Slip i. B. ItU IGtbrarg ^x 'RC :j; North (Earoltna S^tnU mmn^ratlg Forestry QK391 V.5 ':-.*^^ / AA^fj^^^ NEi THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE DATE INDICATED BELOW AND IS SUB- JECTTO AN OVERDUE FINE AS X Oo. DES] mi I * i.^i ( PI FLORA OF TROPICAL AFRICA. FLORA OF TKOPICAL AFEICA EDITED BY SIR W. T. THISELTON-DYER, K.C.M.G., CLE. LL.D., F.R.S., ETC. DIRECTOR, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW. VOL. V. ACANTHACEjE to PLANTAGINEjE. PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE FIRST COMMISSIONER OF HER majesty's WORKS AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS. L. REEVE & CO. LTD. THE OAST HOUSE, BROOK, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND. 1900. DATES OF PUBLICATION OF THE SEVEEAL PAKTS OF THIS VOLFME. Part I. pp. 1-192 was published September 1899. „ II. „ 193-384 „ June 1900. „ III. „ 385 to end December 1900. Reprinted 1959 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD 109 KINGSWAY LONDON WC2 AND ASHFORD KENT PREFACE. The seventh volume of the Flora of Tropical Africa was completed in 1898. The circumstances under which the work was resumed are stated in the preface. The choice of the next instalment to be taken up was mainly- determined by the assistance I was able to secure from contributors. Ainongst these I am more especially indebted to my friend Mr. C. B. Clarke, F.R.S., who not merely undertook the difficult task of elabora- ting the Acanthacem, which occupy half the volume, but made a journey to Berlin to study the material preserved in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Museum. For the amended definition of the regions into which the area of the flora is divided reference may be made to the preface to the seventh volume. In the prefaces to the first and seventh volumes will be found an enumeration of the materials employed up to 1868 and of the most important additions to them which have reached Kew since. The only further collections at Kew cited in the present volume are : — III. Nile Land. J. Theodore Bent. Collection from the coast region of Nubia in 1895-6. (Died 1897.) IV. Lower Guinea. Dr. Ch. Bommer, Brussels. A collection of Lindner's Damaraland plants. VI. Mozambique. Professor C. Fritsch, Graz. A collection made in the Zambesi Valley at Boruma by Father L. Menyharth, S. J. (Died 1899.) The present volume was ready for the press at the beginning of Vi PREFACE, 1898. The inconvenience of the delay in publication is obvious. The contributors see other writers secure the priority of their work, while the manuscript has continually to be re-written to incorporate what has been published while it is waiting for the printer. For all this I am in no way responsible. I prepare the work ; but over printing and publi- cation I have not the slightest control. And as no less then five government departments have a say in the matter, the task of getting them into line is one of no small difficulty. A fire which took place at the printer's in December of last year was a further impediment. Fortunately, however, most of the manuscript was recovered eventually from the ruins. Three more volumes will complete the work as originally planned. Their preparation presents no inherent difficulty, but their fate lies on the lap of the gods. I must again record my acknowledgements of the assistance given me by Mr. C. H. Wright in preparing the manuscript for the press and in checking the proofs, and to Mr. N. E. Brown for working out the geographical distribution. W. T. T. D. Kew, November 1900. CONTENTS. Page Conspectus of the Obders ix Order XCVIII. Acanthaceae 1 XCIX. Myoporineae 262 C. Selagineae 264 CI. Verbenaceae 273 CII. Labiatas 332 cm. Plantagineae 502 CONSPECTUS OF THE ORDERS CONTAINED IN THE FIFTH VOLUME. Class I. DICOTYLEDONES. Subclass II. GAMOPETAL^. Cobort xxiv. Personates (continued). — Corolla more or less irregular or oblique. Stamens 5—2 ; when 5 the posticous smaller than the others or infertile. Ovary superior, of 2 carpels. Ovules sometimes 2 to each carpel, usually more, often numerous, if 2 superposed, or in a few genera collateral. Fruit usually a capsule. XCVIII. ACANTHACE^. Calyx divided nearly to the base. Ovary 2-celled (1-celled in Afromendoncia) ; ovules 2 in each cell or more, superposed (collateral in Thunhergia and Afromendoncia), rarely solitary. Fruit a loculicidal capsule (a drupe in Afromendoncia and Gilletiella) ; valves of the capsule often rising elastically. Seeds exalbuminous, borne on retinacula except in the first five genera, Hiernia and Crilletiella . Cobort XXV. Xiaxnlales. — Corolla more or less irregular or oblique. Perfect stamens 4 or 2, the posticous absent or at least infertile. Ovary .superior, of 2. carpels, rarely 1 by abortion, each with 1 or 2 collateral ovules, or very rarely with more. Fruit usually enclosed in the calyx, of 1-seeded [rarely 2- or more-seeded) nucules, very rarely dehiscent. XCIX. Myopoeine^. Shrubs, rarely trees, usually with simple alternate leavts. Flowers axillary. Ovary normally 2-celled but often spuriously many-celled. Radicle superior. C. Selagine^. Small heath-like shrubs or undershrubs, or tufted perenmal herbs, usually with simple alternate leaves. Flowers in terminal spikes or corymbose panicles. Ovavy 2-celled, or l-celled by abortion. Radicle superior. X CONSPECTUS OF THE ORDERS. CI. Vebbenaok-*;. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves usually opposite, simple or digitate. Ovary entire or slightly lobed, 2-4 celled or rarely 8-celled {Duranta) ; style terminal. Fruit drupaceous, containing 2-4 (rarely 1) bony pyrenes, or dry and separating into nucules, or very rarely dehiscing. Radicle inferior. CII. Labiatje. Herbs, more rarely shrubs. Leaves almost always opposite and simple. Ovary deeply 4-lobed ; style produced from between the lobes. Fruit of 4 nucules. Radicle inferior. Anomalous Order. cm. PLANTAGiNEiE. Scapigerous herbs. Leaves usually radical. Flowers spicate, small, usually hermaphrodite. Corolla 4-lobed. Stamens 4. Capsule cir- cumscissile or indehiscent; 1- or more-seeded. FLORA OF TROPICAL AFRICA. Order XCVIII. ACANTHACE^. (By I. H. Burkill and C. B. Clarke.) Flowers hermaphrodite, irregular. Calyx inferior, free ; segments 5 or 4, nearly separate or sometimes more or less united. Corolla gamopetalous ; tube campanulate or linear ; limb 2-lipped, or 5-lobed, more or less 1 -sided. Stamens on the corolla, 4 didynamous, or 2 (with or without rudiments) ; anther-cells 2 or 1, at base rounded, acute, or tailed, parallel at equal height, or one above the other more or less oblique ; pollen ellipsoid (then usually ribbed or banded longitudinally), or globose (then often honeycombed, reticulate or echinulate) ; equatorial pores 2, 3, 6, closed by stopples, for protrusion of pollen- tubes. Ovary superior, 2-celled ; ovules superimposed in 1-2 rows or solitary (2, col- lateral in Thunhergia, Afromendoncia), anatropous or obscurely amphi- tropous ; style long, simple, minutely 2-fid. Capsule loculicidal, often elastically dehiscent (in Afromendoncia a drupe) ; seeds usually nearly as many as ovules, held up on the thickened up-curved outgrowth of the funicle, the retinaculum (except in the first 5 genera), compressed laterally ; albumen 0 (except in the Nelsoniece). — Herbs or shrubs, 1 or 2 arborescent. Leaves opposite ; stipules 0. Inflorescence various, in strobiliform spikes, or heads, or lateral or terminal clusters ; or flowers solitary, panicled or axillary ; bracts large or small or 0. An Order consisting of 140 genera and 2000 species, abundant in the tropics, frequent in temperate climates, absent from Alpine and Arctic regions. In the tribe RuelUe(e, there is frequently a large anterior bract to the sessile flower, and 2 lateral bracteoles between this and the flower. In the Eujtuticiecc, it is fre- quently so difficult to distinguish the bract from the bracteoles that little use is made of the character for descriptive purposes. In several cases, as in Phaylopsis, there are 3 flowers subsessile in the axil of each (apparent) bract ; in such a case in the present work each flower is then considered to be strictly without bract or bracteole, and the " bract " enclosing an inflorescence is termed frequently a floral leaf. This terminology is merely descriptive ; for it very frequently happens that a minute shoot, sometimes bearing a flower, appears inside the lateral bracteole. Also 2 XCVIII. ACANTHACE^ (bURKILL AND CLARKE). in some strobilate spikes, the upper bracts may contain a solitary flower eacli» while low^r "bracts" on the same spike may contain 2 or 3 flowers, and (though beyond question homologous with tlie upper bracts) be termed, therefore, floral leaves. The cliaracters taken from the pollen are exceedingly useful in determining whether a single flower in a scrappy specimen is a liuellia or a DyscJioritte. But it must not be supposed tliat the characters taken from pollen are more " absolute " than other charac- ters. Thus, Lindau calls the ellipsoid pollen oi' Lepidanathis "honey-combed," but he adds a caution that it is in many species only reticulated ; and, in some species, 1 should say that this reticulation is so broken and imperfect that it cannot be differentiated from the granulated patches very generally present. In other words, 1 consider that there is a perfectly graduated series of pollen in the Acanthacece from honeycombed through reticulated to smooth ; and above all in the Eujusticieoi, I con- sider that there is a complete gradation from the " tubercled " pollen characteristic of Jnsticia proper to that of Nicoteba (Lindau), Duvernoia, or Jihaphidospora. The difficulty, however, of subdividing Justicia, so that it may be possible to locate a species definitely in one of its subgenera, is so enormous that any character which assists to such a desired consumiimtion should be welcomed. When, however, Lindau throws over inflorescence, bracts, anther-cells and anther-tails, capsule-dehis- cence, number of seeds, nature of seed-coat, and forms a genus Nicoteba or Duvernoia on pollen-characters only, we find the group contrary to nature itself; it appears to me not a genus, but a handful of species taken at random from every part of the genus Justicia (in a very wide sense). Nor am I able, by such pollen-characters, to refer a plant to its genus. Throughout the Order, the most valuable characters for forming the larger groups appear to be the number of ovules (either 2-1, or S-several, in each cell), the number of stamens, the capsule and seeds. The combination of species in the Genera Plantarum made by Bentham, on a mixture of these characters, appear to place like with like much better than giving the pollen-characters a predominating value. Both Bentham and Lindau follow their predecessors in giving a high value to the elastic risina: of the placenta in the fruit of Rungia, &c. I have here followed them ; but the giving this character a prepotent influence appears to me to separate like from like nearly as flagrantly as the pollen-character when similarly applied as of pre- dominant value (see the observations in table of genera upon JRungia, Macrorungia, Dicliptera). The large strong retinacula holding up the seeds usually suffice to refer a plant to this Order. The first 3 genera, where this character fails, are so strongly marked in other ways that they are easily recognised. A special eye should be kept on Nelsonia and Synnema, as these plants have been sometimes, on a hasty inspection, sorted into ^crophulariace(e. Excluded genera. CoiNOCHLAMYS, T. Anders., is Loganiaceous. Cyclociieilon, Oliver, is Verbenaceo'.is. Tkide I. Tliunbergieaea — Corolla-lobes contorted in the bud {no lobe wholly within or wholly without the others). Two collateral ovules in each cell. Seeds globose or orbicidar, ivithout retinacula. Fruit fleshv with one cell only 1. Afromendoncia. Fruit dry with a distinct beak, 2-celled . . . .2. Thunbergia. Tribe II. XTelsonieae. — Calyx in the African species A-partite. Corolla-lobes imbricate, the posterior lobes outermost. Stamens 2. Ovules in .each cell many, superjwsed in tico series. Seeds small, globose, without retinacula. Spikes dense, slender, covered with bracts below the flowering portion . .3. Elytrarta. Spikes dense, more or less ovate, sessile or with a naked peduncle 4. Nelsonia, XCVIII. ACANTHACEiE (bURKTLL AND CLARKE). Tribe III, Ruellieee. — Corolla-lohes contorted in the bud {no lobe lohoUy with- out or lohollji loithiti the others). Stamens 4 polliniferous (except in Brillantaisia, Lankesleriaj ; anther-cells at equal heirjht ; pollen of 3 forms, viz. (a) globose, honeij- combed or reticulated; (h) globose, echinulate or nearhj smooth; (c) ellipsoid, with (9-15) narrow longitudinal smooth grooves. Calyx or bracteoles often conspicuous, Seeds {in all but two or three small genera) discoid, covered, at least on margins, with many extremely fine hairs which spring out on applying boater. Subtribe i. IIygroi'Hile^. — Ovules 3 or more in each cell ; capsule (unless accidentally) many-seeded. Corolla distinctly 2 -lipped (see also Meltera among the Euruel- liece). Retinacula very small, conical, not curved ; seeds without hygroscopic hairs. — Small herbs . . . .5. Synnema. Retinacula curved ; seeds with hygroscopic hairs ; anther- cells muticous ; pollen ellipsoid, ribbed longitudin- ally. Stamens 4 6. IIygbophila. Stamens 2. Flowers large or medium . . .7. Buillantaisia.. Subtribe ii. EuKUELLiEiE. — Ovules 3 or more in each cell ; capsule many-seeded. Corolla not (or indistinctly) 2- Hpped (in Mellera, the anticous lobe of corolla is ovate, twice as broad as the others). Pollen globose ; surface honeycombed or reticulated. (Stamens 4 ; anthers muticous ; inflorescence not strobilate.) Leaves in subequal pairs, subequal at the base . . 8. Leaves in unequal pairs, oblique at the base , . 9. Pollen ellipsoid, with 9-15 narrow longitudinal smooth grooves. Flowers large, laxly or closely panicled. Large plants. Corolla 2-lipped, anticous lobe twice as broad as the others ........ 10. Corolla not 2-lipped. Anther-cells 8, muticous . . . . .11. Anther-cells 6, muticous, 2 long-spurred . . 12. Anther-cells 4 ; calyx cylindric, ribbed . .13. Flowers in axillary clusters ; corolla scarcely ^ in. long 14. Flowers solitary ; corolla 1-1^ in. long; leaves linear . 15. Pollen globose, ecliinate. Three posticous calyx-lobes connate more than half their length (except in D. thunbergiifiorus) . . . . . . .16. Subtribe iii. STRoniLANxnE^. — Ovules 2 or 1 in each cell. Corolla not or obscurely 2-lipped. Valves of the placenta not rising elastically from the base of the capsule so as to throw out the seeds. Pollen globose, echinate or nearly smooth. Pollen strongly echinate . . . . .17. Pollen minutely echinate, nearly smooth. Sepals large subcorolloid. Seeds without elastic hairs 18. Pollen globose, honeycombed or reticulate. Stamens 4. Calyx cylindric, 5-ribbed . . .19. Stamens 2 20. Pollen ellipsoid, with 9-15 narrow longitudinal smooth bands. Capsule cylindric, 4-seeded . . . . .21, RUELLIA. Endosiphon. Melleua. Paulo AviLHELMi; MlMULOPSIS. Physacaxthus. Hemigraphis. ruelliopsis. Distichocaly: Acanthopale. Whitfielwa. Satanocrater. Lankesteria. Capsule ellipsoid, flattened, 2 -seeded . 22. Dyschoriste. Disperma. XCVIII. ACANTHACE^ (bURKILL AND CLARKE ). Valves of the placenta rising elasticaily from the base of the ripe capsule so aa to throw out the seeds. Floralleaf containing 3-1 ebvacteatfi ebracteolate flowers 23. Phavlops's. Each flower with 2 large ovate or elliptic bracteoles . 24. Pktamdium. Tribe IV. Acantbeae. — Corolla \-lipped ; tvhe ahort. Stame.nfi -l; anthert 1-ceUed; pollen ellipsoid or suhglohose, tuith longitudinal baiuh. Oininj with 2-1 ovules in each cell. Caljx 4-partite to the base. Posticous lip of corolla want- ing:. Blei'itaris. Acanthus. Seeds hygroscopically hairy . . . . .2.5. Seeds without hairs . . . . . . .26. Calyx 5-partite to the base. Corolla limb split down the posticous face, so that the lip has 5 lobes all on one side. Sepals all similar, postirona 1 -nerved . . . .27. Sclerocmiton. Posticous sepal larger, 2-nerved, often 2-toothed at the t,p 28. Cross AN DRA. Tribe V. Justldeee.— Corolla-Umh suhequalh/ b-lohed or 2-lippeA, one lobe whoVy within, one wholly tvitJujut in the bud. Ovules 2-1 in each cell {except in Crabbea). Seeds witJiout hygroscojnc hairs. Subtribei. Tetrandr^. — Stamens 4, all fertile; anther- cells rounded at the base. Ovules 3 or more in each cell. Corolla 2-lipped ; anther- cells 2 ......... 29. Crabbea. Ovules 2-1 in each cell. Corolla distinctly 2-lipped. Pollen short ellipsoid, longi- tudinally marked. Calyx 5-fid. Racemes elongated, many-flowered Spikes short, sometimes unilateral, bracteate Calyx 4-fid. Flowers scattered subsolitary Corolla not distinctly 2-Hpped. Corolla inflated upwards, mouth oblique ; posticous stamens with 2-ce11ed anthers. Anther-cells at equal height .... One anther-cell below the other, smaller Corolla-mouth funnel-shaped, hardly oblique ; posti- cous stamens with 1-celled anthers . . .35. Neuracanthus. 33. 34. Thomandersia. Lepidagathis. LiNDAUEA. ASYSTASIA. FiLETIA. Subtribe ii. BarleriejE. — Stamens 2 fertile, 2 small rudi- mentary often added. Calyx large, 4-partite to the base, i.e., 2 anticous lobes connate nearly or quite to the tip. Anther-cells 2, rounded at base ; pollen globose, reticulated Subtribe iii. Eranthemeje. — Stamens 2. Corolla-tube long, linear ; limb subequally 5-fid, spreading. Anther- cells roimded at l»ase ; pollen subglobose, slenderly marked longitudinally. Anther-cells 2, at equal height ..... Anther-cell 1 ........ Rubtribe iv. Eu.iusTiciEiE. — Stamens 2. Corolla dis- tinctly 2-lipped. Calyx small or slender, or enclosed by bracts or bracteoles, 5-fid (except in a few species of .Tusticia). Seeds tubercular or smooth, without needle-like hygroscopic hairs, rarely with stiff or minute scabrous hairs. 36. Barleria. 37. 38. Erantiiemum. RusroLiA. XCVIII. ACANTHACEiE (bURKILL AND CLARKE). Sect. i. Monotheciece. — Anthers 1 -celled. The flower not appearing as though enclosed between 2 opposite bracts. Placentai not rising eiastiCtilly from the base of the capsule. Corolla more than 1 in. long ; tube broad, cylindric . 39. Ruttya. Corolla small or slender. Corolla-tube cylindric 40. Monothecium. Corolla-tube very short 41. Okeacanthus. Corolla-tube linear, §-1^ in. long . . . .42. Brachystephanlj Sect. ii. %)icoB.— Anthers 2-celled. The flower not appearing as though encloaed between 2 opposite bracts. Placentai uut rising elastically from the base of the capsule. One aniher cell below the other, distinctly tailed. Capsule usually 4-?eeded ; sfeeds rough or tubercled (see 56. liumjla) 43. Justicia. Capsule 2 -seeded ; seeds smooth, shining, rarely with minute scabrous or stiff hairs . . . .44. Monechma. One anther-cell somewhat below the other, at base ^ rounded ormucronate (or hardly tailed in Adhatoda). Corolla large, or long. Corolla- lube broad. Large-leaved shrubs . . 45. Adhatoda. Corolla-tube long linear ; posticous lip small . . 46. Khinacanthus. Corolla-tube short ; lips very long (see 57. Macro- rungia) .47. Anisotes. Corolla slender. Panicle many-flowered, rather close. Floral leaves inconspicuous. Pollen globobe, flattened, with 2 stopples 48. Tsoglossa. Floral leaves (at least in the type species) conspicuous. Pollen globose with 6 eiiuatorial stopples . . 49. Chlamydocardia. Anther-cells at equal height, rounded at the base, liracts or floral leaves broad. Capsule 2-seeded Bracts strobilate, with only 1 flower under each . 50. Ecbolium. Floral leaves axillary or shortly spicate with 3-1 ebracteate flowers under each . . . .51. Megalochlamys. Bracts narrow or sn)all. Capsule 4-seeded. Corolla large ; tube i in. long . . . .52. Graptophyllum. Corolla slender ; tube ^ in. long . . . .53. Schauekia. Sect. iii. Hypoestece. — Placentae not rising elastically in fruit. The flower appearing as ttiough enclosed between two obloug opposite bracts (sometimes connate into a tube). Anther-cells 2, 1 much above the other (see 58. Dicliptera) 54. Peristrophe. Anthers 1 -celled i)5. Hypoestes Sect. iv. ^olutce. — Placentae rising elastically in fruit, separating from the capsule- valves at the base, and throwing out the seeds. Capsule ovoid, flattened ; faces wiih firm raised margins. Spikes strobilate with 1 flower under each broad bract. CoroUa-iips not longer than tube. (Only differs from Justicia sect. Betonica, or Adhatoda, by the elabtically rising placentae 56. Rlnoia, Corolla-lips much longer than tube. (Only differs from Anisotes by the elastically rising placentie) . 57. Macrohungia. Spikelets with 1 perfect flower enclosed by 2 opposite bracts. (Only diflers from Peristrophe by the elasti- cally rising placentae) 58. Dicliptera. Of doubtful position 59. Hierkia, 6 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (burkill). [Afromendonciu. 1. APROMENDONCIA, Gilg ex Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 111. Calyx cupular, minute, obsoletely and unequally 5-lobed. Corolla- tube somewhat broadening upwards ; limb distinctly bilabiate, with ~) spreading rounded lobes, or the upper two shorter, broader and reflexed. Stamens 4, didynamous, included, or the longer slightly exserted ; anthers glabrous, subcordate at the base, apex more or less apiculate, cells slightly diverging below, dorsally affixed. Disc annular or cushion- like, fleshy, often half as long as the ovary. Ovary sessile, composed of two united carpels, 1-celled, 2-ovuled ; ovules ascending from the base but affixed by the ventral suture nearly to the apex of the cell. Ftuit drupaceous. Immature capsule oblong or roundish-oblong. — Tall woody climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite and decussate. Flowers in axillary fascicles. Bracteoles 2, petaloid or subfoliaceous, ovate or sometimes very broadly ovate. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv., 3 B, 201. Liraija, Pierre in Bull. Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Paris, ii. 340, 341. Bracteoles glabrous. Bracteoles 4 lin. long .... .1. A. lindaviana. Bracteoles 7-8 lin. long ..... 2. A. Jioribunda. Bracteoles villous. Leaves ovate-oblong, not rugose . . . . .3. A. glhjiana. Leaves broadly ovate or subovbicnlar, rugose . . .4. A. plnjtocrenoldes. 1. A. lindaviana, Gilg ex Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 112. A woody climber, " 30 ft. high " {Mann). Stems twining, glabrous or sometimes pilose at the nodes, slender when young, when old 3-4 in. diam., twisted, sulcate and slightly canescent. Leaves petiolate, elliptic or oblong, cuspidate-acuminate, slightly undulate, somewhat coriaceous, glabrous, light reddish-purple beneath, 2^-4^- in. long, 1-2 in. broad ; lateral nerves 3-4 pairs, anastomosing near the margin ; petioles |-1 in. long. Fascicles of flowers arising from axillary protuberances on the old leafless stems; pedicels slender, glabrous, 0-7 lin. long; brac- teoles 2, ovate, acute, glabrous, enclosing the flower, 4 lin. long. Calyx very shortly cupulate ; limb obsoletely crenulate. Corolla scarcely twice as long as the bracteoles ; tube short ; lobes spreading, rounded. Stamens adnate to the upper part of the tube, the two longer slightly exserted ; anthers cordate-oblong, shortly apiculate, somewhat unequal at the base. Style glabrous, slightly exserted, minutely bifurcated at the apex. — Oliv. in Ic. PI. t. 242 G ; Gilg in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. xi. 351. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Bipinde, Zenker, 9G5 ! Zio-wer Guinea. Gaboon: Corisco Bay, Mann, 184i> ! Munda; SIbange Farm, Soyaux, 15G I 2. A. floribunda, Burkill. Leaves cuneate-obovate, cuspidate, obtuse at the base, glabrous above, hairy on the nerves beneath ; lateral nerves about 8 pairs ; petioles short. Flowers 4-6, in short axillary racemes, 2-5 lin. long; pedicels 8-9 lin. long; bracteoles 2, elliptic, acute, glabrous, rather thick, nerved, about G lin. long. Calyx annular, Afromendoncia.] xcviii. acanthace^ (burkill). 7 1 lin. long; with 5 small teeth. Corolla purplish, nearly included within the bracteoles ; tube nearly straight ; limb campanulate, with 5 nearly equal lobes, about 5 lin. long. Anthers oblong, :^ lin. long ; filaments glandular-pilose at the base. Style 5 lin. long, bifid at the apex. Drupe elliptic-oblong, about 10 lin. Jong. — Liraya Jiorihunda^ Pierre in Bull. Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Paris, ii. 340, 342. :Lo\irer Guinea. Gaboon : near Libreville, Jolly, 101. Only known from the original description, in which it is said to dider from Afromendoncia in having pendulous ovules, but the agreement is so close in other respects as to suggest that, as Lindau recognises (Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. ;}04), it must be referred here. Mr. Clarke, who has seen a drawing of the plant, considers it very near to A. lindaviana, Gilg. 3. A. gilgiana, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 1. Stems climbing, 4-angled, slender, villous-pubescent when young, afterwards glabrous. Leaves petiolate, oblong-ovate, shortly acuminate and apiculate, not rugose, l|-3 in. long, f-lj in. broad ; lateral nerves 5-G pairs, anastomosing near the margin, pilose beneath ; petioles J-1 J in. long, villous. Flowers in axillary fascicles of 2 to 4 on the young branches ; pedicels 6-9 lin. long, villous with fulvous hairs ; bracteoles 2, broadly ovate, mucronulate, 5-6 lin. long, villous with fulvous hairs. Calyx very short, obscurely lobed. Corolla white ; tube | in. long, 1 lin. broad below, 3 lin. broad at apex ; lobes rounded, somew^hat spreading. Anthers 2 lin. long, acute, pilose at the base ; filaments short. Style I lin. long. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv., 3 B, 200, 201, iig. 115, D-M. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Yaunde, Zenker, 439! between Barombi-ba-Mbu nnd Kake, Preuss, 439, 481 ! Nile Iiand. British East Africa : Upper Ituri, West of Lake Albert, Stuhlmann. A species with the facies of, and probably referable to, A. giUjiana has been collected in Uganda, Scott -Elliott, 7331! The specimens are unfortunately flowerless. 4. A, phytocrenoides, Gilg ex Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 112. A woody climber, " 30 ft. high " (Ma7in). Stems twining, stout, sub- terete, pilose when young, afterwards nearly glabrous. Leaves petiolate, broadly ovate or suborbicular, obtuse or shortly cuspidate, subcordate at the base, firm, rugose and glabrous above, stellate-pubescent and reticulated beneath, 3J-6J in. long, 2|-4| in. broad ; margin somewhat undulate and revolute ; lateral nerves 5-7 pairs; petioles 1-1} in. long. Flowers in axillary fascicles of 2 to 6 on the young branches ; pedicels 4-6 lin. long, villous with long fulvous hairs. Bracteoles 2, ovate, acute or cuspidate, |-1 in. long, villous with long fulvous hairs. Calyx cupulate, very short, obscurely crenulate. Corolla-tube slightly exceeding the bracteoles ; lobes roundish-oblong, somewhat spreading. Anthers linear-oblong, acute or apiculate, 3-4 lin. long, cordate-sagittate at the base ; filaments short. Style slightly exserted, minutely bifurcate at the apex. — Oliv. in Ic. PI. t. 2427. Thunhergia phytocrenoides ^ T. Anders, ex Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 113. Aower Guinea. Gaboon : River Muni, Mann, 1839 I xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (burkill). \Thunhergia. 2. THUNBERGIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. 1072. Calyx with long teeth or truncate. Corolla conspicuous, white, or of various shades of yellow, blue, or purple ; lobes 5, equal or nearly so, contorted. Stamens 4, enclosed in the tube of the corolla, on which near the base they are inserted. Pollen globose, smooth, reticulate or spiny. Disc fleshy, forming a ring round the ovary. Stigma 2-lipped or funnel-shaped, overtopping the anthers. Ovary with 2 collateral ovules in each cell. Capsule with a sterile beak above and a spherical fertile part below, loculicidal. Seeds ovoid or compressed dorsally, smooth or warted ; hilum central ; no retinacula. — Herbs or shrubs, erect or climbing, with flowers usually solitary, each protected by a pair of large bracteoles. — Meyenia^ Nees in Wall. PI. As. Ear. iii. 78. Endomelas, Rafin. -Fl. Tellur. iv. 67. A genus of about 75 species, chiefly African, extending into India, and by three specicH represented in Tropical Australia; in America as introduced plants. The genus readily falls into three sections, two of which are found in Tropical Africa. *EuTiiuNBEKGiA. — Stigma 2-lipped ; calyx usually with long teeth Shrubs ; anthers without spur at the base {except in 9) but with a spiny crest on each lobe. Bracteoles covered with hairs 1. T. rufescens. Bracteoles glabrous, or only sparingly hairy. Bracteoles leathery. Leaves large, ovate 2. T. vogeliana. Leaves small, cordate 3. T. longisepata. Bracteoles membranous. Calyx-teeth long. Young branches hairy. Leaves glabrous, except on the midrib . . 4. T. malangana. Leaves scabrid beneath, and hairy along the veins ^. T. adenocalyx. Young l)ranche8 glabrous. Peduncles less than 1^ in. long. Leaves usually large ; bracteoles more than 1 in. long 6. T. offinis. Leaves small; bracteoles less than 1 in. long . . • . , . 7. T. erecla. Peduncles 1^-2^ in. long . . . . S. 2'. crispa. Calyx truncate . . . . . . . d. T. hoofceriano. Herbs, for the most part climbing; anthers usually spurred beloio and with long hairs, tLobes of the stigma firm, the lower rounded (deltoid in 21 and not known in 11) ; corolla-tube usually widening to the throat. Leaves sessile. Leaves twice as long as broad, or longer. Erect herbs ; peduncles much shorter than the leaves. Leaves upwards of 4 in. long, more or less hirsute 10. T. annua. Leaves onlv 1 in. long, hispid . . . 11. T. hispida. Climber ; peduncles exceeding the leaves . 12. T, paulitschkeana. Leaves with their breadth more than half their length. Thunhergia.^ XCVIII. ACANTHACE.E (bURKILL). Leaves less than 1 in. long; corolla-tube 6-7 lin. long. Anthers acute, glabrous . . . .13. Anthers obtuse, fringed with hairs . . 14. Leaves 2 in. long ; corolla-tube 1 in. long . 15. Leaves stalked. Flowers 2-3 together between 2 large sessile leaves 16. Flowers solitary. Bracteoles not keeled 17. Bracteoles keeled. Petiole ^ in. long 18. Petiole 1 in. or more long, often winged. Bracteoles pubescent. Bracteoles 1^ in, long ; lobes of stigma nearly 3 lin. broad . . . .19. Bracteoles 8-12 lin. long . . .20. Bracteoles nearly 1^ in. long ; lobes of stigma 1-1^ Jin. broad . . .21. Bracteoles hispid, with tawny hairs, 10-12 lin. long 22. tfLobes of the stigma firm, the lower deltoid; tube of the corolla widening but little upwards. Leaves sessile ...... Leaves stalked. Tube of corolla 4-7 in. lung. Anther-lobes rounded below . , . .24, Anther-lobes acute below , . . . .25. Tube of corolla not more than 1^ in. long. Leaves acute (in 27 sometimes rounded, mucro- nate). Leaves toothed along the margin . . .26. Leaves with one tooth at the base . . .27. Leaves obtuse. Leaves broadly ovate; flowers on long peduncles 28. Leaves narrowly elliptical ; flowers on rather short peduncles . . . . .29. ttfLobes of the stigma thin, equal or almost so, rounded above and with acute angles at the sides. Leaves usually hastate, nearly glabrous. Corolla-tube less than 1 in. long . . . .30. Corolla-tube more than 1 in. long . . .31. Leaves rounded or subcordate, below. Flowers on long peduncles 32. Flowers on very short peduncles . . . .33. tttfLobes of the stigma thin, crumpled. Leaves dentate . . . . . . .34. Leaves palmatipartite . . . . . .35. *Thunbergiopsi8 — Stigma funnel-shaped ; calyx truncate ; herbs, usually erect. Leaves stalked ; stem more or less hairy. Leaves more or less ovate. Leaves hastate. Peduncles attaining 4| in. in length . < .36. Peduncles l\ in. long 37. Leaves cordate. Leaves glabrous or with sparsely scattered hairs. Bracteoles J in. long . , . , .38. Bracteoles nearly 1 in. long . . . .39. Leaves pilose on botli surface*. T. hrewerioides. T. sericea. T. Fischer i. 2. fascicidata. T. huiUensiv. T. hirsuta. T. Gihsoni. T. data. T. Brythrcece. T. Gregorii. 23. T. Oycnium. T. gig ant ea. T. guerheana. T. hamaia. T. kirkiana. T. subalata. T. Hannivgtonii T. cynanchi folia. T. armipotens. T. fragrans. T. s ess ills. T. chrysops. T. geraniijolia. T. Mechuicii. T. stuhlmanniana. T. cor data. T. togoeuiis. 10 xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (burkill). [Thunhergia, One anther-lobe of the ventral stamens alone spurred. Bracteoles very acute . . . . . 40. jT. mollis. Bracteoles obtuse or subacute . . . 41. T. mellinocauUs. Each anther lobe spurred. Petioles upwards of 2 in. long . . .42. T. petersiana. Petioles less than 1 in. long .... 48. T. usambarica. Leaves narrowly lanceolate ..... 44. T. Scliweivfurtldi. Jjcaves sesHile ; stem tisually oldbroua. Leaves hastate . . . . . . . . 45. T. lathyroides. Leaves ovate, obovate, or more or less lanceolate. Leaves covered witli a thick felt of white hairs . 46. T. anrjolensis. Leaves hairy on both surfaces, obovate to linear- lanceolate . . . . . . . 47. jT. ohlonf/i folia. Leaves hairy below, narrowly lanceolate . . .48. T. parvifoUa. Leaves glabrous or rarely with few hairs on the margin, more or less cordate at the base. Leave8<4 in. long 49. T. lancifolia. Leaves 2i in. long or less. Leaves oblong. Bracts scabrid 50. T'. Jii/ah'nn. Bracts hirsute . . . . . . 51. T. cerinfhoides. Leaves lanceolate ..... 52. T. (/eniianoidea. Leaves linear. Leaves 1^-3 in. long ...... 53. 1. stellarioides. Leaves 9 in. long 54. jT. longifolia. 1. T. rufescens, ZiTicZrm in Engl. Jahrb. xwii. 90. A shrub about 20 ft. high ; the young branches clad with rust-coloured hairs. Leaves elliptic, abruptly prolonged into an acumination above, entire, when young with scattered rust-brown hairs, G in. long, 2J in. wide ; petioles ] in. long, more or less clad with rust-brown hairs. Flowers on peduncles of 1 J in. in length ; bracteoles rather firm, elliptic, rounded iibove, covered densely with short rust-brown hair outside, nearly glabrous within. Calyx-teeth short. Corolla-tube 2 in. long, not, as in its allies, strongly constricted towards the base, where outside is a belt of stiff hairs ; lobes | in. long. Anthers acute above, with a crest of bristly hairs below and a few scattered hairs above. Stigma with 2 nearly equal lips. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : pnmitive forest between Barombi-ba-Mbu and Kake, Preuss, 432 ! 2. T. vogeliana, Benth. in Hook. Niger Flm'a, 470. Shrub 8-15 ft. high. Stems woody, when young quadrangular and with a few hairs at the nodes. Leaves ovate or lanceolate-elliptic, acuminate, acute at the base, up to 8 in. long, 2-3J in. broad, glabrous ; petioles about J in. long. Flowers 3 or 4 together on small-leaved axillary branches, or solitary ; peduncles glabrous, J-f in long ; bracteoles broadly ovate, thick, rust-colourod, 7-10 lin. long and 5-8 broad, obtuse or mucronate, glabrous. Calyx-teeth many, long. Corolla-tube straight, white, 1-J-1| in. long, clad with very small nairs ; lobes \ in. long, violet. Anthers mucronate above, rounded and very unequal below, with bristly hairs at the base and softer ones above. Stigma with two lips, nearly equal in length, the uppermost inrolled. Capsule glabrous, \\ in. long, the fertile part not abruptly narrowed into the acute beak. — T. kame- Thunhergia.'] xcviii. acanthace^ (burkill). 11 .runensis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 97. Meyenia vogeliana, Benth. in Bot. Mag. t. 5389. TTpper Guinea. Caitieroons : Victoria, Kalbreyer, 15 ! hy the Elephant Lake near Barombi, Freuss, 387 ! Fernando Po, in open spaces, Mann, 557 ! 558 ! Vogel, U7 ! Itotc/ien, 147 ! 3. T. longisepala, Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 129. Stem woody. Leaves small, cordate, Ih in. long and broad, sometimes apiculate, glabrous ; petioles about 7 lin. long. Flowers on peduncles exceeding the leaves ; bracteoles firm, glabrous, ovate-oblong, 5-nerved, J in. long, scarcely J in. broad. Calyx with a very short cup ; segments J in. long, narrow, hispidulous. Corolla-tube narrow, 1-|- in. long and 1-2 lin. in diam. ; lobes only 4 lin. long. Anthers with a spinous crest at the base of each lobe prolonged upwards in a line of hairs. Stigma 2 -lipped, the upper lip slightly the larger. wile I.and. British East Africa : Taita plains, Scott-Elliot, 6166 I XVIozaxnb. Bist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 5000 ft., Johnston! •4. T. malangana, Li7idau iyi Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 95. Shrub with the younger branches pubescent. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, glabrous except the midrib, entire or irregularly toothed, shortly *fe petioles stout. Flowers solitary on short peduncles ; bracteoles nearly 1 in. long, thin, glabrous, rounded above. Calyx-teeth long, unequal, fringed with white hairs. Corolla-tube 2 in. long ; lobes 1 in. long, lilac. Anthers mucronate above, rounded below and with a spiny crest prolonged upwards by a row of hairs, the anther-lobes very unequal. Stigma 2-lipped, the lower lip broad ; style hairy above. £ower Guinea. Angola : Malange, in shady and damp valleys, Buchner I 5. T. adenocalyx, Radlkf. in Ahhandl. Naturw. Ver. Bremen, viii. 431. Shrub with erect hirsute branches. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, or the lower more or less rhomboidal, 3J-4| in. long, Ih-^ in. wide, acuminate, acute below, undulate, with hairs along the veins on both sides and also scabrid with white scales below ; petiole '21 in. long with a stipule-like gland on each side at the base. Flowers on peduncles I in. long ; bracteoles ovate, 1 in. long, thin, glabrous. Calyx deeply divided into linear subulate scaly lobes. Corolla-tube l|-2 in. long, glandular ; lobes blue. Anthers apiculate, with a spiny crest below and hairs along the margin. Stigma 2-Hpped. Iiower Guinea. Angola : Malange, Mechoio. Perhaps only a variety of T. offinis. No specimen seen. G. T. affinis, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 5. Stem woody, 6-7 ft. high, quadrangular when young, glabrous ; axillary buds covered with rust-brown hairs. Leaves ovate, acuminate, acute below, 4} in. long and IJ in. broad, slightly crisped at the margin, glabrous on short peti- oles of f in. in length, short stipule-like thorns being present at the base. Flowers solitary on short glabrous peduncles; bracteoles ovate, mem- branous, acute, l\ in. long and 7 lin. broad, glabrous. Calyx-lobes long, Qarrow, dotted over with small white scales. Corolla-tube yellow, Ij in. 12 xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (burkill). [Thunh&i'gia. long, nearly straight, sparingly hairy outside ; lobes violet, 8 lin. long. Anthers 2 J lin. long, very unequal below and with a bristly crest prolonged upwards in a row of soft hairs, acute above. Stigma 2-lipped, the lower lip li lin. long, the upper 2 lin. long and inrolled. Capsule 1 in. long. —S. Moore, Journ.Bot. 1880, 104; Lindauin Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 36G. Kile Iiand. British East Africa : Mombasa, Hildebrandt, 20048 ! Niamniam : Naporruporru, near Aboo Sammat's Seriba, Schweivfurth, 3233 ! Iiower Guinea. Angola : Golungo Alto ; near Calolo and Capopa, Welwitsck, 51811 Casabella, Welivitsch, 5154:1 Lorn be, in primitive forest, Welwitsck, 5109! and witiiout precise locality, Welwitsch, 5113 ! one hundred miles from Ambriz, Monteiro t XWozamb. Dlst. Zanzibar, Kirk ! German East Africa, Kirk ! Var. pidvinata, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 6. Leaves firmer, and usually smaller and mucronate ; nerves more prominent. Bracteoles usually shorter, often hairy on the margin, and beset with small white scales. As the stem becoipes woody very hairy and large buds develop in the axils of the leaves. Fruit glabrous, 1 in. long. Seeds very slightly reticulated. — Bot. Mag. t. 6975 ; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, ii. 345. T. HoUtii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 95. Xlle Ziand. Somaliland : Adda Galla, James & Thrupp ! Golis Eange, at Darra Surry, Miss Cole t Mrs. Lort-P hillips I British East Africa: Mbuyuni, IScott-Elliot, G182 ! Ukamba; Kitui, Hildebrandt, 2749 1 Mount Maungu, 20U0 ft., Johnston! Ribe to Galla country, Wakefield! Kinani, Gregory ! , Mozaxnba Dlst> German East Africa : Ueambara ; Umba Valley, Smith ! Duga, in scrub, Hoist, 3203 1 Kumusha Valley, HoUt, 543 (ex Lindau). 7. T. erecta, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 18. Shrub G-8 ft. high ; stems quadrangular when young, glabrous except at the nodes. Leaves ovate, on short petioles, acute at the base, acuminate above, with usually a blunt tooth (rarely 2) on each margin towards the upper part^ glabrous on both surfaces, Ij— 2| in. long, |-1 in. broad; occasionally short stipule-like thorns at the base of the petiole. Flowers on peduncles |-1J in. long; bracteoles very thin, white, obtuse above, J in. long. Calyx-teeth 5-9, linear. Corolla-tube 1 J in. long ; lobes J in. long, purple. Anthers with a spiny crest below and above it a row of soft hairs, their bases very unequal. Stigma with the lower lip rather broad. — T. Anders, in Journ. Agri.-Hort. Soc. India, N.S. i. 200 ; Meyenia erecta, Benth. in Hook. Niger Flora, 470 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5013. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : Sherboro Island, Scott-Elliot, 5856 ! Gold Coast : Cape Coast Castle, Vogel, 14 1 83 ! Lagos. Milieu, 190 ! Schweinfurth's 3545, from Monbuttu, may be this species. The figure cited abov& is not quite accurate as regards the stamen. 8. T. crisp a 9 Burkill. Shrub with glabrous branches, but the axillary buds covered with red hairs. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, acute below, shortly acuminate above, with the margins crisped, glabrous on both surfaces, the veins closely reticulated, 4 in. long and 1 J in. wide ; petioles \ in. long. Flowers on long peduncles, 2J in. long, glabrous ; bracteoles thin, blunt, 7-8 lin. long. Calyx segments narrow. Corolla- tube 1-^ in. long ; lobes J in. long, purple. Anthers with crests bearing rather weak bristles at the base, the base very unequal. Stigma with the lower lip rather broad. IMCozaml). Blst. British Central Africa : Zambebiland, Kirk I Nyasaland ; Manganja Hills, Waller I Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 27 ! and without precise locahty, i?McAarjan, 866 1 1156! 1173! Thunhergia.'] xcviii. acanthaceje (burkill). 13 9. T. hookeriana, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. Beihl 41, 38. A shrub of 2-0 ft., with slender quadrangular branches, glabrous. Leaves on very short petioles, lanceolate or trapezoid-lanceolate, somewhat acute, entire or with a large tooth on each margin, 3-nerved, lJ-3 in. loiig» i-f in. broad, glabrous on both surfaces, darker above. Flowers two together from the axil of a leaf, on short peduncles ; bracteoles J in. long, oblong, somewhat acute, green. Calyx-teeth short, obtuse. Corolla-tube l;! in. long ; lobes violet-blue, retuse. Stamens hairy at their insertion ; anthers with a very short spur at the base of each lobe, glabrous. Stigma with 2 short lips.— r. Kirkii, Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 6077, not T. kirkiana, T. Anders. Wile Iiand. British East Africa : Mombasa, Wakefield ! BXozamb. 3>ist. Zanzibar, cultivated specimen, Kirh ! 10. T. annua, Hochst. ex Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 55. A weak herb, branching from the root. Stems with long white hairs when young. Leaves sessile, narrow, oblong-lanceolate, tapering to an acute base, obtuse or rounded above, with scattered hairs along the veins of the lower surface, 4 in. long and f in. broad. Flowers on short peduncles ; bracteoles ovate, strongly keeled and pilose along the keel, 5-7-nerved. Calyx-teeth rather short. Corolla-tube scarcely longer than the bracteoles, 8 lin. long, rather narrow ; lobes 1 J lin. long. Anthers with 2 fine spurs, one at the base of each lobe, and hairy at the base ; lobes nearly equal. Stigma with two broad lips, the upper slightly the longer. Capsule thin-walled, pubescent ; the fertile part orbicular ; the beak arising from it very abruptly. Seeds smooth. — Hochst. in Flora 1841, Intell. bl. 43 (name only) ; Solms in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 113. Wile Xiand. Abyssinia : Goelleb. on the River Tacazze, in damp fields at 4000 ft., ^chimper, 21521 Cordofan : Mount Arasch-Cool, on the margins of stagriant pools, Kotschy, 109 I Abu-Gerad, Cienkowsky (ex Solms) ; and without precise locality, Kotschy, 97 1 Var. Ruspolii, Burkill. More hairy, than the type. Leaves subtruncate at the base, hirsute. Bracteoles hirsute. — T. Hiispolii, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. 67. Wile ]jand> Somaliland : between Oi and Jaribule, Biva, 108. 11. T. hispida, SoItus in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 113 {not of Lindau). Stem erect, hispid, quadrangular. Leaves oblong-elliptic, sessile, hispid with white hairs, about 1 in. long, scarcely \ in. wide ; nerves prominent below. Flowers on peduncles 2-3 lin. long ; bracteoles ovate, acuminate. Calyx-teeth many, becoming woody at the maturity of the fruit. Flower unknown. Capsule nearly 1 in. long, glandular. Seeds nearly round, ribbed. Wile Iiand. Sennar : near Roseres, Cienkowsky. Owing to the want of flowers the exact position of this species must remain doubtful. 12. T. paulitschkeana, G. v. Beckin Paulitschke, Harar,-ib^, t. 12. A climber ; stem rather thin, hispid. Leaves sessile, oblong-rhomboid. 14 xcviii. ACANTiiACE^ (burkill). [Thunbergia. rounded or acute above, with a conspicuous tooth on each margin, and also sinuate, hispid on both surfaces, 1-1 J in. long, J in. broad. Flowers on peduncles 1 J-2 in. long ; bracteoles broad, cordate, acute, hispid. Calyx tubular, with 11-12 small teeth. Capsule as that of T. annvM. Seeds rugose. — Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. 67. irile Iiand. Somaliland : Havar, Jlohecchi, 12. A species closely allied to 2\ annua, dififeringin its climbing habit, longer peduncles and rugose seeds. 13. T. brewerioides, Schweinf. m Ilohnel, zum Rudolph- See u. Stefanie-See^ Sonderabdr. (I, rf* ex Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. Beibl. 41, 41. A low-lying plant with rather sericeous branches. Leaves sessile, elliptic, imbricate, hairy, 7 lin. long, 4 lin. broad. Flowers solitary towards the apex of the stem. Calyx 12 -toothed. Corolla-tube 7 lin. long ; open corolla 4 lin. in diam. Anthers acute above, glabrous ; lobes spurred below. Stigma 2-lipped. Capsule tomentose with rufous hairs, 7 lin. long. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 387 (name only). wile Iiand. British East Africa : Ndoro, at the foot of Mount Kenia, 6350 ft., Hohnel, 89. An insufficiently known species, said to be allied to T. Fischeri. 14. T. sericea, Burkill, Stems short, sericeous, more or less hidden by the leaves, which are slightly longer than the internodes. Leaves ovate or elliptic, sessile, acute above, subcordate or more or less rounded below, clothed with silky hairs on both surfaces, 9 lin. long, 4-5 lin. wide. Flowers on short peduncles, which are 2-3 lin. long; bracteoles closely resembling the leaves, more hairy outside, finely hairy within. Calyx-teeth rather long. Corolla-tube J in. long, rather narrow ; lobes 4 lin. long, apparently white. Anthers obtuse above, the posterior pair with one spur below, the anterior with two slender spurs one on each lobe ; the margins fringed with hairs. Stigma 2-lipped, the upper only slightly exceeding the lower, inrolled. larile Ilst. German East Africa : on the east shore of the Victoria Nyanza, near Igitschu-Kamiana, Fischer, 492. Described as closely reseml Hng T. angolensis, but of the section Euthunbergia. The description is not sufficient to enable its exact position in the genus to be fixed with certainty. Thunhergia.] xcviii. acanthace^ (burkill). 15 16. T. fasciculata, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 97. Stem climbing, sparingly pilose. Leaves cordate acuminate, sinuate-dentate on the margin with scattered short hairs above and on the veins below, 3 in. long, 2 in. broad, those on the main axis on petioles 2-2^ in. long. Flowers two or three together on lateral axes, and more or less enveloped in two sessile cordate leaves ; peduncles \-^ in. long ; bracteoles ovate, rounded above and mucronate, at flowering 10 lin. long, sparingly hairy outside. Calyx-teeth triangular, pubescent. Corolla-tube IJ in. long; lobes 1 in. long. Anthers spurred above, each with two spurs at the base, and fringed with moniliform hairs. Stigma with two broad unequal lips. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Buea, Freuss, 987 ! Specimens of this have been distributed under a different MS. name. 17. T. huillensis, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 194. Stem slender, strigose. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, rounded and mucronate or obtuse above, truncate or hastate below, strigose on both surfaces, 1-2 in. long, | in. broad ; petioles \ in. long. Flowers on peduncles 2 in. long ; bracteoles lanceolate-ovate, acute abov^, strigose outside, J in. long. Calyx-teeth long, strigose. Corolla-tube nearly 1 in. long ; lobes short, pale blue. Anthers obtuse above, slightly hairy below, each lobe with a spur at the base. Stigma 2-lipped, the lower rounded. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 387. Iiower Guinea. Angola : Huilla ; Morro de Monino, in grass, Welwitsch, 5025! 18. T. hirsuta, T, Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 20. Stem moderately stout, pilose. Leaves broadly ovate, rounded below, obtuse above, covered with stiff hairs on both, sides, with one or two teeth on each margin, \^ in. long, 1 in. broad; petioles 2-3 lin. long. Flowers on pilose peduncles, which attain 3 in. in length ; bracteoles cordate, obtuse above, haii-y outside like the leaves, glabrous within. Calyx- teeth fairly long, pilose. Corolla-tube 1 in. long; lobes 8 lin. long. Anthers obtuse above, rather sparingly hairy below and with a spur to each lobe. Stigma with the lower lip shorter than the upper and nearly orbicular. — Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. 07. ITile Xiand. Abyssinia, Plowden I Somaliland : between Jaribule and Her, 6800 ft., Biva, 71 (ex Lindau). 19. T. Gibsoni, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1894, 131. Stem and leaves unknown, the latter said to be ovate. Flowers on pubescent peduncles 3 in. long ; bracteoles large, ovate, very shortly acuminate, covered outside with short, rather stiff hairs, puberulous within, at flowering 1|- in. long, 10 lin. broad. Calyx-teeth fairly long. Corolla- tube IJ in. long; lobes J in. long, retuse, orange-yellow with a waxy bloom. Anthers obtuse at the apex, with a curved spur at the base of each lobe, pubescent. Stigma with two broad obovate lips. Wile Xiand. British East Africa : Mau, in a damp spot at 8200 ft., Gibson! It is probably safe to place this species very near to T. alata and T. Erythrace. All that was collected consists of two flowers with their peduncles, which are preserved in the British Museum. 16 xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (burkill). \Thunhergia. 20. T. alata, Boj. ex Shns, Bot. Mag. t. 2591. Stem moderately thin, climbing, pilose. Leaves ovate, sagittate or hastate, shortly- acuminate, pubescent below, and to a less extent above, 2 J in. long, 1-1 J in. broad, entire or with a few small teeth on the margin ; petiole l-l| in. long, winged in the type. Flowers on peduncles 2 in. long; bracteoles ovate, subcordate below, obtuse, sometimes apiculate, pubes- cent on both sides, keeled, at flowering 8-12 lin. long. Calyx-teeth narrow, hairy. Corolla-tube f-lj lin. long, with scattered white hairs in the deep claret-coloured throat ; lobes 6-8 lin. long, usually yellow, more rarely orange, buff or white ; occasionally the throat is of the same colour as the lobes of the corolla. Anthers obtuse above, those of the upper pair each with one spur at the base ; those of the lower with two spurs ; lobes fringed with moniliform hairs. Stigma 2-lipped, the upper lip narrower and exceeding the lower. Capsule f in. long, pubes- cent.— Hook. Fl.' Exot. 177; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 58; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1045; Klotzsch in Peters' Reise Mossamb. 196 ; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 124; Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 360; Hohnel, zum Budolf-See u. Stefanie-See, Sonderabdr. 6 ; Engl, in Gotzen, Durch Afrikas, Sep.-abdr. 4 ; Henriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot. x. 145 ; Dewevre in Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxiii. 104 ; T, aurantiaca, Paxt. Mag. Bot. vi. 269 ; T. albiflora, Gord. in Gard. Chron. 1845, 169 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3512 ; Paxt. Mag. Bot. iii. 23 ; T. Doddsii, Hort. ex Paxt. Mag. Bot. XV. 221 ; Fl. Serres, iv. 415; T. Fryeri, Hort. ex Yilmorin, Fl. PI. Terre, ed. 1, 876 ; T. Backerii, Hort. ex Vilmorin, Fl. PI. Terre, ed. 2, 919; T. reticulata, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 139 (partly); T. manganjensis, T. Anders, ex Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 92 ; Endo- melas alata, Rafin. Fl. Tellur. iv. 67. Upper Guinea, Sierra Leone : Regent, Scott-EUiot, 4141a ! near Freetown, Wtlwitsch, 5207 1 Johnston, 59 ! Nile Iiand. Abyssinia : Shire District, Quartin- Dillon & Petit, 176 ! British East Africa : Niamniam ; at Nabambisso Eiver, Schiceinfurth, 2985 I Unyoro, Spelce d Grant, 534 1 Ukamba ; Kitui, Hildehrandt, 2734 I Taveta, 2500 ft., Hhhnel. liower Guinea. Island of St. Thomas : Rio da Ouro Roca, 800 ft., liJoller (ex Henriques). German South-west Africa : Damaraland (ex Lindau). Mozamb. Dlst. Zanzibar, Bojer! Kavala Island in Lake Tanganyika, Carson, 31 ! German East Africa : Kirunga, 6500 ft., Gotzen, 53, 61 (ex Engler). Portuguese East Africa : Mozambique, Kirk! Quilimane, Kirk! British Central Africa: Nyasa- land ; Nyika Plateau, 6000-7000 ft., Whyte, 123! Masuka Plateau, 6500-7000 ft., Whyte! ISIyika mountains, 4000-6000 ft., Wliyte! Fort Hill, Wkyte! Zomba, Whyte! Manganja JHills, 3000 ft., Kirk! between Shibisa (Chikwawa) and Tshinmuze, 2000- 4000 ft., Kirk ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 1093 ! Ngamiland ; Kwebe, Lugard, 114 ! Var. vixalata, Burkill. Leaves, stems and bracteoles softly pubescent. Petioles not or scarcely winged. — T.fuscata, T. Anders, ex Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii, Beibl. 41, 40 ; Oliv.'in Tians. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, ii. 345 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 386. T. angidata, R. Br. (not of Hilsenb. & Boj.) in Salt, Abyss. App. 65 (name only) ; T. saltiana, Steud. Nom. ed. 2, ii. 683 (name only) ; T. alata, S. Moore in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 30. Nile Iiand. Abyssinia, Salt ! British East Africa : Ruwenzori, Scott-Elliot, 7795 ! Kikuyu ; Kapte Plateau, 5000-6000 ft., Thomson ! Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro ; Marangu, 3300-8000 (?) ft., Meyer, 52, 103 ex Engler), Vollcens, 436! Kilema, 3800-4200 ft., Kersten (ex Thunbergia.] xcvm. acanthace^ (burkill). 17 Engler) ; without special locality, Smith ! and at 6000 ft., Johnston, 185 ! British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Mangauja Hills, Meller! Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 150 I Mount Mlanje, Whyte. Var. reticulata, Burkill. Leaves not softly pubescent, but with 8cattereist. German East Africa: Usambara ; Kwa Mshuza, in bush 5000 ft., Roht, 9092 1 ' 27. T, kirkiana, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 19. (yot T. Kirkii, Hook, f.) Stem erect, 1-1 J ft. high, pilose. Leaves ovate, hastate, 5-7-nerved, pilose, rounded and mucronate at the apex, 3 in. long, Ij in. broad; petiole about 1 in. long. Flowers on peduncles 2-2J in. long; bracteoles narrow, lanceolate, very acute, pilose outside. Calyx-teeth narrow, slightly pilose. Corolla-tube rather narrow, 1 in. long, white ; lobes \ in. long, white. Anthers obtuse at the apex, each with two spurs below, pubescent. Stigma 2-lipped ; the upper lip truncate above with rounded angles ; the lower triangular, acute. Capsule | in. long, pubescent. — S. Moore in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 29; Lindau in Engl. Pjl. Ost-Afr. C. 366. IVIozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa : between Unango and Mtonia, Johnson ! British Central Africa : Uriingu ; Fwambo, Carson, 61 ! 103 I Nyasaland ; near Mount Sochi, 3000 ft., Kirk! Blantjre, Buchanan, 83! Manganja Hills, Waller! Mount Mlanje, Whytt! Zoraba, 2500-3500 ft., Whyte! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 495 ! 640 1 28. T, subalata, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. Beihl. 41, 41, and XX. 3. Stem fairly thin, straggling, pilose. Leaves ovate or nearly round, subcordate below, rounded above, with a few hairs on the mid- rib only on each side, reaching 2 J in. in length and 2J in breadth ; petiole scarcely \ in. long, pilose. Flowers on long pilose peduncles, which reach 4 in. in length ; bracteoles ovate, obtuse above, cordate at the base, pilose outside, glabrous within. Calyx-teeth very acute, pubescent. Corolla-tube 1 in. long; lobes 7 lin. long. Anthers pubes- cent, obtuse above; the lower pair with two spurs below, the upper with a spur to the lower lobe, the upper lobe being larger. Stigma, as in T. kirkiana, with the lower lip triangular, acute, the upper longer, truncate, and obtuse. AXozanil). Slst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Mount Zomba, 3000 ft., Whyte! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 238 I 29. T. Hanningtonii, Burkill. Stem slender, with scattered, adpressed hairs. Leaves narrowly elliptical, rounded at both ends, mucronate at the apex, scabrid on both surfaces, 3 in. long, IQ lin. wide, 5-nerved at the base ; petioles short, strigose, \ in. long. Flowers on peduncles \\ in. long; bracteoles lanceolate, 7 lin. long at flowering, with abundant short hairs outside, glabrous within. Calyx-teeth 5, narrow, strigose. Corolla-tube 1 in. long, not widening except near the base; lobes J in. long. Anthers mucronate above, hairy, and with a spur to each lobe below. Stigma 2-lipped ; the upper lip broad, rounded, with acute angles ; the lower triangular, acute above. Mozaxnb. X>lst. German East Africa : Unyamwezi ; Urambo, Hannington I 20 xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (btjrkill). [Thunhergia . 30. T. cjrnanchifolia, Benth. in Hook. Niger Flora^ 475. Stem slender, climbing, pilose or glabrous. Leaves ovate, sagittate or cordate, and with two angles near the base on each side, entire, or almost so, mucronate at the apex, glabrous or sparingly hairy above, 7-nerved, reaching 3 in. in length and 1 J broad ; petiole 1 in. long. Flowers on short peduncles J in. long; bracteoles 5-6 lin. long, lanceolate, pilose, acuminate. Calyx short, with about 8 ovate, very hairy teeth. Corolla-tube J in. long; lobes J in. long, white. Anthers each with 2 spurs at the base, glabrous, mucronate above. Stigma 2-lipped ; the lips nearly equal, folded downwards so that the upper envelopes the lower, broad and acutely angled, the upper slightly retuse and mucronate, and also barbellate on the back, the lower deeply bifid. Capsule 7 lin. long, pubescent ; seeds rugose. Upper Guinea. River Quorra (Niger), Vogel, 7 I Niger DeltH ; Nun River, Vogel, 58 ! Oameroons : Rio del Rej, Johnston I Batanga, in bosh, Bates*, 126 ! 31. T. armipotenSy aS'. Moore in Jowrn. Bot. 1880, 195. Stem moderately thin, decumbent, pilose. Leaves rather firm, lanceolate, hastate or subcordate at the base, acute at the apex, 5-nerved, more or less scabrid, upwards of 2 in. long and 7 lin. broad; petioles \ in. long. Flowers on pilose peduncles IJ in. long; bracteoles ovate, at flowering 8 lin. long, 4 lin. broad, scabrid- pilose outside. Calyx-lobes short, deltoid. Corolla-tube 5 lin. long; lobes 2-3 lin. long, blue. Anthers mucronate above, with a spur to each lobe below and slightly hairy. Stigma with 2 equal lips, which are rounded above and acutely angled at the sides. Capsule J in. long. Seeds papillose. — EngL Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 387. Ziower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; Empalanca, in bush, Welwitsch, 50261 Lopolla, Welwitsch, 5027 I 32. T. fragrans, Boxh. Coram. PL i. 47, t. 67. Stem slender,, climbing, sparingly hairy. Leaves ovate, cordate or rounded at the base, acute or acuminate above, hairy when young, 2-3 in. long, |-H in. broad; petiole J-lJ in. long. Flowers on peduncles 1-3 in. long ; bracteoles falcate-oblong, somewhat acute, hairy. Calyx-teeth rather short, nearly glabrous. Corolla-tube |-1J in. long; lobes white. Anthers acute above, sagittate but without spurs, glabrous. Stigma with two equal lips. Capsule puberulous (often glabrous in Indian specimens), f-1 in. long. Seeds rugose. — Bot. Mag. t. 1881 ; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 57. T. Icevis, Nees in Wall. PI. As. Rar. iii.77 : Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 56. T.frago'an^-var. Icevis, C. B. Clarke in Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 391. 7\ javanica, Gsertn. f . Fruct. iii. 1. 183 ; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 56. T.scan- dens, Pers. Syn. ii. 179. T.volubilis, Pers. Syn. ii. 179 ; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 59. T. angustifolia, Ham. ex Nees in Wall. PI. As. Rar. iii. 78 ; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 56. T. Roxhurghia, Nees in Wall. PI. As. Eur. iii. 78 ; Nees in DC. Prod, xi, 58. T. subsagittata, Blanco, Fl. Fil. 518. T. arnhemica, F. Muell. Frag. Phyt. Austr. ix. 73. Meyenia longijloiay Benth. ex Hohenack. in Flora, 1849, 558. Upper Guinea. Sierra Iveone : near Regenf, Scott-Elliot, 4141b. Thunbe^'gia.] xcviii. acanthacile (burkill). 21 This species most likely is an introduced plant in Africa. It is widely distributed in India, extending to Malaya, and introduced into Australia and Tropical America. The Sierra Leone plant is the variety Icevis, C. B. Clarke. 33. T, sessilis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 9G. Stem erect, herbaceous, covered with rough hairs. Leaves sessile, ovate or broadly lanceolate, rounded or very shortly pointed above, rounded or rarely cordate below, covered on both sides with rough hairs, l|-2 in. long, 1-lJ broad, entire or with few very small teeth on the margin. Flowers solitary or 2-3 together in the axil of a leaf, sessile ; bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, acute, rough-hairy, with 3 nerves, the middle one keeled. Calyx-teeth short, glabrous. Corolla-tube 7-9 lin. long; lobes 3-5 lin. long, white. Anthers acute above, shortly spurred at the base of each lobe. Stigma with two nearly equal lips. Capsule 8 lin. long, glabrous ; seeds minutely papillose. I.ower Guinea. Angola : Malange, Mechow, 367. Huilla ; Humpata, Wel- witsck 5044 ! ItXozamb. Dlst. Portuguese East Africa : Morambala Mountain, /Scott ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland, Buchanan, 745 ! The specimen collected by Welwitsch has broadly lanceolate leaves ; those of the others are ovate. 34. T. chrysops. Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 4119. Stems slender, climbing, herbaceous, slightly hairy. Leaves cordate or ovate-cordate, acute or slightly acuminate, 5-7-nerved, with teeth along the margin, 2 in. long, 1^ broad; petiole not winged, nearly as long as the leaf- blade. Flowers on short peduncles ; bracteoles ovate, fringed or more or less clad with hairs. Calyx truncate. Corolla-tube yellow, 1^^ in. long; lobes large, purple, retuse, | in. long. Anthers acute above, hairy below, and with a spur to each lobe.' Stigma with two large yellow plaited lobes, not distinctly separated from one another. — Paxt. Mag. xi. 221 ; Fl. d. Serres, i. t. 5 ; Hooker, Niger Flora, 475 ; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 55. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : from the interior, cultivated at Kew, Whitfield. No specimens have been preserved. The dravpings from which the figure in the Botanical Magazine were taken, repre- sent the stigma as bilobed like that of T. geraniifolia. This bilobing, not accurately reproduced in the Botanical Magazine, is still more inaccurately represented in the figure in the Flore des Serres. This species and the following form a transition to the section Thunhergiopsis. 35. T. geraniifolia, Benth. in Hook. Niger Flora, 475. Stem slender, climbing, pilose. Leaves cordate, palmatifid or palmatipartite, with short, stift' hairs scattered on both surfaces, l| in. long, 1| broad; lobes acute and dentate on the margins; petioles l|-lf in. long, pilose. Flowers on peduncles about 1 in. long ; bracteoles ovate- lanceolate, 1 in. long, pilose outside, glabrous within. Calyx truncate. Corolla-tube \^ in. long, glabrous; lobes about \ in. long, deep purple. Anthers spurred above, glabrous, each lobe with a spur at the base. Stigma 2-lipped ; lips nearly equal, very delicate, undulate. Pollen spinulose. — T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 18. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : near Begent, Scott-EUiot, 4039 1 and without precise locality, Don! Wilford (ex Anderson). VOL. V. B 22 xcTiii. A0ANTHACK2E (burkill). [ThuTihergia. 36. T, Mechowiiy Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 92. Stem thin, sparingly hairy, twining. Leaves hastate, truncate or rounded at the base, 2\ in. long and IJ broad, mucronulate above, sparingly pilose, 7-nerved ; petiole slightly winged. Flowers on peduncles of great length (up to 4 J in.) ; bracteoles lanceolate, nearly 1 in. long, 5-nerved and reticulated, keeled on the back. Calyx toothed. Corolla-tube 1 in. long; lobes J in. long, violet. Anthers with a spur above and spurs below. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, barbellate. Ziower Guinea. Angola : Malange, Meckow, 334. 37. T. stuHlmanniana, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 91. Stem quadrangular, herbaceous, sparingly hairy. Leaves hastate, long and sharply pointed above and also in the auricles, thin, entire, both above and below with yellow hairs on the veins and margin, 2J in. long and 1^ broad ; petiole densely clad with yellow hairs above, 1 in. long. Flowers solitary on peduncles IJ in. long; bracteoles J in. long, oblique, lanceolate, 4-5-nerved, reticulated, with hairs on the principal veins. Calyx very small, with 8-10 teeth. Corolla-tube IJ in. long, yellow; lobes deep violet, 7 lin. long. Stamens with basal hyaline spurs. Ovary somewhat round ; stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, barbellate. Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Butumbi, south of Lake Albert Edward » 6700 it., 6'tuhlmann, 2181. 38. T. cordata, Lindau in Engl. Pji. Ost-Afr. C. 365. Stem herbaceous, minutely puberulous. Leaves ovate-cordate, glabrous or with solitary hairs towards the base, more than 3 in. long and half as wide, with five nerves at the base ; petiole about 1 in. long. Flowers on peduncles equalling the petioles; bracteoles about J in. long, 3 lin. bioad, ovate, acuminate, 3-nerved, with glandular hairs. Calyx slightly lobed. Corolla-tube 1 in. long, with glandular hairs; lobes J in. long, bright blue. Anthers spurred above and below, sparsely hairy. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, barbellate. — Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 310. Mozannb. Dlst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro : Useri, 6200 ft., VolkenSy 1968. 39. T, togoensis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 112. Stem climbing, glabrous. Leaves large, cordate-ovate, acuminate, glabrous, 5-nerved, 6-7 in. long, 3-4 in. wide; petiole lJ-3 in. long. Flowers on peduncles 1 in. long; bracteoles ovate, acute or shortly acuminate, nearly 1 in. long, almost glabrous. Calyx lobed. Corolla-tube 1 J in. long ; lobes 7 lin. long, blue. Anthers acute above, hairy, the lower with a spur to the base of its lower lobe only. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, barbellate. Upper Guinea. Togoland : Misabohe, near Aundjowe-Avatime, 2000 ft., Baumann. 74 I 40. T. mollis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. Beibl. 41, 34, and xx. 2. Stem with a rusty pubescence or sometimes glabrous, sulcate when dry» Leaves ovate, cordate or hastate, 2J in. long, IJ in. broad, frequently Thunbergia.] xcviii. acanthace^ (burkill). 23 with a few large teeth on the margin, more or less strigose on both surfaces; petiole pubescent with rust-brown hairs, about 1 in. long. Flowers on peduncles about as long as the petioles; bracteoles ovate, very acute, {)-nerved, the middle one forming a marked keel. Calyx short, with a sinuate margin. Corolla large, purple above ; tube IJ m. long; lobes J in. long, truncated. Anthers mucronate, glabrous, those of the ventral pair of stamens each with a single hook. Stigma triangular, the lateral angles barbellate, dorsal lobe rounded, anterior side truncated with a small mucro. Capsule 1 in. long, velvety outside, nSozamb. Blst. British Central Africa : Njasaland ; Shire Highlands, at Mudi, Scott-ElUut, 8563 1 and without precise locality, Buchanan, 263 ! 1092 ! 1339 1 41. T. xnellinocaulis, Burkill. Stem covered with yellowish hairs, becoming glabrous when old, sulcate when dry. Leaves ovate-subcordate, occasionally with one small tooth on the margin at each side near the base, acute or shortly acuminate, pubescent below with yellowish hairs, less so above, 3 in. long, 2 in. broad ; petiole \ in. long or less, densely pubescent. Flowers on slender, almost glabrous, peduncles, attaining 1 J in. in length ; bracteoles ovate, obtuse or subacute, somewhat pubes- cent. Calyx short with a sinuate margin, very slightly hairy. Corolla- tube 1 J in. long, glandular outside ; lobes rounded, paler in colour than those of T. mollis. Anthers mucronate, with a tuft of hairs at the base of each lobe, one anther lobe only of the lower pair spurred at the base. Stigma triangular, the lateral angle barbellate. Mozamb. Bist. British Centra Africa : Nyasaland ; Mount Zomba, 4000- 6000 ft., Whyte! Closely allied to the preceding species. 42. T. petersiana, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 81). Stem thin, w4th scattered hairs, climbing. Leaves on petioles upwards of 2 in. long, cordate or rarely subcordate, long acuminate, with a few large teeth on the margin, 3 in. long, 2J in. broad, pilose on both sides. Flowers on peduncles about 1 in. long ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acute, hairy, 3-nerved and 3-keeled, reticulated. Calyx very short, truncate or slightly toothed. Corolla large; tube wide, 1 in. long; lips 5 lin. long, violet. Anthers spurred at the apex and also at the base of each lobe with long spurs, not bearded. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular barbellate. — T. chrysops, Klotzsch (not of Hook.) in Peters' Mossamb. 196. Mozamb. Dlst. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; Boror, Petcrg. 43. T. usambarica, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 89. Stem thin, almost glabrous, except at the nodes. Leaves ovate-cordate, acuminate, entire or almost so, with scattered white hairs on both sides, 3 in. long, 2 broad ; petiole up to 1) lin. in length. Flowers solitary on peduncles about IJ in. long; bracteoles broadly lanceolate, 7 lin. long, reticulated, with white glandular hairs. Calyx very small, irregularly toothed. Corolla-tube broad, nearly 1 in. long; lobes blue, small. 24 xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (burkill). [Thunhergia. Stamens with a long mucro above and with short spurs to each lobe. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, barbellate. Unripe capsule with very short hairs and a long beak. Mozamb. Dlst. German East Afiica: Usambara ; upper part of Schi (Mshi?) Mountains, JIulst, 2131 1 have seen a leaf and a young froit with its bracteoles. The rest of the description is quoted from Engler's Jahrbiichor. 44. T. Schweinfurthii, S. Moore in Joum. Bat. 1880, 6. An erect herb. Stem strigose, densely hairy at the nodes, striate when dry. Leaves on short petioles about 2 lin. long, the leaf-blade 3-nerved, narrowly lanceolate, "Jh in. long, 7 lin. broad, shortly mucronate above, narrowed and hastate below, the upper surface strigose, the lower covered with a tawny pubescence. Flowers on peduncles about half as long as the leaves ; bracteoles ovate, lanceolate, acute, 5-nerved, white with green reticulations, strigose on the back. Calyx cupular. Corolla IJ in. long; lobes about 2 lin. long. Stamens mucronate, slightly bearded below, one anther-lobe of the ventral pair with a hook at its base. Stigma triangular, the lateral angles barbellate, the ventral margin scarcely notched, the dorsal angle slightly hairy, its apex rounded. srile Ziand. British East Africa: Jur ; near the Seriba of Kurshook Ali, Sdm-einfurth, 1510 ! This species in very closely allied to T. mollis. 45. T. lathyroides, Burkill. Stem erect, glabrous, sulcate when dry. Leaves sessile, hastate, entire, mucronate at the apex and also in the auricles, 2 in. long, | in. broad, glabrous. Flowers on glabrous peduncles about 1 J in. long; bracteoles lanceolate, blunt, glabrous, 5-nerved. Calyx truncate. Corolla-tube nearly 1^ in. long; lobes about J in. long. Anthers of the ventral pair of stamens with a short spur at the base of one lobe, all mucronate above and pilose below. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, barbellate. Mozaxnb. I>l8t. British Central Africa : Urungu : Fwambo, at about 5250 It,, Carson, 4 ! Nutt! iScott- Elliot, 8269 ! 40. T. angoiensis, S. Moore in Joum. Bot. 1880, 195. Stem erect, covered with a thick felt of white hairs. Leaves obovate, sessile, entire, 1^ in. long, f in. broad, covered like the stem with white hairs on both surfaces. Flowers on peduncles about 1 in. long; bracteoles ovate, obtuse, 1 in. long, felted outside, glabrous within. Calyx glabrous; teeth triangular. Corolla-tube \\ in. long; lobes J in. long, purple. Anthers with a long mucro above, rounded below, and the lower pair with a curved spur. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, barbellate. Iio-wer Guinea. Anp:ola : Huilla; between Mumpulla and Hurapata, in thickets Welicitsch, 5037 ! between Mumpulla and Nene, Welwitsch, 5038 ! 47. T. oblongifolia, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 12;"), t. 123. Stem erect, pilose or glabrescent on the internodes, sulcate when dry. Leives sessile, obovate or somewhat spathulate, obtuse above, clad on Thunhergia.'] xcviii. acanthace^. (burkill). 25 both surfaces, or at least fringed on the margin, with soft hairs, about 14 Hn. long, 4 lin. broad. Flowers on short peduncles; bracteoles lanceolate, rough with short brown hairs. Calyx irregularly toothed. Corolla orange-yellow; tube l\ in. long; lobes ^ in. long. Anthers with a mucro above, the lower pair with a spur on one lobe, pilose below. Stigma triangular, funnel-shaped, barbellate. Fruit 1 in. long. Xtflozaiub. Dist. German East Africa : Usagara ; llobeho Mountains, 4700 ft., Spekedj Grant! Lake Tanganyika, Cameron! Higher Plateau, North of Lake N^-asa, Thomson ! Var. glaherrima, Burkill. Glabrous in all its parts, leaves lanceolate or linear- lanceolate. Itlozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : between Lake Nyasa and Lake Tan- ganyika, 6000-8000 ft., Tliomson! British Central Africa: Urungu ; Fwambo, Carson, 87 1 48.. T. parvifolia, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 90. Stem herba- ceous, finely hairy. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, rounded above, up to 2J in. long and 2 lin. broad, entire, finely hairy below. Flowers on pedicels up to 10 lin. long ; bracteoles lanceolate, acute, micro- scopically hairy outside, 5-nerved, not reticulated, IJ in. long, J in. broad. Calyx very short, truncate, or toothed. Corolla-tube nearly 1 J in. long ; lobes ^ in. long, | in. wide, deep violet. Anther-lobes blunt, unequal, hairy below. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, bar- bellate.— Dew^vre in Comptes-rendus Soc. bot. Beige, xxxiii. 104. Xiower Guinea. Angola : River Quango, Fogge, 311, 312, South Central. Congo Free State : Upper Congo, Katanga, Cornet. 49. T. lancifolia, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 19. Stem erect, 2-3 ft. high (^Bryce), sulcate when dry, glabrous, except at the nodes. Leaves varying from linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, narrow- ing to, or sometimes auriculate at, the base, sessile, acute or obtuse above, glabrous and shining on both surfaces, upwards of 4 in. long. Flowers on pubescent or glabrous peduncles about J in. long ; bracts ovate, acute, glabrous or pubescent like the peduncle. Calyx- teeth short, irregular. Corolla-tube l\ in. long; lobes 9 lin. long, deep purple. Anthers with a spur above, hairy below ; the venti-al pair each with a usually straight spur below. Stigma funnel-shaped, tri- angular, barbellate or not. Capsule covered with a fine pubescence, \\ in. long. — S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 195. Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 387 ; S. Moore in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 30 ; Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 36G ; Dewevre in Comptes-rendus Soc. bot. Belg. xxxiii. 104. Iiower Guinea. Angola : Golungo Alto ; Izanga, in thickets, Wchritsch, 5161 ! Pungo Andongo ; Sobati de Quilombo, on rather dry hillsides, Wclwitsch, 5110 ! Malange, Marques, 11. IVIozamb. Blst. Kavala Island, in Lake Tanganyika, Carson ! German East Africa : hills north-east of Lake Tanganyika, Scott-EUwt, 8229 ! between Lake Nyaea and Lake Tanganyika, 6000-8000 ft., Thomson! British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Mount Chiradzulu, Meller! Magomero, Mdler ! Blantyre, ^cott ! Buchanan, 134! Shibisa (Chickwawa) t(J Tshinmuze, 2000-4000 ft., Kirk! Shire Highlands, Buchanan, Whyte ! Blantyre, Descamps (ex Dewevre) ; Maehonaland ; FOREST RESOURCES 26 xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (burkill). [Thunhevgia. Var. auricvlata, S. Moore in Jouvn. Bot. 1880, 195. Leaves auricled at the base or more or less cordate. — T. lancifolia, var. pallida, S. Moore, loc. cit. Ziower Guinea. Angola : Huilla ; Lopollo, in sandy thickets, Welwitsch, 5011 1 Monino, in thickets, Welwitsch, 5012 I 50. T. hyalina, aS'. Jfoore in Jown. Bot. 1880, 105. Stem erect, 1-2J ft. high, glabrous, striate when dry. Leaves sessile, amplexicaul, oblong, obtuse or acute, glabrous and shining on both surfaces, entire, scabrid on the margins, firm. Flowers solitary, on short peduncles about 5 lin. long ; bracteoles oblong-lanceolate, acute, 5-nerved, scabrid. Calyx short, truncate. Corolla glossy purple, very similar to that of T. lancifolia; tube orange, and about \\ in. long. Anthers with a mucro at the apex, hairy at the base; the lower pair with one lobe spurred at the base. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, barbellate. ZiOwer Guinea* Angola : on rocky hills, near the River Cuanza, Welwitsdi, 5164 1 Certainly very close to T. lancifolia; the stamens are not glabrous, as stated in the original description. 51. T. cerinthoides, Radlkf. in Ahhandl. naturw.Ver. Bremen, viii. 434. Stem glabrous except at the nodes, quadrangular, sulcate when dry. Leaves oblong or obovate-elliptic, 2 in. long, | in. wide, obtuse or somewhat acute, cordate at the base, almost sessile, entire, firm, glabrous but for short hairs on the margin. Flowers on peduncles about 7 lin. long ; bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, somewhat oblique, 1 in. long, J in. wide, acute, 3-nerved, hirsute with glandular hairs outside, glabrous within, except at the tip. Calyx very short, sinuate-dentate. Corolla-tube IJ in. long, yellow, glandular; lobes violet. Anthers mucronate above, pilose ; the inner pair each with one spur. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, barbellate. Iiower Guinea. Angola : Malange, Mechow, 373. This species may prove only to be a form of T. hyalina, with larger flowers, and somewhat less glabrous. The distinction in the stamens which Radlkofer mentions fails, for T. hyalina was incorrectly described in this particular. 52. T. gentianoides, Radlkf in Ahhandl. naturw.Ver. Bremen, vi\i, 433. Stem herbaceous, 3-4 ft. high, quadrangular, glabrous, except at the nodes, sulcate when dry. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, about 2 J in. long, J in. wide, acuminate above, subcordate below, sessile, glabrous. Flowers on peduncles |-1 J in. long ; bracteoles obliquely ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1 in. long, 5 lin. broad, rather acute, 3-nerved. Calyx very short, with a few blunt teeth, puberulous at the base. Corolla-tube IJ-lJ in. long, somewhat orange, glandular; lobes blue. Anthers all mucronate above and hairy below, the ventral pair with one curved spur each at the base. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, barbellate. ZiOwer Guinea. Angola: Malange, Mechow, 195. 53. T. stellarioides, Burkill. Stem erect, glabrous, sulcate when dry. Leaves linear, sessile, acute or somewhat obtuse, glabrous, Ij in. Thunhergia,] xcviii. acanthace^ (burkill). 27 long, 1-1 J lin. broad. Flowers on pubescent peduncles about J in. long; bracteoles ovate, acute, pubescent, 5-nerved and keeled, about J in. long when flowering. Calyx-teeth short, minutely pubescent. Corolla-tube f in. long; lobes \ in. long. Anthers mucronate above, pilose below; the ventral pair with a short spur below on one lobe. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, barbellate. Mozamb. Blst. British Central Africa: Urungu ; Fwambo, Carson, 85! 92 1 101 I Stevenson Koad, Scott-Elliot, 8298bi8 I Var. f/raminea, Burkill. Leaves longer, up to 3 in. in length ; bracteoles glabrous. Mozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Stevenson lioad, 4000-5000 ft., Scott- Elliot, 8392 1 54. T. longifolia, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvu. 91. Stem herba- ceous, glabrous. Leaves linear, entire, glabrous, D in. long, ^ in. wide. Flowers solitary or two together, on short, glabrous peduncles ; bracteoles ovate, densely hairy, with four parallel veins, 7 lin. long, 4 lin. broad. Calyx very short, truncate. Corolla-tube 1 in. long; lobes 4 lin. long, deep violet. Anthers hairy below, with a spur above. Ovary long. Stigma funnel-shaped, triangular, barbellate, the posterior angle notched. Wile Iiand. British East Africa : Niamniam ; north of the River Ibba, Sclncein- furth, 3965. 3. ELYTKARIA, Vahl ; Benth. et Hook, f . Gen. PI. ii. 1073. Calyx 4-partite; segments unequal, the largest sometimes bifid. Corolla small, white or bluish; tube linear; limb 2-lipped; lobes 5, oblong, imbricate in bud. Stamens 2 perfect, attached in the corolla throat; anthers elliptic, acute; cells 2, parallel, with or without a minute spur at the base. Stigma shortly 2-lipped ; ovules G-10 in each cell, superimposed. Capsule ellipsoid, acute. Seeds minute, ovoid, reticulated, minutely papillose, attached at a minute point without retinacula. — Herbs with short stems. Leaves alternate, crowded, sub- radical. Scapes covered by imbricate bracts ; spikes close, rigid, simple or divided ; bracts spirally imbricate, not opposite ; bracteoles smaller than the bracts. — Tubiflora, Gmel. Syst. 27. A small genus of about 3 distinct species, one of which is widely spread in Tropical Africa and Asia. 1. E. crenata, Vahl, Enum. i. 106. Stem 0-5 in., villous or pubes- cent. Leaves spathulate or oblanceolate, obtuse, rounded or rather acute, entire or sinuate towards the base, sometimes crenate, attenuate below, 2-7 in. long. Scapes several, 2-9 in. high, clothed with small bracts, often branched at base of the spikes. Spikes dense, l-b in. long. Bracts ovate, acuminate, ciliate, 2 lin. long. Bracteoles 2, lanceolate, pubescent. Calyx 2 lin. long, scarious; lobes lanceolate, acuminate, the posterior broader. Corolla 3-4 lin. long, white or pale blue. Capsule ovoid, 2 lin. long. — Klotzsch in Peters' Mossamb. 28 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (burkill). [ElytraHa, Bot. 197 ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 20 ; Nees in DC. Prod, xi. 63; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 196. E. marginata^ Vahl, Enum. i. 108; Beauv. Fl. Owar. ii. 58, t. 93; Nees I.e. ; Hook. Niger Flora, 477; Henriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot. x. 146. E. Z?/?'a^a, Vahl, Enum. i. 106. Juslicia acaulis, Linn. f. Suppl. 84. Tuhijtora acaulisy 0. Kze. Rev. Gen. PI. 500; Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 365. 2\ sqtutmosa, Lindau (partly) in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3b. 289 ; Durand & Wildeman in Comptes-rendus Soc. bot. Belg. xxxvi. 82 ; BUttner in Mitth. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. vi. 234. Upper Guinea. Togolaiid, Bilttner, 173. Lagos : Otto, common in forest- paths, Millen, 24 ! Oware and Benin, Beauvois. Lower Niger : Onitsa, Barter, 1302 ! Niger Delta: Grand Bassa, Voytl, 93 ! Caraeroons: Batanga, Bates, 190! Fernando Po, Vogel, 15'! Mann, 20! srile Ziand. British East Africa : Niamniam ; by the River Yuru, Schweinfurth, ser. iii. 225 ! Ziower Guinea. Island of St. Thomas, Don! Muller (ex Henriques). Gaboon lliver. Jlann, 1002 ! Angola : Goliingo Alto ; Cungulungulo, WeCwitsch, 5209 1 Quibolo Rivulbt, Welwitsch, 5210; and without precise locality, Curror ! l^ozaml). 3>ist. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; at Tete, Lupata and Sena, Kirk ! A form of the plant with entire acuminate leaves, which taper gradually into the obvious petiole and perhaps have more hairs on the upper surface than usual, occurs throughout the Great Western forest region from Lagos (and perhaps also Togoland) to the Gaboon River, and westward to Niamniam Land. It has been mistaken for the American E. tridentata, Vahl, which differs in having obviously keeled narrow sterile bracts, those of E. crenata being scarcely, or not at all, keeled and ovate. The form, common in Innia, with spathulate almost sessile crenate leaves, occurs on the Zambesi. Intermediate forms so unite these two extremes, both in Africa and India, that thev cannot be held distinct. 4. NELSONIA, B. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1073. Sepals 4, unequal, lanceolate, the larger often bifid. Corolla very- small, purplish, rose or white; tube slender; limb 2-lipped ; lobes 5, obtuse, patent. Stamens 2, attached above the middle of the tube; anthers 2-celled; their lobes broadly ellipsoid, distinct, more or less divergent, glabrous or ciliate, muticous or minutely spurred. Stigma very shortly 2-lipped; ovules in each cell 8-10. Capsule oblong, acute, bearing seeds from the base, barren upwards. Seeds small, roundly ellipsoid, papillose, attached on minute points without retinacula. A diffuse, softly villous herb. Leaves opposite, elliptic, entire. Spikes ovate or cylindric ; bracts ovate, glandular-villous, closely imbricate ; bracteoles 0. A single species, widely diffused through the tropics of both hemispheres, but probably introduced into America. 1. N, caxnpestris, E. Br. Prod. 481. Stems short; branches diffuse, decumbent, pubescent or villous. Lower leaves large and long petioled ; upper shortly petiolate or subsessile, much smaller, some- times under J in. long, pubescent or canescent. Spikes villous, 1-3 in. long. Bracts broadly ovate, 2-3 lin. long. Calyx lJ-2 in. I^elsonia.] xcviii. acanthace^ (burkill). 20 long. Corolla 2-2J lin. long. Capsule 2-3 lin. long.— Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xxix. 125. N. canesceiis, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. C7 ; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 140. N. tomentosa, A. Dietr. Sp. Plant! ed. 2, i. 419 ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 20 ; S. Moore, Journ. Bot. 1880, 196. ^. hrunelloides, O. Kze. Rev. Gen. PL 493; Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 365. N. origanoides, Roem. & Schult. Syst. i. 173. Justicia canescens, Lam. 111. i. 41. Acanthodium spicatum, Ac6rbi ex Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 67. Upper Guinea. Senegal, ^omn, 416! Bousillon, 53 \ Senegarabia, JTe.udelot, 48! Island of St. Mary and Kingdom of Cayor, Leprieur (ex Nees) ; Gambia, Brown-Lester, 48! Sierra Leone: near Freetown, Scott-Elliot, 5905! and without precise locality, Afzelius. Ashanti : Assin-Yan-Coomassie, Cummins, 191 1 Lagos, Millen, 75 ! Niger Territory : Nupe, Barter, 1159 ! Fernando Po, Barter, 2046 ! Mann, 253 ! Wile I.and. Abyssinia : Tigre ; near Jelajeranne, Schimper, 900 ! 1815 ! Quartin- DiUon dc Petit! and without precise locality, Schimper, 803 ! Upper Senaar : Fazokl, A'besc/iy, 484 ! Sarad Mts., /.e/gyre .^ Bahr-el-Abiad, (i'.-lrnaMc? .' British East Africa: Moru Dist. ; Neangara, Pethericic ! Wayo, Petherick ! Mittuland ; Ncaraa, Schweinfurth, 2776! Mvolo, Schweinfurth, 2788! Niamniam; Nabambisso River, Schweinfurth, 3004 ! Uganda, in deep shade, Scott-Elliot, 7345 ! Ruwenzori, Scott- Elliot ! Xiower Guinea. Corisco Bay, Mann, 1869 1 Gaboon : Munda ; Sibange Farm, Soyaux, 295 ! Angola, Welwitsch, 5212 ! 5213 ! 5215 I 5216 ! 5217 ! XlXozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Lake Tanganyika, (7a77?e?-on/ eaf.t shore of Lake Tanganyika, between Karema and Ujiji, Scott-Elliot, 8330 ! Khutu ; Mbwiga, 1290 h. , Speke d: Grant I Portuguese East Africa: Zambesi Delta: between ^lam- bucha and Vicenti, Scott! British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Fort Hill, 3500- 4000 ft., Whyte! Manganja Hills, Meller ! Shibisa (Chikwawa) to Tshinmuze, 200.0- 4000 ft., A'lrZ;/ Zomba,''2500-3500ft., Whyte! and without precise locahtv, ^wcAa/2«7J, 911 5. SYNNEMA, Benth. in DC. Prodr. x. 538. Sepals narrow, often unequal. Corolla nearly straight ; tube shorter than the calyx ; limb long, 2-lipped, twisted to the left in bud ; palate transversely plicate-rugose, purple-rose and white. Stamens 2 or 4, the posterior pair being smaller ; anther-cells parallel. Ovary narrow ; style sparsely hairy. Capsule narrow, with many seeds borne from the very base. Seeds small, ovoid, somewhat compressed, glandular- puberulous or glabrous ; retinacula minute, conical, soft, not curved. — Herbs, often viscid, aromatic. Leaves opposite, upper toothed, rarely entire, lower often pinnatifid or pectinate. Flowers in spikes or whorls, or 1-3 together in the axils of the leaves. — Cardanthera, Ham. ex Benth. k Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. 1074. Adenosma, Nees (not of R. Br.) in Wall. PL As. Bar. iii. 75; DC. Prod. xi. 67. A genus of about 10 species, of which two only occur in Africa ; the others are Indian. *Pl^sianthera. Stamens 2, . . . . . . I. S. africanum. **EusYNNEMA. Stamcns 4 2. S. hrcviiuhum. 1. S. africaxiTim, 0. Kze. Rev. Gen. PL 500. Stem branched, l|-2 ft. high; branches puberulous. Leaves of two forms, the lower stated to be submerged and pinnatifid, the upper sessile, linear-lanceolate, 30 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (burkill). [Synnema. acute or almost obtuse, puberulous, J-2^ in. long, lJ-3 lin. broad. Flowers in whorls at the nodes ; bracts resembling the leaves, 3-5 lin. long. Calyx 3-3 J lin. long, 5-partite; lobes subulate-linear, densely glandular-pubescent. Corolla white, 3 lin. long, 2-lipped ; lobes linear, oblong. Stamens with slightly broadened filaments. Ovary glabrous. — Adenosma africana^ T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 21. Cardan- thera africana, Benth. k Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1075. ITpper Guinea. Niger Territory : Nupe ; Jeba, Barter, 751 ! 2. S. brevitubuxny Burkill. Stem pilose, quadrangular, branched. Leaves, at least the upper, narrowly lanceolate, sessile, pilose on both surfaces, entire, 2 in. long and 4 lin. broad. Flowers G-10, crowded at each node ; bracts resembling the leaves, 3-5 lin. long. Calyx- segments 5, acute, free, pilose, the posterior 4 lin. long and f lin. broad, the others shorter and narrower. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped, only 1 J lin. long ;' the upper lip rounded, 1 lin. long ; the lower much larger, 4 lin. long, 3-fid and with 6 gland-like marks in pairs near the median line. Stamens 4, their filaments inserted at the top of the tube. Style hairy. Capsule 3 lin. long ; seeds many ; retinacula short. ITpper Guinea. Gold Coast : Upper Volta ; Salaga, Kraune t Togoland : Krakye, on the River Volta, Krause I This remarkable species has the habit of Stachys syloatica; I can compare the appearance of the curious flowers to nothing better than those of Orchis Morio, which in face view the corolla resembles. 6. HYGROPHILA, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. 1075. Calyx-segments 5, or 4 by the union of the anterior pair, equal or unequal. Corolla contorted in the bud, bilabiate, the upper lip forming a hood, the lower 3-lobed, usually plicate-rugose at the base. Stamens 4, the posterior usually smaller ; filaments of the upper and lower stamen of each side frequently united at the base ; anthers muticous, bilocular, lying under the hood. Style filiform ; posterior lobe of the stigma extremely minute. Ovary many-ovuled. Capsule linear-oblong or linear, compressed, its valves grooved on the back, 2-celled. Seeds compressed, with hygroscopic hairs; retinacula slender. — Herbs often glandular, erect or spreading, with entire leaves. Inflorescence various. — PhysichiluSy Nees in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 310. Polyechmay Hochst. in Flora, 1841, 376. Asteracantha^ Nees in Wall. PI. As. Bar. iii. 75. Nomaphila, Blume, Bijdr. 804. A genus distributed through the tropics. All the African species, of which I have seen ripe seeds, show abundantly the hygroscopic hairs ; those of the section Nomaphila from Asia, however, do not do so to the same extent. ♦AsTERACANTHA. Flowers densely packed at the nodes ; with 2-6 spines in each whorl . . . . . . 1. H. apinoaa, **Edhtorophila. Flowers sessile, or almost so, in the axils, either forming false whorls along the stem or spikes towards the apex. Flowers 14-20 at each node. Leaves 2 in. long ; sepals 2 lin. long . . . . 2. H. barhata. Leaves 3i in. long ; sepals 3-4 lin long . . , 3, H. lutea. Eygrophila.'] xcviii. acantiiace.e (burkill). 31 Flowers 2-10 at each node. Flowers in false whorls, the interuodes obvious between them. Stems hispid. Leaves f in. broad ; stamens equal . . . ^. H. uliginosa. Leaves ^ in. broad ; stamens very unequal . . b. H. Teuczii. Stems pubescent. Calyx segments unequal. Ovary pubescent . . , . . Q. H. spiciformis. Ovary glabrous. Calyx segments obtuse . . . . 1. H. odoi'a. Calyx segments acute . . . . . 8. If. acutisepala. Calyx segments equal . . . . . d. JI. astera- canthoides. Flowers forming an apparent spike, hiding the inter- nodes. Calyx divided nearly to the base. Stems glabrous, leaves slightly ciliate . . .10. H. senegalensis. iS terns and leaves pubescent . . . . 11. If. co.'.ridea. Calyx divided to a little below the middle . . 12. H. micrantha. ***NoMAPHiLA. Flowers in small cymes, which are remote from the main axis on long peduncles. Flowers small, not exceeding f in. in length. Leaves ovate IZ. H. ciliata. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate. Stem and young leaves pilose . . . . . 14. ^. pilosa. Stem and young leaves Bcabrid, pubescent, or glabrous. Leaves IJ lin. broad. Corolla scarcely 2 lin. long . . . . lb. H. linearis. Corolla 8-9 lin. long . . . . .16.-0. f/racillima. Leaves upwards of ^ in. broad ... 17. H. Uevis. Flowers large, more than 1 in. in length . . ,18. H. Gigas. 1. H. spinosa, T. Anders, in Thwaites, Enum. PI. Zeyl. 22 o. Stein stout, erect, hispid or more rarely glabrous. Leaves oblanceolate, with- out clearly distinct petioles, sparingly hispid on both surfaces, acute above, tapering very gradually to the base, 3-14 in. long, 5-15 lin. broad. Flowers in dense clusters in the axils of the leaves, with stout thorns (usually 6 to each whorl) and many lanceolate or linear bracts. Calyx with the upper sepal 7-9 lin. long, the others shorter and much narrower ; the lower pair fused almost or quite to the apex. Corolla- tube about J in. long, widening abruptly upwards ; lips G-7 lin. long, mauve. Stamens nearly equal, with the filaments of the lower pair broadened, each attached to the filament of the upper stamen of its side at the base. Capsule about 4 lin. long, linear-oblong, 4-8-seeded. — T. Anders, Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 22. H. longi/olia, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1870, ii. 78; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. ,'587. Barleria longifolia, Linn. Amoen. Acad. iv. 320. B. auriculata, Schumacher, Beskr. PI. Guin. 285. B. macracant/ia, K. Br. (name only) in Salt., Abyss. App. 64. B. heocacantha, Moris in Mem. Acad. Turin, xxxvi. 200, t. 7. Ruellia longifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 50. Aster acantha longifolia, Nees in Wall. PI. As. Rar. iii. 90 and in DC. Prod. xi. 247 ; Wight, Ic. t. 449 ; Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367, and in Ann. Istit. bot. Roma, vi. 68. A. auriculata, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 248 ; A. Rich. Tent. 82 xcviii. ACANTHACE.E (burkill), [IlT/grophila. Fl. Abyss, li. 14G. A. macrantha, Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 146. ITpper Guinea. Se.nega.mh\a, IFeudelot, 180 I GsLmhla, Botela f Brown- Lester f Gold CoaHt : Cape Coast Castle, Vogel! Keating! Accra, Don! and without precise locality, Thonmng (ex Schumacher). Lagos: Abeokuta, Eowland! Ogun River, Millen, 72 ! and without precise locality. Barter^ 20164 ! Niger Territory : Nupe, Barter, 773 ! Xlle Ziand. Galabat : Matamma, Schiveinfurth, 82 ! Abyssinia : Tigre ; near Adowa, Quartin- Dillon & Petit, 4 ! 300 ! IMount Sholoda, Schimper, 343 ! near Axum, Schimver, 1521 ! Hamedo, 4600 ft., Schimper, bbl I Mai Terkellem, 6000 ft. , >Sb/ump«r, 557 ! between Keren and Gondar, Steudner, 1498 (ex Engler). Upper Senaar : Fazokl, Kotschy, 496 ! Fashoda, on the AVhite Nile, Schweinfurth, 1097 ! Kordofan : Mount Arasch-Cool, margins of muddy places, Kotschy, 114 ! between Obeid and Mulbes, Pfund, 428 ! and without precise locality, Kotschy, 49 ! Soraaliland : Coromma, in damp shady places, Riva, 625 (ex Lindau). British East Africa : Bongoland ; by the River Sabbi, Schiveinfurth, 26191 Madi, Speke & Grant! Unyoro, Speke c& Grant, 582 1 Giriama Mountains, near Mombasa, Gregory ! XiO\(rer Guinesl. Angola : Gambos, Johnston ! Huilla ; Humpata, Johnston ! German South-west Africa : Amboland ; Olukonda, Schinz, 9 ! Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; below Ma jame, 3300 ft., Volkens, 1621 I Unyamwezi ; Mininga, Speke & Grant, 66 ! Portuguese East Africa: Mozambique, Forbes! Lower Zambesi; Expedition Island, Kirk! between Shupanga and the Shire River, Stewart! Mankokwe's village, on the Lower Shire, Kirk! British Central Africa : Nyasaland, between Kondowe and Karonga, Whytet Fort Hill, Whyte! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 805 I 1113 I Widely distributed also in India and Ceylon. 2. H. barbata^ T. Anders, in Jomm. Linn. Soc. vii. 22. A small plant much branched from the root ; branches spreading, pilose when young. Leaves linear-lanceolate, sessile, acute above, tapering very gradually to the base, somewhat hispid, attaining 2 in. in length and 2 lin. in breadth. Flowers in dense axillary whorls ; bracts linear- lanceolate, not exceeding the calyces, hispid. Calyx-segments linear, hispid, 2 lin. long, the posterior a little longer than the others. Corolla- tube about 1 lin. long; upper lip beaked, hairy, the beak being fringed with long hairs, lower 3-fid. Stamens of 2 lengths ; filaments not broadened. Capsule 2-3 lin. long, about 8-seeded. — Physichilus barbatus, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 82. Upper Guinea. Senegambia, by the River Casamanze, Heudelot, 573 ! Sierra Leone : Samu ; near Ruka, on u sandy plateau, Scott-Elliot, 4329 1 between forty-five and seventy miles north-east of Sierra Leone, Garrett ! 3. H. lutea, T. Anders, in lourn. Linn. Soc. vii. 22. Erect plant with long internodes and few leaves; stems hispid. Leaves linear- lanceolate, sessile, hispid on both surfaces, obtuse above, H in. long and 4 lin. broad. Flowers in few, densely aggregated whorls ; bracts linear-lanceolate or Hnear, hispid, about 5 lin. long. Calyx-segments linear, hispid, 3-4 lin. long; posterior slightly exceeding the others. Corolla bright yellow, small. upper Guinea. Lower Niger : Onitsa, i?rtWer, 1163 ! A species distinct in its round whorls of flowers, white with the hairs of the calyx and bracts, but described from rather iiuperfcct material. 4. H. nliginosa, aS'. Mocre in Journ. Bot. 1880, 197. Stem erect, unbranched, with few leaves, somewhat hispid below, becomicg more so Hygrophila.'] xcviii. acantiiace/K (burkill). 33 above. Leaves broadly lanceolate, or in the upper part of the stem linear-lanceolate, with scattered rough hairs on both surfaces, sessile or very shortly petiolate, entire, 2^-/5 in. long and J in. broad. Flowers whorled, 4-12 at a node; bracts lanceolate. Calyx-segments linear, acute, pubescent, nearly equal. Corolla-tube r> lin. long ; lips about 4 lin. long, purple, pubescent outside. Stamens equal. Capsule 7 lin. long. Zio-wer Guinea. Angola : Pungo Andongo ; Lonibc River and near Buniba, in swamps, Wehcitsch, 51(>6 ! 5. H. Teuczii, Lindau in Emjl. Jahrb. xx. 7. Stem quadrangular, hispid. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, petiolate, rough with white hairs along the veins on both sides, 2J in. long and h in. wide. Flowers solitary or few together in the axils of the leaves ; bracts lanceolate, hairy, J in. long. Calyx-segments 5, equal, rather shorter than the bracts, hairy. Corolla-tube 7 lin. long, hairy on both surfaces ; lips 4-5 lin. long, the middle lobe of the lower lip emarginate. Stamens very unequal, those of either side of the flower united at the base. Style hairy. Ovary hairy, becoming glabrous after the fall of the corolla, 10-12-ovuled. Jaovrer Guinea. Angola : Malange, in swamps, JIccJioic, 375. (). H. spiciformis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. .j. Stem quadran- gular, hirsute with spreading white hairs. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, narrowed to both ends, entire, very shortly stalked, pubescent on both surfaces, 2J in. long and J in. wide. Flowers in small whorls, about (i to each node ; bracts narrowly oblanceolate, ciliate along the margins, and with shorter glandular hairs on the surfaces. Calyx-segments linear, about 5 lin. long, the posterior slightly longer and broader, glandular. Corolla-tube 4 lin. long, pubescent outside; lips 4-5 lin. long, the lower deeply divided. Stamens unequal ; filaments of the lower pair broadened, and united at the base to the upper pair. Ovary pubescent. — Lindau in Ann. Istit. bot. Roma, vi. 08. xrile Xiand. Abyssinia: Gondar, Steudner, 1523. Somaliland : Puver Dana near Aloi, Biva, 517. nxozamb. Bist. East Africa: without locality, Fischer, 479! German East Africa: Ugogo ; Massweyo, Stuhlmann, 333, Uyanzi ; Pungusi, Stvhlma.nv, 42-4. Muhale stream, Stuhlmann, 461. A species very nearly allied to H. odora. 7. H. odora, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. \\\. 22. Stem erect, pubescent. Leaves lanceolate, or in the upper part of the stem linear- lanceolate, sessile or shortly petiolate, entire, somewhat acute above, pubescent on both surfaces, 3 in. long and nearly 1 in. broad. Flowers whorled 4-12 at a node ; bracts linear-lanceolate, pubescent. Calyx- segments linear, obtuse, pubescent, 4 lin. long, ^ lin. broad, the posterior longer and twice as broad. Corolla-tube 4 lin. long ; lips 4-5 lin. long, pink, pubescent outside. Stamens nearly equal ; filaments of the lower pair not broadened, united each at the base to that of the upper stamen 84 xcviii. ACANTHACEvE (burkill). [HygropMla. of its side. Style hairy. Ovary glabrous, 12-lG-ovuled. — Polyechma odo7'um, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 83. I7pper Guinea. Senegambia : Fonta d'Hiallon, Heudelot, 12 (ex Nees), and without precise locality, Heudelot, 807 ! Sierra Leotie : near Mofari, on the River Scarcies, /Scott-Elliot, 4723 I 8. H, acutisepala, Burkill. Stem erect, quadrangular, pubescent. Leaves lanceolate, petiolate, scabrid-pubescent on both surfaces, obtuse below, acute above, 2 in. long and 7-8 lin. broad ; petioles of the lower leaves 8 lin. long. Flowers usually G to each node ; bracts oblanceolate, pubescent. Calyx-segments linear-setaceous, pubescent, 5 lin. long, the posterior a very little longer than the others. Corolla-tube 5-6 lin. long, glabrous; lips 5 lin. long, pubescent outside, the lower 3-fid. Stamens unequal ; the filaments of the upper and lower stamen of either side of the flower united at the base. Style hairy. Ovary glabrous, about 20-ovuled. Capsule nearly J in. long, glabrous. Wile Iiand. Without locality, Petherick ! 9. ^. asteracanthoideSy Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 6. Stem quadrangular, pubescent when young especially at the nodes. Leaves lanceolate, acute, sessile, tapering slightly to the base, pubescent, 2J in. long, 7-8 lin. broad. Flowers in small whorls, usually 6 to each node ; bracts lanceolate, pubescent. Calyx-segments equal, 5-6 lin. long, pubescent. Corolla-tube 5 lin. long, hairy outside ; lips 5-6 lin. long, hairy, the lower 3-fid. Stamens of either side of the flower united at the base. Ovary glabrous, or with a few glandular hairs. Capsule nearly J in. long, 12-seeded. Wile ]bancl. Erytrea : OBvc\?iva,,lb(i^h.,Schweinfurth&Riva,2\0Q\ Abyssinia: between Keren and Goiidar, Steiidner, 1498, Tigramme, Rohlf & Stecker. 10. H. senegaleusis, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 22, Stems erect, quadrangular, glabrous, fully branched. Leaves linear, sessile, entire, acute at the apex and tapering slightly to the base, 1-lJ in. long and 1-2 lin. broad, glabrous, or the uppermost sparingly ciliate. Flowers in short spikes at the ends of the branches, 2 at each node; bracts linear, ciliate. Calyx-segments linear-subulate, equal, ciliate. Corolla-tube 3 Un. long; lips 3 lin. long, the lower with 3 large teeth. Stamens almost equal ; filaments of the upper and lower of each side united at the base, all slender. Style hairy. Ovary glabrous ; seeds nxnxiQTOMS.—^Physichilus senegalensis, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 81. Upper Guinea. Sahara, Ouillemin! Senegal, Roger, 32 ! Richard! Sene- gambia, Eevdelot, 139 1 Gambia, Brovm-Lester, 12 1 11. H. csenilea, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 22. Stems much branched from the base, obscurely angled, pubescent. Leaves narrowly obovate, sessile, pilose, 7-10 lin. long, 2-4 lin. broad. Flowers in short terminal spikes, often very small on the lateral branches; bracts linear, scarcely equalling the calyx, ciliated. Calyx-segments 3-4 lin. long, almost filiform, ciliate, the posterior slightly longer and Hygrophila.'] xcviii. acanthace^ (burkill). 35 broader. Corolla-tube 4 lin. long; lips o-4 lin. long, slightly hairy outside. Stamens unequal ; filaments of the lower longer pair broadened, slightly hairy. Style hairy. Capsule 4 lin. long, many-seeded. — Polyechma cceruleurrij Hochst. in Flora, 1841, o77 ; Nees in DC. Prod, xi. 82. N-lle land. Kordofan : Gebel el Glet, Pfund, 98 ! Om Cherene, Pf'and, 156 ! White Nile : near Mount Mussa, Kotschy, 310 ! at El-Ehs, Schivdnfurth, 970 ! Bahr- el-Abiad, d'Arnaud (ex Nees). 12. H. micrantha, T. Anders, hi Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 22. Spreading plant, much branched; stems hispid with spreading hairs. Upper leaves oblong, obtuse, sessile, 1 in. or so long, entire. Flowers in whorls at the nodes, the one half of the whorl (i.e. the small inflor- escence from the axil of one leaf) 1-few-flowered, the other half 3-several-flowered ; bracts oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, petiolate, equalling the calyx; bracteoles small, subulate. Calyx only divided into equal segments to a little below the middle, hirsute. Corolla white, slightly exceeding the calyx; lower lip not rugose-plicate. Capsule lG-20- seeded. — Polyechma micranthum^ Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 88. Upper Guinea. Senegal, Perrottet, 477, 32. Kunth (ex Nees). Senegambia, Dagana, Leprieur ! Habit in general of H. ccerulea; to this species it certainly is most nearly allied. 13. H. ciliata, Burkill. Stem erect, quadrangular, glabrous. Leaves ovate, sessile, regularly serrate, glabrous, \\ in. long, J in. wide, with 10-12 veins arising from each side of the midrib. Inflorescences 1-3-flowered cymes arising singly from the nodes. Calyx-lobes linear, fringed with hairs along the margins ; dorsal lobe exceeding the others, 3 J lin. long. Corolla pubescent outside ; tube about 3 Hn. long ; upper lip 2 lin. long ; lower a little longer. Stamens nearly equal ; filaments of the lower pair broad and with a few hairs. Ovary pubescent, with 35-40 ovules. — Nomaphila ciliata, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 21. lower Guinea. Congo, /Smith, 13 ! 14. H. pilosa, Burkill. Stems rather slender, obscurely angled, somewhat pilose. Leaves linear-lanceolate, sessile, entire, tapering to both ends, pilose when young, 2 in. long and J in. wide. Flowers solitary, or two together, borne on rather long peduncles, a pair of which arise from each node. Calyx-segments pilose, the upper linear- lanceolate, 4 lin. long ; the others linear, 3 lin. long. Corolla slightly pilose outside ; tube 3 lin. long ; upper lip 21 lin. long ; lower a little longer and marked with orange spots. Stamens nearly equal ; filaments of the lower pair broad, almost glabrous. Ovary pubescent, with about 20 ovules. Mozamb. Bist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Fort Hill, 3500-4000 ft., Wkyte! North Zambesia ; Batoka Highlands, 3000 ft., Klr/c ! 15. H. linearis, Burkill. Stem weak, ascending, about 18 in. long, rooting at the base, glabrous. Leaves linear, sessile, glabrous, entire, 36 xcviii. ACANTUACE.*: (burkill). [Hygrophila. acute at the apex, ^ in. long, 1-1 -j Hn. \vdde. Inflorescences of 1-2- flowered cymes arising singly from the upper nodes. Flowers on pedicels about 1 lin. long. Calyx-teeth linear, acute, nearly equal, glabrous. Corolla scarcely 2 lin. long. Ovary with about 14 ovules. Iiower Guinea. Angol.a, Welinitseh, 5772 ! IG. H. gracillixna, Burkill. Stem stout, much branched at the base, glabrous, obscurely angled in the thinner branches. Leaves linear-lanceolate, sessile, scabrid on both surfaces, acute or subacute above, rounded below, upwards of 1 in. long, IJ lin. broad. Flowers solitary or 2 together in small cymes arising singly from the nodes. Calyx-teeth linear, scabrid ; the upper 5 lin. long, J- lin. broad, the others 4 lin. long. Corolla-tube 4-5 lin. long, somewhat pubescent outside ; upper lip 3 lin., lower 4 lin. long, with 2 yellow marks on the palate. Stamens nearly equal ; filaments of the lower pair sparingly hairy. Ovary pUbescent. Capsule somewhat pubescent, 4-5 lin. long, containing ^^5-40 seeds. — Nomaphila gracillima, Schinz in Verhandl. hot. Yer. Brandenburg, 1889, lOG. Iiower Guinea. Aniboland : Olukonda, common on moist land and in grass by water, Schinz, 7 ! 8 ! 18 ! 17. H. Isevis, Lindau in Engl, and Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B, 297. Stem erect, bluntly angled, clad with very short hairs. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, sessile, entire, acute above, somewhat rounded below, when young clad like the stem with very short hairs, becoming glabrous later, 2\ in. long, \ in. broad. Inflorescences arising as 3-7- flowered cymes for the most part singly at the nodes. Calyx-teeth linear, acute, glandular-pubescent, the posterior nearly J in. long, ^ lin. broad, the others 4 lin. long. Corolla pink ; tube 3-4 lin. long, pubes- cent outside. Stamens nearly equal ; filaments of the lower pair fringed, especially on the lower side, with short, stiff hairs. Ovary pubescent, with about 10 ovules. Capsule 5 lin. long, glabrous. — Nomaphila IcBvis, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 21. ITpper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot, 197 ! Niger Territory : Nupe, swampy margins of streams. Barter, 1139 ! 1285 ! 18. H, Gigas, Burkill. Stem 4-5 ft. high, pubescent, obscurely angled in the upper part. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, entire, tapering to both ends, pubescent, the upper 3| in. long and J in. wide. Flowers on 2-3-flo\vered cymes arising singly from the nodes. Calyx glandular- pubescent ; lobes linear-subulate, 4, or in the dorsal sepal 5 lin., long, arising from a basal cup 1 lin. deep. Corolla pubescent outside ; tube 8 lin. long, much dilated above; upper lip 7 lin. long; lower slightly longer and with long hairs on the palate. Stamens with filaments of difierent length, those of the lower pair hardly broadened, glabrous. Ovary with 12-14 ovules. Mozamb. X>i8t. British (Central Africa : Fort Young, in a damp district. NichoUon ! Perhaps BriUantaisia didynama, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 313, may be this species. It was collected at Lufiro in Nyasalaiid by Captain Descamps. Brillantaisia.] XCVIII. ACANTHACEiE (bURKILL). 87 7. BRILLANTAISIA, Beauv. ; Benth. et. Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1076. Calyx 5-partite; segments linear, sometimes spathulate, usually unequal. Corolla 2-lipped, conspicuous; tube comparatively short, upper lip of two petals forming a hood ; lower of three petals more or less saccate towards the base. Stamens 2, their anthers protected by the hood of the corolla ; ventral pair of stamens represented by stamiuodes ; filaments inserted into the tube of the corolla to which they are con- nected for some distance. Pollen with longitudinal ribs, sometimes spiny. Stigma projecting beyond the hood ; posterior lobe reduced to a very small tooth. Ovary with many ovules. Capsule linear, its valves grooved on the back, 2-celled. Seeds many, flattened ; retina- cula present. — Herbs reaching 10 ft. in height, with large leaves, the upper and often the lower side of which, owing to the presence of crystals, appears as if marked with white scratches. Flowers of various shades of purple. — BeUmtheria, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. OG. LeucorhaphiSy Nees, I.e. 97. A genus confined to Tropical Africa and Madagascar, containing 22 species. * EuRYANTHiUM. — Infloresccnce a panicle, or in 8 a raceme. Sepals linear, equal, or nearly so, acute. Corolla nearly 1 in. long I. B. Lamium. Corolla nearly 14 in. long, glandular outside . ._ .2. B. Enuni. Sepals linear, obtuse, sometimes spathulate, the posterior a little larger than the others. Corolla-tube more than half as long as the lips. All parts hairy 3. 5. pnhescens. Leaves glabrous. Panicle with short glandular hairs . . . . 4. B. Soycnixii. Panicle glabrous b. B. debilis. Corolla-tube not half as long as the lips. Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. Leaves pubescent 0- ^- Nyanzarunu Leaves glabrous. Posterior sepal broadly spathulate . . . 7. B. cicairicosa. Posterior sepal slightly broadened above. Inflorescence a slender raceme . . . . 8. B. lancifolia. Inflorescence a panicle . . . • . \). B. oivariensis. Leaves ovate, cordate or rounded below. Petioles firm, usually shorter than the blade of the leaf. Lips of corolla less than 3 in. long . . .10. B. votjeliana. Lips of corolla ^-1 in. long. Panicle racemiform . . . • • . 1\. B. nlteng. Panicle lax, leaves nearly glabrous . . .12. B. salvnfiora. Panicle lax, leaves pubescent . . . . IS. B. leonemis. Lips of the corolla about li in. long . . • 1-i. B. pattda. Petioles weak, almost as long'as the elliptical blade . 15. B. schwnanniana. Sepals linear, the posterior much broader than the others. Posterior sepal twice as broad as the others . . IQ. B. Kirunyce. Posterior sepal thrice as broad as the others Corolla-tube .short 17. ^. suhduguruxi. Corolla-tube Icmi; 18. /^. nhujurica. 38 xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (burkill). [Brillantaisia. ** Stknanthium, Inflorescence a spike. Leaves with scattered hairs 19.-5. madagascariensis. Leaves glabrous 20. -S. verruadosa. 1. B. Lamiuzn^ Benth. in Hook. }^Hger Flora, ill. Herbaceous, 3-4 ft. high (Mann). Stem somewhat pilose. Leaves cordate or cordate-ovate, acuminate, forming a small wing to the upper end of the petiole, pilose on both sides, entire or nearly so ; the uppermost sessile. Inflorescence a lax panicle, glandular-pubescent ; lower bracts ovate. Calyx-segments equal, acute, rather sparingly clad with glandular haiis. Corolla deep blue ; tube \ in. long, sUghtly exceeding the calyx-seg- ments ; lips 7-8 lin. long. Staminodes densely glandular. Capsule IJ in. long, glabrous, with about 20 seeds to each valve. — Leucorhaphis Lamium, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 07. Brillantaisia owariensis, Hook, (partly), Bot. Mag. t. 4717, fig. 3; Engl, in Engl. Jahrb. vii. 339; T. Anders, in Joarn. Linn. Soc. vii. 21 (not of Beauv.). B. Palisotiiy Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 99 ; and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 296, fig. 119 (not typical) ; Henriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot. x. 146. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : Kortright Hill, Freuss (ex Lindau), and without precise locality, ^y^eZiws (ex Lindmi)\ Liberia: Cape Palmas, Ansell! Gold Coast, jBurton & Cameron ! Togoland : Misahohe, Baumaiin, 67 I Bisniarckburg, Biittner, 231 (ex Lindau). Lagos : near Otto, Millen, 7 I Abeokuta, Irving ! Lower Niger : Onitsa, Barter, 103 ! Niger Delta : Nun Kiver, Vogel, 17 ! Cameroons : Bipinde, Zenker, 1104 ! Rio del Key, Johnston! Mungo, Buchholz (ex JAndau). Xiower Guinea. Princes Island, Rattray! Mann, 1142 ! Island of St. Thomas : Kio de Ourn, Sandade, Qvintos, 88 (ex Henriques), Blv.blu, Nov;i Moka, 2800 ft., Moller (ex Henriques). South Central. Lunda : Bashilange; Lulua River, Pogge, 1123 (ex Lindau). 2. B. Eznini, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 103. Stem tall, pilose above. Lower leaves unknown, uppermost cordate, sessile, acuminate, entire, pilose, thin. Inflorescence a loose panicle, glandular. Calyx- teeth acute, nearly equal, glandular. Corolla-tube h in. long, with glandular hairs outside ; lips violet, 1-1 J in. long, with glandular hairs outside ; teeth of the lower lip small. Staminodes densely glandular. Capsule 1| in. long, glabrous, with 16 seeds to each cell. mxozamb. Sist. German East Africa : Karagwe ; Bukoba, Stuhlmann, 3644 I 3995. It is very doubtfully distinct from B. Lamium. The upper leaves of this and B. Laniium are very similar ; in the loose panicle and long capsules they agree very closely ; tlu- only obvious point of difference between them is in the size of the glandular coroUa, and it will be granted that this is a very unsatisfactory one. I have only seen a very small fragment. 3. B. pubescenSy T. Ariders. ex Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 125. A low very aromatic herb. Stem densely covered with long white glandular hairs, pale in colour. Leaves ovate, contracted gradually to both extremities, or the upper ones obtuse at the apex, pilose above, pubescent below, entire, 4 in. long, 1 J in. wide ; petiole | in. long, pilose. Inflorescence very much branched, like the stem glandular pilose ; bracts spathulate. Calyx-segments linear subspathulate, covered with glandular hairs. Corolla-tube narrow, curved in large flowers, Brillantaida.] xcviii. acanthace^ (burkill). 39 nearly J in. long; lips 8-10 lin. long, *' brown tinged with lilac" (Scott), the lower with some long white hairs, in small flowers the corolla-tube sometimes barely 2 lin. long, the lips S lin. long. Staminodes varying in size in proportion to the size of the corolla, sometimes very small. Capsule 5-7 lin. long, sparingly pilose. — B. anomala, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 366. nxozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Khutu ; Kiveiigwe, 900 ft., tSpeke d Grant ! near the mouth of the Rovuraa River, Kirk ! Portuguese East Africa : Villa Gouveia, Carvalho (ex Lindau); Zambesi Delta; banks of the River Quaqua (Kwakwa), Scott! British Central Africa: Manganja Hills, Meller ! Shire VaDey, Waller! Katuuga, on the River Shire, Scott! It appears that the flowers most remote from the main axis are smallest, and have the least capsule. On the specimen which served as a basis for the original description there is a difference of 2 lin. in dimension between the fruits near the top and the bottom of the inflorescence. B. anomala appears to be a depauperate form, as are the specimens collected at Katunga. 4. B. Soyauxiiy Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 101. Stem glabrous. Lower leaves unknown, upper leaves ovate, rounded below and forming a very short wing to the upper part of the petiole, acuminate with triangular blunt teeth on the margin or almost entire, thin, glabrous. Inflorescence a many-flowered panicle, with shortly glandular hairs; bracts lanceolate. Calyx segments glandular, the posterior the longest and broadest. Corolla-tube 4 lin. long ; lips 6 lin. long, violet, the lower with 3 short teeth. Staminodes delicate ; their sterile anthers with an appendix. Capsule 7 lin. long, with 26-28 seeds to each valve. Ibower Guinea. Gaboon : Munda ; Sibange Farm, Soyaux, 454. 5. B. debilis, Burkill. A weak plant growing in wet places. Stem glabrous. Leaves ovate, narrow below, with a short wing, acuminate above, almost entire, glabrous on both sides, 2 J in. long, 1 J in. wide. Inflorescence lax, few-flowered, glabrous ; bracts lanceo- late. Calyx-segments linear, nearly equal, fringed with glandular hairs. Corolla-tube 5 lin. long ; lips 8 lin. long, dark purple, the upper sparingly hairy outside. Staminodes densely covered with short glandular hairs. Style hairy. Ovary 10 lin. long, glabrous, with about 20 seeds to each valve. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Efulen, Bates, 350 ! 6. B. Nyanzarum, Burkill. Stem glabrous below. Leaves ovate, narrowed into the petiole, slightly acuminate above, regularly dentate- serrate on the margins, pubescent on the lower face, less so above, 5 in. long and 2J in. wide. Inflorescence lax ; lateral branches short, veiy glandular- pubescent ; bracts lanceolate, pubescent. Calyx-segments linear, glandular-pubescent; posterior segment the largest, obtuse. Corolla-tube 3 lin. long ; lips 1 in. long, the upper slightly pilose outside, the lower with 3 short teeth. Staminodes with a few glandular hairs. Style hairy. Ovary with 14 ovules to each cell. wile Ziand. British East Africa : Kavirondo, riverside, Scott-EUiot, 6999 ! 7. B. cicatricosa, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 4. A shrubby plant with a subglabrous stem. Lower leaves unknown, the upper sessile, ovate, acute, entire, glabrous. Inflorescence a many-flowered loose 40 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (burkill). [BrUlantaisia. panicle, almost glabrous ; bracts ovate. Calyx-segments nearly glabrous, the posterior broadly spathulate above. Corolla-tube 5 lin. long ; lips nearly 1 in. long, the teeth of the lower about 2 lin. long. Capsule over IJ in. long, with 16-20 seeds, hairy ; retinacula large. wile I.and. West side of Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., StuMmann, 2301. 8. B. lancifolia, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 08. Stem herbaceous, glabrous below. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 8 in. long and J in. wide, glabrous on both surfaces, entire or nearly so. Inflorescence a large raceme, glandular-pubescent. Calyx-segments linear, the uppermost slightly enlarged towards the apex, fringed with glandular hairs. Corolla-tube 4 lin. long ; lips 9-11 lin. long, purple, glabrous. Staminodes with a very few glandular hairs. Capsule 10 lin. long, with a few glandular hairs, and 18-24 seeds to each valve. Ziower Guinea. Gaboon : Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1688 ! 1). B. owariensis, Beauv. Fl. Owar. ii. 68, t. 100 {not of llooh.) Stem 1(1-12 ft. high (Mann), glabrous. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, gradually narrowed into the petiole, 9 in. long, 3 in. wide, glabrous, evenly serrate on the margins. Inflorescence a loosely thyrsiform panicle, glandular-pubescent ; bracts lanceolate, falling off early. Calyx-segments linear, acute. Corolla-tube 4 lin. long ; lips 10-11 lin. Staminodes glandular. Ovary pubescent, 20-2 4-ovuled. — Belantheria helvisiana, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 97. Upper Guinea. Benin : A^».{\ioa, Beauvois ; Cameroons, at 3000 ft., Mann, 1959 I Freuss, 600 I Under this name Lindau has placed specimens which I refer to B. vogeliana and to B. jpatula. As his and other authors' views of species differ from mine, it has been necessary to reject any statement which could not be tested, and only in the case of £. Lumlmn — a species which can scarcely be confused — are localities cited on the word of other writers. 10. B. vogeliana, Benth. in Hooh. Niger Fl. 477 {partly\ Stem 4-5 ft. high, erect, pale. Leaves varying from elliptic to cordate, the petiole winged in the upper part, sparingly pilose on both sides, at least when young, the margins of the larger leaves coarsely serrate, of the smaller sinuate. Inflorescence a lax panicle, often much branched, glandular-hirsute ; bracts ovate to lanceolate. Calyx-segments linear, slightly broadened at the apex, blunt, fringed with long glandular hairs. Corolla varying in size, violet, frequently orange towards the base, tube 1 J-2J lin. long ; lips 5-8 lin. long. Staminodes somewhat glandular. Capsule 7-8 lin. long, pubescent, with 18-28 seeds to each valve. — T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 21. B. Preussii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 100. B. MoUeri, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 99 ; Henriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot. x. 14G. Leucorhaphis vogeliana, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 97. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Buea, 3200 ft., Freuss, 998! Barombi, Preuss, 320 1 Efulen, in open places, Bates, 216 ! Yaunde, Zenker, 513 ! and without precise locality, Prems, 1029 ! Fernando Po, Vogei, 179 ! Mann, 36 ! Ziower Guinea. Island of St. Thomas : Monte Cafe. Koca, S. Nicolau, 2300ft., Moller, 87 ; Pon! B. Mollerl appears to differ from more typical specimens in nothing but the fewer seeds to the capsule. Brillantaisia.] xcviii. acanthace.e (burkill). 41 11. B. nitens, Lindau in Eitgl. Jahrh. xvii. 102. 8tem reaching H ft. in height, glabrous below. Leaves broadly ovate, cordate or abruptly narrowed into the winged petiole, very acuminate above, regularly serrate on the margins, sprinkled with short hairs on both surfaces. Inflorescence a narrow panicle, the lateral branches scarcely 1 in. long, densely covered with long glandulai* hairs. Calyx-segments linear, the posterior the longest and rather broader towards its apex, glandular-pubescent. Corolla-tube o lin. long ; lips 1 in. long, the upper pilose outside, purple. Staminodes glandular. Ovary with 1 4-16 ovules in each cell. Upper Guinea. Caraeroons : Efulen, Bates, 435 ! Yaunde, Zenker & Staudt, 520 ! West of Buea, 6000 ft., Preuss, 847 ! A well marked species. 12. B. salviiflora, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 101. Stem glabrous below. Leaves ovate, subcordate or narrowed into the more or less winged petiole, acuminate, with a few hairs on either surface, the margin coarsely, and on the smaller leaves more or less regularly, den- tate ; the wing of the petiole almost without teeth. Inflorescence a lax panicle, glandular-pubescent. Calyx-segments linear ; the posterior the longest and broadest, glandular-pubescent. Corolla-tube 4 lin. long; lips 7-9 lin. long, the upper pilose outside. Staminodes slightly glandu- lar, with an appendix to the anther. Capsule 8 lin. long, pubescent, with 12-14 seeds to each valve. Upper Guinea. Togoland : Bismavckbarg, Biittner, 341 ; Ashanti, Assin-Yan- Coomassie, Cummins, 245 ! Sierra Leone : forty-five to seventy miles north-east from the coast, Garrett! To this species apparently belongs that mentioned by Bowdich (Mission to Ashantee, 374), of which a poor specimen is preserved at the British Museum. 13. B. leonensis, Burkill. Stem 1-4 ft. high, glabrous below. Leaves broadly ovate, cordate or rounded below, shortly acuminate above, margin regularly serrate, clad on both surfaces with soft white hairs ; petiole winged above, and especially while young densely covered ^vith hairs on the upper side. Inflorescence a some- what close panicle, glandulai>pubescent. Calyx-segments linear, glandu- lar-pubescent, the upper longest and somewhat broadened towards the apex. Corolla- tube 4 Un. long; lips 7-10 lin. long, the upper with hairs on the outside, the low^er with three short teeth. Staminodes glandular. Capsule 1 in. long, glandular-pubescent, with about IG seeds to each valve. — B. owariensis, Hook, (partly), Bot. Mag. t. 4717, figs. 1 and 2. B. Lamium, Bentb. in Hook. Niger Fl. 477 (partly). Upper Guinea. SieiTa Leone, Whucood Reade ! on the way to Kegent, Scott-EUiot, 3990a ! and without precise locality, Dan ! 14. B. patula, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 21. Stem stout, 6-8 ft. in height, 4-0 in. in circumference at the base {Grant). Leaves ovate to elliptic, 12 in. long, 8 in. wide, slightly acuminate at the apex, rounded towards the base, and then prolonged downward in broad wings almost or quite to the base of the petiole ; margin coarsely serrate ; 42 xcviii. ACANTiiACE^ (burkill). [BriUantaisia . a few scattered hairs on each surface. Inflorescence a somewhat lax panicle, the branches frequently falsely dichotomous, more or less covered with short glandular hairs ; bracts ovate to lanceolate. Calyx- segments linear, obtuse, with glandular hairs. Corolla large; upper lip IJ in. long, yellow spotted with lilac, pilose on the outside near the apices ; lower lip and the tube lilac ; tube attaining 7 lin. in length. Staminodes glandular. Capsule 10-11 lin. long, with about 20 seeds to each valve.— 2?. alata, T. Anders, ex Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 12r»: Durand c\: Wildeman, Comptes-rendus Soc. bot. Belg. xxxvi. 8^5. Upper Guinea. Cameroons, Preuss, 600 ! Wrile Iiand. British East Africa : Uganda and Unyovo, Spe7:e ci- Grant, 583 ! jMO-wer Guinea* Gaboon River, J/«?m, 1007! Loango : Bango, Soyaux, 118 1 Congo, /Smith ! Burton! Angola: Golungo Alto, Welwitscli, olbQ \ Var. Webcitscfiii, Burkill. — Calyx-segments rather broader, less hairy. Corolla an intense blue. — L. alata, 8. Moore in .Tourn. Bot. 1880. 197 in part. Xiower Guinea. Angola : Golungo Alto ; Quiapoze and Cuango Rivulets, near Sange, Wehcitsch, 5149 ! Quibolo, U'ehcitsch, 5182 ! 15. B. schumanniana, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 102. Stem glabrous. Leaves broadly ovate, rounded or subcordate at the base, shortly acuminate above, slightly pilose, 4 in. long, 3 in. wide, their margins serrate at the base, sinuate towards the apex ; petiole nearly as long as the blade, with a few acute leafy teeth at the apex. In- florescence somewhat lax, the branches covered with dark glandular hairs ; upper bracts linear-lanceolate. Calyx-segments linear, obtuse or subspathulate at the apex, fringed with glandular hairs ; posterior seg- ment the longest. Corolla-tube b lin. long; lips 10-11 lin. long. Staminodes slightly glandular. Capsule 1 in. long, with about 30 seeds to each valve. Upper Guinea. Cameroons, JJraun, 47 ! 10. B. Kirungse, Lindau ex Engl, in Gotzen, Durch Africa von Ost nach West, Sonderahdr, 4, 9. Stem tall, the lower part unknown; pilose near the inflorescence. Lower leaves unknown ; upper ovate, sessile, cordate at the base, acuminate above, with large regular teeth on the margin, pilose. Inflorescence a panicle, pubescent ; bracts lanceo- late. Calyx-segments glandular pilose, the posterior a little longer than, and twice as broad as, the others. Corolla-tube 5 lin. long, slightly narrowed above ; upper lip of the corolla 10 lin. long, the lower 14, with fairly large triangular teeth. Staminodes clavate, rather long. Ovary with 16-20 ovules, densely pilose; style pilose. Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Kirunga Volcano, north of Lake Kivu, Gotzen, 48. An insufficiently known species. 17. B. subulugurica, Burkill. Stem glabrous below. Leaves broadly ovate, acute or acuminate, rounded or subcordate below, and prolonged as a wing on the upper half of the petiole, the margin coarsely dentate or serrate, slightl}- pilose on both surfaces. Inflorescence a Brillcmtaisia.] xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (burkill). 43 panicle with the flowers somewhat crowded on the ends of the lateral branches (the lowermost 1 in. long), covered with a fine pubescence. Calyx-segments glandular-pubescent, linear, the uppermost slightly longer than, and three times as broad as, the lateral. Corolla-tube 3 lin. long, glabrous outside, not narrowing to the throat ; lips 1 in. long, the upper sparingly glandular-pubescent, the lower cleft for a quarter of its length into 3 acute teeth. Stamens and staminodes sparingly hairy below. Capsule 1 J in. long, finely pubescent, each valve with about 12 seeds. Mozamb. Blst. Portuguese East Africa : Makua Country, Namuli Hills, Last I Tliis species and B. uliigurica have in common the broad upper calyx-segment and the large few-seeded capsule. They diflEer markedly in the length of the corolla-tube. 18. B. ulugurica, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xxii. 112. Stem about 3 ft. high, glabrous below, pilose above. Upper leaves ovate, sessile, coarsely jagged towards the base, glabrous. Inflorescence with the flowers secund on the smaller branches ; bracts ovate, sessile. Calyx- segments unequal, the uppermost slightly longer than, and three times as broad as, the lateral, all clad with reddish-brown glandular hairs. Corolla-tube 7 lin. long, narrowing upwards, with glandular hairs out- side ; lips about \\ in. long, the lower cleft for one-third of its length into 3 acute teeth. Filaments broadened and hairy towards their insertion. Capsule nearly IJ in. long, thickly covered with glandular hairs ; seeds about 12 to each valve. TCozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Ukami ; Ulugiuni, StuUmann, 8850, 9224 ! 19. B. madagascariensis, T. Anders, ex Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xvii. 103. Stem glabrous below, upwards of 8 ft. high. Leaves broadly ovate, acuminate above, and prolonged in a wing down the petiole, with scattered white hairs on either side, nearly entire. Inflorescence a spike; bracts ovate -elliptic, fringed with long hairs. Calyx-seg- ments linear, obtuse, densely covered with glandular hairs. Corolla- tube 5-6 lin. long ; lips 8-11 lin. long, the lower very broad (8 lin.), and with three large blunt teeth at the apex, both pilose outside. Staminodes sparingly glandular. Ovary with 8-10 seeds in each cell. — T. spicata^ Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 4. IVIozainb. Dlst. German East Africa : Usarabara ; Lutindi, Hoist, 3316 I GoDJa, Hoist, 4216 ! in fields and clearings, and without precise locality, Buchwald, 252 I Also in Madagascar. 20. B. verruculosa, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xxii. 113. Stem about 2 ft. high. Leaves ovate, acuminate above, and narrowed into the petiole below, glabrous, margins entire or slightly toothed, 4 in. long, 2 in. wide. Inflorescence a spike, hairy; bracts rhomboidal. Calyx- segments linear, with hairs of 2 forms, long and short, glandular. Corolla-tube 5 lin. long, widening upwards ; lips 6 lin. long, white, the lower sparingly glandular. Stamens with hairs at their base. Ovary with 8-10 ovules in each cell, with glandular hairs. Capsule unknown. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Yaunde, in dry places, Zenker cC Staudt, 106. The plant has received its name from the warts on the pollen. It and the above appear to be very similar. 44 xcviii. ACANTHACE.E (clarke). [Bi'Ukintaieia, Imperfectly-known Species . B. hirsuta, 2\ Anders, in Joarn. Agrlc. Hort. Soc. India, N.8. i. 1868, 267. 8. RUEIiLIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1077. Calyx (in Tropical African species) divided deeply into five subequal segments. Corolla J-^J in. long; tube inflated nearly from the base, or linear-cylindric portion 2-3 in. long ; not decisively 2-lipped ; lobes contorted in bud. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; anther-cells '2, not spurred at the base ; pollen globose, surface reticulate or honeycombed. Style with one oblong-linear branch, the other suppressed; ovary with 6-16 ovules, glabrous or hairy. Capsule cylindric, perfecting more than 4 seeds. Seeds nearly glabrous on the faces, with much hygroscopic white hair on the margin. Leaves wavy crenate or subentire, not distinctly toothed ; not very unequal at the base, nor those of one pair very un- equal. Flowers axillary, solitary or in small cymes, not running into strobilate spikes. Bracteoles small or large, but not enclosing the calyx. Species 20U, in all warm regions. The Tropical African species, with two exceptions, belong so far as known to the subgenus D ipter acanthus ; these are recognised generically at a glance by the clavate many-seeded capsule ; when no fruit is present, the herbarium examples can be usually recognised by the honey-combed pollen ; most of the neighbouring genera have ribbed pollen. * DiPTERACANTiius. Capsule clavate ; lower portion solid, Bubcjlindric. Seeds imbricated obliquely all near the top. Corolla |-2 in. long ; linear portion of tube less than ^ in. long. Calyx :|-f in. long, teeth usually acute. Ovary (except tip) glabrous. Calyx ^-^ in. long. Leaves petioled. Leaves l-l^ in- long, ovate, subobtuse . . 1. Ji. 2)atula. Leaves 2-3 in. long, elliptic, tip triangular acute . 2. B. prcetermissa. Leaves subsessile. Leaves l-li in. long, elliptic, sparsely hispid . 3. B. sndanica. Leaves 1^ in. long, oblong, hispid . . . A. R. leucoderma. Leaves less than h in, long, ovate, scaly . . b. B. placoidea Ovary (and capsule) hairy nearly or quite to the base. Calyx J-^ in. long. Leaves 2-3 in. long, elliptic-lanceolate, hispid . . 6. B. pront rata . Leaves 2-3 in. long, elliptic, nearly glabrous, lower obtuse . . . . . , . . 1. B. (fcnduana. Leaves 2 in. long, i in. broad . . . . S. B. linear i-hracteo- CoroUa very long ; linear portion of the tube 1-3 in. long. Calyx-teetl) not acute. Innovations with stellately-tomentose hairs. Corolla- tube 1^-2 in. long 9. i?. disclfoliu. Plant without stellate hairs. Corolla-tube subcylindric, inflated only close to the top. lata. Euellia.] xcviii. acanthace.^ (clarke). 45 Calyx-segments 5, free nearly to the base. Leaves 3^ in. long, ovate, acute, base subcordate 10. B. amnhilis. Leaves 2 in. long, ovate, subobtuse . . . 11. ^. megachlamys. Calyx with the 2 anticous segments connate some way up 12. y?. hignoniceflora. Corolla-tube upper half greatly inflated . . .13. It. Ourrori. ** Eu-RuELLiA. Capsule oblong-cylindric. Seeds dis- tributed nearly its whole length. Leaves with long white soft hairs 14. ^. diver si folia. Leaves closely densely pubescent 15. JL Marhthii. 1. R. patula, Jacq. Misc. Bot. ii. ''^^^'f^. Small shrub, gre}-- pubescent or sparsely hairy. Leaves from J by ^ to 2-i- by l\ in., ovate or elliptic, obtuse or tip depressed-triangular, suddenly narrowed into a petiole |— 1 in. long. Cymes small, axillary; bracteoles 2 or 3 times the length of the calyx, spathulate-oblong, often petioled. Calyx rarely exceeding \ in. in length, deeply divided ; segments subequal, acute. Corolla up to IJ in. long, purple-blue or white ; tube much inflated, linear-cylindric portion \ in. long (small examples with corolla | in. long and small leaves and capsules are common). Ovary glabrous, glandular close to the style-base. Capsule ^ in. long, clavate. — Jacq. Ic. PI. Rar. i. 12, t. Ill); Lam. 111. t. 550; Tr Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 24; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 127; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 412 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 388 ; Lindau in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 310, fig. 124, E, F, in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. t. 1, fig. 24, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C, 368, and in Ann. Istit. bot. Roma vi. [1896] 70. R. prostrata. Lam. Encycl. vi. 349 from descript. ; Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 282. R. moMttina, Hochst. et Steud. ex Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 94. Dipteracanthits patulus^ Nees in Wall. PI. Asiat. Rar. iii. 82 & in DC. Prod. xi. 126; Wight Ic. PI Ind. Or. t. 1505; Oersted in Vidensk. Meddel. Kjob. 1854, 180, t. 4, figs. 19-21 ; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Fl. ^thiop. 109, 243. D. matutinus, Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 94. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Brass! larile Iiand. Nubia : near Suakin, Schweinf urth, 125 ! 300 ! 397 ! Nubian Coast, Bent! Schweivfurth, 367 I Eritrea : Massowa, Hildehrandt, 12b \ near Saati. Schweinfurth d: Biva, 284 ! 318 ! Keren, Steudner, 1496 ! Habab, 6000 ft., HiUit- hra-ndt, 452 1 461 ! Kordofan, Kotschy, 119 ! 159b ! Pfund, 317 ! 424 ! Abyssinia : Salt! Ehrenherg! Bohlfs & Stecker! Schimper, 268! Tigre, 6500 ft.. Schimper. 229 ! Somaliland : at Adda Galla, Darror, and Harradigit, James db Thnipp! Dobar Weni, and Gooban Plain, Miss E.Cole & Mrs. Lort Phillips ! Ahl Mountains, 32^0 ft., Bildehrandt, 1403 ! British East Africa : Madi, Speke d- Grant ! Tana River, Thomas, 90 ! Ukamba, Hildebrandt, 2927 ! I.ower Guinea. Angola: Lnanda, Welwitsch, 5069! 5121! 5127! 5139 1 5186 ! Elephant Bay, Curror, 21 ! Mozamb. I>ist. Zanzibar, Kirk ! Hildehrandt, 984 ! 1833 ! German East Africa : Tanga, 5o/.sf, 2075 ! British Central Africa : Matabeleland, ^///o/« .' Nganii- land ; Kwebe, Lucjard, 45 ! 49 ! 68 ! 2. R. praetermissa, lAndau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 15. Leaves up to 3 by If in., ovate, tip narrow-triangular subacute, thinly inspersed by cystoliths and a few hairs on both faces ; otherwise as A', patula. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 310. 46 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). [Ruellia. wile Xiand. Jur : Gir, Schioeinfurth, 2155 ! Niamniam, Schweinjurth, 3754 ! This species appears very close to H. patula ; the more pointed leaves and the absence of grey pubescence give it a different aspect. 3. R. siidanica, Lindau in Engl, dh Prantl, PJlanzenf. iv. 8B. 310. Petiole 0-J in. long. Bracteoles ligulate, hardly spathulate-elliptic ; otherwise as R. paiula. — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 3G8. R. ibbensis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 15, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 310. R. patula^ var. suhvillosa^ S. Moore, MS. Diptera- canthus sicdanictis, Schweinf. in Verh. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, xviii. 679, partly. true Xiand. Abyssinia (ex Lindau). British East Africa : Ukaraba ; Kitui, Hildtbrandt, 2727 ! Mozamb. Slat. Kilimanjaro : River Sigi, Volkens, 63 ! Usambara : Amboni, Hoist, 2921 ! 4. R. leucoderma, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xxiv. 318. Branches white, with many patent simple and gland-tipped hairs. Leaves up to IJ by J in., oblong, subobtuse, hispid, sessile. Braeteoles \ in. long, linear- oblong. Sepals \ in. long, nearly free, linear, green, hairy. Corolla J in. long. Ovary glabrous, except at tip. irile Iiand. Somaliland : Abdalla, Keller, 217 I 5. R. placoidea. Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 414. Very small herb. Leaves subsessile, ovate, J— | in. long, with round scales bearing tufts of bristles on both faces. Calyx scarcely J in. long, divided half- way down into 5 subequal teeth. Corolla f in. long. xrile ]Land. Somaliland : Darro Mountains, Donaldson Smith ! 6. R. prostrata, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 24. Leaves up to 3 by 1\ in., elliptic-lanceolate, tip narrow-triangular often subacute. Calyx- teeth J-| in. long, setaceous. Pollen larger than in R. patula^ much more deeply honeycombed. Ovary hairy down to the base. Capsule f in. long, pubescent all over (till very ripe), other- wise as i?. patula. — C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 411; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 310, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 368. R. bignoniceflora, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 198, partly. Dipteracanthus prostratus, l^ees in Wall. PI. As. Bar. iii. 81, and in DC. Prod. xi. 124. »rile Iiand, Abyssinia. Steudner, 1506! Somaliland: Goetton, Miss E. CoU! British East Africa : Taita, Hildebrandt, 2426 ! liO-wer Guinea. Angola: Amhriz, 3Ionteiro Loanda, Welioitsch, 506Z "pArtly \ IVIozaxnb. Slst> Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; between Sena and Lupata, Kirk I at the foot of Morambala Mountain, Kirk! Lower Shire Valley, Kirk! British Central Africa : Tanganyika Plateau, Carson! Nyasaland: Zomba, Whyte cfj McClounie ! Mount Sochi, Scott-Elliot, 8548 ! Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 133 ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 320 ! The plant is here called R. prostrata, T. Anders., as it is certainly his plant ; B. prostrata, Lam., is described with small calyx, and was therefore probably It. paiula, as Beddome takes it. ItvsUia.] xcviii. ACANTHACE.E (clarke). 47 7. R. genduana, C. B. Clarke. More glabrous and more obtuse- leaved than R. prostrata. Middle stem-leaves orbicular. Ovary hairy except the stalk ; 3-5 ovules in each cell. Capsule hairy, entirely as of R. prostrata. — R, sudanica, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 15, partly. Dipleracanthus gendvxinus, Schweinf. in Verb. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien. xviii. 680. wrile Xiand. Gallabat : banks of the River Gendua, Schweinf artK 131 ! 132 ! This species, from its hairy ovary, cannot be united with R. stulanica, unless R. prostrata be united with R. patiila. It might, however, be esteemed a vai-. only of R. prostrata. 8. R. lineari-bracteolata, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [1896], 70. Small shrub; branches woody, very slender, white. Leaves 2| by I in., linear, with scattered longish white hairs. Flowers solitary ; bracteoles 2, § by yV in. Calyx i in. long, divided J way down ; teeth linear, sparsely white-hairy. Corolla 1 in. long. Stamens and pollen of the genus. Ovary with deflexed white hairs to the base ; ovules 4 in each cell. Capsule (fide Lindau) § in. long, shortly stalked, white-hairy, perfecting 4 seeds only. wile Iiand. Somaliland : Harradigit and Darror, Jamen S'. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1894, 134. Branches woody, with scattered simple spreading hairs ^ in, long. Leaves up to 2 by \\ in., ovate, subobtuse, sparsely hairy, base truncate; petiole \ in. long. Flowers axillary, solitary, nearly sessile ; bracteoles 2, | in. long and broad, ovate, base truncate. Calyx f in. long, divided nearly to the base ; segments nearly equal, linear-ligulate, obtuse, hairy, one a little larger. Corolla 5^, in. long, linear portion of tube 3J in. long. Stamens 4, similar ; anthers \ in. long, not tailed ; pollen strongly reticulate. Capsule (not ripe) \ in. long, obovoid, glabrous, 10-seeded. — Lindau in Engl. Pll. Ost-Afr. C, eS68. wile Iiand. British East Africa : Ukamba, 5000-GOOO ft., Scott-ElUot, 6747 ! Taita Mountains, Gregory ! 12. R. bignoniseflora, *S', Moore in Jomm. Bot. 1880, 198, partly. Hairy, innovations' pubescent somewhat viscous. Leaves 2 in. long, ovate, subobtuse. Flowers axillary, solitary; pedicels 1 in. long; brac- teoles I in. long, ovate, truncate-based, sometimes petioled. Calyx J in. long and more, divided nearly to the base ; segments 5, subequal, linear- ligulate, obtuse, 2 anterior united ^ in. up, 3 others nearly free. Corolla- tube 4 in. long, linear-cylindric portion of tube 2 J in. long. Pollen globose, honeycombed. Capsule more than f in. long, contracted at the base, glabrous, perfecting ('» seeds. — Dischistocalyx bignoniijiorits, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 307. Iiower Guinea. Angola : Preira de Zeraba, Wehoitsch, 5202 ! Quisendo, Wel- witsck, 5126 ! Loanda, 0-1000 ft., WelwitscJi, 5063 ! 5130 ! This is hardly distinguishable from H. megacJdamys. The description (except as to the flowers being sometimes sessile) is taken from S. Moore's type specimen. Lindau, I.e. 306, attributes to Dischistocalyx echinate pollen, but Welwitsch 5202 has the honeycombed pollen typical of Bueliia ; the wrong plant must have been sent fiindau. 13. R. Currori, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 24. Branch stout, divided, densely tomentose with very short grey-white hairs. Leaves petioled, ovate, entire, shortly softly hairy. Pedicels | in. long. Calyx h in. long, divided to the base into 5 subequal linear-ligulate segments, with many short soft hairs. Corolla 2 in. long (blue, fide T. Anderson) ; linear-cylindric portion of the tube -J in. long, upper inflated portion very large. Stamens, anthers and pollen of the genus. —Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, "Pflanzenf . iv. 3B. 310. IiO'v^er Guinea. Angola : Elephant Bay, Curror, 17 ! The material is so scanty, and in such poor condition, that I can add little to Anderson's description except that the stamens and pollen aio as of Bueliia. The leaves present are only ^ in. long, but they are on small lateral shoots ; the plant pro- bably bears very much larger leaves. The pedicels were probably 2-bracteoled at top, as throughout this group. Corolla as of E. patula, but much larger. 14. R. diversifolia, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 198. Branches- shrubby, with many soft spreading long white hairs. Leaves Ih by 1 in., ovate, subentire, base truncate, tip hardly acute, both faces softly hairy. Cymes close, few-flowered, on axillary peduncle-like branches \ in. long, Buellia.] xcviii. acanthace/e (clarke). 4D softly hairy; bract J in. long, ovate; bracteoles ^^ in. long, spathulate- oblong. Calyx f-J in. long, 5-parted nearly to the base, 2-lipped ; 2 segments of anticous lip narrow oblong obtuse, middle segment of posticous lip twice as broad, elliptic, two innermost segments linear, all segments nearly equal in length. Corolla exceeding 1 in. long ; linear- cylindric portion of the tube nearly -J in. long; lobes 5, subequal, short, contorted in bud. Stamens, anthers, ovary, style, as of the genus ; pollen globose, deeply honeycombed. Ovary glabrous except the tip. Capsule i- in. long, oblong-cylindric, about 12-seeded; seeds at nearly subequal distances, from the base of the capsule, small, discoid, glabrous on the faces, very shaggy on the margins with hairs that spring out elastically on being wetted. Jto-wer Guinea. Angola : Mossamedes, Wehvitsck, 5033 ! 5042 ! A remarkable species, differing in habit and character from any other Old World RuelUa. Lindau (in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 301) doubts as to the genus under which it should be placed. 15. R. Marlothii, Engl, in Engl. Jahrh. x. 257 and xix. 151. Branches shrubby, 4-angular, pubescent upwards. Leaves 1 by | in., ovate, undulate, subobtuse, both faces stel lately softly white hairy, petiole xV~6 ^^' ^^^§- Inflorescence few-flowered, axillary, with stellate hairs nearly concealed by numerous long simple few-jointed white hairs ; bract ovate, small. Calyx ^ in. long, 5-parted nearly to the base, 2-lipped ; segments linear, slightly widened at the obtuse tip, middle segment of posticous lip twice as wide, a little longer than the other segments. Corolla 1 in. long, orange (fide Engler) ; tube inflated from near the base, curved; lobes 5, elliptic, subequal. Pistil and stamens of the genus; pollen globose, honeycombed. Capsule J by -^^ in. parallel-sided, glabrous ; 16 -seeded from the base. — Lindau in Engl. tS: Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 310. Iiower Guinea. German South- West Africa: Hereroland ; Usakos, 3000 ft.. Marloth, 1434! Dammaraland ; Swakop, Guei'ich, 104! 9. ENDOSIPHON, Benth. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1085. Corolla-tube long, linear-cylindric ; upper inflated part linear- cylindric, hardly J in. in diam. ; anthers included deep in the corolla - tube. — Leaves in often-unequal pairs, oblique and unequal at the base ; margin entire. Otherwise as Ruellia : inflorescence as in R. amahilis, S. Moore, and its allies. Species 2, endemic in West Tropical Africa. Calyx-segments |-1 in. long ; corolla-tube 1-1^ in. long . 1. E. primulouhs. Calyx segments 1-1^ in. long ; corolla- tube 2 in. long . 2. E. obUqmis. 1. E. primuloides, Benth. in Benth. Po, 1000 ft., Mann, 571 ! 2. E. obliquus, C. B. Clarke. Leaves up to 5 by 2 in., rather harsh, cy^t()litlKs very large; petals very short, base of leaf very unequal, lower side rounded or subcordate; one leaf of every pair (seen) greatly reduced, ^-J in. long. Pedicels \\ in. long, bracteoles longer than in B. primiUoides and farther from calyx. Calyx-segments up to 1 J in. long. Corolla puiple (Bates) ; tube 2 in. long ; otherwise as E. primu- loides. I^ower Guinea. Gaboon Munda ; Sibange Farm, Biittner, 357 ! ^yaux, 395 1 Como River, Bales, 457 1 Furtlier material may show this to be a form of E. primvloides. 10. MELLERA, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1879, 225. Calyx divided nearly to base ; segments 5, subequal, linear-oblong. Corolla 1 in. long, divided half-way down, 2-lipped ; segments contorted in bud, the middle one of anticous lip much broader, ovate-oblong. Stamens 4, subsimilar; anthers 2, all spurred at the base or (in M. suhmutica) spur nearly or quite wanting; pollen subglobose, longi- tudinally many-ribbed. Style with one oblong-linear stigmatic arm, the other suppressed; ovary with 4-G ovules in each cell. Capsule subcylindric, seed-bearing nearly from the base ; seeds more than 4 per- fected, glabrous on the faces, with many long white hygroscopic hairs on the edges. — Small shrubs. Leaves toothed. Flowers few in the upper axils, running into an apparently bracteated terminal spike. Bracteoles 2, linear-oblong, as long as the calyx. Species 3, confined to Tropical Africa. These plants were placed by Bentham next Paulowilhelmia and Mimulopsis, from which they differ by the 2-lipped corolla with the tube inflated nearly from the base. Because of the 2-Hpped corolla, S. Moore and Lindau place the genus near Hygrophila, froui which it is remote in habit. Anther-cells all spurred at the base. Inflorescence dense . . . . . . . \. M. iohulata. Lateral cymes of the panicle loose 2. J/, mjassana. Anther-cells nearly muticous at the base . . . . 3. J/, i^ubmutica. 1. M.lobulata, S. Mowe in Journ. Bot. 1879, 225, t. 203. Hairy. Leaves 2-3 J by 1-2 in., lower up to 8 J by 4 in., ovate-lanceolate j¥elle7'a.\ xcviii. acanthacEvE (clarke). 51 acuminate, much toothed, sparingly hairy; petioles J-l.V in. long. Inflorescence apparently terminal, up to 4 by li in., very hairy, floral leaves passing upwards into bracts | in. long, ovate, nearly sessile. Calyx (in fruit) up to J in. long, cystoliths obscure or 0. Corolla hairy, middle lobe of anticous lip ^ by ]- in., transversely marked and with many strong 1-celled down-pointing yellow hairs. Ovary glabrous, with 4 ovules in each cell. — Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 63, t. 1, fig. 12, in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 297, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367. wile Iiand. East side of Lake Albert Edward Nyanza, Scott-EUiot, 8067 ! Mozaxnb. Dlst. German East Africa : Ueamhara, Umba Valley, Smith, Portuguese East Africa: Mozambique (ex Lindau); Morambaia Mountain, Waller! British Central Africa : N.yasaland ; Shire' Highlands, Buchanan, 79 ! Mansania Hills, at Magoniero, Meller ! Shibisa (Chikwawa) to Tshinmuze, 2000-4000 ft., Kirk, and without precise locality, Buchanan, 796 ! 2. M. nyassana, S. Moore in Joum. Bot. 1894, 133. Viscid, with many gland-tipped hairs. Leaves 3 by 1| in., elliptic, crenate. Inflorescence 6 by 3 in., lax, of lateral compound cymes ; flowers mostly \ in. apart; bracteoles 1-1 J in. long, linear-spathulate. Sepals J-1 in. long, linear-spathulate. Corolla IJ in. long, mouth of tube nearly I in. in diam. Anther-cells long-spurred. Capsule f in. long, narrow- oblong, often 12-seeded. — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367. IMEozamb. Bist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Fort Hill, 3000-6000 ft., Whyte ! Lake Nyasa ; Lukoma (Likoma Island ?), Bellingham ! 3. M. submutica, C.B. Clarke. Branches hairy or woolly, finally glabrate. Leaves 3J by 2 in., ovate, toothed, hairy, base often cordate ; petiole 1-2J in. long. Cymes axillary, short, dense, crowded, often running into a quasi-terminal panicle, 6 by 1 J in. ; bract J in. long, obovate ; bracteoles nearly \ in. long, linear-spathulate. Calyx ^ in. long, divided to the base, hairy ; lobes subequal, linear, spathulate at the tip. Corolla 1 in. long, blue {Buchanan) ; tube gradually dilated upwards ; mouth very oblique, 2-lipped ; 2 posticous segments longer, middle anticous segment short, broad, with a few yellow deflexed hairs. Filaments hairy ; anthers hardly apiculate at the base (rarely a minute spur is seen) ; pollen globose, many-ribbed. Ovary glandular- hairy towards the top ; 5-6 ovules in each cell ; style with one linear branch, the other suppressed. — Pseudobarleria Zindaui, Dew^vre in Comptes-rendus Soc. bot. Belg. xxxiii. 104. nXozamb. Blst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Blantyre, Buchanan, 103! Deu-tvre, Mount Chiradzulu, 4000 ft., Whyte I Nyika Plateau 4000-7000 ft.. Whyte! Tanganyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ft., Whyte! Manganja Hills, Meller! Imperfectly known Species. 4. M. parvifolia, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 314. Stem nearly glabrous, hairy at the tip and nodes. Leaves 1 by \ in., ovate, narrowed at the base, glabrous, petioled. Flowers in the upper axils capitate ; bracteoles lanceolate, shorter than the calyx. Calyx J in. long : 52 xcviTi. ACANTHACE/E (clarke). [Metier a. segments united half their length. Corolla-tube J in. long; lower lip I in. long, with :) lobfib. Anther -cells spurred at the base. Style hairy. Mozaxnb. Dist. Nyasaland ; Lufua, Descamps. Lindau says capsule unknown, and does not mention the ovules, but says he has no doubt about the genus of this plant. The corolla appears small for Mellera. 11. PAULOWILHELMIA, Hochst. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1070. Calyx deeply divided into 5 subequal linear segments. Corolla 1-8 in. long ; tube linear, or (in sect. Eeteradelphia) inflated in the upper part ; lobes 5, contorted in the bud, subequal, all to one side in the typical species. ' Stiimens 4, subsimilar ; anther-cells 2, not spurred ; pollen long ellipsoid, ribbed lengthwise. Style with one linear-oblong branch, the other very short or 0 ; ovary with 8 or more ovules, glabrous. Capsule cylindric, usually perfecting 6-16 seeds. Seeds nearly glabrous on the faces ; margin with very many hygroscopic hairs. — Shrubs. Leaves long-petioled, ovate, irregularly (often coarsely) toothed. Flowers in scorpioid axillary lax cymes, running into a quasi- terminal panicle ; bract ovate, deciduous ; bracteoles small or 0. Species 5, endemic in Tropical Africa. * Typic^:. Corolla-tube linear almost to the small mouth ; lobes 5, subreflexed, all on one side. (The 4 species here recorded have been estimated but one by a com- petent botanist.) Capsule seed-bearing from the base, usually perfecting more than 4 seeds. Calyx segments united ^ the way up. Calyx \ in. long ; capsule h-^ in. long Calyx more than f in. long ; capsule | in. long . Capsule usually perfecting 4 seeds, contracted at the base Calyx divided nearly to the base, glandular Calyx-segments united l^ the way up . 1. /". pob/spei-ma. 2. P. togoeyisis. 3. P. Sclerochiton. 4. P. speciosu. ** Heterauelphia, Corolla-tube gradually widened upwai-ds into an oblique mouth. Nerves of leaves prominent : corolla-tube 2 in. long . . . . 5. P. vohilis. 1. P. polysperma, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 479. Stems glabrate. Leaves 2-5 in. long, ovate, truncate or subcordate at the base, irregu- larly toothed or lobed, sparsely pubescent or nearly glabrate ; petioles 1-2J in. long. Cymes 1-2J in. long, lax, divided, subscorpioid ; bract and bracteoles deciduous. Calyx-segments \ in. long, united more than J their length, sparsely hispid without, hairy within, cystoliths pro- minent. Corolla purple {Cummins) \ tube 1^ in. long, ' linear, hardly dilated even at the top ; lobes \ in. long, elliptic, all on one side, mauve. Capsule \-\ in. long, usually perfecting 8 (or more) seeds from the base. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 301. F. glabra., Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 115. ]'(Lid(ninlhelmia.] xrviii. acanthacEtE (clarke). 53 Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : near the top of Sugarloaf iMountair), •'^cott- Elliot, 4024! on hills, Powell! and without precise locality. Don! Wimcood liedde ! Gold Coast, Edsmoii ! Ashanti : Assin-Yan-CJoomassie, fhimmins, 181! Volta liasin ; between Banie and Kpeve, Krause! Camerooiis : Yaunde, 2500 ft., Zenker d- tStaudt, 542 ! The plant from Sugarloaf Mountain has irregular acute lobes ^-g in. deep towards the base of the leaves ; the Cameroon plant has crenate harJlj acutely toothed leaves ; there is no difference in hairiness. — Dr. Easmon notes " Odotir celerv-like, used to poison fish." 2. P. togoensis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 105. Stems stoat, viscid-hairy upwards. Calyx exceeding J in. long. Capsule 4 in. long, usually perfecting 12-16 seeds; otherwise as P. polyspevina. — Lindau in Engl. i\: Pranti, Pfianzenf. iv. 3B. oOO. P. speciosa, N. E. Brown in Card. Chron. 1889, vi. 719, fig. lOG, exclud. syn., scarcely of Hochst. Upper Guinea. Togoland : Bismarckburg, i^Zt/?//, 192 ' Segge Stream, 7300 ft., Bathter, 342 ! Lagos, Jlillen, 4 ! Yovuba : Ikerini, M'dUun ! Niger Territory : Cro-ss River, JoJinsion! The wild specimen collected by H. H. Johnston looks separable from P. pohjspermn : but the plant -rown at Kew (from seeds taken off H. H. Johnston's specimen) is much more glabrous, and hardly differs from P. polijsperma, but by the rather longer capsule. o. P. speciosa, Hochst. in Flora 184t, PjpAU. 5. Stem quadran- gular, erect, hairy upwards. Leaves long-petioled ; blade 5-() in. long, ovate, unequally coarsely toothed, nearly glabrous or somewhat hairy >)8neath. Inflorescence spicate, leafy, with false whorls of many flowers ; flowers sub-sessile on short dichotomous axillary peduncles ; bracteoles 2, very small, deciduous ; pedicels glandular-pubescent. Sepals (in fruit), J in. long, linear-oblong, united for J their length, glandular-pubescent without, white hairy within. Corolla-tube exceeding 1 in. long, linear. Capsule J by 3^ in., glabrous, 4-G-seeded at the top and with sterile ovules below ; seeds ^V in. in diam., discoid, thin, nearly glabrous on the faces, with hygroscopic hairs on the margin. — Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 208 ; Lindau in Engl, cfe Prantl, Pfianzenf. iv. 3B. :)(H), fig. 110, H. Wile Iiand. Abyssinia, /Schimper ! 4. P. Sclerocbiton, Lhidau in Engl Jahrh. xvii. 105. Calyx scarcely h in. long, divided nearly to the base. Corolla-tube 1 in. long. Capsule less than 1 in. long, perfecting 4 seeds in the upper part ; otherwise as P. -polysperma — Lindau in Engl, ct Prantl, Pfianzenf. iv. 3B. 300. Ruellia Sclerochiton, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 7. Eremoniastax crossandrijlora, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 8, in Engl. & Prantl, Pfianzenf. iv. 3B. 297, and in Engl. Pfi. Ost-Afr. C. 307, t. 42. Upper Guinea. Cameroon Mountains, Mann, 1259 partly ! South Central. Congo Free State : Nianiniam ; by the Riv'er Assika, Schrccin- furth, 3257 I Mozamb. I>ist. German East Africa : Karagwe : Bukoba, ^'l8t> British Central Africa: Njasaland; Mount Mlanje, Whyte, 89! This dried example differs little from those of M. violacea, hut by the mure lobed strongly cordate leaves. As it conies from a different region and the flowers may possibly prove yellow, it is not now united with 31. violacea. (). M, kilixna'ndscharica, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 10. Stem 3 ft. high {Lindau), scarcely quadrangular. Leaves up to IJ in. long, margin crenate. Inflorescence 7 by 1| in., of short dense cymes 1-2 in. apart. Calyx nearly J in. long, lobes linear-ligulate, subobtuse, closely covered without by many-celled (some gland-tipped) white hairs, within thinly pubescent. Corolla f in. long, white {H. H. Johnston). Ovary glandular, scarcely at all hairy. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 301, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367. Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, 7000-8500 ft.. Volkens, 9G3 : 1337 ! Johnston, 12 ! 7. M. runssorica, TAndau in Engl. Jahrh. -kx. 10. Hairy. Upper leaves 3-5 in. long, broadly-ovate, acuminate, coarsely toothed, base short-cordate; petioles IJ in. long. Inflorescence up to 5 by H in., gland-hairy, bracts inconspicuous; upper part a nearly simple raceme with solitary opposite flowers, lower part with short 1-4-flowered spikes in each axil. Ovary densely shaggy with erect several-celled hairs. Capsule densely hairy ; otherwise as M. kilimandscharica . — Lindau in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 301, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367. irile I/a7. D. hirsutu-H. Leaves 4^ in. broad ; corolla 1^ in. long . . . 4. D. grandifoUus. Corolla about 1 in. long, rather slender. Leaves up to 4-7 in. long. Leaves 7 in. long ; spike strobilat.e . . . . 5. /).. strohilinus. Leaves 4 in. long ; head small, ovoid . . .6. D. capitellatun. l^eaves up to 1^ in. long; head of 2-i flowers . . 1. D. brevij'olius. Calyx divided | the way to the base. Spike elongate loose. (Capsule and seeds medium-sized 8. JJ. thunbergit- fiorufi. J)istichocalyx.\ xcviii. acanthace.k (clarke). CI 1 . D. angustifolius, C. B. Clarke. Nearly glabrous. Leaves up to 5| by 1 in., tapering at both ends, main nerves J in. apart ; petiole ^-1 in. long. Flowers r>-l(>, in a close head; bract J in. long, elliptic, oblong. Calyx J in. long, nearly glabrous ; teeth of ::* posticous lobes triangular, acute, less than Jj in. long. Corolla 1 J in. long, purple when dry; upper half of tube l-l in. in diam. Iiower Guinea, (niboon ; Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1668 ! Mfoa, Bates, 5.S1 ! In the note to l)istichoc(dyx (in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1081), Benthnm observes that his D. tJmnhergujiorus has the 3 posticous calyx-segments sometimes, not always, connate. Th6 true D. t]ivvher(iiiJioru^ has the 5 calyx-segments free to tlie base, the present plant (mixed formerly with Jj. tlivnbergiijlorus) is the gromid for the above note. But Bentham subsequently noted on G. Mann's, 1668, " I think different from thunhergiiflorus " — he forgot (or it was too late) to correct the remark in Gen. PI. 2. D. polyneurus, C. B. Clarke. Very sparingly hairy. Leaves up to 5 J by 1| in., acute at both ends; main nerves J-^ in. apart, beneath very prominent ; petiole |-| in. long, hirsute. Flowers 5-10 in an ovoid head ; bract J in. long, elliptic. Calyx | in. long or more ; teeth of 3 posticous lobes triangular, acute, J in. long. Corolla 2 in. long, purple when dry ; upper half of tube J- J in. in diam. ]Lo'wer Guinea. Gaboon : Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1667 ! 3. D. hirsutuSy C. B. Clarke. Stem 2 ft. high, shaggy with brown hair. Leaves up to 4| by 2 in., shortly acuminate at both ends, shaggy with brown hairs obscuring cystoliths on both surfaces ; main nerves \ in. apart, not conspicuous beneath. Bracts and calyx shaggy with brown hairs. Corolla light purple (Bates) ; otherwise as D. polyneuros. Iiower Guinea. Spanish Gaboon : Mount John, River Kongui, Mann, 1874 ! Gaboon : Mfoa, Bates, 521 1 The brown shaggy hairs sometimes on the petioles of D. ^iolyneurus suggest the possibility that the present species may be a variety of it. The close, pnrallel, very strong, main nerves of the leaves in Z>. polyneurus are, however, not seen here. 4. D. grandifolius, C. ^. C/ar^e. Nearly glabrous. Leaves up to 7 by 4J in. ; petiole 1 in. long. Spike 3 by 1 in., strobilate ; bracts J by J in., purple (Bates). Calyx f in. long, nearly glabrous ; 3 posticous segments united for | their length. Corolla 1| in. long, blueish purple (dried). Iiower Guinea* Gaboon : Mfoa, Bates, 511 ! 5. D. strobilinuSy C. B. Clarke. Nearly glabrous. Leaves up to 7 by 3J in., shortly acuminate at either end ; petiole 1 in. long. Flowers up to 15 in a continuous spike 1% by J in. ; bracts | in. long, broadly elliptic, covering the calyx; bracteoles \ in. long, oblong. Calyx ^ in. long, or rather more ; teeth of 3 posticous segments triangular, jV-yV "^• long. Corolla 1 in. long, white {Mann, Bates), upper part of tube widening, hardly 1 in. in diam. Capsule \ by y\- in. I.ower Guinea. Gaboon : Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1673 ! Mfoa, Bates, 507 ! (). D. capitellatusy C. B. Clarke. Very sparsely hairy; stem 1 ft. high. Leaves up to 4 by 1 J in., acuminate at both ends, very thin iu 62 xcviii. ACANTHACE.fi (clarke). [Distichocah/x. texture; petiole f in, long. Heads f in. long, ovoid, 2-9-flowered ; bract J in. long, ovate. Calyx h in. long, or rather more ; otherwise as D. strobilinics. — Dischistocalyx sp., Lindau in Engl. Jahrb, xviii. 08, t. 1, fig. 20. Jbower Guinea. Gaboon : Corieco Bay, JJanri, 1863 1 With only one colleciion of each number, it is difficult to guess whether the present is '* specificallj " distinct from J), strob'dinui. T. Anderson and Beniham took it to be 80. 7. D. brevifolius, C. B. Clarke. Nearly glabrous, " herbaceous, 2 feet" {Mann). Leaves H by f in., acuminate at either end, tip obtuse, base produced nearly to the foot of the petiole, somewhat leathery. Heads of 2-4 flowers only. Calyx exceeding h in. long. Corolla light blue {Mann). Flowers, pistil, stamens, pollen, as of the last 2 species. Xiower Guinea. , Gaboon : Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1665 ! This, though very closely allied to the preceding two species, appears distinct from either. 8. D. thunbergiiflorus, Benth. in Benth. d; Hook.f. Gen. PI. ii. 1081 . Glabrous (calyx-tips microscopically pubescent). Stem 4-20 ft. high {Mann). Leaves up to 0 by 2 in., acuminate at either end, cystoliths many prominent ; petiole J-IJ in. long. Spikes terminal, elongating in fruit up to 3 in., 4-10-flowered, lower flowers solitary, opposite, J-'L in. from the succeeding pair ; bract |-1 in. long, elliptic, deciduous ; bracteoles hardly \ in. long, narrow-oblong. Calyx-lobes 5, J in. long, nearly equal, linear-lanceolate ; the 3 posticous sometimes connate even in fruit J their length, sometimes free even in the bud nearly to theii- base. Corolla 2 in. long, upper J of the tube much inflated, J-| in. in diam., curved ; lobes J in., round, violet-purple. Filaments glabrous, with glands near the top ; pollen globose, echinate. Ovary and style f^labrous ; style-branches one obsolete, one broad ovate-oblong. Capsule .3 \yy -|-J^ in., subcylindric, about 10-seeded, seed-bearing from the base ; seeds j\- in. in diam. — Ruellia thunbergice/J.ora, T. Anders, in J our n. Linn. Soc. vii. 24; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 810. upper Guinea. Fernando Po, 1300-2000 ft., Mann, 316 ! 1446 ! 17. ACANTHOPALE, C. B. Clarke. Calyx divided nearly to the base; segments 5, subequal, narrow- oblong or linear. Corolla 1-1 J in. long; tube dilated nearly from the base, funnel-shaped ; lobes 5, short, subequal, contorted in bud. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; anther-cells 2, linear-oblong, parallel, at equal height, glabrous, base rounded ; pollen globose, echinate. Ovary glabrous ; ovules 2 in each cell ; style hairy, one branch linear-oblong, the other minute or 0. Capsule broad-oblong, contracted, solid at the base ; seeds with many hygroscopic hairs. — Shrubs. Leaves entire, more or less crenate, becoming nearly glabrous in age. Inflorescence lax or dense. Acanthopale.] xcvui. acanthace^ (clarke). 03 mostly on short axillary branches ; bract as long as the calyx, oblong or obovate, green ; bracteoles shorter than the calyx, oblong. ^ Species 7 in Tropical Africa, 1 in Madagascar, 1 (at least) in South India. This genus comprises the African Strohilartthes of the Genera Plantarum. The species of ^«ro6iZow«A€5, alone retained in that genus by Lindau, have ribbed pollen. Acayithopale is i)wc/^MfocaZ//x, Lindau (not of Anderson nor JJisticJiocalyx, Benth.), and also comprises Paeudostenosiphonium gardnerianum, Lindau. The genera carved out bfxS'^ro6i7mi^Aes on the pollen-character are articificial ; the few African species of Strobilanthes go, however, well together. Piieudostenosiphonium of Lindau differs by having only 2 stamens. Inflorescence lax ; flowers (other than the subterminal) solitary. Nearly (including bracts and calyx) glabrous. Leaves more than 3 in. long. Racemes lax ; filaments hairy . . . . \. A. laxijiora. Eacemes closer ; filaments glabrous Leaves hardly 1^ in. long. Flowers all axillary, scattered Innovations hispid. Mature leaves nearly glabrate . Mature leaves hairy on both faces Flowers crowded. (Leaves up to 8-9 in. long.) Heads of flowers on short axillary branches, Spikes terminal, dense, nearly glabrous 2. A. decempedalis. 3. A. azaleoides. . 4. A. albosetulosa. . 5. A. pubescens. hispid . 6. .4. confertifhra. . 7. A. Buckhoizii. 1. A. laxiflora, C. B. Clarke. Nearly glabrous. Leaves 8 by f in., tapering caudate at both ends, crenate; petiole up to IJ in. long. Racemes axillary, 2-3 in. long, with few distant flowers; bract J in. long, oblong; bracteoles \ in. long, oblong. Calyx-segments J in. long, oblong; corolla-tube J in. long, funnel-shaped nearly from the base. Filaments very hairy; anthers glabrous, rounded at the base. Style hairy. — Dischistocalyx laxijioims, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 13, in Engl. k Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 307, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 3G8. Upper Guinea. Camer.)ons : Buea, 3900 ft., Preuss, 947 ! IVIozamb. Dist. Gerznan East Africa : Usambara ; in Magamba Forest, Hoist, 3840! 2. A. decempedalis, C. B. Clarke. Shrub 10-12 ft. high {Jfa7in). Leaves 7 by 2 J in., tapering acute at both ends, sparsely hairy, crenate ; petiole up to J in. long. Racemes axillary, IJ in. long, 2-4-flowered ; bract J in. long, spathulate-oblong ; bracteoles and calyx-segments \ in. long, oblong, nearly glabrous. Corolla-tube f in. long, funnel-shaped nearly from the base. Filaments glabrous; anther-cells glabrous, rounded at the base. Style hairy, with one linear-oblong branch ; cells of the ovary 2-ovulate. Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, 7000 ft., Mann, 2347 ! 3747 ! 3. A. azaleoides, C. B. Clarke. A nearly glabrouc, azalea-like bush {H. n. Johnston). Leaves up to IJ- by h in., obscurely crenate, tip obtuse, base tapering ; petiole hardly any. Flowers scattered, axillary, solitary; bract \-l in. long, obovate; bracteoles \ in. long, narrow- oblong. Calyx-segments \ in. long, narrow-oblong, minutely pubescent. Corolla white {H. II. Johnston) ; tube § in. long, funnel-shaped nearly <>4 xcviii. ACANTHACE.^ (clarke). [Acanthopale. from the base. Filaments glabrous ; anther-cells glabrous, rounded at the base. Style hairy, with one linear-oblong branch ; cells of the ovary 2-ovulate. — Strobilanthes sp. nova, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. P>45. XWCozamb. Bist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 6000-7000 ft., Johnston, 12! •i. A. albosetulosa, C. B. Clarke. Innovations and bracts with white bristly hairs. Leaves up to »U by 1 in. (only upper seen) long, tapering at the base, nearly glabrate ; cystoliths small, prominent on both surfaces; petiole 1-14 in. long. Flowers axillary, solitary, those near the end of branchlets approximate; bract ^ by \ in., spathulate- obovate ; bracteoles | in. long, linear-oblong, slightly widened at the top. Sepals o, 1| in. long, subequal, linear-lanceolate, minutely scabrous. Corolla \\ in. long ; tube funnel-shaped nearly from the base. Filaments glabrous ; anther-cejls glabrous, rounded at the base, slightly glandular on the back. Style hairy, with one linear-oblong branch; ovary glabrous; ovules 2 in each cell. Mozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Njasaland ; Masuku Plateau, 6500- 7000 ft., Whyte! 5. A. pubescenSy C. B. Clarke. Branches, leaves on both surfaces, and inflorescence hairy. Leaves 3 by 1 in., entire acuminate, decurrent at the base; petiole |-J in. long. Flowers 1-3 on small axillary branches, with reduced floral leaves (or bracts) J-1 in. long, spathulate. Calyx I in. long, divided to the base ; sepals equal, very narrowly oblong, hairy. Corolla-tube 1 in. long, widely funnel-shaped from the base ; mouth subequally 5-lobed. Stamens 4 ; anthers similar, 2-celled ; cells parallel, oblong, muticous ; pollen strongly echinate ; filaments slightly hairy. Style hairy ; stigma of one branch. — Dischistocalyx puhescens, Lindau ex Engl, in Gotzen, Durch Africa, Sonderabdr. 9. South Central. Congo Free State : in forest on Kirunga Volcano, north of Lake Kivn, 8000 ft., Gotzen, 58 I Strohilanthes madagascariensU, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 220, is verv close to (if not identical with) this. 6. A.confertiflora, C. B. Clarke. Thinly hairy. Leaves up to 1) by 4 in., suddenly narrowed at both ends, acuminate, obscurely crenulate ; petiole 1 in. long. Heads of flowers 1-1 1^ in. in diam., subglobose, axillary and on short axillary branches; bract J in. long, obovate; bracteoles J in. long, oblong. Calyx J in. long; segments linear- lanceolate, hairy. Corolla-tube | in. long, funnel-shaped nearly from the base. Filaments glabrous; anther-cells glabrous, rounded at the base. Style hairy. — Dischistocalyx confertijlorus, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. XX. 13, in Engl, t Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 307, and in Engl. Pf . Ost-Afr. C. 308. wile Ziand. British East Africa : Upper Ituri River, 3400 ft., Stuhlmann, 2687 ! Mozamb. Blst* Njasaland, Buchanan, 22 ! 7. A. Buchholziiy C. B. Clarke. Shrub. Leaves up to 8 by 2J in., acute at either end, crenulate, nearly glabrous; petiole -^IJ in. long. Acanthopale.] xrviii. acanthace^ (clarke). 65 ►Spikes terminal, 2 i by 1 in., dense, fi-l 0 -flowered, nearly glabrous; bracts |-f in. long, elliptic. Sepals 5, equal, J-J in. long, linear-oblong, minutely sparsely setose. Corolla 1 in. long or more. Stamens 4, sub- similar ; anther-cells 2, parallel, long, rounded at the base ; pollen strongly echinate. Ovary glabrous. — Dischislocalyx Buchholzii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 14, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. iv. 3B. 307. lower Guinea. Gaboon : Buchholz ! 18. WHITPIELDIA, Hook.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1085. Calyx divided nearly to the base» longer than the bracteoles, petaloid in texture, softly hairy ; segments 5, subequal, narrow-oblong. Corolla large ; tube linear and very long, or shorter and dilated nearly from the base; lobes 5, subequal, contorted in bud, subequal. Stamens 4,subsimilar; anthers linear-oblong, muticous; pollen globose, nearly smooth (with minute tubercles) ; stopples 2. Ovary glabrous, 2 ovules in each cell ; style articulated close above the ovary and more or less widened at the base, or continuous at base and ovary-top tapering into it ; stigma capi- tate, obscurely 2-lobed. Capsule stalked, 2- or 4-seeded, glabrous ; seeds discoid, without hairs, nearly smooth. — Shrubs, 2-20 ft. high, nearly glabrous except the inflorescence. Leaves elliptic, acuminate at both ends, petioled, margins entire. Inflorescence terminal, simple or branched, racemose or spicate or more or lesspanicled ; flowers pedicelled (usually j-J in.) above the bract ; bract large or small, ovate or linear, often caducous ; bracteoles large, ovate, membranous or subcoroUoid. Species 9, endemic. The articulation at the base of the style is a remarkable character in the AcanthacecB, and Bullion hastened to found his genus Stylarth/ropus thereon, without examining the two old species of Whitfieldia, which also have this articulation. Lindau, following, leaves the two old Whitjieldias in that genus, and creates two new species of Stylarthropus which do not possess the articulation. Linear part of corolla-tube 1-2 in. long. Bracteoles glabrous. Bract green persistent; corolla glandular . . 1. W. elongata. Bract caducous ; corolla finely hairy . . . 2. W. perglahra. Bracteoles viscid-hairy. Leaves closely dotted on the upper surface 3. W. longifolia. Leaves not or very obscurely dotted. Bract caducous ; panicle open . . . 4. W. subviridis. Bract large, green ; flowers spicate . . 5. W. tanganyikensit. Linear part of corolla-tube •§— 5 in. long-. Bracts ^-\ in. long, linear. Bracteoles pubescent 6. Tf. lateritia. Bracteoles scarcely puberulons . . 1. W. Preti.isii. Bracteoles glabrous 8. 7F. Brazzei. Bracts |-| in, long, lanceolate ; innovations stellate- hairy ........ 9' W". Stvhlmanni, 66 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). [WJtitfieldia. 1 . W. elongata, C. B. Clarke. Nearly glabrous except the calyx. Upper leaves up to 8 by 3 in., closely dotted on the upper face ; petiole 1 in. long. Racemes 1-3, simple, 2-5 in. long; bracts J in. long, elliptic-acuminate, green, subpersistent ; pedicel 0— J in. long. Linear part of corolla-tube 1 in. long; lobes glandular, without fine white hairs, greenish-white (Vogel), figured light-blue by Beauvois. Stamens glabrous, connective glandular. Style glabrous, articulated on the ovary. — W. longifoUa^ T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 27 in small part. Ruellia elongata, Beauv. Fl. Owar. i. 45, t. 26. JDipteraca^ithus elongatusj Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 140 ; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 478. Upper Guinea. Oware, Beauvois I Fernando Po, Vo(jeJ, 187, 242! 2. W, perglabra, C. B. Clarke. Nearly glabrous except the calyx. Upper leaves (> by IJ in., closely dotted on the upper surface; petiole J in. long. Kaceme 2\ in. in diam., lower branches divided ; bracteoles up to J in. long, elliptic-lanceolate acute. Corolla-tube and lobes without glands, nearly glabrous. — Stylarthropus tenuijlora, Baill. ? in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, ii. [1800], 823; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 306. Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Mann ! This has been named W. longifolia, by T. Anderson, and also numbered as 198, which is W. suhmridis, but not by G. Mann. Stylarthropus tenuiflora, Eaill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, ii. [1890], 823, which is very imperfectly described, may be this plant. 3. W. longifolia, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 27, partly. Shrub 8 ft. high {Barter). Upper leaves up to 6-8 by 2-3 in., closely dotted on the upper face ; petiole 0-J in. long. Racemes 1-3, simple, pubescent ; bracts small, caducous. Calyx f-1 in. long. Corolla white ; linear part of the tube 1-1| in. long ; lobes soft with fine white hairs, no glands. Style articulated on the ovary. Capsule \\ in. long, 4-seeded, glabrous ; stalk half the length of the capsule ; seeds \ in. in diam. smooth, glabrous. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanze&f. iv. 3B. 306. W. Icmgifiwa, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 229 ; Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367 partly. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Yaunde, Zenker, 69 ! and without precise locality, Zenker, 759b ! Fernando Po, Barter, 2069 ! ZiOwer Guinea. Angola, Welwitsch, 5086 ! 5152 ! 5153 ! 5193 ! ilfecAow, 156 ! Nile Iiand. British East Africa: Sesse Islands, in Lake Victoria Nyanza, Stuhlmann, 1213 ! Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Karagwe ; Bukoba, Stuhlmann, 1021 ! Usambara ; Lutindi, Eolst, 3297 ! Gouja, Hoist, 4266 ! 4. "W. subviridis, C. B. Cla/rke. Shrub, up to 20 ft. high {Mann). Leaves up to 10 by 4 J in., usually smaller, not or remotely and obscurely dotted on the upper face; petiole J-lJ in. long. Inflorescence loosely or densely paniculate, pubescent; bracts small, caducous; bracteoles J-f in. long, elliptic, acute. Calyx 1-1^ in. long. Linear part of corolla-tube lJ-2 in. long; lobes with some fine white hairs. Style Whitfieldia.] xcviii. acanthace^ (clarke). 67 articulated on the ovary; otherwise as W. longifolia. — W. longifolia^ T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 27 partly. W. longijiora, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 229 partly. Upper Guinea. Lagos, Millen, 141 ! 181 ! 195 ! Old Calabar, Robb ! Cameroons : Yaunde, Zenker, 547 ! Fernando Po, Mann, 198 ! Ijower Guinea. Lower Congo : Lisha, 3000 ft.. Hens, 343 ! Angola : Golungo Alto; Rio de Capopa, Welwitsch, 5151 ! M"lle l^and. British East Africa : Mombasa, Wakefield ! 5. W. tanganyikensiSy C. B. Clarke. Upper leaves 5 by 2 in. ; petiole up to | in. long. Inflorescence of 3-1 spikes, each 4-5 in. long, viscid-pubescent; bracts large, some 1 in. long resembling leaves, persistent; bracteoles up to j in. long, acute, greenish, pubescent. Flowers as of W. suhviridis. wile Xtand. British East Africa : Buddu, Scott-Elliot, 7528 ! Mozamb. Bist. Tanganyika Plateau, Carson, 22 ! 6. W. lateritia. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4155. Shrub 1-10 ft. high. Upper leaves up to 7 by 2 in. ; petiole J-| in. long. Raceme terminal, simple, 2-4 in. long, pubescent ; bracts J-J in. long, linear, deciduous ; lower pedicels \-\ in. long, pubescent. Corolla red ; tube 1 in. long, inflated, narrow-campanulate from near the base. Stamens glabrous. Style glabrous, articulated on the ovary. — Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 221 ; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 480 ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 27 ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 306, fig. 110, A. ITpper Guinea. Sierra Leone : Lumbaraya, Scott-lSlliot, 4933 ! and without precise locality, Scott-Elliot, 3976 ! Wimoood Beade ! Whitfield ! Afzelitu ! 7. W. Prenssii, C. B. Clarke. Nearly glabrous, except the calyx. Upper leaves 7 by 2 J in. ; petiole ^-1 in. long. Inflorescence 7 by | in., raceme with 2 pedicels up to J in. long from a few lower axils (i.e., panicle nearly reduced to a raceme) ; bracts ^ J in. long, linear. Calyx J in. long, microscopically pubescent. Corolla yellow (Liiidau) ; tube j in. long, inflated nearly from the base. Anther-cells hairy. Style hairy ; ovary conical at the top, passing continuously into the style. — Stylarthropus PretLssii^ Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 12, and in Engl, it Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 306, fig. 123, A-C. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Barombi, Freuss^ 516 ! 8. "W, Brazzei, C. B. Clarke. Glabrous, except the corolla and calyx. Leaf 4 by 1 in., attenuate at each end, willow-like ; petiole J in. long. Panicle with solitary flowers ; bracts ^^g- in. long, linear ; bracteoles J in. long, broad- elliptic, subobtuse, whitish. Sepals J in. long, linear- oblong, sparingly viscous-pubescent. Corolla-tube J in. long, inflatetl nearly from the base. Capsule (from ThoUon's specimen) I in. loug, glabrous, stalked, 2-seeded ; seeds discoid, glabrous, nearly smooth. — Stylarthropus Brazzei and S. 7%ollonij Baill. in Bull. Linn. Soc. Paris, iL [1890], 823; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 306, and in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 63, t. 1, tig. 25. 68 XCVIII. ACANTHACEiE (CLARKE). [WMtfieldia . ]Lower Guinea. French Congo : Bateke Dist. ; in the woods of Osika, Brazza, 165! near Brazzaville on the Lower Congo, Thollon, 210'! 9. "W. Stuhlxnanni, C. B. Clarke. Innovations with stellate hairs. Leaves 5 by 1} in., soon glabrate, except the midrib beneath; petiole up to I in. long. Racemes terminal, short, few-flowered ; bracts J-| in. long, lanceolate, gi-een ; bracteoles J in. long, round-elliptic, short, acuminate, whitish. Calyx §-1 in. long ; segments 5, linear-ligulate, glandular-hairy. Corolla purple-violet (LiTidau) ; tube J-1 in. long, inflated in its upper half. Anther-cells in upper half with very long 1 -celled white hairs. Style sparsely hairy ; ovary conical at the top, passing continuously into the style. — Stylarthrcpus Stuhlmanni, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 11, in Engl. & Prantl, Pfianzenfam. iv. 3B. 80G, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 3B7. South Central. Congo Free State : Isango River, Siuhlmann, 2963 ! Lualaba River, Togge, 1144 ! Mozamb. Blstl German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, Volkens, 2396 ! Usambara, Eolsty 2673 ! 3297 ! Heinsen, 17 ! Imperfectly known species. 10. W. Laurentii, C. B. Clarke. Leaves up to 8 by 4 in., ovate, acuminate at either end, glabrous. Panicle compounded of racemes ; bracts -J in. long, filiform ; bracteoles J in. long, ovate, glabrous. Sepals § in. long, glutinous-pubescent. Corolla- tube 1^ in. long ; lobes | in. long. — Stylarihropus Laurentii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 317 ; Wild, (fe Dur. 111. FI. Congo, i. t. 32, p. 65, sub t. 33 and p. 64, "explication," sub t. 32. Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Upper Congo at Stanley Falls, Laurent. In the text of Wildeman & Durand there are several apparent errors — e.g. " stamens 5," while the cross section of the ovary is not that of any Acanthaceous plant. 19. SATANOCRATER, Schweinf. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1085. Cal3rx tubular, inflated, 5-angular, shortly 5-toothed. Corolla large, blue ; tube inflated in the upper half ; lobes 5, subequal, rounded, con- torted in bud. Stamens 4 ; anther-cells 2, muticous ; pollen strongly honeycombed. Ovary with 2 ovules in each cell ; style-branches one linear, the other suppressed. Capsule oblong, 4-seeded ; seeds discoid. — Shrubs 2 ft. high. Leaves entire. Flowers solitary, opposite in the leaf -axils ; pedicels 0-^ in. ; bract 0 ; bracteoles very small, linear. Corolla- tube li -2 in, long 1. S.fellatensis. Corolla-tube | in. long 2. ^. somalensis. 1. S. fellatensis, Schweinf. in Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesell.Wien, xviii. 676. Pubescent. Leaves 3 by 1-lJ in., elliptic or broad-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends ; petiole up to \ in. long. Bracteoles ~ in. long, linear. Calyx 1 by 3- in. ; segments united | their length ; teeth lanceo- Satanocrat&)\'\ xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). 69 late, aristate. Corolla- tube 1 J-2 in. long ; lobes | in. long. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pfianzenfam. iv. 8B. 306, fig. Ill, G. 8. Ruspolii, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pfianzenfam. Nachtr. zu ii.-iv. 305. Ruellia Buspolii, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. 69 ; Schweinf. & Volk. Liste PL Somalis, 16. wile Iiand. Galabat : near the village of Fellata, Schweinfurth, 130b ! Somali- land : Milmil, Eiva, 1068 ! Jocorsa, Eiva, 1554 ! Ogaden, RoheccU. 245, 248. Seeds very unripe. The sepals are, as in several species of Byschoriste, united into a tube by a scarious membrane one cell thick, which disrupts at a touch when the fruit is formed. Botanists who have boiled the calyx or applied a reagent find it 5-6epalou8 nearly or quite to the base. 2. S. somalensis, Lindau in Engl. <&; Prantl, Pfianzenfam. Nachtr. zu ii.-iv. 305. Corolla-tube | in. long. Ovules 2 in each cell. — S. paradoxa, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pfianzenfam. iv. Nachtr. zu ii.-iv. 305. Ruellia somalensis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 14, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pfianzenfam. iv. 3B. 309. Ruellia 2^cif'c^doxa, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Boma vi. 69; Schweinf. (fe Volk. Liste PI. Somalis, 15. Mile Xiand. Somaliland : Ahl Mountains, 3300 ft., Hildehrandt, 857a ! Jacorsa, Riva, 420 ! I do not feel sure that this is other than S.fellatensis, with the corolla-tube not yet fully elongated. 20. LANKESTEBIA, Lindl.; Benth, et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1083. Calyx divided nearly to the base; segments 5, subequal, linear. Corolla (in African species) orange, withering off* dull red ; tube long, linear, hardly dilated even at the top ; lobes 5, subequal, obovate, more or less oblique, contorted in bud. Stamens 2, with 2 small rudi- ments often added ; anther-cells muticous ; pollen short, elhpsoid, reticulated ; stopples 3. Ovary glabrous or nearly so, covered with dis- coid glands ; ovules 2 or 1 in each cell ; style thinly hairy ; stigma capitate or short-oblong, more or less 2-lobed. Capsule 2-seeded (where seen), ellipsoid, fiattened, base contracted, solid ; seeds covered by hygroscopic hair. — Shrubs 1-3 ft. high. Leaves entire. Flowers in subglobose heads, or in long strobilate spikes or panicles ; bract long, ovate or linear ; bracteole linear, hardly as long as the calyx. Species 3-4 in Africa, 17 in Asia {Dcedalacanthus, T. Anders.). This genus is that part of JErantliemum, Linn., separated off generically by R. Brown, and superficially so resembles Eranthemum that it was retained in Eranthemum by Nees. It is distinguished Istly by the contorted corolla-lobes, 2ndly by the reticulated pollen, 3rdly by the hygroscopic hairs on the seeds. Dcedalacantkus h said by Bentham to differ from Lankesteria by having included stamens ; but in Dcedalacantkus splendens, T. Anders., the anthers are exserted h-^ in., very much more eiserted than in any Lankesteria. Lindau separates these genera by the pollen, which he says is round in Dcedalacantkus, 3-winged in Lankesteria. But in the type species, L. jparv^ora, the pollen is only slightly trigonous. 70 xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). [Lankesteria. Flowers in dense compound subglobose heads . . 1. X. parvijlora. Flowers in strobilate linear-oblong spikes or panicles Spike; calyx ^ in. long . . , . . 2. i. elegans. Panicle linear ; calyx ^-\ in. long . 3. i. Barteri. 1. L. parviflora, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1845, Misc. 8B, <& 184G, t. 12. Stem and leaves pubescent, ultimately glabrous. Leaves up to 4 J by ] J in., tapering at both ends ; petiole hardly any. Heads ovoid, up to 1 in. diam., dense ; lateral heads distant, smaller, some- times few-flowered ; bract J by ^^ in. Sepals |-1 in. long, ciliate hairy. Corolla yellow or whitish ; tube \\ in. long; lobes obovate, \ in. long. Filaments exserted ^^-^ in. Capsule J in. long, 2-seeded, covered with glandular discs. — L. longijlcxfay Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1846, sub 1. 12. L. hispida, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 32 ; Lindau in Engl, k, Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 8B. 311. Justicia hispida^ Willd. Sp. PI. i. 84. Eranthemum hispidum, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 456. Zioii^er Guinea. Sierra Leone : Leicester, below the waterfall. Barter ! in woods, near Wallia, Scott-IElliot, 4452 ! and without precise locality, Don ! Smeath- man I Afzelius I 2. L. eleganSy T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. Z?>^ partly. Stem and mature leaves glabrescent. Leaves 5-9 by 2\ in., elliptic, acumi- nate at both ends ; petiole J- J in. long. Spike terminal (or 2-8 sub- terminal), 3-7 J by 1 in., strobiliform ; bracts laxly overlapping, |-1 by J in., acute, shining glabrous, minutely pubescent near the margin ; bracteoles shorter than the calyx, linear. Sepals \ in. long, softly and minutely hairy, not ciliate. Corolla orange, withering dull reddish ; tube IJ- by scarcely ^^ in. ; lobes nearly \ in. long, obovate. Ovary glabrous (or with a few minute hairs near the top), covered to the base with discoid glands, 4-ovulate. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 311, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 368; Cummins in Kew Bulletin, 1898, p. 77. Justicia eleyans, Beauv. Fl. Owar. i. 84, t. 50. Eranthemum elegcmSy Roem. et Schultes, Syst. i. 174; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 447. Upper Guinea. Gold Coast, Burton df Cameron ! Ashanti : Assin-Yan* Coomassie, Cvmmins, 50 ! 199 ! Lagos : Ajilete, Millen, 103 ! Otta, Rowland ! and without precise locality, Moloney, 6 ! Millen, 120 ! Cameroons : Bipinde, Zenker, 909 ! Yaunde, Zenker, 436 ! 518 ! Zenker Sf Staudt, 218 ! Victoria, Freuss ! Xiower Guinea. Corisco Bay, Mann, 1861 ! 3. L* Barteri, Hook.f. Bot. Mag. t. 5533. Stem and mature leaves somewhat pubescent. Leaves up to 7 by 2J in., acuminate at both ends; petiole 0-{ in. long. Linear panicles terminal (or 2-8 subter- minal), 3-5 by 1 in. ; floral leaves J by J in., acute, overlapping, each covering 2-4 flowers; bract (to each flower) -J in. long, linear; brac- teoles 2, J in. long, linear. Sepals J-^ in. long, linear, with terete needle- like points. Flowers nearly as of L. elegans. — Lindau in Engl. i. wile Xiand. British East Africa: Ukamba, 5000-6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6706 : Alau, 7000-8000 ft.,' Scott-Elliot, 6805 ! Usongora ; at the' Salt Lake, near Katw6, Scott-Elliot, 7961 ! 2. D. Perrottetii, 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 480. Branches 12-18 in. long, erect. Leaves up to o^ by | in., lanceolate, obtuse; nerves often Dyschoriste.'] xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). 78 very prominent. Calyx with prominent cystoliths. Corolla J— J in. long, obscurely 2 -lipped; othervyise as D. depressa. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pllanzenfam. iv. o02, fig. 121, A-C. Calophcviies Perrottetii^ Nees in DC. Prod. xi. Ill ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 23 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 388 ; Linostylis fasciculijioi'a, Sonder in Linnsea, xxiii. 05 ; Solms Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 112, 244. Upper Guinea. Senegal, iZof/er, 136 ! Perrottel,2H\ 515! 0\yA\\o, Leprieur ! Sierra Leone : by the River Scarcies, Scutl-Elliol, '1534 ! 4634 ! Togoland, Baumann, 410 ! Segge Brook, Buettner, 351 ! 738 ! 410 ! 361 ! Lagos, Millen, 99 ! Niger Territory : Borgu ; banks of the Kiver Oly, Barter, 820 ! Nile Ziand. Upper Senaar : Fazokl, Koischy, 558 ! Eritrea : Ginda, 3200 ft., Schweinfurth <^ Riva, 2114! Abyssinia, Schimper, lhQ\ 947! 1353! British East Africa: Bongo; by the River Tidju (Tudye), Schweinfurth, 2663! Mittu; Diraindo, Schweinfiirth, 2792 ! Taita, Hildebrandt, 2510 ! Hardly distinguishable from D. depressa (cf. Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. 846) ; the plant is taller, attaining 3-4 ft., with straight branches and very erect fruit clusters ; the main branches have leaves 2 in. and more long ; but the branchlets with shorter leaves by themselves might pass for D. depressa. o. D. radicans, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 106. Stems procumbent, branching, rooting, hispid-pubescent at the tips (and throughout in hill examples), with no straight simple branches. Leaves not exceeding 1 in. in length. Calyx-tube hairy within. Corolla scarcely 2-lipped. Capsules spreading; otherwise as D. depressa. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 141 ; Lindau in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 302, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. 68. Calophanes radicans, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 23 ; T. Thoms. in Speke, Journ. Append. 643; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 197 partly ; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 126; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 388. Chcetacanthus Burchellii, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367, Ch. Persoonii^ Lindau MS. in Stuhlmann, Exs. 1347. Rudlia radicanSy Hochst. ex Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 141. Sarile Iiand. Eritrea : near Geleb, 5500 ft., Scliiceinfurth, 1127 ! Habab, 6000 ft., Hildebrandt, 456b ! Abyssinia : Tigre ; near Adowa, Schimper, 17 ! 177 I Hamasen, Steudner, 1527 ! 388 ! and without precise locality, Schimper, 521 partly ! 875! 1354! Somaliland : between Harr and Surro, 72it'a, 185 ! British East Africa: Uganda, Stuhlmann, 1347! Buddu ; at Villa Maria, Scott-Ulliot, 7467! Lake Nakuro, 6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6847! Athi Plains, 5000-6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6553 ! Ukamba ; Machakos, Scott-Elliot, 6601 ! Gregory ! lower Guinea. Angola : Huilla ; Lopollo, Wehcitsch, 5046 ! Calunda, Welwitsch, 5075 ! Huilla, Welwitsch, 5055 ! Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5189 1 Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro and Masai Steppe, ex Lindau; Usambara ; Kwa Mshuza, Hoist, 8917 ! Karagwe, Speke ^ Q-rant, 436! The East African material agrees well together, varying a little in degree of hairiness ; but its distinctness from D. depressa may be doubted. 4. D. mutida, C. B. Clarke. Stems 4-8 in. long, not rooting (appear- ing annual). Leaves Ij by | in., narrow-elliptic. Anthers muticous ; otherwise as D. radicans, Nees. — Calophaiies radicans, var. i7iiUica, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 198. lower Guinea. Angola : Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5089 ! 5094 ! 74 xcviii. ACANTHACE/f: (clarke). [Bysckoriste. 5. D. tubicaljntj O. B. Clarke. Crisped-hairy, woody, branched. Leaves J- J by J in., ovate to elliptic. Flowers axillary, 4-1 together in condensed cymes. Calyx J in. long, divided J the way down, hairy within and without; cystoliths obscure; otherwise as D. radicans. — GaJophat}£s radicans (partly), S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 197. Iiower Guinea. Angola, Welwifsch, 5055 ! Huilla, Antunes, 166 ! 167 ! Pungo Andongo, Mechow, 65! Malange, Buchner,f)9\ Appears to be an erect, very woody undershrub, in habit unlike D. radicans. fi. D. cunenensis, C. B. Clarke. Sparingly hairy. Leaves up to Ij by 1 in. (exclusive of petiole -J in. long), obovate, truncate, narrowed into the petiole. Flowers axillary, 3-2 together or often solitary. Calyx J in. long, divided more than |- way down ; tube 5-angular, very sparsely hairy, with numerous large conspicuous cystoliths ; otherwise as D. radicans. Iiov^er Guinea. Angola : Mulondo, on the River Cunene, Newton ! This has the habit of D. radica^is, and may be a wet-forest form of it. 7. D. multica-ulis, 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 486. Branches many, 16 in. long, rather stout, hairy; leaves up to 2 by J in. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; anthers tailed. Ovary with 2 ovules in each cell. Capsule narrow-cylindric (not clavate), 4-seeded ; otherwise as D. radicans. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 302, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 3G7. Dipteracanthus dejectus /3, Neesin DC. Prod. xi. 125, partly; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 142. Calophanes multicaulis, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 23. Ruellia multicaulis^ Hochst. ex A. Rich. I.e. Wile Xiand. Abyssinia : Tigre ; near Adowa, on Mount Sholoda, Schimper, 43 ! and on Mount Semayata, 8400 ft., Schimper, 484 ! Except by the stouter straighter stems and larger leaves, this hardly differs from D. radicans. 8. D. nobilior, C. B. Clarke. Sparingly shortly hairy, branches 3 J ft. long, stout, straight, little-divided. Leaves If by |-1 in. (exclu- sive of petiole \-\ in. long), slightly crenulate ; tip triangular, often subacute. Cymes many, distant, dense, axillary. Calyx nearly J in. long, sparingly pubescent, divided less than half-way down ; teeth lanceolate, somewhat wide at the base. Corolla less than J in. long. Capsules f in. long, erect, stouter than those of D. radicans; otheiwise as D. radAcans. — D. HildehrandMi, Lindau MS. in Hoist, Exs. 3204a. IjO'wer Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, ol07 I 5158! XMCozamt). Bist. German East Africa : Usambara ; Duga, Hoist, 3204a ! Welwitsch (5158) has small flowers and cannot be united with D. Hildehrandiii, and with this the other examples (without flowers) cited match. 0. D. nudanthera, C. B. Clarke. Scabrous; branches 8-14 in. Leaves 1 J by J in., lanceolate, subacute at both ends, hispid ; petiole 0-\ in. long. Cymes close, axillary. Calyx J in. long, divided about J way down ; lobes lanceolate, acute, hispid ; tube nearly glabrous Dyschoriste.] xcviii. acanthace^ (clarke). 75 within. Corolla J in. long, dark purple when dry. Stamens 4, sub- similar; anther-cells equal, very obtuse at both ends; pollen small, ellipsoid, ribbed. Style with one linear stigmatic branch ; cells of ovary 2-ovulate. MCozaxnb. I>lst. British Central Africa: Niomkolo Island, in Lake Tan- ganyika, Carson ! The anthers in this species are altogether like those of a typical Ruellia. 10. D. trichocalyx, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367. Branches 18 in. long, hairy. Lower and middle leaves 2 by J in. ; elliptic, hairy on both surfaces, cystoliths obscure ; petiole J in. long. Flowers often 8-15 in densely congested axillary cymes; bracteoles linear, scarcely J the length of the calyx. Calyx | in. long, divided f way down ; tube sparsely hairy without, with long white hairs within ; teeth long, subulate, with many simple hairs, few glands. Corolla |-J in. long, purple-red ; narrow-cylindric base of tube short ; limb somewhat 2-lipped. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; anthers oblong, distinctly tailed ; pollen longitudinally many ribbed. Style hairy, one stigmatic branch linear, the other suppressed; ovary 4-ovulate. Capsule J- in. long, narrow-cylindric, 4-seeded; seeds covered with hygroscopic hairs. — Cahphanes trichocalyx, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 120, t. 12G. Hygrophilay sp. 1, T. Thoms. in Speke, Journ. Append. G43. Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Karagwe, Spelce &■ Orant, 404 ! Scott- Elliot, 7491 ! 8124 ! 11. D. verticillaris, C. B. Clarke, Branches glabrous except at the tips. Lower and middle leaves glabrous, cystoliths numerous and conspicuous above, below still larger. Calyx very hairy (almost woolly) without, and with numerous glandular hairs ; otherwise as D. trichocalyx. — Calophanes verticillaris, T. Anders, ex Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 126. Nomch'pliila glandulosa, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. 198. Hygrophila glandulosa, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367. Mozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Higher Plateau, north of Lake Nyasa, Thomson ! Portuguese East Africa : Beira, Braga, 147 ! Rios de Sena, Peters ! British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Tanganyika Plateau at Fort Hill, 3500-4000 ft., Whyte I Nyika Mountains, 4000-6000 ft., Whyle ! hetween Songwe and Karonga, 1700-2000 ft., Whyte 32 ! between Kondowe and Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte, 379 ! Masuku Plateau, 6500-7000 ft., Whyte 1 Manganja Hills, Meller ! Blantyre, Suchanan, 74! Zomba and vicinity, 2500-3500 ft. Whyte I Mount Chiradzulu, 4000 ft., Whyte ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 16 ! This species is hardly separable from D. trichocalyx ; the subulate tips to the calyx-teeth are shorter. 12. D. pedicellata^ C.B. Clarke. Pubescent. Leaves IJ by | in., narrow elliptic, pubescent on both surfaces ; cystoliths obscure. Cymes axillary, lax, branched ; pedicels U— J in. long ; bracteoles J in. long, linear. Calyx exceeding J in. in length, divided rather more than ^ way down, pubescent without, white haiiy within ; cystoliths obscure. Corolla 1 in. long, purplish-red when dry ; linear-cylindric portion of the tube \ in. long. Stamens, style, ovules, pollen, as of genus. Capsule \ in. long, 4-seeded. 76 xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). [Dysckoriste. Upper Guinea. North Bank of the River Gambia, Ozanne, 8! Cameroons; 4000 ft., Fassarge, 121a! The calyx is often minutely pedicellate above tlie bractcoles ; and there is seen sometimes a shoot from the axil of a bracteole. i?>. D. capricomiSy C. B. Clarke. Glandular-pubebcent ; branchlets woody. Leaves J- J by J-iin., obtuse, nearly sessile. Cymes axillary, dense, o-8-flowered ; bracteoles ^^ in. long, linear. Calyx 1 in. long, divided less than J way down, glandular-pubescent without, white-hairy within ; cystoliths hardly prominent ; teeth lanceolate, aristate. Corolla 'I in. long ; linear-cylindric portion of tube ^ in. long. Stamens, pollen, pisti], ovules, of the genus. South-'West Afl>lca. South lat. 23°, Chapman Sf Baines ! It. D. heudelotiana, 0. Kuntze^ Rev. Gen. 486. Pubescent and thinly hairy. Leaves up to o by J — 1 in., narrowly elliptic, obtuse, subsessile, puberulous, a few scattered white hairs added. Cymes axillary, small, o-l -flowered ; bracteoles ^-J in. long, linear. Calyx i-§ in. long, divided more than | way down, pubescent without, white- hairy within ; cystoliths slender. Corolla 1 in. long, purple ; Hnear- cylindric portion of the tube nearly J in. long. Stamens, pollen, pistO, ovules, capsule (nearly J in. long) as of genus. — Calophmies heudelotianus^ Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 112 ; T. Andere. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 23. Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Bondou, Heudelot, 18 (ex Nees), Heudelot, 144 ! 190 ! and without precise locality. 15. D. linifolia, C. B. Clarke. Viscid glandular-hairy; branch IG in. long. Leaves 1 by \-\ in., narrow elliptic, subsessile, viscid glandular-hairy ; cystoliths obscure. Flowers axillary, 2 together or solitary ; bracts \ in. long, linear-oblong. Calyx J in. long, divided I the way down, glandular-hairy ; tube within white-hairy ; cystoliths obscure; teeth linear, obtuse. Corolla nearly Ih in. long, linear- cylindric poi-tion of tube § in. long. Stamens, poUen, pistil, as of genus. — Calophanes linifoliusj T. Anders. MS. in Hb. Kew. Mozamt). Dist. British Central Africa : Northern Zambesia ; Batoka High- lands. Kirk ! IG. D. Hildebrandtii, Lindau in Engl, d; Prantl, Pflanzenfcum. iv. oB. o02. Pubescent, more or less villous; branches 12-16 in. long. Leaves 1 \ by J in., elliptic, obscurely crenulate ; cystoliths not prominent ; petioles U-^ in. long. Cymes axillary, small, 8-10- flowered ; bracteoles less than \ the length of the calyx, linear. Calyx rather more than h in. long, divided | the way down ; tube scabrous- pubescent without, white hairy within ; cystoliths not prominent. Corolla IJ in. long, purple; linear-cylindric portion of the tube J in. long. Stamens and pistil of the genus. Capsule J in. long, linear- cylindric, 4-seeded ; seeds covered with hygroscopic hairs. — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367. Calophanes Hildebrandtii, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 8. Dyschoriste.] xcviii. acanthace^ (olarke). 77 Wile Iiand. British East Africa : Ukamba ; Kitui, Hildebrandt, 2718 ! Mozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Usarabara, Hoist, 3304a ! 17. D. Fischeri, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 11. Flowers yellow ; otherwise as Z). Hildehrandtii. — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. 68. wrile Xiand. Soraaliland, Mount Ciafia, Eiva, 57l ! XVXozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Masai Steppe, Fischer, 485 ! Portu- guese East Africa : Lower Zambesi; Sena, Peters! Hritish Central Africa : North Nyasaiand, Nicholson ! This plant is hardly distinguishable in the dried state from D. Hildehrandtii, but has yellow flowers. The bracteoles are ^ in. long, linear ; not ^ in., elliptic, as stated by Lindau (of the floral leaves probably). 18. D. Volkensii, C. B. Clarke. Sparingly pubescent. Leaves up to If by 1 in., elliptic, obscurely crenulate ; cystoliths not prominent ; petioles 0-J in. long. Cymes axillary, 3-10-flowered. Calyx rather more than J in. long, divided J the way down ; tube scabrous pubescent without, white hairy within. Corolla 1-1 J in. long, not 2-lipped ; lobes 5, subequal, obtuse. Stamens 4 ; anthers subequal, tailed at the base ; pollen longitudinally ribbed. Capsule J in. long, linear-cylindric, 4-seeded. Ovary 4-ovuled. — Ilygrophila Volkensii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xix. Beibl. n. 47, 46, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. ?}C>C}. AXozamb. I>ist. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, 3300 ft., VolJcens, 324, 1627! This plant is hardly distinguishable from D. Hildehrandtii. Lindau distinguishes it by having the capsule hairy ; the young capsules are perfectly glabrous. Lindau is in error in saying that the calyx is divided \ the way down. 19. D. mollis, C. B. Clarke. Hairy; branches with many long several-celled gland-tipped hairs. Leaves hairy on both faces. Cymes rather lax, pedicels often \ in. long ; bracteoles -^ in. long, linear, a little distant. Calyx up to §-f in. long, divided half-way down or more, densely covered with long several-celled gland-tipped hairs. Capsule exceeding |- in. in length ; otherwise as D. Hildehrandtii. — D. Hildehrandtii, var. mollis, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1894, 132. Blepharis an var. B. Hildehrandtii, S. Moore, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 345. Nile Iiand. British East Africa : Kikuyu ; Steppes of the Thikathika River, Gregory ! Taita ; Maungu Mountain, 20u0 ft., Johnston ! Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Kihmanjaro ; 2000-3000 ft., Johnson ! Usambara ; Mnscheua, Hoist, 8750 ! 20. D. tanganyikensis, C. B. Clarke. Ashy-puberulous ; branches numerous, hardly 4 in. long, from a very stout rootstock (apparently after be'ng burnt down). Leaves J-f by \ in., elliptic, obtuse, narro«\-ed at the base, scarcely petioled. Flowers in numerous few-flowered axillary dense cymes. Calyx J in. long, divided more than \ way down. Corolla J-1 in. long, purple when dry ; linear-cylindric portion of tube 78 xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). [Dpsckoriste. exceeding J in. in length. Stamens and pistil of the genus. Capsule l~l in. long, linear-cylindric. Mozaxnb. Dist. British Central Africa: Urungu; Fwambo, Carson! 21. D. thunbergiiflora, Lindau in Engl, d- Prantl, Pfianzenfam. iv. 3B. 302. A minutely sparsely pubescent branched shrub. Leaves 1 by J in., obovate, obtuse, attenuate at the base ; petiole 0-J in. long. Flowers in axillary, 1— t-flovvered, rather lax monopodial cymes ; bracteoles small, linear, or (). Calyx | in long, divided half-way down into linear teeth; tube nearly glabrous without, thinly white-hairy within; cystoliths many, prominent. Corolla l-2.\ in. long, fine purple ; linear-cylindric portion of the tube | in. long. Stamens and pistil of the genus; anther-tails large. Capsule not seen. — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 3G7. Calophanes ihimhergiifiwa^ S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 8. Nile Aand. British East Africa : Ukamba ; Kitui, Rildehrandt, 2719 ! 22. D. somalensis, Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1895, 413. Grey pubescent ; stems 8-30 in. long, rigid, branched. Leaves J-§ in. long, orbicular or obovate, obtuse ; petiole 0-y^^ in. long. Flowers axillary, solitary ; bracteoles very small, hnear. Calyx J in. long, divided J the way down ; teeth linear ; tube narrow, nearly glabrous without, white-hairy within ; cystoliths many, prominent. Corolla 1-1 J in. long, purple ; linear-cylindric portion of the tube f in. long. Pistil and stamens of the genus ; anthers acute or mucronate at the base. Capsule § in. long, linear-cylindric. — Phillipsia fruticulosa, Rolfe in Kew Bulletin, 1805, 223; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 2445. Satanocrater fruticu- losa, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pfianzenfam. Nachtr. zu ii.-iv. 305, and in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 317. irile X^and. Somaliland : Sheik-Husein, Donaldson Smith ! Golis Range, Mrs. Lort Phillips ! Imperfectly known species. 23. D. adscendens, 0. Kuntze^ Rev. Gen. 485. Leaves oblong, obtuse, nearly glabrous. Flowers axillary, clustered or solitary ; bracteoles lanceolate, as long as the calyx. Calyx divided J way down ; teeth setaceous. Corolla funnel-shaped, as long as the calyx or twice as long. — Calophanes adscendens^ Hochst. ex Nees in DC. Prod, xi. 111. KTlle Kand. Abyssinia, Kotschy. Not seen. The bracteoles being as long as the calyx show that this can be no plant in the Kew bundles of Dyschoriste. As nothing is stated of style, ovules, capsule or seeds, it is not possible to guess in what genus this missing plant is to be sought. 24. D. hyssopifolia, 0. Kuntze^ Rev. Gen. 480. Leaves linear, obtuse, very glabrous. Flowers solitary, axillary ; bracteoles lanceolate- linear, obtuse, shorter than the bristle-acuminate calyx. — Calophanes hyssopifolius, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. Ill (not of Nees in Linnsea xx. 713), Ruellia hyssopifolia^ Hochst. ex Nees. in DC. Prod. xi. 111. Byschoriste.] xcviii. acanthace.e (clarke). 79 IVile ILand. Abyssinia, Kotschy. Not seen. Said to be allied to D. adscendens, a species likewise unknown to late writers. 26. D. subquadrangulariSy G. B. Clarke. Stem 3 ft. high, subquadrangular. Leaves f by ^ in., ovate, narrowed at either end, pubescent ; petiole —^ in. long, hairy. Inflorescences axillary, cymose, congested, hairy ; bracteoles linear, minute. Flowers blue. Calyx J in. long, divided half-way down, hairy, glandular. Corolla-tube J in. long; lobes J in. long. Style hairy. Capsule nearly J in. long, 4-seeded. — Hygrophila suhquadrangularis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 314. XMCozamb. 2>lst. German East Africa : Usambara ; 1600 ft., Buchioald, 94. Said to be most nearly allied to Hygrophila Volkensii, Lindau (a Dyschoriste) ; and, having only 4 seeds to the capsule, is probably a Dyschoriste, Chaetacantlius, Nees. This genus differs from Dyschoriste by having two stamens only ; and is South African ; no example from Tropical Africa having been seen. In Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367, Lindau places in Tropical East Africa two species — viz., C. setiger (Stuhlmann, 13 17) and C. Burchellii (Hoist, 8917), both of which prove to have 4 stamens and to be Dyschoriste radicans, Nees. There would appear to exist further ground for Chcetacanthiis occurring in Tropical Africa from Lindau I.e., but none was found at Berlin. 22. DISPERMA, C. B. Clarke. Calyx small, tubular half its length, or 3 posticous segments nearly free ; segments 5, equal, narrow-oblong, or 2 anticous connate nearly to the top. Corolla small, |— J in. long ; tube narrowly funnel-shaped from the base or subcylindric ; lobes 5, subequal, ovate, contorted in bud. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; anther-cells linear-oblong, parallel, rounded at the base ; pollen short-ellipsoid, ribbed. Ovary with 1 (sometimes 2) ovule in each cell ; style with 2 linear-oblong (often unequal) branches. Capsule small, 2-seeded, obovoid-ellipsoid, much flattened, woody, brown, shining ; seeds discoid, with many hygroscopic hairs on the margin. — Small or medium-sized shrubs, more or less hairy. Leaves entire, crenate, or toothed. Clusters of flowers axillary ; bract oblong, about as long as the calyx ; bracteoles similar, smaller. Species, the 7 following, endemic in Tropical Africa. The character which holds these 7 species closely together is the flattened ellipsoid capsule, v/hich is quite different from the capsule of Dyschoriste, when by accident 2 seeds only are perfected. There is one ovule in each cell with frequently a lower imperfect one added ; as in species of Barleria. The genus Lamiacanthtis, O. Kuntze founded on a Javan plant, may prove hereafter to include Disperma, but its capsule is unknown. Erect ; corolla | in. long. Calyx subequally 5-fid about ^-way down . , 1. D. A- il inlands- charicum. Calyx 2-anticous segments connate ^ their length, 3 posticous segments free. 80 xcviii. ACANTHACE^. (clarke). [Dispemia. Leaves 1-lf in. long 2. 2). quadrisepalum. Leaves up to 4 in. long 3. J), parvifiomm. Large, semiscandent ; corolla \ in. long. Inflorescences elongate, oblong, quasi-terminal. Leaves up to 8 in. long, entire . . . 4. i>. quadrangulare. Leaves up to 3 1 in. long, crenate- dentate . . 5. D. dentatum. Leaves up to 1-^- in, long, entire, oblong, densely woolly . . . • • • . n. Z>. angolenso. Inflorescences short, dense, quasi-lateral . . 7. D. demifiorum. 1 . D. kilimandscharicum, C. I>. Clarke. Pubescent small shrub. Leaves f-1 by I in., obovate, obtuse, toothed, microscopically densely dotted, cystoliths obscure ; petiole hardly any. Flowers clustered, in ancillary small cymes ; bracteoles lanceolate, h the length of the calyx. Calyx \ in. long, divided J way down, with many cystoliths ; tube nearly glabrous within, short-pubescent without ; teeth narrowly linear- lanceolate. Corolla J in. long, somewhat 2-lipped ; lobes contorted in bud, obtuse, hairy without, with many long deflexed hairs in the throat. Stamens 4 ; filaments with long white hairs below, and a few stalked glands upwards ; anthers equal, similar, base not apiculate ; pollen round-ellipsoid, longitudinally several-ribbed. Ovary glabrous ; style hairy, with 2 linear unequal stigmatic branches ; ovule 1 in each cell . Capsule \ in. long, obovoid-ellipsoid, much flattened, hard brown, shining. ^Seeds 2, round, flattened, on large retinacula, covered with tufted long hairs, which spring out elastically on being wetted. — Dyschoriste kilimandscharica, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367, and in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 315. Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, 3000 ft., Volkens, 1721 ! Var. /3 hracteolata, C. B. Clarke. Bracteoles as long as calyx narrowly oblong. Flowers in denser clusters. Calyx more hairy. Wile Xiand. British East Africa : Ukamba, Scott-ElHot, 6306 partly ! The other part of Scott -Elliot, 6306, is Justicia fruticulosa, Lindau. 2. D. quadrisepalum, C. B. Clarke. Pubescent small shrub. Leaves up to If by | in., narrowed at both ends, more or less strongly crenate-toothod ; petiole hardly any. Flowers closely clustered in axillary small cymes ; bracteoles linear-lanceolate, as long as the calyx. Calyx exceeding \ in. in length, 4-fid nearly to the base, 2 anticous segments connate nearly to the tip into 1 obovate-elliptic 2-nerved piece, 3 others nearly equally long. Corolla J in. long. Stamens 4, subsimilar; anthers of 2 equal parallel oblong muticous cells; pollen ellipsoid, many-ribbed. Style thinly hairy ; branches ^2, linear-oblong. Capsule i in. long, obovoid, flattened, woody, brown, 2-seeded. — Hygrophila crenata^ Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. C, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 3GG. Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Wadiboma, Fischer, 495 ! Usagara ; Mpwapwa, Stuhlmann, 287! British Central Africa: Rhodesia; Panda-ma-Tenka, ^koluh ! Leshumo Valley, Holul, 714 ! 715 ! Tamasanka, Holub, 1212-1214 ! From the 4-fid calyx and the 1-ovulate ovary-cells, this species was referred to Barleria, sect. Somalia. It is very like D. kilimandscharicum. Bisperma.] xcviii. acaxthace^ (olarke). 81 3. D. parviflorum, C. B. Clarke. Branches 3-4 ft. long, stout, patently hairy. Leaves 3|- by 1| in., narrowed at both ends, sparsely hairy, coarsely crenate ; petiole 0-|- in. long. Flower-clusters axillary, very dense; bract small, shorter than the calyx. Calyx scarcely i in. Jong, 2 anticous segments connate | their length, 3 others connate scarcely \ their length. Corolla-tube \ in. long, mouth small ; anthers muticous, pollen of Disperma. Ovary with 2 ovules in each cell ; style nearly glabrous, branches linear, unequal. Capsule scarcely i in. long, stalked, ellipsoid, flattened, 2-seeded, shining brown. — Ilygrophila parvi- flora, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 7, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 3GG, XVEozamb. I>ist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland, Buchanan, 556 partly ! Buchanan 556 is a mixture, and the sheets have been issued mixed ! The descrip- tion of Lindau of his Ilygrophila parvifiora (calyx ~ in. long) applies mainly lo the present species. The other plant mixed under Buchanan 556 is a Dyschoriste, with calyx 1^ in. long, near or perhaps D. trichocalyx. 4. D. quadrangulare, C. B. Clarke. Large, subscandent ; branches sharply quadrangular. Leaves up to 8 by 'd\ in., spathulate-elliptic, hardly petioled, thin in texture, very sparsely hairy, cystoliths obscure ; margin entire, obscurely waved. Inflorescence in viscid-hairy axillary panicles 3-6 in. long, but (by the falling of the floral leaves) apparently a terminal panicle 14 by 8 in. ; bract \ in. long, oblong ; bracteoles similar, rather smaller. Calyx J in. long, divided J— J the way down, more or less viscid-hairy ; teeth narrow-lanceolate. Corolla | in. long (linear-cylindric portion J in. long), purple with brown transverse marks and strong deflexed simple hairs in the throat. Stamens, anthers, pollen, pistil, stigmas, and ovules as of D. kilimandscharicum. Capsule (and seeds) as of D. kilimandschaHcum, but a little larger, \ in. long. — Nomaphila quadrangularis, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mozamb. 197. Hygrophila quadrangularis, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 3(]7 partly. IVZozamb. I>lst> German East Africa : Bibisande, Stuhlmann, 409 ! Usukuma ; Usiha, Fischer, 493 ! Portuguese East Africa : Rios de Sena, Peters, 8 ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Katunga, on the River Shire, Scott ! This fine plant has all the appearance of one of the large rambling Indian Strohilanthes : except by the number of ovules it might be placed in that genus. Klotzsch has misled everybody by printing that the cells of the ovary are vieleiig (many-ovuled) instead of viereiig (4-ovuled). 5. D. dentatiun, C. B. Clarke. Leaves up to 3 J by 1-J in., dis- tinctly regularly crenate-toothed ; otherwise nearly as D. quadr angular e. nxozamb. Bist. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; Shiramba, Kirk I British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Monkey Bay, Lake Nyasa, 1600 ft., Whyte I The inflorescence is more viscid-hairy than that of B. quadrangulare ; the leaves have stronger nerves raised beneath ; and the toothing of the margin consists of forward- pointed white teeth each ending in a minute point. In J>. quadrangulare, the margins of the leaves are very entire and obscurely wavy. The calyx, corolla, stamens, and pistil are like those of D. quadrangulare. 6. D. angolense, C. B. Clarke. Leaves up to 1^ by J in. (mostly smaller), entire, narrowly obovate-oblong, sessile, densely minutely 82 xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). [Dispei'TTia. softly hairy. Inflorescence of numerous axillary approximate short few- flowered cymes, running into apparently panicled spikes, with soft hairs and many-celled gland-tipped hairs, almost viscid. Calyx divided about J the way down, somewhat 2 -lipped. Corolla f in. long. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; anthers narrow-oblong, obtuse at the base, pollen short- ellipsoid, 8-12-ribbed. Style hairy; branches 2, oblong, slightly unequal, ovary glabrous. Capsule J- in. long, of the genus. £ower Guinea. Angola : Huilla ; Humpata, Johnston ! CaneDe River, Johnston ! 7. D. densiflonun, C. B. Clarke. Pubescent; branches stout, terete, with raised lines. Leaves 2 by Ij in., ovate, crenate ; petiole up to \ in. long. Cymes axillary, compound, 10— 30-flowered, near together ; bracteoles J in. long. Calyx J in. long, divided J the way down ; teeth lanceolate, minutely pubescent. Corolla -J in. long ; lobes subequal, short. Stamens 4, subequal ; anthers not tailed ; pollen longitudinally ribbed. Style-branches 2, linear-oblong, slightly unequal. Capsule i in. long, 2-seeded ; seeds covered with hygroscopic hairs. East Tropical Aft*ica. Without locality, Scott-Mliot ! 23. PHAYLOPSIS, Willd. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1081. Calyx 5-fid nearly to the base; 2 anticous segments oblong or linear, posticous segment ovate or elliptic, 2 inner segments shorter, linear. Corolla small ; tube \ in. long or less, inflated upwards (except in P. lankesterioides and P, glandulosa) ; lobes 5, contorted, nearly equal, but forming 2 lips. Stamens 4 ; anther-cells at the base minutely apiculate or muticous; pollen short-ellipsoid, longitudinally 12-ribbed, with 3 stopples. Style thinly hairy; one stigmatic arm linear-oblong, the other very short ; ovary with 2 ovules in each cell, glandular at the top, often also hairy or glandular nearly to the base. Capsule elliptic, compressed, solid at the base, 4-seeded, margins very stout, solid, faces becoming scarious and breaking up ; capsule dehiscing with elasticity, the placentae (carrying the seeds) separate and spring up from the bottom ; margins of seeds with numerous hygi^oscopic hairs. — Small, shrubby. Leaves often very oblique, those in one opposite pair unequal, elliptic, entire or crenate. Inflorescence in cylindric or ovoid spikes, the broad floral leaves enclosing a contracted cyme of usually 3 flowers ; bract and bracteoles 0. Species 15, in Africa, Mascarene Islands, India. Petalidum differs from Fhaylopsis little but by having 2 large bracteoles to each flower. Willdenow constituted the genus Fhaylopsis in 1800. Bentham (in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1081), states that the genus is equal to Micranthus, Wendl. published in 1798, but as the name Micranthus, Ecklon, had been for fifty years used for a genus of Iridece, Bentham exercised his discretion by continuing the name Fhaylopsis, though Micranthus had two years priority. In 1891, O. Kuntze revived Micranthus, Wendl., after it had slept for ninety-three years. Phaylopsis.'] xcviii. acanthace.e (clarke). 83 Corolla-tube less than \ in. long, somewhat funnel-shaped upwards. Inflorescences strobilate, many, cylindric. Anticous 2 calyx-teeth linear-ligulate, acute . . 1. P. parviflora. Anticous 2 calyx-teeth linear-spathulate . . 2. P. longifolia. Anticous 2 calyx-teeth oblong-falcate . . .3. P. falcisepala. Inflorescences short-cylindric, hardly strobilate. Bracts hardly so long as flowers . . . . 4. P. angolana. Bracts longer than flowers ; spike leafy . . 5. P. Poggei. Inflorescences ovoid, not strobilate. Heads of flowers scattered. Leaves less than 1 in. long, subentire, glabre- scent . . . . . . . fi. P. microphylla. Leaves up to 3 in. long, oblique, entire, pubescent 7. P. micrantha. Spikes very small, leaves crenate-serrate . . 8. P. ohliqua. Leaves and inflorescences subterminal on lateral branchlets 9. P. Johnstoni. Corolla-tube \ in. long, subcampanulate in the upper part 10. P. Barteri. Corolla-tube ^ in. long or more, linear to the top. Leaves ovate ; bracts round ; corolla-tube ^ in. long . 11. P. lanJcesterioides. Leaves lanceolate; bracts narrow ; corolla-tube, 1 in. long . . . . . . . . 12. P. glandulosa. 1. P. parviflora, Willd. Sp. PI iii. 842. Stem 1-2 ft. high, branched, decumbent or suberect, hairy, becoming glabrescent below. Leaves up to 3 by IJ- in. (many on the same stem only J-1 in.) long, those of one pair sometimes very unequal, acuminate at both ends, pubescent, some often very unequal and oblique at the base, nearly entire ; petiole up to IJ in. long. Inflorescences some cylindric up to 2^ by § in., dense, strobilate (some examples have nearly all the inflorescences ovoid); lower floral leaves J by |^ in., rounded subtruncate; upper floral leaves of the same inflorescence are J by J in., ovate, triangular, subacute at the tip. Calyx \-^ in. long, hairy, scarcely glandular; posticous segment ovate, two anticous segments narrowly linear-ligulate, not dilated at the subacute tip. Corolla J in. long, white or purplish ; tube cylindric, narrow-funnel-shaped at the top. Ovary glabrous, sparingly glandular close to the top only. Capsule \-\ in. long. — T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 26 ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind, iv. 417. P. longifolia^ Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2433. Ruellia imbricata, Forsk. Descr. ^gypt.-Arab. 113 ; Vahl, Symb. ii. 73. Micranthus oppositifolius, Wendl. Bot. Beobacht. 39 ; Lindau in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 298, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367. M. lonyifolkts & M, ionhricatuSj 0. Kuntze, Kev. Gen. 493. jEtheileryia iTubricatum, R. Br. Prod. 478 ; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 480 ; Nees in DC. Prod, xi. 262 partly ; not of A. Rich. ^. reniforme, Nees in Wall. PI. As. Par. iii. 94, and in DC. Prod. xi. 261 ; Wight, Ic. t. 1533; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 480. Phaulopsis oppositifoliius d' P. longifoUus, Lindau in Engl, ct Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zu ii.-iv. 305. Upper Guinea. Senegal, Perrotfef, 6Z1\ Senegambia, Heudelof, 585 ! Gambia, Brown- Lester, 11 ! Sierra Leone, Afzelius ! Smeathman ! Don ! Scott-FAliot, 5693 I 4426 ! 84 xcviii. ACANTHACE.« (clarke). [Fhaylopsis. wile Xiand. Abyssinia : Eritrea ; Saganeiti, 6500 ft., Schweinfurth Sf Riva^ 939! Mozamb. Slst. Pemba Island (ex Lindau). German East Africa : Usambara, Jlolst, 31a ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland, Mount Chiradzulu, 4000 ft., Wliyte ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 773 ! I differ from Lindau in ascribing the synonyms above given to this plant. The Ruellia imbricata of ForskSl is in the British Museum, and is the Indian Phaylopsis pai-vijiora as R. Brown made it. The Phaylcrpsis longifolia, Sims (Bot. Mag. t. 2433) is figured from a Sierra Leone piece (where Ph. lonyifolia, T. Thorns, is not known), and agrees perfectly with the Sierra Leone plants of Heudelot and others. 2. P. longifolia, T. Themis, in Speke,Jowni. Append. 643, no^ of Sims. Two anticous calyx-segments linear-spathulate, obtuse, about as long as the posticous segment ; otherwise as P. 'parviflora. — T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 2G ; Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 127, ser. 2, Bot. ii. 845 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 388. jEiheilema imhricatum^ A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 149 ; Solms Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 104. Barleria incequalis, Hochst. MS. in Schimper Exs. 367. Miaranthibs longifolius, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 298, fig. 120 A-F, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367 partly, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. 68, not of 0. Kuntze. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Bipiudi, 300 ft., Zenker, 1215 ! Victoria, Staudt, 663! KTlle Iiand. Eritrea : Ginda, 3300 ft., Schweinfurth Sf Riva, 2138 ! Abyssinia : Tigre ; Addi-Dschoa, 7500 ft., Schimper ^ 542 ! Ferfera River, Schimper, 733 ! Mount Sholoda, Schimper, 367 ! Mountains near Axum, Schimper, 1523 ! Dochli, Schimper, 505 ! Sameu ; Aman-Eski, 6000-7000 ft., Schimper, 339 ! Somaliland : Harar, Robecchi, 5 ! British East Africa : Madi ; rocky heights of Ugani, Speke Sf Grant ! east side of Lake Albert Edward, Scott-Mliot, 8086 ! Mozaml). Dlst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, 6000 ft., Volkens, 758 ! Johnston, 96 ! Usambara, Hoist, 676b! 8333 ! 8911 ! Uluguru, Stuhlmann, 8875! 9240 ! Portuguese East Africa : Beira, Braga, 82 ! 84 ! The plants here taken as typical of this species are Schimper's Abyssinian specimens. The above citations of authors refer to the plant they meant, not to their synonymy, which is largely erroneous. In Schimper, 367, the leaves are not so long nor so oblique at the base as commonly in P. parviflora ; in Hoist, 8911 (Lindau's longifolia), the leaves are small 1-lf in. long. The present species might be treated as a var. of P. parviflora. 3. P. falcisepala, C. B. Clarke. Two anticous calyx- segments oblong-falcate, hispid-ciliate, black towards the base, their adjacent margins straight, very close together ; otherwise as P. parviflora. — Micranthus longifolius, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367 partly. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Don ! Smeathman ! Brown Sf Brotvn, 35 ! Scott- JElliot, 3993 ! Lagos : Yoruba, Millson, 127 ! Niger Territory : Nupe, Barter, 913, partly ! irile Iiand. Bongo: Gir, Schweinfurth, 14:22 I The two anticous sepals appear at first sight to be one segment of equal breadth with the posticous segment. 4. P. angolana, aS'. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 229. Leaves up to 4^ by 2 in., sparingly pubescent; petiole up to If in. long. Inflores- Phaylopsis.'] xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). 85 cences short-cylindric or ovoid ; lowest floral leaf orbicular, upper elongate elliptic-oblong. Two anticous calyx-segments ligulate-spathu- late ; otherwise as P. parvijlora. — Micranthus angolanus, 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 493. Ziower Guinea. Angola : Golungo Alto, WeUoitsch, 5146, 5175 ! Congo, Smith ! Biiitner, 455 ! This differs from the preceding species by the large leaves iind the narrower bracts to the spikes. 5. P. Poggei, C. B. Clarhe. Leaves up to 4 by If in., sparingly pubescent ; petiole up to If in. long. Inflorescences short-cylindric ; upper floral leaves elongate up to ^-| in. long. Posticous calyx- segment elliptic-oblong, tip triangular acute ; 2 anticous calyx-segments ligulate. Corolla-tube hardly J in. long ; otherwise as P. parvijlora — Micranthus Poggei, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 108, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 298. Phauloj^sis Poggei^ Lindau in Engl. ife Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zu ii.-iv. 305. Nile Iiand. British East Africa : East side of Lake Albert Nyanza, Scott-Ulliot, 8086 ! £ower Guinea. Lower Congo : Stanley Pool, 900 ft,, Sens, 52 ! Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Nyangwe, on the River Lualaba, Pogge, 9VS! Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, 5000 ft., Johnston, 102 ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Nyika Plateau, 6000-7000 ft., Whyte ! Songwe and Karonga, 1700-2000 ft., Whyte ! Mount Chiradzulu, 4000 ft., Whyte ! This species resembles P. angolana in the habit and large leaves ; it differs strikingly on account of the very leafy look of the inflorescences. 6. P. micropliylla, T. Anders. MS. Innovations and inflorescences hairy, stem and leaves soon glabrescent. Leaves all small, longest up to 1 in. long. Inflorescences ovoid, scarcely f in. in diam., many- flowered, obscurely strobilate ; floral leaves (except a few of the lowest) elliptic or oblong. Calyx : posticous segment oblong-elliptic, 2 anticous segments linear-oblong, slightly spathulate. Corolla \ in. long ; other- wise as P. parvijlora. — Micranthus microphyllus, 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 493. M. silvestris, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 107, and in Engl. ft. high (Engler), clothed with short white gland-tipped hairs and longer several-celled white hairs. Leaves Ij by l\ in., tip triangular apiculate ; petiole up to I in. long. Inflorescences laxly few-flowered in the upper part of the stem, about 1 in. in diam. with a few short sterile branches inter- spersed ; bracteoles f in. long, elliptic, subacute. Calyx J in. long, with simple suberect short hairs all over; two anticous segments connate j their length. Corolla dusky orange {Eiigler) ; tube J in. long, funnel- shaped upwards. Anthers mucronate at the base. Capsule \ in. long. — Pseudoharleria glutinosa, Engl, in Engl. Jahrb. x. 259 ; Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 63, t. 1, fig. 13, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 300. Xiower Guinea. German South West Africa : Hereroland ; Usakos, 2800 ft., Marlothy 1435 ! l-i. P. variabile, C. B. Clarke. Minutely puberulous and yellowish - green, or densely adpressed ashy-hairy all over. Leaves 1 by |-§ in., obtuse; petiole J in. long. Spikes rather lax, 0-10-flowered, with few short sterile branches, hardly spinous; bracts \ in. long, lanceolate, obtuse ; bracteoles | in. long. Sepals about as long as the bracteoles. Corolla-tube -J in. long ; anticous lobe of limb \ in. broad, nearly twice as wide as the others. — Pseudoharleria variahilis, Engl, in Engl. Jahrb. X. 259, var. included; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 300. Xiower Guinea. German South West Africa : Hereroland ; Usakos, 3000 ft., Marloth, 1242 ! 1242b ! Luderitz ! 15. P. canescensy C. B. Clarke. Small undershrub ; innovations densely strigose with minute simple white hairs. Leaves 2 by 1| in., nearly round, ultimately glabrescent, tip minutely triangular ; petiole up to 1 in. long. Inflorescence 2 in. in diam., compound, dense, many- flowered, near the base of a branch, with barren short branches inter- Fetalidium.] xcviii. acanthace^ (clarke). 93 spersed; bracts of barren branches linear, 1 by -^jj in., clothed with spreading white hairs ^ in. long ; bracteoles I in. long. Calyx ^ in. long; two anticous segments connate | their length. Corolla dusky blue {E7L(jler) ; tube f in. long, inflated in the upper part. Filaments minutely hairy ; anthers tailed. Disc large pyramidal. Style-branches linear, unequal. Capsule \ in. long. — Pseudobarleria canescenSj Engl, in Engl. Jahrb. x. 258 ; Lindau in Engl, (t Pi-antl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 300. Iiower Guinea. German South West Africa : Hereroland ; Karribib, 3200 ft., Marloth, 1429 ! Hykamkab, 1000 ft., Ilarlotk, 1199 ! Usakos, Lindner ! 16. P. Lepidagathis, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 227, 228. Glabrous (even innovations) except the inflorescences. Leaves 3|^ by J-1 in., lanceolate, tapering at both ends ; petiole up to 1 in. long. Inflores- cences on short axillary branches near the base of the branches, 2-1 by 1 in., dense, interspersed with very short sterile branches; bracts to sterile branches j-1 by Jg in. with spreading white hairs ^ in. long ; bracteoles hardly J in. long. Calyx ^ in. long, minutely hairy within and without ; two anticous segments connate nearly to the tip. Corolla red or brownish-red ; tube nearly J in. long, slender, a little dilated at the top ; limb hardly J in. in diam. Filaments glabrous except at the base ; anthers minutely tailed. Capsule scarcely ^ in. long, 2-seeded where seen — Pseudobarleria Lejndagathis, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 300 Iiower Guinea. Angola: Mossamedes, Welwitsch, 6007 1 5020! This remarkable species is so closely mimetic of the " radical-flowering '' species of Lepidagathis {L. radicalis, &c.) that an experienced collector might pass it for one. 17. P, cocciueum, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 225, 228. Stem round, stoutish; innovations softly hairy, a few hairs gland- bearing. Leaves up to 2 J by 2 in., ovate, obtuse, glabrescent, base obtuse or cordate ; petiole f in. long, hairy. Flowers 3-1 together, scattered ; bracteoles up to 1 by | in. (many only J by -| in.) Calyx : posticous segment nearly \ in. long, other segments \ in. long, 2 anticous connate for J their length. Corolla bright red ; tube exceeding 1 in. long, curved at the middle and much inflated above it ; lobes 5, subequal, § in. long, obovate. Filaments glabrous except at the base ; anthers linear, at the base muticous or with a hair. Ovary glabrous ; style sparsely hairy, branches linear, subequal. — Pseudobarleria cocc{?iea, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 299. Xiovrer Guinea. Angola : Mossamedes, Welwitsch,, 5017 ! 5018 ! Huilla, Antunes, 90 ! in thickets by the River Cuneue, Schinz, 10 ! Humbe, banks of the River Cunene, and Chiviqua, Newton ! Amboland : Ondonga, Schinz I Lindau esteems this species a I'seudoharleria, in doing which he abandons the only character (viz., the degree of union of 2 anticous calyx-segments) on which the genus Pseudobarleria stands. The analogy of the allied genera, Di/sc/iorisie, Ruellia, &c., warns us that the character need not be made generic. 04 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). [Blcpkaris. 25. BLEPHAKIS, Juss. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1089. Calyx sub-4-partite to the base ; 2 anticous segments connate nearly to the tip ; posticous segment lanceolate ii-nerved, usually longer than the anticous ; 2 interior segments narrow, long or short. Corolla : posticous lip 0, replaced by a horny rim ; anticous lip nearly flat, ^5-5- lobed, blueish, white, or fading to yellowish. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; anthers 1 -celled, narrow-oblong, muticous, fringed with white hairs near the slit ; filaments of 2 anticous stamens more flattened with rudiments of missing anther more developed ; pollen longish-ellipsoid, with a few very narrow longitudinal smooth chinks not reaching the poles. Ovary with 2-1 ovules in each cell, glabrous ; style glabrous (rarely with a few thin hairs below), branches 2, lanceolate ; at the apex of the ovary on the posticous face ,are 2 hollows filled with glands. Capsule ellipsoid, flattened, woody, shining-brown, 2- (rarely 4-) seeded ; seeds covered with rope-like hair-bundles, which on applying water unroll into very long 1-celled hairs each furnished with a spiral band within. — Harsh prickly, or smooth slender, undershrubs without stellate or gland-tipped hairs, except in B. pungens. Leaves (in all Tropical African species, except B. tetrasticha) by the adjacent pairs being drawn together appear- ing in whorls of 4, outer pair in each whorl often smaller, sometimes very much smaller, or reduced and almost resembling stipules. Spikes of flowers strobilate ; bract green, ovate or obovate, veined, nearly always spinous ; bracteoles 2 or 0, linear, rarely lanceolate, 1-nerved, acute ; in many spikes all the bracts except the highest sterile, so that these are commonly described as having solitary flowers. Species 50, nearly all African, many in South Africa, a few extending through Arabia and the Orient region to India. * Leaves not spinous on the margin (or with sometimes a few small spines, in 6. B. affinis, 14. B. linaricBfolia, and 15. B. Asteracanthtis). Bracteoles none. Every flower with 3-6 sterile bracts below it. (Note that the true flower-bract is next the two connate anticous calyx-segments. The bracteoles, when present, are lateral, thin- textured, except the midrib). One-flowered branches solitary. Leaves 1-2^ in. long, occasionally 4 in. long. Bract \-^ in. long. Bract spathulate or obovate, tip triangular obtuse . . . . . . \. B. hoerhaamcefolia. Bract broadly obovate tip lanceolate re- curved . . . . . . 2. B. pinguior. Bract \ in. long ; corolla more than 1 in. long 3. B. cuanzensis. Bract f in. long, elliptic-lanceolate . . b. B. glumacea. Leaves 4-7 in. long ; 1-flowered spikes pedicelled 4. B, hirtella. One-flowered branches approximated or in heads. Leaves linear ; inmost calyx-segments nearly as long as the others . . . . . 6. .B. affinis. Blepharis.] XCVIII. ACANTHACE-E (cLARKe). 95 Leaves linear-oblong ; inmost calyx-segments short ....... Bracteoles at least \ as long as the calyx, lanceolate, l-nerved. One-flowered branches solitary. Corolla \ in. long. Leaves not bristly. Herb. Leaves hairy or glabrate Dense woody undershrub. Leaves small, glabrate ...... Leaves scabrous with white stiff hairs Corolla 1 in. long One-flowered branches approximate or in heads or strobilate. Corolla blue. Spikes in loose heads. Two innermost calyx-segments short . Two innermost calyx-segments long . Spikes strobilate ; leaves linear, sometimes slightly toothed Spikes dense, compound, terminal ; flowers large Corolla clear yellow . . . . • ** Leaves prickly-spinous on the margins (see also 6. B. affinis, 14. B. linaricBfoUa, 15. B. Aster acanthus, in which the leaves are sometimes toothed). Leaves in each pseudo- verticil 4, heteromorphic, the outer pair (in the middle of the stem) often much reduced, appearing as spinous stipules. Leaves linear ; inflorescences of short heads . Leaves broad-elliptic ; inflorescences strobilate Leaves in decussate subequal pairs .... Leaves in each pseudo-verticil 4, not very unequal. Ovary (and fruit) with a large horny obversely mitriform cap ...... Ovary without a large cap. Inflorescences strobilate. Leaves with spreading teeth ; spikes close Leaves with forward-pointing teeth ; spikes looser .....•• One-flowered branches in dense scorpiod com- pound cymes ....•• One-flowered branches in numerous axillary sub- capitate clusters. Corolla shaggy Corolla slightly hairy . . . • • One-flowered branches solitary or 2-4 approxi- mated. Spines 1-2 in. long, linear, stout, woody, spinous ...... Spines i-| in. long. Leaves oblong-elliptic; 1-flowered branches mostly 2-4 together . . . • Leaves linear or linear oblong ; 1-flowered branches solitary . • • • One-flowered branches in dense heads 2-3 in. in diam • • 7. B. Bainesii. 8. B. molluginifolia. 10. B.fruticulosa. 9. B. setosa. 11. B. ruwenzoriensis. 12. B. pratptisis. 13. B. Welwitschii. 14. B. Unariafolia. 15. B. Aster acanthus. 16. B. Sol. 17. B. Buchneri. 18. B. chrysotricha. 19. B. tetrasticha. 20. B. ohmitrata, 21. B. edulis. 22. B. serrulata. 24. B. panduriformis. 25. B. acanthodioidet. 26. B. longifolia. 23. B. Noli-tne-tangere. 27. B. diversispina. 29. B. pungens. 28. B. grandis. 96 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (cLARKE). [BlepJmris. 1. B. boerhaaviaefolia, Pers. Syn. ii. 180. Procumbent, slender, hairy or nearly glabrate. Leaves apparently 4-nate in distant whorls, up to 4i by IJ in. (in Kirk's examples), commonly IJ by h in., frequently small, elliptic, narrowed at both ends, entire, sessile. One-flowered branches sessile, axillary, solitary or clustered ; bract (i.e., the true flower-bract in the axil of which the flower stands) \-\ in., spathulate or spathulate-obovate, rigid, with o strong green nerves, with 7-15 glochidiate spines (yV~iV i^- lo^^g) round its head ; bracteoles 0. Posti- cous calyx-segment f-J in. long, 2 inmost calyx-segments about half as long. Corolla },- in. long, or in form B ahyssinica, Hochst., |-1 in. long. Capsule \ in. long, or rather more, 2-seeded. — Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 26G ; Wight Ic. t. 458 ; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 481 ; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 150 ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 34 ; Solms Laub. in SchweiDf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 107, 243 ; Franch. Sert. Somal. 53 ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 478 ; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 230 ; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 345 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 381) ; Lindau in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. 31G, fig. 12G, B-H, in Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 361), and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. 75. B. ruhia'folia^ Schumach. Beskr. Gmn. PL 292. B. ahyssinica, Hochst. MS. in Schimper 247. B. Togodelia, Solms. Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 108, 243 ; Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost- Afr. C. 309. B. involucrata, Solms Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 107. Acanthus maderaspatensis, Linn. Sp. Plant, ed. ii. 892. Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot, 509 ! Sierra Leone, Afzelius ! Bon ! Scoit-Mliot, 4525 ! Guinea, Thonning ! Lagos, Millen, 50 ! Nile Iiand. Eritrea : Aidereso, 4000 ft., Schweinf urth Sf Eiva, 1431 ! Ginda, 3200 ft., Schweinfurth Sf Riva, 2130! Abyssinia: Haxnasen, Steudner, 1510! 1530! 1531! Tigre; Axum, Schimper, 1492! Adowa, Petit, 328! Mount Sholoda, Schimper, 247 ! Serriro, 800 ft., Schimper, 497 ! Teramne and Mount Sholoda, Eohlfs Sf Stecker ! Wadi Togodeie, Wirjenbery I Samen ; Jaja, Schimper, 352 ! and without precise locality, Tearce I Schimper, 159, 1895 I Somaliland, Mrs, Lort Phillips ! Miss Udith ^Cole ! Riva, 878 !' Kordofan, Rfundy 440 ! British East Africa : Bongo, Schiceinfurth, 21 \ 2700! 2761! "SI omh2i%9, Scott- Mliot, Q\24>\ Kirk! Ribe, Wakefield ! Taita ; Ndi Mountain, Hildebrandt, 2545 ! Maungu Mountain, 2000 ft., Johnston ! JtO'weT Guinea. Congo, Smith ! Angola : Huilla, Welwitsch, 5054 ! Loanda, Welwitsch, 5199 ! 5129 ! Ambriz, Monteiro ! IVIozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, Volkens, 517! Usambara Mascheua, Hoist, 8854! Kwa Mshuza, Hoist, 9130! Tanga, Hoist, 4100! Ugalla Kiver, Boehm, 277 ! and without precise locality, Fischer, 482 ! Portuguese East Africa : near Sena, Kirk ! Zambesi, Kirk ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Tanganyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ft. Whyte ! River Shire, Kirk! and without precise locality. Metier ! Lake Nyasa ; Lukoma (Likoma Island ?), Bellingham ! The Abyssinian examples (both of Schimper, Petit, and Steudner) have the flower much larger than in the ordinary weed, and are the B. abyssinica, Hochst. MS. Solms Laubach, in Schweinfurth's Beitr. Fl. Aethiopia, appears to have taken this as typical B. hoerhaaviafolia ; and then to have described as a new species his B. Togodelia which is undistinguishable from the Indian weed. Schweinfurth's 2761 has the bracts with recurved tips, the veins beautifully picked out with brown. Mepharis.] xcviii. acanthace^ (clarke). 97 2. B. pinguior, C. B. Clarke. Flower-bract h in. long, quadrate- ovate, suddenly narrowed into a narrow-lanceolate spinous tip which is rigidly recurved, adpressed to the back of the (apparently truncate) bract ; otherwise as B. boerhaavicefolia. IVIozaiub. I>lst. Nyasaland, Buchanan, 914 ! Stem white-hispid (as are some examples of B. hoerhaavicBfolla). One-flowered brandies thicker than those of B. hoerJiaavicefolia, the 2 inmost calyx-segments longer, the capsule larger. 3. B. cuanzensis, Welio. ex S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 280. Slender, hairy or nearly glabrate. , Leaves apparently -l-nate in distant whorls, up to P)J by J in. (or in var. leptophylla, 8. ]Moore, I.e., 3 by ■^^ in., exactly linear). One-flowered branches (reduced spikes) sessile, axillary, solitary ; bract | in. long, oblong-obovate ; bracteoles 0. Pos- ticous calyx-segment | in. long, 8-nerved ; 2 inmost segments lanceolate- linear, nearly as long as the 2 connate anticous segments. Corolla exceeding 1 in. in length, purple-blue. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 390. Iioiver Guinea. Angola : Pungo Andongo ; Cuanza River, WelwitscTi, 5101 ! Huilla, Welwitsch, 5030 ! 5053 ! 5056 ! Antunes /• Humpata, Neivton, 260 ! Closely allied to B. boerhaavicefolia, as S. Moore observes. 4. B. hirtella, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 28. Stem white-hirsute. Leaves 4 in a whorl, up to 7 by f in., lanceolate. One-flowered branches (reduced spikes) solitary, axillary, on peduncles 0 -f in. long. Posticous calyx-segment exceeding 1 in. in length, 2 inmost segments ^ in. long. Corolla exceeding 1 in. in length, bright blue. ZiO'wer Guinea. Angola ; Malange, Bnchner, 16a ! Closely allied to B. cuanzensis, as Lindau states. The leaves are much longer, Lindau says narrower, but they are not nearly so narrow as in B. cuayizensis, var. lepiophylla, S. Moore. 5. B, glumacea, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 232. Sparingly pubescent. Stem slender, flexuous. Leaves apparently in distant whorls of 4, outer pair very much smaller, up to 3 by \ in., narrowed at either end, sessile. One-flowered branches (reduced spikes) solitary, glabrous or with the calyx puberulous ; bract J in. long, elliptic-lanceolate ; bracteoles 0. Posticous calyx-segment -| in. long ; 2 inmost calyx- segments \ in. long. Corolla f in. long, bluish {S. Moore). — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 390 ; Lindau in Engl, ct Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 317. liower Guinea. Angola : Huilla, Welwitsch, 5052 ! 6. B. affinis, Lindau in Engl. Pfi. Ost-Afr. C. 3G9. Scabrous-pube- scent, becoming glabrous. Leaves in distant whorls of 4, 2 by yV~iV ^^•» linear, sessile, entire (or with a few teeth on the margin). One- flowered branches (reduced spikes) in small heads on short lateral branchlets ; bract J in. long, elliptic-lanceolate, acute, entire, hairy, spine-tipped; bracteoles 0. Posticous calyx-segment §-J in. long, very obtuse, spine-tipped ; 2 anticous calyx-segments connate § their length, 98 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). [Blepharis. spine-tipped; 2 inmost calyx-segments linear-lanceolate, spine-tipped, as long as the anticous segments. — Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 319. Mozamb. l>lat. German East Africa : Bagamoyo, StuUmann, 7259 ! Usuramo, Sluhhnann, 6671 ! 7. B. Bainesiiy *S'. Moore, MS. Branches hispid with white hairs. Leaves 2 by Jin., linear-oblong, entire, sessile, hispid with white hairs especially on the midrib beneath. One-flowered branches (reduced spikes) densely clustered ; sterile bracts and floral-leaves linear-lanceolate, spine- tipped, not spinous on the margins ; bract h by -^jj in., strongly 3-nerved, obtuse, without spines on the margin, with 1 strong subterminal spine ; bracteoles 0. Posticous calyx-segment J in. long ; 2 inmost calyx- segments J in. long. Tropical (t) Afl'lca. South African Gold Fields, Baines ! 8. B. moUuginifolia, Pers. Syn. ii. 180. Procumbent, slender, hairy or nearly glabrate. Leaves apparently 4-nate in distant whorls, up to 1 by J in., from narrow-elliptic to linear-oblong, narrowed at both ends, sessile. One-flowered branches (reduced spikes) sessile, axillary, solitary (rarely 2-3 approximated) ; bract J- J in. long, quadrate-obovate, strongly 3-nerved, with 7-15 spines, each yV-ro i^- ^^^S; round its triangular-obtuse head ; bracteoles J in. long, lanceolate, bristle-tipped. Posticous calyx-segment |-f in. long ; 2 inmost calyx-segments linear- lanceolate, nearly as long. Corolla J in. long. Capsule ^ in. long, 2- seeded. — Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 26G; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 500; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 479. B.saturejifolia, Pers. Syn. ii. 180; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 265; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 34 ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 317, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-A£r. C. 369. B. rupicola, Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 389. B. cuspidata, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. 76. Acanthus integrifolius, Linn. f. Suppl. 294. A, repens, Vahl, Symb. ii. 76. TTlle Iiand. Abyssinia ; ScUmper, 521 partly ! Somaliland : near Salole, 2200 ft., niva, 417 ! British East Africa : Ruwenzori, Scott-Mliot, 7534 ! Mozamb. Dlst. Zanzibar, ex Lindau. German East Africa, Fischer^ 328 ! Also in South Africa and India. This plant much resembles B. hoerhaaviist. British Central Africa : Urungu ; Fwambo, 5250 ft., Nutt ! 16. B. Sol, G. B. Clarke. Stem glabrate, with long trailing branches. Leaves in distant whorls of 4 ; inner pair up to 6 by \ in., lanceolate, subsessile, glabrous, entire, without spines. Inflorescence up to 7 in. in diam. ; floral-leaves 32, 3 by J in., spinous, pubescent, spreading radially, surrounding the lax compound short cyme of many one- flowered branches (reduced spikes). Flower-bracts linear-oblong, spinous, pubescent. Two outer calyx-segments exceeding | in. in length, lanceolate ; 2 inner | in. long, narrow-lanceolate. Qorolla 1 in. long, clear yellow, minutely and sparsely pubescent. Pistil glabrate ; 2 pits filled with glands at the style-base. Mozamb* I>l8t. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Tanganyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ft., Whyte ! Blephciris.] xcviii. acanthace.e (clarke). 101 17. B. Buchneri, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 30. Hairy or ultimately glabrate, except the inflorescence. Stem-leaves in distant whorls of 4, whereof the 'I inner are 2-5 by ^- J- in., linear or oblong, entire or with very few obscure teeth, 2 outer reduced, ^-1 in. long, ovate, lobed, with spines ^-\ in. long. Inflorescence 1-1 ^ in. in diam. ; flower-bract j in. long, spathulate-oblong, acute, more or less spinous towards the top ; bracteoles 0. Calyx -j in. long, 2 inmost segments linear-lanceolate, nearly as long as the others. Corolla 1 in. long, blue. — Lindau in Engl, tk Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 318. B. acan- thodioides, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 22{) partly, not of Klotzsch. liOiver Guinea. Angola : Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5061 ! 5080 ! 5096 ! 5112! 5174! 5219! Mechow, 109! Malange, Buchner, 92! Caringa River, W'el- ivitsch, 5163 ! Cambo River, Mechow, 547a ! South Central. Lunda : Lomani River, Pogge, 1217 ! IVZozamb. 301st. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Tanganyika Plateau, at Fort Hill, JVhyte ! 18. B. chrysotricha, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 32. Branches and innovations w4iite-hairy. Leaves in whorls of two very unequal pairs {Lindau), larger leaves 3 by If in., broad-elliptic, triangular at either end, mature scabrous, nearly glabrous, margin sparingly dentate ; petiole if in. long. Spikes 1|- by 1 in., on very short lateral branchlets, few- flowered, strobilate. Flower-bracts | by f in., obovate, obtuse, strongly 3-nerved, nearly glabrous, with very long teeth. Posticous sepal 1-1 J in. long, elliptic-oblong, nearly glabrous. Hairs of the anthers golden-brown. — Lindau in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 318, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370. XVXozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Usagara, StuJdmann, 199 ! The large leaf is detached, and the statement that the four leaves are in very unequal pairs cannot be verified. 19. B. tetrasticha, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 29. Branch IG in. long, undivided, terete, pubescent. Leaves (exactly decussate) in equidistant alternate pairs, 1 in. long, ovate, acuminate, spinous- margined, sessile. Flowers forming a loose quasi-terminal spike 2 by 1 in. ; flower-bracts 1 by J in., ovate, acuminate, long-spinous on the margin; bracteoles f-1 in. long, linear, softly hairy. Posticous calyx-segment 1 in. long, minutely hairy. Corolla \\ in. long. — Lindau in lEngl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 318. Ziower Guinea. Angola : Malange, Buchner, 6 ! Kuango River, Mec/iotc, 563! obmitrata, C. B. Clarke. Hairy or later glabrate. Leaves t whorls of 4, subsimilar, 1^—2 by J- J in., oblong or elliptic, 20. B, in apparent subsessile, margin regularly spinous-toothed. Inflorescences 1-3J by 1 in., strobilate, flower-bract 1-1^ in. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, rigid, spinous; bracteoles |-1 in. long, linear. Posticous calyx- segment J in. long ; 2 inmost calyx-segments J in. long. Corolla 1 in. 102 xcviii. ACANTHACE.E (clarke). [Blepkaris. long, blue. Ovary with a large obversely-mitriform horny cap below the 2 glands on the posticous style- base. R'? Ziower Guinea. Angola : Humbe, on the River Cunene, and Ganibos, Newton ! and without precise localit}', Johnston ! Also in South Africa. 21. B. edulis, Pers. Syn. ii. 180. Grey pubescent or nearly glabrate. Stem short, rigid, branched. Leaves in fours at the sterile nodes ; upper pair 2 by J in., oblong or narrow-elliptic, sessile, spinous- niargined ; lower pair smaller but similar. Inflorescences strobilate, up to 4 in. long, sometimes short; bracts 1-1 J in. long, ovate, acuminate, recurved, spinous, puberulous, more or less hairy on the nerves without when young ; bracteoles linear, \-\ in. long. Posticous calyx-segment J-§ in. long, broadly ovate, very hairy; 2 inmost calyx-segments \-\ in. long. Corolla | in. long or rather more, blue. Capsule \ in. long or rather more, 2-seeded. — T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 3G ; Zarb in Cat. Spec. Bot. Pfund, o2 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, iv. 520 : Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 128 ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 318, fig. 126, A; in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 309, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Boma vi. 70. Ruellia ciliaris, Linn. Mant. 89? E. persica, Burm. Fl. Ind. 135, t. 42, fig. 1. Acanthus edulis, Forsk. Fl. yEgypt.-Arab. 114. A. Delilii, Spreng. Syst. ii. 819. A. tetragonus, R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. Append. Ixv. Acanthodium spicatum, Delile, Fl. ^^gypt.97, t. 33, fig. 2 ; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 274; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 102, 242 ; Franch. Sert. Somal. 53; Beck in PauHt. Harar. 459. wile Xiand. Nubia : near Suakin, Schioeinfiirth, 67 ! Coastland, 0-4000 ft., Bent ! Schweinfurth, 349 ! between Koroskoand Berber, Kotschy, 341 ! Meroe (Assur), Speke Sf Grant ! Dongola, Ehrenberg I Kordofan, Kotschy, 33 ! Eritrea : near Saati, Schweinfurth S^ Riva, 491 ! Massowa, Hildehrandt, 723a ! Steudner 1 Keren, Steudner, 1525 ! Habab, 7000 ft., Hildehrandt, 458 ! Abyssinia : Valley of Dallul, Roth, 479 ! Airuri, Stecker, 31 ! and without precise locality. Salt I Schimper, 163 ! Somaliland : iiixravm (Bvava.), Sildebrandt, 1^161 Daua River, i2u"a, 1460 ! Harrar, Robecchi, 6 ! and without precise locality, Mrs. Lort-PhilUps ! Miss Edith Cole ! British East Africa : Sabaki River, Gregory ! Ukamba, Hildehrandt, 2613 ! IVIozaxnb. Slat. Kilimanjaro: Marangu, 3000 ft., Volkens, 556! The synonym Ruellia ciliaris, Linn., is doubtful ; Linnaus' description is too short. 22. B. serrulata, Ficalho d- Hiern in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 24. Leaves very spinous, with forward -pointing teeth. Spikes 3-10-flowered, smaller and looser than in B. edidis ; bracts \ in. long, densely short-hairy, nerves hirsute. Corolla J in. long, otherwise as B. edulis. — B. procumbens, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 35 partly. Acanthodium serrulaturn^ Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 275. A. diversisjnnuniy var. a, only Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 275. XiO\7er Guinea. Angola : Chella Mountains, Johnston ! Amboella ; Kuando River, at Ninda, Serpa Pinto. Mozamb. Blst. British Central Africa : Ngamiland ; Kwebe, Luyard, 85 ! Also in South Africa. Blepharis.] xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). 103 23. B. Noli-me-tangere, S. Moore in Journ. hot. 1880, 231. Small shrub, very prickly, nearly glabrous except calyx and corolla. Leaves in fours, up to 1^ by J in., oblong, spinous-margined. One- flowered branches (reduced spikes) mowstly solitary, sometimes 2-3 together; lowest floral-leaves (and leaves on axillary sterile shoots) reduced to simple or compound spines \-'l in. long ; bract 1 in. long, obovate, acuminate, spinous, puberulous or glabrescent ; bracteoles -|-1 in. long, linear. Posticous calyx-segment J in. long; -1 inmost calyx-segments \ in. long. Corolla 1 in. long. Capsule nearly \f in. long, 2-seeded. — Lindau in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 318. B. iwuinosa^ Engl, in Engl. Jahrb. x. 20O. ZiO\(rer Guinea. Angola : Mossaraedes, WelvoilHch, 5045 ! German South-west Africa : Hereroland, Usakos, 3000 It., Marloth, 1444 ! Omapiu, Schinz, 17 ! 24. B. paudurifonuis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 30. Shrubby, S-12 in. high, hairy, afterwards glabrate except the inflorescence. Leaves up to 2^ by \-\ in., linear or lanceolate, spinous-margined. Inflorescence of one-flowered branches (reduced spikes) crowded in a scorpioid manner, not strobilate ; floral-leaves 1-1 J by \-\ in., spinous- margined, pubescent ; flower-bract scarcely J in. long, oblong-elliptic, acute, spinous ; bracteoles J in. long, linear. Posticous calyx-segment J-1 in. long, ovate-oblong, somewhat widened again below the apex and then truncate, finely veined in the type example, more hairy (venation less prominent) in other specimens; 2 inmost calyx-segments ^-5 in. long. Corolla |-1 in. long. — Lindau in Engl, tt; Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 318, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 369. UTile Iiand. British East Africa : Mombasa, JFakefield ! Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Karagwe ; on dry hills, 4000-5000 ft., Scott- JElliot, 8190 ! Masai country, Fischer, 486 ! Uniamwezi ; Urambo, Hannington ! Irangi, Stuhlmann, 4226 ! 25. B. acanthodioides, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Afossamb. 212. Branches erect, frequently dividing, scabrous pubescent, ultimately glabrous. Leaves up to 3 by J in., lanceolate, sparingly spinous- margined, glabrate when mature. Inflorescence of many axillary clusters, each cluster of 2-() one-flowered branches (reduced spikes); outer floral-leaves 1-1 J by J in., rigid, lanceolate, with many marginal spines, nearly glabrous ; sterile bracts lanceolate, spinous, with many prominent white hairs at the top, almost obscuring the strong terminal spine ; flower-bract hardly | in. long, lanceolate, similar to the sterile bracts; bracteoles § in. long, linear. Calyx segments and bracteoles ended by a strong spinule, which is nearly concealed by tufts of long white hairs on the tips. Posticous segment (and anticous connate segments) | in. long, elliptic-lanceolate, acute; 2 inmost segments h in, long, linear. Corolla 1 in. long, or rather more, densely shaggy with- out by long white hairs. — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 36!) (aca7ithoides). IVIozaml). DIst. Portuguese East Africa : Rios de Sena, Peters ! Hritish Central Africa : Nyasaland, Buchanan^ 18 ! 104 xcviii. ACANTHACE.^ (clarke). [Blepharts. 2C. B. longifolia, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 32. Stem stout, permanently hairy or glabrate. Leaves up to 4-G by \-h' in., linear or oblong. Floral-leaves densely minutely grey strigose. Tips of calyx- segments spinous, without long white hairs. Corolla blue, very thinly hairy; otherwise as B. acanihodioides. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. W L. 818, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370. IVIozamb. Dist. German East Africa : East shore of Lake Tanganyika, Scott- Elliot, 8351! Unyamwezi; Oallo (Wala) Kwqt, Stuhlmann, ^S^\ British Central Africa : Nyasaland, Buchanan, 696 ! 27. B. diversispina, C. B. Clarke. Grey or fuscous pubescent, afterwards glabrate. Leaves apparently 4 in a whorl, subsimilar, IJ by h in., narrow elliptic, spinous-margined ; sterile shoots in their axils (as well as the lowest floral-leaves) reduced to simple spines -J-i in. long, passing upwards into compound spines and into floral leaves. One-flowered branches (reduced spikes) 2-^ together, axillary or themselves grouped into short ovoid spikes; flower-bract § by nearly J in., ovate, short-acuminate, spinous-margined, closely hairy without ; bracteoles linear, -| in. long. Posticous sepal J in. long; 2 inmost sepals \-h in. long, lanceolate. Corolla f in. long or rather more, blue. — B. procitmhens^ T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 35 p-^rtly. B. edidis, var., S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 229. Blepharis, sp. nova, B. edidi, Pers. afiinis, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 232. Acanthodium diver- sispinum, var. /), Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 275. Iiower Guinea. Angola : Mossamedes, Welwitsch, 5014 ! 5019 ! IMCozamb. Bist. British Central Africa : Rhodesia ; between Tamafopa and Yoruah Springs, Eoluh^ 1143 ! 1144 ! 1145 ! 1146 ! Also in South Africa. In this species and its allies the axillary sterile shoots, above the 4-whorled leaves, begin with simple spines (in place of leaves) and develop into the flower-spikes of the next season, at the foot of which these simple spines persist as the lowest floral-leaves. The very different group of Blepharis, wherein the lower jiair of each whorl of 4 stem- leaves is reduced to compound (or even simple) spines, has been confused herewith. 28. B. grandis, C. B. Clarke. Branches stout, glabrate. Leaves in distant whorls of 4 (outer pair rather shorter) up to 5J by 1 in., spinous-margined, glabrous; petiole i in. long. Heads of 1-flowered branches (reduced spikes) several, axillary and terminal, 2-3 in. in diam., globose, dense, softly hairy; bracts lanceolate, softly spinous; bracteoles ^ in, long, linear. Two outer calyx-segments J in. long, lanceolate ; 2 inner J in. long, narrow-lanceolate. Corolla \\ in. long, fine blue, shortly hairy within and without. Pistil glabrate ; 2 pits filled with glands at the style-base. AXozamb. l>lst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Tanganyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ft., Whifte ! Nyika Plateau, 6000-7000 ft., Whyte ! 125 ! .Kondowe and Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte ! 29. B. pungens, Klotzsch in Peters, Keise Mossamh. 211, t. 33. Branched suberect shrub, 1-3 ft. high, pubescent, afterwards glabrate. BlephaHs.] xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). 105 Leaves up to 2 by i in., spinous-margined, with many minute glandr tipped hairs. One-flowered branches (reduced spikes) axillary, solitary, scattered, and in the upper axils approximated ; flower-bract | in. long, narrow-elliptic or oblong, spinous-margined ; bracteoles 0, Calyx J in. long, minutely hairy, veins conspicuous ; 2 inmost segments | in. long, linear-lanceolate. Corolla 1 in. long or rather more. — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 3G9. B. Stuhlmanni, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 31, in Engl, t Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 318, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370. X^ozaxnb. Dlst. German East Africa : Manjansa Brook, Sfuhlmann, 678 ! Muansa, Sfuhlmann, 4596 ! Portuguese East Africa : Tete, Kirk ! Carvalho ! Ped'rs ! near Banga, Kirk, 286 ! Imperfectly known species. 30. B. Phillipseae, Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1897, 375. Woody, much-branched, canescent small shrub. Leaves apparently in false whorls of 4, 4 in. long, oblong or elliptic, obtuse, mucronate, not spinous, thick, minutely grey scabrid. One-flowered branches (reduced spikes) solitary, axillary; lower empty bracts about 8, decussate, up to § in. long, oblanceolate, tipped with 3-1 spines. Corolla \ in. long. xrile Kand. Somaliland : Bilien, 3Irs. Lort-Phillips ! If the bracteoles are 0, as may be inferred from Rendle's description, this species would be near B. boerhaavicefolia. 31. B. trinervis, Dewevre in Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxiii. 104 {name only). Leaf 1\ by J in., obovate-elliptic, obtuse, sessile, 3-nerved, spinous-margined, softly hairy. Flowers sessile, softly hairy ; bract f in. long, elliptic, acute, spinous, hairy. Corolla scarcely | in. long. South Central. Congo Free State : Upper Congo ; Katanga, Cornety Bussumba, Dewevre ! This may be any Blepharis. The species was founded on the above -described insufficient fragments, 2G. ACANTHUS, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1090. Calyx sub-4-partite to the base ; 2 anticous segments connate high up or quite to the tip ; posticous segment lanceolate or oblong, 3-nerved; 2 interior segments narrower. Corolla; posticous lip 0, represented by a thickened sinus at the level of insertion of the stamens ; anticous lip nearly flat, 3-5-lobed ; middle (anticous) segnient outside in bud. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; filaments glabrous ; anthers 1-celled, oblong, muticous, fringed with white hairs; pollen ellipscnd with 3 narrow longitudinal chinks. Ovary with 2-1 ovules in each cell, glabrous; style glabrous, except in A. eminens ; branches 2, subequal, short-lanceolate or very small. Capsule ellipsoid, woody, shining brown, 2- (rarely 4-) seeded ; seeds discoid, without hairs. — Shrubs or small trees. Leaves pinnatifid or entire, prickly or not. Flowers usually large, in long or short spikes ; bract ovate, spinous or unarmed, or 0 ; IOC xcviii. ACANTHACE.^ (clarke). [Aca'/ithus. bracteoles 2, ovate, spinous or unarmed, or linear, or 0. A genus very close to Blepharis, which is absolutely separated by the hairy seeds. Species 8 or 10, extending from South Europe and Africa to Malaya, Australia, and Polynesia. Bracts very spinous ; pollen oblong-ellipsoid ; seeds shining brown. Leaves spinous, lobed, often subpinnatifid. Anticous calyx-segment 1 in. long, with entire tip 1. A. arhoreus. Anticous calyx-segraent '^ in. long, shortly 2-lobed. Lobes of anticous calyx-segment short, rounded. 2. A. eminens. Lobes of anticous calyx-segment ending in short spines . . . . . . . 3. A. montanus. Leaves serrate, hardly lobed . . . . . 4:. A. Barteri. Leaves subentire. Leaves elongate, obovate-lanceolate . . . h. A. mayaccanus. Leaves elliptic, short acuminate. Anticous'calyx-segment nearly 1 in. long . 6. A. lafisepalus. Anticous calyx-segment -3-^ in, long , . ^ . A. Dusenii. Bracts not spinous on the margin ; pollen short- ellipsoid (subglobose) ; seeds corrugated . . . . S. A. iUcifolius. 1. A. arboreus, Forsk. Flor. /Egypt.- Arab. 115. Pubescent or glabrate, stout shrub '^-l\) ft. high. Leaves up to 12 by G in. (often only half this size), pinnatifid half-way down, or lobate with doubly spinous margin; petiole 0-J in. long. Spikes ?>-\, terminal, up to 6-10 by 2 in., often pubescent or hairy; bracts Ij by J in., ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, with many strong spines on the margin i in. long; bracteoles \\ by J in., spinous on the margins. Posticous calyx-segment exceeding 1 in. in length, lanceolate, 3-nerved, spine-tipped ; anticous calyx-segment exceeding 1 in. in length, lanceolate, 2-nerved ; 2 inmost calyx-segments J in. long, elliptic-lanceolate, mucronate. Corolla 1| in. long, rose or pale-purple. Capsule |- by J in. — T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 37 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 390 ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 319. A. arhoreus^ var. puhescens, T. Thorns, in Speke, Nile Append. 043 ; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 129, t. 8G. A. polystachius, Delile, Cent. PI. Afr. ^'2, t. 1, fig. 2. A. pubescens, Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 390 ; Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. 76. A. Gaed, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 33, and in Engl, ct Prantl, Pflan- zenfam. iv, 3 B. 319. Cheilopsis arborea, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 272. Ch. pohjstachja, Moq.-Tand. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 1, xxvii. 230; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 272 ; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 151 ; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 243. Ch. Steudneri, Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 243 in obs. Dilivaria ? polystackya, Endl. Gen. 703. Wile Ziand. Upper Senaar : Fazokl, Kotschy, 489 ! Abyssinia : Dembea ; Gondar, Stetidner, 1532 ! Begemeder ; near Gaf'at, Steudner, 1533 ! Schimper, 1534 ! Amora-Gettel, Schimper, 1535 ! and without precise locality, Flowden ! Somaliland : Coromma, Eiva, 621 ! between Alghe and Oi, Riva, 1265 ! Maid, 5000-6000 ft., Hildehrandt, 1399! British East Africa: Uganda, Wilson, 94! Stuhlmann,13hO \ Kavirondo ; Nandi llange, Scott-Elliot, 7057 ! Victoria Nyanza, Stuhlmann^ 895 ! Acanthics.] xcviii. acanthace.e (clarke). 107 Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Kirunga Volcano, north of Lake Kivu, COOO ft., Gofzen, 24 ! IVXozamb. Bist. German East Africa: Karagwe, 4500 ft., Sfuhlmann, 1764! Marara, Fischer, 488 ! Usui, SpeJce Sf Grant, 136 ! Also in Arabia. The measurements given in the above description are from Kotschy, 489, an unusually tine example, and the size of the leaves, calyx and Howers, runs down in other examples till we reach A. Gaed, Lindau, from 5000 ft. alt., where the dimensions are scarcely § those of Koischy, 489. As regards hairiness, the examples become usually glabrate except the inflorescence ; but in Steudner, 1532, the well-matured leaves are densely woolly beneath with several-celled white hairs, and have similar hairs scattered above. There are examples intermediate in hairiness between this example and the ordinary .4. arboreus; I cannot characterise even a variety here; the adjacent species are equally variable as to hairiness. 2. A. eminens, C. B. Clarke. Glabrate, C-8 ft. high. In- florescence pubescent. Leaves 10 by 4: in., pinnatifid, spinous, petiole hardly any. Spike 9 by '2h in. ; bracts scarcely 1 in. long, ovate, hardly acute, with several spines on the margin ; bracteoles \ in. long, subulate, not spinous. Calyx soft, not spinescent ; posticous segment li by nearly J in., broadly oblong, not lanceolate upwards ; anticous segment the same size and shape, 2-nerved, minutely emarginate at the tip ; 2 inmost segments f-J in. long, lanceolate. Corolla 2 in. long, purple {Scott- Elliot). Ovary large, with hemispheric cap ; style in the lower half densely short hairy. Nile I.and. British East Africa : Mau, 8000 ft., Scott-Mlioi, 6926 ! 3. A. montanuSy T. Anders. inJourn. Linn. Soc. vii. 37. Glabrous or hairy. Calyx |-1 in. long ; anticous segment with 2 spinous lanceolate lobes at the tip; otherwise nearly as A. arboreios. — Bot. Mag. t. 5516; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 232; Lindau in Ei^gl. (k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 319. A. caudatus, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 33, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 319. Cheilopsis moiitana, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 272 ; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 481. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : Kofiu Mountain, Scotf-Elliof, 4619 ! Lagos, Rowland! Millen, 101! 203! Yoruba, Millson, 17! Fernando Po : on mountains, Vogel, 239 ! 2000 ft., Mann, 639 ! Cameroons : Kio del Rey, Johnston I Victoria, Preuss, 1354 ! Barombi, Freuss, 487 ! Iiower Guinea. Princes Island, Barter, 20361 Gaboon: Munda ; Sibange Farm, Soyaux, 300 ! Biichholz .' Angola : Pungo Adongo, Wehcitsch, 5076 ! 5167 ! Cambo River, Mechow, 500 ! and without precise locality, Curror ! South Central. Lunda : Lulua River, Fogge, 313 ! 1004 ! Mozamb. I>lst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Masuku Plateau, 6500- 7000 ft., Whyte! This species, usually 3 ft. high, is very close to A. arboreus. The flowers and capsules are larger than in many examples of A. arboreus. In the type examples, the leaves are " caudate." As to hairiness, in Scott-Elliot, 4619, one inflorescence is very sparingly pubescent, in the other the bracts are conspicuously hirsute with many patent long white hairs. 108 xcviii. ACANTHACE.E (clarke). [Acuntkus. 4. A. Barteri, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 37. Leaves 8 by 3J in., broad-elliptic, short-acuminate at both ends, not at all lobed, margin rather remotely and regularly toothed ; teeth \ in. long, triangular mucronate ; otherwise as A. montanus. Upper Guinea. Lagos, Millen, 121 ! Lower Niger, Onitsa, Barter, 1300 ! 5. A. xnayaccanuSy Bilttn. in Verh. Ver. Brandenh. xxxii. [1890] 37. Shrub apparently subscandent, pubescent, afterwards glabrate. Leaves 10 by 3 in., narrowly obovate-lanceolate, acute, entire, sessile, with long tapering base. Spike 4 by 1^^ in.; bracts 1 in. long, ovate, with several long marginal spines ; bracteoles f in. long, subulate, not spinous. Calyx exceeding 1 in. in length, not spinous ; anticous segment 1 in. long, narrow-elliptic, prolonged into an oblong apical portion ; tip very shortly and bluntly 2-lobed ; 2 inmost segments broad- lanceolate, caudate, acuminate. Corolla 1;^ in. long. Soutb Central. Lunda : in thickets by the Kuaiigo River, near Kassongo, JBiittner, 355 ! G. A. latisepalus, C. B. Clarke. Nearly glabrous. Leaves up to 5 by 2\ in., elliptic, rather suddenly narrowed at either end ; margin undulate, hardly toothed; petiole f in. long. Spike 3 by 1 in» Bracts f by ^ ^^-f rhomboidal subovate, with several long marginal innocuous spines ; bracteoles | in. long, linear, without spines. Pos- ticous sepal 1 by nearly J in., oblong-quadrate, wide at the emarginate top, 3-nerved, beautifully veined ; 2 anticous sepals connate nearly f their length, ending in 2 lanceolate-subulate teeth. Corolla nearly 1 in. long, white, purple-veined {Bates). Capsule | in. long. Kower Guinea. Gaboon, Mfoa, Bates, 533 ! Nearly allied to A. mayaccanus, but the posticous sepal is \-^ in. wide at the top. 7. A^.TyxxsexLii^ C.B.Clarke. Shrub, nearly glabrous; innovations and axis of inflorescence minutely grey-hairy. Leaves 9J by 2J in., elliptic, acuminate at either end, entire margin undulate, thin, green ; primary nerves 19 pairs ; petiole 1 J in. long. Spike terminal, 5 by 1 in., 28-fiowered; bracts \ in. long, lanceolate, acuminate; bracteoles nearly J in. long, elliptic, obtuse. Calyx-segments 4, J in. long, sub- equal in length ; anticous segment elliptic, notched at the tip \-\ its length. Corolla-tube f in. long ; upper lip 0. Capsule f in. long, with 2 ellipsoid, flat, quite smooth seeds (Lindau). — Fseudoblephuris Ditseniiy Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 34, and in Engl, tk Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B.319. Upper Guinea. Cameroons, Busen, 348a ! 8. A. ilicifolius, Linn. Sp. Plant, ed. ii. 892. Shrub 1-5 ft. high, glabrous or very nearly so. Leaves 4-7 by 1-3 in., pinnatifid or lobed, spinous (scarcely spinous or quite entire leaves occur), nearly sessile. Spikes G by IJ in. ; bracts J in. long, ovate; bracteoles \ in. long, trian- gular-lanceolate. Calyx of 4 separate segments ; anticous (representing Acanthus.'] xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). 109 2 connate) and posticous nearly alike, J-§ by J in., round-ovate, many- nerved, glabrous, with papery margin ; 2 lateral inmost segments shorter, much narrowier, broad-lanceolate, subobtuse. Corolla 1:^-1 J in. long, blue. Capsule 1 by J in. ; seeds large, whit^, with close brain-like corrugations. — T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 36 ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 319 ; C. B. Clarke in Hook, f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 481. Dilivaria ilicifolia, Nees in Wall. PI. As. Rar. iii. 98, and in DC. Prod. xi. 268 ; Wight, Ic. t. 459. XM^ozamb. Slst. South>east Africa, ex Lindau. Also in South Africa, and extending into Southern Asia and Polynesia. 27. SCLEROCHITON, Harvey ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1090. Calyx large, divided to the base ; segments 5, not spinous, all of equal length, or the posticous larger. Corolla-limb of 5 segments on one side ; tube of moderate length, nearly entire or split on the posticous side down nearly to the level of insertion of the stamens, with acute sinus ; middle (anticous) segment entirely without in the bud. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; filaments glabrous; anthers exserted, 1 -celled, from short semicircular and glabrous to long oblong and hairy on the margins ; pollen globose or subquadrate (seen from the side, subtrigonous in section), with 3 narrow longitudinal chinks. Ovary with 2—1 ovules in each cell, glabrous ; style glabrous ; branches 2, subequal, short lanceolate. Capsule ellipsoid, woody, shining brown, 2-4-seeded ; seeds discoid, ridged, ridges scabrous, not hairy. — Shrubs, nearly glabrous. Leaves elliptic, narrowed at both ends, entire. Flowers in short spikes (in ^S'. nitidus in long spikes) ; bract ovate or 0 ; bracteoles 2, ovate, entire, shorter than calyx. Species 8, in Tropical and South Africa. A well-marked genus ; Crossandra is known at sight bj the included anthers and hy the calyx. S. nitidus approximates to Acanthus by the inflorescence and the hairy margin to the bracts, but on account of the calyx being in 5 separate pieces it is placed here. The pollen is very uniform throughout the species ; the side view is very square in S. harveyanus (the type and some other species), nearly circular in S. Vogelii and S. nitidus. Lindau lays stress, as a generic character, on the 3-rayed star at the pole \n Fseudohlepharis, Baillon ; in Sclerochiton Kirkii and S. Vogelii this polar star is well marked, but obscure or obsolete in other species. Calyx -segments nearly equal in length. Bracts glabrous. Calyx 1 in. long; leaves hardly petioled . . 1. S. KirJcii. Calyx 1^ in. long ; leaves distinctly petioled . . 2. S. Prev.ssii. Bracts hairy on the margin ; spike long . . .3.5. nitidus. Posticous calyx-segment longer than the others. Posticous calyx-segment obovate, obtuse . . . 4:. S. Boivini. Posticous calyx-segment elongate, lanceolate. Posticous calyx-segment -g- in. wide; internodes long . , • • . . . . 5. ist. Portuguese East Africa : Morambala Mountain, 2000 ft., Kir/c ! 2. S. Preussii, C. B. Clarke. Leaves up to 9 by 3| in., base tapering into the petiole ^-J in. long. Bract nearly 1 by |^ in., quadrate, shining ; bracteoles 1 by J-J in., quadrate-oblong. Calyx 1\ in. long (rather more in fruit), of 5 equally-long separate pieces; posticous segment nearly J in. broad, entire, shining, many-nerved ; others much narrower. Capsule f by J in. — Fsevdoblepharis Preussiif Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 34, and in Engl. ist. 'German East Africa : Usambara, Handei Mountains, Heinsen, 4 ! The locality, West Africa, given by Lindau is presumed an error. 5. S. Vogelii, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc, vii. 37. Nearly glabrous ; branches straight, terete, with long internodes. Leaves 4 by 1:| in., tapering at both ends; petiole hardly any. Spikes lj-2in. long, terminal on short lateral branches ; rhachis microscopically pubescent; bract J in. long, elliptic, acute; bracteoles J in. long, linear- lanceolate. Calyx 1-1 J in. long; segments 5, all linear-lanceolate; posticous segment longer than the others, tip entire. Corolla 1^ in. long. Anthers long, sparsely hairy. Capsule |^ by i in. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 31 G. Isacanthus Vogelii, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 279 ; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 481. Upper Guinea. Liberia : Cape Palmas, Vogel, 54 ! Ansell ! 6. S. Holstiiy C. B. Clarke. Branches woody, slender, crooked with approximate nodes. Posticous calyx-segment 1 J by J in. ; other- wise as aS'. Vogelii. — Pseudohlepharis Holstii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. XX. 35 ; in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 319, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370. XWozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Usambara ; Amboni, Holsf, 2885 ! Tanga, Heinsen, 149 ! It has been doubted whether this is specifically distinct from S. Vogelii. The habit of the almost gnarled slender branches is different, the posticous calyx-segment is twice as broad at least, and the habitat is remote. 7. S. scissisepalus, C. B. Clarke. Bracteoles J by i in., lanceo- late, aristate. Posticous calyx-segment ending in 2 lanceolate teetli, many-nerved ; other calyx -segments caudate-aristate. Anther-cells short-oblong, nearly glabrous ; pollen very shortly ellipsoid ; otherwise as S. Holstii. irile Ziand. British East Africa : Nyika country near Mombasa, Wakefield I The nodose crooked branches and inflorescence are altogether like those of S. Holstii ; the calyx is very minutely pubescent, as also the rhachis of the spike. There is only one good flower; but the bifid tip to the posticous calyx-segment is remarkable, and indicates an approximation to Crossandra. 8. S. obtusisepaluSy C. B. Clarke. Shrub, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves 4 J by U in., elliptic, base tapering, apex shortly caudate to 112 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). [^ScUrochiton. obtuse; petiole i in. long. Heads IJ in. in diam., about 8-flowered, lax ; pedicels ^V in. long, minutely pubescent ; bract at base of the pedicel \ in. long, ovate ; bracteoles (close to calyx) J in. long, elliptic acute. Posticous sepal exceeding | in. in length, tip oblong Jy in. wide, obtuse, toothed ; 2 anticous sepals |- in. long, lanceolate, acute, some- times with a lateral tooth ; 2 interior sepals nearly as the anticous. Corolla 1 in. long. Anthers broad-oblong, thinly hairy. XHozaml). X>i8t. British Central Africa ; Nyasaland ; Masuku Plateau, 6500- 7000 ft., Whyte, 267 ! 28. CROSSANDRA, Salisb. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1094. Calyx 5-partite to the base ; 2 anticous segments oblong, acute, 1-nerved ; posticous segments broader, 2-nerved, often 2-toothed ; 2 inmost segments lanceolate or linear. Corolla orange-yellow or light-red ; tube long linear, much longer than the limb ; limb of 5 segments, imbricate in bud, turned to one side in the expanded flower. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; filaments short, glabrous ; anthers 1-celled, included in the linear corolla-tube, oblong, muticous ; pollen oblong, usually narrow^- oblong, square-headed, with 3 (often very slender) longitudinal chinks. Ovary oblong, with 2 ovules in each cell, glabrous or scarcely hispid at the tip ; style glabrous or thinly hairy ; stigma dilated, obscurely 2-fid, more or less trumpet-mouthed. Capsule oblong-ellipsoid, usually 4-seeded; seeds covered with tufts of hairs or adpressed scales fringed with tufts of hairs each spirally thickened within and slightly hygroscopic. — Shrubs. Leaves entire. Flowers in strobilate, often long-peduncled spikes; bract large, ovate, pubescent or papery, subglabrous ; bracteoles linear or lanceolate, as long as the calyx (except in C. pungens). Species 14, African or Mascarene, 1 of these extending to India. In many genera of AcanthacecB, the two anticous calyx-segments are more or less connate, often nearly or quite to the tip, forming a 2-nerved, sometimes apparently simple segment. In Crossandra, in the posticous segment, the central nerve has died quite away, occasionally a trace near the base remains, while 2 lateral nerves are developed so that the tip of the segment is 2-spined or more or less 2-lohed ; its state might be compared to that of the palea in grasses ; and it so extraordinarily simulates the much more common connate 2-sepalous anticous calyx-segment that it is not strange that Bentham (in Gen. PI.) and Lindau in Engler's Pflanzenfam. have taken it for the anticous calyx-segment. * Bract herbaceous, ovate, short-acuminate, hairy at least on the margin. Bract with several subulate teeth on the margin. Spikes peduncled. Stem leafy ; corolla orange, tube ^ in. long . 1. C. GreenstocJcii. Stem short; corolla yellow, tube 1\ in. long . 2. C.fiaca. Spikes sessile. Leaves all close to the spike . . 3. C. stenostacTiya. Bract with a mucronate or spinous tip, but no long teeth on the margin. Spike nearly glabrous ; bract 3-1 -toothed . . 4. C. trideniata. Spike hairy. Crossandra.^ xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). ll:i Bract broad ovate, densely ciliate on the margin . 5. C. jyinu/ens. Bract lanceolate, with spreading white hairs . 6. C. -spinosa. Bract entire, pointed, hardly spine-tipped or inucronate. Branches elongate with many nodes and branchlets. Branches hairy ; bracts silky-hairy. Petioles up to i-1 in. long . . . . 7. C. niloiica. Leaves sessile 8. C. leikipiensis. Branches sparingly hairy ; bracts nearly glabrous 9. C. mucronata. Branches -^2 in. long ; peduncles very long. Bracts elliptic, short acuminate, plicate . . 10. C. suhacaulia. Bracts obovate-oblong, obtuse, not plicate . . 11. C. primuloidea. ** Bract papery, lanceolate, nearly glabrous. Leaf- base obtuse ; spike slender,, elongate . . 12. C. guineensis. Leaf- base spathulate; spike moderately dense . . 13. C. puberula. 1. C. Greenstockii, ^S*. Mooi^e in Journ. Bot. 1880, 37. Pube- scent. Stems 6-12 in. long, several from the short woody rootstock. Leaves 1-0 in. long, narrowly elliptic, tapering to the base. Peduncles 0-6 in. long; spikes 1-6 by|-l in., dense; bract f in. long, herbaceous, ovate, hairy, margins with several innocuous spinous teeth ; bracteoles linear, longer than the calyx. Posticous calyx-segment \ in. long, 2-nerved, tip with 2 spinous hairy teeth. Corolla red (*S'. Moore) ; tube J in. long ; segments J in. long. Anthers slightly hairy. Style glabrous, except a few hairs at the base. Capsule f by ^ in., 4-seeded ; seeds covered with tufts of white hairs, hardly scaly. — S. Moore in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. ?A ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 319, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370. nXozamb. I>lst. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 15 ! Manganja Hills, Metier ! Mount Mlanje, Whyte ! McClounie, 63 ! Scott. Elliot, 8635! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 76! 419! 590! 919 1387 ! Also in South Africa. The dried material appears to be tufts of Howermg shoots springing from woody stocks after fire. 2. C. flava, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4710. Pubescent. Stems 2-8 in. long. Leaves up to 8 by 1| in., narrowly elliptic, long- tapering at the base, often very coarsely undulate ; petiole up to J-1 J in. long. Peduncle 1-3 in. long; spike 1-2 by 1|- in., dense; bract 1 in. long, herbaceous, ovate, hairy, margins with several innocuous spinous teeth; bracteoles linear, longer than the calyx. Posticous calyx-segment .V in. long, 2-nerved, tip of 2 lanceolate hairy lobes. Corolla clear yellow ; tube 1-lJ in. l^^ng, very slender; segments J in. long. Style very thinly hairy. — Lindau in Engl. Sc Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 31i). Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : Sugarloaf Mountain, Whitfield ! Dun ! Lagoa, Millen, 122! Yoruba, Millson ! 3. C. stenostachya, 0. B. Clarke. Pubescent. Stem 12 in. long, simple, leafless below. Leaves in a te)ininal rosette up to ;") l)y ]}. in., 114 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). [Cvosscindra. narrowly obovate, obtuse; base tapering; petiole 0. Spike 3 in. long, sessile, very dense; bracts J in. long, subrhomboidal, spinous-ciliate on the margins upwards, white hairy; bracteoles rather less than J in. long, linear. Calyx-segments 5 ; posticons f in. long, lanceolate, 2-nerved, ending in 2 lanceolate hairy subspinescent points. Corolla yellow; tube more than ^ in. long, linear, altogether of Crossandra, but very slender. Anthers included in the corolla-tube, 1-celled; pollen twice as long as broad. — Sclei'ochitcm stenostachyus, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 27, and in Engl, ct Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 81G, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 309. Wile Ziand. British East Africa : Ukamba, Hildebrandt, 2720 ! The pollen as described by Lindau will not do for Sclerochiton. 4. C. tridentata, Lindau i7i Engl. Ffl. Ost-Afr. C. 370. Glabrous; innovations minutely pubescent. Stems 6 in. high. Leaves up to 6 by 1 J in., narrowly elliptic, tapering at both ends, tip obtuse ; petiole ^ in. long or U. Spike peduncled, ovoid, 1 J in. long ; bract | in. long, herbaceous, very sparsely hairy, ovate, tip lanceolate mucronate with sometimes a small mucro on each side ; bracteoles ianceolate-linear, longer than the calyx. Posticous calyx-segment nearly J in. long, broadly ovate, 2-nerved, tip with 2 subglabrous mucronate teeth. Corolla-tube § in. long. Anthers subglabrous; pollen oblong- ellipsoid, 3-ribbed- Style thinly hairy. — Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 320. nxozamb. X>ist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; above Useri, 6500 ft., Volkens, 1994 ! 5. C* "pun^enSy Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. XX. 'dG. Pubescent. Stem 6-12 in. high. Leaves up to 7 by 1 J in., narrowly elliptic, long-tapering and coarsely undulate at the base. Spikes 2-6 by | in., extremely dense ; bract I in. long, or rather more, broadly ovate, hairy, tip definitely spinous, margin hairy and scarcely spinous; bracteoles hardly J the length of the calyx, broadly lanceolate. Posticous calyx-segment i in. long, broadly ovate, 2-nerved; its tip emarginate, hairy, hardly toothed. Corolla-tube nearly 1 in. long ; lobes J in. long, appearing to have been pale red. Anthers slightly hairy; pollen oblong, 3-ribbed. Style glabrous.— Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370. Wile Iiand. British East Africa: Ribe, near Mombasa, Wakefield! Nyika country near Mombasa, Wakefield ! Mozamb. Dist. German East Alrica : Usambara ; Magila, Kirk! Tanga, Heinsen, 136 ! Duga, 300 ft., Hoist, 3215 ! 6. C. spinosa. Beck in Paulitschke, Ilarar, 4:b9,Jigs. 13, 14. White- hairy. Stems 1-3 in. long. Leaves 1 by J in., oblong-elliptic, obtuse, narrowed into a petiole -J in. long, densely and shortly hairy. Spikes 1 by I in., with many long white hairs ; bract | in. long, herbaceous, ovate-lanceolate, hairy, spine-tipped, margin not toothed ; bracteoles linear, longer than the calyx. Posticous calyx-segment J in. long, elliptic, 2-nerved, tip of 2 spinous hairy teeth. Corolla yellow; tube Crossandra.'] xcviii. acanthace^ (clarke). Ha J in. long ; lobes \ in. long or rather more. Anthers hairy ; pollen long-oblong. Style glabrous. — C. parvifolia, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. XX. 37, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 319. Nile Ziand. Somaliland : Y\.9.v!\v, PaulitschJce ; Maid, 5000-oOCO ft., Hilde- hrandt, 1404 ! and without precise locality, Mrs. Lort-Phillips. 7. C. nilotica, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 128, t. 85. Pubescent, 1-2 ft. high. Basal leaves 0 or small; branch -leaves up to 4 by IJ in., elliptic, much narrowed at both ends, tip obtuse, base decurrent ; petiole up to |-1 in. long. Peduncles 0-4 in. long ; spikes 1-2|- by |-1 in., rather dense; bract J-| in. long, obovate-elliptic, herbaceous, softly hairy, margin entire, tip triangular-pointed and not spinescent; bracteoles linear, J in. long. Posticous calyx-segment J-J in. long, elliptic-lanceolate, tip very narrow and with 2 hairy teeth. Corolla-tube |-f in. long, linear; lobes J in. long, obovate, brick-red or oraoge. Anthers hairy ; pollen long-oblong, very square-headed, 3-ribbed. Style glabrous. Capsule J in. long, narrowly elliptic, acute, 4-seeded. — Oliv. in James, Unknown Horn Afr. 321 ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 319, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370, at least partly. C. infundibuliformis, Franch. Sert. Somal. 50 (var. hrachystachys) \ Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 398; not of Salisb. C. hrachystachys, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 319. Crossandra sp., T. Thorns, in Speke, Nile Append. 643. Nile I.and. Britisli East Africa : Madi, Speke Sf Grant, 685 ! Leikipia, 6000- 8000 ft., Thomson ! Lake Rudolph, Donaldson Smith ! Dnruma, Hildebrandt, 2315! XVIozamb. Dlst. Kavala Islands in Lake Tanganyika, Carson, 34 ! German East Africa : Usinja ; Usui, Speke Sf Grant, 135 ! Usambara : Masheua, Hoht, 8815 ! Duga, Hoist, 3202a ! Portuguese East Africa : Keritnba Islands, Peters ! British Central Africa: Lake Moero, at Kalangwizi River, Carson, 14! Var. acuminata, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370 (at least partly). Tip of bracts more acute or microscopically mucronate. — Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Romavi. (1896) 76. Barleria rhyncocarpa, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. 204 ; Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 368. xrile Iiand. Eritrea: Mogod Valley, 4500 ft., Schtoeinfurth ^ Riva, 1567! Donkollo, near Ginda, 3000 ft., Schweinfurth, 303 ! Abyssinia : Wadi Woina, Itohlfs ^ Sfecker ! and witliout precise locality. Salt ! Steudner, 1513 ! Somaliland : Maid, 5000 ft., Hildehrandt, 858 ! 1400 ! Adda-Galla, James Sf Thntpp ! Golis Range, Mrs. Lort-Phillips ! Miss Edith Cole! and without precise locality, Keller, iy7! The above cited synonymy is imperfect. The typical Crossandra nilotica of Oliver is known in Berlin as C. hrachystachys, Lindau. 8. C. leikipiensis, Schweinf. in Hohnel, Zum RudolpJi-See u. Stephanie-See, Sonderahdr. 7. Branchlets woody, covered (as are the leaves) with minute grey simple hairs. Leaves IJ by A in., nanowed at both ends, hardly acute, subsessiJe, margin undulate and sometimes obscurely toothed. Peduncles 2-V) in. long; spikes 1 by ^ in., rather IIG xcviii. ACANTHACE.E (clarke). [Crossandra. lax, with many long white silky hairs. Bracts J by ^-J in., elliptic, with a long innocuous point, silky white-hairy; bracteoles J in, long, linear. Calyx J in. long, of 5 distinct sepals, all silky white-hairy at the tips; posticous 2-nerved, shortly 2-toothed. Corolla | in. long; lips rather large. Stamens and pollen of the genus ; filaments glabrous. Pistil glabrous. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 31)1; Lindau in Engl, ct Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 319, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370. Nile Iiand. British East Africa : Leikipia, 6000 ft., Hohnel, 75 ! 1>. C. mucronata, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 35. Very sparingly pubescent. Branches up to 10 in. long. Leaves up to 4 by H in., tapering at both ends; petiole 0-| in. long. Peduncles up to 2^ in. long ; spikes 1-4J by | in. ; bract f in. long, elliptic, entire, thinly hairy towards the margin, tip triangular and sometimes mucronate ; bracteoles J in. long, linear. Posticous calyx-segment \-\ in. long, ovate, acute, 2-nerved, tip 2-toothed. Corolla as of C. nilotica, but rather smaller. Anthers hairy ; pollen oblong, square-headed, 3-ribbed. Style nearly glabrous. — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370 ; Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 398. Wile Iiand. Somaliland : Sheik Husein, Donaldson Smith. British East Africa : east side of Lake Albert Edward, Scott-Mliot, 8091 ! Lake Victoria Nyanza, at Berkeley Bay, Scott -JElliot, 7105 ! Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Usambara ; Nyika country, Hoist, 571 ! 10. C. subacaulis, C. B. Clarke. Stem hardly any. Leaves crowded, basal, up to 6 by 2 in., narrowly obovate, obtuse ; petiole hardly any. Peduncles 0-5 in. long; spikes up to 4 in. long, usually much looser than in C. nilotica; bracts with 5-9 prominent subparallel nerves, almost plicate ; otherwise as C. nilotica. — G. nilotica^ var. OAiumiiiata, S. Moore ex Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 345 ; Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. 370 partly. Nile Iiand. British East Africa: Jur, Schweinpiirth, M2\)\ Bongo, Schioein- furth, 1447 ! 2213 ! Moru ; village of Wary Mary, Petherick ! Upper Nile, Freeman ^ Lucas, 76! Ukamba, Scott-Mliot, 6461.! Hildehrandt, 2716! Sabaki River, Gregory ! Nyika country, Gregory ! Lanjora, 2000 ft , Johnston ! Mozamb. Slst. German East Africa : Fischer, 253 I 481 ! Kilinianjiiro, 2000-5000 ft., Volkens,\md\ 2130! Johnston! Smith! Portuguese East Africa: Boror, Peters ! 11. C. primuloides, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 36. Innovations pubescent. Leaves 4 by 2 in., elliptic, tips rounded, very obtuse, base narrowed; margin obscurely undulate, crenate; upper surface with many minute round glands ; petiole 0. Peduncles 3-4 in. long ; spikes 1 J by f in.; bracts |rbyi in., obovate-oblong, very obtuse, softly pubescent, not plicate, nerves obscure. Calyx scarcely J in. long, hairy ; posticous sepal bifid at the tip. Corolla clear-red ; tube f in. long ; segments of limb J in. long. Zio-wer Guinea. Angola: Malange, ilfec^ow, 271 ! Crossandra.^ xcviii. acanthac^.e (clarke). 117 12. C. guineensis, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 281. Young parts densely short-hairy. Stems G in. long, simple, with 1 terminal spike. Leaves 5 by '2\ in., ovate, glabrescent, obtuse, margin undulate, base narrowed, suddenly contracted into the petiole ; petiole ^- J in. long, rusty-villous. Spike subsessile, up to 5 by \ in. ; bract J by \ in., lanceolate, minutely toothed towards the top, nearly glabrous ; bracteoles J in. long, linear. Calyx white {G. Mann) ; posticous segment \ in. long, elliptic-lanceolate, 2-nerved, glabrous, margin toothed, tip with 2 points. Corolla lilac or white ; tube § in. long ; lobes J in. long, obovate. Pollen narrow-oblong, square-headed, o-ribbed. Style glabrous, a few hairs at the apex of the ovary. Capsule \ in. long, broad-lanceolate, 4-seeded, glabrous, seed-bearing nearly from the base; seeds very strongly tubercled, without hairs. — Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 481 ; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 634G ; Lindau in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 819, and in Engl. PQ. Ost-Afr. C. 370. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Victoria, Preuss, 1349! Buchholz ! Barombi, Preuss, 371 ! 499 ! Bipindi, Zenker, 1054 ! Lolodorf, Statidi, 360 ' Yiiunde, Zenker ^ Staudt, 408 ! Fernando Po, 2000 ft., Mann, 50 ! ZiO^^er Guinea. Gaboon: Munda ; Sibange Farm, iSof/awx, 396 I ^[^03^, Bates, 546 ! Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1694 ! This plant has sometimes, when wild, beautifully white-veined leaves and browu- red bracts. 13. C. puberula, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Jfossamb. 214. Young parts pubescent. Branches G-15 in. long. Leaves up to G by 2 in., elliptic, glabrescent, margin entire or undulate, tip obtuse, base decurrent sometimes to the base of the petiole ; petiole 0-1 -^ in. long. Peduncles lateral, 0-9 in. long ; spike up to 4J by J in. ; bract J in. long, lanceolate, entire, glabrescent (bracteoles and calyx-segments with a linear scabrous mucro) ; bracteoles J in. long, oblong. Posticous calyx-segment J in. long, or rather more, ovate, 2-nerved, tip 2-toothed. Corolla-tube J in. long ; lobes J in. long. Pollen narrow- oblong, square- headed, 3-ribbed. Style very thinly hairy. Capsule J by J in., 4-seeded. — Lindau in Engl. &, Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 319, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370 ; C. pubescens, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. 213; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 310, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370. XMozamb. Bist. German East Africa: Dar-es-Salaain, Kirk.' Portuguese East Africa: Lower valley of the River Shire, Meller ! Morambala Mountain, Waller ! Lower Zambesi, at Boror, Peters ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Mount Malosa, 4000-6000 ft., Whyte ! Manganja Hills, Kirk! River Shire, Kirk! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 860 ! Var. ? Smithii, C. B. Clarke. Stem and leaves nearly glabrous. Leaves hardly exceeding 1 in. in length. Peduncles long ; heads 1^ by f in., laxly few-Howered. Bracts f by ^^ in., upper part triangular-lanceolate, obtuse or apiculate, texture herbaceous, 3-5-ribbed with few long hairs. Wile Xiand. East Tropical Africa, Donaldson Smith ! British East Africa : Leikipia, Gregory ! VOL. V. B 118 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). [CvossaTvira, Imjyerfectly known species. 14. C. parviflora, »S'chweinf. d- Volk. Liste PI. Soinal. 17. Wile Iiand. Somaliland : Salul torrent, Ohika. This species is not described, but is said to be C. parviflora, Lindau, I.e. This sliould mean, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. (1896) 72 ; but the species C. parviflora has not been found in that volume nor anywhere else. 21). CRABBEA, Harvey partly ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1092. Calyx-segments 5, acute, more or less unequal. Corolla J-J in. long ; lobes 5, subequal, in 2 lips ; anticous 3-lobed lip folded down over the other in bud. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; filaments subglabrous ; anthers of 2 mutieous oblong cells, one a little lower, sometimes one cell smaller or hardly any ; pollen globose, reticulate. Ovary glabrous ; ovules 4-2 in each cell ; style glabrous, articulated on the ovary ; one stigma a rhomboid short plate, the other nearly wanting. . Capsule small, nar- row-oblong, 8-4-seeded ; seeds discoid,covered with fine simple hygro- scopic hairs. — Low shrubs ; hairs simple, tawny. Inflorescence in dense axillary or peduncled heads ; unilateral racemes (or scorpioid cymes) twisted and rolled up ; bracts large, one fertile, one sterile, ovate or oblong, falcate, usually spine-toothed ; bracteoles 0. Species 6, in Tropical and South Africa. This genus has been arranged next Sarleria, solely because of the bracts and heads. The numerous ovules, the 5 separate sepals, and the globose reticulated pollen, show that its real affinity must be sought elsewhere. Secondary nerves of leaves obscure ; cystoliths conspicuous. Heads subsessile ; posticous sepal linear. Leaves pubescent on the nerves, otherwise scarcely hairy ........ 1. nana. Leaves hairy on both face?, specially the lower . 2. hirsuta. Heads peduncled ; posticous sepal elliptic-acuminate . 3. veluiina. Secondary nerves of leaves conspicuous on the lower face 4. reticulata. 1. C. nana, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 162. Root woody; branches 2-9 in. long, flexuous, fuscous, hairy. Leaves 4 by 1\ in., oblong-elliptic, when mature scabrid hairy on the nerves beneath, otherwise glabres- cent, cystoliths prominent on the upper face, tip rounded, margin hardly wavy-crenate, base narrowed ; petiole 0-J in. long. Heads axillary, 1-2 in. in diam. ; outer floral leaves Ij by h in., acute, glabrescent, shining, spinous teeth | in. long; fertile bract | in. long, oblong, falcate. Calyx § in. long, of 5 pale hairy linear subequal sepals. Corolla J in. long. Capsule J in. long. — T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 32 ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 313. C. drsioidea, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 1G3. C. ovalifolia, Ficalho A: Hiern in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 24, t. 6, fig. A. Ruellia nana and R. cirsioides, Nees in Linnaea, xv. 354, 355. Mozamb. Bist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Manganja Hills, Kirk ! Zambesi head- waters, Serpa Pinto. Also in South Africa. Crabbea.] xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). 119 2. C. hirsuta, Harvey iii Hook. London Journ. Bot. i. (l^iii^) 27. Mature leaves hairy on the lower surface. Heads sessile or nearly so ; outermost floral-leaves hairy. Postieous sepal 'I by J in. ; anticous each I ^y tV ^"' ' lEiner two I by ^^ in. — Nees in DC. Prod. xi. Ui8 ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 32 ; Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. f)o, t. 1, tig. 2d>, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 313, and var. somalensis in Ann. Istit, Bot. Roma vi. (181)('») 71. Wile Xiand. Somaliland : Burgi, Riva, 1347 ! Tills species differs very little from C. nana. The Somali specimen is said by Lindau to differ from the Cape type by having the "bracts less acuminate, more gliibrate" ; but 1 see no "varietal" difference even. 3. C. velutina, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1894, 135. Branches 2-6 in. long, hairy. Leaves up to 9 by 2 in., oblong-elliptic, hairs on the upper surface scattered, on the lower chiefly along the nerves, cystoliths obscure above but conspicuous beneath, tip subobtuse, margin minutely crenulate, base long tapering ; petiole J-1 in. long. Heads 1-H in. in diam. ; peduncles \-\h, in. long; outer floral-leaves 1 in. long, shining, glabrescent, with margined teeth \-}y in. long. Calyx J in. long ; postieous sepal elliptic-lanceolate, more than twice as broad as the others. Corolla white {Lugard). Capsule J in. long, slender ; otherwise nearly as C. nana. — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 308. Srile Ziand, British East Africa : Mombasa, Taylor ! Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa: Shamo, near the mouth of the River ^h\Te, Kirk ! Lower Zambesi; Lupata, Kirk! British Central Africa: Nyasaland. Buchanan, 906! Ngamiland ; Kwebe, Lugard, 131 ! 4. C. reticulata, C. B. Clarke. Leaves up to 4 by 1 in., narrow oblong-elliptic, hairy on both surfaces, cystoliths obscure, secondary veins prominent on the lower face, margin minutely crenulate, tip subobtuse, base long attenuate ; petiole 0-J in. long. Heads |-1 J in. in diam. ; peduncles \-^h in. long; outer floral-leaves up to 1 in. long, pubescent, marginal spines ^-\ in. long. Calyx scarcely J in. long ; postieous sepal lanceolate, nearly tmce as wide as the others. Corolla f in. long, white. •Kile I.and. British East Africa : Ukamba, 4000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 2309 ! Mozamb. 3>lst. German East Africa: Karagwe, 4000-5000 ft., Scott- miiot, 8147 ! 30. THOMANDERSIA, Baill. Hist. PI. x. 456. Calyx-tube ^-\ in. long, wide-cylindric ; lobes 5, subequal, ovate. Corolla I in. long ; tube J in. long, 2-Upped ; anticous :^-lobed lip longer, folded down over the other in the bud. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; anthers of 2 muticous oblong cells at equal height; pollen subglobose, smooth, with 6 slender longitudinal depressions. Ovary and style glabrous ; stigma of 2 short unequal branches ; ovules 2 in each cell, superpo.^ed. Capsule globose-ellipsoid, compressed, very woody, 2-seeded, sometimes 120 xcviii. ACANTHACE.E (clarke). [ThomaiuUrsia . oVjovoid, 4-seeded (? perfectly). — Shrub. Leaves entire. Inflorescence in very long narrow thin axillary racemes; bract minute; bracteoles 0. — Scijtauthus, Benth. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1093. Species 1, eiideinic. 1. T. laurifolia, Baill. Hist. PI. x. 4.')(;. Shrub, 8-15 ft. high; young parts and inflorescence densely and minutely pubescent. Leaves up to 7 by ?) in. (usually half this size), elliptic or obovate, shortly acuminate, obtuse, when mature glabrous, shining ; petiole ^-1 in. long. Racemes 9 by | in., many- (often 7)0-) flowered ; pedicels -}jy-\ in. long; bracts ^V "i- long, lanceolate. Corolla pubescent without, white or with red-purple marks. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ?) B. 325, tig. 1 1 1, L. a, ^ (not correct). Scytanthus laurifolius, T. Anders, ex Benth. in Benth. k Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1093, and in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 1209; Buttn. in Verb. Ver. Brandenb. xxxii. (1891) 43. Upper Guinea.' Old Calabar River, Mann, 2321 ! Kalbreyer, 204 ! Cameroons : Bipinde, Zenker, 989 ! Batanga, Bates, 324 ! Lolodorf, Staudt, 417 ! 553 ! Barombi, Preuss, 13 I 339 ! Cameroon River, Mann, 718 ! 2207 ! lao-wer Guinea. Gaboon : Munda ; Sibantre Farm, Soi/aux, 227 ! 372 ! Gaboon River, Mann ! and without precise locality, Biittner, 352 ! 451 ! South Central. Congo Free State ; Bangala, on the Congo, 900-1000 ft., Hens, 113! Tlje Hgure of the pollen by Lindau above cited, showing it to be a thin disc, is (it is siibu-itted) erroneous. 31. LEPIDAG-ATHIS, Willd. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1101. Sepals 5, nearly or quite distinct (in L. calycimi^ 2 anticous united less than J the way up) ; posticous sepal usually much wider, often longer, often pointed or subspinescent. Corolla |-1 in. in total length, conspicuously 2-lipped ; tube inflated in the upper part, often with dense strong deflexed hairs at the top of the cylindric portion ; posticous lip ovate-oblong, emarginate, inside in the bud. Stamens 4 ; anther- cells on posticous stamens 2 in typical part of genus (except by accident, though often narrower than the anthers of the anticous stamens) ; in sect. Neuracanthopsis the anthers of posticous stamens are 1 -celled; anthers oblong, often acute (or with mucro) at the base, one inserted lower than the other; pollen ellipsoid, or short ellipsoid, with 3 narrow longitudinal depressions and pores, surface reticulated very shallowly, or in places merely granulated. Ovary with 2-1 ovules in each cell, often slightly hairy at the top ; style long, glabrous or with scattered hairs in the lower part; stigma short, oblong or elliptic. Capsule \ in. long or less, ovoid, 2-seeded, or narrow ellipsoid and 4-seeded. Seeds densely hairy all over; hairs tufted, sometimes spirally marked within or single, more or less hygroscopic. — Under-shrubs. Leaves entire in the African species. Inflorescences hairy, often densely so, not infrequently more or less spinescent, densely compounded of small scorpioid cymes, capitate or subcylindric ; bract elliptic or oblong ; bracteoles 0. Lepulagathis.] XCVIII. ACANTHACE^ (cLARKE). 121 Species 80, in the hotter parts of tlie world, 'liereof only 8 in America. This genus is by Bentham (Gen. PI. ii. 1068), by Lindau (Engl. & Prantl, I.e. 312), and by other authors, specially diagnosed by having all the anthers 2-celled, by which it is distinguished from Neuracanthus and other closely allied genera. I find the posticous stamens throughout the sect. Neuracanthopsis (the species of which are placed in Lepidagathis by Bentham and Lindau) to have 1-celled anthers. Lepidofjathis is nevertheless well separated naturally from Neuracanthus by its 2-lipped corolla, and is easily separated in dried specimens by its 5-sepalous calyx. * Eu-Lepidaqathis. — Posticous stamens with 2-celled anthers. Inflorescence terminal. Leaves elliptic -lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate . . 1. Z. scaHosa. Leaves narrowly linear ... . . 2. Z. angusU folia. Inflorescence of dense heads near the crown of the root ; the elongated leafy branches without flowers, or rarely with a small axillary head. Leaves hairy above and on the nerves beneath, 2 by L. radicalis. L. Schweinfurthii L. ampliaia. L. Fischeri. L. anohrya. Leaves when mature very slightly hairy. Leaves 4 by i-^ in 4, Leaves 1^ by \ in., shining, rather wider above the middle 5 Leaves glabrous, at least when mature. Leaves 2 by i in. 6 Leaves 7 by i iu, . , . , . ,7 Inflorescence of several axillary heads towards the middle or upper part of the stems. (Inflorescences near the base have been seen in one example of L. myrtifolia and in one example of L. mollis.) Inflorescence in short globose or ovoid heads. Mature leaves glabrate (in L. lanaioglahra the uppermost leaves very hairy : see L. lanato- glahra, var.). Leaves 1 by i in. ; branches flexuous . . 8. i. myrtifolia. Leaves linear. Sepals without a fringe of white hairs on the shoulders. Leaves hardly 2 in. long. Sepals \ in. long, softly white-hairy at the tip ..... Sepals \ in. long, bristle-tipped Sepals 1 in. long. .... Leaves 3 in. long ; inflorescence nearly glabrous ...... Sepals with a fringe of white hairs on the shoulders ...... Mature leaves hairy at least beneath. Heads scattered often in the lower part of the stems ....... Heads in opposite axils Heads scattered, mostly in the upper axils, shaggy white ....... 16. L. andersoniana. Inflorescence of oblong erect dense one-sided spikes. Floral leaves with recurved tails; sepals not tailed . . . . . . . 17. L. heudelotxana. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. L. sparsiceps. L. lanaioglahra. L. longisepala. L. perglahra. L. Jimhriata. L. mollis. L. di versa. 122 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). [Lepidugathis. Floral leaves without (or with very short erect) tails . . . . . . . . 18. i. })eninilifera. Flortil U'iives and sepals with long recurved tails . 19. L. Medusae. *^Netji{acanthopsis. — Posticous stamens with usually 1-celled antliers. (Slender plants; floral leaves not uniseriate except somewhat in L. pallescens.) Heads strobilate ; floral leaves imbri(;ate. Leaves narrow-oblong ; floral leavt-s somewhat 1-seriate ....... 20. L. pallescens. Leaves elliptic ; floral leaves imbricate on all sides . . . . . . . . 21. Z. calycina. Heads with narrower floral leaves, not strobilate. Leaves often 2 in. or more. Sepals with minute hairs, many gland-lipped. Spikes axillary and terminal . . .22. L. plandulom. Spikes all terminal 23. L. higuroidea. Sepals with spreading white hairs, none gland- tipped ....... 25. L. scabra. Leaves at most 1 by :i- in 24. i. hyssopifolia. 1. L. scariosa, Nees in Wall. PI. As. Ear. iii. 95. Young parts stellate-hairy. Leaves 2 by § in., elliptic or subovate, narrowed at either end, when mature minutely hairy above, grey tomentose beneath, feather- nerved, primary nerves raised on the under surface ; petiole 0-J^^ in. long. Heads terminal, ovoid, up to l-lj in. in diam., innocuously prickly. Posticous sepal \-\ by iV~i "^-^ with many soft white and some gland-tipped hairs. Corolla |-1 in. in total length. Posticous stamens with the anthers 2-celled but much narrower than those of the anticous stamens. Ovary hairy at the top. Capsule J in. long, 4-seeded. — Nees in JDC. Prod. xi. 251 ; Wight, Ic. t. 457; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 520; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 313, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 368, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. (1890) 70. L. termiiialis, Nees in DC. Prod, xi. 251 ; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 146 ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 33 ; Zarb, Cat. Spec. Bot. Pfund, 32. Volkensiophyton neura- caiithoides, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 27, and in Engl. &. Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 315, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 369. Nile I.and. Kordofan, Pfund, 307 ! 402 ! 428 ! Upper Senaar : Fazokl, Kotschy, 482 ! Eritrea : Ginda, 3000 ft., Schweinfiirth Sf Miva, 2140 ! Abyssinia : below Sessaquilla, Schimper, 8151 Togodele, Steudner, 1862! and without precise locality, Schimper, Q'62\ 1920! Somaliland : Ahl Mountains, 5000-6000 ft., IHlde- hrandt,^hQ\ Ogaden, jRira, 290 ! 797! British East Africa : Taita ; Ndara Mountain, 2000 ft., Hildebrandt, 2459 ! Mozaznb. Blst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro ; Lake Chala, Volkens, 318! In Volkens, 318, type of Volkensiophyton, Lindau, I find the calyx of 5 segments (not 4 as given by Lindau) and tlie 2 posticous anthers 2-celled (not l-c^Ued as given by Lindau). The pollen is said in Lepidagathis to be hor.eycombed (which is not said of the pollen of Volkensiophyton) ; but the pollen is really the same ; the reticidation of the extine in Lepidagathis is exceedingly shallow, and in places broken up and passing over into mere granulation. Lepidagathis.] xcviii. acantuace^ (clarke). 123 2. L. angustifolia, C. B. Clarke. Stellately tawny tomentose. Branches woody, very slender. Leaves lJ-2 by y\ in. Inflorescence terminal, 1 by |^ in., ovoid-oblong, softly hairy, not spinous. Sepals 5 ; posticous ^ by yV in., softly hairy. Corolla f by J in., altogether as of Lepidagathis. Posticous stamens with 2-celled anthers (narrower than those of the anticous stamens). Ovules and pollen of the genus. Tmovrer Guinea. Angola : Cunene River, Johnston ! 3. Ij. radicalis, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 255. Branches pubescent. Leaves up to 2 by J ii)., sessile, subobtuse at both ends, hardly 3-nerved ; primary lateral nerves raised beneath, prominent, hairy ; upper surface hairy and with transverse cystoliths. Inflorescence radical up to 2-3 in. in diam., of several softly hairy heads. Posticous sepal nearly f by ^ in., broadly lanceolate, softly white-hairy. Corolla ^f in. long, appearing when dried yellow with purple palatal spots (as is common in the genus). Posticous stamens with 2 anthers ; pollen rather long, ellipsoidal, very imperfectly reticulated. Ovary hairy in the upper half. — A.Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 148 ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 33 ; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 244 ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 313, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 368. Russegera collina, Endl. Iconogr. t. 94. ITile Iiand, Eritrea: Hamasen, Steudner, 1528! Abyssinia: near Adowa, Sckimper, 1072 ! near Axum, Schimper, 1525 ! Wodjerat, Petit ! Steudner, 1528, agrees closely with Schimper's collections, and is the plant above described. The Wodjerat plant has narrower, more glabrous leaves, approaching much L. Fischeri at first aspect, but the leaves are not 3-nerved. 4. Ij. Schweinfurthii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 16. Leaves up to 4J by \-\ in., sparingly hairy, sub-3-nerved ; marginal nerve continuous nearly to the tip ; primary lateral nerves slender. Pollen short-ellipsoid ; otherwise as L. radicalis. — Lindau in Engl. 6: Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 313. wile I.and. British East Africa : Jur ; Jur Ghattas, Schweinfurth, 2339 ! 5. L. axnpliata, C. B. Clarke. Leaves 1 J by J in., very slightly hairy, not 3-nerved, widened above the middle, lower elongate-obovate ; otherwise as L. scariosa. wile Xiand. British East Africa : Kavirondo, Scott-Elliot, 7072 ! This plant is very near the two preceding. It hardly difters from some examples of L. hamiltoniana. Wall, (from British India), except in that the leaves are more shining. 6. Ii. Fischeri, C. B. Clarke. Sterile branches long, slender, glabrous. Leaves 2 by J in., glabrous, 3-nerved. Inflorescences 2-3 in. in diam., dense, of many heads, near the top of the creeping stem (it creeps 4 in. with nodes only J in. apart). Posticous sepal h in. long, woolly, straight in fruit. Otherwise as L. radicalis. XMrozam'b. Sist. German East Africa: Unyamwezi ; I'suri. Fischer, •i90 ! 124 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). [Lepidagathis. 7. la. anobrya, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 255. Leaves up to 7 by ^ in., glabrate, ^^-nerved. Inflorescence of several radical heads (one head seen in an axil ^ way up a branch), prickly; bract J-J in., narrow- lanceolate, sparsely hairy. Sepals 5, with soft white hair or nearly glabrate ; posticous sepal | in. or more long, elliptic, suddenly narrowed into a straight linear point ; two anticous sepals with lamina | in. broad- obovate, suddenly narrowed into a falcate subreflexed linear point. Capsule scarcely ^ in. long, 2-seeded. — Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 480 ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 33. Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot, 204 ! 8. L. myrtifolia, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1S80, 38. Stems 2-3 ft. high, flexuous, creeping, slender, pubescent (apparently applied to a rock or tree, rooting, and flowering chiefly in the axils immediately above the attachment). Leaves 1 by ^ in., elliptic, triangular-pointed apicu- late, nearly sessile, when mature nearly glabrous shining, not 3-nerved ; cystoliths obscure. Inflorescences radical and scattered, of dense small ovoid heads f in. in diam., softly white-hairy, hardly prickly; bract ^ in. loDg, lanceolate, acuminate, white-hairy. Sepals 5, J-| in. long, acuminate, acute, softly white-hairy, and v/ith some gland-tipped hairs ; posticous sepal Y^~i ^°- ^^'oad, oblong-lanceolate. Corolla | in. long. Pollen ellipsoid with 3 longitudinal depressions and 3 pores ; the inter- mediate surface granular, scarcely obsoletely reticulate. Ovule 1 in each cell, fide S. Moore. wile Ziand. British East Africa : Jur ; Gir, Schweinfurth, 2493 ! Bentham observes (in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1101) that, though in one plant of this genus the cells of the ovary are 1-ovulate, he found a minute rudimentary second ovule. This occurs frequently in Barleria, In these gentra, which have 4-seeded and 2-8eeded species, little weight can be attached to the character " ovary- cells 2-ovulate, or 1-ovulate, or 1-ovulate with a more or less rudimentary lower ovule added." 0. I*. sparsicepSy C. B. Clarke. Branches and mature leaves nearly glabrous. Leaves 2\ by ■y^-\ in., 3-nerved, with transverse cystoliths on the upper surtace. Heads up to J in. long and broad, obconoid, 1 (more rarely 2-3) axillary, scattered nearly the whole length of the branches (no basal heads seen). Calyx and corolla nearly as of L. radicalis, linear tips of the sepals rather longer with very much soft white hair. Pollen ellipsoidal, with 3 longitudinal depressions and pores, scarcely reticulated. Mozamb. Sist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Tanganyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ft., Whyte! Nyika Plateau, 6000-7000 ft., Whyte ! Manganja Hills, 2000 ft.. Kirk ! This plant, in its glabrous linear 3-nerved leaves, is very near L. Schweinfurthii ; the scattered more hairy white heads differ. 10. La. lanatoglabra, C. B. Clarke. Tips of barren branches and uppermost leaves white-woolly, other leaves nearly glabrous. Leaves 2\ by yV~T ^^-i 3-nerved, with transverse cystoliths on the upper Lepidayathis.] xcviii. acanthace^ (clarke). 125 surface ; leaves J in. wide occur in some examples, and the uppermost woolly leaves are always wider, sometimes elliptic-lanceolate. Heads many, axillary, scattered throughout the middle of the branches, up to 1^ in. long and broad, obconoid. Sepals 5, J in. long, ending in bristles ^ in. long and upwards, without long white hairs ; otherwise as L. spai'siceps. MCozamb. Dtst> British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Tanganyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ft.. TFhi/fe ! North Nyasa, 1700-2000 ft., Whyte ! Kondowe to Kaionga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte! Var. latifolia, C. B. Clarke. Stems hairy to the base. Leaves all hairy, broader, up to \\ by 3 in., subsessile, rounded at the base, 3-nerved or some 5-nerved. Xlfozaiub< Dlst. British Central Africa: Nyasalaml ; Tanganyika Plateau at Fort Hill, 3500-4000 ft., Whyte ! 11. L. longisepala, C. B. Clarke. Branches and mature leaves nearly glabrous. Leaves 2| by \ in., o-nerved to the tip, with trans- verse cystoliths on the upper surface. Head 2 in. in diam., globose, in an upper axil. Calyx 1 in. long ; posticous sepal having a lamina h by J in. with a linear woolly hairy point J in. long. Corolla hardly | in. long. Stamens 4 ; (in all 4) cells of anthers 2, oblong, muticous, parallel, one slightly lower, with a row of papillje fringing the slit (as usual in Eu-Lepidagathis) ; pollen small, tetrahedral, smooth with very slender simple reticulations. Pistil glabrous, altogether as of the genus. Mozamb. Sist. British Central Africa : Urungu ; Fwambo, 5250 ft., Nutt ! The pollen is remote from anything seen in Lepidagathis ; I have examined it in 5 or 6 flowers and believe it to be abnormal, sterile. I have found one or two grains not unlike the pollen of the preceding species. 12. Ij. perglabra, C. B. Clarke. Very glabrous, margins of the floral leaves with a few white long hairs. Branch 20 in. long, divided, very straight. Leaves 3J by \ in., ;^>-nerved, with transverse cystoliths on the upper surface. Heads numerous, scattered, axillary in the upper part of the branches, very young. Wile Iiand. Bongo : Ngoli (Nyoli), Schweinfurth, 4076 partly ! This is totally different from the other part of Schweinfurthy 4076, in Herb. Kew. (=:X. Medusa, S. Moore); the mixture is " noted " to have taken place before the two plants arrived at Kew. The present plant has very young heads, but is very distinct in habit. IB. L. fimbriata, C. B. Clarke. Branches and linear leaves nearly glabrous. Inflorescences in the upper axils subglobose, 1-H in. in diam., compound, very dense, with many numerous tine brown, scarcely hairy or prickly, slender curved points to the floral leaves. Sepals 5 ; posticous J in. long, obovate-quadrate, tip depressed-triangular, with a dense row of white hairs below the tip ; mucro ^V ^^- ^^ng, tine brown, microscopi- cally scabrous ; 2 anticous sepals nearly as the posticous but smaller ; 2 interior sepals slightly longer than the posticous, oblanceolate with fringed shoulders and a scabrous mucro. Capsule J in. long, 4 -seeded. Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelotf 679 ! 126 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke) [Lepidogathts. The long brown scabrous curved points of the floral leaves and the dense white fringe of long wliite hairs on the shoulder of the sepals make this species remarkable. It is very rare in Lepidagathis for the 2 innermost sepals to be as long as the others. 14. L. mollis^ T. Anders, in Jowni. Linn. Soc. vii. 33. Branches 2 ft. long, and mature leaves with simple hairs. Leaves 3 by \ in., 3-nerved, with transverse cystoliths on the upper surface. Inflorescences of basal and axillary clusters of heads ; points of the floral leaves and posticous sepals erect, soft white-hairy, hardly prickly. Posticous sepal ^ in. long, lanceolate with a long hairy linear tip. Corolla | in. long, yellow with purple spots. Stamens of Eu-Lepidagathis. Ovary slightly hairy in the upper half. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 313 partly? Upper Guinea, ^iger Territory : Nupe, Barter, 955 ! Niger, Baikie ! 15. la. diversa, C. B. Clarke. Branches stout, minutely hairy. Leaves up to 5 by J in., 5-nerved. Inflorescences axillary, 2 in in diam., very dense, points of floral leaves long, numerous, pale-brown, hairy, strongly deflexed. Sepals 5, all |-j in. long, with falcately recurved points. Corolla nearly as of L. mollis. — L. mollis^ Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 128 ; Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 368. Nile Z.and. British East Africa : Madi, Speke Sf Grant, 657 ! Oliver treated this as a form only of L. mollis ; and in essentials it does not diflTer ; nor, in essentials, do many of the species of Eu-Lepidagathis differ. The appearance of the present plant, owing to the falcate-recurved (" diverse ") tips of floral leaves and sepals, is very different ; the sepals are larger. 11). L. and ersoniana, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 16. Branches stout, shaggy. Leaves 3 by J- J in., 3-nerved, when mature white-villous or glabrate beneath, nearly glabrous above, with transverse cystoliths. Inflorescence of many compound dense shaggy-white heads 1-3 in. in diam., approximated in the upper axils, sometimes subterminal (then somewhat elongate with recurved points approaching L. Medusce). Posticous sepal ^ by \ in., elliptic-lanceolate, with a long white-hairy point. Corolla ^ in. long. Stamens of Eu-Lepidagathis. Ovary with gland- tipped hairs at the top and long white hairs on the lower part of the style. — L. Andersonii, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 368 srile Zaand. British East Africa: Bug;inda (Uganda), Stuhlmann, 3525! l«Iozamb. Dlst. German East Africa: Urundi, 4000-6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 8259! British Central Africa: Nyas.iland; Fort Hill, :3500-4000 fc, Whyte ! Mount Zomba, 5000-6000 ft., Whyte ! Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 76 ! 325 ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 774 ! 832 ! 17. L. heudelotiana, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 254. Branch 14 in. long, nearly glabrate. Leaves 3-4 by \ in., 3-nerved. hairy. Spikes compound, 1^ by | in., erect, very dense, in the upper axils; floral leaves uniseriate, ovate with linear deflexed points long white-hairy. Lepidagathis.] xcviii. acantuace.e (clarke). 127 Sepals 5, distinct; posticous ^ by i in., ovate, obtuse, hardly miicronate. Corolla I in. long. Capsule ^ in. long, ovoid, acute, glabrous, 2-seeded or (fide ^ees) sometimes 4-seeded. — Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 480 ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. :Vd ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 8 B. 318. Upper Guinea. 8enegambia, Jleudelof, 666 ! 18. If. peniculifera, *S'. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 39. Robust; branches at length glabrate. Leaves l\ by ^ in., 3-nerved, tips almost spinescent, with long white simple hairs. Spikes compound, 2 by | in., erect, 1-2-together, in the upper axils; floral leaves uniseriate, densely packed, leathery, ovate with short (or most of them without any) mucro. Sepals 5, distinct, leathery, obtuse, with dense thick hair ; posticous J by J in., ovate. Corolla f in. long ; stamens and pollen as of Eu- Lepidagathis. wile Ziand. Mittu : Reggo, t^chweinfurth, 2794 ! This species is named trom the spikes theirjaelves representing a painter's bruslj (or a little tail), they remind me of neither. Tiie species differs much from its neigh- bours in the floral leaves being without tails (or very shortly mucrouate). 19. la. Medusae, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 31). Branches stout, villous. Leaves 4 by J in., 5-nerved, when mature hairy beneath, glabrate above, with transverse cystoliths. Spikes compound, 1 J by ^-| in., 1-2-together, erect, in the upper axils; floral leaves uniseriate, densely packed, hairy, ovate with long deflexed white-hairy tails. Sepals 5, all with long recurved white-hairy tails; posticous \ in. long, ovate, with a tail J in. long. Corolla | in. long. Stamens and pollen of Eu-Lepida- gathis. — L. Caput-Medmce, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 313. Nile liana. Bongo : Ngoli (Nyoli), Schweinfurth, 4076 partly ! 20. L. pallescens, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 308. Grey- pubescent with small curved hairs. Leaves 2 J by J in., lanceolate, narrowed, obtuse at both ends, subsessile, scarcely 3-nerved, upper surface glabrate with irregularly scattered (not all transversely parallel as in preceding species) cystoliths. Spikes | by J in., in the upper axils, brown, minutely pubescent; floral leaves few seriate. Calyx h in. long, of 5 lanceolate sepals, minutely scabrous. Anthers of anticous stamens oblong, subparallel, with minute empty mucro at the base ; posticous stamens with one anther perfect, one sterile imperfect or rudimentary ; pollen short ellipsoid, hardly reticulated. Ovary glabrous ; style hairy near the base ; stigma small, spathulate. Iiower Guinea. Angola : Punjro Andongo, Wehcifsch, 5084 ! 21. L. calycina, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 252. Young parts minutely pubescent. Leaves up to If by § in., elliptic, narrowed at both ends, when mature nearly glabrous wiih irregularly scattered cystoliths on the upper surface; petiole 0-^ in. long. Spikes up to 1 h by 1 in.,strobilate, very green, terminal (many on very short lateral branches), microscopi- 12S xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). [Lepidaguthis. cally pubescent; floral leaves J by |--J in., imbricated on all sides (not 1 -seriate). Calyx nearly J in. long, glabrous or microscopically pubescent ; posticous sepal I in. broad, mucronate ; 2 anticous sepals ^\ in. broad, very shortly connate at the base. Corolla J in. long. Anthers oblong, scarcely acute at the base ; posticous stamens with one anther-cell, the other minutely indicated ; pollen short ellipsoid, subtrigonous, hardly reticulated. Pistil glabrous. — A. Kich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 147 ; Solms- Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. Ill ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. :U. irile Xiand. Ab)ssiuii\ : Gageros, on the Tacazze River, 3500 ft., Schimper, 131 ! 2190 I Motlat, Schimper, I0i4 ! and without precise lorality, Schimper, 1301 ! 22. L. glandulosa, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 24o (name only). Young parts minutely pubescent. Branches slender, divided, glabrate. Leaves 2 by | in., elliptic, narrowed at both ends, when mature nearly glabrous, with irregularly scattered cystoliths on the upper surface ; petiole O-J in. long. Spikes axillary and terminal, somevvhat lax ; floral leaves lanceolate, hardly imbricate. Calyx ^-J in. long ; sepals 5, posticous hardly ^.. in. broad, with a few hairs and stalked glands and linear innocuous tip. Corolla ^ in, long. Anthers oblong, obtuse at the base ; posticous stamens with 1 anther-cell, the other hardly indicated; pollen short-ellip.