 2 — 3 upper ls of the flower-
branches very large, simple. — Tour de Gourze. 6, 7

Burnati A. Favrat. 654a.

— Shoots densely covered with hairs. Ovaries pubescent,

*) Allied forms are: R. chlorophyllus (caesius-rudis ? Beitr.) and
nodiflorus Greml. ; also R. semivestitus A. Favrat. Shoots slender, slightly
hairy, with almost equal prickles and few glands. Inflorescence less thickly
fld. Lausanne.

134

Rosace®.

soon becoming glabr. (Inflorescence with very longprickles
and stip. glands) ....... 20

— Shoots glabr. or with scattered hairs. Ovaries glabrous 27

26. Panicle short Stip. glands without much colour. Leaflets

long-acuminate, very hairy underneath, shining. — Ziirich-
berg. 7 . lamprophyllus Grml. 655.

— Panicle elongated, narrow; the lower branches, placed

in the leaf-axils, often forming a new panicle. Leaflets
terminated by a short, broad point. R. liirtus W. K. ?
— Y. S. 7 . Weilieanus Grml. 656.

27. Leaflets large, broad, rounded or cordate at the base, the

teeth notdeep, suddenly contracted to anarrow, often curved,
point. Shoots cylindric, slightly pruinose. Prickles nu¬
merous but feeble, the large ones also. Panicle short,
lax, with elongated, very spreading branches, often few-fld.
— W. V. B. 0. Z. S. 6, 7 . . Bellardi W. N. 657.

— Leaflets more or less cuneiform at the base, acuminate.
Shoots obtuse-angled above, not pruinose. Prickles very
abundant, the large ones much thickened at the base.
Inflorescence mixed with Is, with erect-spreading branches

28

28. Shoots entirely glabr. Young Is gray-tomentose under¬
neath. — Wilcliingen; rare. 7 . . rigidatus Grml. 658.

— Shoots slightly hairy. Ls green underneath. — Y. ; rare. 6,7

Reuteri Merc. 659.

Subglandulosi.

29(5). Seps erect or oppressed on the young fr., at any rate
those of the terminal fls ..... 30

— Seps reflexed on the fr. ..... 35

30. Ovaries glabr. Prickles very abundant, very unequal.
Leaflets green underneath. Comp. R. Reuteri. 28.

— Ovaries at least partly pubescent . . . ' 31

31. Stip. glands very much scattered on the shoots, pale.
Shoots slightly pruinose. Prickles fairly similar, feeble.
Leaflets large, cordate-oval, suddenly contracted to a
long point, green underneath. R. densiflorus and monti-
colus Grml. should perhaps be mentioned here. — S. 7

helveticus Grml. 660.

— Stip. glands more or less numerous, at least in the in¬
florescence, gen. red or brown .... 32

32. Styles red. Panicle elongated, drooping, at least finally,

with short prickles. (Pets narrow) . . . 33

— Styles greenish. Panicle of moderate length, always

straight, with branches fairly reg. trifurcate . 34

33. Prickles unequal, curved or at least inclined. Leaflets,
at least the young ones, gen. gray-tomentose underneath,

Rosace®.

135

acute or acuminate. Stas about as high as the styles.
Comp. R. saltuum. 21.

— Prickles almost similar, fairly vigorous, straight. Leaflets
green on both sides, suddenly narrowed to a long point.
Stas distinctly lower than the styles. Panicle leafless,
with extremely short stip. glands! Wilchingen; rare. 7

curvistylis Grml. G61.

34. Shoots cylindric or obtuse-angular, very hairy. Leaflets
ternate, obovate, cuneiform, with a short superposed
point, having a grayish shining effect underneath on
account of the numerous hairs. Branches of the panicle
very spreading, villous. R. Menkei W. N. ? — S. 7

fraternus Grml. 662.*)

— Shoots (brownish red) angular, glabr. or with scattered
hairs. Leaflets ternate or quinate, broad-oval or round-
cordate, with a short, almost superposed, point, the
young ones gray-tomentose underneath. Panicle inter¬
rupted, the lower branches almost erect. Cal. tomen-
tose, with red glands. Prickles sometimes fairly similar,
sometimes very unequal and then often irregularly pla¬
ced, and, the small ones also, much thickened at the
base, those of the peduncles abundant, hooked. Dru¬
pels, even when mature, crowned with a tuft of hairs.
R.trichocarpu8Timeroy ? — Wall., Yaud, Freiburg, Zurich. 7

pilocarpus Grml. 668.

35 (29). Panicle elongated, gen. mony-fld. with short prickles,
often almost without any; lower branches often se¬
parated, axillary, and forming themselves into a panicle.
Cal. white-tomentose. Pets rather narrow, reddish. Ovaries
with long hair. Shoots always hairy, tinted with a parti¬
cularly dull violet-brown. Leaflets either green or velvety-
pubescent or gray-tomentose underneath. Resembling
R. saltuum. R. liispidus Merc.? — Y. S. 7

insericatus P. J. Mull, 664.**)

— The above characters not present . . . 30

36. Prickles more or less unequal. Stip. glands more or
less numerous. (Shoots always hairy) . . . 37

— Prickles fairly similar. Stip. glands rare . . 40

87. Leaflets gray- or white-tomentose underneath, dark green

and fairly glabr. above; terminal leaflet long-acuminate.
(Ovaries pubescent; pets rose-coloured) . . 3S

— Leaflets green underneath ..... 39

88. Leaflets gray-tomentose underneath. The large prickles
curved, much thickened at the base. Panicle short, often

*) Allied to R. teretiusculus.

**) An allied form is R. erythrostemon A. Favrat.

136

Rosaceae.

mixed with Is ; the upper Is reduced to foliaceous bracts. R.
Koehlei'i W. and N. ? — Yaud, Freib., Zurich, Schaffh. 7

brevis Grml. 665.

— Leaflets, at least when young, white- or gray-tomentose
underneath; the large prickles almost equal, long, slender,
straight or slightly curved. Panicle elongated, lax. Stas
much shorter than the styles.— Haut Jorat. 7

strictus A. Favrat. 665a.

— Leaflets snow-white-tomentose underneath, glittering and
soft to the touch. Prickles almost straight. Panicle rather
short or elongated by axillary branches, leafless towards
the top. — Yaud, Schiipfen, Canton Bern, Schaffh. 7

suavifolius Grml. 666.
39. Leaflets broad-oval or almost cordate-orbicular, fairly
reg. and not deeply toothed. Panicle of moderate length,
very villous, gen. mixed with Is, with elongated,
spreading branches. Ovaries glabr. or with scattered
hairs. R. foliosus Grml. not W. N. — W. Y. B. J. L. U.
A. Z. S. and probably distrib. 7 teretiusqulus Ka!t. 667.

— Leaflets long-acuminate, deeply and irreg. toothed, with

numerous brilliant hairs above. Panicle long, with short
branches and no Is. Ovaries pubescent. — Wilchingen,
rare. 7 . cannabinus Grml. 668.

40 (36). Leaflets narrowed to a long, broad point, dull green,
green or (v. incanus) gray-tomentose underneath. Shoots
very hairy, stiff. Stip. glands v e ry rare, pale. Panicle
elongated, stiff, rather dense. Petsdecid.! R. piletostachys
Grml. Beitr. not Gr. Godr. — Wilchingen, Constance. 7

Gremlii Focke. 669.

— Leaflets not narrowed to a long broad point . 41

41. Ovaries pubescent. (Shoots very hairy. Leaflets ternate

or quinate, broad-oval or almost orbicular. Prickles of
the inflorescence long, straight) .... 42

— Ovaries glabr. (Panicle short) .... 43

42. Leaflets rather firm, dark green on the upper side, green

or whitish-gray underneath, but always rather rough to
the touch on account of the thick, rather long, woolly,
shining hairs. Panicle stiff, moderately long, villous.
Pets white or pale-rose, broad. Prickles rather slender,
gen. straight. — W. Y. B. J. U. Z. S. and probably dis¬
trib. 7 . vestitus W. N. 670.*)

*) Allied forms are : R. pyramidalis Kaltenb. Shoots less hairy, stip.
glands very rare; prickles feebler, those of the inflorescence shorter and
broader; leaflets more acuminate; inflorescence dense, pyramidal, later broad
and obtuse at the top ; pets rose-coloured — Val-de-Ruz, Chaumont, pied du Suchet.
— Also: R. Vetteri A. Favrat ! exsicc. (teretiusculus tomentellus Grml.) In¬
florescence almost as in R. teretiusculus but the leaflets rather those of R.
vestitus, at the same time not velvety-woolly, the young ones gen. white-
tomentose underneath; prickles of the shoot almost equal, stip. glands rare or
none. — Jongny, Bex.

Rosacese.

137

— Leaflets thinner, lighter green above, white-tomentose
underneath, but not, or only slightly, velvety-woolly.
Panicle gen. shorter than in the last. Pets of a bright
rose-colour, rather narrower. Almost exactly between
R.vestitus andR. bifrons — Y.S.7 conspicuus P. J. MUII.G71.

43. Shoots glabr., slightly pruinose. Leaflets ternate, white-
tomentose underneath ; terminal leaflet rather rhomboidal,
cuneiform, acute. Pets white. Prickles not abundant. —
Lucerne, Zurich. 7. indotatus Grml. 672.

— Shoots hairy, not pruinose. Leaflets quinate, green under¬

neath, with a dense pubescence; terminal leaflet broad-
oval, or obovate, suddenly and shortly acuminate. Pets
rose-coloured. Prickles abundant (about 20 between two
Is). Panicle villous, often exceeded by the last leaf. —
Yaud; Favrat! 6, 7 . . piletostachys Gr. Godr. 673.

Radulae.

44 (5). Panicle broad, often many-fld, with long, thin, spread¬
ing branches and peduncles. Shoots red-brown, almost
glabr. Pets narrow, always slightly rose-coloured. Seps
often appressed on the fr. Stip. glands very numerous in the
panicle, but short. — Y. B. Z. S. and probably distrib. 6, 7

rudis W. N. 674.

— Panicle of moderate length, rather narrow. Shoots en¬
tirely glabr. Prickles and stip. glands very abundant.
Stas as long as, or rather shorter than, the styles; styles
reddish after flowering. Ovaries tomentose. R. rigidus
Merc, not Sm. — Jura from Divonne. 6, 7

rigidulus Schmidely. 674 a.

— Panicle elongated, pyramidal. Shoots hairy . . 4 !>

45. Panicle pyramidal, with long, rather vigorous, prickles

in the lower portion. Stas exceeding the styles. Pets
white or pale rose. The largest among those species
which have stip. glands. Inflorescence more villous than
in the last. Stas longer. — T. V. S., not common. 6, 7

Radula Weihe. 675.

— Panicle narrow, terminating in a raceme. Stas as high
as the styles. Pets white. — Wilchingen, rare. 7

racemigerus Grml. 676.

46 (5). Seps entirely gray- or white-tomentose (with the ex¬
ception of R. Barbeyi). Stas connivent after flowering
or applied against the fr. Leaflets gen. gray- or white-
tomentose underneath. (Inflorescence gen. paniculate).
— Discolor es. ........ 4-7

■ — Seps greenish, edged with white. Stas spreading after
flowering. Leaflets green underneath. (Shoots liigh-
arched, or almost erect, glabr. Lower lateral leaflets
shortly stalked, or almost sessile.)— Suberecti . GO

li

138

Rosacea1.

Diseolores.

47. Shoots (unsupported) low-arched, often prostrate, flat¬

sided, with dense, tangled hairs and longer spreading
ones. Prickles weaker in proportion. Leaflets large,
delicate, coarsely toothed, slightly gray-tomentose under¬
neath or (var. hypoleucus Focke) white-tomentose ; ter¬
minal leaflet narrowed to a short broad point. Panicle
very villous, often few-fld. Stas very long. Ovaries glabr.
— Z. S. 7 .... macrophyllus. W N. 677.

— Shoots arched-ascending, or high-arched, rarely low-
arched in the small pis ..... J:S

48. Shoots and inflorescence, at any rate, the bracts, bearing
isolated stip. glands. Inflorescence elongated pyra¬
midal, many-tid, mixed with Is often up to the top : axis
villous, with small hooked prickles of a blood-red colour,
tipped with yellow. Pets bright rose. Ls digitate-quinato;
leaflets broad-oval, short-acuminate, rather deeply and
irreg. toothed; lower lateral leaflets of the ls of the
panicle rather shortly stalked. R. spectabilis Merc. ! not
Pursh. — Yaud, Geneva, Neuchatel, Bern, Zurich, Schaffh. ;
rather earlier than R. ulmifolius Mercieri Genev. 678.

— Stip. glands, even in the iuflorescence, absolutely 0 40

49. Ls with numerous simple hairs above, (always ?) mixed

with stellate and fascicled hairs . . . .50

— Ls glabr. above, or only with simple scattered hairs,

always without stellate, fascicled hairs . . 52

50. Shoots with numerous stellate and fascicled hairs. —

Ovaries hairy. Prickles numerous, much compressed at
the base, rather flexible, almost straight, covered almost
to the top with numerous fascicled hairs, those of the
panicle almost of the same form, those of the petioles
curved. Panicle and leaflets resembling those ofR. ulmi¬
folius.— Branson in Wall. . . valesiacus Grml. 679.

— Shoots glabr. or almost so. Ovaries glabr. . . 51

51. Shoots high-arched, deeply angular-channelled. Terminal
leaflets cordate-orbicular with a superposed point; lower
lateral leaflets rather shortly stalked. — Unterhallau ; rare. 7

tumidus Grml. 680.

— Shoots-arched , ascending, obtuse-angled or flat-sided.

Terminal leaflet elliptic-obovate, short-acuminate ; lower
lateral leaflets long-stalked. Resembling R. bifrons. —
Yaud, Bern, Zurich, Muri, Schaffh.; Hohentwiel, but
nowhere common. 6, 7 . . obtusangulus Grml. 681.

52 (49). Seps greenish, edged with white. Stas shorter than
the styles. Leaflets green underneath; terminal leaflet
rounded at the base, very long-acuminate; lower lateral

Rosacea;.

139

leaflets distinctly stalked. Prickles abundant with a

•j

short triangular base, then suddenly contracted to an in¬
clined point. Panicle of moderate length, often mixed with
Is. Pets white. Shoots almost glabi*. — Jorat : Favrat! 7,8

Barbeyi Favr. Grml. in. 682.

— Seps entirely tomentose. Stas as high or higher than

the styles ........ 53

53. Leaflets pedate or digitate, with not very deep teeth.
Pets gen. bright rose-coloured. Shoots gen. with more
or less numerous stellate and fasciculate, applied hairs,
often of a metallic gray when dried, sometimes pruinose

r>+

— Leaflets digitate, more deeply toothed. Pets white or pale
rose-coloured. Shoots not scaly when dried, not pruinose

♦57*

54. Branches of the panicle forming racemes (Focke).
Panicle elongated, narrow, dense, with broad, curved
prickles. Resembling R. tomentosus. R. cuneifolius Merc,
not Pursh. — Saleve. (Southern slopes near Monetier). 7

* sphenoides Focke. 683.

— Branches of the panicle (except the lower axillary ones)

trifurcate ......... 55

55. Ovaries glabr. Ls digitate-quinate; leaflets oblong-ob-

ovate-cuneiform, short-acuminate; lower lateral leaflets
rather shortly stalked; branches of the panicle long,
erect-spreading, as also the peduncles. Stas about as
high as the styles. Prickles straight. R. elongatus Mercier
not Sm. — Saleve. 7 . . *sabaudus Focke. 684.

— Ovaries pubescent ....... .76*

56. Panicle elongated, tomentose, with dense stellate
hairs, as if powdered with meal, without long spread¬
ing hairs, gen. with hooked prickles. Stas as high as the
styles. Shoots pruinose. Leaflets pedate or digitate, very
white-tomentose underneath, with an applied pubescence,
without long hairs; greatest breadth above the middle,
suddenly acuminate at the top. R. discolor auct. mult,
rusticanus Merc., ainoenus Port. — ? b. pilia patulis (dal-
matinus Tratt. ?) Panicle villous. (Lower- Wall., Lausanne,
Saleve.) — Graub., Tess., Lower-Wall., Lakes of Geneva
and Neuchatel; rather late, first half of July.

ulmifolius Schott f. 685.

— Panicle tomentose with stellate hairs and, besides that,
with longer spreading hairs, shorter than in the
last and gen. with straight prickles. Stas exceeding the
styles. Shoots not pruinose, but covered, after drying,
with small scales of a metallic-gray colour. Leaflets
almost always pedate, the stalks of the lower lateral
leaflets often inserted remarkably high on those of the

140

Rosace®.

middle lateral leaflets; other characters as in the last.
R. discolor Merc. — T. W. Y. B. L. U. Z. S. and probably
distrib., rather earlier than the last bifrons Vest. 686.

57 (53 ). Shoots angular-furrowed, arched-ascending, gen. rather
hairy. Leaflets glabr. above or, more often, with scattered
hairs. Ovaries glahr. or with scattered hairs. (Stas gen.
exceeding the styles) ...... 5S

— Shoots high -arc lied or almost erect, gen. entirely
glabr. during their whole development. Leaflets (of the
shoot) almost always entirely glabr. above. Ovaries
glabr. (comp. R. candicans). Type of F. thyrsoideus 50

58. Leaflets broad-oval or roundish-oval, acute or short-
acuminate, soft-tomentose underneath. Panicle of mo¬
derate length, broad, often very compound, with stiff
branches, often branched above the middle, the upper
ones in corymb so that the panicle which is rather
bulky and densely fld, is broad at the top; axis villous,
gen. with fairly vigorous sickle-shaped prickles. R. dis¬
color Grrml. Beitr. — \V. Y. B. L. Z. S. 6, 7

macrostemon Focke. 687.

— Leaflets oval-elliptic, long- acuminate, with applied
tomentum underneath. Panicle elongated, lax, with very
spreading branches, often few-fld ; axis tomentose, scarcely
villous. R. Winteri P. J. Miill. — Yaud, Geneva, Freiburg,
Lucerne. .... pubescens Weihe. 688.

59. Panicle elongated, pyramidal, thinner towards the top,

often more or less mixed with Is of which the lateral
edges are turned upwards. Stas, even when spreading,
decidedly exceeding the styles. Leaflets oval or elliptic,
acuminate. Shoots almost always angular-furrowed. R.
argenteus Grml. Beitr. not \Y. N. ; R. argyropsis Focke.
—V. Z. S. 6, 7 . . . thyrsantlius Focke. 689.

Panicle elongated, narrow, almost of equal breadth, with
few prickles, leafless, i. e. leafy only at the base. Stas
as high as the styles, almost in the same plane. Leaflets,
especially the young ones, narrower than in the other
Discolores, with rather broad, but fairly deep teeth.
Shoots gen. with flat sides. R. thyrsoideus Wimm. p. —
Y. J. B. L. Z. S. 6, 7 . . candicans Weihe. 690.*)

Subereeti.

60 (46). Shoot cylindric or obtuse-angular, and, except the
extremity, often slightly pruinose. Prickles small, nar¬
row-conic, straight, gen. of a blackish red colour. Ls,
in weak pis, often only ternate, in vigorous pis quinate

*) R. elatior Focke. See Beitr. 50. Lausanne.

Rosacem.

141

and often, by the division of the terminal leaflet, septi-
nate; term, leaflet broad, short-acuminate. Inflorescence
short, gen. few-fld, often leafy Fr., even when ripe, reddish
brown, with a raspberry scent. K. Idieus-fruticosus
Grml. Beitr. (but not hybrid). — Y. B. 0. L. Z. S. One
of the earliest species, directly after R. Idseus, and
before R. sulcatus suberectus Anders. 691.

— Shoots always angular or angular-furrowed, not pruinose.

Prickles vigorous, compressed at the base. Ls gen. di-
gitate-quinate. Fr. black when ripe . . . fil

61. Leaflets folded, the terminal one oval or cordate-oval,
short- and broad-acuminate. Inflorescence of moderate
length forming a simple raceme, or the later fls some¬
times panicled. Stas about as high as the styles. Seps,
of the fr., spreading. Lower lateral leaflets almost
sessile as in the last. R. fruticosus auct. mult.— Zuger-
berg: Herz, according to Focke. 6 plicatus W. N. 692.

— Leaflets flat, oval or cordate-oval, long-acuminate. In¬
florescence rather elongated, gen. forming a simple
raceme, less armed than in the last. Stas exceeding the
styles. Seps, of the fr., reflexed. Lower lateral leaflets
rather more distinctly stalked than in the 2 last. R.
fruticosus Grml. Beitr. R. fastigiatus Merc. — V. J. Z. S.
and probably in other places, but nowhere common. 6

sulcatus Vest. 693.

OBS. Among hybrid forms the following can be distinguished with some
certainty: bifrons-ccesitis (dumetorum Merc.?); bifrons-saltuum ; bifrnns-to-
mentosus ; bifrons-vestitus ; ccesius-candicans (Laschii Focke?); ccpsius-con-
sjaicuus A. Favrat; ccesius-Giintheri A. Favrat ; ccesius-Idceus ; casius-macro-
8 lemon ; ccesins Mercieri ; ccesius-obtusangultis A. Favrat ; ccesius-poylacanthus
(Pelerin, Canton Yaud : Favrat!); ccexius-rudis ; ccesius-sulcatus ; cce sins- Rad uln
(echinatus Lindl. ? Ecublens, Canton Vaud, Favrat) ; ccesius-thyrsanthus ; ccrsius-
tomentosus (nemorosus Merc not Hayne), ccesius-ulmif alius (patens Merc, p.) ;
ccesius-vestitus ; ccesins- Villarsianus ; macrostemon-tomerttosus ; Mercieri-tomen-
tosus (collinus Merc, not Dec.? chnoophyllus P. J. Mull, ex Genev. Saleve) ;
Mercieri-ulmifolius-Schmidely ; macrostemon-ulmifolius (?); Radula-tomentosus ;
Radida-ulmifolius ; rigidulus-tomodosns Schmidely ; rudis-tomentosus ; rudis-
vestitus ; salt unm- vest it us ; t/iyrsanthus-tonientosus ; touientosus-ulmifolius (bal-
densis Kern., albidus Merc.? thyrsoideus degener Mere.?); tomentosus-vestitus
(undulatus cinereus Merc, ex Focke; ulmifolius-vestitus Schmidely).

169. Fragaria. Strawberry. XII, 19.

1. Leaflets rather thick, dark bluish-green, almost glabr.

Hairs of the petioles applied. Cal. erect against the fr.
— Cultivated and sometimes subspontaneous (T. umbelli-
formis F. Schultz!). 5 . . f grandiflora Ehrh. 694.

— Leaflets thinner, grass-green, with rather folded wrinkles.

Hairs of the petioles spreading .... 2

2. Lateral leaflets (gen.) shortly stalked. Hairs of the ped¬
uncles horizontal- spreading. Cal. spreading below

142

Rosacese.

the fr. PJs in every way more vigorous than 696. F.
moschata Duch. — Woods, here and there (wanting in T.

U. L. W.). 5 . elatior Ehrh. 695.

Lateral leaflets almost sessile (rarely stalked). Hairs of
all the peduncles, or at least of the lateral ones, erect
or applied ........ 3

3. Cal. erect against the fr. The terminal tooth of the
leaflets smaller than the others. Pedicels longer than in
697; fls often inclined to green, imperfectly dioecious.
— Hills, slopes; not everywhere (wanting in T. U. L.). 5

collina Ehrh. 696.

— Cal. spreading horizontally, or reflexed under the fr.

— Woods, slopes, everywhere. 5 . • vesca L. 697.

OBS. F. coUina-elatior (sericea Christ) near Biuningen, Canton Bale.

— F. llagenbachiana Lang appears to be a collina-vesca distinguishable from

collina by the stalked leaflets and the stolens -which, as in vesca, bear small

rudimentary Is between the leaf-fascicles ; in F. collina these rud. Is are only

found in the lowest internode of the stolons.

170. Comarum. Marsh Potentil. XII, 20.

1. Ls pinnate; leaflets 5 (3 — 7), compound, glaucous under¬
neath. Pets black-red. — Bogs; here and there. 6

palustre L. 698.

171. Potentilla. Potentil. XII, 20.

1. Fls white or rose ....... 2

— Fls yellow ........ 8

2. Rad. ls pinnate. Stem 30 — 45 cm, gen. red. — Slopes,
wood-sides, here and there; T. W. Y. Z. S. 5

rupestris L. 699.

— Rad. ls digitate ....... 3

3. Rad. ls ternate ....... 4

— Rad. ls quinate ....... 6

4. Carps glabr. PI. viscous-villous. Pets narrow. Styles

red. — Rocky places; Yal Forcola in the valley of Misocco,
Cxraub. 7 .... grammopetala Morett. 700.

— Carps villous at the umbilicus .... 5

5. Pets white. Stas filiform. Leaflets with about 4 — 6 teeth

on each side. PI. with or without stolons. — b. permixta
(Jr ml . Stolons gen. 0, stas conniving after the emission
of pollen, instead of spreading (Yevey). — Wood-sides,
slopes; distrib. 4 . Fragariastrum Ehrh. 701.

— Pets the colour of peach fls, pale. Filaments of the stas
almost as broad as the anthers. Leaflets with 6 — 10 teeth
on each side, teeth narrower and more acute than in
the last, the terminal tooth scarcely shorter than the

Rosacea'.

143

lateral ones, which makes the leaflet less truncate. PI.
always without stolons. The base of the inside of the
cal. deep red.— As the last ; G. T. Y. S. 4 micrantha Ram. 702.

6 (3). Stas glabr. Stem not very leafy, scape-like, bearing
1—5 fls. — Wood-clearings, rare; G. T. V. Z. S. 4

alba L. 703.

— Stas rough. Stem bearing several Is, several- or many-fld 7

7. Leaflets almost sessile, oblong-lanceolate, silky-ciliate.

— Sunny calc, rocks, especially in the subalp. (want¬
ing in 0. B. L. S.). 6 . . caulescens L. 704.

— Leaflets stalked, obovate-oblong ; hairs looser, less silken,
mixed with glands. — As the last; Saleve near Geneva. 7

* petiolulata Gaud. 705.

8 (1). PL dying after the fr. matures. Pets shorter than the
cal. — Yillage-roads ; Bale (Neudorf and Bartenheim). 6

* supina L. 706.

— Perenn. pis. Pets as long as, or (gen.) longer than, the

calyx ......... f)

9. Ls interruptedly p i n n at i s e c t, white-silky underneath
(more rarely on both sides); larger segments about 12
to 24. Stem prostrate and rooting. — Way-side ditches;
everywhere. 6 .... Anserina L. 707.

— Ls multifid-laciniate, tomentose underneath; lobes

linear. —Alp. : W. ; (Zermatt). 7 . multifida L. 708.

— Ls digitate, with 3 — 5 — 9 leaflets . . . .JO

10. Stems prostrate and rooting (stolon-like), or ascending

and not rooting, but in this case the fls are, at least
partly, 4-merous ....... 11

— Stems ascending or erect, the lateral ones sometimes

also rooting at the base. Fls 5-merous . . 1.1

11. Stems ascending, not rooting. Caul, ls sessile. Stipules

large, leaf-like, deeply 3 — 5-fid. Rt-stock thick, knotty.
Fls small, gen. 4-merous. Tormentilla erecta L. — Woods,
pasturages; distrib. 5 . . Tormentilla Scop. 709.

— Stems prostrate and (at least in autumn) often rooting.
Caul, ls petioled. Stipules gen. small, undiv., or 2 — 3-fid 12

12. Stems simple or not much branched, creeping. Leaf¬
lets quinate, oblong-obovate with coarse, rather obtuse
teeth almost from the base upwards. — Fls large, penta-
merous, gen. solitary. — Roads and ditches ; everywhere. 6

reptans L. 710.

— Stems at first simple or not much branched, ascending,
later decumbent and branchy. Leaflets ternate or quinate,
elliptic, cuneiform and with edges entire at the base
and inciso-dentate towards the top, with acute teeth.
Fls 4-merous or 5*merous, smaller and more numerous
than in the last, but larger than in 709. P. nemoralis
Nestl.? P. procumbens and mixta auct. helv. P. Gremlii

144

Rosacea;.

Zimmeter. P. reptans-Tormentilla ! *) — AAood-clearings,
rare; Y. B. A. Z. S. 5 . . * ascendens Grml. 711.

13 (10). Ls gray- or white-tomentose underneath with
short stellate hairs or longer, much matted, hairs 14

— Ls green underneath ...... 1 i)

14. Ls ternate, tomentose, snow-white underneath. — Alp. G.

W. 6 . nivea L. 712.

— Ls with 2 — 9 leaflets . ..... 15

15. Ls almost concoloured, gray-tomentose on both sides.

Stipules of the rad. ls narrow'-linear. P. cinerea auct.
— Sunny hills; Istein not far from Bale (comp. P. Gau-
dini). 4 . *incana FI. Welt. 718.

— Ls distinctly of 2 colours, green above. Stips lanceolate 1(>

16. Stems and petioles white-tomentose, without long, spread¬
ing hairs. Leaflets white-tomentose underneath, (more
rarely gray-tomentose), cuneiform-obovate, rolled at the
edges, inciso-dentate or almost pinnatifid towards the
top. PI. without a central rosette. — b. demissaJord. Stem
more decumbent; fls smaller, not so closely set. — Dry
places, hills, road-sides; distrib. 6 . argentea L. 714.

— Stems and petioles laxly gray-tomentose and, in addition,'

with longer hairs. Leaflets gray-tomentose underneath,
not rolled at the edges ...... 17

17. Stems 15 — 80 cm, slender, springing, at least partly,
laterally from the central rosette of ls, ascending or
almost spreading in a circle, forming a lax corymb al¬
most from the middle, with thin peduncles, bent at
maturity. P. AViemanniana Giinth. Schum., P. collina
Koch, P. prsecox F. Schultz! P. alpicola Delasoie! P.
argentea-verna auct. — As the last, rare; AY. B. Z. S.
(Orsieres, Obergosgen, Ostermundingen ! Laufenburg!
Marthalen, Glattfelden, Schaffh.!) 5, earlier than the last,
but continuing to flower almost the whole summer!

Guntheri Pohl. 715.

— Stem 30 — 70 cm, more vigorous than in the last, central

(central rosette 0 at the time of flowering), erect or
arched only at the base, terminated by a corymb with
stiff peduncles, straight at maturity . . . IS

18. Leaflets of almost equal breadth, oblong-lanceolate, pointed
at both ends, reg. toothed (pectinate) throughout the
whole length; teeth about 6 — 10 on each side, almost
acute-triangular. Stem almost entirely erect. Habit of

*) The true P. procumbens Sibth. is more like P. Tormentilla and
is a good species, fairly distributed in North Germany; P. mixta Nolte is
a hybrid between procumbens and reptans and is certainly not unlike our
plant. The true P. procumbens is found according- to Zimmeter near Win¬
terthur (Siegfried); P. mixta near Geneva (Chenevard).

Rosacea).

145

718. P. inclinata auct. plur. and Koch p. not Yill., P.
finitima Christ. — As the last: northern Switz. (Laufen-
burg, Eglisau, Schaffh., Hohentwiel, Constance); Geneva? 6

canescens Bess. 716.

— Leaflets obovate-oblong, with cuneiform, entire base,

the teeth not descending so low as in the last; teeth
4 — 5 on each side, unequal, lanceolate-linear. Stem arched
at the base. Habit of a vigorous P. argentea. Perhaps
P. argentea-recta? — Southern Alpine valleys; W. (from
Brieg to Branson). Geneva. 6 . inclinata Wall. 717.*)

19 (18). Fl.-stem central, erect, vigorous, 80— 60 cm, very
leafy, several- or many-fld, with glandular hairs in the
upper part. Ls composed of 5 — 7 leaflets. Carps sur¬
rounded by a winged, less-coloured keel. — Dry slopes,
rare. G. T. W. and sometimes subspontaneous in other
parts. 6 . recta L. 718.

— FI. -stems lateral, with few ls .... 20

20. Ls, at least the lower ones, composed of 5 — 9 leaflets 21

— Ls ternate (Alpine pis) ...... 28

21. Rt-stock descending, few-branched. Stems gen. numerous,

springing almost from a single point, several- or many-
fld, ascending or spreading in a circle, not rooting.
Leaflets not uncommonly 7—9, toothed almost to
the base . . . . . . . . 22

— Rt-stock horizontal or oblique, branched. Stems prostrate

or ascending, few-fld, the lateral ones often rooting.
Leaflets 5 (rarely 7), gen. toothed only towards the
top .... ...... ,*» 8

22. Upper caul. Is fairly developed. Carps surrounded by
a distinctly keeled nerve. FIs gen. fairly large. P. inter¬
media auct. not L. P. Nestleriana Tratt. — Stony, wooded
places of the mount and subalp. G. T. W. Y. B. U. A. 6

heptaphy lla Mill. 719.**)

— Upper caul, ls reduced. Carps without a distinctly keeled
nerve. FIs gen. more numerous and smaller than in P.
verna. PI. tinted with red and almost villous with long,
fine, soft, spreading hairs. The rad. ls remaining gen.
until the following year, large, toothed almost to the

*) The P. inclinata auct (an Vill. ?) appears to be composed of various
forms partly, hybrids ; e. g. P. incrassata Zimm., P. cana Jord., P. Ker-
neri Borbas (argentea-recta).

**) P. heptaphylla (Mill.?) includes several forms which still need
final examination: 1. P. thuringiaca Bernh. Lower Engadine, Lower Wall.
Mont Cliaubert in the Jura. 2. P. Nestleriana Tratt. Chateau d’Oex, differ¬
ing from the last in the very' spreading teeth of the leaflets and in the upper
Is being opp. 3. P. Mathoneti Jord. Valley of Champey. 4. P. parviflora
Gaud. PI. small, with small fls resembling P. opaea. Lower Wall. Freib.
5. P. gentilis Jord. Bevers in the Upper Engadine; also with small fls, but
approaching P. salisburgensis.

146

Rosaceee.

base. P. rubens Crantz. — Sunny bills, wood-sides. Only
known for certain in northern Switz.: Bale, Aargau,
Zurich, Schaffh. 4, 5 . . . opaca L. 720.

23. Rad. Is distichous on the rt-stock. Leaflets with silken,
shining hairs at the edge, which make them ap¬
pear as if surrounded by a silvery border as in Alclie-
milla alpina. — Pasturages of Alp., subalp. and Jura. 6

aurea L. 721.

— Rad. Is spirally arranged. Edges of leaflets not silvery-

silken. Type of P. verna ..... 2 A

24. Stipules of the rad. Is oval-lanceolate PI. gen. more
vigorous than P. verna, with softer hairs; leaflets gen.
broader, overlapping at their edges, terminal tooth scarcely
shorter than the lateral ones. FIs of a darker yellow.
P. maculata Pourr. P. villosa Crantz, debilis Schl., bal-
densis Kern. P. alpestris Hall f. P. jurana Reut. (forma
accedens ad vernam). — b. firma Gaud, (sabauda Dec.).
Stems stiffer, red; Is more shortly petioled; leaflets
broader, with more crowded, obtuser teeth; fls smaller
(Zermatt).— Alp., subalp. and Jura. 6

salisburgensis Hank. 722.*)

— Stipules of the rad. Is linear . . . 25

25. Leaflets (especially of the summer Is) with scattered
stellate hairs below (which do not form an intricate
tomentum). P. cinerea Gaud, quoad loc. vales. — Hills,
grassy places; middle and lower Wall., Priittigau; some¬
times in company with P. verna! 4 Gaudini Grml. 723. **)

— Leaflets entirely without stell. hairs . . . 2(>

26. Hairs of the petioles applied or at least directed for¬

wards, rarely spreading almost horizontally, but then
rather stiff. Leaflets obovate or obovate-cuneiform, toothed
only in their upper third part or as low as the middle
(rarely oblong, of an equal breadth, and toothed almost
throughout their whole length). — Sunny places, hills,
grassy places, walls; everywhere. 4 . verna L. 724.

— Hairs of the petioles spreading almost horizontally.

Hybrids of 720 and 724? ..... 27

27. Fls large (18 — 25 w/n, larger and of a deeper yellow
than in the last); pets incised. Leaflets large, cuneiform-
obovate, inciso-dentate only towards the end. Pis more
robust than the last, with a pubescence recalling that
of P. opaca, at last tinted with red. — Hills, wood-edges;
S. (Wangenthal near Osterfingerbad) ; Z. (Gailinger Berg,

*) According to Zimmeter this species should be P. verna L., while P. verna
auct. should = P. opaca L., and lastly P. opaca auct. = P. rubens Crantz.

**) An allied form: P. tiroliensis Zimm., mouth of the Tamioa near

Ragatz.

Rosace®.

147

Winterthur !) entirely identical also in the Pyrenees! and
according to Freyn in Catalonia. 4 *aurulenta Grml. 725. *)

— FIs small; pets not incised! Leaflets small, oblong-ob-

ovate, toothed about as far as the middle, with rather
obtuse teeth. PI. tinged at last with a dirty brown-red,
forming spreading, almost depressed tufts. — Wangenthal
near Osterfingen with the last, Hard and Noftenbach,
Canton Zurich 4 . * prostrata Grml. 726.

28(20). Stem ascending-erect, 3 — 10-fld, 10 — 20 cm high. FIs
fairly large.— Yar. : more spreading, with smaller Is,
and silky pubescence (v. pedemontana Reut.; Zermatt).
— Alp. 7 . grandiflora L. 727.

— Stem prostrate or ascending, 2 — 7 cm high, 1 — 2-fld 2f)
29. Leaflets of a dull green, very villous on both sides. —

High Alp. (wanting in V.) 7 . . . frigida Vill. 728.

— Leaflets bright-green, glabr. above. Like a P. verna in
miniature. — High Alp. and Reculet in the Jura. 7

minima Hall. f. 729.

OBS. Hybrids : P. alba- Fragariastr uni (hybrida Wallr., splendens Koch
not Rani.) ; P. aurea-minitna (semiternata Hut. Port.) ; /'. Fraguriustrum-mi-
crantha (spuria Kern.); P. frigida- grandiflora (valesiaca Huet.); P. frigida-
muitifida (pennina Grml., ambigua Gaud, not Jacquem.) ; P. grandiflora salis-
burgetisis (rhaetica-Grml.) ; /'. niinitna-sa/isburgensls ; P. multijida-salisburgensis
(geranioides Sehl. not Willd.).

172. Sibbaldia. Sibbaldia. V, 148.

1. PI. small. Ls. ternate; leaflets cuneiform, 3-toothed at
the top. — High Alp . Reculet and Mont Tendre. G

procumbens L. 730

173. Agrimonia. Agrimony. XI, 4. VII, 1. VIII, 17. IX, 1.

1. Tube of the fr.-cal. deeply furrowed almost to the base.
Stem 50 — 80 cm. Ls without glands underneath. — Thickets,
wood-sides; distrib. G . . Eupatoria L. 731.

— Tube of the fr.-cal. slightly furrowed only as far as the

middle, thicker than in the last. Stem higher. Ls gland-
ulous underneath. — As the last but much rarer; V. Wiesen-
thal near Hale. Gaissau opposite Rheineck. Gams, Dis-
sentis. 6 . . . . . . odorata Mill. 732.

174. Rosa. Rose. XII, 23.

For a complete herbarium specimen a twig should be taken with the
fr. developed and still bearing the calyx divisions —Comp. Christ, Rosen
der Schweiz (and the supplement to this work in R. B. Z.), this excellent
book we have taken as our basis. Also: Godet, FI. du Jura; Deseglise,
Cat.; and Burnat et Gremli, les Roses des Alpes maritimes. — It is
to be noticed that all the roses which have the divisions of the cal. erect
have villous styles, or, which amounts to the same, that in all the species
which have glabr. styles, the divisions of the cal. are bent back on the fr.

*) Other intermediate forms between P. verna and P. opaca are : P.vito-
duriensis Siegf. (f. subverna) and P. turicensis Siegf. (f. subopaca).

148

Rosacese.

a. Eglanterige.

1. FIs yellow. Anthers sagittate. — Hills; AY. (apparently

quite spontaneous on the gypseous rocks near Rax:
Wolf!); otherwise in gardens. 6 . lutea Mill. 733.

— FIs purple, rose or white ..... 2

b. Cinnamomese.

2. Stipules of the non-flower-bearing branches narrow,
with erect edges, almost conniving in a tube.
Prickles bent and placed in pairs one opp. the other
under the stipules. Leaflets simply toothed, gray-hairy
underneath, without glands. Peduncles glabr. Branches
of a red-brown. — b . ful gens Christ. Shrubs with shorter,
more leafy, branches. — Water-side, turf-moors; Jouxthal,
Belpmoos, Klingnau, Winterthur, Schaffh.&c. ; b. Central
Alp. (Lower Engadine, Upper Wall.). 5

cinnamomea L. 734.

— Stipules of non-fl. -bearing branches rather flat. Prickles

gen. scattered, more rarely, on the fl. -bearing branches,
in pairs ......... 3

3. Prickles very unequal, i. e. besides the large prick¬

les there are a number of smaller ones, setaceous and
sometimes glandiferous, at least in the lower part of
the pi.; in R. alpina the 11. -bearing branches are gen.
without prickles ....... 4:

— Prickles similar, i. e. of the same form and size in

the same part of a branch; in some species (esp. those
with glandular Is) sometimes mixed with smaller setee,
but then the large prickles are bent. (Leaflets 5 — 7,
rarely 9) ........ 11

4. Prickles all quite straight, weak, setaceous, or rather

stronger, subulate. (Peduncles of moderate length, or
long; divisions of the cal. erect on the fr. and per¬
sistent until maturity) ...... ,5

— The large prickles more or less bent. (Divisions of

the cal. pinnatifid; leaflets 3 — 7, rarely 9) . 10

c. Pimpinelleae.

5. Divisions of the cal. entire, rarely one or other with

an appendage. Peduncles gen. solitary and without
bracts,, glabr. or with stip. glands. Leaflets gen. more

than 7 (9 — 11, rarely 5 — 7) ..... 6*

— Divisions of the cal. slightly pinnatifid. Peduncles 1 — 3,

with or without bracts, with stip. glands. Leaflets 5 — 7.
(Cor. white or pale-rose) ..... .9

G. Peduncles bent back after flowering, rarely straight.
(Fr. red, gen. narrowed to a neck towards the top;
leaflets glabr. or almost so) ..... 7

Rosacea;.

149

— Peduncles always straight. Fr. globular or ovoid S
7. Cor. of a bright purple-red. Fl.-branches gen. unarmed.

Leaflets 7 — 11, gen. oblong, thin, without glands under¬
neath, rarely with scattered glands (v. scabriuscula Chr.,
if the leaflets are, at the same time, almost orbicular) ;
teeth of the leaflets almost acuminate, glandular; rarely
simple and without glands (v. simplicidens). Stipules of
the fl.-branches enlarged, with oblong auricles. Divisions
of the cal. terminated by a rather enlarged appendage.
Fr. gen. ovoid-oblong, rather obliquely narrowed to a
neck at the top, sometimes (v. lagenaria Vi 11.) elongated,
bottle-shaped, rarely (v. globosa Desv.) globular. — Var.
with glabr. and hispid-glandular (v. pvrenaica Gon.)
peduncles, leaflets almost 3 times as small and at the
same time with straight fr. -peduncles (v. parvifolia Favr.);
also with geminate peduncles and branches covered
with subulate often geminate prickles (v. aculeata Ser..
adjecta D.*) — Mount, and subalp.; distrib. 6

alpina L. 735.

— Cor. as in the last. Fl.-branches with prickes. Leaflets
5—7, oval, firmer than in the last, whitish-green under¬
neath and with scattered glands. Teeth, stipules and
cal. -divisions as in the last, but fr. shorter and less
distinctly narrowed at the top. — Engadine; Chr. 6

reversa ? W. K. 736

— Cor. pale rose or white. FI -branches with prickles. Almost

equally related to R. alpina and R. spinos.; leaflets 7 — 9,
smaller and shorter than in R. alp.; teeth shorter, less
glandular or almost without glands ; stipules rather nar¬
rower than in R. alpina, but broader than in Ii. spinos.
from which (the latter) it is distinguished easily by the
red fr. slightly narrowed at the top, and borne on curved
peduncles; by stems with fewer prickles, and by more-
elongated leaflets, with teeth partly glandular. R. alpina-
spinosissima; R. gentilis Koch. — Jura (Saleve, Mont
Forel near Beaulmes, Chaumont, Ravellenfluh, Scliarten-
fluh, Ramsfluh). 6 . . . . * rubella Sm. 737.

8(6). Leaflets small, 7 — 9, oval-orbicular, glabr., gen.
simply toothed and not glandular underneath, rarely
(b. Sirei Christ .) doubly toothed and with scattered
glands underneath. Stipules narrow, suddenly widened
towards the top, with lanceolate, diverging auricles.
Peduncles gen. glabr. Peduncles white, rarely rather rose-
coloured (v. rosea). Fr. globular, blackish at maturity.
R. pimpinellifolia auct. — Var. with less numerous, smaller

*) D. = Peseglise ; Chr. = Christ.

150

Rosacese.

prickles and at the same time larger and stronger ones
(v. spreta D.), or entirely unarmed (v. mitissima Grml.),
with peduncles hispid-glandular (v. liispida), and with
fr. peculiarly pear-shaped, narrowed into the peduncle
(v. Mathoneti D.). — Stony slopes of the Jura from Geneva
to Schaffh. Roche! 0. 5 . . spinosissima L. 738.

— Leaflets 7, elliptic, hairy and glandular under¬

neath, doubly toothed; teeth narrower and directed more
forwards. Stipules less suddenly dilated at the top,
with oblong auricles. Peduncles hispid-glandular. Pets
of a gray-rose-colour underneath, purplish above. Fr.
ovoid, red. R. mollis-spinosissima? — Rochefort, Canton
Neuchatel. 6 . * dichroa Lerch. 739.

9(5). Leaflets softly gray-tomentose (almost villous)
underneath doubly toothed, at least those of the lower
Is of the fl. -branches, with hidden subfoliar glands. Dis¬
tinguished from R. mollis, vestita and the allied forms
by the unequal prickles and the roundish-oval leaflets
of R. spinosissima. R. coronata Gren. R. involuta Sm.
— b. Ravel Ice Christ, Leaflets more elongated, less hairy,
with the underside and the teeth covered with more
numerous glands. — c. subs implex Grml. Leaflets almost or
entirely without subfoliar glands, with not very glandular
teeth, sometimes indeed simple. — Saleve near Geneva,
Ravellenfluh, Canton Solothurn, Lagern. 6

Sabini Woods. 740.

— Leaflets almost entirely glabr., simply or indistinctly
double toothed, without subfoliar glands. Prickles L'a
larger than in R. spinos. — Saleve. 6 * sabauda Rapin. 741.

d. Gallicanae.

10(4). Leaflets 3 — 5, large, rather leathery and dry, round-
oval or broad-elliptic, with broadly-rounded or almost
cordate base, rather obtuse at the end, without sub¬
foliar glands, net-veined and grayish underneath, often
folded together and bent back; teeth superficial, broad,
spreading, without glands or with 1 — 3. Stipules nar¬
row. Peduncles long, hispid-glandular. Cor. large, very
open, bright-rose or almost purplish. Large prickles slender,
slightly bent; smaller ones very numerous. — Var.: shrub
of 3 — 5 dm, few- or 1-fld (a. austriaca Crantz) ; and
higher 5 — 12-fld, at the same time with sharp teeth (b. elata
Chr.). — Tess , Geneva, Zurich (Marthalen), Schaffh. 6

gallica L. 742.

— - Leaflets 5 — 7, fairly large, thin, glabr., broad-elliptic
or oval, pointed or short - acuminate, almost without
subfoliar* glands; teeth, especially the foremost ones,
large, penetrating deeply, very sharp and directed

Rosace®.

151

forwards, less glandular than in R. Jundzilli. Stipules
broader than in R. gallica. Peduncles fairly long, hispid-
glandular. Cor. rose-coloured, smaller than in R. Jund¬
zilli. Large prickles long, slender, very slightly
bent; small ones fairly numerous. Rather low shrubs.
R. Jundzilli heteracantha Chr., R. gallica-Jundzilli ? —
Between Osterfingen and Jestetten , frontier between
Baden and Schaffh. G . . *porrigens Grml. 742 a.

— Leaflets 5 — 7, small or of moderate size, round-oval,
oval or oblong-cuneiform, gland u 1 a r underneath. Cor.
small or fairly small. Large prickles vigorous, hooked 14

e. Synstylse.

11(3). Styles united in a glabr., prominent column,
equalling the stas. Divisions of the cal. short, almost
entire. Stem prostrate or decumbent, with erect
fl. -branches. Peduncles long, finely hispid-glandular.
Cor. white. Var. : pi. larger, 5 — 10-fld, fls united in a
corymb (v. umbellata God.); leaflets almost shining
underneath with long thick hairs (v. transalpina Chr.);
and with glabr. peduncles (v. leevipes). — Distrib. 6, 7

arvensis Huds. 743.

— Styles separate or adhering together in a short, not pro¬

minent column (comp. R. stylosa). Outer divisions of
the cal. gen. pinnatifid ...... 12

12. Leaflets glandular underneath, at least on the stronger

lateral nerves (these subfoliar glands are sometimes
only distinct on the lower Is of the fl. -branches), always
doubly toothed, i. e. the teeth flanked by one or several
small teeth terminated by a gland . . . 13

— Leaflets without glands underneath or glandular at
most on the central nerve (not on the lateral nerves *),
simply (/. e. without glands), or doubly toothed 37

13. Leaflets small or of moderate size, with numerous
glands underneath and spread over the whole under¬
surface. Prickles, at least the larger ones, falcate 14

— Subfoliar glands rare, only on the stronger lateral

nerves, or fairly numerous, but then the prickles are
straight, or almost so, and the leaflets large . 24

f. Rubiginosne.

14. Prickles unequal, i. e. by the side of large falcate
prickles there are many smaller straight ones. (Ped-

*) For the subfoliar glands it is always necessary to examine the
lower Is of the fl. -branches. By way of exception there are also some caninie
(with cal.-divisions erect on the fr ) which have isolated subfoliar glands on
the lateral nerves.

152

Rosacese.

uncles, and gen. also the back of the cal. -divisions,
hispid-glandular, rarely almost or quite glabr.) . 15

— Prickles equal, i. e. the branches bearing no small,

straight ones ....... 16, 17

15. Leaflets oval or oblong, often rather cuneiform at the

base, when young gen. glandular on both sides,
the subfoliar glands very small, sometimes partly dis¬
appearing with age. Dense shrubs with a scent resem¬
bling that of the pink. Peduncles short, with few stip.
glands. Cor. bright rose-coloured. Styles short, woolly.
It. caryopyllacea Chr. not Bess. — Lower Engadine (Tarasp,
Schuls), Bormio in Yeltlin. 6 . rhaetica Grml. 744.

— Leaflets almost always without glands above, but the
subfoliar glands more numerous than in the last 16, 17

16. 17. Peduncles and the back of the cal. -divisions his¬
pid-glandular. . . . . . . 18

— Peduncles and the back of cal. -divisions gen. glabr.
(Cor. white or pale rose-coloured; cal. -lobes and their
divisions elongated, narrow.) Type of R. sepium 22

18. Cal. -divisions spreading or erect on the fr., persistent
at least until the fr. becomes coloured. Styles hairy
or woolly ........ If)

— Cal.-divisions reflexed on the fr., falling early (gen.

before or during the colouring of the fr.). Styles glabr.
or almost so. (Shrubs with lax, arched branches). Type
of R. micrantha . . . . . . .21

19. Cor. white. Leaflets of a yellowish green; prickles
similar, yellowish; peduncles and styles rather longer
than those of R. rubiginosa, but the styles less hairy.
Leaflets orbicular-oval, rounded at the base. Peduncles
very hispid-glandular. — Schaffh.(Piemont! Wiirtemberg).6

Gremlii Christ. 745.

— Cor. of a bright rose-colour. Styles woolly . . 20

20. Leaflets oval or orbicular - oval, gen. broadly rounded
at the base and more or less hairy, with broad, spread¬
ing teeth. Peduncles short, as long or scarcely longer
than the fr., covered with unequal stip. glands mingled
with fine prickles which often descend below the in¬
florescence. Cor. small. Styles short. Fr. globular or
ovoid.*) — a. umbellata Leers. Dense shrubs with short
branches, not unusually with unequal prickles (lietera-
canthous); peduncles often 3 — 7 — 15.— b. comosa Rip.
Branches and prickles rather longer; peduncles 1 — 3;
teeth of the leaflets rather more acute and cal.-divisions
longer and narrower than in the last variety.— Distrib. 6

rubiginosa L. 746.

*) V dwarf form with prickles almost straight: var. rotundifolia Ran.;

the same with very unequal prickles : var. pimpinelloides G. Mey.

Rosace®.

153

— Leaflets oval, rather cuneiform at the base; teeth deep
and slightly directed forwards (as in R. sepium). Ped¬
uncles long. Cor. large. Styles long. Prickles unequal.
R. gallica-sepium Rap. olim.; R. Ivluckii Gren. jur. non
Bess.! R. formulosa Gren. rev. G anisopoda Christ. 747.

— Leaflets oblong, often slightly cuneiform at the base,
dark green, almost glabr. Subfoliar glands less numer¬
ous and smaller, teeth of the leaflets rather finer and
more closely set than in R. rubig., peduncles longer,
with fairly equal, sometimes rare, stip. glands. Fr. gen.
elongated. Lax shrubs, with elongated, flexible branches
covered with, gen. equal, prickles. Bale, Schaffh. Zurich. 6

flagellaris Christ. 748.

21 (18). Leaflets small, oblong, often rather cuneiform at the
base, glabr., or hairy only underneath on the central
nerve. Peduncles fairly long, with almost equal stip.
glands. Fr. oblong. Prickles similar. Cor. rather more
brightly coloured than in the following. Teeth of the
leaflets sharper, closer. R. Hystrix Lem. — Probably here
and there. 6 . Lemanii Bor. 749.

— Leaflets of moderate size, or small (often rather larger

than in R. rubiginosa) , oval, delicate, light green,
more or less hairy. Peduncles fairly long, with, nearly
equal, stip. glands, rarely (b. permixta D.) unequal and
mixed with small prickles. Fr. ovoid. Differing from R.
rubig. by its laxer and longer branches, its, gen. similar,
prickles, its leaflets rather pointed at the base, its more
acute teeth, its longer peduncles, pale fls, glabr. styles
and its cal. -divisions reflexed on the fr. and falling
early. R. nemorosa Lib. (leaflets large), R. diminuta
Bor. (leaflets and fls small). —Probably distrib. (fairly
common in western Switz.) 6 . . micrantha Sm. 750.

— Leaflets of moderate size, oval-oblong, rather hard, dark-

green above, paler underneath, almost glabr.; subfoliar
glands, especially on the upper Is of the fl.-branches,
rarer, stipitate. Peduncles often peculiarly long and
rather bent, with unequal, stip. glands mixed with small
prickles which often descend below the inflorescence.
Fr. ovoid, rather contracted at the top. Differing from
R. Pouzini in the more numerous subfoliar glands, the
glandular-hispid peduncles, and the teeth being broader
and not so deep. Distinguished from R. rubiginosa by
the longer peduncles, the glabr. styles and the cal.-
divisions reflexed on the fr. R. hispanica Chr. p., R.
micrantha calvescens Burnat et Grml., R. viscidula Gren.
ex Bouv. — Mornay! Savoy (near Thonon) ; Bormio! I
have gathered it in Provence. 6 . viscida Pug. 751.

— Comp, valesiaca 27.

12

154

Rosacea;.

22 (16. 17). Cal. -divisions erect on the fr. and persisting
at least till the colouring of the fr. Styles woolly,
short, capitate. Leaflets oblong or oval, more or less
cuneiform at the base, enlarged towards the top and
often rather obtuse. Peduncles often shorter than in
R. sepium; the tips of the branches often reddish. — a.
cheriensis D. (Billetii Pug. if the teeth are more obtuse
and the peduncles hairy). Petioles almost tomentose. —
b. Jordani D. Petioles almost glabr.; leaflets often rather
larger. — Mount, and subalp.; W. Y. B. 0. and fairly
distrib., at least in western Switz. 6 graveolens Gren. 752.*)

— Cal. -divisions reflexed on the fr. and falling early (as

in R. canina). Styles glabr., rarely villous . . 23

23. Leaflets oblong or narrow-elliptic, gen. narrowed at
both ends, in any case at the base. Distinguished from
R. rubiginosa, micrantlia and their allies by the ped¬
uncles always being glabr.; differing from R. tomentella
in having more numerous subfoliar glands, in form and
in the toothing of the Is &c. Cor. almost always white.
R. agrestis Savi! — a. typica (virgulatorum Rip. if the
fr. is globular). Leaflets rather small, narrow-elliptic,
narrowed at both ends, almost glabr. ; teeth deep, pointed,
directed forwards; styles glabr. — b . pubescens Rap. (arva-
tica Pug.?). Leaflets larger of a yellowish green, oblong,
broader towards the top, more obtuse, hairy; teeth not
so deep or sharp; styles villous; shrubs often rather
low and with large fls. — c. mentita D. Leaflets large,
elliptic-obovate, almost glabr.; teeth not very deep;
subfoliar glands not numerous. FI. -branches without
prickles. Mont Clou, Lower Wall.! — Probably distrib,
at least in western Switz., rather later than R. rubi¬
ginosa. 6 . sepium Thuill. 758.

— Leaflets oval, rounded at the base or scarcely pointed;
subfoliar glands often less numerous. Resembling R. tomen¬
tella, and (except for the glabr. peduncles) R. micrantlia.
— W. Y. (Outrerhone, Eclepens). 6 abscondita Chr. 754.

*Spec. incertse sedis.

24 (13). Peduncles glabr., rarely hispid-glandular. Cor. white
or of a pale rose-colour. Styles hairy. Prickles large, bent.
Cal. -divisions reflexed on the fr., with numerous broad
appendages. Differing from R. dumetorum in the double¬
toothed leaflets, which are gen. more rounded and have
scattered glands underneath. R. tomentosa dume-

*) Rarely found with scattered stip. glands on the peduncles and fls of
a bright rose-colour. Comp, also R. Vetteri Favrat. N. Beitr. 1, 10. = glauca-
graveolens?

Rosacese.

155

torum Gaud.! — a. tgpica. Leaflets oval or oval-orbicular,
gen. gray-hairy on both sides; teeth not deep, spread¬
ing. — b. affinis Ran. Leaflets oblong, often rather pointed
at both ends, more faintly hairy; teeth more acute — c.
nudci Grml. (scabrata Crep.?) The same, but entirely glabr.
d. concinna Tjagg. Pug. Leaflets of the typical form but
not very hairy or almost glabr.; teeth deeper, directed
forwards; styles almost or entirely glabr. — e. tirolensis
Kern. Peduncles hispid-glandular; styles glabr.; sub-
foliar glands rather more numerous. — f. Borreri I Voods.
Branches with scattered setaceous prickles. — Probably
distrib., at least in western Switz. 6

tomentella Lem. 755.*)

— Peduncles hispid-glandular ..... 25

25. Cal. -divisions reflexed on the fr., falling early . 2(>

— Cal. -divisions spreading or erect on the fr., persisting

at least till the fr. is coloured. (Styles hairy) . 2t>

26. Styles glabr. Prickles bent in the form of a sickle,

rarely almost straight. Cor. small, or of moderate size,
white or pale rose-coloured ..... 27

— Styles hairy. Prickles almost straight, gen. not numer¬

ous. Cor. large, bright rose-coloured, resembling
that of R. gallica! Gen. rather low shrubs . . 28

27. Leaflets small, rather tough, shining, glabr. or almost
so, elliptic. Branches thin, often reddish, flexible, the
fl. -branches bearing prickles. R. hispanica Chr. p. — Folla-
terres, Bovernier, Lower Wall. 6 . Pouzini Tratt. 750.**)

— Leaflets fairly large, thin, hairy at least on the stronger
nerves underneath, oval. Fl. -branches without prickles.
R. Blondseana Delas. p. — Wall. 6

valesiaca Lagg. Pug. 757.***)

28. Leaflets glabr. on both sides, elliptic, acute or acu¬
minate (the small ones, except in the toothing, resem¬
bling those of R. canina); teeth acute or acuminate,
spreading obliquely or directed forwards. Fr. oblong
or ovoid, rarely globular. — Differing from the typical
form of R. canina in its, gen. lower, growth; the stems

*) The forms of R. abietina with glabr. peduncles (Friesii, Gisleri)
differ in the widely-separated leaflets, of a bluish-gray uuderneath.

**) Our form (var. subintrans Gren.) differs from that of the south of
France. This latter has leaflets of which the lateral nerves are without glands ;
it does not differ much from the hispid forms, with glabr. styles, of R. canina
but its prickles are more distinctly sickle-shaped, its teeth very deep and
branches thin, flexible and coloured with red.

***) R. salvanensis Delas. (Lusseri Lagg. Pug.?) appears to be a
form of R. micrantha with densely villous leaflets and subfoliar glands rather
rare. — Comp, also R. tomentella tiroliensis, and R. abietina Gisleri.

156

Rosaceee.

often isolated, not much branched ; the branches pruinose ;
the prickles rare, almost straight; the leaflets larger,
tougher, almost triply toothed, slightly net-veined under¬
neath and with scattered glands; the peduncles very
hispid-glandular; the corollas large, bright rose-coloured
and the cal.-divisions covered with numerous glands on
the back and bearing numerous long, narrow appendages.
R. Godeti Gren.; R. virgata et biformis Grml.; R. Ali-
othi Chr. ; R. gallica-canina auct. p. (is certainly no
hybrid!). — Rare: Neuchatel, Solotliurn, Aarg. , Bale,
Schaffh. 6 . trachyphy lla Rau. 758.

— Leaflets often very large, more or less hairy at least

underneath, often with more numerous subfoliar glands
than in the last, broad-elliptic, rounded at the base or
almost cordate,1 rather acute or slightly obtuse, resem¬
bling those of R. gallica, except for the teeth which
are deeper and sharper); teeth broader than in the last,
spreading or oblique. Fr. large, globular or rather
narrowed towards the base (turbinate). R. Jundzilliana
Bess.; R. aspreticola Grml. ; R. gallica-rubiginosa auct. p.
(certainly not a hybrid!) — b. Pugeti Bor. (foetida Rent,
not Bast.!) Leaflets rather smaller, closer, rather more
acute at the base, with more numerous subfoliar glands ;
teeth sharper, more glandular and directed forwards.—
Rare: Geneva, Schaffh., Bachtel near Wald, Canton
Zurich; b. Geneva, Schaffh. 6 . Jundzilli Bess. 759.*)

29 (25). Leaflets entirely glabr., rather distant and often
tinted with red. Prickles slightly bent. Critical species,
often confounded with certain forms of R. montana
and R. glauoa. R. Laggeri Pug. ex Chr. — Mount, and
subalp., rare. Yaud, Saleve! Freib., Neuchatel. 6

alpestris Rap. 760.

— Leaflets more or less hairy, in all cases the petioles

hairy ......... 30

30. Leaflets with scattered hairs, glabr. above . . 31

— Leaflets hairy-tomentose, never glabr. above. (Prickles

long, straight or almost so) ..... 33

31. Leaflets small or of moderate size, oval or round-oval,
often obtuse at the top, rather distant from one another,
bluish-gray underneath, with not very deep teeth. Pet¬
ioles tomentose, with almost sessile glands, red. Prickles
more or less (but often very slightly) bent. Peduncles
rather short, more or less hispid-glandular as also the

*) R. speciosa D., the typical form with setaceous prickles descending
below the inflorescence and R. pseudoflexuosa D. var. Fugeti, with sim¬
ilar prickles descending to the branches, I have, hitherto, only seen from
France.

Rosaceae.

157

back of the cal. -divisions and often also the fr. Prickles
slenderer and cal. -appendages narrower than in R. to-
raentella. R. foetida Gren. not Bast., R. conferta Pug.,
Dematranea Pug.? Thomasii Pug.? Friesii Lagg. et Pug.?
not Sclieutz. — T. G.! W.! Vaud! Freib.! Bernese Oberland.
Uri! Central and northern Jura. 6 abietina Gren. 761.*)

— Leaflets large, oval or gen. oblong. Prickles almost or

quite straight, long, slender. (Cal. -divisions with a term¬
inal, slightly enlarged, appendage) . . . 32

32. Fr. small, almost globular, drawn together at the top.
Peduncles fairly short, often several. Prickles rather
bent. Differing from R. trachyphylla in the hairy petioles,
the shorter peduncles and the cal. -divisions spreading
or erect on the fr. R. tomentosa var. Crep.; R. glauca-
tomentosa? Favrat.— Mount, and subalp., rare. Vaud,
Freib. 6 . Cotteti Lagg. Pug. 762.**)

— Fr. large, ovoid, narrowed in the form of a neck towards
the top. Peduncles long, gen. solitary. Teeth of leaflets
deep, finely acuminate, directed forwards, with
numerous glands. Prickles rare, straight, suddenly
dilated at the base. Often resembling R. alpina in habit.
Subfoliar glands often slightly stipitate. R. Berneti
Sclimidely. N. Beitr. I, 10, and R. marginata God. (leaf¬
lets glabr.) are also connected with this. — Mount, and
subalp.; Jura from* Geneva to Bale and Aarau; also
G. W. B. O. Z. (Albis). 6 spinulifolia Dematra. 763.***)

33 (30). Leaflets small or of moderate size, oval or round-
oval, rarely oblong; the terminal leaflet scarcely larger
than the lateral ones. Prickles gen. slightly bent. Comp.
R. abietina . 31.

— Leaflets large, grayish, oblong, more rarely oval, the

terminal one often distinctly larger than the lateral ones
Prickles straight or almost so, long, slender . 34

*) Examples with glabr. leaflets (Lax in Wall.!) resemble R. montana.—
It is necessary to separate from this species the following forms connected
by Christ with R. abietina; R. distans Chr. ! Leaflets green on both sides
glabr. or almost so underneath, more or less strongly haired above (!) ; prickles
straight or almost so. Resembling R. trachyphylla but the cal. -divisions re¬
flexed on the fr. Schaffh. (Hemmenthal.) — R. Gisleri Pug. Peduncles very
long; styles glabr.; ca). -divisions remaining reflexed. Uri.— R. orophila
(Gren.?) Chr. and R. Favratl Christ.! appear to us to be composed of
various forms. R. abietina glaronensis Chr.! appears to be allied to R.
coriifolia or R. dumetorum.

**) The following appear to be allied forms : R. Godetae Chr. (alpestris
God. non Rap.) from Canton Neuchatel, and R. marginata Wallr. (tomen¬
tosa var. Rap.) from Salcve, this last has leaflets entirely glabr., of a bluish
green colour.

***) Probably a collective species; the plant of the Jura, according to
Favrat may be alpina-mollis. The forms which are rather more hairy differ
from R. vestita in having more acute leaflets, glandular underneath, darker
cor. &c. ; the glabr. forms differ from R. salaevensis in a more compound
toothing, subfoliar glands, &c.

15S

Roeaceae.

g. Villosge.

34. Dense shrubs with rather short, straight branches.

Peduncles short. Cor. bright rose-colour. (Cal.-
divisions erect on the fr., persistent until maturity and
often continuing to grow. Styles woolly; fr. soon be¬
coming pulpy sometimes slightly drooping) . . 35

— Shrubs laxer, with longer, curved branches. Peduncles of

moderate length or long. Cor. pale rose or almost white.
Fr.-disk broader than in the last. Prickles less finely
pointed, often slightly arched .... 33

35. Cal. -tube and peduncles gen thickly covered with strong

stip. glands resembling small prickles. Leaflets
gen. large, oblong with equal breadth, or elliptic, broad
and rounded at the base. Shrubs of V2 to l1 2 m. Fr.
large, gen. globular. — a. eglcindulosa (typica Exc. fl.
4th edit.). Leaflets large, densely villous, without glands
on either side. — b. recondita Pug. Leaflets large, hairy,
with numerous small, pale glands underneath. — c. pro¬
ximo, Cott. ex Chr. (mollis-pomifera?). Leaflets large,
hairy with abundant glands underneath or on both sides,
but broader, often rather acute; petioles covered with
numerous stip. glands and with small prickles which
descend partly, as also the villosity, to the branches;
prickles numerous, often clustered together under the
petioles. (Col de Chaude above Yilleneuve). — d. Grenieri
I). Leaflets smaller and often narrower or almost cunei¬
form, covered with a dense (almost shining) villosity,
with or without scattered, coloured, subfoliar glands.
— e. Gaudini Pug. Leaflets large, almost glabr., with
abundant coloured glands underneath or on both sides;
teeth broader. — f. friburgensis Lagg. Leaflets smaller,
almost glabr., with abundant glands underneath or on
both sides, the glands slightly stipitate; teeth sharper,
very glandular; differing from R. spinulifolia in the
more abundant prickles, the shorter peduncles and the
fr. being covered with small glandiferous prickles, not
neck-shaped (Montbovon). — Mount., subalp. and Alp.,
especially in the central chain (W. T.); very rare in
the Jura. 6 . pomifera Herrm. 764.

— Cal. -tube and peduncles covered with weaker stip. glands,
the glands rarely (var. spinescens Chr. = mollis-pomi¬
fera?) supported by small setaceous prickles. Leaflets
wrinkled, gen. smaller, closer, and often broader than
in the last, oval or obovate, covered with a dense, soft
(often shining) villosity, with smaller, shorter, closer,
very glandular teeth. Low shrubs (1 m). Branches often
covered with a bloom and streaked with violet-red;

Rosacete.

159

cal.-divisions shorter than in R. pomifera; t'r. often
pear- or club-shaped. R. mollissiraa Fr. not Willd.;
R. ciliatopetala Koch.; R. omissa D. Not always easily
distinguished from the last, to which it is closely allied.
— Mount, and subalp.; G. W. Y. B. 0. J. U. 6

mollis Sm. 765.

36. Fr. ovoid-oblong, distinctly narrowed towards the top
like the neck of a bottle. Cal.-divisions erect on the fr.,
persistent. Styles woolly. Leaflets (often large and 7 — 9
in number) crowded, often touching. Prickles gen. rare,
always straight. R. alpina-tomentosa ! Differing from R.
mollis in habit, and the teeth of its leaflets being longer
and sharper; peduncles longer, fls lighter coloured and
fr. more neck-shaped. Comp. R. spinulifolia. — Mount, and
subalp., rare. Bouveret, Saleve, Chaumont, Grandelfluh,
Albis, Homli &c. 6 * vestita God. 766.

— Fr. oblong, ovoid or globular not narrowed like the
neck of a bottle. Cal -divisions spreading or erect on
the fr., gen. falling before maturity. Styles glabr., or
hairy. Leaflets gen. rather distant. Prickles straight or
slightly bent. Differing from R. pomifera and R. mollis
in its laxer and long-branching growth (as in R. canina),
the teeth of the leaflets broader, less glandular, some¬
times almost simple, the peduncles longer, the cor.
paler, the cal.-divisions gen. falling before maturity,
and the fr. becoming pulpy later.— a. Smithiana Ser.
Leaflets with a dense villosity underneath, soft to the
touch, without glands, doubly toothed: teeth broad, cal.-
divisions falling before maturity; fr. ovoid or oblong. —
b. subglobosa Sm. (ciliatopetala God. not Bess., dimorpha
Gren., dumosa Pug., micans D.! this last has tomentose
fl. -branches). Leaflets with a dense villosity underneath,
soft to the touch, without glands, irreg. or almost simply
toothed; cal.-divisions very weU developed, persist, for
a longer time; fr. globular; peduncles often several.
— c. collivaga Cott. (coriifolia-tomentosa?). Leaflets with
a close tomentum underneath, without glands, doubly
toothed; cal.-divisions persist, until maturity; fr. slightly
neck-shaped towards the top; peduncles short. — d. de-
colorctns Chr. Leaflets with a dense villosity underneath,
without glands or almost so, irreg. or almost simply
toothed, with not very deep, almost obtuse teeth ; cal.-
divisions as in var. a, but fr. obovate, small. — e. sca-
briuscula Sm.*) Leaflets less hairy underneath , but

*) Herr Christ distinguishes 1. CUSpidatoides Crep. (cuspidata auct.
not Bieb.) Subfoliar glands stipitate, scented ; fr. globular. 2. scabriuscula.
Subfoliar glands seBsile ; fr. oblong.

160

Rosacete.

with more or less abundant glands, consequently rather
rough to the touch, distinctly double toothed, with
sharper, more glandular teeth; cal. -divisions falling
before maturity; styles slender-haired or almost glabr.
— f. cristala Chr. (Amdrzeiowskii D. not Stev.). Differing
from the preceeding forms by its cal. -tubes being entirely
covered (as in R. pomifera) with stip. glands; leaflets
double toothed; cal. -divisions erect, persistent.*) —
Distrib.; c., d. and f. rare. 6 . tomentosa Sm. 767.

h. Caninge.

37 (12). Leaflets hairy on both sides or at least underneath
on the stronger nerves and on the petiole • . 3S

— Leaflets g 1 a b r. on both sides, having, at most, scattered

hairs on the petiole ...... 47

38. Prickles long, straight, slender, suddenly dilated at the
base. Leaflets large, oblong or oblong-oval, gen. gray-to¬
rn e n t o s e underneath. (Peduncles hispid-glandular) 34 \

— Prickles more or less bent, some, also, almost straight,

but shorter, gen. less distinctly dilated towards the base.
Leaflets rounded, oval or elliptic . . . 3!)

39. Styles forming a longish, glabr., prominent, almost

columnar, head, especially at maturity, on the pro¬
minent, conical disk. Peduncles often several, elongated,
covered with short, stip. glands. Cor. of a light rose-
colour or white. Leaflets large, elliptic, shining, simply
toothed. Prickles broad, much bent. R. systyla Bast. —
Rather rare. Vaud, Geneva, Neuchatel, Bale; also in
western Switz. 7 stylosa Desv. 768.

— Styles forming an almost hemispheric head, sometimes

rather prominent, or free ..... 40

40. Cal.-divisions re flexed on the fr. and falling early 41

— Cal.-divisions spreading or erect on the fr., persist, at

least till the fr. is coloured ..... 43

41. Leaflets double toothed. Comp. R. tomeniella**) 24

— Leaflets simply toothed ...... 42

42. Peduncles hispid-glandular ..... 43

— Peduncles glabrous ...... 44

43. Low shrubs (1 — 14/2 m), thick set, very leafy. FIs bright
rose-coloured. Peduncles of moderate length, thickly
covered with stip. glands (as in trachyphylla). Leaflets
dark green, oval, rounded at the base. Prickles nar¬
rower than in R. dumetorum and R. scaphus. R. gallica-
scaphusiensis Chr. (Fr., indeed, suppressed, but branches

*) R. venusta Scheutz, is, according- to Christ, allied to R. pomifera,
according to Scheutz to R. tomentosa ; it is found, as also R. alpina-venusta,
near Flims in Graubiinden.

Kosaeens.

161

without aciculte!) R. Boreykiana Bess. (Differing only
in the presence of acicular prickles and Is with 2 pairs
of leaflets). — S. (Neuhausen). 6 collina Jacq. 769.

— Gen. higher shrubs, with laxer branches. FIs white or
very pale rose. Peduncles long, gen. only with scattered
stip. glands. (Back of cal. -divisions glabr.) Leaflets ellip¬
tic. Comp. R. dumetorum 44.

44. Leaflets elliptic or oval, acute or acuminate, hairy
on both sides or only underneath. Peduncles elongated.
Styles more or less hairy or glabr. Shrubs gen. with lax
branches. Differing from R. canina almost only in the
hairy leaflets, which are almost always simply toothed
(teeth not glandular). Cor. gen. white. R. collina Godet
not Jacq. — a. typica (R. Deseglisei Bor., if the peduncles
are hispid-glandular). Prickles not numerous, petioles
gen. unarmed; leaflets grass-green or rather yellowish,
rather hard, shining; teeth broader than in R. canina.
Fr. gen. oblong. — b. urbica Lem. (platyphylla Ran, if
the fr. is globular). Prickles rather more numerous;
leaflets often bluish-green, hairy only underneath on the
nerves, thinner, with sharper teeth ; fr. ovoid or globular;
transition form to R. canina.*) — Distrib. 6

dumetorum Thuill. 770.

— Leaflets elliptic-obovate, often slightly cuneiform at the
base and enlarged towards the top or slightly obtuse,
with a dense, grayish villosity on both sides. Peduncles
of moderate length, gen. rather shorter than in the
last. Styles woolly. Shrub bushy. Fr. almost globular.
Differing from R. coriifolia in the broader teeth, white
fls with longer peduncles, and cal. -divisions reflexed
on the fr. R. obtusifolia Chr. and Grml. not Desv.**)
R. coriifolia scaph. Chr. (The R. coriifolia subcollina of
Christ, includes the forms of R. coriifolia passing to
R. dumetorum with cal.-divisions reflexed; his R. glauca
subcanina includes the analogous forms between R. glauca
and R. canina.) — Schaffh. 6 scaphuscensis Christ. 771.

45 (40). Peduncles hispid-glandular, of moderate length or
short. Styles hairy or almost glabr. Leaflets irreg. double
toothed; teeth not very deep. Comp. R. abietina.

*) Christ distinguishes also a form mollis with very gray-velvety
leaflets and almost glabr. styles ; pseudocollina with more numerous prickles
and peduncles covered with abundant stip. glands ; brevissima with rounded
leaflets and broad prickles, resembling R. tomentella.

**) The true R. obtusifolia Desv. which I have observed in the south
of Prance, differs in harder leaflets with broader and rounded base, acute
at the top, yellowish green (not grayish), closer, with prominent nerves under¬
neath; in glabr. styles, ovoid fr. &c. It forms a mean between R. dumetorum
and R. tomentella affinis.

162

Rosace*.

— Peduncles short, g-labr., more rarely hispid-glandular.

Styles woolly, short, capitate .... 40

46. Leaflets elliptic-obovate, often slightly cuneiform at the
base and, the lateral ones especially, rather enlarged
and obtuse at the top, gen. very gray-tomentose
(with close tomentum); teeth gen. simple. Cor. bright
rose-coloured. Prickles coarse, hooked. Differing from
R. dumetorum in its more bushy habit, shorter ped¬
uncles, hidden by large bracts, darker fls, styles short
and woolly, and cal. -divisions erect on the fr. and per¬
sist. for a longer time. — Yar. with double toothed leaf¬
lets (homologa Gren.): also: b. Bouvernierana Crep.
Peduncles and cal. -divisions covered with stip. glands;
leaflets irreg. toothed, yellowish green. Wall. — c. cinerea
Rap. (coriifolia-mollis?). Peduncles and cal. -divisions
glandular, teeth and petioles with numerous glands;
prickles suddenly dilated at the base. Saleve, Randa. —
d. Bdlevallis Pag. Leaflets glabr. above, grayish green
underneath and hairy only on the central nerve; cor.
pale. Bovernier. — Mountains and subalp., fairly distrib. 6

coriifoiia Fr. 772.

— Leaflets elliptic rather narrowed at both ends, with
scattered hairs or almost glabr., bright green or
rather yellowish; teeth deep, simple or with a few
glands. Cor. pale rose-colour. Prickles numerous, slender,
almost straight. R. (tomentella) scleropliylla Christ !
— W. Y. (Valleys of Binn and Saas, Bovonnaz). 6

pseudopsis Grml. 773.*)

47 (37). Cal.-divisions spreading or erect on the fr., persist,
at least till the colouring of the fr. (Mountain varieties
often having a bluish bloom on the branches, and the
nerves of the leaflets, as also the stipules and bracts,
frequently tinted with red). ..... 48

— Cal.-divisions re flexed on the fr. (almost applied to

the cal. -tube), falling early. Peduncles fairly long;
prickles bent) ........ 51

48- Prickles vigorous, more or less bent in the form of a
sickle, and cal.-divisions gen. pinnatifid as in R. canina.
Peduncles short, gen. glabr. Differing from R. canina
in the same way as R. coriifoiia from R. dumetorum,
in its more shrubby habit, shorter peduncles, hidden by
large bracts, cor. of a bright rose-colour, cal.-divisions

*) Differing1 from R. tomentella in the form and toothing of the leaflets
the want of subfoliar glands, the cal.-divisions erect on the fr., the prickles
slenderer, almost straight; it is more nearly allied to R. concinna. R. sclero-
phylla Scheutz has bent prickles, subfoliar glands, cal.-divisions reflexed
on the fr. and glabr. styles.

Rosaceac.

163

erect, persist, for a longer time, and its shorter, very
woolly styles. Leaflets elliptic-obovate , often rather
cuneiform at the base and, especially the lateral ones,
rather obtuse at the top. Fr. larger, gen. globular or
the central ones pear-shaped, becoming pulpy earlier.
R. vosagiaca (vogesiaca) Desp.; R. Iieuteri God. — Var.
like R. canina with leaflets double toothed f v. com-
plicata and myriodonta Chr.), peduncles with stip. glands
(v. caballicensis Pug.), with peduncles with glandiferous
aciculfe (v. hispidior Chr.), leaflets hairy underneath on
the middle vein (v. pilosula Chr.), fr. long-pear-shaped
(v. falcata Pug.). Transitional forms to R. fcrruginea
are R. Seringei Chr., inclinata Kern. — Mountains and

subalp.; distrib. 6 . glauca Vill. 774.

Prickles slenderer, almost entirely straight, in any case
more or less suddenly enlarged at the base. Cal.-
divisions without appendages or with, gen. narrower,
appendages ........ 4.9

49. Cal. -divisions gen. undiv. Peduncles gen. fairly long

and several, glabr., rarely (v. hispidula) rather hispid-
glandular. Fr. small, globular. Leaflets elliptic, with
slightly cuneiform, entire base, otherwise always simply
toothed (with teeth directed forwards), bluish-glaucous,
tinged with red. Cor. of a bright rose-colour. Prickles
rare. R. rubrifolia Yi 11. — Alp., subalp. and Jura from
Geneva to Rale. 6 . . . . ferruginea Viil. 775.

— Cal. -divisions more or less pinnatifid. Peduncles gen.
1 — 2, hispid-glandular. Fr. large, gen. oblong or ovoid,
often rather neck-shaped towards the top 50

50. Peduncles with scattered stip. glands, or glabr. Cor.
bright rose-coloured. Leaflets oblong-elliptic, acuminate,
simply or (v. Perrieri Song) doubly toothed; teeth
acuminate, directed forwards. Prickles long, straight,
rather rare. Peduncles gen. solitary. Leaflets sometimes
9. R. alpina-glauca? — Mountains and subalp , rare. "NV.
V. J. (Vissoie, Saleve, Mont Chaubert, Chaumont). 6

*sal8evensis Rap. 776.
Peduncles and cal. -tube gen. thickly covered with
glandiferous aciculee (as in R. pomifera). Cor.
pale rose-coloured. Leaflets rather distant, small,
roundish-oval, obtuse, more rarely rather larger
and acute, double toothed; teeth not deep, spreading,
more rarely deep and acuminate. Prickles gen. rather
bent. — Varied also with fr. globular ^v. Rionii Delas.);
also b. sanguisorbella Chr. (montana-rubiginosa?) dwarf
form, with small leaflets and scattered glands under¬
neath. Mont Clou above Bovernier. Similar forms are:
c. graveolens-monlcina N. Beitr. I, 10, between Stalden

164

Rosacea?.

and St. Nicolas, and d. Bormiensis Cornaz! (rlieetica-
montana) N. Beitr. Ill, 45, from Bormio. — Mountains
and subalp.; Wall., Saleve, Neuchatel. 6

montana Chaix. 777.

51 (47). Peduncles thickly covered with stip. glands. PI. of
a bluish green, and slightly tinted with violet-red, like R.
montana, but prickles broader, bent; the stip. glands
on the peduncles not so strong; appendages of cal.-
divisions broader, leaflets rather larger and more acute,
those of the Is almost simply toothed. Differing from
R. montana and R. glauca in having the cal. -divisions
reflexed on the fr.*) R. canina-montana? — Saleve! 6

Chavini Rap. 778.

— Peduncles glabr. or with scattered stip. glands, more
rarely with abundant glands, but then the Is gen.
green ......... o2

52. Cor. white. Appendages of cal. -divisions almost without
glands. Styles glabr. Leaflets dark green, shining, simply
or irreg. toothed. Prickles scattered, much bent. Ped¬
uncles glabr. Recalling R. stylosa! — Vevey! Allaman,
Saleve, a slightly modified form also in Tessin. 6

glaberrima Dumort. 779.

— Cor. pale-rose or white. Appendages of cal. -divisions
more or less glandular. Styles gen. hairy, rarely glabr. —

a. Lutetiana Lem. Leaflets simply toothed. Peduncles glabr.

b. dumales Bechst. (biserrata auct., if the glands are still
more abundant). Leaflets double toothed, peduncles
glabr.; petioles, edges of stipules and cal. -divisions with
more numerous glands than in the last.— c. andegavensis
Bast. Leaflets simply toothed; peduncles hispid-gland¬
ular. — d. adenotrichia Burn, et Greml. (hirtella and
verticillacantha Chr.). Leaflets double toothed; peduncles
hispid-glandular; styles rather glabr., on a slightly
prominent disk. — e. orthacantlia (firmula and dolosa God.,
mucronulata D.). Differing from the 4 last in having
slenderer, almost or entirely straight prickles — Yar.
also with bright green or bluish green Is, and fr. ob¬
long, oval or (v. spheerica) globular. — These modifications
are combined in various ways and Mr. Deseglise has
defined more than 50 species on this type ! — Distrib 6

canina L. 780.

OBS. I. Hybrids: Cal. divisions bent back on the fr.— a. Prickles
unequal, i. e. mixed with smaller setaceous prickles. Here we find the
hybrids of R. gallica, which are recognisable by the large leaflets, often only 5

*) R. canina hispidissima Chr., peduncles and cal. -tubes covered with
strong stip. glands which descend below the inflorescence, but the prickles
and leaflets of R. canina (Sion: Wolff.!) appears also to be a hybrid!

Sanguisorbea?.

165

in number, by the long hispid-glandular peduncles, by the large, open corollas
ofteu brightly coloured and by the supressed fr. — f Leaflets with abundant
subfoliar glands; gallica-rubiginosa (consanguinea Grcn.).— f f Leaflets without
subfoliar glands, more rarely a few scattered glands on the lateral nerves:
arvensis-gallica (hybrida Schl., spectabilis Rap., ambigcns Grml.*); canina-
gctllica (depressa Grml., transmota Crep , psilophylla Reut.) ; yallica-mollis ;
gallica-tomentosa (fimbriata Grml., genevensis D.)— b. Prickles equal.-
t Leaflets with abundant subfolar glands; micrantha-sepium ; sepium-tomentosa ;

— ft Leaflets without subfoliar glands: arvemis-canina? ; dumetorum-gallica.
— IT. Cal.-divisions erect on the fr.— 1. Hybrids of R. pomifcra : ciuna-
momea-potnif era (anoplantha Chr.); coriifolia-pomifera (Semproniana Favrat.
Schimp. f.) ; ferruginea-pomi/era (Franzonii Chr.); glauca-pomifera (Murithii
Pug.); graveolens-pomif era (personata Grml.).— 2. Hybrids of R. alpina: ulpina-
coriifolia (stenosepala Chr., Mureti and Lerescliii Rap., and according to
Buser : Guineti Schmidely, N. Beiir. I, 11); alp in a -pom if era (longicruris Chr.,
gombensis Lagg.). — The following require still further observation : ferragitiea-
ghtiica ; coriif alia- f err itginea ; cinnamomea-coriifolia (according to Christ);
rnbiginosa-spinoslssima ; and canina-sepUtm (according to Buser).

OBS. II. The following are sometimes found subspontaneous : H. alba L.
(differing from R. collina in having unequal prickles, larger and more rounded
leaflets, and white corollas; probably also a hybrid form of R. gallica) ; It.
turbinata Ait. (according to Wolf near Sion, perhaps a cinnamomea-gallica) ;
JR. blanda Ait. (fraxinifolia Grml. ; bois des Freres near Geneva, according
to D.).

31. Sanguisorbeae.

175. Alchemilla. Lady's-mantel. IY, 28. I, 4.

1. Ann. pis. Stas 1 — 2. Ls trifid. — Fields, fallow; distrib.

5 — 8 . arvensis L. 781.

— Perenn. pis. Stas 4 ...... 2

2. Rad. ls divided at most to the middle into 5 — 11 lobes.

Type of A. vulgaris ...... 3

— Rad. ls divided to the base or almost to the base into

5 — 7 segments . . . . . . .. 4

3. Rad. ls glabr. or almost so, div. to the middle; lobes

obovate, inciso-dentate only at the top, entire at the
sides. Teeth narrower and deeper than in 785— v. villo-
sula Greml. Ls soft-villous (Saasthal). — Alp. and Colom-
bier from Gex in the Jura. 7 . fissa Sclmmmel. 782.

— Rad. ls soft-villous, cut to V3> into obovate lobes which
are inciso-dentate at the top, and entire at the sides.
Alp., not common; G. T. W. 0. A. 7

pubescens Bieb. 783.

— Rad. ls soft-villous, cut to about Vs; hairs underneath

almost silken; lobes almost half-orbicular, toothed
almost all round, i. e. almost to ‘the angle of
division. A. vulgaris v. subsericea Koch. — Alp. and
subalp., sometimes also in lower districts and by the
side of the following. 5, 6 . montana Willd. 784.

*) Here probably also R. decipiens Bor. and incarnata Mill, both,
according to D., near Geneva.

166

Sanguisorbece. Pomaceie.

— As the last, but Is almost glabr. or with spreading hairs ;
inflorescence looser. — Pasturage, wood-edges; distrib. 5

vulgaris L. 785.

4. Ls wliite-silvery-silken and shining underneath; seg¬
ments lanceolate-cuneiform, toothed only at the top;
teeth conniving; the segments rarely united to 1/s or
almost 1,/2. — b. subsericea Reut. fnot Koch). Segments
oblong-obovate, inciso-dentate, with looser, almost dull
tomentum. — Alp., subalp. and Jura; b. on granite earth
(Gr. W. T.). 6 . alpina L. 786.

— Ls glabr. or with scattered hairs; the 3 middle segments

obovate-cuneiform, deeply inciso-dentate. b .cuneataGaud.
PI. with stronger hairs; segments les deeply incised;
hybrid? — High Alp. 7. . . . pentaphy Ilea L. 787.

OBS. Hybrid : A. alpina-vulgaris (splendens Christ).

176. Sanguisorba. Sanguisorb. IV, 27. XII, 2. XXI, 24.

1. FIs hermaphrodite. Stas 4 — 12 . ... 2

— FIs polygamous or raoncecius, the upper ones of the

spike fern., the lower male, the middle ones often her-
mapli., rarely all unisexual. Stas 20 — 30. Type ot S.
minor Scop. (Poterum Sanguisorba L.) . . 3

2. Spikes oval-oblong, blackish red. Stas 4, about the

length of the cal. -lobes. — b. montana Jord. Stem not so
high, not very branchy; spikes larger ; flowering earlier.
— Damp fields; distrib. 6 . . officinalis L. 788.

— Spikes cylindric-elongated, yellowish green. Stas 6 — 12,
much longer than the cal.-lobes. — 0. (found once only
by Heer between Flims and Trons); Veltlin. 7

*dodecandra Moretti. 789.

3. A.chenes with netted-wrinkles, and angles not winged.
S. minor Scop. — Hills, slopes; distrib. 5

dictyocarpa (Spach.). 790.

— Achenes more deeply wrinkled in furrows; angles winged.
— Artificial meadows, among lucern, introduced ; Geneva,
Neuchatel and probably in other places. 5

muricata (Spach.). 791.

32. Pomacese.

177. Mespilus. Medlar. XII, 10, 12.

1. Ls oblong-lanceolate, with entire or slightly denticulate
edge, loose-villous underneath. FIs solitary. Fr. brown.
Medlar. — Thickets; rarely spontaneous. 5, 6

germanica L. 792

— Ls cuneiform- or round-obovate, div. into 3—5 lobes,

glabr. or hairy. FIs in corymbs. Fr. red. Hawthorn.
Cratcegi spec, cnict. ... ... 2

Pomacese.

167

2. Ls almost of the same colour on both sides, shining,
lobes not deep, (partly also almost entire); lobes directed
forwards, irreg. toothed. Styles and nuts gen. 2 — b. ma-
crocarpa Heg. Ls almost as in 794. (Etzel, Wilchingen,
Marbach and probably in other places). — Hedges, thickets;
distrib. 5 . Oxyacantha Gaertn. 793.

— Ls rather pale green underneath, more deeply div. than
in the last, with lobes spreading more, toothed only at
the end, entire at the sides; the lower lobes almost
reaching the middle vein; the lateral nerves more pro¬
minent than in the last and bent backwards. Style and
nut 1. — As the last, but about 15 days later

nionogyna Jacq. 794.

178. Cotoneaster. Cotoneaster, XII, 7.

1. Cal. almost glabr. FIs in racemes of 1 — 3. — Rocky moun¬
tain slopes; distrib. 4 . . vulgaris Lindl. 795.

— Cal. woolly-tomentose. FIs gen. more numerous than in
the last. Ls larger. — As the last. 4,5 tomentosa Lindl. 790.

179. Cydonia. Quince. XII, 10.

1. Ls broad elliptic, with entire edge, woolly-tomentose
underneath. FIs solitary. — Cultivated and rarely sub-
spontaneous. 5. After the apple-blossom

f vulgaris Pers. 797.

180. Pyrus. Pyrus. XII, 13.

1. Anthers yellow. Styles united at the base. Fr. depressed-

globular, hollowed at the insertion of the peduncle. —
a. sylvestris Mill. (P. acerba Dec.). Full-grown ls glabr.
underneath, green. — b. dasyphylla Borkh. ( P. MalusDec.)
Ls throughout their entire development woolly-tomen¬
tose underneath. — Woods; a. everywhere; b. (original
form of the Crab apples and the John apple) rare and
probably only subspontaneous. 4, 5 . Malus L. 798.

— Anthers red. Styles free. Fr. narrowed to the base (pear-

shaped) or rounded-globular ..... 2

2. Ls finely toothed, glabr. when fully developed, shining:
petiole about as long as, or rather shorter than, the leaf.
Pear-tree. — Woods; earlier than the last communis L. 799.

— Ls entire, very woolly-tomentose underneath during the
time of flowering, and when fully developed covered with
weblike hairs above- Petiole only 1I 3 or V2 as long as the
leaf. P. nivalis Grml. not Jacq.? — Yuache , near Geneva!
reported also from Wall. (Fully). 5 * salvifolia Dec. 800.

OI3S. P. cor data Desv. See N. Beitr. I, 11.

168

Pomace®.

181. Sorbus. Sorbus. XII, 8, 13.

1 Ls i m p ar i p i n n a te. (Leaflets 11 — 19, oblong or ob¬
long-lanceolate, woolly-tomentose underneath, tlie full-
grown ones glabr.) ....... 2

— Ls undiv., or lobed, or deeply pinnatifid at the base 3

2. Buds tomentose, dry. Styles gen. 2 — 4. Fr. globular,
small, the size of a pea, scarlet. Service tree. — Woods;

distrib 5 . aucuparia L. 801.

Buds almost glabr., glutinous. Styles gen. 5. Fr. pear-
shaped (rarely globular), the size of a wild pear, yellowish
red. FIs larger than in the last. Leaflets fairly equal at
the base, while in the last the lower edge is decurrent
on the stalk. — Woods; rare (in a wild state?), but plenti¬
fully cultivated. 5 . . . . domestica L. 802.

3. Ls with 3 — 5 strong lateral nerves on each side, of the

same colour on both sides, glabr. (at least when full-
grown), broad oval in contour, lobed; lobes acuminate,
the lower ones larger and penetrating more deeply. Fr.
brown. — Woods; not everywhere (wanting in Gf. T. W.
U.). 5 . torminalis L. 803.

— Ls with 7 — 10 lateral nerves on each side, gray- or white-
tomentose underneath, rarely (No. 808) green. Fr. red 4

4. Pets white, spreading ...... 3

— Pets ’rose-coloured, almost erect. (Ls toothed) . 7

5. Ls pinnatifid or pinnatisect at the base, with 2 — 4 lanceo¬
late segments, separated on both sides. S. fennica Kalm.
— a. sub- Aria (hybrida Koch = Aria-aucuparia). — b. sub-
scandica (hybrida L. = Aria-scandica ; this last in the
Jura). — Mountain woods, rare; also cultivated. 5

* hybrida L. 804.

— Ls undiv. and toothed, or inciso-lobed . . 3

6. Ls slightly gray-tomentose underneath, inciso-pinnati-
lobed. S. suecica Gark., arioides Michal. ex Gren. Pirus
intermedia Ehrh. — Mountain woods; fairly distrib. in
the Jura, otherwise very scattered. 5 scandica Fr. 805.

— Ls very white-tomentose underneath, unequally toothed
or with small lobes. — Woods; rocky places; distrib. 5,
rather later than the last (Godet) . Aria Crantz. 806.

7 (4). Ls gray-tomentose underneath, or, through obliteration
of the tomentum, almost green. Petiole shorter in pro¬
portion than the last, but longer than in the following.
S. Aria-Chamsemespilus? (but fructifies abundantly). —
Rocky places of the Alp., subalp. and Jura; rare. 6, 7

Hostii Jacq. f. 807.

— Ls green underneath, shortly petioled, smaller than in

Granatesa. Onagracere.

169

the last (5—7 cm). Corymbs gen. denser. — Rocky places
of the Alp., subalp. and Jura; calcareous soil. 6, 7

• Cliamaemespilus Crantz. 808.

OBS. S. Aria-torminalis (confusa Grml.; Liigern!). #

182. Aronia. Rock-medlar. XII, 11. ~ 51* w*..

1. Ls oval, denticulate, floccose underneath, glabr. later.

Fr. of a blue-black resembling that of the Bilberry.
Amelanchier vulgaris Monch. — Rocky mountain slopes:
fairly distrib. 4 . . . • rotundifolia Pers. 809.

33. Granateae.

183. Punica. Punica. XII, 5.

1. Ls lanceolate, entire, glabr. FI. of a bright scarlet red.

Rocky slopes; completely naturalised in southern Tyrol
like the vine; in Wall. (Tourbillon, Valore, but its
existence appears precarious). 6 . Granatum L. 810.

34. Onagraceae.

184. Epilobiuni. Willow-herb. VIII, 12.

1. Pets entire or emarginate. Stas and style inclined down¬
wards ......... 2

— Pets 2-lobed. Stas and style erect ... 4

2. Ls lanceolate, bluish-green and net-veined underneath.

E. angustifolium Koch. — Wood-clearings; cut timber;
distrib. 6. 7 . spicatum Lam. 811.

— Ls linear or linear-lanceolate, almost of the same colour

on both sides, not veined ..... 3

3. Style villous at the base, about as long as the stas. E.

Dodomei Koch. — Gravelly places, water-side (wanting
in T. LT.). 1 ... . rosmarinifolium Hank. 812.

— The lower half of the style pubescent, style about half

as long as the stas. Stem lower than in the last (up to
20 cm), ascending, with branches in the lower part. Ls
rather larger, more distant; cal. brown-red. E. crassi-
folium auct. not Lehm.— Gravel-beds of alpine torrents;
descending sometimes. 7 . Fleischeri Hochst. 813

4(1). The 4 stigs separate, spreading. Stem cylindric, with¬
out prominent lines ...

— The 4 stigs united like a club (in 820 and 823?), rather
spreading at the top. Stem gen. with prominent lines 7

5. Young fls and branch-tips erect. Ls lanceolate, with
but little variation in width, sessile, or the lower ones
very shortly petioied ...... 6

13

170

Onagracese.

— Young fls and branch-tips drooping. Ls oval-oblong
(broader below the middle), distinctly petioled. (Stem
with a close pubescence.) Type of E. montanum . f)

6. Fls large, 16— 20 mm long. Ls clasping, slightly de¬

current. Stem very branchy, covered with long spread¬
ing hairs, and small, gen. glandular, hairs, (which are
sometimes wanting). — Ditches: river-side thickets; dis-
trib. 6 . Iiirsutum L. 814.

— Fls much smaller, about 10 mm long. Ls neither clasp¬
ing nor decurrent. Stem simple or not much branched,
villous with spreading hairs, rarely almost glabr. —
Ditches, damp woods; everywhere. 6

parviflorum Sciireb. 815.

7. Rt-stock with fleshy stolons (as in 824). Cal. -lobes
acute. — V. 0. (Jura near Geneva: wanting in the Alp.) 7

Duriaei Gay. 816.

— Rt-stoclcs with rosettes supported by small stems. Cal.-

lobes obtuse ........ 8

8. Stem simple or not much branched, 30 — 60 cm. Ls shortly

petioled, rather distant. — Rather shady places; walls,
ditches, woods; everywhere. 6 . montanum L. 817.

— Stem gen. much branched from the base. Ls very shortly

petioled, crowded, broader and less acuminate in propor¬
tion than the last. PI. smaller in every particular. — Walls
and rocks, especially on granite earth, not on calc.;
G. O. T. W. Y. U. A. 6 . . collinum Gmel. 818.

9 (4). Stem without prominent lines, or only with 2 more
thickly hairy streaks decurrent from the edges of the ls.
Seed fusiform (narrowed at both ends). Rt-stock with elong¬
ated, filiform stolons. Ls narrow-lanceolate, or linear,
rather obtuse, almost entire, sessile with cuneiform base.
— Yar.: Ls narrower (v. simplex Tratt.) and broader
(v. Schmidtianum Rostk.) — Marshy fields, peat-moss ; fairly
distrib. 6 . palustre L. 819.*)

— Stem marked with 2 — 4 lines which are often hairy and

decurrent from the edges of the ls or petioles. Seeds
obovate or obovate-oblong ..... 10

10. Ls all with distinct and long petioles, thin, oblong,

pointed at both ends. Fls pale rose or white. Stem
branchy. E. tetragonum L. herb. — Damp walls, ditches;
distrib. 7 . roseum Schreb. 820.

— Ls sessile or very shortly petioled ... 11

11. Ls 3—4 in a whorl, rarely opp., slightly rounded at the

base, lanceolate, acuminate. Stem almost simple. Fls of
a light purple, larger than in the allied species. — Alp.,
subalp. and Jura. 7 . . trigonum Schrank. 821.

*) Hitherto regarded as a mountain form with large fls, more glabrous,

and branched: E. ramiflorum Heg.

Onagraceae.

171

— Lower Is opp , upper alternate .... 12

12. Young fls and branch-tips erect. Stem 40 — 80 cm, gen.

many-fld. (Ls sessile) ...... 13

— Young tls and branch-tips drooping. Stem 5 — 30 cw,
few- (1 — 5) fld. (Alpine pis) ..... H

13. PI. bright green, middle ls sessile, lanceolate, gradually-
narrowing from a broad base to the tip, closely denti¬
culate; inflorescence with short scattered hairs; fls
4 — 6 mm long, flesh-coloured (tetragonum auct. p.). Lo¬
calities still to be established! . adnatum Gris. 822.

— PL rather bluish green; middle ls shortly petioled or
sessile with a narrowed base, denticulation small, dis¬
tant; inflorescence with dense short hairs; fls V2 larger,
rose-red. — Earlier than the last. Y. J. Z. L. 8.

Lamyi F. Schultz. 822 a.

— Rt. -stock, even when flowering, having long stolons,

bearing distant Is. Ls lanceolate. Fr. shorter than in the
last, the valves rolling up in a circle. E. virgatuin Fr.
not Lam. — Peat marshes in the Jura (Gren.); Salvan,
Bern, Aargau, Steinen in the Wiesenthal, Rothenthurm,
Canton Schwyz. 6, 7 . . obscurum Rchb. 823.

14. Stolons subterranean, covered with scales. Ls shining,

oval, rather obtuse, short-acuminate, with small, distant
teeth, shortly petioled. Like a small E. montanum. E.
alsinefolium auct. not Vill. — Alp. and Jura (Dole, Mar-
chairuz, Chasseron). 7 . . organifolium Lam. 824.

— Stolons above ground, leafy. Ls oblong or oblong-lanceo¬
late, entire or scarcely denticulate, petioled. Like a small
E. palustre. E. alpinum auct. (The pi. of Linnaeus E.
alpinum L. includes 4 species according to Hausknecht).
— Alp. and Jura (Reculet, Mont Tendre). 7

anaga'lidifolium Lam. 825.

— Seed papillose (in anag. smooth), narrower and with

a more distinctly transparent process at the point; fr.
gray-hairy; lower Is almost round, the remainder long-
ovate. Rather resembling small forms of palustre. (Ile-
terophyilum Heg. alpinum v. nutans Koch). — Alp., fairly
distrib.; G. U. AV. 0. . . nulans Schmidt. 825 a.

OBS. Hybrids: E. adnatum Lamyi -montanum (Hausknechtianum Borb.) ;
E. adnatum-parviflorum (according to Hausknecht) ; E. adnatum-montanum ;
E. hirsutum-parviflorum (intermedium Mer ). ; E. montanum-obscurum (aggre-
gatum Celak.) : E. montanum-parviflorum (limosum Schur. 1866, crassicaule
Grml. 1870); E. montanum-roseum (glanduligerum Knaf.) ; E. montanum-tri-
gonum (Freynii Celak.) ; E. obscurum-palustre (ligulatum Bakb.) ; E. origani-
folium-trigonum ; E. palustr e-par viflorum (rivulare Wahl, virgatum Reut. not
alior.); E. parviflorum-roseum (persicinum Rchb., opacum Peterm.). — Also:
E. rosmarinifoHum-spicatum (according to Thomas); E. adnatum-palustre (semi-
adnatum Celak.) ; anagallidifolium-origanifolium (both, according to Hauskn.,
in Switzerland). E. gemmiferum Bor. (Winkleri Kern.), indicated on St. Bern-
hard, appears to be an intermediate form between E. origanifolium and E. roseum.

172

Onagracese. Haloragese.

185. Oenothera. Oenothera. VIII, 12.

1. FIs large, yellow, open only at night. — Dikes, shores;
completely naturalised (Virginia). 7 biennis L. 826.

186. Isnardia. Ssnardia. IV, 25.

1. Ls opp., oval, acute, entire. FIs solitary in the 1. -axils.
Resembling 843. — Marsh-ditches; rare; T. V. Z. 6

palustris L. 827

187. CircaBa. Enchanter’s Nightshade. II, 7.

1. Peduncles without bracts. Ls flat, oval, rounded at the

base, denticulate. Stem gen. hairy. — Shady woods; every¬
where. 6 . . . . . . Lutetiana L. 828.

— Peduncles with very small setaceous, decid. bracts. Ls

shining, oval, slightly cordate at the base, sinuate-
dentate ......... 2

2. Fr., through suppression of one cell, 1-celled. Stigma in¬
dented. PI. 10 — 15 cm. — Shady, mountain woods, among
the trunks of rotten trees; distrib. (wanting in S.). 6;
earlier than the last. .... alpina L. 829.

— Fr. 2-celled. Stig. 2-lobed. PI. larger in every way than
the last. C. alpina-Lutetiana auct. (but is not a hybrid).
—Mountain wmods; fairly distrib. 6 intermedia Ehrh. 830.

188. Trapa. Water-nut. IV, 18.

1. Upper ls floating, rosetted, rhomboidal, coarsely toothed
in front, with inflated petioles thickened in the middle;
lower ls opp., pinnatisect with capillary segments and
resembling roots. FIs solitary in the 1. -axils, white. Fr.
furnished with 4 spines, rarely with only 2 (T. verbanensis
De Not.).— Stagnant wmter; T. (Lake Muzano); formerly
also near Rheinfelden, Roggwyl (1870) and Elgg; the
fruit is sometimes found among the debris of the ancient
lake dwellings . natans L. 831.

35. Haloragese.

189. Myriophyllum. Myriophyll. XXI, 19.

1. Bracts of the fl. -whorls all pectinate-pinnatifid, some¬
times several times longer than the fls, and resembling
cauline Is, sometimes (v. pectinatum Dec.) scarcely
longer than the fls. — Stagnant water; distrib. 6

verticillatum L. 832.

— Lower bracts inciso-dentate, as long as, or rather longer
than, the fls, the upper ones entire, shorter than the
fls, so that the whorls form a leafless spike. — As the last. 6

spicatum L. 833.

Hippurideae. Callitrichineae. Ceratophyllaceae. Lythracete.

173

36. Hippurideae.

190. Hippuris. Mare’s-tail. I, 2.

1. Ls linear, in whorls of 8 — 12. FIs in the 1. -axils, not
very visible. — b. rhcetica Zschokke. Stem only 15— 20 cw ;
ls narrower (l/2 mm broad). — Stagnant water or sluggish
streams; distrib. ; b. Graub. 5 . . vulgaris L. 834.

37. Callitrichineae.

191. Callitriche. Callitriche. XXI, 23. I, 2.

1. Ls dark green, always of the same form, linear, rather
enlarged at the base, the pairs gen. close together, but the
upper ones never rosetted. — Stagnant water; its presence
in Switzerland is not yet proved witli certainty. 7

*autumnalis L. 835.

