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au

Akademiya Nauk SSSR
FLORA of the U.S.S.R.
Volume IX
V. L. Komarov, Editor

Rosales and Sarracentales

TRANSLATED FROM RUSSIAN

Published for the Smithsonian Institution
and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C.
by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations

‘) |

©BOTANICHESKII INSTITUT, AKADEMII NAUK SSSR

Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.

FLORA OF THE USS.S.R.

(Flora SSSR)

Volume [X

Rosales and Sarraceniales

Chief Editor Academician V.L. Komarov
Volume Editor S.V. Yuzepchuk

Compiled by
A.G. Borisova, V.L. Komarov, A.N. Krishtofovich,
A.S. Lozina-Lozinskaya, V.P. Maleev, I.V. Palibin,
A.I. Poyarkova, Yu.D. Tsinzerling,
and S.V. Yuzepchuk

\
Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSRyi», _ Ne
Moskva-Leningrad AVOSH Lh
1939 eevee

Translated from Russian

Israel Program for Scientific Translations
Jerusalem 1971

ra, 70-50LL0
Published Pursuant to an Agreement with
THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, U.S.A.
and
THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION, WASHINGTON, D.C.

®

Copyright © 1971
Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd.
IPST Cat. No.5773

Translated by L. Belurman
Edited by Z. Blake

Printed in Jerusalem by Keter Press
Binding: Wiener Bindery Ltd., Jerusalem

Available from the
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Technical Information Service
Springfield, Va.22151

XII/7/38

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Russian English

page* page

Bye miniiejndex of Species in Volume Daal 4 42325 9-fe. oe tele vii vii
PUEDES GS Se eee Te ee re eam ae ee ree ees WO ese vi il
Beeeea. goartaceniales Engl. |. - + yewiete sat aahis se sb as 3m selek il 3
Family LXXII. Droseraceae DC. .... . ee eee eee eens 1 3
Geuus soos. Aldrovanda MO ooseid afin =o) «2. il 3
GemisvO94 wD MOST a Te, oe cieleds Bante joie cadet. Re 4 5

GME Sra ROSALES HUNG, .)..0.ci0's)ey0 osejee enous o olemememeteets att a tole th cody tebe 6 7
Heatly POX TIT. <Chassulaceae DG.) , .. «feyts -varerarslebahlarsysiteterd’ « 8 8
Key to Genera FROIN CHEMONG CICROH OIC CEEED ci Oo. COCA EMD 4 Gra CRCRO en Dt eos 9 9
Ssubipmily i. Crassuloideae Berger pated «sd a> seeenaee 10 10
Gaus 605.) Tillaea (Mich) Ls a. satires den eee oe Ali: 10
Subiamily 2. Cotyledonoideac Berger j)0).).ceeaedaonle-« 13 12
Gomns 096. Umi bilieus DG. ssoncushs-ae pees ade «te 13 12
subgenus Chiastophyllum ||... .ssitt.esesseck .. 14 13

Subiapaily 3. Sempetvivoideag Berger |... 2-2 --2-+- eebier 14 13
Gems ool. Semperviviwm Ly diewed oe meted kor . | 15 14
supimily 4. Sedoideae Berger rzbpatt. genta ve’ oak 24 20
Soe TI ISROS olen Saino )¢a Uk Io WI Wiel aR REC CM Sh we eect A 24 20
GennsiG9Oe wore down) 1s) \ a ietee ce memsyeyeetetetteke Sie st Mtoe, cho lake 45 36

Genus 700. Pseudosedum (Boiss.) Berger +++ ee ee ee 99 19

Genus 701. Orostachys (DC.) Fisch.) .-.++5.......) 108 86

Genus 702. Rosularia (DC,) Stapi pails Ai perso eal < ts 114 90
Subigmily 6, Penthoroideae (Engl.) A-Bor ) \-)tacdaake. ot 132 104
Genas (03; (Penthorum Gromowe er sted hadebeen ole 132 104

Pomel Ay. Saxiitasaceae DC, s+» «a gelatible stele 's tho thNeles of 134 106
subiannly ll. Saxitragoidede A.Br. .) .2 aa. moat semie. . 135 8107
iinet aSaxiitaseae DC... «tial aes oIRat ae. ot 185) 107
Geame (04. .Astilbe Hamilton. «..fht.eiciarh to. .8 135 107

Cems 705. Bergenia Monch), ,jikiece akc ute dba S.08 136 108

Genus 106, \Saxitnaga ds 0. 4 cvssipotacabtaee eds bei. .) 138 109

[Russian page numbers appear in the left-hand margin of the text. ]

ili

Genus 707.
Genus 708.

Nile MIRE TEs) TOES aan cin o doh etude do ac.oi ao OG
Gina PGOiS Jue i whiea Iba eo do ae oes

Tribe 2. Parmassieae S.F.Gray .-.--.--:2+--+-e eee eee

Genus 709.

Pra rm aysisiia, eet y E aveuctarcueaietore eles a erehive erence ie

Subfamily (2) Hydraneeoideac ea Bis) seer amerqct oem ata
Tribes (Philadel pheae Reliby) a: ever cereeer is sre «erie

Genus 710.
Genus 711.

Piva Waidiedypihimsi is saveletotasiaysccics a etevere penis
Dieta Tas AMD Gi i. eiataehettetceretoreysusts wic.lorels

Uribe Zo, Hydrangede DGe CR eye te tale Mente rele) ole felel ve vcnal=

Genus 712.

In GlineVin ieee! WA Soci soeeoccccdsudaubes

Sublamswhy 3. Ribesioiclea crit ole yer aeleey Reletetetellele! Vel ahele

Genus 7138.

ROU iS aL aeons ede, sete as wala Rep Uc st(oy ates oa

Subgenus, 1. Ribestal(Berl)Manez. --).)5,..-..--
SubSenus) 2. ENE DER ME Tal Jane zay mines oe veteretere a ae
Subpenus) 35 (Guo ssmlamuon/d esivane ze | Vey. tel-<-
SUBGENUS! 2 PEM OTEO sim a anez-sm a-1-)-\-ereene eta
SUDS|SNUISHOe BIC Essie «SACI ar. vekert inlet etenetarane

Genus 714.

Grossi laria MALO MRR aoe ee eee a ne

FanailysePittosporacede, Eimdien ivever-ttensrtelaia\- ier cert arenes te

Genlis™ Pat tiO S poms i sDryainiy ye Ftey-vatat-t=tol-)-taehet tela ee =e
Family xxv. eHamanmelidaeeaes indian ei) atatete eet a ete ete

Genus 715.

PKack SONG ae WG AUR MICE ata ©, ESR ERA he so

Family SE Wecommlaceac Vian sie aici aramuryle eeraarate tse tenele rte a
(Gens le wie Olina Ms ey (OMN | atic cop om minors Gia moomoo OE
evan, LYOUMe Vietneloeeeele Iota so. ais Gro cmomioot doe 6

Genus 716.

Paleartaametl'S sly 48 a ee ee oe ee

Inzhaabl bya EOOV ANS I MOBrVC eR Ver SSS |S 6b ceca bac colo once Citic
IK to) Sonia ca cae OU e bon cs ago ce ole clo so mode
Subiamily i) Spiracoideae Agardii. ease). ee oris iis a

Genus 717.
Genus 718.

FIM PS OEE OWS INEM Coa ooo eo coomn
Seine Sel IBY cio gdc cos ood oooe om ago oo

Subgenus Ls sP re tos ta eas Nalkaten) | irate oe a
Subgenusi2.. Mieitiasipiiwa caleNa katate ee.)

Genus 719.
Genus 720.
Genus 721.
Genus 722.
Genus 723.

Si bara ea WMATA? esd SR AAA le cee
ATU meety's) SAG ais Hg BSE icwanets dey cu ebelioveite te tetra, oh
Sionbiawda. A Bros A. as QR ad PHORM IAS.T,
SipiiemayS-ayil 6 iS wy eesatirah th) SE FP Ee
E;%0:C dyoir dial einidll 9 «5-025 citar, eaten teen ene

Subfamily 2 Romoidede FOCKe ©)... artetdarsetare tater eta

Genus 724.
Genus 725.
Genus 726.
Genus 727.
Genus 728.

CotromeasterwMiedikes oem... actot. toes
Gydiomiay MEL t=. SIE ieta cls! tte tnt she ats
P'S TAWUS WES > eit cei te ieee erator alle lee heme aterataliete
Mia Lins Uti Sah ent cen Ryehig eg epcteMeo site oto atetin ete
SiON DASH I Weise icky thece tints ot seerever aacieioye

199
200
215
216
220
220
220
223
225
225
226
226
232
246
247
248
207
267
270
270
2H
212
273
273
274
274
279
280
281
282
283
286
290
306
309
32
316
316
318
319
334
336
3907
372

154
155
166
166
169
170
170
172
174
174
175
175
Tg
189
190
191
198
205
208
208
209
209
210
210
ye
2m
215
216
216
PM)
218
220
224
239
238
240
243
244
245
246
257
259
275
286

SHITTING SIS ASC) a eitis ISOs Neb eon codec soos
SHILSMES Zo ele Old el WKerchilies Vagina somo oon odes

Genus 729.

MULCROGREIES IDECMNES sooucacescugduce

(GEMS 35 Oy) oi) my elesiini alll Meh Go eroreoe cia ge ocledioe

Genus 730.
Genus 781.
Genus 732.
Genus 7383.

Addenda VIII (Diagnoses of New Species Mentioned in Volume IX)

Index Alphabeticus

‘ran ELE Ii ene IMIEGHIKG | 5656 ao doucdous
PVA a Mipglieh INS Gen oon arcs a enookan
IVAVS Sin INUDSS WINS. ay hetanenerecs alent} eco cre @ Sete. s
CPEMBE) COMI IS 6 Gch os Orde mag ad ol An pb

eoeceoeee ee oe ee oe woe ee ore ow ee moe oe eee ee

PEeuAMOMERCOTOMS OF TIE USSR, 5 vijej ays vgepeueisl sia c)y sues syitpereieieie soc

List of Abbreviations

Ce

372
387
406
407
408
413
414
416

469
511
541

286
296
310
311
312
315
316
317

357
397
416
419

SUBJECTS AND CONTRIBUTORS

Preface and Indexes Editorial Staff
Family Crassulaceae Arranged by A.G.Borisova
Subfamily Saxifragoideae Arranged by A.S.Lozina-Lozinskaya

Subfamilies Hydrangeoideae, Ribesioideae,
Spiraeodieae. Genera Cotoneaster, Cydonia,
Micromeles, Eriobotrya, Amelanchier,

Pyracantha, Mespilus, Crataegus Arranged by A.I.Poyarkova
Families Pittosporaceae, Hamamelidaceae,

Eucommiaceae, Platanaceae Arranged by I.V.Palibin
Genus Pyrus Arranged by V.P.Maleev
Genus Malus Arranged by S.V.Yuzepchuk
Subgenus Eu- Sorbus of Genus Sorbus Arranged by V.L.Komarov
Subgenus Hahnia of Genus Sorbus Arranged by Yu.D.Tsinzerling
Reports on Discovery of Plant Fossils A.N.Krishtofovich

Addenda — Descriptiones plantarum novarum
in tomo IX Florae URSS commemoratarum.

The plates were drawn by the following artists: Z.V.Kobyletskaya — I—XI, XXI];
A.S.Lozina-Lozinskaya — XII; S.A.Moiseeva — XIII, XV, XXVII; E.A.Derevitskaya —
XIV; M.M.Parfenenko (deceased) — XVI; E.V.Blagoveshchenskaya — XVII—XIX, |
XXII-XXVI, XXVIII-—XXX; O.P.Voronova — XX, XXI.

Vi

PO ANS Bie

*
*

Ane WN

PEVESICUIOSA ME) BR Se Voile Os ie eh yo ds gol eM iagee Be re oie, | Aamo a Bana, SS
Genus 694. Drosera L.
D. rotundifolia L. . 2 gl qiitig al Siut iS phe ao) gts) ARCs, cE irctatech . adete NaN Sus aaa
mse eau TAS sie sols ge gs) y nk oe om Sin tubieig Sq ace crete RIN, Cok cage I Sais
DARL CU me AMEN CRM OR ors ps p<! y's pik es wisi tug ome edu We RE wo cis sca: ac sete aloes
Wao ouatauhicrts vet, Mochtosrs « ,- ic nslic usta percaee Brads Geo sSownid es ied Heres
Order 23. Rosales Lindl.
Family LXXIII. Crassulaceae DC.
Subfamily 1. Crassuloideae Berger
Genus 695. Tillaea (Mich.) L.
Mio Waste cera NG) (oe aN ee ea ee ee iene. Mrs lbeh T ct
Pera icamleenMnen ime. Ree he, one Mi ak CB AN Ye oe ee tae
Geral a cam AEN es ae ten Mee hate) tur macmer a, eey Meitees La Min yes <a Ik un Loe
Subfamily 2. Cotyledonoideae Berger
Genus 696. Umbilicus DC
U. oppositifolius Ldb. . .. . AE em M CM SMR IRE cea ee he, Wee ea ae Se
Subfamily 3. Sempervivoideae Berger
Genus 697. Sempervivum L.
Section 1. Eu-Sempervivum Schoenl.
Seep NS MBE oe ct 6 ce Ph wich: pay dele ahh cee fe fom: cal om on cu PRL een we
Srevectomum cll h4)2¥as se .8 oN elem ee co Gh es aN ae eee ey ae gl ive embed eine,
DuECaCASIcuM: “RUD: +128) tPA Un by ee ayia ecikieceeet
Smnuthenicum (C2 ¥Koch)eSchnittsp. et» Lehms -) 2: <r 2! 21 = <n 'ee acon eld. Davaenen
Smacicbittertimuiliyh 4% Spethys tye" ot joy o¥'e" oF cP chiverdiem tinehsenasta mney sR « Maa eal
Smee KONI A IIE Oredie fe M yoda tse Mie hyo SM, GMycot). MyrotyicMl eM va¥ (cal! oki oh) lah) GoM | aimless
Section 2. Jovisbarba DC.
SMSO OlMe Rum OtnIS: 4) MRS PRL te MMR Ee MEE SO sh ct ek

SYSTEMATIC INDEX OF SPECIES IN VOLUME Ix*

Order 22. Sarraceniales Rgl.
Family LXXII. Droseraceae DC.
Genus 693. Aldrovanda Monti

[This index has been reproduced photographically from the Russian original. |
[Russian page numbers appear in the left-hand margin of the text.]

Vil

Russian page**

1

HD WN bo

11
12
12

14

16
17
18
7p
21
22

23

Subfamily 4. Sedoideae Berger

Genus 698. Rhodiola L.
Section 1. Clementsia (Rose) A. Bor.

1. R. Semenovii (Rgl. et Herd.) A. Bor, - 2 2-2 eee ee ee eee es

Section 2, Eu-Rhodiola Schrenk
9 “Revrasea: Dic: chain ae Sock ae eee Rye) Se tegeteta vaks l
3 R. arctica AtIBorntee Villy Rh A a ES Rc ig ee oS cr
4. R. iremelica Ay Bore,’ 42) RETR Bis RS: . ws
& R- sachalinensis Ax Bors fc00008 ad 8 i eg ee ee we
6. R. heterodonta (Hook. et Thoms.) A. Bor... 2-2 2 2 2 ee ee ee es
.—” R. viridula A. Bore’. 6 < “oof gee eoucsmlt: ZOEES Scecatr = 5. ~ )s inne
7. Ri borealis A. Bors s6 « 6) < ss eis Se ra ee
8. R. atropurpurea (Turcz.) Trautv. et Mey... - - - +e es 2 ee st tes
6 (RURinlbwieReh eb Maxims “ORO S95i6 RS SS es nk oe
10. R. linearifolia (Rgl. et Schmalh.) A. Bor. . 2. - 2 eee ee ee te es
11. Re pinnatifida:Ay Born.) «py ©) ASSES SOS we ss
12. R. Stephani (Cham.) Trautv. et Mey... - ee ee ee eee et es
13. R. algida (Ldb.) Fisch. et Mey... - 2 6 00 2 ee ee ee
14. R. Komarovit: As. Bors. si eyes cry pagans stan eter coat ae er acs US SURa

Section 3. Chamae-Rhodiola Schrenk
15. R. quadrifida (Pall.) Fisch. et Mey... - ee se 2 ee ee ee ee ee es
16. R. kaschgarica A, Bor, 2 0 ee ee ee ee te et ee ee ee ts
17: Reopamiroalaica, Ay Bora 5 Se ee BS ee ks ses Seine
18. R..caccinea (Royle) ABors. 0s 6 is bus cas sf -val Sees © paroeeme
19K. welida.Schreok 70s) 39s 5 5 meee 8 ew aie aS 3
90: R. recticulate Ac Bor 050. =; soe 8 ok © Se aes os ase Oe
91! R. Uitvinovit. A. Bore 60. A we se 0 8 ow
Genus 699. Sedum L.

Sectionl. Telephium S. T. Gray
1, S. spurpureum (L.), Schulte!f. pce oi pol fe Sah his OLE > Sa
2..S. mugodscharicum A. Bor. 000 2 ws 84 ke we ws 8S 5S
3. 'S.-parvistamineuom V.Petrov~. - =. ss se ss 8 + Se
® S. maximum (Li) “Suter® oo 0 2 oft SN th rt ene RE
5S. telephtum Ls Se 8 ee ee se Se a, ss
6. S. caucasicum (Grossh:) A. Bors "Ss 0 5 ee SS = a
7. S. verticillatum DE. ss 4 « seuspsteesnest- Se) See < + * ~~ Sie
8. S. viviparum Mazim.. ss 00 6 eps 8 88 8 oN os ss 5 9 ae
9. S- uscuriense’ Kom he ee es res 8S Se
10. S. pallescens. Freyn 0 oe se ss ee se sn Shoe aaa
Hit S. eupatoricides Kom... £0 se
12. S. alboroseum Baker. << / ssc ss eee Ss 8s + 8 - og Re
#3 S. Ewersiis Lb sicices ac. se ce sm oy el ides epestinds@ fhe sO aan
74. S. pluricaule. Kudo. os) 6) ees + Sa
15. S. cyaneum Rud... 6 ee ee a
— Si anacampseroa ke ss sels se 8 3 gS as & 8 St SS Se Be
=. (@ faharie Koch:< ds oe See ee SRRPECUR 6 SS

Section 2. Populisedum Berger
16. S. populifolium Pall! 2% ls Ist oh ha Ree EE ees Sa

Vill

Section 3. Aizoon Koch
REMERON cr items ee Liens erga os yeah ts ea ae ee a tant LE Fe % oa. Gum Quin ls
TeV DeRaIzeoniom! Nhe ss Sas BS sh Sys Gd. ba dwegl Scel@ den faked
moe enmactaticnn Misths ic. f.4 4 2,5 ¢ da dao a fk OAS fol ge po hig
Sree viddendorfianum Maxim. .; s.< sir auieusus co 6 es fe oh hs Shwe ea
a Sh EAST ELTA Ts OR ade aii IE Ae Pe gh A aera an A
PMPRMUSONACeCOMs matt. fete ee ee ee SRE el enh eke ee ak anes sae I.
Poe Selskianum Reliwet Maak;'s « sii aihacyeant) (WS eawee®) << cs eee 8g

Section 4. Seda Genuina Koch
Sys. stevenianum\Rouy et Camus «i: 2 4 ¢ 2 6 5 3 8 POM UE) oy geome

Pemeectoloniterdm SG. Ginel., «ses, sie i otic, oo) wmycbemigdh we # es doe hey
ee EIEN ORS PMA cg cfs. ck Gs SE oa ten Sy BU Ge Se bok Slccbagh Ge lms dasaaiodas
Pemecnnomiiolingsims |... 2. oo ee lod 2 Dn ey eee oo ae
PEE UAUDINCLATATLMNMIOR DEE Mudie ch a fy sy See AWine sll el ey ee Oh se ak dy thks teat anes

SP SEOnINeMIS Stes. 8 Se ee el We ee ne ake
Pomteneligm NetBe: «)) Beate <dte) seme WOR REROED eo a we
UE OISSS nts, aah Mia te BoE ek aS Bier be a ga a es
SL alegerere UG. “20 RAR ae ean een ery nn Ce 0g IY en A ome ty PaaS

EAPC ETE VAS. ete o iy ss. \e: ie Say 32s) eu Os ge, we died Sulielcabecs a
PME TICMATICHENMGKOSSN, ie) c. 5, 3) a> ay sep ee, el ce he) aoe ea) oe
Srouuniatum (CiA.M)eBows: 6) 14 PROPOR POLO a Pk ae

RPMS UEC tea a, 5, sy sy! sy ch cu ed oy Se oe ee ck ce se Ot LO ee

Sree Sem Ne ITE rs, that op iia soy “de @). ek oe dk lo ay ap oO Ebay neiiaoge

PeerenincechoidesPRemisl. «a 9) «ey =) Soo ay ne wai ay shee Ge wet ARO

Section 5. Epeteium Boiss.
Seem ILCUIATARO La) tel e cie T e Mae ee MTicn Me vn, Mera ee Rs ay Sy a ee
eae pentaperalum A, Boris jim — Bars iw youre iieten. to. ..y7]) steimomm
Poe SUCHOMeUM MAM BOFss Mehecall 4 «4 0 « af a lame. ds aeetl) seomede
Pee moAvidnme Ms B..6 6 20 eg. 44 aS ew be OR, CMW. ts ee) pels
Bemoeenmrmibosiumy (Grossh.. ye ar. sh ce ay oj op DOMIOG, Chol de iy 7) mone eeay
LUTON Ue, Wc Biagte sal, BU hw soa sye test, Sy Sh phiegd GepoaBhés. SelleaWhadcu Meee
Jace che, SCHIST h, LL a een ae eee fey rer MONy Reem Awe oh aR
Papen AL SaATABYZAET Macs: Mieto whe 0s a0) 6, (05: oa 2 avy Bog yA ee Be tal Sg cag Besbolt telemege sighted

een RSET (LTS EL Ot. Les.) REAR, «0 sce. ca caw we neon om 40am ip vad pt ona opeteome
MEO MELCER AIST UTENSIL Al EVsyiet iecesl Oo) soi) Gielen ce econ INE Ree Won eee ea Le a neat
Ae SMC ENENSE MII is rc) uae hee uals ae eee ee ee me ee eee ee en Me te

Genus 700, Pseudosedum (Boiss.) Berger
Section 1. Lievenia A. Bor.
Revtaewenivs(Gdb,) Berger... 5.6.6, <8, eA es ay oo ys Niegis boot otter
MemiUnitentatinm A. BOP 1'3. 6! io 2 G6 eo oe ey os ee he Sele
FP

pacondensatum: A. Bors tyes PRs eee, we Re I Ee Sal aid eee

; Pala rs cs
(ee) (eo) (©) ©) 2°) ay} tao) 9)

rial det sacl

ee
av

OID Wp w
AAAADHA

AAA A

AAAAA A

ro)

Section 3. Campanella A. Bor.

. multieaule (Boiss ‘ef Buhse) As Bor. oe os Sia ye 106

: Fedtschenkoanum! Ac’ Bore s+ S55 Se Ot CRS OR ye et oc alee 107

. Campanulitlonum A. iBorsiW sue Mics tera ous Iecahre! st ljetr es kee We Ae ocr 107

. KRaratavicum JA: "Bore ian sec Co) lost vsaiel, et cagmenien weer a4 ay bee cin ll i ka a 108

Genus 701. Orostachys (DC.) Fisch.
Section 1. Euappendiculata A. Bor.
. malacophylla (Pall.) Fisch... 2° 4 . << 15 (3 “aS 4 eee Gaemeeee 110
Section 2. Appendiculata A. Bor.

b Spinosa (ls) (Co ALM. geass 3) 0 ie) ates ta 5 gout. i ea 110 ;
Chyrsitlona) Basch. eos co. ec ee eer (en ae Cee RS i. 112 ;
Cartilagineat Ag DORs au cgi creel n ae Se ole Leis Wee tee ge ah oy 112 |

tfimbriata |(lurez.), ,Bereer s) <. )i6) = sere 4 a) Ree ion eels 6) ge 13 |

Genus 702. Rosularia (DC.) Stapf |

Section 1. Sempervivoides Boiss.
~ pirlasat (NM BeyRAY Borer S's co trre ook Sighs & <n SW ee: gel oe ne 117 |
« Sempervivoides (Fisch) A. Bors 200 oS soe es Sb ees, ce 118 |
Section 2. Eu-Rosularia Berger

- Sempervivum (M.°B:), Berger 9 0S.) ce wat an ot ce ot oh ot, ct ot Ce Bo :

~ radieiflora. (Steud.) Av Ber. SiGS) .) 6 to 0 a 120

. persican(Boiss:) Berger: » os ss eww) Hot ot ft oe ee 120

. elymaitica (Boiss. (et) Hausskn:) Berger .-.. ./-° -) 1.) ) 1 3 3 5 3 Se 121

LipskyiwACt Bors Suelo he Aa ge te ae So SE Oe 121

L hishanicawereiBors < 24.64 k 0 cat cee ce oh or Rane ete Le 122

Section 3. Orientalia A. Bor.

. paniculata (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Berger. . . 2. - - 2-2 55 8 ee ee ee 123

. Subspicata (Freyn et Sint.) A. Bor... 2°95. 0. + . 5 . 208 <5. eee 123

. glabra (Rel. et Wink!) Berger. i aps .us. & ©. 2°99 - » 3 0 eee 124
turkestanica (Rgl. et Winkl.) Berger - - - - - - +--+ 22 ee ee tees 127

Section 4. Campanella A. Bor.

~ Kokaniea (Rolet Schmalh.) A. Bor. ©. 2.2 2 = = = .5 = seine 128

M lutea AMOR Sots sk eer ke any oe aaa TON AA eo Mace Ty is) (clo: oe 128

t alpestris (War. ef Kir.) A: Bor. <= <2). 2 <)60 sos, < 4 5 = 129

& Schicchkini Ac Bor’ .c 6 a © 8 kas Se Ree 8 eo oe 130

Btadzhikistana Ao Bornes © n= we eis lacie Se 6 8 ck. isl ee 130

. platyphylla (Schrenk) Berger... - +--+ eee eee > ee tees 131

Subfamily 5. Penthoroideae Engl.
Genus 703. Penthorum Gronow
Schimenseh architec * cit epee. eal an ob Coe meet eT me Maree Mtoe, Tian Ts <a See ame 132
& hemile Rel? et*Maacle: 4c a6 8 2! tah) oF Fy. PRS Se ee 133
Family LXXIV. Saxifragaceae DC.
Subfamily 1. Saxifragoideae A. Br.
Tribe 1. SAXIFRAGEAE DC.
Genus 704. Astilbe Hamilton
. chinensis (Maxim.) Franch. et Sav... . - 2-2. + 2 ee ee ee ee es 135

Ne
rf

yom wp

e

; men a iP: aren
AYPNNNNNNNNNNNNUNUNHY

Genus 705. Bergenia Monch

oagaaspzicrsrint cl Sa (TL 2 Veena fe): eas SR EN SS en ae 137
Be pacilncatoniiiiet 2 6 2 56. ye ea STS ASI Pas NE eh TN PUA a el inne ay 137
Genus 706. Saxifraga L.
Section 1. Boraphylla Engl.