-oid, with :i longitudinal depressions, obscurely reticulated. — A. Kich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 147 ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 84. Barleria (/landulosa, Hochst. ex Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 243. Xrile Xiand. Abvssinia : Mount Scholoda, near Adowa, Schimper, 44 ! 28. L. laguroidea, 7\ Andei's. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 34. Young parts very minutely pubescent. Leaves 2 by | in., from ovate to narrow- elliptic, narrowed at both ends, subglabrous; cystoliths irregularly scattered on the upper surface ; petiole 0-;^ in. long. Spikes 2 by J in., terminal, often lax or interrupted at the base, not strobilate ; floral leaves lanceolate-linear, not 1 -seriate. Calyx \ in. long; posticous sepal -jV in- broad, pointed, with a few microscopic hairs and stalked glands. Corolla h in. long. Posticous stamens with anthers 1-celled or sometimes 2-celled ; pollen ellipsoid, with three longitudinal depres- sions, subtubercular rather than reticulate. Pistil glabrous, or with few minute hairs in the lower part. — Teliostachya laguroidea, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 2(14 ; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 481. Upper Guinea* Sierra Leone: Scarcies River, Scott- IClliut, 4533! 4744! Kambia, 4376 ! and without precise locality, Afzelius ! Smeathmann ! Scott-Elliot, 3902 I Gold Coast : Accra. Vogel ! and witliout precise locality, Burton Sf Cameron ! 'logoland, Bnumann, 503 ! Niger Territory : Borga ; Oly River, Barter, 746 ! Canieroons: Victoria, PreM.y.s 1109 ! 1197! Wile Xiand. Mittu : Mvolo, near the Bahr el Rohl, Schweinfurth, 2790! 24. Ij. hyssopifolia, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 34. Very slender. Leaves (at most) 1 by \ in. Spikes up to | by \ in. Calyx less than \ in. long ; posticous sepal hardly J^- in. broad ; otherwise as Lepidagathis.] xcviii. acanthaoe.*: (clarke). I2l> L. layicroidea. — Teliostachya hyssopifolia, Bentli. in Hook. Niger Fl. 481. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Don ! I here describe the type example of G. Don only. Among Scott- Elliot's exrellent examples (referred above to L. laguroidea), several have been heretofore iniirked L, hyssopifolia ; while Scott-Elliot, 474i, has been supposed a new internieiiiate species. I doubt if L. hyssopifolia should be considered other than a slender f(jrin of L. lagwroidea, smaller in all its parts. The two species bear a strong snperticial resemblance to Justicia (Rostellularia) diffusa, Willd. and its numerous subspecies or varieties. 25. L. scabra, C. B. Clarke. Branches with approximate nodes and spreading white hairs. Leaves up to 2| by | in., obHquely narrow- elliptic, narrowed at both ends, feather-veined, when mature pubescent beneath, glabrate above with irregularly scattered cystoliths ; petiole 0— i in. long. Spikes terminal, or on very short axillary branches, J in. long, ovoid, lax, with some simple white hairs. Sepals 5, nearly J in. long, subequal, narrowly lanceolate, acute, moderately white-hairy. Corolla J in. long, as of Lepidagathis. Stamens : 2 anticous with 2-celled anthers ; anthers oblong, subparallel with empty microscopic tails at the base ; 2 posticous stamens with 1 -celled anthers, the other cell indicated quite rudimentary ; pollen short-ellipsoid, with 3 longitudinal depres- sions, obscurely reticulated. Ovary glabrous, disc cup-shaped, rather long ; style with few long white hairs in the lower part ; stigma short spathulate. — Neuracanthus scaber, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 360 partly. Koixrer Guinea. Angola ; Wehcitsch, 5104 ! Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; Lake Cliala, VolkenSy 320! This plant is certainly not Nenr acanthus scaber, S. Moore, r.lie calyx being in 5 separate pieces and the corolla 2-lipped (quite unlike the qnasi-convolvulus corolla of Neuracanthus). The stamens are as those of Neuracanthus, but they are equally like those of L. pallescens. 32. LINDAUEA, Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 411, t. 302. Calyx -segments 4, reticulate-nerved, somewhat papery; posticous segment elliptic, subacute ; anticous subsimilar, divided about I way down into 2 lanceolate teeth ; otherwise 2ls Lepidagathis, sect. Xeuracanthopsis. — Flowers scattered, subsolitary. Species 1, endemic. This has the calyx exactly as in many Barlerias, but the corolla stamens and pistil of Lepidagathis. The pollen is nowise different from that of Lepidagathis miirtifolia or L. mollis. 1. L. speciosa, Rendle in Journ. Bot. ISiH), 412, t. 3G2. Soft hairy with simple and gland-bearing hairs. Branches | in. in diam. Leaves I by \ in., narrowly elliptic-oblong ; petiole O-^V in. long. Flowers scattered, subsessile ; bract \ in. long, linear. Calyx \ in. lonff ; 2 in- 1:30 xcviii. ACANTiTACE/E (clarke). [Liudaueci. ferior segments rather shorter, linear. Corolla purple-blue ; tube h in. long, mucli inflated in the upper half ; lobes J-§ in. long, connate in two lips ; anticous lip shortly 3-lobed ; posticous shorter, smaller, emarginate. Stamens 4 ; 2 anticous with 2-celled anthers (cells oblong, parallel, at equal height, muticous) ; 2 posticous with 1 -celled anthers ; filaments glabrous. Ovary and style glabrous ; stigma of 2 subequal minute oblong lobes. Capsule § in. long, oblong ellipsoid, 4-seeded ; seeds (unripe) appear as of Barleria. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zu ii.-iv. 308. irile Xiand. Soinaliland: River Shebele, Donaldson Smith! Keller, 185 Burku district, Ghika .' 33. ASYSTASIA, Blume ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. PI. ii. 1094. Calyx divided t6 the base ; segments 5, subequal, narrow, often small. Corolla-tube inflated upwards ; limb 5-fid, hardly 2-lipped ; anticous segment wholly outside in the bud. Stamens 4 ; anthers all subsimilar, 2 -celled ; cells oblong, nearly parallel or one a little lower, muticous or with 1 or 2 small spurs at the base ; pollen ellipsoid, with 3 stopples, 9 longitudinal lines ; in the typical species, long-ellipsoid, square-headed, subterete ; in A. macrophylla (and others) shortly ellipsoid, narrowed at the poles, trigonous. Ovary with 2 ovules in each cell, hairy or glabrous ; stigmas 2, subequal, short, oblong or hemispheric. Capsule 4-seeded at the top, on a long solid stalk ; seeds without hairs, compressed, rugose. — Herbs or shrubs. Leaves entire. Kacemes, spikes or panicles apparently terminal (except in A. ansellioides), one-sided, lax, with minute bracts and bracteoles, or distichous with larger bracts, or densely strobiliform with large bracts and bracteoles. Species 34, in the warmer parts of the Old World. *Inflorescence, at least apparently, terminal. Bracts minute ; racemes often 3- to many-flowered. Ovary hairy, at least in the upper half. Leaves ovate to oblong. Sepals i^— i in. long. Corolla-tube |— 1 in. long. Pubescent or hairy . , . . 1. A. coromande liana. Glabrous except the corolla . . . 4:. A. congensis. Corolla-tube \ in, long. . . . . 2. A. parvula. Sepals \ in. long Z. A. Bnettneri. Leaves linear ; corolla-tube \ in. lontr . . b. A. linearis. Ovary glabrous (very glandular in A. longituba). Corolla-tube 1-1 f in. long ; leaves large. Anthers scarcely tailed. Inflorescence dense . . . . . Q. A. scandens. Inflorescence lax. Ovary glabrous ; corolla-tube 2 in. . . 7. A. vogiliana. Ovary glandular ; corolla-tube If in, . 8. A. longituba. Anther-cells each with 2 tails ; leaves 8-14 in. long . . . , , . . 'd. A. macrophylla. Corolla-tube ^ in. long . , , . . 10. ^. africana. Asi/stasia.] xcviii. acanthace.e (clarke). 131 Bracts shorter than the calyx, ovate, hardly acute. Sepals with short hairs; ovary glabrous . , 11. A. Welwitschii. Sepals white-shaggy ; ovary hairy at the top . . 12. A. Charmian. Bracts exceeding the calyx ; spikes almost strobilate. Annual ; leaves mostly oblong .... 13. A. Schimperi. Woody shrub ; leaves elliptic to round-ovate . . 14. A. Colece. **Raceme8 axillary, loosely 2-1-flowered ; bracts very small . . . . . . . . lb. A. ansellioides. 1. A. coromandeliana, Nees in Wall. PI. As. Rar. iii. 89. Perennial, 1-4 ft. high^ with simple hairs. Leaves 3 by 1 in. (some- times 5 by Ij in.), ovate, suddenly narrowed at the base ; petiole^- J in. long, or 0 (i.e., base of leaf decurrent as a wing). Racemes 2-G in. long, one-sided, frequently several forming a terminal panicle ; lower flowers remote ; lower pedicels often ^^ in. long ; bracts minute. Sepals J in. long, linear-lanceolate, pubescent or puberulous. Corolla lurid-purple to yellow or white ; tube J in. long, inflated for | its length. Filaments nearly glabrous ; anthers muticous. Style-base and ovary hairy. Capsule 1 in. long, pubescent ; seeds ^ in. in diam. or rather more. — Nees in DC. Prod, xi. 165 ; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 478 ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 493 ; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 104; S. Moore in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv, 31. A. quater^ia, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 166, 724; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 478. A. chelonoides, var. 8 arabica, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 164. A. calycina^ Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 478. A. gangetica, T. Anders, in Thwaites, Enum. PI. Zeyl. 235, and in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 52 ; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 308 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 392; Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 63, t. 1, fig. 49, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 326, fig. 131, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370, and in Xnn. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [1896] 79. A. podosta/ihys, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 199. A. subhcistata, Klotzsch, I.e. 200. A. Jioribunda, Klotzsch, I.e. 200. A. acuminata, Klotzsch, I.e. 201. A. pubescens, Klotzsch, I.e. 202. A. scabrida, Klotzsch, I.e. 202. A. niultijiora, Klotzsch, I.e. 203. A. querimbensis, Klotzsch, I.e. 204, Justicia gan- getica, Linn. Amcen. Acad. iv. 299. Ricellia secunda, Vahl, Symb. iii. 84. E. quaterna, Schumach, Beskr. Guin. PI. 284. Tyloglossa lo?igipes, Hochst. ex Solms-Laub. I.e. upper Guinea. Gambia, Skues ! Ingram ! Sierra Leone, Afzelius I Don ! Scott-Elliot, 3895 ! 4990 ! Liberia, Carder ! Cape Palmas, Voqel, 56 ! Gold Coast : Accra, Buchholz ! Cape Coast Castle, Fogel, 9! Togoland, Klinq, 4! Lagos: Eniwa, Rowland ! Millen, 19 ! Yoruba, Millson, 71 ! Niger Territory : Nupe ; Jeba, Barter ! Niger Delta ; Grand Bassa, Vogel, 87 ! River Nun, Mann, 501 ! Canieroons : Rio del Key, Johnston ! Victoria, Preuss, 1115 ! Batanga, Bates, 8 ! 9 ! Efulen, Bates, 359 ! Yaunde, Zenker ^ Standi, 489 ! Fernando Po, Mann, 265 ! Wile land. Upper Senaar : Fazokl, Kotschg, 423 ! Eritrea : Afount Bizen, 4500 ft., Schweinfurih ^ Riva, 2000 ! Bngos, 5000 ft., Hildebrandt, 162! Abyssinia, Schimper, 199! Parkyns ! Somaliland : River Daua, Riva, 1452 1 and without precise locality, Miss Edith Cole ! British East Africa : Mittu ; Mvolo, SchioeinjHrlh, 2813 ; and at the River Moroko, Schweinfurth, 3980 ! Ribe, noar Mombasa, Wake- field ! Giryama Mountains, Gregory I Wau, Thomas, 159! 188! 182 xcviii. ACANTHACE.E (clarke). [As7/sta8ia. Iiower Cuinea. Princes Isle, Nrtcton, 19 ! Quintas, 89 ! 93 ! G:\boon : MmidH; Sibange Farm, Bilttner, 452! 611! Soi/aux, 190! 198! 198a! Angola, Weliuitsch, 5050 ! 5131 ! 5160 ! 5170 I 5196 ! 5206 ! Mechoio, 53 ! Soatb Central. Concro Free State : Bangala, 1000 ft., Hena, 124 ! Bolobo, on the Congo, Bilttner, 153 ! 454 ! Lulua River, Poqge, 1246 ! Mozamb. Blst. Zanzibar, Rildehrandt, 980 ! Stuhlmann, 409 ! 1086 ! 1087 ! l*eters : Matia Island, Bartle-Frere ! German East Africa: Kiliraanjiiro, 9000 ft., Meyer, 33 ! 5000 ft., Vulkens, 710 ! Ugweno Mountain, Meyer, 171 ! Karagwe ; Bukobii, Stuhlmann, 3677! 3938! Usambara; Tanga, Hoist, 2063! Volkens, 7! 163! Mascheua, Hoist, 8733! Usaramo; Dar-es-Salaam, Stuhlmann, 7602! 7665! 7698! 7701! Lake Tanganyika; Kavala Island, Carson, 27! Rovuraa River, Metier! Portuguese East Africa: Zambesi Delta; River Luabo, Kirk, 34^ \ Lower Valley of the River Shire, Metier ! Boror, Peters ! British Central Africa : Lake Nyasa, Simon ! Urungu ; Abercorn, Carson, 27! Nyasaland ; Mount Mlange, WTiyte ! Shire High- lands, Buchanan, 321 ! Shire River, Kirk ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 872! Also in Tropical Asia. The corolla of this weed varies (in Africa as in Asia) greatly in size and in colour. The types of Klotzsch's species reduced have been seen. 2. A. parvula^ G. B. Clarke. Hairy. Leaves up to \ by \ in., ovate, subpetioled. Raceme 1 J in. long, with distant flowers ; bracts hardly ^\ in. long. Calyx \ in. long, pubescent and with gland-tipped hairs. Corolla in total length J in. ; tube less than J in. long. Stamens and pistil as of A. coroTnandeliana, Nees. Capsule less than ^ in. long. wile Iiand. Somaliland : Adda Galla, James Sf Thrupp ! The anthers, pollen, stigmas, are identical with those of A. coromandeliana, of which even this may be a depauperated state. 3. A. Buettneri, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 37. Hairy. Leaves 5 by 2 in., ovate ; petiole 0-§ in. long. R-acemes 2 in. long, terminal, one-sided ; pedicels scarcely yV i^- ^^^g '■> bracts minute. Sepals 5, i by ~ in., linear-oblong, with long white hairs. Corolla white ; tube I in. long. Anthers minutely tailed at the base. Ovary with the style base very hairy. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 320. Upper Guinea. Togoland, jBii^ner, 260! 283! A7iw^, 191 ! Tliis is allied to the large forms of A. coromandeliana, Nees (called formerly A. calycina, Benth.), but has larger flowers and very much larger sepals. 4. A. congensis, C. B. Clarke. Glabrous, except the puberulous corolla. Leaves '^\ by 1 in., elliptic, acuminate at each end ; petiole 0-J in. long. Raceme terminal, 3-flowered, peduncled ; bracts hardly yV in. long, linear. Sepals \ in. long, linear-oblong, microscopically pubescent. Corolla-tube 1 in. long, puberulous. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; outer cells parallel, muticous at the base ; pollen of genus. Style hairy at the base ; stigma 2, subglobose. Iiower Guinea. Lower Congo : Stanley Pool, Callewaert ! 5. A. linearis, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1894, 136. About 2 ft. high. Branches tetragonal, puberulous. Leaves 2J-3 by \-\ in., sessile, Asj/stasia.] xcviii. ACANTHACEJi: (clarke). 133 linear-lanceolate or linear, nearly glabrous. Spike 2-2 J in. long,, slender, interrupted ; bracts J in. long ; glabrous. Sepals J in. long, linear, puberulous. Corolla in total length J in. Anther-cells minutely mu- cronate at the base. Style hairy at the base. — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370. xrile Iiand. British East Africa : Durama, 700 ft., Gregory ! 6. A. scandensy Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4449. A straggling shrub. Leaves up to 7 by 3 in., elliptic, narrowed at either end, young with white dots on the upper surface, when mature nearly glabrous ; petiole 0-J in. long. Inflorescence terminal, 2-'^ in. long, often compound, viscous-pubescent, glandular; bract hardly | in. long. Sepals \ in. long, linear. Corolla pale mauve to white ; tube J in. long, much inflated in the upper half. Anthers minutely tailed ; pollen long- ellipsoid, of the genus, with obsolete tubercular markings, as in many species of Justicia. Ovary glabrous. — Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 478 ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 53; Lindau in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 326. Henfreya scandens, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1847, t. 31. "Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: Talla Hills, Scott-Elliot, 4919! near Lumbarayn, 5012! George Water, Scott-Elliot, 4164! and without precise locality. Barter! Don ! Afzelius ! Smeathman ! 7. A. vogeliana, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 479. A straggling undershrub. Leaves up to 7J by 2J in., narrowed at either end, when mature nearly glabrous, with rows of minute cystoliths along the midrib on the upper surface; petiole 0-1 J in. long. Inflorescence terminal, compound, lax, or straggling, 6-18 in. long, ultimate spikes or racemes 1-sided; bract i in. long. Sepals \-\ in. long, linear, densely and minutely glandular pubescent. Corolla pale purple to white; tube 2 in. long, slender, the upper J part funnel-shaped. Anthers mucronate at the base, hardly tailed. Ovary glabrous ; a very few microscopic bristles on the style-base. Capsule 1-1 J in. long. — T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 53 ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 326; Cummins in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 77. A. kalantha^ Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 321. Upper Guinea. Ashanti : Assin-Yan-Cooinassie, Cummins, 79 ! Togoland, Baumann, 374 ! Lagos ; Abeokuta, Irving ! near Lagos, Eoivland ! Niger Delta : Angiama, Barter, 2096 ! Cameroons : Efulen, Bates, 449 ! Cameroon Mountains, 3000 ft., Mann, 1955 ! Fernando Po, Vogel, 211 ! Mann, 47 ! 8. A. longituba, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xxii. 118. Ovary with many brown subsessile glands nearly to the base. Capsule glandular ; otherwise as A. vogeliana. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Yaunde, 2500 ft., Zenker ^' Staudt, 410 ! 587 ! 587a! 587b ! between Victoria and Bota, Preuss, 1363 ! Lindau says Ibis is distinct Irom all other African Asgsiasias by the length of the flowers ; but they are not quite so long as thote ot A. cogeliana. The cystoliilis, on the upper surface of the leaf along the midrib, are much fewer. 134 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). [Asystu^a. 9. A. macrophylla, Lindau in Engl. c(- Prantl, Pfianzenfam. iv. 3 B. 32G. Shrub up to 10 ft. high. Leaves up to 14 by 4| in. (commonly | this size), elongate-obovate, acuminate, when mature glabrous shining; petiole 0-1 i in. long. Panicle 4-8 in. long, linear, minutely rusty hairy, lower small cymes \ in. long, distant; bract \ in. long, linear. Sepals \ in. long, linear, minutely rusty. Corolla purple to white; tube \\ in. long, dilated in the upper half. Anthers 2-celled ; cells parallel, each with 2 tails at the base ; pollen small, short-ellipsoid, more trigonous than in the preceding species. Ovary glabrous ; ovules 2 in each cell. — Dicentranthera niacrophylla, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 52 ; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 5690. Vpper Guinea. Cameroons : Batanga, Bates, ]40! Bipindi, Zenker, 825! Johann Albrechts-Hohe, Standi, 470 ! Victoria, Frenss, 1146 ! 1179 ! 1365 ! Yaunde, Zenker, 427 ! 655 ! Zenker Sf Staudt, 200a ! 639 ! Uiver Cameroon, Mann, 2197 ! Fernando Po, Mann, 13 ! JaO-weT Guineas Gaboon : Munda ; Sibange Farm, Soyaux, 291 ! Biittner, 351 : 358 ! Gaboon River, Mann ! Ovules 4-6 in ovary {T. Anderson), 4 in each cell {J. D. Hooker). I find 2 in each cell, aa Bentham and Lindau state. 10. A. africana, C. B. Clarke. Herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves up to 3| by IJ in., narrowed at either end, mature pubescent on the midrib beneath, otherwise glabrous ; petiole \-l in. long. Inflorescence terminal, lax ; spikes 1| in. long, panicled, not unilateral ; bracts hardly j\ in. long, linear. Calyx -^^ in. long ; lobes 5, lanceolate, minutely pubescent. Corolla nearly § in. long ; tube J in. long. Anthers oblong, parallel, obscurely mucronate at the base ; pollen of the genus. Ovary glabrous ; 2 ovules in each cell ; style-branches short, oblong, subconnate. Capsule 1 in. long, 4-seeded ; stalk ^ in. long, solid; seeds tubercular-scabrous, without hairs. — Isochoriste africana^ S. Moore in Journ. Bot. xviii. 1880, 309 ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pfianzenfam. iv. 3 B. 326. Ziower Guinea. Angola : Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5073 ! 5078 ! 5079 ! 11. A. Welwitschii, ^S'. Moore in Jmirn. Bot. 1880, 308. Herb, 2-4 ft. high. Stem quadrangular, microscopically pubescent, and with cystoliths. Leaves 2| by f-1 in., suddenly narrowed at the base, scabrid hairy above, more hairy beneath with parallel raised primary nerves. Petiole hardly any. Spikes terminal and peduncled axillary, 2J-7 by \-\ in., 10-60-flowered, sometimes branched, forming a terminal compound spike, shortly hairy; bracts \ in. long, ovate, acute. Sepals \-\ in. long, linear-lanceolate. Corolla rose-white {S. Moore) ; tube f in. long. Anthers shortly tailed. Capsule 1| in. long, 4-seeded, very minutely pubescent. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pfianzenfam. iv. 3 B. 320. liODirer Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo and Huilla, TFe?«;iY*cA, 5039, 5105, 5188! Pungo Andongo, Mechow, 46! Malange, Buchner, 123! Pogge, 302! Huilla, Antunes, 177 ! Netvton ! 12. A. Charmian, ;S'. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 38. Hairy. Stem quadrangular. Leaves up to 3J by J in., narrow-elongate- Asystasia.] xcviii. acanthace^ (clarke). 135 elliptic, tapering at both ends; petiole 0-J^ in. long. Spike 5 in, long, terminal, flowers in opposite pairs, lower distant ; pubescent with some shaggy white hair on the calyces ; bracts i in. long, ovate, hardly acute. Sepals J in. long, linear-lanceolate. Corolla-tube j in. long, inflated for more than half its length. Anthers shortly tailed ; pollen small, shortly ellipsoid, trigonous. Ovary (in the upper half) with much long white hair. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 326, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370. Nile X.and. British East Africa : Ukamba ; Kitui, Hildehrandt, 2724 ! 13. A. Schimperi, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 53. Erect annual G-8 in. high, sparsely hairy. Leaves up to '2\ by | in., ovate or oblong, narrowed at both ends ; petiole 0-\ in. long. Spikes terminal, 1-2 in. long, rather dense; bracts up to |-f by i in., narrowly elliptic ; bracteoles J in long, falcate-lanceolate. Sepals \-\ in. long, linear, minutely pubescent, membranous. ' Corolla-tube J in. long, dilated upwards. Anthers minutely mucronate at the base ; pollen short-ellipsoid, trigonous. Ovary hairy. Capsule J in. long 4-seeded, pubescent. — Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 341 (var. minor, Oliv.). A. rostrata, Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 242 ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 32G, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370. Adhatoda rostrata, Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 104. Tyloglossa rostrata, Hochst. ex Solms-Laub. I.e. 104. Wile Iiand. Eritrea: Bogus, 5500 ft., Schweinfurth, 455! Keren, Stendner, 1495 ! Abyssinia : Tigre ; Goelleb, 4000 ft., Schimper, 2220 ! Jelajeranne, Schimper, 1G57, 1659! and without precise locality, Schimper, 140! 367! 382! 1629! British East Africa : Uganda, Scott-Elliot, 7276 ! Lake Elmeteita, 6000 ft., Scotf- Elliot, 6636 ! Kamasia, Gregory ! XWCozaznb. Dist. German East Africa: Usmawo; Kageyi on Lake Victoria Nyanza, Fischer, 494! Kilimanjaro, 4000-5000 ft., Johnston ! Var. ^ Grantii, C. B. Clarke. Branch 18 in. long. Spikes 3 in. long ; bracts up to f in. long, — A. Schimperi, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 131. Justicia, sp. n. 2, 'J', Thorns, in Speke, Nile Append. 643. Parasystasia Kelleri, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zu ii.-iv, 307, and in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv, 321. Wile Iiand. British East Africa: Unyoro, Speke ^ Orant,Q0^\ Somaliland, Keller, 189 ! This approaches in size the next species {A. Coleci), but appears annual. 14. A. Colese, Rolfe in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 223. Branches woody, 1 in. in diam. ; branchlets 12-15 in. long. Leaves broad-elliptic, narrowed at the base, or round ovate suddenly contracted at the base. Spikes 2 J by 1 in., bracts J-f in. long. Corolla in total length |-1 in. Pollen oblong-ellipsoid, subterete. Capsule 1 in. long or rather more. — Barleria sortialensis, Franeh. Sert. Somal. 51. Para systasia somalensis, Baill. Hist. PI. x. 401 ; Lindau in Engl. Oc Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 325, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. (I.sy6) 78. 136 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). [Asystosta. Xrile ]LaDd. Somaliland : Golis Range, Mr-'i. Lort-PhilUps ! Miss Cole ! Adda Giilln, James <^ Thrupp ! between Jaribule and Harr, Siva, 191! Very near tlie preceding species, but larger and with woody branches, 15. A. ansellioides, C. B. Clarke. Sparingly minutely pubescent. Branches 1 ft. long, weak. Leaves 2 by 1 in., ovate ; petiole J in. long. Spikes axillary, 2 in. long, slender, glabrate, 2-flowered ; flower subsessile ; bracts scarcely y^ in. long. Sepals 5, linear, nearly ^ in. long, minutely, thinly scabrous, hairy. Corolla white, in total length J-§ in. ; tube somewhat inflated from the base. Stamens 4 ; anther- cells 2, oblong, muticous, at equal height. Capsule | in. long, stalked, 4-seeded, retrorsely thin hairy ; seeds ^ in. in diam., flattened, trapezoid, tubercular-scabrous, margins thickened, smooth. — A. coromandeliana, Balf. f. in Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin. xxxi. 217, partly. XSrile Iiand. British East Africa : Tana River, Thomas, 30 ! Inflorescence and habit of Justiciar sect. Ansellia. ;34. PILETIA, Miq.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1101. Anther-cells not parallel at equal height; inflorescence a very narrow panicle ; otherwise (so far as known) equal to Asystasia. Species 2 ; the type species in Java, one in West Africa, This genus is only known from Miquel's account, which describes neither the aestivation of the corolla, the pollen, nor the fruit. Lindau refers to this genus the Kamerun species below (of which the fruit is unknown). 1. P. africana, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 41. Bush, 2-4 ft. high. Branches slender, glabrate and with lines of jcrisped pubescence. Leaves up to 7 by l|—2 in., from oblong to elliptic, pinnately nerved, margin entire wavy, base obtuse, tip acuminate, crisped hairy on the midrib above, very minutely hairy on the nerves beneath ; petiole up to I in. long. Panicle 3 by J in., minutely hairy, terminal ; peduncle 1 in. long; bracts up to ^ in. long., oblong; lateral panicle-branches i in. long, 1-4-flowered. Calyx scarcely J in. long, divided nearly to the base, pubescent; sepals 5, linear, equal. Corolla-tube J- J in. long, narrow ; lobes \-\ in. long. Stamens 4, didynamous ; filaments glabrous ; anthers all 2-celled, muticous ; those on the longer filaments have cells ellipsoid, one much above the other, the upper ciliate on the slit, those on lower filaments have cells orbicular, divergent, a little distant on the connective; pollen ellipsoid, 3-banded. Pistil glabrous; style shortly bifid ; ovules 2 in each cell ; disc J the height of the ovary. Fruit unknown. — Lindau in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 335. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Quaqua, Buchholz ! XiO-wer Gulnea> Gaboon : Como River, Bates, 495 ! Neuracanthua.'] xcvui. acanthace.e (clarke). 137 35. NEURACANTHUS, Nees; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1093. Calyx in two pieces ; posticous lip 3-lid or nearly entire ; anticous lip 2-fid or nearly entire. Corolla J-| in. in total length, upper half funnel- shaped with 5 short triangular lobes, plicate ; lobes 3-nerved connected by nerveless membranous intermediate portions. Stamens 4 ; 2 anticous with 2-celled anthers ; 2 posticous with 1 -celled anthers ; anther-cells oblong, muticous ; connective, often puberulous ; filaments usually sparsely hairy ; pollen somewhat tetrahedroid or nearly globose, smooth or obscurely reticulate, without meridional depressions. Ovary glabrous ; ovules 2-1 in each cell; style short, glabrous; stigma of one oblong lobe. Capsule J in. long or less, ovoid, compressed, beaked, 4- (or generally 2-) seeded. Seeds divscoid, covered with hairs in tufts, each hair spirally marked within, unrolling on applying water. — Small shrubs, varying much in general appearance, leaves, indumentum and inflorescence ; very uniform in the structure of the flowers. Inflores- cence of condensed unilateral spikes, or of few- flowered elongated spikes, or reduced to a single flower, strobilate or scattered ; bi-act ovate or linear, sometimes spinous; bracteoles 0. Species 12, in Tropical Africa and India. Bracts ovate or obovate, never reduced to linear spines. Spikes 2 in. long, definitely strobilate. Spike \ in. broad, with small white hairs . . \. N. africanu.s. Spike f in. broad, with long tawny hairs . . 2. iV. decorus. Spike \ in. broad, grey-villous . . . . 3. iV. strohilimis. Spikes in ovoid heads. Heads axillary, sessile. Stem and leaves minutely scabrous beneath . 4. N. seaher. Stem and leaves with many-celled hairs beneath . 5. N. tikamhensis. Stem and leaves white-tomentose beneath . . Q. N. niveus. Heads on short lateral branches . . . . 7. N. Lindaui. Bracts spiuescent, if sterile reduced to linear spines. (Young parts at least white-stellate-tomentose.) Fertile spikes l-flowered 8. iV^. polyacanthus. Fertile spikes strobilate, few-flowered . . .9. N. Bohecehii. 1. N. africanus, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 37. Branches slender, woody, minutely pubescent. Leaves 4| by 2 in., narrowed at both ends, entire, minutely pubescent on the nerves beneath, other- wise glabrous, cystoliths conspicuous on both faces, base narrow, cordate-truncate; petiole 0-J in. long. Spikes 2 by J in., axillary, linear-cylindric, strobilate, apparently simple ; bract J in. long, obovate, suddenly subspine-tipped. Calyx J in. long, in 2 pieces, slightly hairy ; anticous piece shortly 2-toothed ; posticous shortly 3-toothed. Pollen subglobose, without longitudinal depressions, obscurely reticulate. Capsule J in. long, 2-seeded. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 315. Barleria Sacani, Klotzsch ex Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost- Afr. C. 3G8. XVIozaml). Blst. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; Lupata, Kirk ! Tete, Peters ! 1P)8 xcviii. ACANTHACE.E (clarke). [Neuracauthus. 2. N. deconis, S. Moore in JomTi, Bot. 1HS(I, 307. Branchlets fiilvous-sicabrous. Leaves up to t by 1 in., oblong-elliptic, entire, fulvous-scabrous on the nerves beneath ; cystolitlis on both faces ; petiole 0-^ in. long. Spikes terminal on axillary branches, 2 by |^ in., rather densely strobilate, fulvous-hairy ; bract \-\ in. long, ovate, subacute. Calyx ^-J in. long, in 2 pieces, densely fulvous-hairy ; anticous segment divided § its length into 2 lanceolate teeth ; posticous segment divided § its length into 3 lanceolate teeth. Pollen globose, smooth, without longitudinal depressions. Zio^^er Guinea. Angola : Loanda ; between Lake Ivantala and Quilongues, Welivitsch, 5057 ! 3. N. strobilinuSy C. B. Clarke. Branches 6 in. long, simple, scabrous hairy. Leaves 3J by 1| in., obovate-elliptic, greenish-yellow, scabrous hairy on the nerves, tip obtuse or triangular-apiculate, base tapering; petiole 0. Spike terminal, sessile, 2 J by | in., strobilate, very dense ; bract § in. long, ovate, acute, mucronate, 5-nerved, hairy. Calyx J in. long, anticous lip 2-fid half-way down, posticous 3-fid half- way down, hairy without and within. Pollen globose, smooth, without longitudinal depressions ; stopples 3. Pistil \-\ in. long ; one style branch oblong, the other suppressed ; style-base subarticulated, sud- denly contracted above the ovary. Capsule J in. long, ellipsoid-oblong, compressed, sessile, glabrous, black, shining, 2-seeded ; seeds covered with very slender hygroscopic hairs. Mozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Nyika Plateau, 5000- 6000 ft., Whyte, 138! The corollas (with stamens) have all fallen, but from the very short styles were doubtless small. 4. N. scaber, S. Moore inJourn. Bot. 1880, 307. Branches rather stout, pubescent. Leaves up to 3 by Ij in., ovate, entire, minutely scabrous on the nerves beneath ; cystoliths obscure ; petiole 0-\ in. long. Inflorescence in dense axillary heads 1 in. in diam., made up of condensed unilateral spikes, not (or only in fruit obscurely) strobi- late ; bract ^-f in. long, ovate, acute, hairy, mucronate, not spinous. Calyx J in. long, of two pieces, softly hairy ; anticous piece divided more than half-way down into 2 lanceolate teeth ; posticous piece divided less than ^ way down into -3 short teeth. Pollen globose, smooth, without longitudinal depressions. Capsule -J in. long, 2-seeded. — Lindau in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 315, fig. 108, B, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 3(;9 partly. X.ower Guinea. Angola: Loanda, Welwitsch, mQA.\ 5125! 5128! 5171! Bfozamb. Blst. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 2000-3500 ft., Volkens, 549 ! 2215 ! 5. N. ukambensis, C. B. Clarke. Branchlets vely woody, with many-celled hairs. Leaves 2 by 1 in., acute at either end, subsessile, finally nearly glabrous except the many-celled hairs on the nerves beneath ; main nerves 5 or 0 pairs. Heads J in. in diam., on very ^euracanthics.] xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). 139 short lateral branches, with 'many-celled hairs and also long needle-like one-celled hairs ; bracts |-j\ in. long, broadly obovate, shortly apiculute, 3-nerved as the hairs wear oft*. Calyx and corolla nearly as of lY. scaber. Wile land. British East Africa : Ukamba, Uildebrandt, 2723! This has been put with N. scaber, S. Moore. 6. N. niveus, .S'. Moore m Journ. Bot. 1880, 37. White stellate- tomentose ; branches 2 ft. long, from a short woody rootstock. Leaves up to 4 by 2J in., broadly elliptic, acute, entire, upper surface finally glabrate with subconspicuous oystoliths; petiole 0—\ in. long. In- florescence of dense axillary heads 1-1 J in. diam., with long white hair, made up of few-flowered condensed unilateral spikes; bract \-\ in. long, ovate, acute, soft mucronate, dark brown. Calyx \-\ in. long, of 2 pieces, each divided rather more than J way down ; teeth b, linear- lanceolate, long hairy. Pollen globose-subtrigonous, smooth, without longitudinal depressions. Pistil of genus. — Lindau in Engl. &l Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 315. XTile Iiand. British East Africa : Jur ; Jur Ghattas, Schweinfurth, 1963 ! 7. N. Iiindaui, C, B. Clarke. Stem and young leaves densely white-tomentose. Mature leaves 2 J by 1 in. ; tip triangular ; base tapering into a petiole ^ in. long ; main nerves about 9 pairs, finally nearly glabrate above. Heads hardly 1 in. in diam., on short lateral branches, white woolly; bracts substrobilate \-\ in. long, broadly obovate, shortly apiculate, obscurely 3-nerved as the white wool wears ofi*. Calyx and corolla as in N. niveus. — Leucoharleria nivea, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [189G] 77, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zu ii.-iv. 306, not Neuracanthus niveus, S. Moore. Ifflle Iiand* Soinaliland : between Danna and Ueb (River) Karanle, Riva, 945! 8. N. polyacanthus, C. B. Clarke. Harsh branched shrub 10 in. in diam. ; young parts white stellate-tomentose. Leaves j-l by § in,, ovate, entire, when mature glabrate ; petiole 0-^ in. long. Inflorescences in axillary prickly heads, f in. in diam., made up of 1-flowered and sterile unilateral scorpioid cymes ; sterile spike " flexuous many-prickled pubescent spine " of Lindau ; fertile spike nearly same with 1 flower at the base ; bract linear, 1 in. long. Calyx J-J in. long ; segments 2, ovate, acute, subsimilar, subentire ; anticous 2-nerved ; posticous 3-nerved. Pollen globose-subtrigonous, smooth, without longitudinal depressions. Capsule |-J in. long, ovoid, acute, hardly beaked, 2-seeded, compressed, shining brown. — Leucoharleria j)olyacantha, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. (1896) 77, and in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zu ii.-iv. 306; Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 413. Wile Iiand. Soinaliland : Terfa Torrent-bed, Donaldson Smith ! Ogaden, Robecchi, 240! Elba, Riva, 914! Abdallah, Keller, 198! 140 xcvni. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). \^Neiiracanthus. 9. N. Robecchiiy C. B. Clarke. Young parts white stellate- tomentose. Leaves Ij by § in., oblong-elliptic, when mature sparingly- hairy, margin wavy-crenate, tip subobtuse, base tapering; petiole 0-J in. long. Sterile spikes scorpioid, appearing as flexuous, many- prickled pubescent spines ; fertile spike | in. long, strobilate, few- flowered; bract J in. long, subquadrate, suddenly spine-tipped. Calyx J in. long, woolly, of 2 pieces; anticous oblong 2-nerved, scarcely 2-toothed; posticous ovate, 3-nerved, microscopically 3-toothed. Capsule J in. long, narrow-ovoid, acute, 2-seeded. Seeds densely woolly with hygroscopic hairs. — Leucoharleria Rohecchii, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. (1896) 78, and in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zu ii.-iv. 300. M-lle Xiand. Somaliland : Marehan, BobeccM, 238a ! 239a ! 258. Also in Arabia. 36. BARLERIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1091. Calyx of 4 distinct segments, large ; anticous segment of 2 sepals, connate quite or three-quarters of the way to the tip ; posticous segment subsimilar ; 2 lateral segments within, narrow, usually much smaller. Corolla yellow or blue ; tube cylindric or the upper part funnel-shaped ; limb of 5 subequal segments or 2-lipped ; anticous segment wholly within in bud. Stamens 2, complete ; filaments stout glabrous or nearly so ; anthers exserted, linear-oblong, parallel, muticous ; pollen globose, honeycombed ; 2 (or 3) imperfect short stamens added, with anthers rudimentary or small, very rarely perfecting a little pollen. Ovary glabrous, except the tip, with 2 (or 1) ovules in each cell ; disc often large, cup-shaped ; style loDg, glabrous, rarely hairy towards the base ; stigmas 2, short, linear, subequal, often subconfluent. Capsule either ovoid, 2-seeded, or oblong-ellipsoid, 4-seeded ; seeds shaggy, usually all over, hairs (often in bundles) more or less elastic on applying water. — Leaves entire, without prickles or teeth (in the Tropical African species). Inflorescence (when fully developed) of axillary scorpioid cymes, often condensed almost to a head, or shortened to few (or 1 ) flowers when the inflorescence appears like a simple spike ; bracts 1 fertile, 1 sterile, as simple or branched spines, or entire, or toothed, or pinnatifid leaves; bracteoles 0. — Somalia, Oliv. in Hook Ic. t. 1528. Species 120, mostly in Africa and Tropical Asia, a few in Tropical America. In the fully-developed axillary raceme, the lowest pair of bracts are opposite, sup- porting a terminal shortly pedicelled flower without bracteoles ; from the axil of one bract a shoot carries two similarly opposite bracts which may support another flower or (not rarely) terminate the raceme. Where the raceme is many-flowered it is often very dense, and of each pair of bracts the sterile one is twisted on one side. In some common species (as in B. Prionitis) the inflorescence is so completely a simple spike that the bracts have been regarded as bracteoles ; and it is merely by analogy that they are here called bracts. Sterile inflorescences may, in most species, carry 2, 3 or 4 bracts, according as the second joint is more or less evolved. In most of the invariably 2-8eeded species, of the subgenera Frionitis and Somalia (hithertQ Barleria. XCVIII. ACANTHACE.E (cLARKE). 141 described as having ovules solitary), the seed in each cell appears basal, the capsule having a long empty or solid beak above it. But in most of these species the ovary has 2 ovules in each cell, whereof the lower is very much smaller ; in each capsule-valve of the ripe fruit a seed is in one cell, and lower down in the other cell the minute point, representing the small ovule that came to nothing, is not difficult to see. Series A. Interpetiolar spines (i.e., reduced leaves of sterile shoots), simple or pinnatifid, often present. Posticous sepal often spine-tipped or spine-toothed on margin. *Peionitis. — Lower ovule in each cell minute or 0 ; capsule never having more than 2 seeds, ovoid with conic beak. Posticous sepal usually spine-tipped, rarely spine-toothed on margin, f Bracts next the calyx (bracteoles) rigid spines, simple or rarely with one lateral basal spiny tooth. Corolla 2-lipped ; 4 posticous segments in one lip ; anticous segment clawed, springing from the tube lower down. Corolla yellow-orange or brownish-red. Floral leaves elliptic or oblong, hardly imbricate. Leaves glabrate. Spines of barren shoots |^-f in. long . Spines of barren shoots often paired, up to 1 in. long ..... Leaves hairy. Leaves sparsely hairy ; filaments hairy Leaves densely hairy beneath ; filaments glabrous ...... Floral leaves broad, imbricate ', spikes shortly substrobilate. Floral leaves broadly ovate, glabrous Floral leaves obovate, when young strigose Corolla blue or purplish -blue. Corolla-tube \ in. long ..... Corolla-tube 1 in. long Corolla subequally 5-fid yellow ; tube linear, not inflated upwards ...... ffBracts next the calyx linear, simple, green, hardly spinous. Stem and leaves glabrous or nearly so Stem and leaves hairy. Floral leaves minutely hairy .... Floral leaves plumose with long white hairs . fffBracts next the calyx linear spines, often with 1-2 spinous teeth ....... **ACANTH0IDEA. — Ovary with 2 similar ovules in each cell ; capsule (except by accident) perfecting more than 2 seeds. tBracts next a flower simple spines (see also B. Mar- lothiinw^ B. Kirkii). Hairs simple, often finer white hairs with long tawny hairs mixed or on the young parts (except jB. longissima) . Flowers (said to be) axillary solitary — i.e., axillary racemes reduced to 1-flower with or without a rudiment of a second, verv rarely 2-flowered, 1. B. Prionitis. 3. B. diacantha. 2. B. proxima. 4. B. indutn. 5. 6. B. trispinosa. B. senensis. 7. 8. B. Smithii. B. hererorensis. 9. B. eranthemoides . 11. B. set ig era. 10. 12. B. quadrispina. B. waggana. 13. B. triacautha. 142 XCVIII. ACANTHACE.E (cLARKE). [ Imrleria. B. grandicalyx. B. (jrandicalyx, var. B. ramulosa. B. nyasensis. B. huxifolia. B. crassa. B. longissima. B. blepharoides. B. Marlothii. B. acanthoides. Leaves many up to 1 in. in length. Leaves 2 in. long; posticous sepal spine- toothed . . . . . .14. Leaves 1 in. long ; posticous sepal entire . 14. Leaves 1 in. long ; posticous sepal spine- toothed . . . . . . 15. -S. mucronata. Leaves (at least all the upper seen) scarcely 1 in. long. Posticous sepal spine-toothed. Posticous sepal 5 in. long, silky hairy Posticous sepal f in. long, membranous, veined ...... Posticous sepal hardly spinous. Spines slender, glabrescent Spines simply hairy ; leaves very thick and hairy ...... Spines gland-hairy ; corolla-tube 4 in. long . Racemes unilateral, several-flowered ffBracts next a flower toothed or compound spines, or toothed or pinnatifid leaves. Racemes several-flowered, often many-flowered. Posticous sepal not, or occasionally very sparingly, spine-toothed. Posticous sepal ^ in. broad, lanceolate Posticous sepal ^ in. broad, ovate Posticous sepal spine-toothed, papery, reticulate- nervose. Innovations and leaves stellate-hairy beneath except in age. Stems shortly hairy or finally glabrate. Leaves hardly 1 in. long ; posticous sepal i in. wide ..... Leaves up to 2 in — I in. wide Leaves 3 in. long, liths beneath ..... Stem with spreading white hairs y^-g in, long. Stellate hairs none or very few. Heads axillary, dense, subcapitate. Posticous sepal 1^ in. long Posticous sepal f in. long Heads axillary, manifestly unilateral, racemose Leaves less than 1 in. long, spine-tipped Villous ; corolla-tube If in. . Shortly caiiescent ; corolla-tube 1;^ in. Leaves 3 in. long, and upwards. Posticous sepal scarcely -I in. wide, deeply spinous . . . . . 32. jB. elegans. Posticous sepal \ in. wide, shallowly spine-toothed .... Heads terminal, short-cylindric, dense . long ; posticous sepal with prominent cysto- 24. B. Kirkii.- 25. B. spinulosa. 26. B. Clivorum. 27. B. consanguinea. 28. 29. B. B. capitala. Steudneri. 30. 31. B. B. mucronifolia. homoiotricha. 33. 34. B. carruthersiana. B. yiava. Series B. Spineless. Bracts and sepals entire or scarcely toothed. *SoMALiA. — Lower ovule in each cell minute or 0 ; capsule never having more than 2 seeds, small ovoid with Barle7'ia.'\ XCVIII. ACANTHACE^ (cLARKE). 143 iry leaf. linear beak ; ovary densely and minutely h capsule minutely hairy or nearly glabrate. Hairs simple, with some (especially on the margins) attached by their centre. Leaves sessile. Leaves oblong or linear-oblong . . . . Leaves ovate-elliptic ..... Leaves shortly petioled. Outer sepal truncate at the base Outer sepal distinctly cordate . . . . Many glandular hairs ...... **Eu-Barlekia. — Ovary with, 2 similar ovules (or the lower smaller) in each cell ; capsule (not known to be rostrate) frequently perfecting 4 seeds. Hairs simple or stellate, none canescent and attached by their centre. (The capsule is not known in many species below, and is sometimes 2-seeded, sometimes 4-seeded. In a large number of species the lower ovule is smaller and the capsule probably 2-seeded. On the other hand, the whole JB. repens group (nos. 67-72) appear to be normally 4-seeded. This variability is strongly against the admission of Somalia as a j^enus.) ■fOlabratce. — Mature leaves glabrate, or with small bristles on the nerves. Flower* and leaves usually large or medium (smaller in B. cyanea and B. Lugardii). Species of Lower Guinea (chiefly Welwitschian from Angola), Flowers clustered towards the ends of the branches. Leaves ovate ; anticous calyx-segment 1 in. long Leaves lanceolate ; aiiticous calyx-segment f in. long. Anticous calyx-segment 2-lobed Anticous calyx-segment entire .... Leaves spathulate-elliptic ..... Lower flowers axillary. Leaves up to 5^ by 2 in. . Leaves 1 by ^ in. Species of East and South Tropical Africa. Leaves subsessile, almost truncate at the base. Leaves oblong ; posticuus sepal 1^ in. long Loaves elliptic; posticous sepal 1 in. long Leaves petioled, narrowed at the base. Corolla-tube 2 in. long ..... Corolla-tube ^ in. long ..... Leaves scarcely petioled, narrowed at the base. Corolla exceeding 1 in. in length. Leaves 3 by ^ in., linear-lanceolate Leaves 2 by I in., elliptic .... Corolla scarcely f in. in total length Y(Stellato-hirt(2. — Innovations (at least) stellately hairy. Flowers in ovoid dense heads. Outer floral leaves broadly ovate, much imbricated. 35. 36. 37. 38. 31K B. artjenten. B. parvijiora. B. llochstetteri. B. orbicularis. B. glandulifera. 40. B. polyneura. 41. 42. 43. B. B. B. violascens. obtvsi.^epala. Welwit-sckii. 44. 45. B. B. alata. cyanea. 46. 47. B. B. calophylla. calophylloides. 48. 49. B. B. qraudis. Mackenii. 50. 51. 52. B. B. B. marqinata. ukamcn.sis. Lugardii. 144 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (CLARKE). [I^arleria. i Floral leaves, thick, brown-red, viscid Floral leaves white-ciliate .... Floral leaves ultimately papery .... Outer rioral leaves elliptic, but little imbricated. Leaves apiculate ; calyx ^ in. long Leaves obtuse ; calyx ^ in. long Flowers in short unilateral axillary cyines fff VilloscB. — Leaves when mature more or less hairy on the surface, with no stellate nor centrally fixed hairs. Cymes short, 3-1-flowered, approximated in the upper axils, so as to form a terminal, more or less inter- rupted spike. Species of West Atrica. Dark green ; posticous sepal quadrate-oblong . Very villous ; posticous sepal lanceolate . Species of East or East Central Africa. Posticou^ sepal quite entire. Yellow-green, strigose with tawny hairs Dark green, mature leaves minutely hairy Spikes strobiliform, softly grey-villous Posticous sepal minutely toothed Cymes not strobilate ; many of the few-flowered cymes in distant axils, or on shortened lateral branches. Corolla (in total length) ]l-2 in. Species of West Africa. Flower-clusters axillary ; bracts nearly glabrate Flowers 3 or 4 subterminal ; bracts softly hairy ....... Species of East Africa. Leaves tapering at the base. Leaves 4-6 in. long, subsessile. Leaves uniformly pale green beneath Leaves strongly reticulated beneath Leaves seldom up to l|-2 in. long, very shortly petioled. Posticous sepal f in. long, ovate Posticous sepal 1 in. long, cordate . Posticous sepal ~ in. long, ovate Leaves rounded at the base, conspicuously petioled ...... Corolla (in total length) f— |^ in. Posticous sepal subentire. Leaves 1^ in. long, villous ; posticous sepal 5 in- Jong Leaves ^-f in. long, villous ; posticous sepal \-k in- long Leaves 1:^ in. long, strigose ; posticous nearly ^ in., rounded Posticous sepal toothed .... 53. B. st ellato-tomentosa. 54. B. stelligera. 55. B. albostellata. 56. B. salicifolia. 57. B. Hildehrandtii. 58. B. fulvostellata. 61. 62. 63. 64. B. opaca. B. villosn. B. ventricosa, B. Qrantii. B, Limnogeton. B. vix-dentata. 65. B. ruellioidea. QQ. B. Anfunesi. 67. B. Holstii. 68. B. neurophylla. 69. 70. 71. B. repens. B. querinibensifi.. B. Boehmii. 72. B. Volkensii. 73. 1 B. Stnhlmanni. i . 75. B. usamharica. 1- . 76, . 74. . B, rotundisepala. . B. micrantha. 1. B. Prionitis, Linn. Sp. Plant. 636. Glabrous or slightly- hairy. Stems 1-8 ft. high. Leaves up to 7 by 2 in. (commonly 3J by 1 in.), elliptic, narrowed at both ends, entire, full of cystoliths ; petiole 0-J in. long ; young and floral-leaves narrowed at the base, BarleHa.'] xcviii. acanthace.e (clarke). 145 glabrous or with a few simple stiff erect white or fuscous hairs. Inter- petiolar spines J-| in. long, rigid, acicular, simple, 2 opposite or often ?) or 4 (1 or 2 of the succeeding pair developed) ; bracts next the calyx similar to the spines, terete or somewhat trigonous at the ba.se. Inflor- escence reduced nearly to a simple spike, short or long, frequently with solitary flowers in the lower distant axils, but sometimes with 2-flowered racemes. Posticous sepal h in. long, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, usually mucronate, glabrous or nearly so, erect in fruit ; anticous segment sometimes quite entire (not distinctly 2-nerved), sometimes with 2 lanceolate mucronate teeth one-sixth the length of the segment. Corolla yellow, 2-lipped ; tube (cylindric part) hardly J in. long ; posticous lip of 4 connate segments J-1 in. long; anticous segment clawed, shorter. Filaments glabrous; pollen globose, honeycombed. Capsule J-| in. long, ovoid-conic, beaked, 2-seeded. — Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 237; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 28 (only as to non- African plants) ; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 2G5; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 482; Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 03, t. 1, fig. 29, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 314, fig. 105 C, fig. 100 B, fig. 125 E, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 300 partly. B. Ilystrix, Linn. Mant. 89, not of A. Rich. B. p'ionitoides^ Engl, in Engl. Jahrb. x. 262 ; Rumph. Herb. Amb. vii. 22, t. 13. Nile Iiand. British East Africa : Ribe to Galla country, Wakefield ! Tana liiver, Thomas, 16! Iiower Guinea. Angola: Loaiida, Welwitsch, 5067! 5138! 5190! Anibriz, Wehvitsch, 5141 ! Monteiro ! Hereroland : Karribib, 3200 ft., Marloth, 1430 ! XMEozamb. Bist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Blantyre, Buchanan ! Also in Tropical Asia. This plant is much cultivated, and spreads as a weed ; the iiowers vary from orange-yellow to cream-colour. The form called B. prionitoides differs by its long simple spikes, and is common in India, As to the synonymy, B. Hystrix, Linn., is founded wholly on Rumph. Herb. Amb. vii. t. 13, a Malayan plant which can be no other than B. PHonitis, Linn., under which, moreover, the identical plate of Rumphius is quoted. The type example of B. Ilystrix in Linnaeus' own herbarium is exactly B. prionitoides, Engl. 2. B. proxima, Lindau m Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [1890] 72. Leaves oblong, 1 by ^ in., sparsely hairy. Interpetiolar spines ^ in. long ; often 3 or 4. Filaments of fertile stamens minutely hairy. Ovary minutely hairy ; otherwise as B. Prionitis. •stile land. Somaliland : Ogaden Desert, Riva, 253, 299, 344, 366 ! 3. B. diacantha, Xees in DC. Prod. xi. 238 partly. Interpetiolar spines up to J-1 in. long, often paired. Floral leaves obovate- lanceolate, spine-tipped, rigid. Posticous sepal J in. long, ovate, acuminate or spine-tipped; otherwise as B. Prionitis.—A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abys^. ii. 144, not of Solms-Laub. B. Prionitis, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 28 mainly. B. Marghilomanoi, Schweinf. et Volk. Liste PI. d. Somalia, 16, and in Ghika, Pays des Somalis, 210. 146 xcviii. ACANTHACE.E (clarke). [BaHeHa. Ifflle I.and. Eritrea: Avrot Valley, 4300 ft., Schweinfiirth Sf Riva, 1407! Selet Valley, 5500 ft., Schweinfurth ^ Riva, 1666! Abyssinia, Schimper, 682! 1922 ! Qiiartin- Dillon lst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, Smith ! The differences between B. grandicalyx and its var. are greater than those between some species hereabout. This plant is very near, and has been regarded as equal to B. Oueinzii, Sonder, from Natal ; which differs by having the leaves rounded at the base. In the Ang( length of the outer, lanceolate-linear. 15. B. mucronata, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 24. Leaves up to 1^ by ^ in. Posticous sepal f by ^ in., strongly spine-toothed. Capsule I in. long, 4-seeded ; otherwise as B. grandicalyx. — Lindau in Enjjjl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 3G0. B. kilimandscharica, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 2G, in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 315, and in Eng. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 3G9. Mozamb. I>lst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, 3500 ft., Volketis, 1G13 I 1753a ! 2141 ! 2142 ! 7000 ft., Meyer, 57 ! Usambara ; Nyika Steppe, Hoist, 3916 ! Mascheua, Hoist, 8853 ! B. mucronata, Lindau, has grey hairs, and B. kilimandscharica tawny ; B. grandi- VOL. V. F 150 xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). [Barle^-ia. calyx has much larger leaves with curved primary nerves, otherwise I see little difference. Lindau contrasts B. mucronata with JB. Kirkii (by which he means B. spinulosa) ; this differs a good deal by the sterile bracts being nearly reduced to pinnatifid spines, and the inflorescences having (very many of them) several flowers. IG. B. raxnulosa, C. B. Clarke. Stem soft, with spreading and deflexed hairs ; branches many ; nodes very many, short. Leaves J- J in. long, sessile, elliptic, somewhat obovate, obtuse, mucronate, hairy on both faces with small white crispate hairs and scattered long brown needle-like 1-celled hairs; interpetiolar spines J in. long, simple, straight or slightly recurved, more or less hairy. Flowers solitary (rarely 2) ; bracts J in. long, reduced to simple spines, hairy, slightly recurved. Posticous sepal J by ;| in., with many spinous teeth on the margin, hairy ; interior sepals \ in. long, oblong-linear. Ovary glabrous, style n^rly § in. long. Capsule less than \ in. long, 4:-seeded. Nile Ziand. British East Africa: 2500 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6312! Duruma, Sildehrtiyidt, 2339 ! Resembles much B. huxifolia, Linn., which has a capsule ~ in. long. 17. B. nyasensis, C. B. Ch/rke. Branches closely hairy with erect hairs. Leaves J by J in., sessile, elliptic, almost acute, mucronate, with many short white hairs and some long 1-celled tawny hairs; interpetiolar spines J in. long, simple, hairy, somewhat recurved. Flowers solitary ; bracts J in. long, simple, hairy, recurved. Posticous sepal |-1 by J-| in., quadrate-ovate, veined, sparsely hairy, with many triangular-mucronate teeth. Corolla exceeding IJ in. in length, blue; tube more than 1 in. long, linear-cylindric, slightly wider upwards. XVIozamb. Dlst. Portuguese East Africa : Mountains east of Lake Nyasa, Johnson ! This hardly differs from B. mysorensis. Roth, which has, however, the corolla usually sraiiller. It is not unlikely that the mature plant of B. nyasensis produces sometimes much larger leaves than those seen. 18. B. buxifolia, Linn. Sp. Plant, ed. ii. 887. Branches with lax spreading hairs. Leaves J-§ in. long, ovate or obovate, subobtuse, mucronate, nearly sessile ; hairs on both faces scattered, white, short, crispate, also some long, tawny, needle-like, 1-celled ; inter-petiolar spines ^-J in. long, simple, straight, glabrous. Flowers mostly solitary ; bracts J-J in. long, reduced to simple spines. Posticous sepal J by I in. (in the African specimen), broadly oblong, apiculate, veined, hairy, hardly toothed. Corolla-tube (in Indian examples) |-1 in. long, slightly widened upwards, limb purple-blue. Capsule (in African example) f in. long, 4-seeded. — Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 241 ; Wight, Ic. t. 870; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 483. B. acanthoides, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 127, not of Vahl. Barleria, sp. 1, T. Thoms. in Speke, Nile Append. 643. Dicranacanthus buxifoliaf Orsted in Vidensk. Meddel. Kjob. 1854, 1 ?>(;.— Rheede, Hort. Mai. ii. 91, t. 47. Barleria.] xcviii. ACANXHACE.f: (clarke). 151 MozazQb. Dist. Without locality, collected in 18G0, Speke ^- Grant ! Also extends to India. The branchlet, which is the African material for this species, has no flower, but there is a ripe capsule. It is either B. huxifolia or excessively near thereto. The small simple shining-brown acicular spines show that it certainly is not near B. acanthoides. 19. B. crassa, C. B. Clarke. Branches closely hairy with erect hairs. Leaves up to 1 by J in., thick, densely hairy. Posticous calyx- segment hairy, slightly toothed ; otherwise as B. ramulosa. Mozaxnb. X>lst. T South African Goldfields, Baines ! The peculiar 2-fold indumentum of the leaves is exactly as that of B. ramulosa, of which this might be a dry-country form. 20. B. longissima, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [l>:lst. German East Africa: Unyamwezi, 5'^MA/?«a??7?, 496 ! 22. B. Marlothii, Engl, in Engl Jahrh. x. 262. Small shrub; branches densely canescent with minute simple white hairs, and with subsessile yellow glands, many-striate ; internodes ^-H in. long. Leaves IJ by ^ in., broadly oblong, obtuse, tapering at the base, minutely hairy\ Racemes unilateral, condensed, several-flowered (in Welwitsch's examples 2-1 -flowered) ; sterile bracts J in. long, spine- tipped, recurved, base lanceolate green canescent ; fertile bracts J in. long, oblong, falcate, toothed or subentire. Posticous sepal up to I by ^ in., lanceolate, margin sometimes spine-toothed, sometimes with one or no tooth, canescent, and with many subsessile yellow glands. Corolla-tube J in. long, hardly dilated at the top. Capsule J-A in. long, perfecting 4 seeds. Barleria, sp. nova B. acanthoidi, Vahl, affinis, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 270. Iiower Guinea. Angola: Moesamcdes, Weluntsch, 5013! 5024! Chclla Mountains, Johnston ! German South-west Africa : Herei-oland ; Otyimbinguo. Schinz, II ! Marloth, 1315 ! 152 xcviii. ACANTHACE-E (cLARKE). [Barleritt. 23. B. acanthoides, Vahl, Syinh. i. 47. Harsh prickly branched undershrub ; branches densely canescent. Leaves 1-2 in. long, oblong- elliptic, obtuse, mucronate, hairy, narrowed at the base, petiole 0— | in. long ; interpetiolar spines simple 2-4 together, or compound. Racemes 1-8-flowered, condensed, unilateral, scorpioid ; bracts appearing as flat- tened toothed more or less leaf-like or pinnatifid spines. Posticous sepal § by h ^^■•) ovate, veined, sparsely hairy, entire or ciliate, hardly toothed; lateral sepals less than J as long, linear-oblong. Corolla white ; tube often 3 in. long and upwards, cylindric, funnel-shaped only just at the top; lobes J in. long. Capsule h in. long, 4-seeded. — Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 240 ; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 145 ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn Soc. vii. 27 in small part; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 105, 242, exclud. syn. R. Br. ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 484 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, iv. 624 ; Lindau in Engl, k Prantl, I^flanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 314, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 3(59, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [1890] 71. Wahabia longijiora, Fenzl ex Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 105. Nile Z.ancl. Nubia : Coast-land, 3000-4000 ft., Bent ! Suakin, Schweinfurth, 276! Dulac Archipelago, Steudner, 1507! Kordofan, Kotschy, 58! 73! Pfund, 221! 318! Diirtur, Pfund, 425! 426! 439! Eritrea: near Mount Yangous, 1100 tt., Schweinfarlh Sf Riva, 599! Habab, 3000 ft., Hildehrandt, 451! Massowa, Lord! Abyssinia: Gageros, 3500-5000 ft., Schimper^ 128! Tacazze River, Schimper, 1856! Somalil.nul : Ogaden, Rolecchi, 241! Mozamb. Dist. Gerinan East Africa, Fischer, 183 ! 24. B. Kirkii, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 30. Branch stout, glabrous, white ; branchlets densely hairy with spreading clustered almost stellate hairs and with numerous gland-tipped hairs. Leaves l_l by l-l in., elliptic, triangularly narrowed at both ends, densely tomentose with white stellate hairs (more or less disappearing in age) and with few gland-tipped hairs, also with simple long 1-celled tawny acicular hairs, especially on the nerves; petiole O-tt^ ^^- long. Racemes 2-1- flowered ; bracts (sterile and fertile) J-J in. long, spines apparently subulate, simple, but minutely toothed, hairy. Posticous and anticous calyx-segments subequal, J by J in., oblong, spine-toothed, becoming scarious reticulate-veined before the fruit is ripe. Style J in. long. Capsule J in. long, 4-seeded. Mozamb. Dlst. Portuguese East Africa : Kaurabassa Rapids, 30 miles above Tete, Kirk ! Tliis is not the B. Kirkii of authors, who underst;ind thereby the next species, B. spinulosa, Klotzsch. 25. B. spinulosa, Klotzsch in Peters, JReise Mossamh. 208. Branches with some spreading clustered hairs and many gland-tipped hairs, hardly glabrescent in age. Leaves up to 3 J by IJ in., elliptic, narrowed at both ends, stellately tomentose when young, becoming more or less glabrate when mature, and then showing no cystoliths under a micro- scope; gland-tipped hairs few, simple straight tawny hairs many; petiole y^-J in. long. Racemes 1-4-flowered (in Buchanan, 1028, stout, Barle7'ia.] xcviii. acantuace^ (clakke). 153 8-flowered) ; bracts (sterile and fertile) J-§ in. long, linear or lanceolate, green, spine-toothed (in Bitchanan, 1028, longer, stouter). Posticous and anticous calyx-segments subequal, | by ^ in., ovate, spine-toothed, reticiilately veined (but sometimes, B. squarrosa^ Klotzsch, scarcely \ in. wide, oblong). Corolla pale purple-blue ; tube § ir.. long, cylindric to the top; lobes |-J in. long. Capsule h in. long, 4-seeded. — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 361). B. squarrosa, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. 207; Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 869. IVIozamb. I>lst. Portuguese East Africa: Kerimbii Islands, Peters! Lower Zambesi ; below Shigogo, Kirjc I between Tete and Lupata, Kirk ! Zambesi, Kirk ! Tete, Peters ! Lower valley of tbe River Shire, Meller ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; by the River Shire, Kirk ! Meller ! between Mpata and the Tanganyika Piatean, 2000-3000 ft., Whyte ! Songwe and Karonga, 1700-2000 ft., Whyte,'2^)\ Lake Nyasa ; Lukoma (Likoma Islands?), Bellingham ! Nyasaland, Buchanan, 173! 1028! 1313! 26. B. Clivorum, C. B. Clarke. Innovations, and young leaves beneath, stellate-tomentose. Leaves up to 4 J by IJ^ in., acuminate at either end, when mature glabrous beneath with conspicuous cystoliths ; petiole up to l\ in. long; otherwise as B. spimdosa. XVIozamb. Sist. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; Shupanga, Kirk ! British Central Africa: Nyasaland; between Mpata and the Tanganyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ft., Whyte ! 27. B. consanguinea, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. 208. Branches thickly clothed with spreading white soft hairs -j\^ in. long, without any gland-tipped hairs. Leaves 2-1 J in. long; otherwise as B. sjnnulosa. — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 36 1). XVIozamb. Bist. Portuguese East Africa : Beirn, Braya, 81 ! Lower Zambesi ; Rios de Sena, Peters! Shupanga, Scott! 28. B. capitata, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. 210. Branch canescent with short incurved white hair. Leaves 1 by \-\ in., sub- obtuse, narrowed at the base, subsessile, simply hairy. Inflorescence a unilateral, very dense, many-flowered raceme 1-1 i in. in diam. ; sterile bracts \-\ in. long, reduced to deeply pinnatifid stifi' spines; fertile bracts 1 in. long, lanceolate, ciliate subspine-toothed. Posticous sepal 1^ in. long, ovate-lanceolate, ciliate spine-toothed. Style '2h in. long. Capsule f in. long, 4-seeded, glabrous. — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 360. XTlle Iiand. Eritrea : Schweinfurih, 1071 ! XMCozamb. I>ist. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; Rios de Sena, Peters ! British Central Africa : Rhodesia ; Leshumo Valley, Iloluh ! Allied to B. lichtensteiniana of South Africa. 29. B. Steudneri, C. B. Clarke. Small branched shrub, with simple hairs all over. Leaves up to 1 b> J in., obovate-elliptic, tip mucronate, base narrowed into a petiole yV i"- l^"?- Spikes dense, U 154 xcviii. ACANTiiACE.E (clarke). [Barlerla. in. in diam, ; sterile bracts J in. long, altogether spinous pinnatifid ; outer fertile bracts up to 1 by f in., ovate, acute, with many innocuous teeth. Calyx § in. long ; posticous segment obovate-oblong, shaggy. Corolla dark blue, more than 1 in. long. wrile Ziand. Eritrea : Keren, Steudner, 1508 : 30. B. xnucronifolia, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Hot. Roma vi. [1890] 71. Branch woody, hairy. Leaves | by ;J in., triangular at either end, hairy on both surfaces, tip with a hard spine ^'^ in. long. Spikes If by 1 J in., unilateral ; sterile bracts 1 in. long, reduced to pinnatifid spines ; empty bracts to spike 1 in. long, lanceolate, spinous. Posticous sepal 1 by J-^ in., ovate, acute, spinescent, hairy. Corolla purple-blue, tube 1| in. long inflated near the top. Ifflle Ziand. Somaliland : Gonene, Riva, 1098 31. B. hoxnoiotricha, C. B. Clarke. Canescent with many short incurved white simple hairs. Leaves J by \ in., obovate-elliptic, tip obtuse with a mucro, base narrowed; petiole 0-i in. long. Sterile bracts up to J in. long, reduced to compound pinnatifid rigid spines; raceme many-flowered, unilateral, dense ; fertile bracts f in. long, elliptic-lanceolate, few-toothed. Posticous sepal | by ^ in., acute, margin spine-toothed; anticous calyx-segment hardly J in. long, ovate, obtuse, entire or nearly so. Corolla-tube \\ in. long, funnel-shaped at the top. Filaments with scattered short white hairs nearly to the top. Ovary glabrous ; ovules 2, subsimilar in each cell ; style glabrous, wdth a veiy few microscopic hairs near the base. isrile Ziand. Somaliland, Miss Edith Cole ! Oillet Sf Aylmer ! This is allied to B. mucronifot'a, Lindau, but has short uncurved grey (instead of villous) hairs, and smaller tlowers. 32. B. elegans, >S'. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 2G0, excluding syn. Hairs simple or obscurely clustered. Branches 2 ft. long. Leaves up to 3 J, by 1/j in., quite entire, narrowed into a petiole 0-i in. long. Racemes unilateral, 1-lJ in. long, 2-8-flowered ; fertile bracts \ by ^ in., spine-toothed. Posticous sepal J in. long, elliptic, acute, spine- toothed. Corolla blue-mauve; tube |-| in. long, narrowly funnel- shaped ; lobes .\ in. long. Capsule J in. long, 4-seeded. — B. pungens, var. macrophyllaj Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 237, not of Linn. ILower Guinea. Loango, Soyanx, 26 ! Angola, Weltvitsch, 5034 ! 5068 ! 5114! 5122! 5187! K\r\hv\z, Monteiro ! Huilla ; Yixxm^aidi, Johnston ! Also in South Africa. In this plant the cystnliths are sometimes conspicuous in the leaves, sometimes altogether obscure. It is not easy to understand how Nees supposed it could b-,- a var. of the Cape B. jmngeub-, Linn., which has small toothed leaves with a different indumentum, and bears no superficial resemblance to B. elegans. 33. B. carruthersiana, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 270. Strigose ; internodes 3^ in. long, or only IJ in. long. Leaves up to 6 J Barleria,] xcviii, acanthace.« (clarke). 155 by 2J in. (often much smaller), narrowed into a petiole ^ in. long. Racemes 1-1^ in. long, unilateral; fertile bracts ^-'^ in. long, elliptic- lanceolate, margin toothed (in the sterile bracts doubly toothed or sub- pinnatitid). Posticous sepal nearly | in. long and broad, spine-toothed. Corolla blue ; tube J in. long, slightly widened upwards. Ovary with 2 subsimilar ovules in each cell. Ito-wer Guinea. z\ngola : Quitibe de Cimn, Welwitsch, 50401 Chella Mountains, Johnston ! 34. B. flava, Jacq. Eclog. 07, t. 46. Innovations and stem strigose with tawny hairs. Leaves -7 by 2 in., attenuated at both ends, when mature strigose mainly on the nerves beneath ; petiole C»- j in. long. Spikes very dense, up to 12-20-flowered (those seen all terminal) ; fertile bracts 1-1|^ in. long, linear, spine-toothed. Posticous sepal ^ by I in., ovate, spine-toothed ; anticous calyx-segment J in. long, ovate, obscurely bilid at the tip, spine-toothed. Corolla yellow (when dry mauve-violet) ; tube 1;^ in. long, cylindric; lobes f in. long. Stamens 4, 2 very rudi- mentary; anthers muticous. Ovary glabrous, with 2 ovules in each cell ; style glabrous, branches 2, subequal, linear, short, approximated. — Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 224; Bot. Mag. t. 4113; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 32 ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 314. B. senegalensis, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 224 ; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 480. B. Afzeliiy Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 319. Eran- themum Jiavum, Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. Suppl. 2. Upper Guinea. Senegambia : Rio Nunoz, Setidelof, 644 ! and without pre- cise locality, Whitfield ! Sierra Leone : near Mofari, Scott-Elliot, 4423 ! and witluiut precise locality, Afzelius ! Long cultivated in European gardens. Tlie above description is from Scott-JElliot, 4423, noted to have yellow flowers, which have become in drying mauve-purple, as stated by Nees. Tlie descriptions of the old garden plant recede in various ways ; the wild plant appears a typical Barleria; Jacquin figures the stamens as 4, fertile, equal ; the anthers are said to be sometimes tailed, the stigmas abnormal, &c. 35. B. argentea^ Balf.f. in Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinh. xii. ^Q). Small branched shrub without spines ; young branches canescent with minute 1-celled strigillose hairs. Leaves 1 by ^-\ in., oblong or narrowly elliptic, base narrowed, when young canescent, when mature glabrate on the faces with cystoliths, with medifixed hairs on the margin, sub- sessile or with a petiole y^ in. long. Cymes 1-3-flowered, condensed, small, scattered ; bract and calyx with many minute spreading white hairs and gland-tipped few- or 1-celled hairs; bract \ in. long, nearly linear, Posticous sepal \ in. long, linear from an oblong base; anticous calyx-segment \ in. long, oblong, nari'owed to a ligulate minutely notched tip ; 2 inner sepals I in. long. Corolla-tube J in. long, cylindric, slightly dilated at the top; limb \ in. long or rather more (whole corolla f in. long, fide Balfoiu-). Stamens anthers and pollen of typical Barleria. Ovary minutely hairy, style glabrous, stigmas exactly of Barleria; ovules 2 in each cell, lower minute (but \isible microscopically in the 156 xcviii. ACANTHACE/E (clarke). [BavUria. capsule). Capsule \ in. long, silky, 2-seeded, the linear-conic beak \ in. long, forming half the capsule, seeds altogether of the genus. — Balf. f. in Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin. xxxi. 214; Lindau in Engl. &l Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 815. B. schweinfurthiana, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 26, in Engl, ik Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 8 B. 315, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 369. B. diffusa, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 315; Eendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 398. B. yemensis, Lindau in Engl, tk Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 315. B. jucunda, Lindau in Ann. Istit. J5ot. Roma vi. [1896] 75. B. Philli^jsece, Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1897, 378. Somalia diffusa, Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 1528, and in James, Unknown Horn. Afr. 321, t. 3; Schweinf. in Hohnel, Zum Kudolph-See und Stephanie- See, Sonderabdr. 1892, 6. Nile Iiand. Somalilaiid, James ^ Thrupp ! Darar, Donaldson Smith ! Yafir, 6500 ft., Hildehrandt, 860c ! German East Africa : Usambara ; West of the Pare Rangf , 600-2500 ft., Hohnel, 6 ! An example bearing the MS. name Oossypiospermum, Schioeinfurth, 1977a, at Kew, contains the present ])lant and Ruellia patula, Jacq. In B. jucunda, Lindau, tlie capsule is glabrous or very nearly so ; the upper part of the young ovary is glandular and hairy. 36. B. parviflora, R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. A2)pend. 65. Branches with closely adpressed white hairs. Leaves up to IJ by | in., ovate- elliptic, obtuse, rounded at the base, sessile, when young with some medifixed hairs on the margin, when mature nearly glabrate. Cymes lax, 1-3-flowered ; bract nearly J in. long, broad-lanceolate. Two outer calyx-segments exceeding ^ in. long, ovate, acute; posticous notched. Corolla (whole length) J in., or scarcely more. Ovary with 2 ovules in each cell, lower minute. Capsule J in. long, 2-seeded, pubescent, beaked. — T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 29 ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. • 315. B. Harnierii, Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 106, 242. B. paucijiora, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 315. B. cordifolia, Hochst. ex T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 29. Wile Iiand. Nubia : Mount Erkowit, near Suakin, Schweinfurth, 255 ! Eritrea : Habab. 5000 ft., llildehrandt, 453 ! Abyssinia : mountains near Gageros, 3500 ft., Schimper, 11! 2291! and without precise locality, Schimper, \Z^Z\ 1627'! Somali- land, Rira, 1680! 37. B. Hochstetteri, Xees in DC. Prod. xi. 231. Hairs and habit as of B. aryentea. Leaves up to 1| by J in., elliptic, obtuse, narrowed into a petiole \-\ in. long. Cymes few-flowered, lax ; pedicel often \ in. long, that of a lateral flower sometimes w^th minute linear bracteoles. Two outer calyx-segments nearly J by J in. ovate, entire, subequal. Corolla-tube J in. long, lobes \-\ in. long. Ovary with 2 ovules in each cell, lower minute. Capsule exceeding J in. long, 2-seeded. minutely hairy, beaked. — Wight, Ic. t. 1528 ; T. i^nders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 29 ; Zarb, Cat. Spec. Bot. Pfund, 32 ; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. FL Aethiop. 107, 243 ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 483; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 315, fig. 125 Barleria.] xcviii. acanthace^ (clarke). 157 F. ; Rendle in Jourti. Bot. 1896, 395. B.Rivctei^ Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [189G] 74. B. Pirottaei, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [] 89fi] 75. Jiarlerites Ilochstetteri, Orsted in Yidensk. Meddel. Kjob. 1854, 137. Iflle ]Land. , Dalac Archipelago, Sleudner, 1512 ! Eritrea : near Saati, Schwein- furtk ^ Riva, 581 ! Nubia : betvveen Suakin and Berber, Schtveinfurth, 122 ! 426 ! Cordofan : Mount Arasch Cool, Kotschy, 159 ! and without precise locality, Kotschyy 1191476! Ffund,^\'i\ 426! Darfur, iyMwc?, 418 ! Abyssinia : Togodele, i:Ar6H/yer^\' Somaliland : Okoti, Donaldson Smith! Danna Torrent, Riva. 819! Daua River, Riva, 1082 1 B. aucheriana, Nees, united with this species by T. Anderson, I.e., has snbsessile, narrower leaves, and may be B. argentea. Nees' example is a fragment. Extends eastwards to Scinde. 38. B. orbicularis 9 Uochst. ex T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 92. Cymes dense, unilateral, or many reduced to 1 flower. Two outer calyx-segments J in. long and broad, tip rounded, base conspicuously cordate ; otherwise as B. Hochstetteri. — Lindau in Engl, it Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 315. B. cardiocalyx^ Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. FJ. Aethiop. 105, 242. B. chlamydocalyx, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [189G] 73. Nile Iiand. Abyssinia : Mountains near Gageros, 3300 (t., Schimper, 129 ! 2189 ! and without precise locality, Schimper^ 1270 ! 1630 ! Somaliland, Riva, 1464! B. chlamydocalyx is said by Lindau to differ by having gland-tipped hairs ; but there are gland-tipped Lairs on the young brandies of Schimper^ 2189. 39. B. glandulifera, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 22. Small much-branched shrub, in all parts puberulo-tomentose and glandular. Leaves i by J in., round-elliptic ; petioles up to -J in. long. Flowers solitary, axillary ; bracts nearly \ in. long, spathulate. Exterior calyx- segments \ in. long, oblong. Corolla-tube \ in. long ; lobes \ in. long. Ovary hairy, 2-ovulate ; style hairy towards the base. Capsule r in. long, 2-seeded. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 314. Nile Iiand. Somaliland : Ahl Mountains, 6300 ft., Hildebratidt, 860e ! The capsule is altogether that of sect. Somalia, but the hairs are spreading ; I see no stellate or basifixed hairs. 40. B. polyneura, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 2G6. Glabrous except two opposite lines of minute white hairs on the branches. Leaves 2 J by IJ in., ovate, reticulate-nerved, subsessile. Flowers approximated in the upper axils ; bract § by ^-^ in., liueiir-spathuhite. Posticous sepal l\ by | in., cordate-ovate, entire j anticous calyx- segment nearly 1 in. long, tip of two depressed-triangular teeth ; two inner sepals J in. long, glabrous. Corolla white ; tube purplish {S. Moore), |-1 in. long, funnel-shaped ; lobes scarcely \ in. lon<:. Capsule I in. long, glabrous, 2-seeded, tip conic. — Lindau in Engl. Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 314. Xiower Guinea. Angola ; near I.ake Ivantala, Welwitsch, 5029 ! iVr 158 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). [Barleria. 41. B. violascens, >S'. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1S80, 265. Leaves 2 J by ^ in., lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, subsessile. Bract 1 by ^V in., linear. Anticous calyx-segment f in. long, bilobed J- J the way down. Ovary with 2 ovules in each cell, lower v^ery much smaller ; otherwise as B. polyneura. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 391. Xiower Guinea. Angola : Huilla, 5000-5300 ft., Welwitsck, 5016 ! 5028 ! Antunes, 67 ! 42. B. obtusisepala, C. B. Clarke. Branches full of cystoliths, glabrous. Leaves up to P)| by |-1 in., lanceolate, subsessile, reticulate- nerved, when young with small scattered hairs on the surface and a few" yellow stiff hairs on the margin, w^hen mature nearly glabrous. Flow^ers approximated in the upper axils ; bract nearly 1 by J in. Two outer calyx-segments similar, subequal, | by 1 in., quadrate-oblong, suddenly narrowed at the top^ apiculate, minutely hairy and with a few yellow stiff hairs on margin ; two inner calyx-segments § in. long, glabrous, with stalked glands at the top. Ovary and style glabrous, ovules 2 in each cell, lower much smaller ; disc very short. — Barlerice sp. nova, B. scdicifolitti affinis, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 270. Iiower Guinea. Angola, Welwitsch, 5162 ! 43. B. Welwitschii, *S'. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 267. Root woody ; branches 1 ft. long or more, minutely pubescent, as are the innovations. Leaves up to 4 by 1 in., oblanceolate, obtuse, attenuate at the base, subsessile, when mature minutely pubescent on the midrib beneath. Flowers approximated in the upper axils ; bract \-h by -Ijp-yV in., linear or slightly spathulate, Posticous sepal | by J- J in., quadrate-oblong, tip short triangular, minutely pubescent ; anticous calyx-segment nearly similar but 2-nerved and the tip minutely notched ; two inner sepals \ in. long, very pubescent ; whole calyx with gland-tipped several-celled hairs. Corolla cream colour ; tube 1 in. long. Ovary glabrous.— Lindau in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 314. lower Guinea. Angola : Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5091 ! 44. B. alata, *S'. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 206. Innovations pubescent, and with gland -tipped several-celled hairs, branches up to 15 in. long, "pruinose" to the naked eye, minutely and densely pube- scent with very small white curved hairs. Leaves up to 5 J by 2 in., when mature nearly glabrous with minute hairs on the nerves beneath, tip triangular-acute, base triangular-acuminate so that the petiole appears winged. Flowers solitary in remote axils, also approximated in the upper axils ; bract J- J in. long, linear. Calyx pubescent and with gland-tipped several-celled hairs; posticous segment. | in. long, quadrate-oblong, tip depressed-triangular ; anticous segment nearly similar, but 2-nerved with the tip minutely notched ; two interior calyx-segments \ in. long. Corolla-tube 1 in. long, inflated nearly from the base ; lobes \-}, in. long. Ovary glabrous, setulose at the tip ; Barleria.] xcviii. acanthace.e (clarke). 159 ovules 2 in each cell ; style glabrous. Capsule 2-seeded, tip conic. — B. lancifolia, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 28. Iiower Guinea. Angola : Pungo Andongo and Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 5147! 5148! 5169! 5194! 5195! T. Anderson says the stem of his IJ. lancifolia was pruinose ; S, Moore says his B. (data differs chiefly by having the stem scarcely pruinose, but it has really the stem more than pruinose. As to the corolla-difference, when T. Anderson says his corolla was funnel-shaped with a very short tube, I suppose that he means that the cylindric part of the tube was very short. 45. B. cyanea, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 265. Shrub much branching; nodes slender, long, full of cystoliths, with two opposite lines of minute curved white hairs, soon glabrate. Leaves 1 by \ in., sessile, tip triangular, base narrowed, when mature with scattered hairs above or nearly glabrous. Flowers solitary ; bract ^ in. long, linear. Posticous sepal J by J— I in., entire, elliptic, sub- acute, reticulate-nerved, minutely hairy ; anticous calyx-segment nearly similar ; 2 inner sepals J in. long. Corolla intense blue {S. Moore) ; tube J in. long, slender; limb as long as the tube. Iiower Guinea. Angola : Mossamedes, Welwitsch, 5002 1 46. B. calophylla, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 17. Glabrous except the 2 inner sepals ; branches 15 in. long, from a woody root- stock. Leaves up to 3| by 1^ in., oblong, scarcely acute, sessile, base narrowed, rounded or cordate ; cystoliths obscure. Racemes o-1-flowered, condensed in the upper axils, running into an oblong head ; floral leaves as the stem-leaves, but smaller ; bract § in. long, linear-oblong. Posticous sepal 1| by J in., ovate-elliptic, glabrous, scarcely acute ; anticous calyx-segment similar but obscurely 2-nerved ; 2 inner sepals 1 in. long, linear, minutely pubescent. Corolla white, rose-suffused [Schweinfurth) ; tube Ij in. long, slightly funnel-shaped at the top; lobes 1\ in. long. Capsule J in. long, stout, with 4 seeds. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 'd B. 314. B. Kev.'toni^ Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 117. wile Iiand. British East Africa : Niamniam ; Gumba, Schioeinfurth, 3422 ! Bongo ; Addai, Schweinfurth, 2182 ! Iiower Guinea. Angola : Lobango, Netofon, 193 ! Lindau says £. Newtoni differs in having the leaves cordate at the base, but so has Schioeinfurth, 3422. 47. B. calophylloides, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 17. Glabrous or most obscurely puberulous, except the 2 inner sepals. Leaves 4 by 2 in., elliptic, rounded at the base, subsessile. Outer calyx-segments 1 in. long, ovate-elhptic ; anticous shallowly notched at the top. Corolla yellow {Lindau)', tube 1^^ in. long; lobes | in. long. Ovary with two ovules in each cell, lower very much smaller than upper. — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 368. Mozamb. Bist. German East Africa : between Lake Tanganyika and Lake 160 xcvin. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). [Barlerici. Rukwa, 6000 ft., Nutt ! Unyamwezi ; Gonda, Boehm^ 164 ! Uziiija ; Bukonie, Stuhlmann, 3431 ! British Central Africa : Urungu ; Fwanibo, Nutt ! 48. B. grandis, Xees in DC. Prod. xi. 238. Branched shrub, 2-3 ft. high ; branches with cystoliths and a few gland-tipped several-celled hairs, soon glabrate. Leaves up to 5^ by 1 J-2J in. ; narrow-elliptic to ovate, subsessile, when mature glabrate, with cystoliths. Racemes nearly all reduced to 1 flower, some in the lower axils, but chiefly in the upper axils forming a quasi-terminal dense panicle ; bracteoles J-| in. long, linear. Calyx densely short-hairy and glandular ; posticous sepal 1 \ by J in., broadly oblong, hardly acute ; anticous calyx-segrfient nearly similar but 2-nerved, minutely 2-toothed. Corolla blue {Xees) ; tube 2J in. long, slightly widened upwards; lobes If in. long. Ovary covered to the base with subsessile glands ; ovules 2 of equal size in each cell ; style glabrous. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 143 ; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. B. grandifolia, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 30 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 391. Barlerianthiis grandis, Orsted in Vidensk. Meddel. Kjob. 1854, 130. M'lle liand. Abyssinia : Tigre ; Addi-Cubbo-Hazzin, Schimper, 498 ! Mount Sinai, near Adowa, Schimper, 702 ! Axuui, Steudner, 1509 ! Shire, Quartin- Dillon ^ Petit, 283 ! and without precise locality, Parkyns ! 49. B. Mackeniiy Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 5866. — Branches minutely and densely white-hairy, giabrescent. Leaves 2\ by 1 in., narrowed at both ends, subsessile, minutely setulose on the nerves beneath or glabrate. Racemes mostly reduced to 1 flower, in distant axils and approximate at the ends of the branches ; bract | by ~ in. Posticous sepal 1 by J-| in., hardly acute, densely pubescent with small white hairs and with yellow bristles on the nerves ; anticous segments similar ; 2 inner sepals J in. long, linear. Corolla mauve ; tube J in. long ; lobes |-| in. long. Ovary covered to the base with minute white hairs and short-stalked glands; ovules 2 in each cell, the lower very much smaller than the upper ; style glabrous, or with a few hairs near the base. — Card. Chron. 1871, 72, fig. 10 ; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 266. Xiower Guinea. Amboland : Okasiraa-Ka-Namutenya, Schinz, 58 ! XkXozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Usagara, 650 ft., Stuhlmann, 8154 ; Britisli Central Africa : Matabeleland, Elliot, Tati Goldfields, McKen ! Goldfields, lat. 23° S., Chapman Sf Baines ! Rhodesia; Schneemann's Pan, Holub, 917! 918! Ngamiland ; Kwebe, Lugard, 124 ! 50. B. xnarginata, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 127, t. 128. Rootstock woody ; branches 1-1 J ft. long with 2 opposite lines of minute white curved hairs, glabrate. Leaves 3 by J in., narrowed to the base, sessile, when mature nearly glabrate except for yellow simple bristles on the margins and midrib beneath. Flowers approximate in Barleria.l xcviii. acanthace.* (clarke). 161 the upper axils, apparently a short terminal head ; bract and calyx pubescent and with some bristles; bract J-f in. long, linear-lanceolate, falcate. Posticous calyx-segment nearly | in. long, elhptic-lanceolate, acutely cuspidate ; anticous segment h in. long, broadly lanceolate, acutely cuspidate, obscurely 2-nerved ; 2 inner sepals nearly \ in. long, linear. Corolla-tube 1 in. long, linear, hardly dilated at the top ; lobes ^-J in. long. Ovary glabrous ; ovules 2 in each cell, lower much the smaller ; style glabrous. Capsule § in. long, 2-seeded, beak conic. — Lindau in Engl. Pfi. Ost-Afr. C. 308. Mrleria, sp. n. 2, T. Thorns, in Speke, Nile Append. 04;]. Mozamb. Dist. German Ertst Africa : Usaramo ; at Matamombo on tlie Kingane River, Speke ^ Grant ! 51. B. ukamensis, Lindau in Engl. PJ{. Ost-Afr. C. SOS. Branches hispidulous. Leaves up to 2 by 1 in., elliptic, triangular at either end, subsessile, when mature minutely hispidulous on the nerves beneath. Heads terminal, IJ by 1 in,, rather dense, sparingly hispid ; bracts J by J in., subobtuse. Posticous and anticous lobes of the calyx i by ^ in., subsimilar, subobtuse, hispidulous on the nerves. Corolla-tube J in. long, lobes § in. long. Ovary and style- base glandular hairy. Mozamb. Slst. German East Africa ; Usagara, 700 ft,, Sfuhlmann, 8154 ! 52. B. Lugardii, C. B. Clarke. Branches woody, IS in. long; innovations minutely white-hispid. Leaves li by h in., narrowed at each end, glabrous, somewhat glaucous ; cystoliths conspicuous ; petiole ^ in. long. Flowers solitary, in opposite axils; bract h in. long, linear. Posticous calyx-segment § in. long, ovate, acutely cuspidate, glaucous, with a few scattered white bristles ; anticous calyx-segment rather shorter with 2 short lanceolate teeth ; inner calyx-segments 1 in. long. Corolla white, total length scarcely J in. Ovary densely short hairy in the upper half. Mozamb. Blst. British Ci^ntral Africa : Ngamiland ; Kwebe, Lngard, 128 ! This species is near B. violaacens, but the leaves and flowers are much smaller, and the flowers are not all approximated in the upper axils. 53. B. stellato-tomentosa, S. Moore in Journ. Hot. ISSO, 2(;s. Plant clothed with stellate and simple yellow subpersistent hairs. Stems 15 in. long from a woody root. Leaves 2^ by h-'2 in., varying on one stem from broad-elliptic to narrow-oblong. Inflorescence in very dense hard terminal heads; Horal leaves imbricated, outer ovate, inner spathulate, \ in. long, thick, brown-red, shining, viscid stellate- hairy and yellow-bristly ; bract J by \ in., linear-spathulate. Posticous sepal \ by \-\ in., spathulate-obtuse ; anticous calyx-segment \ by J in., broadly elliptic, 2-nerved, shortly 2-lobed ; 2 inner sepals \ in. long, linear ; whole calyx with stellate and yellow simple hairs, more or less wearing oft'. Corolla violet-blue (/S'. Moore); tube ;/ in, long, linear-cylindric, very slightly dilated at the top; lobes \ in. long. 162 xcviii. ACANTHACE.E (clarke). [Barlevia. Ovary with a very few scattered stellate white hairs; style glabrous with a dense cluster of short glands at the base. Xiower Guinea. Angola : Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5095 ! 5165 ! 54. B. stelligera, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Rortui vi. [IHOO] 71. Shrubby, with stellate and some long white simple hairs. Leaves 1 by \ in., oblong-elliptic, obtuse, base tapering; petiole hardly any. Heads j in. long, terminal, very dense. Bracts J in. long, ovate. Sepals nearly J in. long, margins with many white simple hairs ^ in. long, which protrude prominently from the dense heads. Corolla J in. long. Otherwise resembling *S'. salicifolia. irile Xiand. Somaliland : .Tellago, Riva, 1439 ! bb. B. albostellata^ C. B. Clarke. Persistently white stellate- tomentose. Leaves up to :>}/ by 2\ in., ovate, subacute ; petiole up to ^ in. long. Inflorescence in dense globose terminal heads 2 in. in diam. ; floral leaves up to IJ by | in., not viscid, ultimately papery ; bract and calyx ultimately papery, with long white hairs and a few stellate hairs; bract 1 by ^ in., ligulate, falcate. Posticous sepal § in. long ; anticous calyx-segment 1 in. long, tip notched ; 2 inner sepals scarcely I in. long. Capsule nearly § by J in., 2-seeded. Mozamb. Blst. British Central Africa : Matabeleland ; by the Kiver Sliasha, Eoluh, 13i)7 ! "»(]. B. salicifolia, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 208. When young with spreading grey hairs and stellate hairs. Heads of flowers terminal on the stem and on short lateral spurs ; floral leaves elliptic- lanceolate, not imbricated nor viscid nor yellow-brown. Anticous calyx-segment | by h in., nearly twice as broad as the posticous sepal. Ovules 2 in each cell, lower very small. Capsule scarcely I in. long, 2-seeded ; otherwise as B. stellato-tomentosa. — B. stellato-toinentosa, var. ukambensis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 23, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. ;3G8 M-lle I.and. British East Africa: Vkambn, midebrandt, 2722 1 2722a; Taita; Ndara Mountain, 1900 ft., Hildehrandt, 2457 ! Ziower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, h\(j2\ 5103! 5119! Mozaznb. I>lst. German East Africa : Usambara ; Umba Valley, Smith ! This species, like B. stellato-tomentosa, shows remarkable variation in shape between the leaves on the same stem, and is (as S. Moore states) closely allied thereto. The heads, however, are difTcrcnt from the subglobose heads of -B. stellato-tomentosa, closely enclosed by the viscid coloured imbricated outer ovate floral leaves. 57. B. Hildebrandtii, >S'. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1877, Gl>. Small rugged branched shrub, with persistent stellate-white and strigose- yellow hairs. Leaves 1 by \ in., elliptic, narrowed at both ends, sub- petioled, tip obtuse. Heads terminal, few-flowered, bract and calyx with stellate white and hispid yellow hairs ; bract \ in. long, lanceolate. Posticous sepal J by J in. ; anticous calyx-segment J by 4 in., 2-nerved, Barki'ia.] xcviii. acanthace.e (clauke). 10;^ tip minutely 2-toothed ; 2 inner sepals | in. long, linear. Corolla-tube J in. long, linear-cylindric, a little narrowed at the top; lobes ^ in. long, obovate. Anthers rather shorter than in the neighbouring species. Ovary glabrous, or very nearly so ; ovules 2 in each cell, the lower much smaller, style glabrous with a dense cluster of short-stalked glands at the base. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. o91 ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pfianzenfam. iv. 3 B. 314, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [lH[)i\] 71 ; Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1S97, 376. NTlle X.and. Somaliland : Ahl Mountains, 4800-6500 ft., Eildebrandt, 866 ! Waggar Mountains, 5000 ft., Mrs. Lort Phillips ! Ualema, Riva, 1629 ! British Kast Africa: Coast of South Somaliland at Tula River, Kirk ! This is very near the small-leaved form of B. salicifolia, but has a much smaller calyx. 58. B. fulvostellata, C. B. Clarke. Whole shrub with scattered persistent tawny stellate hairs. Leaves up to 2J in. long and broad, round, apiculate ; petiole \-\ in. long. Cymes many, few-flowered, short, unilateral, axillary and terminal ; barren bracts J- J in. long, linear, entire, not spinous; fertile bract § by \ in., elliptic, acute, entire. Posticous sepal | in. long and broad, entire, obtuse, becoming papery ; anticous calyx-segment § in. long, obovate, tip of 2 short round lobes ; 2 lateral sepals J in. long, ovate, falcate, subacute. Corolla H in. in total length, a d*eep purple-blue when dried. Pistil glabrous with a large entire cup-shaped disc. XMEozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Tanganyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ft., Whyte ! Nyika Plateau, 6000-7000 ft., Whyte ! 181 ! 59. B. opaca, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 230. Straggling half- climbing shrub. Leaves 2\ by IJ in., narrowed at both ends, when mature with scattered simple hairs on both faces ; petiole U-J in. long. Cymes very short, 3-1-flowered, approximated in the upper axils and running into a dense spike ; floral leaves |-1 in. long, subsessile, similar to the lower leaves but smaller, hardly imbricated to form a strobilate spike ; bract h in. long, linear or scarcely spathulate. Posti- cous sepal nearly J in. long, entire, quadrate-oblong, shortly apiculate, hairy ; anticous segment rather shorter, 2-nerved, tip shortly 2-toothed ; 2 inner sepals ^-4 in. long, linear. Corolla-tube |-1 in. long, narrow funnel-shaped upwards; lobes J in. long. Ovaiy glabrous; ovules 2 in each cell ; style glabrous. Capsule ^ in. long, compressed, ellipsoid, narrowed at each end, 2-seeded. — Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 480 ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 31 ; Cummins in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 77. B. Afzelii, Lindau MS. in Hb. Berol. JuMicia opaca, Vahl, Enum. i. 133; Schumach. Beskr. Guin. PI. 10. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, JBrass ! Gold Coast : Accra, Dov ! Aslianti : Akro\'n\, Cummins, ^0\ Volta Basin ; Alafango, A>a?/^6' .' Lagos : Xheokwi-A, Bowland! and without precise locality, J/?7;e«, 46! 179! Niger Delta : Brass, X'o;? .' Cameroons : Buea, 6000 ft., Preuss, 714! S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 268, asks whether this may not be a variety of B. veniricosa, which differs in its yellow-green colour, tawny hairs on the innovations, and less dense spikes. 1G4 xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). [^Itarleria. GU. B. villosa, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 18^0, 207. Rambling, 4 ft. high. Leaves ?)h by 1^ in., narrov/ed at both ends, villous with bimple hairs on both surfaces; petiole up to 1 in. long. Inflorescence nearly as of B. opcica. Posticous sepal | by -J in., entire ; anticous calyx-segment bifid to \ of its length. Corolla blue-purple, tube yellowisli ; otherwise as B. ojyaca. Xiower Guinea. Aiig(^lii : Goluiigo Alto, Welwitsch, 5070! 5071! Malange, Buckner, 138 ! Tliis species is near B. opaca, but 1ms the two outer calyx-segments much narrower. 61. B. ventricosa, JVees in DC. Prod. xi. 2o0. Erect, ij-i\ ft. high {Nees) ; strigose with tawny hairs prominent on the innovations. Leaves up to 2 by | in., yellow-green ; petiole 0— | in. long. Spikes much less dense than in B. opaca, and with more numerous scattered cymes in remoter^ axils; otherwise as B. opaca. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 143 ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 30; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 107, 243; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 391 ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 314, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 369, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [1896] 71. B. mollis, R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. Append. 64. B. angicstiloha, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 20, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 369. wile Iiand. Eritrea : Bogos, 8000 ft., Hildehrandt, 466 ! Keren, Sfeudner, 1511 ! Aitala near Acrour, 5900 it., Schioeinfurth Sf Riva, 1346 ! near Ginda, 3000- 3500 ft., Schiceinfurth Sf Riva, 2118 ! 2199 ! Abyssinia : Tigre ; Mount Slioloda, Schiinper, 42 I IMai Gouagoua, Petit! Mount Kubbi, Schimper, 797! Samen; Jaja, 6000 It., Schimper, 2,^^ \ Ankober, Roth, 486! Teramne, Rohlfs Sf Sleeker! Choho, Quart in- Dillon Sf Petit, 296 ! and without precise locality, Salt ! Parki/ns ! Schimper, IQW 1903! Somaliland: Yiar-AY , Rohecchi , ^ \ XMozamb. Dist. Genran East Africa. Fischer, 135 ! 62. B. Grantii, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 127, t. 127. Shrub. Branches full of cystoliths, when young with opposite minutely hairy lines, when mature glabrate. Leaves 2 by 1| in., ovate, acute, with minute scattered hairs on both surfaces, base rounded ; petiole 0-^ in. long. Cymes 2-1-flowered, principally in the upper axils, running into terminal spikes ; bract | in. long, linear. Posticous sepal nearly J in. long, entire, ovate ; anticous calyx-segment § in. long, ovate, tip 2-toothed. Corolla blue; tube f in. long, inflated in the upper half ; lobes nearly § in. long. Ovary and style glabrous ; disc large, cup-shaped ; ovules solitary {Oliver). Ca})sule | in. long, 2-seeded {Grant). — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 368. Ruellia, sp. n. 2, T. Thoms. in Speke, Nile Append. 643. IVlIe Iiand. British East Africa : Madi ; rocky banks of the Nile, Grant, 665! Allied, as Oliver says, to B. ruellioides, T. Anders., which has the Howers in condensed unilateral cymes. 63. B. Liimnogeton, >S'. Moore in. hum. Linn. Soc. xv. 95. Villous, especially the young parts and inflnrescence. Leaves 4 by 1 in., oblong, Bai'leria.] xcviii. acanthace.e (clarke). 165 narrowed at both ends; petiole 0-| in. long. Flowers in terminal strobilate spikes; floral leaves J- J by J in., round-ovate, densely grey- villous, imbricate ; bract | in. long, linear. Posticous sepal J by J^ in., entire, oblong ; anticous calyx-segment J by J in., tip bifid. Corolla 1 in. long (S. Moore). Ovary glabrous, style-base hairy ; ovule solitary in each cell or the lower minute. — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 'M'M. nsozamb. Dlst. Lake Tanganyika, Cameron ! 64. B, vix-dentata, C. B. Clarke. Rambling, with short white and longer tawny hairs; branches up to 16 in. long. Leaves 2 J by 1 in., elliptic, narrowed at both ends, when young villous, when mature more or less glabrate above and with cystoliths; petiole 0-J in. long. Inflorescence of 3-1-flowered short axillary racemes running into dense terminal spikes 4 by 1 in. ; floral leaves § in. long, similar to the lower leaves, much imbricate ; bract i by y\^ in. Posticous sepal f ^y 4"4 ^^'1 elliptic, villous, with few irregular subcrenate teeth on the margin; anticous calyx-segment J in. long, obovate, obscurely toothed, tip of 2 obtuse lobes ; 2 inner sepals J in. long, linear. Corolla-tube exceeding J in. long; lobes fully J in. long. Ovary and style glabrous; ovules 2 in each cell, the lower very small; disc short, margin undulate. Capsule {Scott-Elliot, 7023) J in. long, elliptic-com- pressed, 2-seeded. irile Iiand. British East Africa: Uganda, Wilson, 37! Ruwenzori ; Wiini Valley, Scott-ElUoU 7940! Kavirondo, 4000-5000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 7023! Mau, 8000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6928! The species of Barleria numbered 64 to 76 form a very closely allied series. The plants here combined match ; except Scott-Elliot, 7023, which has tlie inflorescence more axillary and the flowers smaller, and which approaches B. Stuhl- manni below. 65. B, ruellioideSy T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 30. Plant 3 ft. high, young parts yellow-strigose. Leaves up to -IJ by If in., broadly elliptic, attenuate at both ends, when mature with a few scattered small hairs and conspicuous cystoliths ; petiole hardly any, i.e. winged to base. Racemes condensed 3-1-flowered, distant; bract minute, linear. Posticous sepal f by J in., ovate, not acute, with a few minute hairs and conspicuous cystoliths, becoming papery, reticulate, margin minutely toothed ; anticous calyx-segment nearly similar. Corolla IJ in. long, nearly glabrous, blue. Ovary glabrous; ovules 2 in each cell, lower much smaller. Capsule J in. long, elliptic, compressed, 2- seeded. Upper Guinea. Niger Territory : Nupe, Barter, 932 ! 66. B. Antunesiy Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 116. Branches hairy. Leaves 3^ by | in., oblong, narrowed at either end, when mature nearly glabrate, reticulate-nerved, with cystoliths and many circular sessile glands; petiole 0- ^^ in. long. Inflorescence of 3 or 4 flowers approximate in the upper axils, densely softly villous ; bracts I by tjV in., obtuse, soft. Anticous calyx-segment nearly 1 by .| in.. 1C6 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). [BarUria. ovate, entire, densely villous, notched -^jj in. down. Corolla-tube f in. long ; lobes large, round. Iiower Guinea. Angola: Hn'iWa, Antunes, \^h\ Capello, Id \ 67. B. Holstii, Liiulau in Eityl. Jahrh. xx. ID. Straggling 2-3 ft. long, young parts yellow-strigose. Leaves up to 7 by If in., elliptic, attenuate at both ends, when mature with scattered hairs and conspi- cuous cystoliths; petiole 0. Inflorescence of 3-1-flowered condensed unilateral racemes in distant axils ; bract f by I in., lanceolate, falcate. Posticous sepal up to 1 by J-| in., ovate-triangular, acute, minutely toothed; anticous calyx-segment hardly | in. long, ovate, 2-nerved, truncate, emarginate. Corolla l\ in. long, purple-blue. Ovary and style glabrous ; ovules 2 in each cell. — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 8GH. Mozamb. Dlst. , German East Africa : Usambara ; Mascheua, Hoist, 3516 ! (>8. B. neurophylla, C. B. Clarke. Nerves (primary and secondary) very conspicuous beneath the leaf. Posticous calyx- segment J-| in. long, ovate, obtuse, scarcely toothed ; otherwise as B. Ilolsiii. XWozamb. Blst. Lake Tanganyika ; Kavala Isles, Carson ! Possibly a form only of B. Holstii ; but from only one branchlet of each it is difficult to form an opinion concerning specific separability. G9. B. repens, iVees m DC. Prod. xi. 230. Prostrate, 1-2 ft. long, young parts yellow-strigose. Leaves 1 J- by | in. (larger in cultivated examples), shortly villous, afterwards more or less glabrate, tip triangular, base attenuate sometimes to the base of the petiole. Racemes scattered, 2-1 -flowered; bract minute, linear. Two outer calyx-segments sub- similar, up to J by J-| in., ovate, sparsely hairy, subentire, ultimately membranous reticulate, tip triangular. Corolla IJ in. long, pink; tube linear, narrowly funnel-shaped upwards. Ovary and style glabrous. Capsule ?>-J in. long, 2-seeded, or 4-seeded wdth the 2 lower seeds con- siderably smaller. — T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 31 ; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. G954 partly; Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 3G9. IMCozamb. I>lst. Zanzibar, Kirk ! Pemba Island, Bojer ! Kilwa Island, Kirk ! Portuguese East Africa ; Inhambane, Scott ! 70. B. querimbensis, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamh. 205. Branches strigose with erect simple hairs. Leaves 1 J by | in., broadly elliptic, triangular at either end, when young yellow-strigillose, when mature glabrate ; petiole J in. long. Flowers 1 (rarely 2) in the upper axils, very shortly pedicelled ; bracts linear, minute. Posticous sepal 1 by ^ in., ovate-triangular, acute, apiculate, cordate at the base, soon becoming scarious, reticulate, glabrate (young nerves yellow:-strigillose). Corolla rose; tube 1 in. long, funnel-shaped at the top; limb J in. long. Capsule J in. long, 4-seeded, glabrous. — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 368. Barleria.] xcviii. acanthace.e (clarke). 167 IMCozamb. Blst. Portuguese East Africa: Kerimba Islands, Pe/cr* / Quiliraane, Stuhlmann, 5()i ! 71. B. Boehmii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 19. Spar.sely hairy. Leaves 1| by ^ in., elliptic, very sparsely hairy, tip obtuse, base narrowed ; petiole yV in. long. Flowers very shortly stalked, solitary, axillary. Posticous sepal nearly -J in. long, ovate ; anticous calyx- segment rather shorter, tip 2-toothed. Corolla blue; tube | in. long; limb nearly J in. long. — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 3G8. nZozamb. I>lst. Gergian East Africa : Kakoma, Bbhm, 25 ! 72. B. Volkensii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 22. Rambling shrub, young parts yellow-strigose. Leaves up to 2 by 1 in., ovate, when mature with a few scattered small hairs and conspicuous cystoliths on both surfaces, tip triangular subacute, base truncate (with sometimes a very small triangular attenuation on the petiole) ; petiole 0-^ in. long. Inflorescence of 3-1-flowered condensed racemes, scattered; bract /j in. long, linear-lanceolate. Posticous sepal up to | by § in., ovate-rhomboid, minutely toothed, tip triangular; anticous calyx-segment h-% in. long and broad, 2-nerved, tip of two short triangular teeth ; 2 inner sepals \ in. long, linear. Corolla ^h-'2 in. long, purple-blue; tube oblong- campanulate for more than half its length. Ovary and style glabrous ; ovules 2 in each cell, the lower very much smaller; disc nearly ^ the length of the ovary, cup-shaped, toothed. — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 360. B. repens, Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. G954 p^artly (i.e. Wakefield's plant). B. submollis, Ijmd'du in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 21, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 369 partly (i.e. Kilimanjaro plant). B. Boivini, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 309 ? not of T. Anders. Parahc.rleria Boivini, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, ii. 837. Nile Z>and. British East Africa : near Mombasa and Nyika country, Wake- field ! 40-60 miles from the coast, Johnston ! Taita, Hildehrandt, 2+16 ! XMozamb. Slst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro ; " Kwa Kinabo," 4800 ft., Volkens, 380 ! Lake Cliala, Volkens, 314 1 Usambara ; Mascheua, Hoist, 3577a I Umba Valley, Smith! 73. B. Stuhlmanni, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 2(i. Villous. Leaves 1-^ by J in., narrowed at both ends; petiole 0—^ in. long. Inflorescence of 3-1-flowered dense racemes, scattered and also approxi- mated at the ends of branchlets. Posticous sepal less than J in. long, ovate, minutely toothed ; anticous calyx-segment nearl}' as long, broadly ovate, tip with 2 acute triangular lobes. Corolla in total length J in., purple-blue when dried. Stamens and pistil of the genus ; ovules 2 in each cell, the lower minute. — Lindau in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzen- fam. iv. 3 B. 314, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 368. B. mollis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. 159. /». subjnollis, Lindau in Hoist, Exsicc. n. 8736, 8935; Bendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 395; not Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 21. TTile X.and. British East Africa: Kapte Plateau, 5000-6000 ft., Thomson! Mau, 7000-8000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6791 ! between the River Jub and Lake Stefanie, Donaldson Smith. ]C8 xcvui. ACANTHACE.E (clakke). [Barlevia. Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Usambara ; Mascheua, Hoist, 3515 ! 8736 ! Kwa ^Nlshuza, Roht, 8935 ! Usagara, Stuhlmann, 289 ! The description of B. suhmolUs, Lindau, "leaves subcordate, corolla-tube 1 in., lobes o in.," appears taken from Volkens, 314 ; and cannot apply to Hoist, 8736 (whence the above description of B. Stuhlmamii is drawn), though this Usambara plant is the one repeatedly named by Lindau as suhmollis. These species of Barleria are very close together, and the number of species hereafter admitted may be greater than that enumerated here. 74. B. micrantha, C. B. Clarke. Young parts tawny villous. Leaves up to 2J by 1 in., ovate-elliptic, subacute at either end, when mature with few scattered small hairs and conspicuous cystoliths ; petiole 0-^ in. long. Inflorescence in 3-1 -flowered dense racemes, scattered in remote axils. Posticous sepal h by \ in., rhomboid, definitely toothed ; anticous calyx-segment similar, rather smaller, tip with 2 acute triangular lobes. • Corolla in total length hardly 'I in., trumpet-shaped, purple-blue when dried. Stamens and pistil of the genus. xrile Iiand. East side of Lake Albert Edward, Scott-ElHot ! In the larger, sparsely hairy leaves, this species resembles B. Grantii and B. rtiellioides ; but tbe corolla is far too small to arrange it under either of these. TT). B. usaxnbarica, Lindau in Emjl. Jahrh. xx. 21. Villous, 6-10 in. long. Leaves J by h in., tip triangular, base rounded ; petiole O-j^g in. long. Inflorescence in 2-1-flowered scattered racemes; bracts ■j\- in. long, linear-lanceolate. Posticous sepal J in. long and broad, acute, subentire ; anticous calyx-segment J in. long, obovate, 2-nerved, minutely 2-toothed. Corolla in total length | in. ; tube in the upper half funnel-shaped. Ovary glabrous ; style with scattered hairs in the lower part. Capsule less than \ in. long, comjn^essed ellipsoid, 2-seeded. —Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr.' C. 309. »f ozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Usambara, Duga, Hoist, 3165 ! Mucb smaller than any other species. 76. B. rotundisepala, Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1897, 376. Small, densely strigose shrub. Leaves up to \\ by J in., obtuse, grey-strigose on both faces, narrowed at the base ; petiole ^ in. long. Flowers solitary, shortly pedicelled above 2 reduced leaves. Posticous sepal orbicular, nearly h in. long, densely strigose without ; anticous calyx-segment similar but rather smaller ; two inner sepals J in. long, lanceolate. Corolla I in. long, or rather more. Style-base and ovary-top shortly hairy. wile I.and. British Somaliland : Waggar Mountains, Mrs. Lort Phillips ! Uendle thinks this species may belong to the subgenus Somalia. In the absence of fruit, this can hardly be settled ; I guess its affinity to be with B. usambarica. Barleria.] xcviii. acanthace^ (clarke). 169 Imperfectly known species. 11. B. daxnarensis, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 29. Pubescent. Leaves ovate, acute, mucronate, entire, puberulous. Bracts " broad subulate," mucronate. Calyx-segments lanceolate, mucronulate, entire, puberulous. Corolla-tube equal, twice as long as the calyx.. Xiower Guinea. German South-west Afiicii : Damaraland ; in Dublin Herbarium, without collector's name. This species is said to be allied to B. meyeriana and B. lancifolia (supposed = B. alata, S. Moore) ; but as B. meyeriana and B. alata have been referred to different groups, this does not assist us to the affinity. 78. B. acanthophora, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 726. Erect under- shrub, 1 ft. high. Leaves small, ovate, entire, opposite, hairy; stipules and bracts spinescent. Flower solitary, lateral, peduncled, pale violet. Calyx of 2 erect acuminate leaves. Corolla-tube long, filiform, curved at the base ; limb 5-fid, patent. Stamens 2, exserted. Style short ; stigma simple, thick. Capsule superior, ovate, 2-celled, many-seeded. — Eran- themum spinosum, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. [ed. Willd.] i. 24. E. acantho- phorum, Roem. & Schultes, Syst. i. Mant. 154. IMEozamb. X>i8t. Portuguese East Africa : In the suburbs of Mozambique, Loureiro. The above is abstracted from Schultes. The many seeded-capsule with long filiform corolla-tube and spinous stipules form a combination of characters difficult to find in AcanthacecB, throwing aside even the calyx. 79. B. Descaxnpsi, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xxiv. 318. Whole plant villous-hairy. Leaves 2J by J in., ovate, short-petioled. Flowers solitary in the axils, simulating a terminal spike ; bracteoles lanceolate, exceeding J in. in length. Calyx f in. long ; anticous segment 2-toothed. Corolla-tube § in. long; lobes | in. long. Ovary hairy at the tip. Soutli Central. Congo Free State : Mount Pueto, Descaynps. 37. ERANTHEMUM, Linn, partly ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1097. Calyx small (usually hardly \ in. long), divided to the base ; sepals 5, equal, linear-lanceolate. Corolla-tube j-1^ in. long, linei\r, hardly dilated at the top; lobes 5, subequal, \-}, in. long, elliptic, spreading or recurved, anticous outside in bud. Stamens 2, anticous fertile ; filaments glabrous ; anther-cells 2, oblong, parallel, muticous or minutely mucronate at the base ; pollen globose, with o longitudinal smooth depressions, not reaching the pole ; 2 posticous stamens rudi- mentary. Pistil glabrous (in African plants) ; ovary oblong ; ovules 2 in each cell; stigmas 2, subequal, minute, subcoalescent. Capsule 4-seeded at the top, on a long solid stalk ; seeds without hairs, com- pressed, one face rugose, the other honeycombed. — Under-shrubs. 170 xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). [Eranthenium, Leaves entire. Inflorescence in long spikes of contracted linear panicles, terminal often peduncled ; flowers one to each bract, or clustered (condensed simple or compound cymes) in the linear panicles ; bract minute ; bracteoles 0. Species 50 (many of them very closely allied), scattered through the warmer parts of the world. This genus is frecjuently confounded with Rhinncanthus, which is easily separated by its anther-cells being one over the other. As to the pollen, I can find no definite line between the Spangen-pollen and the Rahmen-pollen of Lindau ; the smooth depressions lateral to the stopples may unite in bands, while the central depression stops short of the pole (as depicted by Lindau for OrapfophyUum). llhachis of inflorescence and calyx with stalked glands (as well as hairs). Leaves usually 2-3 in. wide, when mature glabres- cent . . . . . . . . \. E. decurrens. Leaves l-l^ in. wide, when mature pubescent on the midrib ben'eath . . . . . . 2. E. senense. Ghachis of inflorescence with no stalked glands (often hairy). Species of West Africa. Flowers nearly all solitary in the axils of bracts on a slender spike . . . . . 3. ^. nigritianum. Axillary dense cymes in a linear panicle. Rhachis of panicle glabrous . . . . A. E. hypocrateriforme. Rhachis of panicle pubescent . . . . 5. i". ludovicianum. Species of East Africa. Rhachis of inflorescence glabrous, shining brown . 6. E. Hildehratidtii. Rhachis of inflorescence pubescent or puberulous. Leaves ovate or elliptic. Rhachis and calyx with few white bristly hairs 7. E. seticalyx. Rhachis and calyx with dense minute papillose hairs . . . . . . . 8. -E". subviscosum. Rhachis and calyx with several-celled hairs . 9. E. Lindaui. Leaves large, narrowly elongate-obovate . 10. E. ardisioides. 1. E. decurrens, Necs in DC. Prod. xi. 458. Branches glabres- cent, round or obscurely 4-lineate. Leaves commonly 4 by 2 in., up to 9 by 8| in., at the base ovate, suddenly narrowed into a long attenuation, when young sparsely pubescent, when mature glabrescent ; cystoliths in the upper surface very small, rather conspicuous, in the lower surface obscure; petiole (excluding the winged portion) rarely J in. long. Spikes 4-() in. long, pubescent and with stalked glands; flowers mostly solitary, sometimes 2-8 subsessile. Calyx \ in. long or rather more, glandular hairy. Corolla yellowish ; tube 1 in. long, pubescent. Capsule 1 in. long, seeds \ in. in diam. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Aby.ss. ii. 158 ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 52 ; Zarb, Cat. Spec. Bot. Pfund, 32. Pseud&i'anthemwm decurrens, Radlk. in Sitz.-ber. Bayr. Akad. xiii. 2HG ; Lindau in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 330, and in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 63, t. 2, fig. 58. Xrile I.and. Kordofaii, Pfund, 435! 436! 444! Kotschy, 276! ^Ethiopia, Kotschy, 450! Abyssinia, Quartin-Billon Sf Petit, 298! Schimper, 773, 1463! British East Africa: Jur ; Dimo, Schiceinfurth, 4264! Eranthemum.] xcviii. acanthaceje (clarke). 171 2. E. senense, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamh. Hot. iM9. Leaves up to -ij by \\ in., when mature minutely pubescent on the midrib beneath; cystoliths on the under surface small, numerous, sub- conspicuous ; base of leaves long attenuate ; petiole winged or hardly any. Spikes G-12 in. long, very slender; flowers solitary; otherwise nearly as E. decurreyis, Nees. — Paeuderanthemum senense, Kadlk. in Sitz.-ber. Bayr. Akad. xiii. 28G, not of Lindau. lIKozainb. Sist. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; Rios de Sena, Fefers ! Lupata, Kirk ! This plant is more pubescent than E. decurrens, with slender leaves and spikes and rather smaller flowers. The numerous stalked glands of the rhachis on the spike and the calyx are not seen in the nearly allied plant issued by Lindau as E. senense, Klotzsch. 3. E. nigritianum, T. A7iders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 51. A slender shrub, 8-20 in. high. Leaves 4J by IJ in., elliptic, when mature glabrous ; cystoliths on both surfaces rather obscure ; petiole 0-J in. long. Spikes 2-5 in. long, slender ; flowers nearly all solitary ; rhachis minutely pubescent. Sepals J in. long, minutely pubescent, corolla mauve or nearly white; tube J in. long, nearly glabrous outside. Capsule I in. long. — S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 308. E. 'plumha- ginoides, P. Maury in Journ. de Bot. ii. 264-267 with figure. Pseude- ranthemum nigritianum, Radlk. in Sitz.-ber. Bayr. Akad. xiii. 28i'>; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 330. Justicia tunicata, Afzel. Remed. Guin. iii. 17; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 428. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : near Kukuna,. by the Scarcies Rivei-, Scott- Elliot, 4692 ! and without precise locality, Afzelius ! Togoland, Baumann, 375 I Lagos: Eppah, Barter, 3300! Cameroons : Victoria, Preuss, 1108! 1298! 1366! Johnston ! Yaunde, 2600 ft., Zenker Sf Statidt, 581 ! Zenker, 815 ! Batanga, Bates, 23 ! Fernando Po, Buchholz ! Mann, 156 ! Jao-wer Cuinea. Gaboon : Gaboon River, Mann, 997 ! Buttner, 359 ! Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1708! Angom, Bates, 564 1 Loango: near Majumbe, Soi/aiix, 135 ! 155 ! Angola : Pungo Andongo, Wehoitsch, 5177 ! 5192 ! Soutb Central. Lunda : Bashilange ; Mukenge, Pogge, 988 ! •4. E. hypocrateriforme. Poem, d- Schultes, Syst. i. 175. Shrub 3-4 ft. high. Branches glabrous, with 4 raised lines. Leaves up to 3i by 1^ in., ovate or elliptic, when mature glabrous, minutely white- dotted on both surfaces, reticulate-veined beneath ; cystoliths very obscure; petiole 0-J in. long. Panicles linear, 2-7 in. long; axillary cymes dense, several-flowered, lower more or less spreiiding, sometimes up to 1 in. long, compound ; rhachis minutely pubescent. Sepals \ in. long, glabrous or very nearly so. Corolla scarlet; tube I in. long, nearly glabrous without. Capsule \\ in. long. — Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 454 ; Benth. in Hook. Niger Y\. 484 ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc^ vii. 52. E. ajfine, Spreng. Syst. i. 80. Justicia hyjyocrateinformis, Yalil, Enum. i. 165; Schumach. ct Thonn. Beskr. Guin. PI. 11. /'s^w-^^f- ranthemum hypocrateriforiiie, Radik. in Sitz.-ber. Bayr. Akad. xiii. '2^Q ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 330 partly. 172 xcviii. ACANTHACE.E (clarke). [Ercmtheiiium. Upper Cuinea. Sierra Leone : near Wallia on the River Scarcies, Scott-Elliot, 44511 and without precise locality, Togel, 159! Winwoode Reade I Smeathmann ! Gold Coast : Accra, Don ! Krause, 60 ! Adafo, Krause, 59 ! Lagos : on rocks at Eruva, Rowland ! 5. E. ludovicianuxn, Bilttn. in Verh. Bot. Jh-andenb. xxxii. 41. Shrub, up to 12 ft. high; branches round; stem quadrangular (Buitner). Leaves 7 by 2| in., elliptic, when mature glabrous, upper surface with scattered subobscure cystoliths, lower surface closely and minutely round-dotted ; petiole up to 1 in. long. Panicle C by J in. ; axillary condensed cymes 8-8-flowered ; rhachis minutely pubescent. Calyx ^ in. long, minutely pubescent. Corolla-tube 1 in. long, nearly glabrous without ; lobes J in. long. — E. Maiuiii, T. Anders. MS. Pseude- ranthemum ludovicianum, Lindau in Engl. Sl Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 330 ; Wild, et Dur. 111. Fl. Congo, i. (1899), p. 63, t. 32. Upper Guinea^ Ashanti : Assin-Yiin-Coomas-sie, Cummins, 237 1 Caineroons : Yaunde, Sfaudt, 537 ! Zenker, 418 ! Fretiss, 598 ! Fernando Po, Mann, 1437 ! Soutb Central. Lunda : Muene-Putu-Kassongo, Biittner, 460 1 G. E. Hildebrandtii, C. B. Clarke. A shrub 3-G ft. high, nearly glabrous. Branches terete or quadrangular. Leaves up to 4 J by 1| in., ovate or elliptic; cystoliths many slender on the surfaces; petiole 0-1 in. long (leaf base often long decurrent on a quasi-winged petiole). Panicles linear,' 1-3 in. long, often terminal on lateral branches, running into a large compound inflorescence ; rhachis glabrous, shining brown ; otherwise as E. hyjwoi'ateriforme. — E. hypo- crateriforme, Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 398. Pseudercmthemum lUldehrandtii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 39, and in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 330, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. 371. KTlle Iiand. Sonialilaud : Sheikh Husein, Donaldson Smith ! British East Africa : Rabai Hills near Mombasa, Hildehrandt, 2308 ! Nyika country near Mombasa, Wakefield ! Mozamb. Blst. Zanzibar, Kirk ! Hildehrandt, 981 ! German East Africa : Usambara ; Duga, Hoist, 3159 ! Mascheua, Hoist, 8800 ! Tanga, Hoist, 2110 ! Magila, Kirk ! between Magila and the River Sigi, Volkens, 64 ! Usaramo, Stuhlmann^ 8988 ! Hildehrandt, 981, has terete branches. The present species is separated from E. hypocraterijorme by the shining-brown glabrous rhachis, and the leaves not reticulately veined beneath. 7. E. seticaljTX, C. B. Clarke. Branches roundish, glabra te, with the rhachis of inflorescence pubescent upwards. Leaves up to 4|- by 2 in., ovate (in some of Kirk's examples 7 by 3J in.), when young often very hairy, when mature rarely quite glabrate ; cystoliths scattered, obscure; petiole 0-1 in. long. Panicles 2-3 by ^ in., dense. Calyx I in. long, nearly glabrous or with white spreading small bristles, also seen on the rhachis. Corolla- tube 1 in. long, pubescent without. Eranthemum.] xcviii. acanthace^ (clarke). 173 Mozamb. Dlst. German p]ast Africa : Mountains east of Lake Nvasa, Johnson! British Central Africa: Nyasaland : Kondowe to Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte, 315 ! Songwe and Karonga,' 1700-2000 ft., Whifie, G ! Zomba Rock, Whi^te t Blantyre, Simon ! xManganja Hills, near Shibisa (Chikwawa), 200-300 ft., A7rA- .' and without jirecise locality, Buchanan, 302 ! 1204! 8. E. subviscosum, C. B. Clarke. Branches roundish, glabrate. Leaves up to 8 J by 2 in., elliptic-lanceolate, when mature usually quite glabrous; cystoliths scattered, obscure on both faces; petiole O-I in. long. Panicles 2-5 in. long, linear ; rhachis minutely pubescent. Calyx ^ in. long, almost sticky from numerous short and almost papillose hairs (without terminal glands). Corolla, pollen, and cfipsule as of E. seticalyx. — P sender anthemum hypocrateriforme^ Lindau in Engl, k Prantl, Planzenfam. iv. 3 B. 330 partly, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 371. KTile Iiand. British East Africa : Uganda, Stuhlmann, 1397 ! Mlozamb. Dlst. Portuguese East Africa : Makua ; Namull Hills, Last t British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Shibisa (Chikwawa) to Tshinmuze, 2000-1000 ft.. Kirk ! Mount Chiradzulu, 200-1000 ft., Meller ! Mount Mlange, 4000 ft., McClonnie, 60 ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 449 ! 558! 9. E. Lindaui, C. B, Clarke. Stem 10 in. long, undivided, terete, glabrate. Leaves up to 7| by 2J in., ovate, when mature glabrous or minutely bristly on the midrib beneath ; cystoliths numerous, small; petiole 0-1 in. long. Spike terminal, 4J in. long, very slender ; flowers solitary, distant ; rhachis with small many- jointed hairs, not gland-tipped. Calyx ^ in. long, puberulous. Corolla- tube I in. long. — P sender antheniuin senense, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost- Afr. C. 371. Mozamb. X>ist> German East Africa : Usambara. Mascheua, Hoist, 3494 ! Nderema, Hoist, 2251 ! This is E. senense, Lindau, but has no gland-tipped hairs. The hairs are of several cells, often alternately broad and narrow, empty or filled with brown oil. Except for these hairs, and the considerably smaller corolla, the plant might be united with JS. suhviscosum. 10. E. (?) ardisioides, C. B. Clarke. Branches terete, rather stout, glabrous. Leaves up to 11 by 3 in., elongate-obovate, when mature glabrous ; cystoliths obscure ; petiole |- in. long. Panicles 2-3 by J in., dense upwards, nearly glabrous. Calyx ^ in. long, minutely pubescent. Corolla (not expanded but) tube short for the genus. Stamens 2, with rudiments of filaments of posticous stamens ; anthers oblong, parallel, muticous, with stalked glands on connective and on the upper part of the filament ; pollen eUipsoid, narrowed at liotli ends, acutely triangular, the 3 bands not reaching the pole ; pistil and capsule (half-ripe) of the genus. wile Xiand. Bfitish East Africa : Uganda, Scott-Elliot, 7521 ! 174 xcvin. ACANTHACE.E (clarke). [BuspoUa. :'>8. RUSPOLIA, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [1890] 79. Anthers 1-celled; otherwise as Eranthemuni. Monotypic. 1. R. pseuderanthemoides, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Konia vi. [189()] 80. Shrub; innovations hairy. Leaves up to 3 by \\ in., narrowed at either end, hispid, ultimately glabrate, beautifully reticulate- veined beneath ; petiole up to ^ in. long. Spikes hardly 1 in. long, terminal on lateral branches, subglobose ; bracts nearly \ in. long, linear, hispid. Calyx-segments 5, subequal, \ in. long, subulate, rusty- pubescent. Corolla-tube |-1 in. long, linear-cylindric, not inflated at the top ; lobes 5, subequal, ovate, patent. Stamens 2, not exseited ; anthers of 1 hemi-ellipsoid cell ; filaments glabrous ; pollen globose, with 3 large stopples, and longitudinal smooth depressions reaching the pole. Pistil glabrous ; style with 2 small subequal oblong lobes. Capsule \\ in. long, stalked, narrow-ellipeoid (all seen are 1-seeded with the lower ovule infertile) ; seeds nearly smooth. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zu ii.-iv. 307. NTlle Iiand. Somaliland : Daua River, Riva, 1418 ! This plant is exceedingly like Eranthemuni hypocrateriforme. Lindau makes the present genus have " Rahmen-pollen," and to thus differ from Eranthemum (which has Spangen-pollen ") and be nearer Grapfophiillum . Buspolia appears to me hardly wortli separating from Eranthemum. 1 see no tangible difference in the pollen. 39. RUTTYA, Harvey; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1105. Calyx 5-partite nearly to the base ; segments equal, narrowly lanceo- late. Corolla with 2 large lips ; posticous emarginate ; anticous 3-lobed. Stamens 2 (with 2 rudiments) ; anthers 1-celled, mucronate at the base ; pollen subglobose, nearly smooth, stopples 3 large. Ovary and style glabrous ; branches of the style 2, very small, equal ; ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule ellipsoid, ^-seeded, long-stalked; seeds without hairs, nearly smooth. — Leaves entire. Flowers purple, in short cymes; bracts and bracteoles scarcely J in. long, linear. Species 2, in East and South Africa, 1 extending to Arabia. In this genus tlie herbaceous petioles disarticulate, leaving small wooden cuplike scars. Calyx \ in. long, pubescent . . . . . 1. 22. speciosa. Calyx ^-\ in. long, nearly glabrous . . . .2. R.fruticosa. 1. R. speciosa, Engl. Hochgebirysfl. Trop. Afr. 392. Shrub, 3-5 ft. high ; branches glabrate. Leaves 3j by \ in., narrowed at both ends, w^hen mature nearly glabrous ; cystoliths many small on both surfaces ; petiole 0-J in. long. Cymes 1 in. long, often terminal on axillary branches, minutely and densely hairy ; bracteoles \ in. long, often about the middle of the pedicel. Calyx \ in. long, minutely pubescent. Corolla 1^ in. long, nearly glabrous; tube J in. long, cylindric, widened Ruttya.'] xcviii. acanthace^ (clarke). 175 upwards ; lips curved. Filaments glabrous ; anthers J in. long. Capsule 2 in. long, 4-seeded, glabrous ; stalk 1 in. long, stout, .solid. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ;J B. 2H8, fig. 112, C. and 340. Ilaplaydhera speciosa, Hochst. in Flora, 1843, 72; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 308; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 152; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 51 ; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 243. NTlle Iiand. Abyssinia : Samen ; Debra Gonnet, Sfeudner, 1538 ! on mountain sides along the banks of the Tacazze River, Schimper, 769 ! and without precise locality, Schimper, 1407 ! Ploioden ! 2. R. fruticosa, Lhidau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 45. Leaves 1-2 in. long. Calyx yV~f ^^' ^^^^^ nearly glabrous. Corolla hardly 1 in. long; otherwise as A', speciosa. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 340, in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 372, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. [189G] 81 ; Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 398. Nile Iiand. Somaliland : Ahl Mountains, 5000-6500 ft., Hildelrandt, 893 ! Upper Shiekh, Gillett ! Sheikh Husein, Donaldson Smith ! IMCozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Kilimaniaro ; at Lake Cbala, Volkens, 323. Lindau says this species has the capsule 2-seeded, but the capsule is 4-seeded in the two fruitint^ examples at Berlin. 40. MONOTHECIUM, Hochst. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1104. Calyx 5-fid to the base; segments equal, linear. Corolla small, 2-lipped ; posticous lip emarginate ; anticous 3-lobed. Stamens 2 ; anthers 1-celled, muticous ; pollen globose with 3 stopples ; longitudinal depressions narrow, not reaching the pole. Ovary and style-base hairy ; branches of style 2, equal, very short oblong ; ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule oblong, 4- (or 2-) seeded, lower part contracted ; seeds discoid, wrinkled, without hairs. — Small shrubs. Leaves entire. Spikes dense, many-flowered, terminal ; bracts and bracteoles linear or bristle-like. Species 2, one of which extends to India. Mature leaves hairy on both surfaces ; bracteoles with gland-tipped hairs . . . . . . \. M. glandulomm. Mature leaves slightly hairy - bracteoles without gland- tipped hairs 2. M. aHsfafum. 1. M. glandulosum, Hochst. in Flora, 1843, 74. Hairy; branches up to 18 in. lonj;. Leaves 2J by 1 in., ovate or elliptic, narrowed at both ends, when mature hairy on both surfaces; cystoliths obscure; petiole 0-i in. long. Spikes up to 4 by J in., solitary, often interrupted at the base; outermost bracts (floral leaves) \-^ in. long, lanceolate; bracts and bracteoles \ in. long, linear, hairy, and with many gland- tipped hairs. Corolla (whole length) ^-l in. Capsule \ in. long, hairy, 4-seeded.— Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 310; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 152; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 45; Solms - Laub. in 170 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). [MonotheciuTii. Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 112; Zarb, Cat. Spec. Bot. Pfund, 82; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 81)2 ; Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 08, t. 2, fig. 7S, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 840. Rostellularia glandulosa, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 878 ; A, Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 153. Hypoestes Volkeiisii, Lindaii in Engl. Jahrb. xix. Beibl. n. 47, 47, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 871. //. glandulosa, Hochst. in Flora, 1848, 74. lO'ile Iiand. Eritrea : near Ginda, Schweinfurth Sf Riva, 2197! Abyssinia : Mount Sholoda, near Adowa, Schimper, 346 ! near Mai Dogale, Schimper, 617 ! Agow Dist., near Hellaka, 6000-7000 ft., Schimper, 193 ! 2274 ! and without precise locality, Schimper, 753! 1156! British East Africa: east side of Lake Albert Edward, Scott-Elliot, 8068 ! and on rocks at Lake Elmeteita, 6000-7000 ft., Scott - Elliot, 6627 ! XlXozamb. Blst. Kilimanjaro, 3000-5000 ft., Volkens, 1580 ! 1607 ! 2. TSL, aristatum, T. Anders, in Thwailes Enwni. PL Zeyl. 234. Leaves when mature very sparsely hairy ; cystoliths plentiful on the lower surface. Spikes 1-2 J in. long, dense, often branched at the base ; outermost floral leaves linear or bristle-like ; bracts and bracteoles bristle-like, hairy, not viscid glandular ; otherwise as M. glandulosum. — Bedd. Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 201) ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 524; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 800; Lindau in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 8 B. 340. Jitsticia aristata, Nees in Wall. PI. As. Bar. iii. 315. Anthocometes aristatus, Nees in DC. Prod, xi. 312. Iio-wer Guinea. Angola: Golungo Alto, Welioitsch, 5155! 5197! 5198! Caloniba, Welwitsch, 5134 ! Also found in South Madras and Ceylon. - 4L ORE ACANTHUS, Benth. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1104. Calyx small, divided to the base ; segments 5, equal, linear. Corolla small, 2-lipped; tube campanulate, hardly ^-^ in. long; lips nearly J in. long, posticous subentire, anticous 8-lobed. Stamens 2 ; anthers long- exserted, 1 -celled, muticous ; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 longitudinal smooth depressions. Ovary and style-base glabrous; branches of the style 2, minute, equal, oblong ; ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule oblong, 4-seeded, lower part contracted ; seeds discoid, wrinkled, without hairs. — Shrub, up to 12 ft. high. Leaves entire. Panicle terminal, compound, lax, many-flowered, viscid-hairy'; bracts very small, linear. Species 1, endemic. The pollen of this plant is figured by Lindau [in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 282, fig. Ill, D, a b] as a typical example of " Guertel pollen." It is drawn there globose (or short-ellipsoid with transverse ribs), smooth with the patches round the stopples tubercular. I find the }iollen definitely ellipsoid (not globose), with 2 longitudinal smooth depressions in which the stopples are placed. In a word, the pollen is that of Justicia diffusa (and many other small Justicias) ; but the genus should be Duvernoia, Lindau, if we depend on pollen alone for the genus. Oreacanthus.] xcviii. acanthace.-e (claiike). 177 1. O. Manniiy Benth. in Iknth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1104. Leaves up to Ih by 3 in., acuminate at either end, very slightly hairy, especially on the nerves beneath, margin obscurely crenulate ; cystoliths subconspicuous on both surfaces; petiole 0-1 in. long. Panicle up to 11|- by 7 in., with l()()-200 flowers; bracts hardly J in. long, linear. Calyx J in. long. Corolla mauve or whitish. Capsule § in. long. Lindau in Engl. &l Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ?> B. 345. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Cameroon Mountain, 7000 ft., Mann, 1259 ! 1971 ! 8000 tt., Johnston, 64 ! 65 ! Kalbreyer, 132 ! Preuss, 1078 ! 42. BRACHYSTBPHANUS, Nees; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen PL ii. 1105. Calyx 5-partite nearly to the base; segments equal, linear. Corolla slender, 2-lipped ; tube slender, hardly widened upwards ; lips subentire, or the posticous emarginate, the anticous very shortly 3-lobed. Stamens 2 ; filaments glabrous, exserted, about as long as the corolla-lips ; anthers 1-celled, muticous; pollen globose, echinate (stachelpollen), or more often nearly smooth with most minute points. Ovary and style glabrous; stigma nearly capitate; ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule small, oblong, shortly stalked, normally 4-seeded. Seeds rugose, without hairs. — Herbaceous (as noted) up to 5 feet. Leaves entire or nearly so. Spikes, or oblong panicles, with many flowers, terminal or axillary, more or less hairy ; outer bracts (floral leaves) prominent, imbricate, or narrow, or (in panicles) small, linear ; inner bracts (or bracteoles) small, linear, or 0. Species 8, viz. the 6 here described with 2 in Madagascar. In this genus, as Lindau hints, the pollen is 3-banded in B. longijlorus, Lindau ; in other species minutely echinulate, more obscurely banded (always with 3 stopples). Spikes elongate, close ; floral leaves more or less imbricate. Floral leaves obovate or elliptic, glabrate . . . 1. J5. africanus. Floral leaves narrow-oblong, ciliate . . . . 2. B. Holstii. Panicle condensed, linear ; flowers scarcely pedicelled. Floral leaves lanceolate . . . . . . ^. B. longijlorus. Floral leaves linear ....... 4. B. jaundensis. Flowers panicled ; flowers pedicelled ; floral leaves and bracts minute. Panicle lax; sepals ^—^ in. long, glabrate . 5. B. Occident alls. Panicle cylindric ; sepals -^ in. long, viscid-pubescent . 6. B. Mannii. 1. B. africanus, ^S'. Mom^e in Trans. Linn. >Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. 31. Nearly glabrous. Leaves up to 6| by 2 in., tapering at both ends; cystoliths small, numerous on the lower surface ; petiole \-2 in. long. Spikes up to 7 by J in., strobilate ; floral leaves i by ^ in., obovate, acuminate, upper 1 -flowered, lower with 3-2 perfect or imperfect flowers; bracteoles ^ in. long, linear-lanceolate. Sepals 5, sul>equal, J-J in. long, linear, with cystoliths, glabrous, or with a very few short- stalked glands on the margin. Corolla-tube f in. long, linear; lips 178 xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). [BrachystepJianus. J-J in. long, elliptic. Filaments J in. long, exserted; anthers y^ in. long, glabrous; pollen globose, slightly 3-angled, most minutely echinu- late, with 8 stopples. Ovary oblong, glabrous; disc short; style of genus. — Lindau in Engl. ^ Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 344, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 372. Mozaxnb. Blst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland j Mount Mlanje, 6000 ft., Whyte, 56 ! This plant illustrates the illusory nature of the distinction between bracteoles {yorblaetter) and bract {deckblatt). If a "bract" from the upper part of the spike be taken off, the 2 lateral green bracteoles are seen in their regular position ; but if a lower floral leaf be taken off, a growth from one or both the bracteoles is seen, the bracteole is broader and indicates an approach in shape to that of the deckblatt, and may support a perfect flower. 2. B. Holstii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 53. Branchlets minutely pubescent. Leaves up to 4 by 2 in., narrowed at both ends, minutely pubescent beneath, at least on the midrib ; petiole up to f in. long. 8pikes 2\ by J in., dense or interrupted, scarcely strobilate ; bracts h in. long, narrow -lanceolate, ciliate. Sepals J in. long, linear-oblong, ciliate. Corolla crimson ; tube f in. long ; lips nearly \ in. long, elliptic. Filaments J in. long, exserted; pollen globose, echinate. Pistil of the genus. — Lindau in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 344, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 372. IMCozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro ; Marangu, 7000 ft., Volkens, 838 ! Johnston, 1 ! Usambara ; Maganiba Mountain, Hoist, 3811 ! This is allied to B. Lyallii, Nees, from Madagascar; but has a much shorter corolla-tube. 3. B. longifloms, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 53. Stem 3 ft. high, minutely pubescent. Leaves up to 5 J by 2\ in., narrowed at both ends, minutely and sparsely bristly on both surfaces ; petiole J-1 J in. long. Panicles up to 3 by J in., of very dense contracted cymes, with many-celled hairs of which the alternate cells are thicker ; floral leaves 1 by y\y-^ in., narrow-lanceolate. Sepals exceeding J in. in length, linear-subulate, hairy as the bract. Corolla purple; tube |-l.in. long ; lips J in. long, subentire. Anthers exserted \ in. ; pollen globose, slightly trigonous, 3-banded, smooth or very nearly so. Pistil of the genus. Capsule J in. long, 4-seeded. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 344. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Buea, 5500 ft., Preuss, 890 ! 846 ! Fernando Po, 3000 ft., Mann, 589 ! 4. B. jaundensis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xxii. 125. Stem 2-5 ft. high, sparingly pubescent. Leaves up to 4 by 1 J in., narrowed at both ends, puberulous or glabrate ; cystoliths inconspicuous ; petiole up to h in. long. Spike (condensed panicle) terminal or on a short axillary branch, 1-3 by J in. ; bract and bracteoles J in. long, linear, hispid-pubescent. Sepals J in. long, linear, hairy. Corolla light purple; tube 1-1 J in. long, sparsely hairy without ; hps J in. long, subentire. JBrachy Stephanies.] xcviii. acanthace^ (clarke). 179 Anthers J-J in. exserted ; pollen globose, slightly trigonous, obscurely 3-banded, minutely tubercled. — B. yaundensis, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 344. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Yaunde, Zenker Sf Staudt, 312 ! Lolodorf, Staudt, 374 ! Efulen, Bates, 246. 5. B. occidentalis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 53. Stem 0 ft. high, nearly glabrous. Leaves 5J by 2J in., narrowed at both ends, when mature glabrate above, minutely hairy beneath ; cystoliths many, small; petiole ^-1 in. long. Panicles 3 J by \\ in. long, lax, minutely pubescent ; lower branches e volute into zigzag racemes ; flowers solitary ; bract scarcely y^ in. long, linear. Sepals \-\ in. long, linear, nearly glabrous. Corolla-tube | in. long ; lips \ in. long, slightly notched. Pollen globose, strongly echinate. Pistil of the genus. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 344. I.ower Guinea. Isle of St. Thomas, 2000 ft., Mann, 1096! Quint as, 91! Welwitsch, 5208 ! Moller, 16 ! 6. B. (?) Mannii, C. B. Clarke. Stem 2-3 ft. high. Leaves 6J by 2^ in., obovate-lanceolate, attenuate at both ends, nearly glabrous ; cystoliths scattered on the under surface and along the nerves on the upper surface; petiole up to f in. long; main nerves subparallel, 10 on each side the midrib. Panicle terminal, 3 by § in., viscid-pubescent ; flowers solitary, the lower on short zigzag racemes ; bracts \ in. long, linear. Sepals \ in. long and upwards, linear, viscid-pubescent. Corolla purple ; tube J in. long, linear. Filaments 2, long exserted, glabrous ; pollen globose, most minutely tubercled. Pistil glabrous ; ovary oblong ; stigma subcapitate ; disc small. Iiower Guineat Gaboon : Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1666 ! Anthers not seen ; hence the genus is not certain. 43. JUSTICIA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f.Gen. PI. ii. 1108. Calyx (small or medium) divided nearly to the base ; segments o (or very rarely 4), linear or linear-lanceolate. Corolla 2-lipped, nearly alw^ays hairy without; tube not (or scarcely) longer than the limb ; anticous lip 3-lobed ; posticous lip entire or shortly 2-lobed ; palate often marked by spots or transverse wrinkles. Stamens 2 ; one anther-cell distinctly below the other, definitely tailed ; pollen elHpsoid, with 2 or 3 longitudinal smooth areas containing stopples, continued to the pole or not, with longitudinal rows of tubercles often reduced to granular patches or obsolete. Ovary with 2 (or 1) ovules in each cell ; style linear, usually more or less hairy in the lower half ; branches 2, minute, subequal. Capsule 4-seeded , stalk solid, usually short, not slender: placenta not rising from the base elasticolly ; seeds rough or tubercular, rarely hairy. In J. heterocarpa, and a few allied species, besides the normal 4-seeded capsule there occur 1- seeded dimorphic, 180 XCVIII. ACANTHACE/E (cLAUKE). [Jitsticia. spinous-vvinged capsules. — Herbs or shrubs. Leaves entire or obscurely wavy-crenate. Flowers small or medium-sized, purple-yellow or white, in spikes (strobilate or loose, or interrupted below), terminal or axillary, or in axillary clusters, or solitary, or in slender loose axillary spikes, or in panicles, or in reduced (often panicled) cymes ; floral leaves broad, imbricated (as in strobilate spikes), or narrow, long, or small ; bracts long elliptic, or narrow small, or 0. Species 200; throughout all warm regions. *Betonica. — Spikes strobilate; floral leaves ovate, often somewhat 1-ranked. Sepals 5, except in 11. J. tenella. Pollen hardly tubercled. Floral leaves white reticulated with green or purple veins. Capsule hairy. (Species 1-7 are all one in the opinion of T. Anderson and of S. Moore.) Floral leaves reticulated with green veins. Petiole \-^ in. long Petiole 0-Jg^ in. long. Leaves softly hairy beneath. Leaves up to 3 in. long ..... Leaves |-| in. long Leaves nearly glabrous. Leaves 2\ in. long ..... Leaves 1| in. long ..... Leaves f in. long Floral leaves reticulated with purple veins . Floral leaves not white, reticulate-veined. Sepals 5. Leaves up to 7 in, long; floral leaves | in. long, white margined ...... Leaves up to 3| in. long ; floral leaves \-^ in. long Leaves up to 1 in. long, round ]. J. Betonica. 2. J. betonicoides. 5. J. ruwenzoriensis . 6. J. andongensis. 4. J. trinervis. 3. J. nilgherrensis. 7. J. versicolor. Sepals 4 ; floral leaves \ in. long . . . . ^ROSTELLTJLAEIA. — Flowers in terminal spikes, hardly strobilate, more or less interrupted at the base; floral leaves narrower than in subgenus Betonica, upper imbricated. Flowers 1-3 under each floral leaf, which becomes the " proper bract " when there is only 1 flower under it. Sepals 5 (in a few species the posticous sepal much smaller than the others), not conspicuously white-margined. Floral leaves ovate or elliptic (see also 21. J. nyassana). [Species in this group of which the fruit is un- known may turn out to be of the genus Monechma?^ 8. J. Pseudorungia. 9. J. pmtcinervia. 10. J. Emini. 11. J. tenella. 12. J. phyllostachys. Flowers 3-2 under each floral leaf Flowers 1 under each floral leaf (bract). Leaves acuminate ; ovary glabrous . . .13. J. lata. Leaves subotuse ; ovary shaggy . . . 14. J. simplicispica. Corolla \-\ in. long. Leaves 5 in. in diam., very long petioled, cordate .15. J.Jittonioides Leaves f in. long ; floral leaves orbicular 16. J. mossambieensis. Justicia. XCVIII. ACANTHACE-E (cLARKE). 181 Leaves \ in. long; floral leaves narrowly elliptic . 17. J. baravensis. Floral leaves linear-oblong or linear (small narrow- elliptic in 21, J. nyassana). Sepals yV" V in. long, linear-lanceolate or linear. Cupsule soft with many minute deflexed hairs. Spikes ^ in. broad. Bracts and bracteoles without linear yellow- hairy tips. Leaves ovate to elliptic. Sepals hispid, and also with minute moniliform hairs . . .18. J.Jlava. Sepals hispid, but with no moniliform hairs ...... 19. J. palustris. Leaves lanceolate to linear . . .20. J. kirkiana. Bracts and bracteoles with linear yellow-hairy tips . . . . . . . 21. «7. nyassana. Spikes \ in. broad ..... 22. J. linearispica. Capsule (as ovary also) quite glabrous. Spikes continuous or nearly so. Petiole 0-i in Spikes more or less interrupted at the base. Spike linear-oblong, somewhat interrupted . Spike long-linear, much interrupted . Sepals I in. long, conspicuously white-margined. Leaves subsessile ; corolla § in. . Leaves petioled ] corolla 1 in. . Sepals 4, subequal, small, with very small flowers . 23. J, longecalcarata. 24. J. tanaensis. J. aridicola. J. stachytarphe- toides. 27. J. togoensis. 28. J. tilugurica. 29. J. diffusa. **^Calophanoides. — Flowers axillary, sessile, clustered or solitary j uppermost clusters hardly confluent into a spike. fBranches herbaceous, internodes long. Leaves more or less hairy. Flowers mostly 4 or 2 in each cluster under one floral leaf with minute (or no) bracts, though solitary flowers also occur. All the capsules seen in this group normal, 4-seeded, exceeding \ in. long. [Species 30-34 of this group, together with 37, may be treated as one (for which composite species T. Anderson devised the name J. neglecta) ; Oliver accepted this view, but kept 35. J. dys- choristeoides distinct.] Capsule glabrous; style-base usually hairy, and some- times tip of capsule slightly hairy. Sepal-tips lanceolate, or subobtuse shortly linear-tipped. Leaves dark green, lower long-petioled . Leaves pale green, short-petioled .... Sepal-tips linear, acute, hispid. Leaves 1-3 in. long. Sepals \ in. long ; corolla \ in. long . Sepals i in. long ; corolla less than ^ in. long Sepals -| in. long. Corolla |-1 in. long, tube narrow . Corolla \ in. long, tube broad VOL. V. 32. 33. 34. 36. J. insular is. J. calcarata. Galeopsii. Lazarus. leikipien.^is. pinguior. 182 XCVIII. ACANTHACEiE (CLARKE). [Justida, Leaves J in. long, very glabrous Capsule hairy. Leaves oblong, scabrid hairy .... Leaves lanceolate to linear, glabrate . . . , Leaves ovate to lanceolate, hairy j-fHarnieria. — Branches herbaceous ; internodes long. Leaves more or less hairy. Flowers several or one in a cluster. Capsules normal, 4-seeded ; and also (often mixed therewith in the same cluster) abnormal, ovoid, Bubpyramidal, 1-seeded capsules, with strongly toothed wings. — N.B, In J. Mollugo, J. shehelensis, J. hetero- carpa, var. /9, and in J. lepfocarpa no abnormal capsules have been seen, and the plants may prove to belong to groups f or ttt- Further, the typical dimorphic-fruited J. Melampyrum was esteemed by Oliver to be possibly only a seasonal form of J. instilaris, T. Anders, in group f. Flowers 5 in. long at least. Normal capsules more than \ in. long. Lower leaves ovate-lanceolate, base acute Lower leaves long-petioled, base rounded Leaves \ in. long, obovate, snbsessile Flowers scarcely \ in. long. Normal capsules less than \ in. long. Lower leaves ovate-lanceolate. Flowers sessile. Sepals ^ in. long. Normal capsules ^J in. long . Sepals i in. long. Capsule \ in. long . Lower leaves oblong-elliptic. Flowers subcymulose . •fffFlowers scattered, many solitary, or axillary on short pedicels ; but clusters of 3-1 flowers frequently occur. [These form a badly-limited group, placed with Gendarussa by T. Anderson and Bentham. I do not see any particular affinity between J. Gendarussa and J. odora (the "type" of the present group), but I have 110 great improvement in the arrangement to pro- pose.] Mature leaves glabrous ; in J. Fischeri sometimes with a few bristles on the margins. [Corolla |-§ in. long. Capsule glabrous.] Leaves linear ; capsule § in. long .... Leaves ovate or oblong; capsule hardly \ in. long. Leaves hardly \ in. long; corolla purple . Leaves exceeding i in. long ; corolla (where known) yellow. Leaves obtuse. Nerves obscure ..... Nerves distinct ...... Leaves apiculate ...... Mature leaves (often minutely or thinly) hairy. Species of West Africa (leaves f in. long; corolla violet) ........ Species of East Africa. Capsule glabrous. Leaves \ in. long; corolla \ in. long 35. J. dyschoristeoides. 37. J. sexangularia. 38. J.filifolia. 39. J. Whytei. 43. 44. 45. J. Melampyrum. J. Lindaui. J. shehelensis. J. heterocarpa. J. leptoearpa. J. Mollugo. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. J. LorteoB. J. Phillipsice. J. odora. J. sansiharensis. J. Fischeri. J. hrevicaulis. J. microphylla. Justicia. XCVIII. ACANTHACE^ (cLARKE). 183 Leaves 1 in. long; corolla | in. long . . 53. J. gesnerifulia. Capsule hairy. Leaves 1 in. long; corolla about \ in. long . 54. J. diclipter aides. Leaves \-^ in. long ; corolla \-\ in. long . 55. J. urbaniana. ****GENDAETJasA. — Panicle terminal, or the axillary cymes running into an elongate terminal quasi-panicle. Bracts linear, shorter than the calyx, inconspicuous ; floral leaves (if any) remote from the calyx, at the principal divisions of the panicle. [N.B. There is no essential diflference between the inflorescence of h species such as J. cordata and that of subgenus Bostellularia ; the primal'y branches of the " panicle " carrying small clusters of flowers at their tops are altogether homologous with the lateral branches carry- ing short terminal spikes in RostellulaHa ; the tangible diflference is that in the subgenus Gendarussa the bracts are narrow, not longer than the calyx.] Panicle linear, nearly continuous (a very glabrous shrub) 56. J". Oendanissa. Panicle more lax, with the lateral cymes more or less evolutc. Flowers 1 in. long or more. Corolla very deeply 2-lipped. Ovary glabrous ; leaves nearly glabrous Ovary and capsule hairy. Leaves up to 5 in. long, sparsely pubescent Leaves 1^ in. long ; pubescence brown- glandular ...... Leaves ^ in. long, minutely densely grey- hairy ...... Corolla-tube much longer than the lips . Flowers ^-f in. long. Panicle branches divaricate or recurved ; flowers solitary. Ovary and capsule glabrou*. Panicle oblong ; floral leaves often large, ovate 62. J. laxa. Panicle linear ; floral leaves small, linear . 63. J. vyramidata. Ovary and capsiile hairy ..... 64. J. exten^a. Panicle branches oblique, erect, with a cluster of 3-1 flowers at the top. Branches and leaves glabrous .... 65. J. cordata. Branches and leaves hairy .... 66. J. piloso-cordata. Panicle branches of short 1-sided spikes; flowers solitary ....... 67. J. ntasaiensis. Panicle compound ; floral leaves 0 or minute ; flowers in small distant sessile clusters . . . 68. J. interrupta. Panicle compound with capillary branches; flowers solitary ....... 69. J. glabra. Ansellia. — Spikes axillary, weak, unilateral, with ^qw distant solitary flowers. Corolla small. Capsule small, ellipsoid, short-stalked, 4-seeded, very thin in texture ; seeds strongly rugose. These plants form a small, distinct, closely-allied group, and appear to me related to some American species of Dianthera (as D. ovata, 57. J. Rendlei. 58. J. Preussii. 59. J. salviifiora. 60. 61. J. grisea. J. beleroponoides. 184 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). [JiLstida. Walt., Rhytigloftsa humilis, Nees) ; but in Ansellia the tail of the lower anther is well developed, so that the group Ansellia cannot be united with Dianthera unless, with Lindaii, the unmanay^eably lonp series of species of Juslicia be increased by sinking Dianthera altogether in it. Lindau assigns these species of sect. Ansellia as " typical " examples of his section Rostellaria (characterised by Lindau as having flowers in dense spikes). The sect. Ansellia, as intimated by T, Anderson, is possibly best dealt with by making it a separate genus. Spikes usually with more than 2 flowers. Corolla about ^ in. long. (These three species in the arrangement of Lindau are but one.) Nearly glabrous. Leaves oblong or linear . . 70. J. anselliana. Pilose. Leaves 2-3 in. long. .... 71. J. matammensis. Pilose or pubescent. Leaves ^-§ in. long . . 72. J. uncinulata. Corolla I in. lon^ or nearly so . . . . . 73. J. crassiradix. Spikes 2- flowered ; leaves subsessile, base truncate . . 74. J. Nuttii. 1. J. Betonica, Linn. S}). Plant. 21. Shrubby, nearly glabrous. Leaves :> by 1^ in., ovate, acuminate, shortly acuminate at the base; petiole J,-J in. long. Spikes 4J by | in. long, strobilate; bracts some- what 4-ranked, ^ by ^ in., ovate, acute, white green-nerved ; bracteoles J by \ in., similar to the bracts. Sepals \ in. long, linear, pubescent. Corolla h in. long, white, rose-spotted. Filaments glabrous, dilated at the top ; one anther-cell below the other, very long-tailed ; pollen ellipsoid with 2 stopples, the longitudinal band passing completely round the grain, with one row of patches on each side of each stopple. Pistil nearly glabrous. Capsule ^ by i in., retrorsely hairy, 4-seeded ; stalk ■^ in. long, solid, stout ; seeds rugose. — T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 38 ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 525. Adhatoda Betonica, Nees in Wall. PI. As. Rar. iii. 103, and in DC. Prod. xi. 385. Nicoieha Betonica^ Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 5G, G3, t. 2, fig. 56, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 329, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370.— Rheede, Hort. Malabar, ii. t. 21. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone (ex Lindau). £o\irer Guinea. Angola and Damaraland (ex Lindau). Xfile Ziand. Abyssinia : Kordofan, (ex Lindau). XKEozamb. I>ist. Portuguese East Africa: Goiongoza, Carvalho ! No example that matches at all closely the ovate-leaved J. Betonica, Linn, (type, Rheede, Hort. Malab. ii. t. 21), has been seen by me from Africa except Carvalho's; and the above distribution is given on the authority of Lindau, who possibly (as T. Anderson) considered several of the succeeding species as mere varieties of J. Betonica. But Lindau admits liicoteba nilyherrensis and N. versicolor as species. This species also occurs in India and Malaya. 2. J. betonicoides, C. B. Clarke. Leaves 3 by J-f in., oblong or lanceolate, hairy beneath and on the nerves above, subsessile. Style rather densely hairy ; otherwise as J. Betonica. Justicia.] xcviii. acanthace.e (clarke). 185 wile Ziand. British East Africa: Jur; Jur Gliattas, Schweinfurth, 1423.1 Mittu, Schxoeinfurth, 2793 ! Bongo, Schweinfurth, 2543 ! along Gilgil River, north of Lake Naivaslia, 6000-7000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6647 ! XVIozaznb. Bist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Taiiganvika Plateau, at Fort Hill, 3500-4000 ft., Whyte ! The plants here collected ilo not match exactly. In Scott-Elliot, 6647, the bracts are more than \ in. long, very wliite scarious ; in Schiveinfurth^ 1423, the stems are very hairy, the bracts more than \ in. long, mucronate ; in other examples the bracts are ^\ in. long, green. 3. J. nilgherrensis,. Wall. Cat. 2135. Small, procumbent, nearly glabrous. Leaves f by ^ in., lanceolate, sessile. 13racts ^ ^y \ in., greenish- white, green-veined ; bracteoles \ in. long, lanceolate. Fila- ments glabrous, except close to their point of attachment ; otherwise as J. Betonica.—C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 520 ; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 309, partly. Adhatoda nihjherrica, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 38G ; Wight, Ic. t. 1544. Nicoteha nikjherrensis, Lindau in Engl, ct Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 329. ItovreT Guinea. Angola : Huilla, Wehcit.sch, 5043 I This specimen has acute leaves and laxer spikes tlian in the South Indian J. nilgherrensis. 4. J, trinervia, Vahl^ Enum. i. 156. Small, procumbent, nearly glabrous. Leaves Ih by ^ in., oblong-elliptic, obtuse, sessile. Spikes 1 J by J in., flexuose ; bracts \-\ in. long, ovate, acute, green-veined. Flowers rather smaller than those of ./. Betonica. — C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 526. J. Betonica, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 510. Adhatoda trinervia^ Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 386. .1. varie- ^ato, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 385; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 154; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 104. Nicoteba tHnervia, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 329. Gemlarussa varie- gata, Hochst. ex Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 385. wile Ziand. Abyssinia : Sana ; on dry hills near Dochli, Schimper, 516 I Also in Southern India. 5. J. ruwenzoriensis, C. B. Clarke. Stems 8 in. long, with patent white hairs. Leaves |-f in. in diam., ovate or round, softly hairy beneath ; petiole hardly any. Spikes 2 by ^-J in. ; bracts | in. long, ovate or obovate, scarcely acute, haiiy, green-nerved. Corolla ivs of ./. Betonica, but rather smaller. Filaments glabrous ; pollen with 3 large stopples. Ovary hairy ; lower part of the style very hairy ; otherwise as ,/. Betonica. llCozamb. Sist. German East Africa : Karagwe, on dry hills, 4000-5000 ft., Scott- Elliot, 3120 ! Possibly another variety of J. Betonica. 6. J. andongensis, C. B. Clarke. Branches 18 in. long, with two hairy lines. Leaves 2| by j in., cuneate-triangular at either end, glabrous or minutely hairy on the nerves beneath; petiole <>-jV i"- long. Spikes, flowers and bracts nearly as of J. Betonica, Linn. Fila- 180 XCVIII. ACANTHACEiE (CLARKE). [JtlSticia. ments glabrous ; pollen with 3 stopples. Style hairy. — J. Betonica, S. Moore in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. o09, partly. Ko'wer Guinea. Angola : Pungo Andongo, IVelvoitsch, 5111 ! Malangc, Pogge, 301 ! Amboland, Schinz, 36 ! The leiives of this plant, which are subsessile with both ends nearly alike, do not agree with the Indian J. Beionica. But this may be a form of J. nilgherrensis {Welwitsch, 5043), as S. Moore took it to be. 7. J. versicolor, C. B. Clarke. Woody shrub; branches and innovations densely and minutely grey-hairy. Leaves 2J by | in., oblong-elliptic, obtuse, when mature nearly glabrous; petiole 0-J in. long. Spikes terminal, 3 by 1| in.; floral leaves | by i in., narrowly elliptic, obtuse, loosely imbricate, coloured, purplish-veined. Sepals 5, \ in. long, equal, narrow -lanceolate, 3-nerved, minutely hairy. Corolla |-1 in. long, pale- violet; tube very short; posticous lip subentire. One anther-cell below the other, spurred ; pollen ellipsoid ; stopples 3, bands reaching the poles, with rows of patches not of tubercles. Capsule nearly 1 in. long, densely shortly hairy, 4-seeded ; stalk short, thick, solid ; placentae not rising elastically ; seeds irregularly tuberculate. — Nicoteha versicolor', Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 118. Xsower Guinea. Angola : Huilla, Welwitsch, 5049 ! Humpata, Newton, 117 I No specimen at Kew. 8. J. Pseudorungia, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 63. Under- shrub, 3 ft. high, very slightly hairy. Leaves up to 7 by 2^ in., acumi- nate at either end, margin wavy ; petiole up to 1 in. long, but often 0 (the wing from leaf -base being elongate). Spikes 4 by | in., strobilate ; bracts f by J in., with a white scarious margin ; bracteoles f by i in., similar. Sepals 5, ^-J in. long, minutely hairy. Corolla J in. long, white ; filaments glabrous ; one anther-cell below the other, tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 stopples, and one row of circular patches on each side of each stopple. Pistil glabrous. Capsule J-J in. long, glabrous, 4-seeded ; seeds rugose ; valves not rising elastically. — Lindau in Engl, ct Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 374. wile ]Land. British East Africa : Nyika country near Mombasa, Wakefield ! XMCozamb. 2>l8t. Zanzibar, Hildehrandt, 982 ! German East Africa : Usambara ; Mascheua, Hoist, 8801 ! Kilimanjaro, ^000 ft., Johnston, 164 ! Ulugura, Stuhhnann, 9037! 9. J. paucinervia, T. Anders. MS. Stems simple, 8-12 in. long; innovations rusty with moniliform brown hairs. Leaves 3J by 1-2 in., oblong or ovate, narrowed at either end, nearly glabrous except the nerves; cystoliths numerous on both faces; petiole J-lj in. long. Spikes terminal, 2 by J in., very loose, obscurely strobilate; bracts \-\ in. long; obovate, veined, fimbriate, almost lobed at the top, brown- ciliate, scarcely imbricate ; bracteoles 0. Sepals 5, scarcely J in. long, linear, hairy. Corolla \ in. long. Filaments glabrous ; one anther cell below the other, tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 longitudinal bands and Justicia.] xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). 187 stopples, no tubercles. Ovary nearly glabrous ; style-base somewhat hairy. liOwer Guinea. Gaboon : Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1672 ! The stem and leaves of this species are unlike those of any other Justicia, but simulate those of DisticJiocalyx angxistifolia, D. polyneura, &c., which grow at the same place. 10. J, Emini, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. ^8. Hairy. Upper leaves 1 in. long, ovate, subsessile; lower 2-3 in. long, narrowed at the base into a petiole | in. long. Spike terminal, somewhat interrupted at the base ; bracts round ; Howers solitary ; bracteoles very small. Sepals 5, equal, \ in. long, linear, hairy. One anther-cell below the other, tailed ; stopples 2 ; one row of obscure patches on either side each stopple. Ovary glabrous ; style-base hairy. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 373. Wrile Iiand. British East Africa: Mpororo; Ruhanda, Stuhlmann, 2086 ! The locality is quoted as Rubanga by Lindau, but this is clearly an error, as, according to Stuhlmann, Rubanga is the name of a Deity only. Lindau separates Nicoteha (i.e. J. Betonica) froin Justicia by the pollen only, which is said to be " banded " in Nicoteha, ** tubercled " in Justicia. The pollen is essentially the same in the two genera ; but the longitudinal row of tubercles on either side the stopple in Justicia is " obsolete " or depressed into circular granular patches in Nicoteha. As to the present species, however, placed by Lindau in Justicia, the tubercles are not more strongly indicated than they are in many species of Nicoteha. 11. J. tenella^ T. Anders, in Joum. Linn. Soc. vii. 40. Slender, 4- 12 in. long, nearly glabrous. Leaves up to 1 by f in., ovate, tip obtuse, triangular, base slightly decurrent ; petiole \-\ in. long. Spikes \-\ by i in., very dense, strobilate. Peduncles \-^\ in. long, axillary, 2-0 together ; floral leaves somewhat 4-ranked, \ in. in diam., nearly round ; bract J— j^ in, long, lanceolate ; bracteoles similar, rather smaller. Sepals 4, y\- in. long, obtuse, minutely pubescent. Corolla i in, long, bluish-white. Stamens 2 ; anther-cells ellipsoid, one below the other tailed ; pollen very small, ellipsoid, with 3 stopples and longitudinal bands reaching the poles, but no tubercles. Capsule ^ in. long, 4-seeded, glabrous ; stalk y^^ in. long, solid ; placentae not rising elastically ; seeds smooth, with very short hairs on all sides, — Lindau in Bolet. Soc. Brot. x. 147. Rostellaria tenella, Nees in DC. Prod, xi. 3('»'.> ; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 482. R. ci-enulata, Nees in DC, Prod. xi. oOO. R. parviflora^ Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 481, .Etheileina rvpestre, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 262. Micranthus I'upestris, 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 493 ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 29H. Ruiujia Baumanniij Lindau in Engl. Jahrb, xxii, 120, Anisostachya tenella^ Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 329, fig. 132, E-G. Phaulopsis rupestris, Lindau in Engl, it Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zu ii.-iv. 305. irpper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelgf. 327 I Sierra Leone : Lester Peak, Scott-Elliot, 3851! and without precise locality, Afzelius ! Rattray! Togoland, 1600 ft., Banmann, 221! BUttner, 185! Cameroons: Rio del Rev, Johnston! Efulen, Bates, 272 ! Yaunde, Zenker, 299 ! 188 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). [Jitsticia. lower Guinea. Princes Island, Barter, 19S5 I Island of St. Thomas, Don ! Wehcii-sch, 5200 ! Moller ! Gaboon : Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1690 ! Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa: Usaramo, Stuhlmann, 869b \ Uluguru, Stuhlmann, 8994 ! 