— Ls light-green, entirely linear, with equal breadth, or more

often enlarged above and narrower towards the base, tho
upper ones in an ordinary rosette, spathulate-obovate.
Type of C verna L. ..... 2

2. Fr. broadly keeled (slightly winged). Styles of moderate

length, erect or spreading, persist. Ls all obovate or
(b. platycarpa Ktttz.) the lower ones linear. — As the
last; probably distrib. 5 . . stag nalis Scop 830.

— Fr. surrounded by a very narrow, sharp keel. Styles of

moderate length, erect, persist, almost till maturity. —
As the last. 5 .... vernalis Kiitz. 837.

— Fr. surrounded by a narrow, sharp keel. Styles very
long, spreading, then reflexed, falling early. — As the last. 5

hamulata Kiitz. 838.

38. Ceratophyllaceae.

192. Ceratophyiluni. Ceratophyll. XXI, 19.

1 Ls rather stiff, brittle, dark green, with 2 — 4 linear lobes
which are strongly toothed-spinous. Fr. with a terminal
spine which is as long as, or longer than, itself. — Stagnant
water in the Swiss plains. 7 . . demersum L. 839.

— Ls softer, light green, with 5—8 linear-filiform lobes,
armed with distant, spinous teeth. Fr. terminated by a
spine much shorter than the fr. itself. — As the last, but
much rarer; T. W. V. J. B. Z. 7 . submersum L. 840.

39. Lythracese.

193. Lythrum. Lythrum. XI, 5. VI, 5.

1. FIs in whorls disposed in a long spike. Stas twice as
many as the pets.— Yar.: fls trimorphous, with styles of

174

Tamariscineee. Philadelphere. CucurbitaceEP, Portulacacem.

3 different lengths; Is opp., or altern., or in whorls of
3; see N. Beitr. I, 12. — Moist places, ditches; distrib. 7

Salicaria L. 841.

— FIs gen. solitary in the axils of almost all the Is. Stas
as many as pets, or fewer. — Flooded places, rare; W.

V. S. 6 . hyssopifoiia L. 842.

194. Peplis. Peplis. VI, 5.

1. Stem prostrate, rooting at the base. Ls opp., obovate,
obtuse. FIs sessile in the 1. -axils. — Submerged places,
not common (wanting in Gr. U. A. Z. S.). 6 Portula L. 834.

40. Tamariscineee.

195. Myricaria. fVlyricaria. XVI, 6.

1. Shrubs resembling the cypress. Ls small. FIs rose-
coloured, in spikes. — Shores; fairly distrib. but not every¬
where. 6 . . germanica Desv. 844.

41. Philadelphese.

196. Philadelpluis. Syringa. XII, 6.

1. Ls elliptic, denticulate. FIs white or yellowish white,
having an almost unbearable perfume. — In shrubberies
and sometimes subspontaneous. 5. * coronarius L. 845.

42. Cucurbitacese.

197. Bryonia. Bryony. XXI, 31.

1. FIs dioecious. Stig. covered with rough hairs. Fr. red.
—Hedges, thickets, not everywhere (wanting in U. L.
A.). 5, 6 . dioica Jacq. 846.

— FIs monoecious. Stig. glabr. Fr. black. — As the last. Gr.

W. (Chur; Viege, Saxon). 5 . . . alba L. 847.

OBS. Of this family the following are also cultivated : Cucurbita Pepo L.
(the common gourd ) ; C. Melopepo L ; Cucumis sativus L. (cucumber) ; and
C. Meio L. (melon).

43. Portulacacese.

198. Portulaca. Purslane. XI, 5.

1. Cal. -lobes obtusely keeled on the back. Ls oblong-cunei¬
form. Stems and branches prostrate. — Rubbish-heaps,
garden paths; fairly distrib. (wanting in U. L.). 6

oleracea L. 848.

Portulaceae. Paronychiaceso.

175

— Cal. -lobes with winged-keels on the back. Ls obovate.

Stem upright; branches ascending. — Cultivated and some¬
times subspontaneous. 6 f sativa Hav. 849.

199. Montia. IVIontia. Ill, 3, 79.

1. Seed rough with tubercles, almost dull. Stems rather
stiff, erect or ascending, 3 — 10 cm. Ls yellowish green.
— Submerged or damp sandy places; Tess., Geneva. 4

minor Gmel. 850.

— Seed very finely granulated and dotted, shining. Stem

weak, floating in the water, up to 30 cm. Ls dark green.
— Springs and brooks, rare; G. T. reported from Rueder-
thal, Canton Aarg.; more plentiful in the Black Forest
and the Yosges. 7 . . . . rivularis Gmel. 851.

44. Paronychiaceae.

200. Corrigioia. Corrigiole. Y, 140.

1. Ls altern., linear-oblong. Stems spreading in a circle.
Damp, sandy places, river gravel-beds; Bale along the
Wiese, Yevey? 6 .... littoralis L. 852.

201. Herniaria. Herniary. Y, 59, 131.

1. Ls and cal. glabr. — Sandy places, road-sides; chiefly in
western Switz. 6 .... glabra L. 853.

— Ls and cal. covered all over with short thick hair; the
hair which terminates the cal. -lobes longer than the
others and setaceous. — As the last (wanting in G. A. U ). 6

hirsuta L. 854.

— Ls ciliate. Cal. -lobes covered with short, equal hairs.—

High Alp.; G. W. 7 . . . . alpina Vill. 855.

202. Illecebrum. Illecebrum. Y, 59, 131.

1. Ls opp., obovate. Stems prostrate. — Inundated ifnd damp
sandy places; only found near Mendrisio in Tess. 6

verticillatum L. 856.

203. Telephium. Telephium. Y, 146.

1. Ls altern., oval. — Rocky places; Lower Wall. 6

Imperati L. 857.

204. Polycarpon. Polycarp. Ill, 81.

1. Ls in whorls of 4, or opp., obovate. — Bale on the Leon-
hardsgraben, between the paving-stones, adventitious or
introduced. 6 . :stetraphyllum L. 858.

176

Scleranthacese. Crassulacea;.

45. Scleranthaceae.

205. Scleranthus. Scleranth. V, 130. X, 29.

1. Cal. -lobes linear-oblong, obtuse, with a broad white-

scarious edge. Perenn. pis. — Dry sandy places, hills,
grassy places, not everywhere (wanting in G. B. A. U.).
5, 6 . perennis L. 859.

— Cal. -lobes triangular-oval, or lanceolate, acute, with a
narrow white edge or almost none. Ann. or bienn. pis 2

2. FI. small, 272 mm long. Cal. -lobes almost without scarious
edges. Stems 3 — 8 cm. — Grassy places; W. Y. 4, 5

verticillatus Tausch. 860.

— FI. distinctly larger. Cal -lobes with narrow, scarious

edges ......... 3

3. Stem dichotomising loosely almost from the base up¬
wards; fls solitary in the axils of the branches and
clustered at the ends. Ann. pis. — Fields; distrib. 6

annuus L. 861.

— Stem gen. lower than in the last, simple or branching

shortly only in the upper part. Clusters of fls sessile
at the joints of the stem. Pis lasting through the winter,
but monocarpic. S. biennis Reut. — Hills, mountain-fields ;
probably distrib. 4, 5 . . collinus Horng. 862.

OBS. Reichenbach, the father, has of late years distinguished a number
of species which still require further investigation and verification : e. g. S.
subcrinitus , spectabilis, Tabernaemontani , Sprengelii , engadineus , Delorti
Bill. &c.

46. Crassulaceae.

206. Sedum. Stonecrop. X, 14. V, 148. XXII, 25.

1. Ls broad, flat ........ 2

— Ls narrow, cylindric or demi-cylindric . . 3

2. Fls dioecious, gen. 4-merous, yellowish, tinted with red.
Ls standing very close, toothed towards the top. Rho-
diola rosea L. — Alp.; G. T. W. 7 Rhotliola Dec. 863

— Fls hermaphrodite, gen. 5-merous ... 3

3. Ann. pis Fls in a lax panicle. — Stony, thickety places;

T. W. Y. 6 . Cepaea L, 864.

— Perenn. pis. Fls in a compact corymb ... 4:

4. Ls entire. Stem prostrate, 20 cm long, — Alp.; W. Y. 7

Anacampseros L. 865.
* — Ls toothed. Stems erect or ascending, 40— 60cm. Type
of S. Telepliium L. ...... o

J5. Pets greenish-yellow. Ls often opp. or in whorls of 3
the upper ones with rather broad base, often clasping,

Crassulacece.

177

— Stony, thickety places, slopes, road- and wood-sides;
fairly distrib. (wanting in U. L.). 8 maximum Sut. 866.
FIs rose-coloured or purple. Ls most often altern., the
upper ones rounded at the base, slightly cuneiform. —
As the last; distrib. (wanting in W.). 7

purpurascens Koch. 867.* **))

6 (1). Stas equal to pets in number, viz. 5. Ann. pi., gen.
tinted with red, glandular in the upper part. Crassula
rubens L. — Vineyards, fields, rare; V. Bale, Eglisau,
Zofingen. 6 . rubens L. 868.

— Stas twice as many as pets ..... 7

7. Ann. or bienn. pis (rarely in 870 with solitary shoots

not bearing fls) ....... 8

— Perenn. pis with tufted stems not bearing fls . . 11

8. Pets gen. 6, almost 4 times as long as the cal., white,

with a reddish middle nerve. Ls of a bluish-green. S.
glaucum W. K. — Walls, road-sides; L. U. A. (Central and
eastern Switz.). 7 . . . . hispanicum L. 869.

Pets 5, more rarely 6, 2 — 3 times as long ns the cal. iP

9. PI. pubescent-glandular (rarely glabr.). Pets rose-coloured,
with a darker middle nerve.— Marshy fields and peat-moss,
up to the Alp. (wanting T. 8. J.r'). 6 villosum L.' 870.

— PI. glabr. . . . . . . . .10

10. Pets whitish, with a greenish middle nerve. Ls club-

shaped. PI. 3 — 6 cm (gen. tinted with reddish-brown,
rarely pale yellow). Corymb compact; fls pedicelled. —
Alp., subalp. and dura. 7 atratum L. 871.

— Pets yellow Ls cylindric-linear. PI 7 — 12 cm. Branches
of the corymb elongated (spike-shaped), bearing almost
sessile fls. — Granite Alp. ; not everywhere. 7 annuum L. 872

11 (7). Fls white or rose-coloured. (Anthers brown) . 12

— Fls yellow'. (PI. glabr.) ...... 13

12. Ls linear-cylindric, altern. Inflorescence glabr. — Rocks;

walls, everywhere. 7 album L. 873. *)

— Ls short elliptic, humped, often spotted with red, and

mostly opp. Inflorescence glandular. —As the last; fairly
distrib. 7 . dasyphyllum L. 874.

13. Ls obtuse. PI. of 3— 8 cm .... 11

— Ls short — cuspidate. PI. of 15 — 25 cm . . 10

14. Pets erect, obtuse. Fls only 2 — 3 — 5 in number, pale
yellow and smaller than in the two following. S. repens
Schleich. — Alp., not common; G. W. 0. U. A. 7

alpestre Vill. 875.

*) A form with smaller, darker ls and stas inserted rather higher (?)
(S. purpureum Tausch ? Fabaria auct. helv. not Koch) near Courlevon.

**) S. micranthum Bast., smaller, with shorter ls which are almost
upright on the barren shoots, according to Gren., in the Jura, according to
Dur. and Pitt, on the Alp. of Canton Yaud.

178

Crassulacese.

— Pets spreading, acute ...... 15

15. Ls 1 i n e ar -cylindric, prolonged at the base in a sort

of spur which reaches below the point of insertion,
not bitter to the taste. S. boloniense Loisl. — "Walls, hills
with short grass; distrib. 6, 7 . sexangidare L. 876.

— Ls oval, thick, without a spur at the base, with a
bitter flavour. FIs less numerous than in the last. — As
the last, and often confounded with it, but rather earlier

acre L. 877.

16(13). Pets spreading, bright yellow. — Yar. : PI. glaucous
or (v. reflexum L.) of a bright green. — Dry, stony places,
but not everywhere (wanting in L. U.). 7 rupestre L. 878.*)

— Pets erect, pale yellow. S. anopetalum Dec.— As the last;
V eyrier, not far from Geneva, formerly also near Lausanne. 7

*ochroleucum Chaix. 879.

207. Sempervivum. House-leek. XI, 1.

1. Pets rose-coloured or lilac ..... 2

— Pets yellow or yellowish white .... 6*

2. Ls of the rosettes pubescent-glandular on both sides 3

— Ls of the rosettes glabrous above or warty-glandular 5

3. Ls of the rosettes bound together at the top by long,

soft hairs, like a spider’s web. — d. Doellianum Lehm.
Spider’s-web hairs fewer, rosettes smaller. (Binnthal,
Bernese Oberland.) — c. tomentosum Schnittsp . Webby in¬
dumentum very dense, white (Wall.). — Alp. and subalp.,
descending to the valleys. 7 . . arachncideum L. 880.

Ls of the rosettes not bound together by webbed hairs 4

4. Ls of the rosettes long-ciliate, cilice much longer than
the glandiferous hairs. — Alp.; reported from the Parpaner
Rothhorn in Graub. ; Binnthal and Gemeinalp in Wall. 7

Funckii Braun. 881.

— Ls of the rosettes with short cilia©, the cilice scarcelv
longer than the glandiferous hairs. — Alp. 7

montanum L. 882.

5(2). Ls of the rosettes with rather stiff cilice at the edges,
glabr. at the point. S. juratense Jord. — Rocky places,
especially of the mountains and Alps, also cultivated
on roofs and walls 7 tectorum L. 883. **)

* 1 S. arrigens Gren. PI. green, inflorescence erect before flowering,
not reflexed, according to Gren. Colombier de Gex, Reculet.

*) The following are probably allied to this species: S. Schnittspahnii
Lagg., glaucum Ten (acuminatum Schott?), vales iacum Lehm., and
Mettenianum Lehm. Schn. — S. alpinum Grisb., differing in the hairy
caul, ls, longer pets, ciliae at the edges, of a fine rose-colour, in Graub. (Enga-
dine, Ave s, Rheinwald, Bernbardin) according to Brugg., and in Tessin (Val
Maggia) according to Christ.

Cactacere. Grossulariacese.

179

— Ls of the rosettes warty-glandular above, edged witli
long, white, flexible hairs which form a small tuft at
the end of the leaf. Pets larger and broader than in
S. arachnoideum. — Reculet in the Jura. 8

Fauconneti Reut. 884.
6(1). Ls of the rosettes glaucous, glabr. above.— Alp.; G.
(Engadine, Poscliiavo). 7 . . Wulfeni Hopp. 885.

— Ls of the rosettes pubescent-glandular above . 7

7. Pets almost 3 times as long as cal. -lobes. Rosettes large.

S. globiferum Gaud. Pittoni Schott? — Alp ; \V. (Zwisch-
bergen!) Cogne, Yal Tornanche. 7 Gauclini Christ. 886.

— Pets at most tw'ico as long as cal. -lobes. Rosettes small.
— Alp., reported from Camogask, Graub. 7

Braunii Funk. 887.

OBS. During the last few years still a large number of species have
been established which have yet need of final examiuution ; See Beitr., 74 and
B. S. M. IT, 32 and 49. — Hybrids: alp. -arachnoideum ; alp.-montanum ; arach¬
noid. -mo nt an urn (barbulatum Schott, piliferum Jord.) ; arachn.-tectorum (Fon¬
tana Brtigg. 1) montan.- Wulfeni (Huteri Kern); tectorum-Wul/eni (Comollii
Rota).

47. Cactaceae.

208. Opuntia. Opuntia. XII, 8.

1. Pis leafless, fleshy, jointed, prickly. FI. of a sulphur
yellow. 0. nana Vis. — Rocky places; near Sion (Val6re),
at least naturalised. 6 . . vulgaris Mill. 888.

48. Grossulariaceae.

209. Ribes. Ribes. V, 5. XXII, 10.

1. Prickly shrubs. Racemes 1 — 3-fld. Gooseberry. — Uncul¬
tivated, stony, thickety places ; hedges ; also cultivated.*) 4

uva crispa L. 889.

— Shrubs without prickles. Racemes many-fld. (in 890 the

fern, racemes only 2— 5-fld) ..... 2

2. Racemes erect. FIs imperfectly dioecious. Bracts lanceo¬
late, longer than the pedicels. Ls shining underneath,
smaller and more shortly petioled than in the species
which follow. — Mountain woods; distrib. 5 alpinuni L. 890.

— Racemes pendant at any rate after flowering. FJs herma¬
phrodite. Bracts oval, gen. shorter than the pedicels If

3. Ls dotted underneath with yellowish glands. Fr. black,

of a peculiar flavour. Black-currant. — Water-side; rare;
G. V. (Payerne); often cultivated. 4 . nigrum L. 891.

*) R. Grossularia L , the form with larger fr., covered with setaceous
glandiferous hairs, is only cultivated with us.

180

Saxifragacese.

— Ls without glands. Fr. red, acid or bitter . . 4

4. Cal. -tube wide cup-shaped; cal. -lobes not ciliate. Red-

or white-currant. — Cultivated and sometimes subspont-
aneous. 4 . t rubrum L. 892.

— Cal. -tube campanulate; cal. -lobes ciliate; 1. -divisions more

acute than in the last. —FIs reddish. Fr. larger and later.
— Alp., subalp. and Jura; also cultivated and then the
fls less coloured). 4, 5 . . . petrsBum Wulf. 893.

49. Saxifragacese.

210. Saxifraga. Saxifrage. X, 12.

1. Ls having at the edges, or at least at the top, chalk-

secreting pits. (Ls entire) . • . . . . 2

— Ls without chalk-secreting pits or in 908 and 909 with,

even when young, a small dimple, without the chalky
scale ......... 12

2. Cauline ls opp. Fls rose or lilac .... 3

— Caul, ls altern. Fls white (sometimes spotted with red)

or yellow ........ 7

3. Cal. -lobes with glabr. edges. Ls with 3 — 5 spots at the
triangular tip. — Alp.; on the southern side of Mont Rosa. 7

*retusa Gouan. 894.

— Cal. -lobes ciliate. Ls with 1 spot (rarely 3) at the tip 4

4. Fls solitary; ring-shaped disk 0 or very narrow. Ls

crowded. Type of 8. oppositifolia . ... 5

— Fls 2 — 5 ( — 9); ring-shaped disk fairly broad. Ls rather

distant. Type of S. bijiora ..... 6

5. Cilise of the cal. -lobes not glandiferous. — Debris of the

Alp. and higher peaks of the Jura (Reculet and Dent de
Yaulion); brought down by water to the shores of the
Lake near Constance. 6 oppositifolia L. 895.

— Cilise of the cal. -lobes glandiferous. PI. more csespitose
than the last. Ls shorter. — High Alp; Gr. AY. 0. 7

Rudolphiana Hornsch. 896.

6. Pets lanceolate, 3-nerved. S. Hornungii Shuttlw. — Debris

of the Alp. 7 . biflora All. 897.

— Pets broad elliptic, 5-nerved. Fls larger than in the last.

S. macropetala Kern. — As the last and confounded with
it; the localities of the 2 species have yet to be verified. 7

Kochii Horng. 898.

7 (2). Ls ligulate, toothed, surrounded by a line of pores.
Stem 15 — 60 cm ....... S

— Ls almost 3-cornered, entire, with 5—7 pores. Stem

5 — 12 cm . 10

Saxifragaceae.

181

8. Pets of an orange-yellow (rarely yellow). — Damp rocks
of the mount, and subalp., from St. Gall to the Lake
of Thun; Calanda, Lagern, Riidlingen on the Rhine;
wanting in the central and southern Alp. and the Jura. 7

mutata L. 899

— Pets white or yellowish white, often spotted with red ,9

9. Lateral branches of the panicle 5 — 20-fhl. Stem 30— 60 cm.

— Granite rocks, especially of transalpine Switz., U., rarer
in the other Alps, W. 0. 6 . . Cotyledon L. 900.

— Lateral branches of the panicle or raceme 1 — 4-fld.
Stem 15 — 30 cm. — b. brevi folia- Sternb. (intacta Willd.)
Ls shorter, broader, pets not dotted. — Rocks of the Alp.,
subalp. and Jura, to the foot of the mount. 6

Aizoon L. 901.

10(7). Ls oval-lanceolate, cuspidate, with 5 pores. — Alp.;
Yeltlin, between Livigno and S. Giacomo di Frale, not
far from the frontiers ofGraub. 6 * V andeliii Sternb. 902

— Ls linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate, obtuse, sometimes

shortly- mucronate, or pointed, with 7 pores . 11

11. Stem densely glandular-viscid. Ls erect or slightly bent
back towards the top. — Alp.; \V. (Pierre a voir, llagne). 6

diapensoides Beil. 903

— Stem glabr. or with scattered glandular hairs. Ls bent

back almost from the base in an arch. — Calc, rocks of
the Alp. 7 . caesia L. 904.

12 (1). Cilice of the ls not jointed . ... 13

— Cilice of the ls jointed or in 910 not jointed at the base

of the leaf ........ 17

13. Stem leafless. Ls obovate-cuneiform, toothed at the top.

Pets white with 2 yellow spots. — b. robusta Engl. (S.
Clusii auct. helv. not Gouan.) Pets unequal, 3 of them
rather broader, suddenly narrowed to a claw. — Damp
places of the Alp. 7. stellaris L. 905.

— Stem leafy. Ls lanceolate or linear . . . 44

14. Pets with 2 hard spots at the base, golden yellow. Ls
lanceolate. — Peat-moss ; in many parts of the central Jura :
Surenenpass, Vevey (at least formerly), near Einsiedeln. 7

Hirculus L. 906

— Pets without hard spots ...... 15

15. Ls bearing foliaceous buds in their axils. Ovary free,
superior. Pets yellowish white. Type of S. aspera Id

— Ls without foliaceous buds in their axils. Ovary half-

inf. Pets light or dark yellow, sometimes (v. atrorubens)
saffron yellow.— Damp places of the Alp. and subalp ;
brought down sometimes by torrents; Reculet and Co-
lombier in the Jura. 7 ... aizoides L. 907.

Saxifragaceee.

16. The foliaceous buds half as long as the leaves which
support them. Stem 10 — 15 cm, many- (3 — 7-) fid. — Rocks
of Alp. and subalp. 7 aspera L. 903.

— The foliaceous buds as long as the Is which support them.
Stem 5 cm, gen. 1-fld. — High Alp. 8 bryoides L. 909.

17 (12). Rt. -stock with barren shoots. High mountain pis 18

— Rt. or rt. -stock without barren shoots . . . 25

18. Stas dilated towards the top. Ls glabr., roundish ob-
ovate, surrounded by a cartilaginous rim. Stem leafless.
Pets white, with, rarely without, a yellow spot. — Alp.;
descending to the Rhone valley. 6 cuneifolia L. 910.

— Stas subulate. Pis often pubescent-glandular . If)

19. Lower ls palmatifid, with 3— 5 — 9 lobes, sometimes mixed

with entire ls (rarely in 914 all entire) . . 20

— Ls all entire, rarely, in 915 and 916, 3-toothed at the

top .......... 23

20. Pets narrow linear, acute, only Vs the breadth of
the cal. -lobes and barely longer, lemon-yellow. Stem

1- fld. S. apliylla Sternb. — High Alp.; G. U. A. O. (Foot
of the Rothstock); not found any farther west.

stenopetala Gaud. 911.

— Pets oval, oblong or obovate, obtuse. Stem 2-12-

(rarely 1-) fid . 21

21 Pets narrowed to a distinct claw. Stvle much longer
than the stig. Cal.-lobes almost linear. FIs large. — Alp.;
southern side of Mont Rosa. 7 *pedemontana All. 912-

— Pets with no claw. Style about 2 or 3 times as long as

the stig. Cal.-lobes oval or oval-oblong . . 22

22. Ls with 3 — 5 furrows when fresh, when dry with 3—5
prominent nerves Pets gen. twice as long as the cal.-
lobes, white or yellowish, rarely spotted with red, or
almost entirely red (v. maeulata Rchb. Albula). S. ctespi-
tosa Gaud, not L., intermedia Gaud., leucantha Thom.,
striata Hall. f. ? — High Alp., fairly distrib. ; descending
almost to the valley in Wall. 7 . exarata Vill. 913.

— Ls when fresh without furrows, when dry with a few

nerves. Pets as long as, or barely longer than, the cal.-
lobes, greenish yellow, rarely almost white, very rarely
of a dark red (v. atropurpurea Sternb.) S. muscoides
auct. not All., moschata Gren. Engl., acaulis Gaud. (f.
compacta), crocea Gaud. (fl. of a saffron yellow ; accord¬
ing to Koch, on Mont Rosa). — Alp. and Jura (Reculet,
Colombier). 7 . variens Sieb. 914.

23(19). Ls linear-oblong, round-obtuse at the top; those
of the preceeding years whitish gray at the top. Stems

2 — 5-fld. Pets white, becoming yellow in drying (with
pets of a lemon-yellow, v. citrina Heg., reported from

Saxifragaceae.

183

near Zermatt), obovate-oval, twice as long as the cal.-
lobes. S. muscoides All. —High Alp. 7 planifolia Lap. 915.

— Ls spathulate-lanceolate or obovate, those of former

years brown. Stem, not considering bracts, leafless or
with one leaf ........ 24r

24. Pets white, even when dried, obovate. Almost twice as
long as the cal. -lobes. — High Alp.; rather rare. 7

androsacea L. 916.

— Pets yellow, oblong-linear, as long as, or barely longer
than, the cal.-lobes. — High Alp.; fairly rare. 7

Seguieri Sprgl. 917.

25(17). Ann. pis 5 — 15 cm high. Ls 3—5-toothed, or 3-5-
fid, rarely entire. fPls glandular-glutinous; fls white) 2(i

— Perenn. pis, 20 — 50 cm high. Ls lobed-crenate . 27

26. Pedicels much longer than the fr -calyx. — Gravelly places,
walls, sunny grass-plots; fairly distrib. 3, 4

tridactylites L. 918.

— Pedicels, at most, as long as the fr. -calyx. Stem more
robust and more leafy than in the last. Fls larger. S.
petraea Gaud.— Alp.; G. W. V. 7 controversa Sternb. 919.

27. Rt. or 1. -axils bearing little bulbs. Pets white . 28

— Without the little bulbs. Pets white, spotted with yellow
and red. Ls cordate — reniform. — Damp, shady places
of the Alp., subalp. and Jura. 6 . rotundifolia L. 920.

28. Stem always 1-fid . The axils of the upper ls bearing
small bulbs. Ovary sup. — Under overhanging, damp
rocks, damp places (above Lens, Sanetsch). 7

cernua L. 921.

— Stem 3 — 9-fld. Ovary half-inferior .... 2i)

29. Stem furnished with ls throughout its whole length
(8 — 12 Is). Axils of the upper Is bearing small bulbs.
— Grassy slopes; W. (Sion, Branson, Gueuroz). 7

bulbifera L. 922.

— Stem only leafy in its lower part (3—5 Is). Axils of the

ls without small bulbs. — Grassy hills and slopes of
northern Switz. ; Murg on the Wallensee ; Lausanne and
Geneva. 4 . granulata L. 923.

OBS. Hybrids: S. aizoides-ccesia (patens Gaud.); S. aizoides-mutata

(Hausmanni and Regelii Kern., Girtanneri Briigg.) ; S. Aizoon-Cotyledon (Gau-

dini Briigg. Simplon); S. androsacea-eguieri ; S. biflora-oppositifolia (hybrida

Kern.); S. Cotyledon-cuneifolia (Jaggiana Briigg. ! Roffla) ; S. pianifolia-steno-

petala (Mureti Ramb.) ; S. planifolin-varinns.

211. Chrysosplenium. Chrysosplene. VHI, 21. X, 28.

1. Caul, ls altera., rad. ls orbicular-reniform.— Damp, shady
places, near springs; distrib. 4 . alternifolium L. 924.

184

Umbelliferse.

— Caul. Is opp., rad. Is almost semi-orbicular (truncate at

the base). — As the last but much rarer, chiefly in
central Switz. (B. J. U. L.). 4 . oppositifolium L. 925.

50. Umbelliferse.

212. Hydrocotyle. Hydrocotyle. V, 65.

1. Stem creeping. Ls peltate-orbicular, crenate.— Marshes,
here and there (wanting in G. T.). 6, 7 vulgaris L. 926.

213. SanicuSa. Sanicle. Y, 66.

1. Rad. ls palmatipartite, with 3-fid divisions, inciso-dentate.
--Shady woods; distrib. 5 . . europsea L. 927.

214. Astrantia. Astrantia. Y, 66.

1. Rad. ls palmatisect, with narrow, lanceolate divisions.
— Alp. and subalp. 6, 7 . . . minor L. 928.

— Rad. ls palmatipartite, with oblong-obovate divisions. —

Mount, and subalp. 6 major L. 929.*)

215. Eryngium. Eringo. Y, 64.

1. Rad. ls undiv. Heads oblong, of an amethyst blue. —
Alp.; Gr. W. Y. B. XJ. (mostly in western Switz.); Re-
culet and Colombier in the Jura. 7 alpinism L. 980.

— Ls ternate-bipinnatifid. Heads almost globular, of a whitish

green. — Slopes, road-sides; not common; western Switz.

T. 7 . campestre L. 931.

216. Cicuta. Cowbane. Y, 101.

1. Ls 3-pinnatisect with narrow, linear-lanceolate, dentate-
mucronate, segments. Rt. -stock hollow, div. into super¬
posed cells. — Marsh-ditches; water side; rather rare (want¬
ing in G-. T. S.). 7 .... virosa L. 932.

217. Petroselinum. Parsley. Y, 74.

1. Ls shining above, the lower ones 2 — 3-pinnati9ect, with
lanceolate segments. FIs greenish. Cultivated. 6

t sativum Hoffm. 933

218. Trinia. Trinia. Y, 68.

1. Ls 2 — 3-pinnatisect, with linear segments. T. glauca Du-
mort. T. elatior Gaud.? — Dry, stony places, hills; G.
T. W. Y. B. 0. 5 . . . . vulgaris Dec. 934.

*) A. alpina F. Schultz (carniolica Koch p. not Wulff.) reported from
the Seezboden in Weisstannenthal and in the Lower Engadino. See N. Beitr. II, 7.

Umbelliferse.

185

219. Apium. Celery. V, 81.

1. Ls pinnatisect, with cuneiform segments, incised in
front. Umbels very shortly peduncled. 7. Cultivated

t graveolens L. 935.

220. Helosciadium. Helosciadium. V, 119, 98.

1. Stem prostrate throughout its whole length, and rooting.
L. -segments oval. Umbels peduncled — Marsh-ditches;
rare (wanting in G. \V. J. L.). 7 . repens Koch. 930.

— Stem prostrate and rooting only at the base. L. -seg¬

ments oval-lanceolate. Umbels almost sessile. (Berula is
distinguished by its many-leafed invol ). — As the last;
W.? Y. 7 . nodiilorum Koch. 937.

221. Ptychotis. Ptychotis. V, 103.

1 Rad. ls simply pinnatisect, with almost orbicular, inciso-
dentate segments. Caul. Is multifid, with liuear-filiform
divisions.— Gravelly places by the Lake of Geneva. 7

heterophy lla Koch. 938.

222. Falcaria. Falcaria. V, 121.

1. Ls 1 — 2-ternatisect ; segments long, linear-lanceolate,
slightly coriaceous, with a cartilaginous edge and serrate
teeth. F. Rivini Host. — Fields, road-sides; rare; J. Z. S. 7

vulgaris Bernh. 939

223. Sison. Sison. V, 83, 103.

1. Ls pinnatisect; segments of the lower ls oval-oblong,
those of the upper ls pinnatifid, with linear lobes. -
Shady places, hedges; Geneva. 7 . Amomum L. 940.

224. Ammi. Bull-wort. V, 121.

1. Ls simply or 2 — 3-ternatisect, of a bright or glaucous
green, glabr. — Lucern-fields; introduced with foreign
grain; J. Z. S. 7, 8 . . . . rnajus L. 941.

225. Aegopodium. Gout-weed. V, 82.

1. Rad. ls ternatisect, with large, oval-oblong, unequally
toothed segments. — Shady places, walls, hedges; every¬
where. 6 . Podagraria L. 942.

226. Carum. Caraway. V, 85, 121.

1. Invol. 0; involucel 0 or of few leaflets. Rt. fusiform.
Caraway. — Fields, pasturages; everywhere. 5 Carvi L. 943.

— Invol. and involucel of 4 — 7 leaflets Rt. globular. Bunium
Bulboc. L. — Fields; W. V. B. J. (western Switz.). 6

Bulbocastanum Koch. 944.

14

186

Umbelliferse.

227. Pimpinelia. Burnet-saxifrage. V, 84.

1. Stem angular, furrowed, Is few, distant, 6 — 12 dm. — Yar.
with 1. -segments pinnatifid (v. orientalis Jacq.), and,
especially in the subalp., with rose-coloured fls (v. rubra
Hoppe). —Meadows, woods; everywhere. 5 magna L. 945.

— Stem cylindric, finely streaked, almost without Is in the
upper part. — Yar. : segments, of the rad. Is also, laciniate
(v. hircina Monch) ; — b. nigra Willd. PI. very pubescent;
rt. of a blue colour when cut. — c. alpestris Sprgl. See
N. Beitr. II, 7. — Dry pasturages, hills, slopes; b. Wall. 7

Saxifraga L. 946.

OBS. P. Anisum L. is cultivated, but only rarely.

228. Berula. Berula. Y, 122 a.

1. Ls pinnatisect; segments oval-lanceolate, irreg. inciso-
dentate. Stem 40— 60cm, cylindric, finely streaked. —
Ditches and brooks; everywhere. 7 angustifolia Koch. 947.

229. Sium. Sium. Y, 122 a.

1. Ls pinnatisect; segments finely and r eg. toothed. Stem
100 —150 cm. — Ditches ; W. ? V. B. J. (western Switz.). 7

latifolium L. 948.

OBS. S. Sisarum L. with tuberculous-fascicled root, is cultivated, but

rarely.

230. Bupleurum. Hare’s-ear. Y, 67.

1. Ls perfoliate, oval. Ann. pis. Umbels with 5 — 8 rays.
—Fields (wanting in T. U. L ). 6 . rotundifolium L, 949.

— Ls not perfoliate. Perenn. pis .... 2

2. Involucel-leaflets united from the base to the middle.

Stem leafless or with one 1. in its upper part. Ls linear-
lanceolate.— Alp ; G. T. W. O. U. 7 stellatum L. 950.
Involucel-leaflets free ...... 3

3. Ls 1-nerved, but with numerous reticulate veins, the

upper ones oblong or oval, deeply cordate. Involucel-
leaflets broad, elliptic. — Thickets; Jura as far as Schaffh.;
Schwyz and Zurich (along the Si hi) ; Speer and Riiti, •
Canton St. Gall. 7 . . . longifoiium L 951.

— Ls several-nerved, without reticulate veins, or rarely hav¬

ing such veins, but then involucel-leaflets linear-lanceo¬
late .......... 4

4. Ls surrounded by a narrow membranous edge, the upper

narrower than the lower, linear or linear-lanceolate, nar¬
rowed towards the base, often rather bent in the shape
of a sickle. Involucel-leaflets narrow, lanceolate. — Dry
hills. Western Switz. W. S. 8 . falcatum L. 952.

Umbelliferse.

187

— Ls without the membranous edge, the upper ones broader,
clasping at the base. Involucel-leaflets broad, elliptic.
B. Burserianum Schl. (larger form).— b. canalense Waif.
(caricifolium Rchb. not Willd.) Stem often taller and
more branched; ls only 2 — 3 mm broad; utnbellules and
especially the involucels smaller. Probably a good species !
— Alp. and Jura; b. Monte Salvadoro in Tess. 7

ranunculoides L. 953

231. Oenanthe. Oenanth. V, 105.

1. Rt. fusiform. Ls 2 — 3-pinnatisect, with very numerous,

small and spreading segments. FIs all pedicelled and
fertile. — Marsh-ditches, rare ; Freibg., Neuchatel, Aargau,
Schaffh. (Binningerried). 7 . Phellandrium Lam. 954.

— Rt. fascicled. Ls 1 — 3-pinnatisect, the caulitie with long,
linear segments. FIs of the circumference pedicelled,
often sterile, those of the centre almost sessile, fertile 2

2. The pinnatiseet portion of the caul, ls shorter than the
hollow petiole. Umbels with 2 — 4 (the lateral, later ones
with 3 — 6) rays. — Marshy meadows, ditches, rare and
almost only on the plains of western Switz. G

fistulosa L. 955.

— The pinnatiseet portion of the caul, ls longer than the
petiole. Umbels with 8 — 15 rays. Rt. -fibres tuberculous,
long-clavate, thickened in the middle or towards the end.
— Marshy meadows, rare; T. V. Lower Wall., B&le, Lake
of Zurich (at least formerly). G

Lachenalii Gmel. 956.*)

232. Aethusa. Aethusa. V, 104.

1. Ls 2 — 3-pinnatisect, entirely glabr., shining underneath,
and emitting a foetid smell when rubbed. Stem 20—45 cm ,
among stubble, only 2— 8 cm (v. agrestis), on the rich
soil of woods often 120 — 150 cm (v. elata). Very easily
recognised by the 3 long leaflets of the involucel being
bent back and turned downwards! — Distrib. 6

Cynapium L. 957.

233. Foeniculum. Fennel. V, 71.

1. Ls several times pinnatiseet, with long, linear-filiform
segments. Sheaths of the upper ls 30—50 mm long (comp.
Anethum). — Stony places, vineyards, road-sides ; here
and there, especially in western Switz. 7

officinale All. 958.

* *) O. peucedanifolia Poll., a W. European species, differs in its napi-

form rt.-fibres which are oval or elongated, sessile, thickened from the base
and terminated by a long fibre, in its umbels of 6 — 10 rays, longer styles
and earlier bloom. This species is not found in this country.

188

Umbelliferse.

234. Seseli. Seseli. Y, 90, 108.

1. Invol. many-leafed. Ls 2 — 3-pinnatisect, bluish green
underneath. Stem 40 — 100 cm, in the Alps only 12 — 15 cm.
Libanotis montana Crantz. — b. dauci folium Scop. Ls more
div., with narrower segments. (Simplon! Binnthal) —
Stony mount, slopes, on calcareous soil; distrib. 7

Libanotis Koch. 959.

— Invol. 0 ........ 2

2. Umbels with 6 — 10 rays. Involucel-leaflets with very
narrow membranous edges. — Calc, hills. Pruntrut. 8

montanum L. 960.

— Umbels with 15 — 30 rays. Involucel-leaflets with broad
membranous edges. S. coloratum Ehrb. — Hills, wood-
edges; here and there; G. W. Y. B. J. Z. S. A. 8

annuum L. 961.

235. Cnidium. Cnidium. Y, 108.

1. Ls 3-pinnatisect. L. -sheaths loose, standing out from the
stem. Ligusticum silaifolium Gaud. — T. ( Mt. Generoso). 7

apioides Sprgl, 962.

236. TrochiscantSies. Trochiscanthes. Y, 98.

1. Ls several times ternatisect; segments large, oval-lanceo¬
late, unequally toothed. FI. -branches opp. or whorled,
with numerous small umbellules.— Wooded places ; lower
Rhone valley (Aigle, Epenassay and Port-Wall.). 7

nodiflorus Koch. 963.

237. Athamanta. Athamanta. Y, 90.

1. Ls 3-pinnatisect, with linear segments, more or less
gray-pubescent or, especially in lower stations, almost
glabr. (v. rupestris V ill.). — Calc, rocks of Alp., subalp.
and Jura. 6 . cretensis L. 964.

238. Ligusticum. Lovage. Y, 85, 107, 122.

1. Invol.-leaflets 0—3, undiv. Stem 100 cm and more. —
T. (Mt. Generoso). 7 Seguieri Gaud. 965.

— Invol. -leaflets numerous, pinnatifid towards the top. Stem
30 — 50 cm. — Detritus of the Jura (Reculet, Colombier). 7

*ferulaceum All. 966.

239. Silaus. Silaus. Y, 75.

1 . Ls2 — 3-pinnatisect, with linear-lanceolate segments, entire
and rough at the edges. — Damp meadows; distrib. 7

pratensis Bess. 967.

Umbellifer®.

189

240. Meum. Spignel. V, 107.

1. L. -segments multifid, with capillary, almost whorled
lobes. — Pasturages in the mount, and Alp., rare; St. Bern-
hard, Jura of Canton Neuchatel, Etzel and Einsiedeln. 5 — -7

athamanticum Jacq. 968.

— L. -segments pinnatifid, with 1 i n e a r - 1 an c e o l a t e seg¬
ments.— Alp. 6 Muteilina Gartn. 969.

241. Pachypleurum. Pachypleurum. V, 117.

1. Ls 2 — 3-pinnatisect, with linear segments. In vol. -leaflets
7 — 10, gen. 2 -3-fid. Fr. often tinted with dark violet.
No. 969 which resembles it, differs in the want of in-
vol. or invol. consisting of only one leaflet. Gaya sim¬
plex Gaud. — High Alps. 7 . . simplex Rchb. 970.

242. Selinum. Milk-parsley. V, 110.

1. Ls 3-pinnatisect; segments deeply pinnatifid, with di¬
visions terminated by a white, mucronate point. Stem
angular, almost winged. No. 981 which resembles it,
differs in the numerous invol. -leaflets, edged with white.
— Damp meadows, marshes; here and there. 7

carvifolium L. 971.

243. Levisticum. Heart-wort. V, 76.

1. Ls (like those of the celery) shining, 2-pinnatisect ; seg¬
ments rhomboidal-cuneiform , inciso-lobed in front. —
Cultivated in cottage-gardens. 7 officinale Koch. 972-

244. Angelica. Angelica. Y, 111.

1. Ls 3-pinnatisect ; segments oval or oval-lanceolate, un¬
equally toothed. — b. montana Schleich. PI. often taller;
1. -segments narrower, the upper decurrent at the base.
— Meadow-ditches, damp thickets; distrib. ; b. chiefly in
mountainous parts. 7 sy Ivestris L. 973.

245. Archangelica. Archangel. Y, 111.

1. Habit of the last, but l.-sheaths entirely united to the
stem, and fls greenish — Rarely cultivated; reported also
as subspontaneous by the water-side. 7

t officinalis Hoffm. 974.

246. Peucedanum. Hog’s Fennel. Y, 72, 80, 112, 118.

1. Invol. 0 or of few (-3) leaflets .... .2

— Invol. of 4— many leaflets. (Ls 3-pinnatisect) . o

2. Stem 10— 2b dm high, much-branched; upper branches
whorled. Ls 3-pinnatisect; segments oval, coarsely toothed.

190

Umbelliferse.

FI. greenish yellow. Habit of an Angelica. Tommasinia
verticillaris Bert. — Mountain slopes. G. 7

verticii'are Koch. 975.

— Stem 3 — 10 dm, simple or branches not whorled . 3

3. Ls simply pinnatisect; segments sessile, pinnatifid}

with linear lobes. FIs greenish or yellowish. P. carvi-
folia Vill. — Wood-sides, thickets; along the Jura from
Geneva to Bale; Martigny? 7 . Chabl'cei Rchb. 976.

— Ls 1 — 2-ternatisect; segments oval or oblong, 2 — 3-fid.

FIs white or rose-coloured ..... 4-

4. Ls (resembling those of Aegopodium) rather stiff; seg¬

ments oval, unequally toothed. Imperatoria Ostr. L. —
Alp. 6 . Ostruthium Koch. 977.

— Ls thin, 2-ternatisect; segments cuneiform, long-acu¬

minate, unequally and deeply inciso-dentate, pinnatifid
at the base, lobes and teeth directed forwards, acumi¬
nate. — Tess. (in monte supra Lugano et Bironico;
Schleich. herb !). 6 . angustifolium Rchb. /. 978.

5 (1). Edges of the carps winged, thin, as broad as the
whole carp. (Stem furrowed, with ridges of a shining
white). Type of P. austriacum .... (}

— Edges of carps narrow, at most half as wide as the

carp. 7

6. L. -lobes linear-lanceolate. Selinum nigricans Gaud. —

Stony, thickety hills and mountains of western Switz.
W. Y. 0. 7 . austriacum Koch. 979.

— L. -lobes narrow-linear. — As the last. Italian Switz. 7

raiblense Koch. 980.

7. Rt. -stock not surrounded by the remnants of the ls of
former years. Stem hollow, furrowed. Vittte of the com¬
missural-face covered. Comp. Selinum. Thysselinum
palustre Hoffm. — Damp meadows; distrib. 7, 8

palustre Monch. 981.

— Rt. -stock surrounded by the remains of the ls of former

years. Stem gen. solid. Yittse visible 8

8. Stem angular, furrowed, branched in the upper portion,

with rather small opp. or whorled umbels. Invol. spread¬
ing. L. -divisions linear-lanceolate. - Stony mountains;
T. W. 8 . venetum Koch. 982.

— Stem cylindric, streaked or slightly furrowed in the

upper portion, simple or rather branchy, with large
umbels ......... .9

9. Ramifications of the petiole bent back at a right or
obtuse angle. L. -segments green underneath or slightly
paler, oblong-cuneiform, incised or almost pinnatifid.
Full-grown fr. almost orbicular, indented at the top.
Auttm of the commissural face arched, skirting the

Umbelliferse.

191

edge. — Dry hills, wood-sides; fairly distrib. (wanting
in U. L. A.). 7 Oresselmum Monch. 988.

— Ramifications of the petiole spreading at an acute angle.
L. -segments rather coriaceous, grayish-green underneath,
oval, serrate, with almost mucronate teeth. Fr. oval,
not indented. Vittfe of the commissural face almost par¬
allel.— As the last (wanting in A.). 7 Cervaria Cuss. 984.

247. Anethum. Dill. V, 73.

1. Resembling fennel, from which it is distinguished by
the flat, lentil-like fr., and the shorter (only 10 — 15 mm
long) sheaths. — Cultivated. 7 . . t graveolens L. 985.

248. Pastinaca. Parsnip. V, 73.

1. Stem angular-furrowed, almost glabr. Umbels with 10 to
15 rays — Wav-sides, slopes; distrib. 7, 8 sativa L. 980.

— Stem cylindric, only streaked, taller than in the last
1 10 — 15 dm) and, like the Is, covered with a denser
pubescence. Umbels smaller, with 5 — 7 rays.— As the
last; W. V. 8, later than the last opaca Bernh. 987.

249. Heracleum. Cow-parsnip. V, 89, 112.

1. Ls very large, the lower ones cordate-orbicular, only
lobed, with roundish or obtuse lobes, at last almost
glabr. — Shady places in the Jura (from Chasseron to

. Schafmatt). 7, earlier than the following alpinum L. 988.

— Ls . at least the lower ones, with distinctly separate

divisions ......... 2

2. Ls (about intermediate between the last and the follow¬

ing) palmatisect; segments 3, sometimes more or less
confluent.— Stony, shady places in the Jura; also G. W.
(Zermatt) 0. 7 . . . . montanum Schleich. 989.

— Ls pinnatisect; segments 5 — 7, lobed or p i n n at i fid, the

terminal often confluent with the upper lateral ones,
the others gen. stalked. — b. elegant Jacq.*) L. -segments
pinnatifid, with long, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate lobes.
— Meadows; everywhere; b. the typical form chiefly in
the subalp. 5, 6 . . . Sphondylium L. 990.

250. Tordylium. Hart-wort. V, 88.

1. Ls rough, simply pinnatisect; segments coarsely inciso-
crenate, those of the lower ls oval-oblong, those of the
upper ls oblong-lanceolate. — Uncultivated, stony places
near Orbe. 7 . maximum L. 991.

*) H. longifolium Schleich. (not Jacq.) differs, according to Godet,
in the anthers being of a dark red and H. sibiricum L. has greenish or
yellowish fls, not or scarcely rayed and glabr. ovary in the fl., requiring
further examination. Kolliker and Boissier give this last as growing in Switz'.

192

Umbelliferse.

251. Laserpitium. Laserpitium. V, 76, 113.

1. Stem angular-furrowed, hispid below. Ls 2-pinnatisect ;

segments pinnatifid, with lanceolate lobes, rough at the
edges. FIs white, yellowish when dried. (Rather like
981 ) — Damp meadows, among bushes; not everywhere
(wanting in U. L ). 7 . . . prutanicum L. 992.

— Stem cylindric, finely streaked and glabr. , . 2

2. Pets yellowish, edged with red. Habit of 995. L. luteolum

Gaud. — b. rosidum Chr ., entirely glabr. (Yal Maggia.)
— Alp. and subalp.; G. T. W. (Zwischenbergen), sporadic
also on the St. Gall Alp. 7 . . Gaudini IVlorett. 993.

— Pets white ........ 3

8. Ls 3-pinnatisect, glabr., with lanceolate, entire seg¬
ments. See N. Beitr. I, 13. — Stony, calc, slopes of Alp.,
subalp. and Jura. 7 Siler L. 994.

— L. -segments toothed or pinnatifid .... 4

4. Ls ternati — bipinnatisect; segments large, oval or oval-

oblong, cordate at the base, glabr. or shortly hispid
underneath. - Stony wooded hills, especially in the mount,
and subalp. region. 6, 7 . . lalifolium L. 995

— Ls several times decompound, with segments oval in

contour, div. into linear lobes, more or less hairy. Re¬
sembling 964. L. hirsutum Lam., L. llalleri All. — Alp.
(wanting in A.) 7 . . . Panax Gouan. 996.

252. Orlaya. Qrlaya. V, 92.

1. Ls 2 —3-pinnatisect, with linear segments. Ray-pets very
large (15 mm). — Among corn, especially in fields at
a high elevation; fairly distrib. (wanting in G.). 6

grandiflora Hoffm. 997.

253. Daucus. Carrot. Y, 91.

1. Ls 2 — 3-pinnatisect. Invol. -leaflets gen. pinnatifid. Central
umbellule gen. suppressed in the wild pi., dark red.
— Meadows, fields ; everywhere; also cultivated (Carrot). 6

Carola L. 998.

254. Turgenia. Turgenia. Y, 94.

1. Ls simply pinnatisect; segments lanceolate, inciso-dent-
ate. Umbels with 2 — 4 rays. — Among the corn: W.
(between Saillon and Leytron, Conthev, Sierre). 6

latifolia Hoffm. 999.

255. Caucalis. Caucalis. Y, 94.

1. Secondary ribs of the fr. armed with a single rowT of
prickles, glabr. Stem glabr. or with scattered spreading
hairs. — Fields ; fairly distrib. (wanting in T. U. A.). 6

daucoides L. 1000.

Umbelliferw.

193

— Secondary ribs of the fr. armed with 3 rows of prickles,
rough. Stem covered with numerous applied, refiexed hairs.
Fr. smaller. — Fields, very rare and uncertain (adven¬
titious); formerly in Wall, and near Bale, recently found
near Couvet (Canton Neuchatel). 6 leptophylla L. 1001.

256. Torilis. Torilis. V, 93.

1. Umbels almost sessile, forming little clusters and composed
of only 2 — 3 rays. — Y. (near Charnex), adventitious? 4

* nodosa Gartn. 1002.

— Umbels with long peduncles and 9 — 12 rays . 2

2. Invol. of 5 — 12 (gen. 7 — 9) leaflets. Fr. -prickles not
glochidiate. — Road-sides, hedges; everywhere. 6

Anthriscus Gmel. 1003.

— Invol. 0 or of 1 leaflet. Fr. -prickles glochidiate. T. Hel¬

vetica Gmel — Fields, especially after mowing (in less
elevated situations with branches spreading from the
base), hedges and thickets (in higher situations branched
only in the upper part and with more erect branches) ;
western Switz., W. Z. S. 7 . . infesta Hoffm. 1004.

257. Scandix. Scandix. V, 95.

1. Lis 2 — 3-pinnatisect; segments pinnatifid with linear
lobes. Fr. -beak very long (4 — 6cm). — Cornfields (want¬
ing in U. A.). 5, 6 . . pecten Veneris L. 1005.

258. Anthriscus. Beaked Parsley. V, 87, 100.

1. Umbels with 8 — 15 rays, all peduncled. Perenn. pis. Type

of A. sylvestris . ... . . . . 2

— Umbels with 2—5 rays, partly peduncled, partly sessile.

Bienn. pis ........ 4

2. Us 2-pinnatisect, segments cut into linear, distant

lobes A. sylvestris tenuifolia auct., A. torquata Thom,
not Duby. — Shady, rocky places; only near Bressaucourt
in the Bernese Jura. 6 . . . alpina Jord. 1006

— Ls 2 — 3-pinnatisect; segments oblong-oval or oblong-

lanceolate, more or less deeply incised . . 3

3. Ls 3-pinnatisect; the 2 lower segments of the first order
each smaller than the middle part of the leaf. FIs all
or almost all fertile. — Meadows; everywhere 4, 5

sylvestris Hoffm. 1007.

— Ls ternati — bipinnatisect ; the 2 lower segments of the
first order almost as large as the rest of the leaf. Cen¬
tral fls of the umbelules barren (chiefly male). Resembling
1011. A. sylvestris alpestris auct., A. abortiva Jord. —
Mount, and subalp.; (i. W. T. Y. O. Dole, Saleve and
probably in other places also! 6 nitida Garck. 1008.

194

Umbelliferae.

4 (1). Rays of the umbel gen. finely pubescent. Fr. linear,
glabr., more rarely (v. trichospenna Schult.) with setaceous
prickles. — Hedges, road-sides; .entirely naturalised in
western Switz.; also cultivated; b. W. (Valere, Tour-
billon). 5 .... Cerefolium Hoffm. 1009.

— Rays of the umbel glabr. Fr. oval, furnished with num¬
erous hooked prickles. — Rubbish -heaps, road-sides; Tessin,
western Switz.; otherwise sometimes adventitious. 4

vulgaris Pers. 1010.

259. Chaerophyllum. Chervil. V, 100.

1. Pets ciliate. (Ls 2-pinnatisect ; segments pinnatifid.) Type

of Ch. hirsutum L. . . . . . . 2

— Pets not ciliate. (Stem often tinted with red) .

2. Carpophore only 2-fid at the top. FIs white or rose-

coloured. Ch. hirsutum Koch not L. — Damp meadows,
brooks; distrib. 5 . . . . Cicutaria Vili. 1011.

— Carpophore 2-partite to the middle or still deeper ,3

3. Pets ciliate all round Stem more hairy than in the last.

Involucel-leaflets lanceolate, greener,, with stronger and
longer cilise. Fr. larger. Ch. hirsutum Vill., Ch. alpestre
Jord. — Alp., subalp. and Jura. 6 . Villarsii Koch. 1012.

— Pets ciliate only at the top. Involucel-leaflets linear-

lanceolate, almost entirely scarious; 1. -segments longer
than in the last; the lateral umbels often opp. or in
whorls of 3. — Alp.; St. Bernhard a la Pierraz and pro¬
bably in other places also. 6 . elegans Gaud. 1013.

4(1). Rs 3-pinnatisect; segments oval at the base, then
lanceolate, pinnatifid at the base, only toothed towards the
top (more or less short-haired or almost glabr.). Habit
of 1007, from which it is distinguished by its fr. not
being prolonged in a beak, of a brownish yellow when
ripe (not black), also by its longer involucel-leaflets.
Anthriscus rupicola God. — Hedges and wood-sides, es¬
pecially in the mount. 6 . . aureum L. 1014.

— Ls 2-pinnatisect; segments oval or oval-oblong, lobed-

pinnatifid, with obtuse mucronate lobes. — Hedges and
thickets; distrib. 6 . . . . temulum L. 1015.

260. Myrrhis. Cicely. Y, 100.

1. Ls soft, covered with a short, dense pubescence, 3-pinnati¬
sect, with pinnatifid segments. Fr. large (20 — 25 mm),
brown, as if varnished. — Alp., subalp and Jura ; western
Switz. and Graub. ; also cultivated. 6 odorata Scop. 1016.

261. iVlolopospermum. Moloposperm. Y, 116.

1. Ls 3-pinnatisect; segments oval at the base, then lanceo¬
late, narrowed to a long point, deeply pinnatifid. Stem

Araliaceae. Cornacete.

195

10 — 20 dm. Ligusticum peloponnesiacum L.- Alp. and
subalp.; Italian Switz. and Wall. 7 cicutarium Dec. 1017.

262. Conium. Hemlock. V, 115.

1. Ls 3-pinnatisect, dull-green, entirely glabr , as also the
stem; segments pinnatifid with teeth terminated hy a
whitish point. Petioles hollow. Involucels shorter than
the umbellules (which distinguishes it from Aethusa).
Distinguished from all the similar species of the genera
Anthriscus and Chserophyllum by the ribs of the fr. being
undulate d-c r e n a t e. — Uncultivated stony places, rub¬
bish-heaps, hedges; distrib., but not usually plentiful. 6

maculatum L. 1018

263. Pleurospermum. Pleurosperm. Y, 116.

1. Ls 2 — 3-pinnatisect. PI. glabr. 10 — 13 dm. — Thickets,
wood-clearings; Mt. Generoso, Algabi (Simplon), Amlicon
and Sulgen (Thurgau), Sentis. 7 austriacum Hoffm. 1019.

264. Bifora. Bifora. V, 78.

1. Ls 2— 3-pinnatisect; segments pinnatifid, lobes of the
lower ls linear, of the upper Is filiform.— Fully, Vevey,
Geneva; adventitious, hut appears to spread. 6

* radians Bieb. 1020.

265. Coriandrum. Coriander. Y, 78.

1. Lower ls simply pinnatisect, with round-obovate, in-
ciso-lobed segments; upper ls 2-pinnatisect, with narrow
linear segments. Fr. globular, pale yellowish brown. —
Cultivated and sometimes subspontaneous 6

t sativum L. 1021.

51. Araliacese.

266. Hedera. Ivy. Y, 5.

1. Ls angular, 3— 5-lobed, those of the fl. -branches rhom-
boidal, undiv. — On old trees, walls, and rocks, climb¬
ing or creeping; everywhere. 9 . . Helix L. 1022.

52. Cornaceae.

267. Cornus. Cornus. IV, 7.

1. FIs white, appearing after the ls, in branchy corymbs
without invol. Fr. blackish. — Hedges and thickets; dis¬
trib. 5 ..... sangumea L. 1023.

196

Loranthacese. Caprifoliaceae.

— FIs yellow, appearing before the Is, in simple umbels

surrounded by an invol. of 4 leaflets. Fr. cherry-red.
Cornel-cherry. — Thickety hills; T. W. Y. A.; also cul¬
tivated. 3 ...... mas L. 1024.

OBS. C. stolonifera Miclix. (alba auct.) is also cultivated in shrubberies,
having Is gray underneath and white fruit.

53. Loranthacese.

268. Viscum. Mistletoe. XXII, 2.

1. PI. of a yellowish green, with dichotomous ramification.
FIs gen. in clusters of 3—5. — b. laxinn Boiss. Rent. Ls
narrower, berries ovoid, yellow. See N. Beitr. II, 7.
— Parasitic on various trees (rarely on conifers or
oaksj. 3, 4 . album L. 1025.

54. Caprifoliaceae.

269. Atloxa. Moscatel. VIII, 18. X, 11.

1. A small, delicate pi. Stem with 2 Is in the upper part,
and a terminal head composed of 4 — 5 (3—7) fls. Ls
2-ternatisect. — Along hedges; distrib., especially in west¬
ern Switz. 3 .... moschatellina L. 1026.

270. Sainbucus. Elder. V, 136.

1. Stem herbaceous (green), stipules leaf-like, oval-oblong

Anthers red, finally black. Ebulum humile Garck. —
Wood-edges, slopes; distrib. 6 . . Ebulus L. 1027.

— Stem woody; shrubs or trees. Stipules 0, or wart-like.

Anthers yellow ....... 2

2. bis white or yellowish white, in flat cymes (which have

5 primary branches, not 3 as in the last). Fr. dark-
violet. — Woods; distrib.; also cultivated in shrubberies
with finely-cut, variegated ls. 6 . nigra L. 1028.

— Fls greenish yellow, in ovoid panicles. Fr. red. Moun¬
tain woods; distrib. 4, 5 . . racemosa L. 1029.

271. Viburnum. Viburnum. V, 136.

1. Ls undiv., oval, toothed, fiaky-tomentose underneath.
Fls all alike. Fr. compressed, passing from red to black
at maturity. — Woods, thickets; distrib. 5

Lantana L. 1030.

— Ls 3— 5-lobed, green on both sides. Fls of the circum¬
ference larger, barren (having neither styles nor stas).
Fr. globular, red. — Woods, damp thickety places ; distrib.
A. variety (v. roseum L.) with globular inflorescences

Caprifoliacere. Stellatae.

197

composed exclusively of barren fls is frequently cul¬
tivated in gardens. 5 Op ulus L. 1031.

272. Lonicera. Honeysuckle. Y, 14.

1. Stem flexible. Fls in sessile cymes in the 1. -axils, or in

a terminal bead. Woodbine ..... 2

— Stem not flexible. Cymes (2-fld through suppression of

the central fl.) peduncled in the l. -axils . . 4-

2. Ls all separate- Cymes united in a terminal head, ped¬

uncled. — Woods and thickets; not everywhere (wanting
in G. T. S.). 6 Periclymenum L. 1032.

— The upper pairs of ls united at the base . . 3

3. Terminal head sessile. — Hedges, thickets; sometimes sub-

spontaneous. 6 Caprifolitim L. 1033.

— Terminal head peduncled. — As the last; W. (Saillon). (i

etrusca Santi. 1034.

4 (1). Ovaries (and later the berries) entirely or almost
entirely united ....... />

— Ovaries only united at the base .... tt

5. Common peduncles much shorter than the fls. Berries of

a bluish black. Ls obtuse or subacute. -Mountain woods
(wanting in L. Z. S ). 6 . . . coerulea L. 1035.

— Common peduncles 3 or 4 times as long as the fls.
Berries red. Ls acuminate (large). — As the last; distrib 5

alpigena L. 1036.

6. Common peduncles as long or slightly longer than the
fls. Berries red. Ls soft-pubescent. — Hedges; everywhere 5

Xylosteum L. 1037.

— Common peduncles 3 — 4 times as long as the fls. Berries

black. Adult ls almost glabr. — Mountain woods (wanting
in S.). 5 . nigra L. 1038.

273. Linnaea. Linnaea. XIV, 27.

1. Stem filiform, creeping, with erect fl. -branches. Fls in
small cymes of 2 (rarely 4) fls, of a rosy white colour.
Ls orbicular or oval.— Woods of the Alp. ; G. T. W. 0. U. 7

borealis L. 1039.

55. Stellatae.

274. Sherardia. Slierardia. IV, 4.

1. Ls in whorls of 4 — 6. Fls of a violet-rose colour. Stem
branched, spreading. — Fields; distrib. 5 arvensis L. 1040.

275. Asperula. Asperule. IY, 4. Ill, 2.

1. Fls blue, exceeded by the long-ciliate invol.-ls. Ann.
pi. — Fields; not common (wanting in B. U. A.). 6

arvensis L. 1041.

198

Stellatae.

— FIs white or rose-coloured. Perenn. pi. . . 2

2. Fr. rough with hooked prickles Lower is in whorls of

6, the upper of 8. FIs white. Woodruff. — Shady woods;
distrib. 5 ..... odorata L. 1042.

— Fr. glabr. ........ 3

3. Ls oval-oblong, ciliate, in whorls of 4 — Woods and
thickets. Central Switz. from the Rhine-valley of Canton
St. Gall and Chur to the lake of Thun; Tess. 5

taurina L. 1043.

— Ls linear ........ ^

4. Ls gen. in whorls of 8, stiff, glaucous. Cor. almost cam-
pauulate (tube very short). A. galioides Bieb. — Stony,
thickety hills, rather rare; Chur, lower Rhone-valley
as far as Sierre! Geneva, Burgdorf, Istein, Schaffh. 6

glauca Bess. 1044.

— Ls in whorls of 4—6. Cor. infundibuliform . . a

5. Rt.-stock creeping, red, gen. bearing isolated, almost
erect stems. Cor. white, 3-fid. Fr. smooth. — Calc, hills,
rare; Orbe, Brazel, Canton Neuchatel, Weiacherberg,
Canton Zurich and Canton Schaffh. 6 tinctoria L. 1045.

— Rt.-stock descending, bearing several or many stems.

Cor. rose (rarely almost white), 4-fid. Fr. wrinkled,
papillose. Type of A. eynanchica . ... G

6. Cor. -tube as long or hardly longer than the limb. Stems

15 — 25 cm, numerous, spreading-ascending. — b. arenicola
Rent. PI. taller, cor. -tube rather longer. — Dry places,
slopes; distrib. 6 eynanchica L. 1046.

— Cor. -tube 2 — 3 times as long as the limb. Stems 30 — 60cm,

more erect ........ 7

7. Cor.-tube hardly twice as long as the limb. — As the last;

Tess. 7 . fiaccidaTen. 1047.

Cor.-tube almost 3 times as long as the limb. Ls shorter
than in the last.— As the last; W. 7 montana Willd. 1048.

276. R tibia. Madder. IV, 3. V, 14.

1. Ls in whorls of 4 — 6, lanceolate, furnished at the edges
and underneath on the middle nerve, as also on the
stem with reflexed prickles. FIs yellowish. — W. (Vine
countries, from Martigny to Stalden: Jaccard) and some¬
times subspontaneous in consequence of former cul¬
tivation. 6 . tinctorum L. 1049.

277. Galium. Bedstraw. IY, 3.

1. FIs yellow or pale yellow . . . . . 2

— FIs red or rose-coloured. (Fr. glabr.) ... 6*

— FIs white or dirty white, sometimes rather reddish on the
outside ......... S

Stellatas.

199

2. Ls oblong or elliptic, in whorls of 4. FI. -cymes only

axillary. Fr. -peduncles bent back . ... 3

— Ls linear or linear-lanceolate, in whorls of 6 — 12. Cymes

terminal and axillary. Fr. -peduncles straight . 3

3. Stem furnished at the angles with small prickles directed
downwards. — Sandy places; T. W. J.! 4, 5

pedemontanum All. 1050.

— Stem with no small prickles, glabr. or hairy . 4

4. Peduncles with bracts. Stem rough.— Hedges, wood-sides!

distrib. 4 . Cruciata Scop. 1051.

— Peduncles without bracts. Stem glabr. or with a short
pubescence. — Shady, stony places of Italian Switz. 4

vernum Scop. 1052.

5 (2). FIs of a golden yellow. Ls in whorls of 8 — 12, nar¬
row, linear, rolled at the edges, with a short pubescence
and gray underneath. Stem cylindric, with 4 line ridges.
Panicle rather dense. — b. prcPcox Lang. (G. Wirtgeni
F. Schultz, G. eminens G. G.) Articulations of the stem
(which is more erect) longer than the H. -branches, which
are far apart. — Dry meadows, slopes; distrib. 7. b. Tess ,
• Yaud, Wall., Bale, the end of May verum L. 1053.

— FI. of a light or whitish yellow. Ls gen. broader than

in the last, less rolled, or Hat. Stem quadrangular.
Panicle looser. Hybrids of G. verum with G. Mollugo
and rigidum!*) . . . ochroleucum Wolf. 1054

G (1). FIs of a blood-red, very small. Stem almost erect,
much branched. — Hills ; T. 7 . purpureum L. 1055.

— FIs of a lighter red or growing paler at last. Stem

decumbent ....... 7

7. Cor. -lobes terminated by a long hair-like point. Fr. dis¬
tinctly granular. — Stony places, hills ; G. T. U. (Schblle-
nen). W. (Zwisehenbergen). Batlis on the lake of Wallen-
stadt. 7 . rubrum L. 1056.

— Cor. -lobes simply acute. Fr. smooth, or finely granular.
Comp. G. sylvestre 17.

8 (1). Ls in whorls of 4, 3-nerved i. e. with a longitudinal,
fainter nerve on each side on the central one . O

— Ls in whorls of 6 — 12 (only in 1068 of 4), 1-nerved 10

— Ls in whorls of 6, 1-nerved, distinctly net-veined, ob¬
long-lanceolate. Cymes axillary, 3 — several-ild. Fr. small,
covered with fine hooked prickles. PI. smelling of cou-
mariu. — Woods ; only near Tarasp ! 6 triflorum lYlichx. 1056a.

9. Ls broad oval, short-mucronate. Stem rather weak, as¬
cending. Fr. rough. — Mountain woods; distrib. 5

rotundifolium L. 1057.

*) Also: G. approximation, decolorans and ambiguum Gr. Godr.
See Rapin Guide bot.

200

Stellatse.

— Ls lanceolate not mucronate. Stem stiff, erect. Fr. covered
with small hooked prickles, rarely (b. hy stop i folium Hoffm.
in Graub.) glabr. — Damp fields (wanting in T. U. L.) 6

boreale L. 1058.

10. Stem glabr. or hairy but with no small, reflexed prickles.

Fr. not rough with hooked hairs . ♦ . 11

— Stem almost always covered with small, reflexed prickles

( sometimes almost glabr. in No. 1068), brittle, clinging
to the hands, clothes &c. .... IS

11. Pedicels hair-like drooping before the time of flowering.

Stem cylindric, with 4 fine ridges. Ls oblong-lanceolate,
with their greatest width above the middle, gray-green
underneath. — Woods; distrib. 6 . sylvaticum L, 1059.

— Pedicels always erect. Stem quadrangular . . 12

12. Cor. -lobes terminated by a hair-like point. Stem up¬

right or ascending, sometimes also weak, decumbent or
climbing ........ 1,3

— Cor. -lobes simply acute. Stem prostrate or ascending If}

13. Fr. distinctly granular. Comp. G. rubrum 7.

— Fr. smooth or slightly wrinkled .... 14

14. Ls insensibly narrowed towards the top, glaucous under¬
neath. Branches of the panicle hair-like. Resembling 1059,
but the ls are insensibly narrowed from the middle to
the top. G. aristatum L. — Less., Pfaffers. 7

loevigatum L. 1060.

— Ls obtuse, mucronate, almost of the same colour on

both sides. Type of G. Mollugo .... 75

15. Ls oblong, or oblong-obovate, broader towards the top,
obtuse, short-mucronate, thin, gen. dull, with central
nerve not very prominent, (when dry and held to the
light) with anastomosed lateral nerves. Stem
of 100—150 cm, gen. weak, ascending or supporting
itself on bushes. Branches of the panicle horizontal,
divided into spreading pedicels. — b. wsubricum Gaud.
Panicle less densely fid, with still finer branches and
pure white fls. Hedges and thickets, but, apparently
not everywhere; b. Tess. 7, later than the following!

elatum Thuill. 1061.

— Ls oblong-lanceolate or linear-oblong, not much broader
towards the top, short-mucronate, of a firmer con¬
sistency than in the last, and more often shining, with
central nerve rather more prominent, but without anas¬
tomosed lateral nerves. Stems 30—60 cm, numerous,
often bushy, ascending. Branches of the panicle hori¬
zontal or (v. erectum) spreading-erect, and then the
stems more solitary and more erect. G. dumetorum
Rap. — Pasturages, road-sides; everywhere. 5, 6

Mollugo L. 1062.

Stellat®.

201

— As G. Mollugo erectum, but the Is thicker and narrower,

linear or linear-subulate, often longer-mucronate and
with a broader nerve on the back. Stems more solitary,
erect, lower. Branches of the panicle gen. more spreading.
G. erectum auct. p., G. lucidum auct. not All.*) G.
cinereum Gaud. — As the last; G. T. W., Lake of Wallen-
stadt, Sargans. 5, 6 . . . rigidum Vill. 1063.

16 (12). Fr. entirely covered with tubercles visible to the
naked eye. PI. with barren, tufted stems. Ls in whorls,
gen. of 6, broader than in 1066. — Chur, Briigg; other
localities appear doubtful! 7. . saxatile L. 1064.

Fr. smooth or finely granular. Ls gen. in whorls of 8 17

17- Ls bordered with small prickles which are directed
•forwards, otherwise glabr., rather fleshy, with scarcely
any middle nerve; very short-mucronate. Fr. -pedicels
arched-reflexed. PL with numerous stems, spreading on
the ground and forming a tuft, becoming yellow when
dried. — Debris of the Alp., descending sometimes with
torrents. 7 . . . helveticum Weig. 1065.

— Ls glabr. or pubescent, the middle nerve more or less

prominent underneath; distinctly mucronate Fr. -pe¬
dicels straight. — Var. : glabr., or (var. Bocconei Dec.)
short-pubescent in the lower portion; with fls white
or (var. rubellum) reddish. With this are connected
G. montanum Vill., G. commutatum Jord. &c. — b.
anisophyllwn Vill. (alpestre R. and Sch.) Stem lower,
more erect; panicle almost corymb-sbaped ; Us rather
larger; pi. easily becoming black in drying. — c. tenne
Vill. like the last var., but stem slenderer. Is narrower,
and longer-mucronate ; fls almost only half the size : pi. not
turning black when dried.**) — d. austriacum Jacq. (pu-
milum Gaud. Koch p. ***) Stem branching from the
base, with spreading branches; ls stiff, shining, linear-
subulate, not, or scarcely broader towards the top. —
Pasturages, wood-sides, slopes; distrib.; b. and c. Alp.
and Jura; d. Simplon; 6, 7 . . sylvestre Poll. 1066.

18(10). Perenn. pis growing in marshy places. Diameter
of the cor. greater than that of the adult fr. ; the
latter without hooked bristles .... 10

*) G. COrrudsefolium Vill. (lucidum All.) appears to me to differ in
the stiffer acicular ls, the broader, silvery middle nerve, and narrower, almost
unilateral panicle. Piemont! Wall.: Rchb. f. — G. cinereum All., an entirely
different species, is not found in this country.

**) G. puberulum Christ fRavellenfluh) appears to be a pubescent
G. tenue.

***) The true G. pumilum Lam. does not grow in Switzerland.

15

202

Stellatee.

— Ann. pis, growing in dry places. Diameter of the cor.

less than that of the adult fr. ; the latter often with
hooked bristles ....... 21

19. Ls mucronate, in whorls of 6 — 8. Anthers yellow. PI.

remaining green when dried. — Marshes; distrib. but not
common. 5 .... uliginosum L. 1067.

— Ls not mucronate, gen. in whorls of 4, more rarely of

5 — 6. Anthers red. PL turning black when dried. Type
of G. palustre . . . . . . .20

20. Branches of the panicle very spreading or even de-
flexed. Fr. almost smooth, small. Stem delicate, 20 to
40cm. — Damp meadows, ditches; everywhere. 5

palustre L. 1068.

— Branches of the panicle less divergent. Fr. more dis¬
tinctly wrinkled, larger (2 — 3 mm broad). Stem stronger,
30—100 cm. — As the last and with it, fairly distrib. at
least in the Swiss plains, but later

elongatum Presl. 1069.

21 (18). Ls rough at the edges in consequence of small
prickles directed forwards . . . . 22

— Ls rough at the edges in consequence of small prickles

directed backwards . . . . . . 23

22. Cymes many-fld, terminal and axillary, arranged in a
panicle. FIs all hermaphrodite. Fr -pedicels straight. Fr.
small (1 — IV2 mm broad), finely wrinkled. G. ruricolum
Jord. (panicle denser). — b . litigiosum Dec. Fr. rough with
hooked hairs. — Sandy fields; T. W. V. J. Z. A. (mostly
in western and southern Switz.). 6 parisiense L. 1070.

— Cymes 3-fld, only axillary (in the axils of the ls). FIs
polygamous, the central fl. hermaphr. and fertile, the
lateral male and barren. Fr. -pedicels arched-reflexed.
Fr. large (4 - 5 mm), covered with very prominent tu¬
bercles. — Fields; very rare and only variable. 5

* saccharatum All. 1071.

23. Cymes not longer than the 1., gen. 3-fld. Fr. -pedicels

arched-reflexed. Fr. large, tuberculous. — Fields;
not everywhere. 6 . . . . tricorne With. 1072.

— Cymes longer than the ls, gen. many-fld. Fr. -pedicels
straight. Type of G. Aparine ..... 2JI

24. Fr. large (4— 5 mm), tuberculous, covered with hooked
hairs, rarely glabr. Stem 30—150 cm, more or less swollen
at the joints and rough. FIs dirty-white, small. Cleavers.
— b. tenerum Schl. Stem delicate, few-fld ; ls thin, broader;
fr. small (D/2 — 21/2 mm); on debris (Zermatt, Gemmi,
Saleve). — Hedges, thickets, fields; everywhere. 6

‘ Aparine L. 1073.

— Fr. smaller (2 — 21,/2 mm), granular, i. e. only with very
small tubercles, glabr. or more rarely (b. Vaillantii

Valerianaceae.

208

Dec.) covered with hooked hairs. Stem 10 — 50 cm, slen¬
derer than in the last, not, or scarcely, swollen at the
nodes which are glabr. — FIs greenish, still smaller
than in the last; Is narrower. Fields and waste places,
especially among flax; distrib. but not common; b. dis-
trib. through the whole of Wall.; Jaccard. 6

spurium L. 1074.

56. Valerianaceae.

278. Cenlranthus. Centranth. I, 4.

1. Spur of the cor about as long as the ovary. Ls linear-
lanceolate or linear. — Detritus in the Jura (from
Weissenstein to Creux du Yan). 6 angustifolius Dec. 1075.

— Spur of the cor. twice as long as the ovary. Ls oval
or oval-lanceolate. Rocks and walls in the warmer parts
of Switz., naturalised ; Locarno, Sion, Rolle, Grandson. 5, 0

ruber Dec. 1076.*)

279. Valeriana. Valerian. Ill, 4. XXII, 22.

1. Ls all pinnatisect; segments with 3 — 11 pairs, toothed.

FIs (pale rose-coloured) gen. all alike, hermaphrodite.
Type of V. officinalis ...... 2

— Ls all, or at least the lower ones, undiv. FIs dissimilar,

sometimes chiefly male, sometimes chiefly female, or
dioecious ......... 3

2. Segments of the Is with 7 — 11 pairs, lanceolate or linear-

lanceolate. Stolons subterranean (Gren.).— b. angnstifolia
Tauch. Leaf-segments narrower; stem slenderer, lower.
Damp .fields, thickets; b. stony, thickety mountain
slopes. 6 . . . . . . officinalis L. 1077.**)

— Segments of ls with 3 — 5 pairs, broad, oval-oblong to
lanceolate-oblong, the terminal one much larger. Stolons
above ground. — Damp woods of central Switz.; G. B. U.
Glarus, St. Gall. 6, rather earlier, it is said, than the last

sambucifolia Mik. 1078.

3. Rt.-stock creeping, stoloniferous. Caul, ls lyrate-pinnati-

fid (rarely varied, with only undiv. ls). — Damp meadows,
ditches; distrib. 4 . . . . . dioica L. 1079.

— Rt.-stock cvlindric, oblique or vertical, bearing several

stems, without stolons ...... 4

*) With this is connected C. intermedius Rap. (?). Ls rather nar¬
rower. Spur as in 1075. Rolle.

**) V. exaltata Mikan has a rt-stock bearing several stems but no
stolons; Switz.: Nyman; in the Jura of Baden: Doll; Vintschgau: Hausm.

Valerianaceee.

4. Cymes of the fls whorled, almost arranged in a spike.

Stem 8 — 12 cm. Ls entire, glabr., the caul, linear. Fls
of a dirty yellow. — High Alp.; \V. (Saasthal, Zermatt, St.
Bernard, 7 ..... celtica L. 1080.

— Cymes of fls contracted into a head. Stem 5 — 15 cm.

Fls pale rose-coloured ...... 5

— Cymes, at least when in full bloom or when bearing

seed, arranged in a corymb. Stem 10— 45 cm . 6

5. Ls ciliate, entire or slightly toothed.— Calc. Alp.; G.

(Munsterthal and Yal Muschem). 7 . supina L. 1081.

— Ls glabr., entire. — Alp.: VV. Y. B. 0. (western Switz.). 7

saliunca All. 1082.

6. Stem 10 — 30 cm, leafless, or with 1 pair besides the

floral ls. Rt-stock covered with remnants of ls of former
years. Fls white.— Alp. G. T. U. A. (especially in eastern
Switz.). 6 ..... saxatilis L. 1083.

— Stem 25 — 45 cm, with 3 or several pairs of ls. Rt-stock
without the remains of ls of former years. Fls rose 7

7. Ls rather firm, gen. of a bright green, shining, those
of the non-floriferous stems rounded at the base, scarcely
cordate, the caul, ls gen. undiv. (very rarely trisect). —
Rocky places of mount, and subalp. 5, 6

montana L. 1084.

— Ls softer, of a rather ashy green, dull, those of the

non-floriferous stems distinctly cordate, the caul. gen.
trisect (rarely 5-sect), very rarely (v. intermedia Hopp.)
undiv. — As the last. 5 . . tripieris L. 1085.

280. Valerianeiia. Corn-salad. Ill, 4.

1. Cal. -limb indistinct on the fr. Spring pis (4 — 5). Stem

about 15 cm ........ 2

— Cal. -limb distinct on the fr., obliquely truncate, one

tooth (the back one) distinctly larger. Summer pis
(6—7). Stem 30— 40 cm ...... 3

2. Fr. round-ovoid, rather compressed, fairly flat on both
sides, wrinkled crosswise. Common corn-salad. — Fields,
road-sides, grassy places; everywhere. 4

olitoria Poll. 1086.

Fr. linear-oblong, quadrangular, with a deep furrow on
one side. — As the last, but almost exclusively in western
Switz. 4 . carinata Lois, 1087.

3. Cal. -limb as broad as the fr. ; net-nerved. Fls more
dense than in the 2 following. Y. eriocarpa auct. not
Desv. — Fields; very rare and probably only adventitious.
(Middes, St. Blaise, Aubonne, Zurich)

*incrassata Chaub. 1088.
Cal. -limb distinctly narrower than the fr. , not net-
nerved ......... 4:

Dipsacere.

205

4. Fr. ovoid-globular, swollen, the empty cells contiguous,
larger than the fertile ones, V. rimosa Bast. Y. dentata
Dec. not Poll, (anterior teeth of cal. -limb more distinct).
—Fields; distrib . Auricula Dec. 1089.

— Fr. ovoid-conic, with empty cells not contiguous, nar¬
row, filiform. Y. dentata Poll. — As the last

Morisonii Dec. 1090.

OBS. Almost all the species are varied with more or less glabr. (v. leio-

carpa) or pubescent (v. lasiocarpa) fruit.

57. Dipsaceae.

281. Dipsacus. Teasel. IV, 1G.

1. Heads almost globular, barely 3 cm. Invol. -leaflets shorter
or only as long as the scales. Ls petioled, often auricled
at the base (with 2 small segments). — FIs white or
yellowish white. Anthers blackish. Habit of a Knautia.
— Hedges, water side; distrib. but not common. 7

pilosus L. 1091. •

— Heads ovoid-oblong, 6 — 8 cm. Outer invol. -leaflets much

longer than the scales. Caul, ls sessile, broadly united
at the base ........ 2

2. Caul, ls ciliated with bristles, always pinnatifid. FIs
whitish. — Road sides, water side; rare; T. Y. (?) J. 7

laciniatus L. 1092.

— Caul, ls with, or without, prickles at the edges, not

ciliate. FIs pale lilac ...... 3

3. Scales flexible, straight, longer than the fls. Invol. -leaflets
linear-subulate. — Road-sides, shores; distrib. 7

sylvestris Huds. 1093.

— Scales very stiff, acuminate-recurved, about as long as

the fl. Invol. -leaflets lanceolate-subulate. — Rarely cul¬
tivated. 7 .... f Fullonum Mill. 1094.

282. Cephalaria. Cephalaria. IV, 18.

1. Caul, ls pinnatisect; segments 9 — 15. Fls pale yellow.
Stem 1 wi. — Alp., subalp. and southern Jura. G. W. V.
B. Wallenstadterberg (especially in western Switz.). 7

alpina Schrad. 1095.

283. Knautia. Knautia. IV, 17.

1. Ls rather firm, grayish green, dull, the upper ones gen.
pinnatifid, the lower gen. undiv., more rarely all
pinnatifid or all undiv. Peduncles without glands, rarely
(b. glandulifera ) pubescent-glandular. Fls violet-blue.
Yaried to almost or entirely glabr. (v. glabrescens; Vevey !)
— Fields, slopes ; everywhere ; b. Tess. (Lugano), Wall.! 6

arvensis Koch. 1096.

206

Dipsacese.

— Ls bright green, often rather shining, gen. all undiv. 2

2. Ls elliptic-lanceolate, thin, toothed, narrowed to a long

point, narrow, entire, rarely incised or pinnatifid at the
base. Peduncles pubescent-glandular (always?). FIs more
reddish than in the last, and those of the edge less rayed.
— b. pubescens (Maly?) see N. Beitr. Ill, 10. IV. 10. —
Woods; distrib. 6, 7 . . . sylvatica Duby. 1097.

— Ls long-lanceolate, rather firm, entire or with distant

teeth, glabr. as also the lower portion of the stem.
Peduncles without glands. FIs lilac. K. Godeti Reut. —
Damp fields in central Jura. 6 . long ifoi ia Koch. 1098.

284. Succisa. Succisa. IY, 18.

1. Ls oblong-lanceolate, entire, rarely toothed. FIs blue.
Fr. -heads almost globular. Scabiosa Succisa L. — Damp
meadows, moist places in wood-clearings; distrib. 7

pratensis Nlonch. 1099.

285. Scabiosa. Scabious. IY, 18.

1. Ls all linear, entire, silky. — Stony places; T 7

graminifolia L. 1100.

— Ls, at least the upper ones, pinnatipartite, never linear 2

2. Ls of the shoots which do not bear fls entire (rarely
with a few isolated teeth). Cal. -awns about 1 1/2 — 2 times
as long as the limb of the outer cal., yellowish. — Pas¬
turages; Bale (St. Louis, Hiiningen) suaveolens Desf. 1101.

— Ls of the non-flowering shoots undiv. and crenate, or

lyrate. Type of S. Columbaria . ... 3

3. Cal. -awns short (brown), at most IV2 — 2 times as long

as the limb of the outer cal. Ls more finely div. than
in 1103. S. gramuntia auct — Dry hills and grassy places ;
Engadine, Wall, and Tess. 6 . agrestis W. K. 1102.

— Cal. -awns 3-4 times as long as the limb of the outer

cal. (Fr.-head resembling a globular brush !) . 4

4. Ls finely pubescent, not shining, the lower ones ineiso-

lyrate, the upper pinnatipartite, with pinnatifid divisions,
and almost linear lobes. — b. pachyphylla Gaud, (patens
Jord.) Ls more finely div.; heads smaller, on longer,
more spreading peduncles. Cal. -awns brownish (instead
of blackish), rather shorter (transitional form to 1102). —
Dry hills, grassy places; distrib.; b. shores of the Lake of
Geneva. 6 . Columbaria L. 1103.

— Ls fairly glabr., rather shining, less div. than in the
last, with broader lobes. Stem lower, often with 1 head;
cal. -awns rather broader. — Alp., subalp. and Jura. 7

lucida Vill. 1104.

Compositffi.

207

58. Compositae.

286. Eupatorium. Eupatory. XIX, 43.

1. Ls opp. , 3— 5-pavtite. FIs flesh-red.— Damp thickets,
water side; distrib. 6 cannabinum L. 1105.

287. Adenostyles. Adenostyles. XIX, 42.

1. FIs 10 — 20 in each head, heads in a compact corymb. Ls
white-tomentose on both sides or (A. hybrida Dec.) al¬
most glabr. above. — High Alp. G. W. 0. 7

leucophylla Rchb. 1106.

— FIs 3 — 6 in each head. Ls glabr. or nearly so above 2

2. Ls irreg. toothed, more or less gray-tomentose under¬
neath. Petioles gen. auricled. — Stony, bushy places in
mount, and subalp. (wanting in S.) 7 "albifrons Rchb. 1107.

— Ls rather tougher than in the last, fairly reg. toothed,

glabr. underneath or hairy only on the nerves. Petioles
rarely auricled. — As the last. 7 • alpina Bl. Fing. 1108.

OBS. A. leucophylla forms hybrids with A. albifrons (A. hybrida Dec.
p.?) and A. alpina (A. eginensis Lagg.).

288. Homogyne. Homogyne. XIX, 41.

1. Rad. Is cordate-reniform, appearing with the fls. Stem
1-headed. Fls reddish.— Alp., subalp. and Jura, also
lower. 6 . . . . . . alpina Cass. 1109.

289. Tussilago. Colt’s-foot. XIX, 70.

1. Rad. Is cordate-orbicular, appearing after the fls. Stem

1- headed. Fls yellow. -Road-sides, especially on clayey

soil; everywhere. 3 Farfara L. 1110.

290. Petasites. Butter-bur. XIX, 41.

1. Ls almost cordate-triangular, tomentose and snow-white
underneath. — Alp. and subalp.; Reculet. 4, 5

rnveus Baumg. 1111.
Ls cordate-orbicular, slightly tomentose or gray-woolly
underneath ........ 2

2. Ls incised at the base as far as the 2 branches of the
lateral nerves. Style of the hermaphrodite fl. slightly

2- fid at the top, with very short, ovoid stigs. Fl. rose-
white.— Damp fields, brooks; distrib. 4

oificinalis Monch. 1112.*)

— Lateral nerve-branches bordered, towards the incision
of the base, with leaf-substance. Style of the herma-

*) With this are connected P. riparius Jord. (fls scentless), P.
pratensis Jord. (fls scented) and P. Reuterianus Jord. (fls appearing with
the ls).

208

Composite.

phrodite fl. deeply 2-fid at the top, with long, linear-
lanceolate stigs. Fl. yellowish white. — Damp mountain
woods; distrib. but not common. 4 albus Gartn. 1113.

OBS. Pis almost dioecious, sometimes more fern., sometimes more her-

maphr. Former botanists considered these 2 forms as distinct species. — Hybrids:

P. albus-niveus and P. niveus-officinalis.

291. Linosyris. Linosyris. XIX, 46.

1. Stem with many Is. Ls linear. FIs yellow. Chrysocoma
Linosyris L. — Hills exposed to the sun; scattered (want¬
ing in U. L.). 8 vulgaris Cass. 1114.

292. Aster. Aster. XIX, 77.

1. Stem 1-headed. Heads large (35—50 mm in diam.). — b.

Wolfii Favrat! Stem taller (20 — 25 cm); invol. -leaflets
more acute; ray-fls blue (instead of violet).*) — Alp.
Jura: b. Sion .... . alpinus L. 1115.

— Stem bearing several, or many, smaller heads . 2

2. Invol. -leaflets entirely herbaceous. Stem 30 — 40 cm, with a

short rough pubescence, as also the Is. — Hills exposed
to the sun (wanting in U.). 6, 7 . Amellus L. 1116.

— Invol. -leaflets herbaceous at the top, but bordered on

both sides by a scarious edge, broader towards the
base. Stem 90 — 150 cm. Ornamental pis, chiefly from
N. America, but n a t u r a 1 i s e d here and there, especially
on river-banks ........ 3

3. Invol. -leaflets very lax, the outer ones spreading almost
from the base. Caul, ls distinctly clasping at the base 4

— Invol. -leaflets appressed-imbricate, only spreading slightly

at their extremity. Caul, ls narrowed towards the base,
not clasping ........ o

4. Stem terminated by a pyramidal-oblong raceme. Heads
of medium size (about 30 mm in diam.), gen. solitary
at the top of the branches. Ray fls blue. 9

t brumalis Nees. 1117.

— Stem terminated by a corymb-shaped raceme. Heads

gen. arranged in a raceme or corymb on the branches.
Ray fls reddish-violet. 9 . . t novi Belgii L. 1118.

5. Invol. -leaflets about equal in length, the outer about

as long as the inner. Heads fairly large. A. salignus
Willd. 8 . 4* salicifolius Scholi. 1119.

— Invol. -leaflets unequal in length, the outer only half as

long as the inner, or still shorter. Heads the smallest
of the genus. 8 . . . f parviflorus Nees. 1120.

*) Another form is : A. Garibaldii Brligg. Size, habit and form of
ls of 1115, but stem branched, bearing 2—7 heads which are much smaller.
Above Bormio.

Compositae.

209

293. Bellidiastrum. Alpine Daisy. XIX, 69.

1. Habit of 1122, but pi. gen. larger, and easily distin¬
guished by the acute invol.-leaiiets, and the achenes
crowned with white pappus. — Mountain woods, gorges;
distrib. 6 . . . . . . Michelii Cass. 1121.

294. Beilis. Daisy. XIX, G5.

1. Ls all rad., spathulate, crenate. Stem 1-headed. Ray fls
white, often red underneath. — b. meridionaiis Favrat.
More delicate, with small heads (Tessin). — c. afpina
Heer, alpine form with large heads. — Fields, grassy places;
everywhere. 3 — 10 .... perennis L. 1122.

295. Stenactis. Stenactis. XIX, 68.

1. Stem leafy. Heads in corymb. Ray fls white. — Embank¬
ments, water side, wood-clearings, originally from N. Ame¬
rica, but fairly distrib., and often in large quantities. 7

annua Nees. 1123.

296. Erigeron. Flea-bane. XIX, 51, 77.

1. Heads very small (3 — 5 mm), very numerous and form¬
ing a long panicle. Ray fls dirty-white. — Gravelly places,
water side; a native of N. America; everywhere. 7

canadensis L. 1124.

— Heads larger, solitary or in a raceme, more rarely almost
in a panicle. Ray fls violet or lilac, rarely white 2

2. Ray fls erect, as long as, or scarcely longer than, those

of the disk ........ 3

— Ray fls spreading, longer than those of the disk (alpine

pis) .......... 4

3. Ls slightly undulated, more or less hairy, as also the
stem. E. serotinus Weihe (pappus reddish brown instead
of white). — Slopes, way-sides; everywhere. 6—8

acris L. 1125.

— Ls flat, narrower, glabr. or only ciliate at the edges.

Stem slenderer, fairly glabr. E. droebachensis auct.,
elongatus Ledeb.? — On gravel beds of alpine torrents,
descending to the plain ( e . g. as far as Aarau and
Bale). 6 . angulosus Gaud. 1126.

4. Invol very villous-woolly. Rad. ls obtuse (not mucro-

nate). Stem always 1-fld, 5 — 10 cm.— High Alp. (on calc,
with slightly darker fls). 7 . . unillorus L. 1127.

— Invol. short-pubescent or glabr . ... 5

5. Stem more or less g 1 a n d u 1 a r -viscous in the upper
part ......... d

— Stem glabr. or hairy, but without glandiferous hairs

(10 — 15 cm, 1-lieaded or with 2 — 3 heads) . . 7

210

Composite.

6. Stem 25—40 cm, with branches bearing 1 — 3 heads. PI.
more robust than E. acris, with abundant glands and
large heads. — Alp ., not common. 7 Villarsii Bell. 1128.

Stem 10 — 18 cm, divided into several long, 1-headed
branches. PI less robust than the last, with rarer glands,
ray shorter, pale or almost white. E. rupestris Schl.
not Bl. Fing. — Rocks of Wall., on granite (Simplon,
Saas, Zermatt, Bagnethal, Fully). 7 Schleicheri Grml. 1129.

7. Stem and Is more or less hairy. Inner, tubular-filiform,
fern, fls numerous. — ? b. intermedins Schl. (acris-alpinus
Rchb.?) PI. more robust, covered with numerous stiff,
spreading hairs. — Alp. and Jura; b. Ormonds. 7

alpinus L. 1130.

— Stem almost glabr. Ls only ciliate. Inner, tubular-fili¬
form, fern, fls 0 or few. — As the last. 7

glabratus Hopp, and Horn. 1131.

OBS. Hybrids: E. acris-alpinus intermedins Christ! ; E. acris-VUlarsii

(Favrati Grml.); E. alpinus- glabratus and E alpinus-uniflorus (according to

Briigg.).

297. Solidago. Golden-rod. XIX, 75.

1. Heads in upright racemes, not unilateral, which collec¬
tively form a panicle, or (in alpine forms) an almost
simple raceme. S. valesiaca Bor. (forma umbrosa). —
b. alpestris W. K. PI. lower; ls narrower; heads less
numerous, larger. — Woods; distrib. ; b. Alp. and Jura.
6; b. almost a month earlier (as also the alpine forms of
Hieracium umbellatum, Serratula tinctoria &c. !)

Virgaurea L. 1132.

— Heads distinctly smaller, but much more numerous than
in the last, in unilateral racemes, very spreading, re¬
curved at the top, collectively forming a panicle. — Im¬
portant N. American species, late, and easily naturalised
in thickets by the water-side. S', canadensis L. S. Sero-
tina Ait., S. lanceolate L. and others.

298. IVlicropus. Micropus. XIX, 54.

1. Habit of a Filago ! — Sandy fields; W. Y. 6

erectus L- 1133.

299. Inula. Inule. XIX, 76.

1. Inner invol. -leaflets enlarged at the top, obtuse. Stem
100 — 150 cm. Fls and ls large, the latter velvety-tomen-
tose underneath, the caul, oval-cordate. — Cultivated, es¬
pecially in mountain villages and sometimes subspon-
taneous (Miinsterthal in the Jura). 6 Helenium L. 1134.

— Inner invol.-leaflets linear or linear-lanceolate, acuminate 2

Compo8itse.

211

2. Achenes villous. Ls soft, villous-woolly, the caul, cor¬
date-clasping. — Marshy fields; ditches; Rhone valley,
Lakes of Geneva, Neuchatel and Constance. 7

britannica L. 1135.

— Achenes glabr. ....... 3

3. Ls gray-tomentose underneath, the caul, narrowed to

the base. — Damp thickets, water side; western Switz. as
far as Aarau, Giswyl. 8 . . . Vaillantii Vill. 1136.

— Ls glabr or covered with spreading hairs . . 4-

4. Ls (and stem) villous or rough on both sides with spread¬

ing hairs thickened at the base. Stem bearing 1 —3 heads.
Invol. -leaflets erect. Rocky, wooded places; T. Z. (Wei-
acherberg). S. (Wirbelberg). 6 . . hirta L. 1137.

— Ls glabr. or rough-ciliate at the edges. Outer invol. -

leaflets curved outwards ..... 5

5. Upper ls cordate - clasping. Stem gen. few-headed.—
Damp meadows, hills, dry pasturages; distrih. 6

salicina L. 1138.

— Upper ls rounded at the base. Stem gen. many-headed,

very leafy. I. squarrosa L. Koch. — Thickety hills; T.
(Gandriaj. 7 . . . . . spiraeifolia L. 1139.

OBS. Hybrids: I. hirta-salicina (spuria Kern.); I. salicina-Vailhintii

(semiamplexicaulis Reut.).

300. Conyza. Conyza. XIX, 51.

1. Ls elliptic-lanceolate, slightly tomentose underneath.
Heads in a corymb. Invol. -leaflets brownish, reflexed at
the top. Inula conyza Dec. — Stony, thickety places, walls;
distrib. 6 . squarrosa L. 1140.

301. Pulicaria. Pulicaria. XIX, 76.

1. Heads of medium size. Ray fls spreading, distinctly longer
than the invol. Caul, ls deeply cordate at the base. —
Ditches; everywhere. 7, 8 . dysenterica G&rtn. 1141.

— Heads small. Ray fls erect, scarcely longer than the
invol. Caul, ls with rounded base or scarcely half-clasp¬
ing. — As the last; western Switz., rather rare. 7

vulgaris Gartn. 1142.

302. Buphthalmum. Buphthalmum. XIX, 61.

1. Ls oblong-lanceolate, the upper linear-lanceolate. Re¬
ceptacle covered with scarious scales (which distinguishes
this genus from Inula!) — b. grandiflorvm L. Ls longer
and narrower. Scales of recept. not truncate; probably
a species. — Stony mountain slopes; pasturages; distrib.
but not common; b. Tess., -especially trans Cenere. 7

salicifolium L, 1143.

212

Composite.

303. Rudbeckia. Rudbeckia. XIX, 58.

1. Stem 100 — 180 cm. Heads large. Ray-fls 45— 50 mm long,
bright yellow; disk fls greenish brown. — Naturalised
in river side thickets, e. g. near Chexbres, near Stein;
a N. American pi. 7. *!aciniata L. 1144.

304. Helianthus. Sunflower. XIX, 60.

Ls all cordate-oval. Heads very large (as much as 80 cm
diam.), drooping.— Cultivated ; a native of N.America. 7, 8

f annuus L, 1145.

Upper ls oval-oblong. Heads smaller, erect. Jerusalem
Artichoke. — Cultivated. 9, 10. . f tuberosus L. 1146.

305. Bidens, Bidens. XIX, 30, 58.

1. Ls dark green, narrowed into a short winged petiole,
gen. 3 — 5-partite (rarely, in small pis, undiv.). Heads
erect, gen. without rays (rarely with rays). — Damp places,
ditches, rubbish-heaps; distrib. 7, 8 tripartita L. 1147.

— Ls light green, sessile, slightly united at the base, un¬

div., toothed. Heads gen. nodding and rayed. — As the
last, but less common. 7,8 . . cernua L. 1148.

306. Carpesium. Carpesium. XIX, 53.

1. Resembling Bidens cernua var. discoidea, but ls altern. —
Damp places, road-sides, wooded mountain slopes ; lower
Rhone valley; Lakes of Geneva, Thun, Constance and the
four Cantons. 7 cernuum L. 1149.

307. Fiiago. Filago. XIX, 48.

1. Invol. -leaflets cuspidate, not spreading at maturity. Heads

in clusters of 10 -30. Type of F. germanica L. . 2

— Invol. -leaflets rather obtuse, spreading in the form of

a star at maturity. Heads in clusters of 3—7 . 4

2. Branches spreading. Ls narrowed to the base. Clusters
composed of 10 — 15 heads, exceeded by the floral ls,
F. germanica pyramidata Gaud. — Fields, slopes ; Y. Bale. 7

spathulata Presl. 1150.

— Branches erect. Ls not narrowed to the base. Clusters

composed of 15—30 heads ..... 3

3. PI covered with a yellowish green tomentum. Invol. -

.leaflets reddish at the top. F. lutescens Jord. — As the
last; localities still uncertain! W. Y. Bale, Diessen-
hofen. 7 . apiculata Sm. 1151.

— PI. covered with a whitish gray tomentum. Invol. -leaflets

yellowish at the top. —As the last and sometimes with
it. 7 . canescens Jord. 1152.

Compositse.

213

4 (1). Ls linear-subulate, the floral Is much exceeding the
clusters. — As the last; T. W. (?) Y. J. Z. G

gallica L. 1153.

— Ls linear or linear-lanceolate, the floral ls as long as,

or shorter than, the clusters ..... 5

5. Stem branched, with numerous branches forming a
panicle, 20— 30 cun. Clusters terminal and lateral. — As
the last, not everywhere (wanting in 0. U. L. A.). 6

arvensis L. 1154.

— Stem dichotomous, slenderer than in the last. 10 — 20 cm.
Clusters terminal, lateral, or placed in the fork of the
branches. — As the last (wanting in G. 0. \V. A.). 7

minima Fr. 1155.

308. Gnaphalium. Cud-weed. XIX, 50.

1. Heads clustered. Ann. pis ..... 2

— Heads in a spike, more rarely in a raceme or solitary.

Perenn. pis . . . . . . . #

2. Invol. -leaflets pale yellow. Ls narrowed to the base.

— Uncultivated places; almost exclusively in southern
and western Switz. 6 liiteoalbum L. 115G.

— Invol. -leaflets brownish. Caul, ls half-clasping. — Var.
with achenes smooth or (v. pilulare) fine-bristlv.
Damp fields, inundated ground; distrib. G

uliginosum L. 1157.

3. Outer invol. -leaflets more than half as long as the heads
(almost 2/3 the length). Tufted pis. Stem thin, almost
filiform, 2 — 10 cm. Heads in a short spike or (v. fuscum
Scop.) almost in a raceme or (v. subacaule) solitary at the
top of the stem. — High Alp. and Reculet in the Jura. 7

supinum L. 1158.

— Outer invol. -leaflets only 4/3 the length of the head 4-

4. Ls all of the same length, or decreasing little by little
towards the top, gen. 1-nerved, finally glabr. above.
Heads gen. numerous, in a long, gen. branching, spike;
not to be confused with the following, an impoverished
form (var. Einseleana F. Schultz) of the high Alps. Stem
20— 50 cm. — Wood-clearings ; distrib. 6 sylvaticum L. 1159.

— Middle caul. Is as long as, or longer than, the lower ones 5

5. Ls 3-nerved, slightly tomentose above. Stem 12 — 25 cm.
Heads darker than in the last, fewer, in a shorter, dense,
almost simple spike. — Alp., Chasseron in the Jura? 7

norvegicum Gunn 1160.

— Ls indistinctly 3-nerved, very tomentose on both sides.
Stem 2 — 10 cm, bearing 1—5 heads. High alpine form
of the last? 7, 8 (later than 1158 which resembles it:
Neilreich) .... Hoppeanum Koch. 1161.

214

Composite.

309. Leontopodium. Edelweiss. XIX, 50.

1. Heads clustered almost in an umbel at the top of the
stem, surrounded and exceeded by the white-woolly,
star-shaped bracts. — Alp., Dole. 7 . alpinum Cass. 1162.

310. Antennaria. Cat’s-foot. XIX, 46, 49.

1. Heads white or rose-coloured. PI. with long stolons. —
Hills, pasturages, mount.; distrib. 5 dioica Gartn. 1163.

— Heads brownish. Stolons 0. — High Alp. 7

carpathica Bl. and Fing. 1164.

OBS. A. margaritacea R. Br. originally from N. America, is found sub-
spontaneous sometimes in church-yards and near old castles.

311. Artemisia. Wormwood. XIX, 55.

1. Ls entire, linear-lanceolate, glabr. Tarragon. Cultivated. 7,8

t Dracunculus L. 1165.

— Ls div., at least the lower ones . ... 2

2. Receptacle hairy ....... 3

— Receptacle glabr. ....... ,5

3. Stem 50 — 100 cm, branchy. Heads nodding, panicled 3 *

— Stem 10 — 15 cm, simple. Heads erect, in a raceme or

spike. High alpine pis ...... 1

3.* Ls auricled at the base of the petiole, div. into linear
lobes. Branches of the panicle almost erect. Mt. Vuaclie,
not far from Geneva! (Como, Alsace.) 7

*camphorata Vill. 1166.

— Ls not auricled, div. into lanceolate lobes. Branches of
the panicle spreading.— Stony, uncultivated places. G.

T. W. V., Wallensee ; sometimes cultivated. 7, 8

Absinthium L. 1167.

4. Heads about 15-fld, yellowish, in a raceme or spike.

-High Alp. 7 .... IVIutellina Vill. 1168.

— Heads 30 — 40-fld, gold-yellow, clustered almost in a

corymb at the top of the stem. — High Alp. W. (Binn,
Simplon, Zermatt, Bagnethal). 7 . glacialis L. 1169.

5 (2). Heads globular or globular-ovoid ... 6

— Heads oblong or ovoid-oblong . . . .10

6. Ls auricled at the base of the petiole (2 — 3-pinnati-

partite, with linear lobes) ..... 7

— Ls not auricled at the base of the petiole . . .9

7. Heads gray-tomentose. Stem 40 — 60 cm, branchy; form¬
ing a panicle. — Subspontaneous near old castles. (Mont
le Grand, Ramstein, Hohentwiel.) 8 poniica L. 1170.

— Heads gen. glabr. ....... 8

8. Stem 30— 60 cm, branching in a panicle. Heads ovoid.
— Uncultivated places; not everywhere (wanting in O.

U. L. S.). 7, 8 .... campestris L. 1171.

Compositae.

215

— Stem 10 -15 cm, gen. bearing a simple raceme, rarely

rather branchy (v. racemulosa). Heads globular, other¬
wise varying in size. — Alp.; W. (only from Zermatt to
Binn) 7 . nana Gaud. 1172.

9 (6). Stem 5 — 15 cm, terminating in a simple spiciform raceme.
Ls whitish-gray, silky. — High Alp.; not common. 7

spicata Wulf. 1173.

— Stem 60 — 100 cm, woody, terminating in a narrow panicle.
Ls gray-pubescent underneath. Cultivated. 8

f Abrotanum L. 1174.

10\5). Ls green and glabr. above, white-tomentose underneath,
simply pinnatifid, with lanceolate, rather broad, lobes.
— Uncultivated places, road-sides, water side; distrib. 7

vulgaris L. 1175.

— Ls tomentose, snow-white, 2 — 3-pinnatipartite, with nar¬
row-linear lobes. — Uncultivated places, hills. W. 9, 10

valesiaca All. 1176.

312. Tanacetum. Tansy. XIX, 55.

1. Ls 2-pinnatisect, with linear-lanceolate segments, toothed.
— Embankments, slopes; distrib. 6 . vulgare L. 1177.

— Ls undiv., oval, toothed-crenate. Balsamita major Uesf.

— Formerly much cultivated, and sometimes almost sub-
spontaneous. 7 .... j Balsamita L. 1178.