MeN CICAlis.. DEAD On. | ukelseeet cyte Suter CO RUE aii eS: 145
co. Syowdesteipey, Ses rl ai ala ener ec cre voi ould tier ll ane a ae 146
Mi FESS FO ST os a al he do A ee a a 146
SMEREIULOTINIST Ol WiIPe Pets Bold: ME eky ty he RONNIE MOHALI aT en A ee eee 147
BERT RItAMIENNe. Mosk ty 2k oR eS Lop ee keg ke Oe 147
. Ng gatterne, (OR UD ore BR ER ao Mee te a al ae a a NA 148
|) DRA S STC ad G77 a= PY Ue 149
mmncusiimiensis*(englt)) Nom. = 2. sus soe al ee He Bae Of ele eae 149
RAST DCOLCESWAG Acosta. fk. go. ee ol SSA te! Se egy ek ae 149
Redowskianavoternbs i fs.) 2. 8 as Gm a es ot No A Re aie ca) ot eat 150
RECA TIGIC AM Wille ewer ae ee ak ar la (Ra a ei nate ok Ok Se pee roe 151
eeorandiperala (Engk et Irmsch.) As Lose. 2 55 5 2 fe De Ee ee 151
BERIGCINIGOESLH OS. 9S Dalal) Sinn tel ie Ree eae 6 of eae 151
TLULLIS MCR RUM km AR re BR el al Se ee al es ea 152
mrcememineanionesm.* 200 2 2 a ee ole re Pee ee oy gy eS
eelihuerana Relet Til. . « ~ ; oh DAY 1c a ge cae ame ae me aS 2 RAIS Hh 155
IS IRS ee eh SC et en aah ekki AS ee Re Ea 156
Mesachalinensiseirs Schimiat® 3). s\ els shat eee PI Bs whet ee cine 156
2 EE SRRSTG VON Cal |< fun MR gc ca gS 157
MELOLIOIGSAMREA TATA Vote e oe ce COE SE) A eB lep ak shah eae gt Seas 157
MekedowskigAdams (Mal? wacker ake 2 etisae ho el ak hes 158
5 CEOS Joe ap Au {NS ee ee ee ee a en aA eee ays 2 aTEK 158
2 Wbordant TBRere te aettar Ore hse epepeenanae Nts ie Met EN Meat Coie a ge ae gn mee ak ras praia aT 159

Section 2. Hireulus (Haw.) Tausch

Seeeersciaides Kol. et, Sehmalhi s., 46 sys on cvleh bv cs oh chee ees ye 160
Si, loveeaaihnes 1h Wks oe Re SA ke a Poo meg MR 160
SeiflaeciiarisaWilld:. . .. Ags S109 8 etd EO OR i he See 161
ICOM ATOVINGANRELZOSS bis, you coh co) bk eee Be eave ee Go Be Giclee ‘Seu de eel o 162
PCBEUFERAT UES ee oes ue et Ge 2 eg ee ee CAR ateoeewige 162
Saeiimiutoiajhursh ee oe ea @ be eee bane Neha eeiton 163
Section 3. Miscopetalum Haw.

Bomeorutalia,(somm. et Ley.) Gross. i 3 <2 ss = = /cp i be <peien lt oduunreuins 163
Section 4. Cymbalaria Griseb.

LAME TA EESGISSS RST eee. ss." sok Gere PAPER eee SO ie, Balun SRST ako sane 164

- Ee EPIL ENT be te nmapanat PE il MER CN cols. te tn RN aR RUN RA i fear cia 165
Section 5. Tridactylites Haw.

PRET ACTS LUIZCE'S Vinee Mot 85 Me ete hE OTM he NA Maen OO SLO igd 165

RR EONCRTICL OTIS artes 15 tira, 72 A, ee Ae te ORG Te rs SET 166
Section 6. Nephrophyllum Gaud

Si TREE) 0) MG 2 I ul ae le a ar lari cr 167

SRLTeRC Eerie at UML. ats 2“ 5 OEE SD wm TORTI Se ee Me 167
SAIC GRE WAM ARERE NY 6 cumin cde smnesic regions ML ime Wis Had, aetna bee aa ha a Rome, OT pee. 168

Xi

BEG aii nioae Whe: eli kk leek Sea Media e toda ge Tato BS toa Can a os ea
MOPS. ri Obici Srnttlie nls. sau Ske etec tere det Malm ote. tai at eae Me) oh tat ee co Cea
AN iS crivnlarrs ea eis, a cue ie es WRC ere: est relate SPAS Soevieh catego che ae
Al. S. ‘bracteatasD. Doni. 6 es) = 2 sae ote Cooe: oie ne
49. 4S.jexilis Stephan ai, - pu, Ga Wa Ge ies keene cles =) Bara
Section 7. Dactyloides Tausch
ASS. androsacea: Li. Biss teen a Riven eee oe a eae gee
BAYS -clenifiorasSternb: se Gl eics or iste eo ay at lol ne, ee Moea eo aNeiiion cL lata regen me
BSc Vercken: SUarezsce ites cee ea pea TRI ran ean teres ee a cake ee
AG. S. caespitosa L, 1 ets pee eae ee ets
ATLAS terektensist BOE, Es). uo ewer), ge mn) ee Cee
AQIS mechan Mulls toa s ins eens. cc OM pees ina ten nears woe ne hero facets
49, S. pontica Albow ...+----+-+:-> Weel ciecterli veneer ei ea acetate
SO: Se sexarataw Willie sikeweras cbt eve be Sse ton opment wees! ne ticgiet ccs oer cee
Rit (S. adenophora’ Ge" Koch) 0. «sue aa eee) er
BOL GS. verticilata we OSs Gores eter ere cote cm een cores tense ume
Section & Trachyphyllum Gaud.
SS. 4S, tinadyrensiswAl (oss ae es “ete hee mle icmp) ee
BAYS. Bronchislis lake: See eee: aes Gee See Ghee 6. GE eee
552) 0sspinulasa vA Gansy cs ueuget ec. et oo yee one eer
PES we PTT Ta MCLENY swe eh oh, cok Sok CM hee Oe eee er eee Takao) out Sales TS Ca ere eae
eS. cherlerioides Dons < aires cS a ve eum esk te) wk tats ah ere eh ape oer hea
Seto Se reschscholezil Sternbey.e, see. ee eee ees e (et ee) ge Pe a tar ee ecaneS
Section 9. Xanthizoon Griseb
SY) Sb eranGes ding 6 a 6 Liason She, Rie hey WIC RS SIC RA! RCI A aa
Section 10. Euaizoonia (Schott) Engl.
GOS Svieartilaginea aWiGs cueuien cme tgce, alten Toluene fon feet ae
SiS Walenatianae Role co oy eee oe se 1) oe ee eee eee
Section 11. Kabschia Engl.
G2..S:. juniperfolia Adams (s)cice.4: © om eeaeit a Gee, 2 ae
635-4 Soisubverticillata Boiss weve eG) eae) Tole eee ten es te
G&S: .calchiea \Albows cK 4 wo S kun hey & ee oe 2 Oe eee
6585S: laevisc Memb. 2. comes hu eerie CA ae) Sci in un Se aie re Rats cc ee
66.495 pseudolaevis (Oetting: «3c 6 37. - = el. = = SOARS via. So
Gi-wSs sclerapodaSommatet bev. = os alee Sa cn eee
6S.4S. abchasica: Oetting iss fee oo ce ee eee ae) Ene
69) SyicaucasicasSomms etulbevan stone) Mina ed ecto Cm
70.S: Desoulavya "Oettings se. 20 2 tee ee aie eres ones
Ti. S5 Kosnezowiana Oettings eo cits 4 seein nee) een | or
120S..carinata (Octane: ..0sht ost ble Pea h iS A ee = - ee
BS Acotechiyis BOSS Mig ss ken sh ie ess 8 LO shige cag tae Kong 1Ss kos poo
fA: S; Albertit. Rel. et Sehmalhs 9220) sce ae ails feb ay os oe
75.°S\columnaris’ Schinalh 27s ee en ae eer eae ee ts, ohne lauren naare
76. S: Dinnikii Schmalh:Wiwad a a Feed Oo ae ne
Section 12, Porphyrion Tausch
71. S. oppositifolia L.. ......-.-.- cps ray gSMeS agi gS sheNa ed, ROARS a

Xll

Section 13. Diptera(Borkh.) Engl. et Irmsch.

78. S. cortusifolia Sieb. et Zuce. . 6 6 6 ee es
ems voploneiiolia Nala teste te fa fe fe We Tee Re ele Ge le ee es

1. M. nuda L

1. Ch.
2 Ch.
3. Ch.
4. Ch.
5. Ch.
— Ch.
6. Ch.
7. Ch.
8 Ch.
9. Ch.
10. Ch.
11. Ch.
12. Ch.
13. Ch.
14. Ch.
153 'Ch.
16. Ch.
17. Ch.
18. Ch.
dv Chs

1. P. palustris L.

Bk wwotzebuer Cham; et Schlecht. ~~. st tie te ke ete tote fo te ee IR
mee MOECONAaM NeKT ag... %) ts Fe MS. Me Me te fe te MS ge a ta dl re te re I,
4. P.

mirdicaule Wseewk <5 2 te eR RIO a Se a Sn ao eh
peltatum: Tarez.s 2.) 2 ko Ye i a TINO S ahh. CIOL ODN
altermitolinm: Le.) 3 Corie. WG Petites Sei Rs le se RES RR
Eetrandrum: (Land): (fh. Fries: 1 «© « «© 4 & 6 8 4% 1% 4) RRS Ree
beringianum: Rose + <4) 6% 4 4 4% 6 4 BoB he we ok a al ORE PORTE,
Wirehti Franchwet:Saviv. “wensecuidionms, Bu Siaetinny = Seek! Mees
flagelliferum Ir. Schmidt; \...- «pn 3 (0) 2 pap2) = = RRO SP. WRU OrIeiag
filipes Monin. (4% oe ewe SS RR Re Be ee CE Ee
KomaroviteA. Los. f tes % % So R&B 8 8 8 eee ee ee
Sedakowit: Turcziws 0% 09 ate “fe deus be We Glo er
NV ATEO Mien Vlg en ie isc Gage Yas Me raglece a, le os la cis, i) bie. huay Ueratmait neces meatal ne
THIATSCHAMICHMMINFASSIG, ety ce ses eee) (eden Re ee io) sy annette soc ot omen ee
ramosuni Wiaxims <0 4° 8) 28) Sorat POSE PEL 2 POs «ORGS F sale
PilgsumeuMaxim. 9%. 64 oe BA es Be > Ete
RSRMARTTCAT ORNL ALIAS #5 65) Mic ce) Ha) 2s eres Me EON eS eSNG cethcanyl'ei ch 4 ist uns ase hs Se geet ae
eAHETSCHAIOUTIEISCHs YM. st te ne re, ie Se ONGNE ae ee eee el ts. See el bee ed ey ues
eeachyspermum Maxim. 4% 4% fe te Me, AS tate te fe te, fe fe SE SO
BRRIGS HINO sere ei aclire ibs, chap alaeh WG RMNe Levees), Glin) ie) Say ols GMail
gerne |e Gays: Gotten en ea tee te re ee eee re ee EME tor Se, Gaye ei solve vs

bavealensemMaxsimcrs ee oes ee es wee ets Re ts AE We me) ee ae

Tribe 2. PARNASSIEAE S. F. GRAY
Genus 709. Parnassia L.

Subfamily 2. Hydrangeoideae R. Br.
Tribe 1. PHILADELPHEAE RCHB.
Genus 710. Philadelphus L.

Wemisnewenucasicls: INMOGHNG’s “cs ec ee eee ee ta he a Ce Maree es eee eet
Papo tenuiolus iupr, et Maxime. °°." "0%. es es ee ene es
oReeOcnrenkil tupr. et Maxim 0.070%. 0% kt et ts a ee
ee latifolis SCHFACs ec, sys, co “ape. y “eutes dou a: Tophs mated < “actual ee een te

Genus 711. Deutzia Thbg.

ioe ramurensis (iel.) “Airy-Show' %'“e) %! a! ‘! qe) 4c) 5) os: telnet ae
Pemyeoletratae KOs. OS Mee) ale ie ta oral ele a Melba tal sah tiemniah nate la teal + hres Cd eta

Tribe 2. HYDRANGEAE DC.

Genus 712. Hydrangea L.

RemLieepetiolaris?Siebs et) Zuces 4.4 65-4626 % Aven ete fnew tee SUR Aen
MK mpaeeM PATE bis % $5\s hey Sou fa Hae “aie Mar Nor Rely tev tey Mow Roy hac ter Nan Vien tawy er eae UNM RRM

Xill

198
198

199

202
202
203
204
204
204
205
206
206
207
207
208
208
209
210
210
213
214
214
215

216
218
218
PANS)

220
221
EoD,
223

224
224

225
226

Subfamily 3. Ribesioideae Engl.
Genus 713. Ribes L.

Subgenus 1. Ribesia (Berl.) Jancz. ‘
SOR. teristesBallers 7/08 eos 40S eg RR iy Ri es Bee ste 232
o> SVitlloarenicame We) a) Seles BYE et eer eerie pa Aerie a A es ee 233
2. Re manschurieun Kamei 2.5 oyloe eile eeh we Qe eta ets is! Po) ics ae 234
3. R. Palezewskit A. Pojark.: <...4. SOUeURORSWeRaNee ota ned oe eS ee 237
Ao. rabrumels ee 28 gS os SOR SS Re ee ee ee ee : 237 ;
os-R. thispidulumvAC Pojark.) £406 & 6 Ros te eon 2S Go ety 238
Gi Ry jpubescens"Hedli ¢ ss 3 eis fp be ee Ee Se 8 ae 239
7? Revscandicum ‘ledlt -S ga 52a Se. 2 Be Oe ee oe, wear : : 240
Oe RR. MeyeriMaxims:; 2 = 263 £12 2} 2 SP MEI © 20% get see 241
a: Re latifaliom) Yanezs 2432 2 2°92 55 Ayes fe 22 Sote® fe culos See 242
9: Ry ipallidiflorum@Ay Poyark. 5 2 2.6.5 2 2 S552 2) 2 eee 5d oer eee 242
#05 R: altissimum’)Turez fos 30 8 4 28 SA SS 2 AS ee ee 243
tic R: atropurpureum GPAPM. > < 22 5 2 25 BSE A? Aas Ee Ae eee 244
Hi RK. BieberstemiyBerks 29: 2 5 22 § ee ee ah a ee ee. e 245
Subgenus 2. Heritiera Jancz.
Sv. Re. Sachalinense" Nakai. <-o)2 3 2 Se 2 3 Ss Bos A Soe eee 246
14. R. malvifolium A. Pojark. . ...... ce SP dod Ses elle 246
Subgenus 3. Grossularioides Janez. e
ios R: HorridaméRupres).< 6 seo.o fof 28 2S oo OS Aes Se 247
Subgenus 4. Eucoreosma Jancz.
46: R. ussuriense: Janez... 45.6 4s so! es eis as de ae a 248
17. Re pauctilorum Purce! 2.56203 2s 6 oe se ee ae er 248
18. Re kelymense Kom. 62 20. 40. (eee te eee faut ©) ieee 251
19. R. turbinatum, ('Ay.Pojark) 2 +-aeeew W RRe) 2 2 Gs 252
20: BR. sJanczewskii A. Pojark, . . 60 «se ee eee be ee le 252
OF Ro nigrum Le. fs se ss eae a a ee uae 252
22: R:, dikuscha..Pisch:.. 40... eeseck 1 SS ech ae ee oe <BR 254
23: 'R. procumbens: Ralliiy @ 5 yc cus 4h yo ae ya ys aes Gus ies ee 255
24 RE feaorans Pally Buiogs 6s a eis so sla es oe 5 Ser 256
25: Re graveclens: (Bae. 2 SEPP SOP Ree UES om Cokes 256
Subgenus 5. Berisia Spach.
268 Ri orientale DeSfien emes Re 66 6) SM ee ee kel alee Se, pone Seaec uate 257
Dis Ri melananthum,Boiss. ef Hoh. « = «os = « = < =< jee eye 0) oie ny a) eer 258
2S Re heterotrichumpGsAacMeus «v5 ek 6 sta gf eevee apes Gee 5 5. Spans 258
Dis Re’ wallasumiaWalhjaste es cuiet ae ars BURRS ee Sea e ee gs < 43 5 ne! 259
30: Re Maxzimawiczianum, Kom: co. $6 2 6b. eae te SS 3 260
Sie Re aipinumy Lijned nye 6 slo ed, Bee, BD 2 oe 260
$25 Rs [RomaroviiwA.,Pojark:.. = .- - «= + oo. - oe « wodee® £1 eee 263
SS Re Vici Abd, cuss Mb Ae ea eels. ck reel fae Mele Goel a euyct ei 2 264
34. R. diacantha Pall... . .. .; oA even 4 Corp cent ee oo 1 264
S54 Gs eaxa tiles cathy olk Med sl once a a Sie ay hap hath ial) ae rr 265
36. R. pulchellum Turez.«.... <1 .negemtee hh ANY Babies ss + OR ee 266
== R. sanguineum Pursh |. «(2 di. al. oe Gas ee ope & ile Siete 266
ee Re aren EES cues isis ua ecoes elem el fel le) ve cou ual sl hy ai, rrr 266

XIV

nN
e

Meenercien (DCG AM: oo ote Pt oh Le,
Family « Eucommiaceae Van-Tieghem
Genus * Eucommia Oliv.
—aeeanimoides Oliv: ss = 2%: keg yates AER A ery eo
Family LXXVI. Platamaceae Lindl.
Genus 716. Platanus L.
Section 1. Orientalis Dode
see FL SEES ROS a an ea na ea ce hl eI a Eh
wn TEL eh ee WON Ss cn Pe ke
Lo Pe SUITE Ay (Og V0 A AGRI I, a ID TR aS a ne rt

Zee. orientalior’ Dode' . “ « « . . . ON Ree apices Ln var, cur oa Ent Stee eel eee em

MP MECCNOLENAT ALES e it o°Victy ce Ge Lercotse “eh ig ve Bhs cl Wik Vai ee bo 6 LSE genes oS
Family LXXVII. Rosaceae Juss.
Subfamily 1. Spiraeoideae Agardh
Genus 717. Physocarpus Maxim.
MPR eRmUTensise Maximi.G Be ot cor er ver os AO Lee 46, oT) enripitos
as 2, FUDSSNRE CA 2) ne cm OnE ee ORR ER RS

he

en

Genus 714. Grossularia Mill.

Family * Pittosporaceae Lind).
Genus « Pittosporum Dryand.

Family LXXV. Hamamelidaceae Lindl.
Genus 715. Parrotia C. A.M.

Section 2. Occidentalis Dode

Genus 718. Spiraea L.
Subgenus 1. Protospiraea Nakai
Section 1. Spiraria Ser.

PeSrMCiroha eet te tN cee ho Re ee a
SmRTUITS TING OVARG. ho (8, Soe es = Ce PR ne. cepeagine oy ok etape tt a
Section 2. Calospira C. Koch
So batho ic fey (1222) SS a namin Sl are pM nai amen taba oth
Pee ERAT ta OCHI. 6 eis) co ca abe emcee ie ay to Skee Om, Puree hometetiean
(By Dalles hoe a P20] BAB) RG FC Se So na tn ar Te
Subgenus 2. Metaspiraea Nakai
Section 1. Chamaedryon Ser.
PAM TILE CURL OLIANENR iis, (GIN us! ya ese re: once ieh AAs. Sic ies) wahoo uo gsc ates ok aa.
Sema TES ASCH RMI ch” We mish “aca etn yes MENES ards W'S cine! Gehaes goed Seu o.arteul

XV

jt eh, ta’
aF Rey eo kee tay en te ay) tes Mal iae) putea iouemeul Kel Yas) de biel aie, te

Das ee CR, CRS

Ci eee ate, © CEA OPEC)

CGY eG SC Mey Yenc:

ofa ge he, + dem tel in) eae

Ree TO) ke.) ley Se Tee Aue We!

268
269
270

271

272

273

275
275
276
276

279

282

283

286
287

288
289
290

291
291

8. Sv tissuriensis, As Poyjark.: 2 eo.) a ayia aigeal en eee soe eh
9. SS elegans Az Polark.) ys s0 202 in) a ewe ee aie
TOS. media Sehmidt)/s "722-9" oh 8: ene ee ee al tale eh < ottert arene emia
hie S. sericea" Maxims <<.) 6. s)he Soo ae tarde. 8) Shane
I'S. GahuricaeMaxim. 605 4.6% & OA SOS SP RON ek on)
13. S. alpinatPalle.. 50. < ak) -eseeneegent s, 2s se Oe
14. 'S.tianschanieawAPojark., ~ fycycfbleincytcatiy @ Suatern «6 4s) 2s. Se
15. SS. trilobatash: #, Meite. ce BOS Re Ue ete eae che
To="S.. pilosasFranchs. 6 6 =. « qo does Se. Ae ee Ak a
17%. S. pubeseens: Furezorsiboi! .ssonatliomsarall, SRA See. 5. 2 4
1S. S. crenatawle eel. 2k so BARNS Cie eee 5 es 4S ee
£9. 'S: lasiocarpa Kartiet Kir: . io cc%. 6 3) 4 @ kote Ree TS ie we, ee
20. S. ferganensis A. Pojark. . ...... tok Seles ead Se ee ee
2i.S., hyperiefeliagks. « < y..tackhideY aeveckeenenell « ae 5 + See
22. S:-aquilegifoliar Pallett. 6. a: eit a en ee ee ale

Genus 719. Sibiraea Maxim.
if. S. altaiensis}(Hazms), C.K. Sches sos oat ee etc, 6 ts os
2: \S. tianschanica (Krassn:) AS Pojark...,. : : 20. 22 = = 2) 6 SoS
Genus 720. Aruncus (L.) Adans.
te An yulearis Rafa: i oe Ms 8 S)) sells Ge oO a 1 cules Ne a en er
2. As asiatieus) Ac Pojapk. | cs. id 8 eel cd ask, SR er
3..A. kamtschaticus, Rydbresia 3). G «ea bud ef Sct des omens, «cee ee
SwAsparynlis Komedi ./S° eons de. a Neg a te ee rn
Genus 721. Sorbaria A: Br.
1 Si Oloae’ Zinserls \\s us'e3 oes Sk. ae Pes (Seal, CN ale, er
dese sorbitoha:(L.) A. Bre sss (sss ee hae eee aoe Ss
3. io: Pallasn, (G..Don) A. Pojarke . os. see Be diow a «oso 2 a eee
4.095 rholtolia. ‘Kom:. sph. <2 gs «sad gts) 6 eg vou a ae a ee es oe
Genus 722. Spiraeanthus Maxim.
ieeS: Schrenkianus (Fisch. et Mey-) Maxim. ..°. | «= . 4 - «= .sa0o06 Gereeeeeee
Genus 723. Exochorda Li dl.
i Ee "Alberte Rel. 24 s.3 5.5 4 6) ed 5 Ss 2S 2S eS 4-2
2. E: tiansehanica'Gontsch. = <°2 =f: paunedo RIG emo: 4 > = 2 2 2 4 eee
Subfamily 2. Pomoideae Focke
Genus 724. Cotoneaster Med.
Section 1. Orthopetalum Koehne
1; © melanocarpa At FGjarks ss 2 = 205 cis os cake ete os oe = oe ten
2". Nucida Sehlecht: <0 “yeas ye a) Ss, 2 fn Sys Bae yc 2
a. wnteacrrima Wedik. 6 6 so. % Ss A le ee Se 2 6s -
AO MHIPGra Gen ose cs eas 6 et ees wt Se eee ee eee
3. ©. *aheantna Ay Pajares 2% 3 G08 SAS GON eo oe ye ca
Section 2, Chaenopetalum Koehne
@:"@, multiflora" Bees Jf 495 a) oe ee we ee a, oe a
hee MSI nIS A. OPA. Veh cree. a ete hee ee eee. [ac eile) votes cee) eee
7G. racemiflora| (Dest) 'G, Noch." 2005/22) ere 2 ee ee ee

XVI

292

293
294
297
yas |
298
299
299
300
301
301
302
303
303
305

306
309

310
311
311
312

313
313
315
315

316

317
317

320
323
323
324
326

32
330
331

Se Oe Secaien Non CTE 2S, 08 ROS ITS ER ALON,” aN, RyeeOwe Wale lee 332

OMe acw MAT es SS i a en ay y dey ds Ome euserhees 333

Genus 725. Cydonia Mill.
LS. Ge lone TON Re Ea ie eae ee OR ON eee a ee a 334

Genus 726. Pyrus L.
PR eeanninicwlen 3.58.5 1s 28 oO Re Oe ee ee Be we ee 338
eeeodlansae Decaicsne* 1 Behe) Bed Gea ce eee 339
Pee cnnecmanicasVialesy see 2 PF ees es Se Oe Se ie ee 340
PRC Kerinnasorise: sat ge 8 SAS Ree ee Oe ee Ie oe a 341
MSSM HSis Nain) 2.2. 4.2 5 24 08 a eos ee ee a Se 341
Bepeeesecmediae M."Popoviye is id: Sy ota les Mh! Ue ee 342
Pa Grosshenmieay eds! 4) 04 202 2 Seek 8 ee Oe eee eoreee 345
Mierinecmiowe dallas.) 2." Yt ft Ok A Sh te 4 eee So Sytetedmatie 346
REELAOC nim Cem WOON it st otk te ce eee ee | # ee nr eR aa ee ee 347
RUebemcclicitalramicall see on ake Aw! ee Re ee a ae ee Leen een Om 348
Mem emalchtacdzhianieAG- hed ayer che... EN hee ova de ce: nO) a 349
PSRs A 8 8 SOS SSS Re SS SOE | ee ee ee 350
eeeeecnaucka Aesbedt 2 ¥ 6 $502.22 BOR Sos Ss So) ee 350
Peminaamanion. G-.r Wiorans:* sf). ot .28 ht at aha Re ot aa) bien et ana 351
ee iced deanna Geanonons othe fee Oe ok oe BO ee ae nr 351
Pemeertc Malcev jt J 2 ofS ke eee ee ee ws be ae hla ants 574
iMac miasimelaltw. Pattee ih ela etch ct at at at hie, ste at oe at sh eee ee eee 352
ee Seem Che se Ge! ch tor RN oe ne SY ee, Ree 355

Genus 727. Malus Mill.
To IML: SAIN VSSEERS INATTT ses SG e B se om MRE Sra NA dra a oP dale Each 359
Pat eparceaxaieall.) Borkho) «lamngi to) «2 Amptyeis ss ome <4 «ale 360
UMS METCH OG iE sIIeN, oi se els kw MOL we flees se! ole aibgoma Sa leuuten as 362
Se eerste. )pWawROEM. 6 sete 8 ee yee ee we es ea 8 363
ieennenemectavana Dicck. 2) es mee es ee ss sw) & le ey we le anal be Se 364
Peehio fuckmenorumsjuz.iet) M. Pop. « - «'s «+s « = ow sth) f9..09m Shoal 364
ee Vem Gomestieam SOrkMeatecbee. sel 6 cbied cusp rod ist yf Mae tip detent oe je) a) (sa coh. Bl nce eb 365
Peebemacaicaca (Walid \oboricdn 2 ee weet we’ ee Eee Uytty sw ees 366
Pee esaacestan(baWROrKN. A. Patt oc Ke Gk ee ek ee ee ee ee 369
Ree ie Maer a fZ% Peat nts Ahhh ARTS REY MOY. AUD ae a 370
leet mceshriries, (Maxina.)y Kom. s+.) ee.) ooh ot ot ot ot ot RD SD, ao, evil
eM osaenlnensis Niizt sicetet 37 4 sh oh a* a0, =) 38 ot ot ce ats GOEL AR Rio mtietingaia 372

Genus 728. Sorbus L.
Subgenus 1. E u-Sorbus Kom.