12. J. phyllostachys, C. B. Clarke. Hairy ; branches 2 ft. long, angular, dividing. Leaves up to 4 by 1§ in., narrowed at both ends ; petiole li in. long. Spikes up to 2J by 1 in,, dense; floral leaves § by \ in , acute (but the lower are often 1 in. long, approximating to ordi- nary leaves, so that the inflorescence appears leafy), with 3-1 flowers under each ; bracteoles 2, minute. Sepals 5, subequal, \ in. long, linear- lanceolate. Corolla up to | in. long ; tube linear-cylindric ; very little inflated upwards ; lips scarcely \ in. long, posticous oblong-elliptic, subentire. One anther-cell below the other, tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 stopples and several rows of tubercles on the bands. Pistil glabrous except a few scattered hairs on the style. Capsule 1 in. long ; 4-seeded, glabrous ; stalk solid, less than -f-^ in. long ; placentae not rising elastically ; surface of .seeds irregularly corrugate. Xiow^er Guinea. Angola : Cunene River, Johnston I Mozamb. Blst. Nyasalund ; between Mpata and Tanganyika Plateau, 2000- 3000 ft., Whyfe ! Nyika 'plateau, 6000-7000 ft., Whyte, 118! Mount Cliiradzulu, 4000 ft., Whyte ! The Nysisaliind plant is the type of this species ; the plentiful material varies from soabrid to softly hairy. The Angola fragment is imperfect, and appears the same so far as it goes. The lower anther-cell is definitely tailed, but in one example only obscurely so. 18. J. Iseta, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 311. Perennial, 3 ft. high, hairy. Leaves up to 5 by If in., elliptic-lanceolate, acute at either end ; petiole J in. long. Spikes forming a terminal panicle, 1 J by j in., or a compound panicle 3 by 2 in., continuous, rather lax ; bract J-J in. long, lanceolate from an elliptic base, minutely hairy ; bracteoles \ in. long, similar to the bracts. Sepals 5, J in. long, linear or oblong-linear ; two anticous rather broader ; posticous hardly smaller than the two adjacent, but sometimes wanting (fide IS. Moore). Corolla | in. long, violet. One anther-cell below the other, tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 stopples and single rows of tubercles. Pistil glabrous, except a few minute hairs near the style-base. Fruit unknown. — J. malcmgana, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 71, and in Engl, k, Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349. Zio-wer Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andougo, W>Ztist. Portuguese East Africa : Mozambique Isle, Peters I in Berlin Herbarium. The example Is young, and nearly all the spikes have been damaged by some insect. The very small Howers point to sect. Harnieria, which the round bract* do not suit. 17. J. baravensis, C. B. Clarke. Branches 2 ft. long, crooked, divided, nearly glabrous, with many cystoliths. Lciives J by ^ in., ovate, minutely scabrous, hairy, finally glabrate ; petiole O-yV in. long. Spikes terminal up to 2 by J in., more or less interrupted at the base ; pubescent, with many gland-tipped hairs ; middle floral leaves (even in fruit) loosely imbricate, J by ^^ in-> narrow-elliptic, obtuse, with ;'.-l flowers; bracteoles 2, I in. long, linear-obovate. Sepals 5, linear, \ in. long, hairy. Corolla (from fragments) J in. long. Capsule J in. long, sessile, 2-seeded, ellipsoid, with many deflexed hairs. Seeds compres.»lst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, Volkens, 513 ! 440 ! Meyer, 61 ! 346 ! Neto ! Johnston, 59 ! Usambara ; Tanga, Volkens, 171 ! Rahe, Volkens, 22.01 ! Masoheua, EoUt, 8732 ! 8867 ! East Africa, Fischer, 87 ! Portuguese East Airica : Mozambique, Prelado, 23 ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland, Masuka Plateau, 6500-7000, Whyte ! The colour of the corolla is known to be yellow in J. plicata (the Upper Guinea plant), in the more ovate-leaved Angola plant, in the Abyssinia (Eritrea) plant, and in the Mozambique examples (including the Natal J. fasciata). The colour of the corolla is not known to me in J. major and J. minor (Abyssinia) ; but the type examples appear to me identical with the J. fiava from Arabia and Eritrea (Schwein- furth). Species have been founded on the degree of denseness of the inflorescence, and the distance (|— 2 in.) by which the lowest whorl of 6 (or fewer) flowers stands apart from the next upper whorl. S. Moore says that "in this species there is considerable diversity in the size and number of seeds on the same specimen " ; and Lindau refers J. major to sect. Monechma, J. plicata to sect. Rostellaria. I remark on these views that J. major and J. plicata look to me identical, and that the seeds are most uniform in all the examples cited here. The most striking aberrations from the typical J. fiava among the material above brought together are : (1) Hildebrandt, 1940, from Mombasa (and several similar examples from the same neighbourhood) , published by Lindau as J. palustris, var. dispersa : this has ovate leaves, 1 by § in. The indumentum of the calyx is that of J, fiava (not of J. palustris). (2) Welwitsch, 5035, 5097, from Angola (and other examples from the same locality), published by S. Moore as J. plicata^ var. ; this has ovate leaves, but is rather larger than Hildebrandt, 1940. (3) Rowland\s Lagos plant, which has floral leaves up to f in. long, spikes dense (in one case going ofi" into a close compound panicle). (4) Schweinfurth, 256, from Mount Erkowit, near Suakin, a small plant with small leaves, and the spike much interrupted below (with, in fact, axillary clusters of flowers). This may be a separable species ; but the fruit and seeds, the flower and calyx-indumentum, are as in J. fiava. 19. J. palustris, T. Anders. inJoum. Linn. Soc. vii. 38. Leaves up to 6 J by 1 J in., oblong, tapering at either end ; petiole very short. Sepals hispid, without minute moniliform hairs ; otherwise as J. fiava. — Zarb, Oatal. Spec. Bot. Pfund, 32; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Ptianzenfam. iv. 192 XCVIII. ACANTIIACE.« (cLARKE). [JtlSticict. ?> B. 27!), %. 108, E, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. (I81M)) 82. Tyloglossa pa lusi7' is and T. acuminata, Hochst. in Flora, 184o, 72, 1?k Adhatoda pahtstris, l^ee^ in DC. Prod. xi. 402; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. ir)7; Solnis-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. lO:^. .1. acit- minata, Xees in DC. Prod. xi. 400; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 156. Geiidarussa palusiris, Hochst. in Flora, 184:>, 72. Wile Iiand. Kordofan, Kotschy, 61 ! 80 ! Gallabat, Schweinfurth, 74 ! Abyssinia : near Gafta, Schimper, 1211 ! near Goelleb, Schimper, 139 ! 2156 ! Somaliland, Keller, 194! 195: 180! This species is here separated from J. fiava solely by the indumentum of tlie calyx. Several examples determined by Oliver and Lindau as ,/. palusfris have been cited accoidingly under J.flava. The Somali example called J. palustris by Lindau {Biva, 1156) has not been seen; Keller, 194, is smaller and greyer than J. 2)(ilustrh; and is name»l J. suaveolens by Lindau. 20. J. kirkiana, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 39. Leaves 1 J by J in., lanceolate, or (in one example) 4J by J in., linear, otherwise as J.flava. — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 'M'^. J. fasciata, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. ?u2>. Mozamb. ]>lst. German East Africa : Usambara ; Duga, Hoist, 3216 ! Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; Lupata, Kirk ! Shiramba, Kirk ! and Tete Hill, Kirk ! Lake Nyasa, Simons ! The example of Hoist, marked by Lindau J. fasciata, Nees (i.e. for me J.flava)^ matches very well one of the type examples of J. kirkiana. That is to say, the present species might be an extreme form of J.flava, but the flowers appear, when dried, white with purple marks, and were noted by Hoist as " white purple-stained." 21. J. nyassana, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 06. Floral leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, very acute ; bracts and bracteoles with linear yellow-hairy tips. Corolla \-l^ in. long. Capsule J-J in. long, otherwise as J. flava, — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. ;^>73. XVIozamb. Slst. German East Africa : Usaramo, Stuhlmann, 6875 ! Ukarai ; Mrogoro, »S^e(AZjwan», 8220 I Usambara, ^oZ.?^, 485 1 British East Africa : Nyasaland ; Kondowe to Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte ! Tanganyika Plateau, at Fort Hill, 3500-4000 ft., Whyte! Mount Chiradzolu, 4000 ft., Whyte! and without precise locality, Whyte, 40 I Buchanan, 290 1 Capsule 4-8eeded, but Lindau puts the species in sect. Monechma. Lindau also says the spikes are subcapitate, the corolla glabroJis ; he described from poor material. The corolla is perhaps purple. - 22. J. linearispica, C. B. Clarke. Root woody; branches G-10 in. long, minutely pubescent. Leaves 1 by I in., oblong, subobtuse at either end, sessile, when mature glabrous. Spike 4 by | in,, much interrupted at the base ; floral leaves scarcely J[ in. long, lanceolate, 2-1 -flowered — i.e. containing usually one corolla and an empty bract to upper flower. Sepals 4, ^ in. long, linear-lanceolate, hairy and with stalked glands, the 5th posticous much smaller. Corolla J in. long. One anther-cell below the other, tailed ; pollen with 2 stopples banded, tubercles minute. Ovary shaggy, style glabrous. Capsules J by scarcely ^-j i^^-) linear, hairy. Justicia.] xcviii. acanthace^ (clarke). 198 XVXozamb. Blst. British East Africa: Stevens)n Road, betA-een Lake Nyasa and Lake Tanganyika, Scolt-lUUot, 8267 ! This species is manifestly close to J. stachytarpheloides ; tlie inflorescence and flowers are very similar thous^h smaller ; the loaves are diverse. 23. J. longecalcarata, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 73. Innova- tions dense with yellow strigose hairs. Leaves 3 by | in., glabrate except for obscure hairs on the midrib beneath ; petiole \ in. long. Spikes i-J in. long, hairy; bracts and bracteoles linear- oblong, obtuse. Calyx, corolla, stamens, and pistil nearly as of ./. Jlava. Capsule h in. long, 4-seeded, glabrous. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam". iv. 3 B. 349, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 373. Wile Xiand. British East Africa : Ukamba, Hildebrandt , 2721 ! Sontli of Lake Baringo at Nyemps, Gregory ! nXozamb. Sist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; Volkens, 1764! 2184! and on the plain between Upper Pangani River and Hinjo River, south-east of Kilimanjaro, 2200-2600 ft., Volkens, 563 ! In Folkens, 2184, the entire spikes are hardly f in. long ; the fine examples of Gregory have inflorescences up to 9 in. long: the lowest whorl of flowers 2.^ in. distant. 24. J. tanaensis, C. B. Clarke. Branches 2 ft. long, glabrate, full of cystoliths ; innovations with strigose hairs. Leaves 3^ by 1^ in., narrowed at both ends, nearly glabrate, full of cystoliths ; petiole ^ -1 in. long ; upper leaves smaller, passing gradually into floral leaves, I by \ in. Spikes terminal, interrupted, nearly glabrous; flowers 3—1 in each floral leaf-axil. Sepals 5, \ in. long and upwards, linear-oblong, white- margined, slightly scabrous. Corolla ^ in. long or rather more, bluish {Thomas), hairy without. One anther-cell below^ the other, long-tailed. Capsule h in. long, rather stout, 4-seeded, glabrous. zrile land. British East Africa : j'ana River, Thomas, 38 ! The smooth capsule brings this next J. long ecal car ala. The long-petioled green leaves do not match. 25. J. aridicola, Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1890, 410. Woody ; branches grey-tomentose. Leaves ^ by \-}i in., elliptic to round, grey- tomentose or finally nearly glabrate ; petiole 0-^ in. long. Spike 2h by h in., with G whorls, lower approximate, topmost hardly confluent ; floral leaves \~^ in. long, linear, somewhat obovate, with 3-1 flowers. Sepals 5, \ in. long, linear, subequal, pubescent. Corolla A-J in. long. One anther-cell below the other, long-tailed; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 bands and stopples, a row of tubercles on either side of the stopple. Style with very few scattered hairs. Capsule J in. long, 4-seeded, glabrous ; stalk y\j- in. long, solid ; placentae not rising elastically ; seeds tubercled, much as in J. Jlava. KTlle Iiand. Somaliland : Adda Galla, James ^\' Thrupp .' Hammar, Miss Edilh Cole ! Darar, Donaldson Smith I 194 xcviii. ACANTIIACE.E (clarke). [Justicia. 26. J. stachytarphetoides, C. B. Clarke. Hairy, 3-8 ft. high. Leaves 4 J by 2 in., broad-elliptic, acuminate at either end ; petiole J-1 in. long. Spikes 8-13 by h in.; lowest whorls 1 in. apart, upper confluent, 3-1-flowered; outermost bract (floral leaf) \in. long, elliptic, acute; bract and bracteoles (or sterile bracts?) \ in. long, lanceolate, hairy. Sepals 6, ^ in. long, subequal, linear. Corolla h in. long. One anther-cell lower than the other, obUque, long-tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 longitudinal bands, large stopples, no tubercles. Young pistil glabrous. — Duvernoia stachytarphetoides, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 372, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam, iv. 3 B. 339. ASozamb. X>l8t. German East Africa : Umba River Valley, Smith ! Usaraino, iStuhlmann, 8121 ! Portuguese East Africa : Beira, Schlechter ! Lower Zambesi ; Shupaiiga, ^^>^ .' Scott! The capsule has not been seen, and possibly may be densely minutely hairy, though the young pistil is glabrous under the microscope. It is difficult to form genera that are " natural " in the Order Acanthacece, but it is surely too un- natural to place this species under Duvernoia. Lindau appears to have done this on one character only — viz., that the lines of tubercles often seen on the smooth bands of the pollen in Justicia are here not actual tubercles, but obscurely indicated by markings (as is the case in some species placed by Lindau in Justicia). 27. J. togoensis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 72. Small herb. Leaves 1^- by f in., elliptic, hairy, subsessile. Inflorescence terminal, -J in. long, dense ; bracts f by j?^- in., very hispid ; bracteoles 4 in. long, linear. Sepals f in. long, linear-oblong, white-edged, hispid. Corolla f in. long. Lower anther-cell tailed. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349. Upper Guinea. Togoland, BiXttner^ 222 ! The example is young, the spike not grown out ; the affinity is perhaps with J.flava, as Lindau suggests. 28. J. ulugurica, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 126. Branches woody. Leaves 1 by i in., ovate, acute, glabrous. Spikes terminal, loose, short ; bracts | in. long, lanceolate ; bracteoles minute. Sepals ^ in. long, subulate, glandular, hairy. Corolla green or light violet ; tube J in. long and more ; limb \ in. long. Lower anther-cell tailed. Fruit wanting. XMIozazub. Blst. German East Africa : Ukami ; Uluguru, Stuhlmann, 8866 ! 29. J. diffusa, Willd. Sp. PI. i. 87. Stems 8-24 in. long, weak, hairy. Leaves \^ by J— j in., elliptic or ovate, narrowed at either end, sparsely hairy ; petiole 0-i in. long. Spikes 1 -1 J by J-J in., sparsely hairy ; bracts 4 in. long, narrow-lanceolate, green with scarious margins ; bracteoles similar to the bracts but smaller. Sepals 4, J in. long, narrow-lanceolate. Corolla -| in. long, purple or rose. ' Filaments glabrous; one anther-cell below the other, tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 longitudinal bands, not tubercled. Ovary nearly glabrous ; style thinly hairy, branches 2, subequal, minute. Capsule i in. long, Justicia.] xcviii. acanthace^ (clarke). r.l.j 4-seecled, minutely hairy (at least on the top and sutures) ; seeds with simple tubercles all over. — T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. r>lL' ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. r>;3H. ,/. procuiahens, Linn. Fl. Zeyl. 7, at least in part ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 40 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 81) v;. ,/. simplex, Lindau in En^d. k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 849. Roslellularia diffusa, Neesin Wall. PI. As. Rar. iii. 100, and in DC. Prod. xi. 371. A*, ahyssinica, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 872; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 153. BarleHa pumild, Hochst. ex Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 372. Nile Xiaud. Abyssinia : Tigre ; lower part of Mount Sholoda, Schimper, 21 I on mountains near Axuin, Sckimper, 1524 ! and witliout precise locality, Schimper, 639 ! Quart in- Dillon Sf Petit, 285 ! All this African material is alike, but in matching it against the numerous sub- species of J. procumhens found in India, different views have been taken, some uniting it with J. simplex, D. Don. 30. J. insulariSy T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 40. Herba- ceous; branches 3 ft. long, straggling, angular, more or less hispid; lower nodes distant, often flower-bearing. Leaves up to 3i by |-1 in., narrowed at either end, slightly hairy on both surfaces or glabrate; petiole ^-1 in. long. Flowers 3-1 in each axil, sessile; floral leaves \-\ in. long, round or obovate, some narrower often added. Sepals 5, subequal, ^-J- in. long, broad-lanceolate or subovate, scarcely acute, sparsely hispid. Corolla exceeding J in. in length, purple ; tube very httle dilated at the top ; anticous lobe much longer than the posticous 2-fid lobe. Filaments glabrous ; one anther-cell below the other, tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 stopples, longitudinally banded, with several rows of tubercles on the band. Ovary glabrous ; style base hairy. Capsule exceeding J in. long, glabrous, 4-seeded, with a short thick solid stalk ; seeds reticu- late rugose. — Lindau in Engl. oro, Speke Sf Grant I Uganda, Wilson, 91 ! Lykipia, Gregory ! 35. J. dyschoristeoides, C. B. Clarke. Stems trailing, with many erect branches. Leaves J by ^ in., obtuse, very glabrous. Sepals \ in. long, lanceolate, scarious, thinly hispid, minutely red-dotted. Corolla J in. long. Capsule slightly exceeding \ in. in length, glabrous ; otherwise as J. calcarata. — Justicia, sp. aflf. J. neglectoi, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 345. Mozamb. Bist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 4000-6500 ft., Johnston. This plant bears a remarkable general likeness to Dyschoriste radicans ; the habit, stems, leaves, inflorescence, general size of flowers and erect fruits, might deceive any collector in the Held. 36. J. pinguior, C. B. Clarke. Stout, hairy. Leaves 2^ by 1 in., ovate, hairy on both surfaces; petioles less than J in. long. Flowers 3-1, sometimes more, in dense axillary clusters; floral leaves ^-§ in. long, ovate; proper flower-bracts 0 or minute. Sepals \-l in. long, linear, hispid. Corolla J-f in. long, purple, broad. One anther -cell wholly below the other, tailed ; pollen long ellipsoid, with 2 stopples and several rows of tubercles on each side of them. Ovary glabroius ; sty It- base hispid ; disc unusually large, cup-shaped. Capsule \ in. lung, glabrous; stalk very short ; seeds 4-tubercled. vile Z.and. British East Africa : Lykipia, 6000-8000 ft., r//o;H.von .' Uuwcnzori ; Toru Dist., Kivatii, 8300 ft., Scott-Elliot, 7656 ! This species differs much from all the preceding, and should perhaps he removed to another part of the genu5. 198 xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clabke). [Justicia. 37. J. sexangulariSy Lindau in Engl, d: Frantl, FJianzen/am. iv. 3 B. 349. Stems 20 in., branched, 6-angular, scabrid- hairy. Leaves up to 2 by J in., oblong, subobtuse, minutely and sparsely scabrid, hairy, subsessile. Flowers 3- 1 in an axil (no terminal spike) ; floral leaves oblong. Sepals J in. long, linear, subobtuse, microscopically scabrid-hairy. Corolla J in. long, purple. Capsule J-^ in. long, narrow- ellipsoid, slightly hairy near the top ; stalk very short ; seeds 4, densely tubercled. — J. paliistris, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 38, partly. Ti/loglossa Kotschyi, Hochst. in Flora, 1843, 74. Adhatoda Kotschyi, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 397 (excluding var. /3). Rostellaria sexangularis, Hochst. in Flora, 1843, 74. Xrile Xiand. Kordofan : Melbes, Kotschy^ 293 ! Nees (in DC, Prod. xi. 397) joined this plant with a Senegambian plant, probably J. Galeopsis^ T. Anders., with which this species might be united. I have not found the scrap of U. Don's collecting which Bentham (in Hook. Niger Fl. 483) thinks may have been Adhatoda Koischyi^ Nees. It was by some slip that T. Anders, reduced this species to J. palustris, T. Anders., which has (as T. Anderson sa^s) "flowers in terminal spikes." 38. J, filifolia, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 70. Straggling, sparingly hairy; branches elongate with long internodes. Leaves 3 in. long, lanceolate and ovate-lanceolate, nearly glabrous ; petioles up to li- in. long ; upper leaves (sometimes nearly all the leaves) narrow, linear-oblong or oblong, J-J in. broad. Flowers 1-3 together in the distant axils, often surrounded by several shortened floral leaves \—\ in. long, elliptic or orbicular. Sepals ^ in. long, narrow-lanceolate, acute, hispid. Corolla \—^ in. long, white with purple marks. Ovary hairy. Capsule \ in. long, hairy all over. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 373. Mozamb. Dlst* German East Africa : Ukarai ; Mrogoro, Stuhlmann, 8233 ! Portut^uese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; Shupanga, Kirk ! British East Africa : Nyasaland : near Blantyre, Last ! Buchanan, 51 1 Mandala, Scoti ! Zomba, 5000- 6000 ft., Whyte ! Kondowe to Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte ! and by the River Shire, Kirk ! Last's specimen, from which Lindau described, has lost all the lower leaves, the upper are very narrow, as usual in this species. 39. J. "WTiytei, S. Moore in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. 32. Rootstock stout, woody ; branches 1-2 ft. long, hairy. Leaves lanceo- late, lower often ovate, hairy ; petiole 0-;^ in. long, mostly very short. Flowers axillary, 1-3 together. Sepals i in. long, linear, acute, hairy. Corolla J in. long, purple. Pollen of Justicia with 3 stopples (Lindau) or with 2 (in example supplied by Lindau). Capsule exceeding \ in. long, hairy. — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 373. J. Rostellaria, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 373, in great part. J. fruticulosa, Lindau in Engl, ik Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349, partly. Upper Ouinea. Cameroons : 4000 ft., Passarge^ 129 ! If lie ]band. Eritrea : Erkowit Mountain, i^chweinfurth, 25G ! British East Justicia.] xcviii. acanthace.e (clarke). 199 Africa : Lykipia, Thomson ! near Lake Naivasha, 6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 7038 ! Ukamba, Scott-Elliot, 6306 partly ! 6489 ! nCozamb. Slst. German East Africa : Karagwe ; Buknba, /S^MA^^nanM, 4124 Kilimanjaro: Lake Chala, Volkens, 319! and Marangu, 5000 ft., Volkens, 711! Usambara, Hoist, 8914 ! 8935 partly I British Central Africa : Nynsaland ; Shire Highlands, on Mount Ndirandi, Scott-Elliot , Si67 \ Mount Mlanje, Whyte ! 136! Masuka Plateau, 6500-7000 ft., Whyte! and without precise locality, Buchanan. 304! 641! 711 ! In the examples called J. Rostellaria by Lindau, the leaves are more ovate than in the type J. Whytei (with lanceolate leaves); but the acute linear sepals and hairy capsule do not bring it near J. -calcarata. The other part of Scott-Elliot, 6306, is Dlsperma Mlimandscharicum. 40. J. Melampymniy aS'. Moore in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. 32, Sparingly minutely hairy ; branches weak, 1-2 ft. long. Leaves mostly elliptic -oblong, short-petioled, l|-2 in. long ; but on some speci- mens are leaves (from the lower half of the branch) broadly ovate with longer petioles. Flowers axillary, about 3 in each axil ; floral leaves often round or ovate, \-^ in. in diam., but longer oblong floral leaves occur. Sepals J-i in. long, lanceolate, acute, hispid. Corolla \-\ in. long. Normal capsule J in. long, thinly hairy all over with 4-tubercled seeds; abnormal capsules J in. long, nearly glabrate. — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 373. J. insularis (an var. ?), Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 129. JusfAciaj sp. n. 7, T. Thoms. in Speke, Nile Append. 643. Aclhaioda striata, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. 21(1. IVile 3&and. British East Africa: Ruwenzori, Scott-Elliot^ 7764! DLo'wer Cninea. Angola ; Malange, Buchner^ 121 ! Bf ozanib. Slst. German East Africa : Dar-es-Salaam, Stnhlmann^ 7557 ! Mnansa, Stuhhnann^ 4161 ! and without precise locality, Speke Sf Grant ! Portuguese East Africa : Rios de Sena, Peters^ 8 ! Mossambique, Prelado, 12 ! mountains east of Lake Nyasa, Johnson I British Central Africa : Kondowe to Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., JFhyte ! Masuka Plateau, 6500-7000 ft., Whyte ! Nyasaland ; Fort Johnston, Scott- Elliot, 8411! Blantyre, Buchanan^ 126! Whyte! Mount Zomba, 4000-6000 ft., Whyte ! Mount Mlanje, Whyte, and without precise locality, Buchanan, 535 ! 980 I 41. J, IjindatUy C. B. Clarke. Branches patently hispid. Leaves (even the uppermost) ovate-lanceolate, hairy. Floral leaves obovate, round. Corolla ^ in. long. and upwards. Normal capsules exceeding J in. in length ; abnormal 1-seeded capsules fully | in. long, with strongly tubercled wings. — J. heterocarpa, Lin-dau in Engl, tt Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349, fig. 139, K-0, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 373, partly. irile 3band. British East Africa : Tana River, Thomas^ 59 ! nCozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Usambara, Kwa Msliuza, Jlolsf, 4324 ! Lindau, in calling this J. heterocarpa, supposes that the large flowers produce the normal capsules, while the abnormal capsules arise from very small (or cleistoganious) flowers similar to those seen on J. heterocarpa. This is very probably so. But the J. heterocarpa, T. Anders., appears to me to differ by its dense clusters and long- tipped w^hite-hairy sepals; moreover, though the examples of J. heterocarpa, T. Anders., show abundant normal capsules, they do not show a single corolla approaching in size that of JSolst^ 4324. 200 XCVIII. ACANTHACEiE (CLARKE). [JllStida. 42. J. shebelensis, Rendle in Jovrti. Bot. 18()G, 409. Very woody, much-branched undershrab ; branchlets hairy or glabrate. Leaves i by J- J in., obovate, rounded, hairy ; petiole scarcely yV in. long. Flowers 4-1, subsessile in remote leaf -axils. Sepals 5, \ in. long, subu- late, hairy. Corolla J in. long, yellow. Lower anther-cell tailed. Capsule unknown. Xrile £and. Soinalilaiid : River Shebele, Donaldson Smith ! 43. J. heterocarpa, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 4L Annual, 8-20 in. high ; pubescent. Leaves 1 J by |-| in., ovate or ovate-lanceolate, minutely pubescent or glabrate ; petiole up to ^-f in. long. Axillary clusters dense, of 2-4 or more flowers. Sepals ^ in. long, linear, tips acute white-hairy. Corolla \-\ in. long. Capsule ^-J in. long; seeds 4, tubercled ; abnormal 1-seeded capsules seen in all the examples cited. — C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 531 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 303; Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 373, partly. Hamieria dimorphocarpa^ Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 110, 243. M-lle Iiand. Nubia : const up to 4000 ft., Bent ! Schweinfurlh , 83 ! 347 ! Eritrea: Mount Ghedem, near Massowa, Schweinfurth Sf Siva, 120! Keren, Steudner, 1505 ! Bogos, Hildehrandt ! Abyssinia : Togcdele, Ehrenberg ! Gageros, 4000 ft., Schimper, 162 ! 2300 ! and without precise locality, Schim'per, 1296a ! Somaliland : Hahi, James Sf Thrupp ! Warandab, Keller, 214! British East Africa: on rocks above Lake Elmeteita, Scott-Elliot, 6630 ! XVXozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Kiliiuanjaro ; Marangu, 4800 ft., Volkens, 900! British Central Africa: Kamboli, Nutt / 44. J. leptocarpa, Liyidau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 70. Closely resembles J. heterocarpa, but is rather larger in all its parts. Clusters dense, of many flowers. Sepals \ in. long, linear-lanceolate to linear, acute, green with white margins, white-hairy. Capsule \ in. long, sparsely hairy; abnormal capsules rarely found. — Lindau in Engl. k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 373. Vile Iiand. Eritrea : Keren, Steudner, 1505 1 near Saati, Schtoeinfurth Sf Riva, 500 ! IMCozaxQb. Blst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro ; Marangu, 2700 ft., Volkens, 2167 ! Usambara ; Kwa Mshuza, Hoist, 8903 ! Plains near Pangani, Volkens, 4:04:1 M ash eua, 5'o^5^, 8799 ! British Central Africa: Ngamiland; Kwebfe, Lugard, 129 ! Volkens, 454, appears identical with Steudner, 1505, which Sohns-Laubach marked J. heterocarjja, possibly correctly. But I cannot find an abnormal capsule on these examples. 45. J. MoUugOy C. B. Clarke. Scabrous hispid. Leaves numerous, up to j by J-i in., oblong. Axillary clusters subcymosely developed ; flowers pedicellate. Corolla scarcely i in. long. Capsules \-}r long, with many-celled hairs on the upper part ; none abnormal.—./, lepto- carpa, Lindau in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 340, partly. Mozamb. I>l8t. British Central Africa : Xyasaland ; Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte ! and without precise locality, Buchanan! Jusf-icia.] xcviii. acanthace.e (clarke). 201 40. J. Lorteae, Rendle inJourn. Hot. 1897, 879. Branches 8-1 G in. long, slender, woody, round, glabrous, with long internodes. Leaves 1 by ^^J in., linear, glabrous. Flowers 2 (or oftener 1) sessile in remote axils ; bract and bracteoles less than -f^ in. long. Sepals 5, nearly \ in. long, subequal, linear, minutely pubescent. Corolla i-J in. long ; anticous lip longer than the posticous. One anther-cefl much below the other, strongly tailed. Capsule f in. long, 4-seeded, glabrous ; stalk \-^ in. long, solid, thick; placenta3 not rising elastically ; seeds tuber- cular-scabrous. Wile Iiand. Somaliiand'; Upper Sheikh, and Waggar Mountains, Mrs. Lort- PhiUips! 47. J. Phillipseae, Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1897, 378. Root stout. Branches scarcely (5 in. long, slender, divaricate, glabrous ; internodes long. Leaves up to J by \-^ in., ovate, scarcely acute, glabrous ; petiole up to J in. long. Flowers solitary, rarely 2 together, axillary, sessile ; bract 0. Sepals 5, equal, i in. long, linear, with few hairs, very few gland-tipped. Corolla J in. long, purple, glabrous without, very sparingly hairy within. One anther-cell below the other, tailed. Cap- sule f in. long, 4-seeded, smooth ; stalk short, solid, thick. srile Iiand. Somaliland : Golis Range, Mrs. Lort-Phillips ! Waggar Mountains, Mrs. Lort-Phillips 1 Ujiper Sheikh, Mrs. Lort-Phillips ! and between Dobar and Hammer, Mrs. Lort-Phillips ! Donaldson Smithy 337 I 48. J. odora, Vahl, Enum. i. 164. Undershrub, 1-2 ft, high, glabrous (except the calyx and corolla) ; twigs woody, glaucous. Leaves 1 by \-\ in. (in Thomas, 81, up to 3 by If in.), obtuse, base narrowed ; petiole 0-y^ in. long. Flowers axillary, solitary or more rarely 2-3 together, the cyme being then developed with obovate floral leaves \-\ in. long. Sepals 5, ^ in. long, linear, microscopically pubescent. Corolla h in. long, yellow [Thomas). One anther-cell below^ the other, tailed ; pollen of Justicia, stopples 2. Capsules ^ in. long, rather stout, 4-seeded, glabrous ; stalk nearly ^ in. long, thick, solid ; seeds tuber- cular-scabrous.— T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 42 ; Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. 1896, 82 ; Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 31)8. J. polijmooyha, Schinz in Verhandl. Bot. Yer. Brandenb. xxxi. (1889) 203 ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349. ./. leuco- der7nis, Schinz in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. xxxi. (1889) 202. ? Dianthera odora, Forsk. Fl. ^gypt.-Arab. 8. Adhatoda odora, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 399. A. Hypericum, Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 102. Ifflle Ziand. Nubia : Suakim, Schweiufurth, 042 ! Abyssinia : Mawerr, 30(X» ft., Schimper, 136! Tacazze River, 3000—4000 ft., Schimper, 2135! and witliout precise locality. Schiynper, 1447! Somaliland: Widaba, Miss Edith Cole! Tola ( Tula ?^ River, Kirk ! Habr Aual, Robecchi, 262 ! Donaldson Smith ! Tana River, Thomas., 81 ! Habab, 3000 ft., Hildehrandt, 454 ! Ziower Guinea. Amboland : Oshando, Schinz, 32 I IWozamb. I>lst. Ngamiland : near Kwebe, Luqard, 72 ! " When dried smells as Anthoxanthum," Nees. 202 xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). [Justicia, 49. J, sansibarensiSy Lindciu in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 71. Stout shrub ; branches pubescent. Leaves up to 2\ by 1 in., ovate, obtuse, when mature glabrous; petiole J in. long; upper leaves scarcely 1 in. long, subsessile, round elliptic, passing into small round floral leaves. Flowers 3-1 in each axil ; bracts and bracteoles minute or 0. Calyx i in. long. Corolla | in. long. One anther-cell lower than the other, spurred. Capsule J in. long, ^-seeded, glabrous; stalk short; seeds tubercular-scabrous. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. o B. 840, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 378. Mozaxnb. Dlst. Zanzibar, Hildehrandf, 983 ! German East Africa, Hanning- ton! 50. J. Fischeriy Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. G5. Glabrous; branches woody. Leaves |-2 in. long, ovate ; base rounded ; tip triangular- apiculate ; primary nerves prominent beneath ; margins white, thickened and often hispid-ciliate ; petiole hardly any. Flowers 3-1 in the axils of distant leaf-pairs ; bracts J by ^ in., elliptic. Sepals 5, equal, ^ in. long, glabrous, lanceolate with linear tip. Corolla J— § in. long, yellow. One anther-cell below the other, tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, banded, with '2 stopples ; tubercles obsolete. Ovary glabrous ; style-base hairy. Capsule h in. long, glabrous, stalked, 4-seeded. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 378. Mozamb. Sist. German East Africa : Usambara ; Kwa MsLuza, Hoist, 8897 ! and without precise locality, Fischer, 89 ! 490 ! Var, ? Iceterirens, C. B, Clarke. Leaves | by i in., oblong or narrow elliptic, narrowed at base, green when dried, primary nerves obscure beneath, margin not thickened but liispid-ciliate ; petiole ^VtV ^"- ^^"?' distinct ; otherwise as J. Fischeri. — J. Icetevirens, Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 409. Wile I^and. Somaliland : between Lake Stephanie and Lake Kudolph, Donaldson Smith! This looks distinct from Fischer's plant ; but in Hoist, 8897, there are on one branch leaves varying from narrow cuneate-oblong apiculate to ovate obtuse, 51. J. brevicaulis, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 341. Rhizome thick. Branches 2-'^ in. long, hairy. Leaves | by J in., obovate-oblong, subobtuse, hairy, finally more or less glabrate, subsessile. Peduncles up to J in. long, axillary, 1 -flowered, hairy; bracteoles 2 a little below the flower, y\^ in. long, linear, hairy. Sepals i in. long, linear-oblong, hairy. Corolla J in. long or rather more, violet (S. Mooo'e). Lower anther-cell shortly tailed ; pollen ellipsoid with 2 stopples and bands, no tubercles. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 393. Ttovrer Guinea. Angola : Huilla, Welvntsch, 5774 ! 52. J. microphylla, Lindau in Engl, d' Prantl, Pjianzenfam. iv. 3 B. 849. Procumbent, woody, IJ ft. long. Leaves up to \ by \ in., ovate-oblong, pubescent. Flowers axillary, solitary ; bracts \ in. long, obovate. Sepals \ in. long. Corolla \ in. long. Anther-cells obliquely opposite. Capsule rather more than \ in. long, 4-seeded, Jibsiicia.] xcviii. acanthace^ (clarke). 203 glabrous.— Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 373. Adhatoda microphylla, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. 217. Mozamb. Bist. Portuguese East Africa : Mozambique Isle, Peters ! The material for this species is in such a state that I can add little to Lindau's account. But there are ripe capsules and the species is certainly a Juslicia. 53. J. gesnerifolia, Rendle iii Joum. Bot. 1800, 308 (gesneriflora, Rendle, I.e. 414). A woody, small, much branched, pubescent slirub ; branches 0 in. long, angul^-r. Leaves 1 by J in., spathulale-obovoid, green, minutely pubescent on both faces, subsessile. Flowers axillary, solitary, | in. long, corolla-tube much inflated. Lower anther-cell tailed; pollen ellipsoid with 2 longitudinal bands. Capsule -i in. long, 4-seeded, glabrous. Nile liand. Somaliland : Shebele River, Donaldson Smith ! The name intended by Rendle was gesnerijiora. 54. J, diclipteroides, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 65. Herbaceous ; branches numerous, 8 in. long, pubescent upwards. Leaves up to 1 by 4 in., ovate or narrow elliptic, acuminate or obtuse, pubescent; petiole 0-i in. long. Flowers axillary, solitary or 2 together ; bracts vei y small. Sepals i in. long, subulate, hairy. Corolla less than J in, long, purple-red. Capsule \ in. long, stalked, 4-seeded, sparsely hairy. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349, and in Engl. Pti. Ost-Afr. C. 373. wile iLand. British East Africa : Ukamba, Hildehrandt, 2726 1 Duruma, Hildebrandt, 2331! Taita Mountains, Gregory I and Leikipia, Nyuri River, Gregory ! 55. J. urbaniana, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 04. Small, slender, very rigid shrub ; branches hispid or strigose. Leaves V-J in. long, elliptic or oblong, sparsely hairy; petiole O-^^j in. long. Flowers 1-2 in the leaf-axils ; bracts yV-J in. long, obovate or roundish. Sepals ^-\ in. long, linear, minutely hairy. Corolla \-\ in. long. One anther- cell below the other, tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, banded, with 2 stopples and rows of tubercles. Capsule J in. long, 4-seeded, pubescent. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349. inie Xiand. Somaliland : Ahl Mountains, Hildebrandf, 860b ! Maid. Hilde- hrandt^ 1402 ! Darror, James Sf Thrupp ! 50. J, Gendamssa, Linn.f. Suppl. 85. Shrubby, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves 4 by | in., glabrous ; petiole J in. long. Spikes terminal, 4 by I in., almost continuous, lax, often running into a panicle by the development of the cymes in the lower axils ; bracts linear, scarcely \ in. long. Sepals ^ in. long, nearly glabrous. Corolla \ in. long, or rather more, nearly glabrous, white or rose with purple spots; tube very little widened upwards. One anther-cell lower than the other, tailed ; pollen with 2 stopples, banded, without tubercles (or with '204: xcviii. ACANTHACE.E (clarke). [JusHcia. tubercles according to Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 64, t. 2, fig. 95). Capsule h in. long, clavate, glabrous ; seeds unknown. — Jacq. Eclog. PI. t. life. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 532; Lindau in Engl. ikPrantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 3-47, fig. 139, D, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 373. Gendarussa vulgaris, Nees in Wall. PI. As. Rar. iii. 104, and in DC. Prod. xi. 410 ; Wight, Ic. t. 468. Mozamb. Dlst. Zanzibar, Stuhlmann, 698! 1058! German East Africa: Usambara ; Tangn, Volkens, 146 ! Portuguese East Africa : Gorongoza, Carvalho ! The Zanzibar examples of this common South-Asian plant (now widely spread in warm- countries) were probably introduced into Afruja ; it may be otherwise with the Tanga example. 57. J. Rendlei, C. B. Clarke. Branch 3J ft. long, stout, nearly glabrous. Leaves 3 by IJ in., narrowed at both ends, nearly glabrous ; petiole f-1 J- in. long- Cymes axillary, short, 3-8- flowered, arranged in terminal panicles ; floral leaves J-1 in. long, resembling the lower leaves but smaller. Sepals 5, \ in. long, linear- lanceolate, pubescent. Corolla IJ in. long; tube ^ in. long, rather thick ; lips broad, curved. One anther-cell transverse, the other below it, with a fine longish tail, or several short fine tails or nearly tailless ; pollen globose with 3 stopples, longitudinal smooth depressions very narrow and not reaching the poles, without rows of tubercles. Pistil glabrous. — Duvernoia speciosa^ Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 129, 411. Xrile Ziand. Somaliland : Sheikh Husein, Donaldson Smith ! 58. J. Preussii, C. B. Clarke. Stem 6-9 ft. high, with deflexed hairs. Leaves 5 J by 2 in., elliptic, acute at either end, when young hairy, when mature hairy on the nerves of both surfaces; petiole J-J in. long. Inflorescence terminal, 6 by 1 in., a constricted linear panicle, grey- hairy ; branches very short 1-4-flowered cymes, with a floral leaf at the base of each branch, i to j in. long, elliptic, acute ; flower-bract scarcely i in. long, linear. Sepals i in. long, equal, linear-lanceolate, grey hairy. Corolla IJ in. long, clear blue, hairy without; tube J in. long ; anticous lip |-1 in. broad, with 3 short ovate lobes ; posticous lip ^ in. broad, oblong, nearly entire. Stamens 2 ; filaments glabrous; anther-cells 2, one completely below the other, elliptic ; upper oblique transverse, hairy, with a minute basal spur or muticous; lower distinctly spurred ; pollen ellipsoid, longitudinally banded, with one row of depressed tubercles on either side of each of the 3 stopples. Style- base hairy, tip very shortly and equally 2-fid. Capsule f by i in., thickly hairy, 4-seeded ; stalk | in. long ; seeds rugose. — J. spectabilisy T. Anders. MS. Salviaca7ithics Freiissii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 75, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 351, fig. 107, G, fig. 141, A. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Buea, 3000 ft., Freuss, 675! Cameroon Mouniaiu, 2000 ft., Mann, 1298 ! This is separated generically from Justicia by Lindau on the ground that the upper anther-cell is sometimes shortly tailed, as is the case in several other species of Justicia (as in J. ximplicispica). Jusiicia.] xcviii. acanthace.e (clarke). 205 59. J. salviiflora, C. B. Clarke. Young branches and inflores- cence densely covered with brown gland-tipped hairs. Leaves H by J in., ovate, narrowed at either end, hairy ; petiole \ in. long. Inflores- cence terminal, leafless, loosely and irregularly panicled ; bpacts hardly J in. long, linear. Calyx J- in. long, divided nearly to the base into 5 equal linear-lanceolate segments. Corolla-tube \ in. long; lips '^ in. long, gaping, upper strongly curved. Filaments glabrous ; one anther- cell entirely below the other, strongly tailed; pollen ellipsoid, with t3 stopples ; longitudinal bands without tubercles. Ovary densely glandular hairy; style hairy at the base only, branches 2, subequal, minute. — Duvernoia salviijiora, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 42, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 8 B. 339, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 372. XMCozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Massuini, Fischer, 506 1 Usagnra, Stuhlmann, 207. 60. J, grisea, C. B. Clarke. Shrub, densely minutely grey pubescent. Leaves f by J in., ovate, very pubescent, finally glabrate. Spikes terminal and axillar}^ short, few-flowered; bracts \ by ^^.^ in., glandular hairy. Sepals \ in. long, pubescent. Corolla l\ in. long; lips § in. long, broad, curved. One anther-cell lower than the other, long-spurred ; pollen ellipsoid, banded, without tubercles. Ovary hairy. — Duvernoia somalensis, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. [1896] 81. Wile Iband. Somalilaiul : Daua River, Jiiva, 427 ! 61. J, beloperonoides, Lindau in Enyl. Jahrh. xxii. 127. Branches 2 ft. long, woody. Leaves 1 by J in., ovate, hairy, soon glabrate; base obtuse, sometimes subcordate; petiole 0-j^^ in. long. Cymes 2-1-flow^ered, in the penultimate axils; bracts linear, small. Sepals J in. long, linear, hairy and with a few stalked glands. Corolla carmine-red ; tube |-| in. long, cylindric, much curved, narrowly funnel-shaped upwards; lips J-J in. long. One anther-cell below the other, distinctly tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, banded, with 2 longitudinal rows of tubercles on either side of each of the two pores. XVIozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Uluguru near Lukwangulu, 8000 ft., Stuhlmann, 9141 ! 62. J. laxa^ T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 43. Shrubby, 4-5 ft. high ; young parts densely minutely grey tomentose, becoming nearly glabrous. Leaves 9 by 4^ in., narrowed at either end ; petiole 1-2 in. long. Panicle terminal, 10 by 6 in., open ; branches dis- tant, rectangular, spreading, subdeflexed, often again divided, with an ovate floral leaf 1-1 J in. long at the base of most of the branches; pedicels ^\ in. long ; bracts J in. long, linear, often several indicating a condensed cyme with only one flower developed. Sepals 5, subequal,. \-\ in. long, narrow-oblong, acute, nearly glabrous. Corolla l-'^ in. long, greenish-white {G. Mann). One anther-cell below the other, distinctly tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, with 3 stopples ; beside each stopple 206 XCVIII. ACANTHACEiE (CLARKE). [JusHcia. a single longitudinal row of round spots, not tubercles. Capsule 1 in. long, 4-seeded, pubescent ; stalk J in. long, solid ; seeds tubercular- scabrous. — Adhatoda paniculata, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 482. Dicvernoia paniculata, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 43, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 339. Upper Guinea. Cameroons, Freuss, 1350! Fernando Po, Vogel, 144 ! Mann, 63 ! Var. contracta, C. B. Clarke. Panicle branches shortened, hardly exceeding 1 in, in length : floral leaves (all but the lowest) reduced, \ in. long, linear. Capsule 1 in. long, 4-seeded ; stalk exceeding \ in. in length, narrow, solid ; seeds tubercular. Upper Guinea. Cameroous: Efulen, ^a^f*, 367 ! Jensoki, 5«cMo?z .' Lolodorf, Staudt, 418 : Kower Guinea. Gaboon : Munda ; Sibange Farm, Soyaux, 399 ! (53. J. pyramidatay C. B. Clarke. Upper part of the stem viscous rusty with many-celled hairs. Leaves broadly ovate or obovate, rusty hairy on the'midrib beneath. Panicles 8 by | in.; floral leaves ^ in. long, linear. Corolla light-red (G. Mann) ; otherwise as J. laxa. — Duvernoia pi/ramidata, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 124. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Yaunde, Zenker Sf Staudt, 460 ! Bipinde, Zenker, 1047 ! Ibower Guinea. Gaboon : Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1671 ! These examples match one another closely, and appear distinct enough from typical J. laxa, but J. laxa, var. contracta, is about half way between. 64. J. extensa, T. Anders, in Joum. Linn. Soc. vii. 44. Panicle 6-10 in. long, oblong or ovate. Calyx hairy. Filaments minutely hairy; pollen ellipsoid, banded, with 2 stopples, and one row of depressed tubercles on each side of each stopple. Ovary shaggy. Capsule rather shorter than that of J. laxa, shortly hairy all over. — S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 341. Duvernoia extensa, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 372. D. Stuhhnanni, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. XX. 43, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 339. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : near Kambia, Scott-Elliot, 4210 ! Ashanti, Cummins, 6! Lagos: Eppah, Barter, 3301! Musin Road, Millen, 21 of 1892 collec- tion I near Lagos, Rotvland, 12 ! 34 ! Cross River, Johnston ' Kower Guinea. Angola, Welwitsch, 1248 ! Mozamb. Bist. Between Tanganyika and Victoria Nyanza, 3000 ft., Stuht- mann, 2953 ! The breadth and degree of compounding of the panicle varies considerably. The panicle is more hairy than that of J. laxa, but the mature leaves are often shining glabrous. 65. J. cordata, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 44. Shrub, nearly glabrous except the flowers ; branches woody. Leaves 1 by \ in., ovate, subsessile ; base truncate or cordate. Peduncles J-IJ in. long, rigid, angular, obliquely erect, from the lower and upper axils ; flowers 1-3, clustered in a congested cyme at the apex of a peduncle, bracts smaller than the sepals. Sepals 5, equal, ^ in. long, lanceolate; minutely and sparsely pubescent. Corolla-tube scarcely \ in. long; Justicia.] xcviii. acanthace^e (clarke). 207 lobes L in. long, anticous 8-Iobed, posticous erect, curved, subentire, hooded. Anther-cells separated by a broad connective, oblique, one slightly lower and with a short distinct tail ; pollen small, oblong- ellipsoid, banded longitudinally, with 2 large stopples, no tubercles. Ovary glabrous; style-base very sparsely hairy. Capsule J in. long, glabrous; stalk J in. long, very thick, solid. — Engl. Hochgebirgstl. Trop. Afr. '6\)3. J. cyruxnchifolia, K. Br. in Salt, Abyss. Append. G2. Leptostachya cordata, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 378. Rhaphidospora cordata, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 4D9 ; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. IGl; Soims-Laub. in Schweinf.' Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 113, 244; Lindau in Engl, ife Prant:, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 320, fig. 110, N a (not 6), and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370. Gendaricssa cordata, Hochst. ex Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 379, and 499. TTlle I.and. Eritrea: Bellaka, 5000-6000 ft., Hildebrandt, AQW Habab, Rildehrandt, 632 ! Harasio Valley, 5000 fc, Schweinfurth Sf Siva, 699 ! near Acrur, 6200 ft., Schweinfurth ^ Riva, 759 ! 1231 ! and Keren, Steudner, 1518 ! Abvsainia : mountain sides along the river Tacazze, Schimper, 1250! and without precise locality, Schimper, 24^21 1384! Salt! Mozamb. Bist. German East Africa ! Kilimanjaro, 3500 tt., Volkens, 1735 ! 66. J. piloso-cordata, C. B. Clarke. Branches 3 ft. long, softly hairy. Leaves 2 J by 1 in., subobtuse at either end, hairy, very hairy on the nerves ; petiole scarcely ^^ in. long. Peduncles 1 in. long, axillary, solitary^ hairy, 1 -flowered ; bract J in. long, linear-lanceolate. Sepals 0, ^— i in. long, linear-lanceolate, minutely hispid. Corolla | in. long ; stamens and ovary as of J. cordata. Idower Guinea. Angola : Malange, Mechoiv^ 453 ! This plant greatly resembles J. cordata, except in its hairiness. The l-flowered peduncles do not make much difference, for the arrangement of the bracts shows that the flower (in J. piloso-cordata) represents a reduced congested cyme. 67. J, masaiensiSy C. B. Clarke. Shrub; branchlets woody, quadrangular, hairy; internodes \-^ in. long. Leaves up to j oy J in., subsessile, round-elliptic, glabrate, reticulated beneath, tip obtuse, apiculate. Spikes 0-1 in. long, lateral 3-1-flowered; bracts smaller than the calyx; flowers solitary. Calyx J in. long; lobes 5, somewhat united at the base, Unear, triangular, sub-3-nerved, minutely scabrous. Corolla f in. long, very hairy without ; tube \ in. long, lips broad. One anther-cell below the other, rather strongly tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, stopples 2 ; a row of spots ou each side of each stopple. Nile Xiand. British East Africa : Scott-Elliot, 6634 I 68. J. intemipta, C. B. Clarke. Shrub. Leaves up to 7 by 3 in., ovate, acute at either end, glabrous; petiole up to 1 in. long. Panicle 8 in. in diam., open, nearly leafless; flowers in sessile distant clusteis on the branches; bracts I in. long, linear. Sepals J in. long, lanceolate, minutely hairy. Corolla § in. long ; tube } in. long. Lower anther- 208 XCVIII. ACANTHACE.E (cLARKE). [Justicia. cell with a distinct small spur, sometimes altogether muticous ; pollen eUipsoid, banded ; stopples 2, without rows of tubercles. — Duvernoia interrupta, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 123. Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Ukami ; Uluguru, Stuhlmann, 8967 ! GO. J. glabra, Roxh. Hort. Beng. 4. Pubescent or nearly- glabrous except the flowers, slender, erect or rambling. Leaves 2J by 1 in. (occasionally up to 5 by 3 in.), ovate, acuminate ; petiole 0-J in. long, or in the lower leaves 1-2 in. Peduncles slender; cymes loose ; upper peduncles running into large loose panicles ; bracts to the flowers minute, linear ; floral leaves at the base of peduncles often ^-l in. long, ovate. Sepals \-\ in. long, linear, pubescent or nearly glabrous. Corolla J-^ in. long. One anther-cell below the other, tailed. Pollen ellipsoid, with 3 stopples and longitudinal rows of spots. Capsule f in. long, shortly hairy all over, 4-seeded ; stalk ] in. long, slender ; placentae not rising elastically ; seeds covered with long scabrous tubercles. — Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. i. 132 ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 4-i (including var. pubescens). Ehajyhidospoi'a glabra, Nees in Wall. Plant. As. Rar. iii. 115, and in DC. Prod. xi. 499 ; Wight, Ic. t. 1554; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. F\. Aethiop. 244; Lindau in Engl, & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 329, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 370. R. abyssiyiica, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 500 ; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 161. Gendarussa dichotoina, Hochst. ex Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 508. Wile Iiand. Eritrea: Embat Kalla, 4500 ft., Schiveinfurth Sf Riva, 2002! Bogos, Hildehrandt, 697 ! and Keren, Steudner, 1519 ! Abyssinia : Valley of tbe Tacazze, Schimper, 903 ! and without precise locality, Schimper, 184 ! B^iti^h East Africa : Taita, Rildehrandt, 2533 ! Mozamb* Sist. ZaiiziVwr, Hildehrandt, 1135 ! German East Africa : Kili- manjaro, 2000-4000 ft., Volkens, 1797! 2187! Usambara ; Masheua, Hoist, 8797! Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi; below Shigogo, Kirk! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; between Kondowe and Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte ! between Mpata and the Tanganyika Plateau, Whyte ! Upper Shire Valley, Kirk ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 707 I 70. J, anselliana, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 44. Stems 12-20 in. long, weak, nearly glabrous. Leaves If by J-i in., linear to lanceolate (in Ansell's type example, on which are also ovate leaves § in. long), glabrous, or very nearly so ; petiole 0-^ in. long. Peduncles solitary, axillary, distant, slender, nearly glabrous, h-lh in. long, each terminating in a slender scorpioid 2-8-flowered cyme, J-H in. long; bracts or bracteoles shorter than the calyx. Sepals ^ in. long, linear, glabrous or very nearly so. Corolla \ in. long. One anther-cell below the other, definitely tailed ; pollen very small, ellipsoid, with 2 stopples and 2 rows of tubercles on each side of each stopple. Capsule J in. long, glabrous, very thin-walled ; seeds deeply wrinkled, with a scarious wing on the margin in the West African type plant, becoming gradually obsolete in the Eastern specimens. — Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 130 (including var. anyustifolia) ; S. Moore in Journ. Justicia.] xcviii. acantiiace.*: (clarke). 209 Bot. 1880, 841 ; and in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. 32 ; Lindau in Engl. ^ Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. P, B. 841), and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 878, partly. Justicia, sp. n. 8, T. Thorns, in Speke, Nile Append. 043. Adhatoda a7iselliana, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 408 ; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 484. Dianthera, sp., Benth. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1114. Upper Guinea. Liberia; Cape Pahuas, Aiisell ! Lower Niger, Ibu (Abo), T^ogel, 14! irile Xiand. British East Africa : Bongo ; Sabbi River, Schweinfurth, 2646 ! Madi, Speke Sf Grant, Kavirondo, Scott- JEllioty 7123 ! Kariandusi River, nei»r L;ike Elmeteita, 6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6633 ! Lake Nukura, 6000 ft, Scott-Elliot, 6810! Kamasia, west of Lake Baringo, Gregory ! Iiower Guinea. Angola : Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5098 ! 5172 ! 5173 I IMEozamb. X>lst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Tanganyika Plateau at Fort Hill, 3500 ft., Whyte ! Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 483 ! Mount Mlange, Whyte ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 876 ! 1385 ! 71. J. matammensiSy Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 180. More pubescent in all parts than J. anselliana, and leaves not linear. Leaves (in Schweinfurth's type plant) up to 2 J by 1 in., in many Zambesi examples 1 by J-| in. ; petioles of upper leaves with prominent long lax hair. Peduncles more or less pubescent. Capsule often hispid in the upper part; otherwise as J. anselliana. — Oliv. I.e. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 345 ; Lindau in Engl, & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349, and in Engl. Pfl. Oot-Afr. C. 373. J. anselliana, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 873 mainly, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3B. tig. 112, D, E. Justicia, spp. n. 2-4, T. Thoms. in Speke, Nile Append. 643. Adhatoda niatammensis, Schweinf. in Verb. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wein, xviii. (18G8) 674. utile £and. Upper Senaar: Fazokl, Figari I Gallabat : Matamma, Schwein- furth, 130c ! British East Africa : Niamniam, Schweinfurth, 3883 ! Upper Nile, Freeman Sf Lucas! Buddu ; Buganga, Scott-Elliot, 7454! Kikuyu, Scott-Elliot, 6543 ! Ukaniba, Scott-Elliot ! 6343 ! Taita, Hildehrandt, 2840 ! 2854 ! Gregory ! Duruma, Gregory ! Iiower Guinea. German South-west Africa: Ainboland, Schinz, 13 I 35 I South Central. Monbuttu : Munza, Schweinfurth, 3459 ! Lunda : Lulua River, Fogge, 305, 307, 308 ! and Lomani River, Fogge, 1013 ! Mozamb. I>lst. Zanzibar, Hildehrandt, 980 ! German East Africa : Kili- manjaro, Volkens, 512! 532! 916! Johnston! Karagwe ; Bukoba, Stuhbnunn, 3296! Usukuma : Seke country, Stuhlmann, 4195! Unyamwezi, Speke ^- Grant! Usanibara : Lutindi, Hoist, 3432 ! Amboni, Hoist, 2809 ! Nyika, Hohf, 57yA 1 Kisokwe, Hanyiington ! Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; Shupanga, Kirk ! Lower Shire Valley, Kirk, British Central Africa : Nyasaland, Zomba and vicinity, 2500-3500 ft., Whyte ! Matabeleland, Elliot ! Rhodesia ; Tamasanka, Holuh, 1208 ! 1209! 1210! Hoist, 3432, 8865, named by Lindau's hand J. anselliana, I tbink nearly typical J. matammensis. Though the two species are closely allied, I bave no difficulty in separating them ; but 1 doubt whether some of the small (and small-leaved) planta referred here should not rather be sorted with J. uncinulata. 210 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). [Justida. 72. J. uncinulata, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 130, t. 129, Jig. A . Kootstock woody ; branches 4-() in. long. Leaves J-| by J in., elliptic or ovate ; upper petioles thinly hispid. Capsule barely } in. long, hispid near the top, shorter and broader than that of ./. matammensis. — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 373. Justicia, sp. n. 5, T. Thorns, in Speke, Nile Append. 543. irile 3^and. Somaliland, Mrs. Lort-Phillips ! Uganda, Stuhlrnann, 1334 I Mozamba Sist. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, Smith ! Usambara, Hoist, 8950 ! Usagara ; on the Robeho Mountains, 4700 ft., Speke Sf Grant ! Var. teriuicapsa, C. B. Clarke. Capsule slender, glabrous. Xrile Xiand. British East Africa : Upper Nile, Freeman Sf Lucas, 79 ! Karian- dusi River, near the south end of Lake Elmeteita, 6000-7000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6628 ! Man, 7000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6852 ! and on dry plains near Lake Naivasha, Scott-Elliot, 6521 ! Mozamba Dist. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro ; Marangu, 5000 ft., Volkens, 916 ! Kara'gwe, 5200 ft., Stuhlrnann, 1864 ! Mwansa, on Lake Victoria, at Smith Sound, Stuhlrnann, 4520 ! and without precise locality, Fischer, 32 ! 305 ! These small plants, as to leaves, hairs and flowers, agree with J. uncinulata, but the capsules are tho.l!«t< German East Africa : between Lake Tanganyika and Lake Rukwa, 6000 ft., Nutt ! This is a distinct, strongly marked species. Var. /3. llantyrensis, C. B. Clarke. Stem and leaves very hispid. Leaves up to 2 by 1 in. Mozamb. Blst. British Central Africa : Nyasalund ; Blantyre, Buchanan, 20 ! 165 ! Justicia.] xcviii. acanthace^e (clarke). 21] Buchanan, 20, was an erect plant, 1| ft. hi^b, with penultimate peduncles- Buchanan, 165, appears prostrate or against a rock, with remote axillary divaricited peduncles. Imperfectly known species. 75. J, Hoepfheri, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 66. Under- shrub. Leaves h in. long, linear-lanceolate or linear, glabrous. Flowers solitary, axillary ; bracteoles \ in. long, lanceolate, finely hairy. Calyx \ in. long. Corolla nearly h in. long. Capsule \ in. long, sparsely hairy. Seeds 4, almost smooth. -^Lindau in Engl. British East Africa: Taita ; Maungu Mountain, Johnston! and Ndara Mountain, Hildebrandt, 2397. Ukamba, 5000-6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6749 ! Mozainb. Bist. German East Africa : Usambara, Kwa Mshuza, Moist, 8991 I All the specimens of this have dried a very dark green instead of the grey yelluw- green of typical M. bracteatum. Var. 7 angustifolia, C. B. Clarke. Leaves narrower, in an e.xtreme form 5 by •| in. — M. angustifolium, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 412. Justicia blepharostegia, Drege, Zwei Pfl. Docum. 160, 195 ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 43. Mozamb. Dlst. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi, near Sena, Kirk ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Shire River, Kirk ! Var. 5 non-strobilifera, C. B. Clarke. Flowers 3-1 clustered in distant leaf- axils ; upper clusters approximate. Nile Z.and. Eritrea : Habab, 6000 ft., Hildebrandt, 442 ! Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Kondowe U> Karonga, 2000-6000 tt., Whyte ! Var. e stricta, C. E. Clarke. Bracts elliptic-oblong ; spikes narrower. Wile Iiand. Eritrea : Keren, Steudner, 1499 ! Abyssinia, Schimper, 207 ! 511 ! 876 ! Steudner, 1521 ! Var. ^ eciliata, C. B. Clarke. Bracts without -cilia; otherwise as typical M. bracteatum, Hocbst. Nile Xiand. Eritrea : near Ginda, 3300 ft., Schweinfurth Sf Riva, 2195 ! XVKozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Nyasalaml ; Nyika Plateau, 6000- 7000 ft., Whyte ! 135 ! 118b ! Also in Arabia. 3. M. (?) scabrinerve, 6'. B. Clarke. Leaves 2 by j in., reticu- late beneath by prominent nerves (both primary and secondary), minutely scabrous. Biacts J by ^ in., elliptic, acute, scabrous-nerved and with a few long white simple hairs ; otherwise as typical M. bi-ac- teatum. 21 G xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). [Monechina. wile Xiand. British East Africa : near Lake Elmeteita, 6000 ft., Scolt-Elliot, 6676! Flowers not seen ; hence, if anthers prove without tails, this may be an EchoUum near E. anisacanthus. 4. M. "Welwitschii, C. B. Clarke. Bracts ovate, triangular acute at the tip, viscous-hairy ; sepals with some gland-tipped hairs ; other- wise as M. bracteatum. — Justicia monechmoicles, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 311. &ower Guinea. Angola : Loanda, Welwitsch, 5065 ! 5123, 5140 ! 5184 ! 5. Moore says that Mo7iechma is characterised by having the spikes in opposite axils, a character not often seen, in the present plant. In Monechma the spikes are not always in opposite axils, while in the present plant they are so sometimes, 5. M. tettense, C. B. Clarke. Leaves elongate. Bracts (especially the lower ones) ovate, acuminate ; otherwise as M. Wel- witschii. IVKozamb. Blst. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; Kaimba Island, opposite Tete, Kirk ! Shupanga, Kirk ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland, Buchanan, 438 ! Lake Nyasa, Simons ! One anther much below the other, with a long tail, obtuse eniarginate at the tip. G. M. subsessile, C. B. Clarke. Rootstock woody; branches 10 in. long, simple, hairy. Leaves l\ by j in., ovate, scabrid on the nerves beneath, base obtuse or subcordate ; petiole O-j?^ in. long. Spike terminal, 2 by f in., dense; bracts |-| by \ in., elliptic-lanceolate, subacute, minutely hairy, not marginate ; bracteoles 2, § in. long, broadly oblong. Sepals 5, J in. long, linear, posticous one a little (or considerably) shorter. Corolla f in. long, yellow with 2 pink streaks down the throat. Filaments glabrous ; one anther-cell below the other, with a long clavate tail, 2-3-toothed at the tip ; pollen ellipsoid, banded longitudinally, with 2 stopples, and no tubercles. Ovary shaggy. " Capsule containing only 2 flat seeds " {Oliver). — Justicia siibsessilis, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 129, t. 129, fig. B; Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 373. Justicia, sp. n. 3, T. Thoms. in Speke, Nile Append. G-43. Mozami)* Blst. German East Africa : Karagwe, Speke ^ Grant, 213 ! Prof. Oliver says this was his t. 129, fig. A, whereas it was t. 129, tig. B. Inside the two large "bracteoles" there is sometimes (as correctly drawn by Prof. Oliver) an extra small bracteole, indicative of an undeveloped cyme. 7. M. varians, C. B. Clarke. Rootstock woody; stems up to 18 in. long, with erect branches, more or less hairy. Leaves up to 2 by i in., acute at either end, subsessile. Spikes terminal, \\ by f in. dense ; bracts up to J by ^ in., oblong-elliptic, obtuse, hairy or nearly glabrous, not marginate; bracteoles up to J in. long, linear, somewhat obovate-oblong (or one of these bracteoles maybe the true flower bract). Sepals 5, whereof 4 are \ in. long, linear, minutely hairy (many hairs gland-tipped), the posticous sepal hardly ■j\^ in. long. Corolla scarcely Monechma.] xcviii. acanthace^ (clarke). 217 ^ in. long. Filaments glabrous; anther-cells round, one obliquely above the other, short-tailed, tail of the lower cell of medium length, terete, obtuse; pollen ellipsoid, without distinct tubercles. (Jvavy glabrous when young ; style very thinly hairy. Mozamb. 3>iBt. British Central Africa : Nyasalnnd, 2000-7000 ft, W//i/te ! Twice collected ; examples at 6000-7000 ft,, hairy all over ; those at 2000-6(X)0 ft. nearly glabrate. 8. M. depauperatum, C. B. Clarke. Stem 3-5 ft. high ; branches more or less angular and hairy. Leaves up to 3 by 1 in., elliptic- lanceolate, subacute at either end, sparsely hairy or glabrate above, hairy on the nerves beneath; petioles 0-J in. long. Spikes H-4 in. long, elongated in fruit, terminal ; bracts | by \-\ in., elliptic or oblong, obtuse or subacute, minutely pubescent, not margined ; bracteoles 0. Sepals 5, subequal, \-\ in. long, linear-lanceolate, minutely pubescent. Corolla I in. long, pale yellow (Barter). Filaments glabrous; anther- cells ellipsoid, one much below the other, long-tailed, tail clavate sub- bifid at the tip ; pollen ellipsoid, banded, with 2 stopples, one row of depressed tubercles (scarcely more than patches) on each side of earh stopple. Capsule nearly J in. long, 2-seeded, minutely pubescent to the base; placentae not rising elastically ; seeds smooth, shining, with scattered small simple white hairs. — Jicsticia depauperaia, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 40. ./. Barteri, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 39. J. sexsulcata, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 67, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349. upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : Lomabnrn, Scott-Elliot, 5035 1 interior of West Lugos, Rotoland ! Togoland, Biittner, 202! Lower Niger: Onitsa, Barter, .592! 1380! 9. M. scabridum, C. B. Clarice. Leaves often obtuse at the base, minutely hairy on the lower face. Bracts margined, sometimes green on the back, with scarious green-yellow prominent margins. Seeds with more numerous hairs, sometimes densely hairy near the margins : other- wise as J/, depaujyeratum. — Justicia scahrida, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 310. J. marginata, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 73, and in Engl, it Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349. ZiO\irer Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo, TTeZjt'iYscA, 5085 ! 5092! Malange, Buttner, 33 ! Experienced botanists have united this in the herbarium with M. depauperatum. I doubt much if it should be specifically separated. 10. M. marginatum, C. B. Clarke. Leaves up to .") by U in., narrowed at both ends ; petioles up to J-J in. long. Bracts ^ in. long, or rather more, very acute, with broad scarious-yellow margins ; other- wise as J/, depauperatum. — Nicoteha marginata, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 119. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Yaunde, Zenker Sf Standi, 556 ! This is put in a different genus from the 3 preceding species by Lindnu on the ground that there are no tubercles on the pollen. I think it is hardly specifically 218 xcviii. ACANTHACE.E (clarke). \^Monechma. separable ; but tliis is no argument againt the value of pollen as a generic cliaracter, for the pollen in the 4 species is the same. 11. M. lolioides, C. B. Clarke. Nearly glabrous, except the corolla; branches 12-20 in. long. Leaves from oblong (If by \ in.) to linear (2.\ by J in.), subobtuse, sessile. Spikes terminal, up to 5 by ^- in., loose, especially at the base, main rhachis glabrous; bracts J by -^V "!•> green with white margins, glabrous. Sepals 5, similar to the bracts but rather shorter. Coiolla A in. long. Lower anther-cell long-tailed, tail clavate 2-lobed at tip ; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 stopples. Style-base hairy; ovary glabrous. Capsule \ in. long, 2-seeded, glabrous; the solid thick stalk scarcely ^V i'^- ^^"g 5 seeds yellow-brown, smooth, as of the genus, but with minute white hairs round the margins. — Justicia lolioides, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 310, t. 214, fig. 1. Xiower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo and Huilla, Welivitsch, 5090! 5178 : 50991 12. M. genistifolium, C. B. Clarke. Branches round, densely and minutely tomentose. Leaves up to 2 by J in., lanceolate, acute, mucronate, sessile, glabrous, yellow-green. Spikes up to 1| by J in., approximate towards the end of the branches ; bracts \^y \ in., broad- lanceolate, acute, mucronate, glabrous. Sepals 5, J in. long, linear, puberulous. Corolla | in. long, blue and white {Lindner). One anther- cell much below the other, with a long clavate tail sub-2-lobed at the tip ; pollen ellipsoid, banded, with 2 stopples. Ovary minutely pubescent in the upper half. Capsule nearly \ in. long, pubescent, 2-seeded ; the solid broad stalk ^ in. long; seeds smooth, with acute margin. — Justicia geaistifolia, Engl, in Engl. Jahrb. x. 264; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 8 B. 849. Ziower Guinea. German South-west Africa : Hereroland, Luderitz, 96 ! Otyitambi, BelcJc, 9 ! Damaraland ; Karibib, 3000 ft., Marloth, 1424! Lindner \ The bracts are simply shortened leaves, and should perhaps be described as floral leaves. 13. M. arenicola, C. B. Clarke. Small shrub; viscous glandular- hairy; branches very thick, much ramified. Leaves 1 by \-\ in., broad-lanceolate, acute, mucronate, subsessile, yellow-green, long-white- hairy, approximate. Flowers axillary, sessile. Sepals \ in. long, linear, green. Corolla exceeding h in. in length. Style hairy at the base ; ovary minutely hairy in upper half. Capsule ^ in. long, 2-seeded, minutely hairy; the solid thick stalk J in. long. — Justicia arenicola, Engl, in Engl. Jahrb. x. 264; Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 151, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349. /. Steingroverii, Schinz ex Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349. Ziower Guinea. German South-west Africa : Hereroland ; Usakos and Ubib, Marloih, 1247, 1445 1 Port Mine at Swakop River, Guerich, 105, and without pre- cise locality, Luderitz, 97 I 14. M. Desertorum, C. B. Clarke. Annual, 5 in. high, white- hairy. Leaves h by \ in., lanceolate, acute, mucronate, sessile, long- Monechnia.'] xcviii. acanthacetE (clarke). 219 white-hairy on the margins, yellow-green. Spikes J-| in. long, dense, forming a close panicle; bracts J by | in., lanceolate, acute, mucronate, long-white-hairy on the margins. Sepals 5, ^ in. long, linear, puberu- lous. Corolla \-^ in. long. Lower anther-cell with a long acute tail; pollen ellipsoid, banded, with 2 stopples and single rows of tubercles. Ovary minutely pubescent in the upper half. Capsule scarcely f, in. long, 2-seeded, sparsely hairy in the upper part ; the solid thick stalk scarcely ^V in. long ; seeds smooth with acute margins. — Justicia Deserto')'um, Engl, in Engl. Jahrb. x. 2G3 ; Lindau in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349. Iiower Guinea. Hereroland : Husab, 1000 ft., Marloth, 1462 ! 15. M. Nepeta, C. B. Clarke. Stem G-24 in. long, much branched, with many long soft white spreading hairs; internodes up to 1-2 in. long. Leaves up to 2 by \-\ in., with long hairs, some gland-tipped ; petiole 0-J in. long. Flowers solitary, axillary, remote. Sepals 5, \ in. long, linear-oblong, green, glandular-hairy. Corolla J- J in. long, violet-purple. Lower anther-cell with a long oblique simple tail ; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 stopples and one row of tubercles on each side of each stopple. Ovary thinly hairy in the upper part. Capsule 4 in. long, 2-seeded, thinly hairy in the upper part ; the solid stalk less than -^^^ in. long; seeds smooth. — Justicia Nepeta, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 312. J. mossamedea, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 312. lower Guinea. Angola: Welwitsch, 5003! 5004! 5136! 5137! 5185! Lorenzo Marques, Qtiintas, 123! XMEozamb' Sist. British Central Africa : Ngamiland ; Kwebe, Lugard, 172 ! 1(5. M. floridum, C. B. Clarke. Branches 12-15 in. long, with spreading long soft white hairs and some viscid glandular hairs ; inter- nodes up to 1-lJ in. long, those of branchlets scarcely \ in. in length. Leaves J by^ in., with long white hair and gland-tipped hairs. Flowers solitary, in nearly all the axils. Capsule \ in. long, 2-seeded, somewhat hairy in the upper part ; the solid thick stalk -^^ in. long ; seeds smooth. — Justicia^ sp. nova atfinis J. Nepetce, S. Moore in Journ, Bot. 1880, 342. Iioxirer Guinea. Angola : WehvitscJi, 5120 ! Benguela ; Humbo, Welwitsch, 5032 ! This is very near M. Nepeta, diftering mainly in the ucU-niaiked stalk to the somewhat larger capsule. Tlie small le;ives and very nuuieruus Howers might be accidental. 17. M. spissuxn, C.B. Clarke. Branches viscous hairy ; internodes t}jj-^ in. long. Leaves J by |^ in., oblong-elliptic, subacute, nearly sessile, viscous hairy. Flower in the axils of nearly all the leaves. Sepals 0, \ in. long, subulate, scarious, viscous hairy. Capsule l^ in. long, 2-seeded, hairy; placentae not rising elastically ; stalk solid, very short ; seeds discoid, shining, smooth, brown with black blotches. Iiower Guinea. Angola : Loanda, Welwitsch, 5066 I No specimen in the Kew Herbarium. 220 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). [Moneckinu. 18. M. Salsola, C. B. Clarke. A viscid-hairy rugged shrub, divaricately much-branched, 1-2 ft. in diam. ; branches angular, ultimately glabrate. Leaves J by J in., linear-lanceolate, acute, hairy, subsessile. Flowers axillary, subsessile. Sepals V in. long, linear, gi^een, hairy and glandular. Corolla \ in. long. Lower anther-cell with a long simple acute tail ; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 stopples, and 2 rows of spots (hardly elevated) on each side of each stopple. Capsule \ in. long, 2-seeded. — Jusiicia Salsola, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 840. Ziower Guinea. Angola : Praia da Amelia, Welwitsch, 5023 ! Allied perhaps to M. arenicola, but has much more scattered flowers. 11). M. hereroense, C. B. Clarke. Undershrub; branches round, densely grey woolly-tomentose ; internodes J in. long. Leaves f by y^T in., lanceolate, mucronate, thinly hairy. Flowers axillary ; bracts nearly J in. long, lanceolate. Sepals J in. long, lanceolate-subulate. Corolla nearly J in. long, blue. Lower anther-cell long-tailed. Capsule i-J in. long, ellipsoid, subacute, sessile, 2-seeded, hairy ; seeds discoid, not tubercled. — Justicia hereroensis, Engl, in Engl. Jahrb. x. 264 ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349. Iiower Guinea. Hereroland : Usakos, 2700 ft., Marloth, 1246! Great Namaqualand ; Relioboth, Pfeil, 130, 173 ! No specimen at Kew. 20. M. cleomoides, C. B. Clarke. Woody, viscous glandular hairy. Leaves f by J in., spathulate-elliptic, obtuse; petiole O-5 in. long. Flowers solitary; pedicels axillary, ^'iT'i ^^- ^^"S- Sepals 5, \ in. long, and upwards, linear. Corolla exceeding | in. long. Lower anther-cell (rather strongly) tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 stopples, and one row of small tubercles on either vside of each stopple. Ovary pubescent at the top ; style-base hairy. Capsule J in. long, 2-seeded, hairy, stalked. — Justicia deomoides, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 313, t. 214, fig. 2. &ower Guinea. Angola : Mossamedes, Boepfner ! Wehvifsch, 5006 ! Imperfecthj knoion species. 21. M, (?) nkambense, C. B. Clarke. Branches stout, hairy. Leaves 2 by | in., ovate, pubescent ; petiole \-\ in, long. Flowers in the axils, and running into a terminal spike (1 in. long) ; bracts (floral leaves) with petioles J in. long (or rather more), erect, obovate ; bracts of terminal spike imbricate, f in. long, elliptic ; bracteoles very small. Calyx J in. long. Corolla | in. long. One anther-cell tailed. — Justicia ukambensis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 09, and in Engl. &: Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 373. irile Xiand. British East Africa : Ukamba, Hildehrandt, 2725 ! The example is young. I suspect a plant collected by Wakefield in a journey from Ribe to the Galla country to be this species ; but in the absence of fruit it is doubtful. Adhaioda.] xcviii. acanthace^ (clarke). 221 45. ADHATODA, Nees; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. 1112. Calyx subequally 5-tid to the base ; lobes clearly imbricate. Corolla large, 2-lipped ; tube nearly as long as the lips, inflated in the upper half ; anticous lip ovate, 3-lobed ; posticous nearly entire. Stamens 2 glabrous ; anther-cells oblong, parallel, at nearly equal height, rounded' acute or shortly tailed at the base ; pollen ellipsoid, the longitudinal smooth depressions with rows of patches, hardly of tubercles. Ovary shaggy; ovules 2 in each cell; style very shortly and equally bilobed. Capsule oblong-clavate, on a short solid stalk, 4-2-seeded ; seeds rugose, sometimes obscurely so, not shining ; placentae not rising elasticnlly. Shrubs. Leaves large, elliptic, entire, much attenuate at either end. Spikes terminal, peduncled, forming a thyrsus or solitary ; bracts ovate or linear-oblong ; bracteoles 2, about as long as the calyx. Species 8, in the tropical parts of Asia, Africa and America. Adhatoda was described as a genus by Nees in Wall, PI. As. Kar. iii. (1832) 102 • and the name thus has priority over Duvernoia, Dr^ge, first described by Nees in DC. Prod. xi. (1847) 322. But, if the bare printing of the n?me Duvernoia by Drege in 1837 be maintained to constitute priority of publication, it is not advisable to adopt the generic name Duvernoia for the subjoined species of Adhatoda, because Duvernoia, by reason of its campanulate calyx with subvalvate triangular lobes, would be by some (who sink Adhatoda in Justicia) kept up as a raonotypic genus. Adhatoda, though not well separable from Justicia by any one character, is here understood (as by Bentham) to comprise certain shrubs 4-12 ft. high, with large leaves and shaggy ovaries, in which the lower of the 2 anther-cells is not remote nor very long-tailed (as it is in Justicia). Bracts ovate or orbicular, ^-f in. broad ; spikes dense, strobilate. Bracts with sc&rious edges 1. A. schimperiana. Bracts acute, with green edges . . . . 2. A. engleriana. Bracts round, with green edges . . . . 3. ^. orbicularia. Bracts oblong-linear ; spikes interrupted, not strobilate. One anther-cell lower than the other, base shortly tailed . . . . . . . . 4. .4. tristis. Anther-cells at nearly equal height, base rounded. Mature leaves pubescent on the nerves beneath . 5. A. robu>.ta. Mature leaves nearly glabrous . . . . Q. A. macula t a. 1. A. schimperiana, Hockat. ex Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 388. Shrub. Leaves G by 2J in., narrowed at eitlier end, obtuse, glabrous; petiole ^-J in. long. Spikes 3-7 by 1 in., several peduncled, often forming a terminal thyrsus, strobilate ; bract § by \ in., minutely pubescent, with a prominent scarious margin ; bracteoles J-^ in. long, ovate. Sepals 5, nearly separate, subsimilar, ^ in. long, oblong-lanceolate, pubescent. Corolla 1 in. in total length, yellowish, purple-spotted, lips I in. long. One anther -cell slightly below the other, nuicronate at the base ; pollen ellipsoid, with two stopples, and rows of spots on the longitudinal smooth bands. Ovary and style-base shaggy. Capsule j-1 in. long, pubescent, usually 4-seeded, lower J part a cylindric stalk ; placentae not rising elastically: seeds glabrous, rugose. — A. Rich. Tent. 222 xcviii. ACANTHACE,« (clarke). [Ad/uitoda. Fl. Abyss, ii. 155; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 242. ,/usticia schimperiana, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 38 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsti. Trop. Afr. 392 ; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 345; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 348, fig. 131), E-J, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C 373. Gendmiissa schimpeonana, Hochst. in Flora, 1841, i. Intell. 24, name only. Wile I.and. Eritrea : near Acrur, 6000 ft. Schweinfurth Sf Eiva 741 ! 1067 ! Habab, 6000 ft., Rildebrandt, 457! Abyssinia: Tigre, 5000 ft., Schimper, 702! mountains near Axum, Schimper, 1549! near Adowa, Schimper, 27! Dembea ; Gondar, Steudner, 1502 ! and without precise locality, Salt ! Schimper, 888 ! 930 ! Qvariin Dillon <^ Petit, 292! British East Africa: Duruma, Hildebrandt, 2341 \ 'J'aita; Maungu Mountain, 2000 ft., Johnston! Mozamb. X>lst. German East Africa : Fischer^ 164 ! From Lindau's figure it might be supposed that the ovary is glabrous ; it is very hairy. 2. A, engleriana, C. B. Clarke. Shrub. Leaves up to 14 by 5 J in., tapering at both ends, with 12-10 pair of nerves, glabrate or pubescent on the midrib beneath ; petiole up to J in. long, or (even in the middle stem leaves) petiole winged to the base, auriculate. Spikes up to 7 by 2 in., dense, strobilate ; bracts somewhat 4-ranked, up to 1 by § in., ovate, triangular-tipped, thinly hairy, green, with 5-1) dark veins. Sepals 5, :| in. long, or rather more, oblong, acute, pubescent. Corolla |-1 in. long; lips f in. long. Filaments glabrous; anther-cells 2 at nearly equal height, the lower very shortly tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, banded with 2 stopples, a row of spots (or almost depressed tubercles) on each side of each stopple. Ovary shaggy, hairs many, gland-tipped ; style sparsely hairy at the base. Capsule 1 in. long, hairy, 4-seeded ; base for J in. solid, hardly narrowed ; seeds i in. in diam., circular, thin, brown, shallowly rugose-foveolate, opaque. — Juusiicia eiigleriana, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 62, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 349, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 374. Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Usambara ; Masheua, Hoist, 3491 ! Magila, KirJc ! KiHmanjaro, Volkens, 506 ! 3. A. orbicularis, C. B. Clarke. Shrub, 12ft. high; innovations, densely tawny-hairy. Leaves up to 11 by 4 J in., elliptic, acute, when mature pubescent on the nerves, base triangular; petiole J-lf in. long. Spikes up to 10 by | in., strobilate; bracts h in. broad, ^-J in. long, round, green, plicate, pubescent ; bracteoles J in. long, oblong-linear. Sepals 5, subequal, J in. long, oblong-linear. Corolla ^ in. long. Filaments hairy ; one anther-cell slightly below the other, mucronate, hardly tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, longitudinally banded, with single rows of spots on each side of each stopple. Ovary very hairy ; style-base hairy ; branches 2, equal, narrow-oblong. — Duvernoia orbicularis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 123, and in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 339. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Yaunde, Zenker Sf Staudt, 41 ! Fernando Po, 3fa«n,1435 ! Adhatoda.] xcviii. acanthace.*: (clauke). 228 4. A. tristis, Xees in DC. Prod. xi. 404. Herbaceous up to A ft. high ; innovations densely fulvous-hairy. Leaves i) by 4^ in., shortly acuminate, when mature pubescent on the nerves beneath, base tri- angular; petiole 1-2J in. long. Spikes in the upper axils (I by h in., interrupted at the base, not strobilate ; bracts scarcely ^ in. lonfj, lanceolate ; bracteoles similar, smaller. Sepals 5, J in. long or more, linear. Corolla | in. long, purple. Filaments very hairy ; one antlier- cell much lower than the other ; base acute, hardly mucronate ; pollen ellipsoid, longitudinally banded, with single rows of spots on each side of each stopple. Ovary shaggy ; style hairy. Capsule more than 1 in. long, stalk J in. long; seeds 4. — Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 4^i4. Justicia tristisj T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 38. Upper Guinea. Caraeroons : Bipinde, Zenker, 1043 ! Fernando Pn, Vorjel, 101 I Mann, 165 ! 5. A. robusta, C. B. Clarke. Shrub 10-15 ft. high, young parts densely rusty-tomentose. Leaves 10by4j in.; nerves 17 pairs; petiole Ij in. long. Thyrsus 9 by 4 in., nearly without floral leaves; flower- spikes 3 by J in. ; bracts in the lower part of a spike distant, \-}i in. long, obovate, shortly acuminate ; bracteoles nearly as the sepals. Sepals \-\ by yV in., oblong, acute, pubescent. Corolla |--J in. long, white. Filaments glabrous ; anther-cells at nearly equal height rounded at the base ; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 longitudinal smooth bands with- out tubercles. Ovary very hairy. Capsule not seen. — Justicia rohusta, T. Anders. MS. Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, 3000 ft., Mann, 634 ! This fine plant is closely allied in habit and characters to A. Vaslca, Nees, but differs in the loose, not strobilate, spikes and the smaller bracts and fiowers. 6. A. maculata, C. B. Clarke. Climber, 10-15 ft. high, innova- tions densely and minutely fulvous-hairy. Leaves up to 7 by ;!} in., acute, when mature glabrate, base rounded or triangular ; petiole 1-2 in. long. Spikes terminal, 3-4 by f in., interrupted, not strobilate ; bracts J in. long, lanceolate, puberulous. Sepals 5, subequal, ] in. long, and upwards, linear-lanceolate. Corolla 1 in. long, white, purple- spotted. Filaments glabrous ; 2 anther-cells at nearly equal height, rounded at the base; pollen elHpsoid, with 2 stopples, the longitudinal smooth bands having a granular (scarcely i^potted) band on eacli side the stopple. Ovary shaggy. — Justicia maculata, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 38. Duvernoia Bihchholzii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 43, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 339. Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Mann, 202! Cameroons : Quaqua Kiver, Buchholz ! Imperfectly known species. 7. Duvernoia haplostachya, lAndau in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 321. Branches hairy. Leaves 4 by 2 in., ovate, narrowed at either end. hairy on the nerves beneath ; petiole J in. long. Spike terminal, simple, shorter than the leaves ; rhachis pubescent ; flowers opposit.> ; 224 XCVIII. ACANTHACE^ (CLARKE). [Adhatodci. bracts and bracteoles small. Calyx -j^ in. long. Corolla-tube y^ ^^' long ; lobes J in. long. Anther-cells at unequal height ; lower long- spurred. Ovary and style hairy. Capsule unknown. South Central. Congo Free State ; Towa Mountains, Descamps. This description reads like that of a Monechma; but without any knowledge of the pistil it is vain to guess. 46. RHINACANTHUS, Nees ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1112. Sepals 5, nearly distinct, subequal, small, linear, hairy. Corolla 2- lipped ; tube linear, longer than the lips ; anticous lip of 3 elliptic lobes ; posticous linear-oblong or ovate-oblong, subentire. Stamens 2, shortly exserted j anthers 2, one somewhat below the other, at the base acute, not tailed, or in R. subcaudatus shortly tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, stopples 3 on the three smooth bands which do not quite reach the poles. Ovary hairy ; ovules 2 in each cell ; stigma of 2 small lanceolate sub- equal lobes. Capsule stalked, oblong, 4-seeded; placentae not rising elastically from the base of the valves ; seeds covered with tubercles. — Rambling. Leaves entire, margins often obscurely undulate-crenate. Flowers in sessile distant clusters on the branches of the panicle ; bracts and bracteoles very small, linear. Species 3 or 4, in Africa and India. Leaves in the opposite pairs equal in length. Lower leaves narrowed at the base, ovate-lanceolate. 1. B. communis. Lower leaves rounded or subcordate at the base . 2. R. rotundifolius. Leaves in the opposite pairs unequal in length . . 3. J2. subcaudatus. 1. R. communiSy Nees in Wall. PL As. Ear. iii. 109. Sparingly pubescent. Leaves 2-5 in. long, ovate to lanceolate, scarcely acute, nearly glabrous, base narrowed except in the upper floral leaves (which are sometimes sessile and sub-cordate) ; petiole 0-\ in. long. Panicle (in most of the East African examples as in India) 6-12 in. long, with few floral leaves, much-branched and with very many clusters of flowers ; in most West African examples the panicle has many floral leaves, 1-3 in. long, and the flower-clusters are few. Bracts ^-\ in. long, linear. Calyx \-\ in. long. Corolla-tube J in. long, linear to the top ; lips J in. long, posticous linear-oblong. Capsule | in. long, thinly hairy ; seeds finally black.— Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 442 ; Wight, Ic. t. 464 ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 51 ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 541 ; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 342 ; Oliv. in Trans, Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 346 ; Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 63, t. 2 fig. 68. li. gracilis, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 218 ; Lindau in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzeufam. iv. 3 B. 339, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 371. R. nasutus, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 339, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr C. 371. Justicia nasuta, Linn. Sp. Plant. 16 ; Bot. Mag. t. 325. J. scandens, Vahl, Symb. ii. 7. Leptostachya virens, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 378 ; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 482. P sender anthemum dichotomum, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 40, and in Rhinacanthus.'] xcviii. acanthace.e (clarke). l>25 Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 330, and in En^l. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 371. ^ Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : Scarcies River, Scott-Elliot, 4428 ! and wiih- ont precise locality, Afzelius ! Cameroons : Batanga, Bates, 189! Bipinde, ICOO ft., Zenkei', 1260 ! Victoria, Pretiss, 1219 ! 1384 ! M"ile Iiand. British East Africa: 40-60 miles from the Mombasa coast, Johnston! Nyika country near Mombasa, Wakefield! Wanga, Smith! Ukamba, Hildebrandt, 2628! Duruma, Hildebrandt, 2346! Ziower Guinea. Gaboon': on the coast, Middleton ,' Gaboon River, Mann, 1015 ! Como River, Bates, 458 ! Munda ; Sibange Farm, Biittner, 358 ! Soi/aux, 198b ! Angola, Welwitsch, 5010 ! 5191 ! 5204 ! IKozamb. I>l8t. German East Africa: Usagara; Mpwapwa, Siuhlmann, 219 ! Usambara ; Duga, Hoist, 3289 ! Masheua, Hoist, 8782 ! and Xyika Steppe, Hoist, 3902a ! Portuguese East Africa : base of Morambala Mountain, Kirk ! Sena, Carvalho ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland, Buchanan, 863 ! Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 72 I by the River Ruo, south of Blantyre, Scott-Mliot, 8598! Mount Mlanje, Scott-Elliot, 8655! near Blantyre, Last! Zomba, 3000 ft., Whyte ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 863 ! Matabeleland ; banks of the River Matengwe, Holuh, 1285 ! 1286 ! I am unable to divide this widespread species into two. The leafy-panicled form has rather smaller flowers, and T. Anderson at first tried to make it a separate species. The form with a large panicle destitute of floral leaves {Pseuderanthemum dichotomum, hindavi = JRhinacanthns gracilis, Klotzsch) is the common form in India, the original Justicia Nasuta of Linnaeus. 2. R. subcaudatuSy C. B. Clarke. Leaves of each pair unequal ; one often only |-J the length of the other, round-ovate. Corolla-tube about J in. long, slender ; posticous lip ovate-oblong. Lower anther- cell with a short white tail. Capsule J in. long, and seeds as of R. com- munis but smaller. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : near the Scarcies River, at Wallia, Scott- Elliot, 4276 ! and near Sasseni, Scott-Elliot, 4428 ! and without precise locality, Afzelius ! " Kondoi (native name), a medicine for indigestion " {Scott-Elliot). 3. R. rotundifoliuSy C. B. Clarke. Branches 6-angular, pubescent. Lower leaves 2 by Ij in., glabrate, base rounded or subcordate, nerves prominent, finely reticulated on the under surface ; cystoliths many on both surfaces ; petiole ^ in. long. Panicle compound, with many floral leaves {i.e., cymes mainly axillary); flower clusters loose, or cymes J- J in. long, dense. Corolla yellowish-white {Thomas) \ tube \\ in. long. Capsule |-J in. long, pubescent, 4-seeded ; seeds tuberculate, black. wile Iiand. British East Africa : Tana River, Thomas, 7 ! 89 ! Closely allied to R. communis, Nees, but diflfers from all forms of that species by the very broad rounded base to the leaves. Imperfectly known species. 4. R. ndorensis, Sckweinf. in Hdhnel, Zum Rudolph-See u. Stephanie-See, Sonderahdr. 7. Small shrub, with the general aspect of 220 xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). [Bkinacaiithus. Justicia uncinulata, Oliv. Leaves obovate. Corolla tube twice as long as the calyx, pubescent ; lobes ciliate. Style with scattered hairs. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. ^^>1)4 ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflan- zenfam. iv. 3 B. 330, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 371. wile Ziand. British East Africa : Ndoro, at the foot of Mount Kenia, 6500 ft., Hahnel. The above diagnosis is the whole given by Schweinfurth, noi* does Engler or Lindau add aught. 47. ANISOTES, Nees; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1111. Sepals 5, nearly free, subequal, linear-triangular, 3-nerved. Corolla 2-lipped, red ; tube short ; lips very long, entire or minutely lobed, narrow-oblong. Stamens 2 ; filaments long, glabrous ; anther-cells 2, linear-oblong, minutely white-tipped (not tailed) at the base, one a little below the other ; pollen ellipsoid, 2-banded, with one or two rows of marks or tubercles on each side of the stopples. Pistil glabrous ; ovules 2 in each cell; stigma subentire. Capsule (only known in .4. diversifolius) oblong, 4-seeded, stalk cylindric, placentse not rising elastically from the base of valves ; seeds scabrous, almost tubercular on the margins. — Shrubs. Leaves entire. Flowers sessile, axillary clustered, or in dense spikes ; bracts very small, shorter than the calyx. Species 5, in Africa and Arabia. The corolla is exceedingly like that of Macrornnr/ia, as are the stamens, pollen and pistil. Further, the capsule being unknown in 4 out of 5 species, the placing these species in Anisotes would appear provisional merely. But the peculiar, 3-nerved, elongate-triangular sepals, much longer than the bracts, leave little doubt that the 5 species are congeneric. Flowers 1-3 together in axillary clusters. Leaves up to 7 in. long . . . . . . 1. A. sessiliflorus. Leaves |^-1 in. long . . . . . . 2. A. jyufvifolhis. Flowers in short shortly-peduncled axillary spikes. Flowers very many. Leaves large, up to 14 in. long 3. A. ZenTceri. Flowers few. Leaves |- in. long . . . . 4:. A. velutinus. 1. A. sessiliflorus, C. B. Clarke. Glabrate; innovations densely grey-tomentose with minute simple hairs. Leaves up to 7 by 2\ in., closely and minutely dotted on both surfaces, minutely scabrous-hispid on the nerves, finally glabrous, sessile. Flowers solitary or 2-3 together, axillary, sessile. Calyx \-\ in. long, minutely and densely grey-tomen- tose. Corolla- tube \ in. long ; anticous lip l-}-lf in. long. — flimantochilus sessiliflorus^ Benth. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1117; Lindau in Engl, ii Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 346, fig. 110, P, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. (1896) 82. //. sessilifolius, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 372. Nile Z.ancl. Sonialiland, RoheccJd, 546, 652, 653 ! British East Africa : Ribe to Galla country, Wakefield ! Taita, Hildehrandf, 2375! Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Shibisa (Chikwawa), on the River Shire, Meller ! Anieotes.] xcviii. acanthace^e (clarke). 227 2. A. parvifolius, Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PL t. 1527. Leaves f-I by J-J in., obovate ; otherwise as A. sessilijiorus. — Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 346; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 351, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 374. Zrile Iiand. British East Africa : Kilimanjaro expedition, 40-60 miles from the Mombasa coast, Johnston ! In A. sessilijiorus there occur small leaves 1-1| in. long on some shoots and in some axils. The material for A. parvifolius is scanty, and I suspect that with more it and A. sessilijiorus may hereafter be judged to be one. A. trisulcus, Nees, the type of the genus, differs little but by the persistent grey pubescence. 3. A, Zenker!, C. B. Clarke. Glabrate; innovations minutely hairy. Leaves up to 14 by 5 J in., narrowed at both ends; petiole 1^ in. long. Spikes axillary, 2 in. long, dense with very numerous flowers ; bracts small. Calyx J-i in. long, glabrous or sparsely bristly. Corolla IJ in. long. Stamens, pollen and pistil of the genus. — Himantochilus Zenkeriy Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 60, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflan- zenfam. iv. 3 B. 346, fig. 141, B. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Yaunde, Zenker, 119 ! 194, 647 ! 675 ! 4. A. velutinus, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 76. Shrub, 2 ft. high, grey with dense minute white hairs; branches very woody. Leaves § by nearly J in., round-obovate, very obtuse ; petiole | in. long. Axillary peduncles J-J in. long, carrying 3-1 flowers close together at the top; bracts (or bracteoles) ^ in. long, linear. Sepals 5, ^ in. long, linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved. Corolla f in. long ; lips long ; anticous narrow, hairy without. One anther-cell below the other, mucronate at the base or very short-tailed. Ovary hairy towards the top. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 351. Wile Iiand. Somaliland: Ahl Mountains, 6500 ft., Sildebrandt, 855b! Corolla hardly half the length of that of A. parvifolius. 48. ISOGLOSSA, Oerst. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1111. Calyx small, subequally 5-partite nearly to the base; segments lanceolate or linear. Corolla small or medium-sized (or 1-1 J in. long in sect. Pseud- Adhatoda), 2-lipped ; tube thick-cylindric or inflated in the upper half (not linear) ; anticous lip ovate, deeply 3-lobed or sub- entire, white, red or yellow with the palate often spotted ; posticous lip ovate to oblong, 2-lobed or nearly entire. Stamens 2 (without rudiments of the other two) ; filaments glabrous ; one anther-cell completely over the other, elliptic, or (in sect. Pseud- Adhatoda) anther-cells oblong parallel, one very slightly below the other; base of anther-cells rounded or minutely mucronate, not tailed ; pollen globose compressed, the 2 flattened faces circular, nearly smooth, with a stopple in the centre. Pistil glabrous ; style very shortly and equally 2-lobed ; disc a thick»'ned ring (not a cup) ; ovary with 2 ovules in each cell. Capsule rather 228 XCVIII. ACANTHACKfi (cLARKe). [Isogloi small, ellipsoid, compressed, 4-seeded ; stalk short (or not longer than the ellipsoid part), cylindric, solid ; placentae not rising elastically from the base of the valves ; seeds small, tubercular-scabrous, tubercles often elongate. — Herbs, with slender branches, sometimes 6 ft. high. Leaves ovate or elliptic, acuminate at either end, entire, petioled ; upper leaves often sessile, cordate. Inflorescence panicled, terminal and with axillary branches, pubescent, often glandular ; floral leaves and bracts usually narrow or small (but larger and enclosing the calyx in /. substrobilina and /. Gregorii). Species 25, in Africa and the Mascarene Islands, besides a few in India. By some inadvertence, Lindau, in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 342, separates Isoglossa from all other JusticiecB by the character of 4 stamens ; it never has more than 2. *Eu- Isoglossa. — Anther-cells elliptic, one above the other. Most of the flowers' pedicelled. Species of West Africa. Leaves very thin, nearly glabrate . . . . Nerves of leaves strong, beneath scabrous Species of East Africa. Mature leaves glabrous or very nearly so. Corolla ^-§ in. long. Panicle hairy. Leaves up to 3 in. long . . . , Leaves up to 7 in. long . . . , Panicle glabrate ..... Corolla nearly 1 in. long .... Mature leaves pubescent, at least on the nerves. Bracts narrow. Panicle terminal. Leaves f in. long ; corolla \ in. long Leaves 4 in. long ; corolla § in. long Panicles numerous, terminal and axillary Bracts ovate (small) . . . . . Flowers in small heads on the branches of a panicle. Leaves to the flower-clusters (or bracts) narrow, not enclosing the calyx. Sepals j'g-^ in. long, subpetaloid, hairy . Sepals i in. long, linear, green . . . , Sepals ^ in. long, subulate in the upper half . Leaves to flower-clusters (or bracts) enclosing the calyx. Floral leaves distant, ovate, subacute Floral leaves imbricate, suborbicular 1. I. glandulifera. 2. I. nervosa. 3. 1. laxa. 4. I. membranacea. 5. I. lactea. 6. I. Volkensii. 7. /. parvifolia, 8. /. somalensis 9. /. strigosula. 10. /. mossamhicensis. 11. I. runssorica. 12. I. oerstediana. 13. I. milanjienns. 14. I. Qregorii. 15. /. substrobilina . Tseud-Adhatoda. — Anther-cells oblong, parallel, at nearly equal height. Corolla-lips as long as the tube. Panicle-branches few ; corolla 1 in. long . . 16, /. gr.andijiora. Panicle-branches very many; corolla \ in. long . 17. I.floribunda. Corolla-lips much shorter than the tube. Hairs on panicle, and sepal tipped with red glands . 18. T. rubescens. Hairs on sepals long, white, without red glands . 19. I. Ixodes. Isoglossa.] xcviii. acanthace^ (clarke). 229 1. I. glandulifera, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 54. Herb, 4-10 ft. high. Leaves ii by 1^ in. (or sometimes up to 8 by 3 in.); elliptic, acuminate, very sparseJy hairy, base very narrowly truncate, subauricled ; petiole up to 1-2 in. long ; upper leaves smaller, often sessile, subcordate. Panicle often (J by 3 in., terminal, very loose, sparsely glandular hairy ; bracts ^ in. long, linear. Calyx ^.. in. long, subequally 5-fid nearly to the base; segments linear-lanceolate, with few scattered glandular many-celled white hairs, otherwise glabrous. Corolla |-1 in. long, light red, nearly glabrous ; tube cylindric-funnel- shaped, much longer than the lips. Anther-cells muticous, widely separated one over the other; pollen globose, compressed, smooth. Capsule § in. long (whereof J in. is a cylindric stalk), narrow, 4-seeded; seeds small, scabrous with long tubercles. — Lindau in Engl. ^ Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 344. Upper Guinea. Cameroous: Buea, 5000 ft., Freuss, 746! near MimbiH, 3900 ft., Freuss, 1062 ! Cameroon Mountain, 7000 ft., Mann, 1972! Johnston, 62! Kaibreyer, 134, ! Fernando Po, 4000 ft., Mann, 579 I 2. I. nervosa, C, B. Clarke. Herb, 5 ft. high. Leaves up to 3 J by 2 in., rhomboid-ovate; nerves beneath' prominent, scabrous hairy; base acuminate; petiole 1^ in. long; uppermost leaves smaller, nearly sessile, subcordate. Panicle up to 12 by 8 in., glandular hairy. Corolla J in. long, white ; tube longer than the lips ; otherwise nearly as /. glandulifera. Upper Guinea. Cameroon Mountain, 7000-8000 ft., Mann, 2009 ! Johnston, 63! "Nearly allied to, if not identical with, I. laxa," Oliv. in Trrns. Linn. So-:, ser. 2, Bot. ii. 346. 3. I. laxa, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 345. Branches glabrate, with many longitudinal cystoliths. Leaves 3 by IJ in., narrowed at both ends, glabrate; petiole J in. long. Panicle 7 by 3 in., terminal, lax, haiiy ; floral leaves up to J by yV in., mostly small, linear ; pedicels 2V~tV ^°* ^^^gi bracteoles U or most minute. Calyx J in. long, divided subequally nearly to the base; segments linear, obtuse, pubescent, and with long several-celled scarious hairs. Corolla J-§ in. long ; tube about as long as the lips, sparingly hair}* without, pink. Filaments glabrous; anther-cells oblong, tail-less, one entirely below the other; pollen lenticular, with one stopple in the centre of each face. Capsule J in. long, stalked, perfecting 4 seeds (not seen ripe). — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 394 ; Lindau in Engl. lst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Masuka Plateau, 6500- 7000 ft., Whyte ! The calyx is about half the length of I. laxa, the corolla is somewhat smaller. The large very thin leaves may be due principally to a shady moist habitat. 5. I, lactea^ Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 55. Leaves up to 4 by If in., ovate, narrowed at either end, nearly glabrous; petiole up to l| in. long. Peduncles axillary and subterminal, slender, bearing a lax nearly glabrous panicle 1-3 in. long; bracts yV in. long, linear. Calyx ^-J in. long, divided nearly to the base ; segments linear, sub- equal, minutely scabrous-hairy. Corolla exceeding J in. long, cream- white (or violet in the form /. violacea), nearly glabrous ; tube shorter than the lips. Filaments glabrous, or in Lindau's figure ciliate on one side ; anther-cells muticous, one below the other ; pollen lenticular, with one stopple on each face. Pistil glabrous. Capsule J in. long, stalked, 4- seeded ; seeds tubercular-scabrous. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflan- zenfam. iv. 3 B. 344, fig. 107, B, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 372. /. Jiava, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 125. /. violacea, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 125. Wile Z.and. British East Africa: Toru; Kivata, 8000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 7664! Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Usambara : Nguelo, Solst, 2,212 ! Lutindi, Hoist, 3252 ! Uluguru, 3300-5500 ft., Stuhlmann, 9032 ! 8S22 ! Lindau says the corolla-tube in /. violacea is only y^ in. long ; it appears to me scarcely shorter than in I. lactea. Scott-Elliot's 7664 has a few scattered hairs on the upper surface of the leaves. 6. I. Volkensii, Lindauin Engl. Jahrh. xx. 55. Leaves 4 by 1 J in., elliptic, acuminate at either end, glabrous. Flowers laxly panicled, clear rose colour; bracts very small. Calyx J in. long, finely hairy. Corolla-tube more than J in. long ; lips § in. long, rather broad. Capsule J in. long, 4-seeded ; otherwise as /. lactea. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 344, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 372. Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, 8000 ft., Volkens, 990 ! 7. I. parvifolia, Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896. 411. Branches 18 in. long, slender. Leaves f by J in., ovate, pubescent on the nerves beneath ; petiole J in. long. Panicle small, few-flowered, very lax. Sepals J in. long, linear, scabrous. Corolla j in. long. One anther- cell below the other, distant from the other, both muticous. Capsule 3 by y\ in., narrowly oblong, 4-seeded ; seeds rough, glabrous. Isoglossa.] xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). 231 Nile Z.and. Somaliland : Sheik Husein, Donaldson Smith ! 8. I. somalensis, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. (18'JC) H2. Leaves up to 4 J by 1 j in., ovate, pubescent ; petiole 1 in. long. Panide terminal, 3 by H in., very minutely hairy; bracts scarcely yV in. long. Sepals nearly J in. long, linear, puberulous. Corolla puberulous ; tube J in. long ; lips J in. long. One anther-cell far below the other. Wile Ziand. Somaliland: between Algbe and Oi, Riva, 1293! " Allied to /. lactea " (Lindau)'; and does not differ much, except that the leaves are minutely hairy on the upper surface. 9. I. strigosula, C. B. Clarke. Branches terete, with one or two hairy lines or glabescent ; cystoliths many, small, longitudinal. Leaves up to If by I in., acuminate at either end, strigose-hairy on the nerves beneath ; petiole J in. long ; many upper leaves smaller, subsessile. Panicles terminal and many axillary, loose, slender ; pedicels 0-J in. long. Calyx \-\ in. long, subequally 5-partite nearly to the base ; segments linear, minutely scabrous-hairy. Corolla J in. long ; very hairy without ; tube about as long as the lips. Filaments glabrous ; anther-cells muticous, one completely below the other ; pollen lenticular, a stopple on each face. IVIozaznl). Dlst. British Central Africa : Nvasaland ; Masuka Plateau, 6500- 7000 ft., Whyte, 288 ! Allied to I, lactea^ but more pubescent. 10. I. mossambicensis, Lindau in Engl. Ffl. Ost-Afr. C. 372. Branches glandular-pubescent. Leaves up to 4 by 1 in., elliptic-lanceo- late, with glandular many-celled hairs near the basal margin and con- tinued down the petiole. Spikes axillary and terminal, 1 in. long, about 10-flowered ; floral leaves ^-i in. long, ovate or obovate, acuminate. Sepals ^-i in. long, glandular-hairy. Corolla 'i in. long, glabrous ; tube hardly -J in. long. Anther-cells muticous, divaricate, one somewhat above the other. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 344, and in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. 324. Alozaxub. Bist. Portuguese East Africa : Gorongoza, Carua/Ao. This differs from its neighbours principally in the broad (thougl small) floral leaves. 11. I. ninssorica, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 5G. Stem with many longitudinal cystoliths, hairy along two lines or glabrate. Leaves 6 by 2J in., acuminate at either end, nearly glabrous ; petiol'^ '>-]^ in. long. Panicle branches 6 by ^ in., pubescent ; flowers in distant clusters; bracts less than \ in. long, linear, glabrous. Calyx ^'.^ J in. long, divided nearly to the base, scarious, subpetaloid ; segments linear- lanceolate, with minute hairs but no cystoliths. Corolla \ in. long. Anther-cells one above the other ; pollen lenticular, with one stopple on 232 xcviii. ACANTHACE/E (clarke). [Isoglosstt. each face and no distinct girdle. Pistil glabrous. — Lindau in Engl, cfe Piantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 344, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 372. lO'lle Ziand. British East Africa : Ruwenzori ; Toru district, in Wimi Valley, 7000-8000 ft., Scott-Eiliot, 7836! and in Butagu Valley, 6000-8000 ft., Scott- Elliot, 7915 ! Sttihlmann, 2474 ! 12. I. oerstediana^ Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 56. Calyx- segments \ in. long, nearly free, linear, green, subulate and curved in the upper half, with cystoliths. Capsule J in. long, 4-seeded ; seeds with rough oblong tubercles ; otherwise as /. runssorica. — Lindau in Engl. k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 344, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 372. xrUe land. Abyssinia, Schimper ! British East Africa : Raomi River, 7000 ft., Scott-Ellioi, 6767 ! XWEozaxub. 3>ist» German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, 4500-9000 ft., Volkens^ 1121! 1123 1382! 1387 I 1852! 1936! Johnston, l\i^\ Usambara, iZoZ^^ 523 ! The difference of this plant from I. runssorica is small. Lindau lays stress on the pubescent panicle branches of /. runssorica, but the ])anicle branches of the present species are similarly pubescent. 13. I. milanjiensis, S. Moore in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bat. iv. 33. Calyx-segments ^ in. long, in fruit nearly J in. long, nearly free, linear, green, minutely hairy, subulate and curved in the upper half. Corolla J in. in total length ; otherwise nearly as /. oerstediana and /. runssorica. — Lindau in Engl. &, Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 344, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 372. Mozamb. X>lst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Mount Mlanje, 6C00 ft., JFhi/ie ! 14. I, Gregoriiy Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 372. Leaves 1 1 by 1 in., ovate, nearly glabrous. Inflorescence terminal up to 4 by J in. ; flowers in small sessile clusters ; outer bract (of S. Moore) J-J in. long, ovate, enclosing 3-1 flowers; bract J in. long, linear. Calyx J in. long, and upwards, pubescent. Corolla-tube ^ in. long; lips J in. long. Anther-cells one much lower than the other. Pistil, capsule, and seeds of the genus. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzen- fam. iv. 3 B. 344. Ilomilacanthus Gregorii, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1884, 129, t. 343. Wile Xiand. British East Africa : Mount Kenia, 7000 ft., Gregory I S. Moore regarded the floral-leaves {traghldtter) which enclose the flower-clusters us bracts (deck-blatter)', and therefore supposed this species must fall among Bentham's subtribe Dielipterece. 15. I. substrobilina, C. B. Clarke Branches quadrangular, with a strong line of deflexed white hairs. Leaves up to 3 J by 1| in., acuminate at either end, when mature nearly glabrous except on the nerves ; cystoliths many on both faces ; petiole J to J in. long. Spikes Isogloesa.] xvciii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). -•^•> terminal (and also on short lateral branches), J-lJ by ^— J in., dense, almost strobilate, softly white hairy ; bracts J in. long and broad, nearly orbicular. Sepals 1 in." long, linear. Corolla-tube -/u- J in. long ; anticous lip ^ in. long, broad-elliptic, subentire ; posticous lip ^ in. long, oblong, subentire. Anther-cells muticous, one completely over the other ; pollen globose compressed, with one stopple on each smooth face. Pistil of the genus. Wile I.and. British East Africa : Man, 7000-8000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6769 ! 16. I. grandiflora, C. B. Clarke. Stem pubescent, glandular upwards. Leaves up to 5 by 2 J in., acuminate at either end, when mature minutely pubescent on the nerves beneath ; cystoliths numerous, small ; petiole O-J in. long. Panicle terminal (leafy below), viscid with many-celled gland-tipped hairs ; branches 2^ by J in. ; flowers in clusters on the branches ; lower clusters distinct, upper running into a dense spike; bracts \ in. long, oblong. Calyx ^-J in. long, divided nearly to the base ; segments 5, subequal, linear, glandular-hairy. Corolla-tube -^- in. long ; lips ^ in. long, subentire, rather broad, curved. Stamens 2 ; filaments glabrous ; anther-cells linear-oblong, muticous, parallel, one a very little below the other ; pollen lenticular, with one stopple on each smooth face. Pistil glabrous ; style very shortly 2-fid. Capsuk -|- in. long, flattened; stalk short, thick; seeds 4, with rough oblong tubercles. — ?Jcteinanthus grandijioruSj T. Anders. MS. Mozamb. Bist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland; Shibisa (Chickwawa) to Tshinmuze, 2000-4000 ft., Kirk ! Mount Sochi, Meller ! The corolla and the anthers of this plant are nearly those of Adhatoda, Beuth. {Duvernoia, Lindau). The habit, leaves, bracts, pollen, and seeds are those of Isoglossa. 17.1. floribunda, C. B. Clarke. Upper leaves subsessile, minutely pubescent. Panicle 17 by 5 in., terminal, nearly leafless, viscid-hairy, repeatedly divided ; ultimate branches 3-4 in. long, on which the few- flowered distinct clusters form long one-sided spikes ; bracts ^V ^"- ^o^&» linear. Calyx xV~8 ^^- ^<^^gj segments 5, hnear, nearly free, viscous hairy. Corolla-tube l in. long, much inflated in the upper half ; lips \ in. long, subentire," rather broad. Stamens 2 ; filaments glabrous ; anther-cells oblong, parallel, scarcely mucronate at the base, one slightly below the other; pollen globose compressed, with a stopple in the centre of either face. Pistil glabrous. Capsule J in. long, ellipsoid, com- pressed, 4-seeded; stalk cylindric, solid, short; placenta not rising elastically from the base of valves ; seeds rugose-tubercular XVSozamb. Blst. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; Shupauga, Kirk ! The very compound large leafless mauy-flowered panicles has caused this plrxnt to be referred doubtfully in the Herbarium to Ehin acanthus, from which genus tlie shape of the corolla removes it. 18. I. rubescens, Lhidau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 57. Stem quad- rangular, clothed upwards, as is the whole panicle, with hairs tipped by 23 i xcviii. ACAXTHACE.E (clarke) [Isoglossa. red glands. Leaves 4 by 1 J in., ovate, hairy on both surfaces ; nerves reticulated beneath ; petioles short. Panicle terminal, branched ; flowers clustered, running into continuous spikes towards the tips of the branches ; floral leaves lanceolate, larger in the lower part of the panicle. Calyx -i in. long. Corolla rose ; tube f in. long ; lips ^ in. long, both deeply lobed. Anther-cells at nearly equal height ; pollen of the genus. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. :5 B. 344, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 372. KTlle Iiand. British East Africa : Ruwenzori, 9300-10,000 ft., StuJdmann^ 2397 '. 2424a ! l[). I. Ixodes, Lindau in Emjl. Jahrh. xxii. 124. Branches pubescent upwards. Leaves 2 by | in., ovate, margins near the base hairy ; petiole |-^ in. long. Panicle terminal, of closely contracted cymes ; flowers sessile ; floral leaves J-f in. long, ovate, acuminate, sessile ; bracts \ in. long, linear. Sepals J in. long, with long white multicellular hairs at the tip. Corolla glabrous, cannine ; tube | in. long, cylindric ; lips nearly |- in. long. Anther-cells muticous, some- what divaricate, one slightly below the other ; pollen of the genus. Pistil glabrous, of the genus. Mozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Ukami ; Uluguru Mountains, near Lukwangulu, Stuhlmann, 9174 ! 49. CHLAMYDOCARDIA, Lindau in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xx. 39. Sepals 5, small, linear. Corolla slender, 2-lipped ; tube narrow- cylindric ; anticous lip o-lobed, posticous emarginate. Stamens 2 ; anther-cells 2, elliptic, placed obliquely, nearly at equal height, not tailed at the base ; pollen spherical, with 6 equatorial pores and meridional lines of raised points. Stigma subcapitate. Capsule small, stalked, 4- seeded ; placentje not rising elastically from the base of valves. — Herbs. Panicles terminal, linear-cylindric (or nearly reduced to racemes) ; floral leaves (in the two well-ascertained species) spathulate or obovate, prominent. Species 2 or 3, endemic. This differs from Isoglossa in the pollen and in the inflorescence, to which the peculiar floral leaves give a marked character. Leaves pubescent ; petiole 0— | in. long . . . ] . C. Bucitneri. Leaves glabrous ; petiole ^-1 in. long . . . 2. C. suhrhomboidea. 1. C. Buettneri, Lindau in Emjl. Jahrh. xx. ;)0. Stems 12-16 in. long, weak, creeping, rooting at the base, with 2 lines of minute crisped hair. Leaves up to 3^ by \l in., ovate-acute, much tapering at the base, minutely puV>escent on the nerves ; cystoliths on upper surface many, small ; petiole 0-J in. long. Panicles terminal, up to 4 by 2 in., nearly glabrate ; flowers in 1-4 clusters on the branches, sessile ; floral leaf (or bract), \-\ in. long, obcordate, sub-3-lobed, apiculate, on a linear petiolule, mostly 1 -flowered, minutely gland-hairy on the margin ; fruiting panicle-branches loose, but lower bracts imbri- Chlamydocardia.'] xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). 235 cated, almost substrobilate. Sepals 5, i in. long, linear, minutely pubescent. Corolla-tube \ in. long, linear ; lips /^ in. long. Stamens 2 ; anther-cells 2, one slightly higher than the other, muticous ; pollen globose, minutely tubercled on all sides, the tubercles in meridional lines ; stopples 6, equatorial. Style nearly glabrous ; stigma sub- capitate. Capsule J in. long, 4-seeded, glabrous; stalk -/j in. long, solid ; placentae not rising elastically ; seeds tubercular-scabrous. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 329. Upper Guinea. Caineroons : Bipiiule, 300 ft., Zenker, 1228 ! Victoria, P/vt/jv, 1383! JtO'weT Quinea. Gaboon: Munda; Sibange Farm, ^ii/^ner, 169 ! 2. C. subrhomboidea, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 110. Herb, 16 in. high. Leaves 4| by If in., ovate, acuminate at either end, glabrous ; petiole ^-1 in. long. Panicle terminal ; floral leaves laxly imbricate, :^ by i in., rhomboid-ovate, subacute ; bracts | in. long, subulate. Sepals 5, | in. long, subulate. Corolla J in. long ; tube very slender ; lips short. Anther-cells muticous, nearly at equal height ; pollen globose, obscurely subhexagonal, with many meridional lines of tubercles and 6 equatorial pores. Upper Guinea. Caineroons : between Victoria and liimbia, Prenss, 1309 ! Doubtful species, 3. C. (?) nuda, C. B. Clarke. Bush, 6 ft. high. Stem minutely and sparsely pubescent ; internodes long. Leaves 5 J by 2 J in., elliptic, acuminate, nearly glabrate, margin entire undulate, base slightly unequal, nearly cordate; cystoliths small on both faces; petiole h-'^l in. long. Panicle linear, terminal, G by J in., closely and minutely pube- scent ; floral leaves h by -^^ in. ; cymes 1-4-tlowered, hardly V in. long ; bract and bracteoles ^ in. long, linear. Sepals 5, subequal, nearly | in. long, linear, acute. Corolla J in. long, narrow, pubescent. Stamens 2 filaments glabrous; anthers 2, oblong, subequal, parallel, one some- what above the other, ciliate at the top ; pollen globose, with 1 2 longitudinal equidistant ribs not reaching the pores. Style slightly hairy towards the base. Xiower Guinea. Gaboon : Como River, Safes, 494 ! It is worth remark that Bates, 495, where the stamens are 4 and the genus Filetia, is superficially extremely like this plant. The present plant does for Chlamydocardia, but wants the characteristic bracts. I think there are 6 equatorial pores to the pollen, which, further, will not do for Isoglossa, whether there are 6 pores or 3. 50. ECBOLIUM, Kurz ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1 1 IH. Sepals 5, nearly free, linear or narrow-lanceolate, small. Corolla distinctly 2-lipped ; tube long and Hnear in Eu-Kcholium, shorter and funnel-shaped or sub-cylindric in the section (Jhoananthm ; anticous lip 286 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). [EcboUum. deeply 8-lobed ; posticous lip subentire. Stamens 2, without rudiments of others ; anther-cells 2, linear, muticous, nearly at equal height ; pollen globose, with 3 meridional lines or bands and stopples. Ovary glabrous or hairy ; ovules 2 in each cell ; style branches 2, subequal, very small. Capsule ovoid, much flattened, 2-seeded, on a solid stalk ; placentae not rising elastically from the base of the valves ; seeds in Eu-Ecbolium rather large, much flattened, tubercular scabrous, without hairs, but in Choananthus often without tubercles, smooth or papillose or with minute hairs. — Shrubs, glabrous or hairy. Leaves entire, rather thick. Spikes terminal, many-flowered ; bracts large, ovate or obovate, imbri- cate, enclosing the small calyx (in the Tropical African species) ; bracteoles linear, a little longer than the calyx. Species 12 ; in Africa, Madagascar, Arabia-and India. Kurz grounded his genus Echolium mainly on the shape of the corolla, which approaches that of Rhinacanthus. The subgenus Choananthus here added might, almost equally well, be attached to Megalochlamys. *Eu-EcBOLiUM. — Corolla-tube long, linear ; posticous lip narrowed from an ovate base to a linear tip. Bracts longer than the calyx. Petiole short ; leaves tapering into the petiole . . 1. J?, linneanum. Petiole 0. Leaves glabrous, hastate, amplexicaul . . . 2. U. amjplexicaule. Leaves hairy. Leaves narrow at the bqse, auricled . . . 3. J&. auriculatum. Leaves broad at the base, subcordate . . ^. E. suhcordatum. Bracts rather shorter than the calyx . . . . b. E. parvihracteatvm. **CH0ANANTHirs. — Corolla-tube narrowly funnel-shaped or cylindric ; posticous lip oblong. Bracts not 3-nerved. Petiole \-\ in. long Q. E. striatum. Petiole rarely attaining \ in., usually very short. Seeds tubercular-scabrous, without hairs . . 7. E. barlerioides. Seeds smooth, without tubercles. Seeds shining, without hairs . . . . 8. ^. Anisacanthus. Seeds with scattered glochidiate hairs . . 9. E. revolutum. Seeds shining, with very minute hairs . , 10. E. hamatum. Bracts distinctly 3-nervcd 11. ^. trinervium. 1. E. linneaniuny Kurz inJourn. As. Soc. Beng. xl. part 2 (1871), 75. Leaves often 3 by J in., tip triangular, obtuse, base narrowed, glabrous or obscurely puberulous ; petiole 0-^ in. long ; leaves varying from narrowly oblong to broadly ovate, also much in size. Spikes often 4 by 1 in., strobilate; bract J by f in., ovate, apiculate, often pubescent, entire or nearly so in the African examples, often strongly toothed in the Indian; bracteoles \ in. long, linear, hairy. Calyx \ in. long. Corolla-tube J-1 in. long, linear to the top ; lobes of anti- cous lip 3, J- J in. long, elliptic ; posticous lip J- J by -^ in. upwards, notched at the tip. Pollen globose ; meridional smooth depressions very narrow, not reaching the poles. Ovary glabrous; style-base hairy. Capsule whole length f in. ; stalk linear-cylindric ; head compressed, J in. in Bcboliwn.] XCVIII. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). 237 diam., containing 2 thin discoid margined slightly rough seeds. — Boiss. Fl. Or. iv. 526 ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 544 ; Schweinf. & Volkens, Liste PI. Somalis, 17 ; Lindau in Engl. Blst. German East Africa : Mararao, Stuhlmann^ 6987 ! Usambara, Hoist, 608a ! and without precise locality, Hannington ! 4. E. subcordatum, C. B. Clarke. Leaves up to 3 by 1 J in., subsessile, hairy on both surfaces, base broad, truncate or subcordate. Spike and bracts as of E. linneanum, but more hairy. JTlle Xiand. British East Africa : Ukamba (?) Gregory ! Duruma, Hildehrandt, 2318! 5. E. parvibracteatuniy Rendlein Journ. Bot. 1897, 879. Leaves up to 5 by 2 J in., ovate, hairy on both faces, tip shortly acute, base obtuse. Petiole Jin. long, closely white-pubescent. Spike U-lH in. long, rather dense; bracts ^\ in. long, elliptic or oblong; shorter than the calyx. Corolla and capsule as of E. linneanum. Xile Xiand. Somaliland : Waggar Mountains, Mr*. Lort-Phillip* ! 238 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). [EchoHum. C. E. striatum, Balf.f. in Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinh. xii. 89. Leaves 1^ by § in. (up to 4^ by 2 in. in Thomas, 11), ovate-elliptic or oblong, obtuse at either end, glabrous; petiole \-l in. long. Spikes up to 5 by \ in. ; bracts § by h in., more or less pubescent. Sepals \ in. long. Corolla white {Thomas) ; tube h in. long, narrowly funnel-shaped nearly from the base ; lips \ in. long, posticous broadly oblong and scarcely emarginate. Anther-cells at equal height, linear-oblong, muticous, divaricate at the base ; pollen globose, meridional smooth depressions very narrow, not reaching the poles. Capsule hardly exceeding J in. in length, hairy; stalk ] in. long; seeds 2, ovoid, discoid, \ in. in diam., papillose-scabrous, without hairs. — Balf. f. in Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin. xxxi. 22 G, t. 77 (excluding var. /3 minor, and left-hand plant on t. 77) ; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 338 ; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1894, 137. Nile Iiand. British East Africa : Sabaki River, 1300 ft., Gregory ! Tana River, Thomas, 11 ! Also in Socotra. 7. E. barlerioides, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 42. Younger branchlets and leaves closely covered with minute hairs. Leaves up to 1| by § in., yellowish-green, narrowed at either end, obtuse, when mature glabrate ; petiole \ in. long. Spikes terminal, strobilate, up to 2 by J in. ; bracts | by nearly J- in., obovate, acuminate, base narrow cuneate. Calyx scarcely \ in. long. Corolla-tube |-§ in. long, sub- cylindric or somewhat funnel-shaped at the top ; anticous lip 3-lobed ; posticous oblong, scarcely emarginate. Pollen globose, with 3 broad meridional bands continuous to the poles, and 3 large stopples. Capsule 1^ by \ in. ; 2-seeded, much flattened, minutely hairy to the base ; stalk solid ; placenta) not rising elastically ; seeds large, much flattened, tubercular-scabrous, not hairy. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzen- fam. iv. 3 B. 338, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. (1890) 81. Isoglossa barlerioides, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1877, 70. Nile Iiand. Eritrea : Keren, Steudner, 1503 ! Somaliland : Serrut Mountains, Hildebrandt, 1401! Ahl Mountains, 1250 ft., Hildehrandt, 860a! Ganane River, Riva, 1110! Schebele River, Donaldson Smith ! 8. E. Anisacanthus, C. B. Clarke. Small woody shrub ; branchlets terete, minutely and densely white-hairy. Leaves 1 J by J in., narrowed at either end, densely and minutely hairy ; petiole 0-| in. long. Spikes terminal. If by J in., 8-12-flowered, hardly strobilate; bract J by \-\ in., elliptic, acute at either end, mucronate, minutely and sparsely hairy ; bracteoles 2, linear, scarcely ^V in. long. Calyx \-\ in. long ; sepals 5, united I their length ; two anticous often more highly united so that the calyx is 2-lipped, sub-4-fid. Corolla-tube J in. long, linear-cylindric ; limb 2-lipped, nearly as long ; anticous lip 3- lobed ; posticous lip shortly 2-fid. Stamens 2, rudiments 0 ; filaments minutely scabrous-hairy; anthers linear-oblong, muticous, parallel at equal height ; pollen subglobose, smooth, with 3 very narrow bands (on which are stopples) not reaching the poles. Ovary glabrous ; ovules Ecbolium.] xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). 230 2 in each cell, lower smaller and soon shrivelling up ] style slightly hairy towards the base; stigma shortly 2-lobed. Capsule \ in. long, obovoid, compressed, 2-seeded, hairy ; stalk solid ; placenta.* not rising elastically from the base ; seeds yellow, shining, very hard, smooth, without hairs or tufts. — Jicsticia Anisacanthiis, Schweinf. in Verb. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, xviii. 678. Schivahea Anisacanthus, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 340, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. (1896) 82. Monechma ciliatum, Hochst. ex Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 411. M. violaceum, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 411 partly. Nile Iiand. Nubia : between Suakin and Berber, Schweinfttrth, 130, 287 ! 425 ! Somaliland, Riva, 129, Eohecchi, 305 ! Donaldson Smith ! Keller, 206 ! 213 ! 2] 5 ! 216! Abyssinia, 3000 ft., Schimper, 62 ! 1005! 1298a ! Schweinfarth observes that this plant is an Echoluim, but he inchides Echolium as a section in Juslicia. It is not clear why Lindau has put it in Schu-aheo, as the seeds entirely want the two tufts of hairs on which that genus is poised, and the anther-cells are with.out tails. 9. E. revolutum, C. B. Clarke. Bracts broadly lanceolate, acute, imbricate, puberulous. Capsule sparsely hairy ; seeds covered all over by very distant glochidiate hairs; otherwise as E. Anisacanthns. — Schtcahea revoluta, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 59, in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 346, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 372. BarUrice sp., Schweinf. in Hohnel, Zum Rudolph-See u. Stephanie-See, Sonder- abdr. 6. IVIozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Usambara ; to the West of Pare Mountains, 600-2200 ft., HiJhnel, 8 ! 10. E. hamat-um, C. B. Clarke. Shrub; branches minutely tomen- tose-pubescent. Leaves up to H by J in., oblong, pubescent ; petiole 0-J in. long. Spikes terminal, short; bracts imbricate, up to | by J in., ovate, much acuminate, hairy ; bracteoles i in. long, linear. Sepals J in. long, gland-hairy. Corolla-tube | in. long, subcylindric ; Hps I in. long, anticous 3-lobed, posticous oblong and subentire. Anther- cells muticous ; pollen ellipsoid, pores 3. Capsule J in. long, 2-seeded ; seeds hairy. — Blechum hamattcm, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossnmb. 220. Petalidium (?) hamatum, Lindau in Engl. S: Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 299, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 367. Schwabea ecbolioides, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 58, and in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 346, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 372. Wile Ziand. British East Africa: Taita; Ndara Mountain, Hildehrandt, 2436 1 XVIozamb. I>i8t. German East Africa : Pangani Steppe, 2700 ft., Volkens, 552 ! and without precise locality, Fischer, 296 ! Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; Sena, Peters ! British Central Africa : North Kalahari Desert, mar Chukutusa Salt Pan, Lugard, 223 ! 11. E. trinervium, C. B. Clarke. Leaves 1^ by J in., rhom- boid-ovate, obtuse. Bracts J by. \ in., broad-elliptic, narrowed at the base, distinctly 3-nerved, tip acuminate ; otherwise as E. hamatum. — Schwabea ecbolioides, var. tomentosa. Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 59. Mozamb. Bist. German East Africn, Fischer, 284! 240 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). [Jlegalochlami/s. 51. MEGALOCHIiAMYS, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxvi. 345. Sepals 5, nearly distinct, small, subequal, linear or linear-lanceo- late. Corolla 2-lipped ; tube linear-cylindric, rather shorter than the lobes; anticous lip 3-fid; posticous lip ovate-oblong, subentire. Stamens 2 ; anthers long-exserted, 2-celled, muticous ; cells linear- oblong nearly at equal height ; pollen ellipsoid, smooth, with two stopples. Pistil glabrous; ovules 2 in each cell; style very shortly and equally 2-lobed at the tip. Capsule stalked, ovoid, much flattened, usually 2-seeded ; placentae not rising elastically from the base of the capsule-valves ; seeds rather large, much com- pressed, glabrous, somewhat tubercular-scabrous. — Shrubs. Leaves entire. Inflorescences terminal and axillary ; floral leaves imbricated, with (commonly) 3 flowers in the axil of 1 or 2 of the upper ; bracts and bracteoles 0 'or only represented by bristles hardly ~ in. long. Species 3, endemic. Engler & Schinz referred these plants to DicHptera, which is untenable, as the placentae do not rise elastically from the capsule valves ; the inflorescence, moreover, is totally different, being that of Phaylopsis. The genus differs from Scholium, sect. Choananthus, mainly in the inflorescence. Glabrous, or nearly so. Leaves ovate, ^ in. wide . , . . . 1. P. Marlothii. Leaves oblong, \ in. wide . . . . . 3, P. Unifolia. Plant hairy all over . . . . . . 2. P. strobilifera. 1. M. Marlothiiy Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xxvi. 345. Glabrous, except the calyx. Leaves 1 J by J in., tip triangular, base obtuse ; petiole 0-^ in. long. Inflorescences J-1 in. in diam., nearly enclosed by the two lowest floral leaves, which are f by f in., ovate, acute, with reflexed margins ; upper floral leaves ^ by J-J in. ; flowers 3-1 in the axil of the penultimate floral leaf (and sometimes of 1 or 2 adjacent). Calyx \-\ in. long, minutely pubescent. Corolla |-1 in. in total length. Filaments glabrous. Capsule ^ in. long, upper flattened part \ in. broad ; seeds discoid, tubercular-scabrous, not hairy. — DicUptera Marlothii^ Engl, in Engl. Jahrb. x. 266. D. schu- manniana, Schinz in Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. xxxi. 204. Iioxver Guinea. Angola : Monhinos, Newton ! German South-west Africa : Amboland ; Okasima-Ka-Namutenya, Schinz, 60 ! Oshando, Schinz, 100 ! Herero- land, 3300 it.,Marloth, 1313! 2. M. strobilifera, C. B. Clarke. Hairy all over. Leaves 2| by -| in., tip subacute, base obtuse; petiole 0— J in. long. Inflorescences Ij by I in. ; outermost floral leaves f by J in., obovate-elliptic, acumi- nate ; upper gradually smaller, several containing 3-1 flowers in each axil ; bracts and bracteoles 0. Corolla blue, with purple veins. Fila- ments granular-scabrous ; pollen exactly as of P. Marlothii. BSozamb. Slst. Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi; near TetCj Kirk! There is no fruit of this species, but it is closely allied to the foregoing. The Megalochlamya.'] xcviii. acanthace.e (clarke). 241 anther-cells are linear-oblong, exactly parallel, and at equal height, which does not satisfy Anderson's diagnosis of his genus Ecteinanthus {RhijI i(/lo-ssa) ; the inflorescence is really remote from that of Ecteinanthus. 3. M. linifolia, Lhtdau in Engl. Jahrh. xxvi. o4G. Shrub, woody, much branched, glabrescent. Leaves J by J in., oblong, obtuse, subsessile, smooth, margins recurved, midrib glandular at the base. Axillary floral leaves J by J in., cofrdate, yellow-green, glabrous ; inner floral leaves narrower with 2-3 flowers in the axil of each ; flower bract and bracteoles 0 or minute. Sepals yV in. long, linear, scabrous. Corolla not seen. Capsule \ in. long, 2-seeded, glabrous ; stalk short ; placentse not rising elastically ; seeds tubercular, scabrous, hispid. — Dicliptera (?) linifolia, Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. (IHIHI) 8(). Wrile Iiand. Somaliland; Ahl Mountains, 1800-3300 ft., Hildefjramlf, 830 \ Merehan, Robecchi, 249 ! 250 ; Bela, Riva, 1462 ! 52. GRAPTOPHYLLUM, Nees ; Benth. et Hook. f. (^en. PI. ii. 1118. Calyx small, divided nearly to the base into 5 subequal linear seg- ments. Corolla definitely 2-lipped, moderately large, red ; tube funnel- shaped, curved ; anticous lip of 8 ovate reflexed lobes (central lobe out- side in the bud) ; posticous lip ovate-oblong, very shortly 2-fid. Stamens 2 (2 rudiments added) ; anther-cells 2, linear-oblong, muticous, placed at equal height ; pollen very short-ellipsoid, with o broad bands reaching the poles. Ovules 2 in each cell ; style clavate, hardly 2-fld at the tip. Capsule (in Australian species) ellipsoid, 4-8eeded, on a .^hort solid cylindric stalk ; placentae not rising elastically from the base of the valves ; seeds glabrous, nearly smooth, obscurely rugose-tubercular. — Glabrous shrubs. Panicles (almost racemes) many-flowered, terminal, sessile, rather dense ; flowers pedicelled and subsessile, in clusters ; bracts and bracteoles very small. Species 2, in Malaya, Australia, and Polynesia, besides the subjoined. 1. G. hortense, Xees in Wall. PL As. Ear. iii. 102. Leaves up to () by 2J in., shortly narrowed at either end, entire ; petiole J in. long. Panicles 1-2 in. long, 10-40-flowered ; pedicels 0-J in. long. Calyx 1 in. long. Corolla-tube J in. long; lips ^ in. long. — DC. Prod. xi. ;»2H ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 51 ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 545; Lindau in Bolet. Soc. Brot. x. 147. 0'. pictum, Griflf. Notul. iv. 180; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 827, fig. 132, A-D. Justicia picia, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. ii. 21; J^ot. Mag. t. 1H70 (var. luridosanyuinea). upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : in gardens. Barter ! near Kitchoni, .Scoff- Elhot, 4326 ! Cameroons, JPreussi, 376 ! 401 ! Staudf, 4551 ! This plant, often cultivated with blotched leaves, is doubtless only introduced at Sierra Leone; its native habitat is uncertain. Bentham gives, for the genus Graptophi/llum, capsule usually 2-seeded. The capsules in the Australian species arc 4-8eeded. 242 xcviii. ACANTHACE/K (cLARKE). [Sckaueria. 5o. SCHAUERIA, Nees ; Beiith. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. UK). Calyx divided nearly to the base into 5 subequal linear segments. Corolla distinctly 2-lipped ; tube slender ; anticous lip divided deeply into o oblong lobes ; posticous lip subentire. Stamens 'J, without rudi- ments ; anther-cells 2, oblong, at equal height, rounded at the base ; pollen ellipsoid, with o very narrow smooth bands that do not reach the poles. Ovules 2 in each cell ; style minutely 2-lobed. Capsule (in the American species) stalked; seeds 4, rugose. — Leaves entire. Panicle terminal, dense, with many flowers ; bracts linear. Species 8, Brazilian; besides the one subjoined. 1. S. populifolia, C B. Clarke. Herb, 4-5 ft. high, nearly glabrous. Leaves 4 j by 2| in., elliptic, somewhat parallel-sided, acumi- nate, when matui-e gJabrate, base rounded cordate ; cystoliths numerous, small; petiole ^-J in. long. Panicle 2 by A in., minutely puberulous ; bracts J in. long, linear, nearly glabrous, with a very few long-stalked glands. Calyx | in. long ; lobes subulate, dilated and connate at the base. Corolla reMish. {Zenker)) tube J in. long, very slender ; lobes i in. long. Filaments glabrous ; anther-cells slightly hairy at the top. Pistil glabrous. Capsule not seen. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Bipiude, Zenker, 1205 ! Fernando Po, Mann, 1426! Vogel! 54. PERISTROPHE, Nees; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1121. Calyx small ; segments 5, subequal, nearly separate, linear-lanceolate. Corolla lips 2, long, posticous entire or emarginate. Stamens 2 ; anthers 2-celled ; cells one more or less above the other, muticous ; pollen ellipsoid, with 3 smooth bands and stopples, not tubercled. Ovules 2 in each cell ; style filiform, with 2 very short oblong branches. Capsule 4-seeded, with a cylindric stalk ; placentae not rising elastically ; seeds discoid, smooth or minutely papillose. — Herbs. Leaves entire. Spikelets 2-1- (rarely ;:»-) flowered, in heads or scattered; bracts to the 2 lower flowers subopposite, enclosing the calyx, from linear to ovate ; bracteoles 2 to each flower, linear-lanceolate, longer than the calyx. Species 20, in the warmer regions of the Old World extending from Cape Verd Islands and the Cape to Malaya. This genus in habit and in every point is Bicliptera, except that the placenta? do not rise elastically from the base of the capsule-valves in the ripe fruit. Spikelets in more or less lax panicles. Panicles 12-18 in. long \. P. Incalycidata. Panicles denser with more numerous spikelets . . 2. P. Hensii. Spikelets in spikes. Stout ; spikes 3 by 1 in. ; corolla §-1 in. long . . 3. P. luteoviridis. Small ; spikes 1 by :^ in. ; corolla \ in, long . . 4. P. usta. 1. P. bicalyculata, Nees in Wall. PL As. liar. iii. 113. Glabrous or very thinly hispid. Branches up to 2-4 ft. long, 4-7 -angular. Perist7'ophe.] xcviii. acanthace,*: (clarke). 2 4:^ Leaves up to 4 by IJ in., elliptic-lanceolate; petiole J in. long; leaves usually smaller and very few in the inflorescence. Panicles often 1 2- IS in. long, very lax, much divided, spikelets with but one perfect flower ; bracts I in. long. Calyx scarcely | in. long, minutely puVjerulous. Corolla J in. long, pale purple. Capsule .\ in. long, hairy at the top ; seeds minutely papillose. — DC. Prod. xi. 41)6; Benth. in Hook. Nipt'r Fl. 4S4 ; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. KK); T. Anders, in Journ. Linn Soc. vii. 47 ; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 11:^), 244; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 504 ; Lindau in Engl. ist. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, Volkens, 452 ! British Central Africa: Stevenson Road, 4000-5000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 8247! Eastern Bechuanaland : Tati, Hohih ! 2. P. Hensii, C. B. Clarke. Panicle large with strongly hexagonal branches, much denser, with larger spikelets ; otherwise as P. bicaly- culcita. — Dicliptera Ilensii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 120. South Central. Lower Congo : Stanley Pool, 1000 ft., Hens, 53 ! This is a Peristrophe (closely allied to P. bicali/culata, which has invariably a more straggling panicle) identical with one from Natal and Kaffraria. :l P. luteoviridis, C. B. Clarke. Stout herb, glabrous except the inflorescence, yellow-green. Leaves up to ^^^J by 1 in., narrowed at both ends; petiole \ in. long. Clusters of flowers approximated in rather dense spikes ?> by 1 in. ; floral leaves up to ^ by \ in., intermixed. Spikelets 1-flowered; bract ]^-h in. long, lanceolate; bracteoles \ in. long, linear. Calyx \-\ in. long. Corolla ;|-1 in. long, rose, purple- spotted (/S'c/iZ'-em/wr^/i).' Anther-cells at nearly ecjual height, rounded at the base ; pollen ellipsoid with :> stopples, on the longitudinal smooth bands are single rows of minute spots, one row on each side of eacli stopple. Capsule J in. long, stout, solid-stalked; seeds 4, discoid, smooth. — Xicoteha lanceolata, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. '^X, and m Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. A B. 329. 244 xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). [Peristrophe. irile ]Land. Dar Fertit : at Dem Bekir, Schweinfurth, ser. 3, 23 ! Niamniam, Schweinfurth, 2885 ! 4. P. usta, C. B. Clarke. Dusky, pubescent. Branches 8-5 in. long, very numerous, arising after a grtiss-fire from the woody rootstock. Leaves up to 1 by J in., tip hardly acute, base narrowed ; petiole up to 1 in. long. Spikelets 1 -flowered, in mainly terminal spikes up to 1 by \ in., lax; floral leaves \ in. long, linear-oblong. Calyx scarcely J in. long. Corolla J in. long, slender. Stamens 2; anther-cells 2, one clearly above the other; pollen as of P. luteoviridis. Capsule f in. long, slender, 4-seeded, the linear stalk exceeding J in. in length. — Duvemoia pumila, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 44, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 3P><.), and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 372. Mozamb. Blst. British Central Africa : Nya?aland ; Mount Zomba., 4000- 6000 ft., Whyte ! Buchanan^ 127 ! Tanganyika Plateau, Carson ! 55. HYPOESTES, R. Br.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1122. Sepals 5, equal, small, scarious, minutely puberulous, free or united J-| their length, lanceolate. Corolla small (in Tropical African species), 2-lipped half its length, rose-purple to white (often spotted) ; tube slender, dilated near the top ; anticous lip 3-fid ; posticous lip 2-fid, emarginate or entire, within in the bud. Stamens 2 ; anthers 1-celled, muticous; pollen ellipsoid, longitudinally banded, bands and stopples usually 3. Style filiform, shortly and equally 2-fid at the tip ; ovary glabrous or somewhat hairy upwards, with 2-1 ovules in each cell. Capsule small, stalked, 4- or 2-seeded ; seeds smooth or pustular- tubercled. — Herbs or shrubs. Leaves entire, wavy, or (in H. micro- phylla) obscurely toothed. Inflorescences axillary and terminal, or running into terminal spikes or panicles. Spikelets in c}Tnes, elongate or subcapitate ; floral leaves resembling reduced vegetative leaves often present ; spikelets with two bracts, lower containing a flower, upper empty or with a rudimentary flower; the 2 bracts free or connate J-| their length ; bracteol^s to the lower bract 2, shorter than it, oblong ; bracteoles to the upper bract usually 0. Species 60, extending from Africa to Australia. *Apoltton. — Two opposite bracts to the spikelet free, equal, or somewhat unequal. Two bracts of the spikelet with long linear green points (sometimes not very long in H. cancellata). Seeds smooth. Heads subglobose, chiefly axillary. Leaves 1^ in. long \. H. aristata. Leaves 2-4 in. long 2. H. antennifera. Leaves 6 in. long, glabrate . . . . 3. -ff. insularis. Heads subglobose, many subterminal approximate 4. H. Staudtii. Inflorescences elongate, lax 5. JT. Barteri. Seeds tubercled ; heads dense, oblong, compound . 6. M. cancellafa. Two opposite bracts of spikelet obtuse or acute, scarcely mucronate. 7. U. triflora. 8. 9. 11. phaylupsoidi'.s. 11. ro.s,a. 10. 11. H. microphylla. H. sfrohilifera. Hi/2)oestes.'\ xcviii. acanthace^e (clarke). 245 Spikelets 1-5 together, laxly capitate. Leaves usually much exceeding \ in. in length. Two outer bracts narrowly obovate, subequal . Two outer bracts obovate, larger, unequal Two outer bracts narrowly elliptic-oblong Leaves \ in. long, obscurely toothed . Inflorescences densely strobilate, compound . **Hkmi( VLJNDKis. — Two opposite bracts to spikelet con- nate \-% their length into a tube (" involucre" of Lindau). Spikelets in short unilateral cymes, rather densely approximate. Bracts without long white hairs, glabrate or minutely scabrous hairy . . . . . . 12. ^. Forskalei. Stem and leaves minutely caneseent . . .13. 11. Ilildebrandtii. Pubescent. (Calyx larger, \ in. long) . . .14. H. mlanjensjs-. Bracts with (more or less numerous) spreading long white hairs. Leaves ovate or elliptic, narrowed on the petiole 15. H. verticillaris. Leaves elliptic, long acuminate .... 16. H. PreussU. Spikelets in lax cymes ; cymes in compound panicles. Spikelets rather small ..... 17. H. violaceolincta. Spikelets \ in. long, mostly solitary and distant . 18. H. tamianyikensiy. 1. H„ aristata, It. Br. Prod. 474. Small pubescent shrub, S-o(> in. high. Leaves 1-2 by ^-1 in., ovate, narrowed at both ends; petiole 0-f in. long. Heads globose, axillary, distant, of numerous one- flowered spikelets, frequently with reduced petioled leaves J in. long ; upper heads not running into linear or oblong inflorescences. Spike- lets with 4 free bracts ; 2 outer opposite, 4- in. long, oblong, with a subulate scabrous tail \ in. long; inner bracts (bracteoles) lateral, l-l in. long, oblong. Sepals nearly free. Corolla | in. in total length. Filaments and style nearly glabrous. Capsule J in. long, glabrous ; seeds 4, smooth. — Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 500 ; T. Anders, in Journ Linn. Soc. vii. 4S ; Lindau in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. o B. 3S3, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. ;)71. Justicia arisiata, Vahl, Syml). ii. 2. Mozamb. I>ist. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, ex Lindau; Ulncruru, Stuhlmann, 9128 1 British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Nyika Mouarains, 4000- 6000 ft., Whtfte ! Also in South Africa, 2. H. antennifera, iS. .Uom-e in Journ. Bot. 1880, 41. Leaves up to 4 by 2 in. Outer bracts A-1 in. long. Corolla 1 in. long or rather more; otherwise as //. arisiata. — Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, iJot. ii. o4G; Lindau in Engl, c^' Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 H. :{;;;], :tnd in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 371. //. aristatu, var. macrophylla,. Nees in DC. Prod. xi. r)10, //. plumosa, Drege, Zwei. Pfl. Docum. 153, 159, name only. Wile Xiand. British East Africa : Taita ; Ndi Mountain, llildehraudt, 2563 1 and Maungu Mountain, 2000 ft., Johnston ! Lykipia, 60-80U0 ft., Thomson .' VOL V * 246 xcviii. ACANTHACE^ (clarke). [Ili/poestes. Ukairba, 5000-6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6485! West of Lake Albert, Stuhlmann, 3009! ItCozaml). Blst. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 6000 it., Johnston, 165! Usambara ; Kwa Mshuza, HoLst, 8918 \ British East Africa : Nyasaland ; between Mpata and Tangranyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ft., Whyte ! Kondowe to Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte ! Masuka Plateau, 6500-7000 ft., Whyte, 307 ! Nvika Moun- tains, 4000-6000 ft., Whyte! Nyika Plateau, 6000-7000 ft., Whyte! Also in South Africa. S. Moore says that in Hildehrandt, 2563, the seeds are tuberculate ; I find them smooth. o. H. insularis, 1\ AncUrs. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 49. Very sparsely hairy. Branches 15 in. long. Leaves G hy 2 J in., thinly hairy on the nerves and margin ; petiole | in. long. Heads globose, axillary, distant, of numerous 1 -flowered spikelets; upper heads hardly running into oblong inflorescences. Spikelets with 4 bracts ; 2 outer opposite, \ in. loilg, with a subulate scabrous tail \ in. long. Sepals nearly free. Corolla 1 in. in total length, purple. Filaments thick, nearly glabrous, minutely scabrous. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Kio del Rey, Johnston! Cameroon Mountain, 2500 ft., Mann, 1931 ! Fernando Po, Mann, 179 ! Xio^rer Guinea. Gaboon ; Como River, Bates, 482 ! Closely allied to //. aristata, K. Br. 4. H. Staudtii, Lindau in Engl. Jahrh. xxii. 122. Leaves 5 by 2 in., nearly glabrous. Heads numerous, approximated in the upper part of the branches. Corolla about f in. long. Capsule nearly glabrous ; seeds 4, smooth ; otherwise as H. insularis. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Yaunde, 2500 ft., Zenker Sf Sfaudt, 36 ! Possibly a variety of H. insularis, T, Anders. 5. H. Barter!, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 49. Minutely pubescent. Leaves up to 0 by 2J in., glabrate or minutely hairy on the nerves ; petiole up to | in. long. Spikes simple or panicles linear, axillary and terminal, often 2 J by J in. and lax, sometimes 5 by | in. com- pound, denser and long-peduncled. Spikelets of 2 bracts, 2 bracteoles and 1 purple-red flower; 2 bracts opposite, free, | in. long, oblong, with a subulate tail ^ in. long. Sepals free. Corolla | in. long. Filaments and pistil glabrous. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 333. LI. triticea, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 51, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. ?)33. Upper Guinea. Lagos: Eppah, on the Kradu Lagoon, Barter, 3285! and without precise locality, Millen, 35 of 1896 collection ! Cameroons : Victoria, Buch- holz ! Preuss, 1164! 6. H. cancellata, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. oUo. More or less hairy. Stems up to 2 ft. long, geniculate. Leaves up to 2 by J" in., oblong, narrowed at either end ; cystoliths transverse, not conspicuous ; petiole 0-J- in. long. Heads mainly terminal (a few axillary added) up to li by I in., very dense, in congested panicles, prominently yellow-hispid ; Hypoestes.\ xcviii. acanthace.+: (clarke). 247 outer floral leaves narrow, hardly imbricate. Spikelets I - flowered ; bracts free, '2 outer \-]^ in. long, oblong, with a linear tail /^-] in. long. Corolla |-J in. long, red. Pollen oblong-ellijjsoid, more elongate than in the preceding species. Capsule | in. long, very slender ; seeds 4, small, tubercled. — Benth. in Hook. Niger Fi. \X\. II. callicoiaa, 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 41 ; Lindau in Engl. &l Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. :) B. 3o;5. Justicia cancellata^ Willd. ex Xees in DC. Prod. xi. r)06. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : Wallia, Scott -Elliot^ 1265 I Lester Peak, Scott-Elliot, 3843 ! and without precise locality, Afzelius ! wrile Xiand. Bongo : AtUlai, Schweinfurth, 2525 ! Iioinrer Guinea. Angola : Bembe Mountain, Monteiro ! Malange, Marques, 312! South Central. Lunda : Alukenge, Po('». Justkin triflora, Forsk. Fl. .-Egypt .-Arab. 4 ; Vahl, Synib. i. 3. Upper Guinea. Canieroons : Buea, (i500-800O ft., Prems, 732 ! 745 ! Cameroon Mountain, 7000 ft., Mann, 1979 ! Fernando Po. 5000 ft., Ma»n, 580! Nile Iiand. Eritrea: iSaganeiti, in Goua Gorge, G800-7100 ft., Schtcfiufurth 4' Riva, 1290! Abyssinia, Salt! Pearce ! Schimper. 108! 149! 340! 386! 389! 418! 600! 611! 926 I 934! 939! 1104! 1111! 1491! 1985! 2818! Quarfin- Dillon Sc Petit I Petit! Both, 484^1 British East Africa : Huwenzori, 5000-6(.HX> ft., Scott-Elliot, 7856 ! 8000-9000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 7560 ! Extending eastward to India. 248 xcviii. ACANTHACE.t: (clarke). H.ciliata, Lindau, is described as having the calyx divided only half-way down, but I find it divided to tlu; base in the type speciinen. K. adocnsis, Solm3-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. Ill, is said to be Diclipicra roxljurghiana , Nees. This latter is a typical Diclipfera, abundant in Indin, and though not yet known from 'JVopical Africa, several of the Tropical African Dirliptercs are very near it. If, however, Hiipoextes (idoeusis^ Solnis-Lauh., was really one of these, it was not con- generic even with Hypoeslcs aducn.sis, A. Rich. 8. H. phaylopsoides, >S'. Moore in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Hot. iv. 84. Two outer bracts of the spikelet unequal, lower often 2 ^Y \ ii^-j elongate-obovate, upper \ in. long, otherwise as H. trifora. — Lindau in Eng. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. o71. //. kilimandsdiarica , Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xix. Leibl. No. 47, 47, and in Engl. Pfi. Ost-Afr. C. 'M\. XMEozamb. Blst. Gennan East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 3300 ft., Volkens,\^Q'i ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland, Masuka Plateau, 6500-7000 ft., JVhi/te ! Mount Mlanje, mij/te, 126 I This species is very near the large-leaved states of //. injlora, but the lower bract to spikelet is broader and leaflike. 9. H, rosea, JJeauv. Fl. Oioar. ii. (57, t. 100, Jic/. 1. Sparsely hairy or glabrate. Upper leaves Ih by | in., ovate, acuminate, short- petioled ; lower leaves up to (Ji by 2| in. with a petiole Ij in. long. Heads of 1-5 1 -flowered spikelets, terminal or axillary, sessile or peduncled ; floral leaves narrow oblong, usually much shorter than the spikelet, sometimes ^ by ^^^ in. Outer 2 bracts of spikelet free, J- A in. long, oblong, narrowed in the upper half. Corolla | in. in total length, rose ; otherwise nearly as JI. trijiora. — Nees in L)C. Prod. xi. 500 ; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 484. //. conscmgulnea, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. ."iO, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ;» B. ?>?)?>. Upper Guinea. Togoland, Bilttner, 315! Klin stopples. Pistil glabrous in the type form ; sometimes with a few hairs near the top of the ovary and on the base of the style. Cap- sule I in. long, those seen 2-seeded ; seeds smooth. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 163 ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 49 ; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 111,24;) ; B. Br. in Salt, Abyss. Apj^end. (;2 ; Xees in DC. Prod. xi. 507 ; Zarb, Cat. Spec. Bot. Pfund. ;)2 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 394 ; Lindau in Engl, tk Prantl. Pflanzen- fam. iv. :] B. 3;)o, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 371, and in Ann. I.^tit. Bot. Boma, vi. (1S96) 81. //. annua, Steud. Nomencl. ed. '1. i. 791. H. Rothii, T.Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 49. Justicia panicvlaUt, Forsk. Fl. ^^gypt.-Arab. 4. ,/. Forskalei, Yahl, Symb. i. 2. Wile Ziand. Kordofan : Abou Hefe, Pj'und. Kritrea : Keren, Stctiduer, 1524 I 1529 : Kazen, 8000 ft., Rohlfs Sf Sleeker ! Habab, 7000 ft., Hildehrandt, 456 ! Abyssinia, widely spread, b(i00-9000 it., Schimper, 29! 35! 241 \ 350 1 390! 405! 1861 ! Roth, 485 ! Petit ! Salt ! Pearce ! Plowden ! Somaliland : Berbera. Riva, 111! between Lafaru and Herer, Riva, 29! Danna Torrent. i?n-ff, S38 1 Ogaden. Robecclu, 241 ! 246 ! 257 ! Iioiver Guinea. Angola : Huilla, Newton, 120 I Antunes, 84 ! Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa : Xyasaland. Kondowe to Karongii , 2000-6000 ft., 7^'%^'^'.' Also in Arabia. This plant is also said to grow on Kilimanjaro by Lindau ; but, as it has bfcn cun- sidered merely a ghibrescent form of H. verticilldris, K. Br., it is not possible to separate out either the synonymy or the distribution completely. The plant above referred here from Nyasaland may belong: to II. rerlicinaris, K. Hr., var. ijlahra, S. Moore. 13. H. Hildebrandtii, Lindau in Emjl Jahrh. xx. 4S. Stt>ms, and nearly the whole plant, densely and minutely canescent. Leaves 250 xcviii. ACANTHACEiE (clarke). [Hypoestcs. oblong, or naiTOw-elliptic, obtuse ; otherwise as II. Forskalei. — Engl. cV: Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 833, and in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. 1896, 81. wile I.and. Eritrea : Saganeiti, 7000 ft., Schweinfurtk Sf Riva, 1209 ! 1716 ! Mount Kube, 6000 ft., Schweinfurtk ^ Uiva, 1515! Somaliland : Golis Range, ^Irs, Lort- Phillips ! Miss JSdith Cole ! Dononati, Riva, 415 ! Barasi Desert, Rivu, 1435 ! Lrtferug, James ^ Thnipp ! Ahl Mountains, 6500 ft., Hildebrandt, 860d '. Serrut Mountains, near Maid, Hildebrandt, 1405 ! Milmil, Donaldson Smith ! Harai , Rohecchi, 4 ! Ogaden Steppe, Keller, 181 ! '' Sweet-scented : all over the hills," Mrs. Lort-Fhillips. 14. H. xnlanjensis, C. B. Clarke. Pubescent. Calyx \ in. long, minutely puberulous, white, rather firm ; sepals united § their length ; otherwise as H. Forskalei. — II. verticillaris, S. Moore in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. 34, partly. If lie Ibanda British East Africa : Ukamba, Gregory ! Mozaxnb. Sist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Mount Mlanje, 6000 ft., Whyte, 151 ! 15. H. verticillaris, R. Br. Prod. 474, in ohs. Stem and leaves hairy or nearly glabrous. Two outer connate bracts with few or many long white spreading hairs. Seeds 4 or 2 to the capsule ; otherwise as H. Fm'skalei, R. Br. — Nees in Linnsea, xv. 37G, and in DC. Prod. xi. 507 ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 48 ; Balf. f. in Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin. xxxi. 229 ; S. Moore in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. 34, partly ; Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. (53, t. 2, fig. 73, and in Engl. iV: Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 333, fig. 134, A-C, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost- Afr. C. 371 ; Rendle in Journ. Bot. 1896, 411. H. latifolia, Hochst. ex Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 509; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 484; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 50 ; Solms-Laub. in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. Ill ; Lindau in Engl. &l Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 333, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 371. H. mollis, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 49 ; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 3G3 ; Lindau in Engl, k Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 333. II. echioides, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 52, and in Engl, tk Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 333, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 371. Justida verticillaris, Linn. f. Suppl. 85. Dicliptera verticillaris, Juss. in Ann. Mus. Paris, ix. (1807) 208. Upper Guinea. Senegal, Leprieur ! Perrottet, 621 ! Senegambia, Heudelot, 552! Sierra Leone, Afzelius! Togoland, Alafanyo, Krau.fe ! Ashanti^ Cummins, 66! Lagos, Millen, 54 ! Cross River, Johnston ! Cameroons : Rio del Rey, Johnston 1 Wile Xiand. Kordofan, Kotschy, 296 ! 477 ! White Nile, Schiveinfurth, 1058 ! 1066 ! Galabat : Matamma, Schweinf urth, 128 ! Somaliland, Keller, 182 ! 184 ! British East Africa : Torn, East of Ruwenzori, in Wimi Valley, 7000 ft., Scott-Ellioty 7880 ! 7899 ! Lykipia, Thomson ! Gregory ! Kapte Plateau, 5000-6000 ft., Thomson ! Ukamba, Hildebrandt, 2715 ! Scott-Elliot, 6474 I Tana River, Donaldson Smith ! Nyika country near Mombasa, Wakefield ! Jtorwer Guinea. Congo, Smith! Angola: Ambriz, Monteiro I Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 5118 ! 5142 I 5144 ! Soutb Central. Lunda : Lulua River, Pogge, 309 ! Mozamb. ]>l8t. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, 3300 ft., Volkens, 1652,1664 ! Ilypoestes.^ xcviii. acanthaoe.*: (clarke). 251 Smith ! Usambara ; Umba Valley, Smith ! Muoa, Hoist, 2987 ! 3075 \ Masbeua, Hoist, 3492 ! 8858 ! Kwa Msbuza, Hoist, 9148 ! Usaranio ; Ukwcre district, 160 ft., Stuhlmann, 8386 ! Ugalla River, Boehm, 279 ! Lower Plateau, nortli of Lake NvHsa, Thomson 1 Lake Tanganyika, Cameron! Kavala Island in Lake Tanganyika, Carson! Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi : Lupata, Kirk ! Lower Valley of the River Shire, Metier! British Central Africa : Urungu; Fwambo, Carson, 7jO\ !i3 I Sutt ! Nyasaland; between Mpata and Tanganyika Plateau, Whyte ! Tanganyika Plateau at Fort Hill, Whyte! North Nyasa, Whyte! Nyika Plateau, 6000-7000 tl., Whyte ! Kondowe to Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte! Mount Chiradzulu, MeHer, 4000 ft., Whyte! Shire Highlands, 5z ft. high. Leaves, up to 5 by IJ in., broad-lanceolate, acuminate at either end, somewhat hispidulous ; petiole | in. long. Spikes terminal and quasi- axillary, IJ by J in. ; bracts \ in. long, or rather more, orbicular, with a few long white hairs, and broad white margins ; bracteoles nearlv linear. Corolla hardly ^ in. long, pale purple (6*. Mann). One anther- cell clearly lower than the other, not tailed ; pollen as of /.'. yraiuHs. Capsule \ in. long, nearly glabrous, except the tip, sometimes 4-seeded ; placentae rising elastically from the base; seeds papillose, hardly tubercled. — R. jyuhescens^ T. Anders. MS. Justicia paxiana, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. Go, and in Engl, ct Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. o B. 850. Iio-vtrer Guinea. Cameroons: Buea, 3500 ft., Preuss, 9561 Cameroon Moun- tain, 3000-4000 ft., Mann, 1968 ! Fernando Po, 3000 ft., Mann, 588 ! Lindau has redistributed the species of Rung ia, Justicia, Himantochilus;, &c., by the pollen; the Diclipterold group have " Spangen (banded) pollen," the .Tusticioid have " Knotchen (tubercled) pollen." He attributes to Rungia " placenraj arising elastically from capsule-base," while nothing is said under the genus Justicia re- garding this character. Under this system, Rungia pubescens, T. Anders., appears S).& Justicia paxiana, \j\iidi-An', Rungia grandis, 'i\ Awders., is returned to Kevv from Berlin marked Justicia grandis (T. Anders.), Lindau; Rungia (?) pubinervia. T. Anders., is published as Himantochilus marginatus, Lindau. Per contrn, Justicia tedella, T. Anders., is called Rungia Baumannii, Lindau. The "banded'' pollen appears to me separable by no definite line from the tubercled pollen ; the smooth bands (in the centre of which are the pores) have often " obsolete" rows of marks or dots which (in adjacent species) are slightly stronger and reckoned as tubercles. If Rungia grandis and R. pubescens, T. Anders., are transferred to Juslicia, the genus Rrnigia must be abandoned altogether. 3. R. Buettneri, Luulau in Emjl. Jahrb. xx. 46. Leaves 4 by Ij in., narrowed at both ends, upper surface puberulous, finally glabi-ate ; 254 xcviii. ACANTHACE.E (clarke). [Bungia. petiole 1 in. long. Spikes terminal and quasi-axillary, unilateral ; bracts nearly J in. long, ovate, hyaline-edged, apiculate or long-cuspi- date. Calyx I in. long, unequally 5-fid, hairy. Corolla J in. long. One anther-cell lower than the other, tailed ; pollen " banded " and also minutely tubercled. Capsule small, puberulous ; dissepiments separ- ating ; seeds tubercled. — Lindau in Engl. &. Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. upper Guinea. Cameroons : Yaunde, Zenker Sf Siaudt, 189 ! Soutb Central. Cong^o Free State : in thickets by the River Ganga, near the town of Muene Putu Kasongo, Bilttner^ 456 ! Not in " Gaboon- Loango," as stated by Lindau ; see Proc. Royal Geograph. Soc. 1886, p. 635. 4. R. congoensis, C. B. Clarke. Branches 1 foot long, minutely pubescent. Leaves 8 by 1 in., obtuse, glabrate, base attenuate; petiole J in. long. Spikes terminal and many quasi-axillary, up to Ij by nearly J in. ; bract orbicular, J in. in diam., minutely pubescent, with a broad hyaline margin. Sepals 5, subequal, ^^ in. long, linear. Corolla small, hardly exceeding J in. in length (not seen well expanded). Capsule l-| in. long ; placentae rising elastically from the base of the valves ; seeds minutely tuberculate. Iiower Guinea. Lower Congo: Lukungu, 700 ft., Hens, 330! Smith, 64! This has been supposed possibly to be Rungia repens, Nees, a common weed in India; but the seeds differ, and the numerous axillary spikes give it a different aspect. 57. MACRORUNGIA, C. B. Clarke. Sepals 5, united half-way up, or nearly free, coloured, scarious, free portions broad-lanceolate. Corolla red ; tube scarcely \ in. long ; anticous lip 1 in. or more, without in the bud, sub-.S-fid or subentire ; posticous lip broader, emarginate. Stamens 2 ; filaments long exserted, glabrous ; anther-cells 2, oblong, muticous, one placed a little below the other ; pollen ellipsoid, with 2 stopples and several rows of minute tubercles, obscurely banded. Capsule ovoid ; placentae rising elastically fiom the base of the valves ; seeds obscurely cerebrose-marked. — Shrubs, nearly glabrous. Leaves entire. Flowers in spikes; bract ovate, narrowly hyaline-edged ; bracteoles 0, or narrow. Species, besides the subjoined, 1 in South Africa. From the fruit, Macrorungia must stand next Rung la or be sunk in it. The corolla is very unlike that of Riingia, as is the comparatively large tubular hyaline calyx. The spikes are looser than in Rungia, less strobilate, the bracts not (or most obscurely) 4-ranked, some of them (not those in one definite rank) empty. The distinction between Anisotes and Macrorungia lies in the elastic rising of the placentae in the ripe capsule in Macrorungia. Lindau has placed his Symplectochilvs Macrorungia.'] xcviii. acanthace.« (clarke). 2r)5 next Buvernoia, i.e., Adhatoda, but I rather guess from the inflorescence that the fruit (which I have not seen) will prove to be that of Macrorungia. Leaves 6 in. long, when young densely piibescent beneath 1. M. puhinervia. Leaves up to 12 in. long, glabrous . . . .2. M. macrophylln. Leaves less than 2 in, long, nearly glabrate 3. M. forvw.sis.sima. 1. M. pubinervia, C. B. Clarke. Leaves H by 'J}, in., narrowed at both ends, when young densely grey pubescent on the nerves beneath, finally glabrate ; petiole 1 in. long. Spikes all axillary, short-ped uncled, ?)-8-flowered, J-lj in. long, lax, hardly strobilate ; bract J- J in. long, ovate or obovate. Calyx I in. long, tubular for J its length, minutely pubescent, pinkish. Corolla 1 J in. long, red-purple. Pistil glabrous ; stigma minutely 2-fid. Capsule l-l in. long. — Runyia (?) pubiveinna, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 40. Himantochilus vtajy/inotus, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. GO, and in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. S B. 346. //. jmbhierviu^, Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. :^.73. nSozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Usambara ; Kwa Mshuza, Hoist, 9063 ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Mount Chiradzulu, Kirk ! 4000 ft,, Whijte ! 2. M. macrophylla, C, B. Clarke. Leaves up to 12 by r> in., narrowed at both ends, glabrous ; petiole 1-2 in. long. Inflorescences axillary, short, dense, peduncled ; bracts ;? by J in., ovate, acuminata, imbricate. Calyx | in. long, tubular at the base; teeth I- in. long, lanceolate, finely hairy. Corolla-tube |- in. long ; upper lip 1 .'j in. long. Stamens and pistil of the genus. — Himantochilus macrophi/lhis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 00, in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ?^ B. :i40. and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 372. South Central, Congo Free State : in Forest west of the Isango or Semliki River, Stuhlman, 2938 ! o. M. (?) formosissima, C. B. Clarke. Leaves 1^, by 'I in., elliptic, nearly glabrate ; petiole I in, long. Spikes on short axillary branches, li--^ by J in., loosely strobilate; bract i by \ in., elliptic, acute, strongly "5 -ribbed, and puberulous ; bracteoles J in. long, linear. Calyx subequally and deeply o-fid ; segments j in. long, narrow- lanceo- late, pubescent. Corolla nearly 2 in. long, narrow, red ; anticous lip more than 1 in. long, linear. Stamens 2: filaments long, glabrous; one anther-cell much below the other, shortly tailed ; pollen ellipsoid, smooth, with 2 stopples, completely banded. Pistil glabrous, except for a few hairs near the base of the style ; style shortly and subequally 2-fid ; ovules 2 in each cell. — Adhatoda for modssima, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 215. S]/mplectochilvfi fortnosissimiis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 45, and in Engl. &: Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ;; H. :'.:?9, fig. 107, F, and 1:^5, H, and in Engl, Pfl. Ost-Afr, C. :;72, Mozamb. Dlst. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi : 8enH, Peters I Tete, Kirk! British Central Africa: Nyasaland. Buchanan, \\01\ 200 XCVIII. ACANTHACE.E (cLARKE). [JJicHptera. 58. DICLIPTERA, Juss. ; Benth. et Hook. f. (^en. PI. ii. 1120. Sepals T), equal, small, linear, pubescent, hardly united at the base. Corolla rose-purple to white, deeply 2-lipped ; tube not or slightly inflated ; anticous lip o-fid, without in the bud : posticous lip entire or emarginate. Stamens 2 ; anther-cells 2, one above the other, muticous ; pollen ellipsoid, smooth, with o (or 2) bands and stopples. Ovules 2 in each cell ; style with 2 subeqiial very short lobes. Capsule small, ovoid, sessile or very shortly compressed, 4- or 2-peeded; placentae arising elastically from the base of the capsule-valves ; seeds discoid, dotted with glochidiitte tubercles, sometimes elongate, sometimes short- ened to warts or obsolete. — Herbs. Leaves entire. Spikelets 2-1- (rarely 3-) flowered, in heads or scattered ; bracts to the two flowers subopposite, enclosing the calyx, from linear to ovate ; bracteoles 2 to each flower, lanceolate, shorter than the bract, longer than the calyx. Species 60 ; in the tropical and subtropical regions of both hemispheres. This genus is grounded on the elastically rising placentae j and in rouch of the material without ripe capsules, the plants are put in Dicliptera by inference. When Bentham (in Benth, et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1121) states the bracts and sepals to be sometimes united, it must be recollected that many of the specimens which passed through his hands as Dicliptera were really Hypoestes', in which genus the structure of the spikelet is exactly as that of Dicliptera *Bracts to the spikelet linear or narrow-lanceolate, not widened upwards. Branches with prickles on the angles . . . \. D. aculeata. Branches without prickles, hairy . . . . '1. D. Carvalhoi. Branches without prickles, glabrous . . . 3. J>. lingnlaia. **Bracts to the spikelet wider, ovate or obovate or obovate-lanceolate. Spikelets solitary or laxly approximated. Axillary peduncles long ; pedicels mostly long . -1. D. maculata. Cymes short, forming axillary clusters . . .5. D. laxata. Spikelets alternate on a zigzag spike Spikelets densely clustered in ovoid heads. Bracts to the spikelet broad, ovate or round obovate. Corolla exceeding 1 in. in length . . . 1 . D. Corolla about ■, in. long . . . . . 8. 2). Bracts to the spikelet oblong or lanceolate, wider at the top. Heads of spikelets many axillary. Bracts of spikelets green, hairy. Leaves narrowed at the base. Heads of spikelets very dense . Heads of spikelets loose . Leaves cordate Bracts glabrescent Bracts brown, more or less purplish Bracts whitish, green-nerved Heads of spikelets mostly peduncled, api: terminal. Leaves elliptic ; heads small . Leaves narrow-oblong ; heads in an oblong spike 16. D. Melleri, 6. D. aJ tertians. mossam h icensis. HjUiotii. . . 9. D. micranthes. . 10. D. umhellata. . 11. D. Welwitschii. . 12. D. angolensis. . 13. D. colorata. . 14. D. Leonotis. peartng . 15. D. nilotica. Dicliptera.] xcviii. acantiiace.« (clarke). 257 1. D. aculeata, (\ B. Clarke. Stems hispid, prickly on the angles. Leaves (upper only seen) 2 by \ in., oblong, acute, scabrous or nearly glabrato, base obtuse; petiole short. Heads ovoid, of 'l-\'l spikelets, terminal and on short axillary peduncles, sparsely and minutely hispid. Lower bract to the spikelet up to '\ by ^.r in., linear-lanceolate, long mucronate, nearly glabrous. Calyx | in. long. Corolla § in. long. Filaments hairy ; one anther-cell completely over the other ; stopples of pollen very large. Pistil glabrous. nZozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Nyasaluid ; Nyika Plateau, 4000- 7000 It., W/n/te ! Fort Hill, 4300-4600 ft., IVhi/ie ! 2. D. Carvalhoi, Lindau in Enlst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Masuka Plateau, 6500- 7000 ft., ir/ii/te ! 0. D. alternans, Liudmi in Engl. Jahrh. xx. 4-7. Stem weak, sparingly hairy. Leaves '2\ by 1 in., elliptic, suddenly narrowed at either end, nearly glabrous ; petiole ^,-J in. long. Spike terminal ; spikelets alternate, solitary, -,V-| in. apart, in the axil of one of two opposite unequal minute floral leaves ; two bracts to the spikelet subequal, \ by yy in., elliptic, subobtuse, green-veined, nearly glabrous. Corolla nearly h in. long. Capsule ^ in. long, somewhat pubescent ; placentae rising elastically from the base of the capsule. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : \^\\qz, Frenss, QOi\ 7. D. mossambicensis, Klotzsch in Peters, Jteise Mossamh. Bot. 220. Stems 2-0 ft. long, 4-angular, white on the angles, glabrous or shaggy white-hairy. Leaves 1 by J in. {Klotzsch). Heads of spikelets rather dense, subglobose, axillary and terminal. Two bracts of the spike - ]et ?j-l by \—]i in., ovate, acute, mucronate, hairy, sometimes one of thel^wo much larger. Sepals 5, J in. long, hairy. Corolla | in. long. Stamens 2 ; anther-cells 2, one completely over the other. Capsule \ in. long, hairy on the margin ; placentae rising elastically from the base of the capsule-valves. — Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 871. IVIozaml). I>ist. German East Africa : Rovuma River, KirJc ! Portuguese East Africa : Mozambique, Klotzsch ! Lower Zambesi ; Shupanga, Stewart ! Lower Sl)ire Valley ; Makanga Mountain, Scott ! None of the examples seen have any leaves. 8. D. Elliotii, C. B. Clarke. Stems G-8 in. long, glabrate. Leaves H by f in., ovate, acuminate at either end, nearly glabrous; petiole I In. long. Heads of spikelets rather dense, subglobose, axillary and terminal. Two bracts of the spikelet | in. long and broad, round-obovate, hairy, shortly white ciliate on the margin. Corolla about 4- in. in total length. Capsule \ in. long, hairy on the margin ; placentae rising elastically from the base of the capsule- valves. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : shady places by the Scarcies River, at Wallia, Scott-Elliot, 4G32 ! Itower Guinea. Congo, Smith, 8 ! 64 ! 0. D. micranthes, Xees in Wall. PL As. Par. iii. 112. Stems 1-2 f^. long, fi-angular, angles Avhitened, glabrous or sparsely hairy upwards. Leaves 3 by 1 J in., elliptic, narrowed at both ends, glabrous Dlcliptercc] xcviii. acantiiace.e (clarke). 250 or nearly so; petiole l-H in. long. Spikelets in dense globose heads ^-J in. diam., terminal and many axillary, extending often to the lower axils. Two bracts of the spikelet J-J in. long, obovate-lanceolate, suddenly narrowed into a spineseent mucro, green, minutely liairy, witl» much or little (usually with much) long white spreading hair added ; bracteoles rather shorter than the bract, linear. Sepals 5, ^-J in. long, linear, hairy. Corolla J-^ in. long. Capsule J in. long, sparingly hairy ; seeds (often 4) tubercled. — Nets in DC. Prod. xi. 484; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 159 ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 47 ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 553 ; Lindau in Engl. |-, Schimper, 806 ! IMCozamb. I>ist. German East Africa : Fischer, 480 I British Central Africa : Lake Nyasa; Lukoma (Likoma Island ?), Bellingham ! Also found in India. 10. D. umbellata, Juss. in Ann. Mus. Par. ix. (1807) 208. Heads lax, running into terminal spikes. Two bracts of the spikelet longer, more unequal, lower often J-J in. long ; otherwise nearly as D. micranthes. — Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 484; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 4S4. I), maculata, var. seriegambica, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 4.'S5. D. usambarlca, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xx. 47, and in Engl.^tt Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 B. 333, and in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 371. JJ. verticillaris, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 47 • S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 362, not of Juss. Justicia umbellata, Valil, Enum, i. 111. Upper Guinea. Senegambia: Brava Island, 5/-?<«Mer .' Sierra Leone: Smeath- inan ! Afzelius .' Lagos, Barter, 20176 ! Cameroons : Yaunde, Zenker, 642 \ Iiower Guinea. Congo : Jeyanga and Mpoka, Burton ! and without precise locality, Smith! Angola: Mossamedes, WeUcitsch, 4:\)m \ 5133! 51661 IVXozamb. I>ist. German East Africa: Usambara ; Kwa Mshuza, 50eX) ft., Moist, 8914a ! Uluguru, Stuhhr.ann, 9170 ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; between Songwe River and Karonga, 1700-2000 ft., Whyte, 28 ! It may be doubted whether this is more than a wet-country form of D. micranthes. It is greener, less woolly, and rather larger in ail its parts. 11. D. 'Welwitschii, *S'. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 302. liranches 6-angular, minutely pubescent. Leaves 2^ by Ij in., cordate-ovate, acute, sparsely and minutely hispid; petiole I in. long; lower leaves 5 in. long, ovate, acute at both ends in Pogge, 4218. Heads terminal and many axillary, ovoid, |-1 in. in diam. Two bracts -^ in. long, broad-lanceolate, acute, hispid. Calyx I in. long. Corolla 1 in. long. Filaments glabrous ; one anther-cell completely over the other. I.ower Guinea. Angola : Huilla, Welwifs-h, 5015 ! South Central. Lunda : Lomani Kiver, Pogge, 4218 ! Allied to D. umbellata, Juss., but larger. i^GO xcviii. ACANTHAC'E.K (rLAUKE), [JJicHptei'a. 12. D. angolensis, *S'. Mocn'e in Journ. Bot. 1880, 3G2. Stem G-angulai-, glabrous or in places hispid. Leaves IJ by | in., ovate- lanceolate, minutely hispid or glabrate ; petiole | in. long. Heads terminal and axillary, ovoid ^-1 in. diam. Two bracts of the spikelet § in. long, obovate-lanceolate, apiculate, slightly pubescent or nearly glabrate (margins thinly ciliate), somewhat coriaceous. Calyx I in. long. Corolla | in. long. Filaments glabrous; one anther-cell completely above the other. Ziower Guinea. Angola : Golungo Alto and Bumba, 3000-7500 ft., TFelwifsch, 5116, 5132 ! 5168 ! Huilla, Antunes, 142, 179 ! Tliis is very close to D. umbellata, Jass. ; but the heads are much less hairy than in any example of that species. 13. D. colorata, C. B. Clarke. Angles of branches G, patently hispid. Leaves up to 2 by 1^ in., ovate, acute, sparsely hispid, base rounded or sometimes subcordate : petiole ^in. long. Heads terminal and many axillary, ovoid, |-1 in. in diam. Tv/o bracts of the spikelet }j by ^ in., lanceolate, mucronate, dark-brown or purplish- brown (even before the expansion of the corolla), with spreading white hairs. Corolla J in. long. Filaments hairy ; one anther-cell completely over the other. Pistil glabrous but for a few scattered hairs on the style. Nile Iiand. British East Africa: Raomi River, 7000 ft., Scd/t-EUiot, 6766! Mozamb. Bist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland : Nyika Plateau, 6000- 7000 ft., Whyie! Tlie brown or purple-brown bracts give tliis plant a marked look, but it is very near D. umbellata. 14. D. LeonotiSy Dalz. ex C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. r)")^. Stems G-8-angular, pubescent. Leaves up to o by 1 in., elliptic lanceolate, pubescent. Heads globose, dense, axillary and approximated towards the ends of the branches. Two bracts of the spikelet J-^ by xV~iV ^^-^ lanceolate, o-nerved, pubescent. Corella exceeding | in. in length. Filaments glabrous; one anther-cell com- pletely above the other. Mozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland : Blantyre, very plentiful on the banks of streams and in shady places, Buchanan, 127 1 near Sekwere Village, Kirk ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 568 I Also in India. In the Nyasaland example.?, the plants are rather stronger, the leaves more hairy, the heads larger than in the Bombay examples ; but the differences hardly suffice to characterise a geographic form. 1"). D. nilotica, C. B. Clarke. Plants 4-8 in. long; branches angular, pubescent. Leaves up to 2 by | in., elliptic-oblong, hardly acute, minutely hairy ; petiole J in. long. Heads dense, small (hardly I in. in diam.), terminal, or the axillary heads mostly peduncled (ter- uiinal or shortened lateral branches) ; floral leaves linear-oblong. Two bracts of the spikelet \-\ in. long, narrowly obovate-oblong, hairy. (Jalyx hardly J in. long. Corolla j in. long ; lips unusually broad. Dicliptera.] xcviii. acanthace.k (clarke). 201 Filiiments glabrous, one anther-cell completely above the other. D. bupkitroides, T. Thorns, in Sj)eke, Nile, Append. (144. JJidiptera, sp. neiu^ D. buplenroides, OMv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. loU. J), knme- runensis, Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 121 (?). wile Ziand. Ikitish East Africa: Madi, Oranf ! Moru district, at Wayo, Petherick ! Lindau's D. kamerunensis is Passanje, 128, from tlie Cainerooiis. The species of tlie present group are all of them near D. hupleuroides, and D. roxhurghiana, Noes ; but why Dr. 'I'homson and Prof. Oliver thought the present plant specially near D. Impleuroiden is not so clear ; the heads have not the axillary character seen in D. hupleuroideH ; the reduced narrow upper leaves make the inflorescence .ippear like heads in a terminal panicle. 1(5. D. Melleri, Iiolfe in Gates, Mataheleland, eel. 2, 4ur>. Branches pubescent, finally glabrate. Leaves 1 J by \ in., narrowed at both ends, glabrate ; petiole 0-yV in. long. Heads of flowers nearly all a})proximated into a terminal oblong compound spike, up to :> by h in. Lower bract to spikelet J by jV-J in., lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, with spreading white hairs; bract to upper flower similar but shorter. Calyx I in. long. Corolla | in. long. Filaments glabrous, minutely hairy in the lower part ; one anther-cell completely above the other. Capsule I in. long, hispid at the top, ovoid, flattened, 2-seeded ; placentae rising elastically from the base of the valves. Seeds papillose, hardly tubercled. Mozaxnb. Dist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland : between Blantyre and Matope, 2500 ft., Scott ! Mount Chiradzulu, Meller ! and without precise locality, Buchanan ! Matabeleland, Oate.s ! Imperfectly hnoimi species. 17. Duvemoia Descaxnpsiiy Dewi'vre in Comptes-rendvs >Soc, Hot. Bely. xxxiii. (1895), 104 {name only). Mozaml). Sist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Karonga, Descamps ! There are authentic flowers of this in the Berlin Herbarium, whence it is seen to be a Dicliptera, with narrow-lanceolate bracts to the spikelet. Of doubtful position. 59. HIERNIA, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, 190. Calyx tubular- cam panulate, with 5 long narrow teeth. Corolla-tube somewhat curved, widening very gradually upwards ; lobes spreading, ovate, very obtuse, imbricate in the bud, one lobe entirely witliin, the two posterior somewhat united. .Stamens 4, inserted on the corolla - tube, didynamous ; anthers composed of one anther-lobe, in the bud folded upon the filaments, lying inside and parallel to them, acute at the free end and dehiscing by a short slit, which commences at the free en, 197, ^. 211. A spreading shrub. Branches rigid, somewhat rectangular, pubescent. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, rather obtuse, scabrid on both surfaces, 2^- 14 lin. long, J-r) lin. broad, the midrib alone prominent. Calyx 4 lin. long, with conspicuous puberulous veins. Corolla-tube 5-G lin. long. Capsule 4 lin. long. — Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. ;> B. 288. Jto-wer Guinea. Angola, in woods near Quitive de Cima, Wehcilsch, 5001 ! Daniaraland, Een I Amboland, South-east Andonga, Schinz, 18 ! There is much doubt about the position of this plant. The mode of branching and the loaves are as in Hi/ffrojphila pilosa, Burkill, but there are characters in the ovary and in its shrubby nature which remove it; the ovary is more like that of Nelsonia, but the calyx, habit, and other characters are very unlike ; the stssmens again are very different from those of the first tribes of the Acanihacea, and suggest a relations'nip to Ble2)haris, which can in no way be considered as close. On the other hand, the habit is that of Radamea in Scrophtdariacea , and the stamens are like those of some plants of its affinity ; and, finally, the oblique capsule is like that of a Fedicidaris or a Melampyrtim and separates the genus so much from Acanihacece that at first we were inclined to place it unhesitatingly in IScrophulariacece. The pollen is characterless, and in this like that of Scrophnlariacece. Spencer Moore places Riernia between Nelsonia and Hygrophila ; Lindau places it near yelsonia ; while doubting if it really belongs to AcanihacecB, we consider that at least it ought to be placed in a tribe separate from the other plants of this Order. Order XCIX. MYOPORINE^ (by R. A. Rolfe). Flowers hermaphrodite, irregular or nearly regular. Calyx inferior, 5-partite or 5-lobed. Corolla gamopetalous ; tube short and somewhat campanulate, or elongate and infundibular ; limb subequal, oblique or bilabiate, 5-, or rarely (>-, lobed ; lobes imbricate, the two posticous often exterior, sometimes deeply connate. Stamens 4, didynamous or subequal, rarely as numerous as the corolla-lobes, inserted on the corolla and alter- nating with its lobes, included or exserted ; filaments filiform or thickened at the base ; anthers normally 2-celled ; cells at first parallel, afterwards often diverging from the confluent apex, dehis- cing longitudinally. Disc hypogynous, small or nearly obsolete. Ovary superior, normally 2-celled, but often spuriously many-celled by the intrusion of septa between the ovules, or truly many-celled. Ovules 2, collateral, or 4-8 in superposed pairs, or solitary when "the ovary is many-celled; anatropous, with a superior micropyle; style simple, terminal, short or somewhat elongated, filiform ; stigma terminal, small, entire or obscurely emarginate, rarely oblique. Fruit drupaceous, indehis- Zombiaiia.] xcix. myoporine.e (rolfe). 2(53 cent; exocarp fleshy, succulent or rarely dry; endocarp hard or tliin, 2-celled or the cells as numerous as the seeds, rarely breaking up into pyrenes. Seeds 2-10, usually solitary, in cells arranged in one series round the axis, very rarely superposed (the upper ovules being generally abortive), pendulous, oblong; testa membranous or somewhat thickened ; albumen fleshy, slender, or nearly absent. Embryo straight or slightly curved; radicle terete, superior; cotyledons semiterete, slightly broader and shorter (rarely longer) than the radicle. — Erect or dift'iuse shrubs or rarely trees, glabrous, tomentose, canescent, lepidote, (u- pubescent. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, entire or rarely dentate, e.xsti- pulate. Flowers axillary, solitary or fascicled, subsessile or pedicellate. Bracts small or absent. A small Order of aboiit 6 genera and 80 species, mostly Australinn, with a few Polynesian representatives, ranging from the Sandwich Islands to !Mauritius ; two others in China and Japan, one in the West Indies, two in South Africa, and the follow - iofj Tropical African monotype, whose systematic position, however, is somewhat doubtful. 1. ZOMBIANA, Baill. Hist, des PI. ix. 420. Sepals 5, narrowly linear, united only at the base. Corolla-tube narrowly campanulate ; limb somewhat 2-lobed, with 5 imbricate lobe-". Stamens didynamous, slightly unequal, aflixed to the base of the tube ; filaments filiform ; anthers ovate, retrorse, opening by two slits. Ovary 2-celled; ovules 2 in each cell, descending; style slender, capitellate. Fruit drupaceous; exocarp slender; pyrenes 4; seeds descending; embryo exalbuminous ; radicle superior; cotyledons ovate, ■fleshy. — A small shrub. Leaves alternate, petiolate. Flowers very similar to those of Myoporiim, subsessile in the upper leaf-axils or terminal with a few leaves under the calyx. Endemic. 1. Z. africana, Baill. Hist, des PL ix. 421. A small shrub. Branches terete, softly pubescent when young, afterwards nearly glabrous, and striate with numerous slightly wavy ridges ; nodes thickened. Leaves alternate or sometimes appearing fascicled by arrt'st of the lateral branches, shortly petiolate, elliptic-lanceolate, obtu.>e, crenulate, pilose beneath and at the margin, sparingly so above, J-1J|: in. long, 2-4 lin. broad; primary nerves 2 or o pairs, very oblique; petioles 1-1 lin. long. Flowers and fruit not seen. — Wettst. in Engl. (kPrantl,"Pflanzenfam. iv. ;^> B. 860; Briquet in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. o24. Mjjoporum^ sp. africana, Benth. Fl. Austr. v. 2, in obs., and in Benth. et -Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. 1 124, in obs. TTpper Guinea. Niger Territory, Ba,ter,\\\'i\ In the absence of good material, the systematic position of this genus must remain doubtful. Bentham, in the Flora Australiensis, I.e., regarded it as a species of Myoporum, but subsequently (Gen. PI. I.e.) retracted that opinion. Dr. J. Briquet, who has studied the' histolopy of this plant, suggests that it may belong to Selaginece or Verbenacece, but its fruit does not agree with that of the former ordt-r. nor the position of the radicle with that of the latter. The generic name deri\td from a place-name, Zomba — not Zomba in British Central .\frica — is apt to miblend, as the plant has been found only on the western side of the continm*. 2G4 c. sELA(;iNE.t (rolfe). [Jlehenstreitia. Okdkr C. SELAGINEiE (by \l. A. Kolfe). Flowers hermaphrodite, irregular. Calyx inferior, o-ficl, 5-partite, or through the segments being variously connate or deficient, 3- or 2-partite or spathaceous. Corolla gamopetalous ; base shortly or slenderly tubular ; throat usually broader ; limb spreading, normally r)-fid, sometimes 4-fid through the two posticous lobes being united or the anticous absent ; sometimes more or less bilabiate ; lobes equal or tlie posticous pair shorter. Stamens 4, didynamous, or reduced to 2, inserted on the corolla-tube, exserted or included, alternating with the corolla-lobes ; filaments filiform or very slightly thickened at the base ; anthers 1 -celled, obliquely basifixed or versatile, dehiscing longitudinally. Disc hypogynous, annular, unilateral and glandlike, or inconspicuous. Ovary superior, 2-celled or rarely by abortion obliquely 1 -celled; style terminal, filiform, simple, acute, obtuse or minutely bifid, stigmatiferous at the apex but not or slightly thickened. Ovules solitary, pendulous, anatropous. Fruit small, included within the calyx, indehiscent, 2-celled, or by abortion 1-celled, or separating into 2 1-seeded nutlets; pericarp slightly fleshy, crustaceous or somewhat woody, rarely mem- bianous, sometimes corky and with a pair of spurious lateral cells in either carpel. Seeds pendulous, usually oblong and terete ; testa mem- branous ; albumen fleshy ; embryo terete, straight ; radicle superior ; cotyledons narrow. — Small heathlike shrubs or undershrubs, tufted perennial herbs, or rarely small annuals. Leaves alternate, fascicled, or rarely the lower ones opposite, cauline or rarely radical, entire or toothed, often narrow and rigid or coriaceous, Flowers small, solitary in the axils of the bracts or rarely shortly pedicelled with the bract, arranged in terminal elongated spikes, corymbose panicles, or sometimes lateral towards the ends of the branches. Corolla lilac-purple, white or rarely yellow. A small Order of 9 genera and about 200 species, mostly concentrated in South Africa, with a few representatives in Tropical Africa, one in Madagascar; with an outlying genus widely dispersed through the north temperate zone, another in the Mediten-anean region, and a single monotype in Socotra. A species of Dischisma was collected by Drummond ut the Swan River, W. Australia, where it is reported to be abundant, though believed to be only an accidental introduction. Calyx spathaceous. Corolla-limb expanded behind, 4-lobed 1. Hebenstreitia. Calyx campanulate, 2-5-lobed. Corolla-limb more or less equally 5-lobed 2. Selago. 1. HEBENSTBEITIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Cen. PI. ii. 1127. Calyx membranous or hyaline, spathaceous, entire or emarginate. Corolla-tube slender, divided in front down to the middle, dilated above into a 4-lobed flat or concave limb ; lobes subequal or the inner pair longer oi sometimes partly united, rarely with a fifth minute lobe in the fissure. Stamens 4, didynamous, affixed to the margins of the Ilebenstreitia.] c. selagine.e (rolfe). i>(;5 fissure below the lobes, included; filaments short anthers oblong' or linear, perfectly 1-celled. Ovary L>-celled ; style entire. Fruit oblong' or ovate, subterete or compressed ; carpels both perfect or one abortive, rarely dividing into separate nutlets; pericarp somewhat hardened', sometimes corky and with a pair of spurious lateral cells in each carpel. Seeds oblong, cylindric— Small shrubs, undershrubs, or annual herbs. Leaves alternate or the lower opposite, narrow or sometimes broad, entire or toothed. Spikes terminal, often dense, short or elon<;ate. Flowers sessile, white or yellow, rarely pink. Bracts mostly short, broad and imbricate, the lower ones sometimes leaf-like. Species about 20 in South Africa, one extending tlience into Tropical Africa, where it is very widely diffused, and one only in 'IVopical Africa. Corolla 4-6 lin. long \. 1{. deniala. Corolla 2i-3 lin. long 2. H. Holuhii. 1. H. dentata, Linn. Sp. PL ed. i. C^!). A small shrub, l-i' ft. high, more or less copiously branched. Branches glabrous or puberuious. Leaves numerous, linear or rarely linear-lanceolate, acute, entire or slightly toothed on the upper half, ]-li (rarely up to •\^) in. long, or the radical sometimes longer, ]-l lin. broad, or rarely broiuier, glabrous or slightly puberuious. Spikes terminal, up to 6 in. long when in fruit, many-flowered, usually dense. Bracts ovate-lanceolate, acute or acu- minate, margin often scarious, 2-2J lin. long. Calyx oblong-lanceolate, acute, H-2 lin. long. Corolla 4-G lin. long; lobes broadly oblong, very variable in shape and colour, the latter ranging from white or light yellow with an orange blotch on the limb to (according to Johnson) light pink with a crimson blotch, or even deep mauve. Fruit oblong, ] J-21in. long. — Lam. Encycl. t. 521 ; Bot. Mag. t. 48;}; Choisy in DC. Prod. xii. 3; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 174; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, ii. 344 ; Wettst. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. o58. //. dentata, Linn., var. integrifolia, Choisy in DC. Prod. xii. 4 ; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. L32. H. anyolensis, Rolfe in Journ. Bot. 1ata, Welwitsch^ 4786 ! 4787 ! lUKozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Karagwc, on dry hills, J(HKi-5(HK» ft , Scott-miiot, 8187 ! 8212 ! Kilimanjaro, 9000-14,0CX) ft., Thomson ! Johnston. 47 ! Usagara ; Robeho Mountains, 4770 ft., Speke tj" Grant! Hritish Central Atrir»: Nyasaland; on the higher Xyika Plateau, 6000-7500 fl., Whi,te ! Also widely diffused in South Africa. Like many widely diffused species, this is very polymorphic, and some of the form* at first sight appear distinct, though, after examining them many times, I have failed to find any distinguishing characters. Even tl)e Angolan one, foruicrly considtre«l distinct, whose leaves sometimes attain a length of 3\ inches, seems to pass into //. dentata by almost inappreciable stages. The colour, too, is very variable. On .Mount 2()C c. SELAGiNE^ (rolfe). [Hehenstveitia, Kilimanjaro, Sir H. H. Jolinston notes one form as having a "deep mauve corolla," though he adds it is doubtless a variant of the other with pink and white corolla ; I fail to distinguish it from those with a white or light yellow corolla with a deep orange blotch, 2. H. Holubii, Rolfe. Plant J ft. or more high. Branches filabrous. Leaves narrowly linear, subobtuse, entire, glabrous, J-1^ in. long. Spikes up to 4 in. or more long in fruit, densely many- Howered. Bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, ]|-2 lin. long. Calyx oblong, obtuse, membranous, semipellucid, 1-1^ lin. long. Corolla 2i-3 liu. long, white; lobes very short, broadly oblong. Fruit oblong 1.^-2 lin. long. Hehenstreilia, sp., Burkill in Johnston, British Central Africa, 262. Mozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa: Khodiesia ; Shesheke, Holuh, 366! 388! Flo'.vers much smaHer than in H. dentafa, and leaves more slender. 2. SELAGO, Linr. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1128. Calyx shortly 5-fid or deeply 2-r)-partite. Corolla-tube short and broad, or narrow and elongated, somewhat broader in the throat ; limb subequal or oblique, 5-lobed or somewhat bilabiate, with the two posti- cous lobes rather shorter and the median anticous lobe longer. Stamens 4, didynamous, inserted above or below the middle of the tube, longer or shorter than the corolla-lobes ; filaments filiform; antheis perfectly 1 -celled; the posticous filament occasionally repesented by a small staminode. Ovary 2-celled ; style obtuse, subclavate or minutely bifid at the apex. Fruit oblong, ovate or broad, included within the calyx, readily dividing into nutlets when mature ; pericarp slender, crustaceous, or somewhat woody, rarely corky and with a pair of spurious lateral cells in each carpel. — Small shrubs or undershrubs, usually heath-like and much branched, sometimes small annual herbs. Leaves usually small or narrow, sometimes minute, alternate or the lower rarely opposite, often in axillary fascicles, entire or toothed. Flowers sef-sile in the axils of the bracts, or rarely shortly pedicelled with the bract, arranged in terminal, dense or lax spikes, branched corymbs or panicles, or sometimes lateral towards the end of the branches. Bracts ovate or narrow, imbricate or sometimes somewhat distant. Species about 140, mostly concentrated in South Africa, with 21 Tropical African representatives and 1 in Madagascar. Calyx 5-lobed. Inflorescence distinctly corymbose or congested into small terminal heads. Flowers shortly pedicelled ; bracts more or less adnatc to the pedicels. Leaves lanceolate . . . . . . l. S. cce^uled Leaves linear-lanceolate. Corolla-tube \-^ lin. long. Stems and leaves viscous-pubescent . . 2. •S'. viscosa. Stems and leaves softly pubescent . , 3. S. tenuicaidis. Corolla-tube 1 lin. long. ^Selago. C. SELAGINE.E (roLFE). 267 Leaves hispidulous on the midrib and margin Leaves hispidulous-pubcscent all over . Leaves linear. Calyx ^ lin. long Calyx \ lin. long . . . • . Flowers sessile or subsessile. Corymbs as broad as, or broader tlutii, long, often somewhat lax. Calyx-lobes longer than the tube . Calyx-lobes equalling the tube Heads densely congested, as long as broad . Intiorescetice thyrsoid ... . . . Inflorescence spicate or shortly racemose, more or less lateral near the ends of the branches Corolla-tube \-^ lin. long. Flowers shortly pedicelled . . . . . Flowers subsessile ..... 4. S. Melln-i. 5. S. hlauh/rensis. 6. S. whiifeana. 7. S. milaviiensis. 8. S. Ifoisfii. 9. S. Buchananii. 10. S. Johtisloni. 11. S. fhipsoidea. 12. s. y t/f(.er small, the others broad and longer than the tube. Mozamb. Blst. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; summit of X\ ika Plateau, 7000 ft, Whijle I 2. S. viscosa, /('oZ/e. Plant 1 ft. or more high, and rather la.x. Branches viscous-pubescent. Leaves rather lax, lanceolate-linear, sub- obtuse, hispidulous, ;>-8 lin. long. Flowers very shortly pedicelled, arranged in lax terminal corymbose panicles. Bracts oblong, obtuse, ciliate, 1 lin. long. Calyx campanulate, nearly g long; lobes oblong, subobtuse, ciliate, subequal, nearly labrous, r>-lobed, ^ lin. twice as lonu: as 268 c. sELAGiNE.E (rolfe). [Selago. the tube. Coioll;i-tube \ lin. long ; lobes roundish-oblong, upper as long as the tube, lower rather longer. Mozaxnb. Bist. (leriuan Kast Africa : Lower Plateau, north of Lake Nyasa, Thomson ! 3. S. tenuicaulis, llolfe. Branches erect, pubescent, about 0-1) in. long. Leaves linear-lanceolate, subobtuse, attenuate into a sliort petiole, pubescent. 4-1) lin. long, somewhat fascicled. Racemes very short, aggregated into a terminal corymb, l-l} in. diam. Bracts linear- oblong, obtuse, pubescent, 1 lin. long. Pedicels adnate to the base of the bract. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, f)-lobed, j lin. long; lobes stiongly ciliate, acute, three times as long as the tube, lower two much broader than the others. Corolla-tube }-| lin. long ; lobes rounded, two upper equalling the tube, the others rather longer. XMCoxaxnb. Bist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; between Mpata and (oinmencement of Tanganyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ft., Whyte ! 4. S. Melleri, Rolfe. Plant 9-15 in. high. Branches puberulous or pubescent. Leaves linear-lanceolate, subobtuse, hispidulous, chiefly so on the midrib and margins, o-8 lin. long. Racemes very short, aggregated in loose or congested terminal corymbs, |-2 in. diam. Bracts oblong, obtuse, ciliate, 1 lin. long. Calyx campanulate, minutely puberulous, 5-lobed, 1 lin. long; lobes oblong, subobtuse, ciliate, some- what unequal, nearly twice as long as the tube. Corolla light blue {Meller) ; tube 1 lin. long ; lobes rounded-oblong, half as long as 'the tube. Mozamb. Dlst. British Central Africn : Nyasaland ; Manganja Range, Mount Cliiradzulu, 1000 ft. and to the summit, Meller ! 5. S. blantyrensis, Rolfe. Plant 1-1 J ft. high, much branched. Branches pubescent, densely leafy. Leaves lanceolate-linear, subobtuse, hispidulous-pubescent, 4-8 lin. long. Flowers very shortly pedicelled, aggregated in corymbose panicles, 1-2 J in. broad. Bracts linear-oblong, subobtuse, \\ lin. long, slightly hispidulous. Calyx campanulate, slightly hispidulous, r)-lobed, 1 lin. long; lobes oblong, obtuse, ciliate, subequal, about twice as long as the tube. Corolla-tube 1 lin. long; lobes roundish-oblong, lower half as long as the tube, upper rather shorter. Nutlets J lin. long. ItSozaxnb. Bi.st. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Blantyre, Buchanan, 7009 ! 6. S. whyteana, Rolfe m Tram. Linn. Soc. seo-. 2, iv. 35. Plant about 1 ft. high, much branched. Branches densely puberulous, densely leafy. Leaves linear, subobtuse, puberulous, 3-7 lin. long. Flowers shortly pedicelled, aggregated in rather dense subcorymbose panicles, ]-4i in. broad. Bracts linear, obtuse, somewhat curved, 1-1^ lin. long, subglabrous. Calyx campanulate, slightly puberulous, 5-lobed, | lin. long ; lobes linear, subobtuse, slightly ciliate, subequal, about as long as the tube. Corolla-tube J lin. long ; lobes roundish-oblong, upper half Selayo.] c. selagixe.e (fiolfe). 1>69 as long as the tube, lower rather longer. Nutlets^ lin. long. — Wettst. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. ;5:)8. Mozamb. Bist. Hritish Central Africa : Nvasaland; Mount Mlanje, 6000 ft. Whiite! MeClounie,11\ 7. S. milanjiensis, Rolfe in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 3r>. A small shrub, with puberulous branches. Leaves linear, subobtuse, r» 9 lin. long. Spikes short, terminal, numerous. Bracts linear-oblong, obtuse, concave, smooth, J-1 lin. long. Calyx \ lin. long, 5-lobe(l ; lobes unequal, linear- oblong, obtuse, ciliate. Corolla 1 lin, long; tnl)e short; lobes rounded-oblong, obtuse. — Wettst. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afi-. C. 8r)8. Mozamb. X>ist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Mount Mlanjo, ]yhtife ! 8. S. Holstii, llolfe. Plant |-1 ft. high, much branched. Branches cinereous-pubescent, densely leafy. Leaves linear, obtxise, hispidulous, o-8 lin. long. Flowers aggregated in corymbose panicles, f-2^- in. broad. Bracts ovate-oblong, obtuse, concave, ciliate on the margin, glabrous elsewhere, 1 lin. long. Flowers sessile. Calyx cani- panulate, nearly glabrous, 5-lobed, | lin. long; lobes oblong, subobtuse, ciliate, rather longer than the tube, subequal. Corolla light blue ; tube 1 lin. long; lobes orbicular, upper lobes half as long as the tube, lower rather longer. Nutlets J lin. long. — S. Thomsoni, Wettst. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 358, in part. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Usambara, Kwa Msbuza, Holsty 9088 I British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Mount Zoraba, 4000-6000 ft., Whifte ! Zoraba Plateau, 5000 ft., Whifte I Mount Chiradzuhi, at 4000 ft., Whijte I Mlanje Plate.m. McClounie ! !). S. Buchananii, Rolfe. Plant -^-l ft. high, often much branched. Branches cinereous-puberulous, densely leafy. Leaves linear, subobtu^e, hispidulous, 1-|— 1- lin. long. Flowers in terminal congested panicles, ^-IHn. broad. Bracts oblong, obtuse, subciliate, 1 lin. long. Flowers sessile. Calyx campanulate, hispid-pubescent, .j-lobed, 1 lin. long ; lobes subequal, linear-oblong, obtuse, ciliate, as long as the tube. Corolla-tnbe 1 lin. long; lobes rounded-oblong, lower lobes about half as long as the tube, upper rather shorter. Nutlets ^ lin. long. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa : Nvasaland, Buchanan, 43 I 728 1 Forest between Lake Shirsva and Lake Chiutn, and to tlie west of Lake Cliiuin, Cunningham , 19 ! 10. S. Johnstoniy Rolfe in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, ii. 344. Plant 6-8 in. high. Branches puberulous. Leaves numerous, linear, obtuse, hispidulous, 2-4 lin. long. Racemes somewhat corymbose and aggregated into congested terminal heads, 4-7 lin. diam. Bracts linear-oblong, obtuse, ciliate, \h lin. long. Flowers subsessile. Calyx campanulate, some- what pubescent,^5-lobed, 1 lin. long; lobes triangular-oblong, sub-acute, ciliate, as long as the tube, the two lower somewhat larger and united to near the apex. Corolla pinkish {Johuton) ; tube broad, j lin. long ; 270 c. SELAGiNE.E (rolfe). [Selago, lobes rounded, nearly as long as the tube. — Johnst. Kilimanj. Exp. 343 ; Wettst. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 3r>S. Mozamb. Blst. Germiin East Africa : Kilimanjaro, 11,000 ft., Johnston, 147 ' 11. S. thyrsoidea. Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 159. Plant suberect from a woody base, heath-like ( Whyte). Branches 8-9 in. long, puberulous. Leaves numerous, somewhat fascicled, narrowly linear, subobtuse, |-1| in. long, about \ lin. broad. Inflorescence consisting of numerous short spikes, forming a dense thyrsoid panicle at the apex of the branches, 1^-2 in. long. Bracts linear, subobtuse, incurved, 1?T lin. long. Calyx campanulate, f lin. long, subequally 5-lobed ; lobes oblong, obtuse, hirsute. Corolla hlwe {Whyte); tube J lin. long; limb 5-lobed, three lower lobes rounded, as long as the tube, upper more oblong and longer. BKozamb* Sist. British Central Africa: Nyasalaiid ; Nvika Phitoan, siimnut at 7000 U., Whyte, 144 ! 12. S. Nyasse^ Rolfe. Plant 6-12 in. high. Branches puberulous. Leaves linear, obtuse, sometimes with a pair of short lateral teeth near the apex, glabrous or puberulous, 2^-0 lin. long. Pacemes very short, aggregated in a short narrow terminal panicle, 1-1 J in. long. Bracts linear, obtuse, slightly ciliate at the base, ll lin. long. Flowers very shortly pedicelled. Calyx campanulate, puberulous, 5-lobed, f lin. long; lobes oblong, obtuse, ciliate, about as long as the tube, the two lower broader than the upper. Corolla-tube h lin. long ; lobes oblong, longer than the tube. Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa : higher plateau north of Lake Xyasa, homson ! Portuguese East Africa : mountains to the east of Lake Nyasa, Johnson ! 13. S. Thomsoni, Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 402.. Plant 8-12 in. high. Branches puberulous or pubescent. Leaves linear or subspathulate-linear, obtuse, hispidulous, or puberulous, 3-7 lin. long. Racemes very short, aggregated in loose or somewhat congested terminal corymbs, |-1| in. diam. Bracts oblong, obtuse, ciliate, 1 lin. long. Flowers subsessile. Calyx campanulate, puberulous, 5-lobed, I lin. long ; lobes triangular-oblong, subacute, ciliate, as long as the tube, two lower larger than the upper. Corolla-tube broad, | lin. long ; lobes rounded-oblong, as long as the tube. Fruit ^-| lin. long. — Johnst. Kilimanj. Exp. 343; Wettst. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 358, in part. Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 9000-11,000 ft., Thomson, 35 ! Johnston, 117 ! 14. S. Welwitschii, Rolfe in Journ. Bot. 1886, 175 {excl. Jlereroland plant). Plant IJ ft. high. Branches puberulous. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, obtuse, puberulous, or glabrous, 3-G lin. long. Racemes short, loosely arranged along the branches. Bracts oblong, obtuse, ciliate at the base, 1 lin. long. Flowers subsessile. Selago.] c. selagixe.e (kolfe). l'71 Calyx campanulate, puberulous, r)-lobed, J lin.long: lobes lineai-oblon«:, obtuse, cilii,te, divided almost to the base, two lower rather longer than the upper. Corolla-tube 1^ lin. long; lobes rounded-oblong, a third as long as the tube. Fruit broadly ovoid-globose, somewhat compressed, J lin. long. XiO'wer Guinea. Angola : Huilla ; in thickets on liills atoinid Lopollo. comnion, Welwitsch, 4788 ! For the Hererohind plant formerly included here, see the next species, 15. S. Hcepfheriy Rolfe. Plant 9-12 in. high. Branches densely puberulous or nearly tomentose. Leaves linear-oblong or oblong, obtuse, hispidulous, 2-5 lin, long. Racemes short, loosely arranged along the branches. Bracts oblong or obovate-oblong, obtuse, hispidulous, 1 j lin. long. Flowers subsessile. Calyx campanulate, pube.scent, .'i-lobed, 1 lin. long; lobes linear-oblong, obtuse, ciliate, divided almost to the base, subequal. Corolla-tube Jt^x-lf lin, long; lobes rounded-oblong, a third as long as the tube. — *S'. Welivitschii, Rolfe in Journ. liot. lssr», 175, in part. IiO-wer Guinea. German South-west Africa : Hereroland ; at Okahandvn, JIopfner,42 ! Amboland ; at Omulonga, Sckinz ! Oshiheke, near Olukonda, Schinz, H I Tliis was originally referred to the preceding species, 16. S. Holubii, Rolfe. Plant G-15 in. high. Branches densely puberulous or nearly tomentose. Leaves linear, obtuse, hispidulous or scaborulous, 2-5 lin. long. Racemes very short, loosely arranged along the branches. Bracts oblong, obtuse, hispidulous, IJ-H lin. long. Flowers sessile. Calyx campanulate, puberulous, 5-lobed, 1 lin. long; lobes linear, subobtuse, ciliate, divided to below the middle, sube<|ual. Corolla-tube 1 J lin. long ; lobes rounded-oblong, a (juarter as long :is the tube. Fruit broadly ovoid-globose, somewhat compressed, ^-^ lin, long. nxozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Ngamiland ; near tlie Zupa Kiver. McCabe, 28 ! Rhodesia ; Eastern Bamangwato Territory, at Tamasetze, Holub, 325 I 326 ! 1088 ! 10S9 ! 1090 ! 1091 ! Also in South Africa. 17. S. angolensis, Rolfe. Plant 7-9 in. or more high. Branches A'ery minutely puberulous. Leaves linear-lanceolate or linear, sub- obtuse, glabrous, o-l 1 lin. long. Racemes short, arranged in a lx)ose terminal corymb. Bracts linear-oblong, obtuse, somewhat curved, 1 \ lin. long. Flowers very shortly pedicelled. Calyx 2-8-lobed ; lobes ciliate ; lateral linear, subobtuse, 1 lin. long; dorsal minute or nearly obsolete. Corolla-tube f Hn. long; lobes rounded-oblong, half as long as the tul>e. X.ower Guinea. Angola: Huilla; between Huilla and Hun)i)ata, Juhuston ! By the Cuneue and Cacula Var Rivers, Newton ! 18. S. Dinteri, Rolfe. Plant 1 ft. or more high. Branches puberulous, densely leafy. Leaves linear, obtuse, hispidulous, 1-2 lin. long. Flowers sessile, in short capitate heads, more or less lateral along 272 V. SELAGIXE.E (uolfe). [Selayo. the upper parts of the branches. Bracts oblong, obtuse, mther fleshy, hispidulous and sliglitly ciliate, ^^-1 lin. long. Calyx ^ lin. long, -J-lobed, hispidulous ; lobes lanceolate-oblong, acute, ciliate, lateral twice as long as the dorsal. Corolla-tube J lin. long; lobes roundish-oblong, upper half t\s long as the tube, lower rather longer. liower Guinea. (lennan South-west Africa : Hereroland ; Swakop River, JDiu/r,\ 61 : 11). S. axnboensis, Jiolfe. Branches about 8 in. long, slender, puberulous. Leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, somewhat fleshy, 1-2 lin. long, slightly rugose. Racemes short, lateral on short branchlets on the upper part of the branches. Bracts oblong, obtuse, J lin. long. Flowers very shortly pedicelled. Calyx 2-lobed; segments linear, ciliate, K lin. long. Corolla-tube J lin. long ; lobes oblong, rather shorter than rhe tube. Fruit reniform -globose, | lin. long. Iso-wer Guinea. German South-west Africa : Ambolaml ; Omatopo, Schinz ! Nearly allied to the South African 5". panirula/a^ Thunb., which it closely resemble!^, but the calyx-lobes are much narrower and the flowers smaller. The specimen seen consists of a single branch. 20. S. lacunosa, Klotisch in Peters, Jleise Mossamh. Bot. 2bb. Plant G-12 in. high. Branches puberulous. Leaves linear or linear- lanceolate, obtuse, glabrous, 0-8 lin. long. Racemes short or somewhat elongated, loosely arranged along the branches. Bracts linear-oblong, obtuse, somewhat curved, J lin. long. Flowers very shortly pedicelled. Calyx 2-:)-lobed, glabrous ; lobes minutely ciliate, lateral J lin. long, dorsal minute or nearly obsolete. Corolla-tube h lin. long ; lobes rounded-oblong, half as long as the tube. Fruit reniform-globose, | lin. long.— Wettst. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 3r)8. Mozanab. I>ist« Portuguese East Africa : on the banks and on an island of the Zambesi River, Peten^ ! on sandbanks near Lupata, Kirk 1 British Central Africa : Northern Zambcsia ; Boruma, Menijharth, 991 ! 21. S. alopecuroides, Rolfe in Joum. Bot, 188G, 17."j. Plant 1-2 ft. high. Branches puberulous. Leaves numerous, linear-filiform, obtuse, glabrous or somewhat puberulous, 2-') lin. long. Racemes very short, subsessile, crowded along the upper part of the branches. Bracts linear-oblong, obtuse, somewhat curved, membranous and ciliate at the margin, 1-1 1 lin. long. Flowers very shortly pedicelled. Calyx ;^-lobed, glabrous; lobes ciliate; lateral oblong, obtuse, | lin. long; dorsal rather smaller. Corolla-tube \ lin. long ; lobes rounded-oblong, a third as long as the tube. Fruit reniform-globose, h lin. long. — 0. Kuntze in Jahrb. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, iv. 270. Ztower Guinea* Angola: Huilla ; about Lopollo, frequent in thicket?, M'el- tvitsc//, nS^l 4790! Huilla, ^»^M«e^, 132 ! Humpata, Chella Mountains, Jo^w«^o» .' German South-west Africa: Hereroland; at Okahandya, on grassy plains, 3900 It., Marloih ! Swakop River, 1600-3300 ft., Pechuel-Loesche (ex Kuntze), Dinter, 12 I Cyclocheilon. CI. VERBENACEiK (BAKER AND STAPF). 273 regular Order CI. VERBENACEJE (by J. G. Baker and O. Stapf). Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely polygamous, irregular or nearly Calyx inferior, persistent ; tube long or short ; lobes usually ;j, small or large. Corolla gamopetalous ; tube campanulate, funnel- shaped or cylindric ; limb 4-r)-tid ; lobes subequal or more or less distinctly bilabiate. Stamens usually 4, didynamous ; filaments filiform ; anthers dorsifixed, with 2 parallel o)- divaricate cells, dehiscing longitu- dinally. Ovary superior, sessile, entire or slightly lobed, bicarpeliary, 2-4-celled, 2-4-ovuled ; style terminal, entire with a terminal stigma or bifid at the apex. Fruit drupaceous with bony pyrenes, or capsular. Seeds erect, laterally attached or pendulous ; albumen usually none or scanty ; radicle usually very short. — Herbs, trees, or shrubs. Leaves usually opposite or verticillate, entire, toothed or laciniated, in Vitex usually digitately compound. Inflorescence centripetal or centrifugal. Flowers often showy and brightly coloured. Species 700, mainly iiiliabiling the tropical regions of both hemispheres. Flowers solitary ....... . J Cyclocheilon. Flowers aggregated. Inriorescence centripetal (spicate, racemose or capitate). Ovary 2-celled ; cells 1-ovuled. Calyx sliort. Fruit fleshy . 2. Lantana. Fruit dry ...... . 3. LiPPIA. Calyx long. Perfect stamens 2 . 4. liOUCHEA. Perfect stamens 4 . . 5. Stackytarpheta Ovarv -t-celled ; cells 1-ovuled. Fruit-calyx closed over the fruit ; pyrenes 2 6. Priva. Fruit-calyx open ; pyrenes 4 . 7. Verbena. Ovary 8-celled; cells 1-ovulod . . 8. DURANTA. Inflorescence centrifugal. Inflorescence a compound cyme. Leaves simple. Pyrene 1, 4-celled 9. Premxa. Pyrenes 4, 1-celled. Calyx-lobes 5, erect .... 10. Clerodkndron. Calyx-lobes 5, spreading, very accrescent 11. HOLMSKIOLDIA. Leaves usually digitately compound 12. Vitex. Inflorescence capitate ..... 13. AVICENMA. 1. CYCLOCHEIIiON, Oliv. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, l'2l> (by O. Stapf). Calyx deeply bifid in the median plane, laterally flattened ; tube very short, funnel-shaped; segments orbicular or reniform. Corolla 2-lipped ; tube widened from a narrow cylindric ba^e into a wide oblique throat ; upper lip smaller than the lower, deeply 2-fid, exterior in bud ; inner lip deeply 3-fid, lobes subecjual, middle lobe innermast in 274 CI. VERBENACE^ (stapf). [Cijclocheilo7i. bud. Stamens 4, didynamous, inserted low down in the corolla-tube ; Ulaments filiform, loosely villous upwards, the anterior pair longer ; anthers almost enclosed in the throat, pendulous, cells more or less diverging, loosely hairy. Ovary entire, laterally compressed, perfectly or imperfectly 2-celled ; carpels in the median plane ; ovules 1 or 2 in each cell, subbasal, collateral, ascending, anatropous. Style long, fili- form; stigma entire, papillose all round. Fruit unknown. — Dwarf shrubs ; leaves opposite, small, hispidulous. Flowers solitary (repre- senting reduced cymes) in the axils of the leaves of very short branch- lets ; pedicels finely filiform, 2-bracteate. Species 2, in Tropical East Africa atid Tropical Arabia. Cyclocheilon was placed in Scrophulariacece by Oliver and Engler. The renewed examination of the type of the genns, and the discovery of a second species of which there is at Kew material much better than that on which the genus, was based, has shown that the affinity of Cyclocheilon is with Nesogenes, DC, in Verhenacece. Bracteoles close to the calyx, broad, 1^ in. long . . 1. C somatense. Bracteoles somewhat distant from the calyx, narrow, \ lin. long . . . . . . . . 2. C. eriantherum. 1. C. somalense, Oliv. in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 223. Dwarf divaricately branched shrub, densely hispidulous all over with white hairs ; internodes of branches 3-5 lin. long. Leaves obovate to elliptic, obtuse, narrowed at the base, lJ-2 lin. by 1-1 J lin., entire, rather fleshy. Pedicels about 1 lin. long. Bracts close to the calyx, spathu- late to broadly obovate, 1^ lin. long. Calyx suborbicular-reniform, subcordate at the base (seen from the side), 3-3J lin. long, 3-5 lin. broad. Corolla-tube 3-5 lin. long ; upper lip 1 J lin. long ; lobes of lower lip 2-2|^ lin. long and about as broad or slightly broader. Anterior filaments 3J lin. long, posterior 2J lin. long ; anther-cells apiculate at the base, 1 lin. long. Ovary ovoid, quite glabrous, imper- fectly 2-celled ; cells 2-ovuled ; style glabrous. — Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 2439. C. eriantherum, Engl, (in part) in Ann. Istit. Bot. E-oma, vii. (1897), 26, and in Engl. Jahrb. xxiii. 508. irile Iiand. Western British Somaliland, Mrs. Lort-Phillips ! Var. Kelleri, Stapf. The whole plant less densely hispidulous, hairs slightly coarser. Leaves spathulate, 3-5 lin. by 1 lin. Bracts spathulate. Calyx 4-5 lin. by 3^-5 lin. Corolla-tube about 6 lin. long. — C. Kelleri, Engl, in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. 26. Nile Xiand. Galla country, Abdallali, Keller, 205 ! 2. C. eriantherum, Engl, in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vii. 26, and in Engl. Jahrh. xxiii. 508 {in part). Dwarf shrub, 2-3 ft. high ; branches obliquely erect or divaricate, stifi*, hispidulous when quite young, soon glabrescent, at length ashy-grey or yellowish ; flowering branches reduced to densely white woolly cushions. Leaves linear-spathulate, obtuse, 3-6 lin. by 1-1 1^ lin., entire, rather fleshy, scabrid on both sides. Pedicels capillary, glabrous, 2J-3 lin. long. Bracts f-1 lin. below the calyx, filiform to linear, J lin. long. Calyx orbicular or CyclocJiellon.] ci. verbenace^ (staff). 275 broadly elliptic, cordate at the base, 3-4 lin. by 3-3J lin., glabrous. Corolla white; tube 3^-4 lin. long on the back, 4i^-5i lin. long in front; upper lip IJ to almost 2 lin. long; lobes of "lower lip up to 2J lin. long and almost as broad. Anterior filaments 2^^ lin., posterior 2 lin. long ; anther-cells obtuse at both ends, 1 lin^ long. Ovary truncate-obovoid, symmetrical or slightly oblique (seen from the side) ; imperfectly or perfectly 2-celled ; cells 1-ovuled or tlie anterior larger and 2-celled ; style scantily pilose. — C. miitutibracteolatum, Engl. 11. cc. Tinnea erianthera, Vatke' in Linn?ea, xliii. 539. T. arahica. Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 339. T. s]?. Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, ii. 347. xrile Zpand. British Soraaliland : near Maid, Hildebrandf, 1515 ! (ialla country : in the desert between Dolo and the Dana River, Riva, 1175! Abdallab, Keller, 187 ! IMLozamba I>lst. British East Africa: Ukamba ; in Ulu 'district, Scot*-Elliol, 6378 ! German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, 5000 ft., Johnston ! Also in Southern Arabia. 2. LANTANA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1142. Calyx small, campanulate, 5-toothed. Corolla-tube cylindric ; limb patent, obscurely bilabiate ; lobes 5, orbicular. Stamens 4, didynamous, included in the corolla-tube ; anthers ovoid, with parallel cells ; ovary 2-celled ; cells 1-ovuled ; style short ; stigma rather stout ; ovules attached at or near the base of the cells. Fruit drupaceous ; flesh thin ; endocarp 2-celled or splitting into 2 1-seeded pyrenes. Seeds exalbuminous. — Erect or subscandent shrubs, rarely herbs. Branches usually tetragonal. Leaves opposite or ternate, petioled, inciso-crenate, more or less rugose. Spikes dense, peduncled from the axils of the leaves ; bracts persistent, ovate or lanceolate. Flowers small, yellow, white or red, often variable in colour in the same spike. Species about 50, mostly Tropical American. Bracts lanceolate or linear. Leaves opposite . . . . . . . 1. i. Camara. Leaves ternate . . . . . . . 2. i. antidotalis. Bracts ovate. Leaves usually two to a node. Spikes finally oblong. in. diam. . . . . Z. L. viburnoides. 4. L. salrifolia. Spikes permanently globose . Leaves usually three to a node Bracts oblong . . . . 5. L. petifiana. 6. L. fnfolia. 7. X. cuncinna. 1. L. Camara, Linn. ; Jchuuer in DC. Prod. xi. 598. An erect shrub, 4 H ft. high. Branches ^jubescent, tetragonal, usually armed with irregular hooked prickles. Leaves opposite, petioled, cordate- ovate, acute, 1-3 in. long, crenate, very scabrous above, densely pubescent beneath. Heads permanently globose, 1 in. diam, ; hnicts lanceolate, J in. long. Corolla-tube slender, pubescent, J-A in. long; 270 CI. VERBENACEiE (baker). [Lantana. limb ^ in. diam. Outer flowers red ; inner yellow -white. Drupe black, shining, the size of a small pea. — L. aculeata, Linn. S)st. Veg. ed. xiv. r>60, ex parte ; Bot. Mag. t. 90. Z. scabrida, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. ], ii. 352. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone: Freetown, Kirk, 44! Johnston, 1! in frardens. Barter .' (iokl Coast : Cape Coast Castle, Vogel, 28! G9 ! Accra, Vogel, 4 ! Lagos, Moloneii, L5 ! Roidand ! Egba country, at Otta, Barter, 3318! Cameroons: liatanga. Bates, 166 ! liOixrer Guinea. Angola, Weiwitsch, 5650! 5658! 5676! 5715! 5722! 5723 ! Ambriz, Monteiro ! A n;itive of Tropical America, now established in many places in ihe Old World. 2. L. antidotalis, Schuvucch. d' Thonn. •, Schauer in DC. Prod. xi. 598. Branches subhexagonal, hispid, unarmed or prickly. Leaves ternate, ovate, acuminate, coarsely crenate, rugose. Heads globose ; bracts linear-subulate, the outer as long as the corolla-tube. Corolla- tube pubescent, | in. long. Upper Guinea. Sencgambia, Lelidvre. Gninea, Thonninq. ?). L. vibumoides, Vahl ; Schauer in DC. Prod. xi. 005. An erect little- branched shrub. Stems densely hairy upwards, without any prickles. Leaves opposite, shortlv petioled, ovate, often 8-4 in. long, conspicuously crenate, scabrous above, slightly rugose and pubescent beneath. Spikes axillary, peduncled, elongating, finally J-H in. long; bracts ovate, acute, very haii-y, the upper J in., the lower \ in. long. Corolla very small; tube pubescent, \ in. long; limb j\y in. diam. Drupe purple, the size of a small pea, ribbed vertically when dry. — A. Rich. Tent. D^l. Abyss, ii. 10^^; Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 120; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. o55. Lippia Schimperi, Hochst. in Flora, xxiv. (1«41) i. Intell. 23. Upper Guinea. Niger Territory : Nupe, Barter, 1286 ! xrile Ziand. Abyssinia: at the foot of Mount Sholoda, Schimper, 257! and without pttcise locality, Schimper, 455 ! Hritish East Africa : Jur ; Jur Ghattas, Schwfinfurth, 2342 ! Mozamb. I>ist. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, 449. A much- branched low shrub, with very slender shortly hispid branch lets without any prickles. Leaves opposite, ovate, shortly petioled, crenate, J in. long, very rugose, scabrous above, very hairy beneatli. Heads permanently globose, \-^ in. diam. ; bracts ovate, acute, very hairy, J in. long. Corolla lilac; tube about as long as the bract ; limb ^.^ in. diam. — Vatke in Linnaea, xliii. 527 ; Franchet, Sert. Somal. 49. L. microphijUa, Franchet, Sert. Somal. 49. Xrile Iiand. Abyssinia: Wojerat, Petit ! Somaliland ! Reroil, Darra-as, 5! 4. L. soxnalensiSy Vatke in Linnna^ xliii. .">l'7. A mucii- branched undershrub o-4 ft. high, with very scabrous slender wootly branchlets. Leaves in pairs, shortly petioled, obovate or orbicular, obtuse, very rigid, under an inch long, crenate, scabrous and rugose 280 01. VERBENACE.E (baker). [Lippia. above, pubescent with much-raised veins beneath. Heads globose, J in. long, 2-4 from the upper nodes on long stiff* ascending peduncles; bracts very closely imbricated, pubescent, orbicular, with a large cusp, the outer J in. broad. Corolla milk-white, not longer than the bract. wile Ziand, British Somalilaiid : Serrut Mountains, near Maid, 5800 ft., Silde- brandt, 1443 ! T). L. asperifolia, Riclt.; Schauer in DC. Prod. xi. 58o. A much-branched shrub, reaching a height of 12-15 ft. Stems woody, clothed with short whitish stiff hairs. Leaves opposite or ternate, shortly petioled, oblong, crenate, very rugose, \h-2 in. long, very pubes- cent beneath and the veins raised. Heads from the axils of many of the leaves, not more than 4-G to a node, not forming terminal corymbs above the leaves,] in. diam., at first globose, finally oblong ; bracts broad, ovate, cuspidate, very hairy, the outer yV in. broad. Corolla scarcely longer than the bract ; limb whitish. Fruits very small, light brown. — L. scahra, Hochst. in Flora, 1845, B8. Wile Iiand. Abyssinia: Kwkohev, Roth, 10,523! Briti.ist. British Central Africa : Urungu ; F\vamI)o, Carson, 81 128! 4. BOUCHEA, Cham. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pi. ii. 1 144. Calyx cylindrical, 5-ribbed, 5-toothed, finally splitting down one side to the base. Corolla-tube long, slender, cylindrical; limb patent, oblique, with 5 short broad lobes. Stamens 4, didynamou.s, included in the corolla-tube ; filaments short : anther-cells parallel. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules usually solitary, erect from the base of the cells ; style long, subulate ; stigma capitate, bilobed. Fruit dry, included in tlie calyx- tube, oblong, separating into two pyrenes. Seed linear, exalbuminoiis. — Perennial herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, sessile or petioled. 282 CI. VERBENACE.« (baker). [J^ovcheci. toothed. Inflorescence a long spike, each flower in the axil of a per- sistent brjict. Species about 16; in liidia. Tropical America and several at the Cape. Calyx-teetli small. Leaves petioled. Capsule winged at the ;'pe.\ . . . . . 1. B. pieryrfocarpa. C:»psule not winged at the apex. Leaves pubescent, crenate . . . . 2. B. ma rruhii folia. Leaves glabrous, pinnatitid . . . . 3. jB. garepensis. Leaves sessile . . . . . . . . 4. J5. sessilifolia. Calyx-teeth large . . . . . . . b. B. Hannlngtoni. 1. B. pterygocarpa, Schaver in DC. Prod. xi. 558. A much- branched perennial herb. Stems clothed with short white pubescence. Leaves ovate, obtuse, deeply toothed, 1 — Ij in. long, cuneate or sub- truncate at the base, pubescent on both sides ; petiole J in. long. End spikes 6-1) in. long, moderately dense, with all the flowers finally ad pressed to the pubescent rhachis ; bracts lanceolate, much shorter than the calyx. Calyx cylindrical, finely pubescent, J-J in. long ; teeth very minute. Corolla-tube about J in. long ; limb J in. diam. Capsule linear-oblong, shorter than the calyx, with 2 pyrenes ending in an obtuse wing. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 166. Nile Iiand. Nubia, Benf ! Kordofan : Kohn Mountain, Kotschy, 230, Melbes, Pfund, 852 1 Abyssinia: Tigre ; on hills near Adeganna, Schimper, 1012! mountains near (Joelleb, 4000 ft., ScJdmper, 2210 ! and without precise locality, Schimper, 424. Mozamb. I>lst. (lerman East Africa : Usambara ; on the Steppe by the Pangani Kiver, Volkena, 450! 2. B. marrubiifolia, Schaner in DC. Prod. xi. 558. A much- branched perennial herb. Stems clothed with short white pubescence. Leaves ovate or suborbicular, obtuse, conspicuously crenate, pube^c•ent on both sides, l-lh in. long, cuneate or subtruncate at the entire base ; petiole i-l in. long. End-spikes J ft. long, moderately dense, with all the flowers adpressed to the pubescent rhachis ; bracts lanceolate, much shorter than the calyx. Calyx |-^ in. long, densely and shortly pubescent; teeth very minute. Corolla-tube very slender, V in. long ; limb ^ in. diam. Capsule shorter than the calyx, the pyrenes not produced into a wing at the apex. — C. 13. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. ^){\-^. KTlle Xtand. Nubia: near Suakin at Hor Tamanib, Lord, 12! between Suakin and Berber, at Okurr, Schiceinfurfh, 40(5! and \Vadi Abu-Kotod, Schweinfurth, 151 ! Kordofan : near Abu (lerad, Kofschy, 32 ! Wadi Taiarab, Pfund, 850 ! Om Marba, Pfund, 172 ! and without precise locality, Koischy, 113! 213 ! Also in Arabia and Scinde. 3. B. garepensis, Schemer in DC. Prod. xi. 560, .vai-. xnicro- phylla, O. Kuntze in Jahrh. KUnlgl. bot. Gart. Perl. iv. 271. A glabrous erect perennial herb. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, ^ in. long, deeply piunatifid. Racemes 1 or few, dense, terminal, cylindrical, ^-1 ft. Bouchea.'] ci. verbenace^ (baker). 28:^ long ; bracts linear, rigid ; pedicels short, ascending. Calyj; finally \ in. long, toothed, splitting down one side to the base. Corolla-tube long, cylindrical ; limb ^ in. long. Capsule obtuse, ^ in. long, tetragonal, not winged, black. X>o\irer Guinea. German South-West Africa : llcTtivoVAnd, Pechuel-Loesche. The typical form is South African. 4. B. sessilifolia, Vatke in Llnncca, xliii. ">29. Stems clothed uitli short whitish pubescence. Leaves sessile, firm, obovate-cuneate, above J in. long, sharply toothed in the upper half, slightly hairy on both sides. Spike slender, moderately dense, about h ft. long; bracts small, ovate, acuminate. Calyx j in. long; teeth very minute. Corolla-tube 1 in. long; limb \ in. diam. Capsule shorter than the calyx. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 355. Urile Ziand. Somaliland -. Adda Galla, Jame^ Sf Thrupp l Ahl Mountains at Yafir, 6500 tt., Hildehrandt, 855a. 5. B. Haunin^oni, Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PL t. 144(1. Branches tetragonal, shortly pubescent. Leaves oblanceolate-obloijg, subsessile, subacute, rigidly subcoriaceous, 1-L^ in. long, inciso-crenate above the base, slightly hairy on both sides. End spike J ft. long, dense in the upper half, lax in the lower ; bracts ovate, acuminate, much shorter than the calyx. Calyx slender, J in. long, strongly 5-ribbed, clothed with ascending whitish bristly hairs ; teeth large, lanceolate. Corolla- tube curved, very slender, IJ in. long; limb J in. diam. Capsule not seen. Mozamb. X>ist> German East Africa, Hannington ! 5. STACHYTARPHETA, Vahl ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1145. Calyx long, cylindrical, 5-ribbed, 5-toothed, often variously slit in a late stage. Corolla-tube slender, cylindrical ; limb patent, with .*> orbi- cular equal or unequal lobes. Perfect stamens '2. (the ant icons pair) included in the corolla-tube ; anther-cells divaricate ; staminodia 2, minute. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules solitary, attached laterally near the base of the cells ; style long, iihform ; stigma capitate. Fruit cylindrical, separating into two long narrow truncate pyrenes. Seeds linear, exal- buminous.- Herbs or undershruV)s. Leaves usually opposite, petiole00-230<) ft., Hohnel ; Kilimatijaro ; below Maranpu, 3000 ft., Volkens, 2154! I'ortupuesi' Kast Africa : Lower Zambesi ; Shupanfja, Kirk ! 225 ! Britit^h Contral Africa : Nyasaland : Plain of Zomba, 2500-3000 ft., Whyte ! Shire Highlands, Buchanan! Also in South Africa. Socotra and India. 2H(; CI. VERBENACE.E (baker). [VeQ-be7iu. 7. VERBENA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. lUG. Calyx tubular, 5-ribbed, 5-toothed, little changed in the fruiting sta^^e. Corolla-tube subcylindrical, straight or curved ; limb patent, subbilabiate, o-lobed. Stamens usually 4, didynamous, included in the corolla-tube ; filaments short, filiform ; anther-cells parallel or slightly divergent. Ovary 4-celled ; cells 1-ovuled ; ovules attached laterally- near the base of the cells ; style usually short, 2-lobed at the apex. Fruit dry, oblong, about as long as the calyx-tube, separating into 4 narrow pyrenes. Seed erect, albuminous. — Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves usually opposite and toothed or more deeply cut. Infiore.^ctnce spicate; bracts solitary. Flowers small or medium-sized, inconspicuous or showy. Species about HO, mostly American. Annual. Leaves 'bipinnatifid 1. V. siqnna. l*e)»'unii\l. Leaves simply pinnatifid . . .2. 7". officinalis. 1. V. supina, Linn. ; Schauer in DC. Prod. xi. 54S. Annual, densely pubescent. Stems much-branched from the base. Leaves deltoid, cuneate at the base, bipinnatifid j final segments oblong. Spikes at first dense ; lower bracts lanceolate, as long as the calyx. Calyx j^2- i'^- ^^"8 ' teeth minute. Corolla lilac ; tube twice as long as the calyx ; limb ^V in. diam. Capsule as long as the calyx. — Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop'. 120; Sibth. & Sm. Fl. Grsec. t. 554. wile Ziand. Nubia, JEhrenherg, Khartum, Kotschy, 323 ! Schtoeinfurth.^ 878 ! Kordofan : near Sodari, Pfund, 180! Upper Sennar: Kazokl, Cienkotosky, Kotschy, 265 ! Spread through the Mediterranean region. 2. V. officinalis, Linn. ; Schauer in DC. Prod. xi. 547. Perennial, Stems erect, nearly or quite glabrous. Leaves rhomboid-ovate, sub- glabrous, usually deeply pinnatifid. Spikes very lax and slender, forming a terminal panicle ; bracts lanceolate, the lower as long as the calyx. Calyx ^V in. long; teeth minute. Corolla lilac; tube twice as long as the calyx ; limb J in. diam. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 1G5; Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 120; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr.':^>55; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 565; Franchet, Sert. Somal. 50 ; Giirke in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 337. Ifflle Xiand. Eritrea : Habab, Hildehrandt, 445, Haiihello Kokob, at the north of Acrur, 5200 ft., Schweinfurth Sf Riva, 1116 ! Ainsaba, SteuJner, 1304 ! Abyssinia : near Adowa, Schimper, 14b I near Addi Abun, Sckimper, 7; near Delhi Dikeno, Schimper, 284 ; Shire, Quartin-DiUon ; and at Godofelassi. Rohlfs Sf Steker. Sennar, Cienkowsky. British East Africa : Uuwenzori ; Wimi Valley, 6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 7800! Somaliland, Revoil. Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Karagvi^e ; Buboba (ex Giirke) : Usmawo ; Kageyi on Lake Victoria (ex Oilrke). Spread through the north temperate zone in the Old World, and extending to South Africa, introduced in America. V. honariensis, Linn., Schauer in DC. Prod. xi. 541, with deeply incised scabrous Ferbena.] ci. verbenace.c (baker). 287 simple leaves and dense spikes, a native of Extratropieal Soutli America, js now estab- lished at the Cape and in Mauritius, Bombay, Madagascar, and the Canary Isles, hut we have no specimens from Tropical Africa. 8. DURANTA, Linn.; Bentli. et Hook. f. Gen. PJ. ii. li:)(». Calyx subcylindrical; teeth 5, minute. Corolla-tube cylindrical; lobes 5, spreading, short, obtuse, unecjual. Stamens 4, didynamous, included in the corolla-tube; anther-cells parallel. Ovary H-celled ; cells 1-ovuled ; style sliort ; stigma oblique, dilated, 4-lobed. Drupe enclosed in the accrescent calyx; pyrenes 4, 2-celled. Seeds exalbu- minous. — Shrubs, unarmed or spinous. Leaves opposite or verticillate, entire or toothed. Flowers racemose. Species 4^5, wild only in Tropical America. 1. D. Plumieri, ,/ac7. ; Schauer in DC . Prod. xi. 615. A shrub 5-10 ft. high, with glabrous or finely pubescent branchlets, unarmed or spinous. Leaves opposite, distinctly petioled, oblong, acute or obtuse, entire or inciso-crenate. Flowers in copious long terminal racemes ; bracts linear. Flower-calyx |-J in. long. Corolla bright lilac, more than twice as long as the calyx ; lobes suborbicular, pubescent inside ; expanded limb J-J in. diam. Drupe yellow, the size of a pea, much shorter than the closed accrescent calyx. — Bot. Ke^^ t. 244; Gurk:3 in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 38N. D. repens a.nd J J. erecta, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. i. 037. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : Sherboro Island, Garrett in Herb. Scott- Elliot, 4846 ! 5853 ! Waterloo, Kirk ! and without precise locality. Barter ! J^agos, Moloney ! Niger Territory : Old Calabar River, Kalbreijer, 209 I Wrile Iiand. British East Africa : Xiamniam ; by the Atasilli Brook, Schu-ein- furth, 3154 ! ImO'wbt Guinea. Angola, Welwitsch, 5760 ' Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Monbuttu ; Munza, Schweinfurth, 34561 IVXozamb. Dlst. Lake region : Ukira and Issanjo (ex Gilrke). A native of Tropical America, now widely spread in the Old World. 9. PREMNA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. (4en. PI. ii. 1152. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Calyx small, campanulate, truncate or shortly 2-5-lobed, accrescent. Corolla-tube short, sub- cylindrical; limb patent, with 4 orbicular equal or subequal lobes. Stamens 4, didynamous, inserted in the corolla-tube, more or less exserted from the tube ; filaments filiform ; anthers ovoid or subglobose ; cells parallel or divergent. Ovary 2-celled or spuriously 1 -colled; ovules 4, attached to the side of the cells ; style subulate, shortly bifid at the stigmatose apex. Drupe small, globose ; mesocarp thin, flesliy ; endocarp hairy. — Shrubs or trees, sometimes scandent, with glabrous or hairy branchlets. Leaves 2-4-nate, entire or dentate, often dott-ed 288 CI. VERBENACEiE (bAKER). \Premna. angolensis. quadrifolia. with resinous glands. Cymes forming a corymbose or thyrsoid panicle. Flowers minute, whitish or greenish. Species 40 or more, inlinbiting the warmer region8 of the Old World, many of them Indian. Inflorescence thyrsoid. Leaves 2 to a node, opposite. Leaves obtuse 1. P.ferruginea. Leaves acuminate . . . . . . 2. P. longipes. Leaves 4 to a node. Bianc'hlets and leaves glabrous . . . . 3. P. Branchlets and leaves pubescent . . . . 4. P. Inttoresceiu-e cor \ mbose. Corymb smnll. Calyx-teetii minute, broadly deltoid . . . 5. P. resinosa. Calyx-teeth large, oblong 6. P. somaliensis. Corymb ample. Corolla-tube twipe as long as the calyx. Stanjens overtopping the corolla-lobes . . 7. P. macrosiphon. Stamens not overtopping the corolla-lobes. Leaves glabrous beneath . . . . 8. P. serratifolia. Leaves hairy beneath . . . . . 9. P. hispida. Corolla- tube scarcely longer than the calyx. Leaves glabrous beneath. Leaves rtblong. Calyx-teetii small 10. P. Milnei. Calyx-teeth large 11. P. macrodonta. Leaves cordate-ovate . . . . . 12. P. Holstii. Leaves pubescent beneath. Climber ...... Erect shrubs or small trees. Pubescence ferruginous Pubescence grey. Calyx-tet'th minute. Bracts ovate ..... 15. P. vihurnoides. Bracts linear-subulate . . .16. P. senensis. Calyx-teeth as long as the tube . . 17. P. oligotricha. 13, P. Hildebrandti 14. P. velutina. 1, P. ? ferruginea, A.Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 172. Branchlets tetragonal, clothed with fulvous tomentum. Leaves opposite, petioled, ovate, obtuse, crenate, hairy on both surfaces. Inflorescence a lax thyrsoid panicle ; flowers subsessile. Calyx very short ; lobes 5, acute. Corolla-tube pubescent, as long as the calyx ; limb 5-lobed. Stamens exserted from the corolla-tube. Utile Z>and. Abyssinia : Shire, Quartin-Dillon. 2. P. longipes. Baker. An erect shrub, with slender terete pubescent bra,nchlets. Leaves opposite, distinctly petioled, oblong, acuminate, cuneate at the base, 3-4 in. long, crenate, membranous, slightly pubescent above, densely pubescent beneath. Ipflorescence a lax thyrsoid terminal panicle 3-4 in. long; branches pubescent; pedicels reaching J^ in. long; bracts minute, ovate, acuminate. Calyx cylindrical, densely pubescent, J in. long ; teeth minute, deltoid. Corolla- Fj^emna.] ci. verbenacE/E (baker). 289 tube scarcely longer than the calyx; lobes small. Stamens included. Style much exserted. X^ozamb. ]>ist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland, Buchanan ! 'K P. angolensis, Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xviii. 1G5. A shrub IG ft. high, with glabrous branchlets. Leaves 2-4-nate, ovate or sub- orbicular, entire, shortly cuspidate, rounded or cordate at the base, sometimes o-O in. long, glabrous on both surf aces. Inflorescence a long thyrsoid panicle ; primary branches dichotomous ; ultimate branchlets finely pubescent, bearing very dense clusters of flowers ; pedicels very short. Flower-calyx j-\r in. long; lobes obscure, minute. Corolla-tube slightly longer than the calyx ; lobes 4, unequal. Stamens reaching to the tip of the corolla-lobes. Iiower Guinea. Angola, Welivifsch, 5628 ! 5724 ! Loango. Soi/atix, 159 ! Majakalla country, Mechow, 527. 4. P. quadrifolia, Schumach. d- Thonn.; Schauer in DC. Prod. xi. 633. An erect shrub, with shortly pubescent branchlets. Leaves ovate or oblong, some 4-nate, cuspidate, entire or obscurely crenate, 2-4 in. long, rounded or cordate at the base, finely pubescent on both surfaces ; petiole long. Cymes forming a thyrsoid panicle ; branchlets pubescent ; bracts lanceolate, minute ; pedicels very short. Flower-calyx -yV~tV i°- long, pubescent ; lobes very short and obscure. Corolla-tube longer than the calyx ; lobes 4, unequal. Stamens shortly exserted from the corolla-tube. — Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 485. Upper Guinea. Guinea : near Fredrlksberg, Thonning. Lagos : Abeokuta, Barter, 3358 ! Niger Territory, Vogel ! 5. P. resinosa, Schauer in DC. Prod. xi. 637. An erect shrub mth slender white glabrous or slightly pubescent branchlets. Leaves of the flowering shoots petioled, ovate or oblong, entire, obtuse, J-l^ in. long, glabrous or obscurely pubescent beneath, of the sterile shoots sometimes crenate. Panicle small, terminal, peduncled, corym- bose ; pedicels glabrous or pubescent ; bracts ovate, minute. Calyx campanulate, yV in. long, glabrous or pubescent ; teeth small, broadl}' deltoid. Corolla-tube scarcely longer than the calyx ; limb bilabiate ; lobes orbicular. Stamens and style included. Drupe black, the size of a small pea. — Holochiloma resinosum, Hochst. in Flora, 1841, :'i71. Wile Iiand. Nubia : Coast Region, Bent ! near Suakin, at Gebcl Uaratnb, Schweinfurth, 53 ! between Suakin and Berber, at Slngat, Srhweinfurth, 330 ! and at Wady 6-Mareg, Schweinfnrth, 431 ! Eritrea : near Saati, Schweinfurth \ Jiiia, 305 ! Kordofan: Blount Arashkol, Kotschy, 198 ! near Melbes. Kotschii, 41t: Abu Hnrazn. P/'«?i(Z, 132 ! Abu Snun, Ffmd,^2d>\ Wadi Taiarab, P/*««(f, 8161 betucn El Obeid and Melbes, Pfund, 848 ! and witbout precise locality, Kut.scht/, 254 ! Also in Arabia. 0. P. somaliensis. Baker. An erect shrub, 10 ft. high, with slender woody glabrous branchlets. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, 1-Uy in. long, obtuse, obscurely crenate, turning black when dried, 290 CI. VERBENACE.E (baker). [PreiRna. obscurely pubescent beneath. Corymbs small, terminal, peduncled; branchlets slightl}^ pubescent ; pedicels as long as the calyx ; bracts ovate, sinuate. Calyx campanulate, glabrous, y^r in. long; teeth oblong, obtuse, ^ the length of the tube. Corolla-tube not longer than the calyx ; limb small, bilabiate ; lobes orbicular. Stamens and style included. Wile Ztand. Snraaliland : Ahl Mountains near Maid, 1500 ft., Rildehrandt ^ 1526! 7. P. xnacrosiphon, Baker ex Ilenriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot. x. 148. A climber reaching to a height of 20 ft., with woody pubescent branchlets. Leaves opposite or ternate, oblong, cuspidate, entire, 3-C in. long, 2-3 in. broad, subcoriaceous, glabrous above, nearly or quite glabrous beneath when mature ; petiole long, pubescent. Panicle short, dense, ample, corymbose, with pubescent branchlets ; bracts large, linear. Calyx \ in! long ; lobes ovate, as long as the tube. Corolla- tube slender, longer than the calyx-teeth ; lobes obovate, unequal. Stamens and style much exserted from the corolla-tube, overtopping the lobes. Upper Guinea. Old Calabar, Thom-wn, 28 ! Cameroon Rivek-, Mann, 2213 ! Fernando Po, Mann, 486 ! Iiower Guinea. Island of St. Thoma?, Qiiintas ! 8. P. serratifolia, Linn. ; Schauer in DC. Prod. xi. G32. An erect shrub, with glabrous branchlets. Leaves opposite, oblong, long-petioled, crenate or entire (P. integrifoUa, Linn. ; Wight, Ic. t. 14G9), 3-6 in. long, subcoriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Panicle dense, ample, corymbose, with finely pubescent branchlets ; bracts lanceolate. Flower- calyx y\r in. long, obscurely bilabiate. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx ; lobes 4, unequal, greenish-white. Stamens not exserted beyond the corolla-lobes. Drupe purplii, the size of a small pea. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Rovuma River, Kirk! Portuguese East Africa: Zambesi Delta; Kongoni River, Kirk, 328! West Luabo River, Kirk ! Also in Tropical Asia and the Mascarene Islands. 9. P. hispida, Benili. in Hook. Niger Fl. 485. A small tree, with densely pilose branchlets. Leaves opposite, oblong, acute, entire, 3-8 in. long by half as broad, cuneate at the base, thinly pubescent above, densely pubescent beneath ; petiole short, stout, hairy. Panicle short, dense, corymbose, with very hairy branchlets ; pedicels very short. Flower- calyx very hairy, yV in. long ; teeth 5, deltoid, distinct. Corolla-tube cylindrical, twice as long as the calyx ; limb bilabiate. Stamens not exserted beyond the corolla-lobes. Drupe globose, J in. diam. Upper Guinea. Senegambia, JS^z^f/e/o/, 760 ! Sierra Leone : Sngarloaf Moun- tain, Barter ! in forest by the River Scarcies, Scott-Elliot, 4521 ! Sherbojo Island, Qarreit in Herb. Sco/t-ElHot, 5833 ! North-east of Sierra Leone, Garrett, 16 ! and without precise locality, Don .' Premna.] ci. verbenace/e (baker). 291 10. P. Milnei, Baker. Branchlets glabrous. Leaves opposite oblong, acute, entire, 2-3 in. long, 1 in. broad, distinctly petioled, sub- coriaceous, glabrous on both sides. Panicle lax, corymbose, with slender pubescent branchlets ; pedicels short ; bracts lanceolate. Flower-calyx turbinate, -^^ in. long, shortly pubescent; teeth deltoid, minute. Corolla-tube not longer than the calyx; lobes very small. Stamens not exserted beyond the corolla-lobes. Upper Guinea. *' Fernando Po and vicinity," Milne ! 11. P. macrodonta, Baker. An erect shrub, G ft. high, with glabrous branchlets. Leaves long-petioled, oblong, 2-8 in. long, cuneate at the base, entire, subcoriaceous, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes terminal, ample, moderately dense ; pedicels short, glabrous ; bracts deciduous. Mature calyx glabrous, | in. long ; teeth ovate, longer than the tube. Corolla not seen. Immature drupe globose, as long as the calyx. Style y^ in. long. Xlle Iiand. British East Africa : Mombasa, on dry coral, Scott'Elliot, 6106 I 12. P. Holstii, Gierke in Engl Pji. Ost-Afr. C. 338. An erect shrub, with slender pubescent branchlets. Leaves shortly petioled, cordate-oviite, 1-2 in. long, cuspidate, entire, moderately tirm, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes dense, terminal ; pedicels short, pubescent ; bracts minute. Flower-calyx pubescent, yV in. long ; teeth short, obtuse. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx ; lobes unequal, oblong, obtuse, half as long as the tube. Stamens not exserted beyond the corolla-lobes. XVXozam'ba I>ist. German East Africa : Usaramo; Dar-es-8alaam, Stuhlmann. Usauib.tra : Muoa, Hoist, 3079! 13. P. Hildebrandtii, Gilrke in Engl. Jahrh. xviii. IG."). A tall climbing shrub, with slender densely pubescent branchlets. Leaves long-petioled, broadly ovate, 3—4 in. long, cuspidate, entire, broadly rounded or subcordate at the base, membranous, grey-green and densely pubescent on both surfaces. Cymes dense, ample, terminal ; pedicels short, densely pubescent ; bracts subulate. Flower-calyx jV in. long, densely pubescent; teeth very small, ovate. Corolla-tube not longer than the calyx ; lobes small, oblong, obtuse. wrile Z.and. British East Africa ; Mombasa Island, Hildehrandf, 2008 ! 14. P. velutina, Gilrke in Engl. Pji. Ost-Afr. C. 338. An erect shrub ; branchlets clothed with ferruginous hairs. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, 2-3 J in. long, rounded or subcordate at the base, acute or shortly cuspidate, pilose only on the main ribs above, velvety all over beneath. Cymes dense, terminal. Calyx-teeth 5. unequal, 2 broad and obtuse, 3 narrower and subacute. Corolla-tul^e slightly longer than the calyx; lobes 4, unequal. Drupe globose, black. niozamb. Dist. German Enst Africa : Usaramo, Stuhlmanv, i\m2, 7176. 292 CI. VERBENACEiE (baker). [P?*emna. 15. P. viburnoides, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 171. An erect shrub, with densely pubescent branchlets. Leaves distinctly petioied, ovate, 2-8 in. long, obtusely cuspidate, entire, broadly rounded or sub- cordate at the base, nearly glabrous above when mature, pubescent beneath. Cymes dense, many-flowered, terminal ; pedicels short, densely pubescent ; bracts small, ovate. Calyx pubescent, campanu- late, yV in. long ; teeth short, usually obtuse. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx ; lobes oblong, obtuse, rather shorter than the tube. Stamens not exserted beyond the corolla-lobes. Drupe globose, glabrous, black, J in. diameter. — P. Schimperi, Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 356. li'ile Xiand. Abyssinia : Tigre ; at Addi Gayechti in Debra Damo Discrict, 6800 ft., Schimper, 566 ! Begemeder ; in the Valley of the Reb at Gerra-Abuna- Tekla-Haiinanot, 7500-8500 ft., Schimper, 1131 ! Shoa, Petit^ Ankober, Both, 466 ! IMCozamb. Hist. German East Africa : Uniainwezi, 3900 ft., Speke Sf Crrant ! Portuguese East Africa : Lower Shire Valley, Kirk ! 16. P. senensis, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 263. A small tree, with densely pubescent branchlets. Leaves shortly petioied, ovate or oblong, 1-2 in. long, acute, entire, rounded or cuneate at the base, thinly pubescent above, densely pubescent and grey beneath. Cymes dense, terminal, many-flowered ; pedicels very short, densely pubescent ; bracts subulate. Calyx densely pubescent, ~ in. long ; teeth short, obtuse. Corolla-tube rather longer than the calyx ; lobes ovate, obtuse, shorter than the tube. Stamens reaching to the tip of the corolla-lobes ; filaments hairy at the base. X^ozamb. Bist. Portuguese East Africa ; Lower Zambe»i ; Lupata, Kirk ! British Central Africa ; Nyasaland, Buchanan^ 93 ! 1261 ! The natives procure their tire-sticks from this species. 17. P. oligotricha^ Baker. An erect shrub, "Wth slender slightly pubescent branchlets. Leaves shortly petioied, suborbicular, 1— li in. long, subcuneate or rounded at the base, cuspidate, distinctly crenate, membranous, nearly glabrous above, pubescent beneath. Cymes small, lax, terminal ; pedicels as long as the calyx. Calyx ^^ in. long; lobes ovate, acute, unequal, as long as the campanulate tube. Corolla- tube rather shorter than the calyx ; limb bilabiate, as long as the tube. Stamens shorter than the corolla-lobes. WTile Xiand. British East Africa ; Taita ; Ndi Mountains, Scott-Elliot, 6202 ! 10. CLERODENDRON, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1155. Calyx not accrescent ; tube campanulate ; lobes 5, equal, longer or shorter than the tube. Corolla-tube cylindrical; lobes 5, obovate, spreading or slightly reflexed, subequal or unequal. Stamens 4, inserted below the throat of the corolla-tube ; filaments long, filiform, involute in bud ; anthers ovoid or oblong, with parallel cells. Ovary imperfectly i-celled; cells 1-ovuled ; style long, bifid at the apex. Fruit a globose drupe with a fleshy pericarp and 4 smooth or rugose pyrenes. Seed oblong, exalbuminous. — Trees or shrubs, sometimes scandent. Leaves Glerodendron.] CI. VERBENACEiE (bAKEr). 298 opposite, rarely ternately verticillate, entire or toothed. Cymes axillary or terminal, lax or dense. Flowers small or large, various in colour. Species about 100, concentrated in the warmer regions of the Old World, a few American. *Et7-Cleeodenpron. Corolla-tube short ; segments of the limb subequal, flat. Cymes capitate. Corolla-tube |— 1 in. long. Leaves often 3-4-nate ..... . 1. C. acerhianum. Leaves always opposite . 2. C. sinuatum. Corolla-tube 1-1^ in. long. Herbaceous ....... . 3. C. eupatorioides. Fruticose. Leaves glabrous. Calyx-teeth small . 4. C. Schweinfurthii Calyx-teeth not small . . . : . 5. C. Bakeri. Leaves hairy . 6. C. conglobatum. Cymes not capitate. Flowers small. fLeaves oblong. Leaves glabrous. Bases of old petioles indurated and persistent . 7. C. kentrocaule. Bases of old petioles not indurated. Inflorescence small .... . 8. C. glahrum. Inflorescence a large compact thyrsoid panicle . 9. C. volubile. Inflorescence a large subumbellate panicle . 10. C. Formicarum. Leaves slightly pubescent beneath Inflorescence small, compact. Leaves small . 11. C. ovale. Leaves large . 12. C. Barteri. Inflorescence a large thyrsoid panicle . . 13. C. toxicarium Leaves densely pubescent beneath. Leaves entire . 14. C. tang any ikense Leaves deeply crenate .... . 15. C. KirkiL ttLeaves ovate, rounded at the base. Leaves glabrous. Leaves 2-3 in. long . 16. C. Melanocrater, Leaves 3-6 in. long . 17. C. silvceanum. Leaves very pubescent ..... . 18. C. eriophyllum. ti-j-Leaves cordate-ovate. Calyx ^ in. long . 19. C. pulgcephalum. Calyx ^ in. long . 20. C. Johnstoni. Calyx \ in. long ..... . 21. C. synngcBfolium. Cymes not capitate. Flowers large. fLeaves oblong. Leaves glabrous. Flowers bright red . 22. C. splendens. Flowers white . 23. C. Buchholzii. Leaves pubescent Leaves narrowed to the base .... . 24. C. harnterianum. Leaves rounded at the base Petiole short . 25. C. congense. Petiole long ...... . 26. C. Dink lag ei. Leaves cordate . 27. C. BuettneH. 294 CI. VERBENACE^ (bAKER). [Clerodendron. •ffLeaves ovate, rounded at the base. Leaves glabrous. Calyx not inflated. Leaves more or less acuminate. Leaves coriaceous Leaves thin Leaves obtuse or rounded Calyx inflated .... Leaves more or less pubescent. Petiole short. Leaves tiiiely pubescent Leaves velvety on both sides . Petiole moderately long . Petiole very long fffLeaves cordate-ovate. Calyx finely pubescent. 28. C. Giletii. 29. C. Preus.sU. 30. C. m/dehrandtii. 31. C. ThomsoncB. 32. C. Holstu. 33. C. tricholobum. 34. C. pleiosciadium. 35. C. longipetiolatum. Calyx inflated . 36. C. sc and ens. Calyx not inflated . 37. C. cordifoUum. Calyx clothed with brown hairs . 38. C.fuscum. SiPHONANTHUS. Corolla-tube long ; segments of the limb subequal, flat Inflorescence capitate. Leaves obovate-lanceolate .... . 39. C. Buchneri. Leaves oblong. Corolla-tube 2-2^ in. long . 40. C. strictum. Corolla-tube 3-4 in. long .... . 41. C. capitatum. Corolla-tube 4-5 in. long .... . 42. C. FischeH. Leaves cordate-ovate. Leaves tliin ...... . 43. C. hysieranthum. Leaves subcoriaceous .... . 44. C. megasepahim. Leaves obovate-cuneate. Leaves 3-1- in. lone; . 45. C. cuneifoUum. Leaves 8-12 in. long .... . 46. C. firandifolium. Leaves ovate-orbicular rounded at the base . 47. C. speciosum. Leaves cordate-orbicular . . . . . 48. C. orhiculare. ttlnflorescence not capitate. Panicle .small. Leaves oblanceolate-oblong, deeply toothed . 49. C. iaci.sum. Leaves orbicular, not cordate . 50. C. roiundifolhim Leaves cordate broadly ovate. Calyx small . ' . 51. C. Greiji. Calyx medium -sized. Corolla-tube 1^ in. long . 52. C. Wehcitschii. Corolla-tube 4 in. long .... . 53. a Guerkei. Calyx large. Leaves entire. Leaves finely pubescent . 54. C. zamhesiacum. Leaves velvety . . . . . . 55. C. SluhJmannl. Leaves repand ..... . 56. C. Pofiiiei. Panicle large, thyrsoid . 57. C. thyrfioideiim. *'**Cyclonema. Segments of the lower lip of the corolla longer than the upper, concave, f Stems unarmed. Clerodendron . ] CI. VERBENACK^ (baKEr). 295 Cymes lax. Corolla-tube very short. Leaves sessile or very shortly petioled Stems not winged Stems winged . , Leaves with a short petiole. Leaves small, toothed . Leaves large, entire Leaves loiig-petioled Corolla-tube ^~\ in. long Corolla-tube .y-| in. long. Leaves sessile . '. , . Leaves distinctly petioled . Corolla-tube an inch or more long . Cymes dense. Calyx-lobes orbicular, small . Calyx-lobes ovate or oblong, large ff Stems armed .... 58. C. inyricoii/es. 59. C. aid/um. 60. C. Neuma^ieri. 61. C. Kalhrciitri. 62. C. carnusulum. 63. C. hukobense. 64. C. ternatum. 65. C. sayisiha reuse. 66. C. lanceolalum. 67. C. aurantiacum. 68. C. macrostachyum. 69. C. spinescens. 1. C. acerbianuxn, Boiss. Fl. Orient, iv. 580. An erect shrub, with densely pubescent branchlets. Leaves 2-4-nate, shortly petioled, ovate, acute, entire, rounded at the base or slightly cordate, pubescent, especially beneath, the lower 2-3 in. long. Flowers in dense terminal and axillary peduncled clusters ; bracts linear, as long as the calyx. Calyx densely pubescent, | in. long; tube short, campanulate ; lobes lanceolate. Corolla white ; tube pubescent, 1 in. long ; lobes ovate, sub-equal, J in. long. Stamens h in. long. Fruit globose, J in. in diani., covered with spongy processes so that it resembles a bramble. — Volkameria acerbiana, Yisiani, Ic. PI. ^gypt. Nub. 23, t. 4, tig. 1 ; Schauer in DO. Prod. xi. G56. Wile Iiand. Nubia : banks of the Nile, at Ibrim, Lefotinieux, 292 ! Sabooa, Kralik ! \)e\-Y, Ehrenherg ! AbUlekerin, i?«(Wt.' and Mograd Island, Kotschi/, 'io^'. by the White Nile, Schweinfurth, 1055! 1092! Fetherick! 2. C. sinuatum. Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 4255, and ex Schauer in DC. Prod. xi. GO 5. An erect shrub with pubescent branchlets. Leaves opposite, ovate, distinctly petioled, cuspidate, entire, slightly cordate at the base, entire or coarsely serrate, 4-G in. long, tinely pubescent on both surfaces. Flowers in dense globose terminal clusters. Calyx very hairy, J in. long ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, as long as the funnel-shaped tube. Corolla white ; tube |-1 in. long; lobes oblong, subecjual, J in. long. Stamens -J- 1 in. long. -Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 48G. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Whitfield ! and cultivated specimens ! Lagos : Abeokuta, Harrison, 2 ! Millen, 151 ! 8. C. eupatorioides. Baker. An erect herb, 4-G ft. high, with slender finely hairy branchlets. Leaves opposite, long-petioled, ovate, acute, membranous, 3-4 in. long, irregularly crenate, glabrous above, obscurely pubescent beneath. Flowers in dense globose terminal clusters ; bracts lanceolate. Calyx hairy, J in long ; lobes lanceolate, 29G CI. VERBENACE^ (baker). [Cle7'ode7idro7i. much longer than the campanulate tube. Corolla-tube above an inch long ; limb oblique, J in. long, the subequal oblong lobes not reaching down to the base. Stamens shorter than the corolla-limb ; anthers large. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Cameroon Mountain, 2000 ft., Mann, 1295! 4. C. Schweinfurthii, Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xviii. 177. A climbing shrub, with glabrous branchlets. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate-lanceolate, 6-8 in. long, 2|-5 in. broad, acute or acuminate, cuneate at the base, often sharply serrate, glabrous on both surfaces. Flowers in axillary long-peduncled heads ; bracts small, subulate. Calyx-tube campanulate ; teeth very small, deltoid. Corolla-tube glabrous, IJ-lJ in. long. Stamens and style very long. Drupe black, i in. long. Xrile Iiand. British East Africa : Niamniann ; at Nabambisso River, Schicein- furth, 3021! 3224! Lendu Plateau, Stnhlmann, 2701; ford on the lt;iri River, Stuhlmann, 2632, and at Undusuma, west of Lake Albert, Stuhlmann, 2596. AKozamb. Slst. German East Africa : Karagwe; Ihangiro, iS'/'w/z^maww, 897. 5. C. Bakeri, Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xviii. 175. A shrub, with glabrous branchlets. Leaves opposite, shortly petioled, oblong or obovate, entire, cuspidate, 4-6 in. long, deltoid or slightly rounded at the base, membranous, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Flowers in dense peduncled globose terminal heads. Calyx glabrous, ^ in. long ; lobes ovate, rather shorter than the oblong tube. Corolla-tube straight, glabrous, 1;^ in. long ; lobes obovate, subequal, J in. long. Stamens J-|^ in. long. — C. congense, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1892, 127, not of Engl. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : near Musaia, Scott-Elliot, 5201 ! Falaba, Scott- Elliot, 5309 ! £ower Guinea- Lower Congo ; below Stanley Pool, Johnston ! 6. C. conglobatuxn, Baker. A climbing shrub, with densely pubes- cent slender woody branchlets. Leaves opposite, distinctly petioled, oblong, entire, cuspidate or obtuse, 3-4 in. long, thinly hairy on both sur- faces; base of petiole indurated, persistent. Flowers in dense globose terminal shortly -peduncled clusters. Calyx densely hairy, ^ in. long ; lobes large, ovate ; tube small, funnel-shaped. Corolla white ; tube 1 in. long ; lobes obovate, subequal, \ in. long, Stamens 2-3 times the length of the corolla-lobes. Ziower Guinea. Angola: Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 56291 7. C. kentrocaule, ■ Baker. A climbing shrub, with glabrous branches armed with the persistent indurated bases of the old petioles. Leaves opposite, oblong, entire, acute, short petioled, 3-4 in. long, glabrous on both sides. Cymes forming a short terminal thyrsoid panicle. Calyx glabrous, ^ in. long ; tube campanulate ; teeth ovate. Olerodendron.] ci. VERBENACEiE (baker). 297 shorter than the tube. Corolla-tube twice as long as tlic calyx ; lobes subequal, J in. long. Stamens J in. long. Ziower Guinea. Angola : Pungo Andongo, fVelwitsch, 5682 ! 8. C. glabrum, E. Meyer ; Schauer in DC. Prod. xi. CGI. An erect shrub with slender woody finely pubescent branchlets. Leaves 2- :i- nate, shortly-petioled, oblong, acute, entire, subcoriaceous, glabrous, 2-4 in. long. Cymes dense, many-flowered ; branchlets pubescent ; pedicels very short. Calyx pubescent, \ in. long ; tube campanulate ; lobes ovate, shorter than the tube. Corolla-tube |— J in. long; lobes obovate, ^-\ in. long. Stamens twice as long as the corolla-lobes. Drupe small, 1-2-celled. wile Xiand. British East Africa : Mombasa, on dry coral, Scott-Mliot, 6103 ! Iiower Guinea. Angola: JFelwitsch, 5625! 5651! 5656 1 5657! 5710! 5721! 5752! 5753! Monteiro! ACozanxbc I>ist. German East Africa : French Island, ^iV^, 20 ! and without precise locality, Kirk ! Portuguese East Africa : Mozambique, Forbes ! Mouth of the West Luabo River, Kirk ! Lower Zambesi ; Tete, Kirk ! Also in South Africa. 9. C. volubile, Beauv. Fl. Owar. i. 52, t. 32. A climbing shrub, with slender woody branchlets. Leaves opposite, petioled, oblong, acute, entire, glabrous. Cymes many-flowered, forming ample terminal panicles ; branchlets finely pubescent ; pedicels often longer than the calyx. Calyx campanulate, J in. long ; tube campanulate ; lobes small, ovate. Corolla-tube J-J, in. long; lobes white, obovate, sube(^ual, i in. long. Stamens J in. long. Drupe globose, 1-2-lobed, \ in. diam. — Schauer in DC. Prod. xi. 661; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 4H6; Cummins in Kew Bulletin 1898, 77 ; Henriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot. xvi. 69. C. multijiorum, G. Don ; Schauer in DC. Prod. xi. 673. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : near Kambia, on the River Scarcies, iScoff- iVZioiJ, 4424 ! Samu country, Scott-Mliot, 4237! near Sasseni, Scoff-Elliot, 4hil7 1 and without precise locality, Don! Ashanti, Cummins, 125 I Lagos: ?]ppah. Barter, 3275 ! Abeokuta, Irving, 87 ! Jasohe, Irving, 90 ! and without precise locality, Moloney! Millen, 82! Cameroons: Yaunde, 2600 ft., Zenker and Staudf, 139! Fernando Po, Mann, 71. ^oiver Guinea* Princes Island, Barter, 2030 ! Gaboon : Como River, Bates, 501! Gaboon River, ilfanw, 935 ! Congo, Smith! Stanley Pool, Hens, B 367 ! Angola, Weltvitsch, 5630 ! 5659 ! 5662 ! 5675 ! Monteiro ! River Luachimo, Marques, 330. 10. C. Formicarum, Gierke in Engl. Jahrh. xviii. 179. A shrub, with very slender finely pubescent branchlets. Leaves 2-4-nate, cuneate at the base, thin, oblong, acute, entire, 2-3 in. long, glabrous on both sides. Cymes numerous, many-flowered, long-peduncled, forming a subumbellate terminal panicle ; branches finely pubescent; pedicels short. Calyx subglabrous, -^.^ in. long ; teeth ovate, shorter than the campanulate tube. Corolla white ; tube 2-3 times the length of the calyx; lobes subequal, yV in. long. Stamens 2-3 times the 21)8 CI. VERBENACE^ (baker). [Ckrodeiidron.. length of the corolla-lobes — Henriciues in Bolet. Soc. Brot. xvi. G9. C. triplinerve^ Rolfe in Bolet. Soc. Biot. xi. 87. Upper Guinea. Old Calabar, Holland ! Ziower Guinea. Angola : Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 5622 ! 5661 ! MaLmge, Buchner, 77, Mechow, 192, Marques, 9 I 50. Soutb Central. Congo Free State: Monbuttn ; y[wnz.\, Schiveinfurfh,^Ad>'^\ and at the Kiissnmbo River, Schireinfurfh, Se-il ! Lunda ; Mussmnba, Foqqe, 338. XVIozamb. Dist. CJennan East Africa : Karagwe; Knkoba, Sfuhlmann, 1026. I cannot from the description separate C. Lujcei, De Wild & Durand in Coniptes- rendus Soc. Hot. Belg. xxxviii. 213, collected by L"ja on the Lower Congo 11. C. ovale, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Jfossamb. Bot. 257. A shrub 0-7 ft. high, with woody glabrous branchlets. Leaves 2-3-nate, distinctly petioled, oblong, obtuse, entire, cuneate at the base, 1^-2 in. long, finely pubescent, copiously gland-dotted. Cymes few-flowered, terminal and axillary; pedicels finely pubescent. Calyx pubescent^ ^ in. long ; tube campanulate ; lobes suborbicular. Corolla-tube J in. long ; lobes small, subequal. Stamens longer than the corolla-lobes. — Yatke in Linntea, xliii. 537. Mozamh. Bist. German East Africa : Usambara ; Muoa, Hoist, 3076 Usararao : Bagamo} o, Hildehrandt, 1298 ! Portuguese East Africa : Rio de Sena, Peters. 12. C. Barteri, Baker. A shrub, with finely pubescent branchlets. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong or obovate-oblong, 4-G in. long, cuspi- date, entire, narrowed to the base, moderately firm, green and glabrous above, slightly pubescent on the main veins beneath. Cymes dense, terminal, peduncled, 2 in. diam. ; bracts linear ; pedicels short. Calyx glabrous, J- in. long; tube campanulate; teeth ovate, spreading, nearly as long as the tube. Corolla v.'hite; tube cylindrical, twice the length of the calyx ; segments of the limb obovate, ^V in. long. Stamens 3 times the length of the corolla-limb. Upper Guinea. Niger Delta : Kras.«, Barter, 51 ! 13. C. toxicarium. Baker. A shrub, with pubescent woody branchlets. Leaves petioled, oblong, entire, acute, 3-6 iii. long, rounded at the base, nearly glabrous above w^ien mature, finely pubescent beneath. Cymes many-flowered, dense, long-peduncled, forming an ample terminal panicle ; branches finely pubescent ; pedicels short. Calyx pubescent, J in. long ; teeth ovate, as long as the cam- panulate tube. Corolla-tube \—h in. long ; lobes obovate, yV in. long. Stamens -^ in. long. Drupe the size of a pea. Mozamb. I>l8ta British Central Africa: Nyasaland; River Shire, Kirk! Shibisa (Chikwawa), Meller ! Blantyre, Buchanan, 179! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 1075 ! 1-4. C. tanganyikense. Baker in Kevj Bulletin, 1805, 71 An erect shrub, with densely pubescent branches. Leaves opposite, Olerodendron.] ci. verbenace^ (baker). 299 shortly petioled, oblong, 3-4 in. long, 2-2| in. broad at tiie middle, cuspidate, subentire, green and nearly glabrous on the face, light green and densely pubescent on the back. Cymes axillary and fonning a terminal panicle; pedicels densely pubescent; bracts lanceolate, minute. Calyx pubescent, ^ in. long ; teeth small, ovate. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx ; limb J in. in diam. Stamens twice as long as the corolla-lobes. IMCozaxnb. Sist. German East Africa: Urundi; on low hills to the North-eafit of Lake Tanganyika, 5000-7000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 8228! 8378! British Central Africa : Urungu ; Fwambo, Carson, 52 ! 15. C. Kirkiiy Baker. A shrub 4 ft. high, with pubescent branchlets. Leaves mostly ternate, shortly petioled, oblong, 2-8 in. long, acute or cuspidate, rounded at the base, deeply and irregularly crenate, moderately firm, thinly pubescent above, densely pubescent beneath. Cymes forming a lax small terminal panicle ; pedicels short, pubescent. Calyx pubescent, J in. long ; tube campanulate ; teeth ovate, shorter than the tube. Corolla white ; tube cylindrical, J in. long ; segments of the limb obovate, ^ in. long. Stamens three times the length of the corolla-lobes. Mozamb. Bist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Upper Shire Valley, Kirk ! 16. C. Melanocrater, Giirke iyi Enyl Jahrh. xviii. 180. A shrub, with branchlets pubescent upwards. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate or ovate-oblong, acuminate, 2-8 in. long, 1-H in. broad, rounded or subcordate at the base, glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes lax, terminal, 4-5 in. long ; pedicels J-^ in. long ; bracts linear or filiform. Calyx subglabrous or puberulous ; tube campanulate ; teeth deltoid. Corolla- tube puberulous, \ in. long. Stamens much longer than the lobes. Soutb Central. Congo Free State : near the Itiri Kiver, 4000 ft., Stuhhnann, 2698. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Karagwe ; Bukoba, Siuhlmann, 3322, 3650, 3720. 17. C. silvaeanum, Ilenriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot.x. 148. A wide- climbing shrub, with glabrous branchlets. Leaves ovate, cus]iidate, 3-0 in. long, entire, glabrous, shining; petiole 1-2 in. long. Panicle sparse, terminal ; branchlets pubescent ; bracts small, linear, deciduous. Calyx \ in. long; teeth triangular, rather shorter than the campanulate tube. Corolla white, twice as long as the calyx ; lobes ovate, subequal. Stamens much exserted. Ziower Guinea. Island of St. Thomas, plain of lo Grande, 300 ft., Quinfas, and plain of Contador, 4500 ft., Quintas. 18. C. eriophyllum, Gii7'ke in Enyl. Jahrh. xviii. 178. A shrub, with pubescent branchlets. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, acute, entire, coriaceous, 2-2^ in. long, rounded at the base, pubescent on both .sides, 300 CI. VERBENACE^ (bakek). [CUrodendron, velvety beneath. Flowers in lax compound terminal cymes ; pedicels -j^^-J in. long; bracts lanceolate, longer than the pedicels. Calyx tomentose, \ — \ in. long ; teeth narrow, acuminate. Corolla-tube J in. long, glandular, pubescent. XVXozaxab- I>ist> German East Africa, l\scher, 331. 19. C. polycephalum. Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 116. An erect shrub, with branches densely clothed with ferruginous hairs. Leaves opposite or ternate, distinctly petioled, cordate, ovate, 3-4 in. long, cuspidate, entire, green and pubescent on both surfaces. Cymes many, dense, many-flowered, terminal ; peduncles and pedicels pubescent. Calyx pilose, \ in. long ; tube obconic ; teeth ovate, as long as the tube. Corolla-tube cylindrical, 2-3 times the length of the calyx; lobes small, obovate. Stamens much longer than the corolla-lobes. Upper Guinea. Lagos : Ogbomoshaw, Sotvland ! near Otto, Millen, 12 ! Ayesan, Millen, 153! and without precise locality, Millen, 157! 20. C. Johnstoni, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, ii. 346. A shrub, with densely pubescent woody branches. Leaves 2-3-nate long petioled, oblong, entire, rounded at the apex to a small cusp, cordate and broadly rounded at the base, 3-4 in. long, thinly pubescent above, densely pubescent beneath. Cymes many-flowered, forming an ample dense corymbose terminal panicle ; branches very hairy ; pedicels short. Calyx very hairy, ^ in. long ; teeth ovate, shorter than the campanulate tube. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx ; lobes subequal, ^ in. long. Stamens twice as long as the corolla-lobes. Xrile liand. British East Africa : common on Ruwenzori, 7000-8600 ft., Scott-Elliot, 7691 ! Mozamb. Sist. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, at 5000 ft., Johnston ! Volkens, 2072 ! 21. C. syringsef olium, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1 898, 1 60. A shrub, with quadrangular pubescent branchlets. Leaves long-petioled, cordate- ovate, 2-3 in. long, entire, cuspidate, pubescent on both surfaces, con- spicuously dotted beneath with black glands. Cymes forming a dense terminal panicle ; pedicels short, pubescent. Calyx campanulate, green, glabrous, \ in. long ; lobes lanceolate, acuminate, longer than the tube. Corolla-tube cylindrical, 5-6 in. long ; limb J in. in diami. ; lobes sub- orbicular. Stamens three times the length of the perianth-lobes. MEozamb. I>lst> British Central Africa : !N yasaland ; between Mpata and the commencement of the Tanganyika Plateau, Whyte ! 22. C. splendens, G. Don; Schauer in DC. Prod. xi. 662. A climbing shrub with glabrous branchlets. Leaves opposite, shortly petioled, oblong, entire, acute, subcoriaceous, glabrous, rarely hairy, 3-6 in. long. Cymes dense, many-flowered, forming an ample terminal Clerodendron.'] ci. VERBENACEiE (baker). 301 panicle ; pedicels pubescent, longer than the calyx. Calyx \ in. long ; lobes ovate or ovate- lanceolate, rather shorter than the tube. Corolla bright red, passing into bright yellow : tube |-1 in. long ; lobes obovate, subequal, ^-J in. long. Stamens 1 in. long. — Benth.'in Hook. Niger Fl. 486 ; Durand k De Wild, in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 125. C. aurantiuTYh^ G. Don ; Sehauer in DC. Prod. xi. 073. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Barter ! Oldjield ! Don ! Lagos : Yero, Millen, 9! Abeokuta, Rowland! and without precise locality, Moloney^ 14! Lower Niger ; Onitsa, Barter! Old Calabar, Thomson, 1\ Canierooiis : Bipinde, Zenker, IU48 ! Yaunde, Zenker Sf Staudt, 115 ! River Cameroon, Mann, 732 ! Iiower Guinea. Gaboon: River Gaboon, Mann! Munda, at Sihange Farm, Soyaux, 12! Congo, Smith! Burton! Bingila and Ki-binga, Dupuis. Loaugo, Soyaux, 7b ! Angola, Welwitsch, 5646 ! 5664 ! 5740 ! Malange, Marques, 5 ! C. speciosum (Rev. Hort. 1873, 471, with coloured tigure), and Garden, xi. (1877) 404, pi. 74, said to be a hybrid, recedes very little tVoni typical C. splendens, but tlie plant figured as C. speciosum hybridum in 111, Hort. 1869, t. 593, comes midway between C. splendens and C. ThomsoncB. 23. C. Buchholzii, Gilrke in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 176. A climbing shrub, glabrous in all its parts. Leaves distinctly petioled, oblong, rounded at the base, 4-7 in. long by half as broad, acuminate, entire, green and glabrous on both sides. Cymes forming axillary panicles ; pedicels long; bracts minute, filiform. Calyx glabrous, J in. long; tube between cylindrical and funnel-shaped ; teeth small, deltoid. Corolla white, glabrous ; tube |-| in. long ; lobes obovate, \ in. long. Stam.ens twice as long as the lobes. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Victoria, ^mcAAoZz, between Barombi and Kumba, Preuss, 404! and on the north bank of Elephant Lake, Preuss, 497! Gaboon : Come River, Bates, 473 ! iMO-wer Guinea. Angola : Pungo Andongo, Mechoiv, 86. This may be identical with C. Manetti, Vis. 111. Piante Orto Padova, iii. (1856) 20, t. 3, a garden plant of uncertain origin. 24. C. hamierianum, Schiueinf. Beitr. Fl.Aethiop. 119. Branchlets herbaceous, tetragonous. Leaves 2-3-nate, petioled, membranous, oblong or obloiig-lanceolate, narrowed to the base and acute apex, about 2 in. long by 1 in. broad, pubescent on both surfaces. Cymes lax, forming a ter- minal panicle ; pedicels slender, pubescent. Calyx glabrate, J in. long ; tube campanulate ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, very acute, as long as the tube. Corolla pubescent, purple, 2-3 times as long as the calyx. irile Xiand. Sennar: near Roseres, Cienkowsky. ^Vhite Nile, Harnier. 25. C congense, Engl, in Engl. Jahrb. viii. 65. Branchlets angular. Leaves shortly petioled, glabrous above, hairy on the ribs and glandular beneath, the lower oblong, 4 in. long, 3 in. broad, with a rounded ba^^e, the upper cordate-ovate. Inflorescence corymbose ; branchlets hairy ; bracts deciduous, linear or linear-lanceolate. Calyx \ in. long ; teeth deltoid, as long as the campanulate tube. Corolla-tube above A in. 302 CI. VERBENACE.^ (baker). \Clerodendron. long; lobes obovate-oblong, unequal, \-l in. long. Stamens much longer than the lobes. Drupe subglobose. Iiower Guinea. Lower Congo : at lionia, Naumann, and Ponta da Lenha, Nan77iann. 20. C. Dinklagei, Giirke in Enyl. Jahrh. xviii. 175. A shrub; branchlets densely clothed with redexed articulated hairs. Leaves oblong, acuminate, 8-4 in. long, rounded to the base, entire, sparsely clothed with adpressed hairs on both surfaces; petiole 2-4 in. long. Cymes axillary, few-flowered ; bracts minute, subulate. Calyx 5-partite nearly to the base ; lobes ovate -lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent. Co- rolla not known. Upper Guinea. Canieroons : Great liatanga, DinJclage, 1008. 27. C. Buetjbneri, Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xviii. 174. A shrub ; branchlets densely clothed with long articulated hairs. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong, acuminate, entire, unequally cordate at the base, 3-4 in. long, 1-1 ^ in. broad, villous principally on the under surface. Cymes few-flowered, terminal ; pedicels long ; bracts minute, filiform. Calyx slit nearly to the base ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, pilose. Corolla-tube pilose, rather longer than the calyx, f in. long. Stamens long. Iiower Guinea. Gaboon : Munda; Sibange Farm, Billtner^ 426. 28. C. Giletii, De Wild, d- Durand in Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belq. xxxviii. llo. A climbing shrub, with glabrous branchlets. Leaves petioled, glabrous, ovate, 3-4 in. long, 1-1 J in. broad, acumi- nate, rounded at the base. Cymes lateral, few-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; peduncle and pedicels brown-velvety ; bracts narrow, acute. Calyx V in. long ; teeth deltoid, acute, as long as the tube. Corolla hypocrateriform ; tube nearly 1 in. long ; lobes half as long as the tube. Stamens IJ in. long. Iio-wer Guinea. Congo Free State ; Dembo, Gilet. Near C. splendens, G. Don. 21). C. Preussii, Giirke in Emjl. Jahrh. xviii. 175. A climbing shrub, glabrous in all its parts. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, entire, acuminate, 3-5 in. long, 2-3 in. broad, rounded to the base, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes axillary, long-peduncled and forming terminal panicles; pedicels \-^ in. long; bracts minute, subulate. Calyx glabrous, \ in. long ; teeth ovate, acute, very small. Corolla white; tube J-f in. long. Stamens long. Upper Guinea. Canieroons : liuea, Preuss, 940, 1008. 30. C. Hildebrandtii, Vatke in Linncp.a, xliii. 530. A shrub with pale woody glabrous branchlets. Leaves opposite, long-petioled, broadly ovate, entire, 2-3 in. long and broad, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes long, axillary, and forming a terminal panicle, few- COUI •Clerodendron.^ ci. verbenace^ (baker). 303 flowered ; pedicels often longer than the calyx. Calyx glabrous, i-l in. long; tubetubular-subcampanulate ; teeth ovate, much shorter than the tube. Corolla white : tube above 1 in. long; lobes subequal, ^-.V in. long. Stamens twice as long as the corolla-tubes. Fruit-carpels large, oblong, glabrous. wile Iiand. British East Africa : Mombasa, 300 ft., Wakefield ! Kirk ! Nyika itry, near Mombas;!, Wakefield! Taita ; Xdara Mountains, Uildebrandt, 2389. Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : IJonibuera, lloht, 2200 ! and without precise locality, Hanninqfon ! ;\)1. C. Thomsonae, Balf.f. in Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. vii. 200, t. 7 ■(i,nd 5S0, t. 10. A climbing shrub, with glabrous branchlets. Leaves opposite, shortly petioled, thin, ovate or oblong, acute, entire, glabrous, 3-0 in. long. Cymes lax, many-flowered ; pedicels as long as the calyx. Calyx white, pentagonal, -J— J in. long; tube very small ; lobes large, ovate, acute. Corolla light crimson; tube 1 in. long ; lobes subecjual, oblong, \ in. long. Stamens | in. long. — Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 5313 Houllet in Rev. Hort, 1867, 312, with figure. Upper Guinea. Niger Delta: Angiaraa, Barter, 2093! Old Calabar River, Thomson, cultivated specimen ! Mann, 2327 ! Cross River, Johnston I 32. C. Holstii, Gilrke MS. in Herb. Keiv. An erect shrub, with densely pubescent white Ijranchlets. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, 1 J-2 in. long, acute or obtuse, entire, rounded at the base, moderately firm, slightly pubescent above, densely pubescent beneath. Cymes small, dense, terminal; pedicels very short, densely pubescent. Calyx \ in. long, densely pubescent ; lobes ovate, rather shorter than the cam- panulate tube. Corolla-tube cylindrical, | in. long; segments of the limb orbicular, }^ in. broad. Stamens much exserted. IVXozainl). Bist, German East Africa : Usambara ; Duga, ^o/*/*, 3208 ! 33. C. tricholobum, Gilrke in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 178. A shrub, with tomentose or pubescent branchlets. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, acute or acuminate, rounded at the base, entire, 2-3 in. long, coriaceous, velvety on both sides. Cymes long-ped uncled, lax, axillary ; pedicels ^^;-\ in. long; bracts lanceolate, lower \ in. long. Calyx pilose, \ in. long; lobes long, subulate. Corolla-tube i-| in. long, glandular pubescent. XVIozamb. I>ist. German E.\st Africa : Usambara ; Pangaiii, Stuhhnatin, 587. Portuguese East Africa: Mozambique, Stuhhnann, -iW. 34. G, •p\e\OSC\2i^\'\3i'aij Gilrke in Enyl. Jahrh. xviii. 177. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, acuminate, roun«led or narrowed to the base, above 2 in. long, 1 .^^ in. broad, irregularly deeply toothed, sparingly pilose on the ribs on both sides; petiole ^-1 in. long. Cymes tlst. German East Africa : Ilkami ; Mrogoro, Stuhlmaym, 71. 36. C. scandens, Beauv. Fl. Oivar. ii. G, t. Q>2. A climbing shrub, with finely pubescent branchlets. Leaves opposite, petioled, cordate-ovate, acute, entire, 3-5 in. long, finely pubescent beneath. Cymes lax, few-flowered, forming an ample terminal panicle ; pedicels pubescent, often longer than the calyx. Calyx green, finely pubescent, .i_l in. long ; tube campanulate ; teeth ovate or lanceolate, as long as or longer than the tube. Corolla white; tube |-f in. long; lobes obovate, subequal, J in. long. Stamens 1-1 J in. long. — Schauer in DC. Prod. xi. 6G2; Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 4354; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 480. C. simplex and C. hirsutum, G. Don ; Schauer in DC. Prod. xi. 673. Upper Guinea. Senegaitibia, Heudelot, 519 ! Sierra Leone, common, Scott- JElliot, 3831! 4148! Don! Liberia: Cape Palraas, Voffel, 53! Gold Coast, Burton Sf Cameron ! Lagos, Moloney ! Cameroons : Rio del Rey, Johnston ! Fernando Po, Vogel, 98 ! Barter, 2058 ! Ansell ! Mann, 83 ! A plant gathered by Mann on the banks of the Muni River, 1*^ N. lat., having a much larger calyx, with longer teeth, is perhaps a distinct species. 37. C. cordifolium, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 170. A climbing shrub with pubescent branchlets. Leaves opposite, petioled, sub- coriaceous> cordate-ovate, entire, 3-4 in. long, glabrous above when mature, finely pubescent beneath. Cymes lax, forming an ample terminal panicle ; branches pubescent ; pedicels as long as the calyx. Calyx pubescent, J in. long ; tube campanulate ; teeth ovate or ovate- lanceolate, as Jong as the tube. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx ; lobes subequal, oblong, J in. long. Stamens an inch long.— Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 132; Engl. Hochgeberigsfl. Trop. Afr. 357. Volkameria cordifolia, Hochst. ; Schauer in DC. Prod. xi. 657. irile Iiand. Upper Sennar ; Fazokl, Kotschy, 497 ! Abyssinia : mountain sides towards the River Tacazze, Schimper, 1132! British East Africa: Jur; Jur Ghattas, Schweinfurth, 1369 ! Moru ; Neangara, Petherick ! Madi, Speke ^ Grant, 676 ! Unyoro, Speke Sf Grant , 567 ! 38. C. fuscum, Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xviii. 175. An erect or climbing shrub ; branchlets clothed with articulated brown hairs. Leaves shortly petioled, broadly ovate or suborbicular, 2|^-3^ in. long, deeply cordate, cuspidate, entire, hairy on both sides or glabrescent above. Cymes lax, few-flowered, axillary and terminal ; pedicels long ; bracts linear. Calyx |-| in. long, white, pubescent with brown hairs ; Glerodendron.'] ci. verbenace^e (baker). 305 lobes lanceolate, acuminate, twice as long as the tube. Corolla-tube pilose, twice as long as the calyx. Stamens very long. Wile Iiand. British East Africa: Mpororo; Kayoiixa Mountain, Sluhlmann, 3061, 3096. Iiow^er Guinea. Lower Congo ; Manga, Dupuis. Soutb Central. Lunda : Lulua River, Preuss. 39. C. Buchneri, Gilrke in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 172. A shrub with pubescent young branchlets. Leaves shortly petioled, obovate- lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, \-\^ in. broad, entire or slightly undulated, narrowed to the base, shortly cuspidate, glabrous above, pubescent with raised veins beneath. Inflorescence terminal, capitate ; pedicels very short ; bracts foliaceous, oblong-lanceolate. Calyx tubular-campanulate, pubescent, | in. long ; lobes long, ovate- lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla- tube long, glandular-pubescent; limb J in. long; lobes unequal. Stamens much exserted. "LkO-wer Crulnea. Angola : at Quifocussa on tlie River Kuango, Mechow, 557a, Malange, Mechow, 429 ; Feira, Buchner, 572. Near C. capitatum, Schumach. & Thonti. 40. C. strictuxn, Baker. Stems woody, simple, erect, pubescent, Ij ft. long. Leaves opposite, close, short-petioled, ascending, oblong, subcoriaceous, entire or irregularly repand, 5-6 in. long, subglabrescent above when mature, pubescent beneath principally on the raised veins. Cymes dense, terminal, globose, many-flowered ; pedicels very short. Calyx hairy, | in. long; tube very short; lobes large, ovate, acute, foliaceous. CoroUa white; tube hairy, '1-2^ in. long; lobes subequal, oblong, \-\ in. long. Stamens an inch long. XiOwer Cruinea. Angola: province of Pungo Andongo, Weltcitsch, oQ^b \ 41. 0,c?i'pit2itMm.y Schumach. d:Thonn.; Schauer iuDC.Prod.x'i. 673. An erect shru b, with densely hairy branchlets. Leaves opposite, distinctly petioled, oblong or obovate-oblong, acute or cuspidate, entire or slightly sinuate, |-1 ft. long, when mature nearly glabrous above, pubescent beneath. Flowers in dense sessile terminal heads 6-1) in. diam. ; bract.s lanceolate, foliaceous, pubescent, as long as the calyx. Calyx pubescent, l^-J in. long ; tube short, funnel-shaped ; segments ovate, acute, densely ciliate. Corolla white; tube slender, pubescent, 3-4 in. long; lobes obovate, subequal, ^ in. long. Stamens curved, 2-3 times the length of the corolla-lobes. — Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 4355; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 486. C. rohustum,, C. stenanthurti and C. mossambicense , Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 258-259. C . francavilleanmn, Buchiuger, ined. Upper Guinea. Senegal: Mbidjeni, r/u'(?/rv .' Ganjl)ia, Ingram ! Sierra Leone, Whitjield ! Gold Coast: Aquapim Mountains, Votjel! Lagos: Papalizato, Millen, 45 ! Abeokuta, Irving, 111 ! at t)ie contluen.-e of tlie Niger and Henue Hivt-rs. Barter! Lower Niger: Onitsa, Barter., 312! Canieroons : Cameroon Mountain, 3000 ft., Mann, 1957 ! Rio del Rey, Johnston ! 306 CI. VERBENACE.E (baker). \^Clerodendron. wile I.and. l^ritisb East Africa: Ribe tO Galla, Wakefield! IVIozamb. Blst. German East Africa: U.-ambara ; Gonja, Hulst, 4256! Unyainvvczi ; Msalala, Hannington ! on tbe bigber plateau nortb of Lake Nyisa, Thomson ! Portiiguese East Africa : Keriniba Islands, Petera ; Lower Zmnbesi : Koror, Peters: Rio de Sena, P^/f/-5; Mozambique, Pe^er.v. Rritisb Central Africa : Urungu; Fwambo, Cr?r.w». 63 ! Tanganyika Plateau, Carson! Masuka Plateau, 6500-7000 ft., Whi/te ! N.imasi, Cameron, 2! and without precise locality, Whyie ! Buchanan, 1189 ! Var. cephalanthiim. Raker, Leaves glabrous wben mature on botb sides. Calyx and corolla-tube also glabrous — C. cephalanthum, Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 1559. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone, Whitfield ! IVIozamb. Slst. Zanzibar, A7r A: / Bojer ! 42. C. Fischeri, Gitrke in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 172. A shrub G-8 ft. high, with pubescent branchlets. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong, 4-5 in. long, acute, entire, narrowed to the base, coriaceous, reticulated, sparsely clothed above, densely beneath, with long hairs. Inflorescence capitate ; flowers sessile ; bracts and bracteoles lanceolate, acuminate, membranous, subvillous. Calj'x campanulate, subvillous, f in. long ; tube very short ; lobes ovate, acuminate. Corolla-tube slender, in- curved, 4-0 in. long ; lobes obovate, J in. long. Stamens and style very lone. Mozamb. Dist. German East Afrit^a : Usambara : at Sangawisbi, near Rom- buera, i/o/.s-^, 2194, and Amboni, Hoist, 2910! Usmawo ; Kageyi on Lake Victoria, Sttihlmann, 3-192 ; Usegua ; Kiwanda, Fischer, 483. Very near C. capitatum, Scbumacb. & Tbonn. 4;1 C. hysteranthum, Baker. A climbing shrub, with leaves and flowers developed at different seasons. Leaves thin, cordate-ovate, repaiid, thinly hairy on both sides, reaching a length of 8-12 in.; petiole reaching 6-7 in. Cymes dense, sessile. Calyx 1 in. long ; tube small ; lobes large, ovate, acute, foliaceous. Corolla white ; tube 5-6 in. long ; lobes subequal, | in. long. Stamens twice as long as the corolla-lobes. Iiower Guinea. Angola : province of Pungo Andongo, JFelwitsch ! 44. C. megasepalum, Baker. A shrub 5-6 ft. high, wdth pubes- cent branches. Leaves 2-3-nate, short-petioled, cordate-ovate, repand, subcoriaceous, 6-8 in. long, 4 in. broad, scabrous above, pubescent beneath. Cymes dense. Calyx pubescent, |-1 in. long ; tube small ; lobes large, ovate, acute. Corolla-tube 5-6 in. long; lobes obovate, subequal, | in. long. Stamens twice as long as the corolla-lobes Iiower Guinea. Angola : province of Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5705 ! 45. C. cuneifolium, Baker. An erect shrub, with virgate woody hairy stems. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, obovate-cuneate, cuspidate, subcoriaceous, 3-4 in. long, repand in the upper half, cuneate in the lower half. Cymes dense, globose, sessile, terminal. Calyx hairy, I in. long ; tube small ; teeth large, ovate, acute. Corolla-tube hairy. Cleroden(lron.\ ci. verbenace.e (baker). 307 lJ-2 in. long; lobes subequal, J in. long. Stamens twice as long as the corolla-lobes. Xiower Guinea. Angola : province of Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5684 I 46. C. grandifolium, Gilrke in Emjl. Jahrh. xviii. 17.S. A tree. Leaves long-petioled, obovate, acuminate, entire, 10-12 in. long, 5-0 in. broad, narrowed to the base, glabrous on both sides. Intlore.scence capitate, terminal, long-peduncled ; pedicels J in. long ; bracts small, subulate. Calyx funnel-shaped, j in. long, deeply 5 - partite ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate. Corolla white ; tube slender, glabrous, 5-G in. long ; lobes unequal. Stamens very long. Iiower Guinea. Angola : near the River Kuango, Majakalla disti ict, J/er//otr 530. 47. C. speciosuxn, Gilrke in Engl. Jahrh. xviii. 171. A shrub or tree. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate-orbicular, S-10 in. long, 0-8 in. broad, rounded or subcordate at the base, acute, entire, coriaceous, scabrous above, pubescent beneath. Cymes forming a dense shon, panicle ; pedicels long ; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent, \ in. long. Calyx campanulate, deeply 5-partite, reddish, pubescent, I in. long; lobes lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla-tube slender, curved, 5-6 in. long ; lobes unequal, \-\ in. long. Stamens and style very long. liOwer Guinea. Angola : province of Pungo Andongo, Mechoiv, 121, Soyaux^ 230! 48. C. orbiculare, Baker. A shrub, with pubescent branches. Leaves cordate-orbicular, thin, repand, pubescent on both sides, some- times a foot long and nearly as broad ; petiole 4 in. long. Cymes dense, capitate, terminal ; pedicels short. Calyx pubescent, J in. long ; lobes ovate, acute, twice as long as the funnel-shaped tube. Coj'olla-tube densely pubescent, 5 in. long; lobes obovate, subequal, J-^ in. long. Stamens above 1 in. long. Iio-wer Guinea. Angola, Welwitsch, 5688 ! 49. C. incisum, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 257. An erect shrub, with scabrous branchlets. Leaves 2-3-nate, shortly petioled, oblanceolate-oblong, membranous, narrowed to both ends, deeply inciso-pinnatifid, finely pubescent on both sides, ;^-4 in. long by half as broad at the middle. Flowers in a sessile terminal head ; bracts oblong-lanceolate, longer than the calyx. Calyx glabrous, J in. long; tube funnel-shaped; teeth small, deltoid. Corolla white; tube slender, glabrous, 2^-3 in. long ; limb oblique, h in- long ; lobes oblong, not reaching down "to the base. Filaments red, 2 in. long.— Vatke in Linnsea, xliii. 537. Wile Ziand. British East Africa : near Laniu, Hildebrandt. XVXozamb. Dist. German East. Africa : rsainbara ; Doda, Hoist, 25»5t : Por- tuffiiese East Africa : Keriniba Islands, Peters : Kios de Sena, Peters. 308 CI. VERBEXACE^ (baker). [Clerodendron . Var. macrosiphon, Baker. Brancblets, calyx, and corolla-tube pubescent — C. macrosiphon. Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 6695. XMozaxnb. Slst. (Terman East Africa : in Usaramo, Kirk ! Introduced into cultivation by Sir Jobn Kirk in 1881. 50. C. rotundifolium, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 182, t. 89. A shrub, with densely pubescent woody branchlets. Leaves opposite, distinctly petioled, orbicular, not cordate, crenate, about 8 in. long and broad, obscurely pubescent above when mature, densely pubescent beneath. Cymes terminal, peduncled, lax, few-flowered ; pedicels long, pubescent ; bracts linear. Calyx pubescent, J in. long ; tube short, campanulate ; lobes ovate, acuminate. Corolla-tube slender, pubescent, 2 J in. long, dilated at the apex ; lobes obovate, J-J in. long. Stamens 8 times the length of the corolla-lobes. Xile Iiand. ^British East Africa : Ruwenzori ; Mubuku Valley, in the Toru district, 4000 ft., Scoit-Elliot, 7571 ! Mozamb. I>lst. German East Africa : Karagwe, Speke Sf Grant, 461 ! 51. C. Gre3ni, Baker. A shrub, with finely pubescent branchlets. Leaves opposite, shortly petioled, cordate- ovate, obscurely crenate, del- toid at the apex, 2 in. long and broad, densely pubescent on both sides. Cymes few-flowered, peduncled, forming a lax ample terminal panicle ; branchlets finely pubescent ; pedicels short. Calyx finely pubescent, ■g- in. long; tube campanulate; teeth ovate, rather shorter than the tube. Corolla-tube above 1 in. long; limb oblique, Jin. long; lobes obovate, not reaching down to the base. Stamens curved, twice as long as the limb. vrest Tropical Africa. Without locality. Grey ! 52. C. Welwitschii, Gilrke in Engl. Jahrh. xviii. 174. A climbing shrub, with woody shortly pubescent branchlets. Leaves opposite, distinctly petioled, cordate-ovate, entire, cuspidate, 4-5 in. long, slightly pubescent above, more densely pubescent beneath. Cymes few-flowered, peduncled, terminal and produced from the axils of the upper leaves ; branchlets and short pedicels densely hairy. Calyx densely pubescent, finally J in. long ; tube short, campanulate ; lobes large, ovate, acute. Corolla white; tube IJ in. long, finely pubescent; seiJfments obovate, subequal, -^ in. long. Stamens twice as long as the corolla-lobes. JaO'weT Guinea. Angola : province of Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 5648 ! 53. C, Guerkei, Baker. An erect shrub or small tree, with finely hairy branchlets. Leaves long-petioled, broadly cordate -ovate, 3-6 in. long, acute, entire, deeply cordate at the base, moderately firm, slightly pubescent above, densely pubescent beneath. Cymes lax, produced from the axils of the leaves, forming a small panicle ; pedicels densely pubes- cent, sometimes 1 in. long. Calyx very pubescent, ^ in. long ; lobes ovate, acute, as long as the campanulate tube. Corolla-tube slender, Clerodendron/\ ci. verbenace.e (baker). 309 4 in. long; lobes obovate, J in. long. Stamens much exserted. — C. ro- tundifolium, CJiirke in Hoist. PI. Usam. Exsicc. No. H908a, not of Oliv. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Usainbara ; Kwa Mshuza, Hoist, 8908a ! 54. C. zambesiacum, Baker. An erect shrub, witli shortly pubescent woody braiichlets. Leaves opposite, distinctly petioled, cor- date-ovate, entire, cuspidate, membranous, 5-0 in. long, slightly pubescent above, more densely pubescent beneath. Cymes few- flowered, lax, long-peduncled ; branchlets finely pubescent ; pedicels much longer than the 'calyx. Calyx 1 in. long, densely pubescent; tube short, campanulate ; lobes ovate, acuminate. Corolla white ; tube 3 in. long, pubescent, dilated at the apex ; lobes obovate, subequal, -J- J in. long. Stamens above 1 in. long. Mozamb. I>lst. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Msapa, Buchanan, 359 I and without jirecise locality, Buchanan, 332 ! Zambesilaiul, Kirk ! 55. C. Stuhlmanni, Gilrke in Engl. Jahrh. xviii. 173. A shrub, with velvety branchlets. Leaves distinctly petioled, orbicular or broadly ovate, 2^-5 in. long, acute or cuspidate, entire, velvety on both sides. Cymes peduncled, axillary or forming a terminal panicle; bracts small, linear or subulate. Calyx campanulate, velvety, J in. long, 5-partite nearly to the base ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla-tube 3 in. long, slender, incurved ; lobes unequal. Stamens and style very long. XVXozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Karagwe ; Ihangiro, Stuhhnann, 916, LakG Ikimha, 3500 ft., Stuhlmann, 1631, and Lake Weranyange, 4000 ft., Stuhlmann, 56. C. Poggei, Gilrke in Engl. Jahrh. xviii. 171. A tree or shrub. Leaves long-petioled, ovate-orbicular, cordate, acuminate, 8-10 in. long, 5-0 in. broad, repand and strongly toothed, thinly hairy on both sides. Inflorescence a compact panicle formed of dense sub- sessile cymes ; pedicels long ; bracts lanceolate, pubescent, above \ in. long. Calyx campanulate, 1 in. long ; tube very short ; lobes lanceo- late, very acuminate. Corolla white ; tube curved, 4-5 in. long ; lobes unequal. Stamens very long. Nile I.and. British East Africa: Lendu Plateau. 4500 ft., Stuhlmann, 2702, 2710. South Central. Congo Free State : Lualaba Dist. ; in a Kalebne village, Pogge, 1116. 57. C. thyrsoideiun. Baker. A climbing shrub with stems 25 ft. long ; branchlets glabrous. Leaves opposite, shortly petioled, oblong, entire, cuspidate, deltoid at the base, 6-1) in. long by half as broad, moderately firm, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes lax, few- flowered, forming a leafless thyrsoid panicle 8-12 in. long, with glabrous branchlets; pedicels nearly as long as the calyx. Calyx glabrous, \ in. long ; tube narrowly funnel-shaped ; lobes ovate, much shorter than the tube. Corolla-tube straight, slender, glabrous, above an inch long ; VOL. V. ^' 310 ci. VERBENACE.E (baker). [CUrodendron. lobes oblong, subequal, \ in. long. Stamens twice as long as the corolla-lobes. Xiower Guinea. Gaboon: Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1715! 58. C. myricoides, R. Br. ; Vatke in Linncea, xliii. 535, An erect shrub 3-5 ft. high, with glabrous or pubescent branchlets. Leaves 2-4-nate, subsessile, oblong, acute, deeply toothed, cuneate and entire at the base, 2-6 in. long, membranous, glabrous above, finely pubescent beneath. Cymes lax, few-flowered, forming a short terminal panicle ; branchlets glabrous or finely pubescent. Calyx glabrous, ^ in. long, and broad ; tube campanulate ; lobes short, ovate, obtuse, foliaceous. Corolla-tube very short ; upper lobes obovate, white, J in. long ; lower obovate-cuneate, spoon-shaped, | in. long, usually pale blue. Stamens arcuate, J-1 in. long. Carpels oblong, black, glabrous. — Engl. Hoch- gebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 356. Cyclonema myricoides, Hochst. ; Schauer in DC. Prod. xi. 675 ; Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 5838 ; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 171; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xxix. 133. Upper Guinea. Lagos; mteuor, Rowland ! Wile Z.and. Eritrea : Keren, 4500 ft., Beccari, 296 I Mount Kube, 6000 ft., Schweinfurth Sf Riva, 1518 ! Galahat : Matamnia, Schweinfurth, 41 ! Abyssinia : Tigre ; Mount Sholoda, near Adown, Sckimper, 330 ! Sanien ; Shoata Valley, Schimper, 1140 1 Gliuba Valley, Steudner, 1311! Shoa ; Ankober, Roth, 469! 471 ! Aliu Ambii, Roth, 470 ! and without precise locality, Plowden ! British Enst Africa: Jur ; Jur Ghnttas, Schweinfurth, 1892! Kich ; at Ador village, P ether ick ! Moru ; Neangarii, Petherick ! banks of the White Nile, Petherick ! Euwenzori ; in Wimi Valley, 7000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 7927 ! Nandu ; Nzowi (Nzoia) River, 4000- 6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6684 ! Uganda, Scott-Elliot, 7141 ! Taita ; Ndi Mountain, Scott- Elliot, 6192! lUo'weT Guinea. Lower Congo : Boma, Monteiro ! Angola, Wehoitsch, 5699 ! 5703 ! 5704! 5707 ! 5725 ! Malange, Marques, 10 ! Soutli Central. Congo Free State : Bolobo, on the River Congo, Johnston ! XVXozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Usui, Speke Sf Grant^ 203 ! Unyam- wezi; Msalala, Hannington ! and witliout precise locality, Speke ^' Grant! Kirk! Portuguese East Africa : mouth of the Kongone River, Kirk ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Masuka Plateau, 6500-7000 ft., Whyle ! Shire Highlands, Scott- Elliot, Sb89\ Zomba, TFhi/te, SS \ 99! Mangan.ja. Hills, Waller! Also in Natal. Var. discolor, Baker. Branches very pubescent. Leaves pubescent on both sides, densely hairy beneath. Calyx pubescent. — Cyclonema discolor, Kloiz-ch in Peters, Reise Mossarab. Bot. 262. Nile Zlst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Mount Zomba, 2500- 3500 tt., Whytel 69. C. spinescens, Gilrke i71E71gl.Jahrb.xvm. 180. A shrub with densely pubescent woody branchlets, often armed with small hooked or large straight spines at the nodes. Leaves opposite, suborbicular, shortly petioled, entire, pubescent, at most 1 in. long. Cymes axillary, usually reduced to a single flower ; peduncle very pubescent. Calyx densely hairy, J in. long ; tube campanulate ; teeth ovate, acute, rather shorter than the tube. Corolla tube twice as long as the calyx ; upper segments oblong, ^ in. long ; lower obovate-cuneate, j in. long. Stamens 1 in. long. — Cyclonema spinescens, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XV. 96 and in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 1221. Kalaharia spinipes, Baill. Hist. Plant, xi. 111. K. spinescens, Giirke in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 340; Henriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot. xvi. 69. Jto-wer Guinea. Lower Congo : Stanley Pool, liens, 57 ! Angola, Huilla to Humpata, Johnston ! between the rivers Quihumbo and Lukembe, Marques, 342. Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Upper Congo ; Katanga, Cornet, Lualaba River, Bescamps j Lunda ; at Kimbundn, on the River Lovo, Foyge, 547. XVXozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Unyamwezi ; Lake Shai, on the Upper Wala River, Stuhlmann, 438 ; Gondo, £ohm <^ Heichardt, 161 ; Lake Tans:an>ika, Cameron! British Central Africa; Urnngii ; Fwauibo, Carson, 32! Kambole, 5000 ft., Nutt ! Nyasaland ; Maravi country, in Upper Shire, Kirk ! Nganiihind ; between Kobis and North Shaw Valley, Baines ! Dainaralaiid and Naniaqualand, Fleck, 230, Nets, 30, and Schinz, 456 (ex Giirke). Imperfectly k7iow7i species. 70. C. triflorum. Vis. ; Schauer in DC. Prod. xi. 672. Bninches subtetragonous, canescent. Leaves long-petioled, broadly ovate, .strongly toothed at the middle, with the ribs of the underside raised. Peduncles axillary. Cymes drooping, about 3-flowered ; lateral pedicels bracteolate. 314 CI. VERBENACE^ (baker). [^CUrodendron. Calyx pentagonal ; lobes lanceolate. Corolla-tube three times the length of the calyx ; lobes elliptic. irile ]Land. Nubiw, Visiani. 11. HOLMSKIOLDIA, Retz. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. 1156. Calyx spreading widely from a short urceolate base, very accrescent, obscurely 5-lobed. Corolla-tube incurved, dilated upwards; limb oblique, patent with 5 unequal short lobes. Stamens 4, didynamous, affixed low down in the corolla-tube, exserted ; anthers ovoid, with parallel cells. Ovary entire or obscurely 4-lobed, 4-celled ; ovules solitary, attached laterally. Style long, exserted, bifid at the apex. Drupe enclosed in the urceolate base of the persistent calyx-tube, truncate or lobed ; mesocarp thin; endocarp of 1-4 bony pyrenes. Seed oblong, exalbuminous ; testa membranous. — Erect shrubs with opposite entire or toothed leaves. Cymes axillary or terminal ; bracts small, deciduous. Fruit-calyx sometimes brightly coloured. One other species in India, and a doubtful one in Madagascar. Branches nimrmed , . . . . . . 1. S. tettensis. Branches spinous. Leaves narrowed to the base . . . . 2. H. spinescens. Leaves rounded at the base . . . . . 3. S. mucronata. 1. H. tettensis, Vatke m Linncea, xliii, 586. An erect shrub, with unarmed pubescent branchlets. Leaves obovate, 1-1^ in. long, entire or furnished with 1-2 large teeth on each side, cuneate at the base, thinly pubescent above, densely pubescent beneath ; petiole short. Cymes few-flowered, terminal on the branchlets ; pedicels long, pubescent. Calyx pubescent, finally rigidly coriaceous, 1 in. diam. Corolla pubescent externally ; tube short ; limb sub-bilabiate. Stamens much exserted. Fruit densely villous, deeply 4-lobed at the apex. — Cydonema tettense, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 261. Mozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa : litte, Peters ; between Lupata and Tete, Kirk ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; by the River Shire, Kirk ! 2. H. spinescenSy Vatke in Linncea, xliii. 536. A much-branched erect shrub ; branches armed with woody subulate spines ; young branchlets densely pubescent. Leaves oblong-cuneate, acute, entire, 1-1 J in. long, slightly pubescent above, densely pubescent beneath ; petiole very short. Cymes lax, few-flowered, terminal on the branchlets. Calyx J-J in. diam. in the flowering stage, finally an inch broad, rigidly coriaceous. Corolla J in. long, densely pubescent externally. Stamens reaching to the tip of the corolla-lobes. Fruit densely villous, deeply 4-lobed at the apex. — Cydonema apinescens, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 262. Mozaxnb. Blat. Portuguese East Africa : in the lower part of the Zambesi valley, near Tete, Peters, Kirk! Rolmskioldia.] ci. verbenace^ (baker). 315 3. H. xnucronata, Vaike in Linrupa, xliii. 530. An erect shrub with spine-pointed short branchlets. Leaves ovate, shortly cuspiist. German East Africa : Usaramo ; Hagamoyo, Kirk ! Dar-es- salaam, Hildehrandt, 1167a! Usambara ; Taiiga, Hoht, 2178! T'u/ken.t. 160! Amboni, Hohf, 2570! Kilimanjaro, 5000 ft., Johnston ! 2. V. sulphurea, Baker. A shrub or small tree ; branchlet+i pubes- cent. Leaves simple, opposite, distinctly petioled, oblong or obovate- oblong, entire, acute, moderately tirm, green and finely pubescent on the main ribs on both sides when mature, 3-5 in. long. Cymes forming an ample lax thyrsoid terminal panicle ; branches densely clothed with short stiff drab pubescence ; bracts lanceolate. Flower-calyx campiinu- 318 CI. VERBENACEiE (baker). [Vitex. late, densely pubescent, y^ in. long ; teeth distinct, ovate. Corolla sulphur-yellow, J in. long. Fruit the size of a small pea. IsO'wer Guinea. Angola : in the provinces of Pungo Andongo and Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 5663 ! 5677 ! 5735 ! 5736 ! 3. V. Strickeri, Vatke German East Africa : Usaramo ; Dar-es-Salaam, Sildebrandt, Bagatnoyo, Kirk ! Wile ZiOnd. British East Africa : Mombasa, Wakefield ! 4. V, zanzibarensis, Vatke in Linncea, xliii. 533. A shrub 4-5 yards high ; branchlets shortly pubescent. Leaves 3-5-foliolate, moderately firm, green and glabrous on both surfaces; leaflets 3-5, sessile, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, narrowed to the base, 3-4 in. long, 1 in. broad at the middle; petiole l|-2 in. long. Cymes laxly disposed on the branches of an ample panicle ; branchlets clothed with short whitish pubescence; bracts lanceolate, minute. Calyx campanulate, y^ in. long and broad at flowering, canescent ; teeth 5, minute. Corolla lilac, densely pubescent, J in. long ; tube funnel- shaped ; lobes very small. IWEozaxab. Dlst. German East Africa : Bagamoyo, Rildehrandt, 1303 ! 5. V. Volkensii, Gurke in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. G. 339. A tree; branchlets clothed with yellowish- hairs. Leaves with a long petiole, 5-foliolate ; leaflets subsessile, oblong, acute, entire, moderately firm, slightly pubescent above, densely pubescent beneath ; central one 3-4 in. long. Cymes forming an ample terminal thyrsoid panicle ; branches densely pubescent ; pedicels short. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, Jg— J^ in. long ; teeth small, deltoid. Corolla-tube pubescent, twice as long as the calyx ; lobes small, orbicular. Stamens included. IVIozainb. Dlst. German East Africa : Usambara ; Nderema, Volkens, 132 ! 6. V. NegundOy Linn. ; Schauer in DG. Prod. xi. 684. A shrub or small tree; branchlets coated with white tomentum. Leaves 5-foliolate, moderately firm, green and glabrous above when mature, coated with thin persistent whitish tomentum beneath ; leaflets 5, oblong-lanceolate, entire, acute, rounded at the base, 3-4 in. long, 1 in. broad, the three upper long-petioled ; main petiole 1 J-2 in. long. Vitex.] CI. VERBENACE^ (baker). 319 Cymes forming a dense terminal panicle, with white branchlets ; bracts lanceolate, minute. Flower-calyx cam pan ii late, canescent, y'^- in! long and broad ; teeth very minute. Corolla lavender-blue, ;j'-J in. long. Drupe the size of a small pea. — Vatke in Linna^a, x'liii 533 • Wight, Ic. t. 519 ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 583. ' Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Usaranio ; Dar-es-s.ilaam, Hildehrandt 1254! Also in Tropical Asia and Madagascar. 7. V. Bachanani, Baker in Buchanan, Nyasaland plants, 1801, 15 {name only), and ex Giirke in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 839. Branches clothed with dense drab pubescence. Leaves long-petioled, 5-foliolate ; leaflets oblong, usually acute, entire or obscurely dentate, cuneate at the base, pubescent on both sides, especially beneath ; central leaflet 2-3 in. long, distinctly petioled. Cymes forming an ample thyrsoid panicle, with densely pubescent branches. Calyx carapanulate, jV in. lon«r ; teeth small, deltoid. Corolla-tube cylindrical, less than twice as long as the calyx; lobes small, orbicular. Stamens not protruding beyond the corolla- lobes. XtKozamb. I>ist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Mount Malosa, 40C!0- 6000 ft., Whyte! plains of Zomba, 2500-3000 ft., Whyte ! and witliout precise locality, Buchanan, 318 ! 385 ! 782 ! 8. V. thyrsiflora. Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 152. A tree; branchlets glabrous. Leaves long-petioled, 5-foliolate; leaflets dis- tinctly stalked, obovate-oblong, cuspidate, almost membranous, green and glabrous on the upper surf ace, pale and slightly pubescent beneath, end one 6-8 in. long and 3-3J in. broad at the middle. Cymes forming an ample thyrsoid terminal panicle ; pedicels short, pubescent ; bracts small, linear. Calyx campanulate, ^ in. long ; teeth small, deltoid. Corolla-tube twice the length of the calyx; lobes oblong. Stamens included. Upper Guinea. Lagos : Abeokuta, Harrison, 5 ! in the interior, without precise locality, Rowland I 9. V. Vogelii, Baker. A small tree 15 ft. high; branchlets clothed with short whitish pubescence. Leaves in whorls of 3, simple, oblong, entire, acute, subcuneate or rather rounded at the base, 4-5 in. long, half as broad, subcoriaceous, green, and finally glabrous above, matted all over beneath with persistent whitish pubescence ; petiole 2 in. long. Cymes axillary, peduncled, few-flowered. Flowers not .seen. Fruit-calyx \ in. diam. ; obscurely lobed. Drupe globose, the size of a cherry. Upper Guinea. Southern Bornu ; Musgu, Voyel, 97 ! 10. V. goxnphophyllay Baker. A tree ; branchlets glabrous. Leaves long-petioled, simple, obovate-cuneate, 2-4 in. long, entire, minutely cuspidate, moderately firm, green and glabrous on both sur- faces. Cymes lax, few-flowered, lateral, shortly peduncled. Calyx 320 CI. VERBENACE^ (baker). [Vitex. campanulate, coriaceous, glabrous, subentire, J-J in. diarn. Corolla not seen. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : Dantina, on a laterite plateau, 3000-4000 ft. Scott-Elliot, 5389 ! 11. V. syringaefolia, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 115. A shrub ; branches glabrous. Leaves long-petioled, simple, oblong, acute, entire, rounded at the base, 3-4 in. long, 2-2J in. broad, green and glabrous on bouh surfaces. Cymes sessile, axillary, many-flowered. Fruit-calyx \ in. long, green, glabrous ; teeth small, ovate. Corolla- tube short, cylindrical ; lobes oblong, as long as the tube. TTpper Guinea. Interior of Western Lagos, Rowland ! 12. V. simplicifolia, Oliii. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 133, t. 130, not of C.B. Clarke. A small tree; branchlets woody, glabrous. Leaves simple, ternate, oblong, obtuse or minutely cuspidate, rounded at the base, 6 in. long, 4 in. broad, subcoriaceous, glabrous and rather glossy above, pubescent all over beneath ; petiole glabrous, 2 in. long. Cymes few-flowered, axillary, ped uncled. Flowers not seen. Fruit- calyx J in. diam., obscurely toothed. Drupe oblong, the size of a sloe. lO'lle Iiand. British East Africa : Madi, Speke Sf Orant, 701/5 ! An allied plant gathered by Welwitsch in Angola in the province of Golungo Alio, has occasionally two small accessory leaflets on the lower leaves of the branch. It is a shrub 6-8 ft. high. 13. V. petersiana, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamh. Bot. 264. Branchlets clothed with grey pubescence. Leaves 3-foliolate ; leaflets ovate, acute, inciso-crenate, bright green above, paler beneath ; central one 1 in. long. Cymes axillary at tlie apex of the branchlets, shortly peduncled, pubescent, with a flower on a short pedicel at the fork ; bracts small, linear, villous. Calyx cyathiform, pubescent, 5-dentate. Corolla pubescent, twice as long as the calyx. IVXozamb. I>lst. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zan)besi, at Tete, Peters. 14. V. tettensis, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamh. Bot. 264. Branchlets clothed with pale brown pubescence. Leaves 3-foliolate, crowded at the apex of the branchlets ; leaflets ovate, petioled, shortly cuspidate, more or less serrate, |-1 in. long, glabrous above, pubescent on the ribs beneath. Cymes peduncled, few-flowered, axillary from the end of the branchlets. Calyx cyathiform, 4-5-toothed, sparsely pubescent. Corolla cylindrical, sparsely pubescent outside. Drupe globose, the size of a pea. Mozamb. Blst. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi, at Tete, Peter."!. 15. V. dentata, Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamh, Bot. 265. Branchlets villous with white hairs. Leaves remote, 3-foliolate ; leaflets I Vitex.] CI. vERBENACE.t; (haker). o21 ovate, petioled, shortly cuspidate, furnished with a few large teeth, '^-2}^ in. long, half as broad, bright green and glabrous above, pale beneath with a hairy midrib. Cymes axillary, peduncled ; branchlets pubescent; bracts linear, pubescent. Calyx campanulate, spai-sely pubescent, with 5 very acute teeth. Corolla hairy, three times the length of the calyx. r3rupe small, obovoid. IVIozainb. Bist. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi. :;t Tete, Peiers ! K). V. Kirkii, ^ff^er. A shrub or small tree; branchlets finely pubescent. Leaves trifoliolate, moderately firm, green and glabrous above, pubescent beneath ; leaflets shortly petioled, oblong, obtuse, entire, end one 1-U- in. long; main petiole under 1 in. long. Cymes very lax-flowered, axillary, often 2-3-nate from the apex of the branchlets ; pedicels pubescent ; bracts linear, minute. Calyx campanu- late, pubescent, yV in. long; teeth minute, deltoid. Corolla pink, ^ in. long; lower lip much longer than the upper. Drupe globose, the size of a large pea. IMEozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; Tete, Kirk ! Britisli Centi-al Africa : Northern Zarabesia ; Borunin, Menyharth, 87 •o I 17. V, polyantha. Baker. A shrub or small tree; branchlets short, clothed with short drab pubescence. Leaves 3-foliolate, moderately firm, dark green and glabrous above when mature, paler and pubescent all over beneath; leaflets oblong, acute, entire, sessile, 1— 1 i in. long; main petiole slender, 1-2 in. long. Cymes very numerous, axillary, shortly peduncled, congested; pedicels densely hairy, very short. Calyx campanulate, densely pubescent, j.r in. long, minutely toothed. Corolla small, very pubescent. Srile Xiand. British East Africa: Mombasa, Wakefield ! 18. V. flavescens, Rolfe in Bolet. Soc. Brot. xi. 87. A shrub ; branchlets densely pubescent. Leaves long-petioled, trifoliolate ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, sessile, entire, 2-3 in. long, densely pubescent, especially beneath. Cymes axillary, long-peduncled, few-flowered; branches pubescent; bracts minute. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, | in. long; teeth deltoid, acute. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx ; lobes small, orbicular. Stamens much longer than the lobes.— T. Mec/ioirii, Glirke in Engl. Jahrb.xviii. 1G7 ; Henriquesin Bolet. Soc. Brot. xvi. (!!>. IiO\(rer Guinea. Angola, W^eltcifsch, b7 31 I Malange, in pastures, J/cr^o/r. 247, Marques, 8 ! 19. V. tangensis, Gio-ke in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. ('. :VM). A .shrub 15-20 ft. high ; branchlets clothed with yellowisli hairs. Loaves dis- tinctly petioled, P)-foliolate ; leaflets distinctly stalked, oblong-l.mceolate, 2-3 in. long, acute or acuminate, entire, glabrous above, pubescent and dotted beneath. Cymes dense, axillary, peduncled ; pedicels pubescent ; bracts lanceolate. Calyx campanulate, clothed with yellowish pubes- ;322 CI. VERBENACE.E (baker). [Vitex. cence ; teeth short, broad, acute. Corollas-tube twice the length of the calyx. Stamens exserted. Fruit globose, glabrous, 1 in. or more in diam. IMozaxnb. Bist. German East Africa : Usmnbara; Tanga, Volkens, 92. 20. V. xnadiensis, OUv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 134, ^. 131. A tree ; branchlets pubescent or villous when young. Leaves usually 3-fc)liolate, sometimes simple or 5-foliolate, subcoriaceous, green and glabrous above when mature, hairy especially on the main ribs beneath ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, obtuse or cuspidate, deeply crenate in the upper half, reaching a length of 5-6 in. by half as broad, end one dis- tinctly stalked ; main petiole 3-4 in. long. Cymes dense, axillary, long- peduncled ; branchlets densely hairy ; pedicels very short. Calyx cam- panulate, densely hairy, ^ in. long and broad ; teeth ovate, distinct. Corolla twice as long as the calyx, hairy outside. Fruit edible, the size of a small plum. — V. Schweinfurthii, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 170. wrile Iiand. British East Africa: Jur; Kurshook Ali's Seriba, Schweinfttrth, ser. 3, 48! Jur G\\i^it&%, Schiveinfurth, 1365! 1506! 2030! Denka territory, at Jeranil, Schweinfurth, 1313 ! Madi, Speke ^ Grant, 649 ! Mittu ; near Mvolo, Schivein- furth, 2848. 21. V. Schweinfurthii, Baker. A tree ; branchlets stout, woody, terete, clothed with short soft drab pubescence. Leaves subcoriaceous, 3-foliolate or simple, glabrous above when mature, pubescent all over beneath with raised main veins ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, entire, obtuse or minutely cuspidate ; end leaflet shortly stalked, reaching 5-G in. long by half as broad ; main petiole 2-3 in. long, Cymes lax, axillary, peduncled ; branchlets densely pubescent ; bracts large, linear. Calyx campanulate, \ in. long, densely pubescent ; teeth 5, ovate, distinct. Corolla small, villous outside. Fruit oblong, the size of a small pium, with a calyx J in. diam. Wile Iiand. British East Africa : Denka Territory ; Lao district, Schweinfurth, 1303 ! Jur; Jur Ghattas, Schweinfurth, 1953 ! (iir, Schweinfurth, 1519 ! 22. V. zaxnbesiaca. Baker. A large tree ; branchlets stout, angular, densely clothed with short whitish pubescence. Leaves 3-foliolate, thin, green and obscurely pubescent on the upper surface, densely matted all over with whitish tomentum beneath when young, more thinly when mature ; leaflets sessile, obovate-cuneate, obtuse, entire, end one 4-5 in. long by half as broad; main petiole 3-4 in. long. Cymes axillary, many-flowered, dense, long-ped uncled ; branchlets densely pubescent. Calyx campanulate, densely pubescent, ^ in. long; teeth ovate, acute. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Drupe the size of a plum, edible. Mozaxnb. Dlst. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Shire ; near the base of Morambala Mountain, Kirk ! 23. V, holocalyx, Baker. A shrub 6-8 ft. high ; branchlets densely pubescent. I^eaves 3-foliolate or simple, subcoriaceous, obscurely Vitex.] CI. VERBENACE.+: (ijakek). ;323 pubescent above when mature, finely pubescent all over beneath ; leaflets suborbicular when simple, obovate-cuneate when the leaf is compound, entire or crenate, end one '2-'\ in. long by lialf as broad ; main petiole 2-3 in. long. Cymes axillary, lax, long-peduncled. Calyx campanulate, densely pubescent, nearly J in. long, entire at the throat. Corolla small, densely hairy outside. Fruit unknown. ILower Guinea. Angola: province of Golungo Alto, U't^ltci/.srli, od'MW 24. V. diversifolia, Bake?'. A small tree; branchlets densely clothed with short whitish pubescence. Leaves 3-toliolate or simple, subcoriaceous, green and obscurely pubescent above when njature, densely matted beneath when young and less distinctly so when mature ; leaflets obovate-cuneate or when solitary suborbicular, entire ; end leiiflet shortly stalked, 4-5 in. long, more than half as broad ; main {Xitiole 2-3 in. long. Cymes axillary, long-peduncled ; branchlets densely villous ; pedicels very short. Calyx campanulate L in. long, densely villous; teeth minute. Corolla small, very hairy outside. Fruit globose, the size of a small cherry or plum, with a calyx | in. diam. XTpper Guinea. Lagos: Voruba district, 5(i;>71. V. angolensis, G'iirke in hhujl. Jahrh. xviii. li;7. A tree; branchlets densely pubescent. Leaves 5-foliolate, moderately lirni, green and obscurely pubescent above when mature, paler and i)ube.scent all over beneath ; leaflets oblong-cuneate, obtuse, entire, nearly sessile, end one Ij in. long by ^-in. broad ; main petiole 1 A-:^ in. long. Cymes axillary, shortly peduncled, few-flowered, Calyx campanulate, densely pube^icent, J in. long, distinctly toothed. Corolla-tube twice iis long a.s the calyx ; lobes short. Fruit the size of a large pea. Iiower Guinea. Angola : province of Huilla, 3800-550U ft., Welwitsch, 575H ! •>2. V. grisea. Baker. A tree; branchlets densely clothed with short drab pubescence. Leaves usually 5-foliolate, subcoriaceous, obscurely pubescent above when mature, finely pubescent all over beneath ; leaflets oblong-cuneate, entire, acute, subsessile ; end leaflet ;)-4 in. long, 1-1 1 iv broad at the middle; main petiole 2-o in. long. Cymes dense, axillary, shortly peduncled ; branches and peduncle densely pubescent. Calyx campanulate, densely pubescent, j\j in. long ; teeth deltoid, distinct. Corolla small, hairy outside. Fruit not seen. ^oiver Guinea. Angola : province of Huilla, 3800-5500 ft., Weltrifsc/i, 5759 ! ']o. V. chrysocarpa. Planch, ex Benth. in Hook. Xige)' Fl. 48(1. A shrub or small tree; branchlets shortly pubescent. Leaves sub- coriaceous, ^-5-foliolate, green and glabrous above when mature, densely coated all over wnth drab pubescence beneath ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, entire or crenate, obtuse ; end leaflet shortly stalked, 3-4 in. long, half as broad ; main petiole pubescent, 2-3 in. long. Cymes peduncled, axillary, few-flowered ; branchlets villous. Calyx campanulate, deiusely villous, J in. long ; teeth ovate, distinct. Corolla light blue, hairy, 3 times the length of the calyx. Fruit as large as a plum. Upper Guinea. French Guinea : by the Kiver Niger at Farana, Scott-Elliot, 5383 ! Niger Territory : banks of the Kiver Niger at its confluence with the Kiver Benue, Barter, 888! and in Nupe, Barter, 1214! 1651! Kiver Niger (Quorr.n), Vogel, 142 ! 34. V. sesculifolia, Baker. A tree 30 ft. high ; branchlets densely clothed with short brown pubescence. Leaves r>-foliolate, subcoriaceous ; green and obscurely pubescent above, finely pubescent all over beiu'.ith ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, acute, all quite sessile, entire; end leaflet .'r-C in. long, half as broad; main petiole ".-4 in. long. Cymes axillary, peduncled, with pubescent branchlets. Flowers not seen. Fruit oblong, J- in. long, with a shortly-toothed pubescent calyx \ in. diam. South Central. Congo Free State : Monbuttu ; near Manza, i>chweiMfurth, 3442 ! 320 CI. VERBEXACE.« (baker). [Vitex. 35. V. Hildebrandtii, Vaike in Liimcea, xliii. 534. A tree ; brancblets short, densely pilose. Leaves long-petioled, 5-foliolate ; leaflets sessile, oblong, 2-4 in. long, obtuse, narrowed to the base, entire, green and thinly pubescent above, densely matted with white pubescence beneath. Cymes long-peduncled, dense, axillary ; bi^anches densely pubescent ; pedicels very short ; bracts linear, villous. Calyx campanulate, densely pubescent, -^ in. long ; teeth ovate. Corolla-tube a little longer than the calyx, very hairy ; lobes oblong. Stamens not exserted. BKozamb. Bist. (Jerinan East Africa : Usaramo ; Dar-es-Salaam, Hildebrandf, 1249; Usambara; Tanga, Volkens, 1 ! Hoist, 2101 ! British Central Africa : N^'nsa- land, Buckanan, 118 ! 36. V. Mombassae, Vatke inLinnoda, xliii. 533. A shrub or small tree ; branchlets densely pubescent. Leaves 3-5-i'oliolate, coriaceous, green and thinly pybescent above when mature, densely pubescent all over beneath ; leaflets obovate, quite sessile, entire, obtuse or cuspidate, end one 2-3 in. long by half as broad ; main petiole 1-lJ in. long, densely pubescent. Cymes dense, axillary, shortly peduncled, corym- bose or thyrsoid ; branches densely pubescent. Calyx campanulate, densely pubescent, \ in. long; teeth large, ovate. Corolla yellowish, more than twice as long as the calyx, pubescent outside. Fruit as large as a plum, with a calyx J in. diam. irile land. British East Africa : near Mombasa, Hildebrandt, 1972 ! Kirk I BCozamb* Dist. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, 5000 ft., Johnston ! Usambara ; Bombuera, Hoist, 2196. 37. V. shirensis. Baker. A small tree, with densely pubescent branchlets. Leaves 5-foliolate, coriaceous, green and glabrous above when mature, pubescent beneath ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, obtuse, entire, sessile, end one 3 in. long by more than half as broad : main petioles 3-4 in. long. Cymes axillary, peduncled, few- flowered ; branches densely pubescent ; bracts oblong. Calyx campanulate, densely pubes- cent, ^ in. long ; teeth ovate, distinct. Corolla small, very haiiy outside. Fruit the size of a small plum. Mozamb. Blst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Impembe Hill, 3000 ft. Kirk, 3 ! Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 20 ! Zomba and vicinity, 2500-3500 ft. Whyte ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 231 ! 38. V. Carvalhi, Garke m Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 339. A shrub or tree ; branchlets glabrous. Leaves 5-foliolate ; petiole very long ; leaflets distinctly stalked, elliptical or lanceolate-obovate, 3-4 in. long, acute or cuspidate, irregularly deeply toothed, membranous, glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes lax, axillary, with a very long peduncle. Calyx campanulate, tomentose, 5 toothed. Corolla-tube pubescent. IMLozamb* Sist. Portuguese East Africa : Mozambique, Carvalho ! 39. V. oxycujipisy Baker. A small tree 15-20 ft. high ; branch- lets glabrous. Leaves 3-5-foliolate, membranous, green and glabrous on both sides ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, irregularly crenate, with a large Vitex.] CI. verbenacete (baker). 327 linear-cusp, distinctly stalked, end one 6-8 in. long by less than half as. broad ; main petiole 2-3 in. long. Cymes lax, long-peduncled, axillary ; branchlets glabrous. Flower-calyx campanulate, glabrous, ,\, in. long ; teeth short, deltoid. Corolla glabrous, 3 times the length of 'the calyx.' Fruit unknown. Upper Guinea. Niger Territory : Old Calabar River, Mann, 2243 ! 40. V. oligantha. Baker. A shrub; branchlets slender, pale, glabrous. Leaves 5-foliolate, membranous, green and glabrous on both surfaces ; leaflets oblongs acute, entire, all distinctly stalked, end one 2-3 in. long by half as broad; main petiole slender, glabrous, 1^-2 in. long. Cymes axillary, peduncled, very lax, few-flowered ; branches very slender, glabrous. Calyx campanulate, glabrous, yV in. long ; teeth very short and broad. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx ; limb nearly as long as the tube. Fruit unknown. I^ozamb. Dist. German East Africa : on the coast at Quiloa (Kil\va\ Kirk, 108 ! Kilwa, Kirk ! 41. V. Dewevrei, De Wild, d; Durand in Comptes-rendas. Soc. Hot. Belg. xxxviii. 133. A tree 40-50 ft. high; branchlets glabrous or rufo- pubescent. Leaves long-petioled, r)-foliolate ; leaflets oblong, shortly stalked, 4-7 in. long, l|-2 in. broad, abruptly acuminate, narrowed to the base, entire, shining above, glabrous or subglabrous beneath. Cymes supra-axillary, peduncled ; branches pubescent ; bracts oblong- lanceolate; flowers sessile, bi-bracteolate. Calyx campanulate, ."i-toothed, tomentose, ^ in. long; teeth small, deltoid, acute. Corolla not seen. Fruit globose, black, ^-^ in. diam. Iiower Guinea. Lower Congo : Lukungu, Dewcvre. 42. V. gabunensiSy Gilrke in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 1(17. A shrub 3-4 ft. high ; branchlets glabrous. Leaves 5-foliolate, moderately tirm, green and glabrous on both surfaces ; leaflets oblong-cuneate, entire, all distinctly stalked, end one 8-9 in. long by less than half as broad. Cymes sparse, shortly peduncled. Flowers not seen. Fruit globose, the size of a large pea, with a nearly entire calyx \ in. diam. £ower Guinea. Gaboon: Munda ; Sibange Farm, Soyatix, 163 ! 43. V. divaricata. Baker. A shrub or small tree ; branchlets glabrous. Leaves 5-foliolate, sub-coriaceous, glabrous on both sides ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, entire, obtuse, all distinctly stalked, end one 3 in. long and half as broad ; main petiole 2 in. long. Cymes long- peduncled, axillary, with long divaricate main branches ; branchlets finely pubescent. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, jV in. long; teeth very small. Corolla small, silky outside. Fruit unknown. Upper Guinea. Fernando Po, Milne ! 44. V. lundensiSy Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 1G8. A shrub; branchlets glabrous. Leaves long-petioled, 5-foliolate; leaflets dis- 328 CI. VERBENACE^ (baker). [Vitex. tinctly stalked, oblong-lanceolate, 7-8 in. long. 2-2h in. broad, acute, narrowed to the base, entire, coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes long-stalked, lax, axillary; pedicels short; bracts subulate. Calyx J- J in. long, ferrugino-tomentose ; teeth short, deltoid. Corolla white, ferrugino-tomentose outside ; tube twice the length of the calyx. Stamens scarcely exserted. Soutb Central. Lunda : Kiver Lulua, Pogye, 1260. -tf). V. pachyphylla, i?aA;er. A tree; branchlets glabrous. Leaves 5-foliolate, very rigid, green and glabrous on both surfaces, with main veins much raised beneath ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, obtuse or acute, entire, all distinctly stalked, end one 4-5 in. long and half as broad ; main petiole 2-3 in. long. Cymes axillary, long-peduncled, dense, many- flowei'ed ; branchlets pubescent. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, \ in. long ; teeth very small. Corolla small, silky outside. Fruit the size of a small plum. Iiower Guinea, (laboon : banks of the (niboon River, Mann, 994 I 46. V. cuneata, ScJmmach.ct' Thonn. ; Schauer in DC. Frod. xi. G94. A tall tree; branchlets glabrous, tetragonal. Leaves 5-foliolate, coriaceous, glabrous on both sides ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, entire, all distinctly stalked, end one reaching a length of G-7 in. Cymes axillary, long- peduncled. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, shortly 5-toothed. Corolla scarlet, pubescent ; tube as long as the calyx, densely bearded at the throat. Fruit as large as a plum, blackish, edible. ITpper Guinea. " (iu:nea," Thonning. 47. V. Cienkowskii, KotscJiy d- Peyr. PI. Tinn. 27, t. 12. A tall tree reaching a height of 5U ft. ; branchlets glabrous. Leaves 5-foliolate, coriaceous, glabrous on both sides; leaflets obovate-cuneate, entire, obtuse or slightly cuspidate, all distinctly petioled, end one 4-G in. long and half as broad ; main petiole 2-3 in. long. Cymes dense, axillary, long- peduncled ; branchlets slightly pubescent ; pedicels very short. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, \ in. long ; teeth deltoid. Corolla yellowish- brown, 3 times the length of the calyx, pubescent outside. Fruit the size of a large cherry, edible. — V. 2Kdudosa, Ysitke in Linn?ea, xliii. 534. Upper Guinea. French Guinea : common by the Kiver Niger at Parana, Scott- Elliot, 5211! Lagos, Mil len, 118! Niger Territory: Nnpe, very common, JSartcr, 1108 1 Uor'w, Eoivlarid ! Soutl)ern Bornu : Musgu, J'ogel,&l\ xrile Iist. Zanzibar, A'/>A-, 1 ! Jlildeljrandl, 1123 \ Lake Tanganyika, Cameron ! Portu°riiese East Africa : banks of the Luabo Kiver, Kirk, 40 ! British Vitex.] CI. VERBENACE^ (baker). 329 Central Africa : N^asalaud ; jVlagomero, Meller, T) \ Lake N^asa, Kirk! Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 80 ! Karoiiga, Scott I " Fruit the size of a cherry ; black plum of Sierra Leone, ' Kdi ' of Xupe ; edible." (Barter). 48. V. Poggei, Gilrke in Enyl Jahrb. xviii. 1G8. A shrub, with glabrous branchlets. Leaves long-stalked, 5-foliolate ; leaflets sliortly stalked, oblong ; end leaflet G-7 in. long, 2~'2l in. broad, acute or acuminate, coriaceous, quite glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes long- peduncled, axillary, lax, few-flowered ; pedicels short ; bracts linear. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, \ in. long ; teeth deltoid, half as long as the tube. Drupe globose, pubescent at the apex. Tropical "West Africa. Without locality, probably from Luiida or Angola, Pogge, 1255. 40. V. mossambicensis, Gilrke in Engl. Pji. Ost-Afr. C. 340. A shrub or tree. Leaves long-petioled, 5-foliolate ; leaflets shortly stalked, ovate, 1|-2J in. long, acuminate, rounded at the base, entire, mem- branous, glabrous above, bearded in the axils of the veins beneath. Cymes with a long peduncle, lax, axillary. Calyx tubular-campanu- late, minutely toothed, pubescent upwards. Corolla-tube short : upper lip bearded. Mozamb. Bist. Portuguese East Africa : Mozambique, Carvalho. 50. V. Welwitschii, Gilrke in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. !()(;. A small tree, ] 2-20 ft. high ; branchlets clothed with short pubescence. Leaves 5-foliolate, moderately firm, green and glabrous above when mature, finely pubescent beneath ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, entire, conspicuously cuspidate, shortly stalked, end one 3-4 in. long by half as broad ; main petiole 2-0 in. long. Cymes dense, axillary, many-flowered, shortly peduncled. Calyx campanulate, ^ in. long, densely pubescent. Corolla small, violet. Fruit unknown. ^O'wer Guinea. Angola : in the province of (iolungo Alto, IVelwitsch, 56-14 I 51. V. axnboniensis, Gierke in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 340. A shrub ; branchlets clothed with yellowish hairs. Leaves long-petioled, 5-foliolate ; leaflets long-stalked, oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 J in. long, very acuminate, narrowed to the base, entire, glabrous above, pubescent and gland-dotted beneath. Fruit ellipsoid, 1 in. long, mucronate, glabrous, spotted with white. IVXozainl). Bist. German East Africa: Usambara; Amboni, JloUf, 2578! Portuguese East Africa : between Lupata and Tete, Kirk, 2 I British Central Africa : Boruma, on the Zambesi, Menyharth, 762 ! 52. V. andongensiSy Baker. A tree ; branchlets clothed with short drab pubescence. Leaves 5-foliolate, subcoriaceous, green and glabrous above when mature, clothed all over with drab pubescence beneath ; leaflets oblong, acute, entire, all di.stinctly stalked, end ono 380 CI. vERBENACEiE (baker). . [Vitex. 4 in. long and 2 in. broad at the middle; main petiole ?>— 4 in. long. Cymes axillary, shortly peduncled ; branches very pubescent. Calyx campanulate, yV in. long, densely clothed with pale drab pubescence ; teeth obscure. Corolla small, very hairy outside. Fruit not seen. :Lo\irer Guinea. Angola : province of Pungo Andongo, Welioitsch, 5696 ! 