313. Achillea. Yarrow. XIX, 62.

1. Ray-ds 6—20 (gen. 10), as long as, or longer than, the

hemispheric invol. ....... 2

— Ray-fls 3 — 7 (4—5), only half as long as the gen. ovoid

invol. (Ls 2-pinnatisect) ..... &

2. Ls undiv., more or less deeply toothed (sometimes al¬
most pinnatifid) ....... .7

— Ls 1 — 2-pinnatisect ...... 1

3. Ls almost linear, serrate. — Damp places, ditches; dis¬
trib 6 ..... Ptarmica L. 1179.

— Ls linear-lanceolate, incised-pinnatifid ; with lobes longer
than the breadth of the undiv. limb, toothed and more
spreading than in the last, decurrent A. alpina auct. helv.
A. Ptarmica — macrophylla? —Alp. ; found once by Thomas
at the exit of the Bedrettothal ! 7

* commutata Heimerl. 1180.

4. Ls oblong-cuneiform in contour, pinnatifid, with oblong,

obtuse, entire, or 2 — 3-toothed, appressed-silken-haired
lobes. — Alp.; T (Mt. Generoso). 7 Clavenae L. 1181.

— Ls 1 -2-pinnatisect ...... o

5. Corymb compound. Ls oval in contour, pinnatisect,

with inciso-double-toothed segments. Stem 30— 10cm. Alp.
and subalp. 7 .... macrophylla L. 1182.

216

Compositse.

— Corymb gen. simple. Ls oblong or narrow-lanceolate in

contour. Stem 10 — 25 cm ..... 6

6. Ls narrow-lanceolate in contour , very woolly-villous.
Segments numerous, crowded.— High Alp. 7 nana L. 1183.

— Ls oblong in contour, glabr. or slightly hairy . 7

7. Ls dotted; segments entire or 1-toothed. Iva. — Granite
Alps (wanting in St. Gallen and Appenzell). 7

moschata Wulf. 1184.

— Ls not dotted; segments 2—8-fid (rarely plurifid). —

Alp., especially calc. 7 . . . . atrata L. 1185.

8 (l). Ray-fls golden yellow. Ls woolly-villous. — Uncultivated,
sunny places; W. 5, 6 . . . tomentosa L. 1186.

— Ray-fls white, yellowish or red .... ,9

9. Ray-fls V3— 1U as long as the invol. Ls oblong-oval in
contour, much broader than in A. millefolium; heads
smaller. — Hills; T. W. Neuchatel. 7 nobilis L. 1187.

— Ray-fls half as long as the invol. Type of A. mille¬
folium ......... 10

10. Ls oblong in contour, broader than in A. millefolium,

the rad. often very long; rachis winged and (especially
towards the top) toothed! A. magna Dec.; A. tanaceti-
folia auct. p. not All.; A. lanata Koch. — Yar. Avith broader
segments (v. dentifera Dec.?). — G. T. W. (Hinterrhein !
Airolo ! Simplon ! Saas). 7 . stricta Schleich. 1188.

— Ls linear, or linear-oblong in contour; rachis narrow,

neither winged nor toothed ..... 11

11. Ls rather villous, especially on the back, or glabr.;

lobes linear-lanceolate. — Road-sides, grassy places ; every¬
where. 6 . millefolium L. 1189.

— Ls woolly-villous, still narrower in contour and more

finely div. than the last; lobes numerous, crowded, al¬
most setaceous; heads distinctly smaller and denser. A.
polyphylla Schleich. — Dry slopes; \V. G. (Obervatz). 6;
earlier than the last? . . . setacea W. K. 1190.

OBS. Hybrids: A. atrata-macrophylla (Thomasiana Hall. F.) ; A.atrata-

moschata (impunctata Kern., atrata v. intermedia Gaud ?) ; A. atrata-nana (Laggeri

Schultz); A. macrophylla-moschata (Lereschii Schultz); A. macrophylla-nana

(valesiaca Sut.); A. moschata-nnna (intermedia Schleich., hybrida Koch). — A.

millefolia-tomentosa : valley of Saas according to Schneider ; A . nobilis-setacea :

Fa or at.

814. Anthemis. Wild Chamomile. XIX, 60, 62.

1. Scales of the receptacle obtuse or laciniate at the top.
Disk fls with cylindric tube. Roman chamomile. — Cul¬
tivated in gardens and sometimes almost subspontaneous. 7

t nobilis L. 1191.

— Scales of recept. acute, entire. Disk fls with a com¬
pressed tube ........ 2

Compositse.

217

2. Scales linear-setaceous, gen. only found in the upper
part of the recept. ; recept. long-conic. PI. fairly glabr.
with a disagreeable smell. Maruta foetida Cass. — Fields,
waste places; not everywhere (wanting in G.). 5, ft

Cotula L. 1192.

— Scales oblong or lanceolate, found under all the fls .7

8. Recept. at last long-conic. PI. rather spider - webby,

grayish green, with little scent. — Fields; distrib. 5

arvensis L. 1198.

— Recept. rather swollen or hemispheric ... 4

4. Ray fls golden yellow. — Waste places; road-sides;

J. Z. S. and sometimes adventitious in other places. 6, 7

tinctoria L. 1194.

— Ray fls white, longer than in the last. — T. (Mt. Gene-

roso). 7 . Triumfetti All. 1195.

315. Matricaria. Chamomile. XIX, GG.

1. Recept. solid. Heads larger than in the true chamomile,
with no scent. Chrysanthemum inodorum L. — Fields,
rubbish-heaps; not everywhere (wanting in T. U. L.). ft

inodora L. 1196.

— Recept. hollow. Heads small, with an agreeable scent. 2

2. Lobes of the Is linear-filiform , distant. Peduncles long,
slender; ray fls white, disk fls with 5 teeth. True chamo¬
mile. Surely and easily distinguished from the pis which
resemble it, Anthemis cotula, A. arvensis and Matricaria
inodora by the recept. being hoi low inside, from the 2
former, also, by the want of scales on the recept. PI. glabr.
— Fields, rubbish heaps; distrib. 5 Chamomilla L. 1197.

— Lobes of Is linear or linear-lanceolate, crowded. Ped¬
uncles short, thickened under the fls. Ray fls 0, disk
fls with 4 te e th. — N. America and eastern Asia ; natura¬
lised in several places near Constance and Kreuzlingen ! 5

*discoidea Dec. 1198.

316. Leucanthemuni. Ox-eye-daisy. XIX, GG.

1. Stem 1-headed, or div. into long 1-headed branches 2

— Heads clustered into a corymb (Ls all pinnatisect) 4

2. Most of the ls rad.; these and the lower caul, pinnati-
fid, with 5 — 7 closely crowded lobes, directed forwards;
upper Is linear, entire. — b. minimum Vill. PI. small,
rough-tomentose. — High Alp.; b. Zermatt. 7

alpinum Lam. 1199.

— Lower ls crenate, irreg incised or pinnatifid, Ihe upper

more or less toothed or incised .... ,5

3. Caul, ls irreg. toothed, the teeth of the base deeper.
Stem bearing 1— several heads. Achenes gen. all with¬
out pappus. Chrysanthemum Leucanthemuni L.— b. atra-

l

218

Composite.

turn Dec. (Chrysanthemum montanum var. c. Koch). Stem
low, 1-headed; ray-achenes with pappus. — Fields and
pasturages; everywhere; b. Alp., subalp. and Jura. 6

vulgare Dec. 1200.

— Caul. Is almost reg. toothed , acute. Stem 1-headed.

Ray-achenes with a, more or less developed, crown of
pappus? Chrysanth. mont. var. b. Koch. *) — T. (S. Gtiorgio,
Mt. Boglia). 6 . . . heterophyllum Dec. 1201.

— Ls fleshy, brittle, gen. glabr., deeply incised or pinnati-
fld. Stem 1-headed, tufted. Chrysanth. Halleri Sut. —
High Alp., not everywhere (wanting in Y. B.). 7

coronopifolium Vill. 1202.

4 (1). Segments of the ls in 4 — 5 pairs, obtuse, incised, the
upper confluent. PL with an aromatic smell (resembling
that of chamomile). — Rubbish-heaps, walls; naturalised. 6

Parthenium Gr. Godr. 1203.

— Segments of ls in 8- — 15 pairs, those of the upper ls

liuear-lanceolate, acute, inciso-dentate. PL not aro¬
matic. — Mountain woods; not everywhere (wanting in
U. L. A.). 6 . • corymbosum Gr. Godr. 1204.

OB 3. The genus Chrysanthemum (achenes of the edge differently shaped

to those of the disk) with 2 species with yellow fls : Chr. segetum L. and Chr.

coronarium (Pinardia coronaria Less.) do not belong to this flora.

317. Doronicum. Doronic. XIX, 73.

1. Rad. ls cordate-oval. Rt-stock producing underground
stolons swollen here and there into tubercles. — Moun¬
tain woods, rare; T. AY. Y. J. S. 5 Pardalianches L. 1205.

318. Aronicum. Aronic. XIX, 73.

1. Lower ls petioled, oval, truncate or slightly cordate at the
base, coarsely sinuate-dentate ;upperls oval-oblong, or oval-
lanceolate, half-clasping. Stem 20 — 40 cm, bearing 1 — 4
heads. — Detritus in the high Alp. scorpioides Koch. 1206.

— Lower ls oblong, narrowed into the petiole, sinuate-

dentate; the upper with narrowed, more rarely rounded,
base. Stem 1-headed, gen. lower. Type of A. Doronicum
Willd. ......... 2

2. Ls rather firm and fleshy. Stem hollow. — High Alp. on
primary soil; GL AY. O. U. A. 7 . glaciate Rchb. 1207.

— Ls soft. Stem not hollow. — As the last. GL T. W. O. U. 7

Clusii Koch. 1208.

319. Arnica. Arnica. XIX, 71.

1. Stem bearing 1 — 3 heads, with 1 or 2 pairs of opp. ls.
FI. orange-yellow. — Alp., subalp., also lower; rare in
the Jura. 6 . montana L, 1209.

*) The true L. montanum Dec. (Chrys. mont. var. c. Koch) is found
in the more southern parts ; it is the same as L. pallens Dec. which Nyman
reports, by mistake, as being found in Switzerland.

!■

Composite.

219

320. Senecio. Senecio. XIX, 42, 73.

1. Heads with small bracts at the base, like an outer

i n v o 1. Senecio auct. ...... 2

— Heads with no outer invol. (Is undiv., crenate-dentate

or almost entire, the caul, much reduced. Heads 3 — 15,
in a corymb. Achenes hairy). Cineraria auct. . IS

2. Ls pinnatifid or 1- or 2-pinnatipartite, rarely undiv. and

then cordate at the base . .... 3

— Ls all undiv., entire or toothed, lanceolate or oblong,

the lower ones sometimes oval .... /;>

3. FIs all tubular. Invol. -leaflets black in the upper portion.

Achenes hairy. — Cultivated ground, road-sides; every¬
where. 4—10 . vulgaris L. 1210.

— Marginal fls ligulate, ligules narrow, rolled back 4-

— Marg. fls ligulate, ligules broader, spreading (rarely

0 in 1216 and 1218) ...... .>

4. Leaflets of the outer invol. loose, half as long as the
invol. Achenes, at last, glabr. PI. glandular-viscous. —
Stony places, wood-clearings; distrib. (wanting in L.). 6

viscosus L, 1211.

Leaflets of the outer invol. appressed, about 1 6 the length
of the invol. Achenes gray-hairy. PI. not, or scarcely,
glandular. — Wood-clearings, congregated ; 6, 7

sylvaticus L. 1212.

5 (3). Ls glabr., webbed-woolly, or slightly gray-tomentoso
underneath; petiole gen. auricled. ... 6*

— - Ls (pinnatifid or inciso-crenate) white-tomentose on both
sides; petiole not auricled. (Alpine pis of 3 — 10cm in
height.) Type of S. incanus ..... 13

6. Ls undiv., slightly gray-tomentose underneath, the lower

cordate-oval. Achenes glabr. S. cordatus Koch.—
Alp. and subalp., especially near chalets; wanting in
the Jura. 6 cordifolius Clairv. 1213.

— Ls pinnatifid or 1- or 2-pinnatipartite, or lyrate and

undiv., but never cordate ..... 7

7. Leaf-rachis toothed. Ann. or bienn. pis. Invol. -leaflets

long, black at the top, S. laciniatus Bert.— Subalp. G.
(Engadine, Miinsterthal). 7 . . nebrodensis L. 1214.

— Rachis not toothed. (Perenn., rarely bienn., pis) S

8. Ls glabr., 2-pinnatisect, with narrow linear segments.
Fls orange-yellow. — High Alp. ; G. T. A. (eastern Switz.). 7

abrotanifolius L. 1215.

— Ls glabr. or hairy, lyrate-pinnatifid or simply pinnati-

sect .......... it

9. Leaflets of the outer invol. 4 — 6, about half as long as
the invol. Rt-stock creeping (up to 15 cm). Ls more or
less gray-webbed, all pinnatifid, the upper with small

220

Composite.

auricles, entire or 2-fid. Achenes all pubescent. — Road¬
sides, slopes ; more common in western than in eastern
Switz. 7, 8, later than S. Jacobsea erucifolius L. 1216.

— Leaflets of the outer invol. gen. only 1 — 2, several times
shorter than the invol. Rt-stock short, at last prsemorse 10

10. Ls slightly gray-webbed underneath, lyrate, with a very
large terminal segment. S. subalpinus Reut. ex Rap.;
S. cordifolius-Jacobma. *) — Among the parent pis, but
by preference in eastern Switz. 7 * lyratifolius Rchb. 1217.

— Ls glabr. underneath or slightly webbed-woolly. Achenes,

at least those of the circumference, glabr. Type of S.
Jacobcea ......... 11

11. Achenes of the disk very villous. Lower ls gen. withered

at flowering-time, the middle ones pinnatipartite with
lobes separating from the rachis almost at a right-angle,
with multifid auricles. — Var. like 1216 with ray-fls short
or (v. flosculosus Jord) 0. — Road-sides, hills; distrib.,
but rarer in western Switz. 6, 7 . . Jacobaea L. 1218.

— Achenes of the disk glabr. or faintly pubescent. Lower

ls gen. still green at flowering-time, the middle ones
lyrate-pinnatifid, (the lower sometimes undiv.) . 12

12. Stem terminated by a corymb, with erect-spreading

branches. Ls light green; lateral segments springing
obliquely from the rachis. Stem lower than in the last :
heads larger. S. pratensis Richt. (a larger form). —Damp
fields; not everywhere (wanting in (1. L.). 6; earlier than
the last . aquaticus Huds. 1219.

— Stem div. almost to the middle, almost in a corymb

with spreading or divergent, long, unequal,
fairly leafless branches. Ls dark green; lateral segments
springing almost at a right angle or slightly bent for¬
wards. Heads smaller than in the last. S. erraticus Bert.
— Misox: Brugg. ; Gex, not far from Geneva: Michalet.
7, later than the 2 last . . barbareifolius Krock. 1220.

18 (5). Stem 1-headed, head large, rarely 2 — 8 rather smaller
heads. Invol. -leaflets rather pointed. Achenes villous.
Ls very white-tomentose. — High Alp.; W. (Simplon, Saas,
Zermatt). 7 . uniflorus All. 1221.

— Stem with several heads smaller than in the last; achenes

glabr., rarely slightly pubescent at the top . . 14

14. Ls white-tomentose.— High Alp.; T. W. 0. U. 7

incanus L. 1222.

*) Gremblich distinguishes, in the Tyrol, a S. Reisachii (cord.- Jacob.)
achenes glabr. at the edges, and a S. lyratifolius (cord.-erucifol.), all the
achenes pubescent.

Composite.

221

— Ls gray with appressed, almost silken, tomentum, finally
almost glabr., less div. and less distinctly narrowed into
the petiole than in the last. — High Alp.; G. T. 7

carniolicus Willd. 1223.

15 (2). Ray-fls 4—8. Leallets of the outer invol. 3 — 5. Type
of S. nemovensis ....... 16

— Ray-fls 10 — 20. Leaflets of the outer invol. 10 or more 17

16. Ls shortly pubescent underneath, the middle and upper
ones narrowed suddenly into a petiole which is broadly
winged, dilated and half-clasping. Invol. campanulate-
cylindric. Achenes almost as long as the pappus. —
Woods, gorges, confused with the following and, in con¬
sequence, the localities still uncertain! 7

Jacquinianus Rchb. *) 1224.

— Ls fairly glabr., the upper ones with a short, winged
petiole, not, or scarcely, dilated at the base. Invol. short-
cylindric, slenderer than in the last. Achenes shorter
than the pappus. Stem gen. red. S. sarracenicus L. ex
Godr. and Kern, nec auct. pi. — As the last, and, as it
appears, more common but later . Fuchsii Gmel. 1225.

17. Stem 90 — 150 cm, manv-hcaded. Ls long-lanceolate. —

— Marshy fields, edges of rivers and brooks: distrib.
(wanting in G.). 7 . . . paludosus L. 1226.

— Stem 20 — 50 cm, bearing 1 3 (rarely more) heads, heads

large. Lower ls oval, upper oblong. — Rocky places of the
Alp.; Suchet and Dole in the Jura. 6 Doronicum L. 1227.

18 (1). FIs orange-yellow (very rarely yellow). Invol. -leaflets
red-brown all over, or at any rate at the top. — Alp.; T. V.
B. O. U. A. 6. .... aurantiacus Dec. 1228.

— FIs yellow. Invol. -leaflets green or spotted at the top lit

19. Rad. Is almost truncate at the base (occasionally also

slightly cordate) and narrowed into a broadly winged
petiole, only as long as, or shorter than, the petiole. —
b. temnfolius Gaud, (brachychsetus Dec.?) Ls less hairy,
the rad. more gradually narrowed to the base; heads
more dense (Lavirum). — Mountain woods and swamps;
rare; G. Y. B. J. S. 5 . . spathulaefolius Dec. 1229.

— Rad. ls narrowed rather insensibly into a narrowly
winged petiole, the majority longer than their petioles.
— Calc, mountains of central Jura, rare. 6

campestris Dec.

OBS. Hybrids: S. incanus-uniflorus (oligocephalus Nag., Laggeri Schultz

bip.) See N. Beitr. I, 45. S. dbrotanifolius-incanus, reported from Oainoghe.

*) The variety octoglossus Dec. (nemorensis Rchb. Gaud.) has ray-fls
to the number of 7—8 (instead of 4—6), it is found according to Godet at
Locle.

222

Composite.

321. Calendula. Marigold. XIX, 64.

1. Lower Is spathulate, upper oblong-lanceolate. FIs orange-
yellow. — Ornamental pis, sometimes subspontaneous. 6

t officinalis L. 1231.

— Ls all oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate. FIs yellow. —

Fields; very rare and only accidentally and in a trans¬
ient manner (Bienne, Bale). 6 . *arvensis L. 1232.

322. Echinops. Globe Thistle. XIX, 25.

1. Stem 80— 120 cm, 1-headed, or branched with gen. 1-headed
branches. Heads large, globular. — Uncultivated ground,
road-sides; W.; also sometimes accidentally. 7

spheerocephalus L. 1233.

323. Cirsium. Fuller’s Thistle. XIX, 34.

1. Ls rough on the upper face with small spines . 2

— Ls glabr. or hairy above but not spiny . . ^

2. Ls decurrent. Heads ovoid, 3 V2 cm long. — b. net nor ale
Rchb. Ls very white and cottony underneath, with shorter
and broader segments. Heads rather globular. — Road¬
sides, waste ground, woods; everywhere. 6

lanceolatum Scop. 1234.

— Ls not decurrent. Heads globular (up to 7 cm, the largest

of the genus). Type of C. eriophorum L. 3

3. Invol.-ls little, or scarcely, enlarged below the terminal
spine. Heads gen. densely webbed, cottony. — Mount, and
subalp.; not everywhere (wanting in U. Z. A.). 6

eriophorum Scop. 1235.

— Invol.-ls suddenly enlarged below the spiny point into
an almost rounded, spathulate-concave, appendage pecti-
nate-ciliate at the edges. Heads often less densely webbed.
A poor species and inclined to approach the last. — Tess. 6

spathulatum Gaud. 1236.

4 (1). FIs, by suppression, partly dioecious. Pappus finally
longer than the cor. Stem gen. branching from the base,
terminating in a many-lieaded corymb. Rt-stock or rt.
creeping at a great depth. — Fields and wood-clearings,
a troublesome herb. 7 . . . arvense Scop. 1237.

— FIs all hermaphrodite. Pappus shorter than the cor.

Stem not branched in its lower portion . . o

5. Stem crisp-winged up to the top on account of the

entirely decurrent Is. Heads small, clustered. C. Chailleti
Gaud, not Koch (forma putata). — Damp fields, marshes;
everywhere. 7 . palustre Scop. 1238.

— Ls not, or scarcely, decurrent .... 6*

6. FIs red ......... 1

Composite.

223

— FIs pale yellow or yellowish white (rarely in C. ole-

raceum and C. Erisithales tinged with red) . 10

7. Ls very white-tomentose underneath, glabr. above, un-
div. or inciso-pinnatifid, with narrow lobes, strongly
inclined forwards. — Alp.; G. T. W. U. 6

heterophy Mum All. 1239.

— Ls green underneath or with a slight gray-webbed to-

nientum ......... S

8. Stem stunted, apparently 0 and the head sessile on the
spreading rosette of ls, rarely (v. caulescens) up to
15 cm and more, and then leafy throughout its whole
length. Cor.-limb distinctly shorter than its tube. — Pas¬
turages, fields, especially of the mount, and subalp. 6

acaule All. 1240.

• — Stem 30 — 100 cm, leafless in the upper portion. Cor.-
limb longer than the tube ..... .9

9. Rt-fibres thickened in the middle like a spindel. Ls
with a slight gray-webbed tomentum underneath, not
clasping or half-clasping, pinnnati-fid or -partite, with
2 — 3-lobed divisions. Stem bearing 1 — 3 (rarely Several)
heads, on long peduncles. — Damp fields ; Geneva. J. Z. 7

bulbosum Dec. 1241.

— Rt-fibres filiform. Ls of the same colour on both sides,

auricled-clasping, undiv., or toothed or deeply pinnati-
fid, with lobes never div. Heads gen. 2 — 4, clustered,
rarely solitary and with long peduncles. — As the last;
especially Jura and subalp.; fairly distrib. (wanting in
G.J. 7 . rivulare Link. 1242.

10 (6j. Stem not leafy in the upper portion. Heads drooping,
not surrounded by floral ls. Invol.-ls keeled, glutinous.
Ls pinnatipartite with numerous segments which are
lanceolate and gen. spread at a right angle. — Alp., sub¬
alp. and Jura (wanting in W.). 7 Erisithales Scop. 1243.

— Stem leafy up to the top. Heads erect, enveloped in

fl.-ls . 11

11. Fl.-ls (large, of a dirty green) oval, undiv. Invol.-ls ter¬
minated by a short soft spine. — Damp fields; ditches;
everywhere. 7 . . . . oloraceum Scop. 1244.

— Fl.-ls long, lanceolate, spiny, pinnatifid. Invol.-ls ter¬
minated by a long, strong spine. — Alp. 7

spinosissimum Scop. 1245.

OBS. The numerous hybrid forms of this genus admit of the following

classification :

1. Ls with small spines on the upper face:

C. cicaule-lanceolatum (sabaudum Ruhmer) ; C. eriophoruni-lanceolcttum
(Gerh. Schultz bip ) ; C. lanceolatum-oleraceum (bipontinum Schultz; C.
subulatum Gaud, is, according to Ilapin, C. oleraceum). C. lanceolatum-
palustre (subspinuligerum Peterm.).

224

Composite,

2. Ls without spines on the upper face.

a. Ls more or less decurrent,
aa. FIs red.

§. Cor.-limb longer than the tube :

C. bulbosum-palustre (semidecurrens Rchb.). C. Eristhales-palustre
(C Huteri and Ausserdorferi, Hausm ) ; C. palustre-rivulare (sub-
alpinum Gaud.); C. palustre-spinosissimum (foliosum Rhin.).

§§. Cor.-limb as long as the tube:

C. acaule-palustre (C. Kirschlegeri Schultz bip.).
bb. FIs yellowish white, or white, sometimes slightly tinged with red
towards the top.

f Cor.-limb longer than the tube:

C. oleraceum-palustre (hybridum Koch),
ft Cor.-limb shorter than the tube, 5-fid above the middle : C. ur~
vense-oleraceum (sessile Peterm., Reichenbachianum Lohr).

b. Ls not decurrent.

* Heads without fl -ls. FIs red.

§. Cor.-limb distinctly shorter than the tube : C. acaule-heterophyllum
(alpestre Nag.).

§§. Cor.-limb longer than the tube: C. acaule-bulbosum (medium All.,
Zizianum Koch) ; C. acaule-rivulare (Heerianum Nag.) ; C. bid-
bosum-rivulare (Brunneri A. Br.) ; C. Erisithales-heterophyllum
(Tappeineri Rchb. f.) ; C. heterophyll.-rivulare (ambiguum All.
nee Koch).

** Heads surrounded by fl.-ls. FIs yellowish white or white, sometimes
tinged with red at the top: C. acaule-oleraceum (rigens Wallr., de-
Coloratum Koch) ; C. acaule-spinosissimum (fissibracteum Peterm.);
C. bulbosum-oleraceum (Braunii F. Schultz) ; C. Erisithales-oleraceurn
(Candolleanum Nag., elatumSaut.) ; C. heterophyllum-oleraceum (affine
Tausch ) ; C. heterophyllum-spinosissimum (autareticum Treuinfels,
Cervini Koch, Hallerianum Gaud., purpureum All ?) ; C. oleraceum-
rivulare (prsemorsum Miehl., erucagineum Dec.) ; C. oleraceum-spi-
nosissimum (Thomasii Nag.).

Also: C. acaule-Erisithales (tiroliense Treuinf.) ; C. Eriaithales-spinosissi-
mum (flavescens Koch, Gauderi Hut.). — Of ternary hybrids the following have
been observed: C. acaule-oleraceum-rioulare (Jouxthal according to Nageli) ;
and C. Erisithales-oleraceum-palustre (spontaneous form in the botanical garden
at Zurich).

324. Silybum. Milk Thistle. XIX, 32.

1. Ls large, spotted with white. Invol.-ls reflexed, spiny.
— Waste ground near dwellings; W. (Sion, Branson);
otherwise occasionally adventitious 7

Marianum Gartn. 1246.

325. Carduus, Thistle. XIX, 35.

1. Heads oblong or ovoid-oblong, decid. at maturity. (Ls
pinnatifid, with broad, angular lobes, webbed-white-
tomentose underneath.) Type of C. pycnocephalus 2

— Heads globular or ovoid, not decid. at maturity . 3

2. Middle invol -ls rather broad at the base, then rather
suddenly narrowed, without marginal nerves; dorsal
nerve in the lower part 0. Heads sessile, in clusters
of 3 and more. — Geneva! 6 . tenuiflorus Curt. 1247.*)

*i C. microcephalus Gaud, not Ten., (syncephalus Rchb.) which was
formerly found in Upper Wall, is probably connected with this species. On
the other hand C. tenuiflorus Gau l. syn. appears rather to be a C. pycnocephalus .

Composita?.

225

— Middle invol.-ls narrow at the base, narrowed insensibly,
with a marginal nerve; dorsal nerve prolonged to the
base. Heads isolated or in clusters of 2 — 3, sessile or
peduncled, gen. rather larger than in the last. — Geneva! 6

pycnocephalus Jacq. 1248.

3. Middle invol.-ls broad, lanceolate, narrowed below the
centre and folded back transversely. Heads large (4 cm
and more broad), depressed-globular. Type of C. nutans 4

— Middle invol.-ls narrower, linear, or linear-subulate, ap-

pressed or arched outwards. Heads medium sized or
small, ovoid ........ 5

4. Heads solitary, drooping (rarely erect!). Upper part of
the invol.-ls gradually and insensibly narrowed to a
point. — Rubbish-heaps, road-sides; distrib. 7

nutans L. 1249.

— Heads solitary, erect, or in pairs and then one sessile,

horizontal. Upper part of the invol.-ls broad even at the
top, narrowed to a point in a slight curve. — Chur, Lower
Ungadine: Briigg. 7 . . platylepis Saut. ! 1250.

5. Stem and branches terminating in a long peduncle,
leafless and 1-lieaded. Ls gen. glabr. underneath —
b. crass if of ius Willd. Gaud, (summanus Poll., Argemone
Schl.) Ls slightly thickened, sea-green underneath, ciliate
with weak spines. — c. rhceticus Dec. (carlineefolius Gaud .
not Lain., transalpinus Sut.) Ls deeply pinnatifid, with
longer and stronger spines, segments and wings crisp ; in¬
vol.-ls more gradually narrowed into a small spine which
is more distinct than in a. and b. — Stony slopes, es¬
pecially of the mount, and subalp ; distrib.; b. Tess.,
Simplon; c. Graub., Toss., Wall. 7 defloratus L. 1251.

— Stem and branches with crisp wings up to, or almost
up to, the heads; heads gen. clustered into a ball (i

6. Ls light green, firm, green underneath, pinnatifid or

sinuate-pinnatifid, with numerous spines of a yellowish
colour, 6 — 7 mm long and very piercing. Heads rather
larger and less dense than in C. crispus. — Road-sides,
rubbish-heaps; doubtful or at any rate very rare in
Switz. 7 . acanthoides L. 1252.*)

— Ls with shorter and less, or scarcely, piercing spines 7

7. Ls gen. all sinuate-pinnatifid, more or less webbed,
gray- or white-tomentose underneath, rarely. — b. multi -
florus Gaud, (polyanthemus Schl.) green. Bienn. pi. re-

*) C. axillaris Gaud., which Dec. and Bert, connect with this species
is a C. crispus-defloratus, judging at any rate by examples belonging to
E. Thomas. In the same manner Q. acuminatus Gaud., which Koch con¬
nects with C. acanthoides, at least the specimens collected near Bex by
E. Thomas. C. acanthoides E. Thom, (from the Simmenthal !) is probably
a form of C. defloratus.

226

Composite.

sembling Cirsium palustre from which it is distinguished
by the pappus hairs which are not plumose. — Road¬
sides, rubbish-heaps; almost everywhere; b. mountains
and subalp.; Jouxthal, Saanethal, Graub. ? 7 crispus L. 1253.

— Ls softer than in the last, gray-tomentose underneath,
the lower large, lyrate-pinnatifid, the upper undiv., only
toothed. Perenn. pis (rt-stock creeping). Wings of the
stem narrower than in the last; outer ls of the invol.
much longer. — Damp thickets and the sides of torrents;
Alp., subalp. and Jura, also lower. 7 Personata Jacq. 1254.

OBS. Hybrids: C. crispus-defloratus ; C. crispus-nutans (C. Stangii Buck,

polyacanthus Heg.) ; C. crispus-I'er sonata ; C. defloratus-nutawt ( Brunneri A. Br.) ;

C. defloratus-Persovata (Bambergeri Hauser); C. nutans-Personata (Grenieri

Schultz, bip.).

326. Onopordon. Onopord. XIX, 44.

1. Stem broadly winged by the decurrent Is. Heads very
large. — Dry, waste places; not everywhere (wanting in
U. L. A.). 7 . Acanthium L. 1255.

327. Lappa. Bur. XIX, 31.

1. Inner invol. -Is red, rather obtuse with a short super¬
posed point. Heads gen. much webbed, very much de¬
pressed at the base, in a rather dense corymb. — Rub¬
bish-heaps, embankments; not everywhere and in western
Switz. almost exclusively in the subalp. 8

tomentosa L. 1256.

— Invol. -Is all terminated by a hooked point, or the inner ones
only narrowed to a straight, subulate point. Heads glabr.
or little webbed, not, or faintly, depressed at the base 2

2. Heads arranged in a lax corymb (lower branches of the

inflorescence long), fairly large. Invol. -ls all green.
Petioles of the rad. ls solid. L. major Gartn. — As the
last; fairly distrib. 8 officinalis All. 1257.

— Heads in a raceme or almost in a corymb (the upper
dense). Inner invol. -ls, or all, reddish in the upper
part. Petioles of rad.-ls hollow. Type of L. minor 3

3. Heads rather small, about the size of a nut. Invol. -ls
exceeded by the fls. Achenes 5 — 7 mm long. Stem 50 to
70 cm with erect-spreading branches. — b. pubens Bor.
Heads rather larger, with longer peduncles. — c. alba
Christ, ined. Heads smaller, fls dark red, ls white-tomen-
tose underneath. — As the last; distrib. b. W. Y. c. Sion. 8

minor Dec. 1258.

— Heads about as large as in 1257 (but often partly sup¬
pressed). Invol. -ls about as long as the fls, broader than
in the last. Achenes 8 — 11 mm long. Stem 100 — 300 cm,
with spreading, finally almost pendant, branches. L. in-

Composite.

227

termedia Rclib./., macrosperma Wallr. — Woods, on calc.,
many growing together; W. Y. J. S. and probably in
other parts also! 7, earlier than the last

nemorosa Kornik. 1259.

328. Carlina. Carline. XIX, 29.

1. Stem always simple and 1-headed, gen. stunted, ap¬
parently 0, and the large head (5 — 8 cm in diam ), so to
speak, sessile on the rosette of Is, or (v. caulescens)
stem up to 30 ton long. Ls all petioled, deeply sinuate-
pinnatifid. — Pasturages, mountain slopes; distrib. 7

acaulis L. 1260.

- — Stem simple or branched, 20 — 45 ton, bearing 1 — several
heads. Ls sinuate-dentate, the upper sessile . 2

2. Ls oblong-lanceolate, spiny, sinuate-dentate. — As the last. 7

vulgaris L. 1261.

— Ls lanceolate, longer than in the last, with irreg. spiny
teeth, spines less spreading. C. nebrodensis Koch not
Guss.! — Alp., rare. V. B. (Morcles, Mortais, Merils). 7

longifolia Rchb. 1262.

329. Saussurea. Saussurea. XIX, 34.

1. Ls with a gray- or whitish-webbed tomentum under¬
neath, entire or slightly toothed, the rad. oblong-lanceo¬
late, with rounded or narrowed base. — b. depressa Gren.?
Stem stunted, ascending; ls broader, more distinctly
toothed. — Alp. (wanting in T. A.). 7

alpina Dec. 1263.

— Ls snow-white underneath, tomentose, slightly sinuate-

dentate, the rad. oval-oblong with cordate base. — Alp.
(wanting in Y. B.). 7 . . discolor Dec. 1264.

330. Serratula. Saw-wort. XIX, 37.

1. Invol.-ls dilated at the top into a scarious, broad, oval

appendage. Ls gen. undiv., gray-tomentose underneath.
Stem 50 — 60 cm, 1-headed ; head very large. Rhaponticum
scariosum Lam. — b. helenifolict Gren. Stem more r eg.
leafy; invol.-appendages not ciliate. (Alvier, Rhatikong
— Alp. G. W. V. A. 7 . . Rhaponticum Dec. 1265.

— Invol.-ls without appendage. Ls glabr. or almost so 2

2. Stem 1-headed; head fairly large. Invol. almost globular.

Ls entire or slightly toothed. — Rocky places; Saleve
near Geneva. 6, 7 . . . * nudicaulis Dec. 1266.

— Stem bearing several or many heads; heads small. In¬
vol. oblong-cylindric. Ls undiv., or lyrate or pinnatifid.
— b. Vulpii Fisch.-Uost. (monticola Bor.) Alpine form

228

Composite.

with fewer, larger, and denser heads, and lower stem
— Damp fields, thickets; distrib. 7 tinctoria L. 1267.

831. Kentrophyllum. Kentrophyllum. XIX, 36.

1. Ls sinuate-pinnatifid. Outer Is of the invol. spiny, like
the upper caul. — Dry, stony places. W. Y. 7

lanatum Dec. 1268.

332. Centaurea. Centaury. XIX, 38, 52.

1. Invol. -Is terminated by a palmatifid spine, 12 — 20 mm

long and div. into 5 — 7 spines . ... 2

— Invol.- ls without this spine, but terminated by a scarious,

coloured edge ....... 3

2. FIs lemon-yellow. Caul, ls decurrent, linear-lanceolate,
entire, the lower lyrate. — In lucern-fields, introduced
with foreign grain, rare and uncertain. 7, 8

solstitialis L. 1269.

— FIs red. Caul. Is not decurrent, pinnatifid, with linear
lobes, except those at the tops of the stems and branches
which are entire. — Uncultivated places, road-sides; Y.
otherwise sometimes adventitious. 7 Calcitrapa L. 1270.

3. FIs, at any rate of the margin, blue (rarely rose or

white) ......... 4

— FIs red or white ....... 6*

4. Caul, ls not decurrent. Ann. pis. Cornflower. — Corn¬
fields; distrib. 6 .... Cyanus L. 1271.

— Caul, ls decurrent. Perenn. pis . ... 5

5. Invol. -ls with black edges, pectinate-dentate; teeth about

as long as the breadth of the scarious edge. Ls rather
cottony-webbed, green- — Mountain w^oods, gorges; dis¬
trib. 6 . montana L, 1272.*)

— Invol. -ls with light brown edges, pectinate-fringed ; fringes
often silvery, nearly twice as long as the breadth of
the scarious edge. Ls webbed-tomentose, often sinuate-
dentate. Stem gen. bearing several heads. C. seusana
Gaud, not Chaix. — As the last; T. W. (Berisal). 6

axillaris Willd. 1273

6 (3). The scarious edge at the top of the invol. -ls forming
a distinctly separate appendage .... 7

— The scarious edge of the invol. -ls toothed-fringed, but

not developed as a separate appendage . . 14l

7. Ls 1- or 2-pinnatipartite, with linear lobes. Appendage
of the invol. -ls white-scarious, swollen-concave, mucro-
nate. C. splendens Gaud. Koch. — Stony, dry places in
Italian Switz. 7 . alba L. 1274.

*) C. lugdunensis Jord. has rt-stock without stolons and narrower

Is, reported from Reculet.

Composite.

229

— Ls undiv. or the lower sinuate-pinnatifid . . S

8. Pappus 0 or rudimentary. (Appendages of the invol.-ls
erect or loosely erect, rarely with their points bent
outwards.) Type of C. Jacea ..... U

— Pappus present, at least Vg as long as the achene. (Ap¬
pendages of invol.-ls fringed-plumose.) . . 11

9. Appendages undiv.. finely denticulate or lacerated, more
rarely (v. semipeetinata) the lower reg. pectinate-fringed
and then the narrowed tip is slightly bent outwards. -

a. genuina. Branches short, fairly thick, almost erect:

ls green, elliptic-lanceolate. — b. angustifolia Schranlc
(amara auct. rec. an L.?*) Branches more numerous,
longer, slenderer, more spreading; ls gen. gray-webbed,
narrower, the upper almost linear, the H.-ls shorter than
the invol. Bloom later. — Fields, pasturages, road-sides;
everywhere; b dryer places, not everywhere, by pre¬
ference in warmer parts. 8, 9 . . Jacea L. 1275.

— Appendages, with the exception of the outer leaflets,

fringed-pinnate ..... 10

10. Appendages almost entirely hiding the invol., of a
more or less light brown colour. Differing from C. nigra
in the presence of barren marginal fls (which are rarely
wanting), in the lighter coloured appendages, not com¬
pletely hiding the invol., less reg fringed, with narrower
fringes and broader disk, and in the pappus being either
0 or extremely short and brittle. C. nigrescens auct.
mult, not Koch. — Bather damp pasturages; Bale! Kreuz-
lingen! and probably also in other places. 7, 8

pratensis Thuill. 1276.

— Appendages blackish, not hiding the invol. C. nigrescens
Koch. — a. Ccniaollii Koch. Appendages large, to a fair
extent hiding the invol., so that the invol. appears
darker, often almost black. See N. Beitr. Ill, 11. —

b. Kochii F. Schultz (vocchinensis Bernh. !) Appendages

small, distant, triangular, so that the invol. appears
variegated with green and black. — Only on the other
side of the Alps. a. Yal Bedretto, Zwischbergen ; b. dis-
trib. in Tess. 7 transalpina Schl. 1277.

11 (8). Barren marginal fls 0 (rarely present). Appendages
lanceolate, upright or loosely upright, black-brown, en¬
tirely hiding the invol. Pappus Vg as long as the achene.
— a. obscura Jonh Stem gen. simple ; invol. almost glob¬
ular. — b. nemoralis Jord. Stem gen. taller, branchy; invol.
ovoid, with narrower leaflets. — Hills, road- and wood-
sides; not everywhere (wanting in G. U. S.). 7. b. later

nigra L. 1278.

*) C- Gaudini Boiss. is an extreme form of this variety or subspecies
with shining, almost white appenduges.

230

Composite.

— Barren raarg. Us gen. present. Appendages lanceolate,

long-subulate, spreading or gen. reflexed. Pappus V4 or
1 '3 the length of the achene. Type of C. phrygia: species
distinguished by the plumose invols, resembling a peri¬
wig! . 12

12. Invol oblong. Appendages light (rarely dark) brown,

not hiding the invol. (which makes it appear variegated),
with rather distant fringes. Stem and Is glabr. or finely
webbed. Stem ascending, slender, often branched from
the base, 10— 15 cm. Ls rather stiff, narrow, long, glabr.
above. C. Moritziana Heg., austriaca Koch p. p. — Calc,
rocks of mount, and subalp.; Gf. (Oberhalbstein, Filisur,
Schmitten &c.), also by the lake of Como and in south¬
western Tyrol. 7 . . . . rhaeti ca SVloritzi. 1279.

— Invol. ovoid or almost globular. Appendages almost en¬

tirely hiding the invol., with close fringes. Stem and ls
rather rough with short, jointed hairs . . 13

13. Stem 10 — 30 c/u, almost always 1- headed. Ls oblong

with base of equal breadth, truncate or almost auricled.
Heads large. Appendages gen. light brown. C. phrygia
Rchb. not L. — b. Thomasiana Grml. (ambigua Thom, not
Guss., Ferdinandi Gren. ?) PI. smaller, more hairy; stem
ascending, bearing as many as 4 heads; ls deeply sinuate
(Simplon, Binnthal, Saas, Eringerthal). — Alp. G. T. AY.
V. U . nervosa Willd. 1280.

— Stem 40—70 cm, often branchy. Ls oblong-elliptic, coarsely

toothed, narrowed towards the base. Heads of medium
size. Appendages black-brown as in C. nigra. C. austriaca
Rchb. not Willd., phrygia Koch not L,*) — G. (Lower
Engadine). 7 . . . pseudophrygia C. A. Mey. 1281.

14(6). Invol. -Is distinctly 5-nerved. Umbilicus glabr. Rad. ls
gen. 2-pinnatipartite, with linear lobes. Type of C. pani-
culata ......... 15

— Invol. -ls without nerves or faintly nerved. Umbilicus

bearded. Ls simply (rarely doubly) pinnatipartite, with
narrower or broader lobes, sometimes also partially almost
entire. Type of C. Scabiosa ..... IT

15. Invol. pale yellowish brown, about 8 mm long, oblong,
narrowed at the base. Invol. -ls narrow, acuminate on
account of the long, strong, almost spiny terminal
fringe. C. polycephala Jord.! — Waste places; only near
Nyon, if still there? 7 . . . paniculata L. 1282.

— Invol. distinctly larger, 10 — 15 mm, ovoid or ovoid-glo¬

bular, rounded at the base. Invol. -ls broader than in
the last, less acuminate on account of the terminal
fringe being shorter and weaker .... 16

*) The true C. phrygia L. (austriaca Willd. and Koch p. p.) which is
found in Bohemia, Silesia and Prussia is, otherwise, little different.

Composit®.

231

16. Invol.-ls strongly nerved, without, or with a faint brownish,
spot at the" lop, the inner in particular slightly drawn
together below the top; lateral fringes 5—7 on each
side. — As the last; W. 7 . . valesiaca Jord. 1283.

— • Invol.-ls less strongly nerved, with a distinct black
spot at the tip, triangular, acute, broader than in the
last; lateral fringes 7 — 12 on each side. C. Mureti Jord. !
rhenanaBor. — As the last; Lower Engadine, Chur, Bale. 7

maculosa Lam. 1284.

17 (14). Scarious edge of the invol.-ls (blackish) not hiding
the invol. Stem gen. branchy, with several heads. Heads
fairly large. — Pasturages, road-sides; distrib. 6

Scabiosa L. 1285. *)

— Scarious edge of the invol.-ls more or less hiding the
invol.; fringes longer, almost silvery. Stem not tall,
gen. simple and 1-headed; in a form nearer to C. Sca¬
biosa (var. intermedia) taller and with several heads.
Heads very large (2 — 3 cm broad). C. Kotschyana Koch
not HeutF. — Alp.; Graub.! Wall.! Teas ! Mt. Pilatus. 8

alpestris Heg. 1286.

OBS. Hybrids: C. Jacea-nervosa ; C. Jacea-rha-tica.

333. Crupina. Crupina. XIX, 38.

1. Caul. Is pinnatipartite, with linoly toothed segments, the
teeth acuminate. Invol. oblong-cylindric. FIs red. Cent-
aurea Crupina L. —Stony hills. W. 6 vulgaris Pers. 1287.

334. Xeranthemum. Xeran hemum. XIX, 29.

1. Inner (rayed) invol.-ls G/2 times as long as the diam.
of the disk. — Dry places. W. 6 . inapertuni Willd. 1288.

— Inner invol.-ls twice as long: as the diam. of the disk.

X. radiatum Lam. — W. (Tourbillon, but probably only
adventitious). 6 . . . *annuum L. 1289.

335. Lampsana. Dock-cress. XIX, 4.

1. Stem leafy, many-headed. Heads small (invol. 5 mm long).
—Fields, road-sides, wood-clearings; distrib. 8, 9

communis L. 1290.

336. Aposeris. Aposeris. XIX, 5.

1. Ls rad., runcinate-pinnatifid, with almost triangular seg¬
ments. Heads large. Stems 1-headed.— Subalp. of western
Switz. 6 . foetida Less. 1291.

*) C. spinulosa Roch., taller, up to 1 1/2 m; heads smaller, supported
by slenderer, longer peduncles ; scarious edge of the invol.-ls narrower, with
more distant, much shorter, fringes : Yvorne, in company with C. Scabiosa ;
(adventitious) ; Jaccard !

232

Composite.

337. Arnoseris. Arnoseris. XIX, 5.

1. Ls rad., oblong-obovate, toothed. Stem bearing 1 — 3 heads,
red in the lower portion, with branches thickened to
the form of a club below the fl. Heads small — Fields,
especially on sandy soil, rare; Y. B. Z. S. 7

minima Link. 1292.

338. Cichorium. Chicory. XIX, 3.

1. Fl.-ls lanceolate. — Road-sides ; everywhere ; a larger form
with fleshy, carrot-shaped root is cultivated. 7, 8

Intybus L. 1293.

— Pl.-ls broad-oval. Cultivated for salad. 7

t Endivia L. 1294.

339. Thrincia. Lesser Hawkbit. XIX, 12.

1. Ls rad. Stems 1-headed. Invol.-ls edged with black. —
Damp, grassy places, fields; Tess., Yaud, Geneva. 7

hirta Roth. 1295.

340. leonlodon. Hawkbit. XIX, 12.

1. Stem gen. branchy and bearing several heads, stunted
and alpine pis are also sometimes 1 -headed. Peduncles
thickened under the fls and furnished in that part with
several scales. Outer ligules streaked with . red under¬
neath — b. 'pratensis Link (alpestris Heg. if the stem is
at the same time 1-headed). Invol. and upper part of
the peduncle villous, with blackish hairs. — Pasturages,
road-sides; everywhere (Engadine, St. Bernard). 7, 8

autumnalis L. 129(5.

— Stem simple and 1-headed, only by exception forked

and 2—3-headed ....... 2

2. Root truncate, horizontal or oblique, with strong fibres 3

— Root long-fusiform, descending vertically, with hair-like

fibres . . . . . - . . . o

3. Stem 3 — 10 cm, scarcely longer than the ls, with 1 or 2

scales above, and villous, like the invol., with blackish
hairs. Pappus snow-white. Hairs of the ls (if present)
simple. — High Alp. 7 Taraxaci Loisl. 1297.

— Stem 10 — 40 cm, gen. distinctly longer than the ls.

Pappus dirty white or brownish .* 4

4. Stem with several scales above. Petioles narrow, distinct.
Hairs of the ls (when present) simple. Fls yellow or
(v. aurantiacus) safron yellow. — Alp. 7

pyrenaicus Gouan. 1298.

— Stem without scales, or with only 1 — 2 . Petioles fairly
broad. Hairs of Is (when present) 2—4-forked. — a. ge-
nuinus. Ls sinuate-dentate, more or less abundantly

Composite.

233

hairy. — b. liastilis L. The same, but Is glabr. or nearly
so.— c. hyoserioides Weliv. Ls pinnatipartite almost to the
middle nerve, with narrow, and gen., glabr. segments.
— d. pseudocrispus Schultz bip. (crispus auct. helv. not
Vill). Ls pinnatifid, with undulated crisp segments, very
hispid.* **)) — Meadows and pasturages, up to the Alps;
c. well characterised, especially in the Engadine; d. Enga-
dine, Binn, Bree, Simplon, Saas, Zermatt. 6, 7 hispidus L. 1299.

5 (2). Ls sinuate-dentate or pinnatifid, hispid in consequence
of rather long, 3-forked hairs. L. saxatilis Rchb. — Dry
calc, mountains; southern Tyrol ; reported from Tess. 6

* crispus Vill. 1300.

— Ls denticulate or almost entire, gray-tomentose with

very short, 3 — 4 forked, almost stellate hairs . 6

6. Ls entire or distantly denticulate; hairs very short so
that the ls appear gray-tomentose. Pappus-hairs all
plumose.— Sunny, rocky slopes, up to the Alp.; G. U.
T. Glarus (Alvier). Eastern Switz. 7

incanus Schrank. 1301.

— Ls narrower and longer than in the last, sinuate-dentate,

with distant teeth. Hairs rather longer and less abun¬
dant, which shows the green colour of the ls better.
Outer pappus-hairs shorter, rough (not plumose). — Tess.
(Salvadore, Calbege). 7 . . tenuiflorus Rchb. 1302.

OBS. Hybrid : L. pyrenaicus-Taraxaci.

341. Picris. Picris. XIX, 13.

1. Stem leafy, terminated by a corymb of several heads.
Ls oblong-lanceolate, sinuate, half-clasping. PI. hispid
with hairs partially hooked. — Yar. with narrower, almost
entire, ls, and earlier bloom (b. Villarsii Jord.), with
invol.-ls darker, less spreading (c. umbellata Nees*). —
Meadows, pasturages, road-sides; everywhere; b. T. W. V.
B.; c. S. Z. and probably other places also. 7

hieracioides L. 1303.

342. Helmintha. Helminth. XIX, 13.

1. Stem leafy. Ls clasping, with cordate base. Outer invol.-
ls cordate-oval, inner with a pectinate-ciliate awn
below the top. — Lucern fields; rare and uncertain. 7,8

*echioides Gartn. 1304.

343. Tragopogon. Goat’s-beard. XIX, 9.

1. FIs violet. Surface of the fl.-head flat. Otherwise as in
T. major. — Sometimes cultivated f porrifolius L. 1305.

*) This variety, as also the var. opimus Koch (is broader, stem lower,
thickened at the top) are deserving of further examination !

**) A form which perhaps constitutes a distinct species is: P. pyrenaica
L. hair softer; ls broader, flatter; heads larger. Alp. and subalp.

17

234

Composite.

— FIs yellow ........ 2

2. FIs gen. dark yellow and distinctly longer than the

invol.-ls. Heads closing after midday towards 2 p.m.
Marginal achenes, in their normal state, with spiny
scales. T. pratensis auct. helv. notL., T. Schuttleworthii
God. — Meadows; everywhere. 5 . orientalis L. 1306.

— FIs light yellow, shorter, rarely as long as the invol.-

ls. Heads smaller, closing about 11 a.m. . . 3

3. FIs scarcely half as long as the invol.-ls; the
latter edged with rose. Peduncles as in the last, scarcely
thickened at the time of flowering. Stem often taller
and more branchy. Ls narrower. Anther-tube entirely
blackish-brown (in the last usually only streaked with
black). T. minor Fr.?, T. Pomaretii F. Schultz. — Road¬
sides, slopes, hills, sometimes in company with the last;
S. ! and probably also in other places, but neglected. 5

dubius V i i 1 . 1307.

— FIs about as long as the invol.-ls. Peduncles as in the

last, but heads larger. Achenes . ? — Mountain

meadows above Yevey with T. orientalis! Chur: Briigg. 5

pratensis L. 1307a.

— FIs shorter than the invol.-ls. Peduncles already much

thickened like a club at the time of flowering.
Achenes about 15 mm long, grayish yellow; those of the
margin provided with spiny scales; beak compressed-
angular, thickened at the top. — Road-sides, hills; G.
W. T. 5 . major Jacq. 1308.

344. Scorzonera. Salsify. XIX, 10.

L. Rt-stock with a thick tuft (formed of bristly fibres of
the ls of former years). Stem gen. 1-headed, with 1 — 3
scale-like ls. — Yar. : with ls only 1— 2 mm (v. stenophylla
Gaud.). — Rocks; Tess., lower Rhone - valley , Saleve,
Vuache. 5 . austriaca Willd. 1309.

— Rt-stock bare above or crowned with lanceolate (not

fibrous) scales . ..... ^

2. Stem bearing 1 — 3 heads, with 1 — 3 small ls. Outer invol.-
ls oval-lanceolate, acuminate, but the point itself rather
obtuse. S, plantaginea and macrorrhiza Gaud. — Marshy
or damp fields; very widely scattered; G. T. V. J. Z.
A. S. 5 . humilis L. 1310.

— Stem bearing 2 — several heads, leafy in the lower part.

Outer invol.-ls triangular, subacute.— b. montana Mut.
Ls narrower, linear-lanceolate or linear. — Cultivated as a
vegetable; b. Aostathal. 6 ... f hispanica L. 1311

Compositor*.

235

345 Podospermum. Podosperm. XIX, 10.

1. Stem leafy. Ls pinnatifid, with distant, linear lobes,
rarely undiv. — Road-sides; W. 6 laciniatum Dec. 1312.

346. Hypochaeris. Cat’s-ear. XIX, 7.

1. Some of the outer rays of the pappus not plumose,
only rough. Stem leafless, gen. with several heads, glabr.
-Wood-clearings, grassy places; distrib. 7

radicata L. 1313.

— Pappus hairs all plumose. Stem gen. hispid, with 1 or

several ls towards the base ..... 2

2. Stem bearing 1 — 3 heads; peduncles slightly thickened

below the heads. Heads large. Ls bright green, often
spotted with violet. — Pasturages of the subalp.; rare;
W. Y. B. J. 6 . . . maculata L. 1314.

— Stem 1 -headed, rarely with 2 heads, much and insensibly

thickened towards the top. Heads very large. Ls pale
green (yellowish). — Alp. 7 . . uniflora Vill. 1315.

347. Willemetia. Willemetia. XIX, 19.

1. Most of the ls rad., oblong-obovate, sinuate-dentate or
almost runcinate. Stem bearing 1 —several heads, rough
above, like the invols, with long black hairs. W. stipi-
tata C. H. Schultz, W. apargioides Cass. — Alp. ; eastern
Switz. 7 . hieracioides Monn. 1316.

348. Taraxacum. Dandelion. XIX, 18.

1. Beak shorter than, or at most as long as, the achene.
Pappus reddish. T. Pacheri Schultz hip.? — Alp.; Zermatt!
St. Bernard! and probably in other parts also. 7

nigricans Rchb. 1317.

— Beak slenderer than in the last, about twice as long as

the achene. Pappus white . .... 2

2. Outer invol.-ls applied, oval-acuminate. Ls erect or
erect-spreading, faintly toothed or almost entire. — b. de¬
pression. Grml. (udum Jord., Scorzonera Rchb.?) PI.
more robust with several stems; ls almost as in 1319,
spreading on the soil. T. palustre Dec. — Marshy fields;
probably distrib.; b. Constance, Vaud, between the type
and 1319, perhaps hybrid? 4,5 paludosum Schlecht. 1318.

— Outer invol.-ls reflexed or, at any rate, spreading S

3. Outer invol.-ls linear or linear-lanceolate, reflexed, the
inner gen. not callous at the top. Ls gen. runcinate-
pinnatifid, more rarely laciniate , or only sinuate. —
Meadows, pasturages, road-sides; everywhere; 4 — 10

officinale Web. 1319.

236

Compositre.

— Outer invol.-ls lanceolate or oval-lanceolate, spreading

or loosely erect, the inner ones gen. with a callosity
or little horn below the tip. Ls gen. more finely div.
than in the last. Heads smaller; fls paler. Achenes of
an olive-gray or (more often) brownish red (T. erythro-
spermum auct. not Andrz ). — Dry pasturages ; not every¬
where. 4, rarely in autumn . . Isevigatum Dec. 1320.

349. Chondrilla. Chondrilla. XIX, 19.

1. Heads small, in a very loose spike-shaped raceme. Rad.
ls runcinate, withered at the time of flowering, the upper
linear-lanceolate or linear. Stem 4 — 10 dm. — b. rigens
Rchb. Upper ls oblong-lanceolate, with spiny bristles at
the edges and underneath on the middle nerve. — Dry
hills, sandy places in the warmer parts ofSwitz.; (want¬
ing in G. U. A.), b. W. 6 jiincea L. 1321.

— Heads of moderate size, arranged in a corymb. Ls glabr.,
mostly rad., obovate-lanceolate, toothed with distant teeth,
the caul, linear. Stem 2 — 3 dm, Gravel of alpine torrents;
Graub., St. Gall. (Rhine, Plessur, Landquart). 7

prenanthoides Vill. 1322.

350. Prenanthes. Prenanthes. XIX, 15.

1. Ls glabr., glaucous underneath; the caul, oblong-lanceo¬
late, with cordate-clasping base Fls purple. — b. teruci-
folia L. Ls narrow, almost linear. — Woods; distrib.
b. Tess., Graub. 7 . . . . purpurea L. 1323.

351. Lactuca. Lettucs. XIX, 20.

1. Fls blue. Perenn. pi. — Stony slopes; scattered (wanting

in IT. L. A). 5. 6 . . . . perennis L. 1324.

— Fls yellow, sometimes tinged with pale violet under¬
neath. Ann. or bienn. pis ..... 2

2. Most of the caul, ls linear, entire, with sagittate base
and pointed auricles, spreading. Heads almost sessile,
in spike-shaped racemes on long branches. — Stubble¬
fields; western Switz. as far as Aargau. 7

saligna L. 1325.

— Caul, ls never linear, entire, oblong or oblong-obovate

or runcinate-pinnatifid. Heads peduncled, gen. in a pyra¬
midal panicle ........ 3

3. Achenes blackish, rather broadly edged (winged), glabr.
Ls horizontal (with the faces turned upwards and down¬
wards), gen. entire Stem 1 — 2 m. L. flavida Jord. Reut.
— Stony places, rubbish-heaps; rare: W. Y. J. Z. 9

virosa L. 1326.

— Achenes brownish gray, very narrowly edged, rough

with short bristles at the top ... 4:

Composite.

237

4. FI. -branches always erect, the upper ones hearing heads
only towards the top, forming all together a fairly
flat clustered corymb. Ls fairly horizontal, gen.
undiv., the caul, cordate-clasping. 7 t sativa L. 1327.

— FI. -branches drooping before the fls wither, the upper
ones furnished (in raceme) with heads throughout al¬
most their whole length, forming a long pyramidal
panicle. Ls placed vertically (through torsion the
edges directed up and down!), gen. runcinate-pinnatifid,
the caul, sagittate-clasping. — b. angustana All. Ls undiv.,
without prickles underneath on the middle nerve. (Wall.;
apparently a good species !) — Stony places, rubbish-heaps ;
not everywhere (wanting in GL B. U. I<. A.). 7

Scariola L. 1328.

352. Phoenixopus. Phoenixopus. XIX, 15.

1. Ls rather firm, the caul, linear, entire, decurrent
with 2 linear, applied auricles; the lower deeply pinnatifid,
with lanceolate or linear-lanceolate segments. Stem whitish,
bone-like. Achenes with black beaks. — Stony places; W 7, 8

vimineus Rchb. 1329.

— Ls soft, petioled, with winged petioles, sagittate-clasping,
lyrate-pinnatifid with broad angular-toothed segments,
the terminal one being very large. Stem green, herba¬
ceous. Achenes with light-brown beaks. Lactuca muralis
Oartn. —Woods, walls; everywhere. 7 muralis Koch. 1330.

353. SViulgedium. Alpine Sow-thistle. XIX, 21.

1. Inflorescence in a long thyrsus, with abundant glandular
hairs. Ls lyrate, with very large terminal lobe. — Alp.,
subalp. and Jura. 7 alpmum Cass. 1331.

— Inflorescence in a corymb, glabr. Ls runcinate-pinnatifid.

— Alp.; western Switz. 7 . . Pluniieri Dec. 1332.

354. Sonchus. Sow-thistle. XIX, 22.

1. Invol. gen. glabr., often white-flaky, rarely with a few

glands. Ann. pis ....... 2

— Invol. covered with abundant glandular hairs. Perenn.

pis. . . . • • . . . . J

2. l>s soft, gen. dull, runcinate-pinnatifid, with an almost

triangular-hastate terminal lobe, more rarely Is undiv.;
the caul, with sagittate base and auricles gen. acute,
spreading. Achenes with distinct transverse asperities
between the ribs. — Cultivated land; rubbish-heaps; every¬
where. 6 . . . . . . oleraceus L. 1333.

- — Ls rather hard, gen. shining and teeth more piercing,
more often undiv., the caul, with cordate base and

238

Composite.

auricles gen. rounded and pressed against the stem.
Achenes almost smooth between the ribs. — As the last. 6

asper All. 1334.

3. Caul. Is cordate at the base, with rounded, applied
auricles. Peduncles and invols covered with yellow glandi¬
ferous hairs. FIs golden yellow. — Fields and field-sides;
distrib. 7 ..... arvensis L. 1335.

— Caul. Is sagittate at the base, with long, acuminate,

spreading auricles. Peduncles and invols covered with
black, glandiferous hairs. FIs of a pale yellow. — Marshes,
river-side thickets; reported from Wall, but perhaps con¬
fused with a larger form of the last species (v. major
Neilr.). 7 . *pa'ustris L. 1336.

355. Barkhausia. Barkhausia. XIX, 20.

1. Styles yellow. PI. with a disagreeable smell.— Dry, stony
places, fallow; not everywhere (wanting in G. U. L. A.
also in eastern and central Switz.). 6, 7 foetida Dec. 1337.

— Styles brownish . . . . . . 2

2- Invols, as also the tops of the peduncles, covered with

stiff, yellowish hairs. — Fields, artificial meadows; here
and there, but uncertain (wanting in U.). 6

setosa Hall. /. 1338.

— Invol. shortly pubescent-glandular and more or less

covered with stellate hairs. Differing from Crepis biennis
(which resembles it) in the gray invols, the outer ligules
being red underneath, with glabr. teeth, and the styles
livid-brown. — Hills, fields, road-sides ; gen. not uncommon
(but wanting in G. T.). 5 . taraxacifolia Dec. 1339.

356. Crepis. Hawk’s-beard. XIX, 24.

1. Ann. or bienn. pis, with pale fusiform-branching rt.

(Stem leafy, terminated by a corymb of several or many
heads) . ........ 2

— Perenn. pis, with brown or blackish rt-stock (with the

exception of 1345, 1349 and 1350, gen. belonging to the
mount, and Alp.) ....... 5

2. Caul. Is with toothed (rarely almost hastate) auricle¬

like base. Heads fairly large (30 — 45 mm in diam ). Outer
invol. -Is lanceolate, spreading, the inner with applied
hairs on the inner side. Styles yellow. — Fields, every¬
where. 5, 6 . biennis L. 1340.

— Caul. Is with sagittate base ..... 3

3. Outer invol. -Is linear, applied, the inner glabr. on the
inner side. Heads rather small (15 — 20 mm). Achenes
yellowish brown, equally contracted-obtuse at both ends,
scarcely narrowed at the top. Pasturages, road-sides,

Composita-.

289

fields after harvest (smaller branchy-spreading form:
v. diffusa). 6 . . . . . virens Vill. 1341.

— Outer invol.-ls slightly spreading. Styles brown. Achenes

narrowed to the top ...... ; 1

4. Caul. Is rolled under at the edges. Outer invol.-ls
linear, the inner with an applied pubescence on the
inner side. Achenes chestnut-brown. PI. pubescent or
almost glabr. Heads rather small. Fields, road-sides;
rare; Engadine, Simplon, Nicolaithal, Schaffh. 6

tectorum L. 1342.

— Caul. Is flat. Outer invol.-ls lanceolate, the inner glabr.
on the inside. Achenes yellowish brown. PI. rough. Heads
rather larger than in the last but smaller than in 1340.
— Meadows, introduced with foreign grass-seeds ; Y. (not
uncommon), Bern &c. 5, earlier than C. biennis

nicseensis Balb. 1343.

5 (1). Stem leafless or rarely with 1 leaf at the base 6*

— Stem leafy (but sometimes with only 2 — 1 Is), by ex¬
ception sometimes leafless ..... i)

6. FIs orange-yellow. Stem 1-headed, covered above, like
the invol., with long black hairs. Ls. glabr. Habit of a
Leontodon. but pappus composed of simple, not plumose,
hairs. — Alp., subalp. and Jura. 7 . aurea Cass. 1344.

— FIs yellow ........ 7

7. Stem bearing several or many heads; heads small. (Ls

oblong-obovate, entire or slightly denticulate) . <S‘

— Stem 1-headed, or with 1 or few 1-headed branches;
heads larger ........ it

8. Heads numerous, in a raceme, the lower branches of the
raceme bearing 2 — 3 heads.— Pasturages, wood-edges:
not common (wanting in T. \V. V. U.). 5, 6

prsemorsa Tausch. 1345.

— Heads 3 — 7, in a corymb. C. incarnata lutea Koch. —

As the last. T. 5 . . . Froelichiana Dec. 1346.

9. Rt-stock cylindric-fusiform, vertical or oblique . 10

— Rt-stock truncate, oblique or horizontal . . 12

10. Ls pubescent-glandular, the caul, with sagittate base.

Achenes with 20 ribs. Stem bearing 2 — 5 (1 — 10) heads ;
heads very large.— Alp. 7 . grandifiora Tausch. 1347.

— Ls without glands, the caul, narrowed to the base, or

half-clasping with rounded auricles. Achenes with 5 or
10 ribs. Stem 1-lieaded, or (more rarely) div. into 2 — 3
1-headed branches ....... 11

11. Heads very large (45 mm in diain.). Peduncles thickened

below the fls (as in Hypochaeris). Ls irreg. denticulate.
Soveria montana Monn. — Alp. and Jura (Dole, Chasse-
ron). 7 . montana Tausch. 1348-

240

Composite.

— Heads distinctly smaller; peduncles slender, not or little
thickened. Ls sinuate-dentate or runcinate. — Alp. and
subalp., also lower ; eastern Switz., Irchel, Schaff h., Tess. 7

alpestris Tausch. 1349.

12 9). Stem 30 — 90 cm , bearing 1 — many beads . . 13

— Stem 2— 10cm, 1-headed, or div. into several 1-headed

branches ....... . . 15

13. Pappus (as in Hieracium) of a dirty white, rather stiff,
brittle. Achenes with 10 ribs. Peduncles and invols with
abundant black, glandiferous hairs. Stem bearing several
heads, glabr. like the ls. Caul, ls with cordate or sagittate
base. — Ditches, meadows and damp woods; distrib. 5

paludosa lYlonch. 1350.

— Pappus pure white, flexible. Achenes with 20 ribs 14:

14. Stem bearing several or many heads ; heads of medium

size. FIs golden-yellow. Ls entire or indistinctly toothed,
the caul, not numerous, with rounded or faintly cordate
base, the lower ones often contracted above the base.
— Var.: Stem and ls hairy (v. mollis) or glabr. (v. glabra).
— Jura (from Reculet to Passwang); rare in the Alp.
(A). 6 . succisifolia Tausch. 1351.

— Stem bearing 1 — 5 heads; heads large. FIs light yellow.
Ls sinuate-dentate, the caul, more numerous than in
the last, the lower ones gen. already withered at the
time of flowering, the others with cordate or sagittate
base. — Alp., subalp. and Jura. 6 . blattarioides Vill. 1352.

15 (12). Ls all petioled, oval or cordate-oval, with lyrate-
dentate petiole, often reddish underneath. Stem 5 — 15 cm,
prostrate, bearing 1 or few heads, the invol. and tops of
peduncles gray-flaky. — High Alp.; Gr. W. V. 7

pygmeea L. 1353.

— Caul, ls sessile or slightly petioled, but never oval 16

16. Ls entire or slightly toothed. Stem only 3 — 5 cm, 1-
lieaded, with 1 — 2 ls. Invol. very villous FIs golden-
yellow. — Alp., very rare; Gr. W. (Sampuoir, Fimberpass,
Flimserstein, Zermatt, Bagnethal). 7 jubata Koch. 1354.

- — Caul, ls pinnatifid ....... 17

17. Stem 3 — 5 cm, 1-headed, thickened at the top. Ls lyrate-
or runcinate-pinnatifid, the numerous caul, ls diminish¬
ing little in size towards the top, almost enveloping
the large head. — High Alp., principally in eastern Switz. 7

hyoseridifolia Tausch. 1355.

— Stem 7 — 15 cm, 1-headed, or div. into a few 1-headed

branches, with 2 — 3 ls, having almost the same thick¬
ness above as below. Caul, ls pinnatifid or -partite, with
lobes almost linear, often curved. C. chondrilloides and
rhsetica Frol.— Alp.; Gr. 7 . Jacquini Tausch. 1356.

OBS. Hybrids: C.cdpestris-blattarioides ; C. alpestris-grandifloro. (C. longi*

folia Heer) ; C. bint tar ioides-g randiflora ; C. hyoseridifolia- Jacquini (C. hybrida

Kern.).

Composite.

241

357. Chlorocrepis. Chlorocrepis. XIX, 24.

1. Stem leafless, scaly towards the top, bearing 1 — 3 heads.

Ls glaucous, glabr., linear-lanceolate, entire or with
distant teeth. FIs light yellow, turning green when dried.
Rt-stock long, slender. Hieracium staticifolium All. —
Rocky places in the Alp. and subalp., descending to
the plains with rivers. 7 . staticifolia Griseb. 1357.

358. Hieracium. Hawk weed. XIX, 23.*)

1 Achenes IV2 — 2 mm long, denticulate at the top by the
prominent ends of the ribs. Rt-stock often stoloniferous.
(Ls gen. entire, narrowed towards the^base, with no
distinct petiole.) — Subgenus I. Pilosella . . 2

— Achenes 2 '/2 — 5 mm long, not clearly denticulate at the
top. (FIs always yellow.) — Subgenus II. Euhieracium. 21

Subgenus I. Pilosella.

2. Stem leafless or bearing a single 1., 1-headed (ped¬
uncle mostly rad.!), or 1 — 3 times forked, the heads
with, more or less, long peduncles. Ls always having
stellate hairs underneath! rt-stock gen. stoloniferous.
Ligules of the circumference gen. reddish underneath.
— Sect. I. Pilosellinci ...... S

— Stem bearing, in the lower portion, 1 — 3 ls, rarely
more; 3—100 heads, arranged at the top of the stem
in a corymb, the heads being more shortly peduncled
than in the pis of the last paragraph ; exceptionally the
stem is dichotomous, or by suppression bears only
1 head, but then the ls have no stellate hairs under¬
neath (Auricula), or the stolons wanting and the mar¬
ginal ligules concoloured, yellow (glacialis, alpicola) 3

3. Ligules purplish or orange, or yellow but those of the
circumference purplish underneath. High mountain pis 13

— Ligules all concoloured, yellow .... 4

4. Heads 3 — 5, rarely more, or solitary through suppression.
Stem gen. arched at the base, 5—20 cm high . o

— Heads 7 — 100, rarely fewer. Stem gen. upright from the

base, 30 cm high or more ..... (i

5. Ls glandless (comp. H. Laggeri). Stem terminated by a

corymb (sometimes umbelliform) .... 12

— Ls glandular. Stem 1 — several times forked towards

the top. (Species of the high Alp. of Wall., absolutely
without stolons) ....... 14:

*) Compare: Burnat et Gremli, catalogue des Hieracium des Alpes
maritimes. 1883, and Gremli, les Epervieres du Valais in B. S. M. XII, also
N. Boitr. Ill, 47; also, for the subgenus Pilosella, the excellent monograph
by Nageli and Peter (= N. P.); “Hieracien Miltel-Europa’s,” 1885; and
the Exsiccata distributed, by Peter.

242

Composite.

6. Ls rather firm, glaucous or slightly so, often glabr.
above. Rooting, above ground, stolons almost always 0.*)
Hairs more or less stiff, bristle-like, gen. long . If)

— Ls green or yellowish-green, almost always hairy on

both sides, the upper often having some glandiferous
hairs at the edges ....... 7

7. Rt-stock almost always stoloniferous; the stolons
sometimes subterranean, brittle, with small pale (scaly)
Is; sometimes above ground, firmer, with green ls more
developed, and terminated by a rooting rosette. Ls, at
least above, without stellate hairs. Upper branches of
the inflorescence crowded (infloresc. sub-umbellate) 17

— Rt-stock without stolons, rarely with subterranean scaly
stolons. Ls gen. with stellate hairs on both sides (at any
rate underneath). Branches of the inflorescence all close
together; infloresc. umbellate (lax or compact) IS

Section I. PiloseJlina. (2).

8. Stem ascending at the base, 1 or several times for ke d,
with 2 — 4 heads, provided, like the broad invols, almost
throughout the whole length with numerous long, dark-
coloured hairs. Ls with stellate hairs underneath which
are sometimes few, sometimes numerous. Invol.-ls acute.
Ligules of the circumference concoloured, rarely (v.
vittatiflorum) reddish underneath. Intermediate species
between H. glaciale and Hoppeanum. H. acutifolium Vill.?
II. spheerocephalum Frol. (1838). H. hybridum Gaud, p.**)
High Alp. 13 — 2600 m), only in the eastern Alp. (to the
east of the St. Gothard). 7 furcatum Hopp. (1831). 1358.

— Stem 1-headed (comp. H. Pilosella). Ls more or less
white or grav-tomentose underneath. Type of H. Pilo¬
sella ......... f)

*) There is no occasion to confuse the runners with the stolons ; see
H. florentinum and Bauhini.

**) There is no occasion to confuse H. furcatum with other intermediate
forms, perhaps not hybrids, between H. Hoppeanum and the Auriculina, as
H. latisquamum, exrylepium, brachycomum and permutatum, all in¬
habiting' only the eastern Alp.— Here may also be sought the forms derived
from H. Pilosella, especially H. auriculiforme and brachiatum, not to be
confused with certain forms of H. Pilosella which have dichotomous stems. —
The forms derived from H. aurantiacum with dichotomous steins, i.e. the inter¬
mediate forms between H. aurantiacum and the Pilosellina differ from the last
in the, more or less, red fis and the general presence of stolons characteristic
of H. aurantiacum. See thereon the observation I at the end of the genus. —
All the forms of the subgenus Pilosella with dichotomous stems are inter¬
mediate forms (“Zwischen formen”), sometimes hybrids sometimes not, except
H. alpicola, a high alpine species of Wallis, which is well separated from
the others, and easily distinguished by its invols being very woolly-vilious,
like the Barbata, its ligules all of one colour, yellow, its ls glandular and its
rt-stock absolutely without stolons.

Composita*.

243

9. Invol.-ls oval, broad (3 — 4 mm), more or less obtuse,
blackish with a whitish or greenish border, gen. clearly
imbricated. PI. more robust than H. Pilosella, with short,
thick stolons bearing crowded, large Is. II. pilosellseforme
Hoppe (1814). — Eastern Alp. 7

Hoppeanum Schult. (1814) 1359.

— Invol.-ls acute or acuminate, not imbricated . 10

10. Stolons short, thick, with close- set Is almost all of

the same length. Invol.-ls about 3 mm broad at the base,
distinctly acuminate. Ls gen. longer than in H. Pilo¬
sella, with more numerous and longer bristle-like hairs
on the upper face. Invols with long, fine, very numerous
hairs, without glands. — Alpine valleys; Graub. (Avers),
Wall.; 500— 2500m. 5 . . Peleterianum Mer. 1300.

— Stolons, more or less, long and slender, leafy, ls gen.

decreasing in size towards the end of the stolon. Invol.-
ls about 1 — 2 mm broad, acute (neither acuminate nor
obtuse) ......... 1 l

11. Invol. gen. glandular, more or less tomentose (with

stellate hairs), and having, at the same time, long, simple
hairs. Species very variable; var. : stem forked (v. caules-
cens); ls hardly tomentose, almost greenish underneath
(v. virescens); invol. dark-coloured, very villous (v.
melanops); or covered with very numerous, glandiferous,
black hairs (v. nigrescens). — b. velutinum Heg. (incanum
Dec.) Ls more or less tomentose above. — Hills, road¬
sides; distrib., ascending to 2600 m; b especially in the
Alps. 5 ..... Pilosella L. 1361.*)

— Invol. almost always without glands, very tomentose,
with very fine, short (silken!) hairs. Rad. rosette small;
stem slender; head small; flowering 4 — 5 tveeks later.
H. Pilosella niveum Mull. arg. — b. amphipoliutn N. P.
Analogous variety of H. Pilosella velutinum. — Wall., up
to 2000 m. (Eginenthal, Simplon, vallee de la Viege,
Sion, Martigny), Noirmont (Jura); b. Sion. 6

tardans N. P. 1362.

Section II. Aurioulina. (5.)

12. Ls rather glaucous, more or less spathulate (dilated

towards the upper portion, almost obtuse at the top),
glabr. or with scattered, bristle-like hairs, absolutely
without stellate hairs. Invol.-ls obtuse, dark-co¬
loured writh a pale margin, more rarely (v. melanei-
lema) dark all over. Rt-stock producing longer or shorter,
above-ground stolons. — Dry fields and damp pasturages,
up to 2500 m; distrib. 5 . . Auricula Lam. 1363.

*) Nag. and Peter mention 46 varieties in Switzerland.

244

Composite.

— Ls green or scarcely glaucous, always, at least under¬

neath on the mid-nerve or at the edges, with stellate
hairs. Invol.-ls acute or rather obtuse, entirely dark-
coloured. Alpine pis (hardly below 1700 m) wanting in
the Jura ......... 13

13. Stem 3 — 15 cw, bearing 2 — 5 heads, leafless or only with
1, often reduced, leaf in the lower part. Stolons 0 or
short, rarely rather long. Ls often narrower and more
acute than in the last, with stellate hairs which are
found particularly at the edges and on the mid-nerve,
sometimes very numerous on both sides. Inflorescence
contracted or lax. Invol. always covered with long, fine,
more or less numerous hairs. H. angustifolium Sprgl.
(1826). H. breviscapum Koch. p. — Alps (1750 — 2600 m). 7

glaciale Reyn. (1787) 1364.*)

— Stem 20 — 30 cm, bearing 3 — 10 heads, with 1 fairly de¬
veloped leaf about the middle. Stolons always 0. Ls green.
Intermediate between H. glaciale and H. cymosum sa-
binum (see 18), but not hybrid. H. densicapillum N. P.,
H. glaciale Laggeri Christen., H. echioides Heg. ? — Alps
(1800 — 2600 m), gen. with the last; G. W. 7

Laggeri Schultz, bip. 1364.a

Section 3. Alpicolina. (5.)

14. Ls covered above with bristle-like, very long and nu¬

merous, hairs, which are rare or wanting on the under¬
side. Invols almost globular, covered with very long,
fine and numerous hairs, also invols cottony-villous as
in the Barbata, H. piliferum and II. glanduliferum, but
differing from these last distinctly in the ls being covered
underneath with numerous stellate hairs. H. furcatum
Koch p. — High Alps (2000 — 2600m), very rare; Wall.
(Simplon! Saasthal! Zermatt, Loueche?), Mt. Legnone
( Veltlin). 1 ... . alpicola Schleich. 1365.

Section 4. Collinia. (3, 7.)

14. Stem erect, 30 — 70 cm, bearing 8 — 30 heads arranged in
a more or less umbel-shaped, dense or lax corymb. Ls
gen. with stellate hairs above (see var. b.). Stolons 0
or under-ground and scaly. Species allied to H. cymosum
sabinum by its habit, long hairs &c. but easily dis¬
tinguished by the colour of its fls. H. multiflorum
Schleich ! H. cymosum rubellum auct., II. cymosum
aurantiacum Gaud. — b. Guthnickianum Heg. Variety allied
to H. aurantiacum by its habit and its inflorescence not
being umbel-shaped and laxer; ls without stellate hairs

*) H. niphobium N. P. is composed of intermediate forms, some hybrids,
some not, between H. glaciale and H. Auricula.

Composit®.

245

above. — Alps (1450— 2300 in) ; Graub., Wall., Vaud (Alp
de Montreux) and probably in other places, but con¬
fused with H. cymosum sabinum; b. Graub. 7

cruentum Nag. Pet. 1365a.

— Stem gen. ascending, bearing 3 — 10 (rarely more) heads
arranged in a, more or less, lax corymb. Ls without
stellate hairs above and only few below. Stolons some¬
times under-ground, brittle, bearing pale, scaly ls; some¬
times above-ground, firmer, with Is more developed J(i

16. Ls soft, green, rarely rather bluish, oblong-lanceolate.
Stem 20 — 45 cm, hollow and easily compressed. Invols
medium sized or fairly large, broad, with more or less
obtuse ls. Hairs (at least in the most distributed forms)
soft, very numerous and very long, often blackish at
the base. Ligules dark purple, or pale-purple*) (see
var. d.). H. Hinterhuberi Schultz hip.— b. sjyanochcetium
Nag. Pet. Form approaching H. Auricula by its bluish,
spathulate, less-hairy Is. — c. pseudoaurantiacum Nag.
Pet. Approaching H. cymosum sabinum in habit, and
invols covered with numerous stellate hairs; also resem¬
bling H. cruentum. — d. auropurpureum N<ig. Pet. Ap¬
proaching H. furcatum in its lax inflorescence; hairs
very long; resembling II. fulgens (aurant.-fuscum). —
e. decolorans Fr. (aurant. luteum Koch). Ligules orange
yellow, those of the circumference streaked with red
underneath. — Alp. ( 1450 —2100 in) ; reported also from the
Jura (Mt. Tendrc and Chasseron); b. Graub. (Spliigen,
Engadine); c. Graub. (Avers), Wall. (Eginenthal. Sion,
St. Bernard); d. Graub. (Avers); e. Graub. (Parpan,
Engadine). 7 . aurantiacum L. 1366.

— Ls more or less bluish-green and often spathulate (as
in H. Auricula). Stem 12 — 30 cm, solid. Invols variable.
Hairs sometimes rare, sometimes numerous and long.
Ligules dark or pale purple, or orange-yellow, those of
the circumference red underneath. Rt-stock with stolons
partly under-ground, short, scaly; partly above-ground,
more or less elongated. H. aurantiacum bicolor Gaud.
— A collective species of the intermediate forms between
H. aurantiacum and H. Auricula (b. chrysanthes N. P .),
and between H. aurant. and II. niphobium (c. fuscum
Villarsii ), also having the habit of H. niphobium, with
yellow ligules, but those of the circumference red under¬
neath (d. clirysompliobium N. P.), or, lastly, very near to
H. aurantiacum, but the heads smaller and slighter, and

*) There are no forms with entirely yellow fls in this species, Nag1, and
Pet. refer, with hesitation, the var. flavum Gaud, to a form of H. auran¬
tiacum with broader invol.-ls and pale purplish fls. See also the var. e.

246

Composite.

the ligules yellow, except those of the circumference
which are red underneath (E. permixtum N. P. — H.
aurantiac. microcephalum Lagg.) — Alps (1700 — 2580m),
especially in Graub. (Engadine, Albula, Spliigen, Avers,
Parpan), more rare in Wall. (Eginenthal, Simplon), Yaud
(Alp de Montreux), Glarus (Sandalp), Appenzell. 7

fuscum Vill. 1367.*)

17 (7). Stem hollow, easily compressed, often reddish in the
lower part. Ls green, larger and broader than in H. flo-
rentinum, often slightly sinuate-denticulate. Hairs long.
Invols dark, with numerous simple and a few glandi¬
ferous hairs. H. fallax strigosum Gaud, herb.! H. pra-
tense Tausch (1828). — Meadows and peat-bogs; only
in the lower part of the St. Gall Rhine-valley ; also not
far beyond our boundaries near Bregenz, Lindau and
Constance, found also in the north-east of Switz. (See
B. S. M. 19.) 7 . . collinum Gochn. (1808) 1868.

Section 5. Cymosina, (7.)

18. Stem 40 — 70 cm. Ls gen. broader and more obtuse than
in H. florentinum and H. Zizianum, green or slightly
yellowish-green. Inflorescence more or less umbel-shaped!
Invols small, slight. H. Nestleri Kocli. — a. typicum. In¬
florescence lax; peduncles and invols with long whitish,
gen. very numerous hairs, mixed with glandiferous hairs
which are not numerous, or, at any rate, not easily
seen; stem-hairs short. — b. sdbinum Seb. and Maur. Like
var. a., but inflorescence more or less compact! hairs
longer (those of the lower part of the stem longer than
its diam.). — c. cymigerum Rchb. (cyinosum Vaillantii
Excursfl., H. fallax Schl. !) Inflorescence very lax; invols
and peduncles less villous than in the 2 last, but more
glandular; hairs always very short. — d. Sandozei Grml.
N. Beitr. Ill, 13. Approaching H. florentinum pilo-
selloides (hybrid?) by its inflorescence. — Hills; a. lower
and mountain region, rare; Wall.! Bruggerberg ! Irchel !
Schaffh.! Altstatten; b. Alp. especially southern (14 to
2000 m); Graub., Wall, and probably other parts, con¬
fused with II. cruentum; c. Grindelwald! Wall.? d. Fully.
5 (at least var. a. before H. florentinum and H. Zizianum)

cymosum L. 1369.

— Comp. H. Laggeri (13) differing from H. cymosum sa-
binum in its lower stems, its shorter rad. ls and its
heads being rather larger. See also II. Zizianum (20)
and cruentum (15).

*) The forms derived from H. aurantiacum may also be sought for here.

Composite.

247

Section 6. J,r((jaltinn. (6.)

19. Rt-stock with above-ground stolons, prostrate and
leafy, terminated by a rooting rosette! (as in II. Auri¬
cula); in other respects like H. florentinum. H. magya-
ricum N. P., H. stonolosum Heg., H. preealtum stono-
losum Excursfl —Hills, very rare; once (30 years ago)
near Schaffh., between the town and the falls of the
Rhine, on the Zurich-side ! ! Altstatten, St. Gall. (Zollik.). 6

Bauhini Scliult. (1809) 1370.* *)

— Rt-stock always without above-ground, rooting
stolons, but sometimes producing in the axils of the
rosette-ls rad., ascending, and flower-bearing branches,
like lateral stems ....... 20

20. Inflorescence panicled (/. e. with all the branches se¬
parated). Stem solid or slightly hollow. Ls (lanceolate,
acute) almost always without stellate hairs above and
gen. very few underneath; upper ls without glands. A
very variable species. — A. Branches of the inflorescence
arched-ascending after flowering; peduncles slender with¬
out long non-glandiferous or stellate hairs, or the latter
not numerous, but always with glandiferous hairs; heads
very small (the smallest of the genus); ls always with¬
out stellate hairs: a. piloselloides Vill. — B. Branches
straight or almost so after flowrering; peduncles gen.
stronger, with or without long non-glandiferous hairs, but
always with numerous stellate hairs and with or without
glandiferous hairs; heads larger (H. prsoaltum Excursfl.).
— I. Invols with more or less numerous blackish, glanduli-
ferous hairs, but with few or no long hairs: b. obscurum
Rrhb. (here as an alpine variety slender, reduced, with
black invols; v. Berninte Grisb.).— II. Invols with gland,
hairs more or less pale, less numerous and less visible.
— 1. Ls with numerous stellate hairs, but with short
(bristly) simple hairs: c. mite Gaud.! — 2. Ls with long,
more or less numerous, bristly hairs, Avith no, or few,
stellate hairs: d. hirsutum GrmL (fallax Dec. not Willd.**)
— 3. Ls with no bristly hairs or only at the edges and
on the middle nerve of the under side; invols with few
or no long hairs: e. preealtum Vill. — 4. As the last, but
invols with numerous long hairs; inflorescence very lax,

*) Our form resembles au H. prsealtum (florentinum) stoloniferum. The
typical form which resembles au H. piloselloides stolonifere, is found chiefly
in Austria and Hungary. H. Auricula Schleich. herb.! ought to be mentioned
here (without indication of locality), and H. praealtum auriculoides Griseb. — H.
auriculoides Lang (preealtum setosum Koch p., H. hispidissimum Fr.) = H.
pannonicum N. P. = H. Bauhini-echioides.

*) H. fallax Willd. = H. cymosum-echioides.— H. praealtum hirsutum

Koch, at least in part, = H. calodon Tausch. = H. echioides-florentinum.

248

Composite.

lower branches springing lower; Is thick: f. fasti giosum
Grrtil. — Hills, dry and rocky places, distrib. ; a. the most
normal forms in the gravel-beds of alpine torrents, es¬
pecially of the southern Alp., descending to the valleys ;
c. in Wall., as also the var. b. d. e. and f., the 4 last
found by me (Gremli) near Haslach (Schaffh.) where
they are all mixed together and in company with H.
Zizianum. 6 . florentinum All. 1 371.

— Inflorescence more or less umbel-shaped (branches more
or less closely set). Stem hollow, easily compressed. Ls
with more or less numerous bristly hairs, also with
stellate hairs on both sides; upper caul. Is often with
a few glandiferous hairs at the edges. Rad. ls often
partly withered at the time of flowering; ligules often
rolled up. Species approaching H. cymosum, from which
it differs both in its glaucous ls and its longer bristly
hairs. H. echioides Gaud, not Lumm., H. collinum Heg.
not Gochn — Hills, rare: G. (Samaden), W. (St. Leonard,
Vetroz, Lourtier), S. (Haslach). 6 Zizianum Tausch. 1372.

Subgenus II. Euhieraeium.

21 (1). Hairs of the ls, more or less, plumose, i. e. fur¬
nished with small teeth, the length of which is several
times as great as the breadth of the hair. Glandiferous
hairs at the edge of the leaf 0. Invol. cottony-villous 64

— Hairs of the ls all, or at least partly, glandiferous

(which may be seen at the edge of the upper ls ! Ped¬
uncles glandular) ....... 22

— Hairs of the Is, when present, neither plumose (their

teeth, at most, equal in length to the breadth of the
hair), nor glandiferous ...... 27

22. Pis pbyllopodous *) ...... 23

— Pis aphyllopodous *) ...... 26

23. Ligules with glabr. teeth. (Stems leafy. Alveoles of the

receptacle glabr. or almost so) ... 24

— Ligules with distinctly ciliate teeth . . . 25

24. Hairs of the Is all glandiferous. Jntybacea . . 50

— Hairs of the ls partly not glandiferous. Rupicola 63

25. Alveoles of the receptacle strongly fringed-ciliate. Stem

bearing 2 — several ls (and with a, gen. woolly, neck).
Amplexicaulia ........ 60

— Alveoles of the recept. glabr. or almost so. (Caul, ls,
when present, narrowed towards the base.) Alpine pis 48

*) The pis of this genus are called phyllopodous, when their rad. ls
are still fresh at flowering time. Aphyllopodous when their rad. ls are
destroyed or withered at flowering time. Those species of which the rad. ls
are sometimes still fresh, but not numerous, sometimes dried up, are called

hypophyllopodous.

CompositSB.

249

26 (22). Ligules glabr. Ls not clasping, with hairs all glandi¬

ferous ! Intybacea ....... 5.9

— Ligules with teeth distinctly ciliate (rarely— in hybrid
forms? almost glabr.). Ls more or less clasping. Ficro-

idea ........ . 57

27 (21). Pis phyllopodous, more rarely hypophyllopodous (see

the note to 22) ...... . 2S

Pis aphyllopodous. (Stem with more or less numerous
ls. Late-flowering species )..... ,31

28. Invol. -ls numerous, in several rows, i m b r i c a t e d (some¬

times less distinctly imbricated hut then the outer Is
long). Ls gen. glaucous, the rad. more or less narrowed
towards the base, gen. without a distinctly separate
petiole*) ......... 20

— Invol. -Is not imbricate, the inner ones gen. of equal

length, the outer gen. very short . . . 30

29. Ligules with ciliate teeth (sometimes indeed only feebly

ciliate). Alveoles of the recept. fringed-ciliate. Peduncles
glandular ........ 4(i

— Ligules glabr. (by exception, only ciliate, but then tho

peduncles without glands). Alveoles of the recept. glabr.
or almost so ....... ,32

30. Caul. ls. when present, petioled or sessile with a nar¬
rowed base. Ligules glabr., rarely ciliate . . f>*6*

— Caul. Is always present, and more or less clasping.

Ligules gen. ciliate. Subprenanthoidea . . 51

31 (27). Ligules gen. ciliate. (Ls clasping, the lower and

middle ones often rather fiddle-shaped) . . 52

— Ligules absolutely glabr. (Invol.-ls more or less dis¬
tinctly imbricate. Peduncles gen. not glandular) 75

32 (29). Invol.-ls obtuse. Ls narrow, rather firm, often fairly

glabr. (always so above). Peduncles scaly in the upper
part. Glauca ........ .34-

— Invol.-ls acute or acuminate ..... ,3,3

33. Stem, when 1-headed also, gen. with 2— several ls. Ped¬
uncles without glands (only by exception glandular).
Hairs of the invol. long, white. Villosa . . .37

— Stem gen. not tall, 1-headed and leafless; more

rarely taller, with 2 — 3 heads, and 1 — 3 caul, ls (always
narrowed at the base). Peduncles glandular (comp. II.
piliferum). Invol. villous-bearded with long, very numerous,
hairs which are spreading or almost pendant, whitish-
gray, often of a dirty colour. Barbata . . . 44

*) Among- the species included here H. dentatum and II. Gaudini in
particular recall the Pulmonarea ; some species without glands of the following
section, such as II. Tracbselianum, Mureti and cresium recall the Aurelia.—
IT. gombense may be sought here.

18

250

Composite.

Section 1. Olauca .

34 (32). Invol. Is (broad, appressed) with long, not glandi¬
ferous, fairly numerous, hairs and at the same
time with very dense stellate hairs especially
near the edges, which gives the invol. a whitish-gray,
glandless appearance. Stem branchy with spreading
branches, bearing 1 or few 1s. Rad. Is oblong-lanceo¬
late or lanceolate, more or less deeply sinuate-dentate,
with, often fairly abundant, hairs at the edges and under¬
neath ; hairs distinctly denticulate. H. glaucopsis Fr. p.
not Gren.— Mount. and subalp.; G. W. (Bergiin! Sem-
branchier!) 7 . . . . Delasoiei Lagg. ! 1373.

— Invol. -Is without long simple hairs, or, when these are
present, the stellate hairs are rare. Ls without stellate
hairs underneath ....... So

— Invol. -ls without long simple hairs, but with very abund¬
ant stellate hairs. Ls with more or less numerous
stellate hairs underneath. Comp. H. Mureti. 69.

35. Invol.-ls with scattered simple hairs and glands, but
almost withoutstellate hairs. Stem with spreading branches,
scarcely more than 20 cm , not very leafy, slightly
arched, bearing few heads. Rad. Is lanceolate, often
slightly oblique, acuminate, sinuate-dentate, gen. with
scattered hairs Invol.-ls pale. Differing from H. Trach-
selianum in its very obtuse invol. ls. H. inclinatum Arv.-
Touv. 1879?, H. glaucopsis Chr. p. not Fr., H. saxatile
Lagg. exs. non Jacq. *), H. A llionii Monn.? — Torrent
gravel-beds, rare ; W. (vallee de Conche !), Freibg. (Bulle !). 7

arenicola God. 1374.

— Invol. without, or with simple, hairs, but in the latter

case the stem has upright branches and more or less
numerous ls ....... 36

36. Stem with spreading branches. Caul, ls not nu¬
merous, narrow. Invol. ls without simple, but with
more or less abundant stellate, hairs, the outer
ones appressed. Rad. ls sometimes very narrow, some¬
times fairly broad, with entire or (more commonly)
sinuate-denticulate edges. II. glaucum Willdenowii Grml.
— Stony places of the Alp. and subalp. to the foot of
the mount.; hitherto only in eastern Switz.: G. (Filisur !
Lenzerheide! Engadine!) Uri! Appenzell? 7

glaucum All. 1375.**)

*) H- saxetanum Fr. (saxatile Jacq. obs. nec Vill.) has been reported
by Arvet-Touvet as near Sembranchier ; hitherto we have only seen it in
Austria.

**) H. glaucum intermedium Grml. N. Beitr. Ill, 15. Invol. ls as in

H. glaucum, but with scattered glands; branches almost erect; ls often stronger
haired, with stellate hairs underneath : Saasthal !

Composite.

251

— Stem with erect branches. Caul. Is more or less numerous

(3 — 10) and gen. broader than in the last. Invol. Is with
simple (often rather numerous; comp, the var.), but
without stellate, hairs, or the latter only scattered ; the
outer Is spreading (?). Rad. Is gen. with entire edges.
(Not to bo confounded with H. scorzonerifolium calvum).
H. glaucum bupleuroides Grml., II. graminifolium Gaud,
a. and b. ! — b. juratense Grml. N. Beitr. Ill, 15. (gramini¬
folium legitimum Gaud, from Saleve!) Heads larger;
invol. Is broad, very distinctly imbricate, without simple
hairs, the outer ones appressed. — As the last, but more
widely distrib. (in G. also); b. Jura! Saleve! Alp. of
Bex! 7 . bupleuroides Gmel. 1376. *)

Section 2. Villosa.

37 (33). Ls firm as in the Glauca; when dried and held to
the light only showing an indistinct net-work of veins:
almost always glabr. above, with edges entire or
toothed; the caul, narrowed or enlarged at the base.
(Invol. ls fairly equal, i. e. the outer ones not sensibly
broader) ......... 3S

— Ls soft, showing a more distinct net-work of veins when

dry, glabr. or hairy above, often more or less toothed,
the caul., when present, gen. narrowed at the base.
(Invol. Is fairly equal) ...... 33

— Ls (distinctly glaucous) soft, showing a distinct net¬

work of veins when dry, gen. hairy on both sides and
with entire (rarely toothed) edges: the caul, enlarged
at the base, very often almost half-clasping. (Inner
invol. ls fine-acuminate.) Type of 11. villosum . 43

38. Ls with entire edges or distantly denticulate, the rad.
still fresh at the time of flowering; the caul. (2 — 4)
lanceolate, gen. fairly broad at the base. Invol. ls acute
or acuminate. This species has the narrow, somewhat
firm Is of II. glaucum, the structure and hair qualities
of the invols of II. elongatum. Stem stiff, rather flexible,
often rather reddish as also the teeth of the ls. II. gla-
bratum Koch.**) H. flexuosum var. c. and d. Gaud.!
— Rarely varied; rather glabr., the invol. only slightly
villous (v. calvum; a var. wich needs not be confused
with H. bupleuroides, the invol. ls of which are obtuse

*) H. Tatrae Grisb. (bupleuroides glaberrimum Fr.) has the invols of
H. juratense, but is hypophyllopodous, and has 15 — 20 caul, ls ; according to
Levier, near Bormio.— H. porrifolium L. has very narrow ls (almost like
grass), it is found by Lake Como ; but not in Switzerland.

**) H. glabratum Hopp. Slender, often 1-headed; ls glabr.; invol. Is
narrowed to a longer, but rather blunt, point. Hitertho we have only met
with it in the Tyrol.

252

Composite.

and more imbricated); further: Is slightly sinuate-
dentate, the stem, at the same time, taller (v. dentiferum
N. Beitr. Ill, 13).— b. helveticum (H. flexuosum helveticum
Fr. ! H. speciosum Rap. not ITornem., II. Rapini Grml.
B. S. M.* *) Ls fairly glabr., the rad. often partly withered
at the time of flowering, the caul, numerous, long, with
almost entire and often almost parallel edges, the base
broad, almost half-clasping, lnvols darker, slightly villous,
with stellate hairs. — Alp., subalp. and Jura; b. Alps of
Zermatt and Gruyere. 6 . scorzonerifolium Vill. 1377.

— Ls distinctly toothed, the rad. withered at the time

of flowering (especially in cultivated pis) ; the caul. 5 — S
(in the cultivated pi. as many as 15), long-lanceolate,
the lower ones narrowed gradually at the base. Invol.
ls (villous and covered with stellate hairs) ending in a
rather blunt point. A critical species, intermediate between
H. dentatum and H. scorzonerif. — Alp., very rare ; Binn-
thal! Zermatt? Bagnethal! Briilltobel, Ct. Appenzell
(Zoll.); not Chasseral. 7, 8 . speciosum Hornem. 1378.

39 (37). Ls distinctly glaucous, the caul., when present, nar¬
rowed at the base ....... 40

— Ls green or only bluish underneath (gen. hairy on both

sides. Invol. ls with few stellate hairs, the inner ones
finely acuminate) ....... 42

40- Invol. ls faintly villous, with isolated pale glands, and
pale edges. — Alp., rare; Grindelwald. Oeschinensee, Kan-
dersteg, Rosenlaui, Unterwald. 7

bernense Christener! 1379.

— Invol. ls without glands . . . . .41

41. Ls gen. hairy on both sides, toothed, the caul. 0—2

(rarely 3), reduced or only one developed. PI. gen. weaker
than H. villosum and H. dentatum, less villous than the
former. The almost leafless specimens ought not to be
confounded with H. piliferum which differs in its ls
not being petioled, narrower and entire, and in its
bearded-villous invol. H. subnudum Sclil.! Heg. not
Frol., H. Schraderi dentatum Gaud.! II. dentatum pu-
siolum Fr.! H. pilosum Frol. — Alp. and subalp.; G. 5V.
V. B. 0. U. A. 7 . . . Gaudini Christen. 1380.**)

— Ls gen. glabr. above, coarsely toothed, the caul. 2 — 4,
fairly developed (sometimes as large as the rad.), oval-
lanceolate. PI. less hairy than H. villosum. Stem often

:1) H. chloraefolium Arv.-Touv. ! (Simplon) which is also almost
glabr., resembling that form, but with shorter, broader Is. — H. callianthum
Arv.-Touv. ! differing from H. scorzonifer. in its stronger villosity, its broader
caul, ls and its rather larger heads; near Lourtier in Wallis.

*) H. incisum Hoppe Fr. nec Koch, with large heads becoming blackish,

is perhaps an H. murorum-villosum. Bernina-Heuthal.

.Compositaj.

253

thick and slightly arched; rad. Is often with a distinctly
separated petiole, the caul. gen. narrowed at the base.
Invol. Is equal (narrow-acuminate), the outer ones
often paler, forming an outer invol. Collective species?
H. pallescens Gaud.! not W. K., macrophyllum Sclil. !
— b. salcevense Rap.! Caul. Is only 2 (at most 3), broader,
hairy above; the rad. numerous; peduncles with black,
and sometimes glandiferous, hairs at the base; invol. Is
less acuminate, darker. —Alp., rare; Engadine! Tessin!
Wallis ! Yaud ! Freibg. Ganterisch ! Appenzell ; b. Saleve! 7

dentatum Hoppe. 1381. *)

42 (39). Ls gen. distinctly toothed; hairs of the rad. Is not

denticulate. Peduncles gen. without glands. Stem gen.
1-headed. Caul, ls up to 8 in number, sometimes broad.
H. pilosum auct. p. Alp. and subalp.; W. V. B. 0. A. 7

pseudoporrectum Chr. ! 1382.

— Ls with almost entire edges; hairs of the rad. ls dis¬

tinctly denticulate. Peduncles often with isolated glands.
Stem with 2 — 4 ls, and 2 — 5 heads with long straight
peduncles which bear linear scales in the upper part.
Rad. ls with a long and gradual attenuation at the base.
Invol. ls more finely acuminate than in the last. Ligules
glabr. — Reculet in the Jura. 7 * porrectum Fr.! 1388.

43 (37). Invol. ls fairly equal, the outer ones only as broad

or indeed narrower than the inner, applied or loosely
erect. PI. often with several stems, taller, more leafy,
and often rather less glaucous than H. villosum ; caul,
ls several (as many as 8, rarely fewer than 4), broadly
rounded at the base, oval or oval-lanceolate, the rad.
often partly perished at the time of flowering. Hairs
often rather less abundant and shorter than in II. villo¬
sum. those of the lower ls often more distinctly denti¬
culate. Heads gen. more numerous, closer packed,
smaller, with darker invols. Ligules sometimes slightly
ciliate. — Var. : ls coarsely sinuate-dentate, (v. grossidens
Fr. !) H. obscurum Zoll. — As in II. villosum. 7

elongatum Frol. 1384.

— Invol. ls unequal, the outer ones distant, spreading,
distinctlybroader, often almost leaf-like. PI. covered
with a dense, long, villosity, very rarely (v. nudum = H.
coerulescens Steiger?) without hairs, the invol. only

*) H. dentatum hirtum Lagg, ! Fr. is probably a distinct species.
Stem ascending, ls firmer, less glaucous, narrower, gen. hairy on both sides,
the caul, small ; peduncles with glandiferous hairs mixed with the others.
H. denticulatum Schl. p. non alior. should probably be connected with this
form. Differing from H. scorzonertefolium in its habit, its stitfer and shorter
hairs, its sinuate-dentate ls, hairy underneath. Rocky places; Rappaz ! Alp
of Bex !

254

Composite.

O

slightly villous. Heads large. Upper caul. Is broad, al¬
most half-clasping. H. pilosum Lagg. exs. (form with
narrow Is). — Alp., subalp. and Jura. 7

villosum Jacq. 1385. * *)

Section 3. Barbata.

44 (33). Ls intensely glaucous, very villous above, almost
or entirely glabr. underneath! Stem with neck very
villous-woolly, often reddish, entirely covered with fine,
very numerous and extremely long, hairs, gen. inter¬
mixed with very short glands. — W. (reported from above
Fully); Piemont! Savoy! Dauphine! gen. above 2000 m. 7

*subnivale G. G. 1386.

— Ls green or faintlyglaucous,hairyunderneath, glabr. above,

or hairy on both sides, or glabr. on both sides . 45

45- Stem 10 — 15 cm, gen. leafless and 1-headed (comp. var. b.),
entirely covered with abundant long and simple
hairs, but without glands or these scarcely visible.
Ls gen. broader than in H. glanduliferum, always hairy.
H. Schraderi Kocli. — b. ramiferum Grml. (alpinum multi-
florum Schl. !) Stem bearing 2 — 4 heads and 2 — 3 fairly
developed (but always narrowed at the base) caul. ls.
PI. very villous. — High Alp ; b. Albula! Simplon! Saas-
thal! Javernaz! 7 . . . piliferum Hoppe. 1387.

— Stem 10 — 15 cm, thick, almost always leafless and 1-headed
(rarely with 2 heads and 2 — 3 small ls), covered with
short, black, gen. very abundant glands, but
almost without long simple hairs, or these only few
and high up. Ls gen. narrow.— Varied : Is very villous to
(v. calvescens) almost or entirely glabr. Easily dis¬
tinguished from H. alpinum by its glandless ls and
glabr. ligules.— High Alp. 7 glanduliferum Hopp. 1388. *)

Stem taller, 20 — 35 cm, slenderer, gen. bearing 2 — 4 heads,
covered above with glands (often not numerous) and
simple scattered hairs. Ls often fairly glabr., the rad.
narrowed insensibly to the base. Heads distinctly smaller
than in the last, and with a shorter villosity. FIs gen.
tubular, with prominent, livid, styles. H. Murithianum
Favre! 1873. H. penninum Rap. in.! — b. trichocladum
Arv.-Touv.! Stem lower, bearing 1—2 heads, covereckwith

*) The beautiful H. eriophyllum Willd. (villoso-lanatum Reut.) with
hairs very long, extremely numerous, rather crisp and faintly plumose, is
found in the vallee de Cogne (to the S.E. of Montblanc) ; common in the
maritime Alps. !

*) H. glanduliferum insigne Favre ! from the Simplon, has the broad
ls and dense villosity of H. piliferum, but with numerous long (!) glandiferous
hairs; perhaps a hybrid form?— H. fuliginatum (glandulifer.-pilifer.)
Hut. Gaud.! which Christener notes in Br. on the Simplon, we have only
seen in the Tyrol.

Composite.

255

abundant stellate hairs. — Southern Alp.; Simplon!
St. Bernard! b. Zermatt (Buser!). 7

* armerioides Arv.-Touv. 1389.*)

Section 4. I.anifera.

40 (29). Stem leafless or only with 1 — 2 narrow Is placed at
the ramifications. Ls hairy on both sides, thin, with
almost entire edges, the rad. large, obovate or oblong-
obovate, without a distinct petiole. Stem very woolly at
the base. H. saxatile Vill. not Jacq.— Mont Chemin near
Martigny: E. Thomas 1849! but never found again since
then. 7 . * Lawsonii Vill. 1390.

— Stem gen. beating several developed caul. ls. Ls gen.

glabr. above ........ 47

Section 5. Ceriuthella.