Peseodomestica Les. : c cettOGl. MA anknpoiweh: Ahk BONE 2 Fos fb as 8 374
SRS MANICHO a INGEING, “oS, [se fey ote ay Shey) Sy Ghee Ma ey Sa by. dy tT tice 375
mscnneidenany Moehne?’ st 2.0 38 58 © Soe ok each ee} eee 8S 376
PERAMeMpaniA Ls. «fs 6 2 + <2 sue OORVUN ACN MIE) Fh be be Se -» 376
Memb rbrataeedt eet ole. a eae Bieber bait a. age ky SS) (olalil aemecuads 377
SPT cars ONE ee) 5) PS ee ee, Geo tens Sota Se os Has a. shiney Os May erhmy 8 378
HeeSesibinicavlled|:, % : . = 6 « «al Wiebe? VBE 2 we Gere wes 378
SS aeAMULeUSISWICOe Ne) 4) set mag) BOR S doh es Sei Ooh ope cub tence) a) Jen 1s es de Dee vans 381
Sears Sema en Sbtrien ees fen MUP Aree ratte Drag) aie EN a Leela lay et ee «pen oma eins 389

XVli

10. 2S... commixta. Eedle ss etre ie, ae Sieh Se foul ee Cec ee 382

its'S: kamtschatcensissMom. eo. 0 "ete. Cay a cicd tee, NS eee et re 383
125)S. anadyrensisy ome. io is 2 oo ee Set ae ar ie, 383
13:5. ansehamica Ianpreche is: «2 ss ken ls a eee elke ie ecu) lata ae 384
Subgenus 2. Hahnia Medik.
Section 1. Aria DC
14S. isubfascad(L.db:)iBaoisse i. cc co AE ne (A ee es ss a 390
Ds 35s VAI ETESE TL) \icotuh ye os wie: 5a arm) pees lose anorin Go lies oiten iow ced bs obcwlncey bis whey ge rr 390
Gv Ssisabtomentosa ZLimSerisys a) ys berivel ates: seus Wella as aaice) ee a ae 391
EPO sieCOlchicawATASeMis Wer went oo: yah colonel shgrednire Therein Wea Gt ge Laat 391
TSO omvelutinawG. pK Sebne’ ve New eke paledee ys! SNe Reet Mallia hae th a 391
OSS ebuschiana PZAmserl: Mice s:\.6 (te, ler fol gees ler cs meee aren oS) ey eS aoc area 392
20. S. schemachensis Zinserl. ....... eon ee aan Nn mes Oe mee 392
Dilpe MCAUCASICAWAINSETIs.21 keis) het yoru ec ee ines care Ca A am Nee 395
22. S. Woronowii Zinserl. . .. . PAO OM en ne een ee Ree 395
== 9. SGANndica "EPs: 6% 6) a: copie oe See gente. dey esOa, Wa ee ty WE be, oe 396
25 aS -armeniacailediay sass eee i) DOT AE Moe eee kL ONS. eh 396
GS Waria?Crantzies. Wwe tee OREO as © hh: fat alo es Sheek, , acid gala ih an 397
24.29: Kusnetzovai Zaiserk.) i. 2 AYRE Ms vis) vee +5. vac taiheits woven hs: he Ma cs bo Ae 397
253.5. eracea (Spach) Hedin. 2) sycas oe «6 pu om es) ee ae ee 397
26.5; migarica Zinzerlaic 6-3." s 4 8 its ve lel a ole omnes te eine ln rn . 398
Zi. 5., Baldacer Degs et Fritseh..” "2° 2h... i. a 398
28,S: CUrcica ZANSerl as! 2) isi ve! ts. si 8s, ba ie tay hee: Sofie fe: (eee ates 399
29:35: taurica. Zinserle 2 ous ts, ee es Ne Nee Me hats Nec", aetna ee 400
305 Sfobtusidentata. Zinserl:*s %. 's oats s Me e eis O eee e e e 400
31. S: persica Hedle 6s: spe yae Bas Ree te 6s) ok A401
32. <S. Aurkestanica,(Franeh:)*Hedl: 4yaq-eaiei- Oe Biase 2 = ss cee 401
SSeS. dualigieZinserlse tps ye) Soe cs Use eee eS Re lw an eee) re 402
Section 2. Torminaria DC.
SAS Storminalis*Grantz © <lhcth otek olote oretectes ns hath olac elec sy. ore te wee 405
Pog 729. Micromeles Decne.
ie MevalnifcliawSiebv eth Zuacc Mus, ). Maem, «eos. o sea Mae cu) ee 406
Genus « Eriobotrya Ldb.
LE. napontcailidb. = 3-2 .+ = « wee Lap noe soy MLNS ROLLERS Sie Cen ee Uaioe 407
Genus 730. Amelanchier Med.
IZA. rotundifolia (Lam.); Domi. <) ome, o 00. 0) = <0 o> oie of nitty aren 408
DPA. integrifolia Boiss. et, Hoh. | << +, «, , «; =, «: ep.es.en sy = = ete Shea 409
3: A. turkestanica Litws' cones 2 se ke eee eee eo ceo) ae 410
— ‘A. canadensis (L.)\Medice) 2. “2 y-AGagee BOP AES: .. 2 ee 410
VA wopicatan (lands): ©o] Koel oi cag ol cy ss ayn: ag oe bonnes ks belle <y oe ae 413
Genus 731. Pyracantha M. Roem.
12 P deocrcineas Ms Roewis ‘s¢ itches on Se a> ch 58 eh ae oes Gea ce oe E 414
Genus 732. Mespilus L.
1eM. germanica L.- Sactiate + 4 2 seh a pete lam eee + 2 OR 414
Genus 733. Crataegus L.
Section 1. Pinnatifidae Zbl.
1.G, ‘pinnatifida Zbl. 2" tf i eet ee aL ee Sues es eee) oe 421

XViil

2
3.
4,
5
6
fi

oS

C.
c.
C.
Cc.
S-
c

Ann

sanguinea Pall. .

Section 2. Sanguineae Zbl.

Cine ee Ten ely emer ie ned re Cateye ned) eye tate be) el cecal en ial) Mami vali viel.) veil) lis!) \Tai bate:

CLAIM OG iT tem cue rey ou Soiree nee On pe NARs hc, ME AN They hie CONC URI OL OAS EWG Th

altaica Bge. . .

eee fem eee ws Cte hie bw rein (Viera Meee sie. \e,) (onunel Veh ink sell) eyihie (vies tniet, ceil Mie te etek dite

MWiasciimowilGZile @mahe Soka. Vii sierke Le memes neat MCMC Ay.) we a Fis oc LT Lai)

remotilobata H. R

Ci eS CRS MGR TEER) Paes re hg Pog Fert ts SN EO HN LA aa, A et

HIOLOSANCAU VL KTTTE Sire rinse netic he Se MRP SRM aU mmm Dee tan fata oA AT IE ee

. orientalis Pall. .
PESACVAESI MN NROTABIG., | ind ciel css orag Sah ak wills: el ogee Satbeut eet phen
- pontica C. Koch

Section 3. Pentagynae Zbl.

PpentAanT Naldstovetikit! Mo)? aioe eae a ate es RLS aweve te ahve 4
- pseudomelanocarp

Als Meakoptyys est Giknl meebehaete:. Yee ieeere Vatcthpaeay a MICs: Ee Late

Section 4. Orientales Zbl.

oe ged ayes. ay Vigne “wil Mey ieveRetee man wlely is: a) 0; Verse!) fe a tal cea meh es ie) Se:

Oj) COM (6) feo) Wied aa) WEES cone ee meme (Mie Lie (ei) kuf jad) sayy el cepa | werave: Ce Bepogers ef AS)

EMMI as ist ou cs Shy up supe aaa mouwember eae ie) Edie sol) ewan ih Sy ies ARIA Be
EEN NIZA ooo lo beck pope, hl MMM oc ee A oy oe cage eibea dana
PHM ATA POAT Ke, a ca uc seat eins Mey, relies cot eied Sevan Suieiig ave ed Mei ai
Rem ETECABANG OVA so isis hc ce aa oe hn eau cual os, 95.4 oh ake beip angling SRS sa
We REPRE STII A OVATE dn cous SS) > ted, gos ge eg OM ais) Wi supe) Stylo San cae RY waa
ieeenuacnopnyila A. Pojarks «ao oo i Sie oy ey mis) L sey inde) Hie os) eo
Les 9. cme! Ge 08 | a recs aos Mee Semen amen iE Beat yi Mires
DES Le TES ESSAY A LTE ae ee Pe er eh eae Inte rer me ms na Soya
Pri ESSA Ne NCOLATCS oop ica oa co oa oy te Cin walls oy shige vgs Bian lel e
Pape acTCom (COON, Cet ies eos tay eis ORg so ie aw ghee whee Onl cca, a ge eal aisles aa
Pome maCasanmMined Aci Oars soa jc | 2 sey ne & sh Hy NSM outed ce sue gy seueimpaey
See TIC HME OC Co cial pe cs 5 Lye e. 8 o ep cats BS wy =) sue wher yar erliss ta) Wey a
cele Lie LEHR ADS Ut evel BIT a2) | Sie a a CP oe RT
Pee eSauancestanica A. Pojark.« «3 5 «<6. 6 6 Se ee 8 we OR.
DEBT Cl Olarn sg Go ey sh ke ne See ae Up, ale wee ak be Wa Pe RNs
PeeemreeriauaAcPolark. Os <a ip os) Gla ek 6 we le lg) oe OR as
Sn Ce, SETAC ER) ETC Gls bara teal aaa aa eRe fer gn oe ee Pa
fae-nsenuonketerophylla A. Pojark.. <4. © 6 8 «s+ 6 6 6 8 6 oe we te ws
DUNE OMIanica Ay Pojark. © © <6 0 «6 # 8 6 ws 6 eo © 8 68 8 8 oe et
31. C. microphylla C. Koch... 2... Boe eds Cour aar ts a, swibied Rel ley Rep tetee-ntertire
Paeeeriansehanicn Ay Pojark. 2. ks 8 ie a ee eS a es Sue teas
Emmercninomrica ZblAe e & 6 es «sls We lel es 6 ao) ola es ea ahs
pam@emamoayrenaAS Pojarks ce 6 6 ee wk ee ee Sw re le ep ee °
BamemaneeriraeA Oars! fi Gos Se eae ele Sie a 6 4) kw ee Ge
RMSE RaCerinnd Icdbs gi sos if ew 2% fe Soe TENS ele le Mas al oe: ale te ce
eipemmprencdazarolus: Mi (Popes. s) ss (se) ea) eerie we ue Fe ee

So epseuaoambiona A. Poiark, ... . 5 9. os): ew ee ee

SPORT Utne cd Laer Katia eiuie Ja\) ai eich ol anevnet eR cotta Splat lara) ete. tet iw) a whe

XIX

oy we bh e ennai e Toei, i
aS wens Bert «| ie Selita bin Oo hd oonrese

Tes, Vironawih Bikers 6h Ite a Pa Pie ce a “3 "s mee
BEES, stqedicn BRE is ALA tt eee ee West |

; Wis Wear “ ‘ ‘ i igh |
PUPS. ion proc oy hipaa bede Ayre ee a me oa he al y a . a. a rh
om 5, wie Create rt . :
iS. N cbiathndh Ziieeel. ds. nip aos tity a ate
TED4. greets (Sonali) Madis , . * Atle rx Te coe
REPS, wakgnrtem Birwerlliet rit et te Ae Ms Roig
REM: Hmidazor ‘Dog we ettond PA a ee Met v
BARS, -beralen Yieerd? 6!) ah Rat Sai al we
PUPS, Yidarten Wisma FP athe
whey, whtmeanwinta Tides. *)").*" tn ate BLP
>, fier om Vat, a ae tee i te, Poe toy se s
hs tuekeectunide 4 Prot eh) Pipi. | TA Ne Rah Cd alt! Laer he!
Ae, Pantin TANA, Oh ack at ye ee eae
we a oh lpg BOF Pe piawale
ee SQriequtia hmighy eds . ‘ oe. wath - ti © sitio @ he g 4
Pe ee er sacl
die olin Sreb. af Live : : Sige’ ith " Silat ;
; . Kook ate) eo IR lig kay
eau ety Lake faye el edie hve . at +s
- a r » “Ve e.*% “ 4 4‘ Gr
Creiias “8 Artin ae Jasia® ha
AL, rétdnedfolts Tike” Cash.” iether iia we 7
+» &@ ‘eek Fe _ ® “dto7 Ww
Pe, Agee ‘grove iran. at Hah. ‘ , he '
beter PgR TER i Re heey aes
ebnkdiesta’ Coy Meds 2. tne yt ene 2
whipate Bam € se pA Ate ee te attest al er

bial ge ks Rae Cerny te PS. a Lteraniasi is i. Reheat. ; ye
TOY snachicnn’ Mi Rede svelte et re Wa be hh Tg aot iM
Va>

| aol hi
ft d ey 4c ra bp (Son wa-F¥Rr MoaQire: hae >
1. er yp pene - . er gg ae oe Ha - ts ee pha

Pye ita 7h, Comtasitine. be x
She itenyy. Lp Pleeavithies, all
of ih dn cht. o tA 1 © @& boy » oleh

PRERACE

The present volume, No. IX of the ''Flora of the USSR," covers the families
Droseraceae, Crassulaceae, Saxifragaceae, Hamamelidaceae, and Platanaceae,
as well as the subfamilies Spiraeoideae and Pomoideae of the Rosaceae.
Other subfamilies of Rosaceae are dealt with in Vol. X, as they could not
possibly be accommodated in the present book.

The present volume includes such plants of economic importance as
currants and gooseberries, pears, apples, and related genera. The wide
range of species of these genera growing wild in the USSR are of interest
to breeders as material for remote hybridization, selection of wildlings,
and direct introduction. This material could be of great value for
orchards and soft-fruit plantations in the USSR.

Many rosaceous species described in this volume have yielded, or may
yield in the future, a considerable number of trees and shrubs for
horticultural use. Numerous species of the Saxifragaceae and Crassulaceae
may likewise prove to be of interest as ornamental plants.

The study of the material treated inthis volume has led tothe identification
ofabcut 70 new species. In conformity with international rules, the
descriptions pertaining to these species are also given in Latin.

It should be noted that this volume brings the number of species up to
about half the total number of higher plants of the USSR, which presumably
does not exceed 14,000 species.

The Editors

4 uae be ‘
ib re od SORES Sy gg
Ae Peach Ne & Walt

‘opibiaevat a0) sven BRU dts ‘9: seers sabhe zi lon iene it
SeynwwieiD doa aesebilamaanl ROD ABA RS oaasali LAG
easosead ol) lo esehionad bis sasbloaeiiae evade

fon hbaes neat, Oa TOY AP BW iteob. S42 aed S000! Yo

x i 4) yeaa TBO, writ 2h) bo taborenicen
ne SOneMognEt ShinMiooe 1h Ma aiy hoe: nabutionn windy % ‘say

ohiw oat ataney betalan ris asl ate | poplin fn, hs

fey isi to O46 RBI add wt bbw aneworg: ane qe ard ho Bude a
aomltlive Tonatoator iaabestbridyd sce Se Maida ae 8

40) Olav teoty lo od Dives tnivntetn etl olson vt

; ABT Ahr nods niterdleg Jina

cand eit babisre: over emmiuiow mils al bedimaash esiongu
*Oiadvtle tne aoatt to 4edmum vldsrohtevod h)
be dectnudade ) bad Qesongaviinee od? le eeideqe euorsret é
erat, [nine meio ae jastainl 16 od OF sueR

adtestiiinsta Bidet frol aad ommlov ale at beieati LAéire bern oth
wi) eater laholsents tn! hh ve Ysisnrobnas wh” eaten a
ith abvtevipg opts, $18 asiosqs oaadi ‘ot Blnheh

et 0 Aehinge Ie Yadminn ot wadlad eepullog eit) 1d} Deron,
Cidumues tty aa tih ye RORY att to’ wieta Tedgid to Vedra Te

| taploegn Od ae

baht on}
, SON baY SAT)

Order 22. Sarraceniales ENGL.

Flowers spirocyclic or cyclic, the perianth uniseriate or differentiated’
into calyx and corolla; stamens inserted at the base of pistil; ovary
superior; carpels 3—5; ovules numerous; seeds small, with endosperm;
archesporium unicellular.— Herbs; leaves spiral, sometimes verticillate,
more often arranged in basal rosette, entire, adapted for trapping insects.

Family LXXIIl. DROSERACEAE Dc.

Perennial marshy or aquatic plants adapted for trapping and digesting
insects; flowers regular, pentamerous, sepals and petals 5; stamens 5,
anthers extrorse; pistil 1; styles 3—5, simple or bifid; ovary unilocular,
with 3—5 parietal placentae; fruit a capsule dehiscing by 3—5 valves; seeds
small, mostly numerous.

1. Leaves in whorls at the nodes of the filiform stem; aquatic plants ...
BORE betetey Me Pee rele + audtyaria te alt es ...... Genus 693, Aldrovanda Monti.

+ All leaves rosulate, covered by reddish glandular hairs; plants of
mossy, mostly sphagnum bogs....... Ju. . . Genus 694.7 Drosera L.

Genus 693. ALDROVANDA* MONTI
Monti Comment. bonon. acad.II, 3 (1747) 404, tab. 12; L. Nov. plant. gen.(1751) 39.

Aquatic plants with filiform stem; petioles broad, flat, cuneate, terminating
in bristles, leaf blade of 2 semicircular lobes folding up along midrib;
pedicels axillary, 1-flowered; styles 5; stamens with cordate anthers;
capsule globose, dehiscing by 5 valves; seeds ovaloid, black, smooth,
shining.

1. A.vesiculosa L., Sp. pl. (1753);281; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 262; Shmal'g.,
Fl. 1 (1895) 118; N. Busch, Fl. cauc. crit. Ill, 4 (1910) 744.— Ic.: Engl.
Pflzr.1V,112 (1906) f. 20; Kom.and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I,
Plate 178.— Exs.: Fl..pol.exs. no. 236.

Perennial; stem somewhat branching 5—10cm long; leaves in whorls of
6—9, connate at base; petioles 0.5—0.9cm long, terminating in 6 subulate
bristles; leaf blade rounded, 0.5—0.7cm long, 0.8—1 cm broad; sepals elliptic

* After Ulysses Aldrovandi, professor of botany in Bologna (1522-1608).

\

x SH

b) flower, c) pistil; 2— Drosera rotundi-

2

a) leaf

a) pistil and stamen, b) capsule, c) seed;

1—Aldrovanda vesiculosa L.::

PLATE I.

a) pistil and stamen. —

D.anglica Huds::
4. D.obovata Mert.et Kolch.— D.intermedia Hayne: a) pistil and stamen, b) seed.

3)

)

OWINEL Ite

or oval-elliptic, hairy on the margin; corolla white; petals obovate,
0.4—0.5 cm long, ca.0.25cm broad. (Plate I, Figure 1).

Distribution sporadic; known only from a few localities; most
often floating to the surface in small oxbow lakes. European part;
V.-Don (Khrenovskoi Bor), M. Dnp., Bl., L. V. (delta of the Volga; Caucasus:
Cisc. (delta of the Kuban River), W. Transc. (Lake Bebesyr. Far East:
Uss., Ze.-Bu.; Central Asia: Kyz. K. (delta of the Amu Darya).
Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr.and Atl. Eur., W. Med., Centr. Afr., Bal.-As. Min.,
Jap.-Ch. (Japan), Aust., E. India. Described from W. Europe. Type in
London.

Genus 694. DROSERA L.

L., Gen. ed. 1 (1737) 253.

Calyx deeply 5-lobed; styles 3—5, deeply bifid; fruit a capsule dehiscing
by 3—5 valves and enveloped by the persistent calyx and corolla; seeds
numerous. Perennial marsh plants with a basal leaf-rosette; the upper
surface of leaves covered with glandular hairs which secrete a digestive
liquid acting upon the trapped insects.

1. Capsule longitudinally grooved; stems usually arched-upcurved at

(SUS &, ELSG Sia | av ela eR hte eee ip te ee aac 3. D. intermedia Hayne.
Capsule not grooved, more or less smooth; stems erect......... Dy
Beaves prostrate with rounded blade’... 0 2... 1. D. rotundifolia L.
eaves Usually upright; linear—euneate’or Obovate . 2 2. oO.) . ee ss 3.
Leaf blade linear-cuneate; capsule welldeveloped... 2. D.anglica Huds.
Bean glade obovate; Capsule usually poorly developed ~~ ty... = «= 6

+ oy olor sStilepe acto a Neat Ae ia eta ae 4, D. obovata Mert. et Kock.

+o + mw +

1. D. rotundifolia L., Sp. pl. (1753) 282; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 261; Shmal'g.,
Pein iireZ. Pt parce, dan. t lols Krylon, Zap. sib. Wil Voor; Wom.
Miniomchie Deel oo. — howell la roruimadilitolia Alls hie Pedenne i (1785) 88. —
levinempe te. Ph Germ. ll, tab. XXIV, i.4022; Dreves et Hayne; Bot,
Bilderbuch (1798) tab. 2; Fl. Yugo-vost. V (1931) 467.— Exs.: FI. pol. exs.
Nota. vViciish.. ero. ii, tnor. No. cas Hero). Rep. cov. Uce.» No. ol;
Pinbinieexs., No. 697,695.

Perennial; leaves prostrate, suborbicular to oblately rounded-oval,
0.4—1 cm long, 0.45—1.8cm broad; capitate glandular hairs on the upper
surface of leaves 0.5—1 mm long at center,4—5 mm at margin; petioles
glabrous, 1—7cm long; scapes 1—3,7—25cm long, overtopping the leaves;
flowers white, small, in rather loose terminal, racemes; calyx tubular -
campanulate, 3.5—4 cm long, elongating in fruit to 5.5 mm long, the lobes
oblong-obovate, obtuse; petals slightly exceeding calyx, oblong-obovate;
capsule elongate-ovaloid, smooth, 5—6.5 mm long, 2—2.5mm broad; seeds
fusiform to 1.5mm long, grayish, almost smooth. June—August. (Plate I,
Figure 2).

Sphagnum bogs and wet sand.— European part: all regions except
Bl., L. V., and,usually, L.Don; Caucasus (rarely): Cisee ana Wiatbtrcans ees
Weistberia? Obs, Us Tobi irts) Alt.) 7H: Siberia: all regions, but very rare
in Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Kamch., Uda, Sakh.; Gen.distr.: Scand.,
Centr.and Atl. Eur., Jap.-Ch. (Japan), N. Am. Described from W. Europe.
Type in London.

Economic importance. Medicinal; in the Shenkursk District and in the
Vologda Region peasant women steam Drosera leaves in earthenware
jugs: the leavesproduce a proteolytic enzyme which is active even in
the pores of the jug.

2. D. anglica Huds.,Fl.Angl.ed.II, 1 (1778) 35; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 117;
Kryl., Fl. Zap. SibevVii 23963). Khom.. A). Keamehs il U9e. — 2. lie ina isto liens
Sp.)pl. ed. 1 (1753) 282 pps; Lodb., Fl. Ross; G2bks Turez., 2). baicssdaiesl
191. = Rorella, Lone stole Gilib. bk lich (1798) 141.— Ie. Rehb.,
Ic. Fl. Germ. III, tab. XXIV, f.4524; Dreves et Hayne, Bilderb. (1798) tab. 3,
f. A; Engl., Plfzr. IV, 112 (1906) 96; Fl. Yugo-Vost. V (1931) 467, fig. 407. —
Exs.: Herb. Fl. Rep. Sov. Ucr., No. 68; Pl. Finlwexs., No. 699; Pl. Inervexss,
No. 84.

Perennial; leaves obliquely ascending, linear-oblong or linear-cuneate,
rounded at the apex, gradually tapering toward base, 1.5—4 cm long,
0.2—0.5cm broad; petioles glabrous, 2—9cm long; scapes 1—3, 10—25cm
long, Surpassing the leaves; flowers Somewhat larger than in preceding
Species; calyx to 0.5cm long; petals obovate, 5—6 mm long, 3.5—4 mm
broad; seeds ca.1 mm, dark, oblong-fusiform. Other characters as in
the preceding species. July—August. (Plate I, Figure 3).

Peat bogs, mostly sphagnum. — European part: all regions except BI.,
L. Don, and L. V.; W.Siberia: all regions; E.Siberia: all regions, but
very rare in Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss., Uda, Kamch., Sakh.

Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. and Atl. Eur., Bal.-As. Min. (rarely), Mong.
(Tuva), N.Am. Described from England. Type in London.

3. D.intermedia Hayne, Bot. Bilderbuch (1798) 18; Ldb. wl. Rossale2 Gilt:
Shmal'g., Fl. 1,117; N. Busch, Fl. cauc. crit. III, 4 (1910) 745.— D.longifolia
L., Sp. pl. (1753) 282 p.p.— Ic.: Engl., Plfzr.(Droseraceae),IV,112 (1906)
95.=> Exs.: HER, No. 3569 and 20093 Herb. Fl. Rep. Sov. Ucr., No. Gane
Finl. exs., No. 248a, 248b, 248c.

Perennial; leaves in radical rosettes, cuneate -obovate, erect, the blade
7—12 mm long and 2—4 (4.5) mm broad; petioles 1.3—3cm long; stems
usually 1—3, arched-upcurved at base and ascending, 5—8 cm long, usually
only slightly surpassing the leaves; sepals ovate, obtuse, appressed, reflexed
at Summit; petals white; capsule pyriform, with 3—4 longitudinal grooves:
seeds tuberculate, with adherent testa. July— August. (Plate 1, Figure 5).

Peat bogs, notably moorland. — European part: Lad.-Ilm., especially in
coastal regions (Lakhta, Sestroretsk, Lisii Nos, and near Pskov), U. Dnp.;
Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr.and Atl. Eur., N. Am., W. Indies (Cuba). Described
from Europe.

4, D.obovata Mert. et Koch, Fl. Deutschl. II (1826) 502.— D.rotundi-
folia X anglica Lasch in Bot. Zeit. XV (1857) 514; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 117;
Kom., Fl. Kameh tl, 197.

Perennial; leaves mostly erect, oboval, obovate, or spatulate, 1—2.2 cm
long, 0.4—0.8cm broad; petioles 4—5 cm long; stem 10—15 (20)cm high,
erect, glabrous; raceme 1—8-flowered; stigmas 2-lobed; capsule often
reduced, Shorter than calyx; seeds obovoid, ca. 1 mm long. (Plate I,
Figure 4).

Distribution as for D.rotundifolia and D.anglica,and probably a
hybrid between the two. A hybrid D.rotundifolia X D.intermedia
has also been described (Callier, Schrift. Schles. Ges. II, 1892—1894).

Order 23. Rosales LINDL.

Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual; regular to zygomorphic, mostly
pentamerous, cyclic or rarely spirocyclic; perianth mostly biseriate,
petals rarely rudimentary; stamens as many or twice as many as
petals, or indefinite, rarely 1—4; gynoecium superior or inferior; carpels
as many as petals or fewer, rarely numerous, free or more or less united;
placentation marginal; pollen grains binuclear; archesporium usually
multicellular. Plants of widely differing aspect; leaves with or without
stipules.

1. Fruit a pod; flowers usually zygomorphic, papilionaceous, less often

wonpap! wonaceous and ther resulartomeimcerularesertee. ole lel wcke welll
ee ys PP Ya Family LXXVIl. Leguminosae Juss.
+ Heiaiiterents iowersimsually actinomorphien) ss 1002) See ee
2 Herbaceous plants;sometimesundershrubs (6.0) .)e aM else kel PaO
Pi Mee eS LINENS) tela Wen ee ted el” toa e tle ein Meats sills el Ua os altetlcl G's Welle” on cthadiaee
Sho My BE 3 Gy Teo-c cu uON Wes lc) OI AL Le een eta ee (Ore Bre oe eee ee eee er 8 :
+ eaves stipulate jem ok i Subfamily Rosoideae ani ty? Rosaceae).
4, Carpels as many as petals,i.e., mostly 5, rarely 3—4 by abortion...
a Gaeaets) fewer than petaisnmost ly Zi Ary Gewese oh 2 ee
Poem aria mi iaie Wenaisio worse 0) 2 le Family LXXIV. Saxifragaceae DC.
Sy webvies Simiplevetienr ileshys y.vieret. ; Family LXXIII. Crassulaceae DC.
+ Leaves pinnately compound, herbaceous...... pO IS 3) Ratt rats hoa tpc
SR ees Ses yes Bitte a, Genus Aruncus (family Rosaceae).
6 ROR CSE RUAN S EMAL, Tork: ie ae ea nl ia) of a2 avi abet ects Noite (es LTRPIA ot ater L Cee"
at Flowers bisexual (in Soviet genera) Seed teth oMtay tal ae taken, (ehkcl eNom, Retetehteh te Rol tert
7 eerlawers invloose ielusters; leaves entire i)3 20h aya ey he
oft Shar Pa Peas SMe) amily *hucommiaceae!VansPierh.
+ Flowers in compact capitate inflorescences; leaves mostly lobed...
SPT EET” keh s Nene Te heel, Perl es Ha i hark SY Family LXXVI. Platanaceae Lindl.
8. Flowers in groups of 2—5, forming axillary capitate inflorescences
Pde | FU deo eg a Family LXXV. Hamamelidaceae R.Br.
ay MawmearsiGiiLeremnyHarranoed: Os) 2 Pel see AL) ah eel ses AM teh ae
9. Plants with evergreen leaves and small fragrant flowers; fruit a
Pee Sees Naso ed tks Min eit? Yor lols hs) ot tet ee Family *Pittosporaceae Lindl.
fs Plants with a different combination of characters ...... paeMe is eke ®

10. Fruit composed of achenes, sometimes borne at the bottom of an
enlarged hypanthium, forming a spurious fruit, or else fruit an

aeenerapevaiinci. srl! isriat Subfamily Rosoideae (Family Rosaceae Juss.).
a Mra noetas abaves so. 7... Totes ram a eete shte Vakethe Me vetet ts Cehtek ee ketta ets Nations
11. Leaves opposite, exstipulate; ovary inferior or half-inferior, _
2—5-locular; fruit a capsule dehiscent along the sutures..........
eis. .WeMOR. 02 Subfamily Hydrangeoideae (Family Saxifragaceae DC.).