53. V. laevigata, Baker. A tree, with white bark; branchlets finely pubescent. Leaves 5-foliolate, subcoriaceous, green and glabrous above when mature, pale green and finely pubescent all over beneath ; leaflets oblong-cuneate, entire, subacute, all distinctly stalked, end one 3-4 in. long by half as broad ; main petiole 3-4 in. long. Cymes axillary, shortly peduncled. Flowers not seen. Fruit the size of a small plum, with a shortly-toothed calyx J in. diam. Mozamb. JDist. German East Africa : Usaramo ; Dar-es-Salaam, Kirk ! 54. V. pubenila, Baker. A tree ; branchlets clothed with short drab pubescence. Leaves coriaceous, 5-foliolate, green and glabrous above when mature, pubescent beneath ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, entire, obtuse, distinctly stalked, end one 3 in. long and half as broad ; main petiole 2-3 in. long. Cymes dense, axillary, shortly peduncled ; branches finely pubescent. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, -^ in. long ; teeth deltoid, distinct. Corolla small. Fruit not seen. IiO-wer Guinea. Angola : province of Pungo Andongo, WelwitscTi, 5668 ! 55. V. golungensis. Baker. A shrub 8-12 ft. high ; branchlets clothed with short pubescence. Leaves moderately firm, 5-foliolate, green and obscurely pubescent on both sides when mature ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, entire, obtuse or cuspidate, all distinctly stalked, end one 5-6 in. long by half as broad ; main petiole 5-C in. long. Cymes dense, axillary, long-peduncled ; branches clothed with adpressed pubescence. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, yV in. long ; teeth deltoid, distinct. Corolla small. Fruit not seen. ]Lower Guinea. Angola : province of Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 5635 1 56. V. milanjiensis, Britten in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. 36. A shrub ; branchlets finely pubescent. Leaves long-petioled, 5- foliolate ; leaflets shortly-stalked, obovate-oblong, 3-6 in. long, obtuse, emarginate, cuneate at the base, entire, moderately firm, green and pubescent on both surfaces. Cymes long-peduncled, dense, axillary; branches pubescent ; bracts linear. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, ^ in. long ; teeth deltoid. Corolla pilose ; tube scarcely longer than the calyx. Stamens included. Mozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Xyasaland ; Stevenson Road, 5000- 6000 it., Scott-Elliot, 8282! Shire Highlands, Scott-Elliot, m22.\ ^lonnt Zomba, Whyte ! Mount Mlanji, Whyte ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 79 ! 194 I 57. V. Fischeriy GUrke in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 171. A shrub; branchlets clothed with yellow tomentum. Leaves long-petioled, { Viiex.] CI. VERBENACE^ (baker). 331 5-foliolate; leaflets distinctly stalked, oblong, 4 in. long, 2 in. broad, shortly acuminate, narrowed to the base, entire, scabrous above, tomen- tose beneath. Cymes long-stalked, axillary, dense ; pedicels short, pubescent ; bracts linear-subulate. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, |-J in. long ; teeth very short and broad. Corolla-tube pubescent, a little longer than the calyx. Stamens scarcely exserted. Wrile Xiand. British East Africa ; Uganda, common, Scott-Elliot, 7252 ; 7411 ! nCozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Kageyi, on Lake Victoria, Fischer, 476 ! Uzinja, Stuhlmann, 3576 ; Kimsani Plateau, Stuhlmann, 3894 : Mwanza, Stuhlmann, 4137, 4184. 58. V. Buchneri, Gurke in Engl. Jahrh. xviii. KJG. A shrub; branches finely tomentose upwards. Leaves long-petioled, 5-foliolate ; leaflets very shortly stalked, obovate, 4-5 in. long, apex shortly cuspi- date, narrowed to the base, pubescent above, densely feiTugino- tomentose beneath. Cymes long-stalked, axillary, lax ; branches ferrugino-tomentose ; pedicels long ; lower bracts lanceolate. Calyx campanulate, \ in. long; teeth lanceolate-deltoid, acute. Corolla-tube rather longer than the calyx ; anticous lobe cuneate, deeply dentate. Stamens shortly exserted. Xiower Guinea. Angola : Kassambo, Buchner, 574. 13. AVICENNIA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii. 1160. Calyx short, 5-partite, not accrescent ; segments oblong, imbricate. Corolla<-tube short, funnel-shaped ; limb patent, usually 4-lobed, rarely 5-lobed. Stamens 4, inserted at the throat of the corolla-tube ; filaments short, filiform ; anthers ovoid, with parallel cells. Ovary with a 4- winged central axis, imperfectly 4-celled ; cells 1-ovuled ; style short, bifid at the stigmatose apex ; ovules pendulous from the central axis. Fruit capsular, compressed, 2-valved. Seed by abortion usually solitary ; coats of the ovule imperfectly developed ; cotyledons longitudinally folded ; radicle inferior, villous ; plumule growing out before the seed falls, as in Rhizophora. — Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, entire, coriaceous, petioled. Flowers small, aggregated in globose heads, each flower subtended by a bract and a pair of bracteoles. Species 3 or 4, inhabiting the tropical shores of both hemispheres. Corolla-lobes white, pubescent inside . . . .1. A. africana. Corolla-lobes bright yellow, glabrous inside . . . 2. A. officinalis. 1. A. africana, P. Beauv, Fl. Owar. i. 80, t. 47; Schaiver in DC. Prod. xi. 699. A shrub or tree, reaching to a height of 40 ft. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 3-6 in. long, 1-1 i in. broad at the middle, acute or obtuse, narrowed gradually to a short petiole, very coriaceous, dull green above, clothed with thin whitish or drab tomentum beneath. Spikes produced from the axils of the leaves and forming a small terminal panicle ; peduncles finely tomentose ; bracts broad, ovate. \-\ in. long. Calyx-segments small, oblong. Corolla-lobes as long a.s the tube, white, pubescent on both surfaces. Style ^a-^V ^^' ^^^g- 332 CI. VERBENACE-E (baker). [Avicennia. Fruit ovoid-cuspidate, compressed, l-li in. long. — Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 487 ; Durand .^' De Wild, in BulL Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 125. Upper Guinea. Senegal : Dollinf/er, 73 ! Roger, 75 ! Senegainbia : Island of St. IjOwxSjB runner, 1 ! Sierra Leone, Mann, vii. ! Don ! Scott-Ellioi, 4120 I Liberia : Cape Palmas, Vogel ! Lagos, Itoicland I Niger Delta: Brass, ^ajYer, 46 ! Grand Bassa, Vo(jel,\0\ ! Caineroons : Bahuiga, ^rt/(^5, 195 ! Fernando Po, MiZwe .' Mann, 2311 Xiower Guinea. Portuguese Congo : Chinchocbo, Soymix, 60 ! Angola, Welwitseh, 5641 ! 5709 ! 5726 ! Congo ; Banana marsh, Dupuis. Perhaps not distinct specifically from the American A. nitida, Jacq. 2. A. officinalis, Linn. ; Schauer in DC. Prod. xi. 700. A shrub or small tree ; branchlets clothed with thin whitish tomentum. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1 i-o in. long, |-1 in. broad at the middle, acute or obtuse, narrowed gradually to a short petiole, rigidly coriaceous, green and glabrojus above, clothed with thin white tomentum beneath. Spikes globose, terminal and axillary, on short square tomentose peduncles ; bracts broadly ovate, J-y.^ in. long, margined with whitish tomentum. Corolla-lobes ovate, bright yellow, glabrous inside. Style short or scarcely any. Fruit ovoid, compressed, 1 in. long. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 178 ; Vatke in Linnaea, xliii. 539 ; Klotzsch in Peters, Beise Mossamb. Bot. 260 ; Terracciano in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, v. 101 ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 604. A. tomentosa, Jacq. ; Wight, Ic. t. 1481. XTile Iiand. Red Sea : Harnish Island, Slade, 2 ! Dalac Archipelago, Steudner, 1307! Nubia: sea coast about 21° X. latitude, J5ew^ / l>itrea: Massowa, Ehren- herg, Q,uartin- Dillon, Hildebrandf, 731, Schtveinfurth ^ Riva, 61, Schech Said, Beccari. Somaliland : Aloola, near Bunder Mnrayah, Play fair I Bay of Anfilah, Terracciano. British East Africa : Mombasa, Wakefield ! Mozamb. I>ist. German East Africa: L^sambara; Tanga, J^olkens, 1601 Muoa, Hoist, 3059 ! Usaramo ; Dar-es-Salaam, Hildehrandi, 1241 ! Portuguese East Africa : Zambesi Delta; mouth of the Kongone River, Kirk ! mouth of the Luabo River, Kirk, 11! 45! luhambane, Peters. Also ill Egypt, Natal, and the tropiciil shores of Loth hemispheres. Order Oil. LABIATE (by J. G. Baker). Flowers hermaphrodite, irregular. Calyx inferior, gamosepalous, persistent, often accrescent ; limb usually 5-toothed, sometimes bilabiate or G-10-toothed. Corolla gamopetalous ; limb usually bilabiate, 2 lobes being represented by the upper lip and 3 by the lower. Stamens epipetalous, usually 4, didynamous, sometimes reduced to 2 ; anthers usually 2-celled ; cells parallel or divaricate, often confluent. Hypo- gynous disk thick and fleshy. Ovary superior, 4-lobed ; style produced from the centre of the lobes, forked at the tip. Fruit of 4 nucules, usually included in the persistent calyx. Seeds solitary in the nucules, erect; albumen scanty or wanting ; cotyledons flat or convex; radicle short, inferior. — Herbs or shrubs, rarely scandent ; stems usually 4 -angled. Leaves exstipulate, opposite or verticillate (very rarely alternate), crenate or entire, sessile or petioled, usually simple, often. CII. LABIAT/E (rAKEH). 383 as are the other parts of the plant, furnished with glandular dots. Flowers verticillate, the two cymes which form the whorl usually con gested into umbels; bracts minute or large and foliaceous; pedicels often bracteolate. Species about 3000. Cosmopolitan. Tribe I. Oclxnoldeae. — Stamens decimate. Calyx-tube not closely ribbed. Lower iip of tbe corolla small, and not very concave. Corolla-tube short. Style bifid at the tip. Upper tooth of the calyx decurrent. Upper tooth of calyx not wrapped round the others in fruit ... Upper tooth of calyx wrapped round the others in fruit ....... Upper tooth of calyx not decurrent. Whorls of flowers separated. Calyx with 2 entire lips Calyx 5-toothed. Calyx accrescent ..... Calyx not accrescent .... Whorls congested into a dense capitnhnn Corolla-tube long. Style not bifid .... Lower lip of the corolla large, concave. Lower lip of corolla not abruptly deflexed. Stamens 2. Fruit-calyx berry-like Stamens 4. Filaments free to the base. Frnit-calyx, not circumscissile, very large, accrescent ...... Fruit-calyx, not circumscissile, witli 5 large, prickle-like teeth ..... Fruit-calyx circumscissile above the base. Leaves alternate ..... Leaves opposite. ..... Calyx not circumscissile, 5-toothed; teeth sub- equal or upper broader, not prickle-like Filaments, united towards the base (see, t»o, Plectranthiis insolitus). Calyx with 2 oblong lips .... Calyx 5-toothed. Upper tooth ovate : 4 lower mucronate Upper tooth large, ovate ; 4 lower small, deltoid; calyx irregularly circumscissile near the base ..... Teeth ovate, subequal .... Teeth all orbicular, very accrescent Upper tooth large, concave, deflexed ; 4 lower small ; calyx not circumscissile . Lower lip of corolla abruptly deflexed Calyx-tube with many close ribs ..... Tribe IT. Satureineae. — Stamens 4 in the Tropical African genera, arcuate or divergent. CoroUa-lips small, not very concave. Nucules with a small basal areole. 1 UCI.MU.M. 2. EHYTl£IiOC}{LA.MY 3. Platvstoma. 4. Geniosi'ohi'.m. 5. MOSCHOSMA. 6. ACROCEIMIALl'S. 7. Orthosipuox. 8. Ho-SLUNDIA. 9. Alvesia. 10. Pycnostackvs. 11. ICOMUM. 12. /KOL.WTHU.s, 13. Plectkanthi.s. 14. SOLEXOSTEMON. 15. COLETS. 16. Neomuellera. 17. ExOLERAiSTRTM. 18. ("VPITAXVA. 19. AXISGCHII.US. 20. Hyptis. 2\. l.A\ AM>t I A. 334 CII. LABIATE (baker). Calyx with 5 subequal teeth. Corolla not distinctly bilabiate. Anther- cells divaricate Anther-cells parallel Corolla distinctly bilabiate . Calyx distinctly bilabiate. Calyx -teeth large Calyx-teeth small 22. Elsholtzia. 23. Mentha. 24. MiCROMERIA. 25. Thymus. 26. Calamintha Tribe III. Monardeee. — Stamens 2, arcuate. Upper lip of the corolla large, concave. Nucules with a small basal areole. Calyx 5-10-ribbed Calvx 5-ribbed Anthers 2-celled Anthers 1 -celled ........ Tribe IV. xrepeteae. — Stamens 4, arcuate, the upper pair longest. Upper lip of the corolla large, con- cave. Nucules with a small basal areole. The only genus ........ Tribe V. stachydeae. — Stamens 4, arcuate, the lower pair longest. Upper lip of cotolla large, concave. Nucules with a small basal areole. Calyx with 2 entire lips ....... Calyx 5-10-toothed, sometimes sub-bilabiate, but then lips 2- or 3- or more-toothed. Calyx 5-toothed Nucules scaly at the tip . Nucules naked at the tip. Disk equal. Corolla-tube included. Corolla-tube exserted. Disk oblique ....... Calyx 8-10-toothed, rarely with fewer teeth. Calyx not bilabiate. Stamens included in the corolla-tube Stamens exserted from the corolla-tube. Lobes of style subequal ..... Lobes of style unequal. Lower lip of corolla long .... Lower lip of corolla short .... Calyx-limb bilabiate, scariose . . . . . Tribe VI. AJngroldeae. — Stamens 4, arcuate. Upper lip of corolla short. Nucules obovoid, reticulated, with a broad lateral areole. Calyx bilabiate, very accrescent. Corolla-tube scarcely longer than the calyx . Corolla-tube much longer than the calyx Calyx 5- toothed, scarcely accrescent. Upper lip of corolla truncate ..... Upper lip of corolla erect, bifid ..... 27. Meriandra. 28. Salvia. 29. Nepeta. 30. Scutellaria. 31. ACHYROSPERMUM. 32. Stachys. 33. Lamium. 34. Lasiocorys, 35. acrotome. 36. Ballota. 37. Leucas. 38. Leonotis. 39. Otostegia. 40. Tinnea. 41. Renschia. 42. Teucrium. 43. Ajuga. 1. OCIMUM, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii. 1171. Calyx deflexed in fruit ; tube usually campanulate ; upper lip orbicular or ovate, the edges often decurrent ; lateral lobes usually Ocimiim. CII. LABIAT.E (baker). 335 smaller than the two mucronate lower ones. Corolla-tube not longer than the calyx ; limb bilabiate, upper lip 4-lobed, lower scarcely longer, nearly flat. Stamens didynamous, declinate ; filaments free, upper pair often appendiculate above, the base with a tooth or tuft of h;»irs • anthers 1-celled. Disk of 1-4 glands. Style shortly bitid at the apex. Nucules ovoid or subglobose, smooth or punctate. — Herbs or siirubs. Leaves usually petioled and crenate. Racemes of numerous whorls- bracts usually small and deciduous. Flowers usually white, small or of medium size. Species 60, widely spread through the warmer regions of botli houiisphere«, some extensively cultivated and used for pot-lierbs and medicinally. *OciMODoy. Filaments of the upper stamens with a tooth near the base. Annuals. Stem and leaves nearly glabrous . Stem and leaves covered with tine white down Perennials. tFlowers small (corolla under \ in. long). Stamens not or but little exserted. Herbaceous. Leaves slightly hairy. O. hasilicum. O. cauum. Racemes lax ... . 3. 0. VI ride. Racemes dense . . 4. 0. trichodon. Leaves densely hairy 5. 0. suave. Shrubby. Leaves subsessile, linear-lanceolate . 6. 0. Stirheyl. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong . 7. 0. tortnosum. Stamens much exserted. Leaves lanceolate or linear. Leaves \-\ in. long. Leaves linear . 8. 0. scopariu-m. Leaves lanceolate . 9. 0. Fischer i. Leaves 3-4 in. long . 10. 0. glossophyllum. Leaves oblong .... . 11. 0. menthcpfolium. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong. Calyx pubescent . 12. 0. kilitnand- scharicutn Calyx densely coated with white tomentum . 13. 0. foment usum. tt Flowers large. Herbaceous perennials. Leaves linear. Whorls of flowers 1 or 2 . . 14. 0. lineari/oliuM. Whorls of flowers many . . 15. 0. poggeanum. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Leaves |^-1 in. long . 16. 0. mode stum. Loaves 1-2 in. long. Racemes short . 17. 0. iStuhlmanni Racemes long . 18. O.Jimhriatum. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate. Racemes long, lax . . 19. 0. afine. Racemes short, dense . 20. 0. Schteexnfurthii. Undershrubs, with woody branches. 33C CII. LABIAT.E (baker). [Ocimum. Stems simplo ...... Stems much branched. llacemes capitate ..... Racemes not capitate .... **HiEROCiMUM. — Filaments of the upper stamens with of hairs near the base. Annual ........ Perennials. Flowers small. Leaves oblong-lanceolate .... Leaves ovate-lanceolate ..... Leaves ovate. Stamens not exserted. Fruit-calyx ^ in. long Fruit-calyx \ in. long Stamens slightly exserted. Leaves very small . Leaves not very small Stamens much exserted. Raceme capitate Raceme lax Flowers large. Raceme short, dense Raceme long, lax. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate Leaves ovate ***GrMNOCiMUM. — Filaments of the upper stamens without either a tooth or a tuft of hairs near the base. Annuals. Tube of fruit-calyx carapanulate . Tube of fruit-calyx oblong-cylindric Perennials. Leaves linear Leaves lanceolate Leaves ovate-oblong. Whorls few-flowered Whorls many-flowered Leaves ovate. Leaves slightly hairy Loaves villous 21. O. usaramense. . 22. . 23. 0. Descampni. 0. filamentosum. a tuft . 24. 0. gracile. . 25. . 26. 0. Camporum. 0. citriodorum. . 27. . 28. 0. Hanningtonii. 0. Rothii. . 29. . 30. 0. thymoides. 0. midehrandtii . 31. . 32. 0. capitatutn. 0, Johnstonii. . 33. 0. punctatum. . 34. . 35. 0. knynnum. 0. lamiifolium. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. O. dichotomum. O. tereticaule . O. verticillifoHum. O. rigidum. 0. stamuiosum. O. Buchananii. O. laxiflorum. O. membranaceum. 1. O. basilicum, Linn. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 32. An erect annual, with much-branched glabrous or sh'ghtly pubescent stems 1-2 ft. long. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, membranous, 1-2 in. long, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Kacemes moderately dense, the end one finally 6-9 in. long ; rhachis slightly pubescent ; pedicels very short ; bracts ovate, about as long as the whorls. Calyx finally | in. long; upper lobe orbicular, much longer than the very short campanulate tube ; lower lobes deltoid-mucronate, protruding beyond the upper. Corolla J-J in. long, white, or tinged more or less with purple. Stamens slightly exserted, the posticous filaments appendiculate with a tooth Ocimum.] cii. lariat.e (baker). 337 above the base. — Benth. in Hook. Niger FI. 488 ; Schweinf. Beitr. FJ. Aethiop. 125; Hayne, Gewachs. xi. t. 3; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. (108. 0. yraveolens, A. Br. in Flora, 1841, i. 265. 0. petitianum A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 170. Upper Guinea. Gambia: north bank of the Kiver frainbia, Ozanne ! Siena Leone, Don, Mias Turner I Cape Verd Islands : 8t. Nicohio, Bolle I Lagos, Rotoland ! Fernando Po, Tog el, 80 ! STile Ziand. Nubia: Donsola, cultivated, JE'/i/Vigrti^-r// / Kritrea : Mount (Jhedem, near Massowa, 480-1000 ft., Schweinf urfh <^ Riva, 9G I Kordofan : Schitiingul,iy««c/, 175 ! Arashkol Mouncain, Kotschy, 197 ! Ethiopia, Kots-chy, 198 1 Darfur, Purdi/, 91 ! Abyssinia : Chelicut, Fefit ! XMEozamb. X>lst. Geripan East Africa : Usambara ; Amboni, Hoist, 2S02 1 Portuguese East Africa : Kios de Sena, Peters j Inhainbaiie, Scott I Unangu to Lake Shirwa, Johnson, 76 ! Widely spread in Tropical Asia, and often cultivated. 2. O. canum, Si7ns in Bot. May. t. 2452; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. o2. All erect much-branched annual, with densely pubescent stems 1-2 ft. long. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate or lanceolate, more or less pubescent, 1-2 in. long, entire or obscurely crenate. Racemes mode- rately dense, 3-6 in. long ; axis very pubescent ; pedicels very short ; bracts small, ovate, deciduous. Calyx finally ^ in. long ; upper lobe oibicular, much longer than the hairy very short campanulate tube ; lateral lobes minute ; two lower deltoid, mucronate, protruding beyond the upper. Corolla white, J in. long. Stamens much exserted, the posticous pair appendiculate at the base. — Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 487; Vatke in Linnee State : Mombnttu ; Munza, Schwein/urth, 3391 ! bctneen Lusambo and the Loniami River, Laurent. XVXozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Usambara ; Amboni, Hoist, 2841 ! British Central Africa: Nyasalaiid ; ISIonkey Bay, H)00 ft., Whyte ! Tanganyika Plateau, at Fort Hill, Whyte! Widely spread in Tropical Asia, often cultivated. 3. O. viride, Willd. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. ;J4. A perennial 3-6 ft. high, with much-branched glabrous stems. Leaves distinctly petioled, oblong, acute, membranous, 3-4 in. long, glabrous on hM\ sides, or obscurely pubescent beneath. Ricemes lax, copiously 338 cii. LABiAT.E (baker). [Ocimum. panicled, 3-6 in. long; rhachis finely pubescent; bracts deciduous; pedicels not very short. Calyx J in. long ; tube campanulate ; upper lobe orbicular, as long as the tube ; lower teeth short. Corolla half as long again as the calyx-lobes. Stamens but little exserted, the two upper with filaments toothed above the base. — Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 488 ; Henriques in Bolet Soc. Brot. x. 149. 0 . fehrifugum^ Lindl. in Bot. Beg. t. 753. 0. heptodon, P. Beauv. Fl. Owar. ii. 59. t. 94. Upper Guinea* Senegambia, cultivated, Heudelot. Sierra Leone, Barter ! Johnston ! Scott-Elliot, 3950 ! Niger Territory : Benin, Beauvois j Cross River, Holland, 36! Cameroons : Batanga, Bates, 60! Bipinde, Zenker! Fernando Po, Vogel, 4 ! Barter ! Jtovrer Guinea* Lower Congo : Stanley Pool, Hens, 337 ! Angola ; provinces of Pungo Andongo and Golungo Alto, Welwitsch, 5564 I 5572 ! 5575 ! Island of St. Thomas, Don, Moller. 4. O. trichodon. Baker ex Gierke in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 350. A large bush-like perennial, with erect much-lDranched shortly pubes- cent stems. Leaves long-stalked, large, oblong or ovate-oblong, crenate, thin, slightly pubescent on both surfaces. Racemes dense, continuous except at the very base ; whorls many-flowered ; pedicels very short ; bracts orbicular-cuspidate, about as long as the flowers. Calyx finally \ in. long; upper lip orbicular, as long as the campanulate tube; lower teeth very small. Corolla scarcely longer than the calyx. Stamens not exserted ; posticous filaments with a hairy tooth above the base. Mozamb. Blst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Blantyre, common, Buchanan, 161 ! Kondowe to Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte, 327 ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 34 ! Cameron, 4 ! 5. O. suave, Willd. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 35. A much- branched erect herbaceous perennial with pubescent stems. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, acute, crenate, 3-4 in. long, densely pubescent, especially beneath. Bacemes dense, copiously panicled, finally 6-9 in. long ; axis densely pubescent, pedicels not very short ; bracts ovate, deciduous. Calyx finally \ in. long ; upper lobe orbicular, as long as the hairy campanulate tube ; lateral lobes minute ; lower small, deltoid, shorter than the upper, finally inflexed. Corolla not much longer than the calyx, whitish or tinged with purple. Stamens shortly exserted, the posticous pair with a tooth at the base. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 176 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 357 ; Vatke in Linnjea, xxxvii. 314. 0. meitthoefolium, Hochst. ex Benth., I.e. ex parte. 0. anA)8urum, Fenzl in Flora, 1844, 312. 0. gratissimum, var. suave, Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 609. irile ILand. Ethiopia, Kotschy, 580 ! Eritrea : Haichello Rokob, to the north of Acrur, 5200 ft., Schweinfarth Sf Siva, 1108! Keren, Beccari, 52! Abyssinia; Tigre ; Mount Sholodn, near Adowa, Schimper, 109 ! 1860 ! Wojerat, Quartin-Dillon ! and without precise locality, Schimper, 259 ! Quartin-Dillon Sf Petit, 5 ! British East Africa: Mittu ; between Kero and Ngama, Schweinfarth, 2800 1 Taita ; Ndara Plain, midebrandt, 2407 ! liower Guinea. German South-west Africa : Amboland ; Olukonda, Schinz, 571 Ocimum.'] cii. labiat.e (baker). 3?,9 BSozamb. Blst. Zanzibar, Hildehrandt, 1000 I 1001 ! German East AfrifH : Usambara ; Masheua, i?o/*^ 8738 ! Portuguese East Africa: Rios de Sena, P^/. 187! 8. O. scoparitun, Gilrke in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 350. An under- shrub with glabrous erect branches. Leaves sessile, linear, glabrous, h-l in. long. Racemes lax : bracts very acuminate, deciduous. Calyx broadly campanulate ; upper tooth suborbicular, not cuspidate, with slightly decurrent edges ; lateral teeth truncate, with ciliated mHrfrins ; lower setaceous. Corolla a little longer than the calyx. Stamens much exserted ; upper filaments toothed near the base. nKozaxnb. Blst< German East Africa : south of Lake Victoria, at Ukome, ^tuhlmann, 889, and at Kageyi, Stuhlmann, 3489. 9. O. Fischeriy GUrke in Engl. Jahrh, xix. 195. Stem shrubby, tomentose. Leaves shortly petioled or subsessile, lanceolate, J-1 in. or more long, \-\ in. broad, acute or subobtuse, entire, narrowed to the base, pubescent above, tomentose beneath. Racemes long, simple ; 340 cii. LABiAT.K (baker). [Ochufm. pedicels ^\^ ^\ in. long; bracts twice as long as the calyx. Calyx finally ^ in, long, tomentose, reflexecl in fruit and adpressed to the stem ; lateral teeth ovate, mucronate ; lower very acuminate. Corolla nearly J in. long. Stamens nearly twice as long as the lower lip ; filaments of the upper pair toothed at the base. Xrile Iiand. British East Africa : between TaiU and Wanga, Fischfr, 509. 10. O. glossophyllum, Briquet iv Kngl. Jahrh. xix. 1(12. An undershrub, with branchlets pubescent towards the apex. Leaves crowded into whorls at the base of the racemes, petioled, linear-lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, J-J in. broad, acuminate, entire, coriaceous, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Raceme long, lax ; pedicels very pubescent, |-1 lin. long ; bracts deciduous. Flower-calyx pubescent, ^-i in. long ; tube tinged with violet : upper tooth broadly ovate ; lateral teeth truncate; lower setaceous. Corolla protruding | in. from the throat of the calyx. Stamens much exserted. Iiovirer Guinea. Angola : Kuango River, Foycje, 354. 11. O. menthaefolium, Hocltst. ex parte ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. ?A. Very like 0. ccmum, but perennial. Stems erect, much-branched, densely pubescent, 1-2 ft. long. Leaves distinctly petioled, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, pubescent, 1-H in. long, entire or obscurely crenate. Racemes lax, finally 4-6 in. long ; rhachis densely pubescent ; bracts deciduous; pedicels very short. Calyx ^ in. long; tube campanulate, very short, densely hairy ; upper lobe orbicular ; lateral teeth deltoid, minute ; lower connate high up, cuspidate, protruding beyond the upper. Corolla twice as long as the calyx ; tube short. Stamens much exserted; upper filaments with a tooth near the base. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 175 ; Vatke in Linn?ea, xxxvii. ?)14 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 357. srile Iiand. Nubia : Hoi* Tamanib, Lord ! sea-coast, Bent ! Kordofan : Gebel Kurbag, Pfund, 483! Obeid, Kot.tchy, 263! Abyssinia: Tigre ; on hills in the .felajeranne district, Schimper, 1599 ! near Adowa, Schimper, 294 ! Shire, Quarfin- Dillon Sf Petit ! and without precise locality, Schimper, 190 ! 425 ! Q,uartin-DlUoii Sf Petit ! Sonialiland : Adda Galla, James ^ Thrupp ! Also in Arabia. 12. O. kilimandscharicum, Gilrke in Engl. Pjt. Ost-Afr. C. 34'.). An undershrub with pubescent branchlets. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate or oblong, H-2 in, long, acute, narrowed to the base, deeply serrated, pubescent on both surfaces. Whorls lax, forming a long raceme with a densely pubescent axis ; pedicels very short ; bracts orbicular-cuspidate, rather large, persistent. Calyx pubescent, finally \ in. long ; tube campanulate ; upper tooth orbicular, with decurrent margins ; lateral teeth deltoid-cuspidate ; lower subulate. Corolla 2-3 times the length of the calyx. Stamens much exserted ; upper fila- ments toothed near the base. Mozamb. X>ist, German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; Maranjju, 4900 ft., Volkens, 750 ! between Meru Mountain and Kilimanjaro, Volkens, 1637. Ocimum.] vu. labiatvE (baker). ;{4 1 ]o. O. tomentosum, Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PL t. 15l^9. A dwarf perennial, with a shrubby base and branches coated with dense white stellate pubescence. Leaves shortly petioled, small, broadly on ate, entire, thick, densely pubescent, especially beneath. Racemes short, the lowest whorl subtended by an ordinary leaf; rhachis densely tomentose; pedicels short. Calyx \ in. long; tube campanulate, densely coated with white tomentum ; upper lip small, orbicular ; 4 lower teeth very small. Corolla not much longer than the calyx ; lips short, tomentose outside. Stamens much exserted; filaments of the two upper with a large hairy tooth above the base. wile Xiand. Somaliland': Hahi, James S( Thrupi) I 14. O. linearifolium. Briquet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. \i\'2. A dwaif perennial, with minutely pubescent stems. Leaves sessile, linear, ^-| in. long, entire, green and pubescent on both surfaces. Whorls 1-2, the flowers crowded so that they appear to form a dense head ; pedicels scarcely any; bracts deciduous. Flower-calyx J in. long; upper tooth ovate, decurrent ; lateral teeth truncate, clothed with white tomentum; lower short, setaceous. Corolla protruding \ in. from the throat of the calyx. Stamens much exserted. Iio^irer Culnea. Angola : Kuango River, Pogge, 357. 15. O. poggeanum, /?ri<7i6. Stems herbaceous from a woody base, puberulous or glabrous. Leaver ^essile or shortly petioled, linear or linear-lanceolate, 1-2 in, long, ,\, \ in, broad, acute, entire or remotely serrated, glabrous on both sides. Racemes short, simple ; bracts linear-lanceolate ; pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx \-\ in, long, pilose, reflexed in fruit, adpressed to the stem ; upper tooth orbicular-mucronate ; lateral teeth broad, truncate ; VOL. V. ** 3i2 cii. LABIATE (baker). [Ociinum. lower long, setaceous. Corolla red, three times the length of the calyx. Stamens nearly twice as long as the lower lip ; upper filaments with a large tooth at the base. Mozaxnb* Slst. German East Africa : Unyainwezi ; near Gonda, Bo/im, 19, 32. Usinja ; Bugando, Stuhlmann, 3519. Usukuma ; Usiha, SUihlmann, 4206. 18. O. fimbriatum, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 101. A tall branched perennial, with stems minutely pubescent upwards. Leaves linear-lanceolate, IJ in. long, I in. broad, acuminate, narrowed to the base and decurrent on the petiole, sharply toothed, pubescent on the ribs beneath. Racemes long, lax ; pedicels ^ in. long, pubescent ; bracts deciduous. Flower-calyx |-J in. long; upper tooth ovate, slightly decurrent ; lateral teeth short, deeply fimbriated ; lower long, setaceous, also fimbriated. Corolla protruding above J in. from the throat of the calyx. Stamens much exserted. Ztower Guinea. Angola : Malange, Mechcw, 165. 19. O. affine, Hochst. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 36. A perennial herb, with erect slender branched subf'labrous stems 1-1 t> ft. lono;. Leaves nearly sessile, distant, oblong-lanceolate, obscurely toothed, nearly glabrous, l|-2 in. long, cuneate at the base. Raceme dense at the top, but the lower whorls very remote ; rhachis pubescent ; pedicels very short ; bracts small, deciduous. Calyx finally \ in. long ; upper tooth orbicular, shorter than the tube; lower teeth 2 small cusps. Corolla h in. long; tube funnel-shaped, as long as the calyx; lips as long as the tube. Stamens much exserted ; upper filaments with a tooth at the base. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss., ii. 177; Vatke in Linnsea, xxxvii. 315; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 134; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 358. Xrile Xiand. Abyssinia: Sana; in a valley, near Dochli, Schimper, 1621! Somaliland : Mount Haquin, near Harar, Hardegger Sf PauUtschle. Mozamb. 3>ist, German East Africa : Unyamwezi ; Simbab, 4000 ft., Sjjeke 8f Grant I Usambara ; Masheua, HoJai, 8790 ! British Central Africa : Urungu : Fvvanibo, Car.son, 90! 93! 102! Nynsaland ; Blantyre, ScoH f Mount Mlanji, Whyte ! Mlanji Plateau, McCIotinie ! and without precise locality, Bnchanafi, 631 ! 825 ! 20. O. Schweinfurthii, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. IGO. A perennial, with tall robust branched stems pubescent upwards, glabrous in the lower part. Leaves subsessile, oblong, the lower 3—4 in. long, acute, cuneate at the base, crenate above the base, moderately firm, green on both sides, slightly scabrous on the upper surface, pubescent beneath. Racemes short, dense, terminal, the lower flowers abortive ; axis densely pubescent ; pedicels very short ; bracts obovate, cuspidate, large, pubescent. Calyx pubescent, J in. long; upper tooth ovate, slightly decurrent ; lower teeth setaceous. Corolla 3 times the length of the calyx. Stamens much exserted. lirile Iiand. British East Africa : Niamniam ; (Jumango Hill, ScJnoeivfurth, 2890 ! Ocimum.] cii. labiat.b (uakeu). :U3 21. O. usaramense, Gilrke in Kmjl. Jahrh. xxvi. 79. Stem simple, erect, pubescent. Leaves subsessile or shortly petioled, oblong-lanceolate, 2^-3 in. long, under an inch broad, acute or obtuse, narrowed to the base, obscurely toothed, pubescent on both surfaces. Bracts lanceolate, ^-\ in. long; pedicels yV-J in. long. Calyx pubescent, finally \ in. long ; upper tooth orbicular, obtuse ; lateral teeth obsolete ; lower very long, setaceous. Filaments of upper stamens with a tooth at the bnse. XVXozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Usaramo, Sfuhlmann, 9292. 22. O. Descampsii, Briquet in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 8:>. An undershrub, with pubescent dull green divaricate branches. Leaves subsessile, oblong, h in. long, subacute, narrowed to the base, entire, dull green above with scattered short hairs, subglabrous and gland - dotted beneath. Whorls few, 6-flowered, forming a dense terminal head ; bracts oblong-lanceolate, pilose, as lohg as the calyx. Flower- calyx \-\ in. long ; tube campanulate, densely clothed with short white hairs ; upper tooth ovate, obtuse ; lower teeth small, setaceous. Corolla- tube produced y\j in. from the throat of the calyx ; upper lip obovate, J in. long. Stamens much exserted. South Central. Congo Free State: M'Tovvh, on Lake Tanganyika, Z)(?.9ra;«;Av. 2o. O. filamentosum, Forsk. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 3(i. A much-branched erect low shrub, with densely pubescent branches. Leaves nearly sessile, oblong-lanceolate, acute, finely serrated, pubescent, lJ-2 in. long. Racemes few, at first dense, finally lax in the lower half, 4-0 in. long ; rhachis pubescent ; pedicels not very short ; bracts deciduous. Calyx finally J in. long; tube campanulate; upper lobe orbicular, as long as the tube ; two lower teeth with large cusps, as long as the upper. Corolla white, J in. long ; tube as long as the calyx ; lips shorter than the tube. Stamens twice as long as the corolla ; two upper filaments with a villous tooth near the base. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 177; Yatke in Linnjea, xxxvii. 314; Engl. Hochgebirgsti. Trop. Afr. 357. 0. grandiflorum, L'Herit. Stirp. 80, t. 43. Bechium bicolor, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1843, t. 15. irile Iiand. Eritrea: environs of Acrur, 6000 ft., Schiveinfurth S; Rira^ V7o ! Bogos ; Atirba, Steudner, 1424! Abyssinia: Tigre : at the foot of Mount Sholoiln, Schimper, 151! near Adowa, Schimper, 18-i9! and witliout precise locality, Bruct, Petit ! Parhym ! Schimper, 20a ! 20b ! Also in Arabia. 24. O. gracile, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 39. An erect annual, with much-branched pubescent stems i-1 ft. long. Leaves small, shortly petioled, oblong, obtuse, crenate*', shortly pubescent on both sides. Racemes many, simple; rhachis very slender; whorls usually 2-3-flowered ; pedicels not very short; bracts minute. Calyx /. in. long ; upper lip ovate, as long as the campanulate tube ; lower with two largo cusps. Corolla very small. Stamens not exserted ; filaments of the two upper appendiculate w;th a tuft of hairs. 344 cii. LABIATE (baker). [Ocimum. Mozamba Slst. Zanzibar, Bojer ! Kirk! Hildehrandt, 998! (rerman East Africa : Usambara : Amboni, Hoist, 2714 ! 25. O. Camporum, Gilrke in Engl. PJl. Ost-Afr. C. 350. An undershrub with villous branches. Leaves subsessile, oblong-lanceolate, subobtuse, narrowed to the base, |^1 in. long, densely pubescent on both surfaces. Racemes very lax ; central cymes shortly peduncled ; pedicels very short ; bracts small, suborbicular, pubescent, persistent. Flower-calyx ^ in. long ; tube campanulate, pubescent ; upper tooth orbicular, not cuspidate ; lateral teeth oblong, subacute ; lower very acuminate. Corolla 2-?> times the length of the calyx. Stamens included ; filaments with a tuft of hairs at the base. Mozamb. 3>l8t, German East Africa : Kilimanjaro : by the River Hinio, 3000 ft., Volkens, 1739 ! '2G. O. citriodorum. Vis. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 39. Suflfruti- cose. Stems pubescent. Leaves petioled, ovate-lanceolate, crenate- glabrous. Racemes lax, simple; whorls many-flowered; bracts acute, entire, shortly petioled, ciliate. Calyx villous outside and at the throat ; upper lip orbicular ; lateral teeth broadly ovate, apiculate ; lower lanceo- late subulate. Corolla violet-blue, longer than the calyx. Filaments of the upper stamens villous above the base. nrile Iiand. Nubia ; cultivated in the botanic garden at Padua in 1840. 27. O. Hanningtoniiy Baker. Perennial ; stem short, densely hairy. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, crenate, rugose, coriaceous, under 1 in. long, densely hairy, especially below. Racemes very long and lax; whorls many- flowered ; pedicels very short; bracts small, deciduous. Calyx finally J in. long ; upper lip orbicular, as long as the tube ; lower cusps large. Corolla scarcely longer than the calyx. Stamens not exserted ; upper filaments with a tutt of hairs at their insertion in the corolla-tube. Mozaxnb. Sist. German East Africa : without precise locality, Haunhigtou ! 28. O. Rothii, Baker. Shrubby, erect, much branched ; stems haiiy. Leaves small, petioled, ovate, crenate, very hairy beneath, Jess so above. Racemes long, lax ; rhachis very hairy ; flowers few in a whorl ; pedicels very hairy, finally J in. long ; bracts small, deciduous. Calyx finally \ in. long ; upper lip ovate, decurrent, shorter than the tube ; lower cusps moderately large. Corolla scarcely longer than the calyx. Stamens not exserted ; upper filaments with a tuft of hairs above the base. "Krile Xiand. Abyssinia : Shoa ; Ankober, Both, 500 ! 29. O. thyxnoides. Baker. Perennial, closely resembling 0. raen- thxjcfolium in habit. Stems very slender, slightly hairy.. Leaves dis- tinctly petioled, small, ovate, membranous, obscurely toothed, slightly pubescent. Racemes long, very lax ; whorls many-flowered ; pedicels very short; bracts ovate or lanceolate, foliaceous, about as long as the Ocimum.'] cii. labiate (haker). 345 flowers. Flower-calyx J in. long ; upper lip orbicular, as long as the tube ; lower cusps small. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Stamens slightly exserted ; upper filaments with a tuft of haii-s above the bjuse. Xiower Guinea. Angola : province of (iolungo Alto, 1000-li 100 ft., Welicitsch, 5571! 30. O. Hildebrandtii, Vatke in Linnua, xliii. 83. Suffruticose. Stems erect, branched, villous, finally glabrous. Leaves petioled, ovate, crenate, subobtuse, IJ in. long, rounded or shortly cuneate at the base, membranous, pubescent on both sides. Racemes simple, rather lax ; lower whorls J- J in. apart ; bracts small, deciduous ; pedicels i in. long. Calyx with an ovate obtuse decurrent upper lip and two linear basal teeth. Corolla J in. long. Stamens exserted, dilated at the base, sub- villous j filaments connate in pairs at the base. »rile ILand. British East Africa: Ukamba ; Kitui, Hildehrandt, 2741. 31. O. capitatiun. Baker. Perennial. Stem slender, densely hairy. Leaves shortly petioled, small, ovate, acute, deflexed, shallowly dentate, slightly pubescent. Flowers mainly concentrated in a globose terminal cluster ; pedicels very short ; bracts small. Flower-calyx I in, long ; upper lip orbicular, as long as the campanulate tube ; lower cusps small. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx ; lips large. Stamens much exserted ; upper filaments with a tuft of hairs above the base. wile Xiand. British East Africa : Lykipia, 6000-8000 ft., Thomson ! nXozamb* Slst. German East Africa : Higher plateau, north of Lake Nyasa, Thomson I 32. O. Johnstoniiy Baker. Perennial, with the habit of O. men- ihcefoiium. Stems erect, densely hairy. Leaves petioled, ovate, mem- branous, deeply crenate, 1-1§ in. long, thinly pubescent, especially beneath. Racemes long, lax ; rhachis densely hairy ; flowers many in a whorl; pedicels very short; bracts orbicular, cuspidate, deciduous. Calyx very hairy, ^ in. long ; upper lip orbicular, as long as the cam- panulate tube ; lower cusps small. Calyx twice as long as the corolla. Stamens much exserted ; upper filaments with a tuft of hairs above the irile &and. British East Africa: Lykipia, 6000-8000 ft., Thomson! Kapte Plateau, 5000-6000 fc, Thomson ! Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, 6000 ft., Johnston I 33. O. punctatum, Baker. Perennial. Stems short, erect, very hairy. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong, subentire, very hairy, cuneate at the base, 1 J in. long. Racemes shoi-t, dense ; rhachis hairy ; pedicels very short ; bracts minute. Flower-calyx hairy, \ in. long ; upper lip about as long as the tube ; lower cusps large. Corolla tube as long as the calyx ; lips large. Stamens much exserted ; upper filaments with a tuft of hairs near the base. Moxamb. Blat. German East Africa : Lower plateau, north of Lake N>a»a, Thomson ! 34G cii. LABIATE (baker). [Ociiuum. ^>4. O. knyanuxn, Vatke in Linnoa, xxxvii. ol5. Perennial. Stems erect, branched, pubescent. Leaves nearly sessile, oblong or oblong-lanceolate or linear, crenate, ciineate at the base, 1-2 in. long. Raceme long and lax, with (in the type) a coma of persistent linear bracts ; flowers 4-6 in a whorl ; pedicels very short, pubescent. Calyx finally |-^ in. long ; upper lip orbicular, shorter than the tube ; lower cusps large. Corolla twice as long as the calyx ; lips as long as the tube. Stamens much exserted ; two upper filaments with a tuft of hairs above the base. — 0. cahjcosum^ Hochst. and 0. comiget'um, Hochst. ex Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 1(51. MTlle Ziand. Abyssinia : Tigre ; Hamedo plain near (ioelleb, 4000-5500 ft., Scliimper, 2303 ! and without precise locality, t^chimper, 221 ! 387 ! Somaliland : Boobi, James Sf Thrupp I British East Africa : Jur : Jur (ihattas, Schtveinfurth, 1315 ! Gir, Schwehifurth, 1438 ! XiO\irer Guinea. . German South-west Africa : Amboland : I'kambia, ISchinz, 50! Mozaznb. Blst. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; between Lupata and Tete, Kirk ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Masuka Plateau, 6500- 7000 ft., Wliyte ! Var. astephanum. Baker. Raceme without an apical coma of persistent linear bracts. — O. hians vars. macrocanlon and microphyllicm, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 161. Upper Guinea. Niger Territory : Nupe, at Lom, Barter, 1283 ! ZiO-wer Guinea. Angola, Welwiisch, 5493 ! 5514 ! Mozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Lake Tanganyika, Cameron ! Lower plateau, north of Lake Nyasa, Thomson I 35. O. lamiifolium, Hochst. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 87. An erect perennial, with very hairy stems. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, acute, regularly crenate, 1-2 in. long, slightly pubescent on both sides. Racemes long, lax, branched at the base ; whorls many-flowered : bracts broadly ovate, cuspidate, deciduous, bright-coloured; pedicels J in. long. Calyx at first \ in., finally \-h in. long ; upper tooth ovate, obtuse, rather shorter than the tube ; lower with two large cusps. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx. Stamens much exserted ; filaments of the two upper penicillate above the base.— A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 178 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 358 ; Yatke in Linnsea, xxxvii. 315. lO'ile Iiand. Abyssinia: Tigre ; among shrubs on the high banks of rivers iu the northern region of Mount Sholoda, Schimper, 107 ! near Adowa, Schimper, 1864! and without precise locality, Schimpery 258 ! 3C. O. dichotomum, Hochst. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 39. An erect annual, with the habit of 0. basilicum. Stems much -branched, erect, slightly pubescent. Leaves shortly-petioled, oblong-lanceolate, subentire, 1-H in. long, nearly glabrous. Racemes long, lax ; rhachis slightly pubescent ; whorls many-flowered ; bracts small ; pedicels very short. Fruit-calyx -J in. long; upper lip ovate -cuspidate, longer than Ociinain.] cii. labiat.e (baker). 347 the campanulate tube; lower cusps large. Corolla a little longer than the calyx. Stamens short ; upper filaments not append iculate. Xrile Ziand. Kordofan : Arashkol Mountain, in dried up stagnant j)Oul8. Kotschyy 73! and without precise locality, Kotschy, 122! 37. O. tereticaule, Poir. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 11. An erect much-branched annual, with pubescent stems |-1 ft. long. Leaves shortly-petioled, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, cuneate at the base, entire or serrate, 1-1 J in. long, pubescent on both sides. Racemes lax ; rhachis pubescent; flowers about 4 in a whorl; bracts often as large as the stem-leaves ; pedicels hairy, not very short. Calyx finally \ in. long ; upper tooth much shorter than the oblong-cylindrical tube ; 4 lower teeth shorter. Corolla scarcely longer than the calyx. Stamens short ; upper filaments not appendiculate. — 0. Thonninyii^ Schumach. in Schumach. k, Thonn. Beskr. (iuin. PI. 2G5. 0. darfurense, Schweinf. MS. in Pfund. PI. Kordof. Exsicc, No. 472. O.corchorifoliuui, Hocbst. MS. in Schimp. Exsicc. 2214. Orthosiphon cleistocahjx, Vatke in Linnsea, xxxvii. 317. Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Leprieu}- ! Heudelof, 16H I Guinen, Thonninq. Xrile Ziand. Darfur : Gebel Surin, Pfund, 472 ! Abyssinia : mountains nft:ir Mawerr, 3000-5000 ft., Schimper, 2214 ! Somaliland : Boobi, James S,- Thrupp ! ItXozamb. Dist. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi : between Lupata and Tete, Kirk I 38. O. verticillifolium. Baker in Kew Bidletin, 1895, 224. An undershrub 2 ft. high, with pubescent branchlets. Leaves mostly fas- cicled, sessile, linear, entire, rigid, green and finely pubescent on both surfaces, the largest J-J in. long. Racemes lax ; whorls 5-G- flowered ; pedicels very short ; bracts minute. Calyx pubescent, finally \ in. long; tube campanulate ; upper tooth orbicular, decurrent, the others minute. Corolla I- in. long ; tube as long as the calyx ; lips shorter than the tube. Stamens much exserted, |-1 in. long. KTile Iiand. Somaliland : Golis range at Guldoo Hammed, Mi'lst. Zanzibar, Bojer ! German East Africa : Zanguehar, Kirk, 97 ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Elephant Marsh, by the River Shire. Kirk .' Kondowe to Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte ! Mount Chiradzuiu, 4000 ft., Whyte ! Also in the Mascarene Islands, and through Tropical Asia and North Australia. Briquet in Engl. & Prantl., Nat, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3a, 368, gives names to several varieties of this polymorphous species. 2. M. urticifoliuniy Baher. Perennial. Stem slightly pubescent. Leaves long-petioled, ovate, membranous, deeply and irregularly crenate, 3-4 in. long, slightly pubescent on both sides. Flowers many in a whorl, forming a lax panicle 1 ft. or more long, with compound branchlets; bracts nf\inute ; rhachides densely clothed with white tomentum. Calyx densely tomentose, ^ lin. long; tube campanulate; teeth subequal, ovate, finally as long as the tube. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. IMEozamb. X>ist. German East Africa : Mount Kilimanjaro, GOOO ft., Joh.iston ! :}54 (11. LABiAT.t (baketi). [Moschosma. -). M. multiflorum, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 49. Perennial, suffruticose. Stems densely pubescent. Leaves petioled, cordate- ovate, membranous, deeply crenate, o-G in. long, pubescent on both sides. Flowers subunisexual, forming a lax panicle often 1 ft. long, about ] 2 in a whorl ; staminate whorls less dense than the pistillate ; bracts minute ; rhachis densely hairy. Calyx hairy, h lin. long ; teeth small, subequal, ovate. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 179; Giirke in Engl. PE. Ost-Afr. C. 340. Plectranthxs mtdti/fonis, Hochst. ex Benth. I.e. Nile liand. Abyssinia : between Sana and Ferrefera, Schimper, 776 ; near .Telejeranne, Schimj)er,\Q>^^ \ Sbire, Qtiartin-Dillon ^ Petit, 9 ! and without precise locality, ScJtimper^ 68G I Parkyns ! Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Usambara ; Masheua, Hoist, 8720 ! 4. M. riparium, llocJist. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 49. Shrubby, reaching a height' of 10-12 ft. Stems densely hairy. Leaves petioled, cordate-ovate, deeply crenate, membranous, 8-G in. long, more or less hairy on both sides. Flowers subunisexual, many in a whorl, forming dense panicles 1 ft. or more long ; rhachides hairy ; pistillate flowers forming much more dense spikes than the staminate. Calyx h Hn. long ; teeth small, ovate. Corolla \ in. long in the staminate flowers, smaller in the pistillate. — J/, myriostachyum, Benth. in Gen. Plant, ii. 117:5. Nile Iiand. British East Africa : among: dry volcanic rocks in an empty valley near Lake Nakuro, 6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6801 ! Ruwenzori, 6000-7000 ft., Scott- Elliot, 7879 ! Xfower Guinea. Angola, Welivitsch, 5477 ! Mozamb. Sist. German East Africa : Lower Plateau, north of Lake Xyasa, Thomson ! Portuguese East Africa : Morarabala Mountain, Waller ! British Central Africa : Xyasaland ; near the Murchison Fall?, Meller ! near Blantyre, Buchanan, 159! Last! banks of a stream betwen Blantyre and Matope, Scott! Mount Chirad- zulu, 4000 ft., Whyte ! Meller! Masuka * Plateau, G500-7000 ft., Whyte, 300! Tanganyika Plateau, at Fort Hill, 3500-4000 ft., Whyte! Also Xatal. Doubtfully distinct from M. muUiJiorum. G. ACROCEPHALXJS, Benth. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii. 1173. Calyx-tube long, compressed, gibbous at the base ; limb bilabiate upper lip entire or denticulate ; lower entire, emarginate or 4-toothed Corolla small ; tube short ; limb bilabiate ; upper lip shortly 4-lobed lower scarcely longer, entire, nearly flat. Stamens 4, didynamous declinate, scarcely exserted ; filaments free, filiform, not appendiculate : anthers 1 -celled. Disk a small anticous gland. Style shortly bifid at the stigmatose tip. Nucules ovoid or oblong, smooth. — -Perennial or annual herbs. Leaves opposite or congested into whorls, sessile or petioled, usually linear or lanceolate. Whorls of flowers congested into dense globose heads, which are bracteate at the base, often by coloured Aci'ocephalics.] CII. LABIAT.t: (baker). leaves ; special flower-bracts membranous usually shorter than the flowers. A few additional species in Tropical Asia, Madagascar, a Head solitary, terminal ...... Heads 1-3 at the end of the leafy branches. Leaves linear Leaves oblong Heads few, laxly corymbose. Leaves linear Leaves lanceolate Leaves oblong. Peduncles short . Peduncles long . Heads many, densely corymbose. Basal bracts blue-purple. Basal bracts ovate ...... Basal bracts ovate-lanceolate. Bracts blue-purple at the tip . Bracts blue-purple at the base .... Basal bracts pale towards the base. Leaves linear or lanceolate. Heads cylindrical ...... Heads globose. Pube.scence of peduncle dark blue . J*ubescence of peduncle grey. Leaves ascending. Hairs of peduncle long spreading . Hairs of peduncle very short. Leaves thick and strongly veined Leaves thinner and not strongly veined Leaves detlexed. Leaves linear, small Leaves linear, long licaves lanceolate Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate Leaves not at all coriaceous Leaves subcoriaceous. Leaves very rugose beneath Leaves not rugose beneath Basal bracts green and foliaceous to the base Leaves linear Leaves linear-lanceolate Leaves lanceolate. Leaves glabrous in the upper surface. A'eins of under surface of the leaves prominent Veins of under surface of leaf not raised Leaves scabrid on the upper surface . Leaves hairy on the upper surface. Basal bracts few, inconspicuous. Hairs of stem sparse, spreading . Hairs of stem dense, adpressed . Basal bracts several, sharply rcfloxcd. Leaves pubescent .... Leaves villous ....•• or rigid, ohovate-cuneate id \atal. 1. A. monocephalus. 2. A. centratheroides. 3. A. qnleopsifoliufi. 4. A. (/racilis. 5. A. sKcciscBfoliu*. 6. A. ci/lindracewi. 7. A. oliffocephalut. 8. A. porphyrophylltu. 9. A. Schiceinfarthii. 10. A. iododermis. 11. A. Cam pi cola. 12. A. pO(ji}t'anus. 13. A. polifirich us. 14. A. veno.sus. 15. A. coendcKS. 16. A. lilacinus. 17. A. laqoensis. 18. A. Buettneri. 10. A. callianthus. 20. A. j)i'^ in. long. Leaves linear, sessile, denticulate, spreading, 1-1 J in. long, slightly pubescent on both sides. Head single, terminal, globose, U- in. diam. ; basal bracts small, ovate, greenish- white, with leafy cusps ; flower-bracts rhomboid, very hairy, \ in. long and broad, subacute, green with a pale base. Calyx villous, \ in. long ; lips oblong. Corolla twice as long as the calyx ; lips short. Mozamba Blst. German East Africa : Lower Plateau, north of Lake Nyasa, Thomson ! 2. A. centratheroides. Baker. Annual. Stem short, pubescent, with several long spreading branches. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, sessile, dentate, pubescent, 2-3 in. long. Heads sessile at the end of the main stem and branches, overtopped by the upper branchlets, globose, ^-J in. diam. ; basal bracts ovate or lanceolate, very hairy, green ; flower-bracts hairy, green, obovate-cuneate, J in. long. Calyx as long as the bract. Corolla J in. long; tube slender ; limb short. Upper Guinea. LoweV Niger, Baikie ! 3. A, galeopsifolius, Baker. Annual. Stems 1 J-2 ft. long, slender, much branched, with a few short spreading hairs. Leaves petioled, oblong, acute, crenate, 1 J-2 in. long, slightly hairy, cuneate at the base. Heads globose, \-'^ in. diam., solitary or 2-3 approximate at the end of the branches ; basal bracts lanceolate, all green ; flower- bracts orbicular-cuneate, membranous, as long as the calyx. Calyx \ in. long ; lips oblong. Corolla twice as long as the calyx ; lower lip J in. long. XMLozamb. Blst. Kavala Island, in Lake Tanganyika, Carson! 4. A. gracilis, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 1G6. Annual. Stems erect, much-branched, 1-1 J ft. long, finely pubescent. Leaves linear, sessile, denticulate, finely pubescent, acute, 1-1 J in. long, narrowed to the base. Heads solitary at the end of the branches, globose, ^-J in. diam. ; basal bracts small, ovate, acute, green throughout ; flower-bracts orbicular-cuneate, \ in. long, with long hairs on the back and edges. Calyx as long as the bract ; lips oblong, shorter than the tube. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Xiower Guinea* Angola, JFelwitsch, 5515 ! o. A. succiBaefolius, Baker. Perennial. Stems erect, 1-lJ ft. long, slender, glabrous below, obscurely hairy upwards, bearing about Acrocephalus.^ cii. labiate (baker). 857 3 heads on long leafless peduncles. Leaves only a single pair at the middle and another at the fork, lanceolate, sessile, subcoriaceous, nearly glabrous, obscurely toothed, the central pair 2-3 in. long ; bti^al leaves narrowed into a short petiole. Heads globose, \-^ in. diani. ; basal bracts small, ovate, green ; flower-bracts orbicular-cuneate, very hairy, J in. long and broad. Calyx \ in. long; lips oblong. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Iiower Guinea. Angela : province of Huilla, Welwitsch, 5608 ! 5609 : 5610 ! 0. A, cyliudraceus, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 135, t. \,V1. Annual. Stems erect, much-branched, 3 ft. long, slightly pubescent upwards. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong-lanceolate, obscurely crenate, pubescent on both sides, 1-2 in. long. Heads numerous, laxly corym- bose, oblong, \ in. diam., with 2-4 small ovate green bract-leaves at the base ; flower-bracts pale green, orbicular-cuneate, \ in. broad. Calyx densely hairy, finally \ in. long ; lips as long as the tube. Corolla more than twice as long as the calyx ; lips short. — Briquet in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 76. A. verhenaceus, Vatke in Linna?a, xl. 178. Nile Iiand. British P^ast Atrica : Unyoro district, cultivated in beds near the huts of the natives, Speke Sf Grant, 585 ! lluwenzori, 3300 ft., Scott-Elliot, 7602 I Iio-wer Guinea. Congo, Dew^vre, 993. XMLozamb. Sist. German East Africa : Lake district, Stuhlmann (ex Gurke). Portuguese East Africa : Mainland, opposite Mozambique, Peters. Nearly allied to A. villosus, Benth., of Madagascar. 7. A. oligocephalus, Baker in Kew Bulletin^ 1898, 160. Stem slender, erect, 4-angled, finely and shortly hairy. Leaves shortly petioled, lanceolate, 1-1 J in. long, crenate, narrowed from the middle to the base, green and pilose on both surfaces. Heads few, globose or oblong, J in. diam., remotely and laxly corymbose ; basal bracts ovate or oblong, green to the base, hairy on both surfaces; pedunclei> long; flower-bracts orbicular-cuneate, rigid, brown, hairy, the lower \ in. broad. Calyx ^ in. long; lips obtuse. Corolla-tube as long at< the calyx ; lips small. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa : Nyasaknd ; between Kondowe and Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 593 ! 8. A. porphyrophyllus. Baker. Stems densely clothed with short spreading hairs. Leaves linear or lanceolate, sessile, denticulate, hairy, especially beneath. Heads densely corymbose at the ends of the branches, oblong or subglobose, J in. diam. ; bai>al bracts Itu-ge, ovat^?, purple, pubescent ; flower-bracts orbicular-cuneate, very hairy, \, in. long and broad. Calyx not protruded beyond the bract. Corolla not seen. Mozamb. Bist. German East Africa: without precise locality, Hannitt^tun I 9. A. Schweinfarthii, Briquet in Emjl, JaJirb. xix. 171. Stems tall, branched; internodes short; branches clothed upwards with 358 cii. LABIATE (baker). [Acrocej)halus. adpressed grey hairs. Leaves petioled, linear, 1-2 in. long, 7,^-^ in. broad, acuminate, narrowed to the base, minutely and shortly'serrate, clothed with adpressed grey hairs. Heads globose, J in. diam.,tomen- tose, many, forming an ample corymb ; lower bracts ovate-lanceolate, tipped with blue-purple. Flower-calyx under yV in. long, silky ; lobes very small. Corolla protruding \-\ in. from the throat of the calyx ; lips ovate, ^ lin. long. Stamens exsei-ted. Xrile Iiand. British Kast Africa: .Jur; Jur Awet and Agada, Schweinfartli, 2541, 4273. 10. A. iododermis. Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 1G7. Stem tall, much branched, pubescent. Leaves linear-lanceolate, shortly petioled, about 1 in. long, ^^-\ in. broad, acute, narrowed to the base, mode- rately denticulate, green and slightly pubescent on both surfaces. Heads dense, globose, peduncled, J-J in. long ; basal bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, A-1 in.' long, green at the tip, blue-purple towards the base ; flower-bracts much narrower. Calyx finally \-^ in. long ; lips small. Corolla protruding ^- in. from the throat of the calyx ; lips ^V-jV in. long. Stamens exserted. South Central. Lunda : near Mukenge, in Ba.shilange district, Pogge, 1086. 11. A. Campicola, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 167. Stem tall, robust, much branched, pubescent. Leaves shortly petioled, linear, 1-2| in. long, ^-\ in. broad, acute, narrowed to the base, minutely denticulate, green on both surfaces, glabrescent or pubescent. Heads dense, cylindrical, peduncled, ^-J in. long; basal bracts ovate, ^-h in. long, whitish at the apex and base ; flower-bracts narrower, pilose. Fruit-calyx -| in. long ; upper lip yV in. long, minutely 3-lobed ; lower rather shorter, 2-lobed. Corolla protruded \ in. from the throat of the calyx ; lips xV~i i^' ^ong. Stamens exserted. South Central. Congo Free State : near Nyangwe, on the River Lualaba, Pogge, 1075. Briquet quotes the same number with date and place for A. coeruleKs, Ohv., var. genuinus, Briquet, 12. A. poggeanus. Briquet in Engl Jahrb. xix. 170. A tall herb with green branches, dark blue on the angles, clothed with firm crisped blue hairs. Leaves petioled, lanceolate, 1J-2| in. long, acuminate, narrowed to the base, closely denticulate-crenate, green and slightly pilose on both surfaces. Heads corymbose, globose, J- J in. diam. ; peduncles clothed with dark blue hairs ; basal bracts small, oblong-lanceolate, white at the base and beneath. Mature calyx ^ in. long ; lobes very small. Corolla protruding Jj in. from the throat of the calyx ; lips very small. Stamens much exserted. South Central. Lunda : near Mukenge, in I^ashilange district, Pogge, 1087. 13. A. polytrichus. Baker. Perennial. Stems much branched, 1^—2 ft. long, densely clothed with short spieading hairs. Leaves con- Ac?'oce])kalus.] cii. labiat.*: (baker). I^ol) gested into whorls, linear, sessile, ascending, denticulate, 2-:') in. long, densely hairy on both sides. Heads densely corymbose at the end of the branches, globose, |-J in. diam. ; basal bracts ovate or lanceolate, very hairy, white towards the base ; flower-bracts obovate-cuneate, very shaggy, I in. long. Flower-calyx very hairy, jV in. long. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Upper Guinea. Niger Territory : Nupe, common in swampy places, Barter ! 14. A. venosuSy Baker in Kein Bnllethi, 1^;0K, 160. Perennial. Stems erect, densely pubescent, 2 ft. or more long. Leaves opposite, sessile, lanceolate, erecto-patent, entire or obscurely denticulate, 2-o in. long, ascending, densely pubescent, especially beneath. Heads densely corymbose at the ends of the branches, globose or oblong, }^ in. diam. ; basal bracts pale at the base ; flower-bracts orbicular-cuneate, very hairy, ^-J in. long. Calyx J in. long ; lips oblong, much shorter than the tube. Corolla-tube longer than the calyx ; limb short. Mozamb. I>lst. German East Africa : on hills, in Karagwe district, 4000- 5000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 7490! Portuguese East Africa: Lower Zambesi; Lake Nyatunga, near Shupanga, Kirk ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Nortli Nyasaland, Whyfe! Manganje Hills, 3000 it.. Kirk ! Shibisa (Chikwawa) to Tshiu- muze, 2000-4000 it.. Kirk ! Blantyre, -Bi8. Stem branched, erect, clothed with long silky adpressed hairs. Leaves lanceolate, acute, narrowed to a very short petiole, lJ-2 in. long, entire or obscurely toothed, deflexed, densely clothed on both sides with long yellowish adpressed silky hairs. Heads subglobose ; outer bracts 3-4, deltoid or lanceolate-deltoid, acuminate, silky, J-J in. long ; flower-bracts ovate or rhomboid-apiculate, longer than the calyx, pilose; pedicels J lin. long. Calyx in fruit -^^ in. long, clothed with long hairs ; upper lip entire, rounded at the apex ; lower 3-toothed. Corolla white ; tube twice the length of the calyx. Upper Guinea. Togoland : near Bismarckbin g, Biittner, 304! 19. A. callianthus. Briquet in Engl, Jahrh. xix. 169. Annual. Stems erect, much-branched, lJ-2 ft. long, thinly clothed with short spreading bristly white hairs. Stem-leaves shortly petioled, oblong- lanceolate, crenate, 2-3 in. long, thinly hairy on both sides. Heads corymbose at the end of the branches, crowded, globose, \-h in. diam. ; basal bracts ovate, pale at the base ; flower-bracts orbicular-cuspidate, \ in. long and broad. Fruit- calyx ^ in. long ; tube strongly ribbed ; lips oblong. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. — A.zambesiacus, Baker ex Giirke in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 348. Mozamb. Bist. Portuguese East Africa : Quiliniane, Scott ! Makua ; Namuli Hills, Last ! Unanjru to Lake Shirwa, Johnson, 28 ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland; Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 87! Manganja Hills, 3000 ft., Kirk! Meller I near Blantyre, Last ! Mount Chiradzulu, 4000 ft., Whyte ! North N}asa, Whyte ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 403 ! 424 ! 20. A. prsealtus. Briquet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 168. Perennial. Stem erect, much-branched, 3-4 ft. long^ slightly hairy. Leaves distant, petioled, oblong, crenate, subcoriaceous, subscabrous above, bristly with raised veins beneath, 2-3 in. long. Heads many, laxly corymbose ; globose, \-\ in. diam. ; basal bracts small, ovate, green ; flower-bracts Acrocephalus.'] cii. labiat.e (baker). 3(;1 orhicular, pubescent, J in. long and broad. Calyx as long as the bract ; lips oblong. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Iiower Guinea. Angola : province of Huilla, Welwitsch, 5600 ! 21. A. lippioides, ^a^^er. Perennial. Stem slendet-, erect, densely pubescent, branched only at the top. Stem -leaves oblong-lanceolate, petioled, subcoriaceoue, minutely crenate, glabrous above, pubescent beneath, the lower 5-6 in. long. Heads few, small, corymbose, globose ; basal bracts ovate or orbicular, pilose ; flower-bracts cuneate, \ in. broad. Calyx nearly as long as the flower-bract. Corolla large for the genus, \ in. long. Stamens slightly exserted. Iiower Guinea. Angola : province of Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5550 1 22. A. Heudelotii, Briquet in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ii. G89. Perennial. Stems erect, much-branched, finely pubescent, 1^-2 ft. long. Leaves congested into whorls, linear, sessile, entire, lS-2 in. long, narrowed to the base, finely pubescent on both sides. Heads in dense corymbs at the end of the branches, globose, J-J in. diam. ; basal bracts linear, entirely foliaceous; flower-bracts obovate-cuneate, pale, densely hairy, J in. long. Flower-calyx ^ in. long ; lips obloug, as long as the tube. Corolla twice as long as the calyx, pale violet. Upper Guinea. Senegambia : banks of the Rio Nunez, Heudelot ! and without precise locality, Heudelot, 620 ! French Guinea : Sulimania ; Herimankuna, Scott- Elliot, 5262 ! Wile Ziand. British East Africa : Jur ; Agada, near Jur Ghattas, Schweinfurth, 2470 ! 254.1 ! Jur Awet, Schweinfurth, 4273 ! 23. A. Laurentii, Briquet in Bull. ,Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 70. A tall perennial herb. Stem robust, tetragonous, clothed with crisped hairs. Leaves sessile or subsessile, narrowly lanceolate, H in. long, very acute, entire or irregularly serrate, dull green and pubescent on both surfaces. Heads shortly peduncled, crowded in dense corymbs, depresso-globose, J-J in. diam. ; outer bracts round-ovate, ^ in. long, emarginate, mucronate, densely pubescent on both surfaces except at the base ; flower-bracts with long hairs on the edge. Flower-calyx pubescent, —; in. long ; lips 3-4 times the length of the tube. Corolla protruding ^ in. from the throat of the calyx ; lips \ the length of the tube. Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Lusambo, on the River Sankuru, Laurent. 24. A. reticulatuSy Briqnet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 1G8. Stem very robust ; internodes moderately long ; branchlets clothed with ferrugi- nous tomentum. Leaves subsej^sile, lanceolate, lJ-3 in. long, acute, narrowed to the base, closely and finely serrate, green and glabrous above, green and pubescent with close prominent ribs beneath. Heads globose, J-f in. long, rufo-tomentose ; basal bracts ovate, acute, J-^ in. long, dull green, tomentose. Flower-calyx ^\ in. long; lips very 362 cii. LABiAT.E (baker). [Ad'ocej^halus. small. Corolla protruding J in. from the throat of the calyx ; lips very small. Stamens exserted. Jto-wer Guinea. Angola : Malange, Mechoic, 431. 25. A. dissitifolius. Baker. Perennial. Stem erect, 2-3 ft. long, slightly pubescent upwards. Leaves distant, opposite, lanceolate, nearly entire, subsessile, 2-3 in. long, much narrowed to the base, obscurely pubescent. Heads few, corymbose, globose, \ in. diam. ; basal bracts ovate or lanceolate, entirely green ; flower-bracts purplish, orbicular- cuneate, slightly hairy, membranous, \ in. long and broad. Flower- calyx hairy, shorter than the bract. Corolla under \ in. long. iMOvrer Guinea. Angola : province of Huilhi, Welivitsch, 5611 ! 2G. A. mechowianus. Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 168. Stem robust, branched ; internodes very long ; branches pubescent. Leaves very shortly petioled, lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, |-1 in. broad, acuminate, narrowed to the base, minutely crenate, rather scabrous above, paler and pubescent below, with close raised veins. Heads very numerous, corymbose, depresso-globose, J-i in. diam. ; basal bracts ovate-lanceolate, J-^ in. long, green, rugose, clothed with white tomentum towards the base. Flower-calyx J in. long ; lobes very small. Corolla protruding ~ in. from the throat of the calyx ; lips \ li^- long. Stamens exserted. Ziower Guinea. Angola : Malange, Mechoic, 144. 27. A. Welwitschii, Briquet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 169. Perennial. Stems tall, much-branched, thinly clothed with short spreading bristly hairs. Leaves distant, small, spreading, lanceolate, sessile, obscurely crenate, hairy on both sides. Heads many in a corymb at the end of the branches, globose, \ in. diam. ; basal bracts small, green, ovate or lanceolate ; flower-bracts membranous, pale green, orbicular, ^ in. long. Calyx densely hairy, as long as the bract. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. JaO-wer Guinea. Angola : province of Pungo Andongo, Wehvitsch, 5549 ! 28. A, sericeus, Briquet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 170. Perennial. Stems stiffly erect, much- branched, 1^-2 ft. or more long, densely pubescent. Leaves congested into whorls, densely pubescent, lanceo- late, entire, sessile, 1-3 in. long, narrowed to the base, pubescent on both sides. Heads densely corymbose at the end of the branches, globose, \-\ in. diam. ; basal bracts lanceolate, entirely green ; flower- bracts green, pubescent, orbicular-cuneate, cuspidate, J in. long and broad. Calyx as long as the bract. Corolla half as long again as the calyx ; lips short. Style exserted, very shortly bifld. Iiower Guinea. Angola : province of Huilla, Welwitsch, 5551 ! 5603 ! 21). A. hyptoides, Baker. Perennial. Stems much branched, slightly hairy, decumbent. Stem-leaves lanceolate ; lower 5-6 in. long, Acrocephalus.] cii. labiat.e (baker). 363 denticulate, narrowed very gradually to the base, pubescent on both sides. Heads globose, corymbose, ;|-J in. diam. ; basal bracts ovate, green to the base; flower-bracts pale green, pubescent, orbicular, ^ in. long. Flower-calyx }■ in. long ; lips oblong. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Xiower Guinea. Angola : province of Huilla, Welwilsch, 5600 ! 5(307 I 80. A. masuianuSy Briquet in Bull. Soc. Bot. Behj. xxxvii. HO. A tall perennial herb. Stem robust, branched, clothed with ferruginous hairs. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, acute or acuminate, minutely crenate, narrowed to the base, dull green and softly villous on both surfaces. Heads depresso-globose, forming a dense corymb ; outer bracts broadly ovate, \-^ in. long, deeply crenate, clothed with white hairs. Flower-calyx ovoid, finally ^-V in. long, clothed with long liairs ; upper lip 4-1 in. long. Corolla protruded 1 in. from the throat of the calyx ; upper lip 3-lobed, nearly as long as the tube. — De Wild. S: Durand, 111. Fl. Congo, i. t. 13. Iioiver Guinea. Lower French Congo : forest of Mayombe, Dupuix. 31. A. Hensiiy Briquet m Bull. Soc. Bot. Bely. xxxvii. 77. A medium-sized perennial herb, with pubescent tetragonous branches. Leaves subsessile, oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, entire, narrowed to the base, dull green, shortly pubescent and gland-dotted on both sur- faces. Heads cylindrical, peduncled, h in. long ; outer bracts ovate- oblong, foliaceous, grey-green; flower- bracts obovate, as long as the calyx, clothed principally on the edge with long hairs. Flower-calyx hairy, J in. long; upper lip round-ovate, entire; lower shorter, with 2 minute teeth. Corolla dark lilac, protruded ^ in. from the throat of the calyx ; lips much shorter than the tube. Stamens exserted. Ziower Guinea. Lower Congo : marsh of Stanley Pool, Hens, 42. 32. A. minor, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. lOD. Stem dwarf, clothed with adpressed hairs. Leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, above 1 in. long subacute, narrowed to the base, distantly toothed, green and pilose on both surfaces. Heads forming a lax corymb, depresso-globose, |-J in. diam. ; basal bracts green, ovate. Flower-calyx h in. long. Corolla protruding |-J in. from the throat of the calyx ; lips very small. Stamens exserted. Iiower Guinea. Angola, Welioitschy 5605 ! (5905 ex Briqutt by error). 33. A. elongatus, Briquet in Emjl. Jahrb. xix. 171. Stem tsili, robust, branched, green, slightly pilose ; internodes long. Leaves petioled, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, lA-2^ in. long, acuminate, narrowed to the base, regularly crenate or dentate ; green and slightly hairy on both surfaces. Heads globose, sessile or subsessile, forming a congested panicle 3-4 in. long ; flower-bracts like reduced leaves in colour and 364 cii. LABIAT.E (baker). [AcTocephcdua. texture. Fruit-calyx J-J in. long ; lobes very small. Corolla pro- truding yV in. from the throat of the calyx. Stamens exserted. Soutli Central. Congo Free State : between Nyangwe and Kiinbundu, Togge^ 1014. 34. A. angolensis, Giirke in Enijl. Jahrh. xix. 198. Stems simple, erect, 3-4 ft. long, densely clothed with spreading hairs ; inter- nodes very long. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong-lanceolate, acute, 3-4 in. long, 1-1 J in. broad, narrowed to the base, crenate, sparsely villous on both sides. Heads few, subglobose ; outer bracts 3-4, rhom- boid or lanceolate-deltoid, crenate, pilose on both sides ; flower-bracts rhomboid-cuneate, twice as long as the calyx ; pedicels short. Flower- calyx under a line long ; lobes round, glabreseent, ciliate. Corolla \ in. long ; tube 3-4 times the length of the calyx ; lobes villous outside. Xiower Guinea. Angola : Malange, Mechow, 358. 35. A. divaricatus. Briquet in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 7G. A tall branched perennial herb, with divaricate branches thinly clothed with crisped hairs. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong, J-1 in. long, acute or subobtusCj crenate, green and clothed with crisped hairs on both surfaces.. Heads globose-cylindrical, reaching J in. long ; outer bracts foliaceous ; flower-bracts broadly rhomboidal, \ in. long. Calyx finally \ in. long, with a few spreading hairs ; lips both entire. Corolla pale lilac ; tube ^ in. long ; lips shorter than the tube. Stamens exserted. ]Lower Guinea. Congo, in marshes, Dewevre. 36. A. paniculatxiSy Briquet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 172. Stem robust, branched, clothed with short adpressed firm hairs. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong-lanceolate, 1J-2J in. long, J- J in. broad, sub- acute or subobtuse, narrowed to the base, regularly and closely crenate, green and slightly hispid on both surfaces. Capitula congested in heads, which form a panicle J ft. long ; lower bracts like leaves in colour and texture. Fruit-calyx \ in. long; lips ovate, entire, ^-J lin. long Corolla and stamens not seen. South Central. Lunda : Mussumba, Pogge, 370. Imperfectly known species. 37. A. Fischeriy Gurke in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 348. Branches pubescent. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, narrovted to a short petiole, serrate, pubescent on both sides. Heads subglobose ; basal bracts rhomboid-lanceolate. Fruit-calyx bilabiate ; upper lips subacute, lower rounded at the apex. Moxamb. Slat. German East Afi-ica : Wadiboma (? Kwadiboma, near Mgera, in Nguni district), Fischer, 503. Orthosiphon. CII. LABIAT.E (baker). 305 7. ORTHOSIPHON, Benth. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 11 74. Calyx deflexed in fruit ; tube campanulate or subcylindrical ; upper tooth ovate, with the margins decurrent ; lateral and lower teeth smaller. Corolla-tube cylindrical, usually longer than the calyx ; limb bilabiate lower lip very slightly concave. Stamens 4, didynamous, declinate filaments filiform ; anthers 1-celled. Disk glandular. Stigma capitate nucules ovoid, smooth or minutely rugose. — Herbs or undershrubs. Whorls forming long racemes. Stamens included or exserted. Habit of Ocimurrij from which it difiers by its long corolla-tube and capitate stigma. Species about 60, spread through the warmer regions of the Old World. '•Stamens not exserted beyond the lips of the corolla. *j"j* Leaves sessile or subsessile. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Rootstock tuberous .... Rootstock not tuberous Corolla less than twice as long as the calyx. Leaves lanceolate .... Leaves oblong-lanceolate . Leaves ovate-oblong Leaves ovate. Corolla not much longer than the calyx Corolla half as long again as the calyx f ^Leaves shortly petioled. Leaves oblong-lanceolate Leaves oblong. Leaves thinly hairy Leaves densely hairy Leaves ovate-lanceolate Leaves ovate. Leaves very small. Calyx Jj7 in. long . . . Calyx \ in. long. Leaves acute ...... Leaves subobtuse ..... Calyx ^ in. long Calyx \ in. long ...... Leaves nob very small. Leaves glabrous. Leaves regularly crenate .... Leaves deeply inciso-crenate Leaves pubescent. Corolla a little longer than the calyx . Corolla half as long again as tho calyx Corolla more than twice as long as the calyx Leaves obovate-obtusc. Leaves not very small . . . . • Leaves very small . . • • • Leaves orbicular ..... 1. O fuberosus. 2. O. tenuijlorus. 3. O. parvifolius. 4. O. hartsioides. 5. O. retinervis. 6. 0. menthcpfoliu-t. 7. O. scabridus. 8. O. salagensis. 9. O. shirensis. 10. O. tuhulascens. 11. O. cladoirichos 12. O. mollU. 13. 0. momhaficvt . 14. 0. calaminthoides. 16. O. rosevs. 16. O. pallidum. 17. O. heterochrous. 18. O. Stuhlvianni. 19. O. violaceus. 20. O. rilloitus. 21. O. ufambarensvs. 22. O. ditsi/ifoliv*. 23. O. malosanvs. 24. O. Wakejleldii. J566 CII. LABIAT.E (baker). [Ortkosiphon. fff Leaves with a long petiole. Corolla-tube rather longer tban the calyx Corolla-tube half as long again as the calyx. Calyx finely pubescent. Leaves acute ..... Leaves obtuse ..... Calyx densely hairy .... Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx. Leaves oblong-lanceolate .... Leaves ovate, acute. Petiole much shorter than the blade Petiole nearly as loug as the blade Leaves ovate, obtuse .... •■-•"■Stamens exserted beyond the lips of the corolla. Bracts minute, deciduous. Corolla a little longer than the calyx. Leaves oblong-lanceolate .... Leaves oblong ..... Leaves cordate-ovate .... Corolla more than twice as long as the calyx. Leaves sessile, linear .... Leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate Upper bracts crowded, persistent. Annuals. Raceme short ...... Raceme long ...... Perennials. Stems finely pubescent. Corolla-tube short .... Corolla-tube half as long again as the calyx Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx . Stems very hairy ..... 25. O. ISchimperi. 26. O. somalensis. 27. O. Hildehrandtii. 28. O. coloratus. 29. 0. Johnstonii. 30. 31. 32. 0. (). 0. nyasicus. Longipes. austral is. 33. 0. Cameroni. 34. 35. 0. 0. iodocalyx. hreviflorus. 36. 0. linearis. 37. 0. liehrechisianus. 38. O. schinzianus. 39. O. hracteosus. 40. O. Marquesii. 41. O. Welwitschii. 42. O. Kirkii. 43. O. miiottii. 1. O. tuberosus, Briquet in Eiujl. Jahrh. xix. 172. Perennial. Root-fibres wiry, thickened into obloug tubers. Stems tufted, short, erect, simple, slender, densely pubescent. Leaves small, sessile, entire, oblong or lanceolate, pubescent on both sides. Whorls 2-flowered, forming a lax, terminal raceme; bracts minute; pedicels pubescent, i in. long. Calyx pubescent, }. in. long; tube campanulate ; upper tooth small, ovate, shorter than the tube ; lateral and lower small cusps. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx ; lobes small. Stamens not exserted &ower Guinea. Angola: province of Huilla, Welwitsch, 54:741 2. O. tenuiflorus, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 50. A low much- branched perennial, with woody main stems and slender pubescent branchlets. Leaves sessile or shortly petioled, firm, small, narrow, obovate-cuneate, crenate, pubescent. Whorls few-flowered, forming lax terminal racemes ; bracts minute ; pedicels shorter than the calyx, pubescent like the rhachis. Fruit-calyx ^ in. long ; tube campanulate, strongly ribbed ; upper tooth orbicular, shorter than the tube ; lateral teeth small cusps ; lower large cusps. Corolla white, more than twice as Orthosipkon.] cii. labiat.^: (baker). 3C7 long as the calyx; tube hairy at the throat; lobes small. Stamens not exserted. — Ocimion depawperatum, Vatke in Linnaea, xliii. H4. Nile liand. Somaliland : Ahl Mountains, near Maid, 27OO-40(J0 ft., Hilde- hrandt, 1561! Harradigit, James Sf Thrtipp I Gerar Amaden, Terracciano. Also in Socotva and Arabia, 3. O. parvifolius, Vatke in Linncea, xliii. 87. Stems perennial, erect, much-branched, slightly pubescent. Leaves sessile, ascending, lanceolate, distantly toothed, pubescent on both sides, 1 in. long. Whorls few-flowered, foi'-ming a lax terminal raceme; bracts minute; pedicels short, hairy. Calyx pubescent, | in. long ; upper lip smjiU, ovate ; lateral and lower teeth minute cusps. Corolla-tube scarcely longer than the calyx ; lobes small. Stamens not exserted. wile Iiand. British East Africa : Ukamba ; Kitui, Hildehrandt, 2745 ! 4. O. bartsioides, Baker. Perennial. Stems long, slender, erect, branched, slightly hairy. Leaves firm, sessile, oblong-lanceolate, crenat€, pubescent on both sides, the lower H-^ in. long. Whorls 2-flowered, forming a long lax raceme ; bracts minute ; pedicels J in. long, like the rhachis densely pubescent. Calyx pubescent, finally \ in. long; tube oblong ; upper tooth orbicular, much shorter than the tube ; lateral and lower teeth large cusps. Corolla-tube half as long again as the calyx ; lobes small. Stamens not exserted. Nile Ziand. British East Africa : Niamniam ; Seriba Merdyan, Schiceinfurth, 3850! 5. O. retinervis. Briquet in Enyl. Jahrh. xix, 175. Stem tall, branched ; branches clothed with crisped ferruginous hairs. Leaves subsessile, ovate-oblong, J-1 in. long, obtuse or subacute, narrowed to the base, coriaceous, regularly crenate, scabrous on both surfaces ; veins raised beneath. Racemes 4-5 in. long ; whorls distant, many- flowered ; bracts deciduous ; pedicels densely pubescent, J in. long. Flower-calyx J in. long; upper tooth ovate, the others setaceous. Corolla protruding J in. from the throat of the calyx ; lips both ^.. in. long. Stamens included. Zio-wer Guinea. Angola : Cissacala (? Sacalla}, near the River Kuango, Mechoiv, 553. 6. O. menthsefolius, Briquet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 170. A perennial herb, with the habit of Ocimuni hasilicum. Stems erect, pubescent. Leaves nearly sessile, ovate, deflexed, deeply crenate, 1-H in . long, pubescent on both sides. Racemes short, moderately dense: rhachis very pubescent ; flowers about 4 in a whorl; bracts small, deciduous; pedicels short, very hairy. Fruit-calyx ^ in. long ; upper lip orbicular, about as long as the tube ; lower teeth large cusps. Corolla not much longer than the calyx. Stamens short ; upper filaments not appen- diculate. Style clavate. lower Guinea. Angola: province of Huilla, Weltvitsch, 5475! 368 cii. LABiAT.-E (baker). \Orthosi2)hon. 7. O. scabridus, Briquet in EikjI. Jahrh. xix. 175. A tall herb, with green branches, clothed with spreading and crisped hairs. Leaves subsessile, broadly ovate, 1^—- in. long, obtuse, rounded or subcordate at the base, regularly crenate, scabrous on both surfaces. Racemes lax, 4—5 in. long ; pedicels pilose, i in. long ; bracts small, lanceolate, per- sistent. Calyx in flower I in. long ; upper tooth ovate, decurrent, the others lanceolate-subulate. Corolla protruding \ in. from the throat of the calyx ; lips small, subequal. Stamens included. Iioixrer Guinea. Angola: Malange, jlfec/io?i', 442. 8. O. salagensis. Baker. Stems square, erect, slender, branched, glabrous. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong-lanceolate, acute, conspicu- ously serrate, obscurely pubescent, cuneate and entire at the base, 1-li in. long, whorls few -flowered, forming long lax terminal racemes; bracts minute ; pedicels yV-^ in. long. Fruit-calyx \ in. long ; tube oblong, curved ; upper tooth small, orbicular ; lateral teeth small cusps ; lower larger cusps. Corolla-tube cylindrical, a little longer than the calyx ; lobes small. Stamens not exserted. Upper Guinea. Dagomba : Salaga, on the Upper Volta, Krause ! 9. O. shirenais. Baker. A much-branched erect perennial herb. Stems thinly hairy. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong, the lower 2-3 in. long, cuneate at the base, distinctly crenate, thinly hairy on both sur- faces. Racemes 3-4 in. long, forming a lax terminal panicle ; pedicels short, very hairy; bracts small, ovate, persistent, reddish. Calyx broadly funnel-shaped, J in. long ; upper tooth broadly ovate ; lateral teeth deltoid-cuspidate ; lower longer, lanceolate, ^ in. long. Corolla- tube rather longer than the caljx ; lips small. Stamens not exserted. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; without precise locality, Buchanan, 137 ! 10. O. tubnlascens, ^ri^«e^ in Enyl. Jahrh, xix. 174. Perennial. Stems erect, much branched, densely pubescent. Leaves small, shortly petioled, oblong, with a cuneate base, crenate, densely hairy on both sides. Whorls few-flowered, forming a long lax terminal raceme ; bracts minute; pedicels very short, densely hairy. Calyx finally \ in. long ; tube campanulate ; upper tooth orbicular, as long as the tube ; lateral and lower teeth large cusps. Corolla-tube cylindrical, half as long again at the calyx ; lobes small. Stamens not exserted. Ibower Guinea. Angola: province of Hnilla, Weltcitsch, 5492 ! 11. O. cladotrichos, Gurke in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 349. A branched herb, with velvety-pubescent stems. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, acuminate, nan'owed to the base, deeply serrate, pubescent above, velvety beneath. Whorls 6 -flowered, forming lax racemes. Calyx naked inside at the throat ; upper tooth broadly ovate, with slightly decurrent margins ; lateral teeth deltoid-cuspidate ; lower setaceous. Stamens included. Mozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Usambara; Nyika, Hoist, 3922. Orthosiphon.^ cii. labiates (baker). 369 12. O. mollis. Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 225. A perennial herb, with pubescent branchlets. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, \-\ in. long, obtuse, crenate, broadly rounded at the base, densely pubescent on both surfaces. Racemes lax, simple ; whorls 5-0 -dowered; pedicels short ; bracts minute. Calyx pubescent, yV in. long ; tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate, the others lanceolate. Corolla-tube cylindrical, \ in. long; lips small, oblong. Stamens not exserted. Nile Ziand. Soraaliland : Golis Range, Mrs. Lort-Phillips ! 13. O. xnoxubasicns, Baker, Stems very slender, erect, branched, slightly pubescent upwards. Leaves shortly petioled, small, ovate, acute, crenate, slightly pubescent. Whorls few-flowered, forming a very lax terminal raceme ; bracts minute ; pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx finally \ in. long ; tube funnel-shaped ; upper lip sub- orbicular, much shorter than the tube ; lateral teeth small cusps ; lower larger cusps. Corolla-tube cylindrical, twice as long as the calyx ; lobes small. Stamens not exserted. irile Xiand. British East Africa : Mombasa, Wakefield ! 14. O. calaminthoideSy Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 225. A much-branched undershrub, with pubescent branchlets. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, \-^ in. long, subobtuse, crenate, green and pubescent on both surfaces. Racemes simple, long, lax ; whorls 2-6-flowered ; pedicels longer than the calyx ; bracts minute Calyx pubescent, J m. long ; tube cylindrical ; teeth minute ; upper ovate and obtuse ; lower linear. Corolla-tube cylindrical, \ in. long ; lips small ; upper shorter ; lower Ungulate. Stamens not exserted. Style entire at the top. irile Iband. Somaliland : Golis range, Mrs. Lort-Phillips ! 15. O. roseiis, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 174. Stems slender, erect, much branched, slightly pubescent upwards. Leaves shortly petioled, small, ovate, acute, crenate, slightly pubescent. Whorls many, few-flowered, forming a lax terminal raceme; bracts minute; pedicels short, pubescent. Fruit-calyx J in. long ; upper tooth orbicular, shorter than the oblong tube ; lateral teeth small cusps ; lower larger cusps. Corolla rose-red ; tube cylindrical, twice as long as the calyx ; lobes small. Stamens not exserted. wile Iiand. British East Africa : Bongo ; by the River Roa, Schweinfurth, 2705 ! Niamniam ; by the River Mabode, Schweinfurth, 3818 ! 16. O, pallidus, Hoyle ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 50. Perennial, much branched from the base ; stems short, densely pubescent. Leaves shortly petioled, small, ovate, obtuse, crenate, pubescent on both side^^. Whorls few-flowered, forming a lax terminal raceme ; bracts minute ; rhachis pubescent ; pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx pubescent, finally J in. long ; tube oblong ; upper lol)e orbicular, shorter than the tube ; lateral and lower large cusps. Corolla twice as long as the calyx ; lobes small. Stamens not exserted. — Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 370 cii. LABIATE (baker). [Ortfiosiphon . 018. 0. Ehrenhergii, Vatke in Linnaea, xxxvii. 316. Ocimum rejiejcum, Ehrenb. exSchweinf. Beitr. Fl. ^ohiop. 120. 0.7iepeta'fol'nim, Hochst. ex Vatke, 1. c. 0. rejiexus, var. pallidus, Terracciano in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma. V 101. XTile Xiand. Island of I) iliik, Ehrenherg. Nubia: Erkowit Mountain, near Suakin, Schweinfurth, 211 ! Eritrea : near Massowa, Ehrenherg ; Ailet, Ehrenherg ; Ginda, 3000 ft., Schweinfurth, 302 ! near Saati, Schroeinfurth ^ Eiva, 330 ! Abyssinia, Schimper. AIjo in Aral)ia and Nortli-West Indir'.. 17. O. heterochrous, Briquet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 173. A branched herb, with reddish-green glabrescent stems. Lecives subsessile or shortly petioled, ovate or ovate-obloag, about 1 in. long, acute or subacute, narrowed to the base, regularly crenate, glabrous en both surfaces Racemes 3-4 in. long, lax towards the base ; bracts deciduous ; axis densely ferrugino-pubescent ; pedicels \ in. long. Calyx violet, ferru- gino-pubescent, especially at the base, \ in. long in flower ; upper tooth ovate, the others setaceous. Corolla protruding |^^J in. from the throat of the calyx ; lower lip yV in. long. Stamens rcciching the tip of the lower lip. Ziower Guinea. Angola : at tlie River Kuango, Pogge, 366. 18. O. Stuhlmannii, Gurke in Engl. Pfi. Ost-Afr. C. 349. A branched herb, with pubesgent stems. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1-1 J in. long, narrowed to the base, deeply inciso- crenate, glabrous on both surfaces. Whorls 0-flowered, forming lax racemes ; bracts broadly ovate, acute. Calyx naked inside at the throat ; upper tooth suborbicular, obtuse ; lateral teeth deltoid-cuspidate ; lower 3etaceous. Stamens included. BKozamb* Dlst. German East Africa : Mwanza, on tbe Victoria Nj,anza, Stuhlmann, 4168. 19. O. violaceus, Briquet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 178. Perennial. Stem short, decumbent, purple, thinly hairy. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, obtuse, crenate, rounded at the base, rigidly coriaceous, \\ in. long, obscurely pubescent beneath, with raised veins. Raceme short ; whorls many-flowered ; pedicels very short ; bracts as long as the calyx. Calyx \ in. long ; upper )ip orbicular, us long as the campanulate tube ; lower cusps small. Corolla a little longer than the calyx. Stamens as long as the corolla. Upper filaments naked. Kower Guinea. Angola : province of Huillfi, Welivitsch, 5473 ! 20. O. villoSTlS, Briquet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 177. A perennial herb. Stem erect, clothed with short hairs. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, crenate, rounded at the base, 1-1 J in. long, moderately firm, thinly pubescent on both sides. Raceiries lax, 2-3 in. long ; rhachis hairy; flowers about 6 in a whorl; bracts lanceolate, small ; pedicels \-^ in. long. Fruit-calyx \ in. long; upper lip ovate, shorter than the tube; lower cusps moderately large. Corolla \ in. long. Stamens Ortkosiphon.] cii. labiate (baker). 371 short, not exserted ; upper tilaments hairy throughout, not appendicu- late. Xio^ver Guinea. Angola: province of Huilla, Welwitsch, 5 172 ! 21. O. usambarensis, Gilrke in EmjL Pji. Ost-Afr. 0. M{). A branched herb, with .stems pubescent upwards. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, 1-li in. long, acute, narrowed to the base, deeply inciso-crenate, membranous, pubescent on both surfaces. Whorls G-flowered, forming a lax cylindrical raceme, 'di-i] in. long; bracts minute, broadly ovate; pedicels pubascent, J- in. long. Calyx finally J in. long; upper tooth ovate, with decurrent edges, as long as the tube ; lateral teeth deltoid- cuspidate ; lower subulate. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx ; lips small. Stamens included. XVXozaml). Bist. German East Africa: Usambara ; Masheua, Hoist, 3561a ! '22. O. dissitifolius. Baker. Perennial. Stems slender, erect, simple or branched, under a foot long, slightly hairy. Leaves in few distant pairs, shortly petioled, obovate-cuneate, obtuse, obscurely crenate, 1-1^ in. long, moderately firm, obscurely nubescent on both sides. Flowers in few whorls forming a lax terminal raceme, G-8 in a whorl ; pedicels hairy, J-J in. long; bracts lanceolate, minute. Calyx purplish, ^ in. long, slightly hairy; tube campanulate; upper lip ovate, as long as the tube ; lower teeth large, lanceolate, longer than the upper lip. Corolla-tube cylindrical, much longer than the calyx; lips small. Stamens not exserted. XVXozamb. Blst. British Central Africa : Urungu ; Fwambo, 5000-6000 ft., Carson, 69 ! '2d. O. xnalosanus. Baker. A much-branched erect perennial, with stems woody in the lower part and slender densely pilose branches. Leaves shortly petioled, obovate-cuneate, very small, obtuse, crenate in the upper half, green and thinly pilose on both surfaces. Whorls •!-(!- flowered, forming a short lax raceme ; bracts minute ; pedicels pubescent, \ in. long. Fruit-calyx pilose, above \ in. long; tube campanulate; upper tooth ovate ; lateral teeth lanceolate ; lower linear, longer than the tube. Corolla as long as the calyx ; lips small. Stamens not exserted. XtXozamb. Blst. British Cenlral Africa : Xyasaland ; Mount MhIosh, \000- 6000 ft., Whyte ! 24. O. Wakefieldii, Baker. Perennial. Stems slender, decum- bent, much-branched, pubescent, 1-2 ft. long. Leaves small, petioled, orbicular, crenate, densely hairy on both sides. Racemes lax ; bi*acts minute, deciduous ; whorls few-flowered ; pedicels as long as the calyx. Calyx ^ in. long ; tube campanulate ; upper tooth orbicular, as long as the tube ; lateral teeth small ; lower large cusps. Corolla-tube subcylindrical, 872 cii. LABIATE (baker). [Orthosiphon. dilated at the throat, twice as long as the calyx; lobes small. Stamens not exserted. Xarile Ziand. British East Africa : collected in a journey from Ribe to the Galla country, Wakefield ! 25. O. Schixnperi, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 51. Perennial. Stems erect or decumbent, simple or branched, densely hairy upwards. Leaves petioled, ovate, crenate, 1-8 in. long, hairy on both sides.. Racemes dense or lax ; whorls many-flowered ; bracts minute, deciduous ; pedicels short, pubescent. Calyx pubescent, finally \ in. long; tube oblong; upper lobe suborbicular, much shorter than the tube; lateral teeth small cusps ; lower large cusps. Corolla-tube rather longer than the calyx; lobes small. Stamens not exserted. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 180. Ocimum coloratum, Hochst. in Flora, 1841, Intell. 23; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 358. If lie Ziand* Abyssinia : Tigre ; among stones on the summit of Mount Scholoda, Schimper, 813! and without precise locality, Petit! British East Africa: Niannniam ; Nganye, Schweinfurth^ 3941 ! 26. O. somalensis, Fa^Are mZmn<3ea, xliii. 87. Perennial. Stem 3 ft. high, much-branched, slightly pubescent. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, acute, membranous, crenate, pubescent, J-1 in. long. Whorls few-flowered, forming a lax terminal raceme ; bracts minute ; pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx finely pubescent, finally ^-\ in. long : tube oblong ; upper tooth ovate, shorter than the tube ; lateral and lower large, cuspidate from a deltoid base. Corolla-tube half as long again as the calyx ; limb small. Stamens not exserted. If lie Xiand. Somaliland : Serrut Mountains, near Maid, 4900 ft., Hildehrandt, 1428 ! 27. O. Hildebrandtii, Baker. An erect branched perennial, with subglabrous stems. Leaves distinctly petioled, membranous, ovate, obtuse, crenate, about 1 in. long. Whorls few-flowered, forming a lax terminal raceme ; bracts minute ; pedicels shorter than the calyx. Flower-calyx J in. long ; tube oblong, slightly pubescent ; upper lip very small, obtuse ; lateral teeth deltoid ; lower larger, lanceolate-cuspidate. Corolla-tube subcylindrical, much longer than the calyx ; lobes small. Stamens not exserted.— 0. australis, Vatke in Linnsea, xliii. 86, not xl. 179. Jflle Xiand. British East Africa : Ukamba ; Kitui, HiUehrandt, 2746 ! 28. O. coloratus, Vatke in Linncea, xliii. 86. Perennial. Stem erect, pubescent, simple or branched, under 1 ft. long. Leaves petioled, ovate or oblong, crenate, pubescent, 1-lJ in. long, cuneate and entire at the base. Kacemes lax or moderately dense ; bracts- minute, decid- uous; flowers 3-6 in a whorl; pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx very hairy, \ in. long ; upper tooth oblong, shorter than the tube ; latera) teeth small -cusps ; lower large cusps. Corolla-tube subcylindrical, half Orthosiphon.] cii. labiat^e (baker). 373 as long again as the calyx ; lips half as long as the tube. Stamens not exserted. wile Itand. British East Africa : Ukamba ; Kitui, Hildehrandt, 2747 ! XWozamb. DlBt. British Central Africa : N^asaland ; Mount Mhmje, Whyte ! 29. O. Johnstonii^ Baker. Perennial, with a thick woody root- stock. Stems short, slender, tufted, erect, branched, obscurely pube.scent. Leaves shortly petioled, small, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obscurely toothed, moderately firm, pubescent on both sides. Whorls few- flowered, forming a lax terminal raceme; bracts minute; pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx finally \ in. long; tube oblong; upper tooth small, turning red ; lateral teeth small cusps ; lower larger cusps. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx; lobes small. Stamens not exserted. wile I^and. British East Africa : Kilimanjaro Expedition, 40 to 60 miles from the coast, Johnston ! 30. O. nyasicus. Baker. An erect branched herb, with slender stems densely clothed with soft spreading hairs. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, 2 in. long, acute, deeply ere n ate, broadly rounded at the base, deep green and nearly glabrous on both surfaces. Whorls few- flowered, forming a long lax raceme; bracts minute; pedicels short. Fruit-calyx pilose, J in. long ; tube campanulate ; teeth much shorter than the tube; upper ovate ; lower lanceolate. Corolla \ in. long ; tube cylindrical, more than twice as long as the calyx; lips small. Stamens not exserted. Mozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Xyasaland ; North Nyasa, Whyte ! 31. O. longipes, Baker. An erect herb, with slender slightly pubescent stems 3 ft. long. Leaves ovate, acute, membranous, crenate, 2-3 in. long, nearly glabrous on both surfaces ; petiole nearly as long a.s the blade. Whorls few-flowered, forming a long lax raceme ; bracis minute; pedicels ^ in. long. Calyx finally J^ in. long; tube campanu- late ; upper tooth orbicular, purple, as long as the tube; lateral siumII cusps; lower large cusps. Corolla-tube cylindrical, curved, hairy, twice as long as the calyx ; lobes small. Stamens not exserted. Ziower Guinea. Angola : thirty miles inland trom Ambriz, Mon/eiro .' 32. O. australis, Vatke in Liniicea, xl. 171>. Habit of Ocimmn sanctum. Probably annual. Stems much-branched, slightly pubescent towards the top. Leaves petioled, ovate, obtuse, dentate, subglabrons, the largest l^ in. long, 1 in. broad. Racemes slender, simple ; whorls 6 -flowered ; bracts minute, shorter than the pedicels. Calyx \ in. long in flower, rather larger in fruit ; upper tooth obovate, conciive, pilose, decurrent ; 4 lower teeth long, setaceous. Corolla more than twice the length of the calyx. Mozamb. Blst. Portuguese East Africa : Kios de Sena, Peters. VOL. v. W 374 cii. LABIATE (baker). [OrthosipkoTi . 33. O. Cameroni, Baker in Kew Bulletin^ 1805, 72. Perennial; stems short, slender, erect, simple, finely pubescent. Leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, acute, minutely toothed, slightly pubescent, 1-1 J in. long. Whorls few, few-flowered, forming a very lax terminal raceme ; bracts minute ; pedicels very short, pubescent. Calyx \ in. long ; tube campanulate, pubescent; upper tooth short, broad, obtuse; lateral and lower teeth minute cusps. Corolla-tube a little longer than the calyx; lower lip \ in. long. Stamens much exserted. Mozaxnb. Dlst. Lake Tang'anyika, Cameron ! British Central Africa : Uruiigu ; Fwambo, 5200 ft., Nutt ! Carson I M. O. iodocaljTX, Briquet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 174. Suflfruticose at the base ; branches reddish, subglabrous. Leaves petioled, oblong, lj-2i in. long, acute or subacute, narrowed to the base, regularly and deeply crenate, glabrous on both surfaces, green above, glabrous beneath. Raceme 4 in. long, moderately dense ; bracts deciduous; axis shortly pubescent; pedicels finally J in. long. Flower-calyx violet, \-\ in. long ; upper tooth ovate, scarcely decurrent ; lower teeth setaceous. Corolla protruding ^ in. from the throat of the calyx ; lower lip -J in. long. Stamens exserted. Jtovrex Guinea. Angohi : at the River Knango, Pogge, 353. 35. O. breviflorus, Vatke in Liimcpa, xliii. 88. Perennial. Stems slender, simple, densely pubescent. Leaves shortly petioled, cordate- ovate, acute, membranous, green and hairy on both sides, lJ-1 in. long. Whorls numerous, many-flowered, forming a moderately dense terminal raceme 3-4 in. long ; bracts, except the lowest, small ; pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx J in. long; tube campanulate; upper tooth obovate, longer than the tube ; lower about as long, deltoid or lanceolate. Corolla but little longer than the calyx. Lower stamens exserted. Style not capitate, as described by Vatke. Urile Ziand. British East Africa : Taita ; Ndara Plain, Hildehra^idt, 2414 ! 36. O. linearis, Benth. in Hook. Ic. FL t. 1274. Stems very slender, square, glabrous. Leaves sessile, narrow linear, glabrous, 1-nerved, 1 in. long; margins revolute. Raceme very long; whorls 2-6-flowered ; bracts minute ; pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx \ in. long ; tube campanulate ; upper lip orbicular, shorter than the tube; lateral teeth deltoid, with a small cusp; lower small, subulate. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx, cylindrical, with a dilated throat. Stamens much exserted ; anticous filaments connate above the middle. — Rolfe in Gates, Matabeleland, ed. 2, 407. Mozaml). Bist. Matabeleland, Oaten 1 37. O. liebrechtsianus. Briquet in Bull. Hoc, Boi.Belg. xxxvii. 84. A perennial herb or undershrub, with ascending pubescent or sub- glabrous branches. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong-lanceolate, 1 in. long, obtuse, crenate, narrowed to the base, daik green above, light Orihosiphon?^ cii. labiate (baker). 375 green beneath, glabrescent or pilose. Raceme lax, 2-8 in. long; whorls O-flovvered ; bracts small, lanceolate; pedicels short, pubescent. Calyx very variable in size, ^-^ in. long; tube campanulate, pilose; upper tooth ovate, lower subulate. Corolla white, protruding \ in, from the throat of the calyx ; lips small. Stamens slightly exserted. — De Wild. k. Durand, 111. Fl. Congo, i. t. 37. Soutb Central. Congo Free State: Mossanze, Descampa ; Mtowa, on Lake Tiiiigaiivika, Descamps. 38. O. schinzianusy Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 173. An erect annual, with a simple erect densely pubescent stem. Leaves subsessile, 2-3 in. long, acute, narrowed to the base, dentate, green and slightly pubescent above, grey and densely pubescent beneath. Raceme siiort, lax in the lower half; axis densely pubescent; upper bracts ovate, purple, persistent, very pubescent ; pedicels J in. long. Calyx densely pubescent, yV-;^ in. long; upper tooth ovate, the others lanceolate. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx ; lips small. Stamens distinctly exserted. liO^irer Guinea. German South-West Africa : Ambolaml ; Osliiliekf, Schinz, 45! Very near O. hracteosus, Haker. 39. O. bracteosus. Baker. Annual. Stems slender, branched, hairy, erect, 1-3 ft. long. Leaves lanceolate, serrate, 2-C in. long, sessile or shortly petioled, hairy on both sides. Racemes long, lax ; flowers 4-() in a whorl ; rhachis hairy ; pedicels short ; upper bract large, ovate, reddish, membranous, persistent. Calyx finally \ in. long; upper tooth orbicular, shorter than the tube ; lower with large cusps. Corolla-tube half as long again as the calyx. Stamens much exserted.. — Ocimum hracteosum^ Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 41 ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 455 ; Briquet in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ii. 122 ; Vatke in Lmna^a, xl. 177 ; Hemizygia hracteosa, Briquet in Ann. Jard. Gen. ii. (1S1)8) 248. Upper Gruinea. Senegal : sandy soil at Maliina, Leeard, 174. 219 (cx Briqutt) ; and witlionL precise locality, Heudelot, 396 ! Niger TerritorN : Nupe, coiumor, Barter, 946 ! AXozamb. X>i8t. German East Africa : Usambara ; Duga, Hoht, 3189 1 Portuguese East Africa : near Lupata, Kirk ! Rios de Sena and Boios, and n»ar Tete, Peters (ex Vatke). Britislj Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Namasi, Camerun, 38 1 Mount Malosa, 4000-6000 ft., Whyte ! Shire Higlilands, Buchanan, 74! 40. O. Marquesii, Briquet in Arm. Jard. Uen. ii. (l^i^^) 242. An undershrub, with hairy, often violet branches. Leaves shortly petioled, round-ovate, 1 in. long, obtuse, pubescent and green on botli surfaces, slightly rugose beneath, crenate. Whorls simple, (Utlowered, forming long racemes ; pedicels shorter than the calyx ; lower bracts deciduous ; upper large, round-ovate, violet, forming a persistent couia. Flower- calyx J-J in. long, densely pibse at the base, glabrescent upwards; upper tooth small, ovate, lower teeth setaceous. Corolla violet, protruded 4 in, from the throat of the calyx , tube shortly exserted. Stamens '^>76 cii. LABIATE (baker). [OrthosiphoYi. protruded \ in. from the throat of the calyx. Style entire, clavate at the apex. Iiower Guinea. Angola : Malange, Marques, 25, 6-i. Henrique?, in Bolet. Soc. IJrot. xvi. 70, reduces this to O. IVelwitschii, Rolfe. 41. O. Welwitschii, Rolfe in Bolet. Soc. Brot. xi. 88. Perennial. Stems erect, finely pubescent, simple or branched, 1-1 i ft. long. Leaves oblong, l-lj in. long, shortly petioled, entire or obscurely serrate, pubescent on both sides. Racemes long, lax ; flowers about 4 in a whorl ; rhachis pubescent ; pedicels short, ascending ; upper bracts large, bright red, ovate, acute, persistent. Calyx finally I in. long; upper lip orbicular, shoiter than the tube ; 4 lower teeth large cusps. Corolla-tube half as long again as the calyx ; lips small. Stamens exserted beyond the corolla-lips. — C. adornatus, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 176. Zio-wer Guinea. ' Angola : province of Huilla, Welwitsch, 5519 ! 5520 ! 5555 ! Ambaca ; Lutete Savannah, Buchner, 570 ; Malange, Marques, 7 ! Mechoio, 166 ; between Sanza and Malange, Pogge, 349 : Quissange, Archieta, 41. Briquet, 1. c, describes 3 varieties, chlorochrous. oblongifolius, and rotundifolius. 42. O. Kirkii, Baker. Perennial. Stems finely pubescent, 1-2 ft. long, simple or branched. Leaves 2-4 to a node, lanceolate or oblong- lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, sessile or shortly petioled, entire or serrate, firm, obscurely pubescent on both sides. Racemes dense at the top, lax towards the base; pedicels very short ; upper bracts large, linear, dark purple. Calyx finally \ in. long ; upper tooth orbicular ; lower teeth with large cusps. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx. Stamens much exserted. srile Ziand. British East Africa : Nyika country, near Moiiibasa, Wakefield. Mozamb. Dlst. Lake Tanganyika, Cameron ! Portuguese East Africa : between Unango and Mtonia, east of Lake Nyasa, Johnson ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; vvest shore of Lake Nyasa, at the foot of K^ / British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Maiiganja Hills, Meller ! Zoinha and t-a-^t end of Lake Shirwa, Meller .' Konuowe to Karoiiga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte ! Songwe River and Karonga, 1700- 2000 ft., Whyie, 58 ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 410 ! 916 ! Rhodesia ; Taniasctze, llolub ! Gasliuina Plain, Holub, 1919 ! Leshunia Valley, Hohib ! Also in Soutli Africa and Madagascar. 9. ALVESIA, Welw. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii. 117G. Calyx small in the flowering stage, with a campanulate tube and very small obtuse lobes, in fruit large, scariose and inflated. Corolla- tube scarcely longer than the calyx; throat dilated, oblique; upper lip very short; lower large, oblong, concave. Stamens 4, didynamous, declinate ; filaments free ; anther-cells confluent. Disk thick, equal, entire or shortly lobed. Style shortly bifid. Kucules obovoid, granular. Endemic and monotypic. 1. A. rosmarlnifolia, Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 55, t. 19. A much-branched undershrub, 8-4 ft. high, with woody branches and small square densely hairy branchlets. Leaves small, sessile, lanceolate, entire, rather rigid, with reflexed edges, very hairy. Whorls many- flowered, forming simple dense racemes ; bracts small^ ovate ; pedicels ^-J in. long, densely hairy, like the rhachis. Calyx in flower ^ in. long, densely coated with whitish pubescence, in fruit ventricose, 1 in. long. Corolla pale lilac; tube ^ in. long; lower lip decurved, as long as the tube. Stamens as long as the lower lip.— Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 862 ; De Wild. & Durand, 111. Fl. Congo, i. t. 42. JaO'wer Cruinea. Lower Congo : Stanley l*ool, 1000 ft.. Hens, 88 I Angola : province of Huilla, 3800-5500 ft., Wei witsch, 1Q2>Q \ Chella Mountains, Johnston! Cunene River, Johnston ! I think the plant mentioned in Gen. Plant. 1. c, raised by Messrs. Rollison from seeds given them by Dr. Livingstune, is a form of the same species, I suppose either from the Mozambique or South Central districts. 10. PYCNOSTACHYS, Hook. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii. 1177. Calyx slightly accrescent ; tube short, campanulate ; teeth 5, sub- equal, subulate, rigid. Corolla-tube longer than the calyx, deflexed and dilated at the throat ; upper lip short, 4-toothed ; lower longer, deeply concave. Stamens 4, didynamous, declinate ; filaments filiiorm, free ; anther-cells confluent. Disk subequai. Style shortly bifid. Nucules subglobose, smooth. — Perennial herbs. Leaves opposite, broad or narrow, sessile or petioled. Whorls condensed into a dense terminal spike ; bracts small. Corolla bright blue or violet. Pycnostachya.' CII. LABIATE (baker). H79 One ndditional species in Madagascar. ^Leaves sessile. Leaves linear. Calyx-teeth not longer than the tube . Calyx-teetli finally twice the length of the tube Calyx-teeth three times the length of the tube Leaves linear-lnneeolate ..... Leaves hinceolate. Spikes cylindrical. Teeth of fruit-calyx erec*^ .... Teeth of fruit-calyx spreading . Spikes oblong or conical. Leaves very small, fascicled Leaves opposite, not very small. Leaves \\-2 in. long, dehv?xed Leaves middle-sized. Calyx-teeth ^-^ in. long . . . , Calyx-teeth \ in. long . . . . Leaves large. Leaves amplexicaul . . . . . Leaves not amplexicaul . . . . Spikes globose ....... Leaves ohlong-lanceolate. Calyx-teeth |~1 in. long. Veins of the lower surface of the leaf slightly laised . . . . . . * Veins of the lower surface of the leaf much raised Calyx-teeth \ in. long. Leaves glabrous Leaves pubescent Leaves oblong Leaves ovate . ** Leaves shortly petioled. Leaves linear or lanceolate Leaves oblong-lanceolate . Leaves oblong. iveaves subentire . Leaves deeply serrate Leaves ovate. Calyx-teeth ^ in. long Ca lyx- teeth i-^ in. long ***Leaves with a long petiole. Leaves lanceolate . Leaves oblong-lanceolate . Leaves oblong Leaves ovate-lanceolate. Leaves glabrous . Leaves pubescent Leaves ovate. Leaves glabrous. Calyx-teeth subulate Calyx -teeth lanceolate-subulate Leaves pubescent on the ribs and edges Leaves densely pubescent 1. p. atenoatachys. . 2. P. Schweinfurfhii 3. P. Descomjjsii . 4. P. JSfuhlmannii. . 5 . 6 . P. congemis. . P. mit-rantha. 7 . P. parvifolia . 8 P. defexi folia. . 9 . 10 P. Kirkii. P. remoti folia . . 11 12. 13. P. speciosa. P. affinis. P. sphctrocephala. 14. ]5. P. refictilafa. P. decussafa. 16. P. Pelherickii. 17. 18. 19. P. niamnianiensis P. Whytei. P. nepetctfolia. 20. 21. P. verticillata. P. Volken-sii. 22. 23. P. Hanningfonii. P. Meyeri. 24. 25. P. ruivenzoriensix. P. uhyssinica. 26. 27. 28. P. Goetzenii. P. Emini. P. oblonyifoUa. 29. 30. P. orlhodonfa. P. puhcscens. 31. 32. 33. 34. P. leptophylla. P. Batesii. P. cyanea. P. urticifolia. 380 cii. LABIATE (baker). [Pycnostachys. 1. P. stenostachys, Baker. A perennial, with branched square glabrous stems. Leaves distant, linear, sessile, glabrous. Spikes very- dense, cylindrical, 2-2^ in. long, under J in. diam. exclusive of the corollas. Fruit-calyx J in. long ; teeth linear, not longer than the carapanulate tube. Corolla not seen. Wile Iband. Unyoro : banks of the Nile, amongst rushes, Speke Sf Grant ! 2. P. Schweinfurthii, Briquet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 191. An erect branched perennial, with pale square stems 2 ft. long, pubescent towards the top. Leaves distant, linear, spreading, sessile or subsessile, serrate, obscurely pubescent beneath, the largest 3-4 in. long, \ in. broad at the middle. Spikes very dense, finally 1 j-2 in. long, f-1 in. diam. exclusive of the corollas. Fruit-calyx J- J in. long ; teeth subulate, twice as long as the campanulate tube. Corolla pale blue, glabrous outside ; lower lip J in. long. Upper Guinea. Togoland : Krak^e, Krause ! ISrile land. British East Africa : Bongo; Dukuttu (Dnggudu), Schweinfurthy 2770! 3. P. Descampsii, Briquet in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 63. A tall herb. Stem cylindrical, many-ribbed, pubescent ; internodes long. Leaves 5-6 in a whorl, subsessile, linear, 1-2| in. long, very acute, narrowed to the base, obscurely toothed, green and pubescent on both surfaces. Spike dense, terminal, oblong-conical, 1-1 J in. long; bracts linear, as long as the expanded flowers, protruding beyond the buds. Tube of flower-calyx campanulate, very small, densely pubescent ; teeth subulate, J-i in. long. Corolla blue, protruding J-| in. from the throat of the calyx ; lips J- J in. long. Stamens included. Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Risobi, near the River Lufongo, Des- camps. 4. P. StnHlmannii, Gurke in Engl Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 345. Stems tetragonous, branched, pubescent. Leaves very shortly petioled, linear-lanceolate, conspicuously acuminate, narrowed to the base, deeply serrate, glabrous on the upper surface except on the ribs, pubescent beneath. Spikes short, ovoid. Calyx pubescent ; teeth rather longer than the tube, pubescent upwards. xrile Xiand. German East Africa : Karagwe ; Ngaramo district, Stuhlmann, 1630. 5. P. congensis, Gurke in Bull. H&rh. Boies, iv. 819. Stem and branches pubescent. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, acuminate, 2-4 in. long, strongly serrate, glabrous on both surfaces or pubescent on the main veins. Spike cylindrical. Calyx-tube campanulate, glandular-pubescent, ■^^ in. long ; teeth erect, as long as the tube. Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Samba, Descamps, 28; Lusambo, on the River Sankuru, Descamps, 27. i Pycnostachys.] cii. labiate (baker). 381 G. P. micrantha, Gurke in Engl. Pji. Ost-Afr. C. 345. Sterna tetra^jonous, pubescent, branched. Leaves subsessile or very shortlv petioled, lanceolate, narrowed to the base, very acuminate, serrate, quite glabrous on both surfaces. Spikes narrow, cylindrical. Calyx carn- panulate, glabrous; teeth divaricate, rigid, scarcely longer than the tube. Corolla small. nxozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Karagwe, Stuhlmann, 1720 ; Bukoba, Siuhlmann, 3276, 3718, 3953 ; Mpororo, Stuhlmann, 2056. 7. P. paryifolia, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 72. Stems herba- ceouvS, perennial, branched, densely pubescent, lJ-2 ft. long. Leaves sessile, verticillate, linear or lanceolate, entire, densely pubescent, unequal, the longest 6-9 lin. long. Racemes very dense, oblong or subglobose ; bracts small, linear. Calyx pilose ; tube very short ; teeth rigid, linear-subulate, finally J in. long. Corolla 0-9 lin. long ; tube much longer than the calyx ; upper lip small, narrow. Stamens included. Mozamb. Bist. German East Africa : between Lake Tanganxika and Lake Rukvva, Nutt ! Biitish Central Africa: Urungu ; Fwambo, 5000-6000 ft.. Carson, 26 ! 34 ! 92 ! 103 ! N^asaland ; Tanganyika Plateau at Fort Hill, 3500-4000 ft., Whyte : 8. P. deflexifolia^ Baker. A perennial herb, with quadrangular pube.scent stems. Leaves in distant pairs, subsessile, deflexed, lanceo- late, 1^-2 in. long, acuminate, finely serrate, subcoriaceous, green and finely pubescent on both surfaces. Spikes dense, oblong, single, terminal, 1|— 2 in. long. Calyx-tube small, campanulate, thinly pilose ; teeth subulate, spreading, hispid, \ in. long. Corolla violet. wile Iiand. British East Africa : near Lake Elnieteita, 6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6756! 9. P. Kirkiiy Baker. A perennial, with erect simple pubescent stems 2 ft. long. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, firm in textupe, pubescent, distantly and minutely dentate, the lower 2-3 in. long, J in. broad, the upper growing gradually smaller. Flower-spikes very dense, bhort, conical, panicled. Calyx-teeth in the flowering stage J in. long. Corolla very hairy outside ; lower lip \ in. long. Mozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Manganja Hills, 3000- 4000 ft.. Kirk ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 700 ! 10. P. rexnotifolia. Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1898, IGl. An erect perennial herb, with glabrous tetragonous stems. Leaves in a few- distant pairs, subsessile, lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, acuminate, narrowed to the base, toothed, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Spikes many, dense, oblong, panicled, J-lJ in. long; lower flowei-s deflexed. Calyx-tube short; teeth setaceous, rigid, ^ in. long. Corolla blue; tube longer thf n the calyx ; lower lip concave, J in. long. Stamen.'^ not exserted from the lower lip. Mozamb. Slat. British Central Africa : Nyusuland ; Tanganyiku Plateau, at Fort Hill, 3500-4000 ft., WTiyte ! 382 cii. LABiATiE (baker). \^Pycno8tachy8. 11. P. apeciosa, Gurke in Engl. Pfl. Oat-Afr. C. 345. Stem tetragonous, pubescent, branched. Leaves sessile^ lanceolate, the lower 4-5 in. long, 1-1 J in. broad, the upper shorter, narrower, amplexicanl, very acuminate, serrate, pubescent on both surfaces. Spikes oblong ; bracts linear, refiexed, villous. Calyx campanulate ; teeth longer than the tube, villous at the base. Corolla large, blue. Mozamb. Dlst. Germ »n East Atricu : Masai Highlands, Fischer, 510. EhsI sliDFu ot the V^ictoria Nyanza, Fischer, 499 ; in forest on the banks of the Ugalla River,- Bohm, 117. 12. P. affinis, Gurke in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 345. Stem tetiagonous, pubescent, branched. Leav^es sessile, lanceolate, 6—8 in. long, narrowed to the base, very acuminate, serrate, pubescent on both .surfaces. Spike oblong ; bracts lanceolate, erect, villous. Calyx villous ; teeth longer than the tube. Corolla large. Mozamb. Slat. German East Africa : Mwanza, on the Victoria Nyanzit, Stuhlmann, 4693. 13. P. sphserocephala. Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1808, 162. An erect perennial herb, with slender branched pubescent stems. Leaves few, (li.Ntant, subsessile, lanceolate, J-1 in. long, slightly toothed in the upper half, thick, subcoriaceous, pubescent on both surfaces. Heads small, globose ; bracts small, linear, rigid. Calyx-tube campanulate, pubescent, \ in. long ; teeth linear-subulate, rigid, as long as the tube. Corolla not seen. Mozamb. Sist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; N,>ika Plateau, 6000- 7000 ft., Whyte, 139 ! 14. P. reticulata, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 83. A perennial herb, with erect simple or branched obscurely pubescent stems 2-3 ft. long. Leaves sessile, oblong or oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, firm in texture, crenate, strongly veined and slightly pubescent beneath, the lower 3-4 in. long, the upper growing gradually shorter. Spikes very dense, 1-2 in. long, |-1 in. diam. exclusive of the corollas. Calyx-teeth finally J in. long, thrice as long as the tube. Corolla hairy outside ; lower lip \ in. long. Stamens not exserted. — Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 138. irile land. British East Africa : Unyor>); in moist dips of the gromul in the Ukidi country, Speke Sf Qra.d ! Mozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Tanganyika Plateau, Carson ! 15 P. decussata. Baker. A perennial herb, with quadrangular finely pubescent stems. Leaves decussate in sessile pairs, ascending, oblong-lanceolate, acute, 2 in. long, narrowed to the base, obscurely crenate, rigidly coriaceous, obscurely pubescent above, more pubescent with strongly raised veins beneath. Spikes very dense, oblong, single, terminal, lj--2 in. long; flowers all deflexed. Calyx-tube small, cam- Pycnostachys.'] cii. labiate (baker). 383 panulate, densely pilose; teeth subulate, rigid, pilose, Jl-V in. long. Corolla not seen. Nile Xiand. British East Africa : Kavirondo, in marsh v phices, Scolt-Klliut, 7155 ! 16. P. Petherickii, Baker. A perennial, with obscurely pubescent square stems. Leaves sessile, erecto-patent, oblong-lanceolate, firm in texture, strongly ribbed beneath, crenate in the upper half, entire, in the lower half, 3-4 in. long, 1-1 J in. broad at the middle, glabrous on both surfaces, copiously gland-dotted beneath. 8pike very dense, finally 3-4 in. long, IJ in. diam. exclusive of the corollas. Calyx-teeth subulate, finally ^ in. long, three times the length of the cam panulate tube. Corolla pubescent on the outside. Xlle Iiand. White Nile, Petherick ! 17. P. niamniaxnensJis, Gierke in Enyl. Jakrb. xxii. 145. Stem erect, pubescent. Leaves sessile or very shortly petioled, oblong- lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, about 1 in. broad, acute, narrowed to the base, sharply serrate, coriaceous, pubescent on both surfaces, with scattered red glands ; veins raised beneath. Spikes oblong ; bracts linear, pubes- cent, ^-^ in. long. Calyx pubescent, ^-^ in. long; teeth erect, four times the length of the campanulate tube. M'lle Xiand. Niamniam : in swampy lowlands east of the River Huuh (Hoc), Schweinfurth, 3750a. 18. P. Whytei, Baker. An erect perennial herb, with branched finely pubescent dark brown stems. Leaves subsessile, oblong or oblong- lanceolate, 2-4 in. long, acute, crenate, moderately firm, green and slightly pubescent above, more densely pubescent beneath. Heads oblong, 1\ in. diam. Calyx-tube campanulate, pubescent, ^ in. long ; teeth subulate, rigid, pungent, glabrous, finally twice as long {is the tube. Corolla half as long again as the calyx. Stamens not exserted beyond the corolla-lips. AfEozamb. Blst. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Tanganyika Plateau at Fort Hill, 3500-4000 ft., Whyte ! 19. P. xxepetaefolia. Baker. A perennial herb, with quadrangular sulcate densely pubescent stems. Leaves sessile, ovate, 1-H in. long, acute, rounded at the base, firm, obscurely pubescent above, densely pubescent with raised veins beneath. Spikes many, panicled, short, dense, conical ; bracts large, lanceolate. Calyx-tube small, campanu- late ; teeth rigid, subulate, \-\ in. long. Corolla bright violet. Nile loand. British East Africa: Kavirondo ; in open grHS>y places on tl.c N'andi Ranire, 7000-8000 ft., ScoH-ElUot, «47l ! 20. P. verticillata. Baker in Kew Bulletin, 181);'), 71. Stem her- baceous, branched, pubescent, 2-3 ft. long. Leaver shortly petioled, verticillate, unequal, linear or lanceolate. (i-O lin. long, 1-4 lin. broad, dentate, pubescent and green on both surfaces. Kacemes dense, cylin- 384 cii. LABIATE (baker). [Pycuostachys. drical, \ in. diam. ; bracts small, ovate. Calyx pilose ; tube very short; teeth very rigid, linear, j-1 lin. long. Corolla \ in. long ; tube rather longer than the calyx; lips small. Stamens shorter than the corolla. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa : Urungu ; Fwambo, 5000-6000 ft., Carson, 38 I 21. P. Volkensii, Garke in EngL Pji. Osi-Afr. C. ;^4-i. Stem branched, tetragonous, pubescent. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong- lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed to the base, serrate, pubescent on both sides. Flowers sessile, many in a spike. Calyx campanulate; teeth very rigid, J in. long, refiexed, rather longer than the tube. Corolla violet. — Giiike in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 144. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Cameroon Mountain, 6000-10,000 ft., Matm, 1222 ! 1960 ! Johnston^ 37 ! Freuss, 688. Fernando Po : Clarence Peak, 9000 ft., Mann, 2g0 ! irile Iband. British East Africa : Western slope of Ruwenzori, 5000-6000 ft., Sfuhlmann, 2300. Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Usambara ; Mlalo, Hoist, 3707, 3812 ; Kilimanjaro, Maweuzi Peak, 6600 ft., Volkens, 823. Ukami ; Uluguru, 6000 ft., Stuhlmann, 9225. 22. P. Hanningtonii, Baker. Branchlets slender, square, grla- brous. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong, acuminate, membranous, obscurely pubescent, slightly crenate, cuneate at the base, the upper 2-3 in. long. Flower-spike very dense, conical, J in. diam., exclusive of the corollas. Calyx-teeth very slender, J in. long in the flowering stage. Corolla with a large deflexed funnel-shaped throat, a small quadrate reflexed upper lip and a deeply concave lower lip, J in. long. Stamens i-ather shorter than the lower lip. nXozamb. Slat. German East Africa : Forests of Ugogo, Hannington I 23. P. Meyeri, Gierke in Engl. Hochgehirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 362. Stem branched, tetragonous, quite glabrous. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong, acuminate, serrate, 3-4 in. long, quite glabrous on both sides, narrowed to the base. Spike 1J-2J in. long. Flower-calyx sessile; tube campanulate, \ lin. long ; teeth 3-4 times the length of the tube. Fruit-calyx curved, \ in. long ; teeth as long as the tube. Corolla half as long again as the flower-calyx. Mozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, 6000-7000 ft., Meyer, Volkens, 1293 ! 24. P. ruwenzoriensis, Baker. A perennial herb, with strongly quadrangular pilose branches. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, 2-3 in. long, acute or acuminate, deeply crenate, moderately firm, densely pubescent on both surfaces. Raceme solitary, very dense, terminal, oblong-cylindrical. Calyx-tube small, campanulate, densely pilose ; teeth subulate, rigid, jV in. long. Corolla J-J in. long ; tube much Pycnostachf/s.] cii. lab[at.+: (uakeii). :)h:} longer than the calyx, fleflexed at the middle; lower lip rouiid-navicu- lar, ^ in. long. Stamens reaching to the tip of the lower lip. Wile Iiand. British Flast Africa : Hnwenzori. on 24 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 3G3 partly; Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 144. srile Iiand. Abyssinia : on the banks of streams near (londa, Svhinipir, 1351 ! 2ij. P. Goetzenii, Giirke in Gdt-^eii, Durch Afriha von Ost mic/i West, Sonderahdr. S. A shrub. Branches tetragonous, pubescent. Leaves distinctly petioled, lanceolate, 4-4^ in. long, I^ in. broad at the middle, acuminate, narrowed to the base, crenate, glabrous on botli surfaces. Spikes dense, cylindrical, 2-3 in. long; bracts linear-lanceo- late, ciliate, \ in. long. Calyx-tube globose, pubescent ; teeth su})erect, \-\ in. long, 2-3 times the length of the tube. Corolla small. Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Kirunga ^'ol^ano, north of Luke Kivu, in forest, 7500-8000 ft., Gotzen, 98. 27. P. Exniniy Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 145. A shrub, with pubescent branches. Leaves distinctly petioled, oblong-lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, 1-lJ in. broad, acuminate, narrowed to the base, deeply crenate. pubescent above, deeply canescent below. Spikes ovoid-cylindrical ; bracts linear, shorter than the calyx. Calyx-tube tubuloso-campanu- late, pubescent, \-\ in. long; teeth as long as the tube; intermediate appendages membranous, ovate. South Central. Congo Free State : West Mpororo; Kayonza, 45(H)-52(XJ (t.. yStuhlmann, 3070. Mozamb. Slst. German East Africa : Karagwc ; BukoXa, Stuhlmauu, 3731. Kanesse, west ot the Victoria Nyanza, Stuhlmann, 943. 28. P. oblongifolia, Baker. An undei-shrub, with strongly quadrangular green glabrous branches. Leaves distinctly petioled, oblong, 4-(*> in. long, 2-3 in. broad at the middle, acute, narrowed to the base, deeply crenate, membranous, green and glabrous on both sur- faces. Spike short, very dense, panicled. Calyx-tul)e campanulate; teeth subulate, rigid, pilose, J -J in. long. Corolla longer than the calyx ; tube abruptly detiexed at the middle ; lower lipoblong-navicular. ^ in. long. Stamens included. Nile I.and. British East Africa : Torn district ; in Wmii \'alley. .SVo//-.F//io/.7HH3 \ Mozamb. Bist. British Central Africa : Xyasahma : M.iMika Plateau. r,5(X>- 7000 ft., JVhyte ! Nortl> Nyasa, Whide ! '380 cii. LABIATE (baker). [Pycnostockys . 29. P. orthodonta, Garke in Engl. PJf. Ost-Afr. C. 345. Stem tetragonous, glabrous. Leaves with a very long petiole, ovate-lanceolate, conspicuously acuminate, narrowed to the base, deeply crenate, mem- branous, quite glabrous on both surfaces. Spikes very long. Calyx- tube campanulate ; teeth longer than the tube, straight, not reflexed. IVXozamb. I>lst. Portuguese East Africa: Gorongoza ; near Gouveia, Carvalho. oO. P. pubescens, Gilrke in Engl. Pji. Ost-Afr. C. 345. Stem branched, tetragonous, pubescent. Leaves with a long petiole, ovate- lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, acuminate, narrowed to the base, inciso-crenate, pubescent on both sides, more densely beneath. Spike elliptical ; flowers sessile. Calyx globose, pubescent ; teeth IJ— 2 times the length of the tube, pubescent upwards. nZozamb. Blst. Portuguese East Africa : Gorongoza district, Ca7-caJho. British Central Africa : Nyasaland, Buchanan. 31. P. leptophylla. Baker in Kevi Bulletin^ 1898, 161. Stems long, erect, branched, square, obscurely pubescent. Leaves distinctl}; petioled, ovate, acute, membranous, scabrous, the lower 2 in. long; base entire, broadly cuneate. Spikes dense, 1-2 in. long. Calyx-tube campanulate, \ in. long ; teeth subulate, scabrous, half as long again as the tube. Corolla blue, \ in. long ; lower lip concave, unguiculate, \ in. long ; upper lip small. Stamens not exserted. IUXozamb. Blst. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Kondowe to Kaionga, 2006-6000 ft., Whyte ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 873! 32. P. Batesii, Baker. An undershrub 8 ft. high, with slender (quadrangular branches. Leaves long-petioled, cordate-ovate, 2-3 in. long, acute, crenate, membranous, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Spike terminal, very dense, 1 in. long. Calyx-tube campanulate, hairy ; teeth lanceolate -subulate, rigid, erecto-patent, J in. long. Corolla purple; lower lip oblong-navicular, J in. long. Stamens included. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Efulen, in wet places. Bates, 372 ! 33. P. cyanea, Giirke in Engl. Pji. Ost-Ajr. C. 345. Stem branched, tetragonous, glabrous. Leaves with a long petiole, ovate, very acuminate, narrowed to the base, irregularly and deeply crenate, membranous, glabrous except on the ribs and margins. Spikes many- flowered. Calyx pubescent; tube campanulate, 10-nerved; teeth obli(|uely erect or slightly reflexed. Corolla blue. Mozamb. Dist. (iernian East Africa : Usagara ; Tubugwe, Stuhlmann, 213. British Central Africa: Nyasaland, Buchanan. 34. P. urticifolia, llouk. in Bot. Jfag. t. 5366. A much-branched perennial herb, 5-7 ft. high, with pubescent branchlets. Leaves long- petioled, ovate, acute, deeply inciso-crenate, densely pubescent, the lower 3-4 in. long. Spikes very dense, Anally 2-3 in. long, l^y in. 7, ;i2i). Calyx campanulate or tubular, finally circumscissile above the base ; upper lip 3-toothed; lower longer, 2-toothed. Corolla-tube more or less exserted from the calyx, slightly curved ; throat oblique ; upper lip erect ; lower longer, concave. Stamens 4, didynamous, exserted ; filaments free, naked ; anther-cells confluent. Disk produced on the lower side of the ovary into a tongue-shaped process. Style bitid at the apex. Nucules ovoid, smooth. — Habit of ^Eolanthus, from which it differs by its alternate leaves. Endemic. Corolla-tube hardly enlarged upwards ; lower lip of corolla shallowly saccate . . . 1. /. paradoxum. Corolla-tube inflated upwards ; lower lip of corolla deeply saccate. Subacaulescent, with large lower leaves and few small cauline leaves . . . 2. /. suhacatde. Stem with many cauline leaves. Spike simple . . . . . . . 3. /. lineare. Spike branched \. I. salicifolium. 1. I. paradoxum, Hua in Bull. Mm. Hist. Xat. Par. 1897, ;5l^!). Rootstock a large oblong tuber. Stem slender, erect, simple, 4-0 in. long. Leaves alternate, sessile, linear, erecto-patent, entire, under 1 in. long. Spikes short, dense, forming a small terminal panicle ; bracts larger, linear. Calyx campanulate, pubescent ; teeth minute. Corolla- tube cylindrical, pubescent, 4-5 times the length of the calyx ; lips small, the lower linear, shallowly saccate. Stamens nearly as long jls the lower lip. upper Guinea. French Soudan: Fouta-Jallon ; near Timbo, Mi<]uel, 13. Described from a sketch kindly sent by M. Hua. 2. I. subacaule, Burkill in Jo^irn. Linn. Soc. xxxiv. 1^71, 1, ^^fuis. S) and 6. A tufted perennial, with stems 5-6 in. long. RAtlirnl leaven many, sessile, oblong, obtuse, ;>-4 in. long, narrowed gradually to tiie base, entire, green and glabrous on both surfaces; stem-leaves f»'W. small, bract-like. Flowers in a simple moderately den.se spike ; bracts linear, persistent, foliaceous. Calyx campanulate, \ lin. long; throat 388 cii. LABiAT.E (baker). [Icomum. truncate. Corolla pubescent, \ in. long ; tube dilated in the upper half; upper lip small, recurved ; lower small, oblong, concave. Stamens included. — Plectranthus ? siibacaulis, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 73. Mozaxnb. Dist. British Central Africa : Urungu ; Fwambo, south of Lake Tanganyika, Carson, 33 ! 65 ! 3. I. \\ne?ireyBurkillin Joitrn.Linn.Soc. xxxiv. 270, <. Q,Jigs. 3 and 4. Perennial. Stem slender, erect, wiry, pubescent, G-8 in.long, leafy from near the base to the apex. Leaves alternate, sessile, narrowly linear with slightly revolute edges, moderately firm, entire, glabrous, J- J in. long. Spike short, simple, terminal, moderately dense ; bracts like reduced leaves. Calyx campanulate, J lin. long, densely pubescent, truncate. Corolla J in. long ; tube longer than the lips, curved, dilated in the upper half ; upper lip small, erect ; lower larger, deeply concave. Stamens nearly as long as the upper lip; anthers globose, very small. lUIozamb. Blst.' British Central Africa : North Nyasaland, near Fort Young, Nicholson I 4. I. salicifolium, Burkill in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxiv. 270, t. 6, figs. 1 and 2. A perennial herb. Stems short, slender, decumbent, terete, densely pubescent. Leaves sessile, linear, 1-lJ in. long, entire, subcoriaceous, glabrous oi- slightly pubescent. Spikes dense, 1-3 in. long, forming a dense terminal panicle ; bracts linear, as long as the calyx. Calyx pubescent, cylindrical, J in. long; lips very short. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx ; lips small ; upper oblong ; lower orbicular. Stamens included in the lower lip. —jEolanihus salicifoliuSy Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 161. Mozaxnl). Dlst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Nyika Plateau, 6000— 7000 ft., Whyte, 107 ! 12. -5IOLANTHUS, Mart.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii. 1176. Calyx very small, campanulate, truncate at the throat or obscurely bilabiate, finally circumscissile near the base. Corolla-tube much longer than the calyx, subcylijidrical or narrowly funnel-shaped ; limb bi- labiate ; upper lip rather shorter, 4-lobed ; lower rather longer, oblong or obovate, not deeply concave. Stamens 4, didynamous, declinate ; filaments free; anther-cells confluent. Disk glandular. Style shortly bifid. Nucules compressed, smooth. — Annual or perennial herbs or small shrubs. Leaves various in shape and texture, sessile or petioled. Cymes panicled, condensed or elongated ; bracts persistent, small or larger, foliaceous, imbricate. Corolla small, lilac. Four additional species at the Cape, and one of which the native country is not known. Cryptanthi. — Cymes not capitate. Bracts large, almost hiding the flowers. Leaves sessile. Annuals. Leaves linear, entire. Bracts i in. long ...... 1. JE. ambvstus.. ^olanthus. CJI. LABIAT/I-: (baker). \>^\) Bracts \ in. long Leaves lanceolate or oblong, pinnatitid Leaves lanceolate, entire Perennials. Leaves entire .... Leaves deeply lobed Leaves shortly petioled. Leaves oblong-lanceolate . Leaves ovate-lanceolate . Leaves ovate-oblong Annual ..... Perennial ..... Leaves suborbicular Leaves distinctly petioled. Leaves rhomboid-oblong . J^ieaves ovate-oblong Leaves ovate. Bracts lanceolate liracts oblong-lanceolate Bracts ovate-lanceolate Bracts broadly ovate Leaves obovate-spathulate -Cymes not capitate. Bracts minute ^•■"'Phanerantui Annuals. Leaves sessile .... Leaves petioled. Branches of panicle simple, long Branches of panicle compound. Leaves entire or obscurely toothed Leaves deeply toothed . Perennials. Leaves sessile or subsessile. Calyx very small, truncate. Bracts lanceolate Bracts oblong Calyx ^-^ in. long. Bracts lanceolate . Bracts oblong Calyx \ in. long Leaves distinctly petioled. Leaves oblong. Calyx very small . Calyx 7V— tV in- long. Bracts linear . Bracts lanceolate or oblong Bracts ovate Bracts obovate Leaves broadly ovate ''•■ ••Cephal.eolantiius. — Cymes congested into globose or oblong heads. Leaves lanceolate, subacute . . . . . Leaves oblanceolatc, obtuse. Calyx tubular ....... 2. .E. 3. .E. 4. .E. 5. .E. (y. .E. 7. .E. 8. yE. 9. yE. 10. .E. 11. yE. 12. ^. 13. yE. . inrgafus. pinnatijidus. priUicitziauvs ahyssinicus. StuhlnMnni Hoistii. ukamerusis. rirularix. Candelabrum. nyikensi.s. cuneifoliu^. buchnerianus. 14. uE. fruticostis. 15. ^. elsholtzioides. 16. uE. panganensis. 17. ^. NjasscE. 18. yE. Stormsii. 19. ^E. heliolropioidcs. 20. ^. elonga^us. 21. ^E. pubescens. 22. J?. Cameronii. 23. yE. fuberosus. 24. yE. repens. 25. uE. serpiculoides. 26. ^E. sedoides. 27. -£". nodosus. 28. JS. Medusa. 29. jE. mi/rianfhus. 30. yE". irehvifsrhi, 31. ^. Buettneri. 32. uE. pefa.tatus. 33. ^E. zanzibarirun 34. ^E. Enqleri. 30. .£". Puygti. 390 cii. LABIATE (baker). [^E ola7ithns , Calyx caitjpanulate. Leaves sessile. Stems woody 36. ^. crypt anihus. Stems tiot woody 37. J5^. con glome ratns. Leaves petioled 38. ^.fiorilmndus. Leaves obovate . 39. jE. ohtusifolius. 1 . 2R. ambustus^ Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 138, t. loi\,fig. B. An erect much-branched annual, with stems a foot long and slender pubescent branchlets. Leaves sessile, ascending, thick, linear, 1-1 J in. long, glabrous on both surfaces, with rather revolute edges. Spikes numerous, slender, elongated, erect ; bracts oblong-lanceolate, ascending, imbricate, foliaceous, ^r in. long. Calyx 1 lin. long, shortly 2-lobed. Corolla ;! in. long ; tube narrowly funnel-shaped ; lower lip oblong, as long as the tube; upper shorter, cuneate. Stamens as long as the lower lip. — Burkill & Wright in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxiv. 271. Wile Iiand. British East Africa : Madi, growing on rocks. Grant ! '2. JE. virgatuSy Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xxii. 1-lG. A much- branched erect annual, with stems 1-1 J ft. long and pubescent branch- lets. Leaves sessile, linear, ascending, entire, glabrous, 1-2 in. long. Spikes slender, elongated ; bracts oblong-lanceolate, ascending, imbricate, \ in. long. Calyx 1 lin. long, obscurely lobed. Corolla ^— J in. long; lower lip oblong, shorter than the tube ; upper half as long as the lower. Stamens longer than the lower lip. — Burkill & Wright in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxiv. 272, figs. 5 and G. mile Ziand. British p]ast Africa : Bongo : at Uurfala, SchweinfurtTi, 2225 ! Perhaps only a variety of jE. amhustm. '^. JB. pinnatifidus, Hochst. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 80. An annual, with slender erect glabrous simple or branched stems 4-8 in. long. Leaves sessile, membranous, lanceolate or oblong, entire or cre- nate or deeply pinnatifid. Panicle small ; spikes short, the side ones shortly peduncled ; bracts oblong, foliaceous, imbricate, \ in. long. Calyx short, campanulate. Corolla | in. long ; lower lip obovate, longer than the tube. Stamens as long as the lower lip. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 186 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 362. 17ile Zianda Abyssinia : on mountains in the province of Sana, Schimper, 1604 ! province of Shire, Quart in- Billon (ex Richard) ; Tigre ; Mettgalo Mountain, Schimper, 62 (ex Engler) ; and without precise locality. Petit ! 4. HI, prittwitziaxms, Giirke in Gotzen, Durch Afrika von Ost nach West, ^'Sonderabdr. 8. Stem pubescent. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, ^-| in. long, obtuse, entire, fleshy, pubescent on both surfaces. Cymes spicate ; flowers sessile ; bracts broadly ovate, obiuse, densely pubes- cent, -J in. long. Calyx subcampanulate, subvillous, .^ in. long; throat truncate. Corolla subvillous. Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Kirunga Volcano, north of Lake Kivu, 650U ft., Ootzen, 14. J^olanthus.'] cii. labiat.*: (haker). 391 5. JE. abyssinicus, lfocliHt.\ Benth. in DC Prod. xii. HO. A perennial, with long thick fusiform roots and short tufted slender glabrous stems ascending from a decumbent base. J^eaves lanceolate, sessile, glabrous, moderately firm, 1-U in. long, entire or obscurely serrate. Panicle small, lax; lower branch-bracts foliaceous ; spikes short; lateral shortly peduncled ; liower-bracts oblong, foliaceous, J in. long. Calyx J in. long, obscurely lobed. Corolla J-.\ in. long ; lower lip orbicular, as long as the tube. Stamens as long as the lower lip. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 185 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. :^(;2. wile Iiand. Abyssinia :' Mount 8hoata, 7000-8000 ft., tSchimper, 1355! and witliout precise iocaliu, Schimper, 562 I (*». JEi, Stuhlmannii, Gilrke in Engl. Pji. Ost-AJr. ('. :\\:k A much-branched undershrub, with glabrous stem and branchlets. Leaves sessile, quite glabrous, rather fleshy ; lower bipinnatifid, with linear- lanceolate lobes ; upper simply pinnatifid or linear-lanceolate, entire. Cymes foiming a terminal spike ; flowers sessile ; bracts round or broadly ovate, subvillous, rather longer than the calyx, deciduous. Calyx campanulate, circumscissile below the middle, truncate, sub- villous outside in the upper part. Corolla-tube narrow ; upper lip nearly entire ; lower with 4 round lobes. Stamens and style exserted. XVIozamb. Slst. German East Africa : in the region south of the Victoria Nyanza at Mwanza and in the Usiha district, Stuhlmann, 4204, 4658. 7. JG, Holstii, Gilrke in Enyl. Jahrh. xix. 221. Stem branched, pubescent, 8-1) in. long. Lower leaves shortly petioled, upper subsessile, all oblong or oblong-lanceolate, under 1 in. long, obscurely and irregu- larly toothed, narrowed to the base, sparsely pubescent above, dotted with black glands beneath. Bracts lanceolate, sessile, subacute, pilose, |-^ in. long; flowers sessile. Calyx cylindrical, pubescent, -j^-J in. long ; upper tooth deltoid ; lateral lanceolate-deltoid ; lower round- ovate, connate. Corolla J- J in. long; tube broad, deflexed at the base; upper lip 4- toothed, lower cymbiform. Mozaznb. Blst. German East Africa : Usambara : ner.r Mhilo, i/c'-v^ 421 . 8. iE. ukamensis, Gilrke in Enyl. Jahrh. xxii. 147. Stem and branches pubescent or subglabrous. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate- lanceolate, \\ in. long, entire or obscurely crenate, rather fleshy, pul)es- cent on both' surfaces. Cymes lax ; branches long, flexuosp, pubescent, often curved at the tip ; flowers remote, sessile ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acute, pubescent. Fruit-calyx J- J in. long, longer than the bract, tubular, curved, pubescent, truncate. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Ukame ; Gwale, 6000 ft., .S7i//*/mhortly petioled. 392 cii. LAKiAT.E (baker). [yEolanthus. Flowers in panicled divaricate spikes; bracts up to 1 in. long, usually smaller. Calyx very small, subtruncate at the mouth. Corolla violet, ^ in. long ; lower lip deeply 8-lobed. IbOTirer Guinea. Angola : Pungo Andongo, on gneiss rocks by the streams of the PrgDsidinm, Welwifsch, 1630, 5591. 10. IG. Candelabmxn, Briquet in Enyl. Jahrh. xix. 18G. An undershrub, with thinly pubescent young branches. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate-oblong, Ij in. long, 1 in. broad, obtuse, cuneate at the base, subentire, irregularly sinuate, fleshy, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Inflorescence candelabriform ; cymes with a long peduncle, usually trifid at the apex ; flowers crowded, sessile ; bracts oblong- lanceolate, persistent, \-\ in. long. Flower-calyx | in. long, almost truncate. Corolla protruding \-\ in. from the throat of the calyx ; lower lip \ in. long. Stamens exserted. &ower Guinea. Angola : province of Pungo Andongo, Mechoic, 14fi. 11. .SS. nyikensiS) Baker in Kew Bulletin, 181)8, IGO. An erect undershrub. Branchlets slender, ascending, pubescent. Leaves shortly petioled, suborbicular, 1-1^ in. long, membranous, deeply inciso-crenate, cuneate and entire at the base, green and pubescent on both surfaces. Spikes short, dense, forming a lax terminal panicle ; bracts ovate, acute, \-\ in. long, membranous, pubescent. Calyx very short ; lips ovate. Corolla I in. long; tube cylindrical, much longer than the calyx; lips small. Stamens as long as the corolla. XMCozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Xyasaland ; Xyika Plateau, 6000- 7000 ft., Whyfe, 119! 12. .ffi, cuneifolius, Bciker. A shrub, with thick straight woody glabrous stems. Leaves long-petioled, oblong or rhomboid, crenate in the upper half, thick, rather fl.eshy, glabrous. Panicle moderately large ; branches short, erecto-patent, simple, the lower arising from full-sized leaves ; spikes short, oblong ; bracts ovate, acute, imbricate, foliaceous, \ in. long. Calyx campanulate, ^V in. long. Corolla \ in. long ; tube very slender ; lower lip rather shorter than the tube. Iio-wer Guinea. Angola: province of Huilla, Welwxtsch,h\%0\ lo. JE. buchnerianus, Briquet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 187. A branched undershrub ; branches terete, minutely pubescent when young. Leaves petioled, ovate-oblong, 1-1^- in. long, |-j in. broad, cuspidate, rounded or narrowed to the base, irregularly crenate, fleshy, pubescent on both surfaces. Inflorescence very compound, C-8 in. long ; cymes elongated, above 1 in. long ; flowers sessile ; bracts ovate, pilose, coloured, much imbricate, yV to \ in. long. Flower-calyx pilose, campanulate, bilabiate, \ in. long. Corolla protruded \ in. from the throat of the calyx; lower lip \-\ in. long. Stamens much exserted. Sontli Central. Congo Free State : rocks of the Bango, in savannah, Buchner, 571. jEolanthiiAi.^ cii. labiate (baker). 393 14. JE. fruticosuSy Giirke in Enyl. Pfl. Osl-Aj'r. C oiO. An undershrub, with glabrous branched steins. Leaves distinctly petiolcd, ovate, IJ-^ in. long, acute, narrowed to the base, membranous, obso- letely crenate, glabrous on both surfaces. Flowers sessile ; bracts lan- ceolate, acute, pubescent. Calyx truncate, accrescent, circumsciijsile. BSozamb. Dlst. German East Africa: (ionda, Bohm, 1080a. 15. .ffi. elsholtzioides. Briquet in Enyl. Jahrh. xix. 1H7. Annual. Stems much-branched, from a decumbent base, densely pubescent upwards. Leaves long-petioled, broadly ovate, thin, glabrous, fleshy, inciso-crenate, 1-2 in. long. Panicle small; end spikes oblong, 1-1 J in. long; lateral spikes shorter, on short ascending peduncles; bracts oblong-lanceolate, imbricate, acute, foliaceous, pubescent, \-\ in. long. Calyx campanulate, obscurely bilabiate, ^ in. long. Corolla J in. long ; lower lip oblong, as long as the tube. Stamens as long as the lower lip. XiOwer Guinea. Angola: province of Huilla, li'eliri/sch, TAlHl 5479! 16. JG. panganensis, Giirke in Engl. Pfi. Ost-Afr. (\ o4«;. Stem herbaceous, pubescent upwards. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, 1-1 A in. long, obtuse, narrowed to the base, thin, rather fleshy, irregularly crenate, pubescent on the prominent ribs on both suifaces, glabrous between the ribs. Inflorescence branched ; branches erect ; bracts ovate-lanceolai e, sessile. Calyx pilose, truncate or nearly so, accrescent , circumscissile. Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Usambara ; Pangani, Siuhlmann,\12. 17. ^. Njassse, Giirke in Engl. Pfi. Ost-Afr. C. o46. Stems shrubby, glabrous. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, 1-H in. long, acute, cuneate at the base, crenate, glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes short, forming an ample panicle ; flowers sessile ; bracts broadly ovate, cuspidate, ~ in. long, tinged with purple. Calyx tubular, rather pilose, \ in. long, obscurely lobed, circumscissile above the persistent base. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Mozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Haranisalc, yichohon .' Plateau of Mount Zomba, 5000-6000 ft., W/tt/fe ! and without jirecise locality, Buchanan, 524 ! 529 ! 18. -ffi. Stormsiiy Giirke in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. Si>(>. Stem and branches pubescent. Leaves petioled, obovate-spathulate, 2 in. long, obtuse, narrowed to the base, irregularly serrate, flei^hy, pubescent on both surfaces. Bracts lanceolate, as long as the calyx ; flowei-s sessile. Calyx globose, pubescent, truncate, obliquely circumscissile; persistent base oblong. Corolla unknown. Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Karema, on Lake Tanganyika, Storms. 13. 10. JB. heliotropioides, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x.xix. L57, t. 82. An annual, with much-branched robust stems 2 ft. long and 394 cii. LABIATE (baker). \^JLolanthvs. slender pubescent branchlets. Leaves sessile, thin, subglabrous, oblong or linear-oblong, obtuse, entire or obscurely crenate, the lower 2 in. long. Panicles lax, moderately large; branches very compound; final spikes slender, subsecund, 1-2 in. long; bracts very small. Calyx very small, truncate, pubescent. Corolla pubescent, ^ in. long ; lower lip orbicular, concave, not longer than the upper. Stamens as long as the lower lip. Xrile Z>and. British East Africa : Unyoro ; in forests, growing by surface rocks, Speke ^ GranI ! Kavirondo, in dry places, Scott-Elliot, 7117 ! 20. JR. elongatus, Briquet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 188. An annual, with an erect slender simple finely pubescent stem 1 ft. long, from a decumbent base. Leaves distinctly petioled, small, oblong, obtuse, slightly pubescent, entire or obscurely crenate. Panicle small ; branches simple; spikes lax, 1-1| in. long; bracts lanceolate, minute. Calyx campanulate, -f^ in. long, obscurely bilabiate. Corolla \ in. long ;. lower lip oblong, concave, as long as the tube ; upper shorter. Stamens not longer than the lower lip. Zio^irer Guinea. Angola : provinces of Huilla and Pungo Andongo, Weltvitsch, 5592 ! 5597, 5598 I 21. iE. pubescens, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 80. An annual, with branched erect slender stems, 2—3 ft. long, pubescent upwards. Leaves petioled, thin, slightly pubescent, oblong or lanceolate, entire or obscurely crenate, 1-2 in. long. Panicle large, very lax ; branches erecto-patent, compound ; spikes slender, at most 1-1 J in. long ; bracts minute. Calyx yV in. long, obscurely bilabiate, pubescent. Corolla bright blue, -J— J in. long; lower lip oblong, concave, nearly as long as the slender tube, pubescent outside. Stamens not protruded beyond the lower lip. — Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 489. Upper Guinea. Lagos : Abeokuta, Irvingy 112 ! Niger Territory : near the River Quorra (Niger) at .Jeba, Sorter ! Lower Niger; Mount Patteh, Vogel, 174! 22. .ffi. Cameronii, Burkill in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxiv. 278. Annual. Stems tall, erect, fragile, red-brown, nearly glabrous. Leaves shortly petioled, distant, opposite, oblong, 1 in. long, acute, deeply toothed, entire and cuneate at the base, green and nearly glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes spicate, scorpioid, peduncled, forming a very lax ample panicle ; bracts lanceolate, small. Calyx i in. long, tubular, slightly pubescent; teeth minute, deltoid. Corolla lilac; tube rather longer than the calyx, abruptly deflexed ; lips equal, i in. long, the lower deeply saccate. Stamens included. IVIozaml). Dlst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Namasi, Cameron, 18 t 2o. JEL. tuberosus, Jliern, Cat. Afr. PL Wehc. i. 8(1'.). A peren- nial, with a slender erect square glabrous stem from a decumbent base, which .sends out roots from its nodes. Leaves oblanceolate, firm, sessile, subentire, the lowest 1 in. long, the upper grov;ing gradually smaller. Panicle small, with few distant erecto-patent very slender slightly pubes- cent branches^ spikes lax, the end one 1 in. long ; bracts small, oblong, yEolanthus.] cii. labiat.-e (haker). iV.Kf foliaceous. Calyx campanulate, not lobed, ^\, in. long. Corolla | in. long ; lower lip oblong, as long as the slender tube, w itli a pair of acute teeth at the base. Stamens not protruded beyond the lower lip. Iiower Guinea. Angola : province of Pungo Andongo, ll'elwilsch, 1628, 5595 I 24. lE^, repens, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. >Soc. xxix. 137, t. 13(;,y?y. A. A perennial herb, with many erect branches from a decumbent woody main stem ; branchlets very slender, pubescent. Leaves sessile, firm, pubescent, subentire, oblong or oblanceolate, the lowest 1 in. long. Panicle 2-6 in. long ; branches slightly compound ; spikes i-1 in. long ; rhachis and small lanceolate bracts densely pubescent. Calyx very small, pubescent, truncate. Corolla hairy, ^ in. long ; lower lip concave, shorter than the funnel-shaped tube. Stamens not longer than the lower lip. Mozamb. Sist. German East Africa : Karagwe, on rockv moist ground, Speke Sf Grants 150 ! 458 ! 25. IE, serpiculoides, Baker. A perennial, with slender decum- bent slightly pubescent stems, rooting from the lower nodes. Leaves sessile or shortly petioled, small, oblong, entire, pubescent. Panicle small ; branches very compound ; spikes very slender, at most 1 in. long ; bracts very small, lanceolate ; rhachis hollowed out opposite the flowers. Calyx yV in. long, circumscissile above the base. Corolla not seen. XMIozaml}. Dlst. Britisli Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Shire Highlands, Buchanan ! 20. IB, sedoides, Hiern, Cat. Afr. PL Weliv. i. 870. A perennial, with trailing stems and pubescent branches. Leaves small, sessile, oblong, entire, densely pubescent. Panicle small, with several forked ascending subsecund densely pubescent branches; bracts small, folia- ceous, oblong, densely pubescent. Calyx densely pubescent, ^\. in. long. Corolla-tube longer than the calyx, much dilated at the throat ; lower lip with a sharp tooth on each side at the base. — Oxyotis sedoides, Welw. herb. Iiower Guinea. Angola : province of Pungo Andongo, 2100-3800 ft., U'rl- witsch, 1629 ! 5594 ! 27. .ffi. nodosus, Hiern, Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. >^(^>^. Stem stout, woody, stiffly erect, brown, glossy, glabrous. Leaves subsessile or shortly petioled, ovate or oblong, thick, obscurely crenate, IJ in. long, subglabrous above when mature, pubescent mainly beneath on the very ascending veins. Panicle lax, very large (8-1) in. long); branches distant, very compound, erecto-patent ; spikes very lax, the largest 1-U in. long; bracts small, lanceolate. Calyx oblong, I in. long, slightly lobed. Corolla twice as long as the csxXyx.— Oxyotis nodosa, Welw. herb. X^ower Guinea. Angola : province of Pungo Andongo, 2100-3800 ft.. U'd- ivitsch, 1627 ! 5596 ! 39C cii. LABiATiE (baker). \^Ji}olanthus. 28. .SS. Medusa, Baker. Stem v/oody, straight, slender, pubes- cent. Leaves distinctly petioled, small, thick, oblong, obscurely toothed, pubescent. Panicle short, with two remote lower branches ; branches short, ascending, very compound ; spikes slender, secund, at most 1 in. long; bracts obsolete. Calyx globose, h lin. long, densely clothed with white hairs. Corolla not seen. BXozaznb. 3>l8t. Portuguese East Africa : mountains east of Lake Nyasa, Johnson ! 21). .ffi. xnyrianthus. Baker. A tall erect perennial herb, with subglabrous purple stems. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong-cuneate, 2-3 in. long, obtuse, distinctly crenate, cuneate at the base, the blade decurrent on the petiole, subcoriaceous, green and nearly glabrous on both surfaces. Inflorescence a nearly leafless lax thyrsoid panicle 1 ft. long ; cymes peduncled, very compound ; branches lax, scorpioid ; flower- bracts linear, longer than the calyx. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, ^ in. long ; teeth minute. Corolla | in. long ; tube slender, subcylin- drical ; upper lip as long as the tube. Stamens shorter than the lip. XWozamb. Slst. British Central Africa: Urungu ; Fwambo, south of Lake Tanganyika, oOOO ft., Nntt ! oO. .ffi. Welwitschii, Briquet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 188. A shrub, with woody glossy glabrous brown branches. Leaves small, petioled, oblong, acute, subentire, thick, fleshy, glabrous. Panicle short; branches few^, 2-3-furcate ; spikes very lax, at most 1 in. long; bracts small, green, lanceolate or oblong. Calyx campanulate, obscurely bilabiate, ^V in. long. Corolla J in. long; lower lip nearly as long as the tube. Stamens not longer than the lower lip. — Hiern, Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 868. Jaovrer Guinea. Angola : province of Huilla, Welwitsch, 5481 ! 5482 I 31. .ffi. Buettneri, Gilrke in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 222. Stems erect, branched, 1-1 i ft. long, perennial, glabrous or puberulous. Leaves distinctly petioled, oblong, rarely ovate, narrowed to the base, sub- obtuse, 2 in. long, under 1 in. broad, membranous, entire or obscurely crenate, glabrous on both sides. Bracts ovate, pilose, gland-dotted, yV in. long. Calyx pilose, truncate, ^ lin. long in the flowering stage, in fruit iV-yV '^^'i ^^® lower part persistent, shield-shaped. Corolla J-J in. long ; tube narrow ; upper lip 4-lobed, lower cymbiform. Upper Guinea. Togoland : near Bismarckburg, Butiner, 235, 250 ! in the Ketschenko Steppe, Biiitner, 349. 32. JE. petasatus. Briquet in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 0)2. A tall herb. Stem robust, minutely pubescent ; internodes long. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong, J- J in. long, obtuse, narrowed to the base, entire or obscurely denticulate, green, pubescent. Spikes 2-3 in. long; whorls 1 -flowered ; internodes short; bracts obovate, ^V~iV ^^- ^^^&- Calyx in flower y\ in., in fruit \ in. long ; lobes very small. Corolla ylJolanthus.] eii. LABiATiE (haker). 397 protruding \ in. from the throat of the calyx; lobes /,)-/,, in. ion". Stamens tinaily exserted. Soutb Central. Congo Free State: I'bwoire, Descump.s. ;^>3. 2G. zanzibaricuSy S. Moore in Jouru. Hot. 1H77, (Is. A much - branched undershrub, with glabrous rather fleshy stems. Leaves petioled, broadly ovate, obtuse, \-\\ in. long, broadly cuneate or subtruncate at the base, membranous, rather fleshy, glabrous, obscurely crenate. Panicle very sparse ; spikes very lax, the longest 2-3 in. long; bracts very small. Calyx subcylindrical, ^ in. lon^, circumscissile above the base. Corolla \ in. long ; lower lip oblong, as long as the tube. Stamens not protruded beyond the lower lip. — Burkill & Wright in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxiv. 273. Xrile £and. British East Africa : Kilimanjaro P]xpedition, 40-60 miles from the coast, Johnston ! Mozaxnb. Dlst. German East Africa : Usambara ; Doda, Hoist, 2957 ! Usaramo ; Bagamoyo, wooded binks of the Kingani River, Rildehrandt , 126."3 I 34. iE. Engleri, Briquet m E7igL Jahrh. xix. 18H. An under- shrub, with glabrous young branches. Leaves subsessile, lanceolate, 1 in. long, \ in. broad, subacute, narrowed to the base, entire, rather fleshy, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes forming a dense terminal spike 1- 2 in. long ; flowers sessile ; bracts crowded, oblong, coloured. Calyx \ in. long, pubescent ; mouth truncate. Corolla protruding | in. beyond the calyx ; upper lip very small ; lower much larger, concave. Stamens not exserted. — Hiern, Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 87L IiO'wer Guinea. Angola, Jfelwitsch, 5615. Malange, Mec/ioir, 153, 35. IE, Poggei, Gilrke in Engl. Jahrh. xxii. 148. A shrub, with erect glabrous branches. Leaves shortly petioled, oblanceolate-spathu- late, 3-4 in. long, J in. broad, obtuse, entire or obscurely crenate towards the tip, glabrous on both surfaces, the ribs prominent beneath. Inflorescence capitate ; bracts obovate or oblong, i-} in. long. Fruit- calyx tubular, shorter than the bract, truncate at the throat. Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Lulna River, Pogge, 342. 30. J£l, cryptanthuSy Baker. Perennial. Stems woody; finely pubescent. Leaves sessile, oblanceolate-oblong, firm, subentire, pubes- cent, 1-2 in. long. Panicle small, composed of a few dense globose or oblong spikes; bracts oblong, much imbricate, foliaceous, pubescent, \-\ in. long. Calyx campanulate, | in. long. Corolla not seen. IiO'wer Guinea. Angola, Welwit8ch,K)Q\Q\ 37. .flS. conglomeratus, Baker. A perennial herb, with stout erect virgate shortly pubescent stems 2-3 ft. long. Leaves sessile, oblanceolate, ascending, thick, pubescent, obscurely crenate, the lower 2-3 in. long. Panicle long, narrow, composed of numerous globose clusters f in. diam., the side ones on short erecto-patent peduncles; 398 cii. LABIATE (baker). [yEolauthiis. bracts in pairs, foliaceous, oblong-lanceolate, pubescent, imbricate, J in. long. Calyx campanulate, ^ in. long. Corolla J in. long; lower lip shorter than the tube. Stamens not exserted beyond the lower lip. — yEolanthus sp., Burkill & Wright in Journ. Linn.Soc. xxxiv. 272, fig. 7. Mozamb. Blst. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Shire Highlands, in marshes, Btichanan, 459 ! Fort Hill, Tanganyika plateau, 3500-4000 ft., Whyte ! 38. jHS. floribundus. Briquet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 190. An undershrub, with erect branches, clothed with grey pubescence. Leaves petioled, oblanceolate, 1 in. long, \-\ in. broad, obtuse, narrowed to the base, entire, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes subsessile, aggregated in a dense terminal raceme 5-6 in. long; bracts oblong, coloured. Calyx small, campanulate, with 5 obscure teeth. Corolla pale violet, J in. long ; tube incurved, dilated in the upper half, nearly J in. long; lower lip J in. long. Stamens not exserted. Aower Guinea. Angola ; near Moina, Btichner, 82. 39. JR. obtusifolius. Briquet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 189. An undershrub, with straight branches, clothed with short adpressed pubes- cence. Leaves shortly petioled, obovate, | in. long, \ in. broad, obtuse, narrowed to the base, entire, pubescent on both surfaces, green above, grey beneath. Cymes shortly peduncled, aggregated in a dense terminal raceme 5-6 in. long; bracts oblong, coloured, about \ in. long. Flower-calyx campanulate, ^ in. long; teeth very minute. Corolla \ in. long ; tube much exserted, incurved ; lower lip \ in. long. Stamens not exserted. ]bo^ver Crulnea. Angola ; Malange, Welwitsch [Mechoic ?), 473. Imj^erfectly knoion species. 40. JEt, ndorensis, Schweinf. in Hoh'iwl Zum Rudolph-See u. .Stephanie-See, Sonderabdr. 6. Suffruticose, with succulent pubescent branches. Leaves elliptic, sessile. Corolla pubescent outside. Stamens longer than the lower lip. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 362. lOrile Xiand. British East Africa : Ndoro, on the western slope of Mount Kenia, 6350 ft., Mohnel. 13. PLECTRANTHUS, L'Herit. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1175. Calyx slightly accrescent, usually declinate in the fruiting stage ; tube oblong or campanulate, often gibbous at the base ; teeth subequal, deltoid, or unequal, the upper ovate and reflexed, the others cuspidate. Stamens 4, didynamous, declinate ; filaments free (except in 78. P. inso- litus), filiform ; anther-cells usually confluent. Disk produced into a gland, which is sometimes longer than the ovary. Style shortly bifid. Nucules ovoid or oblong, smooth or punctate. — Annual or perennial herbs or undershrubs. Leaves very various in shape and size, petioled or sessile. Flowers solitary or in axillary more or less developed cymes, Plecira7ithiis.] CII. LABIAT.*: (baker). 399 /orming a racemose or paniculate inflorescence ; bracts usually small, foliaceous. Flowers small or medium-sized, usually lilac or blue. Stamens usually reaching to the tip of the lowerlip of the corolla. Species 80-100 or more, spread through all the wanner regions of the Old World, extending to the Cape, Madagascar, and Mauritius. *Germanea. — Upper tooth of the calyx ovate : four lower narrow, acuminate. Leaves opposite. fCymes reduced to a single flower. Bracts lanceol.ite-subulate . .1.7*. Bracts broadly ovate . . . . 2. P. Bracts minute or obsolete . . . 'S. P. ffCymes umbellate, inflorescence racemose. Leaves sessile. Annual . . . 4. P. modestuA-. Herbaceous perennials. melanocarjjus. telragonus. bijlorus. Leaves lanceolate Leaves oblong. Leaves 2-3 in. long Leaves 6-7 in. long Leaves ovate or oblong Leaves obovate-cuneate Undershrub Leaves with a short petiole. Leaves ovate. Fruit-calyx =[^o-g in. long Fruit-calyx -| in. long Leaves obovate or suborbicular. A creeping herb An erect undershrub Leaves dustinctly petioled. Leaves oblong Leaves ovate-oblong Leaves ovate. Whorls 2-3-flowered. Fruit-calyx yV in. long. Fruit-calyx I in. long. Annual . Perennial. Leaves glabrous ..... Leaves pubescent ..... Whorls 3-6-flowered. Pedicels very short ..... Pedicels \ in. long. Leaves membranous, small Leaves membranous, large Leaves moderately thick .... Pedicels long. Lower teeth of calyx deltoid Lower teeth of calyx lanceolate. Calyx clothed with long tine glandular hairs ...... Calyx clothed with rigid or robust crisped hairs ...... Whorls many -flowered. 5. P. stenophyllus. . 10. 6. P. zombensis. 7. P. Puchananii. 8. P. stachyoides. 9. P. Last a. P.Jioribiindus. 11. 12. 13. 14. P. minimus. P. ovatifolius. P. proslratus. P. Fischeri. 15. P. insignis. 16. P. miserabilis. 17. P. mandalensis. 18. P. paucijlorus. 19. 20. P. masukeiisis. P. brevipes. 21 P. nganjenms. 22, 23. 24. Hoist a. longipes. Emini. 25. P.Jiaccidus. 26. P. crenatus. 27. P. phryxotrichus. 90 CII. LABIAT.E (baker). [Plectranth^us Leaves glabrous or subglabrous. Leaves cordate at the base . . 28. F.fragilU. Leaves cuneate at the base . 29. F. sylveslriis. Leaves slightly pubescent. Calyx-tube campanulate. Racemes dense .... . 30. P. punclatus. Kaceines very Is.x . . 31. P. kamerunensis . Calyx-tube oblong .... . 32. P. Mannii. Leaves densely pubescent. Leaves membranous .... . 33. P. rupestris. Leaves tleshy . 34. P. quadridentatus. Leaves subtomentose on both surfaces . 35. P. cyaneus. Leaves orbicular. Leaves glabrous ..... . 36. P. sphcBrophyllus. Leaves slightly pubescent . 37. P. microphyllus. Leaves laxly lanate ..... . 38. P. paucicrenatus. ttt Cymes not strictly sessile and umbellate. Cymes long scorpioid . 39. P. herhaceus. Cymes corymbose. Leaves oblong . 40. P. hongensis. Leaves ovate. Calyx very small. Leaves cordate at the base . . 41. P. glandulostts. Leaves cuneate at the base . . 42. P. elegans. Calyx ^ in. long. Racemes short. Leaves crenate. Lower calyx-teeth small . 43. P. parvus. Lower calyx-teeth large . 44, P. Johnstonii. Leaves serrate ..... . 45. P. pratensis. Racemes long, lax ... . . 46. P. urticoides. Calyx ^ in. long. Leaves small. Leaves glabrous .... . 47. P. chiradzulensis- Leaves sparsely clothed with long hairs . 48. P. usamharensis. Leaves pubescent .... . 49. P. alhus. Leaves large. Leaves glabrous .... . 50. P. violaceus. Leaves sparsely clothed with adpressed hairs 51. P. hylophilm. Leaves orbicular . 52. P. orbicularis. Leaves rhomboid, deeply cut ... . 53. P. schizophyllus. ISODON. Calyx-teeth subcqual. Leaves opposite. t Cymes sessile, umbellate. Inflorescence racemose. Leaves sessile or sabsessile .... . 54. P. lycopifolius. Herbaceous perennial. Shrubs with woody branches. Calyx Jg in. long in flower. Leaves entire ..... . 55. P. moschosmoides . Leaves crenate . 56. P. cylindraceus. Calyx ^ in. long . 57. P. vvarruhioides. Calyx ^ in. long. Calyx-teeth lanceolate .... . 58. P. sanguineus. Calyx-teeth linear .... . 59. P. primulitius. Calyx ^ in. long . 60. P. densus. Plectranthus. CII. LABIAT.t: (hAKEu). 401 Leaves distinctly petioleil. Annuals ....... . (31. P. stenosiphon. Perennial liurbs. Raceme dense ..... . G2. P. hetoniccfj'olivx Raceme lax. Hairs long and bristly .... . 63. P. horrid U.S. Hairs short and soft .... . 6*. P. pubescens. Underslirub ...... . 65, P. nyikensix. ttCymes not strictly umbellate. Inflorescence more or loss paniculate. Lower lip of the corolla large. Cymes dense, shortly peduncled. Cymes 3-tlowered ..... . 66. P. trijlo'ru.s. Cymes niany-Howered .... . 