47. Invol. villous with long hairs. Ls gen. entire, the rad.
narrow lanceolate, very long (up to 15 cm), narrowed
very gradually to a long petiole, bearded with long
hairs. Stem stiff'. Heads large, with long, almost rayed,
ligules. PI. gen. more vigorous than H. scorzonereefolium
and distinguished from it and the other Villosa by its
pubescent-glandular peduncles and its ciliate ligules.
H. cerinthoides G. G. p., H. flexuosum var. a. and b.
Gaud.! — Alp., rare; G. W. ! Y! U. 7

longifolium Schl. ! 1391.

— Invol. blackish, without long hairs, or these not nu¬

merous, scattered. Ls thin, very acute, with distant teeth,
the rad. slightly spathulate, narrowed insensibly or
rather suddenly into the petiole. Stem slender. IT. jura-
num Rap. nec Fr., H. decipiens Monn. — Alp. and Jura,
but only Canton Yaud. 7 . vogesiacum Moug. 1392.

48 (25 J. Invol. ls numerous, imbricated, covered with a, more
or less, dense and long villositv. Stem 1-headed or bear¬
ing several heads on long branches springing from the
axils of, more or less developed, ls. High alpine pi.
Type of II. alpinum ...... 4U

— Invol. ls less numerous and not or scarcely imbricated,
without or almost without the long villosity. Stem ter¬
minated by a corymb of few or several heads. Inflor

*) H. Halleri tubulosum Gaud, herb.! (Wall.), very nearly allied
to H. nigritellum Arv.-Touv.! deserves further observation. H. nigritellum
resembles H. armerioides, but the stem and ls are much more hairy, the invol.
ls more obtuse. The stem (in the specimens found on the Simplon by Wolf)
is div. below the middle or in the lower quarter into 2 long 1-lieaded branches.
— H. ustulatum Arv.-Touv.! is near to H. nigritellum, but the invol. is
less villous, the stem on the other hand very glandular. — H. dasytrichum
Arv.-Touv. which, according to the author, is hybrid between H. villosum
and glanduliferum, is still more hairy and almost without glands ; the caul
ls are more developed and the invol. ls narrowed-acute.

256

Composite.

escence more thickly set, but with longer brauches than
in the Pulmonarea. (Ls toothed. Invols covered with
numerous black, glandiferous hairs) . . • 50

Section 6. Alpina .

49. Styles yellow (brownish in the var. tubulosum). Invol.
Is acute or subacute, the outer ones lax. Stem gen. not
tall, 1-headed and leatiess or with 1 — 2 reduced ls. Ls
thin, the rad. oblong-spathulate, subobtuse at the top,
with a long narrowed cuneiform base, the edges almost
entire; but varied: b. Halleri Vill. Ls oblong-lanceolate,
acute, coarsely sinuate-dentate, more distinctly petioled;
stem often taller, with 2 — 3 ls and 2—3 heads. — Further
varied: FIs often tubular; invol. closed (v. tubulosum).
Species distinguished by its spathulate Is, covered with
glandular hairs, and bv its ligules with long cilia!
-High Alp. 6, 7 . .“ . al pin uni L. 1393.

— Styles of a blackish brown. Invol. ls finely acuminate,
the outer appressed. Stem slightly arched, covered below
with more numerous stellate hairs than in H. alpinum
Halleri. Rad. ls with long narrowed base, inciso-dentate
or almost piunatifid. Terminal head often exceeded by
the arched-ascending peduncle of the lateral, lower
head! H. fuliginosum Rchb. /. not Last. — High Alp.,
rare; G.! W.! Y. 0. 7 . . . rhaeticum Fl\ 1394.

Section 7. Atvuta.

50. Stem leafless or with 1 leaf. Invol. ls acuminate. Habit
of H. murorum, but ls (always?) with a few scattered
glands, the rad. narrowed at the base. Stem bearing
2 — 5 heads on straight, almost erect, branches; invol.
swollen, black. H. uigrescens Lagg. ex.! not Wiild.
—Alp., rare; G. W. U. 8 . . atratum Fr. 1395.

— Stem bearing 3 — 5 ls ; rad. ls not numerous or partly
withered. Invol. ls gen. obtuse. Habit of an H. vulgatum
rather low and with large heads. Ls soft, rather shining,
sinuate-dentate, with long hairs which are often thickened
at the base. H. hispidum Fr. not Forsk. — Alp., rare;
G.! W.! 8 . . . . Bocconei Grisb. 1396.

Section S. Subprenanthoiden.

51 (30). Stem hollow, flexible, 20 — 30 cm. high, bearing 2 — 31s
and 2 — 6 heads. Peduncles and invols grayish white on
account of the numerous stellate hairs, accompanied
by simple grayish and rare glandiferous hairs. Branches,
when existing, arched-ascending, almost as in H. mu¬
rorum. Rad. ls several, oval or elliptic, insensibly nar¬
rowed to the petiole, with entire or faintly toothed edges.

Composite.

257

Alp., very rare; Eginenthal in Wall., 2000 — 2200 m. 8

macilentum Fr. 1397.*)

— Stem 20 — 25 cm, bearing 3 — 4 Is and 1 — 4 heads. Ped¬

uncles and invols with numerous stellate hairs, simple
grayish hairs and fairly numerous glands. Branches,
when existing, straight and fairly erect. Rad. Is gen.
only 1—2, oblong-lanceolate, with distant teeth, in¬
sensibly narrowed at the base. Invol. Is rather more
acute than in the last. Differing from 11. pseudoporrec-
tum, Bocconei and dentatum in its half-clasping lowest
caul. 1.; from H. pseudoporrectum in its fairly
glandular peduncles, its invols covered with numerous
stellate hairs, its invol. Is more obtuse and its ligules
ciliate; from II. Bocconei in its villous invols; from
14. dentatum in its less acute invol. Is, covered with
numerous stellate hairs; in its ciliate ligules and gland¬
ular peduncles. II. dentatum salsevense macrophyllum
Fr., H. atratum-macilentum ex Favrat. — Alp., very rare ;
Eginenthal in Wall. 8 . . gombense Lagg.! 1398.

— Stem 30 — 40 cm, bearing 3—7 Is and several or many
heads. Peduncles with abundant glands accompanied or
not by stellate hairs, but without simple hairs or more
rarely these latter few and scattered. Rad. Is gen. only
1—2, narrowed insensibly (often obliquely) to a long-
petiole. Invols as in H. prenanthoides from which it
differs in the caul. Is being less numerous**), distinctly
toothed, less or hardly fiddle-shaped, in the rad. Is which
exist during flowering-time having long petioles, and in
the reddish brown fr. It differs from H vulgatum in
having caul. Is slightly clasping, sometimes rather
flddle-shaped, gen. more net-veined underneath, in its
ligules gen. being ciliate, and in its red-brown (not black) fr.
Probably a collective species! II. juranum Fr. non Rap..
II. murorum-prenanthoides F. Schultz! H. elaturn Reut. !
not Fr., II. cydonifolium Thom. Heg. ! Schl. ! non
Vill. nec Koch, H. elaturn G. G. quoad loc. vales., II. denti-
culatum Gris, ex syn. Rchb. /., H. molle Lagg. exs.!
H. Laggeri Schultz bip. ! H. Chailleti Gaud, herb.! (planta
juran.) — Subalp.; G. W. ! V.! Freibg., Glarus (Sandalp) ;
Jura. 7, earlier than H. prenanthoides

jurassicuni Grisb. 1399.***)

*) H. epimedium Fr. lias broad invol. Is, quite obtuse, darker, very
glandular, in Savoy (Mirantin !) and the Tyrol! perhaps also in Switzerland.

**) The more numerous the caul. Is, the fewer the rad. Is, and vice-versa.

***) H. papyraceum Gren. ! (Mont d’Or) resembles H. vulgatum pseudo-
murorum, but has half-clasping caul. Is. — Other similar forms are H. ellipticum
Jord.! and H. subalpinum Arv.-Touv. !— H. dronicifolium Arv.-Touv.!
which, according to the author, is found in the neighbouring Savoy, at the
foot of the Dent d’Oche, belongs also to this group.

258

Composite.

52(31). Invols slight, invol. Is not numerous, not imbri¬
cate. Ls more or less fiddle-shaped, gen. entire,
with a net-work (often close) of veins underneath.
Achenes pale brownish yellow or light red-brown 53

— Invols rather thicker, invol. ls slightly imbricate (but

less so than in the Sabauda). Ls not, or indistinctly
fiddle-shaped. Comp, also H. valdepilosum . . 5G

Section 9. Evprenantlioidea.

53. Peduncles only with scattered and unequal glands, but

with numerous very long n on-glandiferous
hairs. Invol. ls acute or acuminate, more rarely ob¬
tuse. Stem gen. bearing only few, fairly large, heads.
Ls close set, the upper broad, oval. Achenes light
grayish yellow, as in H. prenanthoides, or light red.
Hairs long. Intermediate between H. villosum (or elonga-
tum) and H. prenanthoides, and perhaps hybrid. Ls
more net-veined than in H. elongatum, distinctly cordate-
clasping, the lower ones rather fiddle-shaped, rad. ls 0. Li-
gules ciliate. Achenes not blackish brown. H. virescens
Schl. ! — b. Wolfii Grml. (H. cydonifolium Arv.-Touv. ?
an "V ill. ? nec Fr.). PI. 20 cm high; ls narrow; heads
small; invol. ls obtuse. — Alp. and subalp., rare; G. ! W. !
Y. ! JB. ! 0.; b. St. Bernard. 7, earlier than H. prenan¬
thoides . valdepilosum Vill. 1400.

— Peduncles with abundant, and gen. short, glandiferous

hairs, often without, or with only scattered, simple hairs.
Invol. ls obtuse. Type of H. prenanthoides . . 54

54. Ls rather firm, often less glaucous and less net-veined
underneath than in H. prenanthoides, fairly regular in
form, narrow, crowded, hardly fiddle-shaped. Heads
not numerous, often rather larger ond on stronger, less
spreading, peduncles. Invol. often rather blackish after
being dried. H. cydonifolium Rchb. /. Icon. t. 155.,
cotoneifolium Frol. Heg. not Lam.*? — Alp., rare; Wall.,
Yaud, Freibg. (Eginenthal! Crans sur Lens! Simplon!
St. Bernard ! Mont Chaude ! Bovonnaz), Graub. (Briigg.). 8

strictum Fr. 1401.*)

— Ls thin, glaucous underneath and with a small meshed
net-work of veins, distinctly fiddle-shaped. Invol. slender**)

55

55. Ripe achenes of a pale grayish yellow, rarely light
reddish-brown. Heads fairly small, numerous on large

*) H. lanceolatum (boreale-prenanthoides) Arv.-Touv.! which, accord¬
ing to the author, grows in Switzerland, might, judging by the ls and the
pale achenes, be an hybrid form of II. prenanthoides.

**) H. prseruptorum Godr. (prenanthoides-vogesiacum Gr. G. Rchb. f.)
has Is not fiddle-shaped, coarsely inciso-dentate. See N. Beitr. Ill, 19.

Composite.

259

pis, panicled on slender, spreading peduncles. — Alp. and
subalp., Creux du Van in the Jura. 8

prenanthoides Vill. 1402.

— Achenes of a light red-brown. Heads not very numerous
on branches which do not spread so much. Ls with large
auricles which overlap one another, the upper ones broader
than in the last. — Debris at the foot of the Wetterhorn!
Allieres, Canton Freibg. ! Realp, Sembranchier , Alp
de Bex. Easily distinguished from II. ramosissimum by
its Is being without glands. 8 perfoliatum Frol. 1403.*)

Section 10. Subsabaudu.

56 (52). Achenes red-brown. Ls toothed, not, or indistinctly,
net-veined. Ligules glabr or feebly ciliate. Invol. ls
rather pale. Stem covered up to the top with long hairs,
often much thickened at the base. Differing from II. pren¬
anthoides in ils stem being stiffer and more furrowed :
its ls often broader, toothed, not fiddle-shaped and less
net-veined; its heads rather larger and thicker; and in
the colour of its achenes. Differing from II. boreale in
its distinctly clasping ls, its glandular peduncles, its,
often ciliate, ligules, and its lighter coloured achenes.
II. sylvaticum Schl. ! II. sabaudum var. c. b. Gaud.! —
b. bifrons Arv.-Touv.! PI. very hairy, with stiff, few-
headed branches; ls thin, more clasping, the lower
ones much narrowed at the base. — Mount, and subalp.;
T. \V. V.; b. Orsieres. 8 . . valesiacum Fr. 1404

— Achenes of a light grayish yellow, or light red-brown-

Ls deeply i n c i s o - d e n t a t e , faintly net-veined under¬
neath. Ligules glabr. or ciliate. Invol. ls with pale green
edges. Stem hollow (?). Glandiferous hairs of the ped¬
uncles very short. — Var.: a. typicum. Achenes pale; li¬
gules ciliate. — b. helveticum Gnn/. Achenes of a light
red-brown; ligules glabr. (always?); the latter also
varied : ls thinner, paler, or : ls firmer, darker green,
often streaked with red. — Rolle, Neuchatel! Bienne,
Wykon! Berneck, Sargans (according to Wartm. and
Schlatt.). 9 lycopifolium Frol. 1405.

— Achenes light grayish yellow as in H. prenanthoides.
Ls with almost entire e d g e s or slightly denticulate,
not or hardly net-veined underneath. Ligules glabr.
Invol. Is pale at the edges. PI. recalling H. boreale in
habit, but differing in the colour of its achenes, its
invol. ls with pale edges, its glandular peduncles, &c.

*) According- to Freyn, also at the Creux du Van and at Saleve which
we doubt much. Here also H. papyraceum Schultz bip. non Gren. must
be placed.

260

Composite.

— Edges of woods and thickets; Jorat near Lausanne.
A late species not blooming till about the middle of
September ..... Favrati Muret. ! 1406.

— Achenes reddish brown. Ls sinuate-dentate, distinctly
net-veined underneath. Ligules glabr. or feebly ciliate.
Invols blackish, with, scarcely visible, stellate hairs,
without simple hairs, but with extremely numerous
blackish glandular hairs of medium length. II. boreale-
j urassicum ? Reut. Resembling H. corymbosum. - Saleve. 9

melanotrichum Reut. ! 1406a.

Section 11. IHcroidea.

57 (26). Branches spreading. Upper ls broad, almost oval.
Glandiferous hairs on the peduncles yellowish. FI.
bright yellow. Achenes reddish brown. Stem 40 — 60 cm,
stiff, branchy, often from the base, bearing several or
many heads. Ls of a rather yellowish green, gen. sinuate-
dentate, less commonly with almost entire edges, hardly
net-veined underneath, the lower ones not fiddle-shaped.
Hairs not all, or rarely all, glandiferous. Recalling
H. amplexicaule, but the pi. is aphyllopodous, more
leafy, and the receptacle not villous. IT. prenanthoides
perfoliatum Fr. (not H. perfoliatum Frol.), H. picroides
ramosissimum Frol., H. prenanthoides multiflorum a. foliis
dentatis Gaud.!, H. sabaudum liybridum Gaud.! H.am-
plexicaule-prenanthoides Arv.-Touv.! (not hybrid). — Shady
rocks of Wall. (Naters, Viege, Unterbach, Pencec). 8

ramosissimum Schl. Heg.! 1407.*)

— Branches erect or slightly spreading. Upper ls oblong-

lanceolate. Glandiferous hairs of the peduncles more
or less blackish, some of them very long. FI. pale
yellow . . . . . . . . . 08

58. Stem 45— 60cm, terminated by a corymb of few or
several heads. Ls net-veined underneath, the lower ones
slightly fiddle-shaped, the others distinctly clasping,
with entire or faintly toothed edges. Ligules distinctly
ciliate. Achenes pale. H. cydonifolium Fr. not Vill.
H. lanceolatum Schl.! not Vill. — a. typiciim. Hairs of
the ls all glandiferous; invol. blackish. — b. piliferum
Grml. Some of the hairs of the ls not glandular; invol.

*) This form from Wallis = var. Schleicheri Burnat and Greml.
(H. helveticum Arv.-Touv.! spic. 1S81 nec alior). Different forms (or species?)
of southern France and Piemout are: H. lactucaefolium Arv.-Touv.! H.
conringisefolium Arv.-Touv.! H. Crissolense Boiss. and Reut. and
H. Pesianum Burnat and Gremli, forms which are closer to H. prenan¬
thoides. — Another allied, hypophyllopodous form : H. viscosum Arv.-Touv. !
approaches the Amplexicaulia still more than H. ramasiss. and is reported by the
author from Wa’l. (not. 1338) probably through confusion with this last.

Composite.

261

paler, with more abundant stellate hairs; Is more often
toothed; approaching H. picroides. — c. Schneideri Grml.
As the var. b. but Is sinuate-dentate; heads more nu¬
merous (up to 40 and more), distinctly smaller; glandi¬
ferous hairs of the peduncles shorter. —Alp., rare; Sils !
between Hospenthal and Zumdorf! Gorges d’Alesse !
var. b. Maria Sils! Grimsel! Maienwand! Eginenthal !
St. Bernard! var. c. Gerenthal, Upper Wallis, in com¬
pany with b. 8 . . . ochroleucum Schl.! 1408.

— Stem lower, 15 — 25cm, bearing 1 — 5 heads! the lateral
peduncles gen. in the axils of developed Is (not bract¬
like). Ls not net-veined underneath, not fiddle-shaped
and only half-clasping, sinuate-dentate. Ligules gen.
feebly ciliate or glabr. Achenes light red. Some of tin*
hairs of the ls always not-glandular. Often resem¬
bling H. intybaceum and 11. Bocconei. — Alp., very rare *)

picroides Vill. 1409.

Section 12. Intybacea.

59 (24. 26). Us light green, long-lanceolate, sinuate-dentate,

narrowed at the base. Hairs all glandiferous. Outer
invol. ls spreading, lighter green. FIs very pale yellow.
H. albidum Vill. — Alp. and subalp. 8

intybaceum Wulf. 1410.

Section 13. AmpleoHcaulia .

60 (25). Ls thin, rather glaucous, with almost entire

edges. Styles yellow. Stem rarely exceeding 20cm,
few-headed, gen. only bearing 2 Is. Ls not viscous ;
their hairs all glandiferous. II. cerinthoides Thom . Schl. !
not L., H. Reuteri Rchb. /.—Mount, and subalp. (Alp.
and Jura) of western Switz., not common. 7

Pseudocerinthe Koch. 1411.

— Ls thicker, gen. green, more or less sinuate-dentate.

Styles gen. brownish. Type of //. amplexicaule . 6*/

61. Hairs of the ls all glandiferous, rarely on the
lower ls mixed with longer non-glandiferous hairs.
Upper ls (those of the branches) broad, with broad bases,
half-clasping (rarely narrower, not clasping: v. pe-
treeum Hopp.?). PI. viscous, bearing several or many

*) Probably a collective species or, rather, composed of various hybrid
forms. Here are found: H. ochroleucum-prenanthoides Favre (St. Bern¬
ard), H. intybaceum-ochroleucum piliferum Favrat! (Maienwand, inter
parentes ; much resembling: H. intybaceum) ; also : H. Huteri Hausm. !
H. Ganderi Hut.! H. macrocephalum Hut.! H. lutescens Hut.! the
last approaching H. ochroleucum piliferum in its taller, many-headed stems,
its more clasping ls which are rather more net-veined underneath and its
invols with more numerous stellate hairs. The pi. of Villars (Valserberg, Graub.t
appears to be an H. intybaceum-prenanthoides.

262

Composit®.

heads; branches bearing small Is and heads often partly
suppressed. — Rocks and walls, especially of the mount,
and subalp.; distrib. 7 . . . ampiexicaule L. 1412.

— Hairs (especially of the lower Is) at any rate partly

without glands ....... 02

62. Invol. with yellowish glandiferous hairs neither very
long or numerous. Styles yellow. Stem branched, often
from the base, covered entirely with numerous white,
rather stiff, hairs. Caul. Is not or half-clasping. Heads
large, with long, almost rayed, feebly ciliate, ligules.
H. ampiexicaule opimum Fr.! H. ligusticum Reut. ! not
Fr. — Saleve! in company with H. amplexic. and humile.
Fort dc rEcluse! Yverdon! 7 Reichenbachii Verb 1418.*)

— Invol. with glandiferous hairs, fairly long and numerous,

and gen. blackish, but without, or only with scattered,
simple hairs Styles gen. livid (brownish). Stem branchy,
or only so above. Yery near to H. ampiexicaule, but
some of the hairs are always without glands, the branches
often more erect, the glandiferous hairs of the in¬
florescence gen. blackish, the invols with more numerous
stellate hairs, and the caul. Is narrower and not usually
clasping. — b. glaucescens Grml. (H. valesiacum Reut. ! non
Fr.). Ls glaucous, sometimes almost glabr. above; hairs
more distinctly denticulate; stem not tall. — As H. am¬
piexicaule, but, in general, rather rarer; b. Wall. (Sim¬
plon! Iserabloz !). 7 . . pulmonarioides Vill. 1414.

— Invol. with short, black glandiferous hairs, and with

fairly numerous longer hairs which are simple and
black at the base. Styles yellow. PI. in other respects
approaching the last, but the stem less leafy, ls thinner,
inflorescence less separated ; branches long, less spread¬
ing, without, or with small, ls; upper ls entire, often
almost glabr. above; invol. ls appressed; fls dark yellow.
H. ampiexicaule aureum Gaud.! Mount, and subalp.,
rare; W. (Lourtier, Iserabloz), 0. (Meiringen: Christener),
U. ? 7 . ligusticum Fr. 1415.

Section 1 4. Jtupicola.

63 (24). Ls oval-oblong, coarsely inciso-dentate or pinnati-
fid, rarely (v. subintegrifolium Ser. !) almost entire;
the lowest caul, leaf often of the same form as the rad.
ls, and petioled. Stem not tall, slightly arched, bearing
2 — 3 ls and div. into 2 or several long, 1 -headed branches.
Invol. Is with long, white, spreading hairs, obtuse, the
inner ones pale. H. Jacquini Vill., H. brachiatum Schl.!
H. nigrescens Schl.! — b. glabrescens Grml. Ls rather

*) A very similar form is H. utricaceum (amplexic. -humile) Arv.-Touv.l

Composite.

263

glaucous, almost glabr. above. — Fissures of rocks in
the mount, and subalp., fairly distrib. but not common ;
b. W. (Rappaz). 7 . . . . humile Jacq. 1416.

— Ls narrower than in the last, lanceolate, with a long

attenuation at the base, sinuate-incised or pinnatifid,
with teeth (or segments) directed forwards, the upper
narrow, almost linear, long-acuminate, and with
entire margins. Otherwise very like the last, but
the hairs rather longer and stiffer. II. rupestre Heg. not
All. I H. Heerii Briigg! — As the last, but only in eastern
Switz.; G. U. A. 7 . . . . lacerum Reut. ! 1417.

— Ls (glandular at the edges) resembling those of H. mu-
rorum, petioled, irreg. , coarsely, and deeply toothed at
the base, or almost pinnatifid, with segments often se¬
parated from the limb; upper ls long, narrow, linear,
entire, or with 1 — 2 long, narrow, often hastate, lobes.
Stem slenderer than in H. humile, 20 — 45 cm high, with
1 or 2 Is, bearing 2 heads, or div. into long branches
terminated by l — 3 heads. H. humile-murorum? — Binn?
Bex! Montbovon ! The Stockholm chain! 7

* Cotteti God. 1418.

— Ls long, narrow-lanceolate (the lower ones with a petiole
10 — 12 cm long, 12 — 15 mm broad); the middle ones,
in particular, irreg. inciso-dentate, with acuminate teeth
directed forwards; the lower with a long and gradual
attenuation to the base; the upper linear, entire. Stem
20— 35 cm, bearing 4—5 ls and 1 — 3 heads, thickly
covered above with stellate hairs, but the invol. without
stellate hairs. Stem and invols with long, scattered
hairs and not many short glandiferous hairs. Heads large,
on long, arched peduncles. H. hurnile-scorzonerifolium ?
H. humile-petrophilum God.!— Creux du Van. 7, 8

Godeti Christen.! 1419.*)

— Ls petioled, broad-lanceolate, lightly toothed at the
base. Stem ascending, bearing 1 — 2 ls, with long, arched
branches terminated by 1 — 2 heads. Heads, invols and
indument as in H. humile. Resembling the last. -Rocks
near Montbovon (Christener). 7

* adenophyllum Scheele. 1420.

Section 15. T,anatella.

64 (21). Ls glabr. above, more or less glaucous, spotted
with dark violet. Peduncles always with glandiferous
hairs (but sometimes rare). PI. recalling in habit H. mu-
rorum and prsecox, but the hairs of the ls rather crisp,
plumose. Stem with longer branches. H. andryaloides

*) According to Arv -Tonv. in litt. = H. leucophacum Gr. God,

264

Composite.

pictum Koch., H. murorum pictum Gaud.! p. — Yery
variable: Ls sometimes pinnatifid-laciniate (Nax), or
almost entirely black (Sion). — b. Gremlii Wolf (H. mu¬
rorum ramosum nudicaule Gaud.!). Ls of a purer green,
hardly spotted, narrower, longer, without a distinct
petiole, sinuate-dentate, with acute teeth.*) — c. joara-
doxum Grml. (H. pictum-Trachselianum ?) Stem higher,
often branching from the base, bearing several or many
ls, and many heads; peduncles not glandular; invols
gray with stellate hairs and covered besides with a
short villosity — Rocky places of Wall, and Vaud; b. Brieg;
c. Sepey near Aigle. 7 . . . pictum Schl.! 1421.

— Ls always hairy on both sides .... fSS>

Section 16. T,anata.

65. Ls with entire or only faintly toothed edges, thick, and
gen. covered with a dense woolly coating like those of
Yerbascum Thapsus. H. tomentosum All. Fr. (H. lanatum
Fr., another near species = H. Waldsteinii Tausch.).
— b. Laggeri Jord. nec Fr. (H. andryaloides intermedium
Gaud.! H. lanatum-pulmonarioides Favrat). Heads rather
smaller, supported by longer peduncles, covered some¬
times with short glandiferous hairs; hairs gen. rather
longer; ligules often slightly ciliate. — Rocky places:
Wall , Saleve, Neuchatel (Noiraigues), upper Simmen-
thal near Schwarzmatt; b Binnthal. 7 lanatum Vill. 1422.**)

— Lower ls (rosetted) inciso- dentate , or almost inciso-
pinnatifid at the base. Stem gen. lower, less leafy, and
with longer branches than in the last. Hairs gen. less
dense, heads rather smaller, ligules feebly ciliate. — As
the last; only at Saleve, not in Wall. 6, 7

* andryaloides Vill. 1423.

66 (30). Hairs of the 1. -margins long, stiff (bristle-like),
so that the Is appear to have long cilite. Stem leafless
or with 1 — 2 Is.***) Ls glaucous, the rad. more or
less narrowed at the base (comp. H. rupicolum var.).
Styles yellow. Hitherto only in Wall. . . . (>7

*) H. rupestre All! nec Rap. neque Heg. which resembles this form,
and which, according1 to Frol, and Fries, should grow in Switzerland, does not
differ at all except in its gen. leafless and 1-headed stem, its rather larger
achenes (4 — 4 1/2 mm long) and in habit in which it resembles a Leontodon.—
H. farinulentum Jord.! differs from H. pictum in its stem being covered
with more numerous stellate hairs, and its non-glandular peduncles ; this last
is found in Piemont and Savoy !

**) H. pteropogon Arv -Touv. ! indicated by the author as growing
in Switzerland, we have only seen in France. See N. Beitr III, 16.

***) H. subrude Arv .-Touv. ! (Almogell in Wall.) with stem bearing
2— 4 Is, see N. Beitr. Ill, 49.

Compositfe.

265

— Hairs of the 1. -margins shorter and softer, rarely rather
bristly, but then the rad. Is broad at the base. Styles
brownish or dirty yellow ..... OS

Section 17. Oreadea. (Type of H. Schmidtii )

67. Invols with fairly rare stellate hairs, but with more
or less abundant glandiferous hairs, which
gives them a darker colour. Ligules often feebly ciliate.
H. pallidum Fr., H. bifidum Sclil. ! H. Favrei Wolf!*)
— Alp. and subalp. on granite; Wall. 7

Schmidtii Tausch. 1424.

— Invols densely covered with stellate hairs, gray;
peduncles not very, or not at all, glandular. Ls often
thinner than in the last, gen. with longer petioles, often
not much narrowed at the base, the younger ones, at
any rate, furnished with stellate hairs underneath. Heads
large, with long, not-ciliate ligules, and narrowed-acu-
minate invol. ls ; the latter slightly more imbricated
than H. prsecox. H. bifidum Koch?, H. pallidiforme
Arv.-Touv. ! — b. Wolfiamim Favre! Ls with finer hairs,
broad at the base; form approaching II. proecox.— W.
(Arbatz, Balen, Einfischthal) ; b. Bovernier. 7

rupicolum Fr. 1425.

Section 18. Vulgata.

68 (66). Peduncles without glandiferous hairs or these rare
(and short!). Ls glaucous, often sinuate-dentate, more
or less narrowed at the base, gen. glabr. above, often
with stellate hairs below, the caul. 0—2. Styles gen.
livid ......... Of)

— Peduncles glandular, rarely without glands in the alpine

forms or in the forms with leafy stems . . 71

69. Invol. gray in consequence of the dense stellate hairs,
but without long simple hair s. Stem not tall, arched.
Ls often spotted, unequal; the outer ones oblong, with
distinctly separate petiole, sinuate-dentate, the inner
linear-lanceolate, covered underneath with stellate hairs
often very dense. Recalling the Pulmonarea rather than
the Glauca. II. politum Chr. p. not Fr., H. Arveti Grml.
not Yerl. ? See N. Beitr. Ill, 17. — Gravelly places and
edges of torrents in the Alp. and subalp.; G. in several
places. 8 . Mureti Grml. 1426.

— Invol. with long, simple, more or less numerous hairs 70

*) For the allied species : H. ceratodon, intricatum, cephalodes
Arv.-Touv.l see N. Beitr., Ill, 49.— H. ovatum Schl.! should be referred
partly to H. Schmidtii and partly to H. rupicolum; these two species are in
other respects often difficult to separate, especially when dry.

19

266

Composite.

70. Ls unequal; the outer (often withered by the time of
flowering) broader, oval, rather obtuse, or lanceolate-
subacute; the inner elliptic-lanceolate or lanceolate,
acuminate, sinuate-dentate, gen. with large, acuminate
teeth directed forwards, with an insensible and long
attenuation at the base. Branches more or less spread¬
ing, with scales in the upper portion. Caul, ls long,
narrow. Recalling the Glauca! but invol. Is more acute.
H. saxatile Schl. !, H. rupestre Schl.! Gaud.! Rap.! not
All., H. oxydon Fr., H. petreeum Heg. — b. hymenophyllum
Fr.! Ls glabr., thinner, distinctly broader, less toothed;
very like H. ceesium.— Rocky places in the Alp. and
subalp.; G. T. \V. Y. B. 0. U.; b. Yaud, Freibg., Bern. 7

Trachselianum Christener! 1427.

— Ls oblong (gen. narrower than in H. murorum), shortly

narrowed at the base, toothed or (v. laciniatum Heg.)
sometimes pinnatifid. Branches, when existing, spread¬
ing little or almost erect. Habit of H. murorum or
H. prsecox, but stem gen. lower, few-headed, often glabr.
and leafless; branches more erect, stiff, often arched
and longer; invol. larger, more swrollen, villous, gland¬
less. H. ceesioides Arv.-Touv. — b. Bionii Grml. (csesium-
oligocephalum Grml. *) H. subincisum Arv.-Touv. saltern
p.) Ls spotted, with broad bases, styles yellow’ ; very
nearly approaching H. preecox. — Alp. and subalp.; not
common ; G. W. Y. 0. U. ; indicated also on the Creux
du Yan; b. Sion. 6 caesium Fr. ! 1428.

71 (68). Stem leafless or with 1. — 2 ls . . . . 72

— Stem bearing 3 — several ls. (Rad. ls gen. more or less

narrowed at the base) ...... 74:

72. Rad. ls insensibly narrowed at the base. Comp. H.

atratum. 50.

— Rad. ls with truncate base, or rounded or slightly cor¬
date, rarely shortly narrowed. Type of JY. murorum 73

73. Ls glaucous, gen. spotted, glabr). above, or, if
hairy, the hairs are longer and stiffer than in
H. murorum ; pi. otherwise very like this last. H. glau-
cinum (Jord.!) Grml., H. fragile Fr., H. lasiopliyllum
God.! not Koch, H. Pollicliise Schultz bip. ! H. Lingen-
felderi Schultz bip. Lagg. exs.!, H. murorum plumbeum
Grisb. Rchb. b. cinerascens Jord.! Ls covered above
with numerous long, stiff, bristle-like hairs ; resembling
H. lasiopliyllum Koch. c. Verloti Jord. (pilosissimum
Fr. p. Grml.) Rad. ls rather narrowed at the base, gen.
sinuate-dentate with acute teeth, and petiole bearded

*) On H. oligocephalum Arv.-Touv. see 1ST. Beitr. Ill, 16.

Composite.

267

with long hairs; glandiferous hairs of the inflorescence
very numerous, some of them very long; ligules (al¬
ways?) feebly ciliate; form approaching IT. Schmidtii
and probably a good species. — d. cdpicohnn Gnnl. (sub¬
caesium Fr. p., H. incisum Koch p. not IIopp., H. senile
Kern.?, H. apiculatum God. exs. !) Analogous form of
H. murorum alpestre ; differing from II. caesium in the
form of the Is, the inflorescence, the invol., and the
colour of the styles. — Woods, thickets and walls, often
in company with H. murorum; G. ! W ! V.! Z. ! J. ! S.!
and probably distrib. ; b. between Viege and Stalden!
c. Saleve; rather earlier (5) than II. murorum, but flower¬
ing, like it, into the autumn praecox Schultz bip. ! 1429.

— Ls green, gen. not spotted, hairy on both sides; hairs
short and soft. Branches gen. arched-ascending or very
spreading. Very variable; sometimes with small heads
(var. microcephalum *). — b. alpestre Grisb. (subcaesium
Fr. p.) alpine form, almost or entirely glandless, with
few heads. — As the last, everywhere, (i

murorum auct. 1430.

74(71). Peduncles more or less glandular. Stem bearing
several or many heads. Achenes blackish brown. Differ¬
ing from H. murorum in its less numerous rnd. ls,
insensibly narrowed to the base, in its more numerous
caul, ls, in its stem gen. rough below, its branches gen.
not arched, and in its rather later bloom. H. sylva-
ticum Lam. Very variable : — b. pseadomurorum (umbrosum
Jord.? fastigiatum Fr. ?) Ls thin, light green, the rad.
almost rounded at the base, with distinctly separate
petioles; the caul, only 2 — 3 in number; branches
slightly arched, often leaf-axillary; approaching II. mu-
rorum.*) — c. sempronianutn I Volf\ Stem and Is covered,
at least in the lower part of the pi. with numerous
long, white, bristle-like hairs; ls rather glaucous, firmer;
invol. ls rather imbricate. — Woods and thickets, distrib.;
b. Ardon, Leukerbad, Sion; c. Simplon, Brigue. 7

vulgatum Fr. 1431.

— Peduncles glandular. Stem few-headed. Achenes red-
brown. Comp. H. Bocconei. bO.

— Peduncles without glands ..... 7^b.

74b. Caul, ls about 3—5, distant, the lower petioled; rad.
ls 1 — 3, deeply sinuate-dentate, with acute teeth. Styles

*) Another intermediate form between H. vulgatum and II. murorum is
H. oblongum (Jord.) Rap.! from Valleyeres. — A form requiring further
examination is H. vulgatum (sylvaticum) integrifolium Christen, which
has erroneously been taken for H. diaphanum Fr.

268

Composite.

yellow (?), H. ramosum Sendtn. not W. K.*), H. argu-
tidens monacense Fr.! — Chur: Briigg (Munich!) 5, 6,
earlier than H. vulgatum . . Sendtneri Nag.! 1432.

— Caul. Is 6 — 20, close-set, sessile, suddenly reduced and

the upper transformed to scales; rad. Is clustered above
the base of the stem, long-lanceolate, sinuate-dentate.
Styles brownish. PI. also recalling the Sabauda by its
slightly imbricate invol. Is.**) — Poschiavo: Briigg., Man-
dello on the lake of Como! . . australe Fr. 1432b.

75(31). Some of the invol. Is spreading-re flexed at
the top (comp. H. brevifolium). Styles often yellow.
Upper branches gen. crowded in the form of an umbel SO
Invol. Is appressed. Styles gen. livid. Branches not ar¬
ranged in an umbel . . . . . .70

76. Invol. Is only forming a few rows, the inner slightly
narrowed, often subacute. Caul. Is of a medium number 77

— Invol. Is in several rows, distinctly imbricate, all dis¬
tinctly obtuse. Caul. Is very numerous. Late species ! 78

Section 19. Tridentata.

77. Invol. Is gen. with scattered, simple hairs, and stellate

hairs, the edges pale green, not changing at all in
drying, the inner linear, almost equal in width. Differ¬
ing from II. boreale in its slenderer, hollow stems,
in its less numerous, narrower Is, which have a long
attenuation at both ends, with 2 — 3 large teeth on each
side, in its slightly smaller heads, its invol. Is narrower,
less obtuse, paler, and less imbricate, and its earlier
time of flowering. Differing from H. vulgatum in its
stems being without rad. Is. its lower caul. Is shortly
petioled or sessile, its peduncles almost or entirely
without glands, and its later bloom. H. rigidum Kocli
(and also Hartm. according to Lind.), H. leevigatum
Schl.! H. asperum Schl. H. sabaudum ambiguum Gaud.!
-Road-sides and thickets; probably distrib., but not
common. 8 . tridentatum Fr. 1433.

— Invol. Is almost glabr., gen. without stellate hairs, easily
becoming black in drying as in H. boreale ; the inner
ones broad at the base, then narrowed. Otherwise
like the last Stem gen. glabr., often red below; caul.

*) H. ramosum Schl. ! the locality of which is unknown, is very like
H. ramosum Lind. exs. 75. — H. canescens Schl.! (murorum intermedium
Gaud.) a neighbour of the last, but with few (2 — 3) caul. Is, and with scattered
glandiferous hairs, also appears doubtful to us — H. Dollineri Schultz bip. !
(leevigatum Grisb., argutidens Dollineri Fr.!) connected by Fries with this last,
appears to us nearer to H. Trachselianum. — H. murorum ramosum var. a.
Gaud. — H. vulgatum.

**) Species near to the section Italica (H. Yirgaurea Coss., H. italicum
Fr., H. provinciale Jord., H. barbatum Tausch.).

Compositae.

269

Is often with broader base and less prominent teeth.
FIs dark yellow. IT. Friesii Lind.! saltern p. — Mount,
and subalp.; G. W. V. 0. U. A. 8 gothicum Fr. 1484.

Section 20. Sabnuda.

78 (70). Styles yellow. Ls very numerous (20 and more),
distributed equally on the stem, the middle and upper
ones fairly reg. in form, oblong-lanceolate, rounded at
the base. Invol. ls narrower and less obtuse than in
H. boreale, the outer ones rather lax. IT. corymbosum
Grml. not Fr.*) — NY. (Bovernier), Y. (below Morcles,
Favrat!). 8 pseudocorymbosum Grml. 1434b.

— Styles brown or almost black. Lower ls with their bases

more or less narrowed, almost into a petiole, the upper
different in shape. Invol. Is broad, obtuse . . 7.9

79. Invols, especially after drying, blackish (rarely keep¬
ing their green colour), with ovoid base passing into
a peduncle bearing several scales. Upper Is oval-lanceo¬
late or lanceolate, with rounded or broad sessile base,
rarely rather narrowed. H. sylvestre Tausch., II. com-
mutatum Beck. — Very variable: inflorescence sometimes
elongated into a raceme (v. racemosum ITausm.). Ls
sometimes equally distributed sometimes crowded to¬
gether about the middle of the stem, and then the upper
ones suddenly reduced. — b. sedunensis Grml. (subhirsutum
olim). Ls equally distributed, up to 50 in number, thin,
covered on both sides, as also the stem, with numerous
long white hairs; invols pale, almost truncate at tin-
base. — c. subsabaudum. Ls equally distributed, the upper
ones broad, slightly cordate, often streaked with red,
but invols black when dried.— d. croaticuni Schloss.?
(virgultorum Favrat exs.! vagum Jord.?) Ls thin, fairly
glabr. above, the lower ones crowded together a little
above the base of the stem. Invols pale. Recalling H.
provinciale Jord. —Woods and thickets; everywhere;
b. Sion: c. Wasserfluh near Aarau !, d. Jorat near Lau¬
sanne! 8 . boreale Fr. 1435.

— Invols not turning black in drying, gen. covered with

simple hairs, sometimes mixed with a few glandiferous
hairs, larger than in the last, truncate at the base
and passing suddenly into a peduncle which has fewer
scales. Upper ls broad, oval, half-clasping. Stem stiff,
often reddish. H. autumnale Grisb., II. sabaudum
maximum Gaud.! — As the last, but very rare; indicated
near Chur, Neuchatel, Bern, Bale; we have only seen
cultivated specimens. 8 . . . sabaudum Fr. 1436.

*) H. sabaudum Rchb. f. t. 176 f. 1 resembles our pi — H. sabau~
dum Grisb. nec Fr. appears to be H. brevifolium.

270

Composite.

Section 21. Umbellata.

80 (75). Middle and upper Is broad, oval, broadly rounded
at the base, or almost half-clasping, acute and furnished
with acute teeth. Most of the invol. Is appresscd. Re¬
calling in habit a small H. sabaudum with few heads!
H. boreale sabaudum Rchb. /. Icon. t. 182. /. 2 (Devens
sur Hex). H. sabaudum Grrisb.? — Lavey , chemin de

Morcles . brevifolium Tausch. 1436b.

Middle and upper Is lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,
more rarely (v. linarifolium) almost linear, more or less
narrowed at the base, rarely (v. latifolium) oval-lanceo¬
late or almost oval. Some of the invol. Is with spread-
ing-reflexed tops. Varied also: Is with 3—5 prominent
teeth, almost pectinate (v. coronopifolium Bernh.); also:
dwarf form, with broad Is, and not many heads (v. La-
ctaris auct). — b. monticola .lord.! (eestivum 0. Gr. not
Fr.). Stem lower, heads less numerous: invols darker;
achenes red-brown; flowering almost a month earlier.
—Edges of woods and thickets; distrib. ; b. Verrieres,
Mont Brezon ! 8 . . . umbellatum L. 1437.

OBS. I. Hybrid, or partly intermediate and not hybrid, forms of the sub¬
genus Pilosella*) : H. aurantiacum- Auricula : II. pyrrhantes N. P., G. W. Mon-
treux ; II. aurantiacum-furcatum : II. fulgens N. P. (Moritzianum Heg. ?), eastern
Alp.; II. aurantiacum- glaciale: II. aurantellum N. P. (corymbuliferum Arv.-
Touv. saltern p.), Avers, St. Bernard; H. aurantiacum- Hoppeanum: H. sub-
stoloniflorum N. P. (Moritzianum Heg.?) Spliigen, Avers; H, aurantiacum-
Pilosella: a. H. stolonifloruin W. K. nee alior**), forma intermedia (H fulgidum
and Hausmanni Ilchb. f. II Sauteri F. Schultz), Spliigen, Pilatus. — b. rubrum
Peter, forma accedens ad aurantiacum, Avers, Sion, St. Bernard; H. Auricula-
cymosum: II. sciadophorum N. P., Bernina-Heuthal ( — Auricula-cymosum
sabinum), Rheinthal ( = Auricula-cymosum typicum) ; II. Auricula-'florentinum:
H. sulfureum Doll, (corymbuliferum Grml ?), Zermatt, Schaffh.; H. Auricula-
furcatum: II. brachycomum H. P, Eastern Alps; II. Auricula- glaciale: H.
niphobium N. P. (brcviscapum Gaud , Smithii Arv.-Touv.), Graub., Wallis ;
H. Auricula- Hoppeanum: II. latisquamum N. P., Eastern Alp. (Auricula-IIop-
peanum macranthum = H. rubricatuin N. P., Bernhardin, Zugerberg?) ; H. Auri¬
cula Pelel erianum : H. xystolepium N. P., Sion; II. Auricula-Pilosella***):

*) Among the forms mentioned here, H. adriaticum, albipedunculum
auriculiforme, brachycomum, floribundum, hypeuryum, latisquamum, niphobium,
permutatum, rubrum, substoloniflorum, trichodes and Umbella are considered
by Nageli and Peter to be, some at any rate, not hybrids; but it is only
by locality, and by considering the associations of the legitimate species
among which they are found that any attempt can be made to determine their
origin. Otherwise, the celebrated authors of the monograph consider also that
H. cruentum, furcatum, fuscum, Laggeri and Zizianum (which appear as species
in this work) are intermediate forms, not hybrids, not seeing the legitimate
species (types, “Hauptarten”) except in the 12 others. — In other respects, in
order to determine these intermediate forms with any certainty, it is absolutely
necessary, to begin with, to know perfectly the true species and their variations!

**) H. Stoloniflorum Koch et auct. plur. = H. flagellare Willd., a
species belonging to eastern Germany, intermediate between II. coliinum and
H. Pilosella.

***) Differing from H. brachiatum (fiorentinum-Pilosella) in its slenderer
build, its ascending stems, its gen. more or less spathulate Is, and its hairs
Being less stiff.

Ambrosiacese.

271

H. auriculiforme Fr. (auriculifolium Grml., Schultesii F. Sch.), not rare in
some parts; II. Auricula- Pilosella velutinum — var. tiltophyllmn N. P. ; H.
Auricula-tardans : H. tardiuseulum N. P., valley of Entrcmont, Dole in the
Jura; H. collinum- Pilosella: H. prussicum N. P. (repens Willd. ?), Heidelmoos
near Constance, beyond our boundaries; H. cruentum-Pilosella: H. Umbella
N. P col de l’Albula; II. cymosum-Pilosella: II canura N. P., Wilchingen,
Canton Schaffh.!!; It. florentinum-furcatum : H. furcellum N. P., Zermatt
(rather doubtful) ; II. florentinum- glaciate: II. frigidarium N. I*., Simplon ;
H. florentinum-IIoppeanum: H. arnoserioides N. P., valley of Viege ; II. floren¬
tinum- PeletetHanum: II. hybridum ( haix nec alior., Zermatt, Nax ; It. floren¬
tinum- Pilosella : a. II. brachiatum Bert, (acutifolium Grisb., Hybridum Gaud, p.)
forma intermedia, stolonifera, here and there; b. II. venetiunum X. 1‘. (aridum
Freyn) forma intermedia astolona, Zermatt, Orsiercs, Bex ; c II. adriaticum
Ncig. (caricinum Arv.-Touv. saltern p) forma accedens ad florentinum, with a
taller stem than the two last, heads 7—30, arranged in a corymb, Sion ; It.
florentinum-tardans : II. tephrodes N. P., Sion; Jf.furratum-glaciale: ll.permuta-
tum N. P., Eastern Alp.; H. furcation- Hoppeanum: II. eurylepium N. I'., Valser-
berg, Spliigen ; H. fnrcatum-Pilosella: II. basifurcum N. P., Eastern Alp.;
H. glaciate- Pilosella: II. glaciellum N. P., Graub., Wall.; II. glaciate- Pilosella
velutinum: II. hypoleucum Arv.-Touv., II velutellum N. P. ; II. glaciale-Pele-
terianum: II. finalense N. P., Zermatt; II. glaciale-tardans: II. I’aurei Arv.-
Touv. (II. poliocephalum N. P.), Simplon; II. Iloppeanmn-Pilosella : II. hy-
peuryium N. P., eastern Alp.; II. Peleterianum- Pilosella : II. paehylodes N. P.
Here perhaps II. Pilosella velutinum v. macristolonuin from Eginenthal and
Simplon; H. PitoseUa-Zizianum ; II. albipedunculum N. P, Sion, Lourtier,
Wilchingen. — Intermediate forms composed of 3 species are: II. auran-
tiacum-Auricula-furcatum: H. anmurocephalum N. P , Avers; II. Auricula-
-collinum- florentinum: H. floribundum Wimra. Grab., Marbach*); II. Auricula-
fur catum-Hoppeanum : II. nigriearinum N. P., Eastern Alp ; II. cymosum sa-
binum- glaciate- Pilosella: II. trichodes N. P., Col de Bernina. — The following
forms still require further observation: H. aurantiacum-sabinum, B. S. M.,
St. Bernard; II. furcatum-incanum Lagg. in Grml. Beitr. 93, B. S. M. 37
Eginenthal; II. glaciate- (Hoppeanum) piloselloides (Beitr. 93, Christeneri.
Grml.), Albula; II. glaciale-sabinum (coryinbulifotium Arv.-Touv. p.) , B. S.
M. 37, St. Bernard; II. Pilosella-sabinum (biflorum Arv.-Touv.), B. S. M. 37,
Reidigalp, Canton Bern. — With respect to the hybrids indicated by Briigger
(see N. Beitr. Ill, 33) between the subgenus Pilosella and that of Euhieracium,
as II. glaciale-glanduliferum, II. glaueum-piloselloides, II. murorum-piloselloides,
they are absolutely false. See also Nag. and Pet. mon. 523.

OBS. II. Hybrids of the subgenus Euhieracium: II. lanatum-pictum
(lanatellum Arv.-Touv.! saltern p. Simplon! Riddes ! Sion!); II. ochroleucutn-
valdepilosum (Engadine according to Christener) ; II. glaucum-villosum ? N.
Beitr. I, 17); II. piliferum-villosum? (Torembec).

OBS. III. Among the cultivated pis of this family we may enumerate
also: Cgnara Scohjmus L., artichoke, and C. Cardunculus L., cardoon. — Also :
Carthamus tinetorius L. — Cnicus benedictus L.

59. Ambrosiacese.

359. Xanthium. Bur-weed. XXI, 29.

1. Spines at the base of the Is strong, yellow, 3-partite.
Ls cuneiform at the base, with an elongated, acuminate
middle lobe. — Rubbish heaps, hedges: introduced with
wool from Hungary; observed near Geneva, Bern, Bale
and Schaffh. 1 ... . *spinosum L. 1438.

*) H. floribundum is a collective species fairly distrib. in N. E. Europe;
in Switzerland only the var. succisum Fr. is found, otherwise inhabiting the
North almost exclusively. The pi. of Marbach then inay well be an hybrid.

272

Campanulacese.

— Spines at the base of the Is 0. Ls cordate at the base,
or, in the curye, prolonged to a corner at the petiole 2

2, Fr.-envelopes 12 — 15 mm long, covered with slender
prickles, straight and hooked at the top. — As the last;
rather rare (wanting in G. U. L. A. S.). 7

strumarium L. 1439.

— Fr.-envelopes larger, covered with more numerous prickles,

which are arched from the middle and rolled up in a
circle at the top. — -As tlie last; formerly indicated near
Geneva. 7 . . . . * macrocarpum Dec. 1440.

60. Campanulacese.

360. Jasione. Jasione. V, 17.

1. Ls crisp-wavy at the edges. — Wood-sides, slopes ; almost
distrib. 6 . montana L. 1441.

361. Phyteuma. Rampion. Y, 17.

1. Inflorescence in globular or ovoid heads after flowering.

(FIs blue or violet; stigs 3.) . . . .2

— Inflorescence in ovoid or oblong, finally almost cylindric,

heads. (Bracts linear or linear-subulate.) . . 6

2. Bracts linear, gen. much longer than the many-fld head.
Stem slender. Lower ls with long petioles, cordate-oval
or cordate-lanceolate.— Rocky places in the Alp. and
subalp., descending into the valleys; G. T. W. 0. 6

Scheuchzeri All. 1442.

— Bracts round-oval, oval, or oval-lanceolate, gen. shorter

than the head . ....... 3

3. Heads many-fld. Stem 30 — 50 cm. Ls dentate-crenate,

the lower gen. cordate-lanceolate, the cauline oblong,
elliptic-oblong or lanceolate. Varied v. ellipticam Thom .
with rad. ls narrowed to the base, and numerous caul,
ls only slightly reduced in size, and very long styles.
— Pasturages and hills, especially in the mount, and
subalp. 6 . orbiculare L. 1443.

— Heads 5 — 1 2-fld. Stem 2 — 10 cm . ... 4

4. Bracts round-oval, rather obtuse. Ls obovate-lanceolate
or (v. globularifolium Gaud, an Hopp.?) obovate, often
with 3 notches at the top. Heads 5— 7-fld. Stem 2 — 5cm.
—High Alp., G. T. W., Glarus. 7, 8 pauciflorum L. 1444.

— Outer bracts oval or oval -lanceolate, acute or acuminate.

Ls linear or linear-lanceolate, entire or slightly crenate
at the top. Heads 10 — 12-fld ..... 5

5. Bracts oval at the base, toothed with acute teeth, then
narrowed-lanceolate, scarcely as long as the head, some-

Campanulaceae.

273

times, however, longer. — High Alp.; G. \V. (Bernina-
Heuthal, Zermatt). 7 . . humile Schleich. 1445.

— Bracts oval-acuminate, entire, about half as long as the
head. Yaried v. trychophyllum Christ in. Ls grass-like
only 1 — IV2 mm broad, as long or even longer than
the stem (20 cm and more). Graub. — High Alp. 7

hemisphaericum L. 1446.

6(1). FIs dirty white, greenish at the top, very rarely
(v. coeruleum) bluish. Ls cordate-oval, gen. spotted with
brown. — Woods; distrib. 6 . . spicatum L. 1447.

— FIs blue or violet, more or less dark ... 7

7. FIs light violet. Rad. ls cordate-lanceolate or lanceolate,

or indeed linear, obtusely crenate. Type of P. Michelii
Koch ......... 8

-- FIs dark blue or blackish violet. Rad. Is cordate-oval,
a third or half broader and the bracts longer than
in the preceding group ..... Q

8. Ls glabr. or only ciliate, the rad. long, linear or linear-
lanceolate, narrowed to the petiole. Styles gen. 2. —
Varied: Bracts and calyxes glabr. (scorzonerrefolium
Gaud. A. Dec.) or hairy (Michelii Gaud. A. Dec.) Hills
of southern Switz.; G. (Spliigen: Gaud.); T. (Trans-
Cenere); W. (Gerenthal !). 6 scorzonerifolium Vill. 1448.

— Ls glabr. or hairy, the rad. cordate-lanceolate or lanceo¬

late, long petioled. Styles gen. 3. — Alp. and subalp.,
rarely lower. 7 betonicaefolium Vill. 1449.

9- Ls almost simply crenate-dentate. Stas almost glabr.
Heads shorter than in 1417; ls less deeply cordate, the
caul, more cuneiform. — Vallee de Joux. 6

nigrum Schmidt. 1450.

— Ls coarsely and deeply double-toothed. Stas woolly. —

Alp. and subalp. 7 . . . . Halleri All. 1451.

OBS. Ph. Halleri-spicatum (Schlatter).

362. Campanula. Campanula. V, 19.

1 Each sinus between the cal. -lobes with a reflexed ap¬
pendage. FIs in a raceme, drooping, rarely erect (v. stricto-
pedunculata Thom.), rarely 1-fld (v. uniflora A. Dec.).
Alp. and subalp. 7 . barbata L. 1452.

— Sinus between cal. -lobes without appendages . 2

2. FIs p e d u n c 1 e d , in raceme or panicle, rarely solitary 8

— FIs sessile or almost so, in terminal and lateral heads,

or indeed in spikes ...... 17

3. Cal.-lobes narrow, linear or subulate 1

— Cal.-lobes broader, lanceolate or oval-lanceolate . 10

4. Rad. ls (sometimes already withered at the time of

flowering) broad, reniform or cordate-oval. Capsule
drooping . 5

274

Campanulacese.

— Rad. Is oblong-obovate, narrowed to a petiole. Capsule

erect ......... 9

5. Caul. Is numerous, oval or oval-lanceolate, with acute

teeth; rad. Is gen. 0. Stem 20 — 50cm.— Alp., subalp.
and Jura. 6 . rhomboidalis L. 1458.

— Caul. Is all or, at any rate, the upper, linear or linear-

lanceolate, entire (in 1455 the lower ones broader, more
distinctly toothed, but numerous) . . . 6

6. Cor. -lobes narrowed at the base and separated by a
rounded sinus. — Granite Alpes; T. W. (Furka di
Bosco, Miinsterthal, Binn, Simplon, Gamserthal, Saas). 7

excisa Schleich. 1454.

— Cor. -lobes not narrowed at the base ... 7

7. Cor. campanulate — almost hemispheric, or short cylindric-
campanulate, rather swollen. PI glabr. or hairy or en¬
tirely gray-hairy (v. pubescens), coespitose, with numerous
rosettes of Is, 8— lb cm. Inflorescence gen. a simple,, few-
fld raceme, rarely (v. subramulosa Jord.) slightly panicled.
Lower caul. Is more numerous, broader and more strongly
toothed than in 1456. Leaf-buds drooping. C. gracilis
Jord. — Rocks, walls and gravel beds of torrents in the
Alp., subalp. and Jura, descending to the plain. 6

pusilla Haenk. 1455.

— Cor. campanulate-infundibuliform. PI. gen. glabr., not

very coespitose, with fewer rosettes, often partly with¬
ered even by the time of flowering. Stem 15 — 50 cm. In¬
florescence a several- or many-fld panicle, in the smaller
pis aud on the mountains sometimes in a few-fld ra¬
ceme, or with only 1 fl. ..... 8

8. FIs in a panicle, rarely a raceme, 15 — 20 mm long;

l.-buds almost erect. — Varied: short gray-hairy (v. velu-
tina Dec., Wall.) and taller, with long Is and numerous
fls (v. lancifolia Koch). — Grassy places, walls and rocks;
everywhere. 5, 6 . . rotundifolia L. 1456.*)

— Fls in a raceme, 1 — 5, larger than in the last (30—40 mm) ;
fl.-buds drooping or reflexed; cal. -lobes longer. Caul. Is
often broader than in the last. C. linifolia Hsenke, Gaud,
not Lam.**) — Yaried: PI. glabr. or (v. liirta = C. val-
densis All.?) hairy. — Alp., subalp. and Jura. 7

Scheuchzeri Vill. 1457.

9 (4). Panicle many-fld, long, pyramidal. Lateral peduncles
with bracts near the base. Cal. -lobes linear-subulate. —
Slopes, road- and field-sides ; distrib. 5 Rapiinculus L. 1458.

*) C. confertifolia Eeut. and C. pennina Reut. are probably con¬
nected with this species.

**) C. linifolia Lam. with inflorescence in a narrow raceme, and buds
almost erect, is indicated erroneously (by Nymann) as growing- in Switzer¬
land. This species is found in Piemont, Dauphine and Provence.

Campanulacere.

275

— Panicle (rarely raceme) lax corymb-shaped. Lateral ped¬

uncles with bracts above the middle. Cal. -lobes lanceo¬
late-subulate. — Meadows, wood-sides ; fairly distrib.; but
not everywhere. 5 . . . . . patula L. 1459.

10(3). Stem 1 -fid (rarely 2 — 3-fld), 5 — 10cm high. (Alpine
pis) .......... 11

— Stem 3 — many-fld (rarely in 1462 2- or 1-fld), 30— 90 cm

high ......... 12

11. Cor. infundibuliform, 5-fid to below the middle, 12 — 15 mm

long. Ls entire, obovate, obtuse, gen. ciliate. — High Alp.;
not common. 7 .... cenisia L. 1460.

— Cor. swollen-campanulate, 5-fid to a third of its length,
25 — 30 mm long. Ls crenate, the lower spathulate, nar¬
rowed to distinct petioles. — T. (M. Generoso). 7

Raineri Perp. 1461.

12. Rad. ls oblong-obovate, narrowed to a petiole, the caul,

narrow, linear or linear-lanceolate. Caps, erect . 13

— Rad. ls gen. with long petioles and cordate at the base,

or at an3r rate the caul, broad oval-lanceolate. Caps,
drooping ......... 11

13. Stem gen. bearing 3—6 (rarely — 15) ls Cor. large (30 to

35 mm), hemispheric-campanulate , as broad or almost
as broad as long. —Wooded hills; fairly distrib. (wanting
in U. A.). 6 . persicifolia L. 1462.

— Stem terminated by a several — many-fid corymb. Cor.

smaller, infundibuliform-campanulate, longer than it is
broad ......... f)

14. FIs rather small, almost sessile in the axils of the
bracts, arranged in a long spiciform raceme. Cor. -lobes
glabr. Ls gray-tomentose underneath. — Thickets; T. W. 7

bononiensis L. 1463.

— FIs of medium size or large, the lower ones, at any

rate, in the axils of the ls (sometimes small). Cor. -lobes
gen. ciliate ........ 13

15. Rt-stock with subterranean stolons. Cal. -lobes lanceo¬
late, reflexed after flowering. Cor. 20 — 28 mm long. —
Fields, road-sides; distrib. 7 rapunculoides L. 1464.

— Rt-stock without stolons. Cal.-lobes oval-lanceolate, erect

or slightly spreading ...... 13

16. Stem angular with acute angles. Ls rough-scabrous,
the lower cordate-oval. Cor. large (35 — 40 mm). — b. ur-
ticifolia Gaud. Caul, ls narrower, stem with acuter angles,
branchy. — Woods : everywhere. 7 Trachelium L. 1465.

— Stem angular with obtuse angles. Ls with short hair,

the lower oval-oblong, scarcely cordate. Cor. very large
(40 — 45mm). — Mountain woods; rather rare (wanting in
T. O. L. Z. S.). 6 . latifolia L. 1466.

276

Yaccinese.

17 (2). FIs pale yellow, in a very dense, uninterrupted,
spike. Ls numerous, close-set. — Alp. and Jura. 6

thyrsoidea L. 1467.

— FIs blue or violet ....... IS

18. FIs in a long spike narrowed towards the top, the upper
fls solitary in the axils of the Is. Ls oblong-lanceolate,
the rad. narrowed to a petiole. PI. rough-hispid. — Stony
places. —Transalpine Switz., Wall. 7 spicata L. 1468.

— Fls arranged in terminal heads, and gen. lateral also,
which, in the many-fld pis, often form a long and inter¬
rupted spike ........ lO

19. Lower ls narrowed to a petiole. Cal.-lobes oval. Styles
exceeding the cor. PI. very hispid. — Woods, thickets;
not common (wanting in G. T. U.). 6 Cervicaria L. 1469.

— Lower ls cordate or rounded at the base. Cal.-lobes

lanceolate. Styles gen. shorter than the cor. PI. with
short hairs or almost glabr., rarely (v. farinosa Andrz.)
the ls gray-tomentose underneath. Clusters of fls soli¬
tary in the dwarf forms; numerous in a larger form
(v. sparsiflora A. Dec. = C. aggregata Gaud.). — Pas¬
turages, wood-sides; distrib. 6 . glomerata L. 1470.

OBS. C. rhomboidciHs-Scheuchzeri Brilgg. (?)

363. Adenophora. Adenophora. V, 19.

1. Styles much exceeding the cor. T. (near Meride). 7

liliifolia Bess. 1471.

364. Specularia. Specularia. V, 18.

1. Cal.-lobes linear, as long as, or shorter than, the ripe fr.
and cor. Cor. (violet-purple) 15 — 20 mm broad. — Fields
among stubble; distrib. 6 Speculum A. Dec. 1472.

— Cal.-lobes lanceolate, longer than the cor. which is only

8 — 10 mm broad, half as long as the fr. — As the last.
Bale, Schaffh. 4, 5 . . . . hybrida A. Dec. 1473.

61. Vaccinese.

365. Vaccmium. Vaccmium. VIII, 8. X, 3.

1. Ls persistent, leathery, obovate, with the edges rolled
under, spotted above. Berries red. — Woods and moors,
especially of the mount, and subalp. 5 Vitis idsea L. 1474.

— Ls decid. Berries bluish black, rarely white . £

2. Ls oval-acute, finely dentate-crenate, almost concoloured ;

branches angular, almost winged. Bilberry. — Woods and
peat bogs; distrib. 5 . . . Myrtillus L. 1475.

— Ls obovate, entire, glaucous underneath. Branches cylin-
dric. — Peat bogs; distrib. (only wanting in S.). 5

uliginosum L. 1476.

Ericaceae.

277

366. Oxycoccus. Cranberry. VIII, 8.

1. Stem creeping, with filiform branches. Ls small, ashy-
gray underneath. FIs rose-coloured. Vaccinium Oxycoc¬
cus L. — Peat bogs; distrib. (only wanting in S.) 6

palustris Pers. 1477.

62. Ericaceae.

367. Arctostaphylos. Bear-berry. X, 4.

1. Ls thick, leathery, entire (net-veined, neither spotted nor
rolled up, which easily distinguishes this pi. from
No. 1474). Berries red. — Stony places of Alp., subalp.
and Jura. 4, 5 . . . . uva Ursi Sprgl. 1478.

— Ls thin, the lower ones dry, finely toothed. Berries
black. — Alp. and Jura (Reculet). 5 alpina Sprgl. 1479.

368. Andromeda. Andromeda. X, 5.

1. Ls linear-lanceolate, rolled at the edges, glaucous under¬
neath. — Peat-mosses; (wanting in T. AV. S ). 5

polifolia L. 1480.

369. Calluna. Ling. VIII, 7.

1. Small shrubs. Ls acicular, very short. FIs rose-coloured,
rarely white. Stas with anthers dorsally fixed. — Heaths,
woods; everywhere. 7, 8 . . vulgaris Salisb. 1481.

370. Erica. Heath. VIII, 7.

1. Small shrubs. Ls acicular. FIs red. Anthers not dorsally
fixed. — Alp. and subalp., sometimes descending to the
valleys. 5 (3) . . . . . . carnea L. 1482.

371. Azalea. Azalea. V, 47.

1. Small shrubs. Ls small, persistent, oval, rolled at the
edges. FIs rose-coloured. Loisleuria proc. Desv. — High

Alp. 7 . procumbens L. 1483.

372. Rhododendron. Alpine-rose. X, 5.

1. Ls ciliate at the edges, green underneath and spotted
with scattered resinous glands. Cal. -lobes oblong-lanceo¬
late, longer than broad. — Alp. and subalp., sometimes
descending; not on granite, and not in the Jura! 6

hirsutum L. 1484.

— Ls not ciliate, rolled at the edges, of a rusty brown

colour underneath on account of the extremely crowd¬
ed resinous glands. Cal. -lobes short-oval, broader than
long. — Alp., subalp. and southern Jura, sometimes des¬
cending. 6 . ferrugineum L. 1485.

OBS. Hybrid: R. ferrugineum-liirsutnm (intermedium Tausch.).

278

Pyrolaceae. Monotropaceae. Ebenaceae.

63. Pyrolaceae.

373. Pyroia. Wintergreen. X, 7.

1. Stem 1-fld. — Mossy woods, especially of the mount, and

subalp., but not common. 6 . . uniflora L. 1486.

— FIs in an umbel. — Pine woods; Andelfingen! 6

umbeliata L. 1487.

— FIs in a raceme ....... 2

2. Raceme unilateral. Ls oval -acute, crenate-dentate. —

Woods; distrib. 6 . . . . secunda L. 1488.

— FIs of the raceme turning to all sides . . 3

3. Stas arched-ascending; style reflexed . . . 4i

— Stas connivent; style straight, vertical or oblique 5

4. Cal. -lobes lanceolate-acuminate, much longer than broad,
half as long as the white cor. Raceme many-fld (10 to
20 fls). — b. arenarinScheele. PI. smaller; cal. -lobes broader,
rather obtuse. — Woods; distrib.; b. Bagnethal. 6

rotundifolia L. 1489.

— Cal.-lobes oval-triangular, almost as broad as long, a
quarter the length of the cor. which is greenish white.
Raceme few-ftd (3 — 7). — As the last but rarer. 6

chlorantha Sw. 1490.

5. Cal.-lobes oval-lanceolate. Style longer than the ovary,
oblique, thickened above in a ring which is as broad
or broader than the stig. P. minor-rotundifolia?? —
Woods; rare; 0. B. 0. U. A. (Always the true species?) 6

media Sw. 1491.

— Cal.-lobes triangular-oval. Style shorter than the ovary,

vertical, not thickened at the top ; stig. twice as broad
as the style. — Woods; distrib. 6 . . minor L. 1492.

64. Monotropaceae.

374. Monotropa. Monotrope. VIII, 10. X, 6.

1. Pets and stas hairy. Ovary oblong. —Woods ; distrib. 7

Hypopitys L. 1493.

— Pets and stas glabr. Ovary ovoid. Otherwise as in the
last, with which it is gen. confused. 7 glabra Bernh. 1494.

65. Ebenaceae.

375. Diospyrus. Diospyrus. VIII, 6.

1. Ls oval-oblong, acuminate, entire or denticulate. Fls soli¬
tary in thel. -axils, almost sessile. — Rocky places ; Lugano. 5

Lotus L. 1495.

Aquifoliaceee. Oleace*. Jasniinaceae. Asclepiadeaj.

279

66. Aquifoliaceae.

376. Ilex. Holly. IV, 6.

1. Ls persistent, with thorny teeth and wavy edges, on
old trees entire.— Woods ; distrib. 5 Aquifolium L. 1496.

67. Oleaceae.

377. Olea. Olive. II, 4.

1. Ls lanceolate, persistent, whitish-gray underneath. FIs
white, in racemes. — Tess., where it was formerly cul¬
tivated. 5, 6 . f europaea L. 1497.

378. Ligustrum. Privet. II, 4.

1. Ls oblong-lanceolate. FIs white, in dense panicles.—
Thickets and hedges; everywhere. 6 vulgare L. 1498.

379. Syringa. Lilac. II, 4.

1. Ls oval, acuminate, with feebly cordate base. FIs lilac,
violet or white, in pyramidal panicles -Everywhere in
shrubberies and gardens, rarely wild. 4 vulgaris L. 1499.

OBS. S. persira L. and 8. chinensis Willd. (persica-vulgaris) arc also cul¬
tivated in shrubberies.

380. Fraxinus. Ash. II, 2. XXII, 6.

1. Leaflets 9 — 15. FIs appearing before the ls. Cal. and
cor. 0. — Damp woods; distrib. 4 . excelsior L. 1500.
— Leaflets 7 — 9. FIs appearing with the ls. Cal. and cor.
present. Ornus europsea Pers — Woods; Tess. 4

Ornus L. 1501.

68. Jasminaceae.

381. Jasminum. Jasmin. II, 3.

1. Ls opp., pinnate. FIs white, scented. — East Indies;
cultivated in shrubberies and to ornament walls, almost
subspontaneous in the warm parts of transalpine Switz. 6

officinale L. 1502.

69. Asclepiadeae.

382. Vincetoxicum. Vincetoxicum. V, 124. XYI, 4.

1. Ls opp., entire, shortly petioled. FIs dirty white or
yellowish, in umbel-shaped cymes, petioled. Doll, dis¬
tinguishes: a. V. offic. Corona low, with very distant

280

Apocynaceae. Gentianaceae.

lobes; and b. V.laxum Bartl. Corona higher with crow¬
ded lobes; stem taller, often rather twisted at last. This
last form is indicated in the calc. Alps of Switz. —
Stony, thickety places ; distrih. 6 officinale Monch. 1503.

70. Apocynaceae.

383. Vinca. Periwinkle. Y, 46.

1. Ls elliptic, acute at both ends, or obtuse at the base.
Cal. -lobes glabr. — Wooded and thickety places; distrib. 4

minor L. 1504.

— Ls oval, narrowed towards the top, rounded or almost

cordate at the base. Cal.-lobes ciliate.— As the last;
eastern and southern Switz., probably only escaped from
gardens. 4, 5 . major L. 1505.

71. Gentianaceae.

384. Menyanthes. Buck- or Bog-bean. V, 35.

1. Rad. ls ternate. FIs white, reddish outside.— Marshes ;
distrib. 4, 5 . trifoliata L. 1506.

385. Chlora. Yellow-wort. Yin, 5, 21.

1. Caul, ls (glabr. and glaucous) triangular-oval, united by
the whole width of their bases. Cal.-lobes subulate,
shorter than the yellow cor. — Waste and rather damp
places; scattered (wanting in G. S.). 6 perfoliata L. 1507.

— Caul, ls oval or oval-lanceolate, rounded at the base,

not united by the whole width of their bases. Cal.-lobes
lanceolate-subulate, about the length of the cor. which
is of a paler yellow. Stem lower than in the last. — As
the last, rare; W. Y. Z. 6, 7 . serotina Koch. 1508.

386. Sweertia, Sweertia. Y, 125.

1. Peduncles quadrangular, almost winged. Cor. dirty violet,
rarely whitish. — Marshy places of the mount, and sub¬
alp. (wanting in T. Z. S.). 7 . perennis L. 1509.

387. Pleurogyne. Pleurogyne. Y, 126.

1. Stem 2 — 4 cm. Peduncles elongated. FIs variegated blue
and white. — Alp.; Graub. (Val Avers); Wall. (Saas, Zer¬
matt); Glarus (Kistengrat). 7 carinthiaca Griseb. 1510.

388. Gentiana. Gentian. V, 48, 126. IV, 21. VI, 6.

1. FIs yellow or red ....... 2

— FIs blue or violet, rarely white .... 5

Gentianacere.

281

2. Cor. div. almost to the base. FIs yellow. — Mount, and

subalp. 7 . lutea L. 1511.

— Cor. only lobed to !/a or 'U its length . . ,3

3. Cal. cleft almost to the base of one side only, in the

form of a spathe. Cor. reddish outside, yellowish inside,
rarely yellow' (v. flavida), very rarely white. —Alp. and
subalp. 7 . purpurea L. 1512.

— Cal. campanulate, with almost equal teeth . . 4

4. Cal. -lobes erect. Cor. yellow, spotted with red-brown,
rarely (v. concolor) without spots. — As the last but rarer. 7

punctata L. 1513.

Cal. -lobes reflexed Cor. dark red, spotted with black.
— Alp.; on the northern side of the Churfirsten! 7

pannonica Scop. 1514.

5(1). Throat of the cor. fringed with m u 1 ti fi d scales G

— Throat of the cor. not fringed . . .10

6. Cor. 4-partite almost to the base. Stem 2 — 5 cm, branched
almost from the base, with long, gen 1-fld, branches.
G. glacialis Thom. — High Alp.: not common. 7

tenella Rottb. 1515.

— Cor. cleft to, at most, 2/3 its length. Stems 15 — 30 cm,

except in dwarf pis ...... 7

7. Cal. almost always 4-partito; the two outer lobes 3 to

4 times as broad as the others, like bracts. Cor. -lobes
gen. more obtuse than in G. germanica. - Alp , subalp.
and Jura, also low'er. 7. . campestris L. 1516.*)

— Cal. 5-fid to the middle (rarely 4-fid) ; lobes fairly equal,

rarely in G. germanica the 2 outer broader . 8

8- Ls lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. FIs narrower and
smaller than in G. germanica. Ovary hardly contracted
at the base (sessile). — Lower Engadine; Uechtritz; the
true species? .....* Amarella L. 1517.

— Ls broader, oval-lanceolate or oblong. FIs fairly large.

Ovary much contracted at the base (appearing stipit-
ate) ......... .9

9- Caul, ls, except the lowrest which are gen. withered,
with broad bases, oval-lanceolate, acute or acuminate. —
Pasturages, wood-edges: distrib. 8 germanica Will d . 1518.

— Caul, ls, except those at the top, spathulate or oblong-
oval, obtuse. Varied : with sulphur yellow fls f v. flava Lois?).
— Alp , especially on granite, by preference in tho eastern
Alp.; also in the Bodenseeried near Rheineck. 7, 8, in
the lowr iands earlier than G. germanica

obtusifolia Willd. 1519.

*) G. Chloraefolia Nees (oampestris-germanica Griseb. obtusifolia Gren .

jur. ?) with 5 cal .-divisions, and broader ls, indicated at Saleve. — Intermediate

forms between G. campestris and obtusifolia are found, according to Nageli,

on the Piz Padella in the Upper Engadine.

20

282

Gentianace®.

10 (5). Cor. -lobes with long fringes on the lower edges,
without intermediate teeth. Cor. 4-partite. — Pasturages,
wrood-edges; distrib. 8 ciliata L. 1520.

— Cor. -lobes not fringed, but between the lobes there is
often a fold terminated by an aeute or 2-fid appendage 11

11. FIs clustered in whorls in the axils of the upper Is

and at the top of the stem. — Pasturages, wood-edges;
distrib. 7, 8 . cruciata L, 1521.

— FIs either solitary or 2 together in the axils of the upper
Is, or in pairs at the top of the stem, or in racemes
or panicles on a branchy stem .... V£

12. Cor. campanulate-club-shaped, enlarged above . 13

— Cor. with a rotate limb and cylindric tube, almost of

the same thickness in every part. Stem 2 — 10 cm l(i

13. Stem 15 — 75 cm, gen. several- or many-fld (also, in dwarf

pis, few- or 1-fld). Rad. Is 0 - . . . . 14:

— Stem 2 — 5 cm, always 1 -fid ; fl. very large. Rad. Is in

a rosette. Type of G. acaulis .... 15

14. Ls oval-lanceolate, long-acuminate. — Woods and marshes;
especially of the mount, and subalp., distrib., more
common in eastern Switz.. but very rare in the Jura
(Passwang, Vogelberg). 7, 8 . asclepiadea L. 1522.*)

— Ls linear or linear-lanceolate, rather obtuse, the lower
scale-shaped. — Marshy meadows; scattered. 0

Pneumonanthe L. 1523.

15. Ls rather leathery, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acute

or acuminate, the edges of the upper cauline slightly
rough when seen through a lens. Cal. -lobes with broad
bases, narrowed-lanceolate, erect. Sinus between the
cal. -lobes gen. sharp. (4. Clusii Perr. Song. — Alp., sub¬
alp. and Jura. 6 acaulis auct. 1524.

— Ls softer and broader than in the last, elliptic or ellip¬
tic-lanceolate, rather obtuse or short-acute, edges of the
upper caul, smooth. Cal. -lobes with rather narrower
base, contracted, oval-lanceolate rather separated from
the cor. Sinus between the cal. -lobes truncate, the
membrane connecting the divisions of the cal. more
developed than in the last. Throat of the cor. touched
with green. Gr. Kochiana Perr. Song. — b. alpina Vill.
Smaller form of the high Alps with scarcely any stem.
(Fully, Camoghe.) — Alp. and Jura ( e . g. Chasseron); 6,
sometimes with the last and then rather earlier

excisa Presl. 1525.**)

*) Varied according to Zollikofer: Ls crossed, fls more dense; and Is
distichous, fls more distant.

**) The true G. angustifolia Vill. (sabauda Boiss. Keut. ?) on the lime¬
stone mountains of Savoy, also indicadet in Wall., is very nearly allied, but
differs in the longer, narrower, and very shiny ls.

Poleuioniacea;.

283

16 (12). Perenn. pis, with non-flowering shoots terminated
by rosettes; flowering stems 1-fld . . .

— Ann. pis without non-flowering shoots. Stems branchy,
many-fld (also simple and 1-fld in small pis) . lit

17. Ls obovate, rounded-obtuse at the top, the lower of
the same size or smaller; the caul. 8 — 4 pairs,
distant or (v. rotundifolia Hopp., imbricata Schleich.
not Frol.) all crowded-imbricate. — Alp. and high Alp. 7

bavarica L. 1526.

— Ls lanceolate, elliptic or almost orbicular, gen. acute,
the lower larger ; the caul. 1 — 2 pairs. Type of G. verna IS

18. Ls elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, acute. — b. angulosa Bieb.

(scstiva Koch). FIs larger. Angles of the cal. more broadly
winged. — Meadows and pasturages up to the Alp.; b. Alp.
and subalp. 4—8 ..... verna L. 1527.

— Ls round-oval, rather obtuse or short-acute, softer than
in the last, rather thick, of a yellowish green after
drying. Cor. -tube slenderer than in the last. — High Alp. 7

brachyphylla Frol. 1528.

19 (16). Cal. inflated, broadly winged at the angles (wings
about as broad as half the diameter of the cal. tube).
— Marshy meadows, but not everywhere and rarer in
eastern Switz. (wanting in Geneva, Neuchatel, Soloth.,
Bale, A.). 6 . utriculosa L. 1529.

— Cal. cylindric, with angles only keeled. — Alp. and the

highest points of the Jura. 7 . . nivalis L. 1530.

OBS. Hybrids : G. lutea-punctata (Cbarpentieri Thom.) ; O', h'tea-purpurea

(Thomasii Gill., rubra Clairv.) ; G. punctata-purpurea (spuria Leb., Gau-

diniaua Thom.).

389. Erythraea. Erythraea. V, 45.

1. Lower Is in a rosette. Stem 15 — 30 cm, branchy only in
the upper part. FIs fascicled, forming a corymb. — Wood
clearings; everywhere. 7 . Centaurium Pers. 1531.

— Lower Is not in a rosette. Stem 3 — 15 on, gen. very

branchy from the base, or at least from the middle,
forming a lax corymb with distant fls. Dwarf pis have
sometimes a simple, 1-fld stem. — Damp pasturages, ditches,
road-sides; distrib. 6 pulchella L. 1532.

72. Polemoniaceae.

390. Polenionium. Jacob's ladder. V, 43.

1. Ls imparipinnate ; leaflets numerous, lanceolate, entire.
Fls blue, rarely white. P. rhseticum Thom. (Leaflets more
distinctly nerved underneath.) — Wooded places; damp
meadows; G. W. Y. Jura of Neuchatel and Bern; also
cultivated as an ornamental pi. 5. coeruleum L. 1533

284

Convolvulacese. Boraginea*.

73. Convolvulaceae

391. Convolvulus. Bind-weed. Y, 49.

1. Bracts large, oval or cordate-oval, near to the fl. and,
more or less, surrounding the cal FIs large, white. —
Fields, hedges; everywhere. 6 . . sepium L. 1534.

— Bracts small, linear, removed from the fls. FIs smaller,
rose or white. — Fields, vineyards, way-sides ; everywhere. 6

arvensis L. 1535.

392. Cuscuta. Dodder. Y, 123. IV, 9.

1. Fls peduncled, fascicled. Stig. globular-capitate. Gram-
micaramosaLour. - Lucern-fields, introduced with foreign
grain; observed near Bellinzona and Geneva. 8

*racemosa Mart. 1536.
Fls sessile, in globular heads. Stig. filiform or club-
shaped ......... 2

2. Cor -tube globular-swollen, twice as long as the limb.

Stem simple or not much branched, pale. — On flax and
the weeds which grow among it; not common (wanting
in T. U. A.). 6 . . . . Epilinum Weih. 1537.

— Cor. -tube at first cylindric, as long as, or shorter than, the

limb. Stem branchy ...... 3

3. Fls gen. 4-merous. Scales (in the cor. -tube) small. Style

shorter than the ovary. — b Vicice Schonh. Anthers as
long as the filament which is dilated at the base (God.).
— On Urtica dioica, Humulus and the salixes &c , dis-
trib 6 . europaea L. 1538

— Fls 5-merous. Scales large. Style longer than the ovary.

Stem slenderer than in the last. — b. Trifolii Babgt. Fls
larger, paler. — On thyme and other small pis; b. on
clover and lucern. 6 . . Epitliymum IVIurr. 1539.

OBS. C approximata Babgt. and C. Ce^atiana Bert, (polygonorum De

Not. not Engelm.) are indicated in Tess.

74. Boragineae.

393. Heliotropium. Heliotrope. V, 21.

1. Fls small, bluish or white, in dense spikes, rolled up,
without bracts. — Fields, rubbisli-heaps; eastern Switz.
and Tess. 7 . europaeum L. 1540.

394. Asperugo. Asperugo. Y, 24.

1. Fls small, blue, 1 or 2 together in the axils of the Is.
Stem clinging to objects by small prickles which are
turned downwards. — Rubbish-heaps, in the neighbour¬
hood of dwellings; eastern Switz., otherwise here and
there, changeable. 5 procumbens L. 1541.

HoraginefP.

285

395. Echinospermum. Echinosperm. V, 26.

1. Fr.-peduncles erect. Stem branchy above (rarely from
the base). — Waste ground, walls ; not everywhere (want¬
ing in L. S.). 1 ... . Lappula Lehm. 1542.

— Fr.-peduncles reflexed. Stem branching from the middle

or still lower. — Shady gorges of the granite Alp.: G.
W. 0. Glarus. 7 deflexum Lehm. 1543

396. Cynoglossuni. Hound's-Tongue. V, 26.

1. Ls thin, green, with scattered hairs, almost glabr. above,
shining. C. montanum Lam. — Mountain woods; not com¬
mon (wanting in T. U. L. Z. S.). 6 germanicum Jacq. 1544.

— Ls thicker, grayish, covered with a fine silky felt —

Stony waste places: distrib. 6 . officinale L. 1545.

397. Eritrichium. Eritrichium. V, 29.

1. FIs blue, in few-fld racemes. FI. 2 — 3 cm, csespitose,
villous-silken. Carpels edged by a ciliate-dentate wing,
or (v. Hacquetii Koch) with 1 or 2 teeth on each side,
or without teeth. — High Alp.; G. T W. 0. U. 7

nanum Schrad. 1546.

398. Myosotis. Forget-me-not. V, 29.

1. Cal. (and gen. the stem) covered with applied hairs 2

— Cal. (and stem) covered with spreading hairs, those

of the base of the cal. hooked . . . />

2. Cal. div. to about a third of its length into 5 teeth;

teeth triangular. Stem angular. Racemes without bracts.
FIs varying in size.— b. strigulosaRchb. Racemes longer
in proportion, but fr. -pedicels shorter; fls smaller;
stem slenderer. — c. ccesyiticia Dec. (Rehsteineri Wartm.)
Racemes shorter; fls large; stem not tall (3 — 5cm),
csespitose; flowering early.— Damp meadows, ditches;
everywhere; b. on turf-soil; c. on land periodically in¬
undated near the lakes of Constance, Neuchatel and
Geneva; the banks of the Rhine. 5 palustris Roth, 1547.
Cal. 5-fid to the middle; lobes oblong (rather contracted
at the base). Stem cylindric (shining). Racemes often
leafy at the base, gen. long, lax. Fls always small. —
Inundated places, muddy ditches; rarer than the last
(wanting in U.). 6 . . . csespitosa Schultz. 1548.

3. Cor. -limb always flat, (3 — 10 mm in diameter . ■£

— Cor.-limb gen. concave, 3-4mm in diameter . &

4. Fr.-pedicels 1 1/2 — 2 times as Jong as the cal.; cal. covered
with abundant hooked hairs. Like M. intermedia, but fls
about as large as those of M. palustris, the cal. -teeth
are shorter or as long (in M. intermedia distinctly longer).

286

Boragineas.

as the cor -tube. — Meadows, road- and wood-edges ; dis-
trib. but wanting in some parts 4, 5 sylvatica Hoffm. 1549.

— Fr -pedicels thicker than in the last, hardly longer than

the cal.; cal. covered with numerous applied, but few
spreading and hooked, hairs; the fr.-calix narrower
at the base than in the last; the stem lower. — Alp.,
subalp. and Jura. 6, 7 . . alpestris Schmidt. 1550.

5. Racemes leafy below, and gen. commencing near the

base of the pi. Fr. -pedicels almost erect, distinctly
shorter than the cal. which is closed at maturity Ls
covered underneath with hooked hairs. — Hills, sandy
fields; Simplon, Zermatt, Sion, Branson, Bern, Bale,
Bremgarten, Diessenhofen. 4 . . stricta Link. 1551.

— Racemes leafless. Fr. -pedicels almost horizontal, or at

least erect-spreading ...... 0

6. Cor. yellow, then rose and blue. Cor. -tube, during its

entire development, almost twice as long as the cal.
Fr. -pedicels shorter than the cal.; cal. longer than in
1554. Stem not very firm. — Fields, grassy places, es¬
pecially on silicious earth ; not everywhere (wanting in
G. U. A.). 5 . versicolor Rchb. 1552.

— Cor. blue; cor. -tube enclosed in the cal. . . 7

7. Fr. -pedicels longer, as much as twice as long as the
cal.; cal. closed when mature by the connivent cal. -lobes.
Racemes, also during their entire development, gen.
shorter than the non-branching part of the stem, which is
fairly strong. — Fields, slopes, road-sides ; everywliere.4 — 10

intermedia Link. 1553.

— Fr. -pedicels as long as, or shorter than, the cal. ; cal. open

when mature. Racemes longer, during their whole de¬
velopment, than the non-branching part of the stem,
which is slender. FIs smaller than in the last.— Grassy
places, slopes; gen. rarer than the last (wanting in
T. L.». 5 . hispida Schiecht. 1554#

399. Lithospermum. Lithosperm. V, 33.

1. FIs fairly large (12 — 15 mm in diam.), rather violet, then
azure (like those of Pulmonaria!).— Mountain woods,
here and there (wanting in G. U. L. A.). 5

purpureo-coeruleum L. 1555.

— FIs small, white or yellowish, very rarely light blue 2

2. Stem with close-set ls. FIs greenish or whitish yellow.

Carpels smooth, shining, white or bluish gray. —Gravelly,
wooded places; distrib. 6 . . officinale L. 1556.

— Stem with distant ls. FIs white, the tube often having

a violet ring, very rarely light blue (L. medium Cheval.?).
Carpels rough, dull brown. — Fields and road-side hillocks ;
everywhere. 4 .... arvense L. 1557.

Borag-ineae.

287

400. Onosma. Onosma. V, 83.

1. The bristles on the Is springing from a tubercle covered
with small hairs arranged in the form of a star.
0. stellulatum Grml not W. K., 0. montanum Gaud,
not S. S. — Hills; lower Rhone-valley. (*>

helveticum Boiss. 1558.

— The bristles on the Is springing from naked tubercles.

PI. less gray than the last, with hairs spreading more.
0. echioides Gaud, not L., 0. arenarium Rchb. not W.
K. — As the last; between Aigle and Ollon, and between
Bramois and Nax. 6 . . vaudense Grml. 1559.

OBS. The two species ure very closely sillied to, and perhaps only
varieties of, O. arenarium L. See N. Beitr. Ill, 22.

401. Echium. Echium. V, 31.

1. Fl. -branches gen. simple. FIs rose, then blue, rarely
carnation or white. — Waste, gravelly places, road-sides;
everywhere. 5 . vulgare L. 1500.

— Fl. -branches 2-fid. FIs smaller, white or light red. — As

the last: W. (again found, it is said, near Branson). 5

italicum L. 1561.

402—3. Borago. Borage. Y, 23.

1. FIs large, azure blue, less often white. Anthers blackish.
PI. rough with stiff hairs. — Rubbish-heaps and gardens;
naturalised. 5 . officinalis L. 1502.

404. Anchusa. Alkanet. Y, 28.

1. Cor. -tube jointed at the middle. FIs blue. Lycopsis
arvensis L. — Fields (wanting in U. A). 0

arvensis Bieb. 1503.

— Cor -tube straight ....... 2

2. Scales of the throat oval, velvety with very short hairs.
FIs gen. of a purple-blue. A. angustifolia Gaud., lepto-
phylla Koch? — AVaste ground, road-sides; by preference
in eastern Switz. G. T. V. (Yvorne) Z. S. A. and some¬
times adventitious in other places. 0 officinalis L. 1504.

— Scales of the throat oblong, with a tuft of hairs almost

2 mm long at the top. FIs azure blue. — As the last; T.
W. V. 5 . italica Retz. 1505.

405. Symphytum. Comfrey. V, 27.

1. Stem branchy, 45 — 80 cw long. Upper Is entirely de¬
current. FIs dirty white or (v. patens Sibth.) of a, more
or less, dark violet. — Damp meadows, ditches; distrib. 5

officinale L. 1560.

— Stem simple or 2-fid, 20 — 30 cm. Upper Is half- or not

decurrent ........ 2

288

Boragineae.

2. Scales of the throat prominent. Anthers as long as
their filaments. Rt-stock creeping, slender, but swollen
out here and there into globular tubercles.— Baumgarten,
Locarno. 4 bulbosuni Schimp. 1567.

— Scales of the throat enclosed. Anthers twice as long as

their filaments. Rt-stock oblique, fleshy-tuberulose. —
Wood-sides, hedges; Tess. (especially Trans-Cenere),
Freibg. (Montbovon). 4 . . . tuberosum L. 1568.

406. Pulmonaria. Lungwort. Y, 32.

1. Summer Is (full-grown Is of the lateral flowerless shoots)

oval or oval-acuminate, rounded or slightly cordate at
the base, suddenly contracted to a petiole, with stiff
hairs and, at the same time fine, small, very short, prickles
above. Type of P. officinalis ..... 2

— Summer Is (not spotted) lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,

narrowed insensibly to the petiole, with no small
prickles above ........ 3

2. Ls spotted with white, cordate-oval, acute, about
l*/2 times as long as broad; petiole gen. rather shorter
than the leaf. P. officinalis v. foliis maculatis Gaud. — Hedges,
thickets; not everywhere; Tess., Bex, Aigle. 4

officinalis L. 1569.

— Ls not spotted, or rarely spotted with light green, cor¬

date-oblong, acuminate, twice as long as broad; petiole
longer than the ls. FIs almost only >/3 as large as in
the last. P. officinalis auct. plur. — As the last; probably
distrib. 4 . obscura Dumort. 1570.

3. FIs azure blue. Cor. -tube glabr. inside below the ring
of hairs. Ls narrower than in the other species. P.
angustifolia L. p. nec Bess, neque Koch. — Alp.; Enga-
dine (St. Moritz, Bevers, Samaden), Mt. Generoso. 6

azurea Bess. 1571.

— FIs violet Cor. -tube hairy inside below the ring of hairs 4

4. Ls rough to the touch. Branches of the inflorescence
very bristly and rough. P. angustifolia Koch p.
— Thickets and woods of eastern Switz. (Bex, Geneva,
Orbe, Neuchatel, Freibg. and probably in other places,
but confounded with the following). 4

tuberosa Schrank. 1572.

— Ls soft at the touch and glistening. Branches
of the inflorescence covered with very numerous stipitate
glands, rather viscous. P. mollis Wolff (1815). Koch. —
As the last; Sion, Vevey, Freib., Bern. 4

montana Lej. (1811). 1573.

OBS. To investigate : P. oblongata ScJirad. = P. montana tuberosa. See

N. Beitr. I, 18.

Solanacea-.

289

407. Cerinthe. Cerinthe. V, 30.

1. Anthers as long as their filaments. Ls ciliate. C. aspera
Roth.-Sion; Wolf (1872 and 1873). 6 * major L. 1574.

- Anthers 4 times as long as their filaments. Ls not ciliate.
C. glabra Gaud, not Mill. — Alp. and Jura 0

alpina Kit. 1575.

75. Solancaeae.

408. Lycium. Lycium. V, 34.

1. Cor. -tube almost as long as the limb. Berries oblong.
Branches pendant, spiny. Cal. bilabiate (L. vulgare Dun. )
or almost 5-toothed (L. sineuse Lam.). — Hedges, sub-
spontaneous. 6, 7 . . . f barbarum L. 157G.

— Cor. -tube almost twice as long as the limb. Berries al¬
most globular. Branches stiff, very spiny. L. medi-
terraneum Dun.— Southern Europe; rarely cultivated. G

f europaeum L. 1577.

409. Solatium. Solatium. Y, 34, 55.

1. Ls interrupted-imparipinnate. Potato.— Cultivated every¬
where. 6 . t tuberosum L. 1578.

— Ls undiv. or (in 1579) the upper auricled-ternate *2

2. Perenn. pis. Principal stem woody, branches herbaceous,

climbing or prostrate. FIs violet, rarely white. Berries
oblong, red. Bitter-sweet. — b. Morale Raab. Stem and ls
with a short tomentum.— Damp thickets, shores; distrib.;
b. Y. 6 . Dulcamara L. 1579.

- — Ann. pi. Stem herbaceous. FIs white, rarely tinted with
violet. Berries globular. Type of S. nigrum . ,‘>

8. PI. without much smell, with more or less scattered,
stiff”, hooked or applied hairs, which, on the (often al¬
most winged) angles of the stem and branches, spring
from small tubercles. Berries black when ripe, rarely
(b. chlorocarpum Spenn.) green or (c. humile Mill.)
greenish yellow, or red (d. rubrum Mill). — Rubbish-
heaps, road-sides, gardens ; distrib. ; b. c. d. in the Cantons
of Wall., Yaud, and Geneva. 6 . . nigrum L. 1580..

— PI. with a scent of musk, hairy, almost gray-tomentoser
Berries greenish yellow or (b. miniatum Bernh.) orange - o
minium-red. — As the last; T. V. 6 villosum Lam. 1581.*)

OBS. S. Lycopersicum Tournef. (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.), tomato

has large scarlet fr. like a furrowed apple, and is gen. cultivated ; also .S,

Melongena L.

*) According to others it is necessary to distinguish : 1 . S. alatum Monch
(miniatum Bernh.). Branches with angles prominent, almost winged and with
stronger haired tubercles; fr. always red. — 2. S. villosum Lam Branches with
obtuse angles; pi more hairy, almost villous-tomentose ; fr. orange-coloured ; but,
it is said also greenish and indeed black. The two species have a scent of musk.

290

Solanacese. Scrophulariace*.

410. Nicandra. Nicandra. V, 56.

1. Ls oval or elliptic, sinuate-dentate. FIs solitary, fairly
large, light blue, white below. — Sometimes subsponta-
neous on rubbish-heaps and in gardens. 7

* *physaloides Gartn. 1582.

411. Physalis. Physalis. Y, 56.

1. Ls oval, almost entire. FIs solitary, dirty white. Berry
like a scarlet cherry enclosed in the, at last, enlarged,
minium coloured calyx. — Stony, thickety places, hedges;
distrib. 6 . . Alkekengi L. 1583.

412. Atropa. Atropa. Y, 54.

1. Ls oval, entire. FIs gen. solitary, reddish brown. Berry
the size of a cherry, black, shining. — Woods, especially
where recent clearings have been made; distrib. 6

Belladonna L. 1584.

413. Hyoscyamus. Henbane. Y, 53.

1. Ls gen. sinuate-pinnatifid, the upper half clasping. FIs
almost sessile in a 1-sided spike, dirty yellow, net-
veined with violet. The ann., weakly, pl.t IL agrestis
Kit.; the same with fls completely yellow: H. pallidus
Kit. — Waste places and gardens, especially in warm
parts. 5 . niger L. 1585.

414. Datura. Datura. Y, 52.

1. Ls oval, sinuate-dentate. Fls very large, white, rarely
(b. Tatula L .) light violet. Fr. like that of the horse-
chestnut. — As the last; b. Rorschach, Lausanne, Aigle ; 6, 7

Stramonium L. 1586.

415. Nicotiana. Tobacco. Y, 53.

1. Cor. greenish yellow, with a flat limb; lobes very short,

obtuse or short-acuminate. — 7 . f rustica L. 1587.

— Cor. rose-coloured, infundibuliform ; lobes acuminate 2

2. Ls oblong-lanceolate, acuminate; lateral nerves forming
an acute angle with the middle one. 7 f Tabacum L. 1588.

— Ls broad elliptic or oval, acute or short-acuminate;

lateral nerves forming almost a right angle with the
middle one.— 7 . . . . f I atissima Mill. 1589.

76. Scrophulariacese.

410. Verbascum. Mullein. V, 50.

1. Inflorescence with glandiferous hairs. Fls solitary,
more rarely in pairs, forming a lax raceme. Filaments

Scrophulariaceae.

291

of the stas covered with violet hairs. — lioad-sides, shores,
(wanting in W. ? U. L A.). 6 . Blattaria L. 1590.

— Inflorescence without glandiferous hairs; fls in clusters
of 3 or more and arranged in a spike or panicle 2

2. Filaments of the stas covered wdth violet or purple

hairs. Lower Is cordate at the base. — Ilills, road-sides;
distrib. 7 . nigrum L. 1591.

— Filaments of the stas with white hairs ... 3

3. Ls more or less decurrent. Anthers of the 2 longer

stas more or less decurrent ..... 4-

— Ls not decurrent. Anthers not decurrent . . 7

4. Cor. -limb concave. Anthers of the 2 longer stas de¬

current to a short distance, that is to say, the free part
of the filament 4 times as long os the anther. Stig.
capitate, not decurrent. Type of L. Thapsus 5 . 5

— Cor. -limb almost flat. Anthers of the 2 longer stas de¬
current to a longer distance: the free part of the fila¬
ment only 1^2—2 times the length of the anther. Stig.
clavate, decurrent at the base. Type of V. plilomoides 6

5. Ls entirely decurrent (from one to the other). The 2
longer stas with glabr., or almost glabr., filaments. Cor.
rather small, 20 —22 mm broad. Stem 60 — 150 cm. — Stony,
uncultivated places, wood-clearings; distrib. 7

Thapsus L. 1592.

— Ls shortly or half decurrent. Filaments of the stas all

woolly. Otherwise as in the last, but stem lower and
tomentum on the Is more yellowish. — b.pseudothapsiforme
Bap. Ls decurrent to a longer distance, more distinctly
crenate ; cor. larger, 25 — 30 mm broad —As the last,
by preference in the mount., especially G. T. W. U,
b. Y. 6 . montanum Schrad. 1593.

6. Ls entirely decurrent. Differing also from 1592 in the
cor. being much larger (30—35 mm broad) and in the
ls being more distinctly crenate and acuminate.— As
1592; fairly distrib. (wanting in U.). 7

thapsiforme Schrad. 1594.

— Ls half-decurrent. Tomentum more yellowish than in
the last.— As the last, but much rarer; G. W. V. B. J. Z 7

phlomoides L. 1595.

7 (3). Stem and branches angular-furrowed. Ls almost glabr.
above, writh a short gray tomentum underneath. — Waste
places, hills, road-sides; distrib.; the form with white fls
(b. album Monch ) more common in some countries than
the type. 6 . Lychnitis L. 1596.*)

*) V. incanum Gaud, which apparently differs in the ls being' of an
intenser yellow, and the capsules more pointed, in Wall.

292

Scrophuluriacea?.

— Stem and branches cvlindric. Ls covered on both sides

«/

with a white cottony tomentum, which detaches it¬
self in flakes. V. floccosum auct. — As the last; T. V.

B. J. 6 . pulverulentum Vill. 1597.

OBS. The numerous hybrid forms may be classed as follows :

I. Ls shortly or half - decurrent. FIs clustered.

a. Wool of the stas white.

a Anthers equal: V. Lychni, is-Thapsus (spurium Koch); V.
pulverulentum-thapsiforme (f. concolor =V. mosellanum
Wirtg.).

ftt Anthers of the 2 longer stas distinctly decurrcnt : V. Lycli -
nitix-thapsiforme (ramigerum Schrad.).

b. Wool of the stas entirely or purtly violet.

Anthers of the 2 longer stas obliquely decurrent : V. pul¬
verulent mn-thapxiforme (f. bicolor: nothum Koch).
ftm Anthers equal: V. nigrum- thapsi forme (adulterinum Koch);
V. nigrum-Thapsus vcollinum Schrad).

II. Ls not decurrent.

a. FIs clustered.

C4, Wool of the stas white: V. Lychnitis-pulverulentiun (Re-
gelianum Wirtg.).

ft' Wool of the stas violet: V. Lychnitis-nigrum (Schiedeanum
Koch) ; V. ni grum-pu I verulentum (mixtum Ram.),
b FIs solitary or 2-4 together; raceme lax; habit of 1590;
V. Bluttaria-Lychnitis (blattarioides Gaud, not Lam., V. Pseudo-
blattaria Schleich. Koch); V. Blattaria-thapsiforme (Bastardi
R. Sch.).

Also: V. montanum-ni grum (uriense Grml ).

417. Scrophularia. Fig-wort. XIV, 41.

1. Cymes all in the axils of true Is. Cal. -lobes without
scarious edges.— Very rare and probably only adven¬
titious; formerly near Martigny and Bischofzell ; recently
found again by Sandoz near Bex (Fenalet sous Gryon). 6

*vernalis L. 1598.

— Cymes, at least the upper ones, in the axils of bracts,
forming a terminal panicle. Cal. -lobes with scarious edges 2

2. Ls undiv., toothed or crenate. FIs reddish or greenish

brown ......... 3

— Ls 1 — 2-pinnatisect. FIs blackish violet, variegated with

white ......... 6

3. Petioles not winged. Cal.-lobes with narrow edges.
Rt-stock noded-tubercular. — Damp thickets, distrib. 6

nodosa L. 1599.

— Petioles broadly winged. Cal.-lobes with broad edges.
Type of S. aquatica ......

4. Ls, at any rate the lower, rounded-obtuse at the top,
cordate at the base and often with 2 auricles on the
petiole, obtusely crenate. Staminode (rudiment of sta.)
rounded-reniform, scarcely incised). S. oblongifolia Lois.
— Damp places, ditches; W. V. 6 Balbisii Hornem. 1600.

— Ls acute or obtuse, not or scarcely cordate. Staminode

incised or slightly 2-lobed . ... 5

Scrophulariacese.

293

5. Ls toothed, with acute teeth. Staminode obcordate-2-lobed.

Stem with erect branches. — As the last; hitherto con¬
founded with the following! Z. 0 . * Ehrharti Stev. 1601.
The lower ls crenate, the upper toothed. Staminode
almost 3 times as broad as long, truncate at the base,
slightly incised in front. Stem with spreading branches.
— As the last; probably distrib. (hitherto we have only
seen this species in Switz. !). 6 . Neesii Wirtg. 1602.

6 (2). Upper lip of the cor. 1/s the length of the tube.
Panicle with almost sessile glands — Stony places, gravel-
beds of rivers and lakes; in certain parts (wanting in
U. S.) 8 . canina L. 1603.

— Upper lip of the cor more than 1 2 the length of the

tube. Panicle with distinctly stipitate glands. Ls more
finely div. than in the. Ia9t, 6s and fr. larger. — Stony
places, debris in the Jura. 7, 8 . Hoppei Koch. 1604.

418. Linaria. Toad-flax. XIV, 39.

1. Palate of the cor. not entirely closing the throat. FIs

with fairly long peduncles, placed in the 1. -axils or in
lax racemes. Ls lanceolate. PI. pubescent-glandular,
rarely (b. prcetennissa glabr. (Coppet). — Fields,

walls; distrib. 6 minor Desf. 1605.

— Palate of the cor. closing the throat almost entirely 2

2. FIs solitary, in the 1. -axils, distant. Ls broad, all, the

upper as well, distinctly petioled .... 3

— FIs in racemes (without ls, sometimes short, almost

like heads). Ls linear or linear-lanceolate, sessile or
the lower narrowed to a short petiole . . . o

3. Ls with long petioles, cordate-orbicular, with 5— 7 lobes,
glabr. Perenn. pis Fls pale violet. - Old walls and rocks,
especially near lakes (wanting in G. S.). 5

Cymbalaria Mill. 1606.

— Ls shortly petioled, oval or orbicular-oval, entire or

sinuate-dentate, hairy. Ann. pis. Fls of a more or less
light yellow, with a violet upper lip . . 4

4. Ls gen. hastate or sagittate at the base. Peduncles

capillary, gen. glabr. Cal. -lobes lanceolate. Spur almost
straight. — Fields, everywhere after the crops (wanting
in G. U.). 7 . Elatine Mill. 1607.

— Ls all rounded or slightly cordate at the base. Ped¬
uncles villous. Cal.-lobes oval-lanceolate. Spur curved.
— As the last (wanting in T. U.). 7 spuria Mill. 1608.

5 (2). Fls blue or violet. (Lower ls opp. or whorled) G

— Fls yellow. (Seeds winged-marginate) S

6. FI -stems prostrate or ascending. Fls violet-blue, with
safron yellow palate or (v. unicolor) on the granite Alp.
almost all of one colour, very rarely pale yellow (Sargans) ;

294

Scrophulariaceae.

b .petrceaJord. Stem ascending ; leaves and fr. -racemes more
elongated; spur slenderer. — Debris on the Alp. and sub¬
alp., descending with streams; b. Jura. 7 alpina Mill. 1609.

— FI. -stems erect or almost so .... 7

7. Fr. -racemes elongated. Seeds emarginate. Perenn., glabr.

pis.— Fields, lower Rhone-valley ; very rare and gen.
only changeable, scarcely indigenous. 7 striata Dec. 1610.

— Fr. -racemes short. Seeds edged-marginate. Ann. pi. Ped¬
uncles and cal. pubescent-glandular. —As the last. 6

arvensis Desf. 1611.

8 (5). Ann. pis. Lower Is opp. or whorled. FIs small (5 to
6 mm). Peduncles and cal. pubescent-glandular.— As the
last. 6 . simplex Dec. 1612.

— Perenn. pis. Ls all altern. FIs larger ... ,9

9. Axis of the raceme and peduncles pubescent-glandular.

FIs large (25 — 30 mm with the spur). — Stony places, roads,
fields; distrib. 7 ... . vulgaris Mill. 1613.

— Axis of the raceme and peduncles always glabr. FIs

1/s smaller than in the last. Valleys of the southern
Alps; W. 6 . italica Trev. 1614.