Leaves alljerinatoniu: » Whvttabuale ican lve maces Matera iii in aie 12.
12. Fruit a juicy many-seeded berry; ovary inferior, styles 2, mostly

connate; flowers in racemes (these sometimes reduced to 1—3

ise) Le ee ee Subfamily Ribesioideae (family Saxifragaceae).

Pruit an aggregate of follicles, a drupe,or a pome = 2's 25.5. eee 13;
13. Carpels usually 5; fruit an aggregate of 5 (2—7) free or more or less

(sometimes completely) united follicles, dehiscing along the inner

suture; flowers small, in corymbs, panicles, or spikes ...........

Wut ike ohne feth Subfamily Spiraeoideae (family Rosaceae Juss.).
+ Carpels 1—5; fruit a drupe or pome; flowers in corymbs or

Umebelsmeeieis 122%) Bil 0 ey INAS oak RRR ae eters teeta as cd 14,
14. Carpel 1, not united with hypanthium;) fruit a drupe ..) ..o) 88a

et AO4. ie. Se. Se. EE Subfamily Prunoideae (family Rosaceae Juss.).
ty Carpels 1—5, united with inner side of hypanthium; fruit a pome..... |

bust sts tmihtion agrekh awe Subfamily Pomoideae (family Rosaceae Juss.).
Family LXXIII. CRASSULACEAE Dc.* 4

Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual or unisexual, the plants then usually
dioecious, arranged in umbels, spikes, or panicles, sometimes solitary;
sepals 3—20, almost free er partly connate; petals as many as calyx-lobes,
free or connate, adnate to stamens, sometimes inconspicuous or lacking
(Penthoroideae); stamens as many or twice as many as petals, free or
adnate to petals; carpels as many as petals, with nectariferous scales at
base; fruit comprising membranous or leathery follicles free or connate
at base, or united nearly to the middle (Penthoroideae), dehiscing along
the ventral suture or by a ring of transverse clefts (Penthoroideae); seeds
numerous, small. Herbaceous annuals or perennials, rarely undershrubs
with a woody stock; leaves mostly succulent, fleshy, simple, exstipulate.

Note. The family Crassulaceae numbers ca.1,500 species in 6
subfamilies and 33 genera distributed all over the globe. About 550 species
in 10 genera belong to the subfamily Sedoideae. This subfamily includes
most of the species of Crassulaceae occurring in the USSR (107). The
Semperviroideae with ca. 85 species in4 genera are distributed throughout
the Mediterranean region, the Canary and Madeira Islands. All the
species growing in the USSR belong to Sempervivum. The subfamily
Cotyledonoideae, with over 70 species in 6 genera, is represented in the
Soviet Union by a single species of Umbilicus (subgenus Chiasto-
phyllum) growing inthe Caucasian forests. The Penthoroideae, which
could well be considered as a distinct family, consists of the single genus
Penthorum, which is distributed in the Soviet Union and in North America.
The Crassuloideae, with ca.5 genera and 300 species in tropical Africa,

S. Arabia, and Madagascar, are represented in the USSR only by Tillaea.
The subfamilies Kalanchoideae (ca. 230 species) and the Echeverioideae
(ca. 200 species) do not occur in the USSR.

Economic importance. Owing to the variety of forms and the relative
ease of vegetative propagation, the Crassulaceae deserve special attention
as ornamental plants suited to widely different climatic zones. Numerous

* Treatment by A.G. Borisov.

species are widely cultivated, such as certain species of Sempervivum
and Sedum (S.sparium, S. spectabile,and many others). The cell
sap of the Crassulaceae contains malic acid, traces of tartaric acid,
and tannin (Hegi).

Note. As they become much deformed when dry, it is essential to
study the Crassulaceae in viva.

Key to Genera

1. Fruits free or connate at the base, dehiscing along ventral suture;
flowers 3—20-merous, always with conspicuous corolla and calyx.
MGS ASUe CULE OLA St snwmale ayllyeycrie! Oyloeehlod aulhe hcikeaueie xls) ) -\Naiaesayia co»

+ Fruits connate nearly to the middle, dehiscing by a ring of transverse
clefts; flowers 5 (6—8)-merous, petals inconspicuous or lacking. Plants
not succulent. — Far East. (Subfamily 5. Penthoroideae Engler)......

Genus 703. Penthorum L.

2, Stamens as many as petals; flowers 3—4-merous, petals distinct;
leaves opposite; small annual plants growing in moist sandy-silty
Spilcemsuatamtly, lCracculoideac, Berger)! ..4¢.% bstsie s1\eedoe hen =:

zs cone twice as many as petals, or of same number as petals but
then leaves alternate; flowers 4—20-merous; petals distinct or
COMMS O's. oOo poo OG GD OOO OG 0 DOO GOGO OO OOo OG Oo Od 00 5 0 G8
3. Calyx and corolla 6—20-merous; stamens twice as many as petals;
petals distinct; calyx cup-shaped; leaves fleshy, alternate, the radical
rosulate. (Subfamily 3. Sempervivoideae Berger).........+.....-.

Genus 695. Tillaea (Mich.).

SMM MEEORS, «bis Py nd wy 5, aa! vccfera stocal: arte Yay emt pcnddly opel ie hdd Gs Genus 697. Sempervivum L.

Pee URES emis io DOME Hiey suey Weis fa) ksh ames Hey At opie), <Metingerel Dh coe, ERs ems
4, Calyx and corolla 5-merous; stamens twice this number; petals connate
nearly to the middle; leaves opposite, decussate, flat, petioled; basal

ASI ewtecwlackine se plants WithiereepiIne FHIZOME 2-06 si 3 6s ecw ee se
Be Bio's Genus 696. Umbilicus C.C.(subgenus Chiastophyllum Stapf.).
+ Calyx and corolla 4—6 (9)-merous ; stamens as many or twice as many
as petals; petals distinct or connate and then leaves alternate; leaves
of various shape, alternate, opposite, whorled, or rosulate; underground
parts various, if a creeping rhizome then petals distinct. (Subfamily 4.
Sedeiden, Berger utes the: alts odes sdadetorsy > Bin S caine ined bev eed eee
Srl amis ayth) basal ead wos ett exis, xy donmdi spictterd ) oosh.« lemidlogerstby Slee oleae, Meth bei
. Rosette leaves usually cuspidate from a white cartilaginous apical
appendage, rarely soft-acuminate or subobtuse; flowering shoots
solitary from center of rosette; flowers 5-merous,in compact spiciform
racemes; petals distinct,spreading. S. Siberia, fromthe Urals to China and
tHhetharn-Hastutesthe:southwas fareass Tyoh wand) PambaAles cus meena ~ «is

Oo +
'U
—
jab)
2b
n
=
ce
Dp
ie)
c
c+
ion
seb)
n
jab)
—_
—
()
jab)
rh
ie
(2)
n
@
t+
c+
iq)

Se anERES Conte Dyin sar 0: in tan stews copecolaheyena folie Genus 701. Orostachys Fisch.

+ Rosette leaves muticous, without cartilaginous appendage; flowering
shoots usually numerous, from axils of basal leaves, rarely solitary
from center of rosette; flowers 5—6 (7)-merous, loose, in corymbs or

11

corymbiform panicles; petals campanulately connate, the corolla lobes

erect. CentraA sia sto: Altai tia ee tomAGS oulVinireeaia Vien ieiten Ske eens: meni iteane Soe me

3) at aid Sa atA aiNfer Me tPeniee ta GANA BARU C EMC ote aul gi hun» cTUMNMIR er lraisrenita Genus 702. Rosularia Stapf.
7. Plants with a sturdy, woody, vertical, sometimes branching condex cov

covered by crowded, appressed, chaffy leaves, and simple stems arising

from their axils; flowers small, 4—5-merous, dioecious, sometimes

bisexual, the petals distinct; inflorescences corymbiform to capitate -

corymbiform with yellow or red flowers, or spiciform racemes with

white or pink flowers. Subgenus Clementsia (Rose) A. Bor.).

AGCtO=mMontane i SpeCleS 7. oem emerks it cake lee na emcee Genus 698. Rhodiola L.
+ Plants with tuberous roots or creeping rhizome, or with shortened

rhizome and a tuft of thin roots, or annual plant with thin roots;

underground parts without scalelike leaves or, if few such leaves

present, petals connate to above middle, forming a large infundibular

or campanulate corolla; flowers (4) 5—9-merous, always bisexual ... 8.
8. Flowers 5- or 6-merous; corolla infundibular or campanulate, with

straight lobes, pinkish or reddish, drying golden yellow; petals

connate to the middle; leaves fleshy, oblong to linear, glabrous,

perennial; herbs with erect stems, the short caudex sometimes covered

with small*scalelikeleawest Central Asta ti? 2 aie 422) 2 Rie See oe

Se Men th ato Ma Tact aicncnioe ats fi Scatichuasaded Genus 700. Pseudosedum Berger.
+ Flowers usually 5-merous, more rarely (4) 6—9-merous, corolla usually

with stellately recurved lobes, yellow, white, pink, or red; petals

distinct or basally connate. Annual and perennial herbs of various

aspectosimiadey; aieliude doe Ria metic eles a eee Genus 699. Sedum L.

Subfamily 1. CRASSULOIDEAE Berger in Engler. u. Pr. Nat. Pflzfm.
18a (1930) 386.— Stamens in 1 series, as many as petals; flowers (in Soviet
plants) 3- or 4-merous; petals usually absent; leaves opposite; small
annual plants.

Genus 695. TILLAEA L.*
L. Gen. pl. ed. 5 (1754) 62.

Sepals and petals 3 or 4; stamens 3 or 4; pistils 3 or 4; follicles many-
seeded. Smallannuals, 2—5 cm high, with cylindrical opposite leaves;
flowers small, terminal, or in the leaf axils or rarely in the forks of stem.
Plants of rather moist sandy and clayey habitats.

1. Flowers sessile or borne on very short pedicels; stem internodes
shorter than leaves; leaves dense, linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate,
ACUMMUNAATe Ais, 6 heeseein aelieest. Se eee eset eles eee 2.

+ Flowers on pedicels 2—2.5 times as long as the leaves; internodes
longer than leaves; leaves few, linear, obtuse ... 1. T.vaillantii Willd.

2. Flowers sessile, singly in upper leaf axils; stem internodes distinct
BPA es: GaP aN AS eRe Ah SUS Py RIS Bian 13 OSE AE 2. T.aquatica L.

* Named for the Italian botanist Michelangelo Tilli (1663-1740), author of a catalog of plants of the Pisa
Botanical Gardens.

10

a5 Flowers borne on very short pedicels, one in the axil of each ofa
pair of decussate leaves from the base of the stem, the crowding of
leaves resulting in a spiciform inflorescence; internodes indistinct
CST: 3 Re ee Pens nen ee enon te seen Tk Te ee rece, 3. T.alata Viv.

1. T.vaillantii Willd., Spec. pl. I (1798) 720; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 359. —
| T.aquatica Lam., Illusir.I (1791) 361, non L.— T.saginoides Maxim.
| in Bull. Ac. Petersb. XXVI (1880) 473.— Bulliarda vaillantii DG.

Pl. gras. (1801) tab. 74.— B.aquatica Fedtsch. in Consp., Ey Turnk.)3

(1909) 68,non DC.— Crassula vaillant ii Schoenl. in Engl. und Prantl,
Nat. Pflzfm. IIL, 2a (1891) 37; Berger in Engl., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 388. —
Tillaeastrum vaillantii Britton in Bull. N.Y. Bot. Gard. Ill (1903) 2.—
Ic.: Borisova in Fl. Yugo-Vost., No. V (1931) f.408; Rehb., Ic. Fl. Germ.
XXIII (1898-1899) tab.40; Lam.,l.c., tab. 90; DC.,1.c., tab. 74.

Biennial, 2—5 cm high; stem simple or branching, erect or prostrate,
the few-leaved internodes long; leaves decussate, remote, linear, obtuse,
glabrous, sheathing at base, 1.5—3 mm long, ca. 0.5mm broad; flowers
solitary in axils of leaves, sometimes in stem forks; pedicels 4—6 mm
long, 2—2.5 times length of leaves; flowers 4-merous, small, ca. 1.5—2 mm
long; calyx glabrous, basally adnate to corolla, lobed to the middle; the
lobes broadly triangular, obtuse; petals pink, ovate, twice as long as calyx;
stamens 4, exceeding calyx but shorter than petals with rounded anthers
: and short filaments; hypogynous scales linear, alternating with stamens;
follicles usually 6—8-seeded, ovaloid, short-acuminate; seeds oblong-
ovaloid, dark brown, ca. 0.4 mm long, 0.1—0.2 mm broad. May — June.
(Plate II, Figure 1a, b).

Boggy sites, compact solonetzic soil, less often riverbanks and
lakeshores. — European part: Bl. (between Voznesensk and Pervomaisk),
L. V. (Krasnoarmeisk, Chapchachi); Central Asia: Ar.-Casp. (Air-tau;
between Lakes Sary-kul' and Dzhumor-kul', Lake Sassyk-kul'), Balkh.
(banks of Black Irtysh River). Gen.distr.: Med.,N.Am. Described from
southern France. Type in Berlin.

2. T.aquatica L., Sp. pl. Gi7sayLl8: Shnaaltien WL i 3 Os Mero os to diva
Schkuhr in Usteri Ann. Bot. XII (1794) 6. — T.simplex Nuttal., in Journ.
Acad. Phil. I (1817) 114.— Bulliarda aquatica DC.in Bull. Soc. Philom.,
No. 49 (1801) 2; Prodr. II, 382; Ldb., Fl. Ross. 11,172.— B.prostrata
Weinm., Fl. petrop. (1837) 21.— B.schkuhrii Spreng., Syst. 1 (1825) 498. —
Tillaeastrum aquaticum Britton in Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. II (1903) 1.—
Crassula aquatica Schoenl.in Engl. u. Prantl., Nat. Pflzfm. III, 2a
(1891) 37; Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930), 389.— Ic.: Rchb.,
Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIII (1898-1899) tab. 39; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt. Eur. IV, 2, f. 902. —
Exs.: HFR, No. 18, No. 2021; Pl. Finl. exs., No. 249,

Annual or biennial, glabrous, 1—3 (5)cm high, with fibrous roots, densely
leafy; stems branching, in water erect, in wet damp habitats usually
prostrate and rooting at the nodes; leaves decussate, sheathing at base,
linear, 4—6 mm long, 0.5—1 mm broad, thickish, entire, acute, glabrous; flowers
small, 4-merous, subsessile, 1 or 2 in the leaf axils; calyx basally connate,
with broadly triangular pointed lobes; petals whitish, ovate, 1-15 mam lone,
0.5—0.8 mm broad, erect, 1.5—2 times as long as calyx; stamens 4, shorter

3}

than petals; hypogynous scales filiform, alternating with stamens; fruit
of 4 follicles, ovaloid, ca. 1.3mm long, 0.6 mm broad, terminating ina
subulate beak; seeds numerous, 8—10, ovaloid, 0.3—0.6 mm long, 0.2 mm
broad, dark brown, longitudinally rugose. June—September. (Plate II,
Figure 2a—b).

Infrequent, mostly along riverbanks, on sandy soils, silty and moist
sites, seashores. European part: Kar.-Lap. (Svir River, Lake Onega),
Dv.-Pech. (Arkhangel'sk — reported by Schmalhausen), Lad.-Ilm.,

U. Dnp. (Minsk — reported by Schmalhausen); Far East: Uss. (surroundings
of Olga and Milogradovo villages). Gen.distr.: Scand., Centr. Eur. (north
as far as Iceland), N. Am. (California), JAVOn= Clare (Japan, Korea). Described
freon MmrOope. ) iiyee mn Home on.

3. T.alata Viv. Pl. Aeg. Dec. (1830) 16.— T.trichopoda Fenzl.in
Ky. Pl. Pers. austr. ex Boiss., Fl. Or. ll (1872) 767.— Crassula alata
Berger in Engl. u. Pr. Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 389.

Annual, 1—3 cm high, often subcespitose; stems slender, ascending,
simple or slightly branching, the internodes very short; leaves crowded
along the stem, oblong-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, acuminate, sheathing
at base; flowers ca. 1mm long, subsessile, in axils of all leaves from the very
base; calyx reddish, the distinct lobes oblong-ovate; petals shorter than
sepals, whitish, oblong, filiform-acuminate; stamens 4, inserted at the
base of petals, the filaments op the length of calyx, the anthers rounded;
follicles ovaloid, short-beaked, half the length of calyx; seeds ovaloid,
dark brown, longitudinally grooved, subobtuse, 0.3mm long, 0.2 mm broad.
March. (Plate II, Figure 3a—b).

Maritime sands, moist sandy sites.— Caucasus: Tal. (Ol'khovka village).
Gen. distr.: E. Med. (Egypt, Syria — maritime part), Iran. (near Dalaki).
Described from Egypt.

Subfamily 2. COTYLEDONOIDEAE Berger in Engl. u. Pr. Nat. Pflzf.18a
(1930) 412. Stamens in 2 series, twice as many as petals; flowers
5-merous; petals connate nearly to the middle; leaves decussate and
petioled, or alternate; basal rosettes absent. Plants with creeping
rhizome or tuberiferous.

Genus 696. UMBILICUS *« DC.
DC., Prodr. III (1838) 400, pro parte.

Flowers 5-merous; sepals free, triangular, acute; corolla campanulate;
petals connate nearly to the middle, with prominent midnerve, their
lobes lanceolate-triangular, acute; stamens 10, shorter than corolla, the
filaments adnate to throat of corolla; follicles free, linear-lanceolate,
usually nutant at maturity; hypogynous scales linear. Glabrous plants
with creeping rhizome (subgenus Chiastophyllum Stapf) or with
tuberous, often rounded, underground part; leaves decussate, approximate
toward base of stem, large, rounded-ovate, coarsely crenate-sinuate,
abruptly narrowing to petiole, fleshy (subgenus Chiastophyllu m) or

‘ From the Latin word meaning navel, middle, center.

5773 12

leaves alternate, peltate, or cordate, funnel-shaped at center, petioled
(subgenus Ia el = Ul raayjoy i Wiel Ss) AN: Bor.); flowers in racemes.

Note. Species of Umbilicus (Eu-Umbilicus A. Bor.) occur
in the Mediterranean region, eastward to Asia Minor; one species in
Ethiopia. Only one species of the subgenus Chiastophyllum Stapf.
occurs inthe USSR.

Subgenus CHIASTOPHYLLUM (Ldb.) Stapf. in Index Londin. II (1930) 176,
316, pro genere; Berger in Engl., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 419; Sect.
Chiastophyllum Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1844-1846) 176; Boiss. Fl. Or. II,
774.— Plants with creeping rhizome; leaves rounded-ovate, petioled,
decussate.

1. U.oppositifolius Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1844-1846) 176; Boiss., Fl. Or. Il,
ia Grosshs, Fl.Cauc. ll, 23l.—"Chiastophy llum ‘oppositifolium
Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat.Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 419.— Cotyledon
oppositifolia Ldb. ex Nordmann in Bull. Acad. Pétersb. II (1837) 313. —
Sedum oppositifolium Raymond Hamet in Candollea IV (1929-1931)
43.—Ic.: Bot. Mag. (1919) tab. 8822; Fréd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VII
(1932) pl. LVIII, textfigs 123-133.

Perennial, 15—30 cm high, glabrous; rhizome creeping, long, with
fibrous roots; stems decumbent; shoots densely leafy below,
remotely above; flowering stems terminal, erect; leaves decussate, flat,
the lower ones to 4cm long, the upper smaller, rounded -ovate, petioled,
obtuse, bluntly crenate-sinuate; inflorescence terminal, racemose-paniculate,
many -flowered, erect, with shorter lateral racemes; racemes sometimes
borne in the axils of 2 uppermost leaf pairs; bracts subulate, shorter than
flowers, equaling the short pedicels; flowers alternate, remote, horizontal
at anthesis, finally nodding; calyx 5-parted, almost to the base; calyx lobes
ovate, acuminate, appressed, as long as or slightly longer than corolla
tube; corolla 4—5 mm long, creamy, 5-cleft, almost to the middle; corolla
lobes straight, pointed, ovate-lanceolate, lobes 2—2.5 times as long as the
calyx; stamens 10, yellow like the anthers; filaments adnate to base of
corolla; hypogynous scales 5, linear, slightly tapering toward base;
follicles 5, linear-lanceolate, short-beakers, many-seeded; seeds small,
0.5mm or slightly longer, ovoid-lanceolate. Fl. May— June; fr. August.
(Plate II, Figure 4a—b).

At altitudes of 1,700—2,600 m, wooded slopes, beech forests, stony soils,
spring banks, mainly calcareous regions, most frequent in W. Caucasus. —
Caucasus: Cisc. (northern slopes of Main Range), W. Transc. (often),

E. Transc. (rarely). Endemic. Described from Abkhazia. Type in Leningrad.

Subfamily 3. SEMPERVIVOIDEAE Berger in Engl. u. Pr. Nat. Pflzfm.18a
(1930) 420.— Stamens in 2 series, twice as numerous as petals; flowers
6—20 (32)-merous; petals distinct; calyx cup-shaped; leaves fleshy, convex,
alternate, the basal rosulate.

13

15 Genus 697. SEMPERVIVUM * L.

16

L. Gen. pl. ed. 5 (1754) 209.

Flowers 6—20-merous, white, yellow, yellowish green, red, pink, or
purple; calyx green, fleshy, calyciform, basally connate; petals distinct,
stamens 12—40 basally adnate to petals, carpels free; hypogynous scales
small, entire or fimbriate at the apex. Fleshy, glabrous or glandular-
pubescent perennials; leaves alternate, entire, fleshy, usually ovate or
oblong, acute or acuminate, ciliate, on sterile shoots crowded into spherical
basal rosettes, on flowering shoots remote and more elongated; flowering
shoots arising from center of leaf rosettes; inflorescence a corymbiform
panicle composed of scorpioid cymes.

Approximately 25 species distributed throughout the mountains of central
and southern Europe, to the Caucasus and the Volga in the east. Mainly on
rocky, stony, and pebbly sites.

Economic importance. Ornamental species of Sempervivum, known
by over 200 names, are cultivated in various European gardens, forming
numerous hybrids. The sap of S.tectorum contains a large amount of
malic acid (Annenkov). Leaf rosettes and young shoots of S.soboliferum,
and of other species, are used as a salad vegetable.

thes Flowers 6-merous, campanulate; petals erect, fimbriate (Section ay
Tomisib ariel Daly ad suaes Weiter hee 7. .S. soboliferum Sims.|
a Flowers 8—18-merous; petals stellate by spreading, entire. Section 1. |
Eu-Sempervivum Schoente) ys 9s ads wrest dee. 4h eee 2.|
2. Flowers yellow or greenish yellow, often drying green.......... 3...
Le Flowers purple, red, pink, sometimes drying yellow ............ S|
o. All leaves glabrous above, with long-ciliate margin; lobes mostly |
ovate, subobtuse; stamens about as long as petals ..............
c dareeb lala, «a Mop as va Capea hadicy! ai vavrahes rath cithamy Aeremctea Pe Henbel gous) (ae 6. S. glabrifolium A. Bor.|

+ All leaves pubescent on upper surface; calyx lobes lanceolate or

oblong-ovate, acute; petals 1.5 times as long as stamens ........ 4.

4. Inflorescence loose, many-flowered, 4—10 cm long, ca. 8-10 cm in
diameter, with rather long scorpioid branches; corolla 3—4 times as

lon gyASshcallyaahity MaeWarehe Wee 4, S.ruthenicum (Koch) Schnittsp. et Lehm..

+ Inflorescence contracted, few-flowered, 1—3 cm long, 2— —5(6)cm in
diameter, with short branches; corolla 2—2.5 times as long as

CRY ates tol rah falbiena: Hayles eo, ay an alley a) fe nev to eel ayy au) iter toa eee 5. S. globiferum | !

5. Rosette leaves glabrous or sparsely short-pubescent above, oblong-
obovate, widest at the middle, short-acuminate, with soft or stiff
hairs on the margin; cauline leaves more elongated to lanceolate;

inflorescence many flowered. Plants’ 12—60.em,high 925199 peace ee 6.)

+ Rosette leaves glandular-pubescent above, oblong-lanceolate, broadest
at the base, long-acuminate margin soft pilose; cauline leaves
lanceolate to linear-lanceolate; inflorescence few-flowered. Plants
4—10 (20) cm high, grayish pubescent.......... 1..S.pumilum M.B.
6. Plants 12—40cm high; leaf rosettes 3—5cm in diameter; petals
2—3 times as long as calyx; inflorescence 2—7cm in diameter......
a is Se rier te. SEAS 7S ee coe soe. 2 3s Si eaucasicum Rupr.

* From the Latin semper, always,and vivum, alive, referring to the viability of the very drought-resistant
succulent leaves.

|

+ Plants 45—60 (100)cm high; leaf rosettes 5—7 (20) cm in diameter;
inflorescence 7—10 (20)cm in diameter; petals up to 1.5 times as long
ENS CMa es BOOS LUI SS oS) SORRY eee TST EO TL) SE eT ae geo. ERE 2. S.tectorum L.

Section 1. EU-SEMPERVIVUM Schoenl. in Engl. und Prantl., Nat. Pflzfm.
3, 11a (1890) 31; sect. Jovibarba DC., Pl. rar. jard. Gen. (1829), No. 21, 80,
pas-. Prodrsll,4i3 p.p.; "sect. Sem perv ivum genuwinum CC. Koch
Syn. Fl. Germ. (1837) 288.— Flowers 8—18-merous; petals stellately
spreading, entire.

1, S.pumilum M. B., Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 381; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 363;
Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 233; Berger in Engl.u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930)
422; Praeger, An account Semperv. group (1932) 57.— ?S.montanum
Eichw., Casp.-cauc. (1831—1833) 31, non L.— ?S.altum Turrill in Rec.
prof. Petkoff (1936) 126.— Ic.: Praeger, l.c., f.13.

Perennial (2.5) 4—10(20)cm high, white-puberulent; rosettes small,
1—2.5cm in diameter; their leaves oblong-lanceolate, abruptly short -
acuminate, glandular-pubescent on both sides or glabrescent, with ciliate
margin, green, 1 cm long, 3—4 broad, 2 mm thick, flat above, convex
below; cauline leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acuminate, glandular -
pubescent, 1—1.5cm long; inflorescence 2—8 (10)-flowered, with 2 or 3
short, pubescent branches; flowers subsessile, 2—4 cm in diameter;
corolla 3 times as long as calyx; calyx pilose, 5mm long, basally connate,
with 10—12 broadly lanceolate acute reddish lobes; petals 10—12,
lance-linear, lilac-purple, with a darker median Stripe, horizontally
spreading, pilose on the outside and along the margins, with sparse hairs
on the inside; stamens 20—24, 4—6 mm long, the purple filaments dilated
toward the base; anthers red; hypogynous scales flat, oblong, obtuse, 1 mm
long, green; fruit of 10—12 divergent follicles, 3.5—5 mm long, more or
less glandular-pubescent, with reddish beak. Fl.July — August,fr. from
August.

Taluses, rocks, moraines near glaciers, mainly in the alpine zone,
also among xerophytic mountain vegetation at 1,300—3,000 m.— Caucasus:
Cisc.and E. Transc. (often), Dag., S. Transc. (rarely), W. Transc. (rarely).

Endemic. Described from the Caucasus (Terek River valley near

Ordzhonikidze). Type in Leningrad.

2. S.tectorum L., Sp. pl. (1753) 464; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 189, p.p.; DC.,
Prodr. Ill, 413; Berger in Engl.u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 421.—
Sedum tectorum Scop., Fl. Carn. II (1772) 325.— Ic.: Rehb., Ic. Fl.
Germ oxi tabver> Hegiy M1) Fl. Mitt: Eur. IV, 2, tab. 140510923) 924a—i;
Praeger, An account Semp. group (1932) tab. 16.— Vernacular names:
zhivuchka krovel'naya, skochki.

Perennial, 45—60 (100)cm high; stems glandular-pubescent with white
hairs; rosettes (3) 5—7 (20)cm in diameter, open, flattish; their leaves
green, often becoming red, glabrous except ciliate margin, oblong-obovate,
acuminate, 3-6 cm long, 1—1.5 cm broad, fleshy, flat above, convex beneath,
whitish at base; cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, glandular-pubescent,
the margin densely long-ciliate; inflorescence dense, many -flowered,

15

18

profusely branching, 7—10(20)cm in diameter, long-branched, flattened

or obtriangular in outline; bracts linear, acute, pilose; flowers 12—16 —
mosily 13-merous, to 2.5 cm in diameter; calyx ca. 8mm long, pilose, divided
to the middle into lanceolate, acute lobes; petals dark or light purple or

red, greenish-nerved, stellately spreading, 9-12 cm long, glandular -pubescent
on the back and margin, linear-lanceolate, acute; stamens 24—32 (mostly 26),
shorter than petals, 5—6 mm long, with red filaments and anthers;

hypogynous scales suborbicular, green; fruit of 12—16 follicles green,
glandular-pilose, ca. 7mm long, the subulate red glabrous beak half

follicle length. Fl. July— September.