67. P. inatahelensis. Cymes la.\ly corymbose. Shrub, with woody branches . 68. P. defoliatus. Herbs. Cymes 3-flowered. Fruit-calyx ^ in, long . 69. P. kondoicfitisis. Fruit-calyx ^ in. long . 70. P. Zenkeri. Cymes many-fio.vered . . , . . 71, P. Schimperi. Lower lip of corolla small. Corolla ^ in. long . , , . . . 72. P. ramosissimut. Corolla ^ in. long. Stamens shortly exserted . , . . . 73. P. hoslundioidet. Stamens not exserted .... . 74. P. Whytei. Corolbi 1 in. long ..... . 75 P. paniculatus. ***Symphostemox. Upper tooth of calyx ovate : lower triangular. Filaments shortly niiited. Leaves alternate , . . , . . . 76. P. imolitux. 1. P. melano carpus 9 Gierke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 2U1). JStems erect, branched, tetragonous, clothed with long very thick spreading hairs. Leaves unknown. Inflorescence a much-branched panicle ; flowers solitary in the axils of the lanceolate-subulate bracts ; pedicels long, glandular-pubescent, as are the calyx and axis. Fruit-calyx \-\ in. long, tubular, curved ; upper tooth orbicular, obtuse ; lateral longer, lanceolate, acuminate ; lowest longest, lanceolate-subulate, acuminate, XWIozamb. Slat. German East Africa : Masai Steppe, Fischer, ."311. 2. P. tetragonas, Giirke in Kngl. Jahrh. xix. 2(H). Stems erect, branched, tetragonous, o ft. long ; glabrescent below, clothed upwards with long very thick spreading hairs. Leaves oblong, narrowt^d into a long petiole, acute, 8-4 in long, 2 -2} in. broad, glabrous on both sides or hairy on the ribs beneath. Inflorescence a racemose panicle; flowers solitary in the axils of the round-ovate acuminate bracts ; rhachis and pedicels shortly glandular-pubescent. Fruit-calyx \ in, long; tuh« campanulate ; upper tooth round-ovate, acuminate, with slightly 4i)'2 cii. LAiiiAT.E (kaker). [Plecii'ttiUhus. decuneiit edges ; lateral as long, lanceolate-deltoid, acuminate; lower longer, lanceolate-subulate. Corolla pubescent, yellow ; tube short. Mozaml>« Dlst. (J^-rmaii East Africa : Usambara : Maslieuii, 1500-1600 ft., Jlohf, 357;i ! 8. P. biflomSy Baker. An undershrub, with square woody branchlets, clothed with firm spreading strong brown hairs. Leaves unknown, produced after the flowers. Inflorescence a racemose terminal panicle ; branches short, erecto-patent ; flowers solitary ; pedicels J. in. long, erecto-patent ; bracts minute or obsolete. Fruit-calyx i in. long ; tube cylindrical, glandular-pubescent, rather recurved ; upper tooth orbicular-cuspidate, J the length of the tube ; the others longer, lan- ceolate-cuspidate. Corolla not seen. Mozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; between Kondowe and Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., W^hyte ! Very near P. ietr'agonus, (liirke, from which it ditfers by its long calyx-tube. •4 P. modestxiSy ^a^er In Kmo Bulletin, 1895, 72. Stems slender, erect, annual, branched, pubescent, under 1 ft. long. Leaves few, sessile, lanceolate, the largest 1^-2 in. long, distinctly crenate, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Inflorescence racemose, lax, axillary ; whorls 2-8-flowered ; bracts minute ; pedicels longer than the calyx. Calyx pubescent, ^ in. long in the flowering stage ; upper tooth orbicular, the others narrow, acute. Corolla J in. long; tube twice the length of the calyx; upper lip small ; lower larger, convex. Stamens included. Mozamb. Bist. British Central Africa : Urungu : Fwainbo, Carson ! 5. P. stenophyllus, Baker. A perennial, with a slender simple erect pubescent stem 1 ft. long. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, subentire, very pubescent, ascending, '2-?> in. long, \-\ in. broad, with copious black dots. Inflorescence racemose, long, lax, terminal ; whorls o-d- flowered ; pedicels long, pubescent. Flower-calyx pubescent, | in. long : tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube ; lower small, deltoid-cuspidate. Corolla h in. long, pubescent outside ; lower lip oblong-navicular, rather shorter than the tube. Mozamb. Dist. Britisli Central Africa : Nyasaland; near Blantyre, Zas/ .' 6. P. zombensiSy Baker. A perennial, with erect simple or slightly-branched stems 2 ft. long, pubescent upwards. Leaves sessile, oblong, crenate, pubescent, ascending, 2-/3 in. long. Inflorescence a slightly branched racemose panicle, moderately dense, 2-3 in. long ; whorls many-flowered ; pedicels short. Flower-calyx pubescent, \ in. long; tube campanulate; upper tooth ovate; 4 lower longer, lanceo- late. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Mozamb. Bist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; summit of Moui.t Zomba, Buchanan, 395! 7. P. Buchananii, Baker. Perennial. Leaves oblong, deeply crenate, narrowed gradually to a sessile base or a distinct petiole, Plectra I dhu^.^ cii. labiat.* (baker). 103 membranous, shortly pubescent on both sides, the lower 0-7 in. long, 3 in. broad at the middle. Inflorescence racemose, lax, 1 ft. or more long ; flowers 15-20 in a whorl ; pedicels pubescent, finally \-\ in. long. Fruit-calyx \ in. long ; upper tooth large, ovate ; 4 lower large cUsps. Corolla \-\ in. long. XWozamb. Blst. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Nukujumbii, in the Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 365 ! 8. P. stachyoides, Oliv. in Tram. Linn. Soc. xxix. 130, <. 81. A perennial herb, with stout erect simple pubescent stems 3-4 ft. long. Leaves nearly sessile, ovate or oblong, pubescent, conspicuously crenate, the lower 3 in. long. Inflorescence a dense narrow terminal racemose panicle, the end branch 6-8 in. long ; whorls many-flowered ; bracts ovate, pubescent, foliaceous, J in. long ; pedicels short. Fruit-calyx \ in. long; upper tooth ovate; 4 lower as long, deltoid-cuspidate; tube campanulate, very hairy. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Nile Iiand. British East Africa : Madi, in woods, Speke Sf Grant, 732 ! 9. P. Lastii, Baker. A perennial, with long simple slender pubescent stems. Lower leaves nearly sessile, obovate-cuneate, ob- scurely crenate, thick, pubescent, 1 in. long. Inflorescence racemose, lax ; whorls many-flowered ; pedicels pubescent, longer than the calyx. Flower-calyx pubescent, ^ in. long ; tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube; 4 lower large, linear. Corolla J in. long. IMEozamb. Blst. British Central Africa : Xyasaland ; near Blantyre, Last ! 10. P. floribundus, var. longipes, X. E. Br. in Kew Btdletin, 1894, 13. A shrub, reaching a height of 8-10 ft., without any leaves at the flowering season. Leaves (seen only in the Natal type) sessile, oblong, coriaceous, nearly entire, pubescent, 2-3 in. long. Inflorescence a long lax terminal racemose panicle ; branches ascending, verticillate, 2-3 in. long; pedicels erecto-patent, }-\ in. long, like the rhachis rough with glands; bracts small, oblong, acute, persistent. Calyx finally \ in. long, hairy and glandular ; tube campanulate ; upper lip ovate ; lower teeth lanceolate. Corolla bright yellow, i-J in. long. TaO'weT Guinea. Angola : near the River Cunene, Johnston I IVIozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Lower Plateau, north of Lake Xyasa, Thomson! British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Manganja Hills 10()0-2CX>0 ft., Meller ! Moravi country, west of Lake Nyasa, Kirk ! in woods near Blantyre. 3000 ft., Scott! Missale, Nicholson! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 8^0 l Matabeleland : in the valley of the Umzingwane River, Baines ! The type, which has shorter pedicels, occurs in Natal and the Transvaal. 11. P. minixnus, GUrke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 20.'). Stems erect, very slender, pubescent^ 1-4 in. long. Leaves very small, shortly petioled, ovate, crenate, rather thick, pubescent and dotted with black glands on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, very short; cymes l-:'»- flowered, sessile ; bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, very small ; pedicels j\-J- in. long, pubescent like the calyx. Fruit-calyx ,V-J in. long; 404 cii. LABiATTE (baker.) [Plectvanthus. upper tooth broad, ovate or roundish, obtuse; lateral deltoid, acute; lower lanceolate, acuminate. Upper Guinea. Cumeroons : near linen, 7000 ft., Preuss, 1019. 12. P. ovatifolius, Oliv. in. Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 180, t. 135. An erect perennial, with many erecto-patent pubescent branches. Leaves many, shortly petioled, ovate, acute, membranous, pubescent, about 1 in. long. Inflorescence a lax terminal racemose panicle ; branches 3-4 in. long; whorls few-flowered ; pedicels pubescent, |-J in. long. Fruit-calyx \ in. long ; upper tooth ovate, mucronate, shorter than the tube, with decurrent edges ; lateral teeth small cusps ; lower teeth large cusps. Corolla -J in. long. Xile ILand. British East Africa : Madi ; in patches on flat gronnd near the Madi Burn, Speke Sf Orant ! 13. P. prostratuSy Garke in Engl. Jahrh. xix, 206. Stems creeping, rooting at the nodes, pubescent. Leaves shortly petioled, small, obovate, fleshy, cuneate at the base, obtuse, undulated or obso- letely crenate on the margin, with a few adpressed hairs on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, lax; whorls G-10-flowered ; cymes sessile; pedicels 4-J in. long, clothed like the calyx, with adpressed whitish hairs ; bracts ovate, obtuse. Fruit-calyx yV~ i ^^' ^^^^ ' upper tooth round-ovate, subacute ; the rest subequal, lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla violet. XlSozaml). Bist. German East Africa : at the foot of Rhinoceros Hill, at Pangani Ford, about 2700 ft., Volkens, 484 ; Ukirn, east of Victoria Nyanza, Fischer ^ 497. 14. P. Fischeri, Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 200. Undershrub. Stems erect or ascending, pubescent above, glabrescent below. Leaves obovate or suborbicular, narrowed to a short petiole, obtuse or sub- acute, entire or obscurely crenate, J-lJ in. long, thick, pubescent on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, very dense, terminal or shortly peduncled in the axils of the upper leaves ; pedicels longer than the calyx ; bracts suborbicular or ovate, acute, \-\ in. long. Calyx y\y in. long, clothed with long hairs ; upper tooth larger, ovate ; lower sub- equal, deltoid. Corolla blue ; tube erect, pubescent; lips villous, out- side. nXozamb. Slst. German East Africa : hanging from rocks, near a stream in a forest on the slopes of Ugweno Mountain, near Kilimanjaro, 3900 ft., Volkens, 518 ; Masai Highlands, Fischer, ser. I. 77, ser. II. 501. It has the habit of P. cylindraceus, Hochst. 15. P. insignis. Hook f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 210. A much- branched erect perennial herb, with stems 10-15 ft. long. Leaves long-petioled, oblong, membranous, inciso-crenate, slightly pubescent, acute, narrowed gradually from the middle to the base, the lower 6-9 in. long, 3-4 in. broad at the middle. Inflorescence a very lax ample terminal racemose panicle, the end branch 0-0 in. long ; whorl& Plectratdhus.^ cii. labiate (baker). 1o:> f ew-flovvcred ; pedicels finally \-\ in. long. Calyx in tlower J in., m fruit J in. long ; tube oblong ; upper tooth ovate, much shorter th;iii the tubs; lateral small cusps ; lower very large cusps. Corolla ^ in. long; lower lip oblong, as long as the tube.- Engl. HochgebirgsH Trop. Afr. ;J59. Upper Guinea, (.'aineroons : Cameroon Mountain, 7000 ft., Mann, 1207 1 1(». "P, raider shWis y Bi'iquet in Emjl. Jahrh. xix. \H0. A herl), bearing tubeicles, creeping at the base, then ascending to a height of '2 ft. Leaves petioled, ovate-oblong, above 1 in. long, acute, cuneate at the base, shallowly crenate, green and pubescent on both surfaces. Inflorescence i-acemose, long ; lower whorls distant ; bracts deciduous. Calyx very accrescent, J lin. long in the flowering stage ; upper tooth ovate, the lateral ovate, acuminate, the lowest setaceous. Corolla pro- truding i\t-| in. from the throat of the calyx; lower lip /., in. long. Stamens included, very protandrous. South Central. Congo Free State : Lunda ; Mukenge, in Hashilange district. Foffge, 1022. 17. P. xnandalensis, Baker. An erect perennial, with short finely hairy tetragonous stems. Leaves long-petioled, membranous, broadly ovate or suborbicular, the lower ;]-4 in. long and broad, deeply crenate, pubescent on both surfaces. Whorls 2-;] flowered, forming lax racemose panicles ; pedicels i. in. long ; bracts lanceo- late. Flower-calyx ^^ in. long ; tube campanulate ; upper tooth small, ovate ; lower longer, lanceolate. Corolla pale lilac, twice as long as the calyx. Mozamb. Slst. British Central Africa: Xyasaland ; Mandala, cultivalcil specimen, Moir ! Described from a specimen grown at Kew in .Ian. 189i, which was raised froin seed sent by Mr. .1. Moir in 1898. IX. P. pauciflorus. Baker. A slender erect annual, with the habit of Circoea alpina. Leaves small, distinctly petioled, ovate, crenate, membranous, obscurely pubescent. Inflorescence a \ery lax racemose panicle; bi-anches "), approximate, the end one -) in. long; whorls 2-flowered ; pedicels as long as the calyx. Calyx J in. long; tube campanulate: upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube; lower as long, lanceolate. Corolla J in. long ; lower lip as long as the tube. IVIozamb. Dlst. (ierman East Africa : Unvamwezi ; Msihila, JInnnivtiton ! Vd. P. masukensiSy Baker. An erect branched perennial, with jslender stems densely clothed with short spreading soft hairs. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, very small, acute, crenate, broadly roiMided at the base, nearly glabrous on both surfaces. Whorls usually 2-riowered. arranged in a long lax racemose panicle with a densely pilose rhachis ; bracts minute, foliaceous ; pedicels very short. Fruit-calyx densely pilose, ]; in. long; tube campanulate; upper tooth ovate, obtuse, about VOL. V. ^ 406 cii. LABIAT.+: (baker). [Plecti'mithics, as long as the tube ; the others small, deltoid. Corolla ?, in. long. Stamens included. Mozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Masuka Plateau, G500- ?00 .-. ., JV//t/^e, 299 ! '20. P. brevipes, Baker. A much-branched erect perennial, with slender pubescent stems. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, 1-H in, long, acute, deeply crenate, not cordate at the base, membranous, green and pubescent on both surfaces. Whorls 2-8- flowered, arranged in long lax racemose panicles ; bracts obsolete ; pedicels pubescent, yV-J in. long. Fruit-calyx pilose, ^ in. long ; tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate, obtuse, nearly as long as the tube ; lateral teeth small, deltoid ; lower large, lanceolate. Corolla -J- in. long. Stamens included. Mozamb. Bist. Hritisli Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Nyika Plateau, 6000- 7000 ft., Whyie : 2 1 . P. xnanganjensis. Baker. A perennial erect shortly pubescent herb. Stems 2 ft. long. Leaves distinctly petioled, cordate-ovate, crenate, membranous, pubescent, the lower IJ in. long and broad. Inflorescence racemose ; branches 3, approximate, moderately dense, the end one 2-8 in. long ; whorls few-flowered ; pedicels short, pubescent. Flower-calyx pubescent, ^ in. long ; tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube ; 4 lower lanceolate, as long as the upper. Corolla \ in. long. Mozanib. Blst. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Manganja Highlands, Kirk ! Mount Zomba, 4000-6000 ft., Whyie > 22. P. Holstii) Oiirke in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 204. Stems slender, simple, grandular-pubescent. Leaves distinctly petioled, broadly ovate, membranous, under 1 in. long, acute, rounded at the base, dentate, pubescent on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, short ; whorls distant, 4-()-flowered ; cymes sessile ; bracts broadly ovate, acute ; pedicels 1 in. long, glandular-pubescent, as are the calyx and axis. Fruit-calyx \ in. long ; upper tooth broadly ovate, acute ; lateral deltoid, acuminate ; lower lanceolate-subulate, rigid, shorter than the upper. Corolla declinate, equal at the base. Dflozamb. Bist. (ierman East Africa: Usambara ; in damp places on low hills near Mlalo, Hoist, 2 IS. 23. P. longipes. Baker. A tall, much-branched, erect herb, with pubescent stems. Leaves with a very long petiole, ovate, 2-3 in. long, deeply crenate, not cordate at the base, green and slightly pubescent on both surfaces. Whorls 4-(l-flowered, arranged in a long lax racemose panicle ; bracts minute ; pedicels J— | in. long. Fruit-calyx pilose, \ in. long ; tube campanulate ; upper teeth broadly ovate, as long as the tube ; lower linear, as long. Corolla \ in. long ; lower lip shorter than the tube. Stamens not exserted. — P. herhaceus, Schweinf. PI. Abyss. Sept. Exsicc. No. 178, non Briquet. Nile Ziand. Eritrea : (iinda, 3000 ft , ScJiweinfurth, 178 '. Introduced into cultivation by Messrs. Dammann of Naples in 1894. Plectranthus.'] cii. labiat.e (baker). K)7 24. P. Emini, Garke in En(il. Jahrb. xix. 207. Stems branched, pubescent. Leaves long-petioled, round-ovate, 1-1^, in. long, rather thick, obtuse or subcordate at tlie base, acute, pubescent on both sides. Inflorescence a lax racemose panicle ; whorls remote, 4-G-flowered ; cymes sessile or shortly peduncled ; bracts small, ovate, acute ; pedicels 1 in. long, pubescent. Fruit-calyx 1 in. long; upper tooth ovate, acute, the margins not decurrent ; lateral as long, lanceolate-deltoid ; lower longer, lanceolate. Corolla bent down at the base. lHoxanib. Bist. (rertnan East Africa : Karagwe ; near Hukoba, Sfuhlmann, 3882. 25. P. flacciduSy (jlurke iit Engl. Jahrb. xix. 200. 8tem long, slender, erect, branched, fragile, slightly pubescent. Leaves long- petioled, ovate, membranous, deeply crenate, obscurely pubescent, 1-2 in. long; petiole clothed with soft spreading hairs. Inflorescence a very lax racemose panicle; branches long, slender; whorls 3-4- flowered ; pedicels reaching \ in. long. Calyx finally I in. long ; upper tooth small, orbicular; 4 lower short, deltoid. Corolla \ in. long. — Coleus Jlaccidics, Vatke in Linnsea, xliii. 90. XtSozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Usaramo; Haganioyo, Hildebrandf , 1261! Usarabara; Doda, ^o/.y/, 2980 ! '2Q. P. crenatus, GiXrhe in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 20S. Stems gland- ular-pubescent or subtomentose. Leaves long-petioled, round-ovate, 2 in. long and broad, acute, rounded at the base, glandular-pubescent or subtomentose on both surfaces. Whorls few-flowered ; pedicels long. Flower-calyx \-\ in. long, clothed with long fine glandular hairs ; upper tooth ovate, acute ; lateral shorter, lanceolate-deltoid ; lower lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla blue. lM:ozainb. Dlst. German East Africa : Usambara ; among shrubs in clearings near Masheua, 4000 ft., Hoist, 8730. 27. P. phryxotrichus. Briquet in Jhdl. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. GO. An undershrub, with ascending dull green branches, clothed with long crisped hairs, mixed with short adpressed pubescence. Leaves distinctly petioled, broadly ovate, under 1 in. long, acute or subobtuse, clo.sely crenate, cordate or subcordate at the base, dark green and glabrescent above, paler and pubescent beneath. Inflorescence racemo.se, lax, 3-4 in. long ; whorls simple, 2-G-flowered ; pedicels j in. long ; bracts small, ovate-lanceolate, deciduous. Flower-calyx ^ in. long, clothed with rigid or robust spreading hairs ; tube campanulate ; upper tootii ovate, the rest lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla whitish-lilac, protruding l-\ in. from the throat of the calyx ; lower lip ^ in. long. Stamens Anally exserted. lao-wer Guinea ? Congo, Beivcvre, 862a. 28. P. fragiliSy Baker. An annual, with slender erect simple fragile obscurely pubescent stems 1 A-2 ft. long. Leaves long-petioled. 408 (11. LABIATE, (FiAKEii). [Plectrauthus. cordate-ovate, deeply crenate, membranous, glabrous, \\-'l in. long. Inflorescence a terminal racemose panicle above the leaves ; branches 5, lax, approximate, the end one .*>-(; in. long ; central whorls o-fiowered ; pedicels longer than the calyx. Fruit-calyx \ in. long ; tube cam- panulate ; upper tooth Hmall, ovate ; lateral minute, deltoid ; lower 2 small cusps Corolla J in. long. Mozamb. Sist. Zanzibar, Kirk ! 21). P. sylvestris, iiurke in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 205. Stems branched, 0-7 ft. long, glabrescent below, pubescent above. Leaves petioled, broadly ovate, membranous, 1^,-2 in. long, narrowed to the base, acumi- nate, deeply toothed, glabrous on both sides or obscurely hairy on the ribs below. Inflorescence a racemose lax panicle ; lower whorls remote ; cymes 4-G-flowered, sessile ; bracts lanceolate or ovate lanceolate ; pedi- cels \-}j in. long, clothed like the calyx and axis with thick pubescence. Fruit-calyx 1 in. long ; upper tooth ovate, acute ; lateral lanceolate, acuminate ; lower lanceolate, acuminate, as long as the upper. Corolla blue, pubescent ; tube very short. Mozamb. Dlst. German E ;st Afiicn : Ivilinianjaro, Folkens, 765. ;>0. P. punctatus, L' Her It. Stir p. 87, t. 42 ; Jienth. in DC. Prod. xii. (54. An erect perennial, with stout simple or branched pubescent stems 1-2 ft. long. Leaves petioled, ovate, crenate, membranous, slightly pubescent, the lower ;)-4 in. long, the upper growing gradually smaller. Inflorescence racemose ; branches short, dense in the upper half, lax downwards ; rhachis very pubescent : whorls many-flowered ; pedicels short. Calyx pubescent, ^-J in. long ; tube campanulate ; upper lip ovate, mucronate, as long as the tube ; 4 lower deltoid or lanceolate. Corolla \ in. long. — Engl. Hcchgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. ;J59. JTile X1. p. kamerunensis, Gilrke in Kngl. Jahrh. xix. 202. Stems branched, ;>-4 ft. long ; branchlets pubescent. Leaves with a very long petiole, membranous, round-ovate, the lowest 4 in. long and broad, cordate at the base, acuminate, deeply crenate, with a few adpressed hairs on both sides. Inflorescence a racemose panicle; whorl.* remote, G flowered ; cymes .sessile or nearly so; pedicels long; bracts ovate, acute. Calyx clothed outside with long hairs, in flower ^ in. long, very accrescent ; upper tooth broader, ovate-deltoid, acute ; the others shorter, subequal, deltoid, acuminate. Corolla violet. Upper Guinea. Caraeroons : near West Buea, 3200 ft., Vreusa, 1039. 32. P. Manniiy Baker. An erect herb, with slender fragile branched pilose stems (l-X ft. long. Leaves long-petioled, cordate- Plectayiuthus.] cii. labiaim: (baker). 409 ovate, deeply crenate, membranou?, slightly liairy, the lower 'J-D in. long. Inflorescence a very lax racemose panicle ; branches :>-."», the end one ()-l) in. long ; central whorls «i-S-flowered ; pedicels lon^', pubes- cent. Fruit-calyx |- in. long ; tube oblong ; uj)per tooth small, ovate, with decurrent edges ; lateral deltoid-cuspidate ; lower 2 lanceolate, cus- pidate. Corolla l-\ in. long; lower lip as long as the tube. Upper Crulnea. Cainerooiis : Cameroon Mountain, liOOO ft., Mann, 1947! 3;^>. P. rupestris, Maker. Stems with a shrubby bast, densely hairy. Leaves distinctly petioled, cordate-ovate, membranous, deeply crenate, densely pubescent, 1^-2 in. I'^ng. Inflorescence racemose, lax, terminal, o-5 in. long ; whorls many-flowered ; rhachis and pedicels densely pubescent, the latter longer than the calyx ; bracts minute, deciduous. Calyx ^-J in. long, pubescent ; tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube ; lateral and lower large, lanceolate. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. — Coleus ?'upestris, Hochst. in Schimp. PI. Abyss. No. 2172. Uile Iiand. Abyssinia : near BellaUa, 5000-7000 ft., Schlmper, 2172 ! Somaliland : Ahl Mountains, near Maid, :350(» ft., Hildebrandt, 1430 I and cultivated specimen \ Near P. niadaf/asraricnsi-s; lienth. 84. P. quadridentatus, Sclnceinf. PL Abyss. Sept. Exsicc, No. 2()8G. A perennial herb, with slender branched pube.«cent stems, decumbent at the base, 8-4 in. long. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, very small {\ in. long), obtuse, dentate, cuneate at the base, thick and fleshy, densely pilose on both surfaces. Inflorescence short, lax, racemose; whorls S-O-flowered ; bracts oblong, foliaceous; pedicels \-\ in. long. Fruit-calyx pilose, J in. long ; tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate, obtuse, as long as the tube ; lateral deltoid-cuspidate ; lower lanceolate. Corolla not seen. wile Xiand. Eritrea; Mount Alam Kale, nortli-west of Aidereso, Sr/nreinfurfh 6f Riva, 2086 ! Also in Arabia. 85. P. cyaneus, Giirke ia Engl. Jahrh. xix. 20S. Stems erect, branched, pubescent below, subtomentose above. Leaves petioled, thick, broadly ovate, lJ-2 in. long, obtuse, rounded or subcordateat the base, deeply crenate, subtomentose on both surfaces. I-ower whorls remote, 8-10-flowered ; cymes sessile; bracts ovate; pedicels \-\ in. long, clothed like the axis and calyx with long spreading haifs. Fruit- calyx jV-tV i"- lo"gj dotted with yellow glands ; upper tooth broadly ovate, acute, with the margins scarcely decurrent ; lateral teeth lanceolate-deltoid, acuminate ; lower longer, lanceolate-subulate. Corolla blue, dotted with yellow glands. X^ozamb. Sist. German East Africa : Usambara ; Silvi near Masheua, 16(50 ft., Kolst, 8850 ! near Kwa Msliuza in the Handei Mountains, 50CK) ft., lloht, 8984 : 410 cii. LABIATE (baker). [Plectranthus . 36. P. sphserophylluSy Baker. Stem slender, simple, thinly- hairy. Leaves long-petioled, cordate-orbicular, with 3-4 broad deep teeth on each side, membranous, glabrous, the lower 1-1 J in. long and broad. Panicle racemose, very lax, terminal, J ft. long ; central whorls 3-4-flowered; pedicels reaching J- J in. long. Fruit- calyx ^ in. long, glabrous ; tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube ; 2 lateral short cusps ; 2 lower longer cusps. Corolla J in. long ; lower lip oblong-navicular, rather shorter than the tube. Xttozamb. Blst. Zanzibar ? Kirk ! German East Africa : Usaramo ; Dar-t-s- Salaam, Kirk ! 37. P. xnicrophyllus. Baker. Perennial, with slender erect simple firm obscurely pubescent stems, 1 ft. long. Leaves small, dis- tinctly petioled, orbicular, crenate, cuneate and entire at the base, membranous, slightly pubescent. Inflorescence racemose, long, very lax ; whorls many-flowered ; pedicels as long as the calyx. Fruit-calyx \ in. long ; tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube ; lower longer, lanceolate. Corolla J in. long. Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa: Usambara; Magila, 1000 ft.. Kirk! 88. P. paucicrenatus, Franchet, Sert. Somal, 56. Stems herb- aceous, clothed with white hairs. Leaves petioled, suborbicular, deeply inciso-crenate, with only 2-3 teeth on each side, laxly lanate, whitish beneath. Inflorescence a lax racemose panicle ; bracts deciduous. Calyx minutely pubescent, as long as the pedicel ; upper tooth ovate ; 4 lower acute. Corolla J in. long, scarcely twice the length of the calyx, pubescent. irUe ]band. Somalilaud, Revoil. Nearly allied to P. madagascariensis, Bentb., which, as it occurs in Arabia Felix, Mauritius and Natal, will most likely be found in Tropical Africa. 39. P. herbaceusy Briquet hi Engl. Jahrh. xix. 179. An erect annual, with branched fragile glabrous stems 1-3 ft. long, Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, membranous, crenate, 1-2 in. long, glabrous above, obscurely pubescent beneath. Panicles terminal on the main stem and branches, made up of many ascending forked scorpioid elon- gated cymes; pedicels very short. Fruit-calyx glabrous, \ in. long; tube campanulate ; upper lip orbicular ; lateral small, deltoid ; lower lanceolate, as long as the upper. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. — Germanea herbacea, Hiern, Cat. Afr. PL Welw. i. 801. Ito-wer Guinea. Angola : province of Huilla, at LopoUo, WeUvilsch, 5506 ! 5614. 40. P. bongensis, Baker. An annual herb, with slender erect branched glabrous stems 2-3 ft. long. Leaves oblong, acute, petioled, crenate, membranous, glabrous, the lower 2-3 in. long. Inflorescence a lax narrow panicle 6-9 in. long; cymes short, compound ; pedicels short. Calyx \ in. long ; tube campanulate ; lateral lobes oblong ; Plectranthtbs.'] cii. labiat.*: (baker). 411 lower small cusps. Corolla J in. long ; cylindrical portion of the tube longer than the calyx. xrile Ziand. British East Africa: Bongo; Gir, Schueinfurlh^ 24901 41. P. glandulosuSy Hook.f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Vi. 17, vii. 210. A much-branched erect herb, 8-10 ft. high, with slender pilose branchlets. Leaves long-petioled, cordate ovate, acute, deeply crenate, membranous, glabrous, the lower 4-5 in. long and nearly as broad. Inflorescence an ample, decompound, terminal panicle ; lower branches bracteated at the base by large leaves ; branchlets slender, glandular- pubescent; lower whorls of the branchlets of few-flowered peduncled cj'^mes ; pedicels longer than the calyx. Flower-calyx y^g— yV in. long ; tube very short ; upper tooth large, ovate ; lower smaller, ovate ; fruit-calyx | in. long ; lower teeth large cusps. Corolla | in. long ; lower lip nearly as long as the tube. upper Guinea. Cameroona : Cameroon Mountain, 7000 ft., Mann, 2029 ! Fernando Po, 7000 ft., Mann, 318 ! 42. P. eleganSy Britten in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. 8G. Stem erect, perennial, hairy. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, 1-i in. long, acute, cuneate at the base, crenate, scabrous and dark green above, pubescent beneath, with prominent veins. Cymes shortly peduncled, 2-8-flowered, forming a long narrow panicle; pedicels J in. long; bracts small, ovate, acute. Calyx minutely hairy, broadly campanulate, yV in. long ; upper tooth ovate, obtuse, the othei-s acuminate. Corolla 3-4 lin. long. Stamens exserted. Mozamb. Sist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Mount Mlanje, WAyte. 43. P. parvus, Oliv. in To'ans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ii. 347. An erect annual, with the habit of Circcea ailpina, with slender fragile simple or branched hairy stems ^ ft. long. Ijeaves long-petioled, ovate, acute, membranous, crenate, hairy, 1-1 J in. long. Inflorescence race- mose, short ; lower cymes compound, few-flowered ; pedicels longer than the calyx. Flower-calyx ^ in. long; upper tooth short, ovate ; lower small, acute. Corolla \ in. long. Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, 5000 ft., Johnston ! 44. P. Johnstonii, Baker. An erect herb, with slender pilose branchlets. Leaves long-petioled, cordate-ovate, acute, crenate, mem- branous, slightly pubescent, the lower 2-3 in. long. Panicle small, racemose, short ; cymes few-flowered, shortly peduncled ; branchlets very slender, densely pubescent; pedicels long or short. Flower-calyx \ in. long; tube campanulate, pubescent; upper tcwth ovate; lower as long, lanceolate. Corolla mauve-lilac, J in. long ; lower lip oblong, deeply concave, as long as the tube. Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro, 6000 ft., Johnston, «9 ! 45. P. pratensiSy Gurhe in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 201. Stems nearly 2 ft. long, erect, branched, pubescent or subtomentose. Leaves long- 412 (11. LABiAT.E (baker). [Plectranth)'^. petioled, ovate, acute or acuminate, membranous, serrate, 2-o in. long, li-2 in. broad, rounded or subcordate at the base, clothed with long adpressed hairs on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, very short, terminal ; cymes shortly peduncled, crowded, ;>-flowered ; pedicels ^| in. long; bracts lanceolate. Calyx shortly tubular, finally ^-^ in. long ; upper tooth ovate, acute, the others lanceolate-deltoid, acuminate. Corolla with a blue tube and white lips. BSozamb. I>lst. (iernian East Africa : Kilimanjaro, near Marangu, 5000 ft., rolki-m^ ()34. Usainbara; near Mlalo, Hoist, 459. 46. P. urticoideSy Baket\ An erect herb, with slender stems thinly clothed with spreading white hairs. Leaves long-petioled, cor- date-ovate, deeply crenate, membranous, slightly hairy on the main veins, the lower o-4 in. long and broad, with an ascending petiole nearly as long as the blade. Inflorescence a very lax terminal racemose panicle ; cymes simple or slightly compound ; pedicels longer than the calyx. Flower-calyx ^ in. long ; tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate ; 4 lower cuspidate. Corolla t\ in. long. — P. laxijforus, var. genuimis, Bri(|uet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 180, vix Benth. Gerjnanea laviflora, var. yenuina, Hiern, Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 8G1. ]Lo\irer Guinea. Angola: province of Pungo Andongo, WeZtriYvcA, 5545 ! Briqiiet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 180, refers this to the South-east African P. laxi- floruSy lienth., which differs by having many distinctly peduncled cymes, larger corollas, &c. He describes a var. -stenodonius collected in Angola by Von Mechow. 47. P.chiradzulensiSj/irt^ey. Stem elongated, woody, bearing small distant lateral panicles ; branchlets pubescent. Leaves small, petioled, ovate, deeply crenate, membranous, glabrous. Panicles very lax, lateral and terminal ; cymes few-flowered, simple or compound ; pedicels \-\ in. long. Calyx finally |-J in. long ; upper tooth ovate, shorter than the oblong tube ; lateral teeth lanceolate ; lower linear, as long as the top one. Corolla J in. long; lower lip oblong, deeply concave, as long as the tube. nXozaml). Dist. British Central Africa : summit of Mount Chiradzulu, Mellef .' Mount Mlaiije, 6000 ft., Whj/fe ! 48. P. usambarensiSy Giirke in Kngl. Jahrh. xix. 207. Stems branched, clothed with spreading glandular hairs. Leaves long-petioled, rhomboid-ovate, membranous, 1-1 J in. long, at most 1 in. broad, acute, rounded or narrowed to the base, serrate, sparsely clothed on both sides with very long hairs. Inflorescence racemose, lax ; whorls remote ; cymes 2-flowered, shortly peduncled ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, persistent ; pedicels V in. long, clothed, like the calyx, with long simple and shoi-t glandular hairs. Fruit-calyx \ in. long ; upper tooth broad deltoid, acute ; lateral deltoid, acuminate ; lower longer, lanceolate, acuminate. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Usambara, Hoist, 487. Flecti'tinthus.]^ cii. labiat.+: (bakeu). 41;; 49. P. albus, Giirke in Knyl. Jahrh. xix. 2<»2. Stems branclied, 1)-10 ft. long; branchlets pubescent or sul)tomentose. Leaves mem- branous, distinctly petioled, '2-2}^ in. long, ovate, cordate or rounded at the base, acute, crenate, pubescent on both sides. Inflorescence a race- mose panicle ; whorls remote, G-fiowered ; cymes distinctly peduncled ; pedicels ^-1 in. long; bracts ovate, acute. Fruit-calyx \-\ in. long, declinate, pubescent; upper tooth broader, deltoid-ovate, acute, the others shorter, subeciual, deltoid, acute or acuminate. Corolla white, finely pubescent. XMCozamb. Bist. German East Africa: Kilimaiijiiro, .lOOO-GOOO ft. rolkens 744. Near P. laxiflorus, Benth. r)0. P. violaceus, Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 201. Stems erect, branched, 6-7 ft. long; branchlets glandular-pubescent. Leaves membranous, long-petioled, ovate, the lower "> 0 in. long, 3-4 in. bi-oad^ acute or acuminate, rounded at the base, strongly crenate, glabrous on both sides. Inflorescence a lax racemose panicle ; cymes distinctly peduncled; whorls 6 - flowered ; pedicels \-\ in. long; bracts small, oblong-lanceolate. Fruit-calyx \ in. long, declinate, glandular-pubes- cent ; upper tooth largest, ovate-deltoid, acute, the others rather shorter, deltoid, acute, subequal. Corolla violet. Mozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Usambara : Lutiiidi, o(XX> ft.. Hoist, 3317 ! Near P. laxiflorus, Benth. 51. P. hylophilus, Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 2Mo. Steins branched, G-7 ft. long; branchlets glandular-pubescent. Leaves long- petioled, membranous, ovate, the lower 4 in. long, 3 in. broad, cordate or subcordate at the base, acuminate, deeply serrate, both sides sparsolv clothed with adpressed hairs. Inflorescence a lax racemose panicle ; cymes 3-flowered, distinctly peduncled ; bracts lanceolate, acuminate ; pedicels J in. long, glandular-pubescent, as are the calyx and rliachis. Calyx very accrescent, finally ^ in. long ; upper tooth broader, ovate- deltoid, acuminate ; lateral shorter, lanceolate, acuminate ; lower longer, sub-rigid, subulate. Corolla violet, 4-5 lin. long. Upper Guinea. Catiieroons: near Mann's Spring, 72(XMt., P/vm,v.v, 815 I 52. P. orbicularis, Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 2(i."J Stems but little branched, pubescent, 1^ ft. long. Leaves long-petioled, orbi- cular, membranous, 1-2 in. long and broad, obtuse or cuspidate, dee]>ly cordate at the base, deeply toothed, glabrous, gland-dotted beneath. Inflorescence racemose, lax; whorls distant, (l-flowered : cymes shortly peduncled ; bracts round or broadly ovate ; pedicels J in. long, shortly pubescent, as are the calyx and axis. Fruit-calyx \ in. long; upper tooth broadly ovate, cuspidate ; lateral teeth deltoid, acuminate : lower lanceolate-deltoid, acuminate, longer than the upper. Corolla declinate. XVIozamb. Bist. Zanzibar, . An under- shrub, with erect woody pubescent branches. Leaves unknowji. Inflorescence a racemose panicle ; branches dense, 1-1.\ in. long; bracts obovate or oblanceolate, ^— J in. long, twice as long as the pedicels. Calyx '2-'2h lin. long, with 5 sube(|ual lanc-eolate acuminate teeth. Corolla 5 lin. long. Mozamb. Bist. (xerman East Africa: Higher IMateaux north of Lake .\\nsa, Thomson 1 01. P. stenosiphon, Baker. An annual, with erect simple slender glabrous stems 1-1 ^ ft. long. Leaves long-petioled, mem- branous, ovate, crenate, obscurely pubescent, 2-3 in. long ; petiole longer than the blade. Inflorescence racemose, moderately dense, 3-4 in. long; flowers 5-G in a whorl ; bracts minute ; pedicels short, pubescent. Calyx pubescent, iV~iV ^^' ^^"is J ^'^''^® campanulate; teeth ovate- 41 G cii. I,ABlAl^'^: (bakeii). [Plectranihus^. lanceolate, subeciual. Corolla I in. long; tube very slender, three times the length of the calyx. XtXoxamb. Dlst. Hritisli Centra! Africa : Nvasalaiul ; near the River Shire, Kir/c ! Zambesi {f). Kirk ! iV>. P. betonicsefolius, Jkiker in Kew Balletin, 181)5, 72. Stem herbaceous, perennial, 2-:> ft. long ; branchlets clothed with white down. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, the lower 1 i -2 in. long, crenate, green on the face, clothed with white pubescence beneath. Peduncle long, naked. Inflorescence a dense simple cylindrical racemose panicle, 3 in. long ; axis densely pilose; bracts ovate, cuspidate. Calyx yV in. long, densely clothed with purple woolly hairs ; teeth subequal, deltoid. Corolla pubescent, 0-7 lin. long ; tube much longer than the calyx, dilated in the upper half ; upper lip small ; lower large, very concave. Stamens included. Mozamb. Bist. British Central Africa : Urungu ; Fwambo, south of Lake Tanganyika, 5000 ft , Carson, 64, 79 ! Nutt ! 08. P. horridus. Baker. A coarse herb, with the habit of Urtica diolca. Stems erect, simple, with spreading white bristly hairs. Leaves ovate, membranous, pubescent, deeply crenate, 2-;> in. long ; petiole long, clothed with bristles like those of the stem. Inflorescence race- mose, lax, simple, 8-4 in. long ; flowers about six in a whorl ; rhachis coarsely pubescent ; pedicels unequal, some longer than the calyx. Calyx ji.T-J in. long; teeth ovate-lanceolate, subequal. Corolla J in. long ; tube scarcely longer than the calyx. — Germanta horrida, Hiern, Cat. Afr, PI. Welw. i. 808. Xiower Guinea. Angola : province of Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5537 I 5613 : 04. P. pubescens, Baker. An erect perennial, with branched densely pubescent stems. Leaves distinctly petioled, broadly ovate, about 1 in. long, acute, shallowly cordate at tlie base, deeply crenate, membranous, green and densely pubescent on both surfaces. Whorls lax, arranged in a long racemose panicle ; bracts minute ; pedicels pubescent, | in long. Fruit-calyx pubescent, J in, long ; teeth small, subequal, deltoid oi- lanceolate-deltoid. Corolla I in. long. Stamens included. Mozamb. Bist. British Central Africa : Xyasaland ; Mount Malosa, 4000- 6000 ft., Whyie ! Nyika Plateau, 7000 ft., Whiff e! 65. P. nyikensis. Baker. A much-branched undershrub, with woody pubescent branches. Leaves shortly petioled, broadly ovate or suborbicular, |-1 in. long, obtuse, broadly rounded at the base, firm, green and pubesceiit on both surfaces. Cymes few flowered, umbellate, arranged in a moderately long lax racemose panicle ; bracts small, ovate, foliaceous ; pedicels densely pubescent, /. in. long. Calyx densely Plectranthus.'] cii. LABiAr.-E (baker). 417 pubescent, J in. long ; tube campanulate ; teeth small, deltoid, subequal. Corolla ^ in. long. Stamens included. XVIozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Nyassiland : X>ika IMateau, 6000- 7000 ft., Whi/fe. 162 ! 66. P. triflorus. Baker. A perennial herb, with short slender erect densely pubescent stems. Leaves small, shortly petioled, cordate- ovate, crenate, densely pubescent. Panicles racemose, very lax ; branches short, generally three-flowered; pedicels short, like the peduncles densely pitbescent. Calyx -J in. long, densely pubescent ; tube campanulate ; teeth small, ovate ; lower pair longest. Corolla I in. long ; tube much curved, 2-3 times the length of the calyx. Mozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, 9000- 10,(K»0 ft., T/iomson ! 67. P. matabelensis, Baker. Annual ? Stem s(juare, fragile, slender, erect, glabrous. Leaves distinctly petioled, cordate-ovate, membranous, deeply crenate, 2-;> in. long. Panicle 6-l> in. long, with short ascending branches, bearing several flowers crowded at the top. Calyx |-^V in. long ; teeth subequal, ovate-lanceolate, shorter than the oblong tube. Corolla ^ in. long ; tube 2-3 times the length of the calyx. IMEozamb. Dist. Matabeleland : by the Rocky Shasha Kiver, Holnh, 3403- 1406 1 68. P. defoliatus, Uochst. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. (id. A shrub, with woody dense pubescent branches. Leaves not seen, not produced with the flowers, small, orbicular. Panicle racemose, long, lax ; branches several in a whorl ; rhachises pubescent ; cymes irregular ; pedicels short, pubescent ; bracts minute. Calyx campanulate, densely pilose, ^ in. long ; teeth subequal, lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla ^ in. long; lower lip as long as the tube.^ — -A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 181 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 358. wile Xiand. Abyssinia : .Samen : Woina Deka Region, Sfeudner, 14121 on the sides of mountains near .lomara, Schimper, 847 ! jirovinoe of Wojerat, Petit . liower Guinea. Anj^ola : near tlie River Cunene, Johnaton I G9. P. kondowensis, Baker. An erect, branched, perennial herb, with slender finely pubescent stems. Leaves long-petioled, cordate, ovate, 2-:U in. long, acute, crenate, membranous, green and finely pubescent on both surfaces. Cymes usually ^J-flowered, distinctly peduncled, on a lax terminal panicle ; lower bracts ovate, foliaceous ; pedicels pubescent, -J-j in. long. Fruit-calyx pubescent, }. in. long; tube campanulate ; teeth minute, upper deltoid, lower deltoid-cuspi date. Corolla J in. long; tube dilated in the upper half; lower lip large. Stamens included. nXozamb. Bist. British Central Africa: Nyasalaiul : between Kondowo and Karonga, west of Lake Xyasa, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte ! 4 IS ('II. labiate: (baker). [Plecirajithus. 70. P. Zenker!, (iilrke in Engl. Jahrh. xix. lOl). Stems erect, branched, pubescent. Leaves distinctly petioled, membranous, ovate or ovate-oblong, above ] in. lone^, rounded at the base, acute or acumi- nate, crenate, glabrous above, pubescent below. Racemes lax, com- pound ; cymes remote, ;»-riowered, with a peduncle \ in. long ; pedicels long, sparsely glandular-pubescent, like the calyx and rhachis; bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate. Calyx tubular, in flower -^^ in., finally J in. long ; teeth subequal, lanceolate-deltoid, acuminate, lower shorter. Corolla lilac. Upper Guinea. C'amerooiis : near Yaunde, Zenker. 71. P. Schiinperi, Vatke in Linncm, xxxvii. ?)\1. An annual, with much-branched slender fragile glabrous stems 2-8 ft. long. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, acute, membranous, crenate, slightly hairy, 1-2 in. long. Inflorescence a lax terminal panicle, with compound cymes on slender ascending peduncles from the axils of the upper leaves ; pedicels pubescent, long or short. Flower-calyx pubescent, J in. long ; teeth ovate, equal, shorter than the tube. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx ; lips \ in. long. — Engl. Ilochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 8,-i8. Nile Iiand. Abyssinia : Hegemeder ; near (iafat, by streams, in hedges and at the foot of mountains, 81CKJ-8200 ft., Schimper, 1174! 1179! and without precise locality, Roih, 502 ! 72. P. ramosissixnuSy Hook. f. in Jour n. Linn. Soc. vi. 17, vii. 210. An erect, much-branched herb, 4-10 ft. high, with square slightly pubescent stems. Leaves distinctly petioled, narrowly ovate, crenate, small, pubescent. Inflorescence a lax panicle terminating each branch, with copiously compound branchlets, each subtended at the base by a reduced leaf ; pedicels pubescent. Flower-calyx jV ^^^ long, densely pubescent ; tube campanulate ; teeth small, deltoid, sub- equal. Corolla ,V in. long ; tube straight, funnel-shaped, twice as long as the calyx ; lower lip much smaller in proportion than usual in the genus. Stamens exserted beyond the lower lip. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 3r>l). Tipper Guinea. Cameroons : Cameroon Mountain, 3000-7000 ff., Manriy 1320! 1996 ! Johnsfon, 102! Fernando Po : Clarence Peak, 5000 ft., Mann,Q2i\ 7;>. P. hoslundioides, Baker. A much-branched herb, with finely hairy slender fragile stems. Leaves shortly petioled, broadly ovate, crenate, small, pubescent, especially beneath. Inflorescence a lax panicle with trichotomously cymose forks at the end of each branch ; pedicels long, very slender. Flower-calyx densely pubescent, -^^ in. long ; teeth ovate, subequal. Corolla | in. long ; tube straight, sub- cylindrical, three times the length of the calyx ; lower lip much smaller than is usual in the genus. Stamens shortly exserted. Mozamb. Dist. (ierman East Africa : Lower Plateau, north of Lake Nyasa, Thomson ! Nearly allied to P . ramosissiimis. Hook. f. Plectranthus.'] cii. labiat.e (baker). \\\) 74. P. Whytei, Baker. A much-branched, erect perennial heib, with slender branches, densely clothed upwards with short hairs. Leaves sessile, ovate, 1-2 in. long, acute, crenate. broadly rounded at the base, moderately firm, green and thinly pilose above, densely pilose beneath. Cymes not umbellate, produced on long slender peduncles from the axils of large leaves; pedicels long. Calyx finally J in. long, densely pilose ; tube recurved ; teeth small, subec^ual, deltoid. Corolla Jin. long; lips small. Stamens not exserted. Style finally exserted. I\Sozaxnl>. Dlst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Tanganyika Plateau at Fort Hill, 3500-4000 ft., Wh'yfe ! between Mpata and the commencement ui' the Tanganyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ft., Whyte ! Masuka Plateau, ist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Xyika Plateau, 6000- 7000 ft.. Whyie, 2(X) ! Blantyre, in damp places, Buchanan, 105 ! 76. P. insolitus, C. 11. Wright in Journ. L'nin. Soc. xxxiv. 27."), t. i), Jigs'. 7-8. A glabrous herb. Stem erect, slightly woody at the base, striate when dry. Leaves alternate, linear or slightly falcate, acute, attenuate at the base, entire, 1 j in. long, 1 lin. wide. Raceme ter- minal ; bracts alternate, rarely opposite, ovate-lanceolate, shorter than the pedicels. Calyx campanulate, glandular outside ; upper lobe entire, broadly ovate ; lower lobes narrowly triangular. Corolla-tube contracted near the base, campanulate above ; lower lip entire, glandular outside ; upper of 4 subequal obtuse teeth. Filaments very shortly connate at the base. Ovary when young deeply 4-lobed. — Symphostemon insolituSj Hiern in Cat. Afr. PL Welw. i. 8G7. Iiower Guinea. Angola : Welwitsch, 1634, 5593 ! This species recedes from typical Plectranthus in having alternate leaves and very shortly connate filaments. It approaches Englerastnim, Briquet. Imperfectly knoicn species. 77. P. Marquesiiy Giirke ex Henriques in Bolet. Soc. lirot. xvi. 70. Stem erect, glabrous. Leaves distinctly petioled, oblong-lanceolate, 5-6 in. long, 2 in. broad, acuminate, narrowed to the base, serrate, glabrous on both surfaces. Racemes lax, 4-5 in. long ; whorls distant, 6 -flowered ; pedicels long. Calyx sparsely, very shortly pilose. Soutli Central. Muato-lamoo : undershrnb in shade along the River Cuillo, Marques, 197. 420 on. LTABiAT.E (bakeu). [Plectranthus. 7i^. P. Coppiniy ('ornu ui Coii'.ptes'readits Acad. Paris, cxxx. 120?^, a Species with edible tuberous roots from the Sudan, is at present a doubtful member of the genus. 14. SOLENOSTEMON, Schumach. et Thonn. ; Benth et Hook. f. Gen. Plant ii. 1175. Calyx slightly accrescent; tube campanulate in the flowering stage, 10 ribbed ; upper tooth ovate, with decurrent edges ; lateral small ; lower oblong, as long as the upper. Corolla-tube cylindrical, dilated and deflexed at the throat ; upper lip shorter ; low^er long, oblong, deeply concave. Stamens 4, declinate ; filaments filiform, united in a tube at the base ; anther-cells confluent. Disk glandular, style shortly bifid. Nucules ovoid, smooth. — Erect herbs. Leaves ovate, crenate, long-petioled ; whorls of flow^ers arranged in a long raceme or panicle ; bracts small. Flowers small, lilac. One of the species also Tropical American. Cymes simple, umbellate. Annual . . . . . . . . 1. . S. africanus, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 181, in obs. S. ocimoides, Briquet in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. G8 ; Henriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot. x. 149, Upper Guinea. Senegal, without collector's name ! Sierra l^eone : Heddles Farm, open places in the bush, Scotl-EUiot , 3908 1 WelivilscJi, G.jTO, 5580 I French Oninea, near Salimania, Scolf -Elliot, 533G ! Ashanti, Cmnmins, 9! Lagos: Yoruba district, 3Iolo)n'// ! Niger Territory: Nupe, Barter, 1281! TiOwer Niger; Stirling \V\\\. Ansfll ! C:\merooiis: \{\o {}ie\ \\e\, Johnslov I liatango, JJo/f^*, 117 I Fernando I v. Barter! Mann, 404! ZiO\i^er Guinea, island of St. Thoma.*, Moller. Angola : 15 miles from. Ambriz, Morieiro ! Sole?iostemo7i.] cii. labiat.k (haki:r). liM Soutb Central. ("ongo Free State : Monbuttu ; by tlie Knssumbo Kivtr, ISchiveinJ'urih, 3633 ! Var. monosfachyus. Baker. Differs from tbe type by its more broaiUy ovateaud more distinctly croiiate leaves, more contiguous wborls of Howers, larger fruit-calyx, and smaller corolla. S. monoslackijus, Hriquet in Mull. Soc. Hot. lielg. xxxvii. 09 and in Engl. & Prantl, PHauzenfam. iv. 3a, 359. Ocimiim monostachijum, I*. Hcauv. Fl. Ovvar, ii. 60, t. 95, Hg. 1. Fleet ranthus Falisoti, Jientli. in DC. Prod, xii. 69. Upper Guinea. lienin, Beauvois. Niger Delta: (irand Hassa, Fo//f7, 49! Nun liiver, Vogcl, S I Xiower Guinea. Congo, Dewevre. Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Lusambo, on the River Sankuru, Laurt-nl . Also in Hahia. '1. S. decumbens. Baker. A perennial herb, with simple pube- scent flowering stems, ascending from a decumbent base. Leaves very small, ovate, crenate, distinctly petioled. Whorls simple, (l-S-flowered ; pedicels arcuate, longer than the calyx ; raceme simple, lax, 'l-\ in. long; bracts minute. Calyx finally ^ in. long ; tube short, campann- late; upper and lower lips oblong, sube({ual ; side teeth very small. Corolla blue ; tube little longer than the calyx ; upper lip very short ; lower lip longer than the tube. Stamens as long as the lower lip. — Plectranthus deciimhens, Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 210; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. :>r)l). Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Cameroon Mountain, 7000-8000 ft., M'titn, 2002 : Johnston, 79 ! :>. S. calaminthoides. Baker. A perennial herb, with slendei- ascending glabrous stems. Leaves petioled, ovate, crenate, nearly glabrous, 1-1^ in. long, cuneate and entire at the base. Eaceme lax, simple, terminal, 4-5 in. long ; whorls remote, O-S-flowered ; pedicels pubescent, as long as the calyx. Fruit-calyx J in. long; tube short, campanulate : upper tooth ovate, reflexed, longer than the tube ; sii8t, British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Hlantyre, L"^/ •' between Shibisa and Tshinmuzo, 2000-4000 ft., Kirk ! 422 cii. LABIATE (baker). [Solenostemo7i. '). S. Manniiy Baker. An herbaceous perennial, with erect stems, 3 ft. long, and firm glabrous blanches. Leaves petioled, ovate, acute, crenate, cuneate at the base, moderately firm, glabrous, 1-H in. long. Inflorescence a lax, cylindrical, peduncled, terminal panicle 3-4 in. long, with slightly compound subsessile cymose branches; pedicels long, slender. Flower-calyx yV in. long, deeply bilabiate ; upper lip ovate, reflexed ; lower oblong. Corolla J in. long ; lower lip longer than the tube. — Coleiis Mannii, Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 211 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 361. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Cameroon Mountain, 5000-6000 ft., Mann^ 1967 1 (i. S. cjnnosuSy Baker. Stems 10-12 ft. long, slender, square, glabrous. Leaves ovate, acute, long-petioled, nearly or quite glabrous, the lower 3-4 ii^. long. Whorls distant, each composed of two lax cymes, arranged in a panicle reaching a foot in length ; pedicels glabrous, ^-J in. long, in fruit up to o lin. ; bracts minute. Calyx finally \ in. long ; tube campanulate ; upper lip orbicular, reflexed ; lower oblong, concave. Corolla-tube much longer than the calyx, deflexed and dilated at the throat ; lower lip \ in. long. Stamens as long as the lower lip. Upper Guinea. Cauieroons: Cameroon Mountain, 1000-3000 ft., Mann, 1251 ! Schweinfurth's No. 3596 from Moiibuttu is probably a near ally, but our specimen does not show corolla and stamens. 15. COLEUS, Lour. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii. 11 70. Calyx usually declinate in fruit ; tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate ; 4 lower narrower, acute. Corolla-tube much longer than the calyx, deflexed about the middle ; throat funnel-shaped ; limb bilabiate; lower lip long, oblong, deeply concave. Stamens 4, didynamous, decli- nate ; filaments united in a tube above their insertion in the throat of the corolla; anther-cells confluent. Disk produced into a gland on the lower side of the ovary. Style bifid at the apex. Nucules ovoid or subglobose, smooth. — Annual or perennial herbs or small shrubs. Leaves various in shape, petioled or sessile. Whorls of racemes usually simple, rarely compound. Flowers usually lilac, small or middle-sized. Species 80-100, spread through the warmer regions of the Old World. **Cyme8 umbellate, arranged in a simple racemose panicle. Leaves sessile or subsessile. Perennial herbs. Leaves thin and not at all Heshy. Root without tubers. Leaves glabrous . 1. C. aquaiicus. Leaves pubesceut . . 2. C. glandulosus. C oleics. CII. LABIATE (baker). 423 Root bearing tubers . Leaves thick and rather Hesby Undersbrub with woody branches Leaves distinctly petioled. fHerbs. Leaves thin and not at all Hesby. Leaves glabrous. Root tuberous Root not tuberous. Whorls many-Howered. Corolla red Corolla lilac Corolla yellow Whorls 2-tiovvered Leaves slightly pubescent, not bullate. Leaves elliptic or suborbicular. 3. C. edulis. 4. C. Kilimandschari. 5. C. comosus. 6. C. Halagensis. 7. C elatus. 8. C. riiwenzoriensis. 9. C. dectirrens. 10. C. leptophyllm. Bracts oblong .... 11. C. Dupuuiii. Bracts ovate .... . 12. C. Detvevrei. Leaves ovate. Lower whorls 12-15-ttowered 13. C. as$urge}us. Lower whorls S-Howered 14. C. Penzigii. Leaves pubescent, bullate . 15. C. btillulatus. Leaves very hairy. Root bearing small tubers 16. C. lanuginosus-. Root not tuberous. Dwarf 17. C. trichophorus. Not dwarf. Fruit-calyx J in. long . 18. C. barhatiis. Fruit-calyx ^ in. long 19. C. gomphophylU 3aves thicker and niore or less fleshy. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate . 20. C.fiavovirenn. Leaves oblong or obovate . 21. C. Schinr.ii. Leaves ovate-rhomboid or ovate-lanceolate 22. C. decumbens. Leaves ovate. Leaves small . 23. C. feten^is. Leaves 1-2 in. long. Leaves crenate. Whorls 5-6-tlowered. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx 24. C. vest if us. Corolla-tube longer than the calyx 25. C. speciosus. Whorls 6- 10-flowered 26. C. Schweinfurthx Whorls 12-flowered . 27. C. petersiauus. Leaves deeply serrate . 28. C. iricholohus. Leaves 2-4 in. long. Pedicels i in. long 29. C. coendeus. Pedicels ^-| in. long. Fruit-calyx ^ in. long 30. C. Camporiitn. Fruit-calyx ^ in. long tfUndersbrubs with woody branches. Leaves small. Leaves cuneate at the base. Corolla small . Corolla large . Leaves rounded at the base . 32. C. Wf/tcifschii. 33. C. cuneatus. 34. C. amhoinicus. 424 CII. LABIAT.Ii: (baker). [Cole Lciives moderately large. Whorls few-tlowered. Leaves nearly glabrous. Corolla nearly 1 in. long Corolla ^ in. long Leaves hairy on both sides Whorls many-flowered. Racemes short .... Itacemes moderately long. Lower calyx-teeth lanceolate Lower calyx-teeth deltoid Raceme very long .... Leaves unknown ..... '""Cymes not strictly umbellate, arranged in a simple or sliglitly branched racemose or spicate panicle. Undershrubs widi woody branches. 35. C, umbrosus. 36. C. Mahoni. 37. C. mar an (J liens is. 38. C. igniarius. 39. C. ghindanus. 40. C. Malinvaldii. 41. C. macidaius. 42. C. aulikanensis. 43. C. lasianthus. Leaves ovate-elliptic ...... 44. C. longipetiolatus. Leaves orbicular . 45. C. orbicularis. Herbs with tuberous roots. Leaves membranous 46. C. latifolius. Leaves fleshy , 47. C. dysentericus. Herbs with non-tuberous roots. Leaves oblong ....... 48. C. nervosus. Leaves ovate. Leaves glabrous or subglabrous above. Fruit-calyx ^ in. long . . . . , . 49. C. poggeamis. Fruit-calyx \ in. long , 50. C. silvafictis. Leaves more or less pubescent. Leaves sessile ...... . 51. C.Jiorihiindiis. Leaves long-petioled. liOwer calyx-teeth as long as the upper . 52. C. garcJceanus. Lower calyx-teeth short, linear . 53. C. beionicoides. Lower calyx-teeth short, lanceolate . 54. C. alpinus. Lower calyx-teeth short, broad . . 55. C. Autrani. Leaves densely soft, villous . 56. C. Schweinfurthii. Leaves suborbicular . 57. C. rejjens. ***Cymeo stalked, not umbellate, arranged in a much branched panicle. Shrubs with woody branches. Cymes short . 58. C. nyikensis. Cymes long. Calyx-teeth lanceolate, acute . 59. C. mirabilis. Calyx-teeth ovate, obtuse .... . 60. C. thyrsoideus. Upper calyx-tooth ovate ; lower small, acute . 61. C. Marquesii. Herbs. Leaves oblong ...... . 62. C. aconiUJlorus. Leaves oblong-lanceolate .... . 63. C. Briquetii. JiCaves pubescent beneath .... . 64. C. montanus. Leaves clothed with white tomentum beneath . 65. C. leucophyllus. Leaves ovate-oblong . 66. C. membranaceus. Leaves ovate. Calyx very small ..... . 67. C. medio wianuH. Coleus.] cii. LABiAT.E (baker). 425 Calyx inedinm-sized {^-^ in. long). Leaves small. Lower calyx-teeth small. Corolla very small . 68. C. etevaldianus. Corolla ^ in. long . 69. C. concinnus. Lower calyx-teeth large. Annual 70. C. fenuicnulis. Perennial 71. C. cunenensis. Leaves medium-sized (l|-3 in. long). Leaves glabrescent on both sides . 72. C. viriJis. Leaves subglabrous above pubescent below . 73. C. shirensis. Leaves pubescent on both sides . 74. C. scandeufi. Leaves glabrous above, pubescent and gland- dotted beneath 75. C. dlssitiflorus. Leaves large. Leaves glabrous . 76. C. Preussii. Leaves pubescent 77. C. punctatiis. 1. C. aquaticus, Gilrke in Knyl. JaJtrb. xix. 218. A perennial herb, with stems 1 i-2 ft. long, glabrescent below, clothed upwards with long spreading glandular hairs. Leaves shortly petioled or subsessile, ovate, membranous, 2-8 in. long, 1-1^- in. broad, acute, narrowed to the base, serrate, quite glabrous on both sides. Panicle racemose, simple, terminal ; whorls 8-10-flowered, the lower remote ; pedicels J— J in. long, clothed like the axis and calyx with long spread- ing glandular hairs ; bracts ovate, acute. Flower-calyx J-J in. long ; upper tooth ovate-lanceolate, acute; edges not decurrent ; lateral rather shorter, lanceolate, acute; lowest as long as the upper, lanceolate, acuminate. Mozamb. JJlst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, 5000-7500 ft., I'olkpm, 583, 860. 2. C. glandulosus, Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 211. A branched herb, with erect pubescent slender stems r)-6 ft. long. Leaves sessile or nearly sessile, ovate, crenate, pubescent, not at all fleshy, densely gland-dotted, 1-li in. long. Panicles racemose, of few distant many- flowered globose whorls ; bracts small, foliaceous ; pedicels short. Fruit-calyx \ in. long, pilose ; upper tooth ovate ; 4 lower narrow, acute. Corolla \-\ in. long ; lips nearly or quite as long as the tube. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. ;)(;i. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Cameroon Mountain, 2500 7000 ft., Mann, 1301! 1988! o. C. eduliSy Vatke in Linna^a, xxxvii. 'Mi). A perennial herb, with the root-fibres thickened at the end into oblong tubers. Stems herbaceous, erect, pubescent, 2-;> ft. long, simple or slightly branched. Leaves sessile, oblong, membranous, crenate, slightly pubescent, M-G in. long. Whorls many-flowered, remote, forming a simple terminal race- mose panicle 5-6 in. long ; pedicels pubescent, longer than the calyx. 42G cii. LABiAT.'E (baker). [Coleus. Calyx pubescent, J-J in. long ; upper tooth ovate, as lon^ as the tube ; lower lanceolate-deltoid. Corolla above J in. long ; lower lip deeply concave, oblong-navicular, nearly as long as the tube. — N. E, Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 11. C. tuherosas, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 185 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. ?>60, non Benth. C. palust7'is and C. rivularis, Yatke, 1. c. Xlle Xiand. Abyssinia : Begeraeder ; near Gafat, 8200 ft., Schimper, 1X72 ! 1212 ! in marshes at Jau Meda, 8400 ft., Schimper^ 1186 ! Province of 8hire, near Kouaieta, Quartin-JDillon ; in the province of Godjani, Quartin- Dillon ; and without precise locality, Parkyns ! 4. C. Kilimandschariy Giirke in Eiujl. llochgeblrgsfl. Trop. Afr. 359. A perennial, with branchlets villous when young, pubes- cent when mature. Leaves subsessile or shortly petioled, thick, jfleshy, ovate-cune^ate, deeply crenate, the lower 3-4 in. long, 2 in. broad, very hairy, canescent below. Panicles racemose, very long \ whorls remote, subglobose, 0-10-flowered, Calyx densely clothed with white hairs ; throat villous inside ; upper tooth ovate ; lower lanceo- late-subulate. l^ozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, at Marangu, 4900 ft., Volkens, 427 ! Meyer, 377, and in forest at about 8000 ft., Meyer, 116. 5. C. comosus, Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 183. An undershrub, with a woody main stem and short densely pubescent branches. Leaves sessile, obovate-cuneate, thick, fleshy, pubescent, crenate in the upper half ; whorls aggregated into a short dense ter- minal spicate panicle ; bracts small, orbicular, foliaceous ; pedicels obsolete. Calyx hispid, \ in. long ; tube campanulate ; upper tooth small, ovate; lower lanceolate. Corolla nearly 1 in. long; tube very short ; lower lip very large, deeply concave. — Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 212; C. sjncatus, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 71, ex parte. C. caninns^ Vatke in Linnsea, xxxvii. 318 (excl. syn. Both); Engl. Hochgebirgsfl^ Trop. Afr. 359. Nile I.and. Eritrea : Cliagali, 3200 ft., Schiveinfurih Sf Riva, 1071 ! near Acrur, 6000 ft., SchweinfuHh Sf Riva, 1339! Near Aidereso, 4O0Oft., Schwein- furth ^ Riva, 2202! Abyssinia: Tigre ; Mount Semayatsi, 8000 ft., Schimper^ 622. Mount Erareta, 11,300 ft., Schimper • Mount Aber, near Jenausa, Schimper, 1328, in the province of Shire, Quartin- Billon ; near Wadela Village in south-east Abyssinia, Steudner, 1422, and without precise locality, Schimper, 63 I G. C. salagensis, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 220. Boot tuberous. Stems branched, pubescent, 1-2 ft. long. Leaves long-petioled, mem- branous, ovate, 2-3 in. long, 1—1 J in. broad, acute, narrowed to the base, nearly or quite glabrous on both sides, gland-dotted. Panicles racemose, lax, terminal; w^horls G-10-flowered ; bracts ovate ; pedicels J-J in. long. Calyx pubescent, naked inside at the throat; upper tooth round-ovate, acute ; edges not decurrent ; lateral very short, round. Coleus.] cii. LABIATE (baker). 427 obtuse; lower acuminate, connate, shorter than the upper. Corolla blue, J-J in. long. Upper Guinea. Togoland : near Bisciarckburg, Kling, 199, Biittner, 94, 690. This is known as the " Salaga Potato " by the colonists. 7. C. elatus. Baker. A herb 5-G ft. high, with pubescent stems. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong, acute, crenate, membranous, nearly glabrous, 6 in. long, narrowed very gradually into a narrow wing to the petiole. Panicles racemose, very lax, simple, axillary and terminal, the end one reaching 8-9 in. long ; whorls distant, many-flowered, pedicels short. Fruit-calyx J in. long; upper tooth ovate; lateral small cusps, lower large cusps. Corolla red, ^ in. long ; lower lip deeply concave, as long as the tube. Vpper Guinea. Fernando Po, 2000 ft., Mann, 584 I laO'wer Guinea. Gaboon : Sierra del Crystal, Mann, 1661 ! 8. C. mwenzoriensis. Baker. Stem slender, erect, pubescent. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, 2-3 in. long, acute, not cordate at the base, deeply crenate, membranous, thinly hairy on both surfaces. Panicles racemose, simple, very lax, axillary and terminal, the end one 6 in. long ; lower whorls 6-8-flowered ; pedicels pubescent, ^-^ in. long ; bracts small, ovate. Fruit-calyx glabrescent, i in. long ; tube cam- panulate; upper tooth ovate-lanceolate, longer than the tube ; 4 lower as long, lanceolate-cuspidate. Corolla lilac, J in. long ; lower lip as long as the tube. TTlle Iiand. British East Africa : Ruwenzori, in forest shade, 8000-10,000 ft., Scott-Mliot, 7556 ! 7798 ! 9. C. decurrens^ GUrke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 215. Stems pubes- cent, 3-4 ft. long. Leaves petioled, oblong, membranous, 4-5 in. long, 2-2J in. broad, acute or acuminate, decurrent at the base, serrate, glabrous. Panicles racemose, branched at the base ; whorls distant, 6-8-flowered ; cymes sessile ; bracts lanceolate ; pedicels short, clothed, like the axis and calyx, with dense pubescence. Flower-calyx \-\ in. long, naked at the throat inside ; upper tooth orbicular, obtus^e ; margins scarcely decurrent ; lateral teeth deltoid, acuminate ; lower pair lanceo- late-subulate, longer than the upper. Corolla bright yellow. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : by the side of a brook, near Huea, 3000 ft., Freuss, 948. 10. C. leptophyllus. Baker. Stems long, erect, slender, fragile, slightly pubescent. Leaves petioled, oblong, membranous, deeply crenate, nearly glabrous, cuneate at the base, 5-6 in. long, 2^-'.> in. broad at the middle. Panicles racemose, lax, 6 in. long ; flowers usually 2 in a whorl ; pedicels erecto-patent, | in. long. Flower-calyx i in. long ; fruit-calyx J in. ; upper tooth ovate, shorter than the oblong tube; 4 lower as long, lanceolate. Corolla h in. long ; lower lip as long as the tube. wile Z.and. British East Africa; collected in a journey Iroin Kibi to the Gulla Country, Wakefield ! 428 cii. LABIATE (baker). [Colei(s. 11. C. Dupuisii, Briquet in Bull. Soc, Bot. Jklg. xxxvii. 70. A branched herb, with shortly pubescent quadrangular stems. Leaves shortly petioled^ elliptic or suborbicular, ^-1 in. long, obtuse, crenate, dull gieen on both surfaces, with scattered crisped hairs above, glandu- lar-pubescent beneath. Panicle racemose, 8-4 in. long, lax except at the apex ; whorls many-flowered ; pedicels -^^ in. long ; bracts oblong. Fruit-calyx -J in. long, pubescent ; teeth as long as the tube ; upper ovate ; lower acuminate. Corolla protruding |-J in. from the throat of the calyx; lower lip ^^-^ in. long. — De Wild, ct Dur. 111. Fl. Congo, i. t. 2G. ZiO'wer Guinea. Lower Congo : forest of Mayombe, Dupvift. \2. C. Dewevrei, Briquet in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 71. A tall herb, with pubescent branches. Leaves shortly petioled, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 1-2J in. long, obtuse, regularly and closely crenate, shortly pubescent above, slightly pubescent on the main ribs beneath. Panicle racemose, lax, 4-5 in. long ; whorls many-flowered ; bracts small, ovate, deciduous; pedicels ^V-J in. long. Calyx finally J in. long ; upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube ; lower acuminate. Corolla blue, protruding \ from the throat of the calyx ; lower lip \ in. long. Xiower Guinea. Congo, Deicevre, 1092a. 13. C. assurgenSy Baker. A perennial, with a decumbent base and long ascending simple or branched slightly pubescent fragile stems. Leaves petioled, broad ovate, cienate, membranous, obscurely pubescent, ]|-2 in. long. Panicles racemose, long, lax, axillary and terminal, the end one 4-G in. long; lower whorls 12-15-flowered ; pedicels reaching J-J in. long. Fruit-calyx ^ in. long ; upper lip ovate, shorter than the tube ; 4 lower lanceolate, as long as the upper. Corolla above h in. long ; lower lip as long as the tube. Iflle DLanda Abyssinia : Eegemeder, Schimper ! Habit of C. laiifolius, Hochst. 14. C. Penzigiiy Dammann in Gartenfi. 1892, 525. A perennial herb, with stoutish steme, clothed with fine spreading white hairs. Leaves ovate, crenate, membranous, finely hairy, especially below, nar- rowed suddenly to a petiole which is winged down to the base, the lower 8-4 in. long. Whorls simple, lax, 8-flowered, forming a lax long race- mose panicle ; bracts small, deciduous ; pedicels unequal, hairy, the longest \-\ in. long Calyx \ in. long ; tube campanulate, very hairy; teeth deltoid, longer than the tube, the two lateral ones smaller than the others. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx ; lower lip deeply cymbiform, bright lilac, \ in. long. Stamens included in the low^er lip. — Gard. Chron. xiv. (1893) 61G ; Notizb. Konig. bot. Gart. Berlin, 1895, 7. wile Xiand. Eritrea: Chagali, 3200 ft, Schweinfurth 15. C. buUulatus, Briquet in Bull. Soc. Bot. Behj. xxxvii. CD. Stem thinly clothed with short crisped pubescence. Leaves petioled, ovate, 1-2 in. long, acute, rounded at the base, crenate, pubescent on both surfaces, bullate. Cymes subsessile, forming a lax racemose panicle 5-0 in. long ; pedicels tinally J-^ in. long ; bracts deciduous. Flower- calyx I in. long ; upper tooth broadly ovate, with decurrent edges ; lateral small, obtuse ; lower lip broad, membranous, emarginate. Corolla protruded J in. from the throat of the calyx ; tube declinate : lower lip \ in. long. Stamens not exserted. — Solenostemon biUlatnfi, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 180. Soutli Central. Congo Free State : Lunda ; Lulun Uivor, Pofjife, 356. 16. C. lanuginosuSy IIochst.\ Benth. in DC. Frod. xii. 70. Root bearing small tubers. Stem long, erect, branched, fragile, pubescent. Leaves petioled, ovate, membranous, crenate, densely pubescent, 2-8 in. long. Panicle racemose, long, lax, simple, axillary and terminal, the end one 0-8 in. long ; whorls many-flowered : pedicels as long as the fruit- calyx. Fruit-calyx densely hairy, \ in. long ; upper tooth large, ovate, 4 lower large, lanceolate. Corolla J in. long ; lower lip as long as the tube. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, u. 184; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 137; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 300; N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 11. C. albidus, Vatke in Linnaea, xxxvii. 321 ; Engl. 1. c. 3(51. Xrile Iiand. Eritrea : Saganeiti, on the north side towards .Selet, 6500-7100 ft., Sckiveinfurtk ^ Riva, 1184- ! Abyssinia: Tigre ; new Adowa, Schimper, 1915! Aniba Sea, 6500 ft., Schimper, 251 ; Begemeder ; Mettaro, 800 ft., Schimper, 317 \ near Magdala, Sfeudner, 1391 ; Mount Erareta, 11,700 ft., Schimper; Aman Eski, Schimper^ 342 ; Samen ; Ghaba, Steudner, 1391 ; province of Shire, Quart in- Dillon ; and witliout precise locality, Quart in- Dillon Sf Petit, 3 ! British East Africa : Unyoro, Speke Sf Grant, 588 ! 17. C. trichophorus. Briquet in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ii. 130. A dwarf little- branched herb. Stems very hairy, creeping at the base, then suddenly ascending. Leaves ovate, obtuse, 2-3 in. long, rounded at the base, membranous, crenate-dentate, with scattered short hairs on both sides. Panicle racemose, 5-0 in. long; whorls distant ; pedicels \-\ in. long, glandular-pubescent; bracts deciduous. Calyx campanulate, at first J in., finally J in. long ; tube very villous ; teeth subulate, as long as the tube. Corolla \-\ in. longer than the calyx. Nile Iiand. Abyssinia: Aman Eski Mountain, 6500 ft., Schimper, 342 of 1854 collection. Near C. lanuginosus, Hochst. 18. Cobarbatus, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 71. An erect perennial 2-4 ft. high, with woody main stems and pubescent branches. Leaves petioled, ovate or oblong, obtuse, crenate, cuneate at the base, 1-4 in. long, very pubescent on both sides. Panicle racemose, lax, simple, J-1 ft. long; whorls many-flowered; pedicels hairy, pubescent, reaching 1 in. long ; bracts ovate-cuspidate, pubescent, deciduous. Fruit-calyx \ in. 430 CII. LABIATyE (baker). [Cohus. long, pubescent, campanulate ; upper tooth suborbicular, mucronate, as long as the tube ; 4 lower small cusps. Corolla bright blue, J in. long ; lower lip as long as the tube. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 183 ; Wight, Ic. t. 1432 ; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 137 ; Hook, f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 625 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 359 ; N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 10. C. Forskohlii, var. adoensis, Briquet in Ann. Jard. Gen^v. ii. (1898) 235. Plectranthics barbatiis, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 594. Ocimum ciivereum, R. Br. in Salt, Abyss., App. 64. vile ILand. Nubia : Erkowit Mountain, near Suakin, Schiceinfurth, 229 ! Eritrea : Ginda, 3000 ft., Sehweinfurth, 390 ! Bogos ; Atirba, near Keren, Steudner, 1392 ! Lalasse Mountain, near Keren, Steudner, 1400. Abyssinia : Tigre ; near Adovva, Schimper, 333! Mount Sholoda, 7000 ft., Schimper, 284; province of Wojerat, Petit ! and without precise locality, Schimper, 502 ! Plowden ! British East Africa : Uganda ; in cultivated ground, Wilson, 124 ! AKozamb. 91st. (lerman East Africa : Unyamwezi ; Mininga, Speke Sf Qrant, 73 ! Also in Tropical Asia. Var. Schimperi, Baker. A low alpine form, with very woody main stems and shortly densely pubescent branches, leaves, and flowers. — C Schimperi, Vatke in Linnsea, xxxvii. 320; Engl. 1. c. 360. C. rupestris, llQch^X. in Schimp. PI. Abyss. No. 2172. Xrile Ziand. Abyssinia : Tigre ; summit of Mount Semayata, 9800 ft., Schimper, 618 ! and without precise locality, Schimper, 41 ! 19. C. gomphophyllus. Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 225. A perennial herb, with densely pubescent branchlets. Leaves petioled, obovate-cuneate, the lower lJ-2 in. long, shallowly crenate, membra- nous, densely pubescent on both surfaces. Panicles racemose, long, lax ; whorls ebracteate, 10-1 2- flowered; pedicels longer than the calyx. Calyx pubescent, finally \ in. long ; tube campanulate ; upper lip ovate, the others lanceolate-deltoid. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx ; upper lip small ; lower oblong, 4-5 lin. long. Stamens not exserted beyond the lower lip. irile Xtand* British Soraaliland : Golis range, Mrs. IE. Lort-Phillips ! 20. C. flavovirens, Gurke in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 347. Stem villous, with jointed hairs. Leaves petioled, lanceolate or oblong, narrowed to the base, acute, crenate, moderately thick, yellowish -green, pubescent and furnished with yellow glands on both surfaces. Panicles racemose, dense, terminal ; bracts ovate, acuminate, villous ; pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx accrescent, villous outside and at the throat inside ; upper tooth suborbicular, the others subulate, subequal. Corolla violet. BSozamb. Blst. Kilimanjaro : near Lake Chala, 3000 ft., Volkens, 1771. 21. C. Schinzii, Giirke in Bull. Herb. Boiss. vi. 555. A tall herb, with a- simple or slightly branched rather thick stem, clothed with long spreading hairs. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong or obovate, the lower Coleus.] cii. LABiAT/E (baker). 431 above 2 in. long, narrowed to the base, entire or obscurely toothed, fleshy, glabrescent or pubescent on both surfaces. Panicles racemose, long, simple ; whorls G-10-flowered ; bracts broad, acute, ciliate, projecting beyond the buds ; pedicels J lin. long. Fruit-calyx hispid, J- J in. long; throat villous inside ; upper tooth broadly ovate ; lower lanceolate- subulate. XiO\irer Guinea, (lerman South-west Africa : Arabo-laud, Schinz, 56. 22. C. decumbens, Gih-ke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 2\\. Perennial. Stems stoloniferous, decumbent at the base, pubescent. Leaves small thick, fleshy, petioled, the lower rhomboid-ovate, the upper ovate-lanceo- late, i-1 in. long, obtuse, narrowed to the base, deeply crenate-dentate, pubescent on both sides. Panicles racemose, dense, terminal and in the axils of the upper leaves ; flowers few in a whorl ; bracts broadly ovate, obtuse, fleshy, deciduous ; pedicels pubescent, J in. long. Calyx sub- hispid ; throat hairy inside ; upper tooth round, apiculate, \ in. long, the edges scarcely decurrent; the others subequal, lanceolate-deltoid, ciliate. Corolla-tube bent down ; lower lip violet, much narrowed to the base ; upper blue outside, white and spotted inside. irile Xiand. British East Africa : Duruma district, near Txamtei, Hildehrandt , 2320. Kflozaml). X>ist. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro ; on the stony ridge of the crater at Lake Chala, 3000 ft., Volkens, 327 ! 23. C. tetensis. Baker. A perennial herb, with short slender ascending, slightly pubescent stems. Leaves small, fleshy, aromatic, ovate-cuneate, crenate, slightly pubescent. Panicles spicate, simple, 1-3 in. long, moderately dense; pedicels obsolete. Fruit-calyx \ in. long, slightly pubescent ; tube campanulate ; upper tooth orbicular, mucronate, longer than the tube ; 4 lower as long, lanceolate. Corolla \ in. long. Mozamb. 3>lst» Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; near Tete> Kirk ! 24. C. vestitns, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 224. A perennial herb, with branchlets densely clothed tvith white spreading hairs. Leaves petioled, ovate, 1-1 J in. long, crenate, moderately thick, densely pubescent on both surfaces. Panicles racemose, long, lax ; whorls 5-6- flowered ; pedicels as long as the calyx ; bracts small, ovate, foliaceous. Calyx pubescent, finally i— ^ in. long ; tube campanulate ; teeth as long as the tube; upper ovate, the others lanceolate. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx; upper lip small, orbicular; lower oblong-unguiculate, J-J in. long. Stamens as long as the lower lip. wile ]Land. British Somaliland ; Golis range, 3000 ft., Mi^s Edith Cole! Mrs. Lort- Phillips ! 25. C. speciosuSy Baker f. in Journ. Bot. 1899, 64. A perennial herb. Stem covered with white hairs. Leaves distinctly petioled, thick, fleshy, oblong or ovate-oblong, 2-3 in. long including the petiole, 432 cii. LABIATE (baker). [Poleus. serrate or crenate, narrowed to the base, hairy on both surfaces. Panicles racemose, long; whorls Tj-O-flowered, the lower nearly 1 in. apart; pedicels glandular-hairy, J- J in. long ; bracts ovate. Calyx in fruit J in. long; upper tooth ovate, acuminate; lower lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla purple, nearly 1 in. long ; tube longer than the calyx; upper lip small, reflexed ; lower much larger. Stamens included in the lower lip of the corolla. Urile Iiand. liritish Sonialiland : Waggar Mountains, Mrs. E. Lort-Phillips. 20. C. Schweinfurthii, Baker. An erect perennial herb, with densely pilose stem. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, 1-1 2 io- long, thick bub not fleshy, obscurely crenate, not cordate at the base, densely pilose on both surfaces. Panicles racemose, simple, very lax, sometimes 1 ft. long ; pedicels pubescent, ^-J in. long. Fruit-calyx pubescent, \ in. long ; tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube ; lower lanceolate, not longer. Corolla h ^^- loi^g ; lower lip longer than the tube. Stamens not exserted. Wile Ziand. Eritrea : Magod Valley, 4o00 ft., Schweinfurth ^- Riva, 1810! 27. C. petersianus, Vatke in Linmm., xl. 180. An erect perennial herb 2 ft. high, with stems glandular-villous upwards. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, shortly acuminate, subacute, crenate, reticulato-rugose, 2 in. long, above 1 in. broad, broadly rounded at the base, subglabrous above, hairy on the veins beneath. Panicles racemose, long, simple ; whorls lax, 12-flowered ; pedicels long, spreading; bracts deciduous. Calyx declinate, pubescent ; upper tooth ovate, subacute ; lateral minute, truncate ; lower short, acute, nearly cuneate to the tip. Corolla scaicely inflated at the throat. XMCozamb. Sist. Portuguese East Africa : Rio de Sena, in damp soil, Peterf^. Near C. scufellarioides, Bentli. (Bot. Mag. t. 1446.) 28. C. tricholobus, Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 220. Stems pubescent. Leaves broadly ovate, shortly petioled, fleshy, 1-1 1 in. long and nearly as broad, obtuse, narrowed to the petiole, deeply serrate, densely tomentose on both sides. Panicles racemose, long ; whorls 0-1 0- flowered ; pedicels short, pubescent. Calyx densely hairy and glandular- pubescent ; upper tooth lanceolate, acute ; edges not decurrent ; lateral nearly twice as long (I in.), subulate; lower shorter than the lateral, subulate. Corolla-tul3e detiexed. Mozamb. Slst. German East Afric.i : Usambara ; on lulls near Mlalo, Hoist, 455. 21>. C. cceruleus, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 217. Stem rooting at the base, glabrescent below, pubescent above. Leaves shortly petioled, broad, ovate, fleshy, 2-o in. long, obtuse oi- subacute, narrowed to the base, deeply serrate, glabrous or pubescent on both sides. Panicles racemose, lax, terminal ; whorls 0-10-flowered, sessile, simple; bracts oblong-hnceolate ; pedicels as long as the calyx. Caljx pubescent, Coleus.] cii. LABIATE (baker). 438 1 in. long; upper tooth round-ovate, apiculate ; edgefe not decurrent ; lateral teeth lanceolate, as long as the upper ; lower longer, lanceolate, very acuminate. Corolla blue, more than twice the length of the calyx. lVXozaiiib> Dist. (ierman Kast Africa : Usauibara ; Kwa M.slmzii, 2()0() ft., Hoist, 8895 ! 30. C. Camporum, Gui-ke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 214. Stems ^-4 ft. long, glabrescent below, pubescent upwards. Leaves shortly petioled, fleshy, broadly ovate, 8-4 in. long, lJ-2^ in. broad, obtuse or subacute, narrowed to the base, irregularly and deeply crenate, pubescent above, tomentose below. Inflorescence racemose, simple, terminal ; whorls remote, 6-10-flowered ; bracts broadly ovate or orbicular, acuminate; pedicels J-J in. long, clothed, like the calyx and axis, with long spreading hairs. Fruit-calyx ^ in. long ; upper tooth round, obtuse ; edges slightly decurrent ; the other teeth subequal, rather shorter than the upper, lanceolate-deltoid, acute, the lateral pair rather broader than the lower pair, which are not connate. XMEozaxab. Dlst. German East Africa : at the foot of llhinoceros Hill, near the ford of the Pangani, 2500 ft., Volkens. 31. C. gymnostoxnus, Gurke in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 212. Perennial. Branches tomentose. Leaves distinctly petioled, thick, ovate, narrowed to the base, 2-2|- in. long, 1 J-2 in. broad, obtuse or acuminate, crenate, subtomentose on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, terminal only; whorls 6-10-flowered ; pedicels J in. long, clothed like the axis with spreading whitish hairs. Calyx \ in. long ; tube broad, short, tomentose outside, naked within ; upper tooth orbicular-cuspidate, with shortly decurrent edges ; the others lanceolate, acuminate. Mozamb. I>lst. German East Africa : without precise locality, Fischer, 333. 32. C. Welwitschii, Briquet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 185. A shrub, with trailing woody main stems and pubescent ascending branches. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, with a cuneate base, obtuse, crenate, densely pubescent, 1-1 J in. long. Inflorescence racemose, long, la.x, simple; whorls globose, many-flowered ; pedicels short ; bracts ovate, acuminate, protruding beyond the young flowers. Flower-calyx | in. long ; tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube ; lower tooth ovate, much shorter. Corolla \-\ in. long ; lower lip as long as the tube. Xiower Guinea. Angola : province of Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5585 ! 5589 ! 33. C. cuneatus, Baker f. in Journ. Bot. 1890, G4. Stems erect, woody, clothed with red or fulvous pubescence. Leaves shortly petioled, cuneate or cuneate-ovate, i-H in. long, coriaceous, serrate or crenate upwards, entire near the" base, minutely buUate beneath. Whorls simple ; lower nearly 1 in. apart ; pedicels pubescent, longer tliaii the flower-calyx. Calyx hairy; upper tooth ovate, acute; lower triangular, 434 cii. LABiAT.E (baker). [Coleus. acuminate. Corolla hairy ; tube longer than the flower-calyx ; upper lip recurved ; lower navicular, J-J in. long. Stamens as long as or longer than the lower lip of the corolla. Xlle land. British Somalilaml : Waggar Mountains, Mrs. Lort-Fhillips. 34. C. amboinicuSy Lour., var. violaceus, Gilrke in Evgl. Jahrh. xix. 210. Stems shrubby at the base ; branches thick, fleshy, pubescent. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, acute, 1-2 in. long, rounded at the base, crenate, pubescent on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, long, lax, simple ; whorls many-flowered ; pedicels short ; bracts ovate, acuminate. Calyx small, pubescent, campanulate, scarcely accrescent ; upper tooth ovate-oblong, the others setaceous. Corolla violet or blue-violtt, ^ in. long. — C. aromaticuSy Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 72 ; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1520 ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 625 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 865. JiO^rer Guinea. Angola : Loanda, Welwitsch, 5556 ! Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro ; on the ridge of the crater at Lake Chahi, 3000 ft., VolJcens, 321 ! Usambara ; at the foot of Rhinoceros Hill, by the ford of the Pangani, 2600 ft., Volkens, 487. Also Tropical Asia. 35. C. umbrosus, Vatke in Liniuea, xliii. 91. A shrub, with woody stems and pubescent branchlets. Leaves petioled, ovate, acute, crenate, membranous, nearly glabrous, 2-3 in. long. Panicle racemose, moderately dense, the end branch 5-6 in. long ; whorls few-flowered ; pedicels very short. Fruit-calyx J in. long; tube curved, campanu- late, very gibbous on the lower side, pubescent, strongly ribbed ; upper tooth ovate-lanceolate, shorter than the tube ; 4 lower teeth large linear- subulate cusps. Corolla nearly 1 in. long ; lower lip deeply concave, as long as the tube. — Dew^vre in Comptes rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxiii. 105. M'ile Iiand. Hritish East Africa : Taita ; Ndara, Hildehrandt, 2424, and at Mwatate, 2000 ft., Johnston ! Ukamba ; Kitui, Hildehrandt, 2743 ! Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Usambara ; Kwa Mshuza, Hoist, 9159 ! Kilimanjaro ; at Kwa Ngowe, Volkens, 357 ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Blantyre, Descamps. 36. C. Mahoniiy Baker. A shrub with finely pubescent slender branchlets. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, 2-3 in. long, acute, cuneate at the base, distinctly crenate, membranous, green and nearly glabrous above, paler and finely pubescent beneath. Inflorescence i-ace- mose, simple, lax ; whorls 3-4-flowered ; pedicels \-^ in. long ; bracts foliaceous, as long as the pedicels. Calyx \ in. long, nearly glabrous ; tube campanulate; teeth lanceolate, unequal, as long as the tube. Corolla lilac, J in. long ; tube cylindrical ; lips much shorter than the tube. Stamens shortly exserted. Mozamb. Blst. British Central Africa: Nyasaland, Mahon ! Described from a living plant raised from seeds sent by Mr". J. Mahon, which flowered at Kew in December, 1899. 37. C. maranguensis, Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 216. A shrub, with hairy branchlets. Leaves long-petioled, membranous^ suborbicular Cokus.] cii. LABIATE (baker). 435 or broadly ovate, 1-2 in. long, subobtuse, narrowed to the base, serrate^ clothed with ad pressed hairs on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, long, terminal ; whorls remote, lax, few-flowered ; pedicels J- J in. long, clothed, like the axis and calyx, with very long fine glandular hairs ; bracts ovate. Calyx J in. long; throat naked inside; upper tooth ovate, acute ; edges shortly decurrent ; other teeth lanceolate, acute. Corolla- tube deflexed ; lower lip long, boat-shaped. AKozamb. X>ist> Gennun East Africa : Kiliiniuijaro ; near Marangu, 5000 ft., Volkens, 630. 38. C. igniarius, Schiueinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 121. Shrubby, with thick terete woody branches, without leaves at the time of flower- ing. Leaves petioled, broadly ovate, subacute, deeply crenate, 2 in. long, subglabrous above, pubescent beneath. Whorls 3-5, approximate ; lowest lO-15-flowered ; pedicels pubescent, finally 1 in. long. Calyx Y2 ill- long ; tube campanulate ; upper tooth ovate ; lower teeth shorter, deltoid-cuspidate. Corolla above \ in. long. Stamens longer than the lower lip, recurved. Nile Z.and. Eritrea: Arrot Valley, 4300 ft., Schxoeinfurth cf Rita, 1122! 1398 ! Abyssinia : on mountains near Dehli-Dikeno, 4000 ft., Schimper. Introduced into cultivation by Dr. Schweinfurth in 1894. 39. C, ^ixiA.2iriXiSy Schweinf. PL Abyss. Sept. Exsicc. No. 214:^. An undershrub, with pubescent woody branchlets. Leaves produced after the flowers, distinctly petioled, ovate, 2 in. long, irregularly crenate, not cordate at the base, rather fleshy, green and thinly pubescent on both surfaces. Inflorescence racemose, lax, moderately long (the end branch 5-6 in. long) ; whorls umbellate, many-flowered ; pedicels slender, rigid, erecto-patent, pubescent, finally |-| in. long. Fruit- calyx pubescent, ^ in. long; tube campanulate; upper tooth ovate; lower rather longer, lanceolate-cuspidate. Corolla | in. long; lower lip as long as the tube. Stamens as long as the lower lip. Nile Iiand. Eritrea : in the great valley of Ginda, 3000-4200 ft., Schwein- furth, 2149 ! 40. C. Malinvaldi, Briquet in Ann. Jard. Geuer. ii, (1808) 240. A shrub, destitute of leaves at the flowering time, with divaricate branches and brown bark. Leaves distinctly petioled, broadly ovate, subobtuse, 1-2 in. long, fleshy, obscurely toothed, green and pubescent on both sides. Whorls 6-l()-flowered, 2-6 in a racemose panicle ; pedicels long, finely pubescent ; bracts minute, deciduous. Calyx campanulate, | in. long in flower; upper lip ovate, obscurely cuspidate, not decurrent; lower teeth deltoid-cuspidate. Corolla h in. longer than the calyx ; lower lip J in. long. — Flectranthvs Malinvaldi, Briquet in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ii. 125. wile Iiand. Abyssinia : at Dehli-Dikeno, 3500-4CC0 ft., Schimper, 529 of 1854 collection. 436 cii. LABiAT.E (baker). [Coleus. 41. C. xnaculatus, Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 210. A shrub with hairy branches. Leaves distinctly petioled, broadly ovate or sub- rhomboid, J3- 4 in. long, 2-.'> in. broad, narrowed to a short petiole, obtuse, irregularly and deeply crenate, subtomentose on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, very long ; whorls remote, G-10- flowered ; bracts ovate, subobtuse ; pedicels \ in. long, like the axis and calyx clothed with long spreading hairs. Fruit-calyx 1 in. long ; tube short ; throat densely hairy inside ; upper tooth ovate, acute, with flat shortly decurrent edges ; the others lanceolate. Corolla bhie ; tube bent down ; lower lip long. IVSozamb. Sist. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro ; near Marangn, 5000 ft., I'olkens, 429. 42. C. aulihanensis, Schioeinf. c& Volk. Liste PL Somalis, 12. A shrub 7-8 ft. hi^h, with fleshy rather thick branches, without leaves at the time of flowering. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, subsessile, glanduloso-villous ; whorls 4-5, approximate, 8-flowered ; flowers strongly scented; pedicels J-| in. long. Calyx finally J in. long; upper tooth broadly ovate ; lower subulate. Corolla above 1 in. long ; lower lip large, acute, villous. Stamens as long as the lower lip. xrile ^and. Somaliland : in the country of the Aulihan tribe, Ghika. Near C. igniarius, Schweinf. 43. C. lasianthus, Gierke in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 212. Perennial. Stems villous. Leaves unknown. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, dense ; bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, sessile, obtuse, villous, thick, nearly J in. long ; pedicels adpressed to the axis, villous, shorter than the calyx. Calyx \ in. long, villous outside and at the throat inside ; tube broad, short ; upper tooth round-apiculate, the edges scarcely decurrent ; the rest subequal, deltoid, acute. Corolla-tube curved ; lower lip much narrowed to the base. Mozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Irangi district, Fischer, 507. Allied to C. comosus and C. decumbens. 44. C. longipetiolatus, Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xix. .214. An undershrub, with pubescent branchlets. Leaves long-petioled, ovate- elliptic, 4-5 in. long, 2-3 in. broad, acute, narrowed to the base, deeply serrate, ciliate, glabrous except on the principal ribs. Inflorescence racemose, lax, terminal and in the axils of the upper leaves ; whorls few- flowered; bracts small, linear; pedicels J-J in. long, clothed like the axis with brown pubescence. Fi-uit-calyx \ in. long ; tube short, broad ; upper tooth deltoid-ovate, acuminate ; edges scarcely decurrent ; lateral teeth lanceolate- deltoid, acuminate ; lowest lanceolate, acuminate, connate downwards. Corolla-tube bent down ; lower lip long, cymbi- form. Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Usambara ; at Kwa Mshuza, 5000 ft., HoUf, 9076 ! Near C. garckeanus, Vatke. Coleus.'] cii. LABiAT/E (bakeu). 437 45. C. orbicularis. Baker. A shrub 4 ft. high. Stems stout, woody, densely pubescent. Leaves petioled, orbicular, fleshy, crenate, slightly pubescent, 8-4 in. long and broad. Panicle racemose ; branches few, dense, the end one 5-6 in. long ; rhachis densely villous ; cymes many-flowered, slightly compound ; pedicels reaching \ in. long. Fruit- calyx J in. long, densely pubescent ; teeth small ; upper ovate ; lower lanceolate. Corolla hairy, ^ in. long. Xiower Guinea. Angola : province of Benguella, Welwitsch, 5619 ! 4G. C. latifolius, Ilochst. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 71 Root tuberous, Stems erect, simple, fragile, pubescent, 1 ft. long. Leaves petioled, ovate, acute, crenate, membranous, pubescent, 1-3 in. long, cuneate at the base. Inflorescence racemose, lax, simple, 4-6 in. long ; cymes sessile, many-flowered, dense, slightly compound ; pedicels as long as the calyx. Fruit-calyx J in. long ; tube campanulate ; upper tooth large, ovate ; lateral shorter, orbicular ; 2 lower acute, connate high up. Corolla J in. long ; lower lip longer than the tube. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 184; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 361. liflle Ziand. Abyssinia : Samen ; in fissures of rocks near Gapdia, 4000-7000 ft., Schimper, 825! Gafta, Schimper, 1228! Begemeder ; near Sanka Berr, 7500 ft., Schimper, 1225 ! In the province of Shire, Quartin- Dillon, and without precise locality, Schimper, 645 ! Var. madiensis, Baker. Stems branched. Leaves smaller, truncate at the base. Cymes laxer. Calyx smaller. — C. latifolius, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 137. Wile Iiand. British East Africa : Madi, common, Speke Sf Q-rant! Perhaps a species distinct from the Abyssiniaa plant. 47. C. dysentericus, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1894, 10. Root globose, tuberous. Stem short, stout, erect, glabrous. Leaves petioled, fleshy, oblong, obtuse, shallowly crenate, glabrous, 1-2 in. long, narrowed very gradually to the petiole. Inflorescence racemose, very lax, 3-5 in. long ; whorls distant, globose, sessile, shghtly compressed ; pedicels short, pubescent. Flower-calyx yV in. long, pubescent ; tube campanu- late ; upper tooth large, ovate ; lower teeth small, deltoid. Corolla \ in. long, hairy outside. Upper Guinea. Lagos : Yoruba, Barter, 846 ! Cultivated and used in cases of dysentery under the name of " Krodyn." 48. C. nervosus. Briquet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 185. A tall herb, with ascending pilose branches. Leaves petioled, oblong, H-2 in. long, subobtuse, narrowed to the base, regularly crenate, green on both surfaces, pubescent especially beneath. Inflorescence racemose, 2-4 in. long; cymes nearly sessile; pedicels very short; bracts deciduous. Calyx in flower h lin., in fruit ^-J in. long ; upper tooth ovate; lateral teeth small ; lower lanceolate, connate downwards. Corolla protruding \ in. from the throat of the calyx ; upper lip small, minutely 3-lobed ; lower J in. long. Stamens included. Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Kasongo; near the Lomami Kiver, Pogge, 1034. VOL. v. ^ 438 cii. LABiATiE (bakek). [Coleus. 49. C. poggeanuSy Briquet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 182. A tall herb, with slightly pilose brauches. Leaves dibtinctly petioled, broadly ovate, above 1 in. long, acute, rounded at the base, regularly crenate, green and subglabrous on both surfaces. Inflorescence racemose. 6 in. long, lax downwards ; lower cymes very shortly peduncled ; pedicels yV-J in. long ; bracts lanceolate, more or less persivStent. Fruit-caiyx \ in. long; upper tooth ovate, shortly decurrent; lateral teeth truncate ; lower acuminate. Corolla protruding J in. from the throat of the calyx ; upper lip very small ; lower J in. long. Stamens not exserted. Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Lunda ; Mussumba, Pogge, 364. 50. C. silvaticus, Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 213. Stems erect, branched, glabrous. Leaves shortly petioled, membranous, ovate, 1-1^ in. long, rounded or narrowed at the base, acuminate, deeply serrate, glabrous above, pubescent when young beneath. Inflorescence race- mose, branched ; whorls remote, 8-14-flowered ; cymes sessile or shortly peduncled ; pedicels \~\ in. long, pubescent like the axis. Upper tooth of the calyx round-ovate, obtuse ; edges slightly decurrent ; lateral teeth shorter, oblong, obtuse or cuspidate ; lower very long (J in.) subulate, connate downwards. SCozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Usambara ; on the border of the forest of tall trees. Hoist, 3704, 3708. 51. C. floribundus. Baker. An erect perennial herb, with shortly pubescent stems. Leaves sessile, ovate, acuminate, deeply crenate, membranous, pubescent, those at the base of the panicle 2 in. long. Inflorescence a lax ample panicle, above 1 ft. long, with ascending branches, slightly compound downwards ; pedicels i^2~i ^°- ^^^^j densely pubescent. Flower-calyx densely pubescent, J in. long ; teeth sub- equal, as long as the campanulate tube. Corolla | in. long ; lower lip as long as the tube. xrile Xiand. Abyssinia : without precise locality, Schimper, 21 of 1863 collec- tion ! 52. C. garckeanns, Vatke in Linncea, xxxvii. 323. A tall herb, with erect fragile pubescent stems. Leaves long-petioled, ovate, acute, deeply crenate, membranous, 4-5 in. long, slightly hairy on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, lax, cylindrical, 1 ft. long; cymes many- flowered, distant, sessile, slightly compound ; pedicels pubescent, some- times J-| in. long. Flower- calyx J- J in. long ; upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube ; 4 lower teeth as long, lanceolate. Corolla nearly 1 in. long ; lower lip longer than the tube. — Engl. Hocharebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 361. wile Ziand. Abyssinia: Begemeder; in the valley of the River Reb and on the surrounding mountains, 7000-8000 ft., Schimper, 1193 ! 53. C. betonicoides. Baker. Stem erect, branched, shortly pubescent. Leaves long-petioled, ovate, crenate, cuneate at the base, not very thin, 1-2 in. long, pubescent on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, 8-9 in. long; wh^^rls distant, dense, globose, sessile, slightly Culeus.] cii. LABIATE (baker). 43i) compound ; pedicels reaching J in. long. Flower-calyx pubescent, J in. long ; upper tooth ovate, as long as the tube ; lateral teeth oblong, as long as the upper ; lower short, linear. Corolla J in. long ; lower lip as long as the tube. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 866. Iwow^er tiruiuea. Angola : province of Huilla, Welwitsch, 5612 ! 54. C. alpinus, Vatke in Liiiiioia^ xxxvii. 322. Stem 3 ft. long, herbaceous, erect, shortly pubescent. Leaves petioled, ovate, acuminate, crenate, 3-4 in. long, truncate at the base. Inflorescence racemose, dense upwards ; cymes shortly peduncled ; pedicels as long as the fruit- calyx. Calyx with an ovate upper tooth ; lower teeth short, lanceolate. Corolla 5 times the length of the calyx. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 361. irile ^axid. Abyssinia : Begenieder ; on mountains at Edda Jesus, near Debra Tabor, 9000 ft., Schimper. 55. C. Autraniy Briquet in Bull. Herb. Boies, ii. 129. An erect herb, with long simple stems, obscurely pubescent upwards. Leaves petioled, ovate, acute, crenate, membranous, 3-4 in. long, slightly hairy. Inflorescence racemose, long, dense upwards, lax in the lower half; whorls many-flowered, dense, sessile, slightly compound ; pedicels \ in. long. Flower-calyx pubescent, J in. long ; upper tooth ovate ; lower teeth short, broad. Corolla J in. long ; lower lip as long as the tube. Xffile Stand. Abyssinia : without precise locality, Schimper, 693 of 1853 col- lection ! 56. C. Scliweinrarthii) Vatke in Linncea, xxxvii. 323 in oba. Nearly allied to G. latifoliiis, from which it difiers by its creeping root- stock, in its leaves round-ovate, deeply crenate, truncate at the base, and in its densely softly villoso-lanate and longer pedicels. — Engl. Hoch- gebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 361. Wrile l^and. Eritrea : Habab ; on basaltic hills, 4500-7000 ft., Eiidehrandt, -i38. Abyssinia : Bellaka, 6000-7000 ft., Schimper. 57. C. repeus, Gierke in Engl. Jnhrh. xix. 213. Stems creeping at the base, rooting at the nodes, pubescent. Leaves long-petioled, membranous, suborbicular, J-1 in. long and broad, rounded or narrowed to the base, obtuse, deeply crenate, subglabrous or with a few adpressed hairs on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, very short ; whorls remote, 4-6-flowered ; cymes shortly stalked ; bracts ovate, subacute; pedicels \-\ in. long, pubescent like the calyx. Calyx naked inside at the throat, above J in. long in fruit ; upper tooth broadly ovate, obtuse, its edges not decurrent ; lateral teeth shorter, oblong, subacute ; lower very long, subulate; connate downwards. Corolla whitish, with a purple lower lip. Vpper dttinea. Cameroons : in forest near Buea, 4000 ft., Preuss, 949. 58. C. nyikensiSy Baker. A much-branched erect low under- shrub, with pubescent woody branches. Leaves contemporary with the flowers, shortly petioled, very small, ovate, obtuse, entire, not cordate 440 cii. LAB1AT.E (bakek). [Coleus. at the base, thick and rather fleshy, 5 -nerved from the base, pilose principally on the ribs beneath. Inflorescence racemose, dense, oblong, 1-1 J in. long; whorls many-flowered; cymes distinctly peduncled ; pedicels short, pubescent. Fruit-calyx pubescent, ^ in. long ; tube campanulate ; teeth small ; upper tooth ovate ; lower teeth not larger, lanceolate. Corolla pubescent, ^ in. long ; lower lip as long as the tube. Stamens included. Mozamb. Blst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Nyika Plateau, 6000- 7000 ft., JFhi/te ! 59. C. mirabilis, Briquet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 183. A tall shrub, with robust branches clothed with grey down. Leaves petioled, lanceo- late, 2-8 in. long, acute, narrowed to the base, regularly crenate, green and pubescent above, clothed with white tomentum beneath. Inflores- cence racemose, long ; whorls close, peduncled ; bracts chartaceous, ovate, acuminate,' imbricate in bud. Calyx violet, \ in. long in the flowering stage ; tube campanulate ; upper tooth lanceolate, the others short, ovate-lanceolate. Corolla dark blue, protruding above J in. from the throat of the calyx; lower lip Jin. long. Stamens included or shortly exserted. IiO'wer Guinea. Angola : at Lumsuneya Brook, between Malange and the River Kuango, Mechow ; in a swamp at Malange, Mechow, 489 ; in a moorland waste below Moma, near Malange, Buchner, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85. South Central. Congo Free State; Lunda ; by the Lulua River, Pogge, 350. Briquet, 1. c. 184, describes 4 varieties — viz., mechoivianus [Mechow, no number) ; poggeanus [Pogge, 350) ; hypisodontns {Mechow, 489) ; and huchnerianus {Buchner, 81 to 85). 60. C. thyrsoideus. Baker ex Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 10,12. A leafy much-branched perennial undershrub, 2-3 ft. high. Stem, petioles and inflorescence sparsely pubescent with spreading hairs. Lower leaves up to 7 by 4 in., ovate-cordate, acuminate, bright green above, paler beneath with prominent pubescent nerves, decurrent at the base ; petiole 2 in. long ; upper leaves smaller, more deeply cleft, shorter petioled. Inflorescence racemose, terminal on the branches, narrow, erect, 6-10 in. long; branchlets short, bearing dense-flowered dicho- tomous cymes of 10-15 shortly pedicelled flowers ; bracteoles minute, green. Calyx very small ; tube subglobose, hispidulous with stellately spreading hairs ; dorsal sepal linear-oblong, puberulous, nearly as long as the corolla-tube below its flexure ; lateral sepals about half as long ; two anticous segments small, linear, obtuse. Corolla bright blue, J in. long ; tube suddenly deflexed a little above the short base, then ascending and again deflexed, forming a sub-campanulate laterally compressed throat ; upper lip reflexed, obovate, with 4 short broad rounded lobes ; lower lip rather longer, cymbiform, subacute. AKozamb. Blst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Nyika Plateau, 6000- 7000 ft., Whyte ! between Mpata and Tanganyika Plateau, 2000-3000 ft., Whyte ! and cultivated specimen ! Coleus.] cii. LABIATE (baker). 441 61. C. Marquesii, Briquet in Ann. Jard. Genev. ii. (1898) 239. A shrub, with ascending branches, clothed with crisped hairs. Leaves petioled, broadly ovate, 2-4 in. long, acuminate, membranous, dull green and pubescent above, clothed with grey tomentum beneath, membranous. Cymes compound, 10-15-flowered, forming long lax racemose panicles ; pedicels long, clothed with crisped hairs and stalked glands ; bracts ovate, deciduous. Flower-calyx yV-^ in. long, clothed with glands and spreading hairs ; upper tooth ovate, violet ; lateral teeth short, narrow, obtuse ; lower longer, acute, connate nearly to the apex. Corolla violet, protruding nearly 1 in. from the throat of the calyx. Stamens included. Style exserted. — Henriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot. xvi. 70. JmO-wbt Guinea. Angola : in the valleys of the Kuango and Cuillo (? Kuilu) Rivers, Marques, 191. Q2. C. aconitiflorus, Welw. ex Hiern in Cat. Afr. PL Welw. i. HOG. A tall much-branched herb, 3-4 ft. high, with square glabrous stems and ascending branches. Leaves long-petioled, oblong, membranous, crenate, glabrous, cuneate and entire at the base, the lower 3-4 in. long, l-J-2 in. broad at the middle. Branches each bearing at the end a long lax narrow panicle, with several flowers crowded at the end of the short erecto- patent branchlets ; pedicels very short ; bracts minute. Calyx campanu- late, pubescent, yV-|^ in. long ; teeth ovate, small, subequal. Corolla J in. long ; tube slender, much longer than the calyx. IiO\(rer Guinea. Angola : province of Huilla ; at LopoUo, Welwitsch, 5495 ! 63. C. Briquetii, Baker. A tall branched herb, with green glabrescent stems. Leaves petioled, oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, 1-1 1 in. broad, acuminate, narrowed to the base, serrate, membranous, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Inflorescence racemose, long, dense at the middle ; whorls many-flowered ; cymes shortly peduncled, not umbellate; pedicels \ in. long. Calyx in flower J lin. long, in fruit much larger ; upper tooth ovate, decurrent ; lateral teeth orbicular ; lower acuminate, connate in the lower half. Corolla protruded J in. from the throat of the calyx ; lower lip \-\ in. 'long. Stamens not exserted. — C. Schiveinfurthii, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 181, not of Vatke. irile Iiand. British East Africa : Bongo territory, Schweinfurth, 2490 ! 64. C. montanus, Gilrke in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 218. Stems branched, pubescent, lJ-2 ft. long. Leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, 1-1 J in. long, the upper sessile, the lower shortly stalked, acute, rounded or narrowed to the base, crenate, pubescent on both sides, dotted with black glands beneath. Inflorescence racemose, lax ; cymes long-peduncled, 3-5-flowered ; bracts broadly ovate; pedicels J-J in. long. Fruit-calyx J in. long, glandular-pubescent outside, naked on the throat inside; upper tooth round-ovate, obtuse; lateral teeth rather shorter, lanceolate, acuminate ;• lower longer, almost subulate. Upper Guinea. Cameroons, near Buea, 7000 ft., Fretua, 1012. 442 cii. LABiATiE (baker). [Culeus. 65. C. leucophyllus, Baker in Keio Bulletin, 1895, 292. Stem perennial, long, erect, clothed with white tomentum. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong, subacute, cuneate at the base, the lower 3-4 in. long, crenate, clothed thinly with white tomentum on the face, densely beneath. Cymes many-fiowered, distinctly peduncled, forming a panicle 1 ft. long ; pedicels short, pubescent ; bracts minute, deciduous. Calyx pubescent, \ in. long ; tube campanulate ; teeth ovate, acute, the upper one largest. Corolla 12-15 lin. long; tubedecurved and dilated in the upper half ; upper lip small, erect ; lower much larger, concave. Stamens reaching the tip of the lower lip. Koxamb. X>l8t. British Central Africa : near Lake Moeru, Carson, 26 uf 1894 collection ! 66. C. membranacenSy Briquet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 182. A slender herb, with pubescent branches. Leaves with a winged petiole, ovate-oblong, 4-5* in. long, acuminate, narrowed to the decurrent base, regularly crenate, very thin, green on both surfaces, pubescent only on the main veins. Inflorescence racemose, J ft. long ; whorls distant ; peduncles of the lower J-J in. long; pedicels y^-\ in. long; bracts deciduous. Calyx in flower J lin. long ; upper tooth ovate, all the others acuminate. Corolla protruding J-J in. from the throat of the calyx ; upper lip small ; lower J in. long. Stamens not exserted. lower Guinea. Angola : Cissacala (? Sacalla) on the River Kuango, Mechow, 554. 67. C. mechowianus. Briquet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 183. A tall herb, with green or reddish branches, clothed with deciduous jointed hairs. Leaves petioled, broadly ovate, 1 J in. long, obtuse, truncate at the base, dentate, dotted with black glands, green and glabrous on both surfaces except on the main veins. Inflorescence racemose, 2-3 in. long; peduncles of the lower whorls J in. long; pedicels \ in. long; bracts deciduous. Flower-calyx very small ; upper tooth ovate-lanceo- late, lower teeth deltoid. Corolla blue, protruding J-J in. from the throat of the calyx ; upper lip minutely 3-lobed ; lower i in. long. Stamens usually included. Ibower Guinea. Angola : Puugo Andongo, Mechow, 123. 68. C. eetveldeanus, Briquet in Bull, Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 73. A tall herb, with pubescent branches. Leaves with a long winged petiole, ovate-deltoid, 1 in. long, acute, closely crenate, truncate at the base, dark green with scattered hairs above, grey-green and densely glandular-pubescent beneath. Panicle 6-8^ in. , long; axis of cymes above 1 in. long ; pedicels yV-J in. long ; bracts small deciduous. Calyx finally J in. long, glabrescent, with black sessile glands ; upper tooth broadly ovate, as long as the tube ; lower teeth small, acuminate. Corolla very small ; lower lip -^-^ in. long. — De Wild. & Durand, 111. Fl. Congo, i. t. 25. Soutb Central. Congo Free State : near Mtowa on Lake Tangnnyika, Deacam^s. Coleus.] cii. LABiATyE (baker). 443 69. C. concinnus, Baker. Stems slender, erect, fragile, shortly pubescent. Leaves petioled, ovate, crenate, membranous, truncate at the base, IJ in. long, shortly pubescent. Panicle very lax, terminal, J ft. long ; cymes lax, peduncled ; pedicels short. Fruit-calyx ^ in. long; tube cam panulate ; teeth small; upper tooth ovate ; lower teeth lanceolate. Corolla J in. long; lower lip longer than the tube. — Germanea concinna, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI, Welw. i. 8G1. ILower Guinea* Angola : province of Pungo Andongo, 2400-3800 ft., Wel- witsch, 5533 ! 70. 0»ten\ixc?ivlis^ Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 211. Stems annual, slender, pubescent, erect, much branched, 1 ft. long. Leaves petioled, ovate, crenate, pubescent, moderately j&rm, J-1 in. long. Panicle J ft. long or more, very lax, terminal ; cymes lax, peduncled ; pedicels short, pubescent. Fruit-calyx pubescent, J in. long ; upper tooth ovate, small ; lateral teeth small cusps ; lower larger cusps. Corolla J in. long; lower lip longer than the tube. — Engl. Hoch- gebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 361. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Cameroon Mountain, 7000 ft., Mann, 1939 ! 71. C. cunenensiSy Baker. .A perennial, with firm slender densely pubescent stems. Leaves petioled, ovate, acute, crenate, small, densely pubescent. Panicles terminal, very lax ; lower cymes few- flowered, distinctly peduncled ; pedicels short. Flower-calyx pubescent, ^ in. long ; upper tooth small, ovate ; lateral teeth small cusps ; lower large cusps. Corolla | in. long ; lower lip as long as the tube. XiOwer Guinea. Angola : near the River Cunene, Johnston ! 72. C. viridiSy Briqiuet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 181. A tall herb, with green glabrescent branches. Leaves with a long petiole, ovate, \l-'2 in. long, acute or acuminate, truncate or slightly cordate at the base, irregu- larly crenate, green and glabrescent on both surfaces. Inflorescence racemose, reaching 8 in. long ; cymes many-flowered, lower distinctly peduncled ; pedicels \ in. long ; bracts deciduous. Fruit-calyx |-^ in. long ; upper tooth ovate ; lateral teeth short, minutely cuspidate ; lower acuminate. Corolla protruding \ in. from the throat of the calyx ; upper lip very small ; lower large. Stamens included or slightly exserted. South Central. Conj^o Free State : Lnnda ; Mussumbn, Popge, 3G5. 73. C. shirensis, Gilrke in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 216. A perennial herb, with densely pubescent branches. Leaves petioled, broadly ovate, membranous, 2-3 in. long, acuminate, rounded at the base, deeply crenate, nearly glabrous above, pubescent beneath. Cymes many- flowered, very compound, forming a long narrow panicle; bi-acts small, deciduous; rhachis and pedicels very hairy, the latter \-^ in. long. Fruit- calyx hairy, \ in. long ; upper tooth ovate ; lateral teeth shorter, oblong, obtuse ; lowest acute, connate nearly to the apex. — PUctranthus glandu- losiis, Britten in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. ;i7, not of Hook. f. Mozamb. Bist. Britisli Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Mount Mlanje, Jf^^y/c .' and without precise locality, Buchanan, 376 and 002 of 1891 collection ! 444 cii. LABIATE (baker). [CoklLS. 74. C. scandens, Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 221. Stems scandent, pubescent, much-branched ; branches slender, divaricate. Leaves long- petioled, round-ovate, membranous, lJ-2 in. long, acute, rounded at the base, deeply crenate, pubescent on both sides. Inflorescence racemose, secund, dense, long-peduncled ; cymes sessile, 2-3-flowered ; bracts minute, ovate-lanceolate ; pedicels short, pubescent like the calyx. Fruit-calyx J in. long ; teeth subequal, lanceolate-deltoid. Corolla blue. Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Usambara ; Kwa Mshuzn, 4000 ft., Hoist, 9119 ! 9120a 1 Kilimanjaro: at Marangu, 4500 ft., Volkens, 1431 ! 75. C. dissitifloruSy Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 217. A peren- nial herb, with slender stems 3-4 ft. long and glandular-pubescent branches. Leaves long-petioled, ovate-rhomboid, membranous, 2-2-J in. long, cuneate at the base, crenate, glabrous above, pubescent and gland- dotted beneath. Inflorescence racemose, simple, terminal, very lax ; cymes compound,' 5-7-flowered; pedicels long, glandular-pubescent; bracts ovate, persistent, foliaceous. Calyx in flower \ in., in fruit above J in. long, pubescent, naked inside at the throat ; upper tooth broadly ovate, acute, its edges slightly decurrent ; lateral teeth shorter, lanceo- late, acuminate ; lower long, linear. Corolla violet, with a slender tube longer than the calyx. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : between Buea and Mimbia, 3000 ft., Preuss, 1055 ! 7G. C. 'Prenssiif Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 219. Stems 6-7 ft. long, branched, pubescent. Leaves long-petioled, broadly ovate, mem- branous, about 5 in. long, 3 in. broad, acuminate, rounded or narrowed to the base, deeply toothed, quite glabrous on both sides, dotted with black glands below. Inflorescence racemose, lax ; whorls remote ; cymes long-stalked, 5— 9-flowered ; bracts ovate, acuminate ; pedicels long. Calyx pubescent, \ in. long in fruit, naked inside at the throat ; upper tooth broadly ovate, its edges reflexed and rather decurrent ; lateral teeth lanceolate- deltoid ; lower deltoid, acute, connate, finally inflexed. Corolla blue. Upper Guinea. Cameroons: near Buea, 2000-3000 ft., Preuss, 569, 691; and without precise locality, Dusen, 309. 77. C. punctatus, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 291. A perennial herb, with long stout pubescent stems. Leaves ovate, acute, broadly rounded at the base, 3-4 in. long, inciso-crenate, membranous, green and pubescent on both surfaces, copiously dotted with black glands beneath ; petiole long. Cymes with an elongated pubescent axis, forming an ample panicle J ft. long, 2 in. diam. ; pedicels moderately long, ascending ; bracts obsolete. Calyx finally J in. long ; tube very short, densely pilose ; teeth ovate, the upper the longest. Corolla | in. long ; tube decurved and dilated in the upper half ; upper lip small, erect ; lower large, deeply concave. Stamens reaching the tip of the lower lip. Mozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Moero Plateau, south-west of Lake Tanganyika, Carson, 25 of 1894 collection ! Neomullera.'] cii. labiate, (baker). 445 16. NEOMULLERA, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 186, t. 3, Fig. b. Calyx (leclinate ; tube at first campanulate, becoming much larger and ventricose ; upper tooth larger, ovate, the others smaller, deltoid. Corolla with a long decurved tube, cylindrical in the lower half, dilated upwards ; upper lip small, erect ; lower larger, deeply concave. Stamens 4, didynamous, declinate ; filaments united in the lower half ; anthers oblong, with parallel cells. Style long, declinate, bifid at the tip. Nucules ovoid, smooth. Endemic. Monotypic, 1. N. "Welwitschii, Briquet^ I. c. A tall herb, with long spreading glabrous branches. Leaves with a very long petiole, ovate, membranous, crenate, the lower 5-6 in. long, slightly pubescent. Panicle long, very lax, formed of shortly peduncled lax compound cymes ; pedicels long, erecto-patent ; bracts obsolete. Fruit calyx ^J in. long. Corolla-tube 3-4 times the length of the calyx ; lower lip deeply concave, shorter than the tube. Stamens and style included. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 865. laoyver Guinea. Angola ; Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5544 ! 17. ENGLERASTRUM, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 178, t. 3, Fig. A. Calyx-tube campanulate, slightly declinate ; teeth ovate, subequal. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped ; upper lip sm'>ll, with 3 rounded lobes ; lower lip much larger, deeply concave. Stamens 4, didynamous, declinate ; filaments united in the lower hMf ; anther-cells parallel. Style long, declinate; apex deeply and equally bifid. Nucules smooth. Endemic. Monotypic. 1. E. Schweinfurthii, Briqvet, I. c. A much-branched erect annual herb ; branches clothed with fine spreading hairs. Leaves very shortly petioled, ovate, membranous, crenate, 1 in. long. Whorls 1-2-flowered, forming copious lax peduncled racemose cymes in the axils of the leaves ; pedicels very short ; bracts minute, linear. Calyx \ in. long, finely glandular-pubescent, scarcely at all accrescent ; teeth longer than the tube. Corolla-tube 3 times the length of the calyx ; lower lip shorter than the tube. Stamens reaching to the tip of the lower lip. Wile Ziand. British East Africa : Bongo ; Adda, Schweinfurth, 2532. 18. CAPITANYA, Schweinf. ex Gurke in Engl. Jahrb. xxi. 105, t. 1 Calyx campanulate, very accrescent ; lobes 5-6, orbicular, imbricate, the lower shorter than the upper. Corolla-tube cylindriail, as long as the calyx, abruptly deflexed near the tip ; upper lip short, ()rl)icular ; lower much larger, concave. Stamens 4, declinate, didynamous, aa 446 cii. LABiATiG (baker). [Capitant/a. long as the lower lip of the corolla ; tilaments united towards the base ; anthers oblong, with parallel cells ; style shortly bifid at the apex ; lobes spreading. Nucules ovoid, smooth. Kudeinic. Monotvpic. 1. C. otostegioides, Gurke in Eng. Jahrh. xxi. lOG. A low fleshy underahrub, clothed with grey pubescence, with decumbent main stems and ascending flowering branches. Stem-leaves in distant pairs, obovate- cuneate, shortly petioled, obtuse, crenate, about 1 in. long, fleshy, clothed with grey pubescence on both surfaces. Whorls 6-flowered, aggregated in a lax terminal racemose panicle 3-4 in. long ; pedicels as long as the flower-calyx ; bracts minute. Calyx in the flowering stage \ in., finally i in. long and broad. Corolla more than twice as long as the flowering calyx. MTlle ]Land. Abyssinia : near Qualamat in the Upper Lebka Valley, 2000- 5S00 ft.j Muller-Frosko-Capitani/, Heuglin. Somaliland : without precise locality, Qhika. Mozamb* Blst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro Region : in tne Steppe between Ugweno Mountain and the Papyrus swamp, 2300 ft., Volkens^ 492. 19. ANISOCHILUS, Wall. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii. 1177. Calyx-tube campanulate ; upper tooth large, oblong, concave, de- flexed ; 4 lower teeth very short. Corolla-tube longer than the calyx, deflexed at the middle, with a funnel-shaped throat ; limb bilabiate ; upper lip short ; lower much longer, incurved, deeply concave. Stamens 4, didynamous, deflexed ; filaments filiform, shortly connate at the base in the African species ; anther-cells confluent. Disk glandular. Style shortly bifid. Nucules ovoid, smooth. — Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves sometimes fleshy. Whorls aggregated into dense spicate panicles. Flowers small. Species about 15, all but one East Indian. "^v 1. A. africanns. Baker ex Scott-EUiot in Joum. Linn. Soc. xxx. 94. A perennial herb 4 ft. high, with erect stems and densely shortly pubescent branches. Leaves distant, nearly sessile, oblong-lanceolate, crenate, subcoriaceous, subscabroiis above, densely pubescent with raised veinlets beneath, the lower 4-5 in. long. Panicles very dense, sparingly branched, peduncled, cylindric, the end one 3-4 in. long; pedicels obsolete. Fruit-calyx J in. long ; upper tooth oblong, concave, deflexed, much longer than the tube ; 4 lower teeth suborbicular. Corolla J in. long. Stamens shortly connate at the base. — Briquet in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 65. A. Engleri, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 190. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : near the Loma bum, on alluvial soil, Scott- Elliot, 5033 ! ILower Cnlneai Lower Congo : Stanley Pool, HenSy b86. Soutli Central. Congo Free State : on the banks of the Upper Lulua River, Pogge, 372 ; between Nyangwe and Kimbundu Mountains, Pogge, 1019. Hyplis.] cii. LABiATiE (baker). 447 20. HYPTIS, Jacq.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii. 1178. Calyx-tube campanulate or oblong; teeth 5, subulate, subequal. Corolla-tube cylindric or slightly ventricose ; limb sub-bilabiate ; lower lip deflexed, concave, narrowed to the base. Stamens 4, didynamous, declinate ; filaments free, filiform ; anther-cells confluent. Disk entire or reduced to an anticous gland. Style subentire or shortly bifid. Nucules ovoid or oblong, rarely winged, smooth or dotted. — Annual or perennial herbs. Inflorescence very varied. Corolla small. Species about 250, all Tropical American, a very few extending to the Old World. Flowers in globose heads. Annual . . . . . . . . 1. H. brevipex. Perennial 2. H. atrorubens. Flowers racemose. Cymes forming simple whorls . . . . Z. H. spicigera. Cymes compound 4. JST. pectinata. Flowers in peduncled umbellate cymes . . . 5. H. suaveolens. 1. H. brevipes, Poit.-, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 107. Annual. Stem erect, branched, pubescent, 3-4 ft. long. Leaves subsessile, oblong-rhomboid, crenate, the upper lanceolate. Flowers in dense globose heads J in. diam. on short ascending peduncles from the nodes all down the stem ; outer bracts lanceolate, as long as the flowers. Calyx ^ in. long ; tube short, campanulate ; teeth subulate, twice as long as the tube. Corolla scarcely longer than the calyx. — Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 489 ; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. V6d ; Durand -?csne. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 147. An erect much-bianched perennial herb, with slender square hairy stems. Leaves broad, bipiniiatidd, with linear segments. Panicles long, slender ; whorls 2- flowered ; bracts ovate, J in. long ; upper not dilated and mem- branous. Calyx as long as the bract ; teeth all small, deltoid. Corolla- tube a little longer than the calyx ; limb very small. — Engl. Hoch- gebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 863. M"ile Xiand. Sonouliland : Ahl ATountaiiis, 6500 ft., Hildebrandt, 854. Also in Arabia and Upper Egypt. 3. L. coronopifolia, Poir.; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 147. An erect much -branched perennial herb, with slender square glabrous branchlets. Leaves sessile, cut down to a narrowly- winged rhachis ; segments erecto-patent, linear with revolute edges, simple or pinnatifid. Panicles slender, cvlindric, 2-3 in. long, lax downwards ; bracts rigid, ovate-lanceolate, tne lower as long as the calyx ; upper not dilated. Calyx pubescent, J in. long ; teeth equal, lanceolate. Corolla blue, twice as long as the calyx-tube. XSrile Xiand. Harnish Island, Slade ! Nubia : Hor Tamanib, near Suakin, Lord ! Erkowit Mountain, near Suakin, Schweinfurth, 246 ! Coast-land, Bent ! Eriticil : Geleb, 6000 ft., Schweinfurth, 1076 ! Also in Western Asia southward to Arabia, Northern Africa and the Cape Verdes. 22. EIiSHOLTZIA, Willd. ; Benth. et Hook, f . Gen. Plant, u. 1181. Calyx-tube straight, ovoid or campaniilate, dilated in fruit ; teeth 5, unequal. Corolla-tube cylindric ; limb with 5 short slightly unequal rounded lobes. Stamens 4, didynamous, arcuate ; filaments free, naked ; anther-cells often confluent. Style bifid at the apex. Nucules ovoid or oblong, smooth or rugose. — Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves petioled, crenate. Whorls many-flowered, forming dense or slender spicate panicles ; bracts persistent. Corolla small. Species about 20, mostly Asiatic, mainly Indian. Leaves cordate-ovate, obtuse . , . 1, E. Carsonii. Leaves ovate, acute . . . . . . 2. E. Schimperi. Leaves narrowly lanceolate . . . . . 3. E. aquatica. 1. E. Carsonii, Baker. A perennial herb, with long trailing pubescent stems, leafless in the upper half. Leaves cordate-ovate, 2-3 in. long, obtuse, deeply crenate, green and pubescent on both sur- faces ; petiole long, winged upwards. Whorls of flowers forming dense oblong terminal long-peduncled racemose panicles; bracts foliaceous ovate-cuspidate ; pedicels short. Calyx densely pubescent, \ in. long ; tube companulate ; teeth deltoid, unequal, shorter than the tube, the uppermost largest. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Mozamb. BlBt. British Central Africa : Urungu ; Fwambo, south of Lake Tanganyika, Carson ! Elsholtzia.] cii. LABiATiE (baker). 451 2. E. schimperiy Ilockst. in Schimp. PL Abyss. Exaicc. No. 141 1. . A tall erecc perennial herb, with stems pubescent upwards. Leaves large, thin, petioled, ovate, acute, slightly pubescent. Whorls forming dense thick spicate panicles at the end of the stem and from the axils of the upper leaves ; bracts orbicular, cuspidate, membranous, ciliate, densely imbricate, \ in. diam. Flower-calyx ^ in. long; upper tooth oblong, as long as the campauulate tube ; 4 lower teeth shorter, ovate. Corolla- tube cylindric, much exserted. — Vatke in Linnjea, xxxvii. 825 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 3G8 ; Briquet in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ii. ll^>3. Wile Xiand. Abyssinia: Begemeder ; Addi-Abuii, 6500 ft. Schimper, VGS : and vvitliout precise locality, Schimper, 694! 1411 ! 3. E. aquatica, C. H. Wright. Stem herbaceous, fistular, 8 lin. diam., with numerous branches at the nodes. Leaves narrowly lanceo- late, irregularly dentate, pubescent on the upper side of the midrib, nerves prominent beneath, 2 in. long, 4 lin. wide. Panicles spicate, terminal on the branches, about 1 in. long, 8 lin. diam. ; bracts small, oblong. Calyx campanulate, 1 lin. long, pubescent outside ; teeth triangular, acute. Corolla slightly longer than the calyx, pubescent outside in bud, pink ; lobes obtuse. Filaments twice as long as the corolla; anthers reniform, dark purple-brown. Nucules smooth. Mozamb. Xllst. Portuguese East Africa : between Unangu and Lake Shirwa. in water, 3000-4000 ft., Johnson, 15 ! 23. MENTHA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii. 1182. Calyx campanulate or cylindric, 10-ribbed, 5 -toothed. Corolla - tube funnel-shaped ; lobes 4, the upper rather broader, emarginate. Stamens 4, subequal ; filaments free ; anthers 2-celled. Disk entire, equal. Style shortly bifid. Nucules ovoid, smooth. — Herbs, with toothed leaves. Whorls many-flowered, aggregated in spicate panicles or dis- persed and axillary. Stamens dimorphic. Flowers small. Species about 25, concentrated in the North Temperate zone of the Old World. Whorls of flowers forming a dense terminal spike . 1. M. sylvestris. Whorls of flowers distant, subtended by large leaves . 2. M. Pulegium. 1. M. sylvestris, Linn.] Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 166. A perennial, with erect pubescent stems. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, densely pubescent, obscurely seirate. Whorls many-flowered, aggre- gated into cylindric terminal spicate panicles 2-3 in. long. Calyx densely pubescent, ^V in. long; teeth lanceolate-deltoid. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx ; lobes orbicular. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 187; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 363. irile Iiand. Abyssinia : Tigre ; near Adowa, on the banks of the Mai Teia Brook, Schimper, 403 ! Province of Shire, Quartin-lUllon ^' Petit, 15! Hegemedcr ; Anadehr, Schimper, 586; Beschilo Valle}, near Magdala, Steudner, 1121 ! Throughout Europe and Western Asia. 452 CI I. LABiATiE (baker). [Mentha. 2. M. Pulegium, Linn.; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 175. A peren- nial, with slender prostrate much-branched pubescent or nearly glabrous steins. Leaves small, petioled, ovate, crenate. Flowers in distant globose axillary whorls. Calyx y^^ in. long ; upper teeth deltoid, lower lanceolate. Corolla-tube shortly exserted ; lobes small, oblong. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 187 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 364. wile Iiand. Abyssinia : near Adowa, Schimper, 141 ! Mai-SauiiH, near Adowa, Rohlfs Sf Stecker. Sliire, Quart in- Dillon Sf Petit, 13 ! Addi-Shoa, 3500 ft., Schimper, 754 ; Ataba, Steudner, 1406 ! Also in Europe, North Africa and Western Asia. 24. MICROMERIA, Benth. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii. 1188. Calyx-tube cylindric, 13-15-nerved ; teeth acute, nearly equal. Corolla-tube straight ; limb short, bilabiate ; upper lip erect, nearly flat ; lower patent, 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending ; anthers 2-celled. Disk equal or reduced to an anticous gland. Style bifid at the apex. Nucules small, ovoid or oblong. — Herbs or under shrubs. Leaves entire or crenate. Whorls axillary or crowded into a terminal spicate panicle. Flowers small. Species 60, spread widely in both hemispheres. Leaves rigid, entire. Leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate . . . . 1. M. hifiora. Leaves lanceolate 2. M. longijlora. Leaves membranous, crenate . . . . . Z. M. ahyssinica. 1. M. biflora, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 220. A much-branched perennial herb, with slender pubescent stems J-1 ft. long. Leaves obscurely petioled, rigid, entire, finely pubescent, ovate or oblong- lanceolate, \-\ in. long. Cymes 2-6 -flowered, sessile or shortly peduncled in the axils of many produced leaves. Calyx \-\ in. long ; tube cylindric, pubescent, strongly ribbed ; teeth small, lanceolate- deltoid. Corolla-tube shortly exserted, dilated at the throat. — Hook, f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 650 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 365. M. punc- tata, Benth. 1. c. ; Britten in Gregory, Great Rift Valley, 396. M. ovata, Benth. 1. c. 219. M. Schimperi, Vatke in Linnjea, xxxvii. 326. M. Purtschelleri, Giirke in Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 365. Satureia ovata and S. punctata, R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. Append. 64. Upper Guinea. Cameroons-. Cameroon Mountain, 7000-10,000 ft., Mann, 1292 ! 1981 ! Johnston, 39 ! on open dry plains, Kalbreyer, 115 ! Wile Iiand. Nubia: Coast-land, Bent! Erkowit Mountain, near Suakin, Schweinfurth, 225 ! Eritrea : Mount Bizen, 6500 ft., Schtoeinfurth Sf Riva, 1863 ! Keren, Steudner, 1429 ! Abyssinia : Mount Sholoda, near Adowa, Schimper, 12 ! 45 ! 1859 ! Quartin-Dillon ; Province of Wojerat, Quartin-DiUon ! Samen ; Dugua, Steudner, 1435 ; Debra Eski, Schimper, 156 ; Ghaba, Steudner, 1430 ; Jaja,6000 ft., Schimper, 314; Amba Sea, 7400 ft., Schimper, 381 ; Godofelassi, Rohlfs Sf Stecker ; Sassidolosatsclia, i2oAZ/5 4* Stecker; near Janausa, 8400-9400 ft., Schimper; near Memsah, Quartin-Dillon ; Begemeder ; near Anadehr, 7800 ft., Schimper, 576 ! Guna Mountain, Steudner, 1433, Urahut district, 9700-10,400 ft., Schimper, 591 ! Micromeria.] cii. labiat^e (baker). 453 Erarota Mountain, 10,700 ft.. Schimper, 765 of 1862 collection ; Ankober, Roth, 508 ! between Yenitclia (Jennija) and Sebit, north of Magdala, Steudner, 1431 ; and without precise locality, /S't'Aimjtjer, 4 ! 765! 792! Flowden ! Britislj Somaliland: Darra-as, 5000 ft.. Miss Edith Cole ! 8errut Mountains, near Maid, 5800 ft., Uildebrandl, 1564! British East Africa : Uuwenzori, 6000-7000 ft., iicott- Elliot, 7765! crater south of Lake Naivasha, 7000-8000 ft., Thomson! Machakos, 5000 6000 ft., Scoit- Elliot, 6617! Kikuyu, Scott-Elliot, 6608! Guaso Mairi and Lanjoro, south of Guaso Thegu and at the west foot of Mount Kenia, Gregory. JaOvreT Guinea. Angola : Huilla ; Humpata, Johnston! Cunene River, Johnston ! Mozaznb. Dlst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro; at 4000-6000 ft,, Johnston, 98! 99! 194! between Marangu and Majame, 4500-9000 ft., Meyer, 110, 349; at Mue River, above 9000 ft., Meyer, 244; Kifinika Volcano, 10,000 ft., Volkens, 940 ! and on the Plateau, 12,600 ft., Volkens, 1 197 ! Usambara ; Kwa Mshuza, Hoht, 9079! Lower Plateau north of Lake Nyasa, Thotnson ! Portuguese East Africa : mountains east of Lake Nyasa, Johnson ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Masuka Plateau, 6500-7000 ft., TFhyte ! Tanganyika Plateau, at Fort Hill, 3500- 4000 ft., Whyte ! Zomba Plateau, 4800 ft., TFhyte ! Mount Malosa, Cameron, 10 ! Also in South Africa and India. 2. M. longiflora, Ilochst. in Schimp. PI. Abyss. Exsicc. Xo. 2192. A much-branched perennial herb with firm slender trailing stems, pubes- cent upwards. Leaves nearly sessile, firm, lanceolate, pubescent, entire, the lower J-1 in. long. Cymes 3-6-flowered, shortly peduncled in the axils of produced leaves. Calyx densely pubescent, j in. long ; teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla J-| in. long ; tube longer than the calyx, funnel-shaped at the throat. — M. unguentaria, Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. ^thiop. 124 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 865. xrile Xiand. Abyssinia : Samen ; mountains near Jaja, 5700 ft., Schimper, 2192! 3. M. abyssinica, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 224. A much- branched perennial herb. Stems slender, ascending, finely pubescent, 1-2 ft. long. Leaves distinctly petioled, membranous, ovate, crenate, finely pubescent, the lower 1-lJ in. long. Whorls many, distant, sessile, many-flowered, only the lowest subtended by large leaves ; pedicels ^-| in. long. Calyx nearly \ in. long ; tube cylindric, strongly ribbed ; teeth small, lanceolate. Corolla-tube not longer than the calyx. — Avetta in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. 60. Melissa ahys- sinica, Hochst. in Schimp. PI. Abyss. Exsicc. No. 326 ; Engl. Hoch- gebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 365. Nile Z.and. Eritrea : Saganeiti, in Marakhat Valley, 6800-7100 ft., Schtrein- furth Sf Eiva, 1715 ! Abyssinia : Mount Sholoda, near Adowa, Schimper, 326 ! 1846 ; kdow A, Quartin- Billon (^ Petit ! Samen; below Debra Eski, ibVAim^^^r, 159 ; Ghaba (Gcba River ?), Steudner, 1432 ; Amba Sea, 6500 ft., Schimper, 379 ; Lotho, 8900 W., Schimper, 4:1b ; Shoa ; CorH, Ragazzi, Let-Maretia, Ragazzi; and without precise \ocA\\ty , Petit ! Plowden ! *SMmper, 948 ! Roth, 512! British Somaliland : Scrrut Mountains, near Maid, 5200-5800 ft., Hildehrandt, 1424! Mozamb. Blst. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; at Marangu, 4600 ft., Volkens, 268! at 6000 ft., Johnston! Smith! Usambara; Kwa Mshuza, Uolst, 9160! Also in Arabia. 454 cii. LABiATiE (baker). \Thymu8. 25. THYMUS, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii. 1186. Calyx-tube 10-1 3-nerved ; limb bilabiate. Corolla-tube included or exserted ; limb short, obscurely bilabiate ; upper lip nearly flat ; lower patent, 8-lobed. Stamens 4, equal or obscurely didynamous ; filaments filiform ; anthers 2-celled. Disk equal. Style shortly bifid. Nucules ovoid or oblong, smooth. — Perennial herbs or undershrubs. Leaves small, usually entire. Whorls in the axils of the leaves or crowded into terminal spicate panicles. Flowers small. Species 40, concentrated in the Mediterranean region. Leaves serrate 1. T. serrulatus. Leaves entire 2. T. Serpyllum. 1. T. serrulatus, Hochst. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 208. A much-branched perennial, shrubby at the base, with short decumbent pubescent stems. - Leaves lanceolate, sessile, firm, acutely serrate, -J-J in. long, cuneate at the base, ciliate, dotted with conspicuous black glands. Whorls aggregated inwO dense globose terminal heads with leaves crowded at the base. Calyx J in. long ; tube oblong ; teeth acute, longer than the tube. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Stamens exserted.— A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 188; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 364. irile l^and. Abyssinia, at 10,000-11,700 ft. : Aber Mountain, near Adesela, Schimper, 868 ! Debra Eski, Schimper^ 153 ; Urahut district, on Erareta Mountain, Schimper, 713 ; Lotbo, Schimper, 463. 2. T. Serpyllum, Linn. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 200. A perennial, much-branched at the crown of the root, with slender trailing more or less pubescent stems. Leaves sessile, oblong or lanceolate, cuneate at the base, entire, conspicuously dotted with black glands. Whorls crowded into globose terminal heads. Calyx y\ ^^- lo^g J ^^^e campanulate ; teeth of the upper lip short, of the lower long and narrow. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 188; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 649 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 3G4. Xrile Xiand. Eritrea : Mount Bizen, 6500 ft., Schweinfurth Sf Eiva, 1854 ! Abyssinia: Samen; Ataba, Steudner, 14061 near Enjedcap, Schimper, 1178! and without precise locality, Schimper, 712 ! Also in Europe, Western Asia, Himalayas, and Greenland. 26. CALAMINTHA, Moench ; Benth. et Hook. f.Gen. Plant, ii. 1190. Calyx tube cylindric, 1 3-nerved; limb bilabiate; upper lip trifid, lower bifid. Corolla-tube straight ; limb bilabiate ; upper lip flat or slightly concave ; lower patent, bifid. Stamens 4, ascending ; upper sometimes imperfect ; anther-cells parallel or divergent. Disk equal. Style bifid. Nucules ovoid, smooth. — Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves entire or dentate. Whorls usually axillary, many-flowered. Flowers small or medium-sized. Calamijitha.] cii. labiate (baker). 455 Species 40, concentrated in tbe North Temperate zone of both hemispheres. Whorls of flowers lax, axillary. Whorls from the upper nodes only. Leaves flat . . . . . . . 1. C. simensis. Leaves with revolute edges . . . 2. C. Kilimandschari. Whorls from nearly all the nofJes . . 3. C cryptaniha. Whorls of flowers condensed into an oblong head . . 4. C. jmradoxa. 1 . C. simensiSy Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 230. A much-branched perennial herb, with spreading slender pubescent stems 3-12 in. long. Leaves obscurely petioled, ovate or suborbicular, faintly crenate, pubes- cent, J-J in. long. Whorls about 6-flowered, lax, the lower or all sub- tended by developed leaves ; pedicels densely hairy, ^-J in. long. Calyx J- J in. long; tube cylindric, hairy; teeth small, those of the upper lip lanceolate, those of the lower lip larger, lanceolate-deltoid. Corolla J in. long ; limb short. Stamens included. — A. Rich, Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 190; Engl. HochgebirgsE. Trop. Afr. 366; Avetta in Ann. Lstit. Bot. Roma, vi. 61 (including var. ohtusifolia). Melissa alpi7ia, var. simensis, Hochst. in Schimp. PI. Abyss. Exsicc. No. 366. Xepeta Ehlersi, Schweinf. in Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 368 (name only). Upper Guinea. Cameroons: Cameroon Mountain, 7000-10.500 ft., Mann, 1293 ! 1302 ! 2031 ! Upper Slopes, 8000 ft., Johnston^ 21 ! 49 ! Fernando Po ; Clarence Peak, 8,500 ft., Mann, 617 ! srile Ziand. Abyssinia : Samen ; on rocks in the middle region of Mount Bachit, Schimper, 999! Urahut district, on Erareta Mountain, 9800 ft., Sckimper, 721! Wojerat district, Pe^rY ; Shoa; Let-Marefia, 5a^azzi; Autoto, JZa^azzi ; and without precise locality, Schimper, 107 ! Roth, 519 1 nXozazul). I>ist. Gentian East Africa : Lower Plateau north of Lake N^asa, Thomson ! Kilimanjaro, 3000-8000 ft., Kersten, Meyer. 2. C. Kilimandschari, Giirke in Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Ajr. 366. A perennial herb, with slender creeping pubescent stems. Leaves petioled, suborbicular, \-\ in. long, thick, pubescent on both sides, with a revolute obscurely crenate margin. Inflorescence as in C. simensis. Calyx |-i in. long ; lower teeth subulate ; upper shorter. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. MEozaznb. Bist. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro; near Johannes Gorge, 12,300 ft., Volkens, 1194 ! from Mue River to the limit of vegetation, 9000-13,000 ft., Meyer, 234. 3. C. cryptantha, Vatke in Linnoeay xxxvii. 328. A perennial herb, with slender diffuse pubescent stems 1-1| ft. long. Leaves petioled, thin, broadly oblong with a cuneate base, conspicuously crenate, finely pubescent, J-1 in. long. Flowers few in a whorl, produced in the axils of the leaves all down the stem ; pedicels pubescent, as long as the calyx. Calyx \-\ in. long ; teeth small, of the upper lip ovate, of the lower lanceolate. Corolla small and stamens in part sterile in some of the specimens seen. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 366. M-lle Xiand. Abyssinia : Wojerat district, Quartin- Dillon (f Petit, 2 ! Samen : 456 cii. LAiiiAT^ (baker). [Ccdamintha. Nori, Sleudner, 1438; Begemeder; Debra Tabor, 8700 ft., Schimper, 1144! Urahut; Erareta Mountain, 11,000 ft., Schimper, 722. 4. C. paradoxa, Vatke in Lin^icea, xxxvii. :^27. A perennial herb, with many slender ascending hairy stems 1 ft. long. Leaves obscurely petioled, thin, ovate, obtuse, faintly crenate, nearly glabrous, 1-1 J in- long. Whorls condensed into a short oblong terminal spicate panicle. Calyx ^-J in. long ; teeth lanceolate-deltoid. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx ; limb short. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 366. DTlle Xiand. Abyssinia : Begemeder ; Debra Tabor, 8600 ft., Schimper, 1546 ! 27. MERIANDRA, Benth. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii. 1194. Calyx-tube funnel-shaped, 10-ribbed ; limb bilabiate ; upper lip 3- toothed ; lower ^ifid. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped ; limb with 4 sub- equal lobes. Perfect stamens 2 ; anthers with two shortly stipitate cells ; posticous stamens represented by 2 small staminodia. Disk equal. Style bifid at the apex. Nucules obovoid-oblong, smooth. — Erect shrubs. Leaves rugose, crenulate. Whorls many-flowered, spaced out or dense. Flowers small. Species 2, botb Indian, one of them also in Africa. 1. M. bengalensis, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 262. A much- branched erect shrub, 3-6 ft. high, with densely pubescent branches. Leaves petioled, oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, rugose, minutely crenate, with a scent like those of Salvia officinalis, but stronger. Whorls very dense, globose, forming long racemose panicles at the end of the branches ; lowest bracts as long as the flowers. Calyx densely pubescent, J in. long. Corolla white ; tube as long as the calyx ; limb small.— A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 191 ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 653 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 367. Salvia abyssinica, R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. Append. 62. S. schimper iana, Hochst. in Schimp. PI. Abyss. Exsicc. No. 1781. Wile Xiand. Eritrea : Saganeiti, 7100 ft., Schweinfurth Sf Riva, 1213 ! Degerra Valley, near Saganeiti, 7100 ft., Schweinfurth Sf i2im, 1254! Abyssiniai : on the higher mountains of the Province of Urahut, Schimper, 1781 ! and without precise locality, Salt, Ruppell. Also ill Arabia and India, where it is commonly cultivated for its sage-like leaves. 28. SALVIA, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii. 1194. Calyx-tube funnel-shaped ; limb bilabiate ; upper lip entire or 3- toothed ; lower lip bifid. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped ; limb bilabiate ; upper lip concave, entire or emarginate ; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed. Stamens 2, arcuate; filaments short; connective forked, one branch only bearing a perfect cell, the other usually a small rudimentary one ; 2 minute staminodia often present. Disk usually produced on one side. Style bifid at the apex. Nucules ovoid-triquetrous, smooth. — Herbs or Salvia.] cii. labiate (baker). 457 shrubs. . Leaves often rugose, simple or lobed or rarely compound. Whorls of flowers usually distinct ; bracts small or large. Flowers often large and brightly coloured. Species 450, oosmopolitan. Shrub, with woody branches . . . . . I. S. somalensis. Perennial herbs. Bracts large. Corolla three times the length of the calyx . . 2. and. Abyssinia : Tigre ; near Adowa, by streams in low-lying valleys, Schimper, 21 Q\ Dembea ; 3 exxdA, Steudner, l^QO\ Shoa; Ankober, 22olst. Hritish ('cntral Africa: Nyasalatid ; Musuka I*l:i(t';m, OSC-K)- 7(XX) ft., Wht/ie ! 6. A. nyasanum, Baker. A perennial, with densely hairy steins. Leaves petioled, cordate-ovate, crenate, densely hairy on both sides. Racemes terminal only, dense, oblong-cylindiical, ^-?> in. long; pedicels very short ; bracts ovate-cuspidate, J in. long. Calyx slightly hairy, J in. long ; teeth ovate or oblong, rather shorter than the oblong tube. Corolla-tube shortly exserted ; lips ^ in. long. Mozaxnb. I>lst< Portuguese East Africa : Mountains east of Lake Nyasa, Johnson ! 7. A. africanuxn, Hook. f. A perennial, with densely hairy erect woody stems ?)-^ ft. long. Leaves long-petioled, cordate-ovate, acute, membranous, crenate, 4-5 in. long, slightly hairy, narrowed suddenly at the base to the winged petiole. Racemes terminal only, dense, oblong-cylindrical, 4-5 in. long ; pedicels very short ; bracts ovate, green, as long as the calyx. Calyx \ in. long, slightly hairy ; teeth ovate, acute, shorter than the tube. Corolla purple. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Cameroon Mountain, 2000-3000 ft,, Mann, 1297 ! 1949 ! Victoria, 3000 ft., Kalhreyer, 99 ! 8. A. sethiopicum, Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. 56. A perennial, with erect woody pubescent stems 4-H ft. long. Leaves long- petioled, ovate, acute, membranous, deeply crenate, slightly hairy, 4-5 in. long, narrowed suddenly to the winged petiole. Racemes both terminal and axillary, dense, oblong-cylindrical, 3-4 in. long; pedicels very short ; bracts ovate-cuspidate, pale green, pubescent, lower \ in, long. Flower- calyx hairy, \ in. long ; teeth ovate, shorter than the tube. Corolla whitish ; tube not exserted ; lips small, — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 874. Xiower Guinea. Angola : Pungo Andongo ; in damp sliady woods, especially about the Calundo Waterfall, 3200 ft.. Welwitsch, 1633 ! 32. STACHYS, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii. 1208. Calyx-tube funnel-shaped, 5-10-ribbed ; teeth 5, subequal. Corolla- tube included or exserted ; limb bilabiate ; upper lip ascending, oblong, concave ; lower deflexed, 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, arcuate ; lowest pair the longest; anther-cells 2, parallel or divaricate. Disk usually equal. Style bifid at the apex. Nucules ovoid or oblong, 466 cii. LABIAT.B (baker). [Stockys. obtuse. — Annual or perennial herbs or low shrubs. Leaves sessile or petioled, entire or toothed. Whorls axillary or crowded into terminal racemose panicles. Flowers small or medium-sized, various in colour. Species about 200, cosmopolitan, concentrated in the Temperate regions of both hemispheres. •Eu-stachts. — Herbaceous. Stems trailing, prickly 1. S. aculeolata. Stems erect, not prickly. Leaves lanceolate . . . . . . 2. iS". pseud onigricans. Leaves oblong-lanceolate . . . . . 3. 5. huillensis. Leaves oblong . . . . . . . ^. S. nemorivaga. Leaves ovate-oblong . . . . . . 5. 5. andongenais. Leaves ovate . . . . . . . %. S. cethiopica. **Ambleia. — Shrubby. Calyx-teeth deltoid. Leaves entire . . . . . . . 7. S. palcBstina. Leaves crenate . . . . . . . 8. Shea ; Cora, Pagazzi ; and without precise locality, Schimper, 936 ! Lasiocorf/s.] cii. labiat/e (baker). 471 5. L. argyrophylla, Vatke in Oester. hot. Zeitschr. 187;"), 90. An undershrub, with simple branchlets l2-^ ft. long. Leaves subsessile, oblanceolate, subobtuse, entire or obscurely toothed towards the obtuse apex, 1|- in. long, \ in. broad, silky on both sides. Whorls many, 2-10-fiowered ; bracts small. Calyx funnel-shaped, \ in. long; throat oblique, produced on the lower side ; teeth deltoid-cuspidate. Corolla as in L. ahyssinica. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl, Trop. Afr. 371. Leiucas aryy- rophylla^ Briquet ex Giirke in Engl. Jabrb. xxii. 135. L. hyssopifoUa, Franch. Sert. Somal. 57. L. franchetiana, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 135. M-lle I.and. Somalilaud : Ahl Mountains, at Yafir, 6000 ft., Hildehrandt, 852 ; Boobi, James Sf Thrupp ! and without precise locality, Revoil. 6. L. arabica, Jaub. et Spach, Illust. PI. Orient, iv. 126, t. 383. A tall branched perennial herb, with slender obscurely hairy stems. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, acute, deeply crenate, finely pubescent, 1-2 in. long. Whorls many-flowered, in the axils of large leaves all down the stem ; bracts large, subulate. Calyx finely hairy, \-^ in. long ; tube funnel-shaped ; throat oblique ; teeth deltoid-cuspidate, J the length of the tube. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx ; upper lip Ungulate, as long as the tube, finely hairy outside. Stamens shorter than the lips. — L. royleoides, Vatke in Linnaea, xliii. 98. Ballota roy- leoides, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 520. Leucas royleoides, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 136. Wile Xiand. British Somaliland : Ahl Mountains, 3400 ft., Eildehrandt, 1422. Also in Arabia. 35. ACROTOME, Benth. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii. 1206. Calyx accrescent, between tubular and campanulate, lO-ribbed ; throat oblique ; teeth 5-10. Corolla-tube as long as or longer than the lip ; limb bilabiate ; upper lip small, concave, lower 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, included in the corolla-tube ; lower pair longest ; anthers confluent, 1 -celled. Disk equal. Style bearded below the apex, entire or emarginate. Nucules acutely triquetrous, truncate at the apex. — Perennial herbs or undershrubs. Leaves entire or serinite, those subtending the whorls like the others. Flowers small, whitiijh. Species 4, the others in South Africa. 1. A. Belckiiy Giirke in Bull. Herb. Boiss. vi. 549. Stem erect, branched, pubescent. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 4 in. long, sub- acute, narrowed to a short petiole, deeply serrate, pubescent on both surfaces. Whorls few-flowered ; bracts subuhite, J in. long. Calyx pubescent, finally \ in. long ; teeth 8, deltoid, acuminate. Ziower Guinea. Gerraau South-west Africa : Hertroland ; Oiy'xiaxnh'x, Belck, 40. 472 CII. LABIAT/K (baker). [JkUlotd. 8(1. BALLOT A, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii. 1212. Calyx-tube funnel-shaped, 10-ribbed; limb usually with 5-10 teeth rarely more, or entire. Corolla-tube with a ring of hairs inside ; limb bilabiate ; upper lip ascending, oblong, concave ; lower :^-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, arcuate ; lower paii* the longest ; anther-cells 2, divari- cate. Disk entire or lobed. Style bifid at the apex. Nucules ovoid- oblong, smooth. — Perennial herbs or undershrubs. Leaves petioled, ovate, crenate. Whorls of flowers produced from the axils of developed leaves ; bracteoles foliaceous or subulate. Species 25, concentrated in the Mediterranean and Oriental regions, one South African. Whorls 2- How ered ....... 1. B.fruticosa. Whorls 5-6-flow6red 2. B. Uildebrandtii. 1. B. frnticosa. Baker in Kew Bulletin^ 1895, 225. A much- branched undershrub. Stems densely clothed with fine short white pubescence. Leaves petioled, orbicular, very small, crenate, subcoria- ceous, green and obscurely pubescent above, densely pubescent with raised veins beneath. Flowers solitary, sessile, axillary. Calyx finally J in. long; tube funnel-shaped, 10-ribbed; limb accrescent, oblique, shortly toothed, finally spreading, J in. diam. Corolla and stamens not seen. irile &and. British Somaliland : without precise locality. Miss Edith Cole ! 2. B. Hildebrandtii, Vatke et KuHz in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. 1875, 95. An undershrub, 5-6 ft. high, with slender woody densely hairy branchlets. Leaves distinctly petioled, small, ovate, deeply crenate, densely hairy on both sides. Whorls 5-G-flowered, sessile in the axils of the fully-developed upper leaves ; bracteoles firm, subulate, shorter than the calyx. Calyx-tube J in. long, funnel-shaped, densely pubes- cent, with 10 strongly-raised ribs; limb short, spreading, membranous, with 10 obscure teeth. Upper lip of the corolla oblong, emarginate, densely villous. — Vatke in Linniea, xliii. 96 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 369. wile ]Land. British Somaliland : Serrut Mountains, near Maid, 5200 ft., midebrandt, 1425 ! Ahl Mountains, at Yatir, 6500 ft., Rildebrandt, 849. 37. LEUCAS, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii. 1213. Calyx narrowly funnel-shaped or oblong, e(|ual or oblique at the throat ; ribs and teeth 8-10. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx, naked or furnished with a ring of hairs inside ; upper lip arcuate, convex ; lower about as long, 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous ; anther-cells divaricate, finally confluent. Disk equal or obliquely produced. Style Leucas.] CII. LABIATE (baker). 478 with a very short upper lobe. Nucules ovoid-triquetrous. — Annual or perennial herbs or undershrubs. Leaves entire or toothed ; upper tioral leaves like the others or reduced. Whorls few or many-flowered, usually remote. Corolla pallid ; upper lip densely clothed with white hairs. Species about 100, spread tlirongh the tropical regions of the Old World, one also American. ASTEODON, Benth. Calyx-tube not oblique at the throat. Bracts large. Leaves sessile or subsessile. Leaves linear . . 1. L. cephalantha. Leaves lanceolate . , 2. L. Stormsii. Leaves ovate. Wliorls 1-3 . . 3. L. menthcefolia. Whorls many. Calyx 1 in. long . . 4. L. myriantha. Calyx ^ in. long . . 5. L. masukuensis. Leaves obovate-cuneate . , . 6. L. cuneifolia. Leaves petioled. Leaves ovate-lanceolate . . . 7. L. usagarensis. Leaves ovate. Whorls distant . , , 8. L. nuhica. Whorls crowded into a terminal head 9. L. microscypha. Leaves obovate-cuneate. Perennial. Whorl 1, terminal . . . 10. L. masaiensis. Whorls few, axillary , 11. L. venulosa. Annual . . 12. L. Elliotii. Bracts small. Calyx-tube campanulate. Whorls 3-4.flowered . . 13. L. Pechuelii. Whorls many -flowered. Leaves oblong . . 14. L. altissima. Leaves suborbicular . . 15. L. injlata. Calyx-tube funnel-shaped. Leaves lanceolate, shortly petioled . 16. L. Jamesii. Leaves lanceolate or oblong- anceolate, sessile . 17. L. milanjiana. Leaves suborbicular , . 18. L. WeliDxtschii. Imperfectly known species . • 19. L. tomerUosa. =Plagiostoma, Benth. Throat of calyx -tube oblique produced on the upper side. The only species . . , 20. L. martinicensU =L0X0ST0MA, Benth. Throat of calyx-tube oblique, produced on the lower side, •j* Bracts obsolete. Annual 21. i. ehracteata. Perennial ........ 22. L. Holstii. ffBracts minute. § Leaves sessile or subsessile. Leaves oblong-lanceolate 23. Z. neuflizeana. Leaves oblong 24. L. Schweinfurthii. Leaves ovate. Calvx ^ in. long 25. Z,. concinna. 474 CII. LABIATE (baker). [Le Cal^^x ^ in. long .... Leaves orbicular ..... §§ Leaves petioled. Leaves oblong-lanceolate Leaves ovate-oblong. Hairs of stem and leaves few, rigid Hairs of stem and leaves many, soft Leaves ovate. "Whorls few-flowered. Leaves nearly glabrous Leaves more or less hairy. Leaves very small. Teeth of lower calyx-lip lanceolate Teeth of lower calyx-lip deltoid . Leaves about 1 in. long Leaves 1^-2 in. long . Whorls many -flowered. Wliorls2 Whorls many. Upper whorls close Whorls all distant. Leaves small . Leaves large . ftf Bracts large. §Leaves sessile or subsessile. Leaves linear or lanceolate. Whorls few-flowered . Whorls many-flowered. Calyx about ^ in. long. Leaves small Leaves large Calyx § in. long Calyx nearly 1 in. long . Leaves linear-oblong Leaves oblong-lanceolate. Fruit-calyx ^ in. long Fruit-calyx 1 in. long Leaves oblong. Whorls of flowers 1-2 Whorls of flowers many, crowded Leaves ovate. Whorls of flowers distant . Whorls of flowers approximate Leaves obovate-cuneate . §§ Leaves petioled. Leaves lanceolate. Whorls of flowers solitary, terminal Whorls of flowers more than one. Bracts linear-subulate Bracts lanceolate Leaves oblong-lanceolate. liCaves slightly hairy . Leaves with numerous adpressed hairs. Leaves acute .... 26. L, microphylla. 27. L. orbicularis. 28. L. decurvata. 29. L. Junodii. 30. L. lanata. 31. L. glahrata. 32. L. thymoides, 33. L. pratensis. 34. L. paucijuga. 35. L. shirensis. 36. L. nepetoides. 37. L. densijlora. 38. L. trachyphyUa. 39. L. lamioides. . 40. L. Fleckii. 41. L. BaJceH. 42. L. stricta. 43. L. villosa. 44. L. stenophylla. 45. L. NyasscB. 46. L. Descampsii. 47. L. tettensis. 48. L. oligocephala. 49. L. calostachys. 50. L. leucotricha. 51. L. grandis, 52. L. fasciculata. . 53. L. Carsonii. . 54. L. micranlha. . 55. L. bracteosa. . 56. L. defiexa. . 57. L. Volkensii. Leucas.] cii. labiate (baker). 475 Leaves obtuse . . 58. L. velutina. Leaves with numerous spreading hairs . . 59. L. megasphcBra Leaves ovate. Leaves very small • . 60. L. ColeoB. Leaves not very small. Stem finely hairy. Whorls 1-2 . . 61. L. kondowensis Whorls many. Annual . . . 62. L. urticifulia. Perennial . 63. L. Whytei. Stem densely' villous. Teeth of lower calyx -lip not cuspidate . 64. L. mollis. Teeth of lower calyx -lip cuspidate . 65. L. hukobensis. Leaves suborbicular . . 66. L. somaliensis. 1 . L. cephalantha. Baker. A perennial herb, with a very slender finely hairy stem 1 ft. long. Leaves firm, sessile, hairy, entire, linear with revolute edges, 1-1 J in, long. Whorl solitary, terminal, many- flowered ; bracts large, linear, rigidly ciliate. Calyx hairy, \ in. long; throat not oblique ; teeth small, deltoid. Upper corolla-lip \ in. long, densely villous. ncozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Lower Plateau north of Lake Nyasa, Thomson ! 2. L, Stormsii, Gilrke in Engl. Jahrh. xxii. 140. Stem simple or slightly branched, pubescent. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, lJ-2 in. long, \-^ in. broad, acute or acuminate, serrate upwards, membranous, pubescent on both surfaces. Whorls many-flowered ; bracts lanceolate, pubescent, as long as or shorter than the calyx. Fruit-calyx pubescent, J in. long ; throat not oblique ; teeth 10, lanceolate-subulate. Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Karema on Lake Tanganyika, Storms, 4. 3. Ij. menthsefolia. Baker. A perennial herb, with densely pilose spreading stems. Leaves nearly sessile, ovate, the largest 1 in. long, obtuse, crenate, thick, thinly pilose on the upper surface, densely pilose and with the main veins raised beneath. Whorls 1-3, distant, many- flowered ; bracts large, linear, densely ciliate. Calyx pubescent, ^ in. long ; throat not oblique ; teeth minute. Upper lip of corolla \ in. long, densely villous. Stamens included. nXozamb. Dist. British Central Africa : Urungu ; Fwambo, south of Lake Tanganyika, 5250 ft,, JSfutt ! 4. L. myriantha, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1808, 163. A peren- nial herb. Stems erect, pubescent, simple or forked. Leaves nearly sessile, ovate, 1-1^ in. long, entire, broadly rounded at the base, green and thinly pilose on both surfaces, densely dotted with black glands beneath. Whorls very numerous, many-flowered, contiguous, forming a long cylindrical panicle ; lower primary bracts large, upper 476 cii. LABIATE (bakeu). [Letocas. small ; flower-bracts lanceolate, as long as the calyx. Calyx densely pubescent, J in. long ; tube short ; throat equal ; teeth equal, setaceous. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx ; upper lip small, oblong. Stamens not exserted. Mozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Nyika Plateau, 6000- 7000 ft., Whyte, 178 ! 214 ! and between Mpata and the commencement of the Tanganyika plateau, Whyte ! 5. L. masukuensis, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 102. An erect perennial herb. Stem slender, branched, densely pubescent. Leaves nearly sessile, very small, broadly ovate, acute, broadly rounded at the base, subentire, green and slightly pilose on both surfaces, closely dotted with black glands beneath. Whorls close, many-flowered, forming a long cylindrical panicle ; primary bracts small, ovate ; pedicels very short ; flower bracts lanceolate, as long as the calyx. Calyx pubescent, J in. long ; tube subcylindrical, equal at the throat ; teeth subequal, lanceolate-setaceous. Corolla- tube as long as the calyx ; lips small. Stamens not exserted. Mozamb. Blst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Masuka Plateau, 6500- 7000 ft., TThyte ! 6. Li. cuneifolia. Baker. A perennial herb, with short hairy stems. Leaves subsessile, obovate-cuneate, firm, densely hairy, under 1 in. long, crenate in the upper half, entire in the lower half. Whorls many, few-flowered; bracts large, linear. Calyx densely hairy, \ in. long ; throat not oblique ; teeth minute, deltoid. Upper corolla-lip as long as the calyx. xrile Iiand. Somaliland : Zafarag, James Sf Thrnpp ! 7. Li. usagarensiSy Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xxii. 1 38. Stem 1 J-2 ft. long, slightly branched, pubescent. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate- lanceolate, l|-2 in. long, about 1 in. broad, acuminate, narrowed to the base, sharply serrate, sparsely villous on both surfaces. Whorls many- flowered ; bracts linear-subulate, hispid, as long as the calyx. Fruit- calyx § in. long, hispid ; throat slightly oblique ; teeth lanceolate-deltoid, mucronate. Corolla violet, under § in. long. Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Usagara ; Kidete, Stuhlmann, 183. 8. Ij. nubica, Benth. in DC. IWod. xiii. 530. A much-bi-anched erect annual, with pale finely pubescent stems. Leaves thin, petioled, ovate, acute, crenate, slightly hairy, the lower lJ-2 in. long. Whorls many, distant, many-flowered ; bracts large, linear, strongly ciliate. Calyx-tube hairy, \ in. long ; throat not obUque ; teeth large, linear- subulate. Corolla-lips small. — Schweinf . Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 1 28. irile Iband. Cordofan : among shrubs, on the plain of Arashkol Mountain, Kotschy, 111 ! Katul Gombara, Pfundy 202! and without precise locality, Kotschy^ 70 ! Abyssinia : in fields, near Gageros, 4000 ft., Schimper, 2168! Leiicas.'] cii. labiat.*: (baker). 477 9. L. microscypha, leaker. A much -branched erect annual under I ft. high, with nearly glabrous stems. Leaves siiortly pttioled, ovate, under 1 in. long, inciso-crenate in the upper half, moderately firm, green and nearly glabrous on both surfaces. Whorls many-flowered, forming dense leafless terminal spicate panicles ^-1| in. long; bracts large, ri^^id, linear-subulate. Calyx pubescent, J in. long; tube campanulate ; throat not at all oblique ; teeth subulate, nearly as long as the tube. Corolla small. Stamens included. Mozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : North Nyasaland, Whyie ! 10. L. masaiensis, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 403. A pe- rennial herb, vi^ith short slender ascending thinly hairy stems. Leaves shortly petioled, small, obovate-cuneate, pubescent, crenate except at the base. Whorls solitary, terminal, many-flowered; bracts large, linear, densely rigidly ciliate. Calyx hairy, { in. long; throat equal; teeth minute, deltoid-cuspidate. Corolla half as long again as the calyx ; upper lip densely hairy. — Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PI. xv. 74, t. 1405. Wile Xiand. British East Africa : Lykipia, 6000-8000 ft., Thomson ! 11 . L. venulosa, Baker. A perennial herb, with slender shortly densely pilose branches. Leaves shortly petioled, thick, obovate- cuneate, J-J in. long, crenate in the upper half, greenish and thinly pilose above, densely pilose with raised veins beneath. Whorls few, many-flowered, remote, axillary; bracts large, subulate, hairy. Calyx hair}', narrowly funnel-shaped, J in. long; throat not oblique; teeth minute, deltoid -cuspidate. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Wile X.and. British East Africa : Ukainba, 5000-6000 ft., Scott-Ellioi, 6463 ! 12. L. EUiotii, Baker. An annual, with slender erect branched finely pilose stems under 1 ft. long. Leaves subsessile, obovate or the upper oblanceolate, J-| in. long, obtuse, crenate, pilose on both surfaces. Whorls few, distant, many-flowered, axillary ; bracts large, subulate, densely pilose. Calyx funnel-shaped, hairy, J in. long ; throat not oblique ; teeth small, deltoid, with a large cusp. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Wile Kand. British East Africa : amongst long grass at Gilgil River, 6000- 7000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6566 ! 13. Li. Pechneliiy Baker. A suflfruticose perennial, with stems densely clothed with adpressed white hairs. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong, entire or obscurely crenate towards the tip, 1^, in. long, densely clothed with adpressed hairs on both sides. Whorls :^-4-flowered ; bracts subulate. Calyx densely clothed with white woolly hairs; teeth, 5 longer and subulate, and 5 intermediate A-J their length. Upper lip of corolla densely villous. — Lasiocorys Pechudii, O. Kuntze in Jahrb. Konigl. bot. Gart. Berlin, iv. 271. Kower Guinea. German South-west Africa : Hereroland, Pe%chel-Loe»ehe. 478 cii. LABIATE (baker). [Leucas. 14. L. altissima, E7igl. in Engl. Jahrb. x. 208. A perennial herb, 3-4 ft. high, with stems densely clothed with soft white hairs. Leaves small, sessile, oblong, subentire, densely hairy on both sides. Whorls very numerous, many-flowered, the upper approximate ; bracts minute. Calyx campanulate, J in. long, densely clothed with soft white spreading hairs; throat not oblique; teeth 10, deltoid, the alternate ones smaller. Corolla-lip small ; upper densely villous. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 878. Xower Guinea. Angola: Huilla, Welwitsch, 5484! Humpata, Johnston! Cunene River, Johnston ! German South-west Africa : Hereroland ; Otyimbingue, Marloth, 1410 ! 15. L. inflata, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 524. A branched erect perennial herb, woody at the base, with stems densely clothed with short soft white hairs. Leaves nearly sessile, suborbicular, crenate at the apex, J-1 in. long, softly hairy on both sides. Whorls very numerous, 6-10- flowered, many of the upper approximate and with reduced leaves ; bracts minute. Calyx campanulate, inflated, \ in. long, densely villous ; throat not oblique ; teeth deltoid, not cuspidate. Corolla twice as long as the calyx ; upper lip densely villous at the tip. — Schweinf. & Volk., Liste PI. Somalis, 12. Wile Iiand. Nubia : Coast-land, 3000-4000 ft.. Bent ! near Suakin, at Gebel Uaratab, Schioeinfurth, 141 ! at Hor Tamanib, 300 ft,, Lord! Singat, Schweinfurthj 283! Somaliland : Salul River, Ghika. Also in Arabia. 