419. Antirrhinum. Snap-dragon. XIY, 39.

1. Cal.-lobes oval, much shorter than the cor. ; cor. very large
(40—45 mm). — Old walls, especially in eastern Switz.
(naturalised). 6 .... majus L. 1615.

— Cal.-lobes linear, as long as, or longer than, the cor.; cor.
smaller than in the last. — Fields, stubble; not every¬
where (wanting in G. U. L. A.). 6 Orontium L. 1616.

420. Anarrhmum. Anarrhinuni. XIY, 38.

1. Rad. ls oblong-obovate, the caul. 5 — 7-partite. FIs small,
violet, in long spike-like racemes. — Stony fields; Peney
near Geneva. 6 bellidifolium Desf. 1617.

421. Gratiola. Gratiola. II, 12.

1. Ls opp., sessile, lanceolate, toothed. FIs in the l.-axils.
— Marshy fields; fairly distrib. (wanting in W. ?). 7

officinalis L. 1618.

422. Limosella. Limosel. XIY, 36.

1. Lsspathulate-linear, radical, as also thepeduncles. Pedunc¬
les shorter than the ls. PI. 3 — 4 cm high. — Marshy places,
shores; rather rare (wanting in G. L.). 7 aquatica L. 1619.

423. Veronica. Speedwell. II, 12.

1. FIs placed in the axils of bracts, forming spikes or
racemes; spikes or racemes springing from the
axils of ls; in 1626 and 1629 often apparently term-

Scrophulariacere.

295

inal ; in 1630 there is sometimes a smaller terminal
bract ......... '>

— FIs placed in the axils of Is or bracts, forming racemes
or spikes, but the racemes or spikes are terminal Vi

2. Cal. 5-partite. the 5th lobe small. (Ls almost sessile or

sessile) ......... 3

— Cal. 4-partite. ........ 3

3. FIs pale blue or lilac. Stems numerous, slender, coated
with a short, gray covering, prostrate-spreading in a
circle and ascending. Ls linear-lanceolate. Racemes
shorter and Us smaller than in the 2 following. Capsule
glabr. — Grassy places, slopes; W. J. (Dornach). Z. Dies-
senhofen). 5, earlier than the following species

prostrata L. 1(520.

— FIs azure blue. Stems gen. not numerous, ascending or

almost erect ........ 4

4. Ls narrow, linear-lanceolate. V. austriaca L. ex. Kern.
— As the last; Neuchatel (Brevine).G dentata Schmidt. 1621.

— Ls broader, oval or oval-oblong, with faintly cordate
or rounded base. V. lati folia auct. not L. — Grassy places,
slopes, road-sides; fairly distrib. (wanting in U) 6

Teucrium L. 1622.

5 (2). PI. glabr. or almost glabr., growing in the water or
in damp places ....... (j

— PI. hairy, growing on dry ground ... 3

6. Racemes altern. Capsule compressed, Hat, broader than
long, deeply incised— 2-lobed. Ls sessile, lanceolate-linear.
Marshy fields: fairly distrib. (wanting in G.). 6

scutellata L. 1623.

— Racemes opp. Caps, inflated, round, slightly incised 7

7. Ls shortly petioled, elliptic, obtuse.- Ditches, brooks;

distrib. 5 . Beccabunga L. 1624.

— Ls sessile, oval-lanceolate, acute. - Var. aquation Bernh.
See N. Beitr. II, 9. — As the last. 5 Anagallis L. 1625

8 (5). Stem reduced, up to 3 cm (rarely longer), consequently
the Is crowded together almost in a rosette, and
the racemes apparently terminal, only 3-5-fld. — Alp.,
subalp. and high points in the Jura. 7 aphylla L. 1626.

— Stem 15 — 50 cm, ls more distant . ... O

9. Stems with 2 opp. lines of hairs Racemes lax, only

with 2 — 3 fls open at a time. — Grassy places, road-sides;
everywhere. 4, 5 . Chamaedrys L. 1627.

— Stems hairy all round ...... 10

10. Ls with fairly long petioles, orbicular-oval. Capsule

broader than long, incised at the base and the top (al¬
most resembling the silicule of a Biscutella). Racemes
composed of 3 — 7 fls. — Damp woods, not common (want¬
ing in G. T.). 5 montana L. 1628.

296

Scrophulariacese.

— Ls sessile or very shortly petioled. Capsule triangular-

obcordate or orbicular, not incised at the base. Racemes
with 20, and more, fls . . . . . .11

11. Ls shortly petioled, obovate-elliptic, obtuse or acute.
Fls in dense racemes. Stem prostrate and rooting at
the base. — Wood-clearings; everywhere. 6

officinalis L. 1629.

— Ls sessile, oval, the upper long-acuminate. Fls in lax

racemes. Stems ascending-erect. V. latifolia L. ex Kern.
— Mountain woods; distrib. 6 . urticifolia L. 1630.

12 (1). Floral ls, the upper also, of the same form as the
others and almost as large, the fls, in consequence, i n
the 1.- axils. Fr. -pedicels spreading or reflexed. Stem
branching from the base, the branches prostrate or de¬
cumbent; seeds cup-shaped, hollowed on one side and
convex on the other ...... 13

— Floral ls, at any rate the upper, differing from the

lower in form (reduced bracts) . . . .17

13. Ls with 3—7 lobes. Cal. -lobes, after flowering, cordate-
oval, ciliate, bent outwards at the lateral edges. Cells
of the capsule with 1 — 2 seeds. — Fields, walls; every¬
where. 3 . . . . . . hederifolia L. 1631.

— Ls crenate-dentate. Cal. -lobes not cordate. Cells of the

caps, containing 3 — 12 seeds .... 11

14 Fls rather large (10 -15 mm broad). Capsule incised in
an obtuse angle, the lobes of the angle compressed,
divergent. Fr. -pedicels much longer than the ls. V. Bux-
baumii Ten. — Fields, road-sides ; almost everywhere. 3 — 10

persica Poir. 1632.

— Fls much smaller (5—7 mm broad). Capsule incised in

an acute or right angle, the lobes of the angle more
or less swollen, almost parallel. Fr. -pedicels as long as,
or rather longer than, the ls . . . 15

15. Stas inserted about the middle of the cor. -tube. Cor.
dark blue Ls dull green, orbicular-oval, shortly hairy.
— Cultivated places; rare; indicated near Morscliach,
Canton Schwyz ; Cham, Winterthur, Chur. 4 opaca L. 1633.

— Stas inserted above the lower edge of the cor -tube l(i

16. Cor. white, one of the lobes bluish or rose-coloured.
Cells of the caps, containing 3 — 5 (2—6) seeds Style not
exceeding the incision. Ls of a rather yellowish green,
oblong-oval, crenate-dentate. — Cultivated places ; distrib.
but less common than the following. 4—10

agrestis L. 1634.

— Cor. blue (very rarely white and all one colour). Cells
of the caps containing 8 — 10 (5 — 12) seeds. Style slightly
exceeding the incision. Ls dark green (in Spring often
small, rather shining, in Autumn larger and more hairy),

Scrophulariaeero.

297

orbicular-oval, deeply crenate-dentate. — As the last; dis-
trib. 3—10 . polita Fr. 1035.

17(12). Bracts very small, consequently the inflorescence
well separated from the leafy part of the pi. Cor. -tube
longer than broad. Ls crenate-dentate, entire towards
the top. — b. hybrid a L. PI. more vigorous; ls broader,
the lower oval. — Grassy places, bills; here and there
(wanting in L.). 6, 7 . . . spicata L. 1636.

— Lower bracts differing little from the upper caul. Is,
the separation of the inflorescence, therefore, less marked.
Cor.-tube very short ...... IS

18. Middle ls of the stem pinnatifid or palmatipartite (rarely

undiv. in dwarf pis) . ..... 10

— Ls all undiv. ........ 20

19. Pedicels shorter than the cal. Racemes (also when
mature) rather dense. Capsule broader than long, com¬
pressed. Seeds flat. PI. glandular (v. succulcnta All.) or
without glands. — Hills, grassy places ; G. T. W. V. U. 4

verna L. 1637

— Pedicels as long as, or longer than, the cal. Racemes lax;

fls rather large. Capsule about as broad as long, inflated
at the base. Seeds cup-shaped. — Fields; not everywhere
(wanting in T. U. A ). 3, 4 . . * triphylla L. 1638.

20. Perenn. pis; fl. -stems gen. simple (alpine pis except

1639) . 21

— Ann. or bienn. pis; stem branchy, at any rate in strong
pis .......... 2i 5

21. Racemes many-fld, elongated. Caps, broader than long, 3
compressed, incised. Style long. Stem prostrate at the
base and often rooting. Ls almost glabr. — b. nummula-
rioides Lee. Lam. Ls more orbicular. Racemes pubescent-
glandular, shorter.— Damp pasturages, road-sides and
fields; distrib. b. Alp. and higher Jura. 5

serpyllifolia L. 1639.

— Racemes few-fld (5 — 10 fls, rarely more), short, at least

during flowering, often corymb-shaped. Capsule oval,
oblong-oval, or obovate, rather inflated, little or not at
all incised ........ 22

22. Rad. ls larger, crowded in a rosette, persistent, the
caul. 1 — 3 pairs, distant. — b. Toivnsendi Grml. (lilacina
Townsend!). PI. more robust; ls longer, distinctly
toothed; anthers whitish; caps, narrowed towards the
top. — Alp.; b. W. (Bellalp, Riederhorn.). 6

bellidioides L. 1640.

— Rad. or lower ls smaller, not in a rosette or already

withered by the time of flowering . . . 23

21

298

Scrophulariaceae.

28. Racemes short, dense, without glands. FIs small (5 — 7 mm
broad). Style only 1/3 — 1/2 the length of the caps. Stem
herbaceous. — Alp. and higher parts of the Jura. 7

alpina L. 1641.

— Racemes more or less elongated. FIs larger t 10 — 12 mm

broad). Styles about as long as the caps. Stem woody
at the base ........ 24

24. Racemes pubescent-glandular. Cor. light rose-colour,
with darker veins. -Stony, calc, places of the Alp. and
subalp. ; Dole and Reculet in the Jura. 7

fruticulosa L. 1642.

— Racemes covered with jointed hairs, not glandular Cor.

blue with a red ring at the throat. Caps, narrowed
towards the top. Caul. Is more distant than in the last.
— By preference on granite soil; Alp., Cret du Miroir
in the Jura. 7 .... saxatilis Jacq. 1643.

25 (20). Pedicels shorter than the cal. Ls cordate-oval, the
upper sessile. Two of the cal.-lobes strikingly larger. —
Grassy places, road-sides; distrib. 4, 5 arvensis L. 1644.

— Pedicels longer than the cal. (V. serpyllifolia, which

might be looked for here, is distinguished by its stems
being prostrate at the base and rooting, also by its long
style) ......... 2 6*

26. Caps, broader than long, div. almost to the middle into
2 rounded lobes. Seeds flat. Ls feebly crenate. -Fields,
rare; T. W. Y. B. J. Z. 4 . . ‘ acinifolia L. 1645.

— Caps, longer than broad, faintly incised. Seeds cup-shaped.
Ls distinctly crenate. — Fields ; T. W. Y. J. Z. S. 3, 4

prsecox L. 1646.

424. Erinus. Erinus. XIV, 42.

1. Ls spathulate, crenate towards the top. FIs in racemes,
violet-rose. — Alp., subalp. and Jura, especially on calc,
soil. 6 . alpinus L. 1647.

425. Digitalis. Fox-glove. XIV, 42.

1. Cor. (yellow) large (30 — 45 mm long), campanulate,
spotted with brown inside. Ls pubescent underneath or
on both sides. D. grandiflora All.— Stony, wooded slopes;
distrib. 6 . ambigua Murr. 1648.

— Cor. smaller (20—22 mm long), tubular, not spotted. Ls
glabr., ciliate. — As the last (wanting in S.). 6 lutea L. 1649.

OBS. Hybrid: D. ambigua-lutea (media Roth.)— D. purpurea L. is often

cultivated in gardens.

426. Alectorolophus. Alectorolophus. XIV, 33.

1. Teeth of the upper lip of the cor. very short, whitish,
more rarely violet (v. vittulatus) and then the stem

Scrophulariacese.

299

streaked with brown. Bracts green, or slightly tinted
with brown. — Varied: Ls only half as broad (v. steno-
phyllus). — Rather damp meadows; distrib. b. Alp. 5

minor Wimm. Grab. 1650.

— Teeth of the upper lip of the cor. longer than broad,

gen. violet.*) Bracts, especially the upper ones, pale.
Stem gen. marked with small brown streaks . 2

2. Lower lip of the cor. directed forwards, almost parallel

with the upper lip . . . . . . . 3

— Lower lip of the cor. spreading below; upper lip much

curved-ascending (cal. glabr.) . ... 4

3. Cal. glabr. or covered with scattered hairs Seed broadly

winged. Differing also from A. minor in the fls being
rather larger (cor. 20 mm long), in the cor. -tube being
rather bent and the bloom later. — Meadows, pastur¬
ages: much rarer than A. minor and A. hirsutus; not
everywhere. 6 . . . . major Wimm. Grab. 1651.

— Cal., as also the bracts, more or less strongly*villou 8.

Seed narrowly winged. Cal. with a closer net-work of
veins than in the last. — Among the corn, also in fields;
distrib. 6 . hirsutus All. 1652.

4. Ls oblong-lanceolate. Bracts as in A. major, but rather

more deeply incised. Cal. often spotted with black. Cor
pale yellow; lower lip small. — Alp.; G. W. ! V.! and
probably in other parts. 7, 8 . alpinus Garck. 1653.

— Ls linear-lanceolate. Bracts long-acuminate, with deep,
linear-subulate teeth terminated by an awn. Cal. not
spotted ......... o

5. Stem 3 — 6 dm; branches spreading. — Hills and pas¬
turages exposed to the sun, especially on calc, soil
(wanting in W.). 7, later than A. major and A. hirsutus

angustifolius Heynh. 1654.

— Stem lower; branches, if any, less spreading. — Alp. ;
Engadine! and probably in other parts also. 7, 8

aristatus (Cel.) Grml. 1655.

427. Pedicularis. Louse-wort. XIV, 40.

1. Caul, ls whorled or 3 or 4 together. Fls red.— Alp. 7

verticillata L. 1656.

— Caul, ls altern. or 0 . . . . . 2

2. Fls red, very rarely white ..... 3

— Fls yellow ........ 11

3. Upper lip of the cor. prolonged in a distinct beak,
more or less long, but without lateral teeth ■/

— Upper lip of the cor. with neither beak nor teeth, or

*) A. hirsutus very rarely varied with pale teeth, and then the stem
is not streaked (v. leucodon).

300

Scrophulariaceae.

with a short beak bearing an acute tooth on each side
of the base ........ .9

4. Beak rather short, conic. Cal. -lobes pinnatifid. Ls very
hairy. P. fasciculata auct. not Bell. — Alp.; T. W. (M.
Generoso, Calbege; Gr. St. Bernard). 7

gyroflexa Gaud. 1657.

— Beak long, linear ....... 5

5. Spike finally long (7 — 12 cm). Cal.-lobes straight, lanceo¬

late-subulate, with almost entire edges, the long
lobes as long as the cor. -tube. Stem 15—45 cm , leafy.
— Alp.; G. W. 7 . . . incarnata Jacq. 1658.

— Spike short or almost in the form of a head. Cal.-lobes

shorter than the cor. -tube. Stem 3 — 10 cm, rarely taller,
almost leafless ....... 6

6. Cal.-lobes pinnatifid, straight, rather shorter than the
cal. -tube which is very villous-woolly. P. Bonjeani Coll.
Bert. — Indicated on the Gr. St. Bernard (valleed’Aoste!). 7

*cenisia Gaud. 1659.

— Cal.-lobes irreg. crenate, recurved at the top, only 1/3

the length of the cal. -tube ..... 7

7. Stas all glabr. Cal. oblong-campanulate, rounded at the
base, villous-woolly; cal.-lobes only slightly crenate. —
Alp.; G. (Samnaum on the Tyrol frontiers). 7

asplenifolia Flork. 1660.

— Stas more or less hairy. Cal -lobes inciso-crenate 8

8. Cal. tubular, short-villous all over. Stem not high, as¬
cending. (P. csespitosa Sieb. sec. Steininger = rhsetica
Kern. = Kerneri Dalla Torre not Hut.) — Alp. 7

rostrata L. 1661.

— Cal. oblong-campanulate, gen. only hairy on the nerves.

Stem taller, more erect. — Alp.; G. (only on the borders
of the Tyrol). 1 ... . Jacquini Koch. 1662.

9 (3). Upper lip of the cor. with neither beak nor teeth.
Cal.-lobes lanceolate, entire. FIs of a blackish red. —
Alp. 7 . recutita L. 1663.

— Upper lip of the cor. with a short beak, with a tooth
on each side of the base. Cal.-lobes dentate-pinnatifid 10

10. Stem 10— 15cm, branchy only at the base; branches
(lateral stems) more feeble, decumbent-ascending; central
stem leafy almost from the base. — Marshes, especially
of the mount.; not common (wanting in G. T. W. S.) 5, 6

sylvatica L. 1664.

— Stem 30 — 45 cm, erect, branched in its lower portion,

only leafy towards the top; branches spreading-erect.
— Marshy meadows; distrib. 5 . palustris L. 1665.

11 (2). Upper lip of the cor. terminated by a long beak 12

— Upper lip of the cor. without beak . . . 13

Serophulariacetc.

301

12- Cal. -lobes foliaceous, inciso-dentate. — Alp. (more common
in eastern Switz.); Saleve. 7 . . tuberosa L. 1666.

Cal. -lobes lanceolate, acuminate, entire. Spike longer
and more lax than in the last. P. ascendens Gaud, not
Schleich., P. Gaud. Arv.-Touv. — Alp.; W. V. B. 0. (eastern
Switz.). 7 . Barrelieri Rchb. 1667.

18. Upper lip of the cor. villous outside. FIs uniformly
yellow. Stem 40 — 50 cm — Alp. and Jura. 6 foliosa L. 1668.

— Upper lip of the cor. glabr , marked on 2 sides below
the top with a blackish-red spot. P. versicolor Wahlbg.
Alp.; the whole northern chain from St. Gallen to Canton
Vaud, wanting in the central Alp. 7 Oederi Vahl. 1660.

OBS. Hybrids: P gyroflexa-tubero<a (according to l’enzig on Mt. Genc-

roso) ; asplenifolia-Jacquini ; P. incarnata-recutita (atrorubens Schleich i;

P. incarnata-rostrata ; P. recutita-tuberoaa (Murithiana Arv.-Touv.); this latter

we have not seen. P. .7 acquini-tuberosa ; P. rostrata-tuberosa.

428. Tozzia. Tozzia. XIV, 31.

1. Ls opp., sessile, oval, crenate-dentate. FIs in the 1. -axils,
yellow, the upper lip spotted with red. — Damp places
in the Alp., subalp. and Jura. 6 . . alpina L. 1670.

429. Melampyrum. Cow-wheat. XIY, 34.

1. Bracts folded together, the edges turned upwards. Spikes
compact, quadrangular. — Wood-edges, hills (wanting in
G. U. L. A. also in eastern and central Switz.). 6

cristatum L. 1671.

— Bracts flat ........ 2

2. FIs in a cylindric spike, fairly dense. Bracts pinnatifid
at the base, marked underneath with black spots, red
(rarely pale yellow).— Fields, hills; 6 arvense L. 1672.

— FIs in a lax, unilateral raceme ... .3

3. Bracts cordate at the base, the upper of a fine violet-
blue (rarely whitoj. Cal. villous. — Wood-sides, hills;
plentiful above Vevey! Bienne? 6, 7 nemorosum L. 1673.

— Bracts lanceolate, green. Cal. glabr. or only rough 4

4. Bracts entire, rarely enlarged at the base and with a
tooth on each side. Cal. -teeth triangular-lanceolate, spread¬
ing. Cor. golden yellow, all of one colour. — Woods in
the mount, (wanting in Z. S.). 7 . sylvaticum L. 1674.

— Bracts with 1 — 3 long lanceolate-subulate teeth on each
side of the base. Cal. -teeth lanceolate-subulate, almost
applied. Cor. yellow with whitish tube, rarely entirely
yellow. — Woods, peat-moss; everywhere. 6

pratense L. 1675.*)

*) M. commutatum Tausch ; the true M. pratense (prat, paludosum
Gaud.) differs accoiding to Kerner in the red-brown (instead of yellow) anthers
and the styles not exceeding the upper lip. Vallee de Jottx.

302

Scrophulariacese.

430. Bartsia. Bartsia. XIV, 35.

1. Ls opp., oval, crenate-dentate, the fl.-ls violet. FIs dark
violet, in a short spike. Anthers covered with white
wool.— b. parviflora Charp. FIs much smaller, pedicels
much longer. — Alp., subalp. and Jura. 6 alpilia L. 1676.

431. Euphrasia. Eyebright. XIV, 35.

1. Lobes of the lower lip undiv. or faintly emarginate.

Odontites auct. ........ 2

— Lobes of the lower lip deeply incised or 2-fid. Type of

E . officinalis ........ 3

2. FIs red. Type of E. Odontites . ... 3

— FIs yellow ........ df

3. Bracts longer than the fls. Cal. -lobes lanceolate. Stem

15— 25cm, not very branchy; branches spreading-erect.
— Among the corn; distrib. 6 . Odontites L. 1677.

— Bracts shorter than, or scarcely as long as, the fls. Cal.-

lobes almost triangular. Stem gen. taller than in the
last, with more numerous, slenderer, more spreading
branches. E. divergens Jord. — Fields after mowing, damp
pasturages, road-sides, ditches; as widely distrib. as the
last but much later. 8, 9 . serotina Lam. 1678.*)

4. PI. covered with crisp, glandless, hairs. Fls of a fine
yellow. — Dry hills; local (wanting in U. L.). 7, 8

lutea L. 1679.

— PI. covered with spreading, glandular hairs. Fls pale

yellow. — Pine woods; W. (Bois de Finges and between
Yaren and the baths of Leuk). 7 . . viscosa L. 1680.

5 (1). Fl.-ls, at any rate the upper ones, covered like the
cal. with spreading glandiferous hairs . . G

— PI. absolutely without glandiferous hairs . . 8

6. Cor. small, tube enclosed. Ls broad, the upper much

crowded; teeth broad, those of the lower ls (and often
also of the middle ls) obtuse. Stem stiff, gen. simple,
with abundant jointed, partly band-shaped, pointed hairs.
—Alp.; G. W. V. 0. J. Freibg.! 7 hirtella Jord. 1681.**)

*) E. Kochii F. Schultz differs from E. serotina and E. Odontites in
its anthers being glabr. (not bearded) at the base; Schultz has erroneously
indicated it as growing in Switzerland.

**) The following forms still stand in need of further examination : E. brevi-
pila Burn, and Grml. according to Townsend, in the Journ. of Botany 1884,
with glandiferous hairs less abundant, distinctly shorter, the teeth of the upper
ls terminatedby a short awn, 'and the fls rather larger. UpperWall. — E.puberula
Jord.! differing from E. brevipila in the absence of glands, from E. nemorosa
and ericetorum in the dense, spreading, rather stiff hairs, found (at least in
very near forms) near St. Nicolas in Wall., closely allied to E. parviflora Fr.
of the north. — E. mixta Grml. ined. (hirtella-officinalis? Favrat) habit of
E. montana, hairs of E. hirtella, but fls much larger than in this last. Lavanchy
above Bex.

Scrophulariaceae.

303

— Cor. large or medium sized (8 — 12 mm long), with a
more or less prominent tube. Type of E. officinalis 7

7. Stem almost always branchy. Ls oval or oval-oblong,
numerous, crowded. Teeth of the lower Is gen. acute,
of the upper acuminate. PI. gen. with abundant glands.
Cor. large, white, streaked with violet, with a yellow
spot on the lower lip, the upper lip sometimes tinted
with violet. E. Rostkoviana Hayne, E. pratensis Fr.—
b. campestris Jord. (uliginosa Ducom.) PI. less gland¬
ular, with shorter hairs, branches more spreading and
ls smaller. — Meadows, pasturages, wood-clearings; every¬
where. 6 . officinalis auct. 1682.

— Stem simple, rarely branchy. Ls broad-oval, less nu¬

merous, and the inflorescence consequently interrupted.
Teeth of the lower and middle Is obtuse, of the upper
acute or slightly acuminate. Cor. as in the last. PI.
gen. less glandular, earlier. — Damp pasturages; G. T.
W. Y. J. Uri. A. Schwyz! 5, 6 . montana Jord. 1683.

8 (5). Cor. large, broad (9 — 14 mm long), with a prominent
tube, often entirely violet, or tinted with purple-violet.
Stem gen. only 3—5 cm, but frequently branchy. Lower
ls narrow, with obtuse teeth, upper broad, with long-
awned, acuminate, spreading teeth. — Varied: PI. glabr.
or (b. vestita) covered with a short, more or less dense
pubescence. — Central Alp., on granite. G.! \V. ! 7

alpina Lam. 1684.*)

— Cor. small or medium sized, with tube gen. enclosed .9

9. Ls always glabr., narrow, lanceolate or oblong-lanceo¬
late, very cuneiform at the base; teeth gen. only 2 — 4
on each side, distant, deep, spreading (so that the
edge between the teeth continues almost in a straight
line!), acuminate with capillary point. FIs always small.
E. cuprea Jord. ! — b. pennixta Gnnl. ( salisburgensis Jord.!)
Stem often less branchy; Is broader, wi tli less spread¬
ing teeth; racemes shorter. Recalling E. majalis. — Alp.,
subalp. and Jura; b. lower-lying parts. G. \V. Y. B.
A. J. 6 . salisburgensis Funk. 1685.

— Ls oval or oval-oblong, not, or shortly, cuneiform at the
base; teeth less deep and directed more forwards 10

10. Cor. very small; lower lip gen. yellow, upper lip pale
or tinted with violet (v. bicolor); or (v. flava) cor. en¬
tirely yellow; or (v. pallida) cor. coloured much as in

*) A form approaching E. officinalis (E. versicolor Kern.?) in the
Eginenthal.— E. arguta Kern., placed by Townsend by the side of E. alpina,
appears to us to be rather a neighbour or identical with E. officinalis var.
alpestris (better v. anadena) Grml. ; this form, differing from E. offic. in its
almost glabr. glandless Is, may also be found in this country.

304

Scrophulariacere.

E. officinalis. Caps. gen. as long or longer than the Is.
Teeth of the Is gen. 1—3, those of the lower Is obtuse
(with a broadly rounded terminal one), those of the
upper Is acute, rarely (v. subaristata) acuminate with a
short awn, or, in a very small high alpine form (v. minor
Jord.) all obtuse. Varied: pi. glabr. or more or less
covered with a short pubescence. — Alp. and Jura. G.!
W.! V.! B.! J. ! A.! . . . minima Jacq. 1686.

— Lower lip of the cor. never entirely yellow, upper lip

white or tinted with violet, or cor. entirely violet. Caps
gen. shorter than the Is. Teeth 3 — 5 on each side. Type
of E. nemorosa . . . . . . .11

11. Teeth of the upper Is acuminate, but without or with
a short awn. Racemes gen. lax. FIs small. Capsules emar-
ginate at the top. Stem branchy, especially about the
middle, with rather spreading branches. E. rigidula Jord.
— Varied: with dense racemes and thick stem; teeth
less acuminate (v. nitidula Reut.), and slender stems,
lax racemes and capsules as long as, or longer than, the
Is (v. macilenta = E. gracilis Gren. ?) — Pasturages, wood-
sides, often with E. officinalis; G. ! V.! Neuchatel! Bern!
Thurgau! Scluiffh.! the var. nitidula hitherto only in
the Jura. 7, 8 . . . . nemorosa H. Mart. 1 687.

— Teeth of the middle and upper Is acuminate with a

more or less long, capillary awn. Racemes dense (es¬
pecially towards the top). Capsules truncate or rounded
at the top. FIs often rather larger than in the last.
Stem gen. branchy from the base, with long, almost
erect, branches, and often bearing fls from the base
upwards. Ls and cal. almost or entirely glabr. as in
the last. E. aristata Favr. Grml., E. pectinata Ten.? —
b. majalis Jord.! (stricta Sclil. sec. Favrat). Ls light
green, the fl.-ls broader, with more spreading teeth;
racemes shorter. PI. often rather hairy, earlier, often
with a simple stem.— As the last, but probably only in
southern and south-western Switz. Tess. ! Wall.! Geneva!
b. Tess ! Wall.! 7, 8 . . ericetoriim Jord. 1688.

OBS. E. minima-salisburgensis according to Jaggi on Pilatus ; E. erice-

torum-salisburgensis? Cheseret, Canton Vaud (Favrat!).

432. Lathraea. Lathraea. XIY, 29.

1. The whole pi. whitish, with a rosy tint. Raceme uni¬
lateral, drooping at the top before flowering. — Parasitic
on the rts of various trees with decid. ls; here and
there (wanting in G.). 4 . . squamaria L. 1689.

Orobanchacesp.

805

77. Orobanchacese.

433. Phelipaea. Phelipaea. XTV, 30.

1. FIs 12 — 18 mm. Cal. with 4 teeth. Stem gen. branchy.
— On Tobacco and Hemp. 8 . ramosa C. A. IVley. 1690.

— FIs 22 -30 mm. Cal. with 5 teeth, the fifth very small.

Stem simple ........ 2

2. Cor. -tube almost straight, much enlarged above. Lobes
of the lower lip obtuse. Anthers hairy the whole length
of the suture. — On Artemisia campestris; W. V. 6

arenaria Walp. 1691.*)

— Cor. -tube bent, narrow; lobes of the lower lip fairly
acute. Anthers glabr. or only hairy at the obtuse end.
Ph. purpurea Aschers.-On Achillea millefolium, not
common (wanting in U. A.). 6 coerulea C. A. Mey. 1692.

434. Orobanche. Broomrape. XIV, 30.**)

1. Stig. yellow, or with a reddish line round the base 2

— Stig. red, brown or violet ..... 12

2. Seps with several nerves ..... 3

— Seps 1 — 3-nerved. (Cor. campanulate or campanulate-

tubular) ......... 8

3. Stas inserted at about the base of the cor. Cor. 18 to

25 mm long, broad, campanulate, crop-shaped in the
front of the base. On the Papilionaceco . . 4

— Stas inserted in the lower quarter of the cor. -tube. Cor.
18 — 25 mm long, campanulate, but not swollen in front.
(Lips of the cor. ciliate-glandular at the edges.)***)

— Stas inserted in the lower third of the cor. -tube or still
higher. Cor. 20 —25 mm long, tubular-campanulate ****) 3

4. Stas with filaments very hairy below. Cor. yellowish at

the base, then streaked with purple and blood-red at
the throat (rarely entirely yellowish: v. citrina); lips
fringed-ciliate at the edges. Stem 10 — 40 cm. O. gracilis
Sm. — On Lotus, Hippocrepis, Genista, &c.; G. \V. Y.
J. Z. 6 . cruenta Bert. 1693.

— Stas with filaments entirely glabr., at any rate below.
Cor. red or brownish; lips obscurely denticulate, but

*) Ph. ionanthe Kern, (coerulea Schl. exs.), parasitic on the Arte-
misise, is. judging by specimens from the Tyrol, a form of Ph. arenaria.

**) The colour of the stig. should be first noted and, if possible, the nu¬
tritive pi.; then cut a cor. longitudinally down the back so as to see the
pubescence and insertion of the stas.

***) Here the yellow varieties of O. caryopbyllacea and O. Epithymum
may be sought.

***♦) Here the robust forms of O. Hederaj with several-nerved seps may
be sought; this species differs from the following ones in its smaller, tubular,
almost glabr. corollas.

306

Orobanchaceae.

not ciliate. Stem often taller than in the last, much
swollen at the base; spike gen denser. — On Sarotham-
nus in transalpine Switz. 5 . . Rapum Thuill. 1694.

5. Cor. reddish brown, yellowish and curved at the base,

straight as far as the middle, then bent downwards.
Stem 80 — 40 cm , not or only slightly, inflated at the
base. Spike gen. rather lax. Seps broad, unequally
2 — 8-fid. Filaments of the stas hairy, at any rate to
about the middle. ? b. Medicaginis Duby Cor. slenderer ;
lemon yellow. — On Medicago sativa and falcata and on
Melilotus, rare ; Graub., Bale, Schaffhv St. Gallen. 7

rubens Wallr. 1695.

— PI. without the above characteristics ... 6

6. Seps distinct and distant, distinctly shorter than the

cor. -tube; often a third on the back! Stas inserted about
the middle of the tube, the filaments only hairy in the
lower portion. Stem 30 — 50 cm. Cor. of a fawn-yellow,
tinted with violet; lips not glandular-ciliate at the edges.
O. brachysepala F. Schultz, O. Buekiana Koch. — On
Peucedanum Cervaria and Seseli Libanotis ; Saleve,
Orbe, Neuchatel, Zofingen (Luscher), Wiilflingen (Zurich),
SchafFh. 6 Cervarite Suard. 1696.

— Seps 2, contiguous or united at the base. Stas inserted

in the lower third of the tube, the filaments hairy al¬
most to the top. Stem 50 — 80 cm .... 7

7. Cor. reddish brown; lips not or hardly ciliate-glandular

at the edges. Stem much swollen at the base. O. stigma-
todes Wimm. Koch? (var. with violet stig.?) — On Cen-
taurea scabiosa; Chur, Ponte (Graub.), Martinsberg
(Wall), Rochefort, Schwarzenmatt (Bern), Morschach
(Schwyz). 6 . elatior Sutt. 1697.

— Cor. brownish yellow, streaked with violet; lips dis¬
tinctly glandular-ciliate at the edges. Stem very robust,
swollen at the base into a large scaly ball. Spike elong¬
ated (up to 20 cm and more), strong, dense. — On Laser-
pitium Siler in the Jura (Vaud, Neuchatel), Saleve,
Schwarzenmatt (Bern). 7 Laserpitii Sileris Rap. 1698.

8 (2). Stas inserted in the lower quarter of the cor. -tube.

(Cor. campanulate-tubular, 16 -20 mm long, distinctly
arched; lips feebly ciliate-glandular. Seps enlarged at
the base. Filaments of the stas very hairy, at least as
far as the middle. Stig. velvety) .... .9

— Stas inserted in the lower third of the cor. -tube or higher JZO

9 Cor. brownish yellow; upper lip with spreading lobes.
Stig. bright yellow or brownish.— On Berberis (and
Rubus?); Lower Engadine, Tess. 7 lucorum A. Br. 1699.

— Cor. yellow; upper lips with lobes stretched forwards.
Stig. wax-yellow. In other respects like the last, but

Orobanehacese.

307

seps rather longer; lips of the cor. more distinctly
denticulate. On Salvia glutinosa; G. \V. T. U. Z. A. 7

Salvise F. Schultz. 1700.

10. Cor. 12 — 18 mm long, tubular, yellowish, streaked with
violet; lips not ciliate-glandular at the edges. Stas (often
prominent!) with filaments glabr. or very slightly hairy
below. Spike elongated, lax. Yery near to 0. minor,
but cor. almost glabr. and stig. yellow. — On Ivy; Yaud,
Neuchatel, Arlesheim (Bale), Schaffh. ? 6

Hederae Vauch. 1701.

— Cor. 15 — 20 mm long, campanulate-tubular, yellow like
the rest of the pi. ; *) lips ciliate-glandular ( Frblichii ?) 1 /

11. Upper lip of the cor. with reflexed lobes (as in An¬

tirrhinum). Stig. wart-like. Seps distinctly shorter than
the cor. -tube. Filaments of the stas very hairy, at any
rate about the middle.— On Petasites officinalis, albus
and niveus; G. T. Y. 0. U. A. 6 . flava Mart. 1702.

— Upper lip of the cor. with lobes stretched forwards.

Stig. velvety. Seps equal to or exceeding the cor. -tube.
Filaments of the stas hairy below. (0. Salvise, which
might be sought here, has the stas inserted lower and
the filaments more villous). — On Petasites albus; Appen-
zell (Rchb. f.). 6 . Frolichii Rchb. f. 1703.**)

12 (1). Stas inserted in the lower quarter of the cor-tube.
(Seps with several nerves. Lips of the cor. ciliate-gland¬
ular at the edges) . . . . . . .13

— Stas inserted in the lower third of the cor. -tube or
higher. (Cor. tubular or campanulate-tubular) ***) 1G

13- Filaments of the stas very hairy, at least to the middle.
Seps gen. 2-fid, about half as long as the cor. -tube.
(Lobes of the lower lip of the cor. equal or almost
equal) ......... 14:

— Filaments of the stas feebly hairy or glabr. Seps entire,

more rarely 2-fid, about equal to, or longer than, the
cor. -tube. (Cor. campanulate) .... 13

14. Cor. campanulate, 22 — 28 mm long, brownish yellow,
tinted with red, arched at the back; upper lip stretched
forwards. Spike gen. long and many-fld. Stem 20 — 50 cm.
0. Galii Vauch. — b. strobiligena Rchb. PI. entirely yellow.
— On Galium; fairly distrib. (wanting in U. L.). 6

caryophyllaceae Sm. 1704.

*) O. flava varied according to Rhiner: reddish, bluish and (on Aconi-
tum Lycoctonum) whitish (v. albicans).

**) We do not know this species. The figure which its author has given
resembles 0. flava, but the stas are inserted about the middle.

***) For O. Lucorum with the brownish stig. see 9. It differs from
0. Picridis in its cor. being distinctly arched, its lips feebly glandular-ciliate,
the upper 2-lobed, and in its stas being inserted lower.

308

Orobanchaceae.

— Cor. campanulate-tubular, 20 — 22 mm long, reddish brown,
the back straight or almost so; upper lip bent in an
inclined hood. Spike short, few-fld. Stem 10 — 20 c*m. —
On Teucrium; fairly distrib. (wanting in L.). 6

Teucrii Holl. Schultz. 1705.

15. Cor. reddish brown, 18 — 22 mm long, the back slightly
arched, covered on the outside with hairs springing
from small brownish tubercles; middle lobe of the
lower lip distinctly larger than the lateral lobes. Stig.
deep purple. Stem 10 — 15 cm. Spike lax, few-fld. Cor.
with an ampler tube than in O. caryophyllacea. Seps
gen. entire, longer in proportion. — On Thymus; distrib. 6

Epithymum Dec. 1706.

— Cor. yellow, tinted with violet, 20 — 25 mm long, arched

from bottom to top, covered outside with hairs spring¬
ing from blackish tubercles; lobes of the lower
lip almost equal. Stig. blackish violet. Stem gen. taller

and thicker than in the last; bracts much exceeding

the cor., often blackish when dry. O. platystigma Rchb. ?
— On Carduus defloratus and Personata, Cirsium ole-
raceum and Scabiosa Columbaria; Geissfluh (wanting
in L. Z. S ). 6 .... Scabiosee Koch. 1707.

16 (12). Filaments of the stas very hairy, at least to the
middle. Upper lip of the cor. entire or subemarginate.
(Cor. campanulate-tubular) ..... 17

— Filaments of the stas slightly hairy below, or glabr.

Upper lip of the cor. 2-lobed. (Seps pale, 3 — several-

nerved or in O. minor sometimes 1 — 2-ncrved. Lips of
the cor. not ciliate-glandular at the edges) . . IS

17. Seps entire, 1-nerved or with a tooth and then 2 — 3-

nerved, equal to or longer than the cor.-tube. Cor.
yellowish white, 15 — 17 mm long, the back straight,
arched at the top; lips not ciliate-glandular at the edges.
Stem 20 — 40cm. Spike many-fld, elongated. Like 0. lori-
cata, but more hairy above; corollas smaller. — On Picris;
Lagern (God.). 6 Picridis Vauch. 1708.

— Seps 2-fid, several-nerved , about half as long as the
cor. Cor. reddish brown, 20 — 22 mm. long, the back
straight, curved in an inclined hood at the top; lips
ciliate-glandular at the edges. Stem 10 — 20 cm. Spike
lax, few-fld. See O. Teucrii. 14.

18. Cor. campanulate-tubular, 16— 20mm, yellowish with
reddish streaks, the back straight or almost so, bent
down only at the top. Seps almost 2-partite, with nar¬
row, long divisions. Style yellow. 0. Artemisia eam-
pestris Yauch. Gaud. — On Artemisia campestris; Wall. 6

loricata Rchb. 1709.

Labiat®.

309

— Cor. tubular, 12— 15wi»n long, whitish with lilac streaks

or often tinted with violet, the back evenly arched.
Seps entire or 2-fid. Style violet. — On clover and various
other pis; distrib. G minor Sutt. 1710.

78. Labiatae.

435. Lavandula. Lavender. XIV, 5.

1. Ls linear. Bracts of the whorlcd clusters brown, scarious,
oval-rhomboidal, acuminate. FIs blue. L. vera Dec. —
Hills; 8ubspontaneous near Neuveville, and often cult¬
ivated in gardens, as also L. latifolin Vill. (with broad Is
and linear bracts). 7 . . f oificinalis Chaix. 1711.

436. Mentha. Mint. XIV, 3.

1. Cal. almost bilabiate, the throat closed by hairs after

flowering. FI. -clusters axillary. Pulegium vulgare Mill.
— Inundated places, rare; Tess., Vaud (Lavigny); Ge¬
neva. 7 ..... Pulegium L. 1712.

— Cal. regular, with 4 teeth; throat bare or hairy, but

not closed by hairs ...... 2

2. Clusters placed in the axils of ordinary Is, or the upper

ones forming a head-shaped inflorescence . .

— Clusters in the axils of reduced bracts, more or less

crowded and in gen. form resembling an uninter¬
rupted (at least above) spike . . . (i

3. Clusters crowded together in a head at the top

of the stem, having 1 — 2 (rarely more) separate clusters
below the top, which are peduncled and supported by
a leaf. Cal. tubular-infundibuliform ; teeth triangular at
the baso, long-subulate. Ls petioled, oval or oval-ob¬
long, gen. covered with scattered hairs, rarely (v. hirsuta
auct.) covered with a stronger, denser villosity, or
(v. glabrata) almost glabr. AVe have never seen pis en¬
tirely glabr. in Switzerland except as regards the cal.-
tube (v. citrata Ehrh.). — Ditches and brooks; every¬
where. 7 . aquatica L. 1713.

— Clusters all separate and placed in the axils of common

ls. Stem terminated by a cluster of ls . . . 4

4. Fr.-cal. short, campanulate, the teeth triangular-

oval, short, about as broad as long. Ls petioled, oval
or elliptic. — Fields after mowing, ditches, shores; every¬
where. 7 . arvensis L. 1714.

— Fr.-cal. tubular-campanulate or tubular-infundibuliform ;

teeth triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, longer than in
the last ......... 5

5. Cal. glabr. at tho base, rough above. Cor.-tube glabr.
inside. PI. gen. almost glabr., with abundant glands

310

Labi at®.

and a scent of Basilicum. M. cardiaca Ger., M. rubra
Bole (Gaud.?), M. Pugeti Per., M. Pauliniana F. Schultz.
— Shores, rare; W. V., lake of Wallenstadt; sometimes
escaped from peasants’ gardens (M. hortensis Tausch). 7

gentilis L. 1715.

— Cal. entirely hairy. Cor -tube hairy inside. PI. more or

less hairy. Cal. of 1713; inflorescence of 1714; hybrid?
M. sativa auct. — Shores, damp meadows, not common,
but distrib. 7 . . . . . verticillata L. 1716.

6(2). Ls with a distinct (fairly long) petiole. Spikes
thick, oblong-cylindric, gen. interrupted at the base 7

— Ls sessile or very shortly petioled. Spikes cylindric,

slender, gen. uninterrupted ..... 8

7. Cal.-teeth linear-subulate. Achenes wort-like. Ls rather

shortly petioled, oval or cordate-oval, hairy on both
sides, gray underneath Ls almost of 1713; inflorescence of
1721 but thicker; probably hybrid: M. aquatica-sylves-
tris. M. Ayassei Malinv. — As the last, rare; W.! V. Ge¬
neva! Neuohatel! Bale! 7 . * nepetoides Lej. 1717.

— Cal.-teeth lanceolate-subulate. Achenes smooth. Ls with

a medium petiole, oblong or oblong-oval, covered with
scattered hairs, or almost glabr. PI. with a strong aro¬
matic odour. M. viridis is easily distinguished by ts
almost sessile ls, its slenderer spikes and its shorter
cal. Pepper-mint. — Cultivated. 7 . f piperita L. 1718.

8. Fr.-cal short-campanulate, almost globular, rough; cal.-

teeth and bracts lanceolate-subulate. Ls orbicular-oval,
obtuse or short-acuminate, crenate, rarely (v. serrati-
folia) toothed, with a net-work of wrinkles, gray-tomen-
tose underneath — b. crispa Fuchs with crisp. Is.— Ditches,
brooks; southern and western Switz., Zurich, lake of
Wallenstadt; b cultivated. 7 . rotundifolia L, 1719.

— Fr.-cal. campanulate; cal.-teeth and bracts linear-sub¬

ulate, narrower than in the last. Ls oblong-lanceolate
or oblong-oval, twice, or at least l'/2 times, as long as
broad, toothed ........ .9

9. Ls almost glabr. on both sides, or with scattered hairs
underneath. Achenes almost smooth. Stolons above ground,
leafy. PI. with an agreeable smell of peppermint. Spikes
slender. — b. cn'spata Schrad . *) with crisp ls. — As the
last; western Switz. as far as Aargau. 7 viridis L. 1720.

— Ls hairy on both sides, gray-tomentose at any rate

underneath Achenes warty. Stolons subterranean, scaly.
Type of M. sylvestris . . . . . .10

10. Ls oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate with rounded or hardly
cordate base, the surface fairly smooth, covered on both

*) Under the name “M. crispa” (crisp mint) are found the forms of

various species with crisp ls ; the true M. crispa is derived partly from 1713

and partly from 1718, and is perhaps a hybrid.

Labiatre.

311

sides or at least underneath with a dense, appressed,
whitish tomentum. M. candicans Crantz. — Ditches, brooks ;
everywhere. 7 .... sylvestris L. 1721.

— Ls gen. broader than in the last, oval-elliptic, the base

often rather cordate, the surface slightly wrinkled,
covered underneath with a grayish, loose tomentum.
— As the last and confused with it. W. Vevey! Neu-
chatel ! Constance! (with the last) and probably in other
parts. 7 . nemorosa Willd. 1722.

OBS. Hybrids: M. nemorosa-rotmidifoUa (dumetorum Schreb.) ; M. ro.

tundifolia-sylvestris (gratissima Wigg.) ; others require examination.

437. Lycopus. Lycopus. II, 11.

1. Ls oval-oblong, inciso-dentate, the lower pinnatifid. FIs
small, white, spotted with red. — Damp places, ditches;
distrib. 7 . . . . . . europseus L. 1723.

438. Salvia. Sage. II, 11.

1. Ls linear, the edges rolled up, white-tomentose under¬
neath. FIs blue. Rosmarinus officinalis L. — Rocky places,
hills; subspontaneous near Clarens and in Tess. ? 4

f Rosmarinus Spenn. 1724.

— Ls oblong, oblong-oval, or oval .... 2

2. FIs of a dirty yellow, large. Upper cal. -lip entire, not

toothed. Ls cordate-hastate. — Woods in the mount.;
distrib. 6 . glutinosa L. 1725.

— FIs violet, blue, rose or white. Upper cal -lip 3-toothed 3

3. Cor. -tube with a ring of hairs inside; upper lip of the

cor. not compressed (hollow) . ... 4

— Cor. -tube without the ring of hairs; upper lip com¬
pressed ......... 5

4. FIs of medium size, violet-blue. Style exceeding the

upper lip. Ls oblong-lanceolate, white- or gray-tomen-
tose when young, as also the branches.-— Uncultivated
places; T. W., probably only subspontaneous; often
cultivated in gardens. G . t officinalis L. 1726.

— FIs small, light blue-lilac. Style lying on the lower lip.

Ls cordate - triangular, often with 2 separate auricles
on the petiole, covered with a short, soft pubescence.
— Road-sides, embankments; not common (wanting in
U.). .7 . verticillata L, 1727.

5. Bracts large, scarious, tinted with rose or violet, ex¬
ceeding the cal. Cal. -teeth not very unequal awned —
Uncultivated places, vineyards; Fully and Sierre in
Wall., probably subspontaneous. 6 Sclarea L. 1728.

— Bracts herbaceous, gen. green and shorter than the cal.
Cal. -teeth very unequal, not awned, those of the upper

312

Labiatee.

lip very small. — Varied with fls only half the size
(v. parviflora). — Dry fields, slopes/, everywhere. 5

pratensis L. 1729.

439. Origanum. IVfarjoram. XIV, 8.

1. Cal. almost reg. 5-toothed. Bracts oblong- oval, red
(green in white-fid examples). — b. pn'stnaticum Gaud.
Spikes elongated — Thickety, stony places, wood-sides;
distrib. b. W. (Lower Rhone-valley as far as Loueche).
V. 7 . vulgare L. 1730.

— Cal. 2-lipped, cleft almost to the base on one side.
Bracts almost orbicular. Marjoram. — Cultivated. 7

t Majorana L. 1731.

440. Thymus. Thyme. XIV, 11.

1. Branches almost erect. Ls much rolled up at the edges,
with clusters of ls in their axils. — Uncultivated hills; sub-
spontaneous near Neuveville and in some other places. 6

t vulgaris L. 1732.

— Branches prostrate or ascending. Ls flat or slightly

rolled. Type of Th. Serpyllum . ... 2

2. Branches almost cylindric above, and equally hairy

all round. Ls rather hard, narrowed insensibly at the
base, and distinctly eiliate, strongly nerved underneath.
FI -clusters crowded in a head. PI. rather tufted; branches
elongated, decumbent, stolon-like, with short erect,
seriate fl.-branchlets Th. angustifolius auct. not Pers.
— Grassy places, sandy hills; gen. rarer than the follow¬
ing; G. W. V. J. 0. Z. U. 6 . Serpyllum L. 1733.

— Branches distinctly quadrangular above, covered with

long hairs at the angles. Ls thinner, suddenly contracted
to the petiole, faintly nerved underneath. Clusters ar¬
ranged in a spike. PI. forming a dense tuft.— b. lanu-
ginosus Schk. PI. rough-villous. — Slopes, hills; every¬
where. 6 . Chamaedrys Fr. 1734.

— Branches quadrangular, rough-villous, as also the ls,
with long white hairs. Ls rather hard, insensibly nar¬
rowed at the base, with deep spots underneath. Clusters
arranged in a spike. — Tess., central and lower Wall. 6

pannonicus All. 1735.

441. Satureja. Satureja. XIV, 20.

1. Ls narrow-lanceolate, entire. Fls small, bluish white. 7

t hortensis L. 1736.

442. Micromeria. Micromeria. XIV, 20.

1. Middle and upper ls linear-lanceolate. Fls rose-coloured.
— T. (Gandria; now very scarce). 6 graeca Benth. 1737.

Labiatre.

313

443. Calamintha. Calamint. XIV, 12.

1. Clusters many-fld, dense, surrounded by bracts which

are numerous, long, bristly, long-ciliate and forming
an invol. Clinopodium vulgare L. — Wooded, stony places;
distrib. 7 .... Clinopodium Spenn. 1738.

— Clusters without bracts, or the bracts small, not nu¬
merous, and not forming an invol. ... 2

2. Clusters peduncled (pedicels on a common branched-

dichotomous peduncle) ...... 3

— Clusters sessile (pedicels 3—5 together, placed in the

l.-axils, without a common peduncle) ... fi

3. Clusters few-fld (3 — 5 fls). Cor. large, more than 30 mm
long. Ls toothed, with deep, acute teeth. — Stony, thickety
places, road-sides ; T. 0. (Wissembourg), W. (Arbignon ). 7

grandiflora Monch. 1739.

— Clusters several-fid (5 — 15 fls). Type of C. officinalis 4

4. Clusters shortly peduncled, the ramifications stretched

forwards, umbel-shaped (springing almost from the same
point), shorter than the ls. Ls with smaller and less
distinct teeth than in 1741. Fls smaller, paler. Cal.
shorter. Rt-stock not creeping. Hairs of the cal. -throat
not prominent. C. mentheefolia Gr. Godr. not Host. —
As the last; W. Y. 7 . . ascendens Jord. 1740.

— Clusters with longer peduncles, the ramifications lax,

dichotomous, more spreading, as long as, or longer than,
the ls ........ 5

5. Cal. -teeth very unequal, the 2 lower lanceolate-sub¬
ulate, much longer than the 3 upper. Cor. 15 — 18 mm
long (but also varied to smaller), of a purplish lilac. Hairs
of the cal.-throat not or hardly prominent. C. sylvatica
Bromf.— As the last; distrib. 7 officinalis Monch. 1741.

— Cal. -teeth less unequal, the 2 lower triangular-lanceo¬
late, not so much longer than the 3 upper. Hairs of
the cal.-throat prominent between the cal. -teeth after
the cor. has fallen off. Ls smaller than in the last, less
distinctly toothed, stronger haired. C. Einseleana F.
Schultz; C. Nepeta auct. p. — As the last; G. T. W. V.
B. 0. U. A. (wanting in northern Switz.). 7

nepetoides Jord. 1742.*)

6 (2). Cal. closed at maturity, the upper teeth acute-triang¬
ular. Fls 10mm long. — Dry, stony fields; distrib. 6

Acinos Clairv. 1743.

*) The true C. Nepeta Savi which is distinguished by its shorter rt-stock,
its more branchy stem, its crenate, instead of toothed, ls, and its denser
clusters, is found, according to Christ., in Tess. (Solduno).

22

314

Labiatae.

7' ^

— Cal. open at maturity, upper teeth lanceolate. FIs larger.
— Alp., subalp. and Jura, also descending with rivers. 7

alpina Lam. 1744.

OBS. C. patavina Host. (Acinus-alpina ?) near Ilanz (Graub.).

444. Melissa. Balm. XIV, 13.

1. Ls oval, crenate-dentate. Clusters unilateral. FIs white.
— Hedges, road-sides; T. W. Y. (naturalised). 6

!officina!is L. 1745.

445. Horminum. Horminum. XIV, 13.

1. Rad. ls large, rosetted, cordate-orbicular, crenate; caul, ls
small. FIs large, violet. —Alp.; Gr. T. 6 pyrenaicum L. 1746.

446. Hyssopus. Hyssop. XIV, 19.

1. Ls linear-lanceolate, entire. Clusters unilateral, arranged
in a spike. FIs blue (or white). — Rocky, uncultivated
places; T. W. (naturalised). 7 . officinalis L. 1747.

447. Nepeta. Nepeta. XIV, 18.

1. Ls cordate-oval, gray-tomentose underneath. Stem branchy.
FIs whitish, spotted with red. — Stony places, rubbish-
heaps ; not common (wanting in S.). 6 Cataria L. 1748.

— Ls cordate-oblong, green on both sides, only paler

underneath. Stem with panicled branches. FIs violet or
lilac. — Stony, thickety places; lower Rhone-valley, and
the lateral valleys 1 ... . nuda L. 1749.

448. Glechoma. Glechoma. XIV, 18.

1. Ls orbicular-reniform or orbicular-cordate, coarsely cren¬
ate or toothed. Stem creeping for a long distance, with
erect fl. -branches. — Slopes, walls; everywhere. 4

hederacea L. 1750.

449. Dracocephalum. Dracocephalum. XIV, 17.

1. Ls linear-lanceolate, undiv. , entire. — Alp.; Gr. W. Y.
B. A. 7 . Ruyschiana L. 1751.

— Ls pinnatipartite, with 3 — 7 linear segments. — Rocks ;

Gr. W. (Ardetz, Riddes). 5 . . austriacum L. 1752.

450. Melittis. Melittis. XIV, 15.

1. Ls cordate-oval. FIs large (about 40 mm), variegated
white and red, or entirely white. — Woods, distrib. (want¬
ing in U.). 6 . . . . Wlelissophyllum L. 1753.

451. Lamium. Dead-nettle. XIV, 22.

1. Upper ls orbicular-reniform, crenate-lobed, sessile-
clasping. Cal.-teeth connivent after the fall of the cor.
— Fields, gardens, walls ; distrib. 4 — 9 amplexicaule L- 1754.

Labiatro.

315

— Ls all petioled, the upper oval or cordate-oval, with

shorter petiole, but never sessile-clasping. Cal. -teeth
spreading after the fall of the cor. ... 2

2. Ann. or bienn. pis. FIs small (10 — 20 mm long). Cor.-

tube straight ........ 3

— Perenn. pis. FIs larger (20 — 30 mm long). Cor. -tube

bent . . . . . . . . . 4

3. Ls unequally crenate, all cordate at the base, the upper
almost triangular. — As the last; everywhere. 4 — 9

purpureum L. 1755.

— Ls deeply and unequally inciso-crenate, the upper rather

narrowed to a petiole. Cor. -tube without a ring of hairs
inside or with a fainter ring than in the last. L. in-
cisum Willd., L. amplexicaule-purpureuin auct. — As the
last; western Switz., rare. 4 — 9 . hybridum Vill. 1756.

4. Cor. red, rarely light flesh-coloured, or white. Ring of

hairs and contraction of the cor.-tube horizontal above
the base of the tube; upper lip shortly hairy at the
edges. Fresh anthers blackish brown, with orange pollen.
Ls irreg. and almost doubly toothed, the upper short,
almosttriangular-acute. — Hedges, walls, road-sides ; every¬
where. 4—9 . maculatum L. 1757.

— Cor. white, the lower lip spotted with brownish green,

rarely tinted with pale rose. Ring of hairs and con¬
traction of the cor.-tube above the base oblique; upper
lip long villous-ciliateat the edges. Fresh anthers
velvety black, with pale yellow pollen. Ls almost equally
toothed, the upper long-acuminate. — As the last, but
in some parts rarer. 4-9 . . . album L. 1758.

OBS. L. album-purpureum, according to Jaggi, near Rheinau.

452. Galeobdolon. Galeobdolon. XIY, 22.

1. Habit of the 2 last, but fls yellow, the lower lip streaked
with yellowish brown. See N. Beitr. II, 54. — Woods;
everywhere. 5 .... liiteum Huds. 1759.

453. Galeopsis. Galeopsis. XIY, 23.

1. Stem not or only slightly swollen below the nodes,

covered with soft hairs, gen. appressed and directed
downwards, rarely glabr. ..... 2

— Stem more or less swollen below the nodes, covered

with stiff (sometimes almost prickly) hairs, and at the
same time in 1763 with softer hairs, appressed and di¬
rected downwards. Teeth of the ls more numerous
(6 — 15) than in pis of the last paragraph . . 4

2. Fls large (25— 30 mm), pale yellow. Ls oval-lanceo¬
late, soft-villous underneath, almost velvety. Cal. covered
with spreading, glandular hairs. Upper lip of the cor.

iji-XX

316

Labiatse.

often 2-fid. G. ochroleuca Lara.— Fields of the Swiss
plateau, scattered; W. V. J. B. L. Z. 6 dubia Leers. 1760.

— FIs smaller, red, rarely entirely white. Type of G. La-

dcttiutn Ij • ........ 5

3. Ls lanceolate or linear-lanceolate; teeth not deep, distant,
1 — 4 on each side. Cal. covered with appressed hairs.
Varied : Cal. and ls almost or entirely glabr. (v. gla-
brescens), and stronger haired, almost gray (v. canescens
Schult. ?j. — Fields, especially after mowing, and gravelly,
waste places; everywhere 7—8 angustifolia Ehrh. 1761.

— Ls broader than in the last, oblong or oblong-lanceo¬
late; teeth deeper, crowded, 4 — 8 on each side. Cal.
covered with glandular, spreading, hairs. FI. -clusters
more distant than in the last, fls gen. smaller; cal. -teeth
gen. shorter, more erect and less unequal. — As the last,
but not everywhere and mostly in the mount, and sub-
alp.; G.! W.! V.! B. J. S. 7, 8 intermedia Vill. 1762.

4 (1). Ls oval, truncate at the base or the lower almost
cordate. Cor. of medium size, bright purple, the tube
yellowish brown above, distinctly longer than the cal.-
teeth. — Wood-clearings, road-sides; transalpine Switz.;
Chur, Bregenz. 7 . . pubescens Bess. 1763.

— Ls oblong-oval, rounded at the base or cuneiform 5

5. Cor. large (30— 40 mm long), sulphur-yellow, the middle
lobe of the lower lip violet. Cal.-teeth only half as long
as the cor. -tube. G. versicolor Curt. — Rock-slips ; G. U.
A. Z. (lower Engadine; Bisithal, Urnerboden; Weiss-
tannenthal; Sornthal, Canton Tlmrgau ; Constance). 7

speciosa Mill. 1764.

— Cor. smaller, purplish or white, often spotted with yellow.

Cal.-teeth reaching to, or exceeding, the upper extremity
of the cor. -tube ....... G

6. Middle lobe of the lower lip almost square, flat, finely

crenate or indistinctly emarginate. — b. prcecox Jord.
Stem lower, almost simple; ls more shortly acuminate,
with fewer teeth; flowering almost a month earlier.*) —
Fields, wood-clearings; everywhere; b. mount, and sub¬
alp. 7, 8 . Tetrahit L. 1765.

— Middle lobe of the lower lip 4-cornered, longer than

broad, bent down at last by the side-edges, distinctly
emarginate or almost 2-fid at the top. PI. softer than
the last. Ls slightly cuneiform at the base; fls small. —
As the last; Constance! St. Gallen, Galgenen, Canton
Scliwyz, Thun, 7, 8 . . . bifida Bonngh. 1766.

OBS. G. angustifolia-dubia (= G.Wirtgeni Ludwig) St.Sulpice near Lausanne*

*) G. Reichenbachii Reut. has broader teeth on the ls, clusters crowded,
and cal.-teeth remarkably long and softer. It appears to us more nearly allied
to 1766. Subalp.— G. acuminata Rchb. indicated in Canton Vaud.

Labiatre.

317

454. Stachys. Woundwort. XIY, 24.

1. FIs red ......... 2

— FIs pale yellow or white and yellow ... 8

2. Clusters composed of 6 or more fls. Bracteoles (of the

separate fls) at least half as long as the cal. . 3

— Clusters 1 — 3- (rarely 5-) fld. Bracteoles very small or 0 5

3. PI. green, villous, glandular above. — Mountain woods ;

distrib. 7 . . . . . . . alpina L. 1767.

— PI. covered with a dense white tomentum, without glands 4

4. Rad. Is gen. cordate at the base. PI. covered with a
white-woolly, long, spreading, villosity. — Stony waste
places, and road-sides in warm parts (wanting in U. L.). 7

germanica L. 1768.

— Rad. Is narrowed at the base. PI. covered with a more
appressed, white-woolly, almost silken tomentum — Natu¬
ralised since 1814 on a hill near La Sarraz. 7, 8

*lanata Jacq. 1769.

5 (2). Ls cordate-oval, obtuse, almost as broad as long,
crenate. Cor. hardly longer than the cal. Root fusiform.
— Fields; western Switz. as far as Aargau. 6

arvensis L. 1770.

— Ls distinctly longer than broad. Cor. twice as long as

the cal. Rt-stock creeping ..... 6*

6. Stem glandular above. Ls with long petioles, oval or

oval-oblong, acuminate, deeply cordate at the base. —
Woods; distrib. 6 . . . . sylvatica L. 1771.

— Stem without glands (except sometimes at the top). Ls ob¬

long or oblong-lanceolate, rounded or feebly cordate at
the base, sessile or shortly petioled ... 7

7. Ls shortly petioled, oblong-lanceolate, almost toothed

(the crenatures acuminate). Fls of a rather deep red.
St. palustris-sylvatica ! — Damp places, ditches; fairly
distrib. 7 . *ambigua Sm. 1772.

— Ls, except those at the base, sessile, rarely (v. petiolata

Cel.) the upper also petioled, oblong-lanceolate or lanceo¬
late, crenate. Fls light rose. — Damp fields, ditches; dis¬
trib. 6 . palustris L. 1773.

8 (1). Ls glabr. or almost so. Bracts of the clusters lanceo¬
late or linear-lanceolate. Root fusiform. — Fields; distrib. 7

annua L. 1774.

— Ls hairy. Bracts of the clusters oval. Rt-stock hard,
woody, branched. — Stony places, hills; distrib. 6

recta L. 1775.

OBS. Hybrids: St. alpina-lanuta ; St. alpina-sylvatica.

455. Betonica. Betony. XIY, 26.

1. Fls pale yellow. B. Alopecurus auct. not L. (the true
B. Alopecurus of the Pyrenees and of Dauphine appears

318

Labiatae.

to be different). — Alp.; T. 0. (Calbege, Gimmelwald). 7

Jacquini Gr. Godr, 1776.

— FIs red, rarely white ...... 2

2. Cal. net-veined, 12 — 15 mm long. — Alp. and subalp. of

western Switz., rare. 7 hirsuta L. 1777.

— Cal. not net-veined, smaller. B. hirta Leyss. — b. glabrata
Koch (officinalis Leyss.). Cal. and stem almost glabr. —
Woods and wood-openings; distrib. 6 officinalis L. 1778.

456. Sideritis. Sideritis. XIV, 7.

1. Ls oblong, the fl.-ls broader, inciso-dentate, with spiny
teeth. FIs pale yellow. S. scordioides Koch. — Rocky places
in the Jura (Dole, Reculet). 7 hyssopifolia L. 1779.

457. Marrubium. Horehound. XIV, 7.

1. Ls cordate-oval, wrinkled, gray-tomentose underneath,
FIs small, white. — Rubbish-heaps, road-sides; not com¬
mon (wanting in U. S. A.). 7 . . vulgare L. 1780.

458. Ballota. Ballota. XIV, 26.

1. Ls cordate-oval, coarsely crenate-dentate. FIs dirty red.
B. foetida Lam. — b. ruderalis Sw. Cal.-teeth less spread¬
ing, narrowed insensibly to a longer point. — Rubbish-
heaps, hedges, road-sides ; distrib. b. rarer. 6 nigra L. 1781.

459. Leonurus. Leonurus. XIV, 21.

1. Lower ls palmatifid, 5-lobed, the upper 3-lobed with a
cuneiform base. FIs rose-coloured, the upper lip villous.
— Rubbish-heaps, road-sides; scattered (wanting in T.). 6

Cardiaca L. 1782.

460. Chaiturus. Chaiturus. XIV, 25.

1. Habit ef 1782, but ls undiv. — Hedges; Meyrin (formerly)
Canton Geneva. 7 . . . Marrubiastrum Rchb. 1788.

461. Scutellaria. Skull-cap. XIV, 14.

1. FIs in the axils of scarious bracts, forming quadran¬
gular spikes, violet, the lower lip whitish. — Alp.; western
Switz. (Wall., Yaud, Freibg.). 7 . . alpina L. 1784.

— FIs in the axils of ordinary ls, distant, blue. — Damp
meadows, the edges of marshes; distrib. 6

galericulata L. 1785.

462. Brunella. Brunella. XIV, 15.

1. FIs yellowish white. Teeth of the lower cal.-lip
almost pectinate with stiff hairs. Ls gen. pinnatifid. PI.
more or less rough, otherwise as in B. vulgaris, but
the tooth of the filament of the stas rather longer, and

Labiatae.

319

bent. — Dry pasturages; southern and western Switz.
(but wanting in W.). 6 . . . . alba Pall. 1786.

— FIs violet, rarely white. Teeth of the lower cal. -lip

shortly ciliate with feebler hairs. Ls gen. undiv., rarely
pinnatifid ........ 2

2. Spike placed immediately above the highest pair of ls.
Cor. 7 — 13 mm long, sometimes hardly longer than the
cal. (v. parviflora). The longer stas with an acute, fairly
straight, tooth below the anthers. — Varied: with pinnati¬
fid ls (v. pinnatifida Pers.). — As the last; everywhere. 6

vulgaris L, 1787.

— Spike some distance from the highest pair of Is. Cor.

much larger than in the last, 20 — 25 mm, but also
sometimes smaller, the tube distinctly bent and the
upper lip compressed-keeled. Stas long, with a short
obtuse tubercle. — Varied: Ls pinnatifid, more strongly
hairy (v. laciniata: P. pinnatifida Gaud, not Pers.). —
As the last. 6 . grandiflora Jacq. 1788.

463. Ajuga. Bugle. XIV, 4.

1. FIs yellow, solitary (rarely 2 together) in the 1. -axils.
Ls deeply 3-fid, with linear lobes. — Fields, fallow; not
everywhere (wanting in G. T. A.). 6

Chamaepitys Schreb. 1789.

— FIs blue, rose or white, 3 — 6 together in the axils of

ls which are often coloured and form a spike. Ls un¬
div., sinuate or crenate ...... 2

2. Fl.-ls (or bracts) coarsely dentate-crenate, the lower

and middle ones gen. 3-lobed. Rad. ls 0 (destroyed) at
the time of flowering, rarely existing (in an autumnal
form). PI. without prostrate stolons, but often with several
stems, the villosity denser than in A. reptans, and fls
of an intenser blue. — Fields, bare mountain slopes, hills;
distrib. 5 . genevensis L. 1790.

— Fl.-ls (bracts) entire or lightly sinuate-crenate. Rad.-ls

large, not destroyed by the time of flowering . ,3

3. PI. with prostrate, leafy stolons, the stolons rarely, in

an alpine form (b. alpestrit >•), wanting. Upper bracts
shorter than, or at most as long as the ls. — Meadows, slopes ;
everywhere. 5 .... reptans L. 1791.

— - PI. without prostrate leafy stolons, bracts, the upper
also, twice as long as the ls. PI. with a tufty habit,
pyramidal; raceme or spike often commencing from the
base of the stem. — Alp. and subalp.; (entirely wanting
in the Jura and lowlands!). 6 . pyramidalis L. 1792.

OBS. We have found A. genevensis-reptcms (hybrida Kern.) near Munich

(Eberle near St. Josephen).

320

Verbenaceae. Lentibulariaceae.

464. Teucrium. Germander. XIY, 4.

1. Cal. bilabiate; upper lip broad, entire; lower lip with
4 teeth. Ls cordate-oblong, wrinkled, crenate. FIs greenish
yellow, in slender spikes. — Woods, hills; distrib. 6

Scorodonia L. 1793.

— Cal. with 5 almost equal teeth . ... 2

2. FIs yellowish white, collected in a head at the top of

the spreading, tufted stems. Ls linear-lanceolate, entire,
white-tomentose underneath. — Sunny slopes; gravel-beds
of torrents; distrib. 7 . montanum L. 1794.

— FIs rose-coloured, 1 — 3 together in the axils of ls (some¬

times reduced to bracts). Ls crenate or pinnatifid, never
gray-tomentose underneath ..... 3

[3. Ls 1— 2-pinnatifid. PI. villous-glandular. — Stony fields,
fallow (wanting in G.). 7, 8 . . . Botrys L. 1795.

— Ls undiv., crenate| ....... 4

4. Ls sessile, soft, coarsely crenate. PI. with leafy stolons,

and a smell of garlic. — Marshy meadows; not common
(wanting in G. U. L. A.). 6 . . Scordium L. 1796.

— Ls, at least the lower, rather hard, inciso-crenate. FIs

in the axils of smaller, often coloured, ls. PI. shrubby,
with subterranean runners.— Stony, thicketv places, hills;
distrib. 6 . Chamaedrys L. 1797.

OBS. Among the pis of this family Ocymum Bctsilicum L. and Monarda

didyma L. are also cultivated.

79. Verbenaceae.

465. Verbena. Vervein. XIY, 2.

1. Ls coarsely inciso-crenate, the middle ones pinnatifid-
trilobed, the middle lobe larger. FIs small, lilac, in
slender spikes. -Road-sides, ditches; everywhere. 6

officinalis L. 1798.

80. Lentibulariaceae.

466. Pinguicula. Butterwort. II, 9.

1. Cor. whitish with 2 (often confluent) yellow spots on

the lower lip. Spur short, conical.— Damp places of
Alp., subalp. and higher Jura, rarely lower (wanting in
S.). 6 . alpina L. 1799.

— Cor. violet. Spur longer, subulate. Type of P. vulgaris 2

2. Cor. -lobes oblong-obovate , separate. — b. alpicola God.

(longifolia Gaud. p.). FIs larger. — Damp meadows; dis¬
trib. 5 . vulgaris L. 1800.

Lentibulariacese. Primulaceae.

321

— Cor.-lobes obovate or orbicular-obovate, touching one
another. FIs twice as large as in the last. Spur longer
and thicker. P. leptoceras Rchb., P. longifolia Gaud. p.
not Dec. — Alp. and Jura (Reculet). 6

grandiflora Lam. 1801.

467. Utricularia. Bladderwort. II, 9.

1. L. -segments denticulate-spiny. Palate of the cor. swollen,
closing the throat. Spur 3—4 times as long as broad#

— L. -segments not denticulate-spiny. Palate flat, leaving

the throat open. Spur short like a hump . . 4

2. Ls in two rows (forming with the stem a flat surface),
dichotomous-multipartite, the bladders on separate pe¬
tioles! — Swamp-ditches, rare; B. J. Z. A. (Selhofen-
moos; Oeschisee; Diibendorf; Rheineck). 6

intermedia Hayn. 1802.

— Ls spreading in every sense, pinnatisect-multipartite,

similar in form and gen. all bearing bladders . 3

3. Upper lip of the cor. as long as, or slightly longer than,

the palate; lower lip with reflexed edges. Peduncles
2 — 3 times as long as their bracts. Cor. 20 mm long,
of a rich yellow. U. mutata Leiner? See Doll FI. v. Bad.
— Marshes, ditches; distrib. 6 . vulgaris L. 1803.

— Upper lip of the cor. 2—3 times as long as the palate;

lower lip almost or quite flat. Peduncles 4 — 5 times as
long as their bracts. Cor. rather smaller, paler yellow.
As the last; indicated in Canton Neuchatel (marais des
Verrieres, de Motiers); near Uebischi, Canton Bern,
and at Noville, Canton Vaud. 6 . neglecta Lehm. 1804.

4 (1). Lower lip of the cor. with edges at last reflexed.
Cor. 10 mm, pale yellow. — Ditches in peat-moss; dis¬
trib. 6 . minor L. 1805.

— Lower lip of the cor. always flat. PI. rather stronger
than the last, spur rather longer. — As the last, but rare;
Bunzenermoos, Katzensee, Klonthalersee. 6

Bremii Heer. 1806.

81. Primulaceae.

468. Trientalis. Trientale. VII, 2.

1. Stem bearing at the top 5 — 7 rather large, elliptic, al¬
most rosetted ls, from the centre of which 1 — 3 white,
long-pedicelled fls spring. — Peat-moss, very rare; G. U.
A. (Roseggthal, Bernina; Einsiedeln, Zumdorf; Wild-
haus). 5 . europaea L. 1807.

322

Primulacese.

469. Lysimachta. Lysimachia. Y, 48. YI, 6. XYI, 3..

1. FIs small, about 4 mm broad. Divisions of the cor. linear,,

separated by small teeth. FIs forming dense, peduncled
racemes, placed in the axils of the upper Is. — Marshes,,
water-sides; Y. J. U. L. Z. A. 6 . thy rsiflora L. 1808.

— FIs larger, 7— 20 mm broad. Divisions of the cor. broader,

without teeth ........ 2'

2. Stems erect. FIs in raceme or panicle. Stas united al¬
most to the middle ...... 3

— Stems decumbent or prostrate, ascending, at most, at
the ends. FIs solitary (rarely in pairs) in the l.-axils.
Stas free or only united for a short distance at the base 4

3. Divisions of the cor. ciliate-glandular. Divisions of the

cal. not edged. — Damp thickets, shores; formerly near
Zurich, recently found below Kleinhiiningen near Bale ;
sometimes cultivated in gardens. 6 * punctata L. 1809.

— Divisions of the cor. glabr. at the edges. Divisions of
the cal. with a red margin. — As the last; distrib. 6

vulgaris L. 1810.

4. Segments of the cal. cordate-oval. Ls cordate-orbicular,
obtuse. — Damp woods, dryish ditches; everywhere. 6

Nummularia L. 1811-

— Segments of the cal. linear-subulate. Ls oval, acute.
Habit of an Anagallis! — Shady, damp woods; distrib. 6

neniorum L. 1812.

470. Anagallis. Pimpernel. Y, 48.

1. Ls almost orbicular, petioled. Cor. rose-coloured, almost

3 times as long as the cal. Stem very delicate, 3 — 10 cm
long.— Marshes ; Y. (Yevey). 6 . . tenella L. 1813.

— Ls oval or oval-oblong, sessile. Cor. as long as the cal.

or not much longer. Stem 10—30 cm ... 2

2. FIs of a bright red (rarely pale lilac); divisions denti¬

culate and ciliate-glandular. Capsule with 5 streaks. —
Fields; distrib. 6 arvensis L. 1814.

— FIs blue; cor.-divisions denticulate but not glandular.

Caps, with more than 5 (up to 10) streaks. Stem more
erect than in the last. Ls more acute (sometimes 3, 4
or indeed 5 in a whorl). Pedicels shorter in proportion.
— As the last and often with it, but at the same time
gen. rarer. 6 . coerulea Schreb. 1815.

OBS. A. arvensis-coerulen near Lostorf, Canton Solothurn; Fischer,

Liischer.

471. Centunculus. Centuncle. IY, 19.

1. Ls altern., oval, sessile. FIs in the l.-axils, almost sessile,
white or rose. Stem 3 — 5cm. — Damp fields; rather rare
(wanting in W. U. S.). 6 . . minimus L. 1816.

Primulacese.

323

472. Androsace. Androsace. V, 41.

1. Ls very crowded, imbricated on the branches of a

csespitose rt-stock, or those at the top of the branches
spreading in a rosette and below these the dead branches
of the past year. FIs solitary in the axils of the ls,
sessile or pedicelled ...... 2

— Ls forming 1 or (in the perenn. species) several rosettes,

from which springs the common peduncle bearing an
umbel (sometimes through suppression with only 3 to
1 fls), surrounded by an involucre . . . G

2. Ls all imbricate in a cylindric column . . .3

— Ls very crowded, looser than in the pis of the last
section, forming rosettes at the tops of the branches 4

3. Ls shortly pubescent with simple hairs. Cor. white
with a yellow centre.— High Alp. 7 helvetica Gaud. 1817.

— Ls gray-tomentose with very short stellate hairs. Cor.

white or rose-coloured, the centre red. A. tomentosa
Schl. Gaud. — High Alp.; southern chain of Wall, and
near the lower Aar-glacier, 7 . imbricata Lam. 1818.

4. Ls covered with simple hairs, mixed with 3-forked
hairs which are as long as the diameter of the pedi¬
cels. Cor. white, yellow in the centre. A. alpina Gaud,
not Lam. — High Alp.; W. Y. 0. A. 7 pubescens Dec. 1819.

— Ls covered with simple and (or) stellate hairs which

are shorter than the diam. of the pedicels. Cor. rose,
rarely white ........ 5

5. Ls lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate. Pedicels shorter or

hardly longer than the ls. Cor.-lobes not incised. A.
pennina Gaud., A. alpina Lam. — High Alp., especially
of eastern Switz. 7 ... glacialis Hopp. 1820.

— Ls short, elliptic, rather obtuse. Pedicels about twice
as long as the Is. Cor.-lobes distinctly incised. Aretia
brevis Hog. —High Alp.; Tess. (Camoghe, Garzirola),
and outside our boundaries on Mt. Legnone. 7

Charpentieri Heer. 1821.

6 (1). Perenn. pis, with barren rosettes ... 7

— Ann. or bienn. pis without barren rosettes . . 11

7. Peduncles, pedicels and cal. entirely glabr. Pedicels
elongated. Fls fairly large, pure white; divisions of the
cor. obcordate. — Jura (Belchenfluh at Reculet), Stock-
horn chain in the Bernese Alp., always on limestone. 7

lactea L. 1822.

— Peduncles, pedicels and cal. hairy . . . S

8. Ls narrow, linear-subulate, narrowed from the base to
the top. Cor. rose-coloured.— Granite Alp.; W. Y. 7

carnea L. 1823.

— Ls oblong - lanceolate , or linear-lanceolate, narrowed

towards the base. Cor. white or pale rose . . 9

324

Primulacese.

9. Peduncles, pedicels, cal. and 1. -edges with very short
simple and stellate hairs. Varied: 1-fld (v. aretioides
Gaud.) - Alp. 7 obtusifolia All. 1824.

— Peduncles and pedicels villous with long hairs . 10

10. Ls gray-villous on both sides, in hemispheric rosettes.

— Dole in the Jura. 6 villosa L. 1825.

— Ls villous at the edges, in open rosettes — Alp. 6

Chamaejasme Host. 1826.

11 (6). Cal. glabr., shorter than the cor. (cor. white). Invol.-
ls small. — Fields; G. W. (Upper Engadine, valleys of
St. Nicolas and Saas). 6 septentrionaiis L. 1827.

— Cal. covered with stellate hairs, longer than the cor.,

much enlarged when mature. Invol.-ls very large! —
Fields of central Wall. 4, 5 . . maxima L. 1828.

OBS. A. glacialis-helvetica (Heerii Gaud.) ; A. glacialis-obt usifolia (Eb-

neri Kern.); A. Jielvet ica-pubescens (hybrida Kern,).

473. Aretia. Aretia. V, 42.

1. FIs yellow, green when dried. Cor. -tube twice as long
as the cal. — High Alp.; southern chain of Wall.; Alp.
of Loueche. 7 .... Vitaliana L. 1829.

474. Primula. Primula. V, 42.

1. Ls smooth, glabr., white powdery underneath, rolled

back when young. Cal. with indistinct angles. FIs flesh-
coloured ......... 2

— Ls wrinkled, hairy, rolled back when young Cal.

angular, with 5 distinct angles. FIs yellow, turning
green when dried ....... 3

— Ls rather fleshy, flat during their whole development,

rolled inwards when young. Cal. cylindric. FIs red or
violet, only yellow in P. Auricula ... 5

2. Cal.-teeth lanceolate. Cor.-tube almost 3 times as long
as the cal. (20 mm and more). — Alp., G. T. W. (Maria
Sils; Campologno; Binn, Saas, Zermatt). 6

longiflora All. 1830.

— Cal.-teeth oval. Cor.-tube about D/2 times as long as
the cal. — Marshy fields; distrib., up to the Alp. 5

farinosa L. 1831.

3. Cor. -limb concave. Cal. rather swollen, yellowish, with

oval, subacute teeth. Cor. scented, bright yellow; limb
10 — 15 mw in diameter. Hairs of the peduncles very
short. — b. suaveolens Bert. Ls white-tomentose under¬
neath, more distinctly cordate. — Dry fields ; disrib. b. T.
W. V. 4 . officinalis Scop. 1832. *)

*) The garden primula, P. hortensis Focke (Polyanthus hort.) appears
to be a hybrid form, propagating itself by seeds, of P. officinalis and P. vul¬
garis. The garden auriculas are, according to Kerner, derived from P. Auricula
and P. hirsuta.

Primulacese.

325

— Cor. -limb almost flat. Cal. not swollen, with lanceolate,
acuminate teeth ....... 4r

4. Pedicels united in an umbel on a common peduncle of
10— 30 crn, gen. inclined to one side, scarcely longer
than the cal. Hairs as long as, or shorter than, the diam.
of the pedicels. Cor. sulphur-yellow; limb 20— SO mm in-
diam. — Meadows, thickets; everywhere. 3; rather earlier
than the last ..... elatior Jacq. 1833.

— Pedicels radical, between the Is, without a common ped¬

uncle (rarely united in an umbel on a more or less
long peduncle), erect or spreading in every sense, al¬
most as long as the Is. Hairs longer than the diam. of
the pedicels. [Cor. pale sulphur-yellow, rarely rose or
whitish; limb"'30 — 35 mm in diam. Ls less sensibly nar¬
rowed to the base than in the 2 last. P. acaulis Jacq.,
P.grandiflora Lam. — Meadows and pasturages; not every¬
where (wanting in L. Z. S.), but very plentiful wherever
it is found. 3 . . . . . vulgaris Huds. 1834.

5 (1). Cor. yellow, rarely white, very rarely rose. Peduncles,
pedicels, cal. "and cor.-throat white-powdery.— Calc, rocks
of the Alp., subalp. and Jura (?), sometimes descend¬
ing. 5 . Auricula L. 1835.

— Cor. violet or rose, rarely white. Peduncles and pedi¬
cels not powdery . G

6. Ls pubescent-glandular on both sides, and ciliate with

glandular hairs. Pedicels much longer than the invols.
Cal. campanulate ....... 7

— Ls not hairy on the surface, but sometimes viscous or
shortly ciliate at the edges. Pedicels shorter than, or as
long as, the invol. Cal. campanulate-tubular . S

7. Ls oblong-obovate, narrowed insensibly to the petiole.
Stem 10 — 15 cm (with 2 — 15 fls) 1 — 2 times as long as
the ls. Stas in the androdynamous fls (with short style),
inserted immediately below the throat; throat slightly
powdery. Capsule longer than the cal. P. latifolia Koch,
not Lap.; P. graveolens Heg.; P. hirsuta Vill. not All.
— Alp. and subalp.; G. (especially in the Engadine). 6

viscosa All. 1836.

— Ls obovate or orbicular-obovate, suddenly contracted
to the petiole. Stem 3 — 7 cm , scarcely longer than the
ls. Stas of the androdynamous fls inserted rather above
the middle of the cor. -tube. Capsule shorter than the
cal. P. viscosa Vill. not All.; P. villosa/Koch not Jacq.

— Alp. and subalp. 6 hirsuta All. 1837.

— Ls lanceolate-cuneiform, almost truncate, toothed only
at the top, very viscous, thick. Stas of the androdyna¬
mous fls inserted at the middle of the tube. Caps, equal

326

Primulacese.

to the cal. A small pi. P. Daonensis Leyb. — Alp. ; G.
(Val Muranza, Wormserjoch). 6 . oenensis Thom. 1838.

8. Ls elliptic-oblong, entire (rarely slightly crenate), shortly
ciliate. P. Candolleana Rchb. — Pasturages of the high
Alp.; G. T. 0. U. A. (no further westward!). 6

integrifolia L. 1839.

— Ls lanceolate-cuneiform, toothed at the top, glabr., vis¬
cous. — Alp.; G. (Parpaner Rothhorn, Yal d’Assa and
Pizlat in the lower Engadine). 6 . glutinosa Wulf. 1840.

OBS. Hybrids: P. Auricula-hirsuta (P. pubescens Jacq., P. helvetica
Don., P. rhsetica Gaud.) ; P. Auricula- viscosa (P. aipina Schl., P. rhsetica Koch
not Gaud, ex Kern.); P. elatior -officinalis (P. media Peterm.) ; P. elatior-vul-
garis (digenea Kern.): P. hirsuta-viscosa (P. Berninse Kern); P. Jiirsuta-
integrifolia ; P. integri/olia-viscosa (P. Muretiana Moritzi, P. Dinyana Lagg.);
P. officinalis-vulgaris (P. brevistyla Dec , P. variabilis Goup.) ; P. suaveolens-
vulgaris (P. ternoviana Kern., 1869. P. Schmidelyi Grml. 1881).

475. Hottonia. Hottonia. Y, 36.

1. Ls submerged, pectinate-pinnatipartite, with linear seg¬
ments. FIs whorled, rose-coloured. — Marshes of the Swiss
plateau; rare; T. Y. J. Z. 5 . . palustris L. 1841.

476. Cortusa. Cortusa. Y, 36.

1. Ls cordate-orbicular, angular-lobed. FIs umbelled, rose-
coloured. — Alp.; G. (Lower Engadine). 5

Matthioli L. 1842.

477. Soldanella. Soldanella. Y, 38.

1. Cor. cleft to about the middle, with 5 membranous
scales at the throat between the stas. Stem gen. 2 — 3-fld.
Ls orbicular-reniform. — Alp. and higher Jura. 6

aipina L. 1843.

— Cor. cleft to barely a third (rarely deeper), without

scales at the throat, or with very short scales. Stem
1-fld (rarely 2-fld) ....... 2

2. Ls cordate-orbicular or orbicular-reniform. Cor. infundi-

buliform-campanulate, violet. — High Alp. (wanting in

Y.). 7 . pusilia Baumg. 1844.

— Ls (very small) orbicular, with no incision at the base.
Cor. (large in proportion) cylindric-campanulate, pale
lilac, streaked with dark violet inside. — High Alp.; in¬
dicated in Graub. (Yalserberg). 7 minima Hopp. 1845.

OBS. R. alpina-pusilla (hybrida Kern.) may also be found in Switz.

478. Cyclamen. Cyclamen. Y, 39.

1. Throat of the cor. toothed. FIs scentless. C. hederse-
folium auct. not Ait., C. subhastatum Rchb. — Stony,
thickety, calc, hills; V. (near Roche! St. Maurice?). 9

neapolitanum Ten. 1846.

Globulariace®. Plumbagineae.

327

— Throat of the cor. not toothed. FIs scented. C. coum.
Rchb. — Stony, thickety places, especially of the mount,
and subalp.; scattered (wanting in S.). 7

europaeum L. 1847.

479. Samolus. Samole. V, 15.

1. Ls oblong-obovate. FIs in racemes; peduncles with a
bracteole in the middle (!). — Marshes; very rare ; Y. (Abbaye
de Salaz in the Rhone-valley ; Roche; formerly in other
localities also). 6 . ... Valerandi L. 1848.

82. Globulariaceae.

480. Globularia. Globularia. IY, 20.

1. Stem bearing numerous ls. G. vulgaris auct. not L. —

b. elongata Heg. Stem taller; caul, ls smaller, more
distant (Graub.). — Pasturages, hills, gen. not uncommon
(but wanting in U. L.). 4 . . Willkommii Nym. 1849.

— Stem leafless or with only 1 — 2 scales . . 2

2. Rt-stock producing decumbent, barren stolons. FI. -stems

3 — 15 cw. FIs small.— Rock-debris of the Alp., subalp. and
Jura; sometimes also lower. 6 . cordifolia L. 1850.

— Rt-stock branchy, but without decumbent, barren stolons.

FI. -stems 10— 20 cm. Ls almost as long as the stems. —
Alp. and subalp. 5 ... nudicaulis L. 1851.

83. Plumbaginese.

481. Armeria. Thrift. V, 140.

1. Ls linear, slightly broader towards the base, or equal
in breadth, glabr. Outer invol.-ls obtuse, mucronate. —
Marshy meadows near Constance ( Wollmatinger-Ried
opposite Gottlieben); lake-shores near Mammern ; Sulger-
Biiel. 6 . rhenana Grml. 1852.*)

— Ls narrow linear-lanceolate, rather narrowed towards
the base, with glabr. or shortly rough-ciliate edges. In¬
vol.-ls as in the last. — High Alp.; rare; G. T. A. (Piz
Palu, Furca di Bosco, Gries-glacier, upper Sandalp). 7

alpina Willd. 1853.

— Ls linear-lanceolate, broader than in the last. Outer
invol.-ls acuminate. Seed elongated. — Alp.; W. (only in
the Yal d’Evolena; Chenevard!). 7 plantaginea Willd. 1853b.

*) Dififering from A. purpurea Koch (Memminger-Ried, in Bavaria), which
has also glabr. ls, only in its lower and more tufted growth, rather as in
A. alpina. Taken for A. alpina by Koch.

328

Planta^inace®.

84. Plantaginaceae.

482. Plantago. Plantain. IY, 20.

1. Peduncles springing from the axils of the rad. Is which
are in a rosette. Stem apparently 0 (much reduced) 2

— Peduncles springing from the axils of the, opp., caul.

Is ; stem developed, simple or branchy . . .9

2. Ls oval or elliptic. (Peduncles cylindric) . . 3

— Ls lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, or linear < . 4

3. Ls with a fairly long petiole (at least half as long as
the ls), erect-spreading. Peduncles erect or ascending,
and, without the spike, as. long or hardly longer than
the ls. Filaments of the stas whitish. — b. intermedia Gil.
(minima Dec., dwarf form). Ls thinner, softer, irreg.
toothed, more or less hairy, as also the arched ascend¬
ing peduncles; spikes shorter; seeds larger. (Geneva,
Rolle, Porrentruy.) — Roads, grassy places ; everywhere. 6

major L. 1854.

— Ls contracted to a short, broad petiole (barely 1/8 — w4
as long as the ls), gen. pressed against the soil. Ped¬
uncles arched at the base, 4 — 5 times as long as the
ls. Filaments of the stas light lilac. — As the last. 6

media L. 1855.

4. Cor.-tube pubescent. Ls linear. (Peduncles cylindric) o

— Cor.-tube glabr. Ls lanceolate or linear-lanceolate 6

5. Peduncles 5 — 15 cm. Spikes oblong-cylindric (in the high

Alp. almost globular). Ls blackish when dried, some¬
times (v. incana) shortly gray-pubescent. — Alp. and sub¬
alp., Dole in the Jura. 7 alpina L. 1856.

— Peduncles 15 — 30 cm. Spikes elongated (5 — 10 cm), linear-
cylindric. Ls thicker than in the last, glaucous, not
turning black when dried, sometimes ciliate (v. aspera
Gaud.) or with lobe-like, prominent teeth (v. bidentata
Murith?). Rt-stock very long (inde nomen!). P. mari-
tima Koch p. (serpentina Koch = carinata Schrad.),
P. integralis Gaud. — Uncultivated places, rare; G. T.
W. V. O. (Upper Engadine; Bellinzona; Simplon, Nicolai-
thal, St. Bernard; Geneva; Leuk). 7 serpentina Vill. 1857.

6. Peduncles more or less deeply furrowed. Seeds smooth 7

— Peduncles cylindric. Seeds wrinkled ... 8

7. Rt-stock oblique, truncate. Peduncles deeply furrowed,

b. capitata Ten. Spikes almost globular. Ls narrower,
villous-woolly at the base. — Road-sides, dry pasturages;
everywhere; b. T. W. 0. 4 . . lanceoiata L. 1858.

— Rt-stock descending, branchy. Peduncles less deeply
furrowed than in the last. Spikes oblong-cylindric, nar¬
rowed towards the top, villous-silken (but also varied

Plantaginacea;. Amarantace*.

329

with a less dense villosity). — Lucern- and clover-fields,
observed in 1874 in immense quantities near the railway
station at Kreuzlingen, with Ammi, Centaurea solstitialis,
Helminthia &c. ; near Geneva. 7 * Lagopus L. 1859.

8. Ls glabr. or with long scattered hairs. Spikes few-fld.
Peduncles 8--12 cm. — Alp., subalp. and Jura. 7

montana Lam. 1860.

— Ls almost villous-silken, as also the peduncles. Spikes
several-fid. Peduncles taller. Bracts larger. — Alp. ; in¬
dicated at the baths of Loueche and at Zermatt. 7

fuscescens Jord. 1861.*)

9 (1). The 2 front cal. -segments obliquely spathulate, very
obtuse. Stem herbaceous. — Sandy fields; Sesegnin, Canton
Geneva; in other places sometimes adventitious in lucern-
fields. 6 . arenaria W. K. 1862.

— The 2 front cal. -segments broad-oval, mucronate. Stem

almost shrubby below. Uncultivated places, rare. V.
Freibg., Monnetier. 6 Cynops L. 1863.

483. Littorella. Littorel. XXI, 33.

1. Rad. ls linear-subulate. Male fls solitary on a short ped¬
uncle; fem. fls 2 — 3 together, sessile at the base of the
male peduncles. — Sandy and damp shores; here and
there (wanting in G. U. L.). 5 . lacustris L. 1864.

85. Amarantaceae.

484. Amarantus. Amarantus. XXI, 35.

1. Perianth with 3 divisions. Stas 3. Fr. indehisc. Upper
clusters forming a spike-shaped, leafless panicle Stems
decumbent or ascending. Comp. Albersia (Euxolus).

— Perianth with 3 divisions. Stas 3. Fr. opening circularly

about the middle. Clusters all in the 1. -axils. Stern erect,
glabr. Like Albersia Blitum, but the ls are sub-obtuse
at the top, not emarginate. A. Blitum Moq. — Rubbish-
heaps, road-sides, rare; Wall., Vaud; Geneva, Freibg.;
Bale. 7 . sylvestris Desf. 1865.

— Perianth with 5 divisions. Stas 5. Fr. opening circularly.

Clusters forming a compact spike-shaped panicle. Stem
erect, hairy. — As the last; G. T. V. W. J. Z., partly
adventitious. 7 .... retroflexus L. 1866.

*) But, according to Decn., P. montana holosericea Gaud. = P. argentea
Chaix. (Victoriali8 Poir.).

23

330

Amarantacese. Chenopodiacese.

485. Albersia. Albersia. XXI, 35.

1. Stem glabr. Ls gen. incised at the top. Euxolus viridis
Moq. — Rubbish-heaps, road-sides; everywhere. 7

Blitum Kunth. 1867.

— Stem hairy above. Ls subacute or subobtuse, rarely in¬
cised at the top. — On walls; V. (Carouge). 7

deflexa Gren. 1868.

486. Polycnemum. Polycnemum. Ill, 6.

1. Bracts shorter than the perianth, or scarcely as long.
Fr. scarcely 1 mm long. — Fields and stubble, not common.
Aubonne! Other localities remain to be verified on ac¬
count of the confusion with the following. 7 arvense L. 1869.

— Bracts longer than the perianth. Fr. nearly 2 min long.

PI. more robust in every way, with thicker, stiffer
branches. — As the last; W. Y. Bale (St. Louis), Diessen-
liofen, Schaffh. 1 ... . majus A. Br. 1870.

86. Chenopodiacese.

487. Chenopodium. Goosefoot. V, 133.

1. Ls pubescent-glandular, not powdery, sinuate-pinnati-

partite. — Rubbish-heaps and road-sides in warm parts,
especially 0. T. W., sometimes adventitious in other
places. 7 . . ... . Botrys L. 1871.

— Ls not glandular and glabr. (without hairs), but often,

especially when young, powdery through the effect of
small, gen. sessile papillse ..... 2

2. Stigs elongated. Seeds all vertical. PI. perenn. Ls trian¬
gular-hastate, with entire and rather wavy edges, rarely
(v. dentatum) deeply sinuate-dentate. Blitum Bonus Hen-
ricus Rchb. — Rubbish-heaps, road-sides; everywhere. 5

Bonus Henricus L. 1872.

— Stigs short. Seeds all horizontal or at least the terminal

seed of the cluster (there are vertical seeds in 1880
and 1881, gen. with a 2 — 3-fid perianth and 1—3 stas).
Ann. pi. ........ 3

3. Ls cordate at the base, large, deeply sinuate-angular,
gen. with 2—4 large teeth on each side, and acuminate
with a long point. — As the last; fairly distrib. 7

hybridum L. 1873.

— Ls with the base narrowed to a petiole . . 4

4. Ls entire ........ 5

— Ls sinuate-dentate, or incised, rarely entire in C. album 6

5. Ls not powdery, oval or oval-oblong. Fr. not covered
by the perianth. Clusters arranged sometimes more in

Chcnopodiaceee.

331

the form of a spike (v. acutifolium), sometimes more
in the form of a cyme (v. cymosum). — Fields, rubbish-
heaps; distrib. 7 polyspermum L. 1874.

— Ls powdery, oval-rhomboidal. Fr. covered by the peri¬
anth. PI. very foetid. — Between the pavements and on
manured ground in warm parts (wanting in U. L. A.). 7

Vulvaria L. 1875.

6. Fl.-axes and perianth powdery .... 7

— Fl.-axes and perianth not powdery ... .9

7. Seeds dull, with sharp edges. Ls of a dull green, slightly

shiny, not very powdery underneath, with unequal, deep
and acute teeth. — Rubbish-heaps and road-sides; fairly
distrib. 7 . . . . . . . murale L. 1876.

— Seeds shining, with rather obtuse edges. Ls dull, more
or less powdery underneath, unequally angular-toothed S

8. Lower and middle ls orbicular-rhomboidal or oval-rhom¬
boidal, about as broad as long, often rather 3-lobed,
obtuse, the upper narrower, but at the same time broader
than in 1878. — As the last, rare; Vallee de la Viege,
Sion, Branson, Bale, Kreuzlingen, Chur. 7

opulifolium Schrad. 1877.

— Lower and middle ls oval-rhomboidal or almost oval-

lanceolate, distinctly longer than broad, acute, the upper,
rarely all (v. lanceolutum) oblong-lanceolate, with almost
entire edges — Varied: Clusters sometimes arranged more
in the form of a pyramidal spike (v. spicatum), some¬
times more in a corymb-shaped panicle and then the
Is more often green (v. cymigerum). — As the last; every,
where. 7 . . . • • . . album L. 1878.

— Lower and middle Is considerably longer than broad,
almost hastate— 3-lobed, the middle lobe elongated. Style
rather more distinctly spotted than in the 2 last.— As
the last, rare; lower Rhone-valley (Sion, Colombey,
Bouveret, Collonges); Constance; Sargans. 8

ficifolium Sm. 1879.

9(6). Ls two-coloured, whitish gray underneath, oblong,
sinuate-dentate. — As the last; local; W. V. 0. B. J. A. 7

glaucum L. 1880.

— Ls con-coloured or slightly mealy underneath, triangular

or rhomboidal ....... 10

10. Full-grown ls not mealy (shining, often red), rhomboidal-
triangular, almost hastate -3-lobed, deeply sinuate-dent¬
ate. Lateral spikes with small ls. Seeds small, reddish
brown, some, at least, vertical. Like Blitum virgatum.
— As before; 0. W. V. U. Z. A. 7 rubrum L. 1881.

— Ls faintly powdery, triangular-rhomboidal, narrowed to
the petiole, sinuate-dentate. Lateral spikes almost leaf-

332

Chcnopodiacese. Phytolacaceae.

less. Seeds larger, blackish brown, all horizontal. Like
C. raurale. — As the last, rather rare; W. ? V. B. J. Z. 7

Intermedium M. K. 1882.*)

488. Blitum. Blitum. I, 5. V, 133.

1. Clusters of fls all in the 1. -axils (Stem leafy up to the
top.) — Uncultivated, stony places; Gr. W. U. A.; some¬
times adventitious in other parts. 6 virgatum L. 1883.

— Only the lower clusters in the 1. -axils, the upper leaf¬

less. — Rubbish-heaps and road-sides; adventitious and
variable. 6 .... * capitatum L. 1884.

489. Atriplex. Oraclie. XXI, 35.

1. Fem. fls (on the same pi.) of various forms; some with

3 — 5-partite perianth and the seed horizontal without
bracts; but most without a perianth, with 2 bracts and
vertical seeds. Fr. -bracts oval-orbicular, entire. — Some¬
times subspontaneous on rubbish-heaps and way-sides;
more often cultivated. 7 . f hortensis L. 1885.

— Fem. fls all of the same form, all without perianth, with

2 bracts and vertical seeds ..... 2

2. Lower and middle Is lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate,
narrowed to a short petiole, the lower often hastate.
Fr.-bracts hastate-rhomboidal , larger than the fr. or
(v. erectum lluds ) only as large as the fr. and at the
same time denticulate-tubercular on the back. A. angusti-
folia Sm — Uncultivated places, fallow; distrib. 7, 8

patula L. 1886.

— Ls broader than in the last, the lower and middle ones
hastate-triangular, the base truncate almost in a straight
line, and the petiole longer. Fr.-bracts almost triangular.
A. latifolium Wahl. — As the last, but very rare and
probably adventitious (Morges, Auenstein &c.) Z. T. 8

hastatuni L. 1887.

OBS. To this family also belong: the genus Spinacia, spinach, of which
2 species are cultivated, viz.: S. glabra Mill, (inermis Monch) and 8. oleracea
L. (spinosa Monch) ; also Beta vulgaris L. of which 2 principal forms are
cultivated, viz.: B. vulgaris Cicla, common Beet, with a (relatively) thin root,
and B. vulgaris rapacea, Beetroot, with a thick root projecting above the soil.

87. Phytolacaceae.

490. Phytolacca. Phytolacca. X, 1.

1. Stem 10 — 20 dm. Ls oval-lanceolate, with entire edges.
Fls in racemes, red. Berries black. — Road-sides and
hedges; naturalised in transalpine Switz. 7

decandra L. 1888.

*) The true Q. urbicum L. which differs in its almost triangular ls
with the base cut almost in a straight line, and its shorter teeth, appears to
be wanting with us.

Polygonaceae.

333

88. Polygonaceae.

491. Rumex. Dock. VI, 37. XXII, 28.

1. Ls hastate or sagittate (with an acid flavour); in R. ni¬

valis scarcely hastate, but fls dioecious (false whorls
without ls) ....... 2

— Ls neither hastate nor sagittate. Fls gen. hermaphrodite,

rarely polygamous ....... 6‘

2. Fls polygamous (hermaphr. and male fls on the same
pi ). Ls about as broad as long, gen. glaucous. It. glaucus
Jacq. (a robust, very glaucous form). — Stony places and
detritus on the Alp., subalp. and Jura, also, through
former cultivation, on walls at a lower elevation. 6

scutatus L. 1881b

— Fls dioecious ........ ,‘t

3. Inner divisions of the fr. -perianth thick-scarious, in¬

distinctly net-veined, not larger than the fr., with no
callosity; outer divisions of the perianth erect-applied.
Stem 5 — 30 on. — Fallow, wood-clearings, peat-mosses;
distrib. 5 . Acetosella L. 1890.

Inner divisions of the fr. -perianth membranous, thin,
strongly net-veined, much larger than the fr., with a short
callosity at the base; outer divisions of the perianth re¬
flexed . . . . . . . . . 1

4. Stein 5 — 10 cm, leafless or with 1 — 2 1s. Ls rather thick,
with obtuse or indistinct auricles. — Detritus on the high
Alp., on limestone; eastern Switz. and 0. 8

nivalis Heg. 1891.

— Stem 30 — 90 cm, leafy. Ls with distinct auricles . 5

5. Ls thin, distinctly nerved, the lower obtuse. Auricles

spreading outwards. L. -sheaths entire, short. — Alp., sub¬
alp. and Jura. 1 ... . arifolius All. 1892.

— Ls ratlier thick, with less distinct nerves, acute. Auricles

directed downwards (almost parallel to the petiole).
L. -sheaths laciniate, longer than in the last. — Meadows,
pasturages; everywhere. 5 . . Acetosa L- 1893.

6 (1). Inner divisions of the perianth distinctly toothed 7

— Inner divisions of the perianth entire or with unapparent

teeth ......... 11

7. Ann. or bienn. pis. Ls all, the lower also, narrowed to
the petiole. (False whorls many-fld, all supported by ls) $

— Perenn. pis. Lower ls with rounded or cordate base it

8. Teeth of the inner divisions of the perianth setaceous,
longer than the breadth of the divisions. Upper false-
whorls confluent. Ls linear-lanceolate. PI. tinted with
golden yellow when mature.-- Marshes , edges of ponds;

334

Polygonacese.

Egelsee, Canton Schaffh. (formerly at least), Bonfol?
Rheinfelden? Oberentfelden , Aargau? 7

mantimus L. 1894.

— Teeth of the inner divisions of the perianth subulate,
shorter or scarcely as long as the breadth of the di¬
visions. False -whorls separated from one another. Ls
long-lanceolate. PI. of a dirty greenish yellow when
mature, taller than the last. R. conglomeratus-maritimus
auct. — As the last; indicated near Rheinfelden ; Bregenz. 7

* palustris Sm 1895.

9. Branches divergent. False whorls distant from one
another, each, except the last, supported by a small 1.
Inner divisions of the perianth bordered on each side
by 6 — 8 almost spiny teeth. — Uncultivated places and
way-sides; T. W. V. 6 . . . . pulcher L. 1896.

— Branches erect-ascending. False whorls without ls or

only the lower ones supported by a leaf . . 10

10. Inner divisions of the perianth triangular-oval (5 mm
long), prolonged at the top in an entire lobe, and bord¬
ered below by 2 — 4 triangular or triangular-subulate
teeth on each side. Rad. ls cordate-oblong, obtuse or
subacute. — Meadows, road-sides; everywhere. 7

obtusifolius L. 1897.

— Inner divisions of the perianth broader than in the last,

obtusely triangular at the top, less prolonged; teeth
more numerous, shorter. Rad. ls longer, narrower and
more acute. R. crispus-obtusifolius. — As the last, but
rare. 7 . * pratensis M. K. 1898.

11 (6). Inner divisions of the perianth (small) linear -ob¬
long, almost twice as long as broad, obtuse. False
fr. -whorls distant ....... 12

— Inner divisions of the perianth (larger) oval-triangular,

cordate-rounded or suborbicular, as broad or almost
as broad as long. False fr. -whorls more or less
crowded ......... 13

12. False whorls leafy, except the highest. Inner divisions
of the perianth gen. all with a callosity. Pedicels jointed
a little below the middle. Branches arched-ascending.
Ditches, shores, damp thickets; everywhere. 7

conglomeratus Murr. 1899.

— False whorls all leafless, or only the lower supported

by a leaf. Gen. only one of the inner divisions of the
perianth with a callosity. Pedicels jointed close to the
base. Branches erect-spreading. R. sanguineus Koch. —
Woods, damp thickets; probably distrib. (wanting in G.
T. U.); the form with the stems and nerves of the ls
blood-red; Vaud. 7 . . nemorosus Schrad. 1900.