Rocky and stony sites, often cultivated or escaped.— European part:
recorded for U. Dnp. and M. Dnp. (near Zhitomir, Mogilev, and
Dnepropetrovsk, according to Paczoski and Schmalhausen), probably
erroneously, or having become naturalized as in Poland and the Baltic
republics. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from
Europe. Type in London.

Economic importance. S.tectorum L. is widely cultivated as an
ornamental plant and is extensively used for covering adobe and thatch
roofs; hence its specific name. Medicinal plant.

3. S.caucasicum Rupr. ex Boiss., Fl. Or. II (1872) 796.— Grossg., Fl.
Kavk. II, 232; Praeger, An account Semp. group (1932) 76.— S.tectorum
auct., non L.— S.montanum C.A.M., Verz. Pfl. Cauc. (1831) 152,
non L.; Ldb., Fl. Ross. Il (1844-1846) 189,non L.— S.tectorum subsp.
caucasicum Berger in Engl.u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm.18a (1930) 422.—?
S.flagelliferum Fisch. in herb.

Perennial, (10) 12-20 cm high; stems glandular-pubescent with white
hairs; rosettes 3—5 cm in diameter, their leaves green, oblong-obovate,
acute, glabrous or puberulent, with stiffly ciliate margin; cauline leaves
lanceolate, acute, 2—5 cm, glandular-pubescent, the margin long-ciliate;
inflorescence many-flowered, branching, corymbiform, stoutly short-
branched, 2—7 cm in diameter; bracts linear, acute, pilose; flowers
ca. 10—15 cm in diameter, 12—6-merous; calyx 1; —'/, the length of
corolla, divided almosttoits middle into acute, lanceolate, pilose lobes;
petals violet or lilac-purple, stellately spreading, linear -lanceolate, subulate-
pointed, shortly glandular-pilose, stamens 24—32, the pubescent filaments
toward base, the anthers reddish; hypogynous scales straight, flat,
subquadrate; fruit of 12—16 divergent green glandular-pilose follicles.

Fl. July — August, fr. August — September. (Plate II, Figure 6a—d).

Sandy, calcareous soils, schistose rocks, in the alpine and subalpine
zones, at 1,300—2,600m. Caucasus: Cisc. (often), W. Transc. (rare in
Abkhazia), E. Transe., Dag. (Samur River). Endemic. Described from the
Caucasus (Tushetiya). Type in Leningrad.

Note. S.caucasicum Rupr.is one of the numerous geographic races
of S.tectorum L. It differs from S.tectorum in its smaller size
(45-60 (100)em in S.tectorum), its smaller fewer -flowered inflorescence,
and longer petals. S.tectorum is a native of the mountains of central
and Southern Europe and occurs in the Soviet Union in gardens or, possibly,
as an escape from cultivation. S.caucasicum Rupr.is represented by
a series of forms with puberulent or perfectly glabrous basal leaves.

Gass
WZ

\ Wa

y

PLATE Il. 1—Tillaea vaillantii Willd.: a) flower, b) part of shoot with flower and leaves;
2—T.aquatica L.: a) flower, b) part of shoot with flower and leaves; 3— T.alata Viv.: a) flower,
b) part of plant with flower and leaves; 4— Umbilicus oppositifolius Ldb.: a) part of corolla,
b) part of inflorescence in fruit; 5-Sempervivum caucasicum Rupt.: a) flower, b) petal with
stamen, c) pistil, d) sepal; 6—S.soboliferum Sims.: a) flower, b) petal with stamen, c) pistil,

d) sepal.

In the herbarium of the Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences
there is a specimen of S.flagelliferum Fisch. from Mt. Besh-Tau,
described by Fisher; it appears that this specimen should also be
referred to S.caucasicum. lLedebour reports S.flagelliforme
Fisch. ex Link, Enum. hort. berol. II (1882) 20, also quoted in DC., as
occurring in Siberia, but there are no Sempervivum in Siberia.
S.vermiculare Guldenst.in Reisen I (a7eig): OZ Ese IWiellos, IMBLUNOsisi4 Il
(1844—1846) 190, recorded for the Caucasus (Terek River) (Giildenst.) is also
problematic and should presumably be referred to S.caucasicum Rupr.

Economic importance. The leaves are eaten raw.

21

4, S.ruthenicum (Koch) Schnittsp. et Lehm. in Flora (1858) 5.—
S.globiferum L4db., Fl. Ross. II (1844-1846) 189 (p.p.) non L.; Boiss.,
Fl. Or. 1,797 pop: S?slobife Rum) subsp. mwuth ni eum, Koechysyneerl:
Germ. ed. 2 (1843) 289 (in nota ad S.wulfeni).— S.ruthenicum Koch
ex (Shmialita)) Eu I (1895) 363; Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a
(1930) 423; Praeger, An account of the Sempervivum group (1932) 80. —

Ie.2) Praeger, les, £9235 Borisova in Pl.wuco-Vost. Nooo, i082

Perennial, 20—35 cm high; stems sulcate, sparsely glandular -puberulent;
rosettes 4—6(7)cm in diameter, their leaves oblongly obovate -cuneate,
broadening in the upper third, short-acuminate, densely hirsute on both
sides, the margin stiffly long-ciliate; cauline leaves remote, alternate,
oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, hairy on both sides and ciliate-margined,
inflorescence loose, corymbiform, 4—10 cm long, ca. 8-10 cm in diameter,
with long, many-flowered, pubescent scorpioid branches; pedicels 1—5 mm;
bracts linear, acuminate, puberulous; calyx green, basally connate,
ca. 3—4 mm long, pubescent on the outside, with 10—14 oblong-ovate, acute
lobes, "—' 3 the length of corolla; petals 10—14 yellow, stellately spreading,
distinct, linear, acuminate, long-glandular-pubescent on the outside; stamens
20—24, shorter than petals, with enlarged pubescent filaments and yellow
anthers; follicles divergent, oblong-ovoid, with long straight beak, many-
seeded, glandular-pubescent; hypogynous scales convex, glanduliform;
seeds oblong-ovoid, grayish brown, slightly more than 0.5cm long. Fl.
July — August, fr. from August.

Sands and sandy soils; sometimes in pine forests. — European part:
UseV.V .-Don;U; Dup.iM. Pup: Sabon» Bly Gigima.? (a Single specimen
collected near Simferopol'). Gen.distr.: Bal.-As. Min. (Balkan Peninsula,
Rumania). Described from ''Russia.'' Type in Berlin.

5. Seglobiferum. E. Sp. pl. (1'753) 463, p. p.; Boiss., PlOr. 179 tape —
S.armenum Boiss. Diagn. Ser. II (1856) 60.— S.braunii Ldb., Fl.Ross. I
(1844-1846) 190p.p., non C. Koch. — S.ibericum Fisch in sched. —

Exs.: Kotschy, No. 385.

Perennial, 10—15 (25)cm high; stems densely glandular-puberulent;
rosettes 2—5 cm in diameter, their leaves oblong-spatulate, somewhat
enlarged in upper third, abruptly short-acuminate, finely puberulent on
upper surface, ciliate on the margin, reddening at the tip; cauline leaves
remote but overlapping, alternate, oblong-ovate, reddening at the tip,
dilated toward base, acute, pubescent on both sides, the margin ciliate;
inflorescence contracted, umbellately corymbiform, 2—5(6)cm in diameter,

22

1—3 cm long, branching, with short few-flowered pubescent branches;
pedicels ca. 1mm long or flowers subsessile; bracts lanceolate, acuminate,
puberulent, ciliolate; calyx green, basally connate, 5mm long, pubescent,
with 12—16 lanceolate acute lobes reddening at the tip, corolla 2—2.5 times
as long as calyx; petals 12—16, yellow-green or yellow, distinct, lance-
linear, acuminate, stellately spreading, glandular-pubescent on the outside;
stamens 24—32,shorter than petals with enlarged violet short -pilose filaments
and yellow anthers; follicles as many as petals, oblique -ovoid, glandular -pilose,
erect,the beak recurved,hypogynous scales erect,subquadrate,lamelliform;
seeds grayish brown,ca.0.5 mm long,ovoid. Fl. July —August, fr. from August.

Rocks and stony slopes, at 1,100—3,000 m, among subalpine and alpine
plant communities and xerophytic vegetation of southern slopes. Caucasus:
Cisc. (Mt. Besh-Tau), W. Transc. (Adzhar-Imeretian Range), E.and S. Transc.
(often). Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. (Kars, Olty). Described from 'Russia."'
Type in London. P

Note. S.globiferum is reported by Linnaeus as collected in
"in Rutheno'' by S.Gmelin. Since S.Gmelin collected only in the Caucasus
(the other Gmelin, Johann Georg, collected plants only in Siberia where
Sempervivum does not occur) and as Linnaeus may have believed
that the Caucasus could also be referred to as Russia, it is conceivable
that S.globiferum p.p.(S.armenum Boiss.) was described from the
Caucasus. However, Linnaeus also mentions other characters of European
species which are not valid for the Caucasian species. As far as the
Caucasus is concerned, S.globiferum is to be interpreted sensu stricto.

*6. S.glabrifolium A. Bor. sp. nova in Addenda VIII, p. 357.

Perennial, 10—15 cm high; stems glandular-puberulent; rosettes 1—3 cm
in diameter; their leaves obovate, acute, 1 cm long, 0.5 cm broad, glabrous
on both sides, withlong-ciliate margin; cauline leaves more elongated,
lanceolate, acute, ca. glabrous on 0.4cm broad in upper part, glabrous on
both sides, only the uppermost ones sparsely glandular -pubescent, the
margin long-ciliate, inflorescence a corymbiform panicle, 3—5 cm long,

3—4 cm in diameter, with many-flowered scorpioid branches; bracts
lanceolate. glandular-puberulent; flowers 6—7 mm long, 10—12-merous;
pedicels 1—2 mm long; calyx 3mm long, connate to We of its length; lobes
10—12, ovate, subobtuse, glandular-puberulent, Y— "ls the length of corolla;
petals linear to lance-linear, acute, yellow, 6—7 mm long, infundibularly
divergent, glandular-puberulent on the outside, entire, with ciliate margin;
stamens 20—24, the epipetalous nearly equaling petals, the others shorter
by anther length; filaments yellow, dilated toward base, with a few hairs

in lower part; anthers yellow, rounded-oval; hypogynous scales but 0.25 mm
long, ca. 0.5mm broad, convex, rounded at the apex; follicles shorter than
petals, oblique -ovoid, with long, erect, glabrous style as long as the

ovary, sparsely glandular-puberulent ventrally, glabrous dorsally; follicles
ovoid-lanceolate, many -seeded, with suberect, slightly recurved beak; seeds
slightly more than 0.5 mm long, lanceolate, brown. Fl. June, fr. from June.

Rocks in the districts of Turkey, possibly in USSR territory.

Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. [former] Artvin District, Chorokh [Coruh] and
Tsriya rivers). Described from the Artvin District. Type in Leningrad.

iy)

Section 2. JOVISBARBA DC., Pl. rar. jard. Gen., No. 21, obs. (1829) 80;
Prodr. Ill, 413 (Jovibarba) p.p.; Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. (1837) 264. —
Jovibarba Opiz, Seznam (1852) 54, pro gen. — Flowers (5) 6-merous,
campanulate; petals erect, fimbriate.

7. S.soboliferum Sims in Bot. Mag. (1812) 1457; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 363;
Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 424; Praeger, An account
Sempery. group (1932) 100.— S.globiferum Rchb. Iconogr. (1834)
tab. 839, non L.— S.hirtum Ldb., Fl. Ross. II (1844-1846) 190, non L.—

Ic.: Hegi, Ill, Fl. IV, 2 (1925) £.931 h-k; Rchb., Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIII (1898-1899)
66; Syreishch., Fl. Mosk. gub. II (1907) 216.— Exs.: Fl. exs. austro-hung.,
No. 1307; Meinsh., Herb. Fl. Ingr. (1866), No. 247.

Perennial, 10—25 (40)cm high; stems glandular-pubescent; rosettes
2—4 cm in diameter, their leaves oblong-cuneate or nearly obovate,
acuminate, fleshy, bright green, glabrous on both sides, the margin beset
with long white cilia; cauline leaves oblong or lanceolate. sessile, glabrous.
acuminate, turning red at the apex, the margin ciliate; inflorescence a
corymbiform many-flowered dichasium, 5—7cm in diameter; branches of
inflorescence scorpioid; bracts lanceolate; flowers campanulate,
6-merous; calyx 7-10 mm long, glandular-pubescent; lobes oval-lanceolate,
ciliate-margined, reddish-tipped; petals linear-oblong, 12—14 (17)mm
long, twice length of calyx, pale yellow or greenish, erect, glandular -pubescent
on both sides, campanulately connivent at apex; stamens 12 shorter than
corolla; filaments green, sparsely glandular-pubescent; anthers yellow;
hypogynous scales subquadrate. slightly emarginate. ca. 1 mm long, green;
follicles straight, gradually tapering into a beak half as long as the fruit.

Fl. July — August. fr. from August. (Plate II, Figure 6a—d).

Dry sandy sites, mainly pine forests; also limestones and rocky river-
banks; sometimes naturalized. — European part: Lad.-Ibm., U. V., V.-Kama,
U. Dips Gensdistr: Cent rub: (Baltic republics, Poland, Germany,
Czechoslovakia, Hungary). Described from Europe. Type in London.

Economic importance. The leaf rosettes are sometimes used as a
vegetable (Meinshausen).

Subfamily 4. SEDOIDEAE Berger in Engl. und Prantl, Nat. Pflzfm. 18a
(1930) 436.— Stamens in two series, as many or twice as many as petals;
flowers 4—6 (9)-merous; petals distinct or basally connate; leaves of
variously shaped, alternate. opposite, whorled or rosulate; underground
organs variable.

Genus 698. RHODIOLA * L.
L., Gen. pl. ed. 5 (1754) 457,

Flowers 4- or 5-merous (exceptionally 6-merous), usually dioecious,
rarely bisexual; calyx persistent; corolla yellow, yellowish green,
cream-colored, whitish pink, or red; inflorescence terminal, corymbiform,

From the Greek rhodia rhiza,pink root, or else diminutive of the Greek rhodia or rhodon, rose,
referring to the odor which is reminiscent of roses.

capitate-corymbiform or racemose (subgenus Clements ia); follicles
straight, mostly short-beaked or beakless; seeds numerous, small.
Perennials with woody, robust, usually branching, multicipital caudex

covered with congested appressed leaves, these often obsolescent, triangular
or suborbicular, scalelike, membranous, brown or fuscous; stems few

to numerous, unbranched, erect or somewhat flexuous, often remaining

from the previous year; leaves alternate, flat to subterete. A high-mountain
genus; several species occur inN.Am. Type species R.rosea L.

hig

Inflorescence a raceme; flowers bisexual, white or pink, large,

ca. 1 cm long (Section Clementsia (Race) Amar ous) int lassen ethos oa

1. R.semenovii (Rgl. et Herd.) A. Bor.
Inflorescence corymbiform or compactly corymbiform -capitate;

flowers usually dioecious, rarely bisexual, whitish, yellow, cream-
colored, red or pinkish, sometimes only calyx red ......+-6+.266, Dis
Caudex thick, densely surrounded by tufts of persistent old stems;
annotinous stems few, slender, 1—2 mm in diameter, (3)10—15 (20)cm
high, follicles connate at base. (Section Chamae-chodiola Schrenk)

Caudex without stem remnants or, if same old stems occasionally
present, then not tufted; annotinous stems few, (7)10-60 cm long,
(2)3—6 mm in diameter; follicles not connate. (Section Eu- Rhodiola

Sonmonioicamawnlge digas sgsetorion dle wena see rele eievboost - - « 9.
Leaves linear, terete, or linear-lanceolate to oblong, entire; stamens
usually not longer or sometimes but slightly longer than petiols.... 4.
Leaves oval or oblong-elliptic, usually toothed; stamens exceeding
epee Lhearsieh: Avs tea iteiie eietls stead) Geeta” & pe folelihe loveseat: {6

Flowers bright yellow and 4-merous or whitish to pale yellow (whitish)
and 5-merous; scalelike crown leaves acutely triangular, 3—5 (6) mm

Pis@alel ys euetls lek byen wes Wertiebeis el secant satin eee theoreti ACAD 00s -< D.
Flowers red, 5-merous; scalelike crown leaves large, rounded-
iene wlars+6— Bini broad pyj-yel nels Glaus « 18. R. coccinea (Royle) A. Bor.

Flowers 5-merous, pale yellow; inflorescences many -flowered, rarely
loose; 1—1.5 cm in diameter (stems 10—20 (30)cm long, 2mm in diameter
Peecbva cacti 's taki eerie apeepel fe oe weal syd tel fd ge 17. R.pamiroalaica A. Bor.
Flowers usually 4-merous, bright yellow, in few-flowered inflorescence
0.5—1 cm in diameter; stems 3—10(15)cm long, 0.5—mm in

AINE LE Tain Bt ay Eesha pemtey al ae See ah.@ low ah ayers <a -tep teed oe polo Siena ep bee 6.
Stems more or less straight, old stems and caudex often turning black

or grayish brown; leaves acute, linear; follicles ca.5 mm long,
lanceolate. (Urals, Siberia) .... 15. R.quadrifida (Pall.) Fisch. et Mey.
Stems recurved, divergent, old stems and caudex grayish, not turning
black; leaves subobtuse, oblong or linear-lanceolate, subhorizontally
recurved; follicles ca.3mm long, ovoid.... 16. R.kaschgarica A. Bor.
Scalelike crown leaves large, more than 1 cm long, 1—1.5 cm broad.
Plants (8)12—17cm high; leaves coarsely dentate; hypogynous scales
GE CICALCh decd byte b hisbe eds wtih RAS esa oh-GfewaEs peneieriest+ - 8.
Scalelike crown leaves not more than 0.4—0.5 cm long, 0.5—0.7cm

pLoada.) Llants s— 9 (10)cm high; leaves denticulate or entire; calyx
yellow; hypogynous scales elongated......... 19. R. gelida Schrenk.

21

10)

i

Lay

13.

14,

Plants (8) 12—15 cm high; leaves ovate, 0.8—1 cm long, 0.2—0.3 em
broad, dark green; calyx red; scalelike leaves 1 cm long and 1 cm
broad; old stems numerous; follicles with beak less than 1 mm

WOW s tore Mento bemanls Phineas pa betah sehen Whncene AU 2.00) 20. oRerecticaulis A/Bor.
Plants 10-—17cm high; leaves oblong-elliptic to lanceolate, 1—1.5cm
long, 0.3—0.5 cm broad, light green; calyx yellow; scalelike leaves
larger, 1—1.5 cm long and as broad; old stems few; follicles with

beak alot Jo namrloneee, FGa-C.s) «oh eteue Moyen smeaens 21. R. litvinovii A. Bor.
Flowers bisexual, sometimes dioecious, mostly 5-merous, less

often 4-merous), white, pinkish or yellow, 4—8 mm long; leaves

linear vor lanceolate pero blonioan Fyne liar eo relte: cl lolneticat a mecnnnS ue
Flowers dioecious, mostly 4-merous (less often 5-merous), yellow or
reds 3—=6 mmlone; leat shapesivar lous iets a lol oul cilal | 5p pee th.

Flowers yellow, 4—5 mm long, 4 (5)-merous; follicles green, ca. 7mm
long; leaves 1—2 mm broad, 1—2 cm long, linear, entire or with 1 or
AEESEROLS SCRE SO Chl SRD Aint Meet cat Med ois 15. R.komarovii A. Bor.
Flowers whitish or pinkish, 7-8 mm long, 5-merous; follicles

7—10 mm long, red at maturity; leaves 1.5—3 mm broad, 0.8—2 cm

long, linear to lanceolate-oblong, entire (Altai) ........«s.s.s....
MSGR Beh iar) STE TE NF 13. R.algida (Ldb.) Fisch. et Mey.
Leaves linear to lance-linear, entire or remotely dentate or coarsely
pinnate -dentates stems few, tall #25—60 tem Tome.) tens eee 125

Leaves rounded-cordate to lanceolate, dentate at apex or serrulate,
rarely subentire; stems mostly in groups from a single shoot
(7)'2.0-=301(5)) crmmblonet ASUS 10.6 2 Re. LO. Loan. tee ei 15.
Leaves alternate or in pseudo-whorls of 3, coarsely pinnate-dentate,
cuneate; rhizome 0.5—1.5 cm long; inflorescence dense, corymbiform
or umbellate, surrounded by leaves, 1.5—3cm in diameter; flowers
yellows Oricmeaim sCOlOGEE, facie nelle ches clini ta telcos) taneon ttt ee era Lis.
Leaves alternate, subentire, linear-lanceolate, basally broadened;
caudex robust, elongated; flowers brick-red or if yellow then
inflorescence spreading, 7—10 cm in diameter, and pedicels

Move yee Teo AREA Ln eRe ean AOE Goiieg Oct fe OCR TES GS ac ce 14,
Flowers cream-colored, 5—6 mm long; petals linear-lanceolate;
stamens as long as or slightly longer than corolla; hypogynous

séalles! Subquadirateekie wha s 2 12. R.stephani (Cham.) Traut. et Mey.
Flowers yellow, 6mm long; petals lanceolate or oblong -lanceolate;
stamens 1.5 times as long as corolla; hypogynous scales elongated,
longer than broad (Dau., Ang.-Say.)....... 11. R.pinnatifida A. Bor.
Flowers yellow; pedicels elongated; inflorescence spreading,
oligophyllous; leaves lance-linear to linear, 4—6 (7) cm long,

0.2—0.5 cm broad, subentire or remotely denticulate; calyx half the
length of corolla; stamens about as long as or Slightly woe Es than
petals} with yellow filaments andianthers \O% 04) ets Sey meee oles
BOE TS Te kh OL BR DMRS OY Ce eA 9, R.kirilowii (Rgl.) Maxim.
Flowers brick-red; pedicels shorter than flowers; inflorescence
compact, leafy; leaves linear-lanceolate, subentire or very remotely
dentate at the apex, basally broadened, 2—5 cm long, 0.3—0.7 cm

broad; calyx ah the length of corolla; stamens 1.5 times as long as
corolla, with red filaments and yellow anthers®\)). (20S. (fate.
oink Baga. io Petiad Gn cutbigah xenon: (1 chee ke wit eee ae LO. Re lineartfiohawk. Bor.

22

28

15. Stem leafless in upper part; inflorescence dense, corymbiform-
capitate; stamens twice as long as corolla, with red or green
filaments; leaves triangular -ovate, amplexicaul, scattered along
the stem, sometimes the upper more elongated, glaucous; flowers

Peake NO Terk Wy Ae ie rh ote R. heterodonta (Hook. et Thoms.) A. Bor.*
+ Stem leafless near inflorescence; inflorescence usually surrounded

by leaves; stamens as long as or slightly longer than corolla, the

filaments yellow or if red then flowers also red......+.-+... 16.
16. EO werSwired, antieGrS Geis sitemeter eh lich leita Neliel ele = Fellas Sh ameh ick atone We
+ Flowers yellow, anthers green ....-.-. ee ee ee eee ee ence eee hte},

17. Filaments red; leaves scattered along the stem, usually glaucous,
cuneate, oblong-elliptic; flowers 3—6 mm long. (Far East, E. Arc.:

Pe Chuk: ) PROP Spat, oe 8.R.atropurpurea (Turcz.) Trautv. et Mey.
+ Filaments yellow; leaves imbricately approximated, green, rounded -
cordate at base of the stem, more elongated above; flowers 2.5—3 mm
NOMA ee eae tk Sle eMa des sibbest > lelevelals ehlebrel s 6. R. borealis A. Bor.
Uo Leaves oblong-spatulate, elongate-rhomboid, cuneate, sometimes
subpetiolate, remotely and coarsely dentate at the apex, entire
petonye(Salsha Lin) i. 0 poi. ei deeeroe ALE 5. R.sachalinensis A. Bor.
ar Leaves rounded-ovate to elliptic or lanceolate, with broad base,
crenate, shallowly dentate-serrate or entire, rarely irregularly and
Pecdesely"Gentate™ fe. ss 2s 6 6 8 6 6 es es ee © oes 6 Ga ee Ie)
9". Leaves orbicular to oblong-ovate, imbricately approximated or
dense; flowers longer than pedicelS .......2 e222 2 eee eeee 20.
+ Leaves elliptic to lanceolate, remote, entire or remotely denticulate-
serrulate; flowers shorter than pedicels ......4...-. 2. R.rosea L.

20%. Plants 15—20 (30)cm high, 4—5 cm in diameter; scalelike crown,
leaves 5—7 mm long, 5mm broad, green, oblong-ovate, with broad
cuneate base, coarsely and irregularly dentate, dense but not
imbmicaielyrapprOximMaled 12) 2 cs... Wels 6) a le 4, R.iremelica A. Bor.

+ Plant 7-10 (15)cem high, stem 2—3 mm in diameter; scalelike crown

leaves 4mm long, 3mm broad; leaves rounded-ovate, glaucous,
amplexicaul, entire or remotely dentate; imbricately approximated.
(Novaya Zemlya, Vaigach Island, Kola Peninsula) ..... es Aa hoe gree

Section 1. CLEMENTSIA (Rose) A. Bor.— Clementsia Rose, Bull.
N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3 (1903) 3, pro gen. — Inflorescence a dense spiciform
raceme; flowers bisexual, 5-merous, white or pink, ca. 1 cm long.

1. R.semenovii (Rgl. et Herd.) A. Bor. comb. nova.— Sedum semenovii
Masters, Gard. Chron. X (1878) 267; Berger in Engl.u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a
(1930) 443.— Umbilicus semenowii Rgl.et Herd.in Bull. Soc. Nat.

Mose. XXXIX (1866) 65.— U.linifolius Ost.-Sack. et Rupr. in Mém. Ac.
Sc. Pétersb., Ser. 7, XIV (1869) 46.— U.linearifolius A. Franchet in
Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. VI, XVI (1883) 290.— Cotyledon semenovii O.et
B. Fedtsch., Consp. Fl. Turk. 3 (1909) 70.— Ic.: Praeger in Journ. Royal
Hort. Soc. (1920—1921) £.27; Frod. in Acta Horti Gothoburg. (1930) -
textfigs 134—140°

* R.viridula A.Bor.(in Addenda VIII, p. 396 should be distinguished: light green, with yellow, usually
5-merous flowers, light green leaves, larger fruit, etc. — T.Sh.(Chatkal, Talass Ala-Tau, and Bol 'shoi
Chimgan ranges). Described from the Chatkal Range. Type in Leningrad.

23

29

Perennial; caudex thick, branching, upper part covered with scaly
triangular leaves ca.5 mm long, 4mm broad, gradually passing into green
cauline leaves; stems few, 35—60 cm high, 0.5—0.6cm in diameter, rounded,
densely leafy, erect, simple; leaves linear, entire or remotely dentate,
acute, the lower leaves to 1 cm long and 2 mm broad, the middle leaves to
7 cm long and 3mm broad, the upper to 3.5cm long and 2 mm broad;
inflorescence a long, dense, spikelike raceme; flowers 5-merous, bisexual,
short-pediceled or sessile, ca. 1 cm long, with long-linear bracts; sepals
green, linear, acute, Ae as long as petals; petals white or pink, lanceolate;
stamens 10, straight, as long as petals, with white filaments and red
anthers; hypogynous scales quadrate, small; follicles straight, 1 cm long,
with long slender beak greenish white, turning red, thus reddening the
inflorescence; seeds 1 mm long, ovoid, alate. June—July.

Moist,stony soils, riverbanks, mountain forests, passes, mossy alpine
meadows and bogs up to 3,500 cm. — Centr. Asia: T.Sh., Pam.-Al. Endemic.
Described from the Trans-Ili Ala-Tau. Type in Leningrad.

Section 2. EU-RHODIOLA Schrenk in Fisch. et Mey., Enum. pl. nov.
(1841) 67. — Caudex without remnants of stems or with but one old stem,
not tufted; stems few, (2)3—6 mm in diameter; follicles apocarpous.