16. Is. Jamesii, Baker in Keiv Bulletin, 1895, 225. A perennial, with woody obscurely tomentose stems. Leaves shortly petioled, lan- ceolate, acute, subentire, cuneate at the base, subglabrous above, thinly pubescent beneath. Whorls many, many-flowered ; bracts minute. Calyx funnel-shaped, thinly hairy, J in. long, deeply 10-ribbed ; teeth minute. Upper lip of the corolla short, densely villous. xrile Iiand. Sonialiland : Zafarag, James Sf Thrupp ! and without precise locality, Miss Edith Cole ! Mrs. Lort-Phillips ! 17. L, milanjiana, Gurke in Engl. Jahrh. xxii. 141. A perennial herb, with slender shortly hairy stems. Leaves distant, small, sessile, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, entire or crenate, slightly hairy, narrowed to the base. Whorls few, distant, many-flowered ; bracts minute. Calyx hairy, funnel-shaped, \ in. long, finely ribbed; throat subequal ; teeth all minute. Corolla-lip J in. long, densely villous. IVIozamb. Dlst. Portuguese East Africa : Makua Country, on the Namuli Hills, Last ! Heira, Braga, 7, 109. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; North Nyasaland and Upper Loaugw a River, at Fort Young, Nicholson ! Blantyre, Buchanan, 23 ! 25 ! Manganja Hills Meller ! Ndirandi Mountain, near Blantyre, Scott-Elliot, 8578 ! Plateau of Mount Zomba, 5000-6000 ft., Whyte ! Mount Malosa, 4000-6000 ft., Whyte ! Mount Mlanje, Whyte ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 537 1 Leucas.] cii. labiate (baker). 479 18. L. Welwitschii, Gilrke in Engl. Jah7'b. xxii. 141. A perennial herb, with slender shortly hairy stems. Leaves nearly sessile, su})orbi- cular or broadly ovate, distinctly crenate, about 1 in. long, thinly hairy on both sides. Whorls few-flowered, confined to the upper nodes; bracts minute. Calyx hairy, funnel-shaped, J; in. long ; throat subequal ; teeth deltoid-cuspidate. Corolla-lips as long as the calyx, densely villous. — Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 876. Xiower Guinea. Angola, Welwitsch, 5563 ! 10. L. tomentosa, Giirke in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 343. A tomentose undershrub 4-5 ft. high, with ascending branches. Leaves sessile, oblanceolate, deeply crenate towards the obtuse apex, pubescent on the upper surface, tomentose beneath. Whorls many-flowered. Calyx densely villous; throat subequal; teeth deltoid-cuspidate. Corolla white. IVXozamb. Dlst> German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; between the Pangiuii and Himo Rivers, 2000-2500 ft., teste CHirke. 20. L. martinicensis, R. Br. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 533. An erect branched annual herb, 2-3 ft. high, with pubescent branches. Leaves oblong, thin, petioled, distinctly crenate, hairy on both sides, sometimes 2-3 in. long. Whorls very dense, remote ; bracts large, subulate. Calyx very hairy, \ (finally \) in. long ; throat oblique ; upper lip produced ; teeth subulate, unequal, the largest finally J in. long. Corolla small, fugitive. — A.. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 200 ; Yatke in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. 1875, 95 ; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 139 ; Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 123 ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 088 ; Zarb, Cat. Spec. Bot. Pfund, 33 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 370 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 876 ; L. Schimperi, Hochst. ex A. Br. in Flora, 1841, i. 279 ; Avetta in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. 61. Upper Guinea. Senegal, Leprieur (f) 122 ! Gambia, Brown-Lester, 40 ! Ingram ! irile Xiand. Nubia : Hor Tamanib, near Suakin, Lord I Cordofan : Obeid, Pfund, 22\ Eritrea: Bogos ; Keren, Steudner,\AQA:\ ^\\o\\os conwiry , Ehrenberg ; Habab, 5800 ft., Sildehrandt. Galabat : region of Matamma, Schweinfurth, 148 ! Sennar, Prince of Wurtemherg. Abyssinia : Tigre ; Haniedo, 5200 ft., Schimper, 139, near Adowa, Schimper, 15! Shire ; on the banks of the River Tacazze, Petit, 124! Shoa ; Fiume Havasch, near Mount Bosset, cultivated specimen, Ragazzi ; Samen ; Jaja, 6500 ft., Schimper, 283, Ataba, Steudner, 1409 ; and without precise locality, Schimper, 261 ! Somaliland : near Harar, Hardegger cf Paulitschke. British SomaULmd, without precise locality, Mrs. Lort-Phillips ! British East Africa : Jnr; Jur Ghattas, -Sc^weiw/wr^A, 2406! Torn district, near Ruweuzori, at Kivatn, Scott-Elliot, 7653 ! I.ower Guinea. Angola, Welwitsch, 5503 ! 5542 ! 5586b. MozambI) ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i «77. XiO^irer Guinea. Angola : Heiiguela ; on the borders of woods near Rensruela, Wawra, 292; Mo.ssumedcs, Capello, 5, Welwitsch, 5501! 5516! 5517, Chella Mountains, Johnston ! 22. L. Holstii, Gurke in Engl PJl. Osi-Afr. C. 842. A much- branched perennial, with ascending pubescent branchlets. Leaves dis- tinctly petioled, ovate, 2-4 in. long, acuminate, rounded or narrowed to the base, deeply. crenate, pubescent on both surfaces. Whorls dense, many- flowered, IJ-lJ in. diam., aggregated in a terminal head, sub- tended by much-reduced leaves ; proper bracts obsolete. Calyx-tube \ in. long ; throat very oblique ; teeth deltoid- cuspidate. Corolla white ; upper lip J in. long. XMCozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Usamhara ; Lutindi, 4800-5000 ft.. Hoist, 3312 ! Kwa Mshuza, Hoist, 8925 ! 2?). L. neuflizeana, Courh. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 4, ser. xviii. 145. An annual, with erect densely hairy stems J-I ft. long. Leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, hairy, deeply crenate, the lower 1-2 in. long. Whorls many, 8-12-flowered, the upper approximate, the lower spaced out; bracts minute. Calyx densely hairy, \-\ in. long ; lower side produced ; teeth deltoid-cuspidate. Corolla-lips small. — Britten in Gregory, Great Rift Valley, 896. L. paucicrenata, Vatke in Linnaea, xliii. 98. IVile Iband. Nubia : about 21° N. lat., coast-land up to between 3000 and 4000 ft., Bent! Dessi Island, in Anncsley Bay, Courbon. Eritrea: near Saati, Schweinfurth Sf Riva, 327 ! Abyssinia, Ehrenberg ! British East Africa : Taita ; Maungu Mountain, 2000 It., Johnston! Ndara, HUdebrandt, 2404! Ukauiba ; K'ltui, HUdebrandt, 2744. Kilimanjaro expedition, 40-60 miles from the coast, Johnston ! Ngurunga Kifaniko, south of Tzavo, Gregory, Bondoni, Gregory, Kapte, Plains, Gregory. AKozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro ; Lake Chala, VolJcens, 305 ! Also in Socotra. 24. Ii. Schweinfortliiiy Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xxii. L36. A peren- nial herb, with long simple stems, densely clothed with short white hairs. Leaves sessile, oblong, moderately tirm, pubescent on both sides, about 1 in. long, with a few shallow obtuse teeth in the upper half. Whorls many, distant, few-flowered ; bracts linear, minute. Calyx finely pubescent, J in. long ; throat oblique, produced on the lower side ; teeth deltoid, minute. Corolla not seen. xrile Dband. British East Africa : Niamniam ; Baginse Mountain, Schwein- furth^ 3823 ! Leucas.] cii. labiate (baker). 481 25. !■. concinna. Baker. A much-branched perennial, with stems j,'lat)rous except towards the top. Leaves sessile or sliortly petioled, small, ovate, slightly crenate, obscurely hairy. Whorls dii^tant, iew- flowered ; bracts minute. Calyx-tube hairy, J in. loi'g; lowest side produced ; teeth unequal, subulate, the lowest J in. long. Corolla twice as long as the calyx-tube ; upper lip very hairy. Wile Xiand. British East Africa : Mombasji, Wakefield ! Nearly allied to L. glabrata and L. microphylla. iiO. Ij. microphyllay Vatke in Linn(na,x\\\\. 1)7. Perennial. Leaves small, sessile, ovate, crenate, the longest above h in. long. Whorls 2-;-)-flowered ; bracts minute. Calyx hispid, \ in. long ; mouth sub- oblique ; teeth 10, subequal, subulate. Corolla-tube calloso-annulate inside. xrile land* British E;ist Africa : Dr.ruina, JTildebrandt, 2336. Mozamb. Dist. German East Africa: Usamb ira ; Masbeua, Hoist, 3561 ! 27. L. orbicularis, Giirke in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 343. An erect herb, with velvety-pubescent stems. Leaves sessile, orbicular or broadly ovate, under 1 in. long, rounded at the apex, cuneate at the base, cre- nate, very thick, velvety on both surfaces. Whorls many-flowered, con- gested at the ends of the branches ; bracts minute, setaceous. Calyx ^ in. long, very oblique at the throat ; teeth 10, short. Corolla reddish- white. IMEozamb. Dlst. German East Africa: Karagwe, Stuhlmann, 1819, common on the tops of the Karagwe hills, 4000-5000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 7514 ! 28. L. decurvata, Baker ex Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welv\ i. 87r.. Stem long, slightly hairy. Leaves thin, shortly petioled, oblong-lanceo- late, the lower 1^-2 in. long, crenate above the cuneate base, slightly hairy on both surfaces. Whorls few, distant, dense, many-flowered : bracts minute. Calyx J in. long, much deflexed in a late stage ; throat oblique ; lower lip produced, with 3 deltoid teeth. XiO\irer G-uinea. Angola, Welwitsch, 5526 ! 5554. 29. L. Junodii, Briquet in Ann. Jard. Bot. Genev. ii. (IHOS) UY.\. A herb about 1 ft. high, with branches hispid on the angles. Leaves petioled, ovate-oblong, 1-lJ in. long, subobtuse, green on both surfaces with scattered rigid hairs, with 2-4 large teeth on each side. Whorls axillary, 10-flowered ; pedicels absent; bracts minute, spinous. Calyx \-\ in. long ; throat produced on the lower side ; 7 upper teeth lanceo- late; 3 lower lanceolate deltoid. Corolla rose-red, produced J in. from the throat of the calyx. Mozamb. Blst. Portuguese East Africa: Mozambique; hills of liikalln. Junod, 92. 30. L. lanata, Baker. A perennial herb, with stem densely clothed with soft white hairs. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate-oblong, U-2 in. 482 cii. LABIATE (baker). [Leitcos. long, cuneate at the base, deeply crenate, thinly clothed with soft white hairs above, densely so beneath. Whorls dense, many-flowered, pro- duced from the axils of reduced upper leaves; bracts minute or obsolete. Calyx-tube funnel-shaped, -J in. long, densely clothed with white hairs ; throat oblique ; lower lip produced, its teeth deltoid. Corolla densely villous, twice as long as the calyx-tube. Wile Ziand. British East Africa : Kikuyu ; Kidung Valley, 6000 ft., Scotf- miiot, 6585 ! 31. Ij. glabrata, R. Br. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 524. A branched erect perennial herb, with slender subglabrous stems. Leaves petioled, ovate, acute, deeply crenate, thin, nearly glabrous, the lower 2-3 in. long. Whorls distant, few-flowered ; bracts minute. Calyx narrowly funnel-shaped, glabrous or slightly hairy, J in. long; throat oblique; lower lip produced ; teeth deltoid, with very large cusps. Corolla-tube slightly exserted ; 'upper lip obovate -cuneate, J in. long, densely villous. —A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 199 ; Jaub. k Spach, 111. PI. Orient, t. 385; Vatke in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. 1875, 95; Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 123 ; Zarb, Cat. Spec. Bot. Pfund, 33 ; Britten in Gregory, Great Rift Valley, 396 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 370. L. (jaleopsidea, Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 199. Nile Ziand. Dalak Island, Ehrenberff. Eritrea: Bogos; Keren, Steudner, 1417! Shohos Country, Ehrenberff, Pfund. Abyssinia: Togodele, Ehrenherg I Tigro ; near Jclajeranne, Schimper, 76-1 ! Tacazze Valley, Quartin-Dillon • and without precise locality, Schimper, 208! 388! British East Africa : Taita ; Maungu Mountiiin, 2000 ft., Johnston ! Kamasia, Gregory. Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Usaramo, Stuhlmann ! Also Natal, Delagoa Bay, and Arabia. 32. Ii. thymoides, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1895, 226. A peren- nial herb, with slender pubescent branches. Leaves petioled, ovate, -J-J in. long, crenate, densely pubescent on both surfaces. Whorls few, few-flowered, subtended by small leaves ; pedicels very short ; bracts minute, subulate. Calyx pilose, J in. long; tube funnel-shnped, 10- ribbed ; limb oblique, produced on the lower side; teeth small, lanceo- late. Corolla J-| in. long; tube cylindrical: upper lip lingulate, densely pilose, as long as the tube; lower smaller, 3-lobed. Stamens not exserted from the upper lip. irile Ziand. I»ritish Somaliland : without precise locality, Mrs. Lort-Phillips ! 33. L. pratensis, Vatke in Linncea, xliii. 97. A perennial herb, with long slender thinly hairy stems. Leaves small, thin, petioled, ovate, crenate, hairy on both sides. Whorls few, few-flowered, the lower very distant, the upper approximate and their leaves reduced ; bracts minute. Calyx hairy, | in. long; lower side produced ; teeth deltoid- cuspidate. Upper lip of corolla nearly as long as the calyx, densely villous. Wrile Xiand. British Jlast Africa: Taita ; Ndara, Hildehrandt, 2410! LeiLcas.] cii. labiate (baker). 481^ ')4. Ij. paucijuga, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 18!);'), 22('». A poren- nial herb, with slender pubescent stems. Leaves few, remote, shortly petioled, ovate, |-1 in. long, deeply crenate, rounded at the base, green and pubescent on both surfaces. Whorls few-flowered, subtended by large leaves ; pedicels very short; bracts small, rigid, linear-subulate. Calyx pilose, ^ in. long; tube funnel-shaped, l()-ribbed; limb oblique, produced on the lower side] teeth small, deltoid. Corolla-tube cylin- drical, as long as the calyx ; upper lip lingulate, as long as the tube ; leaves small. Stamens not exserted from the upper lip. IVlle Ziand. British Soin:>liIand : without precise locality, Mrs Lort-Phillipt J 35. L. shirensis, Baker. A perennial herb, with stems thinly clothed with short spreading hairs. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, acute, crenate, thin, thinly clothed with short spreading hairs, the lower 1^-2 in. long. Whorls few, few-flowertd ; bracts minute. Calyx densely ribbed, |-J in. long, clothed with spreading hairs ; throat oblique, lower side produced ; upper teeth small, lanceolate ; lower deltoid-cuspidate. Upper lip of corolla | in. long, densely hairy. IVXozamb. I>lst. Portuguese East Africa : Shauio, near tlie mouth of the River Shire, Kirk ! 36. L. nepetoideSy Baker. A perennial herb, with slender finely pubescent stems. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, crenate, very pubes- cent, especially beneath, at most 1 in. long. Whorls 2, many-flowered : bracts minute. Calyx laxly hairy, J in. long; throat oblique, produced on the lower side ; teeth deltoid-cuspidate. Upper lip of the corolla i in. long. Nile I.and. British East Africa : Knpte Plateau, 5000-6000 ft., Thomson ! 37. Ii. densiflora, Vatke in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. 1875, 95. A perennial herb 3-4 ft. high, with shortly hairy stems. Leaves petioled. ovate, acute, distinctly crenate, thin, slightly hairy, the lower li-2 in. long. Whorls many, many-flowered, 1 in. diam., the upper confluent, with their leaves much reduced; bracts minute. Calyx J in. long, very hairy ; lower side produced ; teeth minute, deltoid-cuspidate. Corolla not seen. Mozamb. Dlst. Island of Zanzibar at Kokotoiii, on coralline-limestone hills, midebrandt, 999 ! 38. L. trachyphylla, Janb. d- Sjxich, III. PL Orient, t. 380. A perennial herb, with slender finely hairy stems. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, crenate, 1 in. long, scabrous above, pubescent beneath. Whorls distant, 6-10-flowered ; bracts minute. Calyx hairy, ^ in. long, pro- duced on the lower side ; throat oblique ; teeth lanceolate, ^-''^'l"^^* J in. long ; upper lip as long as the tube.— Vatke in Linntea, xliii. 1)7. Nile I.ancl. British Somaliland : Ahl Mountains, near Maid, 3900 ft., //iWe- hrandt, 1423. Also in Arabia. 484 cii. LABiAT/E (baker). [Leitcas. 39. Li. lamioides. Baker. A perennial herb, with stems clothed with short spreading hairs. Leaves petioled, ovate, acute, deeply crenate, cuneate and entire at the base, thin, slightly hairy, the lower 2-3 in. long. Whorls distant, dense, many -flowered ; bracts small. Calyx slightly hairy, \-\ in. long ; throat oblique ; lower lip produced ; teeth deltoid-cuspidate. Upper lip of the corolla J in. long, densely hairy. Mozaxnb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; without pre(!i8e locality, Buchanan, 482 ! 40. L. Pleckii, Gurke in Engl. Jahrh. xxii. 140. Stem erect, pubescent, simple or slightly branched. Leaves sessile or subsessile, linear-lanceolate, 2 in. long, \-^ in. broad, subacute, irregularly serrate, pubescent on both surfaces. Whorls few-flowered ; bracts subulate, hairy, shorter than the calyx. Fruit-calyx J in. long ; throat oblique ; teeth all subulate, Kower Guinea. German South-west Africa : Damaralaud, Fleck, 733. Also in Namaqualand, south of the Tropic. 41. L. Bakeriy Hiern in Cat, Afr. PL Welw. i. 877. A branched erect annual, with slender shortly hairy stems. Leaves distant, sessile, linear, subentire, thinly hairy on both sides, 1-2 in. long. Whorls distant, many-flowered ; bracts linear, shorter than the calyx, densely and rigidly ciliate. Calyx very hairy, J in. long ; throat oblique ; lower side produced ; teeth lanceolate-deltoid, pungent, yV iu. long. Corolla not seen. X.ower Guinea. Angola : Welwitsch, 3232 ! 5512 ! 5513 ! 42. I«. stricta, Baker. A much-branched erect annual, with long straight hairy slender stems. Leaves distant, sessile, linear or lanceo- late, subentire or inciso-crenate, 2-4 in. long, thinly hairy on both sides. Whorls few, distant, many-flowered ; bracts large, linear, rigidly and densely ciliate. Calyx-tube densely hairy, \ in. long ; throat oblique ; lower side much produced ; teeth deltoid, with large spinous cusps. Lips of corolla \ in. long; upper densely hairy. — L. glabrata, Britten in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. 87, not of R. Br. Mozamb. Dlst. Portuguese East Africa : Lower Zambesi ; opposite Sena, Kirk ! Shiramba, Kirk ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; between the Songwe River and Karon^M, 1700-2000 ft., Whyte, 5 ! Tanganyika Plateau, at Fort Hill, 3500-4000 ft., Whyte ! Mount Mlanje, Whyte ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 706! 43. L. villosa, Gilrke in Engl, Jahrh. xxii. 137. Stem erect, branched, villous. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, 2-2J in. long, \-\ in. broad, obtuse, narrowed to the base, crenate upwards, pubcoriaceous, covered with long hairs on both surfaces. Whorls many-flowered ; bracts linear-subulate, above J in. long. Calyx hairy, § in. long when in fruit ; throat very oblique, produced on the lower side; 3 upper teeth Leitcas.] cii. lauiata: (kaker). 485 lanceolate, 7 lower deltoid, all inucronate. Corolla nearly 1 in. long ; upper lip only villous. nXozamb. Dist. (Jennaii East Africa : Ukwere district, in Usaramo, Stuhl- mann, 8412. Britisli Central Africa ; Nyasaland : Fort Hill, Tanganyika Plateau, 4500 ft., Whyte! 44. I«. stenophylla, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 138. Stem erect, little branched, villous. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, ^-J in. broad, acuminate, obscurely serrate upwards, clothed with ad- pressed hairs on both surfaces. Whorls many-tlowered ; bracts linear, mucronate, hispid, above J in. long. Fruit-calyx pubescent, nearly 1 in. long ; throat very oblique, produced on the lower side ; calyx-teeth mucronate ; 3 upper linear, erect ; 7 lower reflexed, of them the 3 central ovate-lanceolate. Corolla 1 in. long ; upper lip villous. nXozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Ukami ; near Gwala, 600 ft., Stuhl- mann, 8157, 8158. 45. Ii. Nyassse, GUrke in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 137. A perennial, with long branched densely hairy stems. Leaves nearly sessile, linear- oblong, densely hairy on both sides, obscurely crenate, the lower 2-3 in. long. Whoils solitary, terminal on the branches, many-flowered, 1| in. diani. ; bracts large, linear, very hispid. Calyx very hairy; tube J in. long ; throat oblique, pi-oduced on the lower side ; upper teeth deltoid ; lower lip with larger ciisph. Upper lip of corolla J in. long, densely villous. Mozaml). Dist. Kritish Central Africa : Urungu ; Fwambo, 5200 ft., Nutt ! Nyasaland; Shire Hij^Mands, between Blantyre and Zomba, Buchanan, 158! 460 ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 255 ! Northern Zambesia ; Batoka Highlands, near Victoria Falls, Kirk ! Near L. indica, R. Br. 46. L. Descampsii, Briquet in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 59. Stem robust, with long internodes, scabrous with rigid ascending or spreading hairs. Leaves sessile or subsessile, oblong-lanceolate, acumi- nate, lJ-2 in. long, closely crenate, narrowed to the base, dark green, thinly clothed with long spreading hairs. Whorl of flowers dense, solitary, terminal, 1 in. diam. ; bracts large, lanceolate, ciliate on the margin. Calyx sassile, \ in. long in flower ; throat oblique, produced on the lower side ; 3 lower teeth linear-lanceolate, \ in. long ; 7 upper much smaller, deltoid. Corolla protruding J in. from the throat of the calyx ; lips \ in. long. Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Upper Congo ; Moliro, Descamps. 47. L. tettensis, Vatke in Limuea, xl. 180. An erect annual herb, with pubescent stems 2-3 ft. long. Leaves subsessile, oblong- lanceolate or linear, 2|-3 in. long, ^-J in. broad, hairy on both surfaces, faintly crenate. Whorls terminal, few or solitary, many-flowered, nearly 1 in. in diam. ; bracts linear, hispid. Calyx hispid, with a 4«(; cii. LABiAT.*: (nAKEii). [Leucas. very oblique throat, in flower longer tlian the bracts, finally nearly 1 in. long ; lower teeth subdeltoid ; upper linear. Corolla white, slightly longer than the CJilyx, densely villous. XHKozamb. I>lst. Portui^uese East AlViia : uiaiuliiiid opposite the Island of Mozainbicjue, Peters ; Lower Zamliesi ; Tete, Peters ; Kios de Sena, Peters! 48. L. oligocephala, Hook. f. in Joitrn. Linn. Soc. vii. 218. A perennial herb, with slender hairy stems 2-4 ft. long. Leaves small, sessile, firm, oblong, crenate, densely hairy. Whorls 1-2, many- flowered ; bracts linear, densely filiate, half as long as the calyx. Calyx densely hairy, \-\ in. long ; lower lip much produced ; lower teeth deltoid-cuspidate ; upper small, lanceolate. Corolla lips small. — Engl. Hochgebirgsti. Trop. Afr. 870 ; Dew^vre in Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxiii. 105 ; Britten in Gregory. Great Rift Valley, 896. irile Ziand. British East Africa: Taita ; Ndi Mouutaii), Gregory. Upper Guinea. Cameroons : Cameroon Mountain, 7000-8000 ft., Mann, 1220! 1987! BCozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Usambarii ; Kwa Mshuza, Hoist, 9080 ! British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Blantyre, Descamps. 49. Ij. calostachys, Olw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 189, t. 88. A perennial, with densely hairy stems, woody towards the base. Leaves nearly sessile, oblong, lJ-2 in. long, crenate in the upper half, thinly hairy above, densely and softly hairy beneath. Whorls m.any, many- flowered, approximate, 1 in. diam., their leaves much reduced ; bracts setaceous, half as long as the calyx. Calyx hairy, J in. long ; throat oblique ; lower side produced ; teeth deltoid. Corolla half as long again as the calyx ; upper lip densely villous. irile Ziand. British East Africa: Madi ; Gani downs, Speke Sf Grant! XVXozamb. Blst. German East Africa : Karagwe ; near streams, Speke Sf Grant ! Ziower Guinea. Angola : Malange, Mechow, 348, fide Briquet. 50. Li. leucotricha. Baker. A perennial herb. Stems densely clothed with short soft white hairs. Leaves subsessile, ovate, crenate, thin, softly pubescent, especially beneath, the lower 8 in. long. Whorls many, distant, very dense ; bracts ovate, acute, half as long as the calyx. Calyx very hairy, | in. long ; throat oblique ; lower side pro- duced ; teeth small, deltoid. Upper lip of corolla very hairy, | in. long. wile Ziand. British East Africa : Taita ; Mwatate, 2000 fr., Johnston ! Maungu Mountain, 2000 ft., Johnston ! 5L L. grandis, Vatke in Linnoea. xliii. 9(1. An erect perennial herb, with densely hairy stems. Leaves sessile or subsessile, ovate, 1-1|^ in. long, strongly crenate. Whorls globose, many-flowered, approximate; bracts large, linear, hairy. Calyx 1 0-rib bed, finally |^ in. long ; throat oblique ; lower lip produced ; upper teeth very short ; Leacas.] cii. labiat.e (baker). 487 lower deltoid-cuspidate. Corolla-tube naked inside. — Giirke in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 342. wile Ziand. Hritisli East Africa : Taita ; Ndara, Hildebrandt, 2423, Maungu Mountain, 4500-5000 ft., ex GHirJce. X^ozamb. Dlst. German Rast Africa : Usambara ; Kwa Mshuza, Hoist, 9100! 52. L. fasciculata. Baker. An undershrub, with densely and shortly pilose woody branches. Leaves verysmall, sessile, fascicled, obovate- cuneate, thick, crenate in the upper half, green and thinly pilose above, densely clothed with soft white hairs beneath. Whorls numerous, many- flowered, crowded, forming a terminal subspicate panicle o-4 in. long; bracts large, subulate, rigid. Calyx hairy, \ in. long ; throat oblique ; lower lip produced, its teeth small, deltoid. Corolla not much longer than the calyx. srile Ziand. British East Africa : on grassy plains near Masai River, 6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6784 ! 58. L. Carsonii, Baker. A much-branched annual, with slender erect tinely hairy stems. Leaves shortly petioled, thin, distant, lanceo- late, very acute, crenate in the upper half, thinly hairy on both sides 1-2 in. long. Whorls many-flowered, solitary, terminal ; bracts large, linear, rigrdly ciliate. Calyx thinly hairy, J-J in. long ; throat oblique; lower side produced ; teeth deltoid -cuspidate. Lips of corolla short ; upper densely hairy. Mozamb. Dlst. Kavala Islands in Lake Tanganyika, Carson, 28 ! 54. L. micrantha, Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xxii. 186. Stem erect, branched, tomentose or pubescent. Leaves petioled, lanceolate, the largest 8 in. long, above ^ in. broad, acute, deeply crenate, clothed with adpressed hairs on both surfaces. Whorls many-flowered ; bracts linear- subulate, hispid, J- J in. long ; pedicels short. Calyx tomentose, J— J in. long; throat oblique, produced on the lower side ; 5 lower teeth deltoid; 5 upper linear-lanceolate. Corolla small ; upper lip villous. XVXozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Unyamwezi ; Tabora, Stuhlmann^ 575; Mwanza, on Lake Victoria at Smith Sound, Stuhltnann, 4605. 55. Li. bracteosa, Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xxii. 189. Stem erect, branched pubescent. Leaves shortly petioled, lanceolate, 8-4 in. long, under 1 in. broad, acute or acuminate, irregularly serrate, coriaceous, pilose on both surfaces. Whorls many -flowered, very distant ; outer bracts broadly ovate, rather shorter than the calyx ; inner lanceolate. Fruit-calyx hairy, above ^ in. long ; throat very oblique ; teeth all mucronate, the lower deltoid, the upper lanceolate. Corolla glabrous except the upper lip. MCozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : west of Irangi, Sfuhlmann, 4236. 56. L. deflexa, llook.f. in Journ. Linn. Soc.xii. 213. A perennial herb, with shortly hairy stems 4-5 ft. long. Leaves shortly petioled, 488 cii. LAniAT.i': (hakek). [Leuc(t8. obloiig-lancooliite, 2->\ in. long, narrowed to the base, distinctly crenate, slightly hairy. Whorls 2-4, globose, very dense, |-1 in. diam. ; bracts as long as the calyx, rigid, linear, ciliate. Calyx very deflexed, hairy, \ in. long ; lower lip 2>io(luced ; teeth deltoid. (JoroUa-lips very small. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 370. Upper Guinea. Caineroons : Cameroon Mountain, 7000 ft., Mann, 1232 ! 1976 ! i>7. 1m. Volkensii, Gurke in Engl. Pji. Ost-Afr. C. M2. An under- shrub r»-(; ft. high, with ascending puljescent branchlets. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong-lanceolate, :>-4 in. long, 1 -1 ^ in. broad at the middle, acute, narrowed to the base, finely crenate, densely pubescent on both surfaces. Whorls spaced out, axillary, dense, many-flowered, 1 in. diam. ; bracts linear, rigid, as long as the calyx. Calyx-tube sub- campanulate, \ in. long ; throat very oblique ; teeth deltoid-cuspidate. Corolla white. Mozamb. Sist. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro ; at Kifinika Volcano and above iMarangu, 8700 ft., Volkens, 1140! 58. Ij. velutina, C. II. Wright. Whole plant clothed with soft adpressed haiis. Stem branched. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, slightly serrate, acute at the base, 3 in. long, 1 in. wide ; petiole 3 lin. long, stout. Heads terminal, many-flowered ; bracts 2, like the leaves, but smaller; bracteoles subulate, 6 lin. long. Calyx-tube 4 lin. long; upper lip with 3 subulate teeth ; lower lip 2| lin. long, with 5-7 minute teeth. Corolla-tube o lin. long, slender; upper h'p densely fringed with hairs ; lower glabrous and strongly 2-nerved inside. XMozamb. »lst. Portuguese East Africa : on dry hills between Unangu and Lake Sliirwa, Johnson, 65 ! b\) . Ij. megasphsera. Baker in Kew Bulk m,! 81)8, 1 08. A perennial herb. Stems slender, tetragonous, pubescent. Leaves shortly petioled, distant, oblong-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, shalkT/W crenate, densely pilose on botli surfaces. Whorls 1-2, many- flowered, subi anded by large leaves ; pedicels short ; flower-bracts large, linear densely pilose. Calyx densely pilose, above J in. long ; throat oblique, produced on the lower side ; upper teeth linear ; lower small, ovate, acuminate. Corolla- tube as long as the calyx ; upper lip J in. long, densely clothed with white hairs. Stamens not exserted. Mozamb. Blst. liritish Ct-iitral Africa: Nyasuiand ; Nyika Plateau, 6000- 700() ft., Whyte! Upper Loangwa River, at Fort Young, Nicholson! Namasi, Cameron, ]0! Urungu ; Fwambo, Carson! ('>(). L. Colese, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1805, 220. A perennial herl), with a short erect pubescent branched stem. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, J-| in. long, acute, crenate, green and pube.«cent on })oth surfaces. Whorls dense, solitary, terminal, many flowered ; pedicels very short; bracts large, linear, densely ciliate. Calyx pilose, J in. long ; tube subcylindrical, 10-ribbed ; limb oblique, produced on Leitcas.] cii. labiat^e (baker). 4h!) the lower side ; teetli small, deltoid-cuspidate. Corolla J in. long; tube cylindrical ; both lips small. Stamens not exserted from the upper lip. Nile land. Britisli Somaliland : without precise locality, Miss Edith Cole ! 61. I«. kondowensiS) Baker. An erect branched herb, with slender finely pilose branches. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, 1-2 in. long, acute, deeply crenate, green and thinly pilose above, densely pilose beneath. Whorls 1-2, remote, many-flowered ; bracts large, linear, densely hairy. Calyx finely pubescent, J in. long ; throat oblique, lower side produced ;, tube funnel-shaped ; teeth small, deltoid- cuspidate. Upper lip of corolla small, densely villous. Stamens included. IMCozamb. I>ist> British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; hetween Kondowe and Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte ! Q^. L. urticifolia, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 524. An annual, with erect branched finely hairy stems J-2 ft. long. Leaves thin, petioled, ovate, crenate, 1-2 in. long, finely hairy on both surfaces. Whorls distant, many-flowered, globose, f in. diam. ; bracts large, linear, subrigid, densely ciliate. Calyx finally J in. long ; lower lip produced ; teeth deltoid. Corolla-tube naked inside ; lips very small. —A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 11)9 ; Vatkein Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. 1^75, 95; Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 123; Terracciano in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma, V. 101. Xrtle ]Land. Dalak Island, Ehrenherg. Haressan Island in the Bay of Hamfila, Terracciano. Nubia : about 21° N. lat., sea-coast to between 3000 and 4000 ft., Bent ! Eritrea : Habab district, 2000 ft., Rildehrandt , 691 ; Mount Zibo, near Saati, Schweinfurth df* Riva, 529 ! Abyssinia, Salt. G3. Ij. Whytei, Baker. An erect perennial. Stems thinly clothed with fine spreading hairs. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, 2-3 in. long, membranous, inciso-crenate, green and thinly pilose above, densely pilose beneath. Whorls several, very distant, many-flowered ; bracts large, linear-subulate, ciliate with bristly hairs. Calyx finely pubescent, ^- in. long ; throat very oblique, lower side produced ; upper teeth lanceolate ; lower deltoid, cuspidate. Upper lip of corolla \ in. long, densely villous. Stamens included. Mozaxnb. Blst. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; between Kondowe and Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte ! ()4. L. mollis, Baker. A perennial herb. Stems densely clothed with soft white hairs. Leaves petioled, ovate, U-2 in. long, obtuse, crenate, green and thinly hairy above, densely clothed with soft white hairs beneath. Whorls many, distant, many-flowered ; bracts large, linear, pilose. Calyx ^- in. long, densely hairy ; throat oblique ; lower lip produced, its teeth deltoid, not cuspidate. Corolla white, not much longer than the calyx ; upper lip small, densely villous. M-lle I.and. British East Africa : Ukaniba, 6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6748 ! 490 cii. LABiAT^E (baker). [Leucas. G5. Ij. bukobensis, Giirl-e in Engl. Jahrh. xxii. 189. Stem erect, branched, villous. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, 1 J-2 in. long, acute, narrowed to the base, deeply toothed, pubescent or villous on both surfaces. Whorls many- flowered ; bracts linear-subulate, about as long as the calyx. Fruit-calyx pubescent, J-J in. long ; throat oblique ; teeth deltoid, cuspidate ; lower lip deflexed. Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Karagwe ; Bukoba, on Lake Victoria, 3600 ft., Stuhlmann, 1572. 06. L. somaliensiSy Vatke in Linncea, xl. 181. A much-brnnched perennial. Stems clothed with yellowish tomentum. Leaves sub- orbicular, shortly petioled, \ in. long and broad, crenate- dentate, densely villous on both sides. Whurls few, many-flowered, crowded, nearly 1 in. in diam. ; bracts subulate, villous. Calyx in fruit J in. long, densely villous; throat oblique, produced on the lower side ; upper lip entire or emarginate ; teeth of the lower short, mucronate. Corolla twice as long as the calyx, densely villous. — L. indica, Vatke in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. 1875, 95, not of R. Br. ITile Xiand. British Somaliland : Ahl Mountains, 3200-6500 ft., Eildehrandt, 851. 38. LEONOTIS, Pers.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii. 1214. Calyx- tube funnel-shaped, arcuate, 8-10-ribbed ; throat oblique ; teeth 8-10, more or less unequal, the upper the largest. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx ; limb bilabiate ; upper lip elongated, concave, haiiy outside ; lower short, deflexed, with 3 subequal lobes. Stamens 4, didynamous, arcuate ; lower pair longest ; anthers 2-celled ; cells divaricate, subconfluent. Disk equal. Style shortly bifid. Nucules ovoid -triquetrous, obtuse or truncate, glabrous. — Coarse, tall, annual or perennial herbs. Leaves petioled, ovate, crenate. Whorls very dense, axillary. Flowers white or yellow. Species, about 12, several in South Africa, one now cosmopolitan in the Tropical zone. Annuals with thin nearly glabrous leaves. Corolla pale yellow . . . . . . . \. L. pallida. Corolla deep bright yellow . . . . . 2. L. nepetcefolia. Perennials with densely hairy leaves. Corolla white . . . . . . . . 3. i. Melleri. Corolla ustially bright orange-yellow. Leaves sessile . . . . . . . 4. X. Leonurus. Leaves petioled. Calyx-teeth very unequal. licaves with fine grey pubescence beneath Leaves with dense soft grey hairs beneath Leaves densely clothed with soft white hairs beneath ....... Calyx-teeth subequal ..... Perennial with slightly hairy leaves .... Perennial with glabrous leaves ..... 5. L. velutina. 6. L. Elliotii. 7. L. mollissima. 8. L. decadonta. 9. L. duhia. 10. L. Sehinzii. Leo)iotis.] cii. LABiAT.« (ijaker). 491 1. L. pallida, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 530. A branched annual herb reaching 4-,") ft. in height, with finely hairy stems. Leaves distinctly petioled, thin, ovate, crenate, finely hairy on the ribs beneath, the lower 3-4 in. long. Whorls very dense, 2-2^ in. diam. ; bracts lanceolate, rigid spine-tipped. Calyx-tube \-\ in. long, finely pubes- cent; teeth deltoid-cuspidate, spine-tipped, the uppermost the largest, J in. long. Upper lip of the pale yellow corolla J in. long. — Dew6vre in Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxiii. 105; Avetta in Ann. Istit, Bot. Roma, vi. Gl. Phlomis afrlcana, P. Beau v. Fl. Owar. ii. 82, t. 111. Upper Guinea. Liberia : Cape Palmas, Vogel, 36 ! Senegal, Leprieur, Perottet. iogoliiiid : AJisaliolie, Baumann, 47! Interiur of Western Lagos, Rowland ! Guinea, Thonning. Niger Territory : Borgu ; in tlie vicinity of towns. Barter, 1053 ! XVXozamb* I>lst> British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Blantyre, Descamps. irile Kand. Darfour, Purdy, 97 ! Nubia : between Korosko and Berber, Kotschy, 373 ! Cordofan : Kohn Mountain, Kotschy, 396 ! Eritrea ; Bogos ; Keren, Steudner, 1389! Galabat : region of Matarama, Schweinfurth, 139! Abyssinia; Tigre ; near Jelajeranne, Schimper, 1793 ! Shea ; Valley of the torrent Saur e Giacca, Antinori ; and without precise locality, Schimper, 178 ! Quar tin- Dillon ^ Petit, 17 ! Parkyns ! British East Africa : Bongo ; Duggudu, Schweinfurth, ser. iii. 54 ! 2. L. nepetsefolia, R. Br. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 535. An erect branched annual 4-5 ft. high, with stout finely pubescent stems. Leaves distinctly petioled, thin, ovate, crenate, nearly glabrous, the lower 3-4 in. long. Whorls very dense, 2-2^ in. diam. ; bracts large, linear, rigid. Calyx-tube obscurely pubescent, at first \ in. long ; upper tooth much the largest, lanceolate, like the others conspicuously mucro- nate. Corolla deep bright yellow, twice as long as the calyx ; upper lip J-J in. long. — Briquet in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. 59 ; Henriques in Bolet. Soc. Brot. x. 150 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 879. Upper Guinea. Sierra Leone : near Hegeat, in waste places, Scott-Elliot, 4000 ! Sherbro Island, Garrett in Scott-Elliot Herb. 5765 ! and without precise locality, Vogel, 94 ! Island of St. Thomas, Moller. Lagos, Millen. XJlle Iiand. British East Africa : Uganda, common on waste ground, Wilson, 57! DLower Guinea. Lower Congo, Hem, Dupuis. Angola, Welicitsch, 5500, 5562, 5577, 5578. Soutb Central. Congo Free State : MtowM, on Lake Tanganyika, Descamps. Mozamb. Z>ist, Lake Tanganyika, Cameron ! Kavala Islands in Lake Tan- ganyika, Carson, 32 ! Portuguese East Africa : Zambesi Delta ; between Mambucha and Vicenti, Scott ! Lower Zambesi ; Tete, Kirk ! Shupanga, Stewart ! KiosdeSena, Peters ; Inhauibane, Peters f Kerimba Islands and elsewhere in Mozambique, Peters. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Chibisa (Chikwawa) on the River Shire, Meller ! Cosmopolitan in the tropics. 8. L. Melleri, Baker. A perennial herb, with stout finely pubes- cent stems. Leaves petioled, ovate, crenate, green and shortly hairy above, densely clothed with whitish tomentum below. Whorls very dense, 2J in. diam. ; bracts minute. Calyx-tube hairy, { in. long ; teeth 492 cii. LABI AT yK (bakek). [Leouotis. with very conspicuous spiny tips, the upper much the longest ( j in. long). Corolla white ; upper lip densely clothed with spreading white haiis. Mozamb. Dlst. British CeuLrul Africa : Nyasaland ; Mangaiija Hills, 3000 ft., Meller ! Mouut Chiradzulu, 4000 ft., IVhyte ! 4. L. Leonurus, A*. Br. ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 58C. A branched perennial herb, with densely hairy stems. I^eaves sessile, oblong-lan- ceolate or lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, ^-1 in. broad at the middle, obscurely crenate, narrowed to the base, pubescent on both surfaces. Whorls few, distiint, subtended by large leaves ; bracts linear-subulate, pungent, shorter than the calyx. Calyx J in. long, pilose ; tube long ; teeth minute, deltoid. Corolla reddish -yellow, 18-21 lin. long, densely pilose ; tube rather longer than the calyx ; upper lip large ; lower small. Stamens not exserted. South Central. Congo Free State : Lunda ; Lulua River, Pogge, 360 (var. vestita. Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 194). Mozamb. Sist. British Central Africa : Urungu ; Fwambo, 5000-6000 ft., Carson, 31 of 1894 collection ! Kalangwizi River at Lake Moero, Carson, 19 ! Nyasa- land ; between Kondowe and Karonga, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte, 320. Also in South Africa. 5. Ij. velutina. Fend; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 535. A tall- branched perennial herb, with stout finely hairy stems. Leaves dis- tinctly petioled, ovate, crenate, very hairy beneath. Whorls very dense, 3 in. diam. ; bracts small, linear. Calyx-tube very hairy, J in. long ; teeth deltoid, uppermost much the largest. Corolla deep bright yellow, 1 in. long ; upper lip J-| in. long. — Yatke in Linnsea, xxxvii. 332 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsd. Trop. Afr. 371 ; Dew^vre in Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxiii. 105. zrile Ziand. Ethiopia, Kotschy,5\Q\ Abyssinia: Tigre ; near Adowa, Steudner, 1384 ; Samen ; Ghaba Valley, Steudner, 1388 ! Urahut District ; Mount Erareta, 10,000 ft., ScUmper, 758. Mozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa: Nyasaland ; Blantyre, Descatnps. Var. rugosa. Baker. Calyx and leaves beneath glabresccnt. Z. rv^osa^ Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 535 ; A. Rich. Tei.t. Fl. Abyss, ii. 201 ; Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 123. L. nepetcffolia, Hochst. in Schimp. PI. Abyss. Exsicc. No. 371. KTile Xiand. Cordofan : near Obeid, Cienkotosky. Eritrea: Mount Bizen, 6500 ft., Sckweinjurth Sf Riva, 2071 ! Sennar : near Roseres, Cienkowsky. Abyssinia : Tigre ; near Geunia in the Menisach region, Schimper, 371 ! Hainedo Plain, 4600 ft., Schimper, 758 bis. Shire Province, Quartin- Dillon ^ Petit, 14 ! and without precise locidity, Schimper,S7 ! British East Africa : Kikuyu; very common in Kidung Valley and near Lake Naivasha, 6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6503 ! Kapte Plateau, 5000-6000 ft., Thomson ! Soutb Central. Congo Free State: Monbuttu ; in the steppe near Kussumbo ]{ivcr, Schiveinfurth, 3199 ! 6. Ij. iElliotii) Baker. A much-branched perennial herb 5-10 ft. high, with pubescent sulcate tetragonous stems. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, the lower 2-3 in. long, crenate, greenish and slightly hairy above, Leonotis.] cii. labiate (baker). 493 densely clothed with fine soft grey hairs beneath. Whorls solitary, globose, large, terminal ; bracts large, linear-subulate, hairy. Calyx- tube funnel-shaped, slightly hairy, .^ in. long ; teeth very unequal, lanceolate-cuspidate, the uppermost the largest, nearly as long as the tube. Corolla bright orange yellow, twice as long as the calyx- tube ; upper lip densely villous. wile ]band. British East Africa : Mau Forest, 7000-SOOO ft., Scott- Elliot, 6950! 7. Ij. mollissima^ Gilrke in Engl. Jahrh. xxii. 141. A perennial herb, with finely pubescent branches. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, the lower ;^)-4 in. long, subacute, cordate, crenate, thinly pubescent and green above, densely matted with soft white pubescence beneath. Whorls 2-3, dense, 2J in. diam. ; pedicels very short ; bracts small, subulate, mucronate. Calyx pubescent, J in. long; teeth lanceolate- mucronate, the upper one much the largest. Corolla 1 in. long, very hairy, bright orange varying to pale yellow and pale red. Stamens included. Kower Guinea. Angola ; Humpatn, Newton, 106. Mozamb. Dlst. German East Africa: Kilimanjaro; near Marangu, 4R00 ft., Volkens, 235a ! at 4000-5000 ft., Johnston ! near Kilema Mission Station, 4800 ft., Volken.9, 1688, lower margin of the forest, 6500 ft., Meyer, 111 ; Usambara ; Kwa Mshuza, in openings in the forest, 4800 ft., Hoist, 9075 ! in the bush on the lower hills of Mlalo, Hoist, 387. 8. L. decadonta, Gilrke in Engl. Jahrh. xxii. 144. A perennial herb, with pubescent or glabrescent stems. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate-lanceolate, the lower 5-6 in. long, subacute, narrowed to the base, distinctly crenate, thinly pubescent above, densely pubescent beneath. Whorls 2-3, dense, globose, 2|-3 in. diam., subtended by reduced leaves; pedicels very short ; bracts linear, densely pilose, \-\ in. long. Calyx \ in. long, glabrous towards the base, pilose upwards ; teeth 10, equal, deltoid-cuspidate, \ in. long. Corolla bright orange, very hairy, 1 in. long. Stamens included. SCozamb. Dlst> British Central Africa : Nyasalaod ; Manganja Hills, East of Banque Pass, 3000 ft., Meller ! Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 78 of 1881 collection. 9. L, dubia, E. Meyer ; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 536. Perennial. Stem erect, 3 ft. long, finely pubescent. Leaves long-petioled, cordate- ovate, the lower 3-4 in. long, crenate, green and glabrous above, finely pubescent beneath. Flowers in dense axillary whorls ; pedicels very short ; bracts minute. Calyx cylindrical, f in. long ; upper tooth deltoid, acuminate, J in. long, the rest much smaller. Corolla twice as long as calyx, hairy, bright orange-red ; upper lip lingulate, as long as the tube ; lower lip small. Stamens as long as the upper lip. Mozaznb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Nvasalan*!, Mahon ! Flowered at Kew in September 1898. Also in South Africa. 494 cii. LABIATE (baker). [Leonotis. 10. L. Schinzii, Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xxii. 143. Stems branched, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves petioled, lanceolate, 1^-- ^^- lo^^g* acute, deeply seriate, glabrous on both surfaces, the veins raised beneatli. Bracts subulate, spinous. Calyx about J in. long, entirely glabrous or pubescent upwards ; teeih H, deltoid, rigid, spinous, the upper longest. Corolla orange-yellow. iMOvrer Guinea. Grermmi South- A-est Africa : Hereroland ; near Knruip.:mas, Fleck, 568 ; Great Namaqualand ; Horaeib, Schinz, 40. 39. OTOSTEGIA, Benth. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii. 1213. Calyx-tube funnel-shaped, lO-ribbed ; limb scarious, bilabiate ; upper lip small, ovate ; lower much broader, orbicular-cuneate, subentire or crenate. Corolla-tube included, with a ring of hairs inside; limb bilabiate ; upper lip arcuate, densely hairy outside ; lower deflexed, 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, arcuate ; lower pair the longest ; anther-cells divaricate. Disk equal. Style bifid at the apex ; nucules ovoid, obtut>e. — Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves sessile or petioled, entire or crenate. Flowers few or many in laxly disposed leafy whorls bracts herbaceous or spinous. Species about 10, the others inhabiting Arabia, North India and the Orient. Leaves subsessile, entire. Bracts with a pungent point . . . . .1.0. integrifolia. Bracts witiiout a pungent point . . . . 2. O. Steudneri. Leaves subsessile, crenate . . . . . . 3. O. tomento-sa. Leaves distinctly petioled, crenate. Lower lip of calyx obscurely crenate . . . . 4. O. scariosa. Lower lip of calyx distinctly crenate. Whorls many-flowered . . . . . . 5. O. repanda. Whorls 2-flowered . . . . . . 6. O. modesta. 1. O. integrifolia, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 522. A much-branched shrub, with slender woody branches, clothed with fine white tomentum ; nodes bearing a couple of large spreading spines from each side. Leaves nearly sessile, lanceolate, entire, 1-2 in. long, cuneate at the base, clothed on both sides with white tomentum. Whorls few or many, 5-6-flowered ; bracts rigid, tricuspidate. Calyx sessile ; tube \ in. long, densely pubescent, with 10 raised ribs; upper lip small, oblong, pointed, entire; lower orbicular-cuneate, | in. broad, faintly crenate. Corolla reaching to the tip of the lower lip.— A Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 197; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 309. Moluccella integrifolia, R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. Append. 64. wile Xiand. Eritrea ; Arrot Valley, 4200 ft., Schweivfurth Sf Riva, 675 ! environs of Acrur, 6100 ft., Schweinfurth Sf Riva, 1134! Abyssinia. : Tigre ; hills near Dungem Go, in the Memsach district, Schimper, 228 ! Samen ; Ataba, Steudner, 1381! Shire Province, Petit ! wn^ without precise locality, Schimper, ISQl 1850! Quartin- Dillon ^ Petit, 11 ! Otostegia.] cii. labiate (baker). 495 2. O. Steudneri, Schweinf. in Verh. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, 18(58, 682. A shrub, with slender woody spineless brunches clothed with whitish tomentum. Leaves oblong-hmeeolate or lanceolate, subse.ssile. entire, 1-U in. long, tomentose especially on the lower side. Flowers many in a whorl, sessile ; bracts lanceolate, not spinous, half as lono- as the calyx. Calyx-tube densely pubescent, J-i in. long; limb with 7 dis- tinct teeth and a produced orbicular lobe ^on the lower side. Corolla produced beyond the calyx-limb. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. wile Iiand. Abyssinia: Samen ; Ghaba Valley, 9700 ft., Steudner, 1398 • and without precise locality, Schimper, 26 ! ' 3. O. tomentosa, A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 198. A shrub, with woody virgate pubescent branchlets, without any spines. Leaves shortly petioled, very small, thick, oblong, obtuse, crenate, white- tomentose beneath, with much-raised veins. Flowers few in a whorl sessile ; bracts not spinous. Calyx-tube, funnel-shaped, densely pubes- cent, ^ in. long, with a small orbicular lobe on the lower side, and several crenations round the rest of the throat. Corolla not seen. Beck in Paulitschke, Harar, 458. Wile Ziand. Abyssinia : Province of Wojerat, Petit 1 Somaliland ; near Harar, on Mount Haquiu and at Lake Haramaja, Rardegger Sf Paulitschke. 4. O. scariosa, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 522. A shrub, with slender square pubescent branches, without any spines. Leaves thin, distinctly petioled, broadly ovate, conspicuously crenate, the largest 1 in. long, broadly cuneate and entire at the base, green and incon- spicuously pubescent above, densely pubescent beneath. Whorls laxly disposed, subtended by fully-developed leaves; bracts many, subulate, not spinous. Calyx-tube densely pubescent, \-\ in. long; upper lip small, ovate, entire ; lower orbicular, obscurely crenate, J in. broad. Corolla much protruded beyond the calyx-lip. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 198. 0. moluccoides. Jaub. k Spach ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, iv. 777, Clinopodiitm fruticosum, Forsk. Fl. ^gypt.-Arab. 107. srile Iiand. Abyssinia : Enderta district ; in stony mountainous places, near Chelicut, Quart in- Dillon Sf Petit, 10! and without precise locality. Salt. Also in Arabia and Midian. 5. O, repanda, Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. 522. A shrub, with pubescent branches, without any spines. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, crenate, 1-2 in. long, cuneate and entire at the base, green and obscurely pubescent above, densely pubescent beneath. Whorls numerous, many-flowered, subtended by fully-developed leaves ; bracts many, subulate, not spinous. Calyx-tube pubescent, \-\ in. long; upper lip very small, ovate ; lower orbicular, crenate, ^ in. broad. Corolla protruded beyond the lower lip of the calvx. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 198 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr.''370. Wile Ziand. Nubia : Gebel Shellal, in the Soturba Mouiitnins, Schtrpinfurth, 143! coast to between 3000 and 4000 ft., Bent! Eritrea: Arrot Vallev, 4.300 ft.. 496 cii. LABIAT.15 (baker). [Otostegia. Sehweinfurth Sf Rimy 690! around Acrur^ 6100 ft., Schweinfurth ^ Riva, 749! Keren, Steadner, 1395! Abyssitua : Tigre ; lower part of Mount Kubbi, near Genuia, in the Menisach distiict, iSchirnper, 125 ! Shoa ; Alin Ainba, Rolh, 530 (187) ! Ankober, Rolhy 531 ' and witliout precise locality, Quartin-Diiion djf Petit, 428 ! Schimper, GO \ 1938! Parkyns ! Salt. Also in Arabia. 6. O. modesta^ S. Moore in Joum. Bot. 1899, 65. Stem short, pale brown, tomentose when young, glabrescent. Leaves petioled, ovate, very small, obtuse, crenate or dentate, minutely pubescent above, tomentose beneath. Flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves ; bracts spinous, very slender, J in. long. Calyx-tube pubescent, narrowed to the base J in. long; upper lip very short, with 3 triangular teeth; leaves 4- in. long, undulated. Corolla twice the length of the calyx ; limb as long as the tube. IVlle Iband. British Somaliland ; Waggar Mountains, Mrs. Lort- Phillips. 40. TINNEA, Kotschy et Peyr. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. ii. 1220. Calyx campanulate, with two orbicular entire lips, very much enlarged and becoming bladderlike in a late stage and splitting down to the base into two lips. Corolla- tube broadly funnel-shaped, scarcely longer than the calyx ; limb bilabiate ; upper lip short, orbicular ; lower longer, deflexed, 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, arcuate ; anthers 2-celled; cells short, diverging, finally subconfluent. Disk equal. Ovary shortly 4-lobed ; style bifid at the apex; upper branch very short. Nucules clavate, furnished with a broad membranous wing. — Shrubs or perennial herbs. Leaves sessile or petioled, usually entire. Whorls 2- or few-flowered, axillary or forming terminal panicles. Flowers small, brownish. An African genus, chiefly tropical ; one species in South Africa, Branchlets not long and virgate. Calyx very large and inflated. Flowers in a terminal racemose panicle . . .1. T. physaloides. Fruit axillary, solitary or sparsely cyuiose . . 2. T. vesiculosa. Calyx smaller (finally ^~\ in. long). Leaves linear ....... 3. T.Jilipes. Leaves oblong . . . . . . . 4. T. cethiopica. Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate . . . 5. T. gracilis. Leaves broadly ovate 6. T. Fischeri. Leaves suborbicular 7. T. plaiyphylla. Branchlets long and virgate. Floral leaves large 8. T. vestila. Floral leaves small. Pedicels short. Flowers in pairs from the axils of reduced leaves . 9. T. antiscorbutica. Flowers forming a terminal racemose panicle. Bracts ovate, acute 10. T. BarteH. Bracts orbicular or obovate , . . . 11. T. eriocalyx. Pedicels as long as the liower-calyx . . .12. T. zambesiaca. 2'innea.] cii. labiat.*: (baker). 497 1. T. physaloides, Baker in Kew Bulletin, 1898, 16:3. A shrub, with slender woody densely pubescent bninches. Leaves {>etioled, ovate, 2-3 in. long, acute, broadly rounded at the base, entire, subglabrous on the upper surface, pubescent beneath. Flowers in a terminal raceme; pedicels pubescent, 2-4 lin. long. Calyx at first oblong, membrAnou«, pubescent, 7-8 lin. long, with two short rounded lips, tinally vesicular, cordate- ovoid, 1-1 1 in. long. Corolla pubescent, 1 in. long. Stamens included. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa : Nyasaland ; Masuka Plateau, 6500- 7000 ft., Whi/te, 289 ! 2. T. vesiculosa, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxii. 129. Stem and branches tomentose. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, 2^-3 in. long, acuminate, rounded at the base, entire, pubescent on both surfaces. Flowers solitary or in 3-5-flowered cymes in the nxils of the upper leaves; pedicels short, tomentose ; bracts petioler], lanceolate, acuminate. Calyx pubescent, above h in. long in the flowering stage, very accrescent, finally vesicular. Corolla reddish-violet. Nucules lanceelate. — Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. -iij^. IVXozamb. Slst. German East Africa : Ukami; near Xglewenu in the Uluguru Mountains, 4200 ft., Stuhlmann, 8843. 3. T. filipeSy Baker. A shrub, with pubescent slender branchlets. Leaves sessile, linear, small, thick, rigid, obtuse, mucronate, finely pubescent. Inflorescence a lax terminal raceme, with 2 flowers in each whorl and with very slender pedicels reaching J-| in. long, subtended by very minute bracts. Flower-calyx ^ in. long, densely hairy. Corolla- tube hairy outside, longer than the calyx. IVIozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Livingstone Hills to Uluna, Johnson ! 4. T. sethiopica, Kotschy and Peyr. Plant. Tinn. 2."), t. \\. A much-branched shrub, 3-5 ft. high, with woody branchlets shortly hairy upwards. Leaves oblong, shortly petioled, usually entire, firm, glabrous or pubescent beneath, the upper, 1 in. or less long, the lower lJ-2 in. long, cuneate at the base. Whorls laxly dispersed, usually 2-flowered ; bracts oblong, foliaceous, about as long as the flowers ; pedicels filiform, ^-^ in. long. Calyx finely pubescent, J-.\ in. long in the flowering stage, with lobes nearly as long as the tube, finally nearly 1 in. long. Corolla dark purplish-brown ; lower lip J in. long. Anthers glabrous. Wing of the fruit as broad as the elavate nucleus. — Bot. Mag. tt. 5637 and 6744 ; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 1 31) ; Britten in Gregory, Great Rift Valley, 396 ; Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 4C6. KTlle I«and. Hritish East Africa : Jur ; in the fore»t region tow aids Bongo, Mdlle. Tinne. Mittu ; Mvolo, Schweinfvrth, 2814! Unyoro, Sjteke 4" Orant ! Madi ; hanks of Madi burn, Speke ^ Grant, 705 ! Nitndi district ; Nzowi Kiver, Scott-EUiot, 6693! Ukamba; K'\tu\, Hildebrandf, 28.57! Nyika country, near Monibasn, Wake- field! Mombasa, Wakefield! Mombniui Island, Eildebrandt, 1924! Mkonumbi, Greffory. Mozamb. Blst. . Zanzibar, iTiVA: .' Genran East Africa : Kilimanjaro, 5000 ft., Johnston ! Usambarn ; Masheun, HoUt, 3496 ! K«a Msbuza, Holsl, 8967a ! Usaramo 498 cii. LABiAT.E (baker). [Tiiinea. district, Stuhhnann, G638 ! British Central Africa : Xyasalaud ; between the River Songwe and Karonga, 1700 2000 ft.. Whyte ! Masuka Plateau, 6500-7000 ft., Whyte I Tanganyika Plateau, at Fort Hill, 3500-4000 ft., Whi/te ! 5. T. gracilis, Gilrke in Eiujl. Jahrh. xx\\. 128. A shrub, with pubescent branches. Leaves subsessile or very shortly petioled, h\nceo- late or ovate-lanceolate, \-h in. long, obtuse, narrowed to the base, entire, coriaceous, pubescent on both surfaces. Flowers 1-3-nate in the axils of the upper leaves ; pedicels long. Calyx coriaceous, pube- scent, finally h in. long. Nucules narrowly obovoid, with an oblong basal areole. IVXozamb. Dist. German East Africa : Uiiyarawezi ; near Muhulalo, Stuhl- mann, 464. 0. T. Pischeri, Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xxii. 128. A shrub, with pubescent branches. Leaves long-petioled, broadly ovate, about 1 in. Ions:, narrowed or rounded to the base, deeply crenate, glabrous on both surfaces. Flowers solitary in the axils of the upper leaves on long pedicels. Calyx pubescent, not seen fully developed. Mozamb. Dlst. East Africa : without precise locality, Fischer, i. 175. 7. T. platyphylla, Briquet in Engl. Jahrh. xix. 104. A shrub, with robust tomentose branches. Leaves suborbicuiar, mucronate, cordate, above 2 in. long and broad, entire, rather thick, sessile or sub- sessile, green and pubescent above, clothed with grey down beneath. Racemes 0 in. Ion": ; pedicels -^V in. long; bracts subor))icular, much imbricate, J-§ in. long. Calyx downy, finally h in. long ; tube short, campanulate; limb deeply bilabiate. Corolla \-\ in. longer than the calyx. South Central. Congo Free State : Lumla : ]\Iussuniba, Pogge, 34G. 8. T. vesXXt2L^ Baker . An undershrub, with slender straight densely tomentose branchlets. Leaves opposite, sessile, orbicular, entire, miuutely mucronate, densely matted with thin whitish tomentum on both sides, the lower 1 in. long. Flowers in pairs from the axils of fully-developed leaves, on short pedicels. Calyx densely pubescent, J in. long in the flowering stage ; lobes orbicular, very short. Corolla- tube not longer than the calyx ; lower lip of the corolla nearly J in. broad. Anthers glabrous. Mozamb. Bist. British Central Africa : Rliodesia ; Leshumo Valley, Holub, 716! 717! 718! 719! y. T. antiscorbutica, Wehv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. 58. An undershrub, with long virgate densely pubescent branches. Leaves 2-3-nate, sessile, ovate, entire, strongly mucronate, broadly rounded at the base, moderately firm, scabrous above, pubescent beneath, 1-2 in. long. Flowers produced in pairs from the axils of reduced orbicular mucronate leaves \-\ in. long ; pedicels short. Flower-calyx globose, Tinnea.] cii. labiat.« (baker). 400 densely pubescent, ]-J in. long and broad; fruit calyx J in. long. Corolla brownish, twice as long as the calyx ; lower lip lar«'e Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 879. Iiower Guinea. Angola: province of Golungo Alto, 1090 24O0 ft., H'clicifsch, 1631 ! 1682! XVXozamb. Dlst. (ierman East Africa: Ubeiia district nortli of Lake Xyasa, Johnson! and without precise locality, Hannbujton ! 1(1. T. Barter!, Gilrke in Engl. Jahrh. xxviii. p. ;;U. An under- shrub -4 ft. high, with long straight pubescent virgate branches. Leaves 2-3-nate, nearly sessile, orbicular or oblong, obtuse, minutely mucronate, firm, densely pubescent on both sides, the lower 1 in. long. Inflorescence a long raceme, dense in the upper, lax in the lower part ; bracts small, ovate, acute, pubescent ; pedicels short, stout. Calyx in the flowering stage \-\ in. long, densely pubescent ; finally about \ in. long, split down to the base. Corolla-tube pubescent, rather longer than the calyx. Anthers glabrous. Nucules, including the broad wing, \ in. broad. Upper Guinea. Niger Territory : Xupe ; on the sides of hills, Barter, 971 ! 1261 ! 11. T. eriocalyx, Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. .')0. An undershrub, with long slender erect virgate densely hairy branches. Leaves 2-3-nate, nearly sessile^ oblong or the lowest orbicular, moderately firm, entire, minutely mucronate, 1-1 J in. long, green and glabrous above, obscurely pubescent beneath. Flowers in a terminal raceme, dense upwards, lax downw^ards ; pedicels short ; upper bract orbicular, as long as the flower-calyx. Flower-calyx orbicular, densely woolly, ^ in. long and broad. Corolla-tube scarcely longer than the calyx ; lower lip J in. broad. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 371 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pi. Welw. i. 880. Ibower Guinea. Angola: Province of Huilla, 5000 ft., Welwifsch, 1635 ! 12. T. zambeslaca. Baker. An undershrub, with long slender virgate branchlets, densely hairy upwards. Leaves 2-4-nate, shortly petioled, oblong or ovate, acute, nearly glabrous above, obscurely pubes- cent beneath, the lower 2-3 in, long, the upper growing gradually smaller. Flowers 2-4-nate, in a long terminal raceme ; pedicels \ in. long, often bracteolate ; bracts ovate, .-^cute, foliaceous, \-\ in. long. Calyx densely pubescent, \-\ in. long in the flowering stage ; lips half as long as the tube ; fruit-calyx very large and bladder-like. Corolla and stamens as in 2\ cethiopica. Nucules, including the wing, l-h in. long and broad. Mozamb. Dist, German East Africa: Zanguebar, KirA-, bS\ British Central Africa : Northern Zambesia ; Batoka Highlands, near Victoria Falls, Kirk ! Nyasa- land ; between Missale and Loangwe River, Nichohon ! opposite Cliibisa (Chikwawa), on the Kiver Shire, 400 ft.. Kirk! Biantyre, Buchanan, 651 Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 495 ! and without precise locality, Buchanan, 518 ! 500 CI I. labiate: (bakee). [Benschia, 41. EENSCHIA, Vatke in Linnaea, xliii. 94. Calyx campfinulate, with two entire orbicular lips, small in the flowering stage, in fruit much enlarged, finally splitting down to the base into two entire lobes. Corolla-tube narrowly funnel-shaped, three times the length of the calyx ; limb bilabiate ; upper lip orbicular ; lower lip longer, deflexed, 8-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, arcuate ; lower pair the longest; anther-cells short, divaricate. Disk equal. Nucules 4, clavate, triquetrous on the inner face, basally attached to a small aureole. Style bifid, the upper fork very short. Fruit unknown. Endemic and inonotypic. 1 . B . heterotypica, Vatke in Linnoia, xliii. 94. A much-branched undershrub, lJ-2 ft. high, with pale slender woody branchlets, finely pubescent upwar4s. Leaves ovate, obtuse, irregularly^ crenate, glabrous, the lower 1-1 J in. long and broad, truncate at the base ; petiole nearly as long as the blade. Inflorescence a long terminal raceme ; pedicels short ; bracts linear, as long as the pedicels. Flower-calyx ^-\ in. long, pubescent. Corolla purple ; tube J in. long ; lower lip yV in. long. Stamens all four slightly protruded beyond the upper lip of the corolla. — Tinneaheterotypica, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1877, 69, t. 185, fig. 8. Iflle £and. British Souialiland : Ahl MountainF, near Maid, 4500 ft., Hilde- brandt, 1429! 42. TEUCRIUM, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii. 1221. Calyx- tul,^e funnel-shaped or campanulate, rarely inflated ; teeth 5, subequal or the uppeimost largest. Corolla-tube usually not longer than the calyx; limb bilabiate; upper lip very short; lower longer, deflexed, 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous; lower pair longest ; anther- cells divaricate, confluent. Disk equal. Style subequally forked at the tip. Nucules obovoid, rugose. — Herbs or undershrubs of very various habit. Leaves entire or crenate, those that subtend the flowers either large and foliaceous, or reduced to small and. Abyssinia : Province of Uraliut, in chiiup meadows, Schimper, 1766 ! and witiiout precise locality, Quart in- Dillon Sf relit, l^^ter ! Also in Europe and Western Asia to the Himalaya. 2. T. Polium, Linn.; Benth. in DC. Prod. xii. ')\)\. A perennial herb, densely branched from the crown of the root, with wiry stems densely clothed with white tomentum. Leaves crowded, sessile, small, oblong, with crispate-crenate revolute edges. Flowers aggregated in dense globose terminal heads ; bracts small. Calyx densely villous, ;J in. long ; teeth small, ovate. Corolla Lwice as long as the calyx. — Vatke in Linnsea, xliii. S)0. Nile Iiand. Somaliland ; Serrut Mountains, near Maid, 5800 ft., Hildehrandf, 1-150 ! Adda (lalla, James Sf Thrupp ! Also in South Europe, North Africa and Western Asia. 4:5. AJUGA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii. li>22. Calyx-tube campanulate, 10-ribbed ; teeth .'), equal. Corolla-tube included or exserted ; limb bilabiate; upper lip very short; lower longer, 3-lobed, defiexed. Stamens -i, didynamous, arcuate, usually protruding beyond the upper lip of the corolla; lower pair longest; anther-cells divergent, finally confluent. Disk equal or obli(pie. Ovary shortly 4-lobed ; style subequally forked at the tip. Nucules obovoid, reticulated, obliquely attached. — Annual or perennial herbs, often .stoloniferous. Leaves usually crenate. Whorls '1- or many-flowered, axillary or forming terminal racemes bracteate by much reduced leaves. Species about 30, concesitrated in the extra-tropic.il regions of the Old World. 1. A. bracteosa, Wall. Cat. Xo. 2082. A perennial herb, not stoloniferous, much branched at the base, with ascending hairy stems, 8-12 in. long. Leaves usually in many pairs, the upper obovate-oblong, obtuse, sessile, entire or crenate, slightly hairy, the lower oblong, with £i cuneate base and obscure petiole. Whorls many-Howered, produced from the axils of the leaves all the way down the stem ; pedicels short, hairy. Calyx J; in. long ; teeth ovate-lanceolate, as long as the tube. Corolla blue, twice as long as the calyx-tube, straight, slender. — Benth. in Wall. PI. As. Rar. i. oU ; Engl. Hochgebirgstl. Trop. Afr. 871 ; Gurke in Engl. Pfi. Osfc-Afr. C. 842 ; Britten in Gregory, Great Rift Valley, 896. A. remota, Benth. in Wall. Cat. No. 2088, in Wall. PI. As. Rar. i. 59, and in DC. Prod. xii. 597; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abys.s. ii. 208; Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 121. Var. crenata, Baker. Stem and leaves more hair v. Leaves more crenate. — A. crenata, Hochst. ex lienth. in DC. Prod. xii. 597. A. remota, var. cur.esrens, Benth. I.e. M-ile I.and. Eritrea: Marakhat Valley, near Saganeiti, 6800-7100 ft., Schtcein- furtk S: 7i'tY«, 834! Abyssinia: Tigre ; Adowa, Schimper, 325. Debra Sina, neai- VOL. V. K ^02 cii. LABIATE (baker). [Ajuga, Adown, Qua it in- Dillon J Mftigouagou;i, Quart in- Dillon ; Sam en ; Debra Eski^ 07OO ft., Schimper, G8. Sluuta, Schimper, 545. Lotho, 8400 ft., ScJiimper, 483. Kat/, 7900 ft., Rohip cj- Stecker. British Kast Africa : Machakos to Kikuyu, 5000- 6000 tr., Scott-Elliut, 6584 ! Ukamba, 5000-6000 ft., Scott-Elliot, 6420 ! Mabokc Mountains, in tlie sand of a dry river, Scott- Elliot, 6549 ! Leikipia ; Guaso Laschau Gregotii, Marungu and Steppes of Kiroruma (Kiloluuia), Gregory. MCozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro ; at Marangu, 4600 ft. Volkens; 224 ! above Marangu, 8700 ft., Vollcens, 1159 ! Usambara, Hoist. Also in Arahin, Hinialayn, China and Japan. Okdek cm. PLA^NTAGINE^ (by J. U. Baker). Flowers regular, usually hermaphrodite. Calyx inferior, 4-partite ; sepals distinct, much imbricate. Corolla hypogynous, gamopetalous. scarious, marcescent ; tube ampulliform or cylindrical ; lobes 4, equal, spreading. Stamens inserted in the corolla-tube, usually 4 ; filaments filiform ; anthers versatile, 2-celled, dehiscent by a long slit, ovary superior, 2-celled or spuriously 8-4-celled ; ovules 1 to several in a cell ; style fihform, entire. Fruit capsular, dehiscent or indehiscent. Seeds attached to the placenta by their inner face ; albumen fleshy ; embryo usually straight, parallel with the hilum ; radicle short, inferior. — Perennial or annual herbs, acaulescent or caulescent. Flowers small, spicate, each subtended by a persistent bract. Species over 200. Cosmopolitan, mainly in the temperate and subtemperate regions. 1. PLANTAGO, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii. 1224. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamo-dioecious. Calyx-segments 4, subequal, or 2 outer larger. Corolla-tube cylindrical or ampulliform ; lobes 4, spreading horizontally. Stamens 4, inserted in the corolla- tube ; filaments filiform ; anthers versatile. Ovary usually 2-celled, with 1 to several ovules in each cell. Capsule membranous, circumscissile at the middle or the base. Seeds 2 to several, cymbiform, ^vith a ventral hilum ; albumen fleshy ; embryo straight or curved ; radicle inferior. — Annual or perennial herbs, often acaulescent, with the leaves in a radical rosette. Leaves very various, usually entire. Flowers incon- spicuous, spicate or capitate, each subtended by a single bract. Species 200. Cosmopolitan. Seeds 4-8 in a cell . . . . . . . 1. P. major. Seeds 1 in a cell. Acaulescent. Spikes short, dense, oblong 2. P. lanceolata. Spikes long, cylindrical. Leaves sessile, linear, entire . . . . 3. P. albicans. Leaves petioled, ovate. Leaves toothed 4. P. Fischeri. Leaves lobed 5. P. 2Jalmata. Plantago.^ cm. PLANTAGiNEiE (baker). 503 Caulescent. Stem glandular pu Descent . . . .0. /*. P.s-tfllu(,n. Stem glabrous except at the top . . . . 1 . P. strict a. 1. P. major, Liim,. ; Decne. in DC. Prod. xiii. 094. Perennial, acaulescent. Leaves several in a radical rosette, ovate, narrowed into a channelled petiole, 5-7-nerved, glabrous or slightly hairy. Peduncle long, terete. Spike cylindrical, 4-0 in. long ; bracts ovate-oblong, glabrous, as long as the calyx. Sepals oblong, glabrous, jV in. long. Oorolla-lobes small, ovate. Stamens short. Capsule ovoid, as long as the calyx. Seeds 4-8 in a cell, angled by pressure. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 20 0 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 395 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 881. srile Itand. Abyssinia: Tigre ; near Adowa, 7400 ft.. Quart in-Dillon, Schimjjer, 970 ; Begemeder (?) at Addi Shoa, 7400 ft., Schimper, 485 ! Iiower Guinea. Angola : Golungo Alto ; in fields around Saiigf, 1000-2400 ft., Welwitsch, 513, 514 ! Native of the North Temperate zone of the Old World, now widely diffused. 2. P. lanceolata, Linn. ; Decne. in DC. Prod. xiii. 714. Perennial, acaulescent. Leaves lanceolate, narrowed gradually to the sessile base or to a short petiole. Peduncle long, slender, furrowed. Heads very dense, globose or oblong ; bracts ovate, acute, as long as the calyx. Sepals oblong, obtuse, the outer often hairy. Corolla-lobes ovate, acute. Stamens and style long. Capsule 2-seeded. — A. Kich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 200 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 895. P. abi/ssinicay Hochst. ex A. Br. in Flora, 1841, i. 279. Iffile Xiand. Nubia : coast-land to between 3000-4000 ft., at about 21' N. lat.. Bent ! Eritrea : Hamasen district, Steudner, 1282 ; Degerra Valley, near Saganeiti, 7000 ft., Schweinfiirtfi ^ Siva, 1248! Teramne ; Godofehissi and Sassidolosatscha, Rohlfs ^ Stecker. Abyssinia : Tigre ; in fields near Adowa, Quart in-Dillou, Schimper, 143! Hauiedo Plain, Schimper, 138 ; Samen : Debra E>ki, 9700 ft., Schimper, 91, Ataba, Steudner; 1274 ; Dembea ; Gondar, Steudner, 1275 ; Shoa ; Let-Marefia, Ragazzi. Jaovrer Guinea. Gaboon : Munda ; Sibange Farm, Soyaux, 3K4 ! Native of the North Temperate zone of the Old World, now widely diffused. Tlie Abyssinian plant represents the var. capitata of Decaisne. 3. P. albicans, Linn. ; Decive. in DC. Prod. xiii. 70."). Perennial, acaulescent, densely tufted. Leaves sessile, linear, hairy, 1-0 in. long, obscurely 3-nerved. Peduncle elongated, more or less hairy. Spike long, cylindrical ; bracts ovate, glabrous, as long as the calyx. Sepals \ in. long, oblong, obtuse, hairy. Corolla-lobes small, ovate. Stamens short. Capsule 2-seeded. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. '6\io. Wile Xiand. Eritrea : around Saganeiti, 7100 ft., Schweinfurth ^- Rira, 800 ! Abyssinia: Serriro, 1\(^ it., Schimper, 7^! Geat, Schimper, 749! British Somali- land : witliout precise locality. Miss Edith Cole ! Mrs. LortPhHr>ps ! Spread through the Mediterranean region. r)04 cm. PhANTAciNE^ (baker). [Phintafjo. 4. P. Fischeri, £ngl. Hot. Jahrh. xix. Beihl. No. 47, 4S. An acaulescent perennial herb. leaves shortly petioled, broadly ovate, 2-3 in. long, firm, deeply dentate, turning black in drying, truncate or .slightly cordate at the base, 7 -nerved from the base, glabrous on both surfaces. Peduncles long, slender, many to a rosette. Spikes long, cylindrical, 3-4 in. long; bracts ovate, shorter than the flowers, with a firm centre and broad white scarious margin. Sepals oblong, obtuse, with a firm keel and broad scarious margin. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx ; lobes ovate, acute. Stamens much exserted. Capsule ovoid, as long as the calyx, 2-seeded. irile Xiand. British East Africa : Abori, Fischer, 512. XWEozamb. Blst. Geniian East Africa : Kilimanjaro : Mawenzi Peak, 8700 ft., Volkens, 'J4S. Liuui Ravine, 8700 ft., J'olkens, 1901 ! 5. P. palmata, Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. 11); vii. 213. Perennial, acaulescent. Leaves suborbicular, cordate, thin, finely hairy, shallowly, obtusely and irregularly palmately lobed ; petiole very long and slender. Peduncle very long. Spike dense, cylindrical, ] -5 in. long ; bracts ovate, glabrous, about as long as the calyx. Sepals oblong, obtuse, glabrous, -^^ in. long, with a brown keel and broad white margin. Corolla-lobes lanceolate, acute, nearly as long as the tube. Stamens short. Capsule ovoid, little longer than the calyx. Seeds 2, cymbiform. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 395 ; Aschers. Bot. Ost- Afr. 74, t. 4. P. Kerstenii, Aschers. in Sitzb. Gesell. Naturf. Fr. Berl. 1868, 2?j. Vpper Guinea. Cameroons : Cameroon Mountain, 7000 ft., Mann, 1962 ! Fernando Vo -. Clarence Peak, 7500-8000 ft., Mann, 611 ! UTile Xiand. Abyssinia : Begemeder : at Edda Jesus, near Debra Tabor, 9700 ft., Schimper, 1233 1 Bri'tish East Africa : Mau, 7000-8000 ft., Scott- JElliot, 6826 ! IMCozamb. 91st. German East Africa : Kilimanjaro, 7000 ft., in marshy places, JohnsLun, 173 ! Kersten ! and without precise locality, Hannington ! 6. P. Psyllium, Linn. ; DecTie. in DC. Prod. xiii. 7o4. Annual, caulescent, J-1 ft. high. Stems finely glandular-pubescent. Leaves sessile or verticiilate from the nodes of the stem, narrowly linear. Heads many to a stem, dense, globose, on ascending peduncles ; bracts ovate, glandular-pubescent, the lower rather longer than the calyx. Sepals oblong, L jn. long. Corolla-tube ampulliform, longer than the calyx ; lobes very small, ovate. Stamens short. Capsule 2-seeded. — A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, ii. 207. KTlle ]bancl. Abyssinia : Tigre ; near Adowa, Quarlin- Dillon / and without precise locality, Schimper, 977 ! Spread through the Mediterranean region eastward to India. 7. P. stricta, Schousb.; Decne. in DC. Prod. xii. 735. Annual, caulescent, |-1 ft. high. Stems glabrous in the lower part, slightly pubescent upwards. Leaves opposite or whorled from the nodes of the Flantago.] cm. plantagine^ (baker). 505 stem, narrowly linear. Heads many to a stem, globose, on ascending peduncles ; bracts ovate, the lower very acute, longer than the calyx. Sepals oblong, J hi. long. Calyx-lobes very small, ovate. Stamens short. Capsule 2-seeded. — Engl. Hochgebirgsfi. Trop. Afr. 3!i0 ; Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 164. P. rugoaa, Hochst. ex Decne. in DC. Prod. xiii. 785. Nile Iiand. Nubia : coast-land to between 3000 and 4000 ft., about 21' N. lat.. Bent ! between Atbara and the Ked Sea, Schweinfurth, 1344 ! Abyssinia : Tigre ; near Adowa, Schimper, 60! Abba Geriraa, near Adowa, ^Schimper, 76; Samen ; Debra Eski, 9700 ft., Schimper, 87 ; Lotho, 8400 ft., Schiniper, 414. Also in the Orient and North Africa. Scarcely more than a variety of P. Psyllium. ADDENDA. lA. GILLETIELLA, De Wild, et Dumnd in Coinptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxix, 71. Corolla-tube broadening upwards, gibbous below, curved ; lobes f), spreading. Stamens 4, included, affixed to the tube of the corolla above the middle ; filaments short ; anthers linear, glandular-pilose, bearded at the base ; lobes parallel, unequal at the base. Disk annular, interrupted. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules '1 in each cell and super- posed or solitary, erect ; stigma with two nearly equal lobes ; style flattened. Fruit drupaceous, li-celled, 2-seeded, globular. — A climbing shrub, glabrous in all its parts. Leaves entire. Flowers axillary, solitary, with two large bracteoles which adhere together before flower- ing and at flowering become more or less free to the base. 1. G. congolana, De Wild, et Durand in Coinptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxix. 72. Leaves obovate, petiolate, narrowed rather abruptly towards the almost hastate- cordate base, acute at the apex, G-8 in. long, 2-4^ in. broad ; petiole about 2 in. long. Peduncle more than 2 in. long; bracteoles acute, stated to be "ovate, J-1 in. long and |-1| in. broad," and "to enclose the corolla-tube, which is about 7 lin. long, to the middle " (the dimensions seem incorrect). Corolla-lobes about J in. long. Stamens with filaments only 1 lin. long ; anthers '2h lin. long. Style about 8 lin. long. Fruit described as o in. in diameter and nearly 2| in. in length, grooved at the middle,- with the remains of the style above. Ziower Guinea* Congo Free State: Kisai.tu, on the Inkissi River, Gillet. The meaning of the plirase " annularibns caljeis brevissimis," used of the cal^x, is not dear. (')«. Thunbergia Thonneri, JJe Wild, et Durand in Comptes- rendus Soc. Bot. Bely. xxxviii. 41. A climbing shrub, 10 ft. high. Stems at first sparsely pubescent, soon glabrescent. Leaves ovate, acuminate, acute below, 2^-(i-J in. long, 1-2| in. broad, slightly crisped and toothed at the margin, glabrous, on short petioles. Flowers soli- tary ; peduncles |-1J in. long; bracteoles ovate, represented as shortly acuminate in the figure cited below, but said to be long acuminate in the descriptions, glabrous except near the apex within, 1| in. long, I in. ADDENDA. 507 broad. Calyx-lobes long, narrow, with huirs or small scales. Corolla- tube yellow, long, nearly straight, sparingly hairy outside; lobes violet. Anther-lobes very unequal, with a bristly crest below, mueio- nate above. Stigma 2-lipped, drawn in the figure as cleft almost to the base, described as unequally bilobed and infuudibuliform. — De Wild. & Durand, Plant. Thonner. Congol. 38, t. viii. Soutb Central. Congo Free State: Bobi, near Gali, north of the Ri\er Congo, Thonner. The descriptions and the figvire disagree ; if the former are correct the plant is T. ajffinis, S. Moore. 66. Thunbergia liebrechtsianay De Wild, et Durand in Comptes- 7'endus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxviii. 132. A climbing shrub. Leaves ovate, rounded at the base, acute or shortly apiculate at the apex, glabrous, shining above, 2-3| in. long, 1-1 J in. broad; petiole 2 lin. long. Flowers two together on leafy branches; peduncle \\ in. long; brac- teoles ovate-acute, membranous, rosy-white, f in. long, 5 lin. broad, caducous. Calyx-teeth unequal, linear-subulate, acuminate, at least the longer, 5 lin. long, with white scales. Corolla-tube recurved, pilose, pale yellow without, deep yellow within, IJ in. long; lobes violet, J in. long. Anther-lobes unequal, pilose, with a bristly crest below. Stigma 2-lipped. Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Bangala, on the River Congo, Dcwevre. Apparently little more than a varietv of T. affinis, S. Moore. 13a. Thunbergia laborans, Burkill. A low herb, burnt down by grass-fires. Stems when old J lin. thick ; young stems softly hairy, not quadrangular. Leaves on very short petioles, ovate -elliptic, rounded below, obtuse or somewhat rounded above, entire, somewhat pubescent on both surfaces, J- J in. long, 4 lin. broad ; petioles h lin. long. Flowers on long peduncles; bracteoles ovate, acute, pilose-pubescent chiefly without, keeled, at flowering 6-7 lin. long and 2^-3 lin. broad. Calyx-teeth at flowering J lin. long, densely pubescent ; tube \ lin. long. Corolia-tube 6-7 lin. long, widening considerably upwards; lobes 2 i-3 lin. long. Anthers shortly mucronate above, the posterior pair each with one curved spur, the anterior pair each with two curved spurs at the base ; the margins fringed with hairs. Stigma 2-lipped ; the upper lip inrolled, exceeding the lower, which is rounded- deltoid. Capsule when ripe I in. long, pubescent, the beak \ in. long. Seeds covered with rows of spines, the lateral being a little flattened. Mozamb. 3>l»t. German Fast Africn : Urundi, -4000-5000 ft., i^cotl-Elliol, 8371 ! 20rt. Thunbergia Delamerei, *S'. Moore in Joum. Bot. I'JOO, '20b. Stems moderately thin, rampant, with reflexed hairs. Leaves ovate- hastate, obtuse, dentate-lobulate, membranous, pubescent, small, 5-8 lin. long, at the base 8 lin. broad ; veins prominent below ; petiole 2-3A lin. long, narrowly winged, pubescent. Flowers on peduncles 1:1-H in. long, conspicuously exceeding the leaves ; bracteoles short, oblong, very 508 ADDENDA. obtuse, pubescent, 8 lin. long, 8-4 lin. broad. Calyx-teeth linear-sub- ulate, pubescent, H lin. long. Corolla -tube almost 1 in. long, purple; limb about 1 in. in diam., apparently yellow. Anthers rather villous, those of the upper pair with one spur at the base, those of the lower with two spurs. Stigma 2-lipped, the upper lip slightly smaller than the lower. Z^ile Ziand. British East Africa, near Lake Marsabit, Lord Delamere ! 27a. Thunber^a Randii, aS'. Moore in Jour a. Bot. 10r>O, 201. Stem pubescent or puberulous. Leaves almost sessile, linear-oblong or almost linear and shortly hastate, obtuse at the apex, pilose- pubescent, 1 J-2^ in. long, 8-7 lin. broad ; petiole 1 lin. long, pubescent. Flowers on peduncles 7 lin. long ; bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, shortly and crisply pubescent. Calyx-teeth setaceous, rather hirsute. Corolla- tube narrow, white (?) ; limb j in. in diam. Anthers obtuse at the apex., spurred below, pubescent. Stigma 2-lipped, the lips subequal. Capsule 8 lin. long, pubescent. Seeds compressed, nearly 2 lia. in diam., covered with scale-like outgrowths. Afozamb. Blst. British Central Africa : Rhodesia ; Buluwayo, Rand, 275 ! 276 : DifF^;is from T. kirkiana, T. Anders., in its elongated leaves, short petioles, and shorter peduncles. 47. Thunbergia oblongifolia, 0/tv. Add: — Var. Berringtonii, Burkill. Leaves linear-lanceolate, very acute. Hairs on the plant confined to the neighbourhood of the nodes. IVXozamb. Xklst. British Central Africa : Mashonaland, Berrington I bb. Thunbergia lameUata, Hiern in Cat. AJr. PI. Welw. i. 803. Stems about 1 ft. high, several from the root, rather conspicuously striate, sulcate when dry, without hairs. Leaves sub-erect, sessile, broadly linear or linear-sublanceolate, narrowed to both ends, obtuse, with a minute mucro at the apex, and with equally minute teeth scattered along the margins, glabrous but almost scabrid, 1^-8^ in. long, ^-| in. broad ; 2 lateral nerves arise from the costa near the base and run for J the length of the blade, other lateral nerves incon- spicuous. Flowers solitary or in pairs at the nodes ; peduncle \ in. long ; bracteoles lanceolate-ovate, acute, with a few teeth on the margins, 5-nerved, the outermost nerves obscure, 1-1^- in. long, J in. broad. Calyx with a,bout 12 long acute teeth, when the fiuit is mature J-| in. long, the tube being ^ lin. deep, without hairs or scales. Corolla and stamens unknown. Capsule ^-1 in. long, the beak 6-7 lin. long ; seeds \-\ in. long, ochraceous, covered with imbricate adpressed lamellae. "EaO-wer Guinea. Angola : between Lake Ivantala and Quilongues, Wehcitsch, 5062 ! and near Lopollo and Lake Ivantala, Wehoitftch, 31 (fruit), 827 (fruit). Of doubtful position, but probably near T. lanclfolia, T. Anders. ADDENDA. 500 1. Elytraria crenata, Vahl. De Wildeman and Durand have described (Comptes-rendus 8oc. Bot. Belg. xxxviii. 42), under the name Tubiflora paucisquamosa, an Elytraria which was sent to them by Dewevre from Bania Lecoula, in the Upper Congo region, and by Calva from Ciandayanga, in the Lower Congo region, which from their descrip- tion seems to be the form of E. crenata named on p. 28. as distri- buted through the Great Western forest region from Lagos to the Gaboon River and eastwards to Niamniam Land. It does not appear to be E. iimrginata, Vahl, but is the E. marginata of Beauvois, of Nees, and of Hooker' (11. cc). Lindau (1. c.) applies the name Tuhi- Jioi'a squamosa to it ; but then he unites it and the common South Ameiiean species, to which Jacquin's name, Verbena squamosa (Hort. Schoenb. i. 3, t. 5), obviously belongs. la. Hygrophila lindaviana, Bitrkill. Herb 20 in. high, more or less hirsute. Stems quadrangular. Leaves of the main stem sessile, lanceolate, auricled at the base, attenuate and acute at the apex, 3-7 in. long, |-1 in. broad, the auricles 5 lin. long; smaller leaves stalked. Flowers white or pale purple, in dense clusters in the axils of the leaves, with thorns as in H. spinosa, which, however, are so short as to be hidden by the bracts and calyces ; bracts and bracteoles lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate-hispid ; spines J in. long. Calyx with the upper sepal 1 in. long, the others shorter; the lower pair fused almost to the tips. Corolla-tube about 1 in. long. Stamens unequal, with the tila- ments of the lower pair broadened, each attached to the filament cf the upper stamen of its side at the base. Capsule J in: long, 8-10-seeded, elliptic-lanceolate. — Asteracantha lindaviana, De Wild, k Durand in Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxviii. 100, and Plant. Thonner. Coniro). 39, t. V. Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Evanikoyo ; near Businga, Thonner. Very closely allied to H. spinosa, T, Anders., if truly distinct. The authors call attention to the unusual nuniber of stopples (viz. four) which they observed in the pollen. They describe the pollen as having about 20 lines running from pole to jjole, and state that the pollen of H. spinosa differs in having fewer ; but this is not always the case. IGa. Hygrophila rhodesiana, S. Mocre in Joum.Bot. 1900,201. A low plant, springing up after being cropped down. Old stems (]uad- rangular, scarcely 1 lin, in diam., erect, glabrous. Leaves linear, con- spicuously ciliate with white hairs, upwards of \ in. long, ^ lin. broad, acute, the midrib prominent below. Spikes very few-flowered, 1 or 2 flowers at each node ; bracts like the leaves. Flowers conspicuous, purple. Calyx-lobes linear-subulate, ciliate, divided almost to the base, une(jua), the longest J in. long, the others o lin. long, almost setaceous at the tip. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx-lobes, !^uddenly widened into the throat; lower lobes Ij lin. long and almost 2 lin. broad, upper siraller. Stamens in two pairs, the filaments of those of each side 510 " ADDENDA. united, a little unequal. Capsule linear, 5 lin. long, f lin. broad, 8-seede(l. Mozaxpb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Rliodesia ; Salisbury, Rand, 519 ! Ire. Brillantaisia sabcordata, De Wild, et Diirand in Compies- rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxviii. 44. Herbaceous. Stem somewhat pilose. Lower leaves cordate, acuminate, decurrent on the petiole in very narrow wings, pilose on both sides, entire, \\-iS in. long, J-2 in. broad ; the uppermost elliptic and sessile ; petiole of the lower leaves about 1;^ in. long. Inflorescence many-flowered, glandular ; bracts linear-ovate, pilose, the uppermost about 2 J lin. long and | lin. broad. Calyx- segments about equal, narrowly linear, sparingly clad with glandular hnirs, .") lin. long. Corolla violet; tube about \ in. long; lips 9-10 lin. long. Capsule 1 in. long. — De Wild. & Durand, Contrib. Fl. Congo, i. fuse. 2, 47. Soutli Central. Congo Free State : Hokakata, Deiol'cre ; Bangala, on the River Congo, Dameuse. Var. maciophiilla, De Wild. & Durand, Contrib. Fl. Congo, i. fasc. 2, 47. Herb, 1|_2 ft. high. Leaves larger tlian in the type, 4^-7 in. long, 2^-5 .V in. broad; petiole 4 in. long. Soutli Central. Congo Free State : New Antwerp, Duchesne ! Very nearly allied to B. Lamium, Benth. 14a. Brillantaisia Dewevrei, De Wild, et Durand in Comjytes- rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxviii. 45. Stem woody, 3-6 ft. high, tetra- gonous, pilose. Leaves ovate, 2-8 in. long, 1^-4 J in. broad, acuminate at the apex, somewhat cordate at the base and prolonged downwards in broad coarsely-toothed wings along the petiole, with white hairs ; margins coarsely toothed ; petiole 2 in. long, including the wings 5-14 lin. broad. Inflorescence racemiform, with glandular hairs, 8-11 in. long, bracteate. Calyx-segments linear, slightly broadened at the apex, the posterior 11 lin. long, the others 8 lin. long. Corolla Avith the upper lip white and about 13 lin. long; the lower lip purple, 13 lin. long; tube 4 lin. long. Stamens 10 lin. long. Soutb Central. Congo Free State : by the River Congo, between Lukolela and (lombi, JDewivre. Related to B. patula, T. Anders., and B. vogeliana, Benth. 5. Mellera Briartii, De Wild, et Durand in Comptes-o'endas Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxviii. 210. Leaves 1 by ^ in., ovate, spathulate, 3-lobed at the tip, glabrous above, thinly hairy beneath. Flowers in terminal panicles ; peduncle 4 in. long, hairy ; bracts 2, lanceolate, glandular- hairy. Calyx § in. long, deeply 5-lobed. Corolla nearly 1 in. long ; tube cylindric ; lobes 5, round, nearly equal. Anthers oblong, not spurred ; pollen striate. Capsules tetragonal. Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Katanga ; Nzilo Rapids, Briart. The number of ovules is not mentioned, nor the aestivation of the corolla, nor whether it is 2-lipped. It does not appear to belong to Mellera. ADDENDA. 511 :l TVhitfieldia longifolia, T. Anders. Add : Lindau in Comptes- rendiis Soc. Bot. Bel^^. xxxvi. 83. W. elongata, De Wild. &l Dui-and in Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxviii. ] 10, and Contrib Fl Congo i. fasc. 2, 48. ^ ' Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Lake Kinda, Descamps : Lubue, Luja ; Mtowa, Descamp.s ; Lisha, Hens, C. 343. Var. Dewevrei, C. B. Clarke. Scandent. Flowers densely cynied, white. Calyx- lobes rounded at the tip. Peduncles very hairy, glandular. — W. elungata var. Dewevrei, De Wild. & Duraud in Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxviii. 111. Soutli Central. Congo Free State : Mobanga, Dewicre. 6a. "SVhitfieldia arnoldiana, De Wild, et Darand in Comptes- reyidus Soc. Bot, Belg. xxxviii. 109. Leaves up to 8 by 3 in., distant. Panicles exceeding 2 in. long, loose. Corolla 3 J in. long ; otherwise as W. lateritia, Hook. — De Wild. & Durand, Contrib. Fl. Conto, i. fasc 2, 48. Soutb Central. Congo Free State, in forests in the vicinity of Stanleyville, Dewevre, Duchesne. G6. Whitfieldia liebrechtsiana, De Wild, et Durand in Cu^nptea- rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxviii. 111. Leaves 6-10 by H-3 in., oblong- lanceolate, long acuminate, with parallel sides ; otherwiseas W. lateritia. Hook. Iio^irer Guinea. North Angola : Chinganga (Kinganga), Dewevre. Said to differ froaa W. lateritia, Hook., further in the colour of the Howere, but the colour is not described. 21a. STROBILANTHOPSIS, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1900, 2<»2. Calyx 5-partite ; segments linear. Corolla obscurely 2-Iipped ; lobes 5, contorted. Stamens 4, similar ; anthers 2-celled ; cells oblong, not spurred ; pollen ellipsoid, longitudinally ribbed. Style subulate, posti- cous lobe very small. Ovules 2 in each cell, whereof commonly the upper alone perfects a seed. 1. S. hircina, S. Mom-e in Journ. Bot. 1900, 202, t. 410. A small glandular undershrub. Leaves J-^ in. long, linear-spathulate, obtuse. Calyx-lobes nearly J in. long, linear-oblong. Corolla 1 in. long. Capsule J in. long, glabrous. Mozamb. Blst. British Central Africa : Rhodesia ; Fort Gibbs, Rand, &40. 18. Petalidium linifoliuxn, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 25. Nearly glabrous. Stem 2-3 ft. long, erect, branched. Leaves 1 by ^-\ in. Flowers scattered, mostly solitary ; bracteoles J by J in., finally whit« vnih. reticulating green veins. Calyx \-\ in. long; teethe, unequal, much longer than the tube, minutely haii*y. Corolla-tube | in. 512 ADDENDA. long; limb l\ in. in diam. Capsule ^— J by J in. — Harv. Thes. Cap. ii. 27, t. 148. ZiO\(rer Guinea. Damaraland, Misi- Elliot. Also in extra-tropical Xamnq>>aliin(l. 1. Blepharis boerhaavisefolia, Pers. Add: B. boerhaaricf 'folia, var. nif/ro-i'emilosa, De Wild, tt Durand, Contrib. Fl. Congo, i. fasc. 1, 46. ' Xiower Guinea. Lower Congo : Moanda, Vanderyst. This variety is not new ; it is S'ckweinfurfk, 2761, mentioned on p. 96. 7a. Blepharis tenuirainea, *S'. Moore i7i Jourtt. Bot. lOOO, 20.'). Branches 2 in. long, slender, erect, much-dividing, strigose, finally glabrous. Leaves 1-2|- in. long, narrow-linear, spinous-acuminate, approximated in very unequal pairs, rarely spinous on the margin. Flower-branches very short, closely clustered near the ground, 1 -flow- ered ; floral leaves lanceolate-oblong ; bract oblanceolate, spinous on the margin ; bracteoles 0. Corolla A-§in. long. Cells of the ovary 1-ovuled, Capsule ^ in. long, ellipsoid. Mozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Xyasaland, Buchanan, 387. 29. Blepharis grossa, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 'Mk Scabrous hairy. Branches G-lO in. long, bearing no spikes except close to the base. Leaves 1 J by | in., entire, many approximate in fours. Spikes clustered close to the crown of the root, 2 by 1 in., 2(>-8()- flowered, densely hirsute ; bracts 1 by \ in., sub-4-ranked, rigid, with spinous teeth ; bracteoles \ in. long, linear. Calyx hairy within and without; anticous segment J in. long. Cap.sule Jin. long, flattened, 2-seeded. — Acanthodium grossuni^ Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 274, not cf Wight. liower Guinea. Angola, Curror ! 1. Thomandersia laurifolia, Baill. Add : 2'. Ilensii, De Wild, tt Durand in Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxviii. 108. Soutb Centi^al. Congo Free State: Coquilhatville, Dewerre; Bangala, ifen.y, C. 113! 2. Thomandersia congolana, I)e Wild, et Durand in Comptes- rendus Soc. Bot. Belrj. xxxviii. 107. Corolla red-brown ; tube J in. long, lobes yV in. long ; otherwise as T. laurifolia, Baill. ZiO\irer Guinea. Lower Congo, Cabra. South Central. Congo PVee State : between Salembao and Leopoldville, Dewerre. 9rt. Barleria Randii, ,S'. Moore in Jourv. Bot. 1900, 203. Plant glabrescent. Leaves elliptic, spinous-acuminate, cuneate at the base, hyaline on the margins; floral leaves similar to the others; interpetiolar ADDENDA. 513 spines rigid, flattened, much shorter than the leaves. Bracts similrtr to the interpetiohir spines; inflorescence short, few- flowered. Posticous sepal oblonj^-ovate, spinous-nciuninate ; 2 anticous sepals connate to the tip. Corolla yellow, 2-lipj)ed ; anticous lobe oblong, much sliort^^r tlian the 4 posticous lobes. Filaments of the stamens puberulous. Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: lllioilcsia ; Bnluwayo, Jinnd, l].j. 25a. Barleria Delamerei, *S'. Moore in Joiii-n. Bot. 11)00, 20C. An undershrub. Leaves ]-?> in. long, ovate, spinulose-mucronate, cuneate at the base, {pubescent- Kacemes one-sided, short, 1-8-flowered. Interpetiolar sjnnes paired, sparingly branched, as long as the leaves ; bracts similar to the interpetiolar spines. Outer sepals |-| in. long, oblong, strongly spine-toothed. Corolla IJ in. long, blue. Stamens 2, with 2 rudiments. Perfect ovules 2 in each cell of tlie ovary. Wile Ziand. British East Africa : Lake Marsabit, Lord Delamere. Olrt. Barleria Briartii, De Wild, et Durand in Comptes-rendics Soc. Bot. Belij. xxxviii. 212. Branches villous, white. Leaves H-2^ by 1 in., ovate-elliptic, nearly sessile, very hairy and white beneath. Flowers \\ in. long, solitary, axillary. Calyx f in. long; anticous segment obscurely 2-toothed. Ovary hair}', white. South Central. Congo Free State : moiintains of the gorges of the Nzilo liiver, Briart. Described as very near B. I'entrico.sa. 2()a. Justicia elegantula, >S. Moore in Joum. Bot. 1900, 2t>4. Plant 2-0 in. high, loosely hairy. Stem-leaves \-\ in. long, linear- oblanceulate, obtuse. Spikes many-flowered, interrupted at the base ; floral leaves similar to the stem-leaves, much longer than the subulate bracts. Cal\x-segments nearly J in. long, linear, closely cilia te- hairy. Corolla nearly h in. long, fine purple. Ovary glabrous, with -A ovules. Mozaxnb. I>ist. British Central Africa : Rliodc^^ia ; Salisbury, Rand, 508. Var. elaiior, S. ^Nfoore, I.e. More robust, 5 in. high; spikes elongate. IMCozamb. Blst. Hritis^h Central Africa : Hhotle«ia ; Salisbury, Rand, 642. Vav. repens, S. ^L^ore, I.e. Stem creeping, pubescent. Leaves up to ^ in. broad. IVIozamb. Bist. British Central Africa : Rhodesia ; Salisbury, Rand, 509. •48. Justicia odora, Vahl. The name ./. leucoderrnis, Schinz, is iiiven erroneously as a synonym of J. odora on p. 201 ; it bejongs to a species of Monechma found, as yet, only to the south of the Tropic of Capricorn. 64. Justicia extensa, T. Anders. Add : Duvernot/a Deverrei, De Wild. & Durand in Corrptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxviii. 1(>2. Soutb Central. Congo Free State: Ba«ankussn, on the Lulonga River Dsn-evre. No example of Dui'ernot/a Dewerrei has been seen ; from the description it ranks as a subdivision of J. extensa. 514 ADDENDA. 71a. Justicia Goetzei, Lindau in Enyl. Jahrh. xxviii. 484. Stem simple, a span long, pubescent. Leaves petioled, subcordate- ovate, rounded at the tip, pubescent. Spikes axillary, peduncled, one- sided; flowers rather large, glabrous without, pubescent within. Calyx-segments 5, unequal. Lower cells of the anthers long-tailed. Capsule unknown. Mozaznb. Dlst. German East Africa: Uhehe; Ukano Mountaiu, 6000 ft., Goetze, n. G85. 72a. Justicia exigna, *S'. Moore in Journ. Bot. lOOO, 204. Stem slender, creeping, puberulous. Leaves \-}i in. long, ovate, obtuse, early glabrescent. Spikes several-flowered, § in. long; floral leaves minute, subulate. Calyx-segments \ in. long, subulate. Corolla \ in. long, spotted. Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary. Mozamb. BIst. British Central Africa : Rhodesia; Buluwayo, Hand, 389. Also collected just' south of the Tropic. 1. Rhinacanthus communis, Nees. Add: R. ]xirviJIoras, T. Anders, ex De Wild. & Durand in Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxviii. 105. B. Bewem-ei, De Wild. & Durand I.e. Soutb Central. Congo Free State : in thickets at Bokakata, Dewi'vre. No example of R. Dewevrei has been seen ; from the reference to it. parvijlorus, T. Anders., it would appear that R. Dewevrei is a subdivision of R. couimunis. Fseuderanthemum lindavianum, De Wild. & Durand in Comptes-rendus, Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxviii. 104, appears to be Rhinacanthus communjs also. It was collected by Dew^vre at Chimbete in the Con^ro Free State (Lower Guinea) ; and De Wildeman and Durand, who neglect to describe the anthers, diagnose it thus : — Branches with ferruginous hairs. Inflorescences spike-like, axillary or terminal, more or less inter- rupted at the base ; bracts ^ in. long Flowers several in the axils of the bracts, Tose-white. Calyx 4 in. long. Corolla 2-lipped ; tube 1^ by J^ jn. Capsule |by ^ in., stalked, velvety. Seeds 4, round, compressed, 4 in. diam., rugose-reticulate. 2a. Ecbolium Clarkei, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. p. 1032. Leaves not panduriform. Bracts narrower, not cordate. Seeds not tuberculate. Otherwise as E. amplexicaule, S. Moore. E. ampleocicauley C. B. Claike, supra^ p. 237, in part, not of S, Moore. Aower Guinea. Angola: Loanda, Welicitsch, 5124! 5203! Ambriz, Monteiro ! The name Ecbolium amplexicaule, S. Moore, belongs to the Nile Land plant collected by Gregory. 1. Peristrophe bicalyculata, yees. Add: Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 484 ; De Wild. & Durand in Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvi. 84. P. Dewevrei, De Wild. & Durand in Comptes-rendus Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxviii. 103. XiOwer Guinea. Lower Congo : Zobi, Dewevre. Soutb Central. Congo Free State : Mtowa, Dexcamps; Lufira, Descamps. Moxamb. Dist. German East Africa : Ukami ; South Uluguru Mountains, Goetze, 355. No example of P. Dewevrei has been seen ; from the description it would be a subdivision of P. hicalyculata. ADDENDA. 515 la. Peristrophe Dorise^ Terracciano in Ann. htit. Bot. Roma, v. 102. Stem hairy. Leaves hairy on the nerves and margins. Panicles axillary, twice or thrice dichotomously cymose with a paduncled flower at the dichotomous division ; otherwise a« P. blcalijculata, Nees. xrile Xiand. Eritrea: Ferehan Volcano, Terracciano. Described as close to P. bicalt/culata,on\y differing in the hairiness and characteristic inflorescence. These, however, as described, can be found in P. hiraltfculata. 16. Dicliptera Melleri, Rolfe. Add : iJiajjediuni Melleri, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1900, 205. Mozamb. Dlst. British Central Africa : Rhodesia : Salisbury, Rand, oOTb. 4a. Lantana subtracta, Rieim in Cat. Afr. PL Wehc. i. 828. A perennial herb, with sarmentose hispid stems 1-lJ ft. long. Leaves opposite, mostly spreading, ovate-oblong or obovate, 1-H in. long, rigidly herbaceous, obtuse, narrowed to the base, crenate, yellowish- green, scabrous. Heads solitary in the axils of the lower leaves, ovoid or globose, J-J in. long; bracts ovate or elliptic, hispidulous on the back, the central ones \ in. long. Calyx ttV in- long, compressed, keeled, Qot winged. Corolla white, \ in. long. Fruit ovoid, rather com- iMO'weT Guinea. Angola: Huilla ; in hilly places and in thickets near Lopollo, Welwitsch, 5756 ! 4. Stachytarpheta mutabilis, Vahl. Add: Valerianoides muta- bilis, 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. ii. 510 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Wehv. i. 830. ort. Prenma polita, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. JVdw. i. 832. A shrub •4-6 ft. high ; young branches pubescent. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate, 2-3 in. long, acuminate at the apex, rounded at the base, entire or slightly repand on the revolute margin, thinly coriaceous, deep green and rather gloSvSy above, slightly pubescent. Cymes terminal, 2-3 in. in diam. ; pedicels short ; bracts linear. Calyx campanulate, ^j in. long, glandular-pubescent, unequally 5-lobed ; lobes obtuse. Corolla glandular-pubescent, hairy inside at the throat; lobes small. Stamens glabrous. Fruit globose, i-J in. in diam. XiO^^er Guinea. Angola: Golungo Alto ; thickets of Ako Queta Mountains, Welwitsch, 5656 ! 5725. Habit of Clerodendron glahrum, E, Meyer. JFelicitsch, 5725, in tiie Kew set is Clerodendron myricoides. 6. Clerodendron conglobatam, Bakei'. Add: Sijihoitanthica conylohata, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Wolw. i. 840. 7. Clerodendron Kentrocaoley Baker. Add : Siphonanthus costulata, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 843, 8. Clerodendron glabriun, E. ^fe^/e7\ Add : Siphoaanthns (jlabra, Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pi. Welw. i. 842, where are described two varieties, incantata and i^or/a, both from Angola, 516 ADDENDA. 13. Clerodendron volubile, Beaav. Add : SiphonaiUhus volubilis, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 842. Or«. Clerodendron botryodes. Baker. A sarmeiitose glabrous sht'ub. Leaves opposite or alternate, distinctly petioled, oblong, vJ-l^ in. long, l.l-f) in. broad, acuminate, rounded or subcordate at the base, entire or slightly toothed. Panicle oblong, 2-1) in. long ; branches pubescent ; pedicels tvV-tV i^- ^^J^g- Calyx campanulate-oblong, I in. long, glandular-pubescent ; lobes deltoid, acute. Corolla white, ^-^ in. long; lobes obovate, not very unequal, J in. long. — Sij)honaiithi(s hotryodes, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Wehv. i. 843. Ziow^er Guinea. Angola : district of Golungo Alto, Wehnfsch, 5662 ! 5711, 5714. 06. Clerodendron thyrsoideum, Gilrke in Engl. Jahrh. xxviii. 203, ?iO^ of Baker. A shrub. Leaves distinctly petioled, elliptic, 2-4 in. long, rounded at 'the base, entire, acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Inflorescence a thyrsoid panicle 10-12 in. long. Calyx broadly campanulate, ^ in. long; teeth 5, ovate-deltoid. Corolla-tube broad, \-\ in. long ; lobes oblong, \-\ in. long. Soutb Central. Congo Free State : witliout precise locality, Dewevre^ 812. \)c. Clerodendron bipindense, Gilrke in Enyl. Jahrh. xxviii. 200. A climbing shrub, with slender terete glabrous branchlets. Lpaves shortly petioled, oblong, ')-() in. long, bioadly cuneate at the base^ entire, cuspidate at the apex, membranous, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes 'very lax, axillary, peduncled ; pedicels very long. Calyx campanulate, glabrous, jV in. long ; teeth 5, small, deltoid. Corolla yellowish, pubescent; tube cylindrical, | in. long; lobes small, obovate. Style twice as long as the corolla-tube. Upper Guinea, f'ameroons : in forests to the north of Victoria, 300 ft., Pre w*.?, 1358 ; in forests near Bipinde, Zenker, 1217 I Ebea Kecks, DinTclarje, 288 ; near Batanga, Dinklcufe, 1367. 1(1. Clerodendron Formicarum, Gilrke. Add: ^'iphonanthu» Formicarum, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 843. lOrt. Clerodendron yaundense, Gilrke in Engl. Jahrh. xxviii. 297. A shrub, with slender terete glabrous branchlets. Leaves opposite, shortly petioled. ovate, 2-5 in. long, broadly cuneate at the base, entire, cusi:>idnte, firm in texture, green and glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes lax, terminal, shortly peduncled, subumbellate. Calyx campanulate, glabrous, ^V i». loDg ; teeth small, deltoid. Corolla yellowish-white; tube cylindrical, twice as long as the calyx; lobes small, obovate. Stamens twice the length of the corolla-lobes. Upper Guinea. Cameroons :" Yaunde, 2500 ft., Zenker, 319, 5G1, 813! Zenker dy Siaudi, 485. 13rt. Clerodendron glabratiun, Gilrke in Engl. Jahrh. xxviii. 205. A shrub. Leaves ovate-elliptic, 2-4 in. long, narrowed to the ADDENDA. 517 base, entire, acuminate, glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes many- iiowered ; branches downy. Calyx-Lube campanulate, downy ; teeth deltoid-acuminate. Corolla-tube J in. long ; lobes broadly elliptic, ^'^j in. long. XMCozanab. ]>ist. Grerman East Africa : Usavamo ; Konduchi, Stuhlmann, 799(3. 22. Clerodendron splendens, G. Bon. Add: Siphonanthua splendeiis, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 841. Var. Bakeri, Baker, is a plant with villous-toinentose leaves, and with petioles up to 6 in. long. — Siphonanthus splendens, var. Bakeri, Hiern, I.e. Upper Cruiuea. Sierra Leone, Welwitsch, 5653. 24a. Clerodendron longitubum, De Wild, et JJurand in (Jomptes- rendits Sue. Bot. Bely. xxxix. 74. A climbing shrub, with velvety branch- lets. Leaves petioled, oblong,()-8 in. long, acuminate at the apex, cuneate at the base, undulated on the margin, glabrous above, velvety beneath. Cymes compact, axillary, long-peduncled ; pedicels ^-1 in. long ; bracts filiform. Calyx funnel-shaped, subglabrous, J-V in. long; lobes short, deltoid. Corolla-tube above 1 in. long ; lobes oblong, subequal, \ in. long. Stamens ex-erced J in. from the tube. JmOwbt Cruinea. Congo Free State : Kisantu, on the Inkissi River, Gillet. 29a. Clerodendron Thonneri, Giirke in Knyl. Jahrb. xxviii. '2\)-2. An erect shrub. Leaves distinctly petioled, elliptic, 4-G in. long, entire, rounded at the base, acute, glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes axillary and terminal, 2-8 in. long ; pedicels I in. long. Calyx cam- panulate, J in. long ; teeth 5, short. Corolla white ; tube nearly an inch long ; lobes elliptic, subobtuse. Soutli Central. Congo Free State : Boyangi, near Xdobo, on the Congo, 13U0 ft., Thonner, 69. 34a. Clerodendron congestnm, Giirke in Emjl. Jahrb. xxviiL 296. An undershrub. Leaves distinctly petioled, broadly ovate, 1^-3 in. long, cordate at the base, entire, acute, membranous, subglabrous. Cymes terminal, congested. Calyx campanulate, glabrous, \ in. long ; teeth lanceolate, acuminate, \ in. long. Corolla-tube \ in. long; lobes ovate, obtuse. — Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 466. Mozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Ukami ; on dry slopes of the southern Uluguru .Alountains, 32UO ft., Goetze, 213 ; Mrogoro, Stuhbnann, 8219, .H237. o46. Clerodendron polyanthum, Giirke in Kngl. Jahrb. xxviii. 290. A shrub or tree. Leaves alternate, distinctly petioled, elliptic, ^^''■^^ in. long ; entire, rounded at the base, acute, pubebcent on both surfaces, Cymes terminal, many-flowered. Calyx broadly campanulate, glabrous, \-\ in. long ; teeth 5, lanceolate, acuminate, \ in. long. Corolla-tube nearly an inch long ; lobes oblong. IMLozamb. 3>ist. Geruian East Africa: Utaramo ; iu moist wooded vaiUya, JStuhlmann, 8274. VOL. V. 518 ADDENDA. 'die. Clerodendron ulugnrense, Giirhe in Engl. Jahrh. xxviii. 204. A shrub or tree. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate, 2-3 in. long, cordate at the base, entire, acute, pubescent on both surfaces. Cymes axillary, ir)-25-flowered ; branches downy; bracts lanceolate. Calyx J in. long ; tube turbinate ; lobes o, lanceolate-acuminate, \-\ in. long. Corolk-tube nearly an inch long. — Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 465. Mozamb. Dlst. German Enst Africa: Ukami; Uluguru Mountains, near Tui.ungno, Stvhlmami, 8691. 3G«. Clerodendron Dusenii, Giirke in Engl. Jahrh. xxviii. 293. A shrub. Leaves shortly petioled, obovate, 2-5 in. long, rounded at the base, entire, acuminate, glabrous on the upper surface, pubescent on the ribs beneath. Cymes many-flowered. Cnlyx campanulate, pubescent, i in. long; teeth small, deltoid. Corolla and fruit un- known. Upper Guinea. ' Caracroons ; Ssangille, Ihtsen, 326. 37f(. Clerodendron subreniforme, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 291. An erect tree or shrub. Leaves distinctly petioled, broadly reni- form or orbicular or broadly ovate, lJ-2 in. long, lJ-3 in. broad, entire, cordate at the base, shortly cuspidate, minutely pubescent on both sur- faces. Cymes 6-12-flowered, corymbose, terminal and axillary ; peduncle hairy, 2-3 in. long. Calyx |-| in. long; tube campanulate ; lobes deltoid, acute, J in. long. Corolla unknown. Fruit ovoid, h in. long. Soutli Central. Congo Free State : without precise locality, Dewerre^ 917. 40. Clerodendron strictnm, Baker. Add: Siphonanthus striata, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 840. 41. Clerodendron capitatum, >S'cA?/?7iacA. <£■ Thonn. var. cepha- lanthuniy Baker. Add : C. cajntatum, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4355. C. Whitjieldii, Seem, in Bonplandia, x. 250. 44. Clerodendron megasepalum, Baker. Add : Siphonanthus sanguiriea, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 839. Under the same name Hiern includes Welwiisch, 5G88 — the type of 0. orbiculare (p. 307), possibly rightly : and it is probable that C. hysteranthum, Baker (p. 30(1) should be included also. 45. Clerodendron cuneifolium. ^oA-er. AM: Siphonanthns cunei- folia, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 841. 47. Clerodendron speciosum, Giirke. The author, in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 21' 1, changes the name of this species to C. angolense, to avoid confusion with the hybrid C. speciosvm, mentioned under C. spleudens. 52. Clerodendron 'Welvvitschii, Giirke. Add : SiphonaQithus. Welwitschii, Hiei:n in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 831). ADDENDA. :,VJ 57. Clerodendron thyrsoideam, Bak&>'. Name to be changed to C. Mannii, Baker, the adjective ' tkyrsoideum ' having been used by Giirke for another species. 58. Clerodendron myricoides, R. Br. Add : Siijliouaathus myricoides, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 844. Hiern names a variety herbacea (p. 845), which is founded on a herbaceous perennial form, collected by Welwitsch in Angola, No. 5768. Giirke (Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 299) makes four varieties — rtiicrophylluTn^ yrosseaerratmn^ canipcrum, and laxum — upon the variation of the leaf. 58a. Clerodendron silyicola, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 299. A shrub 10-12 ft. high. Leaves shortly petioled, elliptic, narrowed to the base, acute, strongly serrate, glabrous on the upper surface, hairy on the ribs beneath. Panicle lax, terminal ; bracts lanceolate, \ in. long, hairy. Calyx campanulate, pilose, \ in. long ; teeth small, deltoid, subobtuse. Corolla white ; tube broad, scarcely twice the length of the calyx. — Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 4C6. Mozamb. Sist. German East Africa : Uhehe ; on the Kigulu Plateau, iiortlieru Uchungwe Mountain, 5800 ft., Goetze, 563. 586. Clerodendron Dekindtii, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 301. A shrub G-12 ft. high. Leaves petioled, obovate-lanceolate, 1-1 J in. long, narrowed to the base, entire, acute, pubescent on both surfaces. Cymes terminal, lax, few-flowered. Calyx broadly campanulate, J in. long, pubescent ; teeth suborbicular, obtuse, as long as the tube. Corolla blue ; tube twice the length of the calyx. Xiower Guinea. Angola : Huilla, 5800 ft., Dekindt, 366, Antunes, 366. 58c. Clerodendron Scheffleri, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 301. A climbing shrub. Leaves petioled, obovate-lanceolate, 8-5 in. long, narrowed to the base, acuminate, serrate, membranous, glabrous on both surfaces. Panicle lax, terminal; pedicels 4-J in. long. Calyx campanulate, \ in. long ; lobes orbicular, obtuse, as long as the tube. Corolla whitish ; tube J in. long ; lobes oblong ; stamens protruding 1 J in. from the throat of the corolla-tube. XVIozamb. Dlst. German East Africa: Usambara ; in a swamp by ti»e Quara- cuju Kiver near Nguelo, 3000 ft., Schemer, hi. bM. Clerodendron suffruticosum, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 302. An erect undershrub 3-4 ft. high. Leaves petioled, broadly elliptic, 4-5 in. long, narrowed to the base, acute, strongly serrate, pubescent on both surfaces. Panicle terminal ; pedicels { in. long. Calyx broadly campanulate, tomentose ; lobes ovate, obtuse, as long as the tube. Corolla unknown.— Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 466. nsozamb. 2>lst. German East Africa : Ukami ; southern Uluguru Mountain*, 4000-5800 ft., Qoetze, 191. 58e. Clerodendron domale. Baker. A shrub 1-2 ft. high. Branches softly pubescent. Leaves opposite, shortly petioled, ovate or 520 ADDENDA. oblong, 1-1 J in. long, obtuse or acute, narrowed to the base, entire or nearly so, clothed with short stifi" hairs and minute glands, especially on the lower surface. Inflorescence terminal, 2-4 in. long ; pedicels up to h in. long. Calyx carapanulate, l-^ in. long, minutely glandular and beset with short stiff hairs ; lobes obtuse, imbricate, ciliate. Corolla blue; tube J-J in. long ; lobes unequal, oval or obovate, obtuse J-^ in. long. — Siphonanthiis dumalis^ Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 840. Xiower Guinea. Angola : Huilla ; near Lopollo, iVelwitach, 3914, 5763. 5S/: Clerodendron kissakense, Garke in Emjl Jahrh. xxviii. )'>04. Stem glabrous, erect, l|-2 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, U-2 in. long, narrowed to the base, shortly acuminate, irregularly serrate, rather fleshy, glabrous on both surfaces. Inflorescence subspicate ; bracts lanceolate ; pedicels long. Calyx broadly campanulate, \ in. long ; limb oblique ; lobes semiorbicular, as long as the tube. Corolla- tube a little longer than the calyx; lower lip cymbiform. — Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 4G6. XMCozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Usagara ; near Kissake (? Kisiki), 800 ft., Goetze^ 42. oSg. Clerodendron caesium, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 300. A shrub, 12-20 ft. high. Leaves opposite, very shortly petioled, elliptic, 2-5 in. long, narrowed to the base, acute, serrate, membranous, pilose only on the ribs. Panicle lax, terminal ; pedicels -l in. long. Calyx broadly campanulate, 1 in. long ; teeth deltoid, as long as the tube. Corolla pale blue; tube twice the length of the calyx. — Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 40G. Mozamb. Hist. G»-rnian East Africa • Uhehe ; Uchungwe Mountain, in forest near Muhanga, 5800 ft., Ooetze, 633. Gl. Clerodendron Kalbreyeri, />a^^6r. The name for this species is slightly antedated by C. violaceum, Gurke in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 303. G2. Clerodendron camosnlum. Baker. Add : Siphonanthus assurgensj Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 845. 2. Vitex sulphurea, Baker. Add : Premna colorata, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 833. la. Vitex quadrangula, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 4G3. A tree 20-30 tt. high, with quadi angular pubescent branchlets. Leaves long-petioled, 5-toliolate ; leaflets obovate-oblong, 5-G in. long, shortly stalked, acute, pubescent. Panicle terminal, thyrsoid, 8-12 in. long. Calyx campanulate, ^^^ in. long ; teeth broad. Corolla twice the length of the calyx ; tube pilose inside. Stamens not longer than the corolla- lobes. Mozamb. Slst. German East Africa: Ukami ; South Uluguru Mountains, 3200 ft., Goetze, 157. ADDENDA. 521 21a. Vitex Goetzei, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 4(14. A tree-lifce shrub. Leaves long-petioled, 3-foliolate ; leaflets subacute, coriaceous, glabrescent above, pubescent on the ribs beneath ; central one obovate- cuneate, shortly stalked, 1^-2^ in. long. Cymes tevv-flowered, axillary, long-peduncled ; pedicels obsolete. Calyx campanulat«, J in. long; teeth deltoid. Corolla-tube curved, scarcely longer than the calyx. Filaments hairy at the base. Mozamb. Bist. German East Africa : I'sagara ; on the steppe south of Kufidji, 800 ft., Goetze, 85. 23. Vitex bolocal3rx, Baker. Add : V. madiensis^ Oliv., var. jxu'vij'olia, Uiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. S;^4. 30. Vitex ferruginea, Schaiaach. et Thoan. Add: V. guerkeana,^ Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. .S;^j5. 32. Vitex grisea. Baker. Add : V, haillensis, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 837. 50«. Vitex cuspidata, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i, 835. A tall tree, with softly tomentose branchlets. Leaves long-petioled, 3-5-foliolate ; leaflets shortly stalked, obovate, -i-^l in. long, acutely cuspidate at the apex, cuneate at the base, entire, deep green and rather glossy, minutely tubercled or scaly on the upper surface, softly tomentose beneath. Cymes lax, axillary, long-peduncled. Flowers unknown. Fruit-calyx campanulate, pubescent, 1 in. long, shallowly lobed. Young fruit ovoid, J in. long, obtuse, nearly glabrous. Ziower Guinea. Angola : Golungo Alto ; in elevated forests, WehrHsch, 5665 : 54. Vitex puberula. Baker. Add: V. doniana, var. ?, pumila, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 837. 55. Vitex golungensis, Baker. Add: V.duuiana,WieTTi in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 836. 57a. Vitex iringensis, Giirke in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 4(')4. A tree. I. An erect perennial herb. Stems n€;arly 2 ft. long, pubescent upwards. Leaves opposite, linear or linear-oblong, sessile or shortly petioled, 1 -2 in. long, yV-^ in. broad, subobtuse, narrowed to the base, denticulate upwards, firmly herbaceous, glabrous, minutely dotted. Inflorescence terminal, a foot long; whorls distant, 4-G-flo\vered. Calyx pubescent, I in. long; upper tooth broad; the others subulate from a broad base. Corolla whitish, J in. long ; lobes as long as the tube. Stamens exserted. ImO-wct Guinea. Angola : district of Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch , 5769. 1 . Geniosporum panicuiatuiUy Baker. Add : — Var. dehile, Hiern. in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 853. A weak plant hanging over rocks. iMOxrer Guinea. Angola : Pungo Andonga ; Casalala Strean), near Pedra Songue, Welwit-s'.h, 5527. la. Geniosporum strictam, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 852. An erect smooth herb, 2-3 ft. high, with pubescent stems. Leaves subsessile or shortly petioled, 2-4-nate, oblanceolate, 1-2 J in. long, firm, serrate, glabrous. Inflorescences racemose, terminal and axillary, the end one 2-6 in. long ; whorls many-flowered ; pedicels pubescent, y^ in. long. Calyx obliquely campanulate, under a line long, pubescent. Corolla i in. long ; lips as long as the tube. Stamens exserted. Ao'virer Guinea. Angola : district of Huilla, Wehvitsch, 5499. 5a. Geniosporum Mutamba, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PL Welw. i. 854 A perennial herb, with an edible tuberous root. Stems trailing, with branches 2 ft. or more long. Leaves shortly petioled or subsessile, ovate or oblong, 1-4 in. long, obtuse, rounded or cuneate at the base^ thin, hispidulous and punctate, remotely serrulate. Inflorescence racemose, oblong, terminal, 1-2 in. long. Calyx yV in. long, pubescent, shallowly lobed. Corolla red-violet, \ in. long. Xiower Guinea. Angola : district of Huilla, wild and cultivated about Lopollo, Welwitsch, 5496, 5590. 4. Moschosma riparium, -^oc^fi^. Add: Basilicum mi/riostachyurtiy 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. ii. 512 ; Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 858. 10a. Acrocephalus Goetzei, GUrke in Engl. Jahrh. xxviii. 471. An undershrub with villous stems. Leaves shortly petioled, lanceolate, 1^-3 in. long, acute, entire, narrowed to the base, villous on both surfaces. Heads terminal, subglobose; outer bracts stalked, whitish- blue, reaching U in. long; flower-bracts \-\ in. long. Calyx 2-lipped ; lips entire. MEozamb. Bist. German East Africa : Uhebe ; plateau ne:u- Mgololo, t5«.H3ft., Qoetze, 764. 524 ADDENDA. 25. Acrocephalns dissitifolius. Baker. Hiern, in Cat. Afr. PL Welw. i. 850, lefers the Tiuinber on which this is founded to A. cylin- draceus, Oliv. 28. AcrocepHalus sericeus, Briquet. Add : — Vjir. iencrioides, Hiern in Cat. Afr, PI. NVehv. i. 857. A variety approaching A. lleudeloiii. Briquet. Ko'wer Guinea. Angola : Pungo Andongo ; Sobato Quibonga and near Quilanga, JVelwitsch, 5551. 21). Acrocepha'lns hyptoides, Baker. The numbers on which this was founded are cited by Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pi. Welw. i. 857, under A. minor, Briquet. SHa. Orthosiphon petrensis, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 859. An erect rigid pubescent perennial herb, with stems 1-1 i ft. long. Stems simple or little branched. Leaves subsessile, narrowly elliptic, 1-2 in. long, serrulate, obtuse or subacute, cuneate at the base. Inflorescence rncemrse, terminal, simple or branched, 4-6 in. long ; whorls 4-u-flowered. Calyx campanulate, \-\ in. long; upper tooth broad, the others small. Corolla | in. long; lips very small. Anthers and style exserted. JtOvr&T Guinea. Angola: district of Hullla, Wei ivifsch, 5494, 41. Orthosiphon Welwitschii, Bolfe. Add to the varieties named \ar. anyolensis, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 859 (0. adorna- titSj var. a/tgolensis, Briquet in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 17 G). 34a. iEolanthus Goetzei, Gierke m jEnyl. Jahrb. xxviii. 467. An undershrub. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, subacute, rather fleshy, entire or slightly serrate, pubescent on both surfaces. Cymes capitate, congested in terminal racemes; bracts oblong, obtuse, J- J in. long, violet, pilose. Calyx J in. long, campanulate, pilose. Corolla not seen. Mozamb. Sist. German East Africa : Uliehe ; plateau near Mgololo, •15C0 ft., Goetze, 762. 11a. Plectranthus Stuhlmanni, Gu7'ke in Enyl. Jahrb. xxviii. 4G9. Leaves shortly petioled, broadly lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, acute, narrowed to the base, crenate-serrate, quite glabrous. Inflorescence racemose, lax, 2-4 in. long; whorls 6-flowered ; pedicels J in. long. Calyx campanulate, pubescent ; upper tooth broadly deltoid, acuminate, the others lanceolate-deltoid. Mozamb. ]>ist. GermaTi East Africa : Ukami ; South Uluguru Mountains at Dundumi 13rouk, Stuhlmann^ 9921. 116. Plectranthus luteus, Giirke in Enyl, Jahrb. xxviii. 4G8. An undershrub. Leaves shortly petioled, lanceolate, 2-4 in. long, acute, serrate, narrowed to the base, glabrous on both surfaces. Whorls distant, 6-flowered ; pedicels \-^ in. long. Calyx J in. long at ADDENDA. 525 flowering, l-\ in. at fruiting ; upper tooth suborbicular ; lateral teeth deltoid, cuspidate; lower teeth longer, lanceolate-deltoid, acuminate. Corolla golden-yellow. nXozamb. Dlst. German East Africa : Ukami ; Soutli-east Uluguru Mountaii.sv in Bergui- Forest, 4800-5600 ft., SfuJthnann, 8790. lie. Plectranthus Goetzei, Giirke in Emjl. JaJn^h. xxviii. 401). Stem pubescent, ]?,-2 ft. long. Leaves shortly petioled, linceolate, 2-4 in. long, acute, subentire, pubescent on both surfaces. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, G-8 in. long; whorls 10-24 -flowered ; pedicels \-}{ in. long. Fruit-calyx pubescent, i in. long; upper tooth broadly ovate, the others deltoid, acuminate. Corolla pale blue. nxozamb. I>ist. German East Africa: Ulielie ; pliteau near Runpeinbe 5200 ft., Goefze, 721. 8Grt. Plectranthus monticolay Giirke in Enyl. Jahrb. xxviii. 408. An undershrub about 3 feet high. Leaves distinctly petioled, sub- orbicular, 1 in. long, obtuse, narrowed to the base, crenate, glabrous on both surfaces. Inflorescence racemose, lax, 2-4 in. long; whorls H-IO- flowered ; pedicels i-| in. long. Fruit-calyx pubescent, I in. long ; upper tooth ovate ; the others lanceolate-deltoid. Corolla pale blue. XtZozamb. Blst. German East Africa: Ukami; Central Ulugnru Mcnntnins, near Lukwangulu, 7800 ft., Stiihlmann, 9166. 87. Plectranthus xnicrophyllus, />aA:e9\ The n^me niiirophi/IIu^ having been used by Giirke for a species described below, this one may be renamed Plectranthus porpeodon. Baker, from its incurved lateral calyx-teeth, which close over the ripening fruit. 4G«. Plectranthus andongensis, Baker. An erect apparently perentiial hf^rb. Stems simple or nearly so, pubescent. Leaves petioled, ovate, 2-3 in. long, narrowed to the obtuse tip and the base, crenate, slightly pubescent. Cymes forming a terminal panicle I ft. long, many-flowered ; pedicels up to \ in. long. Calyx yV in. long, glandular-pubescent; upper tooth broad; lateral teeth small; lower connate nearly to the tip. Corolla glabrous, ^ in. long. — Germanea audonyeasls, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welvv. i. ^^()2. Jtovrer Guinea. Angola : district of Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch, 5545. 48a. Plectranthus microphyllus, Giirke in Emjl. Jahrh. xxviii. 467. An erect herb, 8-12 in. high. Leaves shortly petioled, broadly ovate or suborbicular, i-l in. long, acute, minutely toothed, pube.scent on both surfaces. Whorls distant ; cymes 1-3-flowered ; pedicels long. Calyx in fruit I in. long ; upper tooth deltoid, acute ; lateral teeth broadly deltoid, acuminate ; lower longer, deltoid, acuminate. Mozamb. I>ist. Gvrman F]ast Africa : Ukaini ; East Uluguru Mouiita:;;s, in cleariners isncl on waste fields in the forest region, 4200 ft., S(uhlmann, 8748. 526 ADDENDA. 3a. Soleno3temon robustus, Iliern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. i. 804. A robust herb, several feet high. Stems pubescent and minutely glandular. Leaves distinctly petioled, ovate or ovate-oblong, 2J-C in. long, obtuse, crenate, yellowish-green, glabrescent. Cymes sessile, forming a terminal pyramidal panicle a foot long ; pedicels up to r in. long. Calyx campanulate, V in. long ; lobes deltoid, the top one rather broader than the others. Corolla \ in. long. Xiow^er Guinea. Angola : Pungo Andongo ; from Lombe to Condo, Welwitsch, 5538! Oa. Solenostemon niveus, Hiern in Cat. Afr. PI. Welv). i. 804. A shrub 3-4 ft. high and with softly pubescent branches. Leaves petioled, suborbicular, 2-4 in. in diam., shortly narrowed to the base, crenate, rather thick, deep green, pubescent. Panicle thyrsoid, 3-1 2 in. long ; cymes crowded, subsessile or shortly stalked ; pedicels i-J in. long. Calyx campanulate, \ in. long; upper tooth ovate, the others lanceolate. Corolla snow-white, J in. long. XiO^irer Guinea. An<;ola : district of Bumbo, Welwitsch, 5619. ba. Coleus ulugurensis, Garke in Engl. Jahrh. xxviii. 470. Stem pubescent. Leaves shortly petioled, broadly ovate, \-\ in. long, subobtuse, narrowed to the base, crenate, pubescent on both surfaces. Whorls remote, many-flowered. Fruit-calyx i in. long ; upper tooih ovate ; lateral teeth ovate-orbicular ; lower lanceolate, acuminate, connate. XMEozamb. Dist. German p]ast Africa: Ukami ; North-east Uluguru Mountains, near Kitope, 3900 ft., Stuhlmann, 9060. 20. Coleus Schweinfarthiiy Baker ^ not of Vatke, is to be renamed C. Sodalium, Baker. 8. Salvia simensis, Hochst. ex Avetta in Xuovo Giorn. Bat. Ilal. xxi. 335, is a species founded on Schimp. PI. Abyss. Exsicc. No. 2462, of vrhich neither description nor specimen can be found at Kew, but which is said by Avetta to be very common in Shoa. irile Ziand. Abyssini.j, Scldmper, 2462. Shoa ; Antoto, Rajazzi. 64a. Ijeucas Mackinderi, S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1900, 200. Stems erect, branched, closely leafy, densely hairy. Leaves shortly petioled, ovate or ovate-oblong, 1 J-4 in. long, obtuse, deeply crenate, hairy on both surfaces. Whorls subdistant, many-flowered, 1 in. in diam. ; outer bracts linear-lanceolate, as long as the calyx. Calyx pubescent ; tube \-\ in. long ; throat oblique ; teeth 8, deltoid-mucronate. Corolla white ; tube J-J in. long ; lips as long as the tube. irile Iband. liritish East Africa : Mount Kenia, MacJcinder. o27 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. Tlw !^i)aonyms and Species incidentally mentioned are printed in Italics. Page ACANTHACE.E. . . 1 Acanthodium diversi-ipinion, var. a, Nees . .102 var. ^, Nees . ,104 grossuin, Nees . .512 grossum, Wight . 100 hirtum, Nees . . .100 serrulatuni, Nees . 1(»2 spicatiun, Acerbi . 29 spicatum, Delile . . 102 Acanthopale . . . . G2 albosetulosa. C.L'.C/. 64 azaleoides, C.B.CL. 63 Buchholzii, C.B.CL 64 confertiflora, C.B.CL 64 decempeilalis, C.B.CL 63 laxiflora, C.B.CL . 63 pnbescens, C. B. CI . 64 Acanthus . . . .105 arboreus, Forsk. . 106 var. pidjesctns, T. Thorns. . . .106 Barteri, T. Anders. 108 cniulatus, Lindau . 107 Delilii, Sprenjr. . .102 Dusenii. C.B.CL . 108 edulis, Forsk. . .102 eminens, C.B.CL . 107 Gaed, Lindau . .106 ilicifolius, Linn. . . 108 intef/rifolimt, Linn.f. 98 KirkiL T. Anders. . 110 latisepahis, C.B.CL 108 maderaspatensia, Linn 96 mayaccanns, Biittn. 108 moiitanus, T.^lftrZ^rs. 107 7iitidi(s, S. Moore . 110 poli/fttachins, Delile . 106 pnhescens, Engl. . 106 repens, Vahl ... 98 tetrafjonus, Vi. Br. . 102 Pasfe Achyrospermum . . 463 aethiopicura, Welw. . 465 africanura, ifoo^•./. 465 Carvalhi, Gilrlce . 464 cryptanthnra, Baker 464 laiterale, Baker . . 464 nyasanura, Baker . 465 j oblongifolium, Baker 464 j radicans, Giirke . 464 ' Acrocephalus . . . 354 angolensis, Giirke . 364 Buettneri, Giirke . 360 callianthiis, Briquet 360 Carapicola, Briquet 358 centratheroides, Baker .... 356 coeruleus, Oliv. . . 359 var. ycnuinuSf Briquet . . .359 var. trichosoma, Briquet . . .359 cylindraceus, Oliv. . 357 dissitifolius, Baker 362, 524 divaricatus, Briquet 364 elongatus, Briquet . 363 Fischeri, Gurke . . 364 galeopsifolius, Baker 356 Gcetzei, Giirke . . 523 cracilifi, Briquet . 356 Hensii, Briqiut . . 363 Heudelotii, Briquet 361 hyptoide8.i?ayl-6r362, 524 iododermis, Briquet 358 lagoensis, Baker . 360 Laurentii. Briquet . 361 lilacinus, OUik . . 359 lippioides, Baker . 361 masuianns, Briquet 363 inecbowianus, Briquet . . . 362 minor, Briquet . . 363 monocephalns, Baker 356 Page Acrocephi\\u^{ro ntinued) oligouepiialus, Baker 357 paniculatns, Briquet 364 poggeanus, Briquet 358 polytrichiis, Baker . .358 porpbyiopliyllns, Baker . . . .357 priL-ahns, Briquet . 360 reticulatns, Briquet 361 Schweinfiirtbii, Briquet . . . .357 scriceus. Briquet . 362 var. teiicrioides. Hiern . . . 524 succisoefolius, Baker 356 venosus, Baker . . 359 verbeaaccii.x, Vatke . 357 Welwitscbii, Briquet 362 zamhc;7c 189 185 201 222 192 135 221 199 190 185 223 185 388 391 3* to 392 396 392 397 397 392 394 pul e^-cciis, Beiith. repenp, Oliv. . . rivulari.«, IJiern . 393 524 393 391 396 396 398 393 395 392 398 393 396 390 397 90 n94 395 391 Pajfe jEolauthiis {continued) mlicijuliua, Baker . 388 sedoides, Hiern . . 395 .serpi.uloides, Baker 395 up. J Jiiikill& Wright 398 Stovnisii, Giirke . . 393 iStuhhnannii, Giirke 391 tuberopus, Hiern . 394 ukaniensis, Giirke . 391 virgatus, Giirke . . 390 Welwitschii, Bri- quet 396 zanzibaricus, S. Moore . . .397 JEtheilema imbricatumy R. Br. . 83 imbricatum, A. Rich 84 reniforme, Nees . 83 rupestre, Nees . . 187 Afroruendonica ... 6 floribunda, Burkill . 6 gilgiana, Livdau . 7 Imdaviana, Gilg. . 6 pliytncrt-noides. 6'%. 7 Ajiiga 501 bracteoba, Wall. . . 501 var. crenata, Baker . . .501 crenata, Hochst. . 501 remota, Benth. . .501 var. canescens. Benth. . .501 Alvesia . . . . .378 rosniarii.ifblia, Wehc. 378 Anisochilus .... 446 afiicanus, Baler . 446 Enrjlcri, Briquet . 446 Anisostachya tenella, Lindau . .187 Anisotes 226 paiMifolius, Olir. . 227 seseilitiorus, C.B.Cl. 226 velulinus, Lindau . 227 Zenkeri, C.B.Cl. . 227 Anthocometes ari status, Nees . .176 Asteracavtha ... 30 auriculata, Nu S^. Moore . . .164 linearifolia, Rendle 148 longifolia, Linn. . 31 longissima, Lindau 151 Lugardii, C.B.Cl. .161 Mackenii, Hook.f. . 160 macracantha, H. Br. 31, 146 Marghilomaiue, Schweinf. & Volk. 145 marginata, Oliv. Marlothii, Engl. micrautha, C.B.Cl. mollis, Lindau . . mollis, R. Br. . . mucronata, Lin- dau mucronifolia, Lin- dau Page 160 151 168 167 164 149 154 neurophylla, C'.-B.CZ. 166 159 150 Newtoni, Lindau nyasensis, 6'.J5. CZ. . obtusisepala, C.B.Cl 158 opaca, Nees . . .163 orbicularis, Hochst. 157 parviflora, B. Br. . 156 paucijiora, Lindau . 150 Fhillipsece, Rendle . 156 Pirottcei, Lindau . 157 polyneora, S. Moore 157 Brionitis, Engl. . .140 Prionitis, Herb. Linn 146 Prionitis, Linn. . . 144 , 147 147 1-15 145 147 195 Barleria {continued) Brioniti8,T. Andt-r-- 14.0 var. setosa, Klotzsch . , prionitoides, Engl. , proxiraa, Lindau Fseadoprionitis, Lindau .... pumila, Hochst. . . pungens var. matrophylla, Nees . . . .154 quadrispina, /.tnt/au 147 querimbensis, Klotzsch . . .106 ramulosa, C.B.Cl. . 150 Randii, S. Moore . 512 rejjens, Hook. f. .167 re pens, Nees . . .166 rhyncocarpa, Klotzscb . . .115 Bivoii, Li/idau . . 157 rutundisepala, Bendle .... 168 ruellioides, T. An- ders 165 Sacani, Klotz'=>cli . 137 salicifolia, S. Moore 162 schive infu rth ia n a , Lindau . . . .156 senegalensi.t, Nees . 155 senensis, Klotzsch . 146 setigera, Rendle . 148 \ AT. pumila, Ren- dle .... 148 var. brevispina, C./^.Cl. . . .148 Smithii, Bendle . . 147 somalens's, Francli. 135 sp., Schweinf. . . 239 sp. nor a, S. Moore . 151 sp. nova, S. Moore . 158 sp. 1., T. Thorns. . 150 spinulosa, A7o^.:jfcA . 152 squarrona, Klotzsch 153 Biellato - tonientota, -6". Moore . . .101 var. ukambensis, ■ Lindau . . .162 stelligera, Lindau . 162 Steudneri, i-.B.Cl. . 153 Stuhlmanni,//2'/H/au 107 svbnwllis, Lindau . 107 triacantha, Neea . 148 trispinosa, Vafd . 141 ukaniensis, Lindau 101 usarabarica, /.j';jriau 108 veutricosa, Nees. . 164 530 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. Pjpe Barl'^ria {cont'nucd) villosa, JS. Moore . 164 violHSceiiH, aS'. Moore 158 vix (leiitdta, C.B.CL ICo Volkensii, Lindau . lt)7 waggana, Bendle . 148 Welwitschii, JS. Moore . . . . l.')8 yemensis. Lindau . 156 Barlerianthis grandis, OvBttid . . 100 JBarlerites Hochstetteri , Orsted 157 JBasiliaim .... 352 ivyriostachyum, 0. Kuntze .... 5'_'H polystachion, Moench . . . .353 Bechium bicolor, Lindl. . . 343 Belantheria .... 37 helvisiana, Nees . . 40 Bhchum hamatum^ Klotzsch 239 Blepharis 94 abyssinica, Hochst. 96 acantliodioides, Klotzsch . . .103 acanthodioides, S. Moore . . 100, 1 01 aflfinis, Lindau . . 97 Asteracanthue, C.B.Cl 100 Bainesii, i*'. Moore . 98 boerhaaviaefolia, Pers. 96 var. nigrovemdosa, De Wild. & Dur 512 Buchneri, Lindau . 101 chrjsotricha, Lindau 101 cuanzensis, Wel'.c. . 97 var. leplophylla, *S'. Moore . . 97 cuspidata, Lindau . 98 dic/iotoma, Engl. . 100 divert-ibpina, 6'.5. C/. 104 ednli.^ Pers. . . . 102 var. S. Moore . 104 fruticulosn, C.B.CL 99 gluniacea, S. Moore 97 grand iR, C.B.a. 104 grosea, T, Anders. . 512 Jiitdebrandtii, Lindau 98 Hildebrandtii, (?) var. S. Moore . . 77 hirtella, Lindau . 97 involucrata, Solms- Laub 96 linariaefolifi, Pers. . 100 Page Blepharis {continued) longifolia, Lindau . 104 mollnginifolia, Pers. 98 Noli-me-tangere, *S'. iVoore . . . .103 obuiitrata, C.B.Cl . 101 panduril'ormis, Lindau. . . .103 Passarf/ei, Lindau . 100 Phillipse.-^^. Bendle . 105 pinguior, CR-Cl. . 97 pratensis. »S'. Moore 99 procundiens, T. An- ders. . . . 102, 104 jyruinofta. Engl. . . 103 pun gens, Klotzsch . 104 rubi(efoUa,Schumach. 96 ruplcola, Engl. . . 98 ruwenzorien!«is, C.B.Cl ... 99 satureji folia, Pers. . 98 var. tinearifolia, T. Anders. . . 99 sernilata, Fie. cO Hicrn . . . .102 setosa, Sees ... 98 sindica, T. Anders. . 100 Sol, C.B.Cl . . .100 Stuhlmanni, Lindau 105 tenuiramea, S. Moore 512 tetrasticha, Lindau 101 Tof/odelia, Solms- Laub 96 trinervifi, Dewevre . 105 Welwitschii, S. Moore .... 99 Bouchea 281 garepensis var. niicrophjlla, 0. Kuntze . . 282 Hanningtoni, OHv. . 283 niarrubiifolia, Schauer . . .282 pterygocarpa, Schauer . . .282 sessilifolia, Vatke . 283 Brachjstephanus . . 177 africanus, iS. Moore 111 Holstii, Lindau . ,178 jaiindensis, Lindau 178 longiflorus, Lindau 178 Maniiii, C.B.Cl. . 179 occideutalis, Lindau 179 yaundensis, Lindau 179 Biiilantaisia .... 37 alata, T. Anders. . 42 alata, S. Moore . . 42 anomala, Lindau . 39 cicatricosa, Lindau 39 Page Briilantaisia (con- tinued) debilis, BurJcill . . 39 Dewevrei, Be Wild. & Dur 510 didynama, Lindau . 36 Emini, Lindau . . 38 hirsuta, T.Anders. 44 Kirungae, Lindau . 42 liaminm, Benth. 38 Lamium, Benth. . 41 lancifolia, Lindau . 40 leoneneis, Burkill . 41 raadagascariensis, T. Anders. . . 43 MoUeri, Lindau . . 40 nitens, Lindau . . 41 Nyanzarum, Burkill 39 owariensis, Beauv. . 40 owariensis, Hook. 38, 41 Palisotii, Lindau . 38 patula, T. Anders. . 41 var. Welwitschii, Burkill ... 42 Preussii, Lindau . 40 pubescens, T. An- ders 38 salviiflora, Lindau . 41 schumanniana, Lindau ... 42 Soyauxii, Lindau . 39 spicata, Lindau . . 43 subcordata, Be Wild. c5 Bur. .510 var. macrophylla, BeWild.(£:nur. 510 subulugiU"ica, i?wrA:/// 42 ulngurica, Lindav . 43 verruculosa, Lindau 43 vogeliana, Benth. . 40 Calamintha cryptantha. 454 455 Vatke . Kilimandschari, Giirke .... oxa, Valke simensis, Benth. var. obt us /folia, Avetta . . . Cahphanes .... adscendens, Hochst. crenatus, Schinz heudelotianus, Nees Hildebrandtii, S. Moore. .... hyssopifolius, Nees . linifolius, T. Anders mmticaulis, T. Anders. 74 Nagchana, Nees . 72 455 456 455 455 71 78 72 76 76 78 76 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. r)31 Page Calophayics [continued ) Perrottetii, Neee . 73 rafZica7?s, S. Moore. 74 radicam, T. Anders. 73 var. mutica, S. Moore ... 73 setosus, Nees ... 59 thut'hergiijiora, S. Moore .... 78 trichocalyx, Oliv. . 75 verticillaris, T. An- ders 75 Capitanya .... 445 otostegioides, Giirke 446 Cardanthera ofricana, Bentb. & Hook. f. ... 30 var. Schweinfurthii, S. Moore . . 59 jiisticioides, S. Moore 58 CJuetacanthun . . 79 Burchellii, Lindau 73, 79 Persoonii, Lindau . 73 setiger, Lindau . 79 Clieilopsis arborea, Nees . .106 montana, Nees . . 107 pob/stachya, Moq.- ^ tand. ' . . . .106 Steudncri, Solras- Laub 106 Ohlamvdocardia . . 234 Buettneri. Lindau . 234 nuda, C.B.CL . . 235 subrhoraboidea, Lindau .... 235 Clerodendron . . . 292 acerbianum, Boiss. . 295 alatura, Giirke . 311 angolense, GurJic .518 aurantiacum, Baker 313 aurantiacum, G. Don . . .301 Bakeri, Oiirke , .296 Barter), Baker . .298 bipindense, Giirke . 516 botryodes, Baker . 516 Buchholzii, Oiirke . 301 Buchneri, Giirke . 305 Buettneri, Oiirke . 302 bukobense, Giirke . 311 ceesium, Giirke . . 520 capitatum. Hook. . 518 capitatum Schumach. d^ TJionn. . . .305 var. cephalanthum, Baker . 306, 518 carnosulum. Baker 311, 520 Pajfc (Jleroden<]ron (continued) cephalanthum, Oliv. 306 conr/ense, BaKer . . 296 cougense, £ngl. . . 301 congestum, Giirke . 517 conglobatum, Baker 296, 515 cordifolium.^.i^icA. 304 cuneifolium, Baker 306, 518 Dekindtii, Giirke . 519 Dinklagei, Giirke . 302 dumale. Baker . . 519 Dusenii, Giirke . .518 eriophyllura, Giirke. 299 eupatorioides, Baker 295 Fiscberi, Giirke . . 306 Formicarum, Giirke 297, 516 francavilleanum, Buchineer . . . 305 fuscum, Giirke. . . 304 Gileti), De Wild. tC- Dur 302 glabratum, Giirke . 516 glabrnm, E. Meyer 297, 515 Gre^i, Baker . . 308 grandifoliiiiu, Giirke 307 Guerkei, Baker . . 308 harnierianuno, Schiceinf. . . .301 Hildebrandtii, Vatke .... 302 hirsutum. G. Don . 304 Holstii, Gurke . . 303 bysteranlhum, Baker . . 306, 518 incisum, Klotzsch . 307 var. mncrosiphon, Baker . . .308 Johnston!, Oliv. . 300 Kalbreyeri, Baker 311, 520 Kentrocaule, Baker 296, 515 Kirkii, Baker . . 299 kissakense, Giirke . 520 lanceolatam, 6^ iirAe . 312 longipetiolatum, Giirke .... 304 longitubum, J)e WiUl.SDitr. . .517 i.«>t,DeWild.&Dur. 298 macros ij)hon,}iook.{. 308 macrostacbyum. Baker . . . .313 Manttti, Vis. . . 301 Mannii, Baker . . 519 Pa?e Clerodendron(co)/f /«//€liiifii,.^lendens, T. Anders. G9 Dianthcra americana, Forsk. . 190 hicali/culaia, Ketz. . 243 debill^, Fursk. . .214 Jiava, Vabl . . .190 mcdaharica, Linn. f. 243 odora, Forak . . . 201 sp). Benth. . . . 209 Diapedium. Metier i, S. Moore . 515 DicentrantJiera macrophylla,T. An- ders 134 Dicliptera .... 256 aciileata, C.B.Cl. . 257 alternans, Lindau , 258 angolensis, >S^. Moore 260 bupleuroides, T. Thorns 261 (.'arvalhoi, Lindau . 257 colorata, C.B.CL . 260 Elliotii, C.B.Cl. . . 258 Hensil, Lindau . . 243 kamerunensis, Lindau . . . .261 laxata, C.B.Cl. . . 258 Leonotis, Balz. . . 260 lingulata, C.B.CL . 257 lini folia, Lindau .241 maculata, A^ees . . 257 var. senegamhica, Nees .... 259 Marlothii, Engl. . 240 Melleri, Bolfe^. 261, 515 micranthes, Nees . 258 mosaambicensis, Klotzsch . . .258 nilotica, C.B. CL . 260 schumanniana, Schinz .... 240 Pape Dicliptera {continued} spinidosa, Hochbt. . 259 iinibellata, Jiiss. 259 ii.sii)nhartca,l^mdii\i . 259 ecrticillaris, Juss. . 250 rerticillaris, T. iVn- ders. . . . . . 259 Welwitschii. S. Moore . . . .259 Dicranacanthus hit xi folia, Orsted . 15(.t DiUcaria ilicifolla, Nees . . 109 polystachya. End). . 106 Dipter acanthus dejectus (3, Nees . 74 elongatus, Nees . . 66 (jendaanus, Schweinf. 47 matutlnus, Presl . . 45 p)(didus, Nees . .45 prostratus, Nees . 46 sudanicus, Schweinf. 46 Dischistocalyx hignoniijiorus, Lindau .... 48 Buchholzii, Lindau . 65 confertijlorus, Lin- dau 64 laxijiorus, Lindau . 63 imhescens, Lindau . 64 Disperma 79 angolense, C.B.CL. 81 densitiorum, C.B.CL 82 dentatum, C.B.CL. 81 kilimandscharicum, C.B.Cl. ... 80 var. bracteolata, C.B.CL. . . 80 parviflorum, C.B.CL 81 quadrangulare, C.B.CL. . . 81 quadrisepalum, C.B.CL ... 80 Distichocalyx ... 60 angustifolius, C.B. CL 61 brevifolius, C. B. CL 62 capitellatus,6\^. C7. 61 grandifolius, C.B. CL 61 hirsutus, C.B.CL . 61 polyneurus, C.B.Cl. 61 sp. Lindau ... 62 strobilinus, C.B.Cl . 61 thunbergiiriorus,Z?e«e Wild. db Bur. . . .506 Graptophylluni . . . 241 hortense, Nees . .241 pietum, Griff. . . 241 Haplanthera speciosa, Hochst. 175 Jiarnieria dimorphocarp>a , Solms-Laub. . . 200 Haselhoffia leucophthalma, Lin- dau 57 Hebenstreitia . . .264 angolensis, Rolfe . 265 dentata, Liim. . . 265 var. integrifolia, Choisy . . .265 Holubii, Holfe . .266 sp., Burkill . . .266 Hemigraphis ... 58 abyssinica, C.B.Cl. . 58 Scbweinfurtbii, C.B.Cl. 58 tenera, C.B.Cl. . . 58 Heniizygia hracteosa, Briquet . 375 tuherosa, Hiern . . 523 Henfreya scandens, Lindl. . 133 Heteradelphia Paulowilhelmia, Lindau .... 54 Hiernia 261 angolensis, *S'. Moore 262 Himantochilus maa'ophyllus, Lindau .... 255 ■marginatus, Lindau 255 pubinervius, Lindau 255 sessiliflorus, Benth. 226 sessili/olius, Lindau 226 Zcnkeri, Lindau . 227 Holmskioldia . . . 314 ujucronata, Vatke . 315 spinescens, Vatke . 314 tettensis, Vatke. . 314 Holochiloma resinosum, Hochst. . 289 Homilacanthus Gregorii, S. Moore. 232 Hoslundia .... 377 decumbois, Benth. . 377 opposita, Vakl . . 377 var. decumben.s, Baker . . . 377 var, verticillata, Baker . . .377 verticillata, Vahl . 377 Hygrophila .... 30 abyssinica, T. Anders. 58 acUiisepala, Burkill 34 asteracanthoides, Lindau .... 34 barbata, T. Anders. 32 csenilea, T. Anders. 34 ciliatH, Burkill . . 35 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECJE.S. OiiO Hygrophila (continued I'ago Hypnestt'S (continued) Page Isoglossa (continued) Page crenata, Liiulau . . 80 plumosa, Drege . 245 nervosa, C.B.Cl. 229 Gigas, Burkill . . 36 Treussii, J.indaa . 251 cjerstediana, Lin- glandulosa, Lindau 75 rosea, Beaur. 248 dau 232 gracillima, Burkill . 36 Botha, T. Anders. . 249 paivi folia, Bendle . 230 isevis, Lindau . . 36 simensis, Hoclist. . 247 rubeiicens, Lindau . 233 Hiidaviana, Burkill . 509 Staudtii, Lindau 246 rutissoricn, Lindau. 231 linearis, Burkill 35 strobilifera, S. Moore 248 BonjalienNis, Lindau 231 longifolia, Kurz . . 31 tanganyikensi^, strigosuli, C.B.Cl. . 231 lutea, T. A7ider8. . 32 C.B.Cl 252 8iibstrobilina,C.-^.C7.232 niicrantha, T.Anderf •. 35 triflora, B. cO *y. . . 247 violacea, Lindau 230 odora, T. Andera. . 33 triticea, Lindau . 24(3 Vol Ken si i, Lindau . 230 parinjiora, Lindau . 81 uniflora, T. Anders. 248 pilosa, Burkill 35 verticillaris, B. Br. 250 •Tnsticia 179 ({uadr angular is. var. glabra, S. acavdis, Luin. f. 28 Lindau .... 81 Jloore 251 albifiora, Elirenli. . 215 rhodesiana, S. Mooxe 509 | verticillaris, S. aiidongensis, t'.Z?.C7 185 senegHk-nsis, T. Moore .... 250 Anisacant/ius. Anders. . . . 34 violaceotincta, Schweinf. . . . 239 sp. 1, T. Thoi'.'.s. 75 Lindau .... 251 anselliana, Lindau . 209 spicilonuis, Limlau 33 Volkensii, Lindau . 176 anselliana, T. An- ^pilll)sa, T. Anders. 31 Hyptis 447 ders 208 suhquadranyularis, atiorubens, Bait. 447 var. ami usti folia. Lindau .... 79 brevipes. Bait. . . 447 Oliv.. . . . 208 Teuczii, Lindau 33 lanceifolia, arenicola, Engl. . . 218 uliginosa, S. Moore 32 Schumach. . . . 447 aiidicola. Bendle 193 Volkensii, Lindau . 77 pectinata, Bait. . . 44H aristata, Nees . . 176 Hypoestea .... 244 bpicigera, Lam. . 448 aristata, Valil . 245 acuminata, Hochst. 247 var. Cienkuwskyi, baravenr.is, C. B.Cl. 189 adoensis, A. Rich. . 247 Aschers. . . ' 448 Barteri, T. Anders. 217 var. Andersoni, suaveolens, Boit. 449 belnperonoides. Engl. . . . 247 Lindau .... 205 annua, Steud. . . 249 Icomuni 387 Betonica, Linn. . 184 antennifera, >S'. Moore 245 lineare, Burkill . 388 Betonica, S. Muore . 186 aristata, B. Br. . . 245 paradoxuM, Una . 387 Betonica, T. Andt-Tb .185 var. macrophylla, salicitbliuni, Burkill 388 betonii-oides, Nees .... 245 subacaule, Burkill . 387 C.B.Cl 184 Barteri, T. Anders. 246 Isacanthus bicalgcidata, Valil . 243 callicoma, S. Moore 247 Vogelii, Nees 111 bivalcis, U. Br. . . 257 cancellata, Nees . . 246 Isochoriste hlepharosteyii, ciliata, Lindau . . 247 africana, S. Moore 134 Uiege .... 215 consanguinea, Isoglossa .... 227 hlep)harostegia, T. Lindau .... 248 harlerioides,S.l^iooxQ 238 Tho.... ; . . . 214 echioides, Lindau . 250 jiava, Lindau. . 230 hracteatd, Za: b . 214 Forskalei, B. Br. . 249 'floribunHa, C.B.Cl. 233 brevicauliH, .SL Moor t 202 glandulosa, Hochst. 176 gland ulit'era, Linda tt229 Biiitntri, Limlau . 214 grandifulia, Lindau 252 grandiflora, C.B.Cl 233 calcarata, Hochst. . 195 Hildebrandtii, Gregorii, Lindau 232 cancellata, Willd. . 247 lAndau. . . . 249 ixodes, Lindau . 234 canescens, Lam. . . 29 incequalis, Lindau 247 lactCM, Jjindau . 230 cilia.'is, Linn. f. 214 inssularis, T. Anders. 246 laxa, Oliv. . . 229 ciliata, Jacq. . . . 214 kilimandscharica, var. pilnsa. cleomoides, S. Moore 220 Lindau .... 248 ISclta-einf. . 229 cordata, T. Anders. 206 latifolia, Hochst. . 250 membranacea, crassiradix, C.B.Cl. 210 microphylla, Nees . 248 C.B.Cl.. . . 230 var. hispida, mlanjenbis, C.B.Cl. 250 niilanjit-nsis, IS. C.B.Cl. . . . 210 mollis, T. Anders. 250 Muorc . . . 232 cynanchifolic K.Br. dchUis, Oliv. 207 phaylopsoides, /S. niossambicensis, 215 Moore . . . 248 Lindau . . 231 dehilis, Vahl 214 53C INDEX OF (JENERA AND SPECIES. Pag3 Justicia {contimied) (lepanperata, T. An- ders 217 Desertorum, Engl. 219 dicHj)teroidft8, Lindau. . . . 2(.)3 diffusa, TfV/W. . . 194 dyschoristeoides, C.B.CL . , . .197 Ecbolium, Linn. . 237 clef/a lis, Beauv. . . 70 i:\egnni\i\a, S. Moore 513 var. tlatio'-, S. Moore . . .513 var. repens, S. Moore . . .513 Emini, Lindau . .187 engleriana, Lindau 222 exigua, S. Moore . 514 extensa, T. Anders. 206, 513 fallax, Lin dan . .190 fasciata, Drege . .190 fasciata, Lindau . 192 filifolia, Lindau . .198 fisclievi, Lindau . 202 var. Icetevirens, C.B.CL . . . 202 fitlonioides, .S'. Moore 189 liava, VaJd . . .190 Forslahi, Valil . . 249 fruticulosa, Lindau 190, 198 Gal-opsis, T. An- ders. . . . .196 gangetica, Linn. . 131 garcJceana, Biittn. . 253 Gendarnssa, Zi«;i./. 203 genistifoUa. Engl .218 gesnerijiora, Rendle 203 gesnenfoUa, Rendle 203 glabra, Roxh. . . 208 vdr. pubescens, T. Anders. . . . 208 Gcetzei, Lindau . 514 Greqorii, S. Moore .215 griseH, C.B.CL . .205 guerkeana, JSchinz . 211 hereroensis, Engl. . 220 heterocarjm, Lindau 199 heter. carpa, T. An- ders 200 hispida, Willd. . . 70 Hcepfneri, IJndau .211 hypocrateriformis, Vahl . . . .171 insularis, Oliv. . .199 insiUaris, S. Moore . 197 insularis, T. Anders. 195 • ^ Page I Justicia [cmtinned] iuteriupta, C.li.CL. 207 hirschia)i((, Biittn. . 195 kirkiana, T. Anders. 192 Ijeta, ^, T. Anders. . 223 funicata, Afzel. . . 171 i(kattd)eHsis, Lindau 220 uliigurica, J/indau umhellata, Vahl . uncinulata, OUv. var. tenuicapsa, C.B.CL . . nrbaniana, Lindau versicolor, C.B.Cl. rerticillaris, Linn.f. 194 259 210 210 203 186 250 Whytei, aS'. 31oore . 198 Kalaharia spinescens, Giiike .313 sjpiniiyes, Baill. . . 313 Labiat.k Laniium 332 468 amplexicaule, Linn. 469 Lnnkesteria .... 69 Barteri, ^oo/c. /. . 70 hatangana, Lindau. 57 elegans, T. Anders. 70 elcgans, T. Anders. 71 his2)id((, T. Anders. 70 lonr/ijiora, Lindl. . 70 parviHora, Lindl. . 70 Lantana. . . . . 275 abyssinica, Otto & bietr. . . . .280 actdeata, Linn. . . 276 antidotalis, Sclmm- ach. (L- Thonn. . 276 Camara, Linn. . .275 concinna, Baker . 278 Kisi, A. Rich. . . 276 microphyUa,FTiinch. 277 petitiana, A. Bich. . 277 salvi folia, Jacq. . .276 scahrida, Ait. . .276 subtractH, Hiern . 515 trifolia, Linn. . .277 viburnoides, Vahl . 276 Lasiocorys .... 469 abyssinica, Bentk. . 470 arabica, Jaub. (0 Spach . . . .471 argyropbylla, Vatke 471 Eenii, Baker . . . 469 Page Lasiocorys (continued) Pechuelii, O. Kuntze 477 poggeana, Briquet . 470 royleoides, Vatke . 471 stachydiforinis, Boith. . . .470 Lavandula .... 449 coronopifolia, Boir. . 450 dentata, Linn. . . 449 pubescens, Decsne. . 450 Leonotis 490 decadonta, Giirke . 493 dubia, E. Meyer . 493 Elliotii, Baker . . 492 Leonurus, B. Br. . 492 Melleri, Baker . . 491 mollissima, Giirke . 493 nepetcefolia, Hochst. 492 nepetfe folia, B. Br. 491 pallida, Benth. . . 491 riigosa, Benth. . . 492 Schinzii, Giirke . . 494 velutina, Fenzl . . 492 var. rugosa, Baker 492 Lepidagatbis . . .120 ampliata, C.B.CL .123 andersoniana,Z/Z??f?attr26 Andersonii, Lindau 126 augustifolia, C.B.CL 123 anobrya, Xecs . .124 calycina, Aees . .127 Caput-Medusa', Lindau .... 127 di versa, C.B.CL . .126 fimbriata, C.B.CL . 125 Fischeri, C.B.CL . 123 gland niosa, Nees . 128 heudelotiana, Xees . 126 hyssopifoHa, ! T. Anders. . . 128 I laguroidea.T.yl 72 <:/€?'«. 128 lanatoglabra,C'.^.67. 124 var. latifolia, C.B.CL . . .125 longisepala, C'.^.C/. 125 Medu8a% ^. Moore . 127 molli.s, Oliv. . . . 126 mollis, T. Anders. . 126 inyrti folia, S. Moore 124 pallescens, S. Moore 127 peniculigera.iS'. J/oo;-e 127 pcrglabra, C.B.CL . 125 radicalis, Kees . . 123 scabra, C.B.CL . . 129 scariosa, Aees . .122 Scbweinfurtbii, Lindau. . . .123 sparsiceps, C.B.CL . 124 terminalis, Neea 122 Page Leptostarhga cordatu, Nees . . 207 virens, Nees . . . 224 Leucas 472 abyssinica. Briquet 470 ailissima, EngL . . 478 argyro/j/iylla, Jiriquet . . . .471 Bakeri, Iliern . . 484 bracteosa, Giirke . 487 bukobeiisis, Giirke . 490 calostacliys, Oliv. . 486 Caisoni, Baker . . 487 ceplialaiitha, Baker 475 Coleae, Baker . . 488 concinna, Baker . 481 cuneifolia, Baker . 476 decuivata. Baker . 481 deflexa, Jiook.f. . 487 densiHora, Vatke . 483 Descainpsii, Briquet 485 ebracteata, Wawra & Peyr. . . .480 Eenii, Hiern . . . 470 Elliotii, Baker . . 477 fasciculata, Baker . 487 Fleckii, Giirke . . 484 yranchetiana, Giirke . . . .471 galeopsidea, IIocLst. 482 glabrata, Britten . 484 glabrata. B.Br. . . 482 grandis, Vatke . . 486 Holstii, Giirke . . 480 hyssupijolia, Francb. 471 indica, Vatke . . 490 inflata, Benth. . . 478 Jan)esii, Baker . . 478 Junodii, Briquet . 481 kondowensis, Baker 489 lamioides, B(d:tr . 484 lanata, Baker . .481 leuc(itricli;i. Baker . 486 Mackinderi, /&'. J/oore 526 martinicensis, B.Br. 4Z9 masaitnsis, Olir. . 477 masukuensis, Baker 476 inegaspha?ra, Baker 488 nierulijjfolia. Baker 475 micrautha, Giirke . 487 micropbylla, Vatke . 491 microscvpba. Baker 477 niilanjiaiia, Giirke . 478 mollis, Baker. . . 489 niyiiantbu, Baker . 475 nepetoides, Baker . 483 nouflizeana, Cuurb. 480 nubica, Benth. . . 476 Nyaesae, Giirke . . 486 538 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. Page Leucas {continued) oligocephala, Ilook.f. . . .486 orbicularis, Giirke . 481 paucicrenata, Vatke 480 pai-cr 344 heckmannianum, Giirke .... 522 heptodon, Beauv. . 338 liians var. 7uacrocaidon, Biiquet . . . 346 var. micropliyllum, Briquet . . .346 Hildebrandtii, Vatke 345 huillense. Hiern . 522 John.stonii, Baker . 345 kiliniandscharicuni, Giirke .... 340 knvanum, ]'atke . 346 Page Ocimuni {continued) var. asiephaiiutii Baker . . . 346 laniiifoliuin, Hochst. 346 laxiflorum, Baker 34h linearilbliiini,Zyr/hiisocalycinus, A . Rich 377 Tcfiexus var. pallidus, Terrace. . . . 370 relinervis. Briquet . 367 voseus, Briquet . . 369 salngensis, Baker . 368 scabridus, Briquet . 368 Schiraperi, Benth. . 372 scliinzianus, Briquet ^Ib sbirensis. Baker . 368 somalensis, Vatke . 372 Stuhlraannii, Gilrke 370 tenuifloriis, Benth. . 366 tubcrosus, Briquet . 366 tiibulascens, Briquet 368 usarabarehsis, 6-'Mr/ie371 villosus, Briquet . 370 ■violaceiis, Briquet . 370 Wakefieldii, 7>'a^■er . 371 Welwitscbii, BoJfe . 376 var. aiiqolcn.sis, Hicrii . . . 524 Paj-e Otostegia 494 integrifolia, Benth. . 494 iiiodesta, /S. Moore . 496 moluccoides, Jaub. & Spacli .... 495 repanda, Benth. . . 495 scariosa, Benth. . . 495 Steudneri, Schveinf. 495 tomentosa, A. Bich. 495 Ox y Otis nodosa, Welw. . . 395 sedoides, Welw. . , 395 Paraharleria Boivini, Baill. . .167 Parasystasia Keller i, Lindan . .135 somalensis, Bail!. . 135 Paulovvilhelmia ... 52 glabra, Lindau . . 52 iinbilis, C.B.Cl. . . 53 polysperma, Benth. 52 Sc]evoch\tor),Lindau 53 epeciosa, Hoch.'if. . 53 speciosciy N.E.Br. . 53 togoensis, Lindau . 53 Perisiropbe .... 242 bicalvculata, Xees 242, 514 Deicei)rei, De Wild. & Dur 514 Dorite, Terrace. . .515 Hensii, C.B.Cl. . . 243 hotschyana, Nees . 243 luteoviridis, C.B.Cl 243 maculata, Hochst. . 257 usta, C.B.Cl. . . .244 Petalidiura .... 87 canescens, C.B.Cl. . 92 coccineum, S. Moore 93 Currori, IS. Moore . 91 englerianum, C'.AC/. 89 glandulosum, >6'. Moore .... 91 glutinosum, C.B.Cl. 92 halimoides, >S'. Moore 90 hamatum, Lindau . 239 huillense, C.B.Cl. . 91 lanatum, C.B.Cl. . 90 latifolium, C.B. < I. . 88 Lepidagathis, ^S". Moore ... 93 linifolium, Ilarv. . 511 loranthifolium, S. Monre .... 90 ovatum, C.B.Cl. . . 90 pliysaloides, S. Moore 89 rupestre, S. Moore . 92 spiiiiierum, C.B. Cl. . 91 Page Petalidium {continued) var. obtusa, C.B.Cl. 91 variabile, C.B.CL . 92 Welwitschii, -S^. Jioore 89 P haul ops is Barteri, Lindau . 86 longlfolius, Lindau . 83 lankesterioides, Lindau .... 87 ohliqiius, Lindau . 86 oppo.'iitifoliiis, Lindau .... 83 rupestris, Lindau . 187 silvestris, Lindau . 85 Phaylopsis .... 82 an go Ian a, S. Moore 84 Barteri, T. Anders. 86 fnlciseuala, 6'.-^.6'/. . 84 glandiilcsa, C.B.CL 87 Johnstoni, C.B.CL . 86 lankesterioides, C.B.Cl . . . . 87 longifoha, Sims . . 83 longifolia, T. Thorns. 84 micrantha, C.B.CL 85 microphylla, T. Anders. . . 85 obliqua, >S. Moore . 86 parnflora, Willd. . 83 Poggei, C.B.CL . . 85 Pofjgei, Lindau . . 85 Phillips ia fruticulosa, Knife . 78 Phlomis africana, P. Beauv. 491 Physacanthus ... 57 cylindricus, C.B.CZ. 58 inflatus, C.B.CL . . 57 Phgsichilus .... 30 harhatus, Nees . . 32 se'negalensis, Nees . 34 Plantago 502 ahyssinica, Hochst. 503 albicans, Linn. . . 503 Fisclieri, Engl. . . p04 Kerstenii, Aschers. 504 lariceolata, Linn. . 503 var. capitata, Decsne . . . 503 major, Linn. . . . 503 paimata, Hook.f. . 504 Psyllium, Linn. . . 504 rugosa, Hochst. . . 505 striata, Schoush. . 504 Platystoma . . . .349 afiicanurii, Beauv. 349 buettnerianum. Briquet . . .350 Jiacciaum, Benlh. . 349 INDEX OF CENERA AND SPECIES. 541 Pa ere Plectrantbus . . . . 898 albiis, Gilrlce . . .413 andongensis, Baker o_'5 barhcttux, Andr. . . 430 betonicaefolius, BaJier4:lQ biflorus, -Baker . . 4u2 bongensis, B((ke.r . 410 brevipes, Baker . . 406 Buchananii, Baker . 402 chiradzuIensi8,£>«Ae/- 412 Coppini, Cornu . . 420 crenatus, Giirke . . 407 cyaneus, Giirke . . 409 cyWxxdiT-Acews, Hochst. 414 decumhens. Hook. f. 421 defoHatus, Hochst. . 417 densus, N.E.Br. . 415 elegans, Britten . .411 Emini, Gurke . . 407 Fischeri, Giirke . . 404 flaccidus, Giirke . 407 floribundus var. longipes, X.F.Br. . . 403 fragilis, Baker . . 407 glandidosus , Britten 443 glandulosus, Book./. 41 1 Gcetzei, Giirke . . 525 herbaceus. Briquet. 410 herbaceus, Schweinf 406 Hclstii, Giirke . . 406 horridus, B(dcer . . 416 hoslundioides, jBaA;er 418 hylophilup, Giirke . 413 insignis, Hook. f. . 404 insolitus, C. H. Wright . 419 Johnstonii, Baker . 411 kamerunensis, Giirke 408 kondowensis, Baker All Lastii, Baker . . 403 laxijlorus var. genuinus, Briquet . . . 412 var. stenodontuSf Briquet . . .412 longipes, Baker . . 406 luteus, Giirke . . b'24, lycopifolius, A. Rich. 414 madagascuriensis, Benth. . . . . 410 Malinvaldii,'Qnq\iQi 435 mandalensis, Baker 405 manganjensis, B«^er 406 Mannii, Baker . . 408 Marquesii, Giirke . 419 marrubioideSj/Zbc/f.v^ 414 masukensis, Baker . 405 matabelensis, Baker 417 Page Fleet rantlius(conii«?re 48 midticaulis, Hochst. 74 nana, Nees . . .118 paradoxa, Lindau . 69 patula, Jacq. ... 45 var. suhvillosa, S. Moore . . 46 pcrsica, Burm. . .102 Pago Ruellia {continued) placoidea, Rendle . 46 praptermissa, Lhidaa 45 prostruta, Lam. . 45, 46 prostrata, 2'. -L4n(/<:;r.v. 46 quaterna, Schumacli. 131 radicans, Hochst. . 73 Jiusj)olii, Lindau . 69 Sclerocldton, S. Moore ... 53 secunda, Vahl . .131 somaliensis, Lindau 69 sp. n. -1, T. Thoms. 164 gudanica, Lindau . 46 sudanica. Lindau . 47 tliu nberg icejlo ra, T. Anders. ... 62 Ruelliopsis .... 59 mutica, C.B.Cl. . 59 setosa, C.B.Cl. . . 59 Rungia 252 Baumannii, Lindau 187 Buettneri, Lindau . 253 congoeiisis, C.B.Cl. 254 prandis, T. Anders. 252 paxiana, C.B.Cl. . 253 pubescens, T. Anders. 253 pubinervia,T. AT\dbrs.2DO repens, Nees . . .254 Ruspolia 174 pseuderanthemoides, Lindau .... 174 Russegera collina, Endl. . . 123 Ruttya 174 fruticosa, lAndau . 175 speciosa, Engl. . .174 Salvia 456 ahyssinica, Hoch^it. 458 abyssinica, Jacq. . 458 abyssinica, R. Br. . 456 congesta, A. Rich. . 458 Fleckii, Giirke . . 457 Hochstetteri, Baler 459 kypolcuca, Hochst. . 458 nifotica, Vahl . . 458 var. scai?*rt, Vatke 451> nubia, Ait. . . . 458 nudicaulis, Vahl . 458 var. nubia, Baker 458 2)ungens, Houhst. . 458 scabra, Hocbst. . . 459 Schimperi, Benth. . 4tbl schimperiana, Hochst 456 simensis, Hochst. . 526 soraalensis, Vatke . 457 I Turdi, A. Rich. . . 459 INDEX OF GExNERA AND SPECIES. 543 Page Sah'iacantliu9 I'reussii, Lindau . 2(»4: Satanocrater . . . HH fellatensis, Schweinf. OS frnticulosa, Lindau 7S paradoxa, Lindau . Oi) Ihi^polii, Lindau (5^> soiualiensis, Lindau 01) iSatureia omta, R. Br. . . 45'2 punctata, R. Br. . i52 Schaueria .... 242 populifolia, C.B.Cl 242 Schu:(ihca Anisacanthus,'L\xxdi\yx2^'i) cdiaris, Nees .214 ecbolioides, Lindau. 239 var. tomcntosa, Lindau . . . 239 revoluta, Liudau . 239 spicigera, Nees . .214 Sclerocliiton . . . .109 Boivini C.B.CL .110 Holstii, C.B.Cl. .111 Kirkii, C.B.a. . .110 nitidus, C.B.Cl. . 110 obtusisepalns, C.B.Cl.lll Preussii, C.B.Cl. .110 scissisepalus, C'.i?.(7^. Ill stenostachyus,'L'm(ia.nll4: Vogelii, f. Anders. Ill Scutellaria .... 461 De Beerstii, Briquet 462 Livingstone!, Baker 462 paucif'olia, Baker , 462 peregrina, Liiin. . 463 poljadena, Briquet. 462 Schweint'urthii, Briquet . . .461 Scytanthus lavrifolius, T. Anders. . . 120 Selagine.^ .... 264 Selago 266 alopecuroides, Bolfe 272 amboensis, Rolfe . 272 angolensis, Rolfe . 271 blantyrensis, Bolfe . 268 Buchananii, Rolfe . 269 coerulea, Rolfe . . 267 Dinteri, Rolfe . .271 Hce pfneri, i?oZ/e . , 271 Holstii, Rolfe . . 269 Holubii, Rolfe . .271 Juhnstoni, liolfe . 269 Jacunosa. Rloizsch . 272 Melleri, Rolfe . . 268 milanjiensis, Rolfe . 269 Nyasae, Rolfe . .270 Pa?e Selago (continued) tenuicaulis. Rolfe . 268 Thomsorii. Rolfe . 270 Ifwmsoni, Wcltst. . 269 thyrsoidea. Baker 270 viscosa, Rolfe . .267 Welwitschij, Rolfe . 270 Wehvitschii. Rolfe . 271 whyteana, Rolfe. . 268 Siphonanthus assurgens, Hiern . 520 hotri/odes, Hiern . 516 conglobata, Hiern . 515 costulata, Hiern . . 515 cuneifolia, Hiern . 518 dnmal'is, Hiern . . 520 Formicarum, Hiern 516 glabra, Hiern . . 515 var. incarnata, Hiern . . . 515 var. vaga, Hiern. 515 myricoides, Hiern . 519 var. Iierbacea, Hiern . . .519 sanguinea, Hiern . 518 splendens, Hiern . 517 var. Baleri, Hiern 517 strict'^, Hiern . . 518 voluhills, Hiern . . 516 Welwitschii, Hiern . 518 Solenostenion . . . 420 africanus, Briquet . 420 bullatus, Brit^uet . 429 calaminthoides, Baker . . . .421 cymosus, Baker . . 422 decumbens, Baker . 421 Mannii, Baker . . 422 monostachyus, Briquet . . . .421 niveus, Hiern . . 526 ocimoides, Briquet . 420 ocyni((ides, Schuni- ach. tt' Tlionn. . 420 var, monostachyus, Baker . . .421 robustus, Hiern . . 526 zambesiacus, Baker 421 Somali-i 140 dii'usa, Oliv. . . .156 Stachys 465 aculeolata. Hook.f 466 aethiopica, Linn. . 467 andongensis, Hiern 467 bizensis, Schweinf. . 468 Hildebrandtii, la^/.-e 468 huillensis, Hiern . 466 hypolenca, Hochst. . 468 uemorivaga, Briquet 467 Page Stachys (continued) palaistina. var. hypoleuca, Baki-r . . . 167 var. Scliiuiperi, Baker . . . 168 pseudonigricans, (riirke .... 466 Schimperi, Vatke . 468 Stachytarpheta . . . 283 angustitolia, Vald . 284 Hildebrandtii, Vatke 284 indica, VaJd. . . . 284 jamaicensig, Valil . 284 mutabilis, Vahl 284 515 Strobilantlies sp. nona, Oliv. . 04 Strobilanthop.sis 511 hircina, -S'. Moore . 511 Stylarthropus Brazzei, Baill. . . 67 Laurentii, Lindau . 08 Preunsii, Lindau 67 Stuhlmanni, Lindau 68 tenuiiora, Baill. 66 ^ Tkolloni, Baill. . . 67 /Symphostemon insolitus, Hiern . . 419 Symplectoc/idus forrno8i8simu8,Lmd&n2o5 Synnema 29 africanuna,0. Kuntz s 29 Teliostachya hyssopifolia, Benth. 129 laguroidea, Nees 128 Teucrium .... 500 abysainicum, Hochst. . . . .501 Folium, Linn. . . 501 Scordinn), Linn. 5(M) Thoniandersia . . . 119 congolana, De Wild (i- Dvr. . . . '512 Hcnsii, De Wild. & Dur 512 laurilolia, Baill. . . 120 Thunbergia .... 8 adenocalyx, Radlk, 11 afiiniw, S. Moore 11 var. pulvinata, S. dMuore 12 alata, Boj. . . . 16 var. reticulata. Bttrkill . . . 17 var. retinervia, BurkiU . . . 17 var. vixalata, BurkiU . . . 16 544 [XDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. Page Thunbergia (contimied) alata, S. Moore . . 16 aihiflora, Gord. . . 10 angolensis, S. Moore 24 angulata, R.Br. . 16 ciiu/ustifolia, Ham. -0 annua, JTochsi. . . 13 var. RiispoHi, Hurlill . . .13 arraipotens, tS. Moore 20 arnhernka, F. Muell. 20 atriplioifolia, Drege 14 aurantiaca, Paxt. . 16 Bacherii, Hnrt. . . 16 brewerioides, Sclujceivj. ... 14 cerinthoides, Racllli. 26 chrjaopp, //oo/i". . . 21 chry.wps, Klotzsch' . 23 cord ata, Z-iTyr/fm . . 22 cvispa, Burhill . . 12 Cycniiim, aS'. Moore 17 cynanchif'-lia, Benth. 20 Delamerei. S. Moore 507 Dochlni, Hort. . . 16 erects, T. Anders.. 12 Ervthrpeae, Schweinf. 17 fascicnlata. Lindau 15 rischeri, Engl. . . 14 fragrans, Roxb. . . 20 var. Icevis, C.B.Cl. 20 Fryeri, Hort. . . 16 fuscata, T. Anders. 16 gentianoides, Badlh. 26 jreranii folia, Benth. 21 Gibaoiji, S. Moore . 15 gigantea, Lindnu . 18 Gregorii, S. Moore 17 euerkeana, Lindau 18 liRmata, Lindav . 18 Hanningtonii, Bur- Idll 19 hirauta, T. Anders. 15 hispida, Solms-Latih. 13 Holstii, Lindau . . 12 honkeriana, Lindau 13 huillensis, S. Moore 15 hyalina, S. Moore . 26 javanica, Gsertn. . 20 kamerunenslt, Lindau .... 10 kirkiana, T. Anders. 19 JiirJdi, Honk. f. .13 laborans, BurInU . 507 hevis, Nees . . . 20 Inmellata, Hiem . 508 lancifolia, T. Anders: 25 var. aunculata, S. Moore ... 26 Page Page Tliunbergia {continued) Tinnea (continued) var. pallida, S. eriocalyx, Wthr. . 4H0 Moore . . . 26 filipes, Bdhcr . 497 lathyroides, Burhill 24 Fischeri, Giirhc . 498 llebrechtsiana, De gracilis, Giirhc . 498 Wild. cC- Dur. . 507 hcteroti/pica,i^. Moore 500 lotigifolia, Lindav . 27 piiysaloides, Bahcr 497 longisepala, Bendle 11 platyphylla, Britpu t 49S malangana, LAndau 11 sp., Oliv. . . . 275 manganjensifi, T. vesiculosa, Giirhr 497 Anders. 16 vestlta, Bahcr 498 Mcchowii, Lindau . 22 zanibesiaca, Bahcr 499 mellinocaulis, Burldll 23 Tuhifiora 27 mollis, Lindau . 22 acaulisj 0. Knntze 28 oblongifolia, Oliv. . 24 paucisrjvamoxn , De Wild. & Dur. var. Berringtonii, 509 Burhill . . . 508 s^tAawiosrt, LiudfUi 2.'~ , 509 var. glaberrima, Tyloglossa Burhill . . . 25 acuviimita, Hochst. 192 parvifnlia, Lindau . 25 Kotschyi, Hochs^. . 198 paulitschkeana, Beck 13 longipcs, Hochbt. . 131 petersiana, Lindau . 23 rruvjor, Hochst. . 19(^ phytocrenoides, T. minor, Hoch««t. . . 190 Anders. . . . 7 2^alustris, Hochst. . 192 Randii, S. Moore . 508 rosira^a,Hochsi.l35 196 reticulata, Hochst. . 17 Schimperi, Hochst. 196 reticulata, A. Rich. 16 Boxhurghia, Nees . 20 Valerirxnoidcs rufescens, Lindau . 10 rautahilis, 0. Kuntze 515 Ruspolii, Lindau . 13 Verbena 286 saltinna, Stend. 16 honariensis, Linn. . 286 scandens, Pers. . . 20 indica, Jacq. 284 Schweinfurthii, S. officinalis, Linn. 286 Moore .... 24 squamosa, .Jacq. 509 sericea, Burhill . . 14 supina, Linn. 286 sessilis, Livdau . . 21 Verbenace.e . . . 273 stellarioides, Burhill 26 Vitex 315- var. graminea, aesculifolia, Bahcr . 325 Burhill . . . 27 amboniensis, Giirhc 329 stnhlroanniana, andongensis, Bahcr 329 Lindau .... 22 angolensis, Giirhc . 325 subal-ta, Lindau . 19 barbata, Planch. 323 suhsagittata, Blanco 20 Bucbanani, Baker . 319 Thonneri, De Wild. Buchneri, Giirhc 331 ii' Bur. . . . 506 Caraporum, Biittn. . .323 togoensis, Lindau . 22 CaiTalhi, Giirhc. . 326 usambarica, Lindau 23 chrysocarpa, Planch. 325 vogeliana. Benth. . 10 chrysoclada, Bqj. . 317 volubilis, Pers. . . 20 Cienkowskii, Kotschy Thymus 454 iai a, Baker . 322 ziinzibarensis, Vatke 318 Volkameria acerbiana, Vis. . . 295 cord if alia, Hochst. . 304 Volkensio2)h y ton nevracanthoides, I.indau . . . .122 PzKC Wahahift loiu/ijlora, Fenzl . 152 Whit'fieldia .... 65 arnoldiana, Dc ]Vild. iir 511 Drazzei, C'.B.CL . 67 elongata, C.B.Cf. . 66 clonr/ata, De Wild. & Dur. . . .511 var. Dcwcrrei, De Wild. & Dur. . 511 iateritia, I/ook. . . 67 Laurentii, C.B.Vl. . 68 liebrechthiana, Dc Wi/d. (i Diir. . 511 lonyifiora, S. Moore 66, 67 longilolia, T. Andcrn. . m, 511 var. Dewevrei, C.B.Cl. . . .511 lonqifolia, T. An- ders 66, 67 perglabra, C.B.Cl. . 66 Freussii, C.B.a. . 67 Stnhlmanni, C.B.Cl. 68 subviridis, C.B.Cl. . 66 taftganyikensit!, C.B.Cl 67 Zapania nodiflora, Lam. . .279 Zonib'.ana .... 263 africana, Baill. . . 263 ERRATA. Page 2, line 28 for appear read appears ,, 21, ,, 5, for Leaves sessile read Upper leaves sessile or subsessile, lower stalked ,, 36, ,, 20, lor and read und ,, 43, ,, 16 from bottom, for T. spicata read B. spicata ,, 50, ,, 15, /o?- petals rmd petioles ,, 52, lines 31 «nd 32, transpose the figures 3 and 4 „ 79, line 4, for 26 read 25 ,, 88, ,, 10, /or obvate rmri obc.vate ,, 95, ,, 17 from the bottom, /or scorpiod rftrf scorpioid ,, 180, ,, 23, for trinervis read trinervia ,, 209, ,, 26, for spp. n. 2-4 read sp. n. 4 546 ERRATA. Page 222, line 17, for pair read pairs 231, ,, 12, for glabe scent read glabrepcent 245, ,, 4 from the bottom, for Zwei. read Zwei 273, ,, 26, for Perfect stamens 2 read Perfect stamens 4 ,, ,,27, for Perfect stamens 4 read Perfect stamens 2 277, ,, 16, deUbimX 284, ,, 16, after as insert long as 297, „ 13, dele 5656 1 ,, ,, 9 from the bottom, rfe^e 5662 ! 304, ,, 12 from the bottom, for Hochgeberigsfl. read Hocbgebirgsfl. 320, ,, 2 from the bottom, for Mossamb, read Mossamb. 326, „ 2, dele 5665 ! 327, ,, 17, for Comptcs-rendns. reaH Comptes-rendus 331, ,, 9 from the bottom, for Beauv, read Beauv. 352, ,, 9 from the bottom, /o?* Fruit read Caljx 376, „ 13, for C. read 0. 411, ,, 27', for Circoea read Circcza 423, ,, 7 from the bottom, \or gymnostomum read gymnostoinus 425, ,, 4, for etevaldianus read eetveldeanus 430, ,, 20, dele C. rupestris, Hochst. in Schimp. Pi. Abyss. No. 2172. 451, ,, 1, for scliiinperi read Schimperi 528, ,, 21 of central column, for Afromendonica read Afromendoncia i