Polygonaccre

335

13. Inner divisions of the perianth all, or at least one, with

a callosity ........ 14-

— Inner divisions of the perianth all without the callosity Id

14. Inner divisions of the perianth triangular-oval, all with

a callosity. Stem 10 — 20 dm. Ls very large, oblong-
lanceolate, narrowed at the base. — Marshes, shores; not
common. W. Y. J. Z. S. 7 . Hydrolapathum L. 1901.

— Inner divisions of the perianth suborbicular or cordate-

orbicular . . . . . . . . 1,5

15. Ls rather thick, with wavy-crisp edges, lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate. Inner divisions of the perianth
all with a callosity, but 2 of the callosities often smaller
or indistinct. — Damp meadows, ditches; everywhere. 7

crispus L. 1902.

— Ls thinner and larger than in the last, the edges not,

or only slightly, crisp, oval-lanceolate. Only one of the
inner divisions of the perianth with a callosity. — Old
walls and ruins, rarely naturalised (Sion, Aarburg,
Wildegg). 7 .... Patientia L. 1903

16 (13). Ls very large, cordate-oval, acute, broader towards
the base, almost triangular. Stem 10 — 15 dm. R. Hippo-
lapathum Fr. — Shores, ditches, rare; Neuchatel, Solo-
thurn, Zurich, Schaffh. 8 . . aquaticus L. 1904.

— Ls large, cordate-suborbicular, rounded-obtuse or shortly

acuminate on the obtuse apex. Stem 5 — 10 dm. — Alp.
and subalp., by preference near chalets; wanting on the
Jura. 8 . alpinus L. 1905.

OBS. Hybrids: /»'. crispus-nemorosns on the Eschenberg and R. eonglome-

ratus-crispus near Walkenweier (both according to Siegfried). R. alpinus-obtusi-

foUus, Enzeindaz and Pilatus (according to Haussknecht).

492. Oxyria. Mountain-sorrel. YI, 37.

1. Ls reniform, eraarginate at the top, almost all radical.
—Detritus of the high Alp. 7 . digyna Hill. 190(5.

493. Polygonum. Knot-grass. VIII, 13, 22,

Y, 60, 132, 142. YI, 36.

1. Ls cordate-sagittate ...... 2

— Ls not cordate-sagittate ..... .5

2. Stem erect. Fr. surrounded by the perianth only at the

base . ;i

— Stem winding. Fr. surrounded by the perianth . ^

3 FIs rose or white. Corners of the fr. entire. Fagopyrum
esculentum Monch. 7 . . f Fagopyrum L. 1907.

— FIs greenish, smaller than in the last. Fr. with sinuate-

dentate corners. — With the last, introduced and some¬
times subspontaneous. 7 . . f tataricum L. 1908.

336

Polygonaceae.

4. Pedicels jointed near to the perianth; outer divisions
of the perianth obtusely keeled. Stem 5 — 15 dm. — fields
after mowing, market-gardens; distrib 7

Convolvulus L. 1909.

— Pedicels jointed below the middle. Outer divisions of

the perianth with a winged-membranous keel (wings
2 — 3 mm broad). Stem 10 — 20 dm.— Hedges, damp thickets ;
distrib. but not common. 7 . . dumetorum L. 1910.

5 (1). FI. -clusters separate in the axils of ordinary leaves
(sometimes rather reduced towards the top). Stem gen.
very branchy with prostrate, rarely (v. erectum Roth.)
erect ramifications. P. microspermum Jord. (a delicate
narrow-leafed sand form: Geneva!). — Road- sides, rubbish-
heaps: everywhere. 6 aviculare L. 1911.

— Fl.-clusters crowded in the axils of (reduced) bracts,
forming a false spike or a raceme, or only the lower
ones rather distant in the axils of ordinary small Is (>

6. FIs yellowish white in paniculate false racemes. — Meadows ;

G. T. W. 0. IT. (in immense quantities in the trans¬
alpine valleys i. 1 ... . alpinum L. 1912.

— FIs in false spikes ....... 7

7. Stems lateral, terminated by a single (rarely 2 in P.
Bistorta) spike. Styles 3, separate; stigs small . S

— Stems terminal, bearing several spikes (in P. amphibium
only 3 — 1). Styles 2 — 3, slightly united; stigs large f)

8. Lower Is oblong-oval, cordate at the base, with a winged
petiole. FIs flesh-coloured. - Damp meadows, in patches,
especially in the valleys of the mount. 5 Bistorta L. 1 9# 3.
Ls all elliptic-lanceolate, contracted to the petiole, rolled
at the edges. Petioles not winged. FIs white, gen. inter¬
mixed with little bulbs. — Alp., subalp. and Jura. 6

viviparum L. 1914.

9. Perenn. pis with creeping rt-stock Ls with long petioles,
floating, in the land form (v. terrestre) with shorter
petioles, narrower and rough, with short hairs. — Ponds,
ditches; the variety at the edges of ditches and fields;

distrib. 7 . amphibium L. 1915.

Ann. pis, with a fusiform-fibrous rt. Ls shortly petioled
or sessile ........ 10

10. Spikes oblong-cylindric, compact, erect, or, the lateral

especially, rather laxer and slightly drooping . 11

— Spikes linear-filiform, slender, lax, interrupted at the

base, drooping, rarely (in 1920) almost erect . 12

11. Common peduncles more or less glandular. Sheaths lying
looser on the stem, with short fine ciliae. Ls spotted
(often glandular) underneath. P. tomentosum Schrank. —
Yar. : with fls of a greenish white, and rose fas in P.
Persicaria), the ls gray-tomentose underneath (v. incanum),

Polygonacete. Thymeleace®.

337

and the stem tall with thick nodes, and slenderer spikes
(v. nodosum Pers.? *) ; also b . punctatum Grml. Ls spotted
underneath as also the perianth with numerous golden
glands. — Ditches, manure-heaps, village streets; b. Kreuz-
lingen, Lugano. 7 — 9 . . . lapathifolium L. 1916.

— Common peduncles without, or with very scattered, glands.
Sheaths closely applied, with long stiff cilim. Ls not
spotted underneath. — As the last; everywhere. 7—9

Persicaria L. 1917.

12. Perianth with 3 — 4 divisions, covered with numerous

shining glands. PI. with a sharp peppery flavour.
Sheaths, especially the upper, shortly ciliate.— Ditches,
damp wooded places; distrib. 7 . Hydropiper L. 1918.

— Perianth gen. with 5 divisions, not glandular, or only

with indistinct glands at the base. PI. with a herby
flavour. Sheaths long-ciliate . .... Vi

13. Ls oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends (the
greatest breadth about the middle), veined. Spikes
drooping. - Ditches, river banks; distrib. 7, 8

mite Schrank. 1919.

Ls narrower than in the last, rounded at the base or
hardly narrowed, then of equal breadth as far as the
middle, narrowed insensibly and almost in a straight
line from there to the top, indistinctly veined. - Ditches,
damp fields; local (wanting in S.). 7 minus Huds. 1920,

OBS. P. Persicaria and the allied species produce hybrids which are
difficult to determine and require further examination as regards Switzerland.
Wilpjs professes to have found near Geneva: P. lapathifolium- Persicaria,
Papon near Yilleneuve: P. Hydropiper- Persicaria. P. Hydropiper-mite accord¬
ing to Siegfried. P. Bistorta-viviparum Br. near Chur.

89. Thymeleaceae.

494. Passerma. Passerina. VIII, 14.

1. FIs greenish, in long leafy spikes. Ls linear-lanceolate.
Fields, fallow; not rare (wanting in T.). 7

annua Wikstr. 1921.

495. Daphne. Daphne. VIII, 14.

1. FIs (before the ls) gen. 3 together, sessile in the axils
of the ls (now fallen) of the past year, rose-coloured,
rarely white (and then the berries yellow?). — Woods,
up to 2200m, in rocky places of the Alp.: Jaccard;
distrib. 3 . Mezerium L. 1922.

*) We do not know another P. nodosum Meissn. Aschers., which
differs from this in having the common peduncles without, or almost without,
glands. Can this be P. lapathifolium Heg.? incanum Gaud. ? See N.Beitr III, 23.

338

Thymeleacese. Laurinese. Santalaceae.

— Fls in short racemes, drooping, in the 1. -axils, yellowish

green. Ls persist., leathery. — Mountain woods, es¬
pecially in the Jura (wanting in G. 0. S. A.) and W.
above St. Maurice. 2, 8 . . . Laureola L. 1928.

— FIs in terminal, umbel-shaped fascicles, white or rose-

coloured ......... 2

2. Ls soft, oblong-obovate, hairy when young. Perianth
white, villous. — Alp., subalp. and Jura (wanting in U. A.) 4

alpina L. 1924.

— Ls leathery, linear-cuneiform, always glabr. Perianth

rose-coloured ........ 3

3. Perianth glabr. — Limestone Alp. ; G. T. LT. A. (wanting

in the eastern Alp.). 6 . . . striata Tratt. 1925.

— Perianth hairy. — Jura (Marchairuz to Eglisau) : Tess.

(Mt. Salvadore). 6 . . . . Cneorum L. 1926.

90. Laurinese.

496. Laurus. Bay. IX, 1. XXII, 14.

1. Ls oblong-lanceolate, leathery, persistent. FIs greenish,
in fascicled umbels placed in the 1. -axils. — Often cul¬
tivated in gardens near the lake of Geneva; subspon-
taneous, it is said, in Tess. (near Gandria). 4

t nobilis L. 1927.

91. Santalacese.

497. Thesium. Thesium. V, 57. IV, 26. *

1. Below each fl. 1 bract. Stem terminated by a tuft of

ls without fls. — Pasturages, rare; G. Zurich, Schatfh.,
Thurgau (Mammern). 6 . rostratum SV1. K. 1928. *)

— Below each fl. 3 bracts. Stem bearing fls up to the top 2

2. Perianth, after flowering, only rolled up at the top and

then equal to or longer than the fr. ... 3

— Perianth, after flowering, rolled up almost to the base

and then only 1/s as long as the fr. ... 5

3. Fr.- bearing branchlets spreading almost horizontally,

gen. in every direction (the axis bent in a zigzag).
Stem 15 — 30 cm. — Pasturages, especially of the mount,
and subalp. 6 .... pratense Ehrh. 1929.

— Fr. -bearing branchlets erect-spreading £

4. Stem 15 — 30 cm, almost erect, gen. terminated by a
panicle; panicle lax, not unilateral. — Scliwyz, Zurich,
Winterthur, Chur. (Valley-form of T. alpinum?)

ienuifolium Saut. 1930.

*) A form with smaller fls and longer styles: Th. Heerii Muret in.
Grml. Excfl. 3rd ed. 332 : Jaggi, Scbroter.

Santalaceae. Eleagnaceae. Aristoloehiaceae. Empetraceae.

339

— Stem 10 — 15 cm, decumbent-ascending, terminated by a
simple raceme; raceme rather dense, unilateral. — Pas¬
turages of the Alp., subalp. and Jura, also lower. G

alpinum L. 1931.

5 (2). Ls dark bluish-green, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,
acuminate. Rt-stock descending, branchy. Stem 40 — 80 cm.
— Thickety hills, wood-sides; G. T. J. Z. S. 7

montanum Ehrh. 1932.

— Ls yellowish green, rather firmer than in the last, linear-

lanceolate or linear, acute. Rt-stock emitting brittle,
knotty stolons. Stem 15 — 30cm. — As the last, rare; G.
W. Y. J. U. Z. ? 6 . . . intermedium Schrad. 1933.

92. Eleagnaceae.

498. Hippophae. Hippophae. XXII, 14.

1. Ls linear lanceolate, silvery white and sprinkled with
reddish scales underneath. A spiny shrub. — Riverbeds;
local (wanting in L.). 4 . . rhamnoides L. 1934.

93. Aristolochiaceae.

499. Aristolochia. Aristolochia. XX, 1.

1. FIs fascicled, much shorter than the ls which support
them. — Stony waste places, hedges, vineyards, not com¬
mon (wanting in J. ? U. L.). 5 . Clematitis L. 1935.

— FIs solitary, longer than the Is which support them. —

T. (Lugano). 4 rotunda L. 1936.

500. Asarum. Asarum. XI, 6.

1. 2 orbicular-reniform ls, with long petioles, and between
these 2 ls 1 solitary fl., shortly peduncled and drooping.
Perianth blackish purple inside. — Woods, thickets; dis-
trib. 4 . europaeum L. 1937.

94. Empetraceae.

501. Empetrum. Empetrum. XXII, 11.

1. Ls linear, rolled at the edges (acicular). FIs solitary
in the 1. -axils, rose, rarely white. — High Alp. and Jura
(Creux du Van. vallee de Joux, &c.). 5, 6 nigrum L. 1938.

340

Euphorbiacese.

95. Euphorbiacese.

502. Buxus. Box. XXI, 15.

1. Ls opp., elliptic, leathery, persistent (the upper and lower
layer of their tissue easily separating!).— Thickety hills,
especially in the Jura (wanting in U. L. S. A.); every¬
where in gardens. 4 sempervirens L. 1939.

503. Euphorbia. Spurge. XI, 6. XXI, 25.

1. Ls opp. in the form of a cross. Caps, large. Stem 50 to

100 cm. — Uncultivated places, road-sides; T. W. V., pro¬
bably subspontaneous. 6 . . Lathy ris L. 1940.

— Ls alternate ........ 2

2. Glands (of the calvx-like invol.) orbicular, or transverse

oval .......... .3

— Glands crescent-shaped, the points sometimes long. (Ls
entire) ......... f)

3. Seed pitted. Ls obovate, narrowed to the petiole, denti¬
culate towards the top. Capsule smooth. — Cultivated
places ; market-gardens ; everywhere. 5 H elioscopia L. 1941.

— Seeds smooth ........ 4i

4. Caps, smooth or only finely spotted. Ls rather firm,
glaucous, linear-lanceolate, the edges quite entire, glabr.
Umbels with numerous rays. — Uncultivated stony places,
near water; W. Y. L. Z. S. 6 Gerardiana Jacq. 1942.

— Caps, with distinct tubercles. Ls gen. denticulate towards
the top .........

5. Glands blackish red, rarely (v. chloradenia Boiss.) greenish.

Rt-stock horizontal, fleshy, articulate-dentate. Ls of the
involucels triangular-oval, truncate at the base. E. alpi-
gena Kern.! — Woods; distrib. 5 . dulcis L. 1943.*)

— Glands wax- or brownish-yellow .... 6*

6. Umbels with 5 - many rays ; terminal umbel often exceeded
by the lateral flowerless branches. Ls glabr. Stem
80 — 150cm. — Marshes, river-banks; T. W. Y. J. Z. 6

palustris L. 1944.

— Umbels with 3—5 rays. Ls glabr. or more often hairy.

Stem 30 — 60 cm ...... 7

7. Perenn. pis with numerous stems, spreading in a circle
or ascending. Leaflets of the involucels elliptic, nar¬
rowed or rounded at the base, at last gen. yellow tinted
with red. — Dry hills, road-sides; not everywhere. T. 5

verrucosa Lam. 1945.

— Ann. or bienn. pis. Stems erect or ascending-erect. Ls

of the involucels almost triangular-oval, truncate at the
base . . . . . . . . . S

*) Our form with glabr. capsules — E. purpurata Thuill. The typical
form with hairy capsules and thick jointed rt-stock appears to be wanting in
Switzerland.

Euphorbiaccre.

341

8. Caps. 3 — 4 mm broad, covered with short, almost hemi¬
spheric tubercles. Umbels with 5 (rarely 3 or 4) rays.
Road-sides, ditches, fields; not everywhere (wanting in
U. L ). 7 . platyphylla L. 1946.

— Caps. 2 mm broad, covered with shortly cylindric
tubercles, longer than in the last. Umbels with 3 (rarely
4 or 5) rays. Stem slenderer, Is thinner, seeds smaller.
— As the last; distrib. but earlier . stricta L. 1947.

9 (2). Perenn. pis with many-stemed or creeping rt-stock.
Umbels with numerous rays. Seed smooth . .

— Ann. pis. Umbels with 3 — 5 rays. Seeds pitted or tu¬
bercular ......... 12

10. Involucel-ls united in pairs at the base, only leaving

2 lateral incisions. Ls hairy. Stem leafless below, with
crowded ls about the middle and smaller, more distant
Is above. — Woods, slopes; not rare (wanting in U. L.). 5

amygdaloides L. 1948.

— Involucel-ls free. Ls glabr. .... 11

11. Ls linear (2 — 3 mm broad), those of the branches very

narrow (1 mm). — Gravelly places, road-sides, river banks;
everywhere. 5 . . . . . Cyparissias L. 1949.

— Ls linear-lanceolate, broader than in the last, those of

the branches almost of the same form. — Aarburg, Hiitten-
see, Canton Zurich. 5 . * virgata W. K. 1950.

12 (9) Carpels of the caps, with 2 narrow wings on the back.
Ls petioled, obovate, very obtuse, entire. — Cultivated
ground, market-gardens; everywhere. 6 Peplus L 1951.

— Carps without wings on the back . . . IS

13. Iuvolucel-ls linear, broader at the base. Ls linear. Seed
tubercular. — Fields, especially after mowing; distrib. 5, 6

exigua L. 1952.

— Involucel-ls obliquely oval or half-orbicular . 14

14. Glands with short points. Seeds marked with little pits

arranged in rows. Ls obovate-lanceolate, the upper with

a prickly point. —Fields ; W. V. J. Z. (mostly in western
Switz.). 6 ...... falcata L. 1953.

— Glands with long points. Seeds irreg. netted with pits. Ls
linear or linear-lanceolate, acuminate. — Fields ; formerly
near Sierre in Wall, and recently found near Yvorne. 6

*segetalis L. 1954.

504. Mercurialis. Mercury. XXII, 29.

1. Perenn. pis; rt-stock creeping. Stem simple, leafless
below. — Woods and thickets; distrib. 4 perennis L. 1955.

— Ann. pis; rt. fusiform. Stem branchy, leafy all over. —
Market-gardens, rubbish-heaps; distrib., but at the same
time only local in central Switz. 5, 6 annua L. 1956

342

Urticacese.

96. Urticaceae.

505. Urtica. Mettle. XXI, 34. XXII, 30.

1. PI. 15 — 30 cw, ann., monoecious (male and fern, fls on
the same raceme). Ls oval, acute, inciso-dentate. — On
walls, rubbish-heaps, near dwellings ; almost everywhere. 6

urens L 1957.

— PI. of 60- — 100 oh, perenn., gen. dioecious. Ls oval, acu¬

minate, cordate at the base, coarsely toothed. U. hispi-
dula Cariot (see N. Beitr. I, 21). — Hedges, road-sides;
everywhere. 6, 7 . . . . dioica L. 1958.

506. Parietaria. Peilitory. IV, 29.

1. Perianth of the staminiferous fls as long as the stas.
Ls elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate. Stem erect, gen. simple
or not much branched. P. erecta M. K. — Walls, rubbish-
heaps; here and there (wanting in L. S.). 6

officinalis L. 1959.

— Perianth of the staminiferous fls elongated at last and

as long again as the stas. Ls smaller, shorter and
broader. Stem decumbent, gen. very branchy. P. diffusa
M. K. — Walls, transalpine Switz ; Fort de l’Ecluse, not
far from Geneva. 7 . ramiflora Monch. 1960.

506*. Cannabis. Hemp. XXII, 29.

1. Male fls in a lax panicle; fern, fls in clusters. 7

f sativa L. 1961.

507. Humulus. Hop. XXII, 20.

1. Ls heart-shaped at the base, palmati-lobed, with 3—5
lobes, the upper also undiv., the surface rough-lumpy.
Stem twining to the right (*. e. as the hands of a clock).
— Hedges, thickets; distrib. 7 . Liipulus L. 1962.

508. Ulmus. Elm. V, 128. IV, 6. VIII, 15.

1. Fls with long pedicels, fascicled, pendent. Fr. long and

softly ciliate at the edges. Ls soft-pubescent underneath.
— Woods, rare; Bale, Freudenthal, Canton Schaffli.,
Lagern, Canton Aargau. 3 . . effusa Willd 1963.

— Fls with short pedicels, or almost sessile. Clustered,

not pendent. Fr. glabr. Type of U. campestris . 2

2. Seed placed immediately below the incision of the fr.
Ls acute or short acuminate, doubly crenate-dentate,
glabr. or almost glabr. above, tufted below in the axils
of the nerves, otherwise almost glabr. Stas gen. 3 — 4.
U. suberosa Ehrli. (branches with corky wings on the
bark). — Woods, the localities need verifying on account
of confusion with the following! 3 glabra Mill. 1964.

Urticaceae. Platanacese. Juglandete.

343

— Seed some distance from the incision, placed about the
middle of the fr. Ls larger than in the last (12 — 15 cw),
more or less long and suddenly acuminate, doubly
toothed, the double teeth bent in the form of a sickle,
rough above, more or less short-pubescent underneath.
Stas gen. 5—6. U. major Sm. — As the last, apparently
commoner. 3; rather earlier . . montana With. 1965.

509. Celtis. Celtis. V, 128.

1. Ls oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, toothed. FIs solitary
in the 1. -axils. — Transalpine Switz.; Simplon (Gondo). 8,4

australis L. 1966.

510. Morus. Mulberry. XXI, 16.

1. False berries whitish, sometimes tinted with red on one
side, with a sweet insipid flavour. Ls soft; with only
one principal ramification from the base of the middle
nerve on each side. 5 . . . j* alba L. 1967.

— False berries black, larger, with a sweet-acid flavour.
Ls harder, with 2 principal ramifications on each side
from the base of the middle nerve. 5 t nigra L. 1968.

511. Ficus. Fig. XXI, 16.

1. Ls heart-shaped at the base, palmatilobed or undiv.,
rough. — Rocky places; W. T. at least subspontaneous. 4

Carica L. 1969.

97. Platanaceae.

512. Platanus. Plane. XXI, 16.

1. Branches fairly erect. Ls pentagonal, indistinctly lobed,
covered underneath with a gen. persistent pubescence,
the base gen. cordate or truncate, never cuneiform. —
An ornamental tree originally from N.America. 5

f occidentalis L. 1970.

— Branches spreading. Ls deeply 5-lobed or 5-fid, the lobes
acute or acuminate, often slightly toothed, becoming
glabr. underneath, the base cuneiform or (b. acerifolici
Willd.) truncate or slightly cordate. — An ornamental
tree originally from the East. . f orientalis L. 1971.

98. Juglandeae.

513. Juglans. Walnut. XXI, 6.

1. Leaflets 5 — 9 (gen. 7), oblong or oblong-oval, acute or
acuminate, almost entire. — Cultivated. 5 f regia L. 1972.

344

Fagineae. Carpineae.

99. Fagineae (Q,uercineae).

514. Fagus. Beech. XXI, 12.

1. Ls elliptic-oval, feebly sinuate, villous-ciliate at the edges.
— Woods, up to 1500 m. 4 . . sylvatica L. 1973.

515. Castanea. Spanish chestnut. XXI, 13.

1. Ls oblong-lanceolate, toothed with cuspidate teeth, leathery,
glabr. — Transalpine Switz. where this tree constitutes
the forests; rarer on this side of the Alps. 5

sativa Mill. 1974.

516. Quercus. Oak. XXI, 14.

1. Stigs yellow. Scales of the cup long, linear-subulate,
spreading, twisted. — Woods of the mount.: Tess. 4

Cerris L. 1975.

— Stigs red. Scales of the cup short, appressed, imbricate.

Type of G. Robur L. ..... 2

2. Ls irreg. sinuate-lobed , 2-lobed-cordate at the base,
very shortly petioled. Fr. scattered at the end of
a long peduncle. — Woods, 4, 5 pedunculata Ehrh. 1976.

— Ls more deeply and more r eg. lobed than in the last,

more keel shaped at the base, with longer petioles.
Fr. more or less crowded on a short peduncle . 3

3. Lower face of the ls, as also the branches of the present
year, glabr. or only slightly pubescent when young.
The var. subfastigiata Deb., according to Christ, in Tess.
— Woods, but gen. less common than the last. 4, 5,
rather later .... sessiliflora Salisb. 1977.

— Lower face of the ls, as also the branches of the year,

gray-tomentose, later pubescent. A low knotty tree or
shrub. — Dry hills; southern and eastern Switz., Graub.,
Schaffh. 4, 5 . . . . pubescens Willd. 1978.

100. Carpineae.

517. Corylus. Hazel. XXI, 14.

1. Ls orbicular or orbicular-obovate, heart-shaped at the
base, acuminate, double-toothed, sometimes with small
lobes towards the top. — b. glandulosa Shutthv. Fr. more

. globular, hardly compressed; fr.-invol. with numerous
glands at the base. — Woods and thickets; everywhere;
b. in the Jura, Chateau d’Oex, Chur. 2, 3 Avellana L. 1979.

518. Carpinus. Hornbeam. XXI, 11.

1. Ls oval-oblong, double-toothed, oblique when young,
folded transversely. — Woods; distrib. 5 Betulus L. 1980.

Betulaceae.

345

519. Ostrya. Ostrya. XXI, 11.

1. Ls oval, acuminate, feebly cordate at the base, double¬
toothed. — Tess., Graub., Misox (above Grono: Coaz). 4

carpinifolia Scop. 1981.

101. Betulacese.

520. Betula. Birch. XXI, 10.

1. Ls oval or oval-rhomboidal, acute or acuminate, long-

petioled. Trees or (especially on peat-moss) shrubs.
Type of B. alba ..... . . 2

— Ls orbicular or orbicular-oval, obtuse or subobtuse,

shortly petioled. Low shrubs ..... 3

2. Ls triangular or rhomboidal-triangular, long-acuminate,
double-toothed, glabr. when full grown. Fr. surrounded
by a wing twice as broad as itself. Branches gen. pend¬
ant. B. alba auct. — Woods, peat-moss; everywhere. 4

verrucosa Ehrh. 1982.

— Ls oval or oval-rhomboidal, sometimes slightly cordate,

acute or short-acuminate, unequally or doubly toothed,
when full-grown tufted with hairs underneath, at least
in the axils of the nerves. Fr. surrounded by a wing
as broad as itself. Twigs stretched forwards, often pu¬
bescent. B alba L. ex Fr., B. glutinosa Wallr., B. tor-
facea Sclileich. — ? b. Murithii Gaud. Ls shortly petioled,
broad, coarsely double-toothed ; scales of the fern, cat¬
kins large, covered with a dense pubescence. (Mauvoisin
in the Bagnethal, probably a good species.) — Peat-moss,
especially in the mountain regions, often with Pinus
montana; distrib. 4 . . pubescens Ehrh. 1983.

3. Ls 15 — 20 nun long, orbicular-oval, crenate-dentate. Fem.
catkins shortly stalked. A shrub of 10 — 16 din. B. nana-
pubescens. — Peat-moss in the Jura; rare 5

* intermedia Thom. 1984

— Ls smaller, suborbicular or even broader than long,
obtuse, deeply crenate, the crenelures rounded-obtuse.
Fem. catkins almost sessile. A small shrub of 4 — 6 dm.
— Peat-bogs in the Jura, Schwarzeneck, Einsiedeln. 5, 6

nana L. 1985.

521. Alnus. Alder. XXI, 9.

1. Fem. catkins of the present year appearing with the ls.
Fr. surrounded by abroad, transparent, membranous
wing. Ls oval, acute, double-toothed, green on both
sides. — b. minor Farl. (brembana Rota). Dwarf form with
much smaller ls, 10 — 15 mm. — Alp. and subalp., covering

24

346

Betulacese. Salicacese.

entire slopes, also lower on the Swiss plateau, but want¬
ing in the Jura; b. Tess. (Camoghe, Val Maggia). 5

viridis Dec. 1986.

— Fem. catkins wintering on the twigs of the preceding

year, appearing before the Is. Fr. not winged or sur¬
rounded by a narrow opaque winged edge . 2

2. Full-grown Is glabr. underneath, only bearded in the

axils of the nerves, glutinous when young, suborbicular
or orbicular-obovate, obtuse or emarginate at the top.
Lateral fr. -catkins with fairly long stalks. — Damp woods,
brooks; distrib. 2, 8 . . . glutinosa Gartn. 1987.

— Ls soft-pubescent underneath or at least covered with

rather scattered hairs, not especially bearded in the
axils of the ls ....... 3

3. Ls oval, acute or short-acuminate, double-toothed, grayish
underneath. Lateral fr. -catkins sessile or with very short
stalks. — b. sericea Christ. Ls more strongly nerved, silky-
tomentose and shining on both sides, especially under¬
neath ; fr. -catkins with longer stalks. (Val Maggia in
Tess., scattered along the edges of the lake of "Wallen-
stadt, and near Aarau). — As the last, rather earlier

incana Dec. 1988.

— Ls orbicular-obovate, obtuse or subacute, unequally
crenate-dentate, green on both sides. Lateral fr.-catkins
more or less long-stalked. A. glutinosa-incana. — Among
the parent pis, rather rare: Biinzenermoos. 2, 8

*pubescens Tausch. 1989.

102. Salicacese.

522. Salix. Willow. XXII, 8.*)

I. Female plants.

1. Catkins terminal, springing from a bud at the tip of

the twig. (Dwarf shrubs of the higher mountain regions,
very branchy, the trunk creeping) ... 2

— Catkins lateral on the old wood, sessile or shortly

stalked ......... 6*

2. Ls long-petioled, relatively large (20 — 40 mm), elliptic-
suborbicular, entire, rolled at the edges, glaucous and
net-veined underneath , when full-grown glabr., rarely
(v. sericea) with a slight silken villosity. Capsules to-
mentose. — High Alp., Saleve, Reculet. 7 reticulata L. 1990.

— Ls short-petioled, green on both sides, shining . 3

*) Revised according to a manuscript which Mr. Buser kindly placed
at our disposal.

Salicacese.

347

3. Scales of the catkins blackish. Capsules villous-woolly
or (v. leiocarpa) glabr. Style long, red. Ls obovate-ob-
long or obovate-lanceolate, denticulate-glandular*), net-
veined, glabr. or feebly hairy, rarely (var. lanata) villous-
woolly. — Central Alps (wanting in U.). 6

Myrsinites L. 1991.

— Scales of the catkins pale. Capsules gen. glabr. Style short.

Ls glabr. ........ 4

4. Ls net-veined, orbicular or broad-oval, dentate-crenate.
A shrub of 3 — 8cm. — High Alp.; distrib. 7

herbacea L. 1992.

— Ls with almost parallel veins, obovate or oblong-cunei¬

form, entire or denticulate towards the base. Type of

5. retiisci ......... 3

5. Catkins many-fld. Capsules cylindric-conic. Ls with a
truncate or slightly emarginate top. — Varied; larger
(v. Kitaibeliana Scop.) and with rough hairy capsules
(v. trichocarpa). — Alp., subalp. and Jura; distrib. 6, 7

relusa L. 1993.

— Catkins 3 — 7-fld, the stalks shorter. Capsules oblong-
conic, shorter and more obtuse than in the last. Ls
smaller and gen. narrower, the top not, or scarcely,
emarginate, sometimes slightly pointed — Especially the
central and calc. Alp., but growing with the last and
sometimes even lower; G. W. Vaud, Uri. 7

serpyllifolia Scop. 1994.

6 (1). Scales of the catkins concoloured, greenish or greenish
yellow. (Trees or tall shrubs; capsules glabr.) . 7

— Scales of the catkins 2-coloured, brownish or blackish

at the top ........ 11

7. Catkins preceding the ls , sessile, arched. See S. in-
ccina. 22.

— Catkins at the same time as the ls, supported by feeble

stalks ......... &

8. Scales of the catkins persistent. Ls lanceolate or

oblong-lanceolate, entirely glabr., not viscous, green on
both sides or rather paler underneath (a. concolor Koch).
or glaucous underneath (b. discolor Koch). Catkins very
slender. Stas 3! S. amygdalina Koch. — Water-side; dis¬
trib. 4 . triandra L. 1995.

— Scales of the catkins deciduous before the fr. is ripe .9

9. Ls oval-elliptic, short-acuminate (1 : 2 — 3),**) glabr.,
very shiny (as if varnished) above. Stas 4 — 8. — b. angusti-
foliaAnd. (Friesii Kern.) Ls narrower, 1 : 3 — 7. — Alpine

*) The variety Jacquiniana Willd., with entire ls is wanting in Switz.

**) That is to say: 2 — 3 times as long as they are broad.

348

Salicacese.

valleys (G. W. 0. U.); vallee de Joux in the Jura; also
cultivated. 5, 6 . . . . pentandra L. 1996.

— Ls lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate (1 : 4 — 7). Stas 2,

rarely more . . . . . . . .10

10. Catkins fairly thick, with villous scales. With 2 necti-
ferous glands. Ls always quite glabrous. Branches very
easily torn off from the stem. — Varied rarely with 3 to
5 stas (v. polyandra = S. Pokornyi Kern.). Water-side;
rare (often confused with S. Russeliana); Aarau ; Meilen,
Canton Zurich; Pfaffikon, Canton Schwyz; also culti¬
vated. 4 . fragilis L. 1997.

— Catkins slender, with pubescent scales at the base, gen.
almost glabr. towards the top, or entirely pubescent.
With 1 or 2 nectiferous glands. Ls silky underneath
when young, glabr. above. Branches brittle. S. alba-fra-
gilis! S. pendula Ser., S. viridis Excfl. — Fairly distrib.,
but probably distributed through cultivation. 4

* Russeliana Koch. 1998.

— Catkins slender, the scales pubescent at the base, gen.
glabr. towards the top. With only 1 nectiferous gland.
Ls white-silky on both sides, or at least below, rarely
(b. coevulea Sin. ) glabr. Branches flexible. — Varied: c. vi-
tellina L. (Golden Osier). Branches of a deep yellow.
— By streams and brooks; distrib.; c. cultivated. 4

alba L. 1999.

11 (6). Capsules sessile or shortly pedicelled, the pedicels
at most ll/2 times as long as the gland . . 12

— Capsules more or less long-pedicelled , the pedicels
2 —6 times as long as the gland .... If)

12. Capsules compressed, glabr , rarely (in S. daphnoides)

hairy. Ls elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, glabr. (rarely
hairy). Scales long-villous. Stas glabr., free . 13

— Capsules tomentose ...... H

13. Catkins appearing before the ls, entirely sessile, the
scales almost entirely blackish, with straight hairs.
Branches covered with a bluish powder which disappears
when rubbed. Ls shiny above, glaucous underneath. Pedi¬
cels of the capsules very short. Style long. — Varied with
hairy ls (v. pilosa), hairy capsules (v. trichocarpa), and
smaller, narrower ls (S. pulchra Wimm.). — Mount, and
subalp.; fairly distrib. 3, before the others

daphnoides Vill. 2000.*)

*) S. acutifolia Willd., a species from S. Russia, with less numerous
catkins, and Is narrower, linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate and green under¬
neath, is cultivated in the Rhine-valley of St. Gall, and by the lakes of Morat
and Neuchatel.

Salicace®.

349

— Catkins appearing with the Is, supported by leafy stalks

with rusty brown scales, covered with long, very white,
and at last crisp hairs. Branches not pruinose. La
rather shiny above or dull, green or rather bluish
underneath, net-veined. Pedicels of the capsules equal
to or almost twice as long as the gland. Style of a me*
dium length. — A larger variety: b. ve get a And. (S. vibur-
noides Schl., S. Hegetschweileri lleer p. p.); a smaller
var. : c. alpestris And. — Alp. and subalp., distrib.; Creux
du Van in the Jura. G . . . . hastata L. 2001.

14. Style very short. Ls lanceolate-oblong, broader towards
the top, at last glabr., rarely the full-grown ones silky
(v. sericea), finely denticulate towards the top. Stas
with their filaments united throughout their whole length
and appearing as a single sta. with a 4-celled anther,
more rarely only as far as the middle, very rarely en¬
tirely free. Anthers purple, yellow after shedding the
pollen, finally blackish. Catkins sessile, gen. appearing
before the ls. — Varied with broad or narrow ls, catkins
slender or compact, and (v. styligera) the style longer.
— Water-side, up to 2000m; distrib. 3 purpurea L. 2002.

• — Style short or of a medium length. Ls elliptic or ob-
ovate, entire, always entirely glabr., when full-grown
rather stiff, very glaucous and dull on both sides. Anthers
purple, violet after shedding pollen. Catkins small, on
leafy stalks. — Valleys of the high Alp., rare; Parpan,
Filisur, Albula, Ilhone-glacier, Gemmi, Enzeindaz. 7

caesia Vill. 2003.

— Style gen. of a medium length. Ls lanceolate or linear-

lanceolate, at first silky-pubescent, shining, when full-
grown glabr. and dull above, sinuate-denticulate. Stas
with their filaments more or less united (to 1/s or 3/4
their height); anthers sometimes yellowish, sometimes
reddish. S. purpurea-viminalis ! S. elaeagnoides Tausch.
(f. subviminalis), S. Forbyana Sm. (f. subpurpurea). —
Not rare, almost commoner than S. viminalis, because
it is gen. distributed by cuttings; Orbe, Payerne, Thun,
Bale; Aarau, Zurich, &c. 3 . . * rubra Huds. 2004.

— Style (and stigs) long. The filaments of the stas free 15

15. Catkins appearing before the ls, almost sessile. Branches
slender, tapering. Ls long, linear or linear-lanceolate
(1 : 8 — 10), entire or sinuate-wavy, when full-grown
silvery-silken underneath with long, applied hairs. Stigs
linear, undiv. Stas glabr. — By brooks and rivers, not
common and perhaps only cultivated; W. V. B. Z. 3

viminalis L. 2005.

Catkins gen. appearing with the ls, on leafy stalks.
Shrubs of the high mount., with short, thick, knotty

350

Salicacese.

branches. Ls broader in proportion than in the last.
(1 : 2-4) . 16

16. Ls, when full-grown, glabr. Stas glabr. Style red. Type

of S. Arbuscula ...... . 17

— Ls, also when full-grown, tomentose or villous-silken

on both sides or at least underneath. Capsules gray- or
white-tomentose. Stigs gen. 2-fid .... 18

17. Ls gen. elliptic-lanceolate (the greatest breadth at the
middle), closely glandular-denticulate, dark green, shiny
and with prominent nerves above, glaucous underneath,
rarely green on both sides. Catkins shortly stalked.
Anthers red, at last violet-brown. A moderate sized
shrub. S. prunifolia Ser., S. formosa Willd., S. thyme-
laeoides Schl., S. foetida Schl., S. Arbuscula-foetida Koch.
— Central Alp., fairly distrib., especially on silicious
earth; G. W., Gemmi, Sandalp. 7 Arbuscula L. 2006.

— Ls gen. obovate-lanceolate, crenate-dentate, the nerves

prominent on both sides. Catkins slenderer (3 — 4 times
as long as broad), at last much elongated, as also the
branches which bear them. A low shrub of 1 — IV2 m,
with short, divergent branches. S. Arbuscula Wald-
steiniana Koch p. p. — Limestone Alp. of north-eastern
Switz.; Appenzell, Glarus, Chureralp, Pilatus, Unter-
walden. 6 Waldsteiniana Willd. 2007.

— Comp, also S. Myrsinites. 2.

18. Ls denticulate-glandular, elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate,
when full-grown green, rather shiny and gen. glabr.
above, Avhite-tomentose underneath with mixed hairs,
rarely (v. velutina Ser.) villous-tomentose (more faintly
above) on both sides, or (v. spuria Schl. Gaud., S. Ar¬
buscula -Lapponum Wimm.) glabr. above and faintly
hairy underneath. Scales blackish towards the top or
entirely. Stas gen. glabr. Style long. Gland 1. S. nivea
Ser., S. arenaria Ser., S. Lapponum Koch p. p., S. glauca
Heer. — Alp.; G. W. O. Yaud, Uri, Glarus, Appenzell. 6

helvetica V i 1 1 . 2008.*)

— Ls entire, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, gen. villous-
silken on both sides with long, straight and applied hairs,
rarely (v. virescens) almost glabr. Scales yellowish,
reddish or brownish towards the top. Stas hairy below.
Style of a medium size. Glands 2. Catkins at last much
elongated. S. sericea Ser., S. albida Schl. — High Alp.,
on granite and schist; G. T. W. Araud, Grimsel. 7

glauca L 2009.

*) The true S. Lapponum L. has ls and capsules less hairy, catkins
thicker, almost sessile, style longer and stigs almost always undiy., it belongs
to the North of Europe.

Salicacese.

351

19 (11). Low shrubs growing on peat-mosses, with decumbent
or ascending subterranean stems. Capsules gen. tomen-
tose. Style short. Stas free ..... 20

— Taller trees or shrubs, with erect stems, or low alpine

shrubs ......... 21

20. Ls small, lanceolate or (v. fusca) elliptic, silvery-silken

underneath, the nerves slightly prominent above. Sti¬
pules lanceolate. Shrubs of 3 — 6 dm. — Rarely varied with
glabr. capsules (v. leiocarpa). — Peat-mosses; fairly dis-
trib. 4 . repens L. 2010.*)

— Ls larger, obovate-lanceolate, villous-silken underneath,
the nerves above sunken, consequently wrinkled. Sti¬
pules oval. Differing, in addition, from S. aurita in its
Is being gen. smaller, almost entire, slightly villous-
silken underneath. S. aurita-repens ! S. versifolia Ser.
As the last; fairly distrib. 4 . *ambigua Ehrh. 2011.

21. Style more or less elongated .... 22

— Style (and stigs) short ...... 24

22. Ls narrow, linear-lanceolate (1 : 8 — 10), rolled at the
edges, tomentose-powdery and dull underneath. Scales
rather pale. Stas with hairy filaments, united below
(rarely: v. monandra, to the top). Catkins almost sessile,
slender, arched. Capsules glabr. — Water-side; distrib. 3,4

incana Schrank. 2012.

— Ls broader (1 : 1 — 4). Scales brownish or blackish at

the top. Stas with free filaments .... 23

23. Ls glabr., rarely (v. puberula) feebly hairy on both

sides, elliptic, often obovate-oblong, smooth and dark
green above, glaucous underneath. Catkins almost sessile.
Capsules gray-tomentose, rarely (v. leiocarpa = S. majalis
Wahl.) glabr., the pedicel of a medium length, 2 — 3 times
as long as the gland. Shrubs up to 1 m in height, with
tapering branches, of a blackish brown, glabr., very
shining. S. bicolor Ehrh., S. Weigeliana Wimm., S. He-
getschweileri (Heer p. p. Koch, S. phylicifolia-hastata
Wimm., S. rlisetica Kern. — Subalp.; between Zumdorf
and Realp, Rhone-glacier, Ulrichen, Gruyere (not in the
Engadinel). 6 . phy licifolia L. 2013.

— Ls glabr. Catkins on leafy stalks. Capsules glabr. See
S. liastata. 13.

— Ls, at any rate below, (as also the branches) more or
less hairy, rarely (v. glabra) glabr., or (v. cinerascens)
thick haired, grayish, gen. elliptic or oblong-lanceolate,
dark green above, gen. glaucous underneath, but the point
almost always green, turning black in drying.

*) The variety argentea Sm. with broad oval ls, silken on both sides,
is doubtful for Switzerland. The var. rosmarinifolia Koch is an Eastern plant.

352

Salicacese.

Catkins on leafy stalks, more lax than in the last Cap¬
sules glabr. (v. leiocarpa = S. stylaris Ser.), or tomen-
tose (v. eriocarpa = S. nigricans Ser.), long-pedicelled, the
pedicels 3 — 4 times as long as the gland. A very variable
species. — Water-side, thickets, up to 2000 m; distrib. 4

nigricans Sm. 2014.

24 (21). Young twigs and buds pubescent-tomentose. Ls ob-
ovate-oblong, gen. broader towards the top, dead green,
dull and pubescent above, gray-tomentose underneath.
A medium sized shrub with thick branches. — Water¬
side, thickets; distrib. 3 . . . cinerea L. 2015.

— Young twigs and buds glabr. or faintly pubescent 25

25. Ls 2 — 4 cm long, pubescent and| dead green above, to-

mentose and wrinkled underneath, obovate or obovate-
oblong, cuneiform at the base. Gen. a low shrub, very
branchy, with slender, divaricating branches. Catkins
and ls smaller than in S. cinerea and Caprea; scales
rust-coloured at the top. — Peat-mosses, damp forests;
distrib. 3 . . . . . • aurita L. 2016.

— Ls about 5 — 15 cm long, when full-grown glabr. or al¬
most glabr. above ....... 26

26. Catkins almost sessile, preceding the ls. Ls broad-
oval or elliptic-orbicular, broadest at the middle, short-
acuminate, more or less white- or gray-tomentose under¬
neath. A tree or shrub attaining a height of 9 m. —
Water -side, thickets; up to the Alp.; distrib. 3

Caprea L. 2017.

— Catkins gen. appearing with the ls, on leafy stalks,

looser than in the last. Ls obovate-oblong or oblong-
lanceolate, with cuneiform base, broadest towards the
top, acuminate, when full-grown pubescent or almost
glabr. underneath ....... 27

27. Ls large, 6 — 15 cm long, gen. obovate-oblong or obovate-
lanceolate, bluish and pubescent, when full-grown almost
glabr. underneath, rather firm, the nerves forming a
denser net-work than in the last. Pedicels 4 — 5 times
as long as the gland. A form with ls grayish-tomentose
on both sides (v. cinerascens) should not be confused
with the following species. —Mount., subalp. and Alp.;
Jura up to Lagern, fairly distrib. 5 grandifolia Ser. 2018.

— Ls gen. smaller than in the last, covered when young,
as also the capsules, with a woolly, white tomentum,
when full-grown thin, easily turning black in dryings
Lateral nerves less numerous (9 — 14) than in the last,
more distant, consequently the net-work looser. Catkins
longer-stalked, very lax. The filaments of the stas more
hairy. S. pubescens Schl., S. grandifolia albicans Ser.,
S. grandifolia lanata Gaud., S. Laggeri (glauca-grandi-

Salicace®.

353

folia) Wimm. — Eastern Alp.; W. V. (Rhone-glacier, Alp.
of Bex, Martinets). 6 . . albicans Bonj. (1809) 2019.

II. Male plants.

1. The 2 filaments of the stas united to various heights
(often up to the top), rarely free. Anthers red, yellow
after shedding their pollen, and finally blackish. Full-
grown Is gen. glabr. : purpurea, ceesia.

— Stas 2—8, free, or at most united in their lower half,
but then the anthers are yellow and the Is hairy 2

2. Stas 4 — 8: pentandra.

— Stas 3 : triandra.

— Stas 2 ... 3

3. Catkins terminal. Dwarf alpine shrubs ... 4:

— Catkins lateral ....... (i

4. Ls long-petioled, glaucous and net-veined underneath;
reticulata.

— Ls short-petioled, of almost the same green on both

sides ......... 3

5. Anthers red. Scales blackish red : Myrsinites.

— Anthers yellow. Scales rather pale: retusa , serpylli folia,
herbacea.

6 (3). Scales concoloured, greenish yellow, or greenish. Ls
narrow (1 : 4—10) . 7

— Scales 2-coloured, brownish or blackish at the top S

7. Catkins sessile, preceding the ls. Filaments of the stas
hairy, united below: incana.

■ — Catkins on leafy stalks, appearing with or after the ls.
Filaments of the stas glabr.. free: alba, fragilis.

8. Ls very narrow, 1 : 8 — 10, gray- or whitish-tomentose

underneath. Catkins sessile, preceding the ls . .9

— Ls broader 1 : 1 — 5 10

9. Filaments of the stas free. Catkins straight: viminalis.

— Filaments of the stas united. Catkins arched: incana.

10. Full-grown ls glabr. on both sides. Filaments of the

stas glabr. ........ 11

— Ls more or less hairy, at any rate underneath . 14

11. Catkins entirely sessile, very large and very villous.
Branches covered with a bluish bloom: daphnoides.

— Catkins on leafy stalks Branches without the bloom 12

12- Scales long-villous, with very white, finally crisp, hairs:

hastata.

— Scales with straight hairs ..... 13

13. Ls green on both sides, net-veined, shining: Myrsinites.

— Ls more or less glaucous underneath : phylici folia, Arbus-
cula, Waldsteiniana.

14 (10). Ls small, gen. lanceolate, silvery-silken underneath.
A dwarf shrub growing on peat-moss : repens.

354

Salicacem.

— Ls broad-elliptic or obovate, gray- or white-tomentose
underneath. Catkins preceding the ls, sessile or short-
stalked: Caprea, cinerea, aurita.

— Ls elliptic or lanceolate, silken-villous or woolly-villous
underneath or on both sides. Low alpine shrubs: glauca ,
Helvetica.

— Ls neither silken nor tomentose. Catkins appearing
about the same time as the ls, on short, leafy stalks:
nigricans, grandifolia, albicans.

OBS. Hybrids : S. Arbuscula- grandifolia (S. decumbens Schl., Upper
Engadine, Bex); S. Arbuscula-helvetica (S spuria Heer, one of the commonest
hybrids) ; S. Arbuscula-helvetica-grandifolia (Upper Engadine) ; S. Arbuscula-
herbacea (Albula); S. Arbuscula- reticulata (S. reticulata sericea Schl., Albula,
Zermatt); S. aurita-Caprea (S. capreola Kern., Aarau, Einsiedeln); S. aurita-
cinerea (S. multinervis Doll., S. lutescens Kern., Katzensee) ; S. aurita- grandi¬
folia (S. limnogena Kern., Einsiedeln, Rothenthurm) ; S. aurita-incana iS. olei-
folia Ser., S. patula Ser. not Gaud., S. salvifolia Koch, Bern, Einsiedeln) ;
S. aurita-nigricans (Katzensee) ; S. auritu-purpurea (S. mutabilis Schl., S.
Pontederana dichroa And., Orbe, Noiraigue, Einsiedeln) ; S', ccesia-hastata (Silva-
piana) ; S', ccesia- nigricans (Upper Engadine) ; S. Caprea-daphnoides (S. Crem-
sensis Kern., Aarau, Einsiedeln); S. Caprea- grandifolia (S. sphacelata Schl.,
S. attenuata, dendroides and macrophylla Kern., not rare; grandifolia-pu-
bescens near Bex?); S. Caprea-incana (S. longifolia Schl. nec alior., 8. Kan-
deriana Ser., S. holosericea Ser., S. lanceolata Ser., S. Seringeana Gaud.,
S. hircina Kern., S. oleifolia auct. helv., not rare); S. Caprea-purpurea (S.
Pontederaua Schl. Gaud., S. Wimmeri Gr. G., S. Manternensis Kern., S. Traun-
steineri Kern., S. Rapini Ayasse, fairly distrib.) ; S. Caprea-viminalis (S. holo¬
sericea Gaud, not Willd., S. acuminata and Smithiana Koch p. p., Giebenach,
Bale (Canton), Yevey, Geneva ; also cultivated) ; S. cinerea-nigricans (S. vauden-
sis Forb., not Schl. nor Kern., S. puberula And., Katzensee, Mauensee) ; S.
cinerea-purpurea (S. Pontederana sordida And., Katzensee) ; S. cinerea-vimi-
nalis (S. Smithiana Koch p. p., Geneva) ; S. daphnoides-incana (S. fissa Reut.,
S. Reuteri Moritzi, S. Wimmeri Kern. Geneva, Wynau, Aarau, Chur &c.) ;
S. glauca-retusa (S. elseagnoides Schl., S. buxifolia Schl., S. Schleicheriana
Kern., Graub., Wall., sometimes almost as common as the parent pis) ; S. grandi-
folia-hastata (S. cerasifera pilosa Schl., Sils, Bex) ; S. grandifolia-helvetica
(S, aurita-Lapponum Thom.?, S. Lsestadiana opaca subaurita And., St. Moritz;
in Wall, perhaps pubescens-helvetica) ; S. grandifolia-incana (S. subalpina
Schl., S. intermedia Host., S. oenipontana Kern., Bex, Meilen, Zug, Einsiedeln,
Wallensee) ; S. grandifolia-purpurea (S. neriifolia Schl., S. Pontederana Neil-
reichii And., S. austriaca Kern., Zermatt, Zurich, Einsiedeln, Waggithal, Wallen¬
see &c.); S. grandifolia- rep ens (S. proteifolia Schl., S. Lappouum-repens
Wimm.? Lac de Joux) ; S. grandifolia-Waldsteiniana (S. fruticulosa Kern.,
Ivurfirsten) ; S. hastata-Jielvetica (S. pennina Schl. ; S. Huteri Kern., Graub.,
Wall.); S. hastata-herbacea (Upper Engadine, Furka) ; <S. hastata-Mgrsinites
(Gemmi) ; A. helv etica-lierbacea (S. ovata Ser. ! S. Arbuscula Waldsteiniana
Koch p. p., S. glauca-herbacea ? And., val Bevers, Grimsel, Aar-glacier) ; S.
helvetica-incana (S. gnaphaloides Schl., S. incana-lasiocarpa Gaud., Bex ?) ;
S. herbacea-serpyllifolia (Albula); S. herbacea -Waldsteiniana (Kurfirsten) ;
S. incana-repens (S. subalpina Forb. non alior., Switz. according to Forbes);
S. nigricans-repens (Katzensee); S.nigricans-retusa (S. Cotteti Lagg. And., Upper
Engadine, Bex, Gruyere.— S. Chenauxii Lagg. is a form of S. nigricans);
£. phylicifolia-retusa (S. alpigena Kern., S. hastata-retusa Kern., Gruyere) ;
S. purpurea-repens (S. Doniana Sm. Koch, Katzensee) ; S. reticulata-serpylli-
folia (S. retusa Thomasiana Rchb., S. Thomasii And , Bagnethal) ; S. reticulata-
Waldsteiniana (S. Gauderi Hut., Kurfirsten); S. retusa-Waldsteiniana (Kur¬
firsten).— See also S. Russeliana, rubra and ambigua. — The hybrids indicated
by Briigger are almost all false. — Under cultivation are: S. babylonica L.,
weeping willow; less commonly: S. laurina Sm (S. Caprea-phylicifolia) ;
S. Schraderiana Willd. (S. phylicifolia-repens) ; S.mollissima Ehrh. (S. triandra-
viminalis).

Salicacese. Hydrocharidese.

355

523. Populus. Poplar. XXII, 8.

1. Scales of the catkins ciliate. Stas gen. 8 2

— Scales of the catkins glabr. Stas 12 — 30 . . 4

2. Full-grown Is glabr. on both sides, almost orbicular,
often broader than long (rarely slightly acute), sinuate-
angular-dentate, those of the young shoots very different,
large, oval, acuminate, short-hairy. — Woods ; everywhere. 3

tremula L. 2020.

— Lb gray- or white-tomentose underneath . . 3

3. Ls very white-tomentose underneath, those of the young

shoots and terminal branches 3- or 5-lobed. Stig. 4-par-
tite (cross-wise).— Damp woods, shores; here and there,
probably introduced. 3 . . . . alba L. 2021.

— Ls gray-tomentose underneath, those of the young shoots

and terminal branches n o t 1 ob e d. Stig. 8-partite. Scales
of the catkins more deeply incised than in the last.
P. canescens Sm., P. alba-tremula? — As the last but
much rarer. 3 .... hybrida Bieb. 2022.

4 (1). Young branches corky-angular. Catkins, especially
the fem., very lax. Ls broad triangular-oval, gen. broader
at the base, than they are long, shortly ciliate at the
edges, larger than in P. nigra. P. monilifera Ait. — An
ornamental tree originally from N. America. 4

f canadensis Desf. 2023.*)

— Young branches subcylindric, faintly angled. Catkins

dense. Ls glabr. at the edges also ... 3

5. Branches spreading. Ls triangular-oval. — Water-side;
distrib. 3 . . nigra L. 2024.

— Branches connivent-erect (in such a manner that the

general outline appears like a long, narrow pyramid)
— Cultivated in avenues. 3 . . f italica Monch. 2025

103. Hydrocharidese.

524. Vallisneria. Vallisneria. XXII, IS.

1. Rad. ls linear, grass-like, finely denticulate at the top.
— Stagnant water; T. (Lugano, Agno). 8 spiralis L. 2026.

525. Hydrocharis. Frogbit. XXII, 17.

1. Ls orbicular-reniform, long peduncled. — Ditches, ponds,
rare. V. J. L. Z. 7 . . . . Wlorsus ran*. 2027.

526. Elodea. Elodea. Ill, 80.

1. Ls in whorls of 3 — 4, linear-lanceolate, finely denti-

*) A.n allied species P. angulata Ait., with angular-winged branches

is common in the lower Rhone-valley : Jaccard.

356

Alismace®. Butomace®. Juncagine®.

culate. — In lakes, rivers and brooks, introduced from
N. America; Geneva, Rolle, Morges, Aarau, Zurich. 5 — 8

canadensis Casp. 2028.

104. Alismaceae.

527. Alisma. Alisma. VI, 32.

1. Carpels arranged (as in Malva) in subtriangular whorls.
Stem 20 — 100 cm. FIs in a branched and pyramidal
panicle. Ls oval, often slightly cordate at the base,
more rarely (b. lanceolatum With.) narrowed-lanceolate
at the base. — Ditches, water-side; everywhere. 6

Plantago L. 2029.

— Carpels arranged (as in Ranunculus) in a globular head.
Stem 15 — 20 cm. FIs in a simple or double umbel. Ls
linear-lanceolate. — As the last, rare; Meyrin near Geneva,
lakes of Neuchatel and Morat; banks of the Aar near
Wangen, Canton Bern: Liischer. 6 ranunculoides L. 2030.

OBS. For a pretended hybrid see N. Beitr. Ill, 51.

528. Sagittaria. Arrowhead. XXI, 20, 33.

1. The first ls linear, the normal ls deeply sagittate. FIs
in whorls, forming a raceme.— Water-side, ditches, rare ;
V. B. J. Z. A. 6 . . . . sagittaefolia L. 2031.

105. Butomaceae.

529. Butomus. Butome. IX, 1.

1. Ls rad. linear. FIs rose-coloured, in an umbel. Stem
10 — 15 dm. — Water-side; Neudorf near Bale, (still abun¬
dant in 1878), but beyond the frontiers. 6

*umbellatus L. 2032.

106. Juncagineae.

530. Scheuchzeria. Scheuchzeria. VI, 40.

1. Stem leafy. Ls linear. FIs yellowish green, in a 4 — 10-fld
spike which is leafy at the base. — Peat-marshes, es¬
pecially of the mount, and subalp., rare (wanting in
T. W. ? S.). 5, 6 . . . . palustris L. 2033.

531. Triglochin. Triglochin. VI, 40.

1. Rad. ls narrow-linear. FIs small, yellowish green, in a
many-fld, leafless raceme.— Marshy fields; distrib. 6

palustre L. 2034.

Potamaceoe.

357

107. Potamaceae.

532. Potamogeton. Pond-weed. IV, 24.

1. Ls all opp, clasping, often bent back, oval or lanceo¬

late or linear-lanceolate. — Standing and running water;
distrib. 7 . densus L. 2035-

— Ls altern., only those near the forks almost opp. 2

2. Ls varying from oval to narrow-lanceolate, but, the upper

at any rate, never linear ..... 3

— Ls exactly linear (grass-like) or bristly, 1/2 — 5mm

broad . . . . . . . . .11

3. Ls all petioled, or the lower sessile with narrowed

base, tho upper often floating and then of a different
form, and always more or less long-petioled . 1

— Ls all of the same form, submerged, transparent-mem¬

branous and sessile with rounded or half-clasping
base. (Peduncles almost of equal thickness) . i)

4. Ls smooth at the edges, tho upper always floating,

leathery; all long-petioled. Peduncles equal in
thickness to, or hardly thicker than, tho stem. Type of
P. natans ........ 3

— Ls smooth at the edges, often reddish, the upper fre¬

quently floating, petioled, the petioles always shorter
than the ls; submerged ls always present. Peduncles
as in tho last section ...... 6*

— Ls moro or less rough at the edges, the upper some¬

times floating, more or less long-petioled; submerged
ls always present. Peduncles thickened towards the
top, distinctly thicker than tho stem Type of P. Proteus
Cham. Schl. ........ 7

5. Limb of the submerged Is destroyed by putrefaction
before the time of flowering, consequently their petioles
leafless; floating ls (often brownish) oval or oblong, the
base gen. slightly cordate and, when the limb is stretched
out in the same plane with the petiole, raised in a
fold on each side. Petioles slightly hollowed or flat
above. — Stagnant or slowly flowing water; distrib. 6

natans L. 2036

— Limb of the submerged ls gen. still remaining at

the time of flowering; floating ls oval or oblong- lanceo¬
late, the base rounded or narrowed and with no fold
when the limb is stretched in the same plane with the
petiole. Petioles slightly convex above. — Running water;
not common. 6 fluitans Roth. 2037.

6. Ls all petioled, of an equal consistency; submerged ls
oblong-lanceolate or elliptic; the upper often floating,
oval or almost orbicular, the base often rounded or

358

Potamacere.

almost cordate. Carpels small, obtusely keeled. Stem
branchy. P. plantagineus Ducros, P. Hornemanni Koch.
— Stagnant water, rare; W. Y. B. Z. Glarus. 6

coloratus Vahl. 2038.

— Submerged Is sessile (the base often narrowed like a

petiole), long-lanceolate (up to 10cm long); floating Is,
when present, leathery, oblong, obtuse, cuneiform nar¬
rowed to a petiole. Carpels large, with a sharp keel.
Stem gen simple. P. alpinus Balb., P. obtusus Ducr. —
Stagnant or slowly flowing water; not common (wanting
in T. S.). 6 rufescens Schrad. 2039.

7 (4). Ls obtuse or acute, rather small, very slightly rough,
the submerged ls sessile, linear-lanceolate; floating ls,
when present (v. heterophyllus), leathery, oval or ob¬
long, with long petioles. Stem very branchy, flexible. —
As the last; not common (wanting in G. T.). 6

grami'neus L. 2040.

— Ls distinctly mucronate, rough-denticulate at the edges,
all of the same consistency, membranous-transparent,
all shortly petioled, or the upper sometimes with a
longer petiole and almost floating. Stem branchy 8

8. Ls (shining as if varnished) large (10 — 15 cm long), all
of the same form and shortly petioled, oblong-lanceo¬
late (in b. longifolius Gay long-lanceolate, acuminate,
20 — 22 cm long and 18 — 28 mm broad), fairly often ter¬
minated by a long horn-like point (v. cornutus Presl.).
— As the last; distrib. ; b. Schwarzsee, Canton Freib. 6

lucens L. 2041.

— Ls smaller, 7 — 8 cm long and 10 — 12 mm broad, oblong-
lanceolate, the upper elliptic with a petiole half as long
as the limb, often almost floating. P. gramineus var.
Koch, P. lucens var. Nolte, Aschers. — Reuss near Ma-
scliwanden ! Yverdon and probably other places.*)

Zizii IYI. K. 2041. b

9 (3). Carpels terminated by a long recurved beak. Ls
wavy-crisp, finely denticulate, linear-oblong. — As the
last; distrib. 6 .... crispus L. 2042.

— Carpels terminating in a short point . . . 10

10. Ls (dirty green) round-oval, oval or lanceolate, cordate-

clasping at the base, rough-denticulate at the edges.
Spikes short. — As the last; distrib. 6 perfoliatus L. 2043.

— Ls (bright green) lanceolate, elongated, 90 — 180 mm long,
rounded at the base, half-clasping, concave at the tip,
smooth at the edges. Spikes gen. elongated. — As the
last; lac alpin of Brettaye, lac d’Etalieres. 7

prselongus Wulf. 2044.

*) Also indicated in the French Jura and in Canton Schaffh. Nervation

of the ls more resembling that of P. lucens than P. gramineus !

Potamacese.

359

— Ls oblong-elliptic, 45 — 15 mm long, rounded at the base,
not clasping, almost smooth at the edges. P. lucens-
perfoliatus? — As before; Geneva, Aarau. 6

*decipiens Nolte. 2045.

11 (2). Ls clasping the stem -with their bases like sheaths 12

— Ls without sheaths ...... IS

12. Carpels 3—4 mm: almost half-circular, keeled. Like 2052,
but ls with distinct lateral nerves.— As the last; distrib. 7

pectinatus L. 2040.

— Carpels smaller, obovate, almost globular, not keeled. —
Alpine lakes, rarely lower; Chur, Engadine, Fully,
Schwarzsee, Thun, Interlaken, lac des Rousses. 7

marinus All. 2047.

13. Stems and branches compressed-winged. Ls (3—5 mm

broad) finely multinerved, with 3 — 5 more prominent
nerves ......... 14

— Stem and branches cylindric, or compressed with rounded

angles. Ls (1(2 — 3 mm broad) with 1 — 5 nerves . 15

14. Spikes cylindric, composed of about 10—25 fls, long-

peduncled; peduncle 2 — 3 times as long as the spike.
P. zosterifolius Schumcli. — Stagnant or slow-flowing water,
rare ; lac des Rousses, lac d’Etalieres. 6 compressus L.2048.

— Spikes ovoid, composed of about 4 — 8 fls, shortly ped-
uncled; peduncle about as long as the spike. PI. denser.
As the last; 'Wall . ? french Jura. 6 acutifolius Link. 2049.

15. Peduncles as long or hardly longer than the spike;

spike dense, composed of about 6 — 8 fls. Ls obtuse or
short mucronate. — As the last; rare or overlooked; lac
d’Etalieres. 6 . . . . obtusifolius M. K. 2050.

— Peduncles much longer than the spike; spike lax or
rather so when mature ...... Id

16. Stem almost quadrangular-compressed. Stipules 2-fid.
Ls 2 — 3 mm broad. Peduncles slightly thickened towards
the top. P. Oederi W. Mey., P. Friesii Rupr. ? P. pu-
sillus major Koch. — As the last; on account of con¬
fusion with the following, the localities have still to be
verified; lake of Zurich (Rchb.). mucronatus Schrad. 2051.

— Stem almost cylindric. Stipules entire. Ls 1 2 — 2 mm

broad. Peduncles filiform. P. Berchtoldi Fieb. — As the
last; probably distrib. 6 . . pusillus L. 2052.

533. Zannichellia. Zannicheilia. XXI, 23.

1. Stem and ls filiform. — b. tenuis Betit. Ls finer, carpels
only half the size. (Between Genthod and Versoix.) —
Stagnant or slow-flowing water; distrib. but not com¬
mon. 6 . palustris auct. 2053.

360

Naiadacese. Lenmaceaj. Typhacese.

108. Naiadacese.

534. Naias. Naiad. XXI, 21. XXII, 18.

1. FIs dioecious. L. -sheaths with entire edges. Ls broad-
linear (broader than the stem). — b. intermedia Wolfg.
PI. smaller, ls narrower, sheaths with isolated teeth. —
Stagnant water, rare; T. J. U. Z.; b. Robenhausen,
Eschenz (Thurgau). 1 ... . major All. 2054.

— FIs monoecious. L. -sheaths ciliate-denticulate. Ls nar¬

row-linear (^2Wt). Caulinia fragilis Willd.— As the last;
Nyon, Roggwyl, Michelfclden, Wangen, Mammern (Lake
of Constance). 1 ... . minor All. 2055.

109. Lemnacese.

585. Lemna. Duckweed. XXI, 17. XXII, 15.

1. Fronds (‘ leaves”) orbicular-obovate, each with a tuft
of 6—7 roots, reddish underneath (5 — 7 mm). — Standing
water, not common (wanting in G. T. U. W.?). 5

polyrrhiza L. 2056.

— Fronds each with a single root . ... 2

2. Fronds (7 — 10mm) thin, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed
like a petiole to one end, submerged except while flower¬
ing. — As the last (wanting in G. T. U. W. ?). 4

trisulca L. 2057.

— Fronds (2 — 3 mm) slightly thickened, orbicular-obovate,

not narrowed to a petiole, always floating . . 3

3. Fronds fairly flat on both sides.— As the last; every¬
where. 4 . minor L. 2058.

— Fronds flat above, very convex underneath. — As the last,

but rare; W. V. Z. 4 . . . . gibba L. 2059-

110. Typhaceae.

536. Typha. Reedmace. XXI, 30.

1. Caul, ls reduced, almost scale-like (in an autumnal

form = T. Martini Jord. often as long or longer than
the inflorescence). Fr. without a longitudinal furrow.
Stem 4 — 10 dm. T. minima Hopp. — Water-side; not
common (wanting in S ). 5 . Laxmanni Lepech. 2060.

— Caul, ls longer than the stem. Fr. with a longitudinal

furrow . 2

2. The 2 spikes of the inflorescence rather distant from

one another. Stig. linear. Ls 4 — 8 mm broad. Fern, spike
brown-red. T. media Schl. (larger form). — Water-side,
ditches; W. B. J. L. Z. S. 6 . angustifolia L. 2061.

Typhacete. Aroideae.

361

— The 2 spikes of the inflorescence gen. touching. Stig.

spathulate-lanceolate ...... ,3

3. Stig. exceeding the hairs of the perianth. Ls 12 — 18 mm
broad. Fem. spikes (at the last) blackish brown. Stem
10—20 dm. — As the last; distrib. 6 latifolia L. 2062.

— Stig. shorter than or hardly as long as the hairs of the

perianth. Stem lower; ls narrower (5 — 10 mm broad):
fem. spike gray; male spike shorter. — As the last:
Rolle ? banks of the Aar near Thun, Bern, Lyss, Aarau ;
edges of the Singine near Neueneck ; of the Saane
near Freib.; Biinzenermoos near Muri ; Baar on the
Lorze. 6 . Shuttleworthii K. S. 2063.

537. Sparganium. Bur-reed. XXI, 30, 22.

1. Male heads 1 — 2. Stig. oblong-linear. Ls flat, floating
in the water, as also the stem. S. natans auct. — Marshes
of peat-mosses; ditches; distrib. but not common. 7

minimum Fr. 2064.

— Male heads 4 — 10. Stig. linear. Ls 3-cornered at the

base, gen., like the stem, erect . ... 2

2. Stem simple above. (Heads in a raceme, and above that
in a spike.) Ls with flat side-faces. — b. fluitans A. Br.
Stem and ls elongated, floating in the water. *) — Ditches,
ponds; distrib., but less common than the following. 6

simplex Huds. 2065.

— Stem branchy above. Ls with concave side-faces. — As

the last; distrib. 6 . . . . ramosum Huds. 2066.

111. Aroideae.

538. Arum. Arum. XXI, 27.

1. Spadix blackish violet. Ls uniformly green or spotted
with black. — Hedges, thickets; distrib. 5 maculatum L. 2067-

— Spadix yellow. Ls with whitish nerves. — T. (Gandria). 4

italicum Mill. 2068.

539. Calla. Calla. XXI, 27. VI, 30.

1. Ls cordate. Spathe white inside. — Marshy wooded places ;
Lucern (Chiisirainwald near Sempach, and between Meggen
and Adligenscliwyl). 6 . . palustris L. 2069.

*) We do not know if the pi. of Vuadens, Canton Freib., belongs to this
or to the closely allied species: Sp. affine Schnitzl. ; the latter differs in
very long, limp and almost flat Is, it is found in the Black Forest and in the
Vosges.— Sp. natans Fr., a northern species, differs from it.

25

362

Orchidaceae.

540. Acorus. Sweet-flag. YI, 30.

1. L8en8iform. Spadices apparently lateral.— Marshy places;
water-side; scattered (wanting in 0.? S.). 6

Calamus L. 2070.

112. Orchidaceae.

541. Orchis. Orchis. XX, 6.

1. Lip undivided ....... 2

— Lip 3-toothed, 3-fid or 3-partite .... 3

2. Tubers palmate. FIs blackish red. Comp, the genus
Nigritella.

— Tubers undiv. FIs white. Comp, the genus Platanthera.

3. Lip 3 — 4 times as long as the other divisions of the
perianth; the middle lobe 45— 60mm long! Comp, the
genus Himanihoglossum.

— Lip shorter, or at all events not 3 — 4 times as long as

the divisions of the perianth 4

4. The 5 divisions of the perianth all converging in the

form of an helmet (converging feebly in 2076) . 3

— The 2 lateral, of the outer divisions of the perianth

spreading or reflexed ...... 13

5. Tubers div., palmate. FIs greenish or whitish. Comp,
the genus Coeloglossum.

— Tubers undiv. FIs of a different colour . . 6

6. Lip 3-partite, the middle lobe 2-fid or 2-lobed, gen. with

a small tooth in the incision. Stem with reduced, sheath¬
like Is above ........ 7

— Lip 3-fid or 3-lobed, the middle lobe undiv., or at most

emarginate. Stem almost entirely leafy . . 11

7. Bracts, at most, V4 the length of the ovary. Type of

0. militaris ........ 8

— Bracts, at least, half as long as the ovary . . 10

8. Helmet shortly ovoid, blackish red outside (darker
than the lip). Bracts Vs — '/7 the length of the ovary.
Middle lobe of the lip with a base 4—5 times as broad
as the lateral lobes. O. fuscaJacq. — Thickety hills, wood-
sides; not common (wanting in O. T. W. U.). 5

purpurea Huds. 2071.

— Helmet ovoid-lanceolate, rosy gray (lighter than the lip).

Bracts V4 — !/5 the length of the ovary. Middle lobe of
the lip almost as narrow as the lateral lobes . f)

9. Lobules of the middle lobe as narrow as the lateral
lobes of the lip, elongated and bent upwards. FIs of
the spike opening from the top downwards, while in

OrchidaceiB.

363

the following the order is reversed. 0. Simia auct. —
As the last; basin of the lake of Geneva. 5

tephrosanthos Vill. 2072.

— Lobules of the middle lobe 2 — 3 times as broad as the

lateral lobes of the lip, short, divergent. — As the last;
distrib. 5 . militaris L. 2073.

10(7). FIs small (8 — 10mm long); lip white, spotted with
red. Helmet blackish red (spike as if burnt by fire).
Spur V4— ]/3 the length of the ovary. -Pasturages, plains
in the neighbourhood of woods; distrib. 5

ustulata L. 2074.

— FIs larger; lip pale lilac, spotted with red Spur at least
half as long as the ovary. O. variegata All.— Tess. 5

tridentata Scop. 2075.

11 (6). Spike dense, hemispheric or short pyramidal. Di¬
visions of the perianth terminating in a broad sub¬
spa t h u 1 a t e point. Ls glaucous. — Alp., subalp. and
Jura. 6 . globosa L. 2076.

— Spike lax or fairly lax. Divisions of the perianth obtuse,

acute or acuminate ...... 12

12. Divisions of the perianth obtuse; helmet very obtuse,
streaked with green ; lip with 3 short lobes. Spike lax
and few- (up to about 10) fid. — Meadows ; everywhere. 5

Morio L. 2077.

— Divisions of the perianth short acuminate : helmet pointed,

of a dirty reddish brown ; lip 3-fid. Spike cylindric,
fairly dense and many-fid. — Meadows; not common (want¬
ing in U. Z.). 5 coriophora L. 2078.

13 (4). Spur filiform, slender (never 1 mm in thickness) 14:

— Spur cylindric, thicker ...... 13

14. Tubers undiv. Pedicels of the 2 pollen-masses united
at the base. Comp, the genus Anacamptis.

— Tubers palmatifid. Pollen-masses separate. Comp, the
genus Gymnadenia.

15. Tubers undivided ....... 16

— Tubers palmatifid (in 2083 only shortly 2 — 3-fid at the
end) ......... 1U

16. Bracts 1- (or 3-) nerved. Spur as long as the ovary. Stem
leafless above. Ls oblong-lanceolate or oblong-obovate 17

— Bracts 3 — 5-nerved (or the lower inany-nerved). Spur
shorter than the ovary. Stem more reg. leaved. Ls ob¬
long-linear, channeled. (Spike lax.) Type of O . laxiflora 18

17. Spike short, fairly dense. FIs pale-yellow, with a

scent of elder. Lip slightly 3-lobed. — Woods of the mount ;
not common (wanting in J.). 4, 5 . pallens L. 2070.

— Spike elongated, lax. FIs purplish, gen. scentless. Lip
deeply 3-lobed. — Pasturages, wood-sides; distrib. 5

mascula L. 2080.

364

Orchidacese.

18. Middle lobe of the lip as long or longer than the lateral
lobes. — Damp meadows, rather rare; W. Y. Z. 5

palustris Jacq. 2081.

— Middle lobe of the lip shorter than the lateral lobes or

even 0. Ls rather broader; spur rather longer than in the
last. — As the last; Y. (a southern species!). 5, rather
earlier than the last . . . laxiflora Lam. 2082.

19 (15). Tubers slightly 2 — 8-fid at the end (sometimes, in¬
deed, undiv.). FIs yellow, more rarely purple. Spur as
long as, or longer than, the ovary. — Alp., subalp and Jura,
not common (wanting in U. A.). 4, 5 sambucina L. 2083.

— Tubers palmate, 3 — 7-fid. FIs of a more or less dark

purple, or lilac or white. Spur gen. shorter than the
ovary ......... 20

20. Stem not hollow, with 6 — 10 ls; the highest 1. much
smaller, gen. at some distance from the spike. Middle
bracts as long as, or shorter than, the fls. — b. elodes Gris.
Lower ls lanceolate, acute; spur slender (Chur: Briigg.).
— Woods, marshy meadows; distrib. 6 maculata L. 2084.

— Stem hollow, with 3—6 ls; the upper 1. gen. reaching

the spike ........ 21

21. Ls spreading obliquely on the stem, gen. spotted with

brown, the lower oval-oblong, broadest at the middle.
Lower and middle bracts longer than the fls. — Damp
meadows : distrib. 5 . . latifolia L. 2085.

Ls erect or erect-spreading, gen. not spotted, long-
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, narrowed almost from
the base ....... . . 22

22 Ls erect, long-lauceolate , concave at the top. Lower
and middle bracts longer than the fls. Stem stiffer and
often taller than in the last; ls lighter green. — Damp
meadows, peat-swamps; distrib., but gen. speaking rather
rarer and later than the last . . incarnata L. 2086.

— Ls erect-spreading, the upper linear, slightly channelled,

flat at the top. Lower bracts as long as, middle bracts
shorter than the fls. Stem slenderer than in the last.
O. masculata-latifolia Steig. ? — As the last, rare; Lenzer-
heide (Graub.), Ste-Croix, Trelex, Einsiedeln, Uetliberg,
Rheineck. 5 Traunsteineri Saut. 2087.

OBS. Hybrids: O. incarnafa-palustris ; O. laxiflora-Morio (0. alata
FJeury); O. laxiflora-palustris, Geneva; Schniidely; 0. mascula-pallens (Lo-
reziana Briigg.) ; O. militaris- Aceras (O. spuria Rchb f.) ; O. militaris-purpurea
(O. hybrida Bonnigh.) ; 0. militaris-tephrosanthos (0. Beyrichii Kern.) ; O. ylo-
bosa-Gymnadenia conopea (O. valesiaca Spiess) ; O. purpurea-tephrosanthos
(according to Reut.); Gymnadenia odor.— Orchis-maculata (according to Regel,
an example at the foot of Uto near Zurich); O. tridental a-ustulata (Dietrichiana
Bogenh.). — O. Morio-palusfris and O. masrula- Aceras are also indicated.

Orchidacese.

365

542. Anacamptis. Anacamptis. XX, 6.

1. Tubers undiv. Spike short conical. Lip 8-fid to the
middle, the lobes almost equal, with 2 tooth -shaped
supports at the base. Spur slender, long. — Pasturages,
especially of the mount, and subalp. (wanting in U.). 6

pyramidalis Rich. 2088.

543. Himantoglossum. Himantoglossum. XX, 6.

1. Tubers undiv. Lip 3-partite, the middle lobe very long
(45— QOimnl) riband-shaped, div. at the end; the lateral
lobes much shorter. Spur very short. — Sunny hills, not
common; V. J. Z. S. (Western and northern Switz.). 6

hircinum Sprgl. 2080.

544. Gymnadenia. Gymnadenia. XX, 6.

1. Spur IV2 — 2 times as long as the ovary. — b. densiflora
A. Diet r. (anisoloba Peterm.). PI. more robust; Is broader;
fls larger, in a denser spike; later. — c. intermedia Peterm.
(conopea-odoratissima ?). PI. less robust; spur scarcely
as long as the ovary. — Wood-clearings; distrib. ; b. Les
Devens (Bex); c. Neuch&tel? 6 . conopea R. Br. 2090.

— Spur shorter than, or hardly as long as, the ovary. PI.

slighter: Is narrower. — As the last, but chiefly in the
mount, and subalp. 6 . odoratissinia Rich. 2091 .

DBS. Hybrid : G. odoratissimu- (Coeloglossum) albida (G. Strampfii

Asehers.). Comp, also Nigritella.

545. Coeloglossum. Coeloglossum. XX, 6.

1. Lip deeply 3-fid, the middle lobe rather broader. Spur
up to Vs the length of the ovary. Fls small, 2 — 3 mm
long, whitish, in a cylindrical spike. Gymnadenia albida
Rich.— Alp., subalp. and Jura. 6 . albidum Hartm. 2092.

— Lip broad-linear, 3-toothed at the end, the middle tooth

very short. Spur very short, saccate. Fls larger, yellowish
green, often tinted with brown, in an oblong spike. Pla-
tanthera viridis Lindl. — Alp., subalp. and Jura, also
found lower. 6 viride Hartm. 2093.

546. Platanthera. Platanthera. XX, 6.

1. Anther-cells close together, parallel. Spur gen. slender.
Fls white, perfumed. — Woods ; distrib. 5 bifolia Rchb. 2094.

— Anther-cells close together above, spreading apart below.
Spur gen. slightly swollen in the shape of a club. Fls
greenish, rather larger, almost scentless. P. chlorantha
Oust. — As the last but rather later niontana Rchb. f. 2095.

547. Nigritella. Nigritella. XX, 6.

1. Tubers palmate. Fls blackish red (rarely paler, very
rarely yellow e. g. on the Gotthard-Strasse above Go-

366

Orchidacese.

schenen), with a scent of vanilla. Spur hardly 1/q as /-
long as the ovary. 0. nigra Sw. — Alp., subalp. and
Jura. 6, 7 . . . . angustifolia Rich. 2096.

OBS. Forms hybrids with Gymnadenia conopea (N. fragrans Saut., N.

Moritziana Grml.), and with G. odoratissima (N. suaveolens Koch, N. Heuf-

leri Kern.).

548. Ophrys. Ophrys. XX, 10.

1. Lip almost flat, 3-fid; the middle lobe longer, deeply

2-lobed. The 2 inner divisions of the perianth linear-
filiform, only about 2/3 as long as the outer. 0. myodes
Jacq. — Sunny pasturages, hills; distrib. 5, earlier than
the following species. . . . muscifera Huds. 2097.

— Lip convex. The 2 inner divisions of the perianth ob¬

long or triangular, much shorter than the outer or, in¬
deed, hardly visible ...... 2

2. Outer divisions of the perianth greenish, the inner ob¬
long, glabr. Lip undiv., or faintly incised at the top,
without an appendage. — As the last (wanting in U. L.). 5

aranifera Huds. 2098.

- — Outer divisions of the perianth rose-coloured, the inner
triangular, short-pubescent. Lip with an appendage at
the top ......... 3

3. Lip orbicular-obovate, undiv.; appendage curved up¬
wards. Column with a short straight beak. 0. arachnites
Host. — As the last (wanting in G.). 5 fuciflora Rchb. 2099.

— Lip oblong-obovate, 3 — 5-lobed ; appendage curved down¬
wards Column with a longer, flexible beak. 0. chlorantha
Heg. (with greenish fls).— b. Trollii Ileg. (0. fuciflora-
muscifera Reg.) Lip elongated, acute, not recurved; la¬
teral lobes more or less reduced. (Winterthur, Bex.) —

As the last, but gen. rarer and rather later (wanting in

G. T.) . apifera Huds. 2100.

OBS. Hybrids: O. aranifera-muscifera (0. apiculata J. C. Schmidt);

O. fuciflora-muscifera? (O. devenensis Rchb. f.)

549. Cliamaeorchis. Chamaeorchis. XX, 11.

1. Tubers undiv. Ls several, narrow linear, as long as, or
longer than, the stem. Fls yellowish green. — Alp. 7

alpina Rich. 2101.

550. Aceras. Aceras. XX, 11.

1. Tubers undiv. Fls yellowish green. Lip hanging, 4-par-
tite, with linear lobes. — Pasturages, sunny hills (wanting
in G. T. 0. U. A.). 4 — 5 . .anthropophora R. Br. 2102.

551. Herminium. Musk-orchis. XX, 11.

1. Tuber 1, with a second at the end of a stolon. Fls
small, yellowish green, in a slender spike. — Pasturages
especially of the mount, and subalp. 5 Monorchis R. Br.2103.

Orcbidaceae.

367

552. Serapias. Serapias. XX, 8.

1. Tubers undiv. Bracts very large, coloured. FIs large. —
Tessin. 5 . longipetala Pollin. 2104.

553. Epipogon. Epipogon. XX, 4.

1. Rhizome in the form of coral (the ramifications thickened
into tubercular joints). FIs 3-5, large, yellowish white.
The whole pi. with a yellowish hue. — Damp woods, on
rotten wood, not common (wanting in T. L. S.). 7

aphyllum Sw. 2105.

554. Limodorum. Limodorum. XX, 4.

1. Rhizome thick, noded. FIs large. The whole pi. with a
violet hue. — Woods, thickets; rare (wanting in U. L.
S. A.). 5 . abortivum Sw. 2106.

555. Cephalanthera. Helleborine. XX, 16.

1. FIs rose-coloured. Ovary hairy. — Woods and clearings;

distrib. 6 . rubra Rich. 2107.

— FIs white or yellowish wdiite. Ovary glabr. . . 2

2. Bracts, except the lowest, very short, much shorter than
the ovary. Ls linear-lanceolate, almost distichous. C.
ensifolia Rich. — As the last 5 Xiphophy Hum Rchb. f. 2108.

— Bracts longer than the ovary, or only the lower longer
and the others as long or not quite as long. Ls oval
or oval-lanceolate. C. pallens Rich.— As the last. 5

grandiflora Babgt. 2109.

556. Epipactis. Epipactis. XX, 16.

1. The terminal lobe of the lip orbicular-obtuse. Rt-stock
stoloniferous. — Damp meadows; distrib. 7

palustris Crantz. 2110.

— Terminal lobe of the lip acuminate. Type of E. Helle¬
borine Rchb. f. 2.

2. Ls shorter than the internodes, small, glabr., on the

nerves also. PI. slender. — Woods of the mount., rare;

G. Y. J. Z. 6 . microphylla Sw. 2111.

— Ls longer than the internodes, rough-pubescent on the

nerves ......... 3

3. Protuberances at the base of the lip smooth. FIs greenish
or (in sunny spots) tinted with red. — Woods; distrib. 6,7

latifolia All. 2112.

— Protuberances at the base of the lip wrinkled-crenate.
FIs of a dark red-brown, smaller than in the last, with
a scent of vanilla. PI. slenderer. E. rubiginosa Crantz.
— Woods, thickety hills especially on calc. soil. 6, rather

earlier . atrorubens Schult. 2113.

368

Orchidacese.

557. Listera. Twayblade. XX, 13.

1. Ls oval. Lip linear, deeply 2-fid. Stem 30 — 45 cm. —
Damp meadows and wood-sides ; distrib. 5

ovata R. Br. 2114.

— Ls almost triangular, heart-shaped at the base. Lip with
2 small lateral teeth at the base, 2-fid to the middle.
Stem 5— 12cm. — Mossy woods, especially of the mount,
and Alp., not common (wanting in T. Z. S.). 5

cordata R. Br. 2115.

558. Neottia. Neottia. XX, 5.

1. Rt. consisting of thick fibres closely knotted together
(appearing sometimes like a bird’s nest). The whole pi.
of a very light brown.— Shady woods; on decayed ls ;
distrib. 5 . nidus avis Rch. 2116.

559. Goodyera. Goodyera. XX, 15.

1. Rhizome branchy, stoloniferous. Ls oval or elliptic,
net-veined, the lower petioled. FIs white. — ’Mossy
pine forests ; distrib. but not common. 7 repens R. Br. 21 17.

560. Spiranthes. Spiranth. XX, 9.

1. Stem with 2 — 3 narrow-lanceolate ls below. Tubers 3 — 5,
cylindric-fusiform. - Swampymeadows; notcommon (want¬
ing in G.). 7 . aestivalis Rich. 2118.

— Stem with distant, bract-like ls; normal ls in a lateral

rosette, oblong-elliptic. Tubers 2 — 3, oblong-cylindric
(turnip-shaped). — Damp meadows and pasturages; dis¬
trib. 8 . . autumnalis Rich. 2119.

561. Corallorrhiza. Coral-root. XX, 5.

1. Rt-stock branching like coral. The whole pi. of a greenish
white. Lip spotted with red. — Mossy pine-forests, es¬
pecially of the mount, and subalp.; not common. Z. (want¬
ing in T. S.). 5 innata R. Br. 2120.

562. Sturniia. Sturmia. XX, 12.

1. Stem bearing 2 ls at the base. Lip obovate. Peat-mosses;
not common (wanting in G. T.). 6 Lceselii Rchb. 2121.

563. Malaxis. Malaxis. XX, 12.

1. Stem with 3 — 4 ls below. Inner divisions of the peri¬
anth oval-oblong. — Swampy meadows; Studenmoos near
Einsiedeln (still to be found there?) 7 paludosa Sw. 2122.

— Stem with 1 leaf (rarely 2). Inner divisions of the peri¬

anth linear. Microstylis monophylla Lindl. — Grassy,
shaded, damp places of the mount, and subalp., not
common; G. 0. U. A. 7 . . monophylla Sw. 2123.

Orchidacese. Iridere

369

564. Cypripedium. Ladys-slipper. XX, 14.

1. Stem bearing 1 — 2 fls; fls very large; lip yellow, streaked
with red-brown. Divisions of the perianth purply brown.
— Woods, thickety hills; distrib. but not common. 6

Calceolus L. 2124.

113. Irideae.

565. Crocus. Crocus. Ill, 8.

1. Stig. much shorter than the limb of the perianth. —
Pasturages of the Alp., subalp. and Jura, to the foot
of the mountains. 3, 4, later in the Alp. after the snow¬
melting . vernus Wulf. 2125. *)

— Stig. about as long as the limb of the perianth. — Cul¬

tivated in Wall, (formerly at any rate) and rarely sub-
spontaneous. 9 f sativus L, 2126.

566. Gladiolus. Gladiolus. Ill, 7.

1. Anthers longer than their filaments. Seed not winged.

— Fields; Lugano, Geneva. 6 . segetum Gawl. 2127.

— Anthers shorter than their filaments. Seed winged 2

2. Bulb enveloped in a tissue of fibres knotted towards
the topi in a net-work of oval meshes. Spike composed
of 2 — 5 fls. Capsule with 6 furrows, rounded at the top.
Damp meadows, rare; G. W. Y. Z. S. A. 5

palustris Caud. 2128.

— Bulb surrounded by a tissue forming a few narrow,
linear meshes at the top. Spike composed of 5 — 10 fls.
Capsule with 3 deep furrows, depressed at the top; the
angles raised above in an obtuse keel. Stem taller, Is
narrower than in the last. — As the last; Vaud, in several
places, probably subspontaneous. 5 communis L. 2129.

— As the last, but the spike composed of 7 — 8 crowded
fls., rather bluish after drying. Angles of the capsule
always rounded (Koch). — Tess. (Melano, Giorgio)

imbricatus L. 2229.1)

567. Iris. Iris. Ill, 8.

1. Outer segments of the perianth bearded inside . 2

— Outer segments of the perianth not bearded . 7

2. Stem bearing 1 — 2 fls ...... 3

— Stem bearing several fls ..... af

3. Tube of the perianth enclosed in the spathe. Stem longer
than the Is, about 30 cm long. FI. whitish yellow. I. lut-

*) With us there is only the variety albiflorus Kit.; the typical form,

with the stig. exceeding the tips of the anthers, is found in upper Italy.

370

Iridese. Amaryllidese.

escens Gaud. Koch not Lam. — Rocks near Sion (Tour-
billon). 4 . virescens Red. 2130.

— Tube of the perianth much exceeding the spathe. Stem

shorter than the Is, only 5— 10 cm long. FIs blue,

violet, pale yellow or white. — Southern Tyrol; with us
sometimes planted on walls, or in borders, also sub-
spontaneous. 4 f pumila L. 2131.

4. Perianth uniformly yellow, or the outer segments veined
with violet. Ls almost as long as the stem. — Altdorf,
Hohentwiel; cultivated in gardens. 5 t variegata L. 2132.

— Segments of the perianth, at least the outer ones, violet.

Stem distinctly longer than the ls ... 5

5. Floral spathes already scarious from the base by the

time of flowering. — Southern Tyrol; indicated at St. Mau¬
rice in Wall. 5 * pallida Lam. 2133.

— Floral spathes herbaceous from the base to the middle,

scarious above ....... 6*

6. Filaments of the stas as long as their anthers. Lobes

of the upper lip of the stigs diverging. — Rocks and
walls in warm parts; also in gardens and subspon-
taneous. 5 .... germanica L. 2134.

— Filaments of the stas IV2 times as long as their anthers.

Lobes of the upper lip of the stigs touching each other
by their inner edges. — Altdorf, subspontaneous on walls,
Magdeberg in the Holigau of the Grand Duchy of Baden.
5, later than the last. . . t sambucina L. 2135.*)

7 (1). FIs yellow. Inner segments of the perianth smaller
than the stigs. —Marsh ditches; distrib. 6

Pseudacorus L. 2136.

— FIs violet. Inner segments of the perianth larger than

the stigs ......... 8

8. Stem longer than the ls, cylindric, bearing 2-5 fls,
45 — 90 cm high. — Damp meadows, rather rare (wanting
in T. J. S.). 6 .... sibirica L. 2137.

— Stem much shorter than the ls, compressed-2-edged,

bearing 1 — 2 fls, 15— 25 cm high.— Tess. (S. Giorgio,
Generoso). 5 . graminea L. 2138.

114. Amaryllidese.

568. Leucojum. Snowflake. YI, 10.

1. Stem 1-fld (rarely 2-fld), 10 — 15 cm. — Damp woods and
plains; distrib. 2, 3 . . . vernum L. 2139.

— Stem 3 — 6-fld, 30 — 40 cm. — Damp meadows; J. Yverdon

(formerly), Nidau. 4, 5 . . . sestivum L. 2140.

*) I. squalens L. indicated near Tarasp. See N. Beitr. III. 24.

Amaryllide®. Asparagace®.

371

569. Galanthus. Snowdrop. VI, 10.

1. Stem 1-fld. — Meadows, orchards; not common (wanting
in G. U.). 2, 3 . nivalis L. 2141.

570. Narcissus. Narcissus. VI, 9.

1. Crown catnpanulate, as long as the divisions of the
perianth, both yellow. — Meadows, especially of the mount,
and subalp.; in batches and fairly distrib. 3, 4

Pseudonarcissus L. 2142.

— Crown campanulate, half as long as the divisions of the
perianth, crown yellow, perianth pale yellow. N. pseudo-
narcissus-poeticus (or -radiiflorus). — As the last; Wall.;
(val d’llliez), Lucern.'*) 3. incomparabilis Curt. 2142. b

— Crown cup-slmped, much shorter than the divisions of

the perianth, the latter white . ... 2

2. Stem bearing 1 (2 — 3) fls. Crown entirely yellow. Di¬

visions of the perianth broad, dirty white. — Meadows;
Sion, Bex, Geneva. 4 biflorus Curt. 2143.

— Stem bearing 1 fl. (rarely 2). Crown yellow, with a

scarlet edge ........ 3

3. Divisions of the perianth oval, imbricate at the margins.

Ovary compressed laterally, 2-edged at the time of
flowering. — Ornamental pi., sometimes subspontaneous
in orchards. 4 f poeticus L. 2144.

— Divisions of the perianth oblong, separated or hardly

touching. Ovary cylindric. Stem slenderer; Is narrower
than in the last. — Plains of the Alp., subalp. and Jura
(wanting in T. A.). 5 . . radiiflorus Salisb. 2145.

1 4. Asparagaceae.

571. Asparagus. Asparagus. VI, 18. XXII, 28.

1. Peduncles jointed close to the fls. Berries the size of a
cherry. Stem 3 — 5 dm. — Tess. (Mt. Generoso, St. Giorgio,
Bre). 5 . tenuifolius L. 2146.

— Peduncles jointed at the middle or rather higher. Berries

the size of a pea. Stem 5 — 10 dm. — Sandy, stony places,
near water; here and there (wanting in U. L. S. A.);
otherwise cultivated. 5, 6 . . officinalis L. 2147.

572. Streptopus. Streptopus. VI, 21.

1. Ls oval, clasping. Peduncles solitary in the axils of the
Is but bent round the stem and under the ls, with a

*) The Lucern pi., probably only subspontaneous, is perhaps N. poeticus-

Pseudonarcissus, which is sometimes cultivated in gardens.

372

Asparagace®. Dioscoreace®.

knee in the middle. — Woods of the mount.; here and
there (wanting in Z. S.j. 5 . amplexifolius Dec, 2148.

573. Paris. Paris. VIII, 19.

1. Stem simple, 1-fld, bearing 4 (3 — 6) whorled, broad-oval
Is above.— Woods, thickets; distrib. 5 quadrifoiia L. 2149.

574. Convallaria. Lily-of-the-valley. VI, 14.

1. Stem leafless. 2 elliptic rad. Is. FIs in an unilateral
raceme.— Woods; everywhere. 5 . . majalis L. 2150.

575. Polygonatum. Solomon’s-seal. VI, 14.

1. Ls in whorls of 3 — 7, linear-lanceolate. Stem erect. —
Woods of the mount., distrib. but not common. 5

verticillatum All. 2151.

— Ls altern., erect in two rows, oval-oblong or elliptic.

Stem arched above, the ls directed upwards and the fls
down .... 2

2. Peduncles bearing 3—5 fls. Filaments of the stas hairy.

Stem cylindric. Varied with peduncles bearing rather
large bracts; v. bracteatum Thom. (Bex !) — Woods ; dis¬
trib. 5 . multiflorum All. 2152.

— Peduncles gen. bearing 1 — 2 fls. Filaments of the stas
glabr. Stem angular. Perianth twice as large as in the
last. Convallaria Polygonatum L. — As the last. 5

officinale All. 2153.

OBS. P. multiflorum-officinale Zoll.

576. Smilacina. Smilacina. IV, 29.

1. Stem bearing 2 ls. Ls petioled, cordate-oval. Fls in a
raceme, white. Majanthemum bifolium Schmidt. — Woods;
everywhere. 5 . bifolia Desf. 2154.

577. Ruscus. Ruscus. XXII, 12.

1. Small evergreen shrubs. Cladodes (leaf-like branches)
oval, acuminate-apiculate. — Stony thickety places ; Misox
(Coaz). T. W. V. G. 3, 4 . aculeatus L. 2155.

116. Dioscoreacese.

578. Tamus. Tamus. XXII, 21.

1. Stem climbing, flexible. Ls long-petioled , oval-heart¬
shaped, acuminate. Fls greenish, in axillary, often branched,
racemes. — Woods; distrib. 5 . . communis L. 2156.

Liliacese.

373

117. Liliaceae.

579. Tulipa. Tulip. VI, 15.

1. Divisions of the perianth yellow. Filaments of the stas
bearded at the base. — Meadows , fields, vineyards, in
batches, but not very flourishing; (wanting in T. S. A.) 5

sylvestris L. 2157.

— Divisions of the perianth deep purple (very rarely
yellowish), marked at the base with a blackish blue
spot, edged with yellow. Stas glabr. T. inaleolens Grml.
Excfl. 4th edition not Reb. — Fields; Sion. 4

Didieri Jord. 2158.

OBS. T. Gesneriana L. and other species are commonly cultivated in
gardens.

580. Fritillaria. Fritillary. VI, 19.

1. FIs solitary, yellowish or flesh-coloured, chequered with
square blood-red spots. — Damp meadows; Canton Neu-
chatel in several places; otherwise very rare and in
part probably subspontaneous. 4 . Meleagris L. 2159.

OBS F. imperial is L., the crown imperial, is often cultivated in gardens.

581. Lilium. Lily. VI, 25.

1. FIs drooping. Divisions of the perianth rolled back (like

a turban), rose-coloured, spotted with brown. — Mountain
woods; distrib. 6 Martagon L. 2160.

— FIs erect. Divisions of the perianth erect, campanulate-

infundibuliform, yellow-red, streaked with brown. Type
of L. bulbiferum ....... 2

2. Axils of the upper Is containing bulbs. — Rocky places;

G. (Fuldera, Lu, Tarasp). 6 . . bulbiferum L, 2161.

— Axils of the Is without bulbs. Ls longer than in the

last, with several nerves. Stem more angular. — As the
last. T. W. J. U. A. Lagern. 6 . croceum Chaix. 2162.

OBS. In gardens: L. candidum L., L. Chalcedonicum L. and others.

582. Lloydia. Lloydia. VI, 25.

1. FIs white, with 8 reddish streaks inside, yellowish at
the base. Stem 1-fld.— High Alp. 7 serotina Rchb. 2163.

583. Erythronium. Dog’s-tooth-violet. VI, 19.

1. FIs rose-coloured. Stem 1-fld. Ls 2, oblong-elliptic, spotted
with red. — Thickety hills ; Tess., Geneva. 3, 4

Dens canis L. 2164.

584. Asphodelus. Asphodel. VI, 23.

1. FIs white, in racemes. Stem leafless — Mount, and sub¬
alp. ; T. W. (Mt. Generoso ; Riederhorn and above Lens). 5

albus Mill. 2165.

374

Liliacero.

585. Anthericuni. Anthericum. YI, 23.

1. Stem terminated by a simple raceme. Peduncles jointed
below the middle (the lowest joint l/4 — 1 /3 as long as
the upper). Perianth 25 — 30 mm long. — Sunny hills, es¬
pecially of the mount, and subalp.; distrib. but not
common. 5, 6 . . Liliago L. 2166.

— Stem terminated by a branched panicle. Peduncles jointed

very near to the base (the lowest joint much shorter
than the uppermost). Perianth smaller. — As the last; dis¬
trib. 7 . ramosum L. 2167.

586. Paradisia. Paradisia. YI, 27.

1. FIs 3 — 5, large (40 — 45 mm long), white. Ls radical, linear.
— Pasturages of the Alp. and subalp., Dole in the Jura. 7

Liliastrum Bert. 2168.

587. Ornithogalum. Ornithogalum. YI, 28.

1. Stas 3-fid at the top, the middle point bearing the
anther. FIs large, white inside, in a simple, unilateral
raceme with 5 — 9 fls. — Meadows, orchards; western Switz.

Z. S. A. (wanting in the Alpine countries). 4, 5

nutans L. 2169.

— Stas not cleft ........ 2

2. Fls greenish yellow, in a very long raceme, of 20 to
50 fls. Stem 50— 80 cm. O. sulfureum Koch. (0. sphsero-
carpum Kern. = 0. pyrenaicum Koch is not found in
Switz.) — Thickety hills, hedges; Tess. and western Switz. 5

pyrenaicum L. 2170.

— Fls white in a short umbel-shaped raceme of 5 to *
20 fls. Stem 15 — 25 cm. — Fields, grassy places ; distrib. 4, 5

umbellatum L. 2171.

588. Gagea. Gagea. YI, 21.

1. Three oblique tubers, without a common covering. A

single linear rad. leaf (rarely 2). Peduncles 2 — 3—5, glabr.
G. stenopetala Fr. — Fields, grassy places; Geneva, Aar-
gau, Zurich, Schaffh. 4 . . pratensis Schult. 2172.

— Tubers 2 or 1, straight ...... 2

2. Tuber 1. A single rad. leaf, linear-lanceolate, flat(5 — 10 mm

broad). Peduncles glabr. — Woods, hedges, orchards;
distrib. 4 . lutea Ker. 2173.

— Tubers 2, enclosed in a common covering . . 3

3. Rad. Is 1 — 2, hollow. Peduncles villous, rarely glabr.
(v. lsevipes = G. intermedia Schl.). Divisions of the
perianth obtuse. — Damp places of the Alp. and subalp.,
especially near chalets (wanting in T. A.). 5 — 6

Liottardi Schult. 2174.

Liliacete.

375

4.

5.

Rad. Is not hollow ....... 4

Peduncles fairly glabr. Rad. leaf 1 (rarely 2). Divisions
of the perianth acuminate, the point curved outwards.
PI. delicate.— Alp. and subalp., rare : (wanting in 0. U.) G

minima Schult. 2175.

Peduncles villous. Rad. Is 2 . . . . . 3

FIs 2 — 20. Divisions of the perianth acute. Rad. Is linear,
channelled (about 272 — 3 mm broad). — Fields, grassy
places; scattered (wanting in 0. U. L. A.). 4

arvensis Dumort. 2170.
FIs 1 — 5. Divisions of the perianth obtuse. Rad. Is linear-
filiform, channelled or half-cylindric (1 — 1 */2 wm broad).
— Dry hills ; lower and central Wall. 3 saxatilis Koch. 2177.

OBS. Hybrid : G. Liottardi-minima (Briigg.).

589. Scilla. Squill. YI, 28.

1. Bracts reduced or 0. Ls 2, rarely 3. — Woods, hedges
and orchards; not everywhere (wanting in S.). 4

bifolia L. 2178.

— Bracts existing. Ls 2 — 7 ..... 2

— Raceme composed of 2 — 5 fls. Bracts very short. —

Orchards, rare (subspontaneous or naturalised); Bex,
Bern, Solothurn, Schaffh. &c. 4 . amoena L. 2179.

— Raceme many-fld. Some, at least, of the bracts as long
as the peduncles. — As the last; Bern. 4 italica L. 2180.

590. Allium. Onion. YI, 26.

1. Filaments of the 3 inner stas tricuspidate, the

•central tooth bearing the anther . ... 2

— Filaments of the stas all simple or the 3 inner ones

with an obtuse, very short tooth at the base . 10

2. Ls flat ......... 3

— Ls subcylindric or cylindric, hollow . . . S

3. Umbel with bulbils. (Stas shorter than the perianth

Ls broad-linear) ....... 4

— Umbel without bulbils ...... G

4. Spathe with 2 valves, shorter than the umbel. Fls deep

purple. The lateral teeth of the tri-cuspidate filaments
long, filiform. Bulb surrounded by reddish brown, pedi-
celled bulbils. Ls scabrous at the edges. A. arenarium
auct. — Hedges, grassy places; near Bale, Geneva, Kling-
nau (Aargau). 6 Scorodoprasum L. 2181.

— Spathe undiv., prolonged in a beak much exceeding

the umbel. Fls of a dirty white, sometimes almost 0-
The lateral teeth of the tri-cuspidate filaments short,
obtuse. Bulb surrounded by sessile, whitish bulbils
Type of A. sativum ...... 3

5. Bulbils oblong-ovoid. Garlic. G . f sativum L. 2182.

376

Liliace®.

— Bulbils ovoid-subglobular. 6 . f Ophioscorodon L. 2188.

6 (3). Spathe shorter than the umbel. Stas shorter than the

perianth (enclosed). Ls narrow-linear. Accessory bulbils
long-pedicelled, reddish brown (in A. sphaerocephalum
whitish). — Among the corn; Schaffh. (near Schleitheim,
Siblingen, Neunkirch, Unterhallau, but varying in abun¬
dance in different years), also indicated near Porrentruy
and Viege. 6 . rotundum L. 2184.

— Spathe longer than the umbel. Stas slightly exceeding

the perianth. Ls broad-linear. Pedicelled bulbils 0 7

7. FIs of a rosy white. Anthers reddish. Bulb gen. without
bulbils. Leek. 6 .... f Porrum L. 2185.

— FIs of a purple-rose colour. Anthers yellow. Bulb with

bulbils. 6 .... t Ampeloprasum L. 2186.

8 (2). Lateral teeth of the tri-cuspidate filaments long, fili¬
form. FIs purplish. (Stas exceeding the perianth) .9

— Lateral teeth of the tri-cuspidate filaments short. FIs

greenish white or lilac ...... 13

9. The central tooth of the tri-cuspidate filaments longer
than the entire part of the filament (divisions conse¬
quently below the middle). Ls almost cylindric, nar¬
rowly channelled. Umbel small, bulbiliferous, sometimes
(v. compactum) with few or scarcely any fls, rarely
(v. capsuliferum) without bulbils. — Fields, vineyards,
slopes, by preference in western Switz. (wanting in U. A.) 6

vinale L. 2187.

— The central tooth of the tri-cuspidate filaments hardly

half as long as the entire part of the filament (division
consequently above the middle). Ls half- cylindric,
broadly channelled. Umbel large, many-fld, without
bulbils, spherical or (v. descendens auct. not L.) ovoid
through the longer-pedicelled upper fls. — Stony hills;
by preference in southern and western Switz. (wanting
in L. Z. A. S.). 6 . . . sphserocephalum L. 2188.

10(1). Ls flat, 20— 50 mm broad, narrowed at the base into
a distinct petiole ... . ... 11

— Ls cylindric, half-cylindric , or flat, 7 mm broad at

most, not petioled ....... 12

11. Umbel globular. Fls greenish wrhite. Stem leafy to the
middle. Ls sliort-petioled. Bulbs sessile on an oblique
or horizontal rt-stock, surrounded by a covering of
netted fibres. — Rocky slopes of the Alp., subalp. and
Jura. 6 . Victorialis L. 2189.