Series 1. Roseae Praeger, 1.c., 28, ex parte, pro grege.— Flowers yellow,
greenish, or red, dioecious, small, 3-4 mm long,4-merous; leaves rounded-
ovate to lanceolate.

2. R.rosea L., Sp. pl. (1753) 1035; Small, North. Amer. FI., v. 22, p. 1
(1905) 57.— R.elongata Fisch. et Mey. in Schrenk, Enum. pl. nov. I (1841)
83; Middend., Fl. Ochot. (1856) 39.— Sedum roseum Scop., Fl. Carn.,
ed.2,1 (1772) 326; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI, 1407; Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat.
Pflzfm. 18a (1930).440.— S.rhodiola DC., Pl. Grass. (1805) 143; Prodr.
Ill, 401.— S.altaicum G., Don, Gen. Syst. gard. and Bot. II (1834) 114.—
S.elongatum Ldb., Fl. Ross. II (1844—1846) 178 (non Wallich); Turez.,
Fl. baic.-dah. 1, 434. — Ic.: DC., 1. c¢., tabs 143, 144; Rehb., Ie. Fl. Germ.
XXIII (1898-1899) tab.41; Praeger in Journ. Hort. Soc. XLVI, f.5b; Fréd.,
Acta Horti Gothoburg. V (1930) f.102—107.

Perennial; root thick, straight; caudex short, thick, with scalelike, acute,
triangular, membranous leaves,5mm long,4mm broad; stems few,

25—30 cm, on moist soils sometimes to 50cm high, 4—6 mm in diameter;
leaves entire, at tip declinately serrate, with few teeth, acute or acuminate,
0.7—-3.5 cm long, 0.5—1.5cm broad; inflorescence dense, corymbiform,

many -flowered, 3—4 (6)cm in diameter, 2 cm long, with elongated, forked,
curved slender branches; flowers shorter than pedicels, dioecious, 4- rarely
5-merous, yellow, 3—4 mm long; sepals lance-linear, ca. 1 mm long,

1, —1/ length of petals, obtuse, yellow or greenish; petals linear or oblong,
subobtuse, yellow or greenish; stamens exceeding the petals; filaments

and anthers yellow; hypogynous scales 2—3 times as long as broad,

1—1.5 mm long, 0.5mm broad, slightly attenuate, truncate, emarginate;

al

follicles curved, greenish, 6—8 mm long, erect, lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate, with short, slender beak ca.1 mm long; seeds 2mm long,
lanceolate. May— June.

Arcto-montane plants of moist soils, riverbanks, pebbles, cliffs and
pine forests, rock crevices,rocky slopes, dunes, sandy soils in tundra. —
Arctic: Arc. Eur., Chuk., An.; European part: Dv.-Pech., V.-Kama.;

W. Siberia: Alt.; E.Siberia: Yenis., Dau., Lena-Kol.; Centr. Asia:
Dzu.-Tarb. Gen. distr.: mountains of W. Eur., Bal.-As. Min., Mong.,
China (Shansi), Dzu.-Kash., Scand. Described from Europe. Type in
Leningrad.

Note. An extremely polymorphic, widely distributed species. A
number of authors (Regel and Tiling, Maximowicz) have recognized a
series of distinct forms. We separate from R.rosea Ss. lat.:
R.arctica, R.iremelica, and R.sachalinensis as species which
have undoubtedly evolved from the widely distributed arcto-montane
R. rosea, under particular ecological conditions. R.borea WikceeAg or:
is intermediate between R.rosea Ss. lat.and R.atropurpurea §. lat.

Economic importance. Used medicinally; pharmaceutical name:
Radix Rhodia.

3. R.arctica A. Bor. sp. nova in Addenda VIII, p.357.— R.sibir ica
Sweet ex Ldb., Fl. Ross. II (1844-1846) 179, p.p.— R.rosea Fisch. et
Mey. ex Schrenk, Enum. pl. nov. I (1841) 67 (non L.).— Sedum rhodiola
Ldb., l.c.,179.— S.rhodiola var.latifolia Rgl.in Adiceywuny., IBils Ow.
Seml. (1871) 24.— Ic.: Praeger in Journ. Royal Hort. Soc. (1921) £.4;

Frod. in Acta Horti Gothoburg. V (1930) f.108—113.

Perennial; roots thick, cordlike; caudex short, 4—5 cm long, sometimes
branching, thick, with scalelike, acuminate, rounded-ovate leaves 4mm long,
3mm broad; stems 7—10 cm high, 2—3 mm in diameter, slightly curved,
often numerous; leaves glaucous-green, imbricately approximated, rounded-
ovate, acuminate, entire or remotely serrate at apex, amplexicaul;
inflorescence many -flowered, compact, ca. 2ecm in diameter, 1 cm long,
leafy; flowers 4-merous, dioecious, 3mm long, longer than pedicels;
sepals lanceolate, '/,—'/, the length of petals, subobtuse, yellow or green;
petals lanceolate, carinate, obtuse, yellow, 3mm long; stamens 8, exceeding
the petals, with bright yellow filaments and rounded anthers; hypogynous
scales ca. 1mm long, quadrate or twice as long as broad, emarginate;
ovaries straight, obsolete in staminate flowers; follicles ovoid, green,
with short beak, 4-5 mm long; seeds less than 1mm long, oblong. Fl.

July —August, fr. August — September. (Plate Ill, Figure la—b).

Stony and lichen tundra, shallows, rock crevices, clayey soils. —

Arctic: Nov. Z, Vaigach Island, Kola Peninsula. Endemic. Described
from Novaya Zemlya. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Closely related to R.rosea, from which it is distinguished
by its height,the glaucous -green coloring, shape and arrangement of
leaves, length of flowers and pedicels, and shape of hypogynous scales.

4, R.iremelica A. Bor. sp. nova in Addenda. VIII, p.358.— Sedum
roseum auct.p.p.— S.rhodiola auct.p.p.

Perennial; root thick, straight; caudex branching, robust, covered in its
upper part with scalelike, membranous, triangular, acute leaves, 5-7mm

25

32

long, 5mm broad (the upper more elongated); stems usually few, 15—20(30)cm
high, 4-5 mm in diameter; leaves approximate, green, oblong-ovate, 2—2.5cm
long, 1—-1.5 cm broad, acute, broadly cuneate-based, the whole margin
coarsely and irregularly dentate; inflorescence dense, corymbiform, 2--4 cm
in diameter, 1—1.5cm long, its branches straight, thickish, not forked,
few -flowered in pistillate plants, slender and branching in staminate plants;
flowers 4-merous, dioecious; sepals of pistillate flowers linear-lanceolate,
acute, ca. 1 mm long, in staminate flowers linear, subobtuse, ca. 1.5 mm long;
petals green, linear, subobtuse, ca. 3mm long; stamens slightly longer than
petals, with rounded anthers and filiform filaments; follicles 5—7mm long,
oblong-lanceolate, thickish with short, divergent beak, ca.0.5 mm long
(or shorter); seeds lanceolate, slightly longer than! mm. Fl. June, fr. July.-
On summits of bald mountains, rocky outcrops, shady sites. — European
part: V.-Kama,S. Urals (Iremel', collected by Shell, Litvinov, Tyulina),
Bashkir ASSR: Abzelilovskii District, Krykty-Tau Range at the latitude
of Lake Bannoe (collected by Krasheninnikov). Endemic. Described from
Irmel'. Type in Leningrad.

5. R.sachalinensis A. Bor. sp. nova in Addenda VIII, p.360.— Sedum
SO KONSI(S) WL iaalMENLVGINS Jn On — Gia avOolnnoy lel eYbIGIF. Joe Joy atolal IDIE-

Perennial; root robust, cordlike, straight; caudex 3—6 cm long, 1—3 cm
broad, densely covered with scalelike imbricate, oblong-triangular, acuminate
leaves, 0.6 cm long, 0.3cm broad, gradually passing into green leaves;
stems 2—5, 10—15 (20) cm high, 3-4 mm in diameter; leaves alternate,
oblong -spatulate, elongate-rhomboid, 2—2.5 cm long, 0.5—0.7 cm broad,
cuneate, abruptly narrowing, coarsely dentate in upper part, entire in
lower part, acute; inflorescence many ~-flowered, loose, 2—2.5 cm in diameter,
surrounded by leaves; flowers yellow, small, dioecious, 4-merous, rarely
o-merous; sepals ae the length of petals, acute, oblong; petals oblong-
lanceolate, subobtuse, 3mm long; stamens slightly longer than petals, with
yellow filaments and rounded anthers; hypogynous scales emarginate,
slightly longer than broad; follicles 4—5 mm long, lanceolate, with short
beak; seeds ovoid, ca.1 mm long,0.5mm broad. June— August. (Plate III,
Figure 2a—b).

In rock crevices and stony sites.— Far East: Sakh. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch.
(Kurile Islands). Described from Sakhalin. Type in Leningrad.

6. R.heterodonta (Hook. et Thoms.) A. Bor. comb. nova.— Sedum
heterodontum Hook. et Thoms. in Journ. Lin. Soc. Bot. II (1858) 95;
Berger in Engl.u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 430.— S.crenulatum
Hook. et Thoms. (?) in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. II (1858) 96.— Ic.: Praeger in
Journ. Royal Hort. Soc. XLVI (1920—1921), f.7; Frod. in Acta Horti Gothoburg.
(1930) pl. XIII, 2 (sub var.).

Perennial; root robust, vertical, with insignificant branching; caudex
branching, covered with scalelike subobtuse-triangular leaves 7—8 mm
long, 8mm broad; stems erect, 1—3, usually 30—40 cm, less often up to 10 cm
high, 4-5 mm in diameter; leaves remote, triangular -ovate, broadly
cordate, Sometimes the upper elongate, sessile, amplexicaul, coarsely
dentate, usually glaucous; inflorescence compact, capitate-corymbiform,
not surrounded by leaves, 1.5—2 cm in diameter, 1—1.5cm long; pedicels

26

short; flowers small, dioecious, 4-merous, 3—4 mm long (without stamens);
sepals reddish or greenish, 1.5 times as long as calyx; stamens twice as
long as petals or longer, their filaments reddish or greenish, ca.5 mm
long, the anthers yellow or reddish; the 4 episepalous stamens somewhat
shorter than the other 4; pistils with short, thickish styles, lanceolate;
hypogynous scales oblong or subquadrate, emarginate, bright red or
orange, half the length of fruit; follicles as long as petals, straight,
linear-oblong, with short, reflexed beak; seeds brown, elliptic, 1.5 mm
long. May— June. (Plate III, Figure 3a).

Stony soils, in mountains, up to 4,000 m.— Centr. Asia: T.Sh., Pam.-Al.
Gen. distr.: Ind.-Him. (NW India and Him.), Mong. (Centr. Mong. and Roe):
Dzu.-Kash., Iran. (Afghanistan). Described from the Himalayas. Type in
London.

7. R.borealis A. Bor. sp. nova in Addenda Wily pasGoj.— Siedaim
roseum auct.p.p.— S.rhodiola auct.p.p.

Perennial; roots cordlike, long, little branching; caudex branching,

1—4 em broad and aslong, its upper part covered with subobtuse, triangular -
ovate, imbricated, brown scalelike leaves 4—5 mm long, 3-5 mm broad;
stems 5—10(15)cm long, 2—3 mm in diameter, numerous, densely leafy,
slightly reflexed before anthesis; leaves rounded-cordate, entire, acute

and subopposite in lower part of stem, upper leaves alternate, more
elongated to oblong, subacute, remotely dentate near the apex; inflorescence
dense, compact, rounded, many -flowered, 1.5—2 cm in diameter, 1—1.5cm
long; flowers dioecious, 4 (5)-merous, small, 2.5—3 mm long; sepals acute,
lanceolate, half the length of petals, red, sometimes yellow at base; petals
2.5—3 mm long, carinate, red or yellowing; stamens 8—10, barely longer
than petals, with yellow filaments and rounded, yellow anthers; stamens
sometimes 4—5, in 1 whorl; pistils with erect style and clavate stigma
obsolete in staminate flowers; hypogynous scales half as broad as long,
tapering toward base, with deep apical notch; follicles 4mm long, ovoid,
with short, clavate beak; seeds 1—1.5 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, ovoid, grayish
brown. June—August.

Tundra, seashores,steep stony and dry slopes, on coarse clayey skeletal
soils. — Arctic: Arc. Sib. (Yenis., Yakutsk area, Dikson Island). Endemic.
Described from near the village of Dudinka. Type in Leningrad.

Note. This species is probably of ancient hybrid origin, a cross
between R.rosea and R.atropurpurea but with fixed hereditary
properties and a definite distribution area.

8. R.atropurpurea (Turcz.) Trautv. et Mey. in Middend., Fl. Ochot. (1856)
39.—Sedum atropurpureum Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Mosc. 1 (1840) 13, 70;
Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 179; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II, 200.—Sedum roseum var.
atropurpureum Praeger in Berger in Engl.u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a
(1930) 440.— Ic.: Praeger in Journ. Royal Hort. Soc. (Wo? I)afasies

Perennial; root vertical, few-branched; caudex elongated, covered with
scalelike oblong, acute leaves 5—6 mm long, 3—4 mm broad; stems numerous,
somewhat reflexed, 10—20 (25)cm high, 2—5 (7)cm [sic] in diameter; leaves
scattered along the stem, cuneate,usually acute, denticulate, coarsely
dentate or subentire, 1.5—3 cm long, 0.5—0.8 cm broad, oblong-elliptic,

27

34

30

usually glaucous; inflorescence ca.2—5 cm in diameter, ca.1.5—-2.5 cm
long, surrounded by leaves; flowers dark purple, shorter than or as long as
pedicels, 3-6 cm long, dioecious, sometimes bisexual, 4- or 5-merous;
sepals red, linear or lanceolate, acute, broadening toward base, LZ) Ore
4—5 mm long; petals oblong-elliptic or lanceolate, obtuse, 3—4 or 5-6 mm
long; stamens with red filaments and rounded yellow or yellow-red anthers,
as long as or slightly longer than petals; hypogynous scales oblong or
quadrate, emarginate or nonemarginate, dark red, thickened; follicles
ca.8mm long with long straight or slightly reflexed styles, oblong-ovoid;
seeds 1—2 mm long, lanceolate or oblong-ovoid, dark brown. MayW— June.

Taluses, rocks, gravels, river valleys; singly or in groups.— Arctic:
An., Chuk.; Far East: Kamech., Okh., Uda. Gen.distr.: N. Am., Alaska,
Rocky Mountains (?). Described from the Okhotsk territory. Typed
Leningrad.

Note. Highly polymorphic, undoubtedly a collective species, but owing
to lack of adequate material it cannot be separated into its components.

Clearly differentiated specimens have been collected in the vicinity
of the port of Ayan and the Okhotsk coast near Taui Bay; f.ochotensis
A. Bor. is characterized by larger 5—6 mm long flowers, may -flowered
inflorescence, quadrate hypogynous scales, shape of leaves which are
predominantly coarsely dentate, etc.

Series 2. Linearifoliae A. Bor. Flowers yellow, cream-colored or
red, 3-6 mm long, 4- or 5-merous, dioecious, less often bisexual; leaves
linear to linear-lanceolate.

9, R. kirilowii Rgl. ex Maxim., Pr. Fl. Amur. Suppl. Ind. Fl. Pekin. (1859)
472.—Sedum kirilowii Rgl.in Rgl. et Tiling, Fl. Ajanensis (1858) 92 in
adnot., No.114; Maxim. Bull. Acad. Pétersb. 29 (1883) 128; Fedtsch. O. et
B., Consp. Fl. Turk. 3 (1909) 72; Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a
(1930) 440.— S.elongatum Kar. et Kir., Enum. pl. Song. (1841), No. 360;
Ldb. Fl. Ross. Il, 178 p.p.— Ic.: Praeger in Journ. Royal Hort. Soc. (1921) f.8;
Frod. in Acta Horti Gothoburg. (1930) pl. XIV, textfig. 133.

Perennial; root thick, vertical; caudex thickened, 1.5 cm broad, in its
upper part, with scalelike 4 mm long,2 mm broad triangular,acute membranous
leaves; stems few (1—2), (15)40—50 cm high, 4—5 mm thick, densely leafy;
leaves alternate, sessile, linear to linear-lanceolate, 4—6 (7) cm long,
0.2—0.5 cm broad, remotely dentate, rarely subentire, acute; inflorescence
corymbiform, many -flowered, spreading, 7-10 cm in diameter; flowers
dioecious, 4- or 5-merous, 3mm long; staminate flowers shorter, pistillate
flowers longer than pedicels; sepals linear, acute, half the length of petals;
petals linear-lanceolate, broadened in upper part, greenish yellow; stamens
as long as or longer than petals, with yellow filaments and anthers; pistils
as long as petals; hypogynous scales oblong, twice as long as broad,
emarginate or subobtuse, yellow, about as long as pistil; follicles 4-5 mm
long, straight, green, with short beak; seeds 2mm long, ovoid. March— May.

Rock crevices, slopes, passes.— Centr. Asia: T.Sh. (Narym Range,
Terskei Ala-Tau), Pam.-Al. (Alai Range). Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch. (N. China),
Tib., Dzu.-Kash. Described from Peking, after specimens collected by
Kirilov. Type in Leningrad.

Economic importance. Ornamental; overwinters very well in Leningrad.

28

10. R. linearifolia A. Bor. sp.n. in Addenda VIII, p.360.— Sedum
kirilowii var. linifolium Rgl. et Schmalh.in Acta Horti Petrop. V
(1877) 583.— S.linifolium rubrum hort.; IBY a, ©) (Glin @ IL yea fal al wo) Mike)
rubra hort.— Ic.: Rgl., Gartenfl.t.1080 sub S.kirilowii; Praeger in
Journ. Royal Hort. Soc. (1921) f.9.

Perennial; root thickened, caudex robust, covered in upper part with
scalelike, triangular, acuminate leaves, 0.6 mm long,0.5mm broad. Dark
green plants with 1-3 stems 25—30 cm high, 4—6 mm thick, sulcate; leaves
alternate, linear-lanceolate, broadened toward base, 2—5 em long, 3—T em
broad, with very sparse teeth confined to the apex, or else entire, sessile,
acuminate; inflorescence corymbiform, many -flowered, compact, usually
leafy, 1.5—5 cm in diameter, 1.5cm long; flowers dioecious, sometimes
bisexual, mostly 5, rarely 4-merous; pedicels shorter than flowers; sepals
linear, acuminte, a the length of petals, greenish; leaves linear -lanceolate,
4mm long, subobtuse, brick red; stamens 1.5 times as long as petals, with
red filaments and bright yellow anthers; hypogynous scales subquadrate,
emarginate, half the length of pistils; follicles 6—6mm long, 1.5—2 times
as long as petals, with short beak. May— July.

Forest meadows, forest edges, on rocks up to 3,000 m. — Centr. Asia:

‘Ws Sia (Narym, Aleksandrovskii [Kirghiz], and Trans-Ili Ala-Tau ranges.
Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described from the vicinity of Alma-Ata,
Bozyngen Pass. Type in Leningrad.

Note. R.linearifolia A. Bor.has been confused with R.kirilowii
Rgl., described from the vicinity of Peking, and known to occur in the
Chinese provinces of Kansu, Szechwan, and Chihli [Hopeh], in Tibet (Kham
Province), in Kashgaria, and in the USSR in the Narym, Terskei Ala-Tau,
Karakol, and Alai ranges. In the Soviet Union the two species occur
together; however, R.linearifolia does not penetrate further than
Kashgaria. Praeger has obtained hybrids of the two species with pale
orange flowers or with yellow petals, sepals, and fruitlets and with dark red
filaments. The same species also appear to form hybrids in nature.

Economic importance. A popular ornamental species.

11. R.pinnatifida A. Bor. sp. nova in Addenda VIII, p. 361.— Sedum
dentatum Steph. p.p.in herb., non DC.

Perennial; root cordlike, little branching; caudex short, 1—l.o9cm
long, 1.5—2 cm broad, covered with scalelike, oblong -triangular, acute
brown leaves, 4—5 mm long, 3-4 mm broad; stems 2—4, arising from each
branching of the caudex, 15—20cm high, 3—4 mm in diameter, erect, densely
leafy; leaves lanceolate to linear -lanceolate, coarsely, deeply pinnately,
and irregularly dentate, alternate, in pseudo-whorls of three, X=3},9) Cian
long, 3—5 mm broad, gradually tapering toward base, acuminate; inflorescence
dense, umbelliform, many -flowered, surrounded by leaves, 2.5 cm in
diameter, 1.5 cm long; flowers 4-merous, dioecious, smaller than pedicels;
sepals 4mm long, 7/; the length of petals, acuminate, lanceolate, yellow-green;
petals 6 mm long, lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, yellow, subobtuse;
stamens 8,1.5 times longer than petals, with yellow filaments and rounded
yellowish-greenish anthers; hypogynous scales elongated, 1 mm long, 0.5 mm
broad: follicles ca. 7mm long, oblong-lanceolate, tapering into a beak;
seeds oblong, slightly more than 2 mm long, ca. 1 mm broad, subobtuse,
brown. Fl. June— August, fr. July — August.

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37

Gravelly, argillaceous, moistened soils, often near riverbeds, in
floodplains, on alpine meadows in bald mountains. E.Siberia: Dau.,
Ang.-Say. Gen.distr.: Mong. Described from Transbaikalia
(Mt. Sokhondo). Type in Leningrad.

Note. See note on R.stephani (Cham.) Trautv. et Mey.

12. R.stephani (Cham.) Trautv. et Mey. in Middend., Fl. Ochotens. (1856)
39.— Sedum stephani Cham. Linnaea VI (1831) 549 p.p.; Ldb., Fl. Ross.
Il, 178; Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 442.— S.dentatum
Steph. 'p.’p. ex 'Cham., l.c.— Chamaerhodiola stepha ni Nak Repaiest
Scient. exped. to Manchoukuo IV (1934) 31.— Ic.: Praeger in Journ. Hort.
Soc. (1921) £. 23.

Perennial; root thickened, cordlike, branching; caudex short, few-
branched, ca. 0.5—1 cm broad, covered with scalelike, triangular,
subobtuse leaves, 5mm broad,5 mm long; stems few, 10—25 cm high,
ca. (2.5)5 mm in diameter; leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3-5 cm
long, (3)6—8 mm broad, acuminate, coarsely and deeply dentate, cuneate at
base, entire below, pale green; inflorescence dense, (1.5) 2—3 cm in diameter,
leafy, with few branches; flowers 4 (5)-merous, dioecious, pedicels shorter
than flowers; sepals linear, '/,—/ as long as petals, greenish yellow; petals
cream-colored or whitish, obtuse, linear-lanceolate, 5—6 mm long; stamens
as long as or slightly longer than petals, with pale yellow, whitish filaments
and pale yellow, sometimes pinkish anthers; stamens opposite to petals,
shorter than petals; ovaries lanceolate, gradually broadening toward base,
with elongated erect style and thickened stigma; hypogynous scales
subquadrate; follicles green or reddish, oblong-lanceolate, erect, 7-10 mm
long, with straight beak, ca.1 mm long; seeds obovoid, ca. 2 mm long, brown.
Fl. June — August, fr. July — August.

Forest edges, moist forests, seashores, river valleys.— Far East: Okh.,
Uda. Endemic. Described according to specimen from Willdenow's
herbarium, collected by Redovskii as No. 8910, and bearing the erroneous
indication of Kamchatka, where Redovskii had never been and where
S.stephani does not occur. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Chamisso considered Sedum dentatum Steph. in herb.
from Transbaikalia as identical with the Okhotsk species. The appellation
S.dentatum Steph. could not be retained, for there already existed a
S.dentatum DC.in the Caucasus, therefore Chamisso was undoubtedly
wrong in describing S.stephani as an Okhotsk and Transbaikalia species.
R.stephani s.str. is characteristic for the Far East. A closely related
species growing in Transbaikalia, R.pinnatifida A. Bor.,is differentiated
by color of corolla (yellow flowers, cream-colored or whitish in
R.stephani), color of leaves, longer stamens, shape of hypogynous scales,
and a number of other characters.

Series 3. Algidae A. Bor.— Flowers bisexual, 5-, less often 4-merous;
leaves linear to oblong-lanceolate.

13. R.algida (Ldb.) Fisch. et Mey. in Schrenk; Enum. pl. nov. I (1841) 70.—

Sedum algidum Ldab., Fl. alt. II (1830) 194; Fl. Ross. II,177; Kryl., Fl.
Zap. Sib. VI, 1406; Berger in Engl.u. Pr., Nat. Pilzfm.18a (1930) 442. —

30

38

S.euphorbioides ‘Schlecht. ex Ldb., Fl. Ross. I (1844-1846) 177.—
Chamaerhodiola algida Nakai, Rep. of the first Scient. exped. to
Manchoukuo, Sect. IV (1934) 30.— Ic.: Ldb., Ic. Pl. Fl. Ross. V (1834)
tab. 418.

Perennial; root thick, long; caudex multicipital, covered with scalelike,
triangular, acute leaves; stems numerous, erect or spreading, densely
leafy, 6-18 cm high, 1.5—2.5mm in diameter; leaves alternate, sessile, flat,
linear-oblong or linear, entire, bluntly acuminate, 8-20 mm long, 1.5—3 mm
broad; inflorescence a dense simple corymb; flowers 5-, rarely 4-merous,
usually bisexual, sometimes pistils obsolete, about as long as pedicels;
sepals ca.4mm long, reddish, linear-oblong, obtuse; corolla large,

1,5—2 times the length of calyx; petals ovate-lanceolate, bluntly acuminate,
7—8 mm long, white or dingy pink; stamens 10, slightly shorter than or
about as long as petals; inner stamens connate to up of their length;
anthers rounded; pistil with short style; hypogynous scales emarginate,
subquadrate, ca.0.5 mm long; follicles 7-10 mm long, dark red, the style
filiform, reflexed, short, persistent; fruit with persistent perianth lobes;
seeds brown, 2mm long, lanceolate. June— July.

Alpine zone, rocks, stony slopes, near glaciers, on ancient moraines,
pebbly lichen tundras, near streams on moistened sites. — W. Siberia,

Alt. Gen.distr.: Mong.(NW Mong.). Described from Altai. Type in
Leningrad.

14. R. komarovii A. Bor. sp. nova in Addenda, VIII, p.362.— Sedum
polytrichoides Kom.,non Hemsl.in Kom. and Alis., Opr. rast.
Dal'nevost. kraya I (1931) 601.

Perennial; roots slender; caudex long, slender, 0.5—0.7 cm broad,
covered in its upper part with acute, scalelike leaves, 2—3 mm long, 2-3 mm
broad at base; stems 3—4, glabrous, densely leafy, ca.10cm long, 1 mm
thick; leaves alternate, approximate, linear, subterete, fleshy, broader in
upper part, entire, Sometimes with 1 or 2 teeth, subobtuse, 1—2 cm long,
1—2 mm broad, green; inflorescence leafy, ca.1 cm in diamter, 1—5-flowered,
corymbiform, terminal, with 2—4 branches; pedicels shorter than flowers;
flowers bisexual, sometimes pistils obsolete, 4 (5)-merous, 4—5 mm long;
sepals narrow, linear, acuminate, 1.5—2 mm long, green, '/, — */, times as
long as petals; petals lanceolate-elliptic to lanceolate, subobtuse, pale
yellow, persistent in fruit; epipetalous stamens shorter than petals, the
episepalous as long as petals; hypogynous scales broader than long;
follicles 7mm long, lanceolate, the 2mm style reflexed; seeds dark
brown, nearly black, oblong, ca.2mm long,acute. June—July.

Rocky slopes, crevices of moist, shady rocks, bluffs, at more than
1,000 m.— Far East: Uss. (Khualaza volcano, collected by T. Shishkin).
Endemic. Probably occurs in the adjacent part of Manchuria. Described
from the Far East (Khualaza in the Suchan district). Type in Leningrad.

Note. Closely related to the Himalayan S.crassipes Wallich, from
which it is distinguished by larger, more robust caudex and stem, entire or
subentire leaves, few-flowered inflorescence, Shape and size of leaves; it
has been confused with Sedum polytrichoides Hemsl., section
Genuina, which it resembles in habitus, though differing sharply by the
presence of a caudex with scalelike leaves.

31

39

40

Section 3. CHAMAE-RHODIOLA Schrenk in Enum. pl. nov. 1 (1841) 69. —
Caudex thick, surrounded by a mass of persistent stems forming a tuft;
stems numerous, slender, 1—2 mm in diameter; follicles connate at base.