— Umbel almost fiat. Fls white. Stem leafless, only bearing

2 long-petioled ls at its base. Bulb oblong-linear, per¬
pendicular, with a reduced rt-stock. — Hedges , damp
thickets; distrib. 4. . . . ursinum L. 2190.

Liliacese.

377

12. Ls cylindric, acuminate, entirely hollow. Spathe not

acuminate, shorter than, or hardly as long as, the
umbel ......... IS

— Ls cvlindric, channelled or flat, not hollow, or hollow,
but then the floral spathe is much longer than the
umbel ......... l(i

13. Stem (as also the Is) inflated at or below the middle 14-.

— Stem not inflated ....... IS

14. Filaments of the stas not toothed. Pedicels 3—4 times

as long as the fls. 0 . . . f fistulosum L. 2191.

— Filaments of the 3 inner stas with a short tooth at the

base on each side. Pedicels about 8 times as long as
the fls. Onion. 6 . . f Cepa L. 2192.

15. Stas about as long as the perianth, the 3 inner ones

with a short tooth at the base on each side. Fls lilac.
Shallot. 6 f ascalonicum L. 2193.

— Stas shorter than the perianth, not toothed. Fls rosy
lilac. Ls slenderer than in the last. — b. foliosum C/or.
(sibiricum auct. not L.) PI. taller; anthers lilac not
yellow. — The type is the pi. cultivated under the name
of chives: b. damp places of the Alp. and subalp., banks
of rivers in which it descends to the plains. 6

Schoenoprasum L. 2194.

IB (12). Spathe shorter than, or hardly ns long as, the umbel.
Perianth infundibuliform-open (reddish) . . 17

— Spathe longer than the umbel, one of the valves acu¬

minate with a long point. Perianth slightly campanulate.
(Stem leafy in its lower third part) . . . 20

17. Bulb without a distinct rt-stock. Stem subcylindric, leafy
in its lower third part ...... IS

— Bulb little developed, sessile on an oblique or horizontal

rt-stock. Stem with acute angles, leafless (only leafy
quite at the base). Type of A ngulosum L . 10

18. Filaments of the 3 inner stas enlarged at the base and
bearing on each side a very short, or (A. Christii Janka)
scarcely any, tooth. Coverings of the bulbs very fibrous.
A. suaveolens Gaud, not Jacq.— Rocky places; G. W.
(Engadine, Ni<j;olaitbal, Hermance). 6 strictum Schrad. 2195.

— Filaments of the stas not or indistinctly enlarged at
the base, not toothed. Coverings of the bulbs irreg.
cleft at the top. — Marshy fields; Hemmishofen: Sulger-
Biiel; Wollmatingerried near Constance! Feldkirch. 7

suaveolens Jacq. 2196.

19. Stas as long as the perianth (enclosed) Stem 30- 50 cm.
— Marshy fields, water-side ; scattered (wanting in G. L.) 7

acutangulum Schrad. 2197.

— Stas longer than the perianth (protruding). Stem 20- 25cm.
A. serotinum Schl., A. fallax R. Sell. — Rocky places,

2G

378

Liliace®.

up to the Alp.; fairly distrib*but not common. 7, 8

montanum Schmidt. 2198.

20 (16). Stas about as long as the perianth. FIs whitish
green or dirty red. Ls almost cylindric, distinctly chan¬
nelled. — b. complana'um Fr. (calcareum Reut.). Ls broader,
flatter, hardly channelled. — Stony, thickety places, fields,
road-sides; distrib. 7 oleraceum L 2199.

— Stas almost twice as long as the perianth. FIs of an

almost uniform purplish lilac .... 21

21. Umbel few-fld, with bulbils. Ls flatter than in the last,
faintly channelled. Divisions of the perianth hood-shaped
at the top, truncate-obtuse, often emarginate.— Varied
with Is (A. flexifolium Jord.) broader, and stas shorter.
— As the last, but gen. rarer. 7 . carinatum L 2200.

— Umbel several-fld, gen. without bulbils. Valves of the

floral spathe narrower at the base than in the last.
A. paniculatum Gaud, not L., A. carinatum capsuliferum
Koch. — As the last; Graub., Tess., Vaud, Neuchatel,
Freibg. 7 .... pulcliellum Don. 2201.

591. Hemerocallis. Hemerocallis. VI, 13.

1. FIs very large, reddish yellow, scentless; divisions of
the perianth nerved and veined transversely. Ls broad-
linear. — Orchards, ditches; lower Rhone-valley in several
places: Jaccard; also here and there, probably gen.
subspontaneous. 6 . . . . . fulva L. 2202.

— FIs smaller, light yellow, perfumed; divisions of the

perianth nerved, without transverse veins. Ls only half
as broad as in the last. — As the last; near Bregenz,
Lindau; near Lutry probably escaped from gardens. 6,
rather earlier than the last . . . *flava L. 2203.

592. IVIuscari. Muscari. YI, 13.

1. FIs in an at first dense, then lax and much elongated
(10 - 25 cm) raceme; the lower fls greenish brown, the
upper barren with longer pedicels, of an amytliiste blue
as also the pedicels, clustered in a tuft. — Grassy slopes,
fields, Graub., Southern and western Switz. 5

comosum Mill. 2204.

— Racemes always dense (3 — 6 cm) ; the lower fls drooping,

upper erect, more shortly pedicelled, all blue . 2

2. Ls 2 — 3, spathulate-linear (broader towards the end),

gen. shorter than, or only as long as, the stem. Fls
scentless.- Orchards, slopes; not everywhere (wanting
in A.). 3, 4 . botryoides Dec. 2205.

— Ls numerous, linear, gen. longer than the stem. Fls

with a scent of plums. Type of M. raeemosum . 3

Colchicaceas.

379

3. Valves of the capsule incised at the top. Perianth ovoid.
Ls 2 — 3 mm broad, narrowly channelled above. — Grassy
places, slopes; distrib. 4 . . racemosum Dec. 220(5.

— Valves of the capsule truncate at the top. Perianth

ovoid-oblong. Ls3— 4m>« broad, more broadly channelled
above. PI. more robust in every way than the last. —
Vineyards; V., Bale, Winterthur and probably other
places also. 4 . neglectum Guss. 2207.

118. Colchicaceae.

593. Bulbocodium. Bulbocodium. YI, 17.

1. FIs rose-coloured, rarely white, appearing with the ls.
PI. with the habit of Colchicum, but the 3 styles are
united in 1 which is 3-fid at the top! — Meadows; W.,
from Pissevache to Viege: Jaccard; Mt. Vuache in
Savoy. 2, 3 . vernum L. 2203.

594. Colchicum. Meadow-crocus. YI, 34.

1. Outer divisions of the perianth obovate-oblong. Ls ob¬
long. — Rather damp meadows. 8, 9; the Is and fr. ap¬
pearing the following spring; late fis without ls are
rarely found in the following spring (v. vernum)

autumnale L. 2209.

— Outer divisions of the perianth linear-oblong. Ls linear-

oblong.— Alp. ; T. W. 7, 8 . alpinum Dec. 2210.

595. Veratrum. Veratrum. YI, 38.

1. Divisions of the perianth much longer than the pedi¬
cels, whitish inside or (b. LobeUanum Bernh.) greenish
on both sides. — Pasturages of the Alp., subalp. and
Jura. 7 . album L. 2211

— Divisions of the perianth as long as the pedicels, blackish

red. — Tess. (S. Giorgio). 7 nigrum L. 2212.

596. Tofieldia. Tofieldia. YI, 39.

1. Pedicels with a 3-lobed, calyx-like invol. below the
fl., and a bract at the base. Raceme more or less spike¬
shaped, elongated, rarely (in the Alp.) shortened to a
head (b. glacialis Gaud.).— Damp pasturages and peat¬
mosses. 7 .... calyculata Wahlb. 2213.

— Pedicels with a 3-lobed invol. at the base, but with¬
out bracts Raceme shortened to a head. T. borealis
Wahlb. — High Alp., rare; G. W Uri, Glarus. 7

palustris Huds. 2214.

380

.Tuncacese.

119. Juncaceae.

i

8.

,4.

o.

597. Juncus. Rush. YI, 31. Ill, 6.

Stem leafless (Is only rad. or entirely wanting) . 2

Stem leafy (gen. few, often only 1 leaf) . . 10

Anthela (apparently) lateral ..... 3

FIs placed at the top of the stem ... 8

Anthela many-fld ....... 4

Anthela only 3 7-fld ...... 7

Rad. sheaths yellowish brown, dull. Stas 3. (Stems bright
green with continuous pith) ..... ,5

Rad. sheaths blackish brown, shining. Stas 6 . O

Style placed on a lump rising from the depression in
the capsule. Stem (in the living pi.) finely streaked.
Anthela gen. very compact (almost globular). — Marshy
places; distrib. 6 . . conglomeratus L. 2215.

— Style placed in the depression of the capsule. Stem

(when fresh) quite smooth (finely streaked after drying).
Anthela laxer; less often (v. compactus) compact. — As
the last. 6 .... effusus L. 2216.

6. Stem glaucous, deeply streaked, with an interrupted
pith (slenderer and more tenacious than in the last).
J. inflexus L.?— As the last; everywhere. 6

glaucus Ehrh. 2217.
Stem bright green, the pith not or scarcely interrupted.
J. effusus-glaucus ! — As the last; rare. 6

*diffusus Hopp. 2218.

7 (3). Anthela placed almost in the middle of the stem.
Perianth pale green or light brown. — Damp places of
the Alp. and subalp. 6 . . . filiformis L. 2219.

— Anthela placed in the upper part of the stem. Perianth

blackish brown. — Alp.; G. \V. (Upper Engadine; Saas,
Zermatt). 7 . arcticus Willd. 2220.

8(2). Ann. pi. Divisions of the perianth finely acuminate,
longer than the capsule. — Damp, sandy .places; W. B.
J. (Gombs, Seewyl, Bonfol). 6 . capitatus Weig. 2221.

— Perenn. pis. Divisions of the perianth acute or obtuse,

as long as, or shorter than, the capsule . . i)

9. FIs 3 (2 — 4) together in an head surrounded by brown
bracts. Stem slender, 8— 12 cm. — Damp pasturages of
the Alp. 7 . triglumis L. 2222.

— FIs numerous, in a loose anthela. Stem stiff, 20 — 30 cm.

— Alp.; only on the St. Gothard and the Isenaualp in
the Ormonds, Vaud 7 . . . squarrosus L. 2223.

10(1) Ls with a laciniate-ciliate ligule at the mouth
of the sheaths. (Stem filiform, bearing 1 —3 fls, fls with

2-

of

3 very
./. trifidus

long

bracts much exceeding the fls).

Type

11

Juncacore.

381

— Mouth of the sheaths not ciliate Vi

11. Rad. Is (1 — 2) at least half as long as the stem. — Lime¬

stone Alps; U. A. (Rederten ; Borenstein, Kamor, Kur-
firsten, Val Medels. 18^7.) 7 • . Hostii Tausch. 2224.

— Rad. Is very short. — Alp. 7 . . . trifidus L. 2225.

12. FIs in an isolated head, or in 2 heads one placed

above the other, or in several heads forming together
a many-tld anthela ...... 1.3

— FIs isolated, in an anthela, in 2236 sometimes in

clusters of 2 or 3 . . . . . . iO

13. Stas 3. Anthela composed of few heads; heads often

mixed with or replaced by clusters of Is Stem 5- 25 cm,
gen. thickened at the base, erect, or (v. uliginosus)
decumbent and rooting in the mud, or ^v. tluitans) elong¬
ated and floating in the water.— Feat-swamps, rare:
Villeneuve, Bale, Stossthal, Hackcnegg, Einsiedeln, Geiss-
boden, Constance. 6 supinus Monch. 2226.

Stas 6 ......... 14

14. Heads gen. numerous (in the dwarf forms of 2229 and
2230 sometimes only 5 — 3). Ls cylindric or cylindric-
compressed, divided by transverse partitions and, when
dried, appearing outside noded-articulate. Sheaths
without an appendage ...... lo

— Heads isolated, or 2 — 3 one above the other. Ls with¬
out transverse partitions. Sheaths prolonged at each
end to a scarious appendage .... IS

15. Divisions of the perianth greenish yellow, obtuse. Cap¬
sule 3-celled. Stem with sheaths at the base which are
not prolonged into Is. Lateral branches of the anthela
bent back. — Damp meadows, ditches; distrib. 6

obtusiflorus Ehrh. 2227.

— Divisions of the perianth brown or blackish (in shaded

pis sometimes pale). Caps. 1 -celled. Sheaths gen. all
prolonged into ls . . ... 1G

16. Divisions of the perianth all acuminate, the inner longer,

the point slightly bent outwards. Caps, acuminate-
mucronate. Heads gen. more numerous than in 2230,
otherwise varying in size. Stem erect. — Damp meadows;
distrib. but not common. 5 . sylvaticus Reich. 2228.

— Divisions of the perianth almost equal in length, the

inner obtuse or short-mucronate ... 17

17. Branches of the anthela erect-spreading. Divisions of
the perianth all obtuse, the outer short-mucronate.
Sheaths of the Is with an acute keel. Stem erect. —
Damp meadows, sandy shores, up to the Alp., not
everywhere in the lower regions. 6 alpinus Vill. 2229.

— Branches of the anthela spreading or divergent. Di¬
visions of the perianth all short-mucronate, the outer

382

Juncaceee.

acute, the inner obtuse. Sheaths rounded. Stem gen.
ascending. — Marshy places, near water; everywhere. 6

lamprocarpus Ehrh. 2280.

18 (14). FIs in a single blackish brown, 4 — 10-fld, head. Fila¬
ments of the stas at least shorter by one half than their anthers.
FI. -stems with a single linear-subulate 1., sometimes
very close to the head. Habit of a Schoenus. — Alp., not
common. 7 . Jacquini L, 2231.

— FIs in 1 —2—3 heads placed one above the other. Fila¬

ments of the stas several times as long as their anthers.
Stem with 1- 3 Is . . . . . . . If)

19. Divisions of the perianth of a chestnut brown. Rt-stock
creeping. Stem stiff. — Alp. ; G. (Alp. Nova Yal Gronda,
Spliigenj. 7 .... castaneus Sm. 2232.

— Divisions of the perianth pale green. Rt-stock short.

Stem slender. — Peat-mosses; only near Einsiedeln and
at Geissboden near Zug. 7 . . stygius L. 2233.

20 (12). Perenn. pis with a short creeping rt-stock. Divisions
of the perianth obtuse. Type of J. compressus . 21

— Ann. pis. Divisions of the perianth acute or subacute.

Type of J. bitfonius ...... 22

21. Divisions of the perianth scarcely 2/s the length of the
caps.; caps, almost globular. Style about a half shorter
than the ovary. — Damp pasturages, road-sides; distrib. 6

compressus Jacq. 2234.

— Divisions of the perianth almost as long as the caps.;
caps, oblong-ovoid. Style almost as long as the ovary.
— As the last; apparently almost exclusively on saline
soil; indicated in Waldnacht, Canton Uri, at Heinzen-
berg, Graub.; and near Bregenz. 6 * Gerardi Loisl. 2235.

22. Branches of the anthela almost erect. Divisions of the
perianth unequal in length, lanceolate, acuminate, green¬
ish, longer than the, oblong, caps. Ligules obliquely
truncate, not auricled. b. congestus Schouab. FIs in
clusters of 2 or 3. —Damp places, road -sides; distrib. 6

bufonius L. 2236. *)

— Branches of the anthela spreading. Divisions of the

perianth almost equal in length, oval-lanceolate, acute,
brownish, scarcely longer than the, almost globular,
caps. Ligules distinctly 2-auricled. — As the last, rare;
Tess., Bale. 6 . . . . Tenageia Ehrh. 2237.

*) J. ranarius P. Song. Divisions of the perianth shorter, the outer

as long or hardly longer (in J. bufonius distinctly longer) than the caps.

which is distinctly narrowed at the base, should be found on the banks of the

lun in the upper Engadine. - J. sphaerocarpus is perhaps identical with

.1. Tenageia intermedius Gaud.

Juncacese.

383

598. Luzula. Woodrush. YJ, 31.

1. FIs solitary, separated from one another, pedicelled,

arranged in an umbel-shaped anthela. Seeds with an
appendage at the top ...... 2

— FIs clustered, several (3 — 15) together, or forming spike-

lets, sessile. Seeds without, or with a scarcely visible,
appendage at the top ...... 4

2. Rt-stock creeping. FIs yellowish. — Woods of the mount,

(wanting in L. S.). 5 . . flavescens Gaud. 2238.

— Rt-stock tufted. FIs brown ..... &

3. Adult rad. Is linear-lanceolate (6 — 10 mm broad). Ap¬

pendages of the seeds curved like a sickle. — Woods;
distrib. 3 . pilosa Willd. 2239.

— Rad. Is linear (2 — 3 mm broad). Appendages of the seeds
straight. — Woods; southern and western Switz. 4

Forsteri Dec. 2240

4 (1). FIs clustered, in a compound anthela. Seeds without
an appendage at the base ..... 5

— FIs in spikelets which are arranged in a (simple)

umbel-shaped anthela, or in a spike. Seeds with an
appendage at the base ...... 8

5. FIs yellow. Fl.-ls shorter than the branches of the

anthela. Ls entirely glabr. — Granite Alp. (wanting in
A.). 7 . lutea Dec. 2241.

— FIs white or sometimes tiuted with red. Fl.-ls as long as,

or longer than, the branches of the anthela . 6*

— FIs brown or blackish. Fl.-ls shorter than the branches

of the anthela ...... 7

6. Anthela lax; fls whitish or (v. rubella) light copper-
coloured, 3— 3l/2 mm long, gen. in clusters of 3— 5. L.
albida Dec. — Woods; distrib. (Vaud rather rare). 6

angustifolia Garck 2242.

— Anthela more dense; fls pure white, silvery, rarely rosy
(v. rubescens Favrat), shining, more acute and larger
than in the last (5mm long), in fuller clusters. -Woods
of the mount. (wranting in J. S.). 6

nivea Dec. 2243.

7. Ls linear-lanceolate (5— 10 mm broad), hairy at the
edges. Fls more or less dark yellowish brown. L. maxima
Dec. — Woods of the mount, (wanting in S.). 5

sylvatica Bich. 2244.*)

— Ls linear (2 — 4 mm broad), bearded at the base. Fls

blackish brown, smaller than in the last. L. parvifiora
Desv. (N. Beitr. I, 23.) is hardly different. — Alp. and
subalp. 7 . spadicea Dec. 2245.

*) L. Sieberi Tausch, with narrower ls, and fewr-fld anthela, is found
in Switz. according to Celak.

384

Juncaceae. Cyperacca'.

8 (4). Spikelets clustered into a (single) oblong spike, lobed
and drooping, of a blackish brown. Ls channelled. —
Alp. and Dole in the Jura. 6 . spicata Dec. 2246.

— Spikelets arranged in an umbel-shaped anthela (some¬

times contracted into a lobed head). Ls flat. Type of
L. campestris ........ .9

9. Rt-stock stoloniferous. Stems gen. solitary or few, 10 to
20 cm high. Anthers, after shedding their pollen, 3 — 4 times
as long as their filaments. — Pasturages, wood-sides;
everywhere. 3 .... campestris Dec. 2247.

— Rt-stock without stolons. Stems gen. numerous, tufted,
taller and stiffer than in the last. Anthers, after shedding
their pollen, about as long as their filaments. — Yaried
with paler spikelets; also: b. uliginosa Grml. Stems
several, slender; spikelets 5—6, peduncled or almost
sessile; capsules blackish. — c. alpina Hopp. (nigricans
Desv. not Pohl., L. sudetica auct. helv. not Presl. *)
Stems lower, few or solitary; spikelets 3 — 5; ls almost
glabr. — Wood-clearings (especially on silicious soil),
sometimes with the last; b. peat-mosses; c. Alp. and

•subalp.; 4, later than the last . multiflora Lej. 2248.

OI3S. Hybrid : L. angustifolia-nivea (Jorat).

120. Cyperacese.

599. Cyperus. Cyperus. Ill, 73.

1. Perenn. pis. Stems 50 — 100 cm . ... 2

— Ann. pis. Stems 5— 20 cm ..... 3

2. Stigs 2. — Marshes; Tess. 7 , . Monti L. 2249.

— Stigs 3.— Marshy meadows, water-side, rare; shores of

the lakes of Lugano, Geneva, Brienz, Sarnen, Lucerne
and Constance (Lindau). 7 . longus L. 2250.

3. Stigs 2. Spikelets oblong-lanceolate, yellowish. Stem

angular with obtuse angles. — Damp, inundated places;
distrib. 7 . flavescens L. 2251.

— Stigs 3. Spikelets narrower than in the last, blackish
brown. Stems angular with acute angles. — As the last. 6

fuscus L. 2252.

600. Schoenus. Schoenus. Ill, 73.

1. Heads composed of 5 — 10 blackishbrown spikelets. Ls
reaching to or exceeding the middle of the stem. Stems
30- 50 cm. — Marshes ; distrib. 5 . nigricans L. 2253.

*) L. sudetica Presl. and L. pallescens Bess, are different species,
inhabiting the north of Europe.

Cyperaceee.

385

— Heads composed of 2 — 3 dark rusty brown spikelets.

Ls not r< aching the middle of the stem. Stems 15 — 30 cm.
— As the last. 5 ferrugineus L. 2254.

601. Cladium. Cladium. Ill, 76. If, 13.

1. Ls denticulate and cutting at the edges and on the
keel. Stem 80 — 100 cm. — Marshes; not common (wanting
in G. U. A.). 7 . . . . Mariscus R. Br. 2255.

602. Rhynchospora. Breaksedge. Ill, 76.

1. Spikelets brown. Bristles of the perianth rough, the hairs di¬
rected forwards. Rt-stock creeping. — Marshes, rare ;T.Z.A.
Ascona, Mt. Cenere; Harden; Rheineck, Schloss Forst-
egg). 6 . fusca R. Sch. 2256.

— Spikelets white (later rather reddish). Bristles of the

perianth rough, the hairs directed backwards. Rt-stock tuf¬
ted.— Marshes ; here and there. 6 . alba Vahl, 2257.

603. Heleocharis. Heleocharis. Ill, 78.

1. Stems quadrangulur-furro wed, very slender, almost ca¬
pillary (3 — 10 cm). Stigs 3. Achenes with longitudinal
r i b s. — Inundated places, not common. 6

acicularis R. Br. 2258.

— Stem cylindric or slightly compressed (sometimes, es¬

pecially when dry, slightly streaked). Stigs 2. Achenes
without ribs ........ 2

2. Perenn. pis (with almost ligneous, creeping, rt stock).

Floral scales subacute (except those at the base of the
spikelet) ......... 3

— Ann. (many-stemmed) pis. FI. scales obtuse . 4

3. The 2 lower (empty) scales only half-clasping the base
of the spikelet. Stems rather dull (15 — 60 cm). — Damp
meadows, water-side; everywhere. 5 palustris R. Br. 2259.

— The lower scale entirely clasping the base of the
spikelet. Stems shining, slenderer than in the last, easily
turning yellow in drying. — Peat-mosses; distrib. but
less common than the last. 6 uniglumis Schult. 2260.

4. Spikelets many-fld. Achenes yellowish, shorter than the
bristles of the perianth. Stems 10 — 15 cm. — Inundated
places, very rare ; Cugnasco ; Geneva ; Nouchatel (between
Locle and the Col des Roches, if yet?), Pruntrut. 6

ovata R. Br. 2261.

— Spikelets few-fld. Achenes black, longer than the bristles

of the perianth. Stems 3 — bcm. H. atro-purpurea Kunth ?
— On the damp sand by the lake of Geneva; only be¬
tween St. Sulpice and les Pierrettes, not far from Lau¬
sanne. 7 . Lereschii Thom. 2262.

386

Cyperacese.

604. Scirpus. Scirpus. Ill, 77.

1. Stem leafy. Ls linear, flat or slightly channelled, grass¬
like. (Inflorescence terminal) . ... 2

— Stem leafless. Ls 0, or 1 or 2 of the rad. Is bearing a
more or less long, bristle-like or channelled leaf 1

2. Spikelets numerous, in a distichous, compressed,

spike. Stigs 2. Stem 10— 20 cm.— Damp pasturages:
distrib. 7 .... compressus Pers. 2263.

— Spikelets in clusters which are partly sessile partly

peduncled, in the form of an anthela. Stigs 3. Stem
30 — 90 cm . . . . . . . . 3

3. Spikelets small (3—5 mm long), blackish green, very

numerous. FI. -scales entire.— Wood-swamps, ditches;
distrib. 6 . sylvaticus L. 2264.

— Spikelets large (10 — 25 mm), reddish brown FI. -scales
2-fid at the top. — Water-side, rare; W. V. B. S. L. A. 7

mari'timus L. 2265.

4(1). Spikelets solitary, terminal, (stigs 3) . . 5

— Spikelets several or many, apparently lateral . 8

5. The highest sheath terminated by a short leaf . 6*

— Sheaths without ls . ... 7

6. Bristles of the perianth louger than the achenes. Stems
5 — 40 cm. —Damp pasturages and peat-mosses, especially
of the mount, and subalp. (wanting -in S.). 5

caespitosus L. 2266.

— Bristles of the perianth 0. Stem 5 — 7 cm. The lower

scale shorter than in the last. Rt-stock stoloniferous —
Alp.; Engadine, Bregaglia; Simplon, valleys of Saas
and St. Nicolas. 7 . . . . alpinus Schl. 2267.

7. Spikelets composed of 3 — 7 fls. Stems 5 — 20 cm, slender,

without transverse partitions. — Marshy meadows; fairly
distrib. 5 .... pauciflorus Lightf. 2268.

— Spikelets composed of 3 — 4 (very small) fls. Stems 3 — 5 cm,
very slender, almost filiform, transparent, with transverse
partitions inside. — Habit of 2258. — Inundated, sandy
places, very rare; near Kriegstetten, Canton Soloth.,
and Urtenen, Canton Bern (yet?). 7 parvulus R. Sch. 2269.

8 (4). Spikelets in several (3 — 8) globular, very compact
and apparently tomentose heads. Stems cylindric, 50 to
90 cm. — Shores ; by the lake of Geneva. 7

Holoschoenus L. 2270.

— Spikelets not collected in globular heads, 2— several

crowded in a single cluster; or several — many sessile
or peduncled in an anthela ..... .9

9. FI. -scales emarginate at the top, mucronate. Rt-stock
creeping .......... 10

— FI. -scales not emarginate. PI. tufted . . . 11

Cyperaceae.

387

10. Stem triangular throughout its entire length. (Stigs 2) 11

— Stem entirely cylindric, rarely obtuse angled above 12

11. Ls of the rad. sheaths short. Spikelets partly sessile,
partly peduncled. FI. -scales with obtuse lobes. Stem
50—60 cm. S. triqueter auct. not L., S. Pol lichii Gr.
Godr. — Marshes, shores, rare; W. V. B. Z. 6

trigonus Roth. 2271.

— Ls of the rad. sheaths elongated (10 — 15 cm long). Spike-
lets all sessile. Fl.-scales with acute lobes. Stem slenderer
than in the last. Invol. -bract longer. S. Rothii Hopp. —
Water-side ; shores of the lakes of Neuchatel and Bienne. 6

pungens Vahl. 2272.

12. Stem 50 — 100 cm, light green, obtusely 3-cornered above,

with 2 rather convex faces, the 3rd flat. Fl.-scales smooth
or with scattered, raised spots. Top of the anthers
glabr. Stigs 2. S. Duvalii Hopp., S. lacustris-trigonus or
Tabernsemontanus-trigonus (see N. Beitr. 1, 48). — In¬
undated places, very rare; Bouveret, Aarau, Brunnen?
Rheineck. 6, 7 . . . . * carinatus Sm. 2273.

— Stem entirely cylindric ...... 13

13. Stem (100 —200 cm) bright green. Fl.-scales smooth. Stigs
gen. 3. Top of the anthers bearded. Achenes 3-cornered.
— b .bodamicus Gaud. (Custoris Heg.). Stem lower, ob¬
tusely 3-cornered in the upper part; rad. sheaths pro¬
longed into ls —Shores, in water; everywhere. 6

lacustris L. 2274.

— Stem glaucous, lower and slenderer than in the last.

Fl.-scales rough-spotted. Stigs 2. Top of the anthers
glabr. Achenes compressed - convex, smaller. Anthela
denser. — Inundated places; rarer than the last, but dis-
trib. 6 Tabernaemontani Gmel. 2275.

14. (9). Stem triangular (50 — 70 cm). Bristles of the perianth

present. Spikelets sessile Bract of the anthela very long,
spreading. Achenes wrinkled transversely !— Marshes,
rare; Locarno, Yilleneuve, Noville, Fehraltorf and Gossau,
Cantou Zurich, Frauenthal, Canton Zug, Rheineck. 7

mucronatus L. 2276.

— Stem cylindric (5 — 25 cm). Bristles of the perianth 0 13

15- Spikelets clustered (2 — 4 together) not far from the top

of the stem. Achenes with longitudinal ribs. — Damp
places, ditches; not common (wanting in S. and W. ?). 7

setaceus L. 2277.

— Spikelets in clusters (of 3 — 5) near the middle of the
stem. Achenes transversely wrinkled. — Damp places on
the shores of the lake of Geneva. 7 supinus L. 2278

388

Cyperacese.

605. Fimbristylis. Fimbristylis. Ill, 78.

1. Stem leafy. Spikelets 3 — 5. Achenes with longitudinal
ribs and transverse wrinkles. — Tess. (Marsh between
Cordola and Cugnasco). 7 . . annua R. Sch. 2279.

606. Eriophorum. Cottonsedge. Ill, 74.

1. A single terminal spikelet ..... 2

— Several (3 — 12) spikelets in an umbel-shaped anthela

(unequally peduncled) ...... 4

2. Bristles of the perianth (cottony hairs) few (3 — 6) in each

fl., wavy. Stems triangular, rough. While flowering re¬
sembles Scirpus csespitosus. — Peat-swamps, up to the
Alp.; fairly distrib. 4 alpinism L. 2280.

— Bristles of the perianth numerous, straight. Stem smooth 3

3. Rt-stock fibrous, forming a dense tuft Stem 3-cornered
above. Spikelets ovoid. — As the last (wanting in S.). 4

vagmatum L. 2281.

— Rt-stock stoloniferous. Stem cylindric. Spikelets globular.
— Peaty land of the Alp. 4, 5 Scheuchzeri Hopp. 2282.

4 (1). Peduncles glabr. Stem almost cylindric. Spikelets
3 — 7.— b. alpinum Gaud, (dubium Heg.) Spikelets less
numerous; Is almost reduced to the triangular point.—
Marshy meadows; distrib. 4 . angustifolium Roth. 2283.

— Peduncles rough. Stem obtusely 3-cornered . 5

5. Ls linear-lanceolate, flat, terminating in a short trian¬
gular point. Spikelets 6 — 12, drooping when mature. —
As the last. 4 . latifolium Hopp. 2281.

— Ls narrow-linear, channelled-triangular. Spikelets 3— 4,
almost erect. — Peat-moss, not common. 5

gracile Koch. 2285.

607. Elyna. Elyna. XXI, 1.

1. Spikelets 2-fld, the lower fl. fern, and sessile, the upper
male and pedicelled (like an androgynous fl.), together
forming a spikelet.— High Alp. 6 spicata Schrad. 2286.

608. Kobresia. Kobresia. XXI, 1.

1. Spikelets 1-fld (sometimes with a second rudimentary
fl.), in 4 — 5 short, linear spikes (spikelets), of which the
lower are gen. only fem., the upper only male. —Alp.;
G. W. V. O. 7 .... caricina Willd. 2287.

609. Carex. Sedge. XXI, 1. XXII, 1.

1. Spikelets solitary and terminal .... 2

— Spikelets several (but sometimes clustered in an head) S

I. Monostachyse.

2. Stigs 3. Spikelets androgynous .... 3

— Stigs 2. Spikelets unisexual or androgynous . 6*

Cyperacece.

389

8. Fr. apiculate through the base of the style. 0. myosu-
roides Vill. = Elynct.

— Fr. terminating in a beak ..... 4

4. Fr. obovate, erect Glumes of the fern. Gs. persistent.

Alp., rare; G. T. W. 0 A. 7 . rupestris All. 2288.

— Fr. lanceolate-subulate, bent down. Glumes deciduous 5

5. Spikelets composed of 10 —12 fls. Fr. with a long green
bristle at the base! — Alp., rare; G. W. Appenzell. G

microglochin Wahlb. 2289

— Spikelets composed of 4— G fls. Fr. with no bristle at
the base. — Peat-swamps, especially of the Jura, rare in
other parts (wanting in S.). 6 paucif lora Lightf. 2290.

G (2). Spikelets androgynous. Fr. nerveless, narrowed at
both ends PI. loosely tufted with smooth stems. — Marshes :
distrib. but not common. 5 . . pulicaris L. 2291.

Spikelets 1-sexual, rarely varied to androgynous. Fr.
nerved, broader at the base ..... 7

7. PI. forming a dense tuft. Stems numerous (often as
many as 100), rough above as also the edges of the Is.
Fr. lanceolate, finally horizontal, the points turned down.
C. Custoriana Heer (f. androgyna). — Damp meadows:
distrib. 4 . Davalliana Sm. 2292.

— Rt-stock creeping. Stems more isolated, smooth, as also

the Is. Fr. oval, finally spreading, straight. — As the last,
but much rarer (wanting in S.). 4 . dioica L. 2293

8(1). Spikelets all androgynous, i. e. gen. containing
both male and fem. fls at the same time (in 2297 they
are gen. 1-sexual) ....... .9

— Spikelets 1-sexual, i. e. some containing only male,

others only fem. fls; the terminal, or the 2 — 5 upper
spikelets are male, the others (lower) are fem.; the
male spikelets rarely contain fem. fls at the top, or the
fem. male fls at the base; in 2818, 2323—2327 the ter¬
minal spikelet is androgynous, with fem. fls at the
base, the others are male ..... 2!t

II. Homostachyae.

9. Stigs 3 . 10

— Stigs 2 . . . . . . • .11

10. Spikelets forming a li ead or dense oblong spike. Glumes
acuminate. — High Alp.; fairly distrib.. but not common. 7

curvula All. 2294.

— Spikelets forming a longer spike. Glumes not acuminate.
C. mirabilis = Xobresia.

11. Rt-stock producing elongated stolons . . . 12

— Rt-stock tufted, without, or with very short, stolons 15

12 Spikelets clustered in a globular or ovoid head. Stem

smooth. (Spikelets bearing the male fls at the top) Vi

390

Cyperacero.

— Spikelets arranged in a spike. Stem rough, at any rate

above ......... 14

13. Stem much longer than the Is, branchy at the base!

— Peat-bogs; in several places in the Jura, Schwarzen-
eck, Biinzen, Einsiedeln, Robenhausen, Pfaffikon, Katzen-
see. 5 . chordorrhiza Ehrh. 2295.

— Stem as long as the Is, arched. — Granite Alp.; G. T. W. 6

incurva Lightf. 2296.

14. Spikelets brownish, 6 — 20 in number, gen. 1-sex., the
middle ones with male fls, the upper and lower with
fern, fls (but varied in this last respect!). — Marshes,
water-side; gen. not uncommon (wanting in G. T. L.). 5

disticha Huds. 2297

— Spikelets yellowish, gen. curved, almost distichous, 3 to

6 in number, androgynous, the fern, fls at the top, the
male fls at the base. — Woods; in batches (wanting in
G. W. U.). 5 . . . . . brizoides L. 2298.

15 (11). Spikelets (green) clustered in a head which is sup¬
ported at the base by 2 foliaceous bracts which greatly
exceed the head in length. Fr. terminated by a very
long beak. — Dried up ponds; very rare and gen. change¬
able; indicated at Delle, Briger Bad (Wall.), Hallwyler-
see. 7 . cyperoides L. 2299.

— Spikelets in a spike or panicle, or also clustered in a

head, but then without foliaceous bracts . . 16

16. Spikelets with male fls at the top . . .17

— Spikelets with fern, fls at the top . . . 22

— Spikelets with fern, fls at the top and the base, the
upper spikelets with male fls in the middle, the whole
forming an ovoid-oblong, dark red-brown spike. C. foetida-
lagopina? — Alp. ; W. (Todtensee on Grimsel), Simplon. 8. 9

Laggeri Wimm. 2300.

17. Spikelets clustered in a globular or ovoid head. Fr.

acuminate with an elongated 2-toothed beak at the top.
— Alp.; not common. 7 . . foetida Vill. 2301-

— Spikelets in a spike or panicle ... IS

18. Fr. erect, compressed, nerveless, as long as the glumes.
Spikelets brown. — High Alp., rare; W. Y. O. 7

microstyla Gay. 2302.

— Fr. spreading, regularly convex on the back, longer

than the glumes . . . . . " . . 1* >

— Fr. erect, humped on the back, as long as, or shorter

than, the glumes. (Spikelets brown, the glumes white-
scarious at the edges) . . . . . .20

19. Stems stout, triangular with concave faces and very rough
angles, at least above. Ls 5 — 9 mm broad. Fr. with
6 — 7 distinct nerves. — Damp places, ditches; distrib. 5

vulpina L. 2303.

Cyperaceae.

391

— Stems feebler, with flat faces, the angles not so rough

as in the last. Ls 2 — 4 mm broad. Fr. indistinctly nerved.
— The following forms are good species: a. contigua
Hopp. Spikelets crowded; glumes with brownish edges;
stems fairly stiff, almost erect, b. virens Lam. (C. divulsa
Gaud, not Good?; Spikelets more distant, paler; stems
slenderer, at last drooping; later and flowering longer.
— c. Pircei F. Schultz. Spikelets as in the var. b.; stems
stiff, almost erect; ls narrow, very long, longer than
the stems; ligule shorter; stems obtuse-angled, only
rough above; fr. small, with a broader and shorter beak;
flowering period as in b. — Road-sides, slopes; a. dis-
trib. ; b. less common, near Bern, Bale and probably in
other places; c. Orbe, Bale. 5 . muricata L. 2304.

20. Fr. dull, nerved on both sides. Faces of the stems
slightly convex. Rt-stock tufted with clustered fibres.
— Marshes (wanting in T. W.). 5 paradoxa Willd. 2305.

— Fr. shining, without nerves or only faintly nerved at

the base of the upper face ..... 21

21. Stems stout, with flat faces. Ls rather broad. Panicle
lax, with a grayish sheen. — As the last; distrib. 5

' paniculata L. 230G.

— Stems feeble, with slightly convex faces. Ls narrow.

Spikes gen. dense, only rather panicled at the base,
without the grayish sheen. — As the last (-wanting in
T. S). 5 . teretiuscula Good. 2307.

22(16). The 2 — 4 lower spikelets very distant, with
elongated foliaceous bracts which exceed the stem. —
Damp, shady places; distrib. 5 . . remota L. 2308.

— Spikelets more or less crowded, with bracts which are

scarious and do not exceed the stem . . . 25

23- Fr. lanceolate, spreading. Spikelets oblong-cylindric,
8 — 12 in number, brownish. Stem triangular, rough.—
Damp meadows; not common (wanting in G. T. W. A.). 5

elongata L. 2309.

— Fr. oval. Spikelets oval-oblong or globular . . 24

24. Fr. surrounded by a rough winged margin, pro¬
longed up to the tip of the beak. Spikelets crowded,
obovate, grayish brown, rarely (v. argyroglochin Horn.)
whitish or yellowish. — Damp meadows, woods; distrib. 6

lepotina L. 2310.

— Fr. without the winged margin .... 25

25. Fr. spreading-divergent, with a bidentate beak. Spike¬
lets gen. 4, crowded. C. stellulata Good.— b. grypus
Schk. Spikelets more crowded, darker; beak of the fr. bent
inwards. — Damp meadows ; distrib. 5 echinata IVIurr. 2311.

— Fr. erect-spreading ...... 2 6*

26. Spikelets 3 — 4, crowded. Fr. smooth . . . 27

392

Cyperacese.

— Spikelets 4-8, the lower rather distant. Fr. finely

streaked . ....... 28

27. Stem smooth or only slightly rough under the spike.

Fr. flat-convex. C. approximata Hopp. — High Alp. on
granite; not common. 7 . . lagopina Wahlb. 2312.

— Stem rough, especially above. Fr. compresscd-3-cornered.
Peat-bogs ; V. 0. B. J. U. L. 6 Heleonastes Ehrb. 2313

28. Spikelets greenish white, ovoid-oblong. Fr. with a very

short, faintly notched, beak not cleft on the back. —
Damp meadows; distrib. 5 . . canescens L. 2314.

— Spikelets brownish, ovoid-globular. Fr. with a short
beak, cleft from end to end on the back. C. Personii
Lang, C. vitilis auct. — Alp. 6 brunescens Poir. 2315.

III. Heterostachyoe.

29 (8). Stigs 2 . SO

— Stigs 3 ........ SO

30. Fr. terminated by a bi-dentate beak . . . SI

Fr. glabr., with no beak at all, or with a cylindric beak,
not toothed ........ 32

31. Fr. slightly hairy. Ls bristle-like, channelled, curved. —

Alp.; G. T. A. 6 . . . mucronata All. 2316.

— Fr. glabr. Ls narrow-linear, deeply channelled, com¬
pressed-flat at the top. C. dioica-echinata? — Marshes;
Yevey, Amsoldingen, Cappel, Canton Zurich, Bregenz. 6

Gaudiniana Guthn. 2317.

32. Lowest bract sheathing. Spikelets 3, variegated with
brown and green, the terminal one only bearing male fls
at the base. — High Alp., rare; G. T. W. Y. U. 7

bicolor All. 2318.

— Bracts without, or with very short, sheaths . . S3

33. Rt-stock thickly tufted, without stolons. Sheaths of the
ls all, or at least the lower ones, worn into ragged fibres.
Stems bearing at the base leafless sheaths and, rather

higher, ls. Type of C. ccespitos .... 34

— Rt-stock producing more or less long stolons. Sheaths

of the ls (gen.) not worn into ragged fibres. Stems
with ls from the base. Type of C. acuta. . . 35

34. Ls glaucous; sheaths yellowish brown. Fr. compressed,
strongly nerved. Stems 40 — 60 cm. PI. forming thick
strong mats. — Marshes; water-side; distrib. 4

stricla Good. 2319.

— Ls light green (almost yellowish); sheaths blackish red.

Fr. convex on both sides, without, or with faint, nerves.
Stems lower, slenderer, limp. C. pacifica Drej. — -As the
last; indicated near Locle, and between Burgdorf and
Strattlingen. 4 .... * caespitosa L. 2320.

Cyperacere.

393

35. Male spikelets 2 — 4 (rarely only 1); fem. spikelets
elongated-cylindric, lax below, finally drooping. Lower
bract exceeding the top of the terminal male spike-
let. Ls gen grass-green, broad, the edges gen. rolling
back when dried. Stem 40 — 100 cm. C. paludosa differs
in having 3 stigs, and in the bidentate beak of its fr. —
Varied with long-acuminate glumes exceeding the com¬
pressed fr. : v. yrolixa Fr. — Marshes, water-side; scat¬
tered (wanting in G. W.). 5 . . . acuta Fr. 2321.

— Male spikelet 1, rarely 2; fem. spikelets oblong-cylin-
dric, erect. Lower bract not exceeding the top of the
male spikelet. Ls gen. glaucous, rather narrow, gen.
rolled inwards when dried. C. vulgaris Fr. — Varied :
Spikelets variegated with black and green, or glumes
almost entirely hidden by the fr., the spike, consequently,
of a green colour (v. chlorocarpa Wimm.), or glumes
and the free part of the fr. blackish (v. melaena Wimm.);
also b. juncella Fr. Stem taller, slenderer, stiff-erect;
ls only half as broad.— Damp meadows; distrib. 4

Goodenowii Gay. 2322.*)

36 (.9). The torminal spikelet androgynous, the male fis
below and the fem. fls above, the other spikelets are
female ......... 37

— The terminal spikelet containing male fls . 4t

37. L.-sheaths reddish, wearing into netted filaments. Glumes

of the fem. spikelets brown with a green middle nerve.
Rt-stock stoloniferous. — Damp meadows, rare; G. V.
B. Z. 5 . Buxbaumii Wahlnb. 2323.

— L.-sheaths brown, entire. Glumes black or blackish

violet. Rt-stock tufted ...... 3H

38. Spikelets short, globular or ovoid, closely pressed against
each other. Lower bract scarious or narrow-foliaceous 3.f>

— Spikelets all, or at least the fem. ones, oblong, only
crowded, the lower spikelet more distant and longer-
peduncled. Lower bract foliaceous. Type of C. atrata 40

39. Stem rough above. Spikelets small (7 — 9 mm long). Fr.

greenish, C. alpina Sw. — Alp.; G. (Upper Engadine in
various places, Albula). 7 . . Vahlii Schk. 2324.

— Stem smooth (10 cm). Spikelets larger (8— 12 mm). Fr.

blackish violet. — High Alp. 7 . . nigra All. 2325.

40. Stem smooth (20—40 cm). Fr. greenish. — Alp. 7

atrata L. 2326.

*) C. Dematranea Lagg. (Seedorf) is allied to C. elytroides according
to Fries, to C. limula according to Christ.— C. turfosa Fr. with a taller,
stiffer stem, and the lower l.-sheaths rather net-fibred (C. stricta differs in
its thickly tutted rt-stock) is indicated near Lustorf, Canton Freibg., and on
the 8t. Bernard.

27

894

Cyperacese.

— Stem rough (still higher). Fr. blackish violet, green at

the edges and base. — Prim. Alp., rather rarer than the
last. 7 . aterrima Hopp. 2827.

41 (36). A single terminal male spikelet . . . 42

— 2 or several male spikelets (in impoverished pis some¬
times only 1) ....... 79

42. Fr. glabr. (in 2345, 2353 and 2354 rather short-pu¬
bescent) ......... 43

— Fr. covered with a dense pubescence or roughness (in

2357 rarely almost or entirely glabr.) . . . 69

43. Ls or 1 -sheaths hairy ...... 44

— Ls and l.-slieaths glabr. ..... 45

44. Rt-stock stoloniferous. Ls of the flowerless leaf-clusters
broad, ciliate, finally exceeding the, almost leafless, stem.
Fem. spikelets linear, very lax, distant. — Woods, in
patches, but not everywhere; V. B. J. Z. S. A. 6

pilosa Scop. 2328.

— Rt-stoek not stoloniferous. Ls narrow, the lower ones
and their sheaths hairy. Fem. spikelets oblong-ovoid,
dense, crowded. — Woods; distrib. 5 pallescetis L. 2329.

45. Rt-stock tufted, without stolons .... 46

— Rt-stock creeping ....... 60

46. Fem. spikelets dense ...... 47

— Fem. spikelets lax ....... 56

47. Fem. spikelets finally drooping .... 48

— Fem. spikelets always erect ..... 50

48. Fr. terminating in a long beak, almost as long as the

rest of the fr , compressed, 2-fid, with diverging teeth.
Glumes subulate. — Marshes, not common (wanting in
G. T. U.). 6 . Pseudocyperus L. 2330.

— Fr. terminating in a short beak, 3-cornered or cylindric,

incised or shortly 2-lobed ..... 49

49. Fem. spikelets 4 — 6, distant, elongated-cylindric (10 cm

and more), slender. Glumes of a pale rusty brown. Fr.
pale green. Stem 90 — 120 cm. Ls 10 — 14 mm broad. C.
maxima Scop. — Damp woods, here and there (wanting
in G.). 6 . pendula Huds. 2331.

— Fem. spikelets 2—3, rather crowded, ovoid or ovoid-
oblong. Glumes and fr. blackish brown. Stem 20 to
30cm. — Alp., very rare; G. W. O. (Fimberpass, valleys
of Herens and Bagne, Rawyl). 7 . ustulata Wahlb. 2332.

50 (47). Bracts with short sheaths, or the lower bract sup¬
porting a more distant spikelet and with a longer sheath,
much exceeding the male spikelet, gen. spreading hori¬
zontally or bent back at the last. Fem. spikelets ovoid
or globular when mature. L.-sheaths without appendages.
Type of C. jiava ....... 51

Cyperacese.

395

— Bracts with long sheaths. Reaching to or hardly ex¬

ceeding the male spikelet, erect-spreading or erect. Fem.
spikelets ovoid-oval-oblong or cylindric . . 52

51. Fr. ovoid-elliptic, narrowed insensibly to a long beak
which is curved downwards. Ls light green (almost
yellowish).— Damp places, everywhere. 5 flava L. 2333.

— Fr. smaller than in the last, globular-obovate, contracted

suddenly to a short, straight beak. Ls of a darker
green, gen. narrower. Stem gen. lower but sometimes
as much as 40cm. — Inundated and peaty places; dis-
trib. 5 . Oederi Ehrh. 2334.

— An intermediate form between the 2 last. Fr. almost
globular-ovoid, smaller, narrowed less insensibly than
in C. flava to a shorter, less curved beak. Stem slenderer,
rather rough above: the male spikelet gen. peduncled.
— As the last, but rarer . lepidocarpa Tausch. 2335.

52. Fr. oblong-lanceolate. L -sheaths without appendages.

Stem almost leafless. Glumes brown. Ls short, stiff,
broad, spreading in 3 rows. — Dry and rocky places in
the calc. Alp. 6 firma Host. 2336.

— Fr. ovoid or almost globular. L. -sheaths with a scarious

appendage opposite to the limb of the leaf. Glumes
greenish or light brown ..... 53

53. Fr. almost without nerves, wrinkled-spotted , smaller

than in 2338; beak smooth, at the edges also, shortly
2-dentate. Habit of 2339. — Damp places in transalpine
Switz. 4, 5 . punctata Gaud. 2337.

— Fr. with longitudinal nerves; beak finely rough-toothed

at the edges, 2-fid ....... 54

54. Fem. spikelets all very distant on the upper half of

the stem, or the lowest placed rather lower. Glumes
light brown, shortly mucronate by the middle nerve
exceeding the limb. Teeth of the beak with small
prickles on the inner edges. Stem almost smooth .
— Damp meadows ; distrib. 5. . . distans L. 2338.

— Fem. spikelets less distant from one another, gen. placed

in the upper quarter of the stem, or the lowest spike¬
let only slightly lower. Glumes of a rusty brown, ob¬
tuse, not mucronate. Teeth of the beak smooth on the
inner edge. Stem often rather rough above. Type of
C. fulva Good ....... 55

55. The lower bract not reaching the male spikelet. Fr.
erect-spreading. Stem smooth or slightly rough above.
— Damp meadows; distrib. 5 Hornschuchiana Hopp. 2339.

— The lower bract reaching, or exceeding, the male spike¬
let. Fr. standing thicker than in the last, more inflated,
more spreading in the lower part of the spikelet, gen.
empty. PI. of a more yellowish green; stem rougher:

396

Cyperacere,

C. fulva auct., C. flava-Hornschuchiana A. Br. — As the
last, rarer. 5 . . . . * xanthocarpa Degl. 2340.

56 (46). Ls 5 — 8 mm broad. Spikelets remarkably slender and
lax, drooping. Fr. narrowed to a long, thin, deeply
2-fid beak.- Woods; distrib. 6 . sylvatica Huds. 2341.

— Ls 1 — 3 mm broad ....... 57

57. Fem. spikelets crowded almost in the form of an umbel.

Fr. with a short, cylindric, obliquely truncate beak. —
Alp.; 6 . capillaris L. 2342.

— Fem. spikelets distant. Fr. narrowed to a margined beak

which is flat above ...... 58

58. Fr. (only 3 — 5 in a spikelet) elliptic-obovate, inflated,

with numerous nerves, abruptly acuminate in a linear
beak. C. ventricosa Curt. — Woods; indicated near Delle
(near Pontarlier !). 5 . . depauperata Good. 2343.

— Fr. more numerous, lanceolate, narrowed more in¬
sensibly into a beak which is 2-toothed at the top 5,9

59. Ls setaceous (only 1 mm broad). Male spikelets linear.

Fr. with a glabr. beak. — Rocky places in the Alp., sub¬
alp. and Jura. 6 tenuis Host. 2344.

— Ls flat (2 — 3 mm broad). Male spikelets narrow-clavate.
Fr. with a ciliate, fine spiny beak. Spikelets thicker
and bracts longer than in C. ferruginea; rt-stock not
creeping. — Dry places in Alp., subalp. and Jura. 6

sempervirens Vill. 2345.*)

60 (45). Beak short or indistinct, truncate or shortly 2-lobed 61

— Beak with a margin, flat above, distinctly 2-toothed 67

61. Fem. spikelets dense ...... 62

— Fem. spikelets lax ...... 61

62. Fem. spikelets erect. Bracts sheathing, the upper scarious,

ending in an herbaceous, green point. Fr. globular-
ovoid, shining, nerved-streaked. C. obesa All. — Dry slopes :
W. V. 6 . nitida Host. 2346.

— Fem. spikelets drooping or suspended on a long, slender

peduncle. Bracts foliaceous, not sheathing or the lowest
with only a short sheath. Fr. oval or elliptic, com¬
pressed. Type of C. limosa (specimens of C. glauca with
a single male spikelet are distinguished by the broader
ls and cylindric fem spikelets) .... 65

63. Ls very narrow, channelled-folded, rough at the edges
almost from the base. Fr. many-nerved. — Peat-swamps,
here and there (wanting in T. W.? S.). 5 limosa L. 2347.

— Ls flat, smooth, rough at the edges towards the top.
Fr. without or with faint nerves. — Alp. 6 irrigua Sm. 2348.

64 (61). Fem. spikelets 3—6, very slender, drooping. PI. re¬
sembling C. sylvatica, but distinguished by its nerved

*) The var. tenax Reut. is, according to Christ, found in Graub.
(Plimserstein).

Cyperacere.

397

fr., without a beak or narrowed to a very short truncate
beak. — Damp woods; Olsberg near Bale, Laufenburg,
Giitsch near Lucerne, Frauenthaler Klosterwald ; formerly
near Schoftland where it has been exterminated. 5

strigosa Huds. 2349.

— Fem. spikelets 1 — 3, erect ..... 05

65. Glumes whitish. Bracts scarious, not foliaceous. Ls nar¬
row. — Woods; distrib. but not common. 4

alba Scop. 2350.

— Glumes brown. Bracts foliaceous .... 00

66. Ls glaucous. Fr. with a short, obliquely truncate beak.
— Damp meadows; everywhere. 4 . panicea L. 2351.

— Ls green. Fr. with a longer, incised beak. Sheaths of
the bracts looser than in the last. C. vaginata Tausch.
— High Alp.; upper Engadine ; 0. (Schwabhorn). 6

sparsiflora Stend. 2352.

67 (60). Stem rough. Fem. spikelets erect. — Alp.; G. W.
(Canziano, Zermatt). 7 .* . hispidula Gaud. 23f>3.

— Stem smooth. Fem. spikelets drooping finally . 08

68. Fem. spikelets distant, linear, all long-peduncled, rather

lax. — Damp places in the Alp. and subalp, also lower;
Greux du Van and Dole, in the Jura. 5

ferruginea Scop. 2354.

— Fem. spikelets oblong, dense, the upper ones crowded
and almost sessile. — Alp. and subalp. 7 frigida All. 2355.

69 (42). The top of the male spikelet reached or exceeded
by the top of the upper fem. spikelet. (Stem surrounded
at the base by sheaths without ls or only terminated
by a short point; fem. spikelets lax, linear.) Typo of
C. digitata . . . . . . . .70

— The tips of the fem. spikelets not reaching the top of

the male spikelet ....... 71

70. Fr. as long as. or slightly longer than, the glumes. Sheath
of the upper ls red-brown. — Woods; distrib. 4

digitata L. 2356.

— Fr. distinctly longer than the glumes. PI. gen. smaller

than the last, forming a dense tuft Upper sheath green,
often terminating in a more distinct and slightly spread¬
ing limb. Spikelets shorter, more crowded than in the
last. — Varied with glabr. fr. (v. alpina). *) — Grassy slopes,
road-sides; distrib. 4 . . ornithopoda Willd. 2357.

71. Spikelets all separated from one another by more than

their length ........ 72

— Spikelets, at least the upper ones, more or less crowded 73

*) C. ornithopodioides Hausm. (reclinata Fach.) lias also glabr. fr.
but differs in having blackish brown glumes, and the limbs of its caul, ls
developed. It is found, according to Christ, in Canton Glarus.

398

Cyperacese.

72. Stems 3 — 10 cm, shorter than the Is. Fem. spikelets

composed of 2 — 4 fls.— Dry slopes; fairly distrib. but
not common. 4 humilis Leyss. 2358.

Stem 45 — 90 cw, longer than the Is. Fern, spikelets many-
fld. — Marshes, not common (wanting in T. W.). 6

filiformis L. 2359.

73. Rt-stock stoloniferous ...... 74

— Rt-stock tufted ....... 76*

74. Glumes rounded-obtuse, with a whitish border, very

shortly ciliate or (b. membranacea Hopp.) almost with¬
out cilise. Resembling C. verna. — Dry places, slopes,
rare: Baar, Zurich, Schleitheim, Diessenhofen, Rheineck ;
b. High Alp. 4 ericetorium Poll. 2360.

— Glumes acute or mucronate . . . . 75

75. Fern, spikelets almost sessile; lowest bract foliaceous,
finally spreading almost horizontally. L.-sheaths reddish.
— Damp meadows, woods; distrib. 5 tomentosa L. 2361.

— - Fern spikelets, at any rate the lowest, peduncled. Bracts
scarious, or the lowest foliaceous, but erect-spreading.
L.-sheaths brown. C. prsecox Jacq. not Schreb. — b. nm-
brosa Host. Stem taller, longer than the Is. — Dry pas¬
turages, slopes; everywhere. 3 . verna Vill. 2362.

76 (73). Glumes, especially those of the male spikelet, violet-
black. L.-sheaths red. Ls soft. — Woods; distrib. 5

montana L. 2363.

— Glumes yellowish, or dark, brown . . . 77

77. Fem. spikelets composed of 3 — 5 fls, the lowest al¬

most radical, very long- peduncled. C. gynobasis
Vill. — Dry slopes, rare; W. V. B. Neuchatel, Aarg.
(Geissberg). 3 . . . . Halleriana Asso. 2364.

— Fem. spikelets many-fld, crowded towards the top of

the stem ........ 78

78. Male spikelet slender, oblong-linear; fem. spikelets al¬

most globular. Bracts without sheaths. Stems bent out¬
wards at the time of maturity. — Woods, here and there
(wanting in G. S.). 4 pilulifera L. 2365.

— Male spikelet thick, clavate; fem. spikelets ovoid-oblong
or oblong. Bracts all, or at any rate the lowest, sheath¬
ing. Stems erect, at last shorter than the numerous
long ls. C. polyrrhiza Wallr. — Woods, damp mountain
pasturages, not common (wanting in G. 0. U). 3

longifolia Host. 2366.

79 (41). Fr. hairy. (Fem. spikelets erect) . . . 80

— Fr. glabr. (in C. glauca short-bristly when young, but

fem. spikelets drooping) .... 81

80. Ls flat, 2 — 3 times as broad as the stem, hairy as
also the sheaths. Lower bracts long-sheathing. — Damp
places; everywhere. 5 liirta L. 2367.

Cyperaoese. Graminea;.

399

— Ls channelled, hardly broader than the stem, glabr.

Bracts without or with short sheaths . . 72

81. Fr. without nerves, with a very short, indistinctly emar-

ginate, beak. Type of C. glauca .... 82

— Fr. distinctly nerved, with a distinct, 2-tid beak 83

82. Fern, spikelets cylindric, long-peduncled, drooping, more
rarely short peduncled and erect. Stem gen. glabr. ^Ls
glaucous. — Marshy places, road-sides; everywhere. 4

glauca Murr. 2368.

— Fem. spikelets clavate, thicker towards the top. Other¬

wise as in the last, but fr. longer. — Alp., rare or over¬
looked. 5, 6 . . . clavaeformis Hopp. 2369.

83. Male spikelets yellowish, pale, cylindric, slender. Fr.

convex on both sides, inflated; teeth of the beak
elongated, much narrowed, diverging . . . 84

— Male spikelets dark brown, thicker. Fr. compressed or

conic-3-cornered ; beak rather short, with triangular
prominent teeth ....... 8t>

84. Stem with obtuse angles, entirely smooth (only rough

in the inflorescence). Ls slightly glaucous, narrow (2 — 4 mm
broad, rarely more). C. rostrata With. — Marshes, water¬
side ; distrib. 5 ampullacea Good. 2370.

— Stem with acute angles, rough on the angles. Ls broad
(6 — 8 mm), grass-green. — As the last. 5 vesicaria L. 2371 .

85. Lower glumes of the male spikelets obtuse (rarely all
acute). Stem 40— 90cm. C. Kochiana Dec. (Glumes of
the fem. spikelets long-pointed). C. acutiformis Ehrh.
— Ditches, water-side; distrib. 5 • paludosa Good. 2372.

— Glumes all narrowed to a fine point. Stem 60 — 120 cm.
Marshy meadows, water-side; not common (wanting in

G. T. (J. L.). 5 riparia Curt. 2373.

OBS. Hybrids: C. brizoidex-remota (Ohiniilleriana O. F. Lang); C. mu-

ricata-remota (axillaris Good.).

121. Gramineae. (Grasses.)

610. Andropogon. Andropogon. Ill, 23.

1. Spikes 5 — 10, fa sc i c 1 e d - d i gi ta te , hairy, rather long -
awned — Stony places, hill-sides, distrib. 7

Ischaemum L. 2374.

v 611. Pollinia. Pollinia. Ill, 44.

1. Spikelets in a panicle, 3 together at the tips of the
branches, with a crown of reddish yellow hairs
at the base. Andropogon Gryllus L. — Meadows and dry
pasturages; transalpine Switz. W. V. 6

Gryllus Sprgl. 2375.

400

Gramineae.

612. Heteropogon* Heteropogon. Ill, 13.

1. Spikelets in a simple, dense spike. Awns 6 cm long,
twisted like a cord above. Andropogon Allionii] Dec.
-Rocks; T. 8 .... Allionii R. Sch. 2376.

613. Tragus. Tragus. Ill, 26.

1. Spikelets in a linear panicle, contracted in the form
of a raceme, with small hooked prickles. Ls thickly
ciliate. —Sandy places. W. 6 . racemosus Desf. 2377.

614. Oplismenus. Oplismenus. Ill, 12.

1. Stem and l.-sheaths with long hairs. Ls broad (8 — 12 mm),
wavy. Panicum undulatifolium Ard. — Shady places in

Tess. 7 . undulatifolius Beauv, 2378.

615. Digitaria. Digitaria. Ill, 23.

1. Ls and sheaths almost always glabr. Spikelets elliptic.
Panicum glabrum Gaud. — Cultivated places, road-sides;
scattered, rather rare and variable. 7

filiformis Koel. 2379.

— Ls and sheaths more or less covered with long hairs.

Spikelets oblong-lanceolate, narrower than in the last.
Type of D. sanguinalis ...... 2

2. Lower empty glumella ciliate with stiff hairs on the

lateral nerves. — As the last; Tess., Thun, Solothurn,
Schaffli. &c. 7 .... ciiiaris Koel. 2380.

— Lower empty glumella not ciliate. — As the last; distrib. 7

sanguinalis Scop. 2381.

616. Echinochioa. Echinochloa. Ill, 45.

1. Spikelets shortly peduncled, arranged in false, unilateral
spikes, paniculate in general outline; glumes awned or
not. Panicum Crus ga-lli L., P. Crus corvi Heg. (smaller
form).— Road-sides, manure-heaps; everywhere. 7

Crus galli Beauv. 2382.

617. Panicum. Panicum. Ill, 46.

1. Branches of the panicle rather thick. Stem 40 — 100 cm.
— Cultivated and sometimes subspontaneous. 7

t miliaceum L. 2383.

— Branches of the panicle capillary. Stem 20 — 50 cm. —
Cultivated for ornament and sometimes subspontaneous. 8

t capillare L. 2384.

618. Setaria. Setaria. Ill, 27.

1. Bristles (and the upper part of the stem rough with
small prickles directed downwards, so that the pi.

Graminete.

401

easily clings. Panicle spiciform, gen. interrupted and
as if formed of whorls at the base. — Cultivated land,
rubbish-heaps, road-sides; not common (wanting in U. S.).6

verticillata Beauv. 2385.
Bristles (and the upper part of the stem) more or less
rough with small teeth directed upwards, so that
when stroked upwards the spiciform panicle appears
smooth and does not cling ..... 2

Glumellas of the fertile fls strongly wrinkled transversely.
Spikelets larger than in S. vi r id is- Bristles of a russet
yellow. Stem almost smooth below the panicle, the Is
also less rough than in S. viridis. — As the last, distrib. 6, 7

glauca Beauv. 2386.
Glumellas of the fertile Us smooth or fairly smooth
(only finely wrinkled transversely under the lense) 3
Spiciform panicle large, the thickness of a finger, lobed,
drooping at maturity. Stem erect, 80 — 100 cm. — b. minor
(germanica Beauv). PI. smaller, resembling the follow¬
ing; Is narrower. Axis of the panicle villous with long
hairs. — Cultivated (originally from the east Indies). 7

t italica Beauv. 2387.
Spiciform panicle slenderer, erect. Stems 20 — 50 cm,
ascending ........ 4

Spiciform panicle dense, not interrupted. Bristles nu¬
merous (green or, when exposed to the sun, tinted with
violet). — Cultivated places, rubbish-heaps, road-sides. 6

viridis Beauv. 2388.
Spiciform panicle interrupted at the base (almost as in
S. verticillata, and only differing from it in the small
teeth being directed upwards). Bristles not very nu¬
merous. — As the last, but rare and probably introduced
from the south of Europe; near Lugano, Genova, lvolle,
Aarburg, Bale, Schaffh. &c. 6 . ambigua Guss. 2389.

619. Oryza. Oryza. Ill, 48.

Panicle often not developed and hidden in the upper
sheath. Ls very rough at the edges through the eff'cot
of small prickles directed downwards at the base of the
leaf, upwards near the tip. Leersia oryzoides Soland. —
Swamp ditches, water-sides; distrib. but not common. 8

clandestina A. Br. 2390.

620. Phalaris. Phalaris. Ill, 31, 47.

Spikelets arranged in a panicle which is gen. tinted
with red and spreading during the flowering period.
Glumes not winged. — Ditches, water-sides, distrib.; a
variety having the ls streaked longitudinally with white
(v. picta, ribbon-grass) is cultivated in gardens, rarely
wild. 6 . arundinacea L. 2391.

402

Oraminese.

— Spikelets arranged in a dense spiciform panicle, whitish
with 2 green streaks on each side. Glumes with a winged
keel. — Cultivated (to feed canaries). 6 f canariensis L. 2392.

621. Hierochloa. Holygrass. Ill, 53.

1. Spikelets in a spreading panicle, brownish yellow. —
Water-sides, very rare; near Zurich (on an island in
the Limmat between Altstetten and Hongg) and near
Einsiedeln. 4, 5 . . borealis R. Sch. 2393.

622. Anthoxanthum. Anthoxanth. II, 13. Ill, 32.

1. Spikelets arranged in a loose spiciform panicle. PI. when
dry, giving off a scent of woodruff*. — b. alpinum Gaud.
(longearistatum Celak?). Ls glabr. ; awns much longer.
(Alp. and descending to the plains in Tess ) — Meadows,
pasturages; everywhere. 4 . . odoratum L. 2394.

623. Alopecurus. Fox-tail. Ill, 29.

1. Spiciform panicle narrowed at both ends. Glumes very
shortly ciliate on the keel. — -Fields of the Swiss plateau. 6

agrestis L. 2395.

— Spiciform panicle cvlindric, obtuse . . . 2

2. Glumes united almost to the middle. Stems erect, or

only jointed-ascending at the base, 40 — 100 cm. — Damp
meadows; not common and partly only introduced (want¬
ing in T. W.). 5 pratensis L. 2396.

— Glumes only united by the base. Stems prostrate at

the base, then jointed-ascending, or floating (in the
water). Type of A. geniculatus . ... 3

3. Spikelets 3 mm, obovate. Anthers light brown after flower¬

ing. — Marshy ditches; not everywhere (wanting in G. T.
L .). 5 . geniculatus L. 2397.

— Spikelets 2 mm, oblong-elliptic (slightly contracted above).
Awn inserted about the middle of the glumella, not, or
scarcely, exceeding the glumes. Anthers orange-yellow
after flowering. — As the last; fairly distrib. 5

fulvus Sm. 2398.

624. Phleum. Cat’s-tail-grass. Ill, 32.

1. Spiciform panicle thinner above, showing, when bent,

a lobed ramification. Spikelets with a rudimentary second
fl. in the form of a small pedicel placed at the base of
the upper glumella. Cliilochloa . ... 2

— Spiciform panicle obtuse, remaining cylindric when bent.

Spikelets without a second rudimentary fl. . . 4

2. Glumes wedge-shaped, almost horizontally truncate,
thickened at the top, the keel rough-tubercular. Ann.
pis. Stems 15 — 25 on, lower than in the following, leafy

Qraminew.

403

almost up to the panicle. — Waste ground, fallow-ground,
not common; T. W. Y. L. Z. S. 5 asperum Jacq. 2399.

— Glumes linear-oblong or lanceolate. Peronn. pis 3

3. Glumes linear-oblong, spotted-tubercular, the keel not,

or more or less, long-ciliate. As the last; not every¬
where (wanting in U. L. A.). 6 Boehmeri Wib. 2400.

— Glumes lanceolate, smooth, long-ciliate on the keel.
Ph. hirsutum Sut. — Alp. and Jura 7 Michelii All. 2401.

4 (1). Sheath of the highest leaf not, or scarcely, inflated. Awn
1 ;3 — 1 / 2 (rarely almost of the same length) as long as
the glume. — b. nodosum L (intermedium Jord., inter¬
mediate between the var. and the type). Stem thickened
in a tubercle at the base; spiciform panicle shorter. —
Meadows, pasturages, everywhere; b. very dry places. 6

pratense L. 2402.

Sheath of the highest 1. slightly swollen-inflated. Awn
as long, or almost as long, as the glume. Spiciform pa¬
nicle dull violet, gen. shorter than in the last, thick,
ovoid or slightly cylindric. — b. commutation Gaud. Awn
not ciliate; sheath of the highest leaf longer than the limb.
— Alp., subalp. and Jura. 6 . . alpinum L. 2403.

624a. Mibora. Mibora. Ill, 20a.

1. A tufted, dwarf grass. Spikelets gen. of a reddish violettint.
Chamagrostis minima Borkli. — Andelfingen : Bachtold. 3, 4

minima Desv. 2403. b

625. Cynodon. Cynodon. Ill, 22.

1. Rt-stock long-creeping, jointed, which, together with
the exactly digitate false spike, allows it to be easily
distinguished from the genus Digitaria. — Sandy, waste
ground, road-sides; T. W. V. J. U. Z. 7

Dactylon Pers. 2404.

626. Milium. Milium. Ill, 51.

1. Panicle loose, spreading. Spikelets small, on capillary
branches. Ls broad. — Woods; distrib. 5 effusum L. 2405.

627. Stipa. Stipa. Ill, 35.

1. Awn 20 — 30 cm long, plumose. — Dry hills and rocky
places along the Alpine chain. 5 . pennata L. 240b.

— Awn 10 — 15cm long, rough (not plumose).— As the last;

G. W. V. 6 . capillata L. 2407.

628. Lasiagrostis. Lasiagrostis. Ill, 49.

1. Spikelets arranged in a spreading panicle, yellowish
with a silvery sheen — Rocky places in the mount, and
subalp,, here and there (wanting in Z. ? S.) 6

Calamagrostis Link. 2408.

404

Graminese.

629. Polypogon. Beardgrass. Ill, 28.

1. Spikelets arranged in a dense panicle, oblong-cylin-
dric. — Waste places, near Freibg. , probably intro¬
duced. 6 . . . . *monspeliensis Desv. 2409.

630. Agrostis. Bent-grass. Ill, 51.

1. Lower glume shorter than the upper. Awn 3 — several

times as long as the spikelet. Apera. . , . 2

— Lower glume longer than the upper. Awn 0 or, at the

most, twice as long as the spikelet ... 3

2. Panicle (large) spreading, ovoid. Anthers linear-oblong.
Stem with 3 — 5 nodes. A. purpurea Gaud. (Spikelets
less numerous, purplish.) — Among the corn; distrib. 6

Spica venti L. 2410.

— Panicle contracted, narrow, gen. interrupted. Anthers

orbicular-oval. Stem with 2 nodes. — As the last; western
Switz. 6 . interrupla L. 2411.

3. Ls all flat. Upper glumella present. Awn gen. 0 4

— Ls, at least the rad., folded-bristly. Upper glumella 0 or
very small. Awn gen. present. (Ligules oblong.) 5

4. Ligule (especially of the lower leaf) very short, truncate.
Panicle (gen. violet) with an oblong-oval outline, and ca¬
pillary branches; pedicels spreading in every way. —
Grassy places, woods, water-side ; everywhere. 6

vulgaris With. 2412.
Ligule oblong (2 — 3 mm long). Panicle narrower in pro¬
portion than in the last, oblong-conic in contour, with
rather stronger branches; pedicels spreading at an acute
angle, only directed to the side and downwards, which
makes the half-whorls appear more distant. Ls broader.
A. stolonifera Koch. — As the last. 6 . alba L. 2418.

5. Awn inserted t o w a r d s th e b as e of the lower glumella.

(Branches of the panicle rough) .... 6*

— Awn inserted about the middle of the lower glu¬
mella (rarely 0) ...... 7

6 Panicle oval in contour. Stem 10 — 30 cm. — Rocky places
of the Alp. 7 . alpina Scop. 2414.

— Panicle lanceolate in contour. Stem 25 — 45 cm. — As the
last; Alp. (V.) and Jura (Reculet and Faucille). 7

Schleicheri Jord. 2415.

7. Branches of the panicle rough. Stem 20 — 50 cm. — Varied:
Awn gen. notched, exceeding the spikelet, or some¬
times straight and shorter, or 0. — Damp places, swamps;
distrib. but not common (wanting in G. U.). 7 canina L. 2416.

— Branches of the panicle smooth. Stem 10 — 20 cm. Spike¬
lets smaller than in A. alpina. — Alp. 7 rupestris All. 2417

OBS. Hybrid: A. canina-vulgaris (Merc.).

Gramineie.

405

631. Calamagrostis. Smallreed. Ilf, 33, 49, 50.

1. Glumellas membraneous, white-translucent. Axis of the

spikelet not prolonged above the fl. Awns straight,
rarely 0 ........ 2

Glumellas of a firmer consistency, white-translucent
only at the edges. Axis of the spikelet prolonged above
the fl. in the form of a pedicel (rudiment of a second
fl.). Deyeuxia. ........ G

2. Hairs not numerous, about 1 ;s the length of the glu¬

mellas. Stem 40 — 60cm. PI. more delicate than the
following species, with the habit of an Agrostis, whence
it is named by Gaud.: Agrostis pilosa. Spikelets with
or without awns. — Alp. and subalp. 7 tenella Host. 2418.
Hairs numerous, as long as, or longer than, the glu¬
mellas. Stem 60 — 150 cm . .... 3

3. Glumes narrow-lanceolate, acuminate. (Panicle loose,

the branches fairly distributed. Stem fairly smooth below
the panicle) ........ 4

— Glumes linear-subulate, narrowed to a laterally com¬
pressed point ........ 3

4. Awn terminal, inserted in the cleft of the glumolla,
very short and scarcely exceeding the cleft. C. Gaudi-
niana Ilchb. — Swamps, rather rare (wanting in G. S.). 7

lanceolata Roth. 2419.

— Awn inserted below the middle of the back, as long as,

or rather shorter than, the glumella. — Alp. and subalp.,
not common. 7 Halleriana Dec. 2420.

5. Panicle loose, rather drooping, with equally distributed
spikelets. Awn terminal. — Varied: Stem very rough
below the panicle, or (b. laxa Host.) fairly smooth, the
spikelets, at the same time, more finoly and longer pedi-
celled. — River-shores; here and there (wanting in S.). 7

litorea Dec. 2421.

— Panicle stiff, erect, lobed on account of the clustered
spikelets. Awn inserted at the middle of the back or
lower.— Water-side, woods; distrib. 7 Epigeios Roth. 2422.

6 (1). Awn straight. Panicle narrow, stiff, brownish violet.
C. stricta Nutt. — Peat-mosses; Pontarlier (French Jura)
and Radolfzell (lake of Constance). 7 * neglecta Fr. 2423.

— Awn notched ........ 7

7. Hairs as long or almost as long as the glumellas. Awns

gen. slightly exceeding (by 3 mm at most) the glumes,
prominent or enclosed. C. montana Dec. — b. acutiflora
Dec. PI. taller, glumes narrower, hairs shorter. — Woods;
distrib. 7 . varia Link. 2424.

— Hairs only l/s — l/i the length of the glumellas. Awns
gen. much longer than the glumes. C. sylvatica Dec. —

406

Gramme®.

b. montana Host. Hairs longer; awn shorter. — Woods of
the mount, and subalp., rarer than the last; T. V. B.
O. Z. L. (wanting in the Jura). 7 arundinacea Roth. 2425.

632. Gastridium. Nitgrass. Ill, 33.

1. Spiciform panicle oblong-lanceolate, with a silken sheen.
Spikelets with a long awn, more rarely (v. muticum)
awnless. — Fields, after hay; Geneva. 5

lendigerum Gaud. 2426.

633. Phragmites. Phragmites. Ill, 53.

1. Stem up to 3 wi in height. Spikelets gen. brownish violet,
rarely (v. flavescens) brownish yellow. — Swampy meadows,
water-sides; everywhere. 8 . . communis L. 2427,

634. Sesleria. Sesleria. HI, 36.

1. Lower glumella terminated by 2 — 4 setaceous teeth, and
an awn springing from the midst of them. Ls flat. — Rocky
wooded slopes; distrib. 3 . . coerulea Ard. 2428.

— Lower glumella awnless or short-mucronate. Ls filiform.
Oreochloa disticha Link. — Alp. (wanting in Y. B. 0.). 7

disticha Pers- 2429.

— Lower glumella indented at the tip, with a short awn
or spine springing from the indentation. Ls obtuse,
narrow-linear. — Alp., on granite; Tess.; rare. 7, 8

sphaerocephala Ard, 2429.a

635. Koeleria. Koeleria. Ill, 41.

1. Lower glumella awned, the tip undiv. or shortly 2-fid.
Stem tomentose above. — Alp.; G. T. W. U. 7

hirsuta Gaud. 2430.

— Lower glumella awnless, not or shortly mucronate 2

2. The dried l.-sheaths wearing finally into a thick net¬
work of fibres. Rad. ls rolled up, setaceous, glabr. —
Hills; T. W. ; Aigle, Neuchatel. 6 valesiaca Gaud. 2431.

— The dried l.-sheaths not forming a fibrous net-work.
Ls flat, the lower ones, as well as the l.-sheaths, hairy.
— b. gracilis Pers. A narrow panicled form or species!
Wall.— Pasturages, hills; distrib. 6 cristata Pers. 2432.

636. Deschampsia. Deschampsia. Ill, 59.

1. Awn distinctly jointed, sensibly longer than the glu¬
mella. Ls almost setaceous. Branches of the panicle
3-forked, wavy. Spikelets shining, of a violet brown.
— Varied with the panicle more contracted (v. montana
L.). — Wood-sides, especially in the mount, and Alp.;
distrib. 6 . flexuosa Trin. 2433.

Gfaminea;.

407

— Awn fairly straight, gen. shorter than the gluniella or

scarcely exceeding it (rarely 0) 2

2. Panicle pyramidal, the axis and branches more or less
scabrous. Spikelets 3 — 5 mm long, variegated with brown,
white and violet, or, in the shade (v. altissima Lam.),
yellowish green, 2- (rarely 3-) lid. — Varied with larger
and darker spikelets, and the awns rather longer: b. lito-
ralis Gaud. — Damp, grassy places, woods; distrib. b. by
the lake of Geneva and the Rhine below Schaffh. 6

caespitosa Beauv. 2434.

— Panicle narrower and longer than in the last, often inter¬
rupted; axis and branches smooth. Spikelets much larger,
6 — 8 mm, less numerous, gen. variegated with yellow and
light brown, composed of 3 and indeed 4 Us. — Sand-
beds by the Rhine near Schalfh. 5, 6 rhenana Grml. 2435.

637. Holcus. Holcus. Ill, 57.

1. Awn curved like a hook, scarcely prominent. L. -sheaths
covered with soft, spreading hairs. — Dry meadows; dis¬
trib. 6 ...... lanatus L. 2436.

— Awn jointed, prominent. L. -sheaths gen. glabr. — Woods,

fields; rarer than the last. 6 . . mollis L. 2437.

638. Arrhenatherum. False-oat. Ill, 57.

1. Panicle rather narrow. Spikelets (without the awn)
8 — 9 mm, gen. 2-fld, the lower male fl. with a long, al¬
most rad., awn, the upper hermaphr. fl. with a short,
almost terminal awn. — b. tuberosum Gilib. The 2 — 3 lower
nodes of the stem swollen like tubercles. Meadows,
road-sides; distrib.; b. fields. 6, 7 elatius M. K. 2438.

639. Avena. Oat. Ill, 60.

1. Spikelets (at least after flowering) drooping. Glumes

with 5 — 9 nerves. Ann. pis ..... 2

— Spikelets erect Glumes with 1 — 3 nerves. Perenn. pis fi

2. FIs jointed on the axis of the spikelets and falling off’

at maturity. Axis of the spikelet, as also the lower glu-
mella, with reddish yellow hairs from the base to
the middle, rarely (v. ambigua Schonh. A. hybrida Koch
not Peterm.) glabr. — Corn-fields; not everywhere (want¬
ing in U. L.). 7 .... fatua L. 2439.

— FIs not jointed on the axis and not falling off. Axis
glabr. or only hairy at the base of the lower fl. 3

3. Spikelets gen. 3-fld. Lower glumella herbaceous-mem¬

branous, marked with strong nerves from the base to
the tip. — Rare. 6 t nuda L. 2440.

— Spikelets gen. 2-fld. Lower glumella leathery, with dis¬
tinctly prominent nerves only towards the top . 4

408 Gramlnere.

4. Lower glumella 2-fid, each of the points ending in a
straight awn. — Rare; among the cultivated corn. 6

strigosa Schreb. 2441.

— Lower glumella shortly 2-fid and often denticulate, but

the points not terminated by awns ... 5

5. Panicle spreading in every direction. — Cultivated and

sometimes subspontaneous. 6 . . f sativa L. 2442.

— Panicle unilateral, with applied branches. — As the last. 6

f orientalis Schreb. 2448.

6 (1). Lower branches of the panicle 4 — 5 together. Spike-
lets 2 — 3-fld (15 — 20 mm long, without the awn), each
with 3 dorsal awns fairly equal in length. Sheaths of
the lower Is hairy, rarely glabr. — Meadows and pas¬
turages; everywhere. 5 . . pubescens Huds. 2444.

— Lower branches of the panicle 1 — 2 together. Spikelets

containing 4 — 5 As. L. -sheaths glabrous . . 7

7. Ls very rough above. Panicle narrow, almost linear.
Spikelets still larger than in the last, with a silvery
sheen and slightly variegated with reddish brown. — Arid
slopes, wood-sides; not very common (wanting in L.). 6

pratensis L. 2445.

— Ls fairly smooth above. Panicle ovoid-oblong. Spikelets
variegated with brown, yellow and violet, rarely uni¬
formly yellow. A. versicolor Vill. — Alp. 7

Scheuchzeri All. 2446.

640. Trisetum. Trisetum. Ill, 60, 38.

1. Panicle spiciform, contracted. Stem hairy at the top 2

— Panicle spreading, loose. Stem glabrous . . 3

2. Spikelets yellowish green. Hairs at the base of the f ls
almost as long as the fls themselves. Avena Cavanillesii
Koch. — Sandy places; W. (Sierre, St. Leonard Montorge,
between Fully and Saillon). 4 Gaudinianum Boiss. 2447.

— Spikelets variegated with violet, green and yellow. Hairs
at the base of the fls much shorter than the fls them¬
selves. — High Alp.; not common. 7

subspicatum Beauv. 2448.

3. Rt-stock short, tufted. Lower ls gen. hairy. Spikelets very

numerous) greenish yellow. — Meadows; everywhere up
to the Alp. where the spikelets are variegated with
violet (v. variegatum). 6 . flavescens Beauv. 2449.

— • Rt-stock elongated, branchy. Ls glabr., distichous. Spike¬
lets variegated. Type of T. distichophyllum . . 4

4. Hairs at the base of the ls half as long as the ls. Ls

rather stiff — Stony places and slips of the Alp.; comp,
the following! 7 . . distichophyllum Beauv. 2450.

— Hairs at the base of the Is at most 1/s the length of the
Is. Ls soft. — As the last and hitherto confused with it,

Gramme®.

409

by preference on the southern Alp. (Grimsel, Mt. Gene-
roso). 7 . argenteum R. Sch. 2451.

641. Aira. Aira. Ill, 60, 38.

1. Panicle contracted in the form of a spike. Stem 5 — 15 cm.

— Uncultivated, sandy places; W. (St. Leonard: Thomas,
Jaccard). 4 . praecox L. 2452.

— Panicle spread out. Type of A. caryophyllea L. . 2

2. Spikelets (almost 3 mm long) oblong, rather distant from

one another. Stem 10 — 20 cm. Not unlike small speci¬
mens of 2433. — Uncultivated, sandy places; rare; T. V.
J. (comp, the following). 5 . caryophyllea L. 2453. *)

— Spikelets smaller and rather more swollen than in the
last. Slightly crowded in clusters. Stems taller, gen.
more numerous. A. aggregata Tim — As the last and

hitherto confused with it; Y . ? G, almost a month

later . multiculmis Dum. 2454.

642. Danthonia. Danthonia. Ill, 61.

1. Lower glumella shortly 3-toothed at the top (or, more
correctly, shortly 2-toothed with a very short awn like
a third tooth). Stem prostrate-ascending. Triodia dec.
Beauv. — Pasturages, especially in the mount, and sub¬
alp.; not common. 6 . . decumbens Dec. 2455.

— Lower glumella 2-fid at the top, with subulate points;
awn longer, twisted at the base. Stem erect. — Tess.
(casina di Meride up to the top of S. Giorgio). 5

provincialis Dec. 2456.

643. Melica. Melic. Ill, 39, 64.

1. Lower glumella long ciliate-villous at the edges. (Panicle
contracted to the form of a spike, cylindric.) Type of
M. ciliata. See N. Beitr. Ill, 51 . . . 2

— Lower glumella glabr. ...... 3

2- Panicle dense, uninterrupted. Glumes very unequal, the

lower considerably shorter than the upper. M. transylvanica
Schur. — Hills, rocky places; Hohentwiel, Alsace. 6

* ciliata L. 2457.

— Panicle looser, finally almost unilateral Glumes not
very unequal, the lower slightly shorter than the upper.
Stem slenderer; Is rolled up, setaceous. M. nebrodensis
auct.— As the last; fairly distrib. (wanting in L. S.). 6

glauca F. Schultz. 2458.

3. Spikelets erect, with a single fertile fl. Ligule opposite
to the leaf, lanceolate-subulate. — Woods ; distrib. 6

uniflora Retz. 2459.

*) A. Cupaniana Guss., according; to Schmidely, near Coppet, prob¬
ably adventitious.

28

410

Graminea-.

— Spikelets drooping, with 2 fertile fls. Ligule in the
1 -axil, scarcely visible. — Woods ; everywhere. 6

nutans L. 2460.

644. Briza. Quake-grass. Ill, 65.

1. Panicle with capillary branches. Spikelets cordate-oval,
beautifully variegated with violet, rarely pale yellow. —
Dry meadows; everywhere. 5, 6 . . media L. 2461.

645. Eragrostis. Eragrostis. Ill, 67.

1. Branches of the panicle very slender, the lower ones
4 — 5 together. Spikelets small, narrow (8 — 5 mm long).
— Sandy places ; G. T. W. V., Bale, Zurich, Sarnen. 7

pilosa Beauv. 2462.

— Branches of the panicle stronger, the lower 1 — 2 to¬
gether ......... 2

2. Spikelets oblong-linear, large (8 — 12 mm long), rather
dense. E. megastachya Link. — As the last; V., rare. 7

major Host. 2463.

— Spikelets lanceolate-linear, narrower and shorter than

in the last, more distant from one another. E. poeaeoides
Beauv. — As the last; G. T. W. V. Bale, Soloth., Aargau,
Lucerne, Rapperswyl, Schaffh., partly, like the 2 last,
introduced. 7 . minor Host. 2464.

646. Sclerochloa. Sclerochloa. Ill, 41.

1. Panicle dense, spiciform; spikelets very shortly ped-
uncled, awnless, variegated with green and white. Poa
dura Scop. — Road-sides ; Lower Wall. 5 dura Beauv. 2465.

647. Poa. Poa. Ill, 71.

1. Stem thickened at the base like a bulb, or more or

less swollen by the sheaths which surround it. (Branches
of the panicle gen. 1 — 2 together) ... 2

— Stem not thickened at the base . ... 4

2. Ligule of the lower leaf short, truncate, that of the upper

1. oblong, acute. Spikelets often changed to leafy buds
(v, vivipara). Ls fairly broad, linear. — Alp., subalp. and
Jura. 6, 7 . alpina L. 2466.

— Ligules of all the ls oblong, acute ... 3

3. Spikelets containing 4 — 6 fls, slightly swollen, gen.

changed to leafy buds. Ls narrow linear. Panicle less
spreading than in the last during the flowering period.
Fls united at the base by abundant cottony hairs. —
Pasturages, road-sides; fairly distrib. but not every¬
where. 5 . bulbosa L. 2467.

— Spikelets containing 6 — 10 fls, compressed, the fls very
crowded (recalling those of Eragrostis!), never vivi-

Gramme®.

411

parous. PI. forming a dense tuft; Is rolled up; panicle
dense. — Dry slopes; W. (Branson, Sion &c.). 4

concinna Gaud. 2468.

4 (1). Stem and 1. -sheaths compressed-ancipitate . 3

— Stems and sheaths, at all events the stems, cylindric,

rarely the stems slightly compressed ... 8

5. Rt-stock with elongated stolons. L. -sheaths almost smooth.
Lower branches of the panicle gen. 2 — 3 together (in
b. Langeana Rchb. 4—5). Stems 20 — 40 cm, arched-as¬
cending.— Fields, walls; distrib. 6 compressa L. 2569.

— Rt-stock without or with short stolons. L.-sheaths rough.
Lower branches of the panicle gen. 4—5 together (i

6. Ligules oblong, acute. Stem 40 — 50 cm . . 13

— Ligules short, obtuse. Stem 70 — 100 cm . . 7

7. Ls linear-lanceolate, broad (5 — 10 mm), suddenly acumi¬

nate at the top and cap-shaped. P. Chaixi Vill — Alp.,
subalp. and Jura. 6 sudetica Hank. 2470.

— Ls longer than in the last, narrowed insensibly, very

acute. — As the last; western Switz., especially in the
Jura. 6 . Iiybrida Gaud. 2471.

8 (4). Rt-stock with elongated stolons ... if

— Rt-stock without or with short stolons . . 10

9. Lower branches of the panicle gen. 4 — 5 together. Li¬
gules short, truncate. — Varied: rad. ls (b. angustifolia L.),
rarely all (c. strigosa Hojffm.) folded-setaceous, or ls
shorter, broader and glaucous (d. humilis Ehrh, .); the
stem rarely compressed-ancipitate (e. anceps Gaud.).—
Meadows, pasturages, walls; everywhere 5

pratensis L. 2472.

— Lower branches of the panicle gen. 2 — 3 together. Li¬

gules of the upper Is oval. Ls of the stolons disti¬
chous. P. cenisia Koch., P. flexuosa Wahlb. — b. Halle-
ridis R. Sch. Spikelets greenish (not coloured); glumes
broader, oval-lanceolate (Rap.). — Stony places of the Alp.;
Hasenmatt in the Jura. 7 . distichophylla Gaud. 2473

10 (8). Branches of the panicle almost or entirely smooth,
the lower ones 1 — 2 together. (Ligules oblong) . 11

— Branches of the panicle rough, the lower 4 — 5 together,

in poor specimens also 3 — 2 . . . 13

11. Branches of the panicle spreading horizontally, finally
bent downwards. Ann. pi. or, in high lying districts,
where the spikelets are coloured dirty violet, the pro¬
strate and rooting stem (b .supina Schrad.) living through
the winter. — Grassy places, road-sides; everywhere. 4 — 10

annua L. 2474

— Branches of the panicle erect-spreading. Perenn. pis 12

12. Panicle with almost capillary branches (which tremble
when the pi. is held in the hand). Spikelets containing

412

Graminese.

4 — 5 tis; glumes shorter than the spikelet. The upper
1. shorter than its sheath. — High Alp. 7 minor Gaud. 2475.

— Panicle with filiform branches (but firmer). Spikelets

containing 2 — 3 fls (sometimes yellowish); glumes as
long as the spikelet. The upper 1. as long as, or longer
than, its sheath. — High Alp. 7 . laxa Hank. 2476.

13 (10). Ligules oblong, gen. acute .... 14

— Ligules short, truncate, or the upper oval . . 15

14. L.-sheaths rough, rarely smooth, the upper one longer
than its leaf. Glumellas distinctly nerved, not spotted.
Stem rough towards the top. — b. rubescens Rent. (Lake
of Geneva). — Damp places, ditches; everywhere. 6

trivialis L. 2477.

— L.-sheaths smooth, rarely rather rough, the upper as
long as, or gen. shorter than, its 1. Glumellas faintly
nerved, with a spot of yellowish brown. Stem smooth
towards the top. P. fertilis Host., P. palustris Roth. —
Damp meadows; here and there (wanting in G. T. W.). 6

serotina Ehrh. 2478.

15. L.-sheaths shorter than the internodes, the upper one

shorter than its 1., the nodes, in consequence, not
covered. — Very variable; gen. not very firm, the caul.
Is spreading horizontally, and the spikelets containing
2 — 1 fls. The form exposed to the sun (b. firmula Gaud.)
stiffer, the spikelets containing 3 — 5 fls; the mountain
form (c. montana Gaud.): spikelets less numerous, but
larger and supported by longer, slenderer pedicels;
rarely (d. glauca Gaud.) the Is glaucous. — Woods, walls,
rocks; everywhere. 6 nemoralis L. 2473.

— L.-sheaths longer than the internodes, consequently

covering the nodes, the upper one longer than its leaf
PI. of a sea-green. — Rocky places in the Alp. and sub¬
alp.; rare; Creux du Van; Morcles? Gemmi? Bagnethal
at Lancet: Yetter; Tzermontanaz : Schneider; Piz Pa-
della, 7 . . caesia Sm. 2480.

648. Glyceria. Glyceria. Ill, 71.

1. Lower glumella 5-nerved. Lower branches of the pa¬
nicle reflexed after flowering. — Damp places; W. Y.
(Sion, Yiege; Chatelaine near Geneva). 5, 6

distans Wah!b. 2481.

— Lower glumella 7-nerved ..... 2

2. Stem erect, tube-like, 10 — 20 dm. Ls linear-lanceolate

(10-r-20 mm broad). Panicle spreading equally in all
directions, the branches numerous. G. spectabilis M. K.
— Ditches and water-sides in the Swiss plateau (wanting
in G. T. W. U.). 6 ... aquatica Wahlb. 2482.

Gramme®.

413

— Stem more or less prostrate at the base, 4—9 din. Ls

linear. Panicle more or less distinctly unilateral. Type
of G. fluitans ........ 3

3. Panicle distinctly unilateral; branches spreading hori¬
zontally during the flowering period, the lower ones
gen. 2 together. Spikelets (with silvery white edges
to the glumes) 20—30 mm\ glumellas oblong-lanceolate,
subacute, distant. Anthers pale violet. —Ditches ; distrib.5

fluitans R. Br. 2483.

— Panicle spreading in almost every direction, broader

than in the last, the joints closer together: branches
spreading, the lower ones 3 — 5 together. Spike-
lets more numerous and shorter (about 15 mm). Glu¬
mellas oval-oblong, rather obtuse, crowded. Anthers
yellow.— As the last . . . plicata Fr. 2484.

649. Catabrosa. Catabrose. Ill, 69.

1. Panicle spreading uniformly Spikelets small (3 mm),
tinted with violet. Glyceria airoides Rclib. — Marsh-ditches ;
inundated places; here and there. 6 aquatica Beauv. 2485.

650. Molinia. Molinia. Ill, 63, 66.

1. Stem with only 1 —2 nodes (close together) quite at the
base, with neither nodes nor ls above. Spikelets
not awned, gen. dark violet, rarely yellow, in a large
wood form (v. arundinacea Schrank.) mostly greenish.
— Marshy meadows, damp woods; distrib. 6

coerulea Monch. 2486.

— Stem leafy up to the panicle. Spikelets shortly awned.
Diplachne serotina Link. — Slopes; T. W. V. 8

serotina M. K. 2487.

651. Dactylis. Cock’s-foot. Ill, 54.

1. Panicle lobed, unilateral, with clustered spikelets; the
branches bare for some distance at the base, less often
(v. liispanica Roth.) the panicle is entirely contracted,
spiciform. — Meadows, road-sides; everywhere. 6

glomerata L. 2488.

652. Cynosurus. Dog’s-tail. Ill, 34.

1. Spiciform panicle linear. Spikelets awnless. — Meadows,
pasturages; distrib. 6 . . cristatus L. 2489.

Spiciform panicle oval. Spikelets long-awned. — Fields;
T. W., also sometimes here and there adventitious. 5

echinatus L." 2490.

653. Scleropoa. Scleropoa. Ill, 68.

1. Panicle dense, stiff, the spikelets supported by short,
thick, 3-cornered pedicels. Festuca rigida Kuntli. — Sandy
places, road-sides; T. W. V. 5 . rigida Griseb. 2491.

414

Gramineae.

654. Vulpia. Vulpia. I, 5. Ill, 40.

1. Lower glumella long-ciliate. Festuca myurus Koch.—
Sandy places; Geneva, very rare. 6 ciliata Link. 2492.

— Lower glumella not ciliate ..... 2

2. Stem 30 — 40cm, leafy up to the panicle. Panicle elongated,
drooping at the top. Upper glume distinctly shorter
than the glumella of the fl. immediately above it. Festuca
myurus L. ex Duval-Jouve. — Dry, sandy and grassy
places; Z., southern and western Switz.; and sometimes
adventitious in other parts. 5 pseudomyurus Soy. -Will. 2493.

— Stem 20 — 30 cm, leafless below the panicle. Panicle
shorter, erect. Upper glume almost reaching the awn
of the next glumella. Festuca bromoides Sm. Koch not
L. — As the last; Geneva, Bale, Rheinfelden. 5

sciuroides Rchb. 2494.

655. Festuca. Fescue. Ill, 63, 70.*)

1. Shoots much thickened at the base (almost like a bulb).
Spikelets brownish yellow. — Alp.; Tess. 6

spadicea L, 2495.

— Shoots not thickened at the base . ... 2

2. Ls (also when fresh) all, or at least the rad. ones,

folded-setaceous or folded-filiform . 3

— Ls, at least when fresh, all flat (comp. F. pulchella) 13

3. Ligule very short, bi-auricled, i. e. prolonged on

each side to a small lobule ..... 4

— Ligule truncate or elongated and oblong, but not bi-

auricled. (A high Alpine pi. : Spikelets gen. variegated
with violet, more rarely yellowish) ... 11

4. Ls all folded-setaceous. Shoots (barren l.-clusters) intra-
vaginal ( i . e. found during growth between the axil and
sheath): rt-stock consequently forming a de n s e tuft 5

— Caul, ls flat, or at any rate channelled-open (but some¬

times very narrowly). Shoots partly, at any rate, extra-
vaginal ( i . e. springing obliquely and piercing the
sheath). Type of F. rubra ..... .9

— Comp. F. rubra trichophylla (with filiform ls, but stoloni-
ferous), F. rubra fallax (densely ceespitose, but caul, ls
flat), and F. violacea genuina (densely csespitose and ls
almost filiform).

5. The closed lower half of the sheath with a deep, narrow
furrow. Ovary hairy at the top. Stem 50 — 80 cm. Ls
filiform, long. Panicle lax, often tinted with amethyst
blue. Spikelets unarmed, rarely with very short awns.

*) Comp. N. Beitr. Ill, 36.

Graminese.

415

F. ovina vaginata Koch. — Dry hilly places, pine- woods;
Bex, Aigle, Tombey (Jaccard). above Lausanne (Favrat),
Geneva, Axenstrasse, Uto, Albis, Hbrnli. 7

amethystina L. 2496.

— The closed part of the sheath not furrowed. Ovary
glabr. Type of F. ovina ..... G

6. Anthers 1 mm long at most. Stems 8 — 12 cm, entirely

smooth as also the soft filiform Is. Panicle short, racemose.
Spikelets rather small, green, containing 2 — 3 fls. Lower
glumella subulate-lanceolate. Awn half as long as the
glumella. — High Alp. 7 . . . alpina Sut. 2497.

— Anthers longer (l1 2 — 3 mm) ..... 7

7. Sheaths of the shoots closed to the top or at any rate

to above the middle. Sheaths entirely smooth, as also
the green, filiform Is. Panicle gen. in the form of a
rather dense raceme. Spikelets variegated with violet.
Awn often as long as the glumella. — Alp., especially on
the southern chain. 7 . . Halleri All. 2498.*)

— Sheaths only closed at the base (rarely in the lower
third part), cleft throughout the remainder of their
length ......... S

8. Ls cylindric, when dry convex at the sides, smooth or

rather rough. Ring of the sclerenchyma closed. — a. ca-
yillata Lam. Ls almost capillary; spikelets small, un¬
armed. — b. vulgaris Koch. The same characters but
awns l;4 — Vs the length of the glumella. — c. duriuscula L.
Stem stouter; spikelets larger; ls more thickened,
green or rather glaucous, sometimes (v. curvula) curved
or (v. crassifolia) thicker, rush-like. — d. glauca Lam.
As the var. c , but ls and sheaths more or less prui-
nose. "With this form is connected as v. major: F.
vaginata Gaud, not W. K. - Pasturages, hills, rocks:
d. less common. 5 . . . . . ovina L. 2499.

— Ls compressed laterally and, when dry, furrowed, gen.

very rough. Ring of the sclerenchyma interrupted. —
a. tgyica. Ls capillary, pruinose; spikelets small (smaller
than in F. glauca); lower glumella lanceo-late-subu-
late. — b. sulcata Hack, (duriuscula Host, not L.). Ls
slightly thicker, not pruinose; spikelets rather larger;
glumellas broader.— Dry , sunny places; W. ; b. Pont-
resina in the Engadine. 5 valesiaca Schl. 2500.

9(4). Shoots more or less prolonged in subterranean
stolons. Ovary glabr. at the top. — a. genuina. PI. more
or less creeping, forming a loose tuft; ls of the shoots

*) F. rupicaprina Hack., dift’ering ill its ls only having 5 vascular

bundles (instead of 7), its spikelets pruinose, and its awns shorter, on the

cale Alps (Pilatus, Frohnalpstock).- F. dura Host, on the eastern frontiers

near Bormio.

416

Gramme®.

folded, caul. Is flat. Also varied with larger spikelets
(v. raegastachya), with glaucous Is (v. glaucescens), with
thicker, almost rush-like, Is (v. juncea), with the spike-
lets short-pubescent (v. barbata). — b. planifolia Trautv.

' Like a. but all the Is flat, 2 — 3 mm broad. — c. tricho-
phi/lla Ducr. Ls all folded-filiform, scarcely V 2 mm broad.
— d. fallax Thuill. PI. forming a dense tuft, in other
respects like a. — Pasturages, road- and wood-sides; dis-
trib. ; d. principally (like v. alpestris — F. nigrescens Lam.
not Gaud.) on the Alp. and Jura. 5 rubra L. 2501.

— Shoots short erect, or suddenly curved-ascending; pis

consequently more or less ceespitose. Ovary hairy
at the top, rarely glabrous ..... 10

10. Most of the shoots intravaginal. Spikelets linear-oblong,
gen. greenish. Stem 60 — 120 cm. Ls limp, very long,
those of the shoots filiform, the caul, broader (2 — 3 mm),
flat. Panicle loose, often slightly drooping. — Wood-sides
and -clearings; rather rare. 6 heterophylla Lam. 2502.

— Shoots all, or mostly, extravaginal. Spikelets elliptic or

elliptic-lanceolate, gen. tinted with violet. — a. genuina
(F. violacea Gaud.). Ls of the shoots soft, smooth, ca¬
pillary; the caul, very little broader (V2 mm). Stem
angular above, 15 — 28 cm. Panicle with few spikelets.
Spikelets unarmed or short-awned , rarely (v. aurata
Gaud.) yellowish.— b. nigricans Schl. (nigrescens Gaud,
not Lam.) Ls rough, at any rate towards the end, the
caul, broader (2 mm when spread out), almost flat. Stem
taller, 30 — 40 cm, subcylindric above, smooth. Panicle
with many spikelets, the spikelets larger, awns V2, or
more, as long as the glumella. — Alp.; b. Alp., subalp.
and Jura. 7 .... violacea Gaud. 2503.

11 (3). Lower branches of the panicle gen. 5 together. Ovary
glabr. Poa violacea Bell. — Alp.; G. T. W. U. 7

pilosa Hall. f. 2504.

— Lower branches of the panicle 1 — 2 together. Ovary

hairy at the top. Type of F. varia . . . 12

12. Ls capillary. Stems 15—20 cm. Spikelets containing 3 to
5 fls. Lower glumella distinctly acumin ate. — Varied
with yellowish spikelets (v. lutea). — Alp. and southern
Jura. 7 . pumila Chaix. 2505.

— Ls thicker. Stems 15— 40cm. Spikelets 4 — 7-fld. Lower

glumella not, or indistinctly, acuminate. Spikelets varie¬
gated (v. versicolor) or yellowish (v. acuminata = F.
flavescens Gaud. not Bell.*) — Alp., especially the southern
chain. 7 . varia Hanke. 2506.

*) The true F. flavescens Bell, is found in the valley ofCogne, which
opens into that of Aosta.

Gramme®.

417

13(2). Lower glumella long-awned; the awn gen. twice
as long as the glumella, whitish, wavy. Panicle loose
and drooping. — Shady, damp places, woods; distrib. 6

gigantea Vill. 2507.

— Lower glumella without, or with a short, awn, distinctly

shorter than the glumella ... .. 14

14. Spikelets broad, obovate-rhomboidal. Ls 2 — 4 mm broad,
sometimes (v. jurana) more or less folded. Branches
of the panicle capillary, wavy, entirely smooth. F.
Scheuchzeri Gaud. — Alp. and southern Jura. 7

pulchella Schrad. 2508.

— Spikelets elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate 15

15. Ligule oblong. Ovary hairy at the top. Stem 100 — 120 cm.

Spikelets rather small. —Woods in the mount., here and
there (wanting in T. S.). 6 . sylvatica Vill. 2509.

— Ligule very short, truncate. Ovary glabrous . 16

16. L.-sheath8 cleft. Ls rolled up during {estivation. Type

of F. elatior ........ 17

— L.-sheaths not cleft. Ls folded during {estivation. Comp.
F. rubra 9.

17. The shortest of the 2 lower branches of the panicle
bearing 1 — 2 spikelets, the longest 3—5 spikelets, rarely
(v. pseudololiacea) the panicle almost in the form of a
raceme. Stem 4 — 8 dm.— Meadows ; everywhere. 6

pratensis Huds. 2510.

— The shortest of the lower branches of the panicle bear¬
ing 3 — 10 spikelets. Stem 8 — 15 dm, almost reed-like.
Ls broader, strongly nerved above. Panicle large, droop¬
ing. F. decolorans M. K. (local form). — b. aristata Grml.
N. Beitr. II, 12 (Uechtriziana Wiesb ?). Panicle denser,
less drooping; spikelets rather larger; awn 1 2— 2/3 the
length of the glumella; stem rough below the panicle.
— Damp meadows, water-side; distrib b. Kreuzlingen. 6

arundinacea Schreb. 2511.

OBS. Hybrids : F. pratensis-Lolium perenne (F. loliacea Curt.) and

F. pratensis-LoliuM italicum.

656. Bromus. Brome. Ill, 62.

1. Lower glume 1-nerved, upper 3-nerved. Bromus . 2

— Lower glume 3 — 5-nerved, upper 5 — many-nerved. Serra-

falcus ......... 6

2. Spikelets, also after flowering, narrowed towards the
top. Awn 0, or shorter than the glumella. Perenn. pis 3

— Spikelets enlarged towards the top. Awn as long as, or

longer than, the glumella. Ann. or bienn. pis . 5

3. Panicle limp, drooping. (Stem 80— 120 cm. Ls8 — 12 mm) 3b

— Panicle erect or slightly drooping ... 4

-110 Gramme®.