Series 1. Integerrimae A. Bor.— Leaves linear to oblong, entire.

15. R. quadrifida (Pall.) Fisch. et Mey. in Schrenk, Enum. pl. nov. I (1841)
69.—Sedum quadrifidum Pall., Reise III (1776) Anh. 730; Ldb., Fl.
Ross. 11,1775 Pedtsch: O: et B:,.Conspy fl. Turk.3, (13 Berger invenelage
Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 442.— Chamaerhodiola quadrifida
Nakai, Rep. of the first Scient. exped. to Manchoukuo sect. IV, I, (1934) 310), =
Ic.: Pallas; l. c., tab. P., f. 1A; Fred. in Acta Horti ‘Gothoburg. V (1930)
pl. U, textfig. 43—47.

Perennial; root long, reddish, thick; caudex 1—3 cm thick, multicipital,
black-brown, covered with scalelike, triangular, brown leaves 4mm broad,
4mm long and with persistent old stems; stems slender, 0.5—1 mm thick,
in age often turning black or red, capilliform, numerous, 3—10 (15)em high,
densely leafy, more or less erect, strict; leaves alternate, sessile, linear,
subterete, fleshy, entire, acute, 5—8 (12) mm long, 1 mm broad, usually erect;
inflorescence few-flowered, corymbiform, ca. 1 cm in diameter; flowers
dioecious, usually 4-merous, small;as long as or longer than pedicels;
sepals 3mm long, linear-lanceolate, obtuse, greenish; petals oblong-obovate,
yellow, sometimes reddening at the apex, often drying green, obtuse, ca.4 mm
long; stamens 8,as long as or slightly longer than petals, with yellow
filaments and anthers; hypogynous scales lanceolate-oblong, emarginate,
red, nearly half the length of petals; follicles ca.5 mm long, lanceolate,
erect, the short beak slightly reflexed or erect, dark red at maturity;
seeds 2 mm long, alate, brown, oblong. May— June.

Alpine zone, less often in Polar-Arctic regions, pebbly or mossy lichen-
tundras, rocks, stony slopes, taluses near glaciers. — Arctic: Arc. Sib.,
(Urals), Arc. Eur.; W. Siberia: Alt.; E.Sib.: Dau., Ang. -Say., Lena-Kol.
Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Tannu-Ola, Mong. Described from the S. Urals
and Mt. Sokhondo in Dauria. Cotype in Leningrad.

Note. A form with reddish flowers occurs sometimes in the Altai.
R.coccinea (Royle) A. Bor. was considered a synonym of R.quadrifida
F.and M. The latter Central Asian species extends to the northeast
as far as the Saur Range.

16. R. kashgarica A. Bor. sp. nova in Addenda VIII, p. 362.

Perennial; root slender, grayish, cordlike; caudex multicipital, branching,
ca.0.5—1 cm in diameter, with remnants of preceding year's stems and
scalelike, triangular, acuminate leaves, 2-5 mm long, 3—5 mm broad; stems
reflexed, divergent, numerous, 3—5 (10)cm high, 0.5—1 mm in diameter, the
old stems grayish; leaves alternate, subhorizontally spreading, oblong or
linear-lanceolate, slightly narrowing toward base, sessile, fleshy, 3-10 mm
long, 1—2 mm broad, entire, subobtuse; inflorescence few-flowered, compact
or rather loose, corymbiform or multicipital, 0.5—1 cm in diameter,
0.4—0.6 cm high; flowers subsessile or pedicels shorter than flowers,
elongating in fruit; flowers mostly 4-, rarely 5-merous, dioecious, golden-
yellow, ca.3mm long; sepals linear, acute, ap as long as or subequal to

32

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petals; petals 3—4 mm long, oblong-lanceolate, constricted at the apex,
subobtuse; stamens slightly shorter than to slightly exceeding petals,

with yellow filaments and rounded yellow anthers; pistils obsolete in
staminate flowers; hypogynous scales subquadrate or more elongated;
follicles 3—4 mm long, ovoid, with short, reflexed beak; seeds ca. 1.5mm
long, lanceolate, brown. June— July. (Plate II, Figure 5a). Rock streams,
rocks, and old moraines in the high-mountain zone. — Centr. Asia: T.Sh.
(the part of Lake Chatyr-Kul adjacent to Kashgaria, Aksai River).

Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. (Kashgar). Described from the Billuli River in
Kashgaria. Type in Leningrad.

17. R.pamiroalaica A. Bor. sp. nova in Addenda VIII, p. 363.

Perennial; root robust, thick; caudex robust, woody, 1.5—3 cm broad,
with remnants of preceding year's stems and scalelike, membranous,
triangular-lanceolate, acuminate leaves (4)6—8 mm long, (1.5)3—6 mm
broad; stems curved, numerous, 10—20 (30) cm long, 2mm in diameter,
suleate in lower part; leaves alternate, remote, linear, linear-lanceolate to
lanceolate, broadening toward base, sessile, fleshy, 0.7—1.5 cm long,

1.5—2 mm broad, entire, acuminate; inflorescence many -flowered, dense,
less often loose or few-flowered, corymbiform-paniculate, 0.5—1 cm

lous, I—1'.5 (2)em in diameter, bracteate; flowers 5-sometimes 6-merous,
dioecious, pale yellow, ca.4mm long; as long as or longer than pedicels;
sepals lanceolate or linear, subobtuse, 2 mm long, greenish yellow; petals
subobtuse, lanceolate or linear, 4mm long, pale yellow; stamens shorter
than petals, filaments pale yellow; anthers rounded, yellow; hypogynous
scales quadrate, entire at the tip or slightly emarginate; follicles

ca. 4 (6)mm long, oblong, with straight filiform beak, ca. 1mm long; in
mature fruit beak sometimes reflexed; seeds 2mm long, 0.5mm broad,
lanceolate, brown. Fl. June— July, fr. June— August. (Plate ITI, Figure 6a—b).

Stony soils, pebbles in the alpine zone. — Centr. Asia: T.Sh. (district
of Karakol), Pam.-Al. (Shugnan, Darvaz, Pamir, Alai Range). Gen. distr.:
Dzu.-Kash. (Kuldja, Kashgaria), W. Mong. Described from the Vanch
River in Darvaz. Type in Leningrad.

18. R. coccinea (Royle) A. Bor. comb. nov. — Sedum coccineum Royle,
Illustr. Bot. Himal. I (1839) 223.— S.quadrifidum auct.— Ic.: Royle,
es, tabwtoa, fyo.

Perennial; root long, thick; caudex thick, branching, multicipital, gray -
brown, covered with scalelike, rounded-triangular, brown leaves 6—8 mm
broad, ca.5 mm long, and with remnants of old stems; stems slender,
1.5—2 mm thick, not blackening in age, not capillaceous, 5—15 cm high,
densely leafy, erect or curved; leaves alternate, sessile, lanceolate,
fleshy, entire, subobtuse, 5-6 mm long, 1—1.5mm broad; inflorescence
corymbiform, compact, few-flowered, 0.8—1 cm in diameter; flowers
dioecious, ca. 4mm long, usually 5 (4)-merous, longer than pedicels; sepals
?/, as long as corolla, oblong, subobtuse, red; petals oblong-ovate red,
obtuse, constricted at the apex, ca.4mm long; stamens 10 (8), shorter
than petals, with rounded yellow anthers and red filaments; hypogynous
scales oblong, '/, as long as petals; follicles ovoid or oblong-ovoid, red,

33

42

with thick, very short reflexed beak; seeds 1—1.5 mm long, brown, oblong.
June =July.

Alpine belt, stony soils, rocks, at up to 2,000 m.— Centr. Asia: T.Sh.,
Dzu.-Tarb. (Saur Range, Muztau Range), Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash.
(Kuldja, Kashmir). Described from Kashmir. Type in London.

Nome: o See wnotesmeferring toshiqwaidir tindia (Pall.) F.et M.

Series 2. Oblongae A. Bor. Leaves oval or oblong-elliptic, denticulate
or dentate or Subentire.

19. R.gelida Schrenk, Enum. pl. nov.I (1841) 67.—Sedum gelidum
Ldb., Fl. Ross. II (1844-1846) 177; Fedtsch. O. et B., Consp. Fl. turk. 3 (1909)
(li Karvety Kir.) Enum) pl sens: (1842), No.346.— Chamaerhodiola
gelida Nakai in Rep. first Scient. exped. Manchoukuo sect. IV, I (1934) 30.—
Ic.: Fréd. in Acta Horti Gothoburg. V (1930) textfig. 76—86.

Perennial; root robust, vertical; caudex thick, multicipital, 2—7 cm long,
0.5—0.8 cm broad, covered with scalelike, acuminate, triangular-ovate leaves
in upper part; leaves 0.5—0.7cm long, 0.4 cm broad at base; stems
numerous, those from the preceding year persisting on the caudex,

3—5 (10)cm high, slender, 1 mm in diameter, curved; leaves alternate, flat,
ovate-oblong, denticulate or subentire, 0.6—1 cm long, 2—5 mm broad near
middle of leaf; inflorescence 1—2 cm in diameter, 1—1.5 cm long, usually
many -flowered, dense; flowers dioecious, usually 4-, less often 5-merous,
4—5 mm long, longer than the short, thick pedicels; sepals lanceolate or
oblong-elliptic, subobtuse, 3mm long, yellow; petals obtuse, lanceolate or
oblong-elliptic, 4mm long, yellow; stamens 8, less often 10, slightly longer
than petals, their yellow filaments adnate to petals through much of their
length; ovary with a recurved style at the tip; stigma disk-shaped;
hypogynous scales elongated, 3 times as long as broad, yellow, mostly
emarginate; follicles 4—5 mm long, reddish, with divergent short beak;
seeds ca.1.5mm long, lanceolate, brown. Fl. June—July, fr. July—September.

Alpine zone, stony-pebbly rock streams, rock crevices, alpine tundra. —
Centr. Asia: T.Sh. (often), Dzu.-Tarb. (more rarely), Pam. -Al. (Alai and
Trans-Alai ranges). Gen.distr.: Mong.(W.). Described from Dzhil-
Karagai, Dzungaria. Type in Leningrad.

20. R.recticaulis A. Bor. sp. nova in Addenda VIII, p. 364.

Perennial; root thick, woody; caudex robust, multicipital, 3—4 (6)cm
broad, with separate branches, ca. 1.5 cm broad, covered in its upper part
with brownish, membranous, scalelike, triangular, obtuse leaves ca. 1 cm
long and 1 cm broad, the upper scalelike leaves longer and the lower
broader; stems numerous, those from the preceding year persisting,

(8) 12-15 cm high, 1.5—2 mm in diameter, mostly erect, slightly sulcate,
leafy; leaves alternate, oval to oval-oblong, coarsely dentate, acuminate,
0.8—1 cm long, 0.2—0.3 cm broad, erect, dark green; inflorescence dense,
compact, many -flowered, more rarely few-flowered, corymbiform, capitate,
ca. 1.5—2 cm in diameter, leafy; flowers dioecious, 4-merous, small,

longer than pedicels; sepals half as long as petals, oval, obtuse, reddish or
red; petals oblong-elliptic, obtuse, 4mm long, yellow; stamens longer than

34

fruit,

2—R.sachalinensis A.Bor.:

1— Rhodiola arctica A.Bor.:

PLATE Iil.

a) fruit, b) flower;

3 — R.-heterodonta (Hook.et Thoms.) A. Bor.:

4—R.litvinovii A.Bor.:

a) flower;
6—R.pamiroalaica A.Bor.:

b) flower;

a) flower, b) fruit.

a) flower;

5—R.kaschgarica A.Bor.:

a) fruit;

35

45

46

petals, with yellow filaments and rounded anthers; hypogynous scales
subquadrate, nonemarginate; pistils with disk-shaped stigma; follicles with
a Short beak; seeds 2mm long, 0.5 mm broad, oblong, brown. Fl. June—
August, fr. July — September.

Alpine meadows in the high-mountain alpine zone. — Centr. Asia:
Pam.-Al. (often in Darvaz, Shugnan, Vakhan, Pamir, less often in Trans-
Alai and Alai ranges), T. Sh. (in the part adjacent to Kashgaria, district
of Karakol). Gen.distr.: Iran. (Afghanistan), Dzu.-Kash. Described from
the Koitezek Pass inthe Pamir. Type in Leningrad.

Note. The Pamir-Alai species is closely related to R.gelida
Schrenk, from which it is distinguished by its much larger scalelike
leaves, red sepals, robust, woody caudex, greater height, erect, more robust
stems, and shape of hypogynous scales. The Tien Shan species R.gelida
Schrenk penetrates into the Pamir-Alai only fromthenorth; R.recticaulis
A. Bor. penetrates into Tien Shan only in its eastern part (district of
Karakol).

21. R.litvinovii A. Bor. sp. nova in Addenda VIII, p. 364.

Perennial; root thick, ca. 30 cm long and ca.2 cm broad in its upper part;
caudex robust, multicipital, 3-4 cm long, ca.1—2 cm broad, with few old
stems, covered in its upper part with triangular, ovate, light yellow,
membranous, large, acuminate leaves 1—1.5 cm long, 1—1.5 cm broad at
base, the upper, Scalelike leaves longer, the lower short, broad,
semiorbicular; stems numerous, 10—17cm long, slightly sulcate, erect,
rather densely leafy, 2—4 mm in diameter; leaves alternate, flat, elliptic,
with obtuse, unequal, deep teeth, entire only toward base, with cuneate,
petiolate base, subobtuse, 1—1.5 cm long, 0.3—0.5 cm broad, all leaves erect,
pale green, always drying yellow-green; inflorescence dense, many -flowered,
compact, 2—2.5 cm in diameter, 1—1.5cm long, leafy; flowers yellow,

4- or 5-merous, dioecious, small, ca.4mm long, as long as or longer than
pedicels; stamens longer than petals, with yellow filaments and rounded
yellow anthers; hypogynous scales quadrate, entire at the apex; follicles
ca.8 mm long, gradually passing into a long filiform beak 1—1.5 mm long;
seeds 1.5—2 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, oblong-lanceolate, brown. Fl. June—
July, fr. June— August. (Plate Ill, Figure 4a).

Stony and pebbly soils, mountain passes, near glaciers in the alpine
zone.— Centr. Asia: T.Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Mong.(N.and W.).,
Dzu.-Kash. Described from the Kenkol Pass in the Andizhan District.
Type in Leningrad.

Genus 699. SEDUM * L.
L. Gen., pl. ed. 5 (1754) 197.

Flowers yellow, white, pink, red, rarely sky-blue, mostly 5-merous, more
rarely (4)6—9-merous; petals connate only at base or free; stamens twice
as many or of Samenumber as petals; stamens opposite to petals usually adnate
to petals at base; fruit an aggregate follicle; follicles as many as petals,

* From the Latin sedare, to pacify — the succulent leaves are used as an analgesic for wounds — or from
sedere, to sit — many species are prostrate.

36

many -seeded, with short beak. Annuals and perennials of various aspect.
Most species of the Sedum genus are distributed throughout the Temperate
Zone of the northern hemisphere, mainly in Eurasia; Sedum is most

widely distributed in the Himalayas, China, and Japan. The eastern and
southeastern parts of N. Am. contain more species than the western part;
only single species occur in the southern hemisphere (Centr. Afr.,
Madagascar, 5S. Am.).

ilges

+

eC)

Perennials with thick, short caudex or with tuberous, fusiform and
Woody, TOOLSTOrnWwith, Creeping ThiZomiey.-”-feNe ya ts) tele ieveceiie hs) =): Dis
Annuals, less often biennials, with slender roots; leaves alternate,
mostly semiterete or terete, less often rather flat, linear or
lanceolate, rarely to oblong-ovate. (Section 5. Epeteium

Te Reel aise lhe Chee hake teks SPeaeey Se SR ate Mae ee ek eo Bi
Under shrubs with woody roots and stems lignifying from base;
leaves flat, ovate, petiolate, coarsely and unequally dentate.

(Section 2. Populisedum Berger)...... 16. S.populifolium Pall.
Herbs, not usually with woody roots, their above -ground parts
decaying annually,or elsevevergreen .. 4). 0). ee es ee se 2 2 3.

Plants with creeping rhizome, usually evergeen, cespitose at base,
sometimes with white globose underground buds; stem ereeping,
ascending or erect, branching from base; leaves semiterete or
scalelike, thickened or flat, spatulate, but then with white, pinkish,
Balpcddich flowera. a(Section 44) Miasle dum. Boiss.) teas. - . ile
Plants with thickened roots or with short rhizome and tuft of

slender roots or with long creeping rhizome, but then flowers

yellow; stems erect or ascending, not branching, less often
subprostrate; leaves flat, ovate to lance iiGMeair yaveetere) eer =f led eae 4.
Flowers yellow; roots not tuberous; rhizome short or else long,
creeping, rooting, but then plants evergreen, leaves oblong-oval to
linear or lanceolate. (Section 3. Aizoon Koch) ere hee. finns 34.
Flowers greenish, white, pink, or red; roots thick, tuberous, fusiform,
or else rhizome short, inconspicuous, with tuft of slender roots;
leaves rounded to oblong-elongate. (Section 1. Telephium

Sep MC itis. Pope taly “atertntouls ye "Thay ene tei te Mei fatlains Ketone Se licelte® cies 2 fatty « 40.
Flowers 4- or 5-merous; stamen 4—5, sometimes also 4 (5)

ISLES, ae eee Wie BERL Etta hed Pees oe ohne \nmtagee Pek er mens) * 6.
Flowers 5- or 6-merous, less often 7—9-merous; Stamens 10—12
(LETS he el deel ein int bap ie iy Pes aderet eb pear) ean ba oho cE 9,
Galyaiexecedinge corolla yi: 0. es Sei. teh eye tssecm Goeye es soe eh on eS = qs
Galyxishorter than corollas 20.) leit vee inal eile oa Wel we) ats) eis vs 8.
Sepals glabrous, linear-terete or oblong-ovate; leaves glabrous

or sparsely ciliate-margined. (Caucasus, Central Asia)uee. > .
Me oie Lae eee age a ie cae tha IRS es & aes * JO. CetraIme uml slnauly.
Sepals ciliate, ovate; leaves ciliate. (EhucetiCrimt jee 2. eee Ae.
paganiel cher ons ee eS ek eS Eee Bie bia eles ee ee Meet eumeNnGe — iit,

Subglabrous plants 2—6 cm high; leaves broadly elliptic to ovate,
imbricate; calyx 1/,—'/, as long as petals, glandular -pubescent;
flowers 4, rarely 5“mierous ......). +. 52. S.rubrum (L.) Thell.
Glandular -pubescent, succulent, glabrous reddish plants 5—15cm

high; leaves oblong-linear, semiterete; calyx '/,—'/; as long as
perils: towers D-MIGrOUS wh «5 62s eso sm ew 51. S.rubens L.

3H

48

14,

15.

GE

ar

20.

(3).

Pedicels Vongcert than) PlOwie ws) Maeaueire wets neksh clue keinei nse enema iay ILO).
Pedicels shorter than or as long as flowers or else flowers

ESEISiciial See ep eplay Ae? fave apbemieahe hich opal calel heb alzon eM leita ot aula te ete i iae iota Tamika ie oe cele
Glandular-pubescent plants; petals pink....... 48. S.villosum L.
Glabrous plants; petals yellow....... eon ss (003 Stinanum Bosse
Flowers yellow. Arcto-alpine species .........49. S.annuum L.
Plowers white, pinkish) meddish Vor ereenisi ue jen len suena EEN ie) alee
Glabrous, reddish-brown plants; corolla greenish white or greenish
Bink, MEW O DE) yh AUR Nde ueieeihs belt ae eee ‘wis «0.415 S.atratun es
Glandular-pubescent, green plants, sometimes reddening; corolla
Whites pink, Orlone erillcina ee iialcn aie isbue yal side tes dees ere : 13%
Flowers on pedicels 3—4mm long; follicles connate nearly fo the
middle; inflorescenceja regular corymb) (; .s.0-)-) ss) ateda cee eee
SFR EY Sh AGS HIER A RENY: Be ea atekaet a, en rea ante ae yee . 46. S.corymbosum Grossh.
Flowers subsessile; follicles connate at base; inflorescence

HoaraM ucongiaakeyen vcr yi CON od Siac SMe eeeno ere Cod bec fc 14,
Follicles stellately spreading; flowers white or pinkish; petals
lanceolate, stellately Sdiv aricat Ciena i isiahed fel rest asc Ameen T5e

Follicles directed upward, the long beak 1.5 times as long as fruit;
flowers pink, 5-merous; petals narrowly lanceolate, usually

SHS SH Heid ehh A 4 oh ab by eh ote A ts eae cee has 45. S.pallidum M. B.
Flowers 5-merous; plants not branching from base, stem erect;
petals 5—6 (7) mm long; follicles 5—6 mm long, lanceolate, with a
protuberance at base ventrally. (Caucasus, Mtn. Turkm., Iran).

ache YaA Sypeiethes ey efseefceik te bay at ba fa eeinetieg rat es ANE ae 43. S.pentapetalum A. Bor.
Flowers 6 (7—9)-merous; petals 4—5 mm long; follicles 2—4mm

long, gradually tapering toward base, without conspicuous
Drotuberance fatDaSe) MA. verted aivaiver hen cy eae naan aa ak one Loe
Plants branching from base, with numerous ascending stems;

follicles 2—3mm long, rounded-ovoid or ovoid; flowers 6 (7—9)-
IMenrousee Cue atlea SUS) ieee ae eee oe 42, L.hispanicum L.
Plants with ascending solitary stem not branching from base;
follicles 4mm long, oblong-triangular, gradually broadening toward

base; flowers 6-merous. (Pam.-Al.).... 44. S.bucharicum A. Bor.
FEOWERSPVICIMOW: | 2as wel ete kets tea sites ef ira ceive, /s! val (arnron aeons Bos gas 1S.
IsbiOnGileietsy \yidauey, jose) One WEE 5 4 a ag oc Kids dial \chheuhel items wer noee Pee ears Zak
Leaves ovate, convex on the back, obtuse, without basal appendage;

ON SrOIal eS) aeyoyist ll Byrds laa SS Bo ee Sk Gee oo wis. Oty Claere is

Leaves linear or lance-linear, terete or semiterete, with or without
basal appendage; flowering shoots 8—25 (40)cm high ........ 19.
Leaves with basal appendage; follicles erect; fruiting shoots erect,
much tongser than the sterile, scarcely joranching.) Murome lms Oe
Leaves without basal appendage; follicles substellately spreading;
fruiting shoots scarcely exceeding or about as long as the sterile,
branching) curved, creeping. | (Ey Asia)... . 4 es eee
eRe rs Goats toMatha, iter tha tle Nate betel anaiate cen cats 41. S. polytrichoides Hemsl.
Leaves linear, terete, ca.0.5 cm long, 1 cm broad, subobtuse. Plants
OTS erm Wig siin Aisha teks ST ad ce hea is Baa 39. S.sexangulare L.
Leaves linear-subulate, semiterete, ca. 1.5—2 cm long, 2—3 mm broad,
ACULe., Elance s-2.51(4 O)emnan hie hassel 2 ar ee 38. S. reflexum.

38

27s

aoe

24,

29.

26.

a1.

28.

PS

Leaves opposite, flat, broad, oval or obovate, spatulate. (Subsection

1. Spathulata APBore) ek etal cee MR tet RO Rhee eo 5, 22,
Leaves alternate, terete or thickened, linear-subulate to oblong.
Gupseetiom 26 Cmasisiite bila’ As Bor.)) HOt On Pe ay one els 28.
Plants with globose white underground buds. (Series Proponticae
Tsyye aig tu en ae ea ae Ge Ree aE Bea) oe 23.
Plants without white underground buds. (Series Involucratae
HWicrscaiera)) Cee ek SRE SO eee Re Mioname OLA O TANT, . 2
Leaves 6—30 mm long, 5—18mm broad; inflorescence branches
VulOUSH=Scabrouss trtsrt). 2k SO ee SAI 29. S. obtusifolium C. A. M.
Leaves 15—40 mm long, 10-30 mm broad; inflorescence branches
Plandular=pUlesSS yaw yes Lis MMS OM RO .. ...30. S. listoniae Vis.
Small plants 3-10 cm high; leaves 2—6 mm long, 1—4 mm broad,
entire, glabrous, spatulate-ovate; flowers 5—7mm long.........
CORREA sy RDG E ROT WEEE Hee Rey 24, S.stevenianum Rouy et Camus.

Larger plants 5—20(25)cm high; leaves 8—25 mm long, 5—16 mm
broad, broadly dentate or crenate or obscurely emarginate,

FOCUAOUD CCM Sap aly RAMA AN VT teas, RIMINI Seats een Melbed als Wome hw, Cons 25s
Follicles stellately spreading, with two ventral protuber-

ances, tlowerss—otmim longi: B00) es ee 25. S.stoloniferum Gmel.
Follicles not stellately spreading, without umbo ventral protuber-
Eniees kilo wince (nm) W0=5 rama done”. G2. TMG, Sheree. Move ee - 26.

Inflorescence dense, compact, surrounded by large terminal

leaves surpassing the inflorescence; corolla 1.5 times as long

2Si G20 leas | Nee be a ee Ee 28. S.involucratum M. B.
Inflorescence not surrounded by terminal leaves; corolla twice as
LGR AS Cz ee ats EE Wek ees iain i ee eo Pate
Corolla pink or purple; filaments red, anthers orange-red; petals
laneecolaresacwte; fruit reddish. qs. %,. 6 4) 26. S.spurium M. B.
Corolla white or pale yellow, cream-colored; filaments white or
yellow, later darkening; petals linear-lanceolate, acuminate; fruit
CHGS Es Se RENE, Tea) ees Le, ae ed 27. S. oppositifolium Sims.
Corolla red or pink, sometimes whitish; flowering shoots 4—10cm
Aish econollawlo— 2 timesiasrlong asi¢alyses RI Rh RRs 29%
Corolla white, rarely pinkish; flowering shoots (5)10—20 (30)cm
mpheocerolla 2—4 times as long as Calyx t..... 000% A hae Aa SU),
Corolla red, sometimes whitish; inflorescence corymbiform or
paniculate, rather loose, few-flowered; leaves oblong, 3—5 mm long,
Te MIA MAE AAACN hs eo CUO. 2S) SE Te ie lwo bars tenellum. MM. B:
Corolla pink, sometimes whitish; inflorescence capitate, dense,
many-flowered; leaves narrowly linear or lanceolate, 4—6 (8)mm

loneycabhinimbroadionwnt scone vec. whe ss2eelydium Boiss.
Leaves oblong or oblong-ovate, 7-10 mm long, 1—2 mm broad;

sepals obtuse, ',—14, as long as corolla ......... 33. S.album L.
Leaves linear-subulate to oblong-lanceolate; corolla 2—3 times as
Loner aspSeoa lsu rate is oie ern ee cesthamhiady. has waren. Rwcincee SSL.
Leaxes, obtuse plabPows thim.). G0 wn Be Stour’ la tee a RAs pan On yee
Leaves acuminate or if obtuse then minutely tuberculate on the
Seieele SX) Ceres y a0 meres Corel ela cr een tan Sieeel eee ee Mpa ae eiitet teak: Spe oto

39

50 39,

51

36,

37.

38,

39.

40. (4)

41,

Flowering shoots 4—6cm long; inflorescence many -flowered;
corollats—Aimim long." 3.73 © ee.) et eee en omen 34. S.gracile C. A.M.
Flowering shoots (5)10—15 (20) cm; inflorescence few-flowered;

GOIMOMMEL H=7/ maton NOME s 6 6 ceo Gb ovo o e O c 35. S. lenkorianicum Grossh.

Leaves acuminate, glabrous, linear-subulate; sepals subacute.
(Caucasus, Asia Minor)....... 36. S. subulatum (C. A. M.) Boiss.
Leaves obtuse, minutely tuberculate on the surface, linear or

linear-oblong; sepals subobtuse. (Central Asia) .. 37. S.Alberti Rgl.

. Entire plant densely pubescent.... 23. S.selskianum Rgl. et Maak.