3b. Lower branches of the panicle 3 — 6 together, 1 or 2
of them short, only bearing 2 — 1 spikelets ; sheaths of
the upper Is shortly hairy or almost glabr. — Woods;
localities to be verified on account of the confusion
with the following; see N. Beitr. 111,25 asper Murr. 2512.

— Lower branches of the panicle 2 together, very diver¬
gent, bearing several or many spikelets; sheaths of
the Is covered with long hairs; panicle larger and
looser; stem often taller: Is broader; flowering period
rather later. B. serotinus Benek. 1845— As the last;
above Chillon in company with the last! and probably
in many other places . ramosus Huds. (1762). 2512.b*)

4. Ls folded during aestivation, the rad. narrower than the
caul., long-ciliate. Lower glumella with a short awn. —
Pasturages, road-sides; everywhere. 6 erectus Huds. 2513.

— Ls rolled up during aestivation, fairly equal in width,
glabr. Lower glumella unarmed or short-mucronate. —
Plains, very rare; near Bale, Rheinfelden, Sc.hleitheim ;
Orbe? (a single specimen in 1885!). 6 inermis Leyss. 2514.

5 (2). Panicle very loose, the branches drooping on almost

every side; branches very rough; spikelets with awns
50-60 mm, gen. not hairy. Stem 30 — 60cm. — Walls,
road-sides; everywhere. 5 sterilis L, 2515.

— Panicle fairly dense, drooping on one side, the branches
smooth. Spikelets shorter, soft pubescent. Stem 20 — 30cm.
b . floridus Grml. (glabratus Sond ?) Stem taller; spike¬
lets more numerous, glabr. — As the last, but not every¬
where (wanting in B. L.); sometimes adventitious;
b. Wall., Wilchingen, Diessenhofen. 5 tectorum L. 2516.

6 (1). Sheaths of the ls furrowed, glabr., rarely with scat¬

tered hairs. FI., when mature, contracted at the edges,
cylindric and distant. Type of B. secalinus . . 7

— Sheaths of the ls, at any rate the lower ones, hairy. FIs,

also at maturity, imbricate, covering one another, at
any rate by the base ...... 8

7. Spikelets 15 — 20 mm, glabr. (not hairy) or rough. Awns
slender, undulated-flexible. — Among corn; distrib. 6

secalinus L. 2517.

— Spikelets larger, 20 — 30 mm, gen. velvety-hairy, rarely
glabr. Awns stronger and longer than in the last, straight.
B. grossus Gaud. — As the last, gen. less common. 6

velutinus Schrad, 2518.

8. Lower glumella exactly as long as the upper. Panicle
with elongated branches, drooping on almost every side.
Spikelets narrow, lanceolate, gen. tinted with violet or
brown. — Waste places, fields; scattered (wanting in U.) 6

arvensis L. 2519.

*) According to Oborny FI. Mahr.

Gramme®.

419

— Lower glumella distinctly longer than the upper ,9

9. Awn inserted below the top which is deeply 2-fid, finally

or, when dry, often spreading-divergent. (Panicle
drooping) . 10

— Awn inserted higher, below the top which is shortly

2-fid, erect or slightly curved outwards . . 11

10. Panicle (in a normal pi.) compound. Spikelets lanceo¬

late, 20 mm FIs gen. separated at maturity, only cover¬
ing each other quite at the base. Distinguishable from
B. arvensis by its panicle drooping more decidedly on
one side, its spikelets more compressed, and its anthers
shorter. — Fields, rare and perhaps only introduced;
Aargau (Bremgarten !), Neuchatel, Aubonne. 5,6 (earlier
than 2519) . patulus M. K. 2520.

— Panicle gen. racemose (branches bearing 1 spikelet).
Spikelets oblong-lanceolate, 25 — 40 mm. FIs covering
each other to a considerable extent when mature, glabr.
or (v. villosus) hairy. — Arid, sandy places; T. W. V.;
sometimes also adventitious in other places. 5

squarrosus L. 2521.

11. Panicle erect after flowering, contracted. Spikelets oval-

oblong, gen. soft-pubescent. FIs dense; lower glumella
strongly nerved. Stem covered above with numerous
spreading hairs.— Uncultivated places, road-sides; every¬
where. 5 . . . . . . . mollis L 2522.

— Panicle more or less drooping after flowering, sometimes

also almost erect in 2523. Spikelets gen. glabr.; fls
rather less dense; lower glumella faintly nerved. Stem
glabr. above. Type of B. racemosus . . . 12

12. Spikelets (15— 20 mm) oblong-oval, composed of 5— 6 fls.

Lower glumella almost regularly rounded at the edges.
— Fields, grassy places, road-sides; localities still to be
verified on account of the general confusion with the
following. 5, 6 . . . . racemosus L. 2523.

— Spikelets (20— 30mm) oblong-lanceolate, containing 6 to
8 fls, more acute than in the last. Lower glumella en¬
larged above the middle of the edge in an obtuse angle
(as in 2522). Panicle rather looser, and with finer
branches than in the last. — As the last (common, at
any rate, in Canton Valid). 5, 6 commutatus Schrad. 2524.

657. Brachypodium. False Brome. Ill, 21.

1. Awns of all the fls shorter than their glumella. Ls
rather stiff. Rt-stock creeping. Spikelets hairy or (v. ru-
pestre) glabr. — Thickety hills, wood-edges; distrib. 6

pinnatum R. Br. 2525.

420

Graminese.

— Awns of the upper fls (of one spikelet) longer than
their glumella. Ls limp. Rt-stock short, loosely tufted.
Ls broader. — Woods; distrib. 7, later than the last

sylvaticum R. Sch. 2526.

658. Nardurus. Nardurus. Ill, 21.

1. Spike unilateral. Fls linear-lanceolate, very acute, short-
mucronate or (v. aristatus) long-awned. N. tenellusRchb.,
F. tenuiflora Schrad. — Arid, sandy places; Geneva, very
rare. 5 . unilateralis Boiss. 2527.

— Spike distichous. Fls oblong-lanceolate, subobtuse, un¬
armed or (v. aristatus) awned. N. Poa Boiss., Festuca
Lachenalii Spenn. — As the last; Tess. (Locarno, Taverne),
Aarg. (Schoftland, probably adventitious). 5

Lachenalii Godr. 2528.

659. Gaudinia. Gaudinia. Ill, 15.

1. Like an Avena with the inflorescence of a Lolium! Ls
hairy. — Uncultivated places, road-sides; W. Y. 6

fragilis Beauv, 2529.

660. Agropyrum. Agropyrum. Ill, 20.

1. Rt-stock not creeping. Awns longer than the glumellas.

Type of A. caninum ...... 2

— Rt-stock long-creeping. Awns 0 or shorter, rarely as
long as, or longer than, the glumellas. Type of A. repens 3

2. Spikelets gen. composed of 5 fls. Ls fairly broad. —
Shady places, hedges; distrib., but not common. 6

caninum R. Sch. 2530

— Spikelets composed of 2 — 3 fls. Ls narrower than in
the last. - G. W. (Finstermiinz, Viege). 6 biflorum Rchb. 2531 .

3. Glumes acute or acuminate. Lower glumella faintly

nerved. Quick-grass. — Hedges, road-sides, fields, gardens;
distrib. 6 . repens Beauv. 2532.

— Glumes very obtuse or truncate. Lower glumella more
strongly nerved.—? b. intermedium Host, (campestre Gr.
Godr. not Kit.). Ls flatter; glumes more acute (lake
of Geneva). — Hills, road-sides; W. Y. 6

glaucum R. Sch. 2533.

661. Triticum. Wheat. Ill, 20.

1. Axis of the spike, of an even breadth, tough, not jointed
Fr. not adherent to the glumellas ... 2

— Axis of the spike composed of pear-shaped joints which

fall off with the spikelets when ripe. Fr. adherent to
the glumellas (the seeds also do not fall out in thresh¬
ing, but only the spikelets are obtained!) . 5

Gramme®.

421

2. Spike lax, drooping, indistinctly 4-cornered. Glumes
very long, oblong-lanceolate, scarious, nerved throughout
their whole length. — Rarely cultivated. 6

f polonicum L. 2534.

— Spike dense, distinctly 4-cornered. Glumes cartilagi¬
nous, nerved only in the upper portion . . 3

3. Glumes oblong (3 times as long as broad), keeled,

winged almost throughout their whole length. — Not
common. 6 . . . . f aurum Desv. 2535.

— Glumes broad-oval ...... 4

4. Stem hollow above. Glumes only keeled in the upper

portion. Glumellas awned (T. aestivum L.) or almost
awnless (F. hybernum L.). 6 . . f vulgare Vill. 2536.

— Stem solid or scarcely hollow above. Glumes keeled-

winged throughout their whole length. Glumellas gen.
long-awned.— 6 .... t turgidum L. 2537.

5(1). Spike almost regularly 4-cornered, loose, finally
drooping, the spikelets hardly covering each other a
little, convex on both sides. Spelt. 6 f Spelta L. 2538.

— Spike compressed on the sides of the axis from which
no spikelets spring (as in the barley-spikes), erect; spike-
lets covering one another, flat or concave on the inner
side .......... fi

6. Glumes oblong-oval, the keel terminated by a short
mucron curved inwards. Spikelets with 2 grains and
2 awns. — Rarely cultivated. 6 f dicoccum Schrank. 2539.

— Glumes oblong-lanceolate, the keel terminated by a
straight mucron. Spikelets with 1 grain and 1 awn. —
Sometimes cultivated in the mountains. 6

monococcum L. 2540.

662. Secale. Rye. Ill, 19.

1. The largest and earliest of our cereals (20 — 25 dm).
— Cultivated everywhere. 5 . . f cereale L. 2541.

663. Elymus. Lyme-grass. Ill, 14.

1. Spikelets long-awned. L. -sheaths rough with hairs di¬
rected downwards. — Woods of the mount.; distrib. , but
not very common. 6 europaeus L. 2542.

664. Hordeum. Barley. Ill, 14.

1. All the spikelets sessile, hermaphrodite and awned. Cul¬
tivated species ....... 2

— The middle spikelet hermaphr. and awned, the 2 lateral

ones male and not awned. Cultivated species . 3

— The middle spikelet hermaphr., the 2 lateral ones male,

all 3 awned. Wild species ..... 4

422

Graniineae.

2. Spike 4-cornered (2 more prominent rows on each

side). — 6 . t vulgare L. 2543.

— Spike 6-cornered (spikelets in 6 equally prominent rows).

— 6 . t hexastichum L. 2544.

3. Awns fairly parallel. — 6 . . f distichum L. 2545.

— Awns finally diverging like a fan. — 6 f Zeocriton L. 2546.

4 (1). Glumes of the middle spikelet linear-lanceolate, ciliate

on both edges. — b. leporinum Link. (H. pseudomurinum
Tapp. Koch). Inner glume of the lateral spikelets rather
broader and ciliate on both edges. (In the typical form
it is linear-setaceous, and ciliate on one side towards
the base.) -Road-sides , walls; everywhere, b. Lower
Enffadine. W. (Sion, Martigny, St. Maurice), Geneva. 5

murinum L. 2547.

— Glumes of all the spikelets setaceous and rough (not
ciliate). Spike narrower than in the last; stem taller
(5 — 8 dm.). — Meadows; Geneva, Yaud, Neuchatel. 6

secalinum Schreb. 2548.

665. Lolium. Lolium. Ill, 17.

1. FIs lanceolate: lower glumella herbaceous-scarious 2

— FIs (when mature) elliptic; lower glumella almost carti¬
laginous. (Ann. pis) ...... 5

2. Perenn. pis, with clusters of Is bearing no fls ‘ 3

— Ann. pis, without the 1. -clusters .... 4

3. Fls not awned. Stem fairly stiff, smooth Ls dark green,

folded during {estivation. — b. tenue L. Stem slenderer;
ls narrower; spikelets more distant, composed of only
3 — 4 fls (instead of 6 — 12).— Road-sides, grassy places;
everywhere. 6 . perenne L. 2549.

— Fls long-awned, more rarely some of them not awned.
Stem taller than in the last, more hollow, rough above.
Ls briglit-green, shining, rolled up during sostivation.—
Grassy places, road-sides; naturalised; also cultivated. 6

italicum A. Br. 2550.

4. Stem 50 — 90 cm, flexible. Spikelets numerous, composed
of 10 — 25 fls, spreading during the anthesis, the upper
awned, more rarely all awnless. Variety of the last?
L. Gaudini Pari. — Fields, gravelly places; V. 5

multlflorum Gaud. 2551.

— Stem 15 — 25 cm, fairly stiff1, branched at the base. Spike¬
lets not numerous, composed of 5 — 7 fls, applied against
the axis, not awned. — Hills; W. (Montorge near Sion). 5

rigidum Gaud. 2552.

5 (1). Glumes distinctly shorter than the spikelet. Fls gen.

not awned, 4 mm long. Stem slender, 30— 50 cm. L. re-
motum Schrank, L. arvense Schrad. not With. — Fields,

Gramineae. Conifer®.

423

almost exclusively among flax, but not everywhere. C

linicolum A. Br. 2553.

— Glumes gen. longer than the spikelet. FIs gen. awned,

6 — 10 mm long. Stem stouter, 50 — ICO cm. Type of L.
temulentum, ........ 6*

6. Awns straight, strong, longer than the glumella. — Among
corn; distrib. G temulentum L, 2554.

— Awns wavy, feebler, and shorter than the glumella.
Stem gen. paler. L. album Huds.? — Varied: Stem and
sheaths smooth (L. arvense With.) or rough (L. robustum
Rchb.). — As the last, and confused with it. 6

speciosum Bieb. 2555

OBS. Hybrid : L. italicum-perenne.

666. Nardus. Mat-grass. Ill, 16.

1. Spikelets arranged in a narrow, unilateral spike. Spike-
lets subulate, awned. PI. forming a dense tuft. — Pas¬
turages and peat-moors, especially of the mount, and
subalp.; distrib. 5 . . . . . stricta L. 2556.

OBS. Among the cultivated pis of this family (may be mentioned Zea
il lags L. and Sorghum vulgare Pers.

122. Coniferse.

667. Ephedra. Ephedra. XXII, 3.

1. Small leafless shrubs, dioecious, with opp. branches.
Resembling some species of Equisetacece. Male catkins
sessile; fern, catkins peduncled, transformed at maturity
into false red berries. — Rocky places; W. (Sion, Saillon,
Fully). 4, 5 . . . Iielvetica C. A. Mey. 2557.

668. Taxus. Yew. XXII, 5.

1. Ls distichous (as in Abies pectinata), acute, yellowish
green underneath. — Woods; fairly distrib. 4

baccata L. 2558.

669. Jumperus. Juniper. XXII, 5. XXI, 4.

1. Ls of 2 forms: some scale-like, small, rhomboidal, im¬
bricate in 4 rows ; the others more acicular, lanceolate-
subulate, spreading and more or less distant. False
berries supported by a curved peduncle which is shorter
than the berries themselves. (The J. virginiana L. is
very similar and often cultivated in shrubberies, its
false berries are supported by an erect peduncle which
is as long as the berries).— Alp. and subalp. 4, 5

Sabina L. 2559.

424

Conifer®.

— Ls acicular, linear-subulate or lanceolate-subulate, spread¬
ing, in whorls of 3 ..... . 2

2. Ls linear-subulate, narrowed insensibly to a piercing
point, spreading, straight. False berries V2— Va the length
of the Is. Common juniper. — Arid slopes, wood-edges;
distrib. 4 . communis L. 2560.

— Ls lanceolate-subulate, broader, shorter and more sud¬

denly contracted to a point which is less piercing,
spreading-curved inwards, or almost applied-iinbricated.
False berries almost as long as the ls. Lower shrubs
prostrate and ascending. — Alp. and high Alp.; Reculet
and Dole in the Jura. 7 . . nana Willd. 2561.

670. Cupressus. Cypress. XXI, 4a.

1. Branches and twigs erect (as in the poplar of avenues);
twigs 4-cornered. Ls scale-like, small, obtuse, imbri¬
cated in 4 rows. Cones 30 — 40 mm long. — Cultivated in
shrubberies in warm parts. 4 f sempervirens L. 2562.

671. Thuia. Thuia. XXI, 4a.

1. Branches ramified in a horizontal plane. Ls on the
surface of this plane with a glandular callosity below
the tip. Cones small, 10 — 15 ww long, light brown. —
In shrubberies, hedges and cemeteries. 4

t occidentalis L. 2563.

— Branches ramified in a vertical plane. Ls with a longi¬

tudinal furrow on the back. Cones larger than in the
last, covered with a bluish bloom. — Less commonly cul¬
tivated than the last. 4 . . f orientalis L. 2564.

672. Pinus. *) Pine. XXI, 5.

1. Ls 5 together in a sheath. Seeds not winged, almost

the size of a hazel-nut, edible. (Siberian Stone-Pine.) —
Alp. up to 2200 m, especially in Gr. and W., very scat¬
tered elsewhere. 6 . . . . Cembra L. 2565.

— Ls 2 together in a sheath. Seeds winged, small . 2

2. Cones distinctly peduncled, the peduncle reflexed im¬
mediately after flowering. Boss of the scales flat. Ls
glaucous inside (4 — 6 cm long). Heart-wood reddish.
Scotch Fir.— Woods, up to 1500 m. 5 sylvestris L. 2566.

— Cones sessile or very shortly peduncled, spreading ob¬
liquely and horizontally at a later stage . . 3

3. Ls glaucous, 10 — 15 cm. Buds of the twigs acuminate
with a beak. Boss of the scales pale yellow, faintly
convex, the umbilicus shining and with no blackish
ring. Heart-wood blackish gray. P. nigricans Host. —

*) According to Christ.

Conifene.

425

Cultivated in shrubberies, more rarely solitary in forests;
5, rather later than the last . . f Laricio Poir. 2567.

— Ls bright-green, rarely exceeding 5 cm. Buds of the

twigs obtuse or short-acuminate. Boss of the scales
grayish brown, the umbilicus dull, surrounded by a
blackish ring (which is rare in 2566). Heart -wood
grayish brown. — a. uncinata Rom. Bosses of the scales
on the lower side of the cone larger than those which
are turned towards the trunk, recurved in the form
of a hook or hood. (Cones unsymmetrical.) — b. Pumilis
Hank. Bosses at most hemispheric, the umbilicus, at
least on the underneath scales', eccentric. — c. Maghus
Scop Bosses flat or raised to a right angle by the trans¬
verse keel; umbilicus central; cones symmetrical. — Alp.,
subalp. and Jura, especially on calc, rocks and
peat-mosses, descending to 600 m above sea-level; b. the
most widely spread form in Switz. ; a. in the Alp. of
Graub., Wall, and Vaud, where it becomes a tall tree;
in the Jura it is only found as a shrub or an obliquely
ascending tree; c. only eastwards from the upper Enga-
dine (Val Chiamuera). 6 . . niontana Mill. 2568.

OBS. The following is often cultivated in shrubberies : /’. Strobus L.

(Weymouth Pine). — Hybrid: P. montanasylcestris? (Friesisna Wich., rhaetica

Briigg.).

673. Abies. Fir. XXI, 5.

1. Ls in clusters of 15 — 30 (solitary on the twigs of the
current year), soft, deciduous in autumn. Pinus Larix
L., Larix decidua Mill. Larch. — Alp. and subalp., up to
2300 m, especially in G. and W. ; also cultivated. 6

Larix Lam. 2569.

— Ls isolated, evergreen ...... 2

2. Ls disposed equally all round the twigs, compressed-
4-cornered, mucronate. Cones pendant. Heart-wood of
the trunk brown, scaly. Pinus Albies L., Pinus Picea
Duroi. Spruce-fir.— Forests, up to 1800 m and higher. 6

excelsa Dec. 2570.

— Ls of the lower twigs (which bear no fr.) pectinate-

distichous, flat, notched at the tip, with 2 white, longi¬
tudinal, lines below; disposed all round the fr.-bearing
twigs at the top. Cones erect. Heart-wood of the trunk
light gray, remaining, for a long time, smooth. Pinus
Picea L., Pinus Abies Duroi. Silver-fir. — Forests, up to
1500 m. 5 . pectinata Dec. 2571.

29

426

Marsiliace®. Isoetese. Selaginellaceas. Lycopodiaceae.

123. Marsiliacese.

674. Pilularia. Pill-wort. XXIY, 3.

1. Stem creeping. Ls subulate (reed-like), 5 — 10 cm long.
— Inundated places; Bonfol in Porrentruy. 6

globulifera L. 2572.

675. Marsilia. Marsilia. XXIY, 2.

1. Stem creeping. Ls long-petioled, div. into 4 obovate-
cuneiform, entire leaflets. — Standing water; Yilleneuve,
Bonfol. 6 . quadrifolia L. 2573.

124. Isoetese.

676. Isoetes. Quillwort. XXIV, 3.

1. Ls dark green, stiff, 10 — 15 cm. Macrosporangia: with a band
of not very prominent callosities. —Under water, in
lakes and ponds; Schwarzwald, Yosges, Lago Maggiore
and probably also in Tess. 7 . * lacustris L. 2574.

— Ls light green, wavy, 5— 10 cm, more finely acuminate
than in the last. Macrosporangiee thickly covered with thin
spine-like prolongations. — As the last and often in com¬
pany with it; between Locarno and Magadino. 7

echinospora Durieu. 2575.

125. Selaginellaceee.

677. Seiaginella. Selaginella. XXIV, 6.

1. Ls ciliate-denticulate. — Alp., subalp. and Jura. 7, 8

spinulosa A. Br. 2576.

— Ls entire. — Alp. and subalp., also in the valleys, but in
general less common than the last. 7 Helvetica Spring. 2577.

126. Lycopodiaceae.

678. Lycopodium. Club-moss. XXIV, 6.

1. Sporangia in the axils of ordinary ls. Ls erect or (v. re-

curvum) spreading horizontally or curved back.— Alp.,
subalp. and Jura. 7 Selago L. 2578.

— Sporangia united in terminal spikes, in the axils of

bracts of a different form to that of the ls . 2

2. Ls toothed, spreading horizontally or deflexed. —
Woods of the mount.; scattered (wanting in S.). 6

annotinum L. 2579.

Lycopodince®. Equisetacese.

427

— Ls with entire edges ...... 3

3. Spikes solitary, sessile ...... 4

— Spikes 2 — 6 together on a common peduncle . 3

4. Bracts formed differently to the ls, broad-oval. Stem

30—70 cm. — Alp. and subalp.; Chasseron, Voirons. 7

alpinum L. 2580.

— Bracts differing but little from the ls, only with broader

base. Stem 5 — 15 cm. — Peat-mosses; here and there
(wanting in T. S.). 7 inundatum L. 2581.

5. Ls all of the same form, arranged spirally in several

rows, terminated by a long capillary point. — Mossy
woods, especially on siliceous soil and in the mount
and subalp. 7 .... clavatum L, 2582.

— Ls of the branches arranged in 4 rows, not terminating

in a hair point. Type of L. complanatum (also, according
to Bernoulli, number 2580) ..... <6

6. Central branch barren, lateral branches alone bearing
spikes; the other barren, branches spreading like a fan.
— Forests; doubtful for Switz. 7 * complanatum L. 2583.

— Central branch bearing a spike; barren branches al¬
most parallel, equal in height, narrower. — Tess. 7

Chamaecyparissus A. Br. 2584.

127. Equisetaceae.

679. Equisetum. Horse-tail. XXIV, 4.*)

1. Stems all of the same form and appearing at the same
time, green, the branches having a central hollow 2

— Stems differing in form: the fr.-bearing ones not green,

at any rate at first, and very unlike the barren stems;
branches without the central hollow ... 7

2. Spike mucronate. Stem more or less rough, gen.

standing the winter ...... 3

— Spike obtuse Stem smooth, or hardly rough, not stand¬
ing the winter ....... 6

3. Sheaths cylindric, closely applied (rarely rather loose) 4

— Sheaths enlarged above like a cup ... 5

4. Teeth of the sheaths falling early and only leaving an
obtusely crenate edge. Stem (gen. simple) between the
thickness of a goose’s quill and a little finger, with
18 — 20 furrows. — b. paleaceum Schleich. Stem slenderer,
with 10 — 12 furrows; sheaths rather loose. — Damp woods,
marshes; scattered (wanting in T. U). 4 hiemale L. 2585.

*) See below a second table.

428

Equisetacece.

— Teeth of the sheaths lanceolate-subulate, persistent,

rough-prickly. Stem slenderer than in the last, with
10—12 furrows. — Wollmatingerried near Constance, close
to the Swiss frontiers. 4 *trachyodon A. Br. 2586.

5. Sheaths surrounded by a black circle. Stem standing
the winter, 10 — 20 cm, rarely more, branchy gen. only
at the base, simple above, with 5—8 (rarely 12) furrows.
— Sandy places; water-sides; distrib. 6

variegatum Schleich. 2587. *)

— Sheaths all of one colour or brownish above. Stem ann.,

50 — 120 cm and more, at most the thickness of a goose’s
quill, gen. slenderer, branchy, rarely simple. E. ramosum
Dec — Sandy places, water-sides; not everywhere (want¬
ing in B. O. U. L. S .). 4 . ramosissimum Desv. 2588.

6 (2). Stem fairly slender, furrowed, gen. branchy. Sheaths

loose, with 5—8 teeth; teeth lanceolate, broad-scarious.
- Ditches, water-sides; distrib. 6 . palustre L. 2589.

— Stem rather thick, smooth or only streaked, gen. simple.
Sheaths closely applied, with 15 — 20 teeth; teeth sub¬
ulate, narrow-scarious. — Ponds, ditches; distrib. 5

limosum L. 2590.

7 (1). Fertile and barren stems developing at the same time,

the former turning green later and bearing branches 8

— Fertile stems appearing before the barren stems, always

without branches, and dying after maturity . .9

8. Sheaths of the fertile stems infundibuliform, with 10 to

15 teeth. Branches of the barren stems gen. not rami¬
fied. — Shady places; G. W. (Engadine; Simplon, Saas,
Zermatt, Anniviers, Sion). 4 . . pratense Ehrh. 2591.

— Sheaths of the fertile stems almost campanulate, cleft

in 3—6 parts (divisions each composed of 2 — 4 united
teeth). Branches of the barren stems very fine, arched-
pendant. — Damp woods and pasturages, especially in
the mount, and subalp. 4 . . sylvaticum L. 2592.

9. Sheaths of the fertile stems bearing 20—30 teeth. Barren

stems often almost as thick as a little finger, ivory-
white. E. maximum Lam.- Damp, shady places, forest-
brooks; distrib. 3. . . . Telemateia Ehrh. 2593.

— Sheaths of the fertile stems bearing 8 — 11 teeth. Barren

stems green or greenish white, slenderer. — Fields, road¬
sides; everywhere. 3 arvense L. 2594.

Second table.

1. Fertile stems simple, whitish or brownish. E. arvense
and Telemateia.

— Fertile (and barren) stems gen. branched, green 2

*) E. scirpoides Michx. See the appendix and N. Beitr. II, 12.

Equisetaee®. Ophioglosseae.

429

2. Stem (very thick) ivory-white. Sheaths with 20—30 teeth:
E. Telemateia.

— Stem green. Sheaths with 3—20 teeth . . 3

3. Branches very fine, ramified : E. sylvaticum.

— Branches (when present) gen. simple ... 4

4. Spike always mucronate. Stem more or less rough:
E. hiemnle, vnriegatum, and rnmnsissimum.

— Spike gen. obtuse. Stem smooth or hardly at all rough 5

5. Stem fairly thick, central hollow large, several times as
large as the vallecular spaces. *) Sheaths with 15 — 20 teeth :
E. limosum.

— Stem rather slender; the central hollow as large or

narrower than the vallecular spaces. Sheaths with 5 to
15 teeth ......... 6

6. Stem gen. terminated by a spike; the first internode of
the branches much shorter than the corresponding cau-
line sheath: E. palustre.

— Stem without a spike; the first internode of the branches
longer than the corresponding cauline sheath: E. arvense.
OBS. Hybrid: E. arveme-Hmosum (litorale Kiihlw. inundatum Lasch ).

138. Ophioglosseae.

680. Ophioglossum. Adder's-tongue. XXIV, 9.

1. Barren part of the frond oval-oblong, with entire edges,
placed about the middle of the plant. — Damp meadows ;
rare (wanting in G. S.). 6 . . vulgatum L. 2595.

681. Botrychium. Moon-wort. XXIV, 9.

1. Barren part of the frond (when well developed) always

petioled, inserted near the base of the plant 2

— Barren part of the frond sessile, placed about or above

the middle of the plant ..... 3

2. Barren part of the frond oval or obovate, rounded-ob¬
tuse, glabr., entire or incised. — Engelberg (Zabel)

* simplex Hitch. 2596.

— Barren part of the frond triangular in form, rather
prolonged at the point, gen. 2-pinuatisect. — Chamouny. 6

* rutaefolium A. Br. 2597.

3. Cellules of the epidermis winding. Barren part of the

frond triangular-oval, broader than long, 2-pinnatisect ;
segments of the second order anadromous (the first in
the upper row, in the following species catadromous,
i. e. the first in the lower row). — G. (Priittigau, oppo¬
site Sernauserbad). . . virginianum Sw. 2598.

*) The channels opposite the furrows are called by this name.

430

^Ophioglosse®. Osmundacese. Polypodiaceae.

— Cellules of the epidermis straight ... 4:

4. Barren part of the frond placed about the middle of

the plant, oblong, simply pinnatisect; segments half¬
moon-shaped, the base broad-cuneiform, entire or cre-
nate, rarely (v. incisum in which the incisions sometimes
reach to the middle or more) deeply incised. — Pas¬
turages and hills, especially of the mount, and subalp.;
distrib. 5 . Lunaria Sw. 2599.

— Barren part of the frond placed above the middle (gen.

just below the panicle) ...... &

5. Barren part of the frond rather thick, 2-pinnatisect ;
segments of the first order spreading, subobtuse. B.
Reuteri Payot. — Bernardin, Bormio, Chamouny. 6

matricarisefolium A. Br. 2600.

— Barren part of the frond thin, pinnatisect; segments of
the first order ascending, lanceolate, acute, narrowed
towards the base. — Upper Engadine near Pontresina,
herb. Boiss., according to a manuscript note by Milde

lanceolatum Angstr. 2601.

129. Osmundaceae.

682. Osmunda. Royal-fern. XXIV, 8.

1. Fronds yellowish green, 2-pinnatisect. PI. 10 — 15 dm
high. — Marshes in transalpine Switz. 6 regal is L. 2602.

130. Polypodiaceae.

683. Polypodium. Polypody. XXIV, 22.

1. Fronds simply pinnatisect; segments oblong-lanceolate,
entire or toothed. — b. serratum Willd. — Fronds larger
or broader; secondary nerves 3—4 (instead of 1—2)
times dichotomous (St. Triphon!). — Woods; on rocks
and tree-trunks; distrib. 6 . . vulgare L. 2603.

684. Gymnogramme. Gymnogramme. XXIV, 14.

1. Fronds stiff, coriaceous, 2-pinnatisect, thickly covered
with scales underneath, at first of a silvery gray, then
reddish brown. Notochlaena Marantee R. Br. — Walls; T.
(Cavigliano !); also on the southern and eastern frontiers
(Vintschgau, Yeltlin, Como, Aostathal). 4

Marantae Mett. 2604.

685. Allosorus. Parsley-fern. XXIV, 16.

1. Fronds 10 — 20 cm, 3-pinnatisect ; fertile segments al¬
most linear, rolled under at the edges. Cryptogramme

Polypodiaceee.

431

crispa R. Br. — Alp, on granite; G. T. W. Y. 0. U. 7

crispus Bernh. 2605.

686. Adiantum. Adiant. XXIV, 16.

1. Fronds very delicate, 2-pinnatisect; segments obovate-
cuneiform, inciso-lobed. — Damp rocks; transalpine Switz.
Yaud (La Sarraz), Neuch&tel (St. Aubin). 6

Capillus Veneris L. 2606.

687. Pteris. Brake or Bracken. XXIV, 12, 16.

1. Fronds all of the same form, triangular-oval, 2 — 3-pin-
natisect. PI. 70 — 150 cm. Pteridium aquilinum Kuhn.
Thickety pasturages, peat-mosses 7 aquilina L. 2607.

— Fronds of 2 forms, simply pinnatisect, 30 — 50 cm; seg¬
ments in 3 — 5 distant pairs; those of the barren fronds
linear-lanceolate, denticulate-mucronulate ; those of the
fertile fronds much narrower, linear, with entire edges.
Damp rocks; T. (Gandria, Locarno). 7 cretica L. 2608.

688. Blechnum. Blechnum. XXLY, 11.

1. Fronds simply pinnatipartite or pinnatisect; the barren
ones lanceolate in contour, narrowed at both ends, with
numerous linear - oblong, entire segments; the fertile
ones higher, with narrower, more distant segments. —
Woods; distrib. 7 . . . . Spicant Sm. 2609.

689. Scolopendrium. Harts-tongue. XXIV, 17.

1. Fronds rather shortly petioled, long-lanceolate, cordate
at the base, gen. entire. S. officiarum Sw. — Damp, shaded
rocks; distrib. (wanting in S.). 6 . vulgare Sm. 2610.

690. Asplenium. Spleenwort. XXIV, 20.

1. Fronds 5 — 15 cm, with 2 — 4 linear segments incised at

the top. — Granite rocks, erratic blocks, not common
(wanting in L. S ). 6 . . septentrionale Hoffm. 2611.

— Fronds 1 — 3-pinnatisect (in A Ruta muraria the seg¬
ments are sometimes few, but broad) ... 2

2. Fronds (5 — 15 cm) short- petioled , simply pinnatisect,

linear in contour (segments oval-rhomboidal or suborbi-
cular, numerous, as many as 30 on each side) . 3

— Fronds, at least at the base, 2-pinnatisect, not linear in
contour; petiole gen. as long as, or longer than, the frond 4

3. Racbis stiff, black-brown, narrowly winged; seg¬
ments sessile, finely crenate, rarely (v. incisum) pinnati-
fid. — Rocks and walls; everywhere. 6 Trichomanes L. 2612.

— Racbis herbaceous, green, not winged; segments
shortly stalked, of a lighter green and more deeply

Polypodiacese.

crenate than in the last. — As the last, especially in the
mount, and subalp.; distrib. 6 . viride Huds. 2613.

Fronds (5 — 15 cm) narrow-lanceolate in contour, 2 pin-
natisect at the base, from the middle to the top simply
pinnatisect. About intermediate between 2611 and 2616;
segments more numerous than in the first (4 — 10), nar¬
rower than in the last; indusium entire at the edges.
A. Breynii Retz. — Granite rocks in the mount, and
subalp., rare, gen. in company with A. sept, and A.
Trichom. (according to Ascherson and Loret a hybrid
between these 2 species, according to Bory =■ A. rut.
mur. — sept.) G. T. W. 0. A. 6 germanicum Weiss. 2614.
Fronds 2 — 3-pinnatisect ..... 5

Fronds (15— 25 cm) linear-lanceolate in contour, nar¬
rowed at the base (lowest pair of pinnse shorter than
the central ones); pinnules short, with mucronate teeth.
A. Halleri Dec.— Rocky places, especially on calc.;
Tess., Rhone-valley, Saleve, Jura, from Geneva to the
Ramsfluh and Lagern, lake of Wallenstadt. 6

fontanum Bernh. 2615.
Fronds triangular-oval in contour, or oval-lanceolate,
the lower divisions longer than the middle ones 6
Rachis green, or only black-brown at the base. Fronds
5—15 cm, dull; segments of the last order oblong-ob-
ovate or rhomboidal-cuneiform, obtuse, crenate-toothed
in front. Tegument ciliate. Very variable. — Walls and
rocks; everywhere. 4 . . Ruta muraria L. 2616.

Rachis black-brown to above the middle. Fronds
10— 30 cm, shining above, the point elongated ; segments
of the last order obovate-cuneiform, toothed at the top.
Tegument with entire or wavy edges. — As the last, but
much rarer and especially in the mount, and subalp.
regions (wanting in Z. S.) 6 Adiantum nigrum L. 2617.

691. Athyrium. Athyrium. XXIY, 20.

Tegument distinct. Ls 6 — 12 dm, oblong-lanceolate, light
green, 2-pinnatisect, with pinnatifid segments. Differing
from 2629 both in its more finely divided ls and its
more glabr. rachis. — Woods; everywhere. 7

Felix femina Roth. 2618.
Tegument very small and only visible in its first youth.
In other respects the pi. resembles the last. Aspidium
alpestre Nyl. — Alp., subalp. and Jura, sometimes together
with the last. 7 rhaeticum (L.) Grml. 2619.

692. Ceterach. Ceterach. XXIY, 14.

Fronds 5 — 15 cm, rather coriaceous, shortly petioled,
pinnatipartite, with alternate, oval or oblong, segments,

Polypod iaceee.

433

covered underneath with scales of a russet brown. —
Walls, rocks; not everywhere; T. W. V. J. U. L. Z. A. 5

officinarum Willd. 2620.

693. Phegopteris. Phegopteris. XXIY, 22.

1. Fronds shortly petioled, the petiole several times shorter
than the frond. Comp. Athyrium rhceticum.

— Ls long-petioled, the petiole as long as, or longer than, the

frond ..... ... 2

2. Fronds oval-lanceolate in contour, long-acuminate, hairy,

pinnatisect with pinnatifid segments, of which the lower
are gen. directed downwards. — Shady woods in the mount.;
distrib. 6 .... polypodioides Fee. 2621.

— Fronds broad-triangular in contour, glabr. or glandular,

the base ternate and 2-pinnatisect ... 3

3. Fronds thin, soft, bright-green entirely glabr. and with¬
out glands. — As the last. 6 . Dryopteris Fee. 2622.

— Fronds rather stiff, yellowish green, finely glandular
underneath. Rt-stock shorter and thicker than in the
last. — Rocks, walls; especially on calc. soil. 6

Robertianum A. Br. 2623.

694. Aspidium. Shield-fern. XXIY, 21.

1. Tegument reniform, fixed in the incision (laterally).

Polystichum. ........ 2

— Tegument orbicular, fixed in the centre (peltate). Fronds

shortly petioled. Aspidium. ..... 7

2. The 2 ramifications of the lower lateral nerves bearing

a group of sporangite. Tegument deciduous. Fronds
simply pinnatisect with pinnatifid segments; last seg¬
ments entire or slightly sinuate (rarely crenate or in¬
cised) ......... 3

— Only the foremost branch of the lateral nerves bearing

a group of sporangise. Tegument persistent for a longer
time. Fronds 2— 3-pinnatisect; segments of the last order
pinnatifid or toothed ...... 4

3. Rt-stock slender, long creeping. Fronds long-
petioled (petiole about as long as the frond), soft, light
green, without glands underneath when full-grown, of
the same breadth at the base, or hardly contracted. —
Peat-mosses, in patches, distrib. 6 Thely pter is Sw. 2624.

— Rt-stock thick, oblique or horizontal. Fronds shortly
petioled (petiole much shorter than the frond), soft, of
an almost yellowish green, glandular underneath,
much and insensibly narrowed to the base. A. Oreo-
pteris Sw. — Woods; distrib., but not common. 7

montanum Aschers. 2625.

434

Polypodiaceee.

4. Fronds glandular-s p o 1 1 e d underneath, oblong-lanceo¬

late in contour, 2-pinnatisect, with mucronate teeth.—
calc, debris in the Alp.; Suchet, Marchairuz and
Dole in the Jura. 7 rigidum Sw. 2626.

- — Adult fronds glandless underneath, or at any rate broader
in outline, oblong or triangular .... 5

5. Fronds simply pinnatisect, with pinnatifid or pinnati-

partite segments; contour of the fronds oblong or ob¬
long-lanceolate ....... 6*

— Fronds 2 — 3-pinnatisect, triangular-oval or oblong-oval
in contour with mucronate teeth; petiole long. — b.
dilatatum Su\ Fronds broader, dark green, 3- or almost
4-pinnatisect; petiole covered with darkevscales. — Woods,
peat-mosses; distrib. 6

spinulosum Sw. 2627.

6. Fronds of 2 forms, rather long-petioled, contour narrow-
oblong. Segments of the first order distant, with broad
base, almost triangular-lanceolate. Segments of the second
order 6 — 10 on each side, the teeth short-mucronate.
Petiole with scattered scales. Fertile fronds longer, the
lobes vertical to the limb. — Peat-mosses, rare; Bern,
Thun, Wauwylermoos (Suppiger, Liischer), Robenliausen. 7

cristatum Sw. 2628.

— Fronds uniform, rather short-petioled, oblong-lanceolate

in contour; segments of the first order crowded, long-
lanceolate, acuminate; segments of the second order
15 — 25 on each side, the teeth not mucronate. Petiole
very thickly covered with scales. Male fern.— Woods,
everywhere. 6 .... Filix mas Sw. 2629.

7 (1). Fronds simply pinnatisect, stiff, lanceolate in con¬
tour; pinme sickle-shaped, curved at the top, teeth al¬
most spiny. Ilolly fern. — Rocky, wooded slopes in the
mount, and subalp. 7 Lonchl'tis Sw. 2630.

Fronds 2- or almost 2-pinnatisect. Type of A. acu-
leatum. *) ........ 8

8. Fronds hard, almost coriaceous, acuminate, more or
less narrowed at the base; segments of the first order
lanceolate, acuminate, gen. curved like a sickle towards
the top, distinctly auricled at the base; the lower seg¬
ment of the second order of the upper series much
larger than the others. — Mountain woods, gorges ; distrib. 6

lobatum Sw. 2631.

— Fronds softer, almost like paper, less acuminate than
in the last, much narrowed at the base; segments of
the first order broader, almost straight, indistinctly auricled
at the base; the lower segment of the second order of

*) The true A. aculeatum Sw. (aculeatum Swartzianum Koch) is not

found in Switz. See N Beitr III, 51.

Polypod iaceae.

435

the upper series scarcely larger than the others. A .
Braunii Spenn. — As the last; hitherto only in the valleys
of Hasli, Engelberg and near Ponte Brolla in Tess. 6

angulare Kit. 2632.

695. Cystopteris. Bladder-fern. XXIV, 21.

1. Frond solitary, tr i an g u 1 ar in contour, almost as broad
as long (resembling Phegopteris Dryopteris). — Rocky and
mossy places in the Alp., subalp. and (southern) Jura. 7

montana Bernh. 2633.

— Fronds clustered, oblong or oblong-oval (very rarely trian¬
gular) in contour. Type of C. fragilis . . 2

2. Most of the teeth of the pinnules not incised: the nerves

mostly running into the teeth. — Walls and damp shady
rocks; everywhere. 6 fragilis Bernh. 2634.

— Most of the teeth of the pinnules incised ; the nerves
very gen. running into the incisions. C. regia Koch.
Alp. and subalp ; Dole in the Jura. 7

alpina Link. 2635.

696. Onoclea. Onoclea. XXIV, 12.

1. Barren fronds resembling those of 262), but not gland¬
ular, and, in addition, the lateral nerves of the lobules
are simple (not forked). Fertile fronds much shorter,
pinnatisect, with semi-cylindric segments. Struthiopteris
germanica Willd. — Tess. (Val Maggia, Generoso). 6

Struthiopteris Hoffm. 2636.

697. Woodsia. Woodsia. XXIV, 18.

1. Fronds lanceolate, pinnatisect, with pinnatifid segments.
Petiole and part just below the frond very scaly. —
a. W. hyperborea. Segments of the second order 2 — 3 on
each side, rather distant. — b. \V. ilvensis R. Br. Fronds
broader in contour, more thick with scales below; seg¬
ments of the second order 4 — 6, crowded. — Alp. and
subalp., rare; G. T. W. 0. U. (a. Bevers in the Enga-
dine, Simplon, Calanca, Faido &c. ; b. St. Moritz in the
Engadine). 7 . . . . hyperborea R. Br. 2637.

«o<§x==>

436

Appendix.

IV. Appendix.

List of those species which are indicated in various
works as growing in Switzerland, which are not to be
found or are very doubtful.*)

Achillea Clusiana Tausch., Switz., H eg. A. dent if era Dec Switz.,
Nym. (as also A. tanacetifolia All., lanata Sprgl. and com-
pacta Lam.) A. Herba rota All. Graub. A. odorata L. Switz.
A. serrata Betz. Switz., Willd. ; gr. St. Bernard: Tissiere.
Agave americana L. Rocks near Gandria in Tess. Aira pro-
vincialis Jord. south-western Switz., Nym. Aldrovanda vesi¬
culosa; in one or two of the Swiss lakes, uder Gesellige” No. 1 39,
1882; see “Frontier Plants”. Alisma natans L. Bale. Alo-
pecurus utriculatus L. Tess., Delle. Alsine arvatica. (Are-
naria Presl., conferta Jord.) S. Triphon : Rchb. accord¬
ing to the synonym of Haller n. 870, but which surely be¬
longs to A. Jacquini. A. grineensis Gr. Godr. (Mcehringia
Thomasiana Gay. Bert. 6. 625.) southern Switz., Nym. A. Villarsii
M. K. Switz., Heg. ; Pilatus, Steiger. Aly&sum argenteum Vitm.
between the Val Tornanche and Chatillon in Wall. Heg.
A. campestre L. Wall. A. minimum Willd. Wall.? Koch.
Amarantus hybridus v. helveticus Willd. Switz. Andropogon
distackyus L. Tess. Sehleich. Antennaria alpina Gdrtn. High
Alp., Heg. Engadine, Heer. Anthemis austriaca Jacq. Tess.
Antirrhinum- Asarina L. Geneva. A. lati folium Mill . Neu-
chatel, Benth. in Dec. prodr. Aquilegia Bauhini Schott (Ein-
seleana F. Schultz, pyrenaica Gaud, not Dec.), Lugano.
Arabis Gerardi Bess., Faulhorn, Heer niv. FI. Schwz. 96, 105.
A. verna L. see N Beitr. I, 35. Aristolochia pallida Willd.
Yalle Bergami C. Tess. Koch. A. Pistolochia L. Tess. Heg.
Armenia vulgaris Willd. Valleys of the southern Alp. H eg.Arundo
Donax L. Scolochloa Donax Gaud.) Tess. A. Pliniana Turr.
Switz, R. B. Z 1823. Asperula Icevigata L. Swiss Alp., Laich.
Astragalus Gerardi (Phaca- Vill.). High Alp. Heg. Dauphine.
A. purpureus Lam. Mt. Rosa, Bert. Atriplex nitens Schk. Bale,
Wirtg. Rhine. Reised. A. oblongifolia W. K. Bale, Heer.
Avena sesquitertia L. (amethystina Clar.). Foot of the Gemini;
Alioth in litt. A. lucida Bert, (differing from A. pubescens,
it is said, in the spikelets being almost only V2 the size
and the Is narrower) Generoso, Caruel, Penzig.

Barkhausia alpina Dec. M. Generoso. B. recognita Hall. f.
Nyon, Gaud., perhaps adventitious, as at Besangon and in
Alsace! Betula humilis Schrank. in turfosis subalpinis

*) For doubtful hybrids see N. Beitr. Ill, 26.

Appendix.

437

Regel in Dec. prodr. Briza minor L. Vevey. Buffonia
perennis Ponrr. Wall. Nym. B. tenuifolia L. (with macrocarpa)
Wall., Willk. Fiihrer, 2nd edit. Bulliarda VaiUantii Dec.
Bale. Bupleurum angulosum L. (pyrenseum Gou.) Wall. See
Gr. Godr. B. aristatum Bartl. (Odontites Gaud, not L.). Wall.

B. gramini folium Vahl. (petrseum Gr. Godr. nec Rchb.)*)
Tess. B. junceum L. Sion, Bale. B. tenuissimum L. Bale.

Calamintha thymifolia Rchb. Switz, Koch Taschenbuch.
Campanula Allionii Vill. Wall. C. alpina L. Graub. Scbeid-
eck. C. ccespitosa Scop. Nicolaithal, Gay and E. Thom, in
Gaud. syn. ed. Monnard. M. Generoso, Penzig. C. Elatines
L. Andermatt; see N. Beitr. Ill, 22. C. linifolia Lam. nec
alior. Switz. Duconi. Mont d’Or in the Jura? Gren. (C. lini¬
folia Scop. = C. carnica Schiede in Tyrol). Capparis spi-
nosa L. transalpine Switz. Heg. Cardamine deitata Schult.
Wunachthal, Merkl. Verz. C. thalictroides All., see N. Beitr.
I, 34. At Brevent, Mt. Blanc, St. Lager, accordirg to Just
Jahresber. 1882. 704. Carduus arctioides Willd. Val Bevers
and Bernina, Moritzi; Schatzalp. FI. von Davos, Geissler.

C. hamulosus Ehrh. Switz. Gris, according to Nym. Carex
baldensis, Wall., Eginenthal, Lagger. C. Berlolonii Schk. (Switz,
Schk, C. Icevigata Sm. Switz. Gaud. C. Linkii Schk. (gyno-
mane Bert.) Mt. Generoso, Thom. C. Schreberi Schrank Tess ,
Bale, Alsace; “Abbonda a preferenza nella Lombardia o
nella Svizzera Italiana” Parlat fl. it. II, 138. Centciurea
asperaL. southern Switz. Heg. C. Cineraria L. Lower Engadine,
Bale. C. Stcebe L. (Tess.?) between Loueche and the baths,
C. Stein. C. uniflora L. Graub. C. variegata Lam. (seusana
Chaix) southern Switz. Nym. Cerastium campanulatum Fir.
Wall. Schleich. according to Rchb. C. Boissieri Gren. Wall.,
Engl. Entwickl. d. Pflanzenreichs (Alpes vaudoises of Pie-
mont!). Cerinthe minor L. Pfirt, Aarau. Cheer ophyllum aro-
maticum L. Balgach, Canton St. Gall, Custer. Ch. bulbosum
L. Bale, Bern. Cheilanthes fragrans Hook. Tess , between
Domo d’Ossola and Villa, Milde. Chrysanthemum corona-
rium L. (Pinardia coronaria Less.) La Combaz in Wall.
Cirsium anglicum Lam. northern Switz. Lolir. C. canum
Bieb. southern Switz. Heg C. pannonicum Gaud. Mt. Gene¬
roso, Gaud. Clematis Flammula L. Graub. Cnicus benedictus
L. Wall. Cnidium venosum Koch. Jura, Koch, Heg. Conringia
austriaca Andrz. Val d’Entremont, Schleich. according to
Heg. Corynephorus articulatus Beauv. Tess. Lohr. C. canes-
cens Beauv. Geneva, Bale, Schaffh. Corydalis pumila Rchb.
Chiasso, Canton Tess., Franzoni in Grml. Beitr., according
to an oral communication from Muret, but very doubtful.
Crepis pvlchra L. French Jura, Aostathal, Tyrol, Wurtembg.,

*) B. petrseum Rchb. = B. stellatum according to Rchb. f.

438

Appendix.

Alsace, also all round Switz. Crocus luteus Lam. Appenz.,
Glar. Cuscuta approximata Babg. Switz. Engelm. Cytisus
sessilifolius L., between Como and Bellinzona, Chillon, Freibg.

Dentaria enneaphyllos L. Switz., Heg. Dianthus liburni-
cus Bartl. Tess. or Yeltlin, Heg. Switz. Willk. Icon. hisp.
Miinsterthal, Lehmann, stud, med., oral communication.
Littoral plant! D. neglectus Lois, (glacialis Gaud.) Umbrail,
Alp. of Glarus. D. sylvaticus Hopp. Switz. Borbas (D. sylva-
ticus Suppiger in Steiger FI. according to Miihlberg = bar-
batus). Draba Aizoon Wahlb. Subalp., especially in the warm
parts of Switz., Heg. D. nemoralis Ehrh. Switz. Schleich.
according to Heg. D. stellata Jacq. Wall, and Graub., Heg.
Wormserjoch, Moritzi. Ex editis montis Generoso ad Larium,
Bert., Penzig.

Elatine major A. Br. Graub. E. triandra L. Bale. Elodes
palastris Spach, Switz., Nym. Endoptera Dioscoridis Dec. (Crepis
globifera Hall, f.) Neuchatel, Zofingen, Bale. Endymion pa-
tulus Gr. Gd. (Scilla patula Gaud.) Switz. near Chamonix.
Ilchb. E. non scriptus Gark. (nutans Dumort. Hyacinthus
Hall. n. 1248) Montreux, Hall.; in 1877 I found one spe¬
cimen above Yevey. Erica arborea L. Tess. Erodium Ci-
coninm Willd. Wall., Heg. Erysimum canescens Roth., Wall,
(the pi. of the Aostatlial appears to be E. australe Gay). Equi-
setum scirpoides Michx . Schollenen , Andermatt, Karsten
pharm. med. Botanik 282. Euphorbia Esula L. Switz. E. pep-
loides Gon. Aigle. E. serrata L. in agro Ticinense Helvet ;
Muret according to Boiss. Dec. prodr.; wrongly indicated
according to an oral communication of Muret! Euphrasia
tricuspidaia L. Graub., Heg.

Eestuca flavescens Bell, nec Host, between the Creux de
Jaman and the Col de la Vire, Gay according to Gaud,
syn. ed. Monn.; true? F. vaginata W. K. Wall., Gaud. Fu-
maria parviflora Lam. Baden, God.

Gagea bohemica, pusilla and spathacea Schult. all 3 in
Switz., Heg. Galega officinalis L. Graub., Lausanne, Aarau,
Randen. Galium hypnoides Vill. Reculet, Cariot. G. obliquum
Vill. (myriantlium Jord., pallens Thuill.) south. -west. Switz.,
Nym. Gentiana prostrata Hank. Albula, Loretz according to
Yulpius 0. B. Z. 1858. Geranium macrorhizum L. Briinig,
Vulpius. Gladiolus illyricus Koch. Tess. ? Gymnogramme
leptophylla Desv. Saleve in Switz., herb. Schleich according
to Milde. Gypsophyla fastigiata L Septimer, transalp. Switz.,
Thom, in herb. Burnat!

Hacquetia Epipactis Dec. At the foot of the greater
St. Bernard, Koch (Italian side!). Helianthemum marifolium
Dec.. Swiss Jura, Dec. fl. fr. Helosciadium inundatum Koch..
Novi lie near Roche. Helichrysum arenarium Dec., Tess.? Heg.
Switz., Nym. //. Stoechas Dec. Blonay, Gaud. Heracleum

Appendix.

439

austriacum L. Albula, Loretz according to Yulpius. N. Beitr.IV,
210. Heliosperma alpestre Rchb. Graub.? Heg. Herniaria incann
Lam. Bale, once, Hagenbach. Hierac-ium diaphanum Fr. (sylvati-
cura integrifolium Christener?) Upper Engadine, Montbovon,
AVetterhorn (silv. int.). Jura, Gren. according to Christener
in a letter H. dinaricum Fr. Switz., Nym. H. echioides Lum-
nitz. Wallis, Schleich. according to Gaud. syn. H. fiagellare
Wtlld. (stoloniflorum Koch p. not W. K.) western Switz..
Heg. H. porrifolium L. Tess., Koch. H pumilum Lap. (brevi-
scapum Dec ), Gr. St. Bernard, Tiss. B. S. M. 4, 63. H. ra-
mosum W. K. Jorat (not Jovat), Koch, evidently taken from
Suter’s fl. helv. ed. Heg. H. saxifragum Fr. Switz., Nym.
Hierochloa australis R. Sch., Switz., Nym. Hippocrepis uni-
siliquosa L. Geneva. Homogyne discolor Cass. Switz., distrib.
Heg. Hypochceris glabra L. Bale.

Jasione perennis Lam. Tess. Heg. Jasminum fruticans L.
Rocks near Neuchatel and Lugano, Heg. J. grandiflorum L.
Tess., in vineyards, here and there as if indigenous, Heg.
Iberis umbellata L. Nyon, Gaud. Inula montana L., Creux
du Van, Glarus I. helenioides , see N. Beitr. I, 35. Juncus
atratus Krock. Zugerberg, Bamberger (evidently invented!).
./. tenuis Willd. Mt. Generoso, Penzig.

Laserpitium alpinum IT. K. Graub. between Reichenau
and Thusis, Vill. according to Gaud, syn Graub. Heg.
L. marginatum W. K. Mt. Generoso, Ct. Tessin, and Hinter-
rhein in Graub., Koch. L. nitidum Zant. (hirtellum Gaud.)
Tess., Rchb. f. L. peucedanoides L. Tess., Koch, Rchb. La-
thyrus angulatus L., Branson. Lavatera tliuringiaca L. Tess.
and Yeltlin, Heg. (wanting in Italy!) Lenina arrhiza L.
Sursee. Leontodon alpinus Vill , Wall. Annal. soc. bot. Lyon.
1878. Lepidium subulatum L., Wall. Limnanthemum nym -
phoides Link. Bale. Lilium candidum L. Neuveville and
Canton Neuchatel, become spontaneous, Gaud. Linaria pur¬
purea Mill. Romainmotier, Monnard in Gaud. syn. L. supina
Desf. Val Lens, Thom, according to Gaud. syn. Lindernia
pyxidaria L. Geneva, Bale. Linum narbonense L. Mt. Gene¬
roso, Ducomm. Lupinus angustifolius L. Echallens, Vaud.
L. albus L. Tess., cultivated as fodder, Heg. Luzula glabrata
Hopp. Appenzell in the Wagenlucke, passing over to L. spa-
dicea, C. Stein. L. parviflora Desv., Switz, Nym. L. pedi-
formis Dec., Simplon, E. Meyer.

Malva borealis Wallm., Switz., Heg., Lucerne, Steiger.
Wurtemberg! Mandragora officinalis Mill., Mt. Generoso.
Melilotus dentata Pers., Bale, Schleich. Moehringia diversi
folia Dollin. Mt. Generoso, Penzig. Myosotis repens Don.
Switz., Heg. Canton Vaud, Dur. Pitt. (A good species ac¬
cording to Hooker and Lange.) M. sparsifiora Mik. Switz.,

440

Appendix.

Heg. Myriophyllum alterniflorum Dec., Noville near the lake
of Geneva, Charpent. according to Rchb.

Narcissus odorus L. Geneva. Nepeta Nepetella L. (lanceo-
lata Lam.) Southern valleys of the Alps, Heg. Nuphar Spen-
nerianum Gaud. Constance? Heg. Zurich, Sendtner R. B. Z.
1858. Schmidtmoos near Amsoldingen, Fischer-Ooster. ac¬
cording to Jaccard in correspondence.

Oenanthe silai folia Bieb. Switz., Heg. Oenothera muri-
cala L., Bale, Moritzi. Ononis hircina Jacq. Wall. Orchis
provincialis Balb , Tessin. Ornithogalum splice rocarpum Kern .
(pyrenaicum Koch not L.) Switz., Nym. Bale, Wirtg. Rhein.
Reisefl. Orobanche pallidifiora W. Gr. Graub., Rhiner. 0. pro-
cera Koch, Switz.? Heg O.pruinosa Lap. Tess. ? Heg. Branson
in Wall., found in 1847 by E. Brown, verified by Reut. :
Burnat manuscr., but this locality is omitted by Reut. in Dec.
prod. Ostericum palustre Bess. Switz.? Heg. Oxytropis pyre-
naica G G. Mt. Generoso, Penzig.

Pceonia corallina Betz. Tess., Ducom. P. officinalis Betz.
Mt. Generoso. Pedicularis comosa L. Tess.? Heg. P. Hacquetii
Graf , Tess., Lavizzari. P. Sceptrum Carolinum L. Binninger-
ried, near the frontier of Canton Schaffhausen, still there
in 1851, disappeared since 1859. Petroselinum segetum Koch.
Val Erguel, Hall. ; found near Bex in 1877 by Favrat and
Vetter, evidently accidentally introduced. Peucedanum alsa-
ticum L. Western and transalpine Switz , Heg. P. officinale
L. Swiss Jura, Kirschleger, later revoked. Plilomis tuberosa
L. Switz.? Ducom. Phyteuma comosum L. between Lugano
and Porlessa, Ct. Tessin, Moritzi. Ph. Charmelii Vill. Mt. Ge¬
neroso, Caruel, Penzig. Pinguicula longifolia Dec. (leptoceras
var. Rchb. f.) Jura. Maritime Alps! Plantago Coronopus L.
Geneva. P. maritima L. (graminea Lam.) Tess. and Enga-
dine? Ducom. Poa badensis Hank. Switz., Nym. Podosper-
mum calcitrap ifol i u m Dec. Wall, (not in Alsace). Polygo-
natum latifolium Desf. Glarus, Heer in Heg. suppl. Poly¬
gonum Bell ardi All. Wall., Tess., Heg. Potamogeton polygoni-
foiius Pourr. (oblongus Viv.) Switz., Nym. P. rutilus Wolfg.
Switz., Nym. P. spathulatus Schrad. Marais de Rolle, Thom,
according to Rchb. P. trichoides Cham. Schlecht. Constance,
Doll Rhein. FI., revoked in the FI. v. Bad. Ditches near
Bregenz, Sauter according to Rchb. Icon. Potentilla cinerea
and P. subacanlis L. Switz. Tratt. ros. Preslia cervina Fres.
Lausanne. Primula Clusiana Tausch. Northern Switz., Nym.
P. Floerkeana Schrad. (glutinosa-minima) Engadine, Ducom.;
the pi. of Heg. is P. Muretiana. P. mar ginata Curt. Wall., Graub.,
Heg. P. minima L. Gotthard, Graub. P.pedemontana 77mm. Wall.,
Graub., Heg. and according to him Koch. Lesser Schia-
horn near Davos, Geissler. P. spectabilis Tratt . (intermedia Heg.
ex Rchb. f.) Tess., Heg. Prunus Chamcecerasus Jacq. Warm parts

Appendix.

441

of Switz., Heg. P. Laurocerasus L. Tess. and Yeltlin, sub-
spontaneous, Heg. Pulmonaria saeharata Mill Switz., Miller.
P. ovalis Bast. Genthod, Deseglise; according to Kerner
hybrid between P. affinis Jord. and longifolia Bast.

Quercus Ilex L., transalpine Switz. Koch.

Ranunculus Baudotii Godr. Wall., Willk. Fiihrer, second
ed. R. cassubicus L. Graub. (R. auricomus fallax W. Gr.
has been taken for this.) R. crenatus W. I\. Graub towards
the Veltlin, Heg. R. hederaceus L. Pfirt. R. pygrnceus Wahlb.
Swiss Alp., Kittel. Rapistrum perenne All. Aargau, Duconi.
Rhamnus rupestris Scop. Switz.? Ileg, Rhododendron Chamce-
cistus L. Graub.? Rhus typhinum L. Tess. almost sponta¬
neous, Heg. Rubus affinis TV. N. Switz., Nym. (the pi. of
the 1st edition of my Excursions^, appears to be R. ccesius-
thyrsanthus). R. Chamcemorus L., a specimen of Schleicher’s
in the Leyden Herb., O. Kuntze, Methodik 153. R. arduen-
nensis Lib. Excursionsfl. 3rd ed. is to be eliminated; R. Mer-
cieri which Focke inserts there, is very different. R. Spren-
gelii W. N. Bern. Fischer-Ooster. R. rhamnifolius W. N.
Switz,, Grml. = macrostemon. R. thyrsifiorus TV. N. Switz.?
Nym. consp. R. villicaulis Kohl. Switz.? Nym. consp. R. vul¬
garis TV. N. Switz., various authors. R. Schleicheri TV. N.
Discovered, according to the authors, in Switz. by Schleicher;
we have hitherto seen no Swiss specimen. Rumex dome *-
ticus Hartrn. Jura, Gr. God., revoked by omission in Gren. FL
jur. R. maximus Schreb. (probably aquaticus-Hydrolapathum )
Switz., Heg., Nym. R. sylvestris Wahlb. Schaffh. near Gen-
nersbrunn, Merkl. Yerz. (wanting in the Grand Duchy of
Baden according to Doll; a more northern species). Ruta
moniana Vill. Tess., Pilatus.

Sagina nivalis Fr. see Beitr. 94. Salix glabra Scop.
Graub., Vulpius. S. undulata Ehrh. (alba-triandra) Switz.?
Gaud.; a rare hybrid hitherto almost exclusively found in the
North of Germany' Santolina Chamcecyptarissus L.W aW.Saponaria
Pumilio Endl. Furca on the Uri-side, Moritzi according to
Heer in Heg. suppl., revoked by the collector himself. -S'.
lutea L. Southern Switz. in the Val Tornanche, Koch (Pi6-
montese side!). Saxifraga Burseriana L. southern Switz..
Engler Monogr. 1872. S. apennina Bert, (cuneifolia subintegra
Ser. Engl.) Bernese Alps, Ser. S. decipiens Ehrh. (ceespitosa
Koch nec auct. helv.) Berneck in the Rhine valley of
St. Gallen, Christ. Verbreit. der Alpenpfl. ; there is probably
a confusion with Berneck in the Fichtelgebirge, where this
species is found as well as the closely allied S. sponhemica
Gmel.) S. Hostii Tausch. (elatior M. K.) Graub. at Umbrail
and towards Bormio, Heg. S. hypnoides L. Gemmi. S. sedoides
L. M. Yergy near Geneva, Engl, (wanting in Reuter’s catal );
“habui ex Speluga in Rheetia”, Bertol. S. Hohenwartii Sternb.

30

442

Appendix.

Switz., Schl. according to Heg. S. umbrosa L. Rotien in
Graub., an ornamental pi. I Scabiosa ochroleuca L. Schaffh.,
Michelfelden near Bale; wanting in the Gr. Duchy of Baden.
Bee N. Beitr. Ill, 11. Scilla autumnal is L. Delsberg? Ducom.
S. verna L. Kleinlaufenburg , A. Braun; it is S. italica.
Scirpus radicans Schk. Grosne near Delle; Montandon ac¬
cording to Kirschl. fl. vog. rhen.; Bregenz, common, Sauter.
Scorzonera glasti folia Willd. (montana Mut. Gaud, syn.)
Switz. rare, Koch. S. Candollei Vis. (angustifolia Dec. prodr.)
Southern Switz., Nym. Scutellaria hastifolia L. Switz., Heg.
and according to him Gaud. Sedum hirsutum A/Z.Roseggthalin the
Engadine (probably confused with S. dasypliyllum). S. stella-
tum L. Gex, Mt. Aubrig, Gossau. Sempervivum hirtum L.
Switz.? Heg. S. soboliferum Sims. Switz.? Heg. Senecio brachy-
chcetus Dec. (Cineraria longifolia Jacq.) Wall and Graub.,
Heg.; (this is the Cin. tenuifolia Gaud, ex loc. natal. (Lavi-
rums), recently cited by Bouvier as Sen. Balbisianus. S.
fluviatilis Wallr. (sarracenicus L. ex Koch) Switz., Linn.
S. subalpinus Koch , Switz, Boiss. Seseli athamantoides (Liba-
notis atham. Dec. Koch; differing from S. Libanotis in its
glabr. fr.) Switz., Heg. Sesleria argentea Sav. (elongata Host.)
Tess., Heg. Sesleria pedemontana Boiss. and Rent. Helv. mer.-
occ. Yaldensian Alps, Leresche and Centurier, Nym. consp.
706 (i. e. the Yaudois Alps of Piemont!). S', sphcerocephala
Ard. Southern Switz., Koch. Sideritis montana L. Tess.?
Heg. S. scordioides L. nec Koch, Bale. Silene parviflora Pens.
Tess. towards Mendrisio, Heg. S. nutans v. incana Ser. in
Dec. prodr. = S. nutans-nemoralis? Rchb., Wall.; S. nemo-
ralis (more rightly S. floccosa Fic. sub. Cucubalo) is not
found in Switz. Siler trilobum Crantz. St. Moritz? Heg.
Sinapis Cheiranthus Koch. Bale , llagenbacli ; Branson in
Wall., Bouvier. S. dissecta Lag. Yilleneuve, once. Sisymbrium
pulyceratium L. Geneva, Bern, Bale; found again in 1850
by Schlumberger near Grenzach, Kirschl. Soldanella mon¬
tana Mik. Subalp , not rare, Heg. Spergula pentandra L.
Bale. Sp. Morisonii Bor. Switz., Nym. Spergularia Dillenii
Lebel. (salina Presl. Lepigonum salinum and medium Nym.)
Switz., Nym. Spiraea obovata W. K. Neuchatel, especially
on the walls of vineyards; widely distrib. in France in the
Department of Cher, Gay, also doubtless spontaneous in
Switz., Koch syn. add. Stachys italica Mill. Frontier of Tess.
and Veltlin, Heg. Stellaria neglecta Weihe. Bremgarten, Aar-
gau, Boll. Subularia aquatica L. Kleinriehen near Bale,
Gmel fl. bad. Yog.

Teucrium lucidum L. St. Bernard, Rchb. Thalictrum
datum Jacq. Switz., Hausm. Th. medium Jacq. Switz.? Regel.
Th. nigricans Scop. Near Anet and along the Broie. Th.
rufinerve Lej. Lake of Neuchatel, God. Th. sylvaticum Koch.

Appendix.

443

Lower Engadine, Briigg. Thesium ebracteatum Hayne near
Dorflingen, Schaffh. Heer in Heg. suppl. Th. hum if u mm
Dec. Geneva, Gren. Thalaspi cepcefolium Koch. Baths of
Loueche, Heg. Rawyl, Lolir. Zermatt, Koch. Th. prvecox
Wulf. Tess.? Heg. Thrincia hispida Roth. Glarus, Heer Vaud,
Gaud. Tragopogon crocifolius L. Gr. St. Bernard, Koch. (Ita¬
lian side!) Trifolium noricum Wulf. Switz. Triglochin rna-
ritimum L. Switz. Trigonella foenum graecum L. Hementhal,
Ct. Schaffh., subspontaneous, Gaud. Heg. Trisetum alpestre
Beauv. Alp. and subalp., Heg. Tulipa Gcsneriana L. and
Oculus Solis, Chabert in B. S. F 1883, 255. T. Oculus solis.
“Habemus Ocul. sol. veram ex eodem loco (Vales.)” a Thom.,
Backer rev.

Umbilicus pendulinus Dec. Belgirate, Ct. Tessin, Lago
Maggiore, Koch (outside Switzerland!)

Valeriana elongata L. Tess., Graub. ? Heg. V. f’hu L.
Wall., Heg. Ventenata av>enacea Koel. (Avena tenuis Monch.)
Switz., Schleicli. Verbascum anstriacum Schott, (orientale
Koch p. Warm parts of Switz., Koch (probably on the in¬
dication of Heg.). V. lanatum Sc.hrad. Tess. Heg. V. rubi-
ginosum “W. K.” (nigr. — phoeniceum). Montreux, Koch; the
true rubiginosa = V. austriacum —phoeniceum). V. Chaixi
Vill. (orientale var. Koch). Switz., NVillk. and Lange fl. hisp.
Veronica longifolia L. Switz., Nym. Vicia rassubica L. southern
Switz., Heg. and probably afterwards Nvm.; Bale, Wirtg.
Reisefl. southern Tyrol! V. cordata Wulf, Koch. Warm parts
of Switz., Heg. Aarau, E. Zschokke. V. villosa Roth. Wall.,
Graub., Koch probably on the indication of Heg. Viola Co-
mollia Mass. Bergiin, Briigg., revoked later, Mt. Generoso.
Penzig. V. cornuta L. Jura, auct. vet.; “nuper vero circa
Comum lectam misit Guthnick” ; Gaud. syn. Mt. Grammont!
probably planted. V. rothomagensis Desv. Scliynpass, Graub.,
Briigg. V. Zoysii Wulf. Wall, on the ascent of the Chena-
letta, Perroud, according to Just, Jahresber.

Xeranthemum cylindraceum Sm. Sion.

Zannichellia pedicillata Fr. Switz., Nym.

Frontier plants.

Aostathal. Achillea Morisiana. Aegilops cylindrica.
Aethionema Thomasianum Gay. Chapelle du Cret: Wolf!
Alsine Villarsii. Armeria plantaginea. Astragalus alopecu-
roides. Campanula Allionii. Carlina acanthifolia. Centaurea
uniflora. Cheilanthes fragrans. Crepis pulchra. Crupina Mo-
risii Bor. Dianthus neglectus. D. tener Balb. Col de 1’ Arietta !
Erodium Ciconium: Festuca flavescens. Hacquetia Epipactis.
Heleocharis carniolica. Inula montana. Kochia prostrata.

444

Appendix.

Mandragora officinalis. Nepeta Nepetella. Ononis cenisia.
Pedicularis Allionii Rclib. f. (rosea auct. pi.) Alpe Chavannis,
Cogne;Wolf! Podospermum calcitrapifolium. Potentilla pen-
sylvanica. Barma plenga, 1300 w, Cogne, in abundance:
Wolf! Primula confinis Schott. P. pedemontana. Salvinia
natans. Santolina Chammcyparissus. Saponaria lutea. Sedum
pruinatum Brot. (elegans Lej.) indicated on the gr. St. Bernard.
Sesleria pedemontana. Tragopogon crocifolius. Tribulus ter-
restris. Yerbascum Chaixi (according to Bouvier).

Lake of Como. Allium insubricum Boiss. and Reut.
Alopecurus (Colobachne) Gerardi. Alsine grineensis (Moeh-
ringia Thomasiana Gay). Aquilegia Einseleana F. Schultz
Bauhini Schott). Asperula umbellata Reut. Avena semper-
virens Yill. (according to Parlatore ; Christ gives: A. Nota-
risii Pari.) Biscutella auriculata. Briza minor. Campanula
elatinoides. C. Raineri Carex baldensis. C. Michelii (accord¬
ing to Pari.) Cerastium carinthiacum. Cirsium pannonicum.
Corynephorus canescens. Cyperus Michelianus Link (Scirpus
L.). Cytisus purpureus. C. sessilifolius. Doronicum Column®
Ten. (cordifolium Sternb. 1818). Euphorbia carniolica. E.
variabilis. Gladiolus illyricus. Hieracium porrifolium. Laser-
pitium peucedanoides. Lindernia pyxidaria. Medicago car-
stiensis. Melandrium (Silene) Elisabethse (Jan.) Rohrb. Orchis
papilionacea. 0. provincialis. Pedicularis acaulis. Peuce-
dauum nitidum (hirtellum Gaud). P. Schottii. Phyteuma
Charmelii Yill. P. comosum L. Potentilla nitida. Primula
glaucescens Moretti (calycina Duby). Quercus Ilex. Salix
glabra. Saxifraga Pon® (petr®a Engl.). S. sedoides. Scabiosa
Hladnikiana. Scorzonera aristata Ram. (alpina Hopp.) accord¬
ing to Christ. Sesleria sphserocephala. Spartium junceum.
Telekia speciosissima. Trapa verbanensis. Trisetum alpestre.
Umbilicus pendulinus. Yiola Dubyana Burnat (declinata
Gaud).

Yeltlin (with Bormio and Chiavenna). Alopecurus utri-
culatus. Aristolochia pallida. A. Pistolochia (according to
Hall, and Rchb.). Cercis Siliquastrum. Erica arborea. He-
racleum Pollinianum Bert. Rhododendron Cham®cistus. Ses¬
leria tenella Host. ( microcepliala Koch). Telekia specio¬
sissima. Yiola Comollia.

Tyrol. See Hausmann FI. v. Tyrol. Astragalus vesi-
carius, Glurns. Betula humilis, Trafoi. Cerastium carin¬
thiacum. Ephedra vulgaris C. A. Mey. Luzula glabrata. Ra¬
nunculus hybridus. R. pygmseus Walilb. Saxifraga Hostii.
S. rh®tica Kerner. Senecio Cacaliaster. Siler trilobum, Fin-
stermiinz according to Hausm. Yerbascum austriacum Schrad.
(orientale Koch p.). Yiola Schultzii.

Lake of Constance. (Bregenz, Lindau, Constance,
Hohgau.) Aldrovanda vesiculosa; Logsee, a small pond in

Appendix.

445

the “Bodenseeried” outside the small village of Gaissau,
Vorarlberg. Allium nigrum, Ueberlingen. Betula humilis
Schrank. Chserophyllum bulbosum, Hohgau. Scirpus radi-
cans, Bregenz according to Sauter. — See Brunner , Verzeich-
niss der Phanerog. und Gefasscrypt. des Bezirks Diessen-
hofen, des Raudens und des Hohgaus in Mitth. der thurg.
naturf. Gesellschaft.

Alsace and the Grand Duchy of Baden. (Neigh¬
bourhood of Bale ) See Schneider, Flora v. Basel. 1880.

French Jura. See Grenier , Flore jurassique and suppl.

Savoy. See Bouvier, FI. des Alpes.

Adventitious Flora.

See N. Beitr. I, 33, Deseglise in bull. 8oc. d’etude, sc. de Paris 1881
and Vetter and Barbey in B. S. M. XI, 1883.

Ranunculace®. Clematis Viticella. Ranunculus mu-
ricatus. — Papaveraceae. Papaver setigerum. — Fumaria-
cese. Fumaria anatolica. — Cruciform. Alyssum maritimum.
A. Wierzbikii. Biscutella cichoriifolia. Brassica elongata.
Diplotaxis erucoides. Eruca hispida. E. stenocarpa. Erisy-
nium repandum. Iberis umbellata. Lepidium heterophyllum
Benth. (Smithii Hock.). L. perfoliatum. Malcolmia maritima.
Rapistrum orientale. R. perenne. Sinapis dissecta. Sisym¬
brium Column®.— S i 1 e n a c e se. Gypsopliyla fastigiata. Silene
cretica. S. dichotoma. S. pendula. — Malvaceae Malva bo¬
realis. — P a p i 1 i o n a c e se. Medicago lappacea. Trifolium pur-
pureum. T. supinum. Yicia pannonica. V. villosa. — Rosa¬
cea?. Aremonia agrimonoides — Ficoide®. Tetragonia ex¬
pan sa. — C ucurbitace®. Ecballium agreste. — Crass u 1 acete.
Sedum populifolium (Aarburg, for a long time : Rutti ; Aigle:
Jaccard). — Umbelli ferae. Bupleurum protractum. Caucalis
muricata. Petroselinum segetum. Y a 1 e r i an a c e ®. Vale¬
riana Phu. — Dipsaceae Cephalaria syriaca. — Compo sitae.
Achillea compacta Willd. nec Lam. Anthemis austriaca.
A. ruthenica. Artemisia Tournefortii. Calliopsis tinctoria.
Carduus hamulosus. Centaurea Biebersteinii (maculosa var.?).
C. diffusa. C. Sadleriana. C. orientalis. Chrysanthemum se¬
getum. Crepis lampsanoides. Doronicum scorpioides. Eupa-
torium maculatum. Galinsoga parviflora (see Excur&ionsfl.
2nd ed. p. 274 and N. Beitr. I, 49). Lagoseris bifida. Micro-
lonchus Clusii. M. salmanticus. Nardosmia fragrans (Geneva
since 1866. Lugano). Picris pauciflora. Senecio vernalis.
Solidago glabra. S. graminifolia (N. Beitr. I, 14). Tragopogon.
brevirostris Dec.? — A m b r o s i a c e m. Ambrosia artemisise-
folia. — E r i c a c e ee. Erica vagans (N. Beitr. I, 34).— As cl e-

446

Appendix.

piadeee. Yincetoxicum nigrum.— P o 1 e m o n i a c e ee. Phlox
Drummondii.— C o n v o 1 v u 1 a c e ee. Convolvulus siculus. C.
tricolor. Pharbitis hispida. — Boragineee. Cynoglossum pic-
tum. Lithospermum apulum. Nonnea lutea. Symphytum tau-
ricum (and orientale ?).— S o 1 an ac e ee. Petunia nyctagini-
flora. Solanum verrucosum (see Dec. prodr. XII, 677 ).—
Scrophulariaceee. Antirrhinum Asarina. Linaria pur¬
purea. Mimulus luteus. Yerbascum austriacum. Y. Chaixii.
V. phoeniceum. Yeronica peregrina. — Labia tee. Salvia
sylvestris. S. verbenaca. Scutellaria Columnee. Sideritis mon-
tana. Stachys italica.— P r i m u 1 a c e ee. Lysimachia Ephe-
merum. Primula japonica (N. Beitr. I, 84).— P 1 an t a g i-
n ace ee. Plantago argentea Chaix. P. Coronopus. — Ama-
rantaceee. Amarantus albus. A. oleraceus. A. patulus.
A. paniculatus.— C h e n o p o d i a c e ee. Chenopodium ambro-
sioides. Salsola Kali. Sueeda maritima. — P o 1 y g o n ac e ee.
Polygonum cuspidatum. P. orientale. — Liliaceee. Asplio-
delus clavatus. — Gramineee. Aegilops ovata. A. squarrosa.
Bromus macrostachys. B. madritensis B. maximus. B. rubens.
Elymus crinitus. Hordeum maritimum. Koeleria phleoides.
Phalaris quadrivalvis Lag. (brachystachys Gr. G.). Ph. para-
doxa. Triticum villosum. Vulpia incrassata.

Addenda.

Rosa pomifera-rubiginosa. Zermatt; Christ. — Epilobium.
New: E. nutans Tausch (alpinum var. K. E. heterophyllum
Heg.) Alp.; G. W. 0. U. Hybrids: E. collinum-parviflorum,
Lamyi-parvifl., montanum-origanifolium (salicifolium Faech.),
montanum-palustre — Heracleum Pollinianum Bert. ValCamo-
gask: Morth. Cornaz.— Quercus pubescens-sessiliflora (gla-
brescens Kern.? not Benth.) near Liestal : Christ. — Ulex
europeeus: Monte San Bernardo in Tess , in large quanti¬
ties and without doubt spontaneous: Mari, Favrat.

Alphabetical Index.

447

Alphabetical Index.

(The figures refer to pages.)

Abies 425.

Acer 104.

Aceras 366.

Achillea 215.

Aconite 58.

Aconitum 58.

Acorus 362.

Actsea 59.
Adenophora 276.
Adenostyles 207.
Adiantum 431.

Adonis 53.

Adoxa 196.
Aegopodium 185.
Aesculus 105.
Aethionema 78.
Aethusa 187.

Agave 436.

Agrimonia 147.
Agrimony 147.
Agropyrum 420.
Agrostemma 93.
Agrostis 404.

Aira 409.

Ajuga 319.

Albersia 330.
Alchemilla 165.

Alder Buckthorn 109.
Aldrovanda 436.
Alectorolophus 298.
Alisma 356.

AlTeanet 287.

Alliaria 69.

Allium 375.

Allosorus 430.

Allseed 101.

Alnus 345.

Alopecurus 402. .
Alpine Daisy 209.
Alpine-rose 277.
Alpine Soiv-thistle237.
Alsine 94.

Altheea 102.

Alyssum 72.
Amarantus 329.
Amelanchier 169.

Am mi 185.

Ampelopsis 105.
Amygdalus 126.
Anacamptis 365.
Anagallis 322.
Anarrhinum 294.
Anchusa 287.
Andromeda 277.
Andropogon 399.
Androsace 323.
Androseemum 103.
Anemone 51.

Anethum 191.
Angelica 189.
Antennaria 214.
Anthemis 216.
Anthericum 374.
Anthoxanthum 402.
Anthriscus 193.
Anthyllis 112.
Antirrhinum 294.
Apera 404.

Apium 185.

Aposeris 231.
Aquilegia 58.

Arabis 65.
Archangelica 189.
Archangel 189.
Arctostaphylos 277.
Arenaria 97.

Aretia 324.
Aristolochia 339.
Armeria 327.
Armoracia v. Coeh-
flearia 75.

Arnica 218.

Arnoseris 232.

Arcnia 169.

Aronic 218.

Aronicum 218.
Arrhenatherum 407.
Artemisia 214.

Arum 361.

Arundo 436.

Asarum 339.

Ash 279.

Asparagus 371.
Asperugo 284.

Aspcrula 197.
Asperule 197.
Asphodelus 373.
Asphodel 373.
Aspidium 433.
Asplenium 431.

Aster 208.

Astragalus 118.
Astrantia 184.
Athamanta 188.
Athyrium 432.
Atragene 50.

Atriplex 332.

Atropa 290.

Avena 407.

Avens 127.

Azalea 277.

Ballota 318.

Balm 314.

Balsamita v. Tana-

[cetum 215.
Baneberry 59.
Barbarea 64.
Barberry 60.
Barkhausia 238.
Bartsia 302.

Basilicum 320.

Beaked Parsley 193.
Bear-berry 277.
Bedstraw 198.
Bellidiastrum 209.
Beilis 209.

| Berberis 60.

Berteroa 72.

Berula 186.

Beta 332.

Betonica 317.

Betony 316.

Betula 345.

Bidens 212.

Bifora 195.

Bind-weed 284.
Bird’s-foot 120.
Biscutella 77.
Bitter-cress 67.
Bitter-sweet 289.
i Black-currant 179.

448

Bladdernut 109.
Bladder Senna 117.
Bladderwort 321.
Blechnum 431.

Blitum 332.

Bog-bean 280.
Borage 287.

Borago 287.
Botrychium 429.
Brachy podium 419.
Brassica 70.

Braya 69.

Briza 410.

Bromus 417.

Broom 111.
Broomrape 305.
Brunella 318.

Bryonia 174.

Bryony 174.
Buck-bean 280.
Buck-thorn 109.
Bugle 319.

Buffonia 94.
Bull-wort 185.
Bulbocodium 379.
Bulliarda 437.

Bumas 79.

Bunium v. Carum 185
Buphthalmum 211.
Bupleurum 186.

Bur 226.

Bur -weed 271.
Burnet-saxifrage 186
Butomus 356.
Butter-bur 207.
Butterwort 320.
Buxus 340.
Calamagrostis 405.
Calamint 313.
Calamintha 313.
Calendula 222.
Calepina 79.

Calla 361.
Callianthemum 53.
Callitriche 173.
Calluna 277.

Caltha 57.

Camelina 75.
Campanula 273.
Campion 93.
Candy-tuft 76.
Cannabis 342.
Capparis 437.
Cnpsella 78.

Caraway 185.

Alphabetical Index.

Cardamine 67.
Cardurus 224.

Carex 388.

Carlina 227.

Carline 227.
Carpesium 212.
Carpinus 344.

Carrot 192.

Carthamus 271.

Carum 185.

Castanea 344.
Catabrosa 413.
Catchfly 90.

Cat’s- fool 214.

Cat’ s-ear 235.

Caucalis 192.

Caulina v. Naias 360.
Celandine 62.

Celery 185.

Celtis 343.

Centaurea 228.
Centaury 228.
Centranth 203.
Centranthus 203.
Centuncle 322.
Centunculus 322.
Cephalanthera 367.
Cephalaria 205.

Cerast 99.

Cerastium 99.
Ceratophyll 173.
Ceratophyllum 173.
Cerinthe 289
Ceterach 432.
Cheerophyllum 194.
Chaiturus 318.
Chamsebuxus v. Poly-
[gala 86.

Chanoeorchis 366.
Chamagrostis v. Mi-
[bora 403.
Chamomile 217.
Ciieilanthes 437.
Cheiranthua 63.
Cheledonium 62.
Chenopodium 330.
Cherleria v. Alsine.
Chervil 194.

Chicory 232.

Chlora 280.
Chlorocrepis 241.
Chondrilla 236.
Chrysanthemum 218.
Chrysocoma v. Lino-
[syris 208.

Chrysosplene 183.
Chrysosplenium 183.
Cicely 194.

Cicer 120.

Cichorium 232.

Cicuta 184.

Cineraria v.Senecio2 19
Circsea 172.

Cirsium 222.

Cistus 80.

Cladium 385.

Clematis 50.
Clinopodium v. Cala-
[mintha 313.
Clover 114.

Clypeola 72.

Cnicus 271.

Cnidium 188.
Cochlearia 74.
Cceloglossum 365.
Colchieum 379.
Colt’s-foot 207.
Columbine 58.

Colutea 117.

Comarum 142.
Comfrey 287.
Coral-root 368.
Conium 195.

Conringia 69.
Convallaria 372.
Convolvulus 284.
Conyza 211.
Corallorrhiza 368.
Coriander 195.
Coriandrum 195.
Corn-cockle 93.
Cornflower 228.
Cornel-cherry 196.
Corn-salad 204.
Cornus 195.
Coronariav.Lychnis 93
Coronilla 119.
Corrigiola 175.
Corrigiole 175.
Cortusa 326.

Cory dal 62.

Corydalis 62.

Corylus 344.
Corynephorus 437.
Cotoneastor 167.
Cowbane 184.
Cow-parsnip 191.
Cow-wheat 301.
Cranberry 277.
Crassula v. Sedum 176.

Alphabetical Index.

449

Crataegus v. Mespilus
Crepis 238. [166.

Cress 77.

Crocus 369.

Crupina 231.
Cucubalus 90.
Cucumber 174.
Cucumis 174.
Cucurbita 174.
Cud-weed 213.
Cupre8sus 424.
Cuscuta 284.

Cyclamen 326.
Cydonia 167.
Cynanchum v. Vince-
[toxicum 279.
Cynara 271.

Cynodon 403.
Cynoglossum 285.
Cynosurus 413.
Cyperus 384.
Cypripedium 369.
Cystopteris 435.
Cytisus 111.

Dactylis 413.

Daisy 209.

Dandelion 235.
Danthonia 409.
Daphne 337.

Datura 290.

Daucus 192.
Dead-nettle 314.
Delphinium 58.
Dentaria 68.
Deschampsia 406.
Devil-in-the-bush 58.
Deyeuxia v. Calama-
[grostis 405.
Dianthus 88.
Dictamnus 108.
Digitalis 298.

Digitaria 400.

Dill 191.

Diospyrus 278.
Diplachne v. Molinia
Diplotaxis 71. [413.

Dipsacus 205.
Dock-cress 231.
Dodder 284.
Dog's-tail 413.
Dog’s-tooth-violet 373.
Doronic 218.
Doronicum 218.
Dorycnium 117.

Draba 73.

Dracocephalum 314.
Drosera 86.

Dryas 127.

Duckweed 360.

Ebulum v. Sambucus
Echinochloa 400. [196.
Echinops 222.
Echinosperm 285.
Echinospermum 285.
Echiura 287.

Edelweiss 214.

Elatine 101.

Elder 196.

Elodea 355.

Elymu8 421.

Elyna 388.

Empetrum 339.
Enchanter’s Night-
, [ shade 172.

Endoptera 438.
Endymion 438.
Ephedra 423.
Epilobium 169.
Epimedium 60.
Epipactis 367.
Epipogon 367.
Equisetum 427.
Eragrostis 410.
Eranthis 57.

Erica 277.

Erigeron 209.

Eringo 184.

Erinus 298.
Eriophorum 388.
Eritrichium 285.
Erodium 107.

Erophila 74.

Eruca 72.

Erucago 79.
Erucastrum 71.

Ervum v. Yicia 121.
Eryngium 184.
Erysimum 70.
Erythreea 283.
Erythronium 373.
Euclidium 79.
Eupatorium 207.
Eupatory 207.
Euphorbia 340.
Euphrasia 302.
Euxolus = Albersia 329
Evonymus 109.
Eyebright 302.

Faba v. Vicia 123.
Facohinia = Alsine 94.

Fagopyrum v. Poly-
[gonum 335.
Fagus 344.

Falcaria 185.

False- Brome 419.
False-oat 407.

Fennel 187.

Fescue 414.

Festuca 414.

Ficaria 57.

Ficus 343.

Fig 343.

Fig-wort 292.

Filago 212.
Fimbristylis 388.

Fir 425.

Flax 101.

Flea-bane 209.
FoBniculum 187.
Forget-me-not 285.
Fox-glove 298.
Fox-tail 402.

Fragaria 141.
Frangula 109.
Fraxinella 108.
Fraxinus 279.
Fritillaria 373.
Fritillary 373.

Fro gbit 355.

Fuller’s Thistle 222.
Fumana v. Holian-

[themum 80.
Fumaria 62.

Fumitory 62.

Furze 110.

Gagea 374.

Galanthus 371.

Galega 125.
Galeobdolon 315.
Galeopsis 315.

Galium 198.
Gastridium 406.

Garlic 375.

Gaudinia 420.

Gaya v. Pachypleu-
[rum 189.
Genista 110.

Gentian 280.

Gentiana 280.
Geranium 105.
Germander 320.

Geum 127.

Githago v. Agro-

[stemma 93.
Gladiolus 369.

450

Alphabetical Index.

Glaucium 61.
Glechoma 314.

Globe- flow er 57.
Globe-Thistle 222.
Globularia 327.
Glyceria 412.
Glycyrrbiza 117.
Gnaphalium 213.
Goat’s-beard 233.
Golden-rod 210.
Goodyera 368.
Gooseberry 179.
Gourd 174.

Gout-weed 185.
Grammica. v.Cusc. 284.
Grammitis = Ceterach
Grasses 399. [432.

Grass of Parnassus 86.
Gratiola 294.
Gregorian A retia 324.
Gymnadenia 365.
Gymnogramme 430.
Gypaophila 90.
Habenaria = Coelo-
[glossum 365.
Hacquetia 438.
Hare’s-ear 186.

Hart’ s-tongue 431.
Hart-wort 191.
Hawkbit 232.

Hawk’ s-beard 238.
Hawk-weed 241.
Heart-wort 189.

Heath 277.

Hedera 195.
Hedysarum 120.
Helianthemum 80.
Helianthua 212.
Helichrysum 438.
Heliosperma 92.
Heliotrope 284.
Heliotropium 284.
Hellebore 57.
Helleborine 367.
Helleborua 57.
Heleocharis 385.
Helminth 233.
Helminthia 233.
Helosciadium 185.
Hemerocallis 378.
Hemlock 195.

Henbane 290.
Hepaticav.Aneraone51
Heracleum 191.

Herb Christopher 59.

j Herminimn 366.
Herniaria 175.
Hesperia 68.
Heteropogon 400.
Hieracium 241.
Hierochloa 402.
Himantoglosaum 365.
Hippocrepis 120.
Hippophae 339.
Hippuria 173.

Hog’s Fennel 189.
Holcus 407.

Holly 279.

Holly fern 434.
Holoateum 98.
Holygrass 402.
Homogyne 207.
Honeysuckle 197.

Hop 342.

Hordeum 421.
Horehound 318.
Horminum 314.
Horse-shoe-vetch 120.
Horse-tail 427.
Hottonia 326.

Hound’ s-tongue 285.
House-leek 178.
Hugueninia 69.
Humulus 342.
Hutchinaia 78.
Hydrocharis 355.
Hydrocotyle 184.
Hyoacyamus 290.
Hypericum 103.
Hypochseris 235.
Hyssop 314.

Hyssopus 314.

Iberia 76.

Ilex 279.
lllecebrum 175.
Impatiena 108.
Imperatoria v. Peuce-
[danum 189.
Inula 210.

Inule 210.

Iria 369.

I8atia 79.

Ianardia 172.

Isoetea 426.
l8opyrum 58.

Ivy 195.

Jacob’s ladder 283.
Jaaione 272.

Jasmin 279.

Jaarainum 279.

Juglana 343.

Juncua 380.

Juniper 423.
Juniperua 423.
Kentrophyllum 228.
Kernera 75.
Kidney-vetch 112.
Knautia 205.

Kobreaia 388.
Koeleria 406.
Kohl-rabi 70.

Lactuca 236.

Lady’s mantel 165.
Lady’ s-slipper 369.
Leelia 79.

Lamium 314.
Lampaana 231.

Lappa 226.

Larix v. Abiea 425.
Larkspur 58.
Laaerpitium 192.
Laaiagroatia 403.
Lathrfiea 304.

Lathyru8 124.

Laurua 338.

Lavandula 309.
Lavatera 439.
Lavender 309.

Leek 376.

Leer8ia v. Oryza 401.
Lemna 360.

Lena v. Vida.
Leontodon 232.
Leontopodium 214.
Leonurua 318.
Lepidium 77.
Lepigonium = Sper-
[gularia 93.
Lesser Celandine 57.
Lesser Hawkbit 232.
Lettuce 236.
Leucanthemum 217.
Leucojum 370.
Levisticum 189.
Libanotis v. Seaeli 188.
Ligusticum 188.
Liguatrum 279.

Lilac 279.

Liliaatrum v. Para-

[diaia 374.

Lilium 373.

Lily 373.

Lily-of-the-valley 372.
Lime 102.

Limnanthemum 439.

Alphabetical Index

451

Limodorum 367.
Limosel 294.

Limosella 294.

Linaria 292.

Lindernia 439.

Ling 277.

Linneea 197.

Linosyris 208.

Linum 101.

Liparis = Sturmia 368.
Listera 368.
Lithosperm 286.
Lithospermum 286.
Litorella 329.

Lloydia 373.
Loiseleuria = Azalea
Lolium 422. [277.

Lomatogonium v. Pleu-
[rogyne 280.
Lonicera 197.

Lotus 117.

Louse-wort 299.
Lovage 188.

Lunaria 73.

Lungwort 288.
Lupinus 125.

Luzula 383.

Lychnis 93.

Lycium 289.
Lycopersicum 289.
Lycopodium 426.
Lycopsis v. Anchusa
Lycopus 311. [287.

Lyme-grass 421.
Lysimachia 322.
Lythrum 173.

Madder 198.
Majanthemum v. Smi-
[lacina 372.
Malachium 101.
Malaxis 368.

Mallow 102.

Malva 102.
Mandragora 439.
Maple 104.
Mare’s-tail 173.
Marigold 222.
Marjoram 312.

Marsh Marigold 57.
Marsh Potentil 142.
Marrubium 318.
Marsilia 426.

Maruta v.Anthemis2 1 7.
Mat-grass 423.
Matricaria 217.

Matthiola 63.
Meadow-Rue 50.
Medicago 112.

Medick 112.

Medlar 166.
Melampyrum 301.
Melandrium 93.

Melic 409.

Melica 409.

Melilot 113.

Melilotus 113.

Melissa 314.

Melittis 314.

Melon 174.

Mentha 309.
Menyanthes 280.
Mercurialis 341.
MespiluB 166.

Meum 189.

Mibora 403.
Micronieria 312.
Micropus 210.
MicroBtylis v. Malaxis
Mignonette 85. [368.

Milium 403.
Milk-parsley 189.
Milk-thistle 224.
Milk-vetch 118.
Milk-wort 86.

Mint 309.

Mistletoe 196.
Mcehringia 96.
Moenchia v. Cerastiuin
Molinia 413. [99.

Moloposperm 194.
Molopospermum 194.
Monarda 320.
Monkshood 58.
Monotropa 278.
Monotrope 278.

Montia 175.

Moon- wort 429.

Morus 343.

Moscatel 196.
Mouse-tail 53.
Mulgedium 237.
Mullein 290.

Muscari 378.
Musk-orchis 366.
Mustard 71.

Myagrum 79.

Myosotis 285.
Myosurus 53.
Myricaria 174.
Myriophyllum 172.

Myrrhis 194.

I Naiad 360.

Naias 360.

Narcissus 371.
Nardurus 420.

Nardus 423.
Nasturtium 63.
Neogaya = Pachy-
[pleurum 189.
Neottia 368.

Nepeta 314,

Neslea 79.

Nicandra 290.
Nicotians 290.

Nigella 58.

Nigritella 365.
Nitgrass 406.
Notochlmna v. Gynmo-
[gramme 430.
Nuphar 60.

Nyinphtea 60.

Oat 407.

Ocymum 320.
Odontites v. Euphrasia
Oenanthe 187. [302.

Oenothera 172.

Olea 279.

Olive 279.

Onion 375.

Onobrychis 120.
Onoclea 435.

Ononis 111.

Onopord 226.
Onopordon 226.
Ono8ma 287.
Ophioglossum 429.
Ophrys 366.
Oplismenus 400.
Opuntia 179.

Orchis 362.

Oreochloa v. Sesleria
Origanum 312. [406.

Orlaya 192.
Ornithogallum 374.
Ornithopus 1 20.

Ornus v. Fraxinus 279.
Orobanehe 305.
Orobus v.Lathyrusl24.
Oryza 401.

Osmunda 430.
Ostericum 440.

Ostrya 345.
Ox-eye-daisy 217.
Oxalis 108.

Oxycoccus 277.

452

Oxyria 3S5.

Oxytrope 118.
Oxytropis 118.
Pachypleurum 189.
Pseonia 59.

Pceony 59.

Paliurus 110.

Panicum 400.

Pansy 81.

Papaver 60.

Paradisia 374.
Parietaria 342.

Paris 372.

Parnassia 86.

Parsley 184.
Parsley-fern 430.
Parsnip 191.
Pasaerina 337.
Pastinaca 191.

Pea 124.

Peach 126.

Pearlwort 94.
Pedicularis 299.
Penny-cress 75.

Peplis 174.

Periwinkle 280.
Persica 126.

Petasites 207.
Petrocallis 73.
Petroselinum 184.
Peucedanum 189.
Phaca 117.

Phalaris 401.
Phaseolus 125.
Phegopteris 433.
Phelipaea 305.
Phellandrium y. Oen-
[anthe 187.
Philadelphus 174.
Phleum 402.

Phlomis 440.
PhcBnixopus 237.
Phragraites 406.
Physalis 290.
Phyteuma 272.
Phytolacca. 332.
Picea v. Abies 425.
Picris 233.

Pill-wort 426.
Pilularia 426.
Pimpernel 322.
Pirapinella 186.
Pinardia 218.

Pine 424.

Pinguicula 320.

Alphabetical Index.

Pink 88.

Pinus 424.

Pisum 125.

Plantago 328.

Plantain 328.

Platanus 343.
Platanthera 365.
Pleurogyne 280.
Pleurosperm 195.
Pleurospermum 195.
Poa 410.

Podosperm 235.
Podospermum 235.
Polemonium 283.
Pollinia 399.

Poly carp 175.
Polycarpon 175.
Polycnemum 330.
Polygala 86.
Polygonatum 372.
Polygonum 335.
Polypodium 430.
Polypody 430.
Polypogon 404.
Polystichum v. As-

[pidium 433.
Pond-weed 357.

Poplar 355.

Poppy 60.

Populus 355.

Portulaca 174.
Potamogeton 357.
Potato 289.

Potentil 142.
Potentilla 142.
Poterium v. Sanguis-
[orba 166.
Prenanthes 236.
Preslia 440.

Primula 324.

Privet 279.

Prunus 126.

Prunella = Brunella
Pteris 431. [318.

Ptychotis 185.
Pulegium v. Mentha
Pulicaria 211. [309.

Pulmonaria 288.
Pulsatilla v. Anemone
Punica 169. [52.

Purslane 174.

Pyrola 278.

Pyrus 167.
Quake-grass 410.
Quercus 344.

Quillwort 426.

Quince 167.

Radiola 101.

Radish 80.

Rampion 272.
Ranunculus 53.
Raphanistrum 80.
Raphanus 80.
Rapistrum 79.
Raspberry 128.
Reedmace 360.

Reseda 85.
Rest-harrow 111.
Rhamnus 109.
Rhaponticum v. Serra-
[tula 227.

Rhinanthus = Alec-
torolophus 298.
Rhodiolav. Sedum 176.
Rhododendron 277.
Rhus 110.
Rhynchospora 385.
Ribes 179.

Robinia 117.
Rock-cress 65.
Rock-medlar 169.
Rock-rose 80.

Rocket 71.

Roman Chamomile

[216.

Roripa v. Nasturtium
Rosa 147. [63.

Rose 147.

Rosmarinus v. Salvia
Royal-fern 430. [311.
Rubia 198.

Rubus 128.

Rudbeckia 212.

Rue 108.

Rumex 333.

Ruscu8 372.

Rush 380.

Ruta 108.

Rye 421.

Sage 311.

Sagina 94.

Sagittaria 356.
Sainfoin 120.

Salix 346.

Salsify 234.

Salvia 311.

Sambucus 196.

Samole 327.

Samolus 327.
Sand-spurry 93.

Alphabetical Index

458

Sandwort 97.
Sanguisorb 166.
Sanguisorba 166.

S article 18 4.

Sanicula 184.
Santolina 44 1.
Saponaria 90.
Sarothamnus 110.
Satureja 312.
Saussurea 227.
Saw-wort 227.
Saxifraga 180.
Saxifrage 180.
Scabiosa 206.

Scabious 206.

Scandix 193.
Scheuchzeria 356.
Schoenus 384.

Seilla 375.

Scirpus 386.

Scleranth 176.
Scleranthus 176.
Sclerochloa 410.
Scleropoa 413,
Scolopendrium 431.
Scorzonera 234.
Scotch Fir 424.
Scurvy-grass 74.
Scrophularia 292.
Scutellaria 318.

Secale 421.

Sedge 388.

Sedura 176.
Selaginella 426.
Selinum 189.
Sempervivuni 178.
Senebiera 78.

Senecio 219.

Serapias 367.
Serrafalcus v. Bromus
Serratula 227. [417.

Seseli 188.

Sesleria 406.

Setaria 400.

Shepherd’ s purse 78.
Sherardia 197.
Shield-fern 433.
Sibbaldia 147.
Siberian Stone-Pine
[424.

Sideritis 318.

Sieversia 128.

Silans 188.

Silene 90.

Silver Fir 425.

Silybum 224.

Sinapis 71.

Sison 185.

Sisymbrium 68.

Sium 186.

Skull-cap 318.
Smallreed 405.
Smilacina 372.
Snap-dragon 294.
Snowdrop 371.
Snowflake 370.
Soap-wort 90.

Soja 125.

Solanum 289.
Soldanella 326.
Solidago 210.

Solomon’ s-seal 372.
Sonchus 237.

Sorbus 168.

Sorghum 423.
Sow-thistle 237.
Soyeria v. Crepis 239.
Sparganium 361.
Specularia 276.
Speedwell 294.

Spelt 421.

Spergula 93.
Spergularia 93.
Spignel 189.

Spinacia 332.
Spiranth 368.

Spiraea 127.

Spiranthes 368.
Spleenwort 431.
Spurry 93.

Spruce Fir 425.
Squill 375.

Stachys 317.

Staphylea 109.
Starwort 98.

Statice v. Armeria 327.
Stellaria 98.

Stenactis 209.
Stenophragma 69.
Stipa 403.

St. John's-wort 103.
Stock 63.

Stonecrop 176.
Strawberry 141.
Streptopus 371.
Struthiopteris v. Ono-
[clea 435.
Sturmia 368.

Succisa 206.

Sumach 110.

Sundew 86.

Sunflower 212.
Sweertia 280.

Sweet- flag 362.

Sweet- Vetch 120.
Symphytum 287.
Syringa 174.

Syringa 279.

Tamus 372.

Tanacetum 215.

Tansy 215.

Taraxacum 235.
Tarragon 214.

Taxus 423.

Teasel 205.

Teesdalea 76.
Telephium 175.
Tetragonolobus 117.
Teucrium 320.
Thalic.trum 50.
Thesium 338.

Thistle 224.

Thlaspi 75.

Thrift 327.

Thrincia 232.

Thuja 424.

Thyme 312.

Thymus 312.
Thysselinum v. Peuc e-
[danum 189.

Til ia 102.

Toad-flax 293.

Tobacco 290.

Tofieldia 379.

Tomato 289.
Tommasinia v. Peuce-
[danum 190.
Tooth-wort 68.
Tordylium 191.

Torilis 193.
Tormentilla v. Poten-
[tilla 143.
Touch-me-not 108.
Toyzia 301.
Tragopogon 233.
Tragus 400.

Trapa 172.

Trientale 321.
Trientalis 321.
Trifolium 114.
Triglochin 356.
Trigonel 113.
Trigonella 113.

Trinia 184. [409.

Triodia v. Danthonia

454

Trisetum 408.
Triticum 420.
Trochiscanthes 188.
Trollius 57.

Tulip 378.

Tulipa 373.

Tunica 89.

Turgenia 192.
Turritis 65.
Tussilago 207.
Twayblade 368.
Typha 360.

Ulex 110.

Ulmus 342.
Umbilicus 443.
Urtica 342.
Utricularia 321.
Vaccaria 90.
Yaccinium 276.
Valerian 203.
Valeriana 203.
Valerianella 204.
Yallisneria 355.
Yentenata 443.
Veratrum 379.

Alphabetical Index.

Verbascum 290.
Verbena 320.

Vervain 320.

Veronica 294.
Vesicaria 72.

Vetch 121.

Viburnum 196.

Vicia 121.

Vinca 280.
Vincetoxicum 279.
Vine 105.

Viola 81.

Violet 81.

Viscaria 92.
j Viscous Catch-fly 92.
Viscum 196.

Vitis 105.

Vogelia v. Neslea 79.
Vulpia 414.
Wallflower 63.
Watercress 64.
Water-nut 172.
Water- Starwort 101.
Wheat 420.
White-currant 180.

White water-Lily 60.
Whittow-grass 73.
Wild Chamomile 216.
Willemetia 235.
WUlow 347.
Willow-herb 169.
Winter- Aconite 57.
Wintercress 64.
Winter green 278.
Woad 79.

Woodbine 197.
Woodruff 198.
Woodrush 383.
Woodsia 435
Wormwood 214.
Woundwort 317.
Xanthium 271.
Xeranthemum 231.
Yarrow 215.

Yellow water-Lily 60.
Yellow-wort 280.

Yew 423.

Zannichellia 359.

Zea 423.

Zizyphus 109.

1 i ^

-»

*

wj i»j JiM i S V* wfV/!» i t4rM/»3 jv

&;■ Wt7

WlnMSH

WmMWm
m I fe&si

§8$1mS

$$JM

mi

ss?? fjWijS nfsra

WSsStG

mmi