Glabrous plants. (Series Glabrae A.Bor.)....... OA Wren
Plants with short thick rhizome; stems 25—80 cm long, strong,

erect, inflorescence surrounded by terminal Leaves .iiewemsee enene 36.
Plants with elongated creeping branching rhizome, mostly weak,
ascending ORFereet tater tea ee een ieeire Sine 37.
Stems 25—45 cm high, few, leaves subacute, elongate, lanceolate to
linear 5s —Gemelono® lA nem WoRoddiant.0 2h Ga.co ener 17. S.aizoon L.
Stems to 85cm long, solitary, with obtuse, ovate-lanceolate leaves

8; lUrem lonesa 4 Cr bigOadn entation tai 18. S. hyperaizoon Kom.
Leaves in whorls of 3, ovate or obovate-lanceolate, subobtuse,
prEoadly#serrate-dentate, with adjacent suncinave teeth. sememaee a anene
Jee fey ol RTs: eaten. Hiri: Cae rea ae eee reese 22. S.litorale Kom.
Leaves alternate, linear to elongate-lanceolate and spatulate-

elliptic Jerenate or Teoarselyjandsobtusel ye dentate nn... eu-ne seen 38.

Leaves linear, coarsely and sparsely dentate at the apex; petals
about twice as long as stamens. Shrubby, many-stemmed plants

A thou Ais Diet Go OBEY Grol oar. 4 fo im eb pus 20. S. middendorfianum Maxim.
weaves oblong-elliptic or spatulate-elliptic, sometimes elongate,
obtusely serrate; stamens as long as or Slightly shorter than
JOSUCIIS, Mant Go cule ou CC CRSA). ChoGe5 kolits (yor ic ewes ici cs. & /aboa. c 39.
Stamens slightly shorter than petals. Ascending plants, rooting
and prostrate, many-stemmed, cespitose; stems evergreen,
persistent stem; flowers yellow; sepals lanceolate, equal.......
RNs Peon emer) SHEPIG BOP ee hg cca oh nt cegcmt lo ice Bees 21. S.hybridum L.
Stamens as longas petals. Erect plants with few stems; flowers
orange-yellow with broadened ovate base and elongated apex.....
By ah Pe He aur sonia a) Cicihs Pogo oie inle cio 6 19. S.kamtezaticum Fisch.
Tall plants, (15) 30—70 (100) cm high with strong stem; leaves
3—10cm long; roots tuberous or rhizome very short, scarcely
developed, with tuft of slender roots. (Subsection 1. Erecticaulia
Praeger)se) Moda san’ Ja ae Sem eiecs Seale sere . ae oe
Low plants, 5—15 (25)cm high, the weak stem creeping or ascending;
leaves 0.5—2.5cm long; rhizome branching, cespitose, with
numerous fruiting and sterile shoots. (Subsection 2. Humili-
Cawlia Praeger)’. stati as Weelen... 2) Sas Sees 41.
Plants 5—7cm high; flowers blue or purple; stamens shorter than
or as long as petals; leaves ca.1cm long, from 2—3 to 5—7 mm
broad; alternate of Opposite ,,connatetat base). jial-el mene demen <u! ey REE
Plants 10—20 (25)cm high; flowers pink, light purple-lilac;
stamens slightly longer than petals; leaves 1.5—2 cm long and

about as broad, opposite, with cordate base..... 13. S.ewersii Ldb.

40

D2

42.

45.

48.

49,

50.

ol.

Leaves opposite, connate at base, broadly ovate or rounded,

0.7—1 cm long, 0.5—0.7 cm broad, obtuse, without red dots; sepals
1.5—2 mm long, linear-subulate, acute. (Sakhalin).............
LORE OS ET CB BS al spin 14, S. pluricaule Kudo.
Leaves alternate, oblong-lanceolate to sublinear, ca. 1 cm long,
0.2—0.3 cm broad, with red dots; sepals 3mm long, oblong, acute.

GSiberiay iets et Rehr ave VOL meprorrt) i Pan, 15. C.cyaneum Rud.
Caudex very short or obsolete, with a tuft of slender roots 44,
Roots tuberous, rounded or fusiform. (Series Eu- Telephiae

EE ORe eS Ahi oe Mie OR BERS RP ae Pa". 49,

Leaves in whorls of 4 or 5, the lower sometimes in pairs; fleshy
white buds in leaf axils and on rhizome. (Series Viviparae

Ao TESO sain tae RAR a Ret Na a We de ah BE Ree ee ee ae ee 45,
Leaves opposite, sometimes in threes, orbicular to broadly oval,
cordate and ovate-cuneate or alternate, sometimes in pairs,
approximate, elliptic, lanceolate or oblong-ovate with cuneate

base; axillary buds absent. (Series Fasciculatae A.Bor.).. 46.
Leaves longer than internodes, 5—8 cm long, 1.5—3 cm broad, often
with black dots; flowers ca.4—5 mm long.... ‘7%. S.verticillatum L.
Leaves usually shorter than internodes, 3—4 (5)cm long, 1.2—1.5cem
broad with plack dotss flowersica..s mur long 70) felt DAO. s

2, Gn G thaw Oueo baie Coho Cuban Nai wrakcdlerie Lob welche arse hh tit 8. S.viviparum Maxim.
Leaves opposite or sometimes approximate, alternate, orbicular or
OWES? heres Mente ew ote Soa, LON CON SCS PIA, EPA ee eee ee renee 47.
eaves alternate, oblons-ovatelorelliptie-lanceolate, 5.) 5 2 rs. 48.
Leaves orbicular or broadly oval, amplexicaul, sinuate-dentate,
Supobruse. Homers purple; mostly 4 —mlCrOUS™ cs sete so) ele ss ele ce

>, 02, Caloric put decay maa kee Mca PSR ae OE gk ROM tt a aa 9. S.ussuriense Kom.
Leaves ovate with broadly cuneate base, broadly on the margin,
Subaeures tlowers whitish or pinkish, SismrerOuStts. << elcliats let tie, fe

2 10h. -Cydy eel tale ie i AC CH eae ia cai a ale ease cian ce 12. S.alboroseum Baker.
Stems 30—60cm high; leaves 3—7cm long, 0.7—2.5 cm broad;
inflorescence usually 3—5 (9)cm in diameter, 2—5 (7)cm long;
PetaloManceolare ie) Awl, Lotel icyeuek fank 10. S.pallescens Freyn.
Stems 60—100cm; robust; leaves 7-10 cm long, 1.5—4cm broad;
inflorescence usually 7-10 cm in diameter; 10—30cm long; petals

pEoadiytManceolatel kh chet. ower ale ie 11. S. eupatorioides Kom.
ES AVISSMAULE IE MEO UR Cm Pia e Re ah ole te MU GIRey "ce seas Ce eG Cue Nee ae RAED opin, EARS Se
MEAVIESTOPPOS LUSH Kare we tatis a hate MPR tata RL EPI lot SPD ME EF SPoae OP a? slew: teh a PE 50.

Leaves large, fleshy, cochlear -concave, obovate, deeply cordate at
base, amplexicaul, broader than long, 5—7 cm broad, 3—5 cm long

Pee MI ee aden) 1D LODE 6. S. caucasicum (Grossh.) A. Bor.
Leaves oval, orbicular, or oblong, amplexicaul or nonamplexicaul,
2—13cm long, 1—5 cm broad, usually longer than broad ....... lk

Roots rounded-elongated or napiform; leaves orbicular or oval,
broadening toward base, usually amplexicaul, 4—5 cm long, 2-3 cm
broads" lowers oo tam lomo. we Staal. es 5. S.telephium L.s.s.
Roots fusiformly thickened; leaves oblong-elliptic, nonamplexicaul,
o3—13cem long, 2—5cm broad; flowers 3—4mm long...... “eo Shp

4. S. maximum Suter.

41

oe

52. Leaves with cordate-amplexicaul base, entire or sometimes with
1 or 2 teeth at base; inflorescence composite, racemose-

Pahwemlaterc taeetiaiewitee aA Ge Oe eee 2. S.mugodsharicum A. Bor.
+ Leaves with cuneate base, dentate; inflorescence corymbiform or
corymbifonnispanicudlate estan osetia chen Sys eaerees Ree eee 536
FSi. Flowers 4-merous, bisexual, sometimes unisexual; stamens sessile;
leaves dark oreen, unequally, smnuare-dentaterc: <i tpeps meen ey eee eee
eee ia aedacbie Beye tlhe he. ecsaedih eight ind ie 3. 5S. parvistamine. m V. Petrov.
+ Flowers 5-merous, always bisexual; stamens as long as or slightly

longer than petals; leaves usually — mainly at the summit —
unequally dentate, or regularly acutely dentate along almost the
whole ama®eiinn 2 eo }. somettrion ites bet ao Mens es 1. S.purpureum Schult.

_ Section 1. TELEPHIUM* S. F. Gray, Nat. Arrang. Brit. Pl. II (1821) 539.—
Flowers 5-merous, white, pink, red, blue, or greenish-yellowish. Rhizome
thick, reduced, without scalelike leaves, or else rhizome long, slender,
rooting, with slender or robust fusiform or tuberous roots; stems erect
or ascending, less often subprostrate, mostly annual; leaves flat, broad,
fleshy.

European and Asiatic species, occurring mainly in China, Japan, and
N. America.

Economic importance. Some species of the section Telephium are
cultivated as ornamental plants (S. spectabile from Japan, S.ana-
campserosS),and several others may be recommended as ornamentals
(S.ewersii, S.cyaneum).

Subsection 1. ERECTICAULIA Praeger in Journ. Hort. Soc. XLVI (1921)
79, pro serie. — Stems strong, erect, simple, tall; leaves 5—10 cm long.

Series 1. Eu-Telephiae (Praeger) A. Bor.; Praeger, l.c., p.p., pro
group.— Roots tuberiform, tuberculate; leaves flat, large, broad, alternate
or opposite; stems robust, (15) 30—80 cm high.

1. S. purpureum (L.) Schult., Oestr. Fl. ed. 2,1 (1814) 686; Link, Enum.
berol. (1821) 1,437; Ldb., Fl. Ross. Il, 181; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 360; S.fabaria
auct.— S.purpurascens Koch, Syn.ed.2 (1846) 284.—S.telephium
Bety purpureum L., Sp. pl. (1753) 430; Berger in Engl. u. Pr. Nat.

Pflzf. 18a (1930) 444.—S.te Le phinmayKryly Bl Zap.:SibmVvl (1931) 1409;
Fréd. in Acta Horti Gothoburg. V (1930) 61 (subsp. purpureum).—
S.vulgare Link, l.c. (1821) 437 p.p.— S.maritimum Bohusl.in Rupr.,
Fl. Samoj. II (1845) 10,34; Erman, Archiv IV (1848) 66.— S.bohuslavii
Rupr., Beitr. Pfl. Russ. Reich. VII (1850) 18.— S.archangelicum Rupr.
nomen in sched. — Ic.: Rehb., Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIII (1898—1899) tab. 44;
Praeger in Journ. Hort. Soc. (1921) £.36, 38; Borisova in Sorn. rast.

SSSR, III (1934) f.238, 3 (seed). — Vernacular name: zayachya kapusta;
Kirgiz — Koko-maral, Turkic — kantibaer, Kalmyk — uden'edszuun,
tolstolistnik, skripun, kotovik, tselistnik, saigach'ya kapusta, etc.

* From the Greek telephion or telephonion, the name of a thick-leaved, white - flowering plant,
according to Dioscorides and Pliny. Later this name was given to a genus of the family Caryophyllaceae.

42

Perennial; roots tuberiform, tuberculate; stems erect, solitary or few,
(15) 30—60 cm high; leaves alternate, unequally toothed mainly at the apex,
ovate-oblong or oblong, the upper sessile, the lower cuneate -tapering,
acuminate or subobtuse, 2—7 cm long, 1—3cm broad, dark green;
inflorescence dense, corymbiform; flowers 5-merous; calyx ca.2.5mm
long, with lanceolate, acute lobes, green, connate at base; petals 2—3 times
as long as calyx, elliptic-lanceolate, acute, ca.5—6 mm long, reflexed from
the middle, purple; stamens opposite to petals, united '/,—1/, above base,
about as long as petals; hypogynous scales yellow, 0.5mm long, linear -
oblong, emarginate; follicles erect, red or pink, ca.6 mmlong, with short,
slightly reflexed beak, shorter than stamens; seeds small, numerous, to
1mm long, brownish, tapering to one end. Fl. July and beginning of August,
two weeks earlier than S.maximum sg. lat.

Fields, plowland, sometimes cultivated fields, roadsides, as a weed, in
water meadows, clearings, among shrubs, on rocky and stony argillaceous
Slopes european pari.) Mar. slap.) Dy.ineech.. U. Dnp ws: UV... Vaskamia,
Megwnp.. Ve ~Mon, Bl.» Le Don,-L. VejCrinms? W.slberialv@b,U; Tob. , Alt.;
ins ewoloeria: Venis.,)Ang.-Ssay., Dau., Lena-Kol:; Har Bast: Ze. Bu.,
Uss., Uda, Okh., Kamch., Sakh. Gen.distr.: almost all of Europe and
Mong. (Tuva ASSR), Jap.-Ch. (Manchuria, N. Korea, Japan, China), N. Am.
(introduced). Described from Europe. Type in London.

Note. Within its wide distribution area,S.purpureum varies greatly
in aspect; itis a highly polymorphic species. Var.pluricaule Maxim.,
distributed in E. Siberia, is a lower plant with many stems, leaves subentire,
petals purple, 4—5 mm long (Kamch., Kirensk, Sakh.). S.maritimum
Bohusl. (S.bohuslavii Rupr.), described from Dy.-Pech. and V.-Kama
(Perm) is distinguished from the type by its bright pink flowers and ovate-
rhomboid, coarsely dentate, light-colored leaves.

S.purpureum (L.) Schult.,S.mugodsharicum A.Bor.,S.parvi-
stamineum V. Petrov, and a number of other species which do not occur
in the Soviet Union, as for instance S.fabaria Koch,can be united ina
group of species characterized by alternate leaves and red or pink flowers.

2. S.mugodsharicum A. Bor. sp. nova in Addenda VIII, p. 365.
S.purpureum auct.

Perennial; roots tuberous, fusiform, fascicular; stems erect, 35—60 cm
high, smooth, pinkish, densely leafy; leaves alternate, acute, oblong, 2—4cm
long, 0.8—1.5 cm broad, entire, sometimes with 1 or 2 long narrow teeth
in lower part, acute, broadening toward base, cordate -amplexicaul;
inflorescence compound, racemose-paniculate, with short lateral branches
arising in axils of upper leaves, many-flowered, 4—8 cm in diameter,
7—10cm long; flowers on pedicels shorter or as long as flowers; corolla
twice as long as calyx; sepals linear-filiform, acuminate, green; petals 5,
acute, elliptic or ovate, 5mm long; stamens 10, those opposite to petals united
with corolla to’, shorter than petals, those opposite to sepals as longas or
slightly shorter than petals; pistils with long filiform style, convex dorsally,
ovate; ovary stalked; follicles with reflexed beak; mature fruit unknown.
July.

Moist sites, mountain stream banks.— Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp.
(Mugodzhar Hills). Endemic. Described from the Mugodzhar Hills.

Type in Leningrad.

43

56

3. S. parvistamineum V. Petrov.in Bull. Jard. Bot. Princ. XXVI (1927)
eS

Perennial; stems 40—60 cm high; leaves alternate, dark green, unequally
Sinuate-dentate, oblong to ovate-oblong; inflorescence loose, branching-
paniculate, with lateral branches arising from axils of upper leaves;
flowers usually 4-merous, pale pink (?), sometimes unisexual; sepals
twice as long as petals; stamens subsessile. Fl. from end of July to
first frosts.

Note. The author of this species presumes it to be native to the
Far East, although there are no herbarium specimens from there. It
flowers well and bears fruit in the Leningrad Botanical Institute of the
Academy of Sciences. Unlikely to be a Far Eastern species, it may be
of cultivated origin.

4, S. maximum (L.) Suter, Fl. Helv. 1 (1802) 270; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 180,
pipss Shmallios, Bk by 360)p.) pss ry ll ap. sibs Viiba-406 ps ps siBberoer
in Engl.u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 444 p.p.— S.telephium e€
maximum L., Sp.pl.ed.I (1753) 430; Fréd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg.

V (1930) 68.— S.latifolium Bertol., Amoenit. (1819) 366.— Anacamp-
seros maxima Haw., Syn. Pl. Succul. (1819) 121.— Ic.: Rchb., Ic. Fl.
Germ. XXIII, tab.45; Praeger in Journ. Hort. Soc. (1921) £. 36, 37. —
Vernacular names: zayatch' ya kapusta, skripun, tolstolistnik.

Perennial; roots thickened, fusiform, becoming gradually thinner;
stems vigorous, erect, 40—80 cm high; leaves opposite, nonamplexicaul,
oblong-elliptic, obtuse, mostly obscurely emarginate, dark green, 5-13 cm
long, 2—5 cm broad; inflorescence broad, 6—10 cm in diameter, dense,
corymbiform-paniculate, lower branches long, arising from axils of upper
leaves; pedicels shorter than flowers; calyx with triangular, acute lobe,
1mm long, green, with short tube, rounded at base, ue as long as corolla;
petals ovate, acute, 3—4 mm long, ca. 1 mm broad, punctate, whitish pink;
stamens 10, scarcely exserted from corolla, inserted at very base of
petals, with rounded anthers; hypogynous scales linear, twice as long as
broad; follicles erect, greenish, as long as petals, with linear beak; seeds
oblong-ovoid, ca.0.5mm long, brown. July — October.

Deciduous (broadleaf) forests. — European part: U. Dnp. (Mogilev),

M. Dnp. (Kiev, Uman), IBilks,, Wo =o (Kharkov); E. Siberia: Dau. (as a weed).
Gen. distr.: Med., Bal.-As. Min., Centr. Eur., Scand., Atl. Eur. Described
from Europe. Type in London.

Note. S.maximum has been taken in a broad sense. In fact,
there is a series of geographic races with varying ecology. The true
S.maximum is typically west European, connected with broadleaf forests.
S.maximum (L.) Suter and the following S.telephium (L.) s.s.and
S.caucasisum A. Bor.can be united in a group of species characterized
by opposite leaves, rarely by lower leaves alternate or approximate in
threes, and by whitish, greenish, or yellowish, sometimes pinkish flowers.

5. S.telephium L., Sp. pl. (1753) 430 s.s.—S.telephiuma album L.,
l.e.— S.vulgare Link, Enum. h. berol. I (1821) 437, p.p.; Ldb., Fl.Ross. Il,
180, p.p.; Fr6éd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. V (1930) 67, p.p.— S.maximum
auct.— S.polonicum Blocki in Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. V (1887) 66. —

5173 44

57

Ic.: Hegi, Fl. Mittel. Eur. IV, 2 (1925) 522, 523.— Exs.: Pl. Finl. exs., No. 700;
Fl. polon. exs., No. 633 (sub S.maximo Suter.).— Vernacular names:
zayach'ya kapusta, skripun, tolstolistnik.

Perennial; roots thickened, rounded-elongated, napiform; stems (10)
20—40 cm high, usually arched-upcurved at base, mostly with shortened or
scattered internodes; leaves opposite, orbicular or oval, broadening toward
base, cordate, amplexicaul, strongly glaucous, drying dark green, densely
disposed, obscurely emarginate, rarely dentate, (2)4—5 cm long, (1)2—3 cm
broad; inflorescence (3)5—10cm in diameter, dense, corymbiform or loose,
with elongated, scattered peduncles forming a corymbiform -paniculate
inflorescence; lateral branches not always attaining top of inflorescence;
pedicels shorter or longer than flowers; flowers ca.5—6 mm or 2—3mm
long, broad; calyx rounded at base or subacute with triangular, lanceolate,
acute sepals, )/,— yp as long as corolla; petals ovate, 1—2 mm broad, 5—6 or
2—3 mm long, greenish, pale yellow, whitish-pinkish; stamens 10, as long as
petals, those opposite petals united withthem to 134 with large anthers rounded
at the peduncle apex; follicles ca.4mm long with straight hard beak;
seeds oblong-lanceolate, brown, ca.0.5mm long. July— August.

Mostly sandy or solonetz soils, pine forests; as a weed in fields, among
shrubs in forests. — European part: Lad.-Ilm., U. Dnp., U. V., M. Dnp.,
V.-Don, L. Don, V.-Kama, Transv., Bl. Gen.distr.: E. Eur. (Poland, Finland).
Described from Europe. Type in London.

Note. The variety stepposum A. Bor.can be separated in the
southeast of the European part of the USSR. Its characters are as follows:
roots tuberculate, passing abruptly into slender roots; internodes scattered;
leaves ovate, 2—3cm long, 1—1.5cm broad, amplexicaul, subentire or
shallowly sinuate-dentate; inflorescence rather loose; pedicels longer
than flowers; flowers small, pale yellow or greenish; sepals acute,

a = Bik as long as petals; petals lanceolate, ca. 1 mm broad, 2—3 mm long.

Forb-grass associations of steppe and forest-steppe zone, solonetz
soils, river floodplains, meadows, among shrubs, forest clearings; as a
weed in fields. — European part: V.-Don,, L. Don, V.-Kama (Sterlitamak),
Transv.; W. Siberia: U. Tob. (Kustanai); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (Aktyubinsk).
Owing to the presence of transitional forms it is impossible to isolate
var.stepposum as a Separate species.

6. S. caucasicum (Grossh.) A. Bor. sp. nova in Addenda VIII, p. 366. —
S.maximum var.caucasicum Grossh., Fl. Kavk. II (1930) 226. —
Sete ph rum auet. si late

Perennial; roots thickened, fusiform, robust; stems 30—70cm high,
ascending, strong, rounded, green or dark purple; leaves decussate,
large, 5—7 cm broad, 3—5 cm long, broader than long, cochlear-concave,
obovate, deeply cordate, amplexicaul, with large auricles, green or dark
red, especially along the veins, obscurely and coarsely sinuate, obtuse;
inflorescence corymbiform-paniculate, 5—12 cm broad, the lateral branches
arising from axils of 2—3 upper leaf pairs; inflorescence branches long,
many -flowered; pedicels as long as flowers, thick, strong; bracts fleshy, the
lower larger, ovate-rounded, the upper small, oblong to lanceolate -terete;
flowers 5-, sometimes 4-merous,cup-shaped; calyx light green, with very
short tube, fleshy, with triangular acute sepals, ‘/,—‘/, as long as petals;
petals 0.5cm long, greenish white, ovate, acute, with constricted carinate

45

58

61

apex, reflexed from the middle, the apex curving upward; stamens 10, with
white filaments and yellow anthers, the stamens opposite to petals as long as or
slightly shorter than them, those opposite to sepals slightly longer than petals;
hypogynous scales yellow, obtuse, entire at the apex, twice as long as broad;
follicles greenish white, with short reflexed beak, twice as long as broad,
triquetrous, thickish, not closed, slightly shorter than petals; seeds small,
ca.0.5 mm long, ovoid, subobtuse, brown. July —September. (Plate IV,
Figure la).

Dry stony and calcareous slopes in mixed deciduous forests, at
1,000 —2,500m. Caucasus: Cisc., W. E.,and 8. Transc., Dag. Endemic.
Possibly in Arm.-Kurd. Described from the Caucasus (Akhalbalaki).
Type in Leningrad.

Series 2. Viviparae A. Bor. Caudex short, with or without tuft of short
roots or obsolete; leaves in whorls of 3—5, elongate-lanceolate; white,
fleshy viviparous buds in axils of leaves and on rhizome.

7. S.verticillatum L., Sp. pl. (1753) 430; Maxim. in Bull. Ac. Pét. XXIX
(1684) 139; Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflanzfm. 18a (1930) 444; Kom. et
Alis., Opr. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I,596.— S.telephium ssp.verticil -
latum Fréd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. V (1930) 64.— Ic.: L., Amoen,
acad. II (1 TST), 22 tabs 4500 kA Praeger in Journ. Hort. Soc. Lond. (1921),
f.44; Frod.,l.c., pl. XXV, textfig. 254—259.

Perennial; caudex very short, woody or obsolete, with tuft of short,
slender roots; stems 60—80cm high, mostly solitary, erect, simple;
leaves in whorls of 4 or 5, the lower partly in threes and opposite in pairs,
the upper in whorls of 3—5, oblong-lanceolate or oval-oblong, distinctly
petiolate, irregularly obtusely dentate, longer than internodes, sometimes
with black dots, pale green, 5-8 cm long, 1.5—3 cm broad; viviparous
white fleshy buds developing in leaf axils toward fall and growing during
the fall; inflorescence compound, paniculate-corymbiform, dense, compact,
4—8 cm in diameter; lower short inflorescence branches arising from
leaf axils; bracts oval; flowers ca.4—5 mm long; sepals triangular, acute,
“= 5 as long as petals, shortly connate at base into a tube; petals oblong-
lanceolate, acute, greenish white; stamens oppositeto sepals slightly exceeding
petals, the other 5 shorter, inserted almost at base of petals, with rounded
reddish anthers and pale green filaments; hypogynous scales twice as long
as broad, yellow, linear-cuneate; follicles oblong, about as long as petals,
long-pediceled, with short beak; seeds 1.5 mmlong, oblong, subobtuse.

July —September.

Riverbank thickets, river alluvium, meadows, valleys.— Far East:
Kamch., more often in the South, solitary or in small groups; Sakh.

(between Kami-Onori and Onori), west coast of Sakhalin, Revun River ravine.
Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch.: Hokkaido, Honshu; Sakhalin, Kurile Islands, Korea.
Described from Siberia. Type in London.

Note. S.verticillatum has been erroneously recorded by Linnaeus

for S. Eur. He probably had in mind the cultivated species.

46

PLATE IV. 1—Sedum caucasicum A.Bor.: a) flower; 2—S.pallescens Freyn; 3—S.pluricaule
Kudo: a) flower; 4—S.populifolium Pall.: a) flower; 5—S.hybridum L.: a) flower.

47

62

8. S.viviparum Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. XXIX (1884) 137;
Kom., Fl. Manch. II, 390; Kom. and Alis., Opr. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I, 595. —
S.telephium ssp.viviparum Frdd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. V (1930)
65.— Ic.: Frdéd., l.c., pl. XXVI, textfig. 260—268.

Perennial; caudex very short or obsolete, with a tuft of short roots;
fleshy white buds in axils of leaves and on rhizome; stems (17) 20-30 (35) cm
high, mostly solitary, sometimes several, erect, simple; leaves in whorls
of 3 or 4, some in pairs, dark green, lanceolate or ovate-oblong, somewhat
rounded basally, with short cuneate petiole, very conspicuously veined,
subobtuse, obtusely short-toothed from margin nearly to base, 3—4 (5)em
long, 1.2—1.5 cm broad, usually shorter than internodes, without black
dots; inflorescence corymbiform -paniculate, compact, many -flowered,
with very short pedicels and abortive flowers, bracteate; flowers small,
open campanulate, ca.3mm long; sepals subobtuse, erect, ovate, Se as
long as corolla; petals oval or ovate, subobtuse, 3 times as long as
broad, white or greenish, drying slightly pinkish: stamens opposite to petals
about as long as or shorter than petals or shorter, the other 5 somewhat
shorter than and inserted at base of petals, with subglobose pale
anthers; hypogynous scales broader at the apex, thickened, curved;
pistils shorter than stamens, ovate, with linear, reflexed style, half as long
as ovary; seeds small, ovoid. August—September.

Mixed forests, moist sites, rocks, sandy sites, always in the shade.

Far East: Uss. (Vladivostok). Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch. (N. Korea, Japan,
N. Manchuria). Described from the Sedemi River, SE Manchuria. Type
in Leningrad.

Series 3. Fasciculatae A. Bor. Rhizome short, woody, with tuft of
short roots; leaves alternate or opposite, flat, large, orbicular to elliptic.

9. S.ussuriense Kom. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Pétersb. XVI (1916) 170;

Kom. and Alis., Opr. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I,596.— S.telephium Ssp.
purpureum var.orientale Fr6éd.in Acta Hort. Gothoburg. V (1930) 66.—
Ie. Kom: and Alise, I. e., tab. 179.

Perennial; caudex short, woody, multicipital, with a tuft of slender roots
roots strong, terete or fusiform, but not thickened; all stems fruiting,
ascending or erect, in groups, 20—60cm long, leafy; leaves orbicular or
broadly oval, amplexicaul, opposite, the lower alternate, sinuate-crenate
fleshy, subobtuse, 3—5 cm broad, 3-5 cm long; inflorescence dense,
corymbiform-paniculate, with compact, thick branches; flowers mostly 4-,
less often 5-merous, purple; calyx connate at base, with 4 oblong-ovate, acute
lobes, '/, as long as corolla; petals oblong, ca. 3-4 mm long, acute, 1 -nerved;
stamens 8—10, of which 4 (5) slightly exserted, about as long as petals, the
4 (5) opposite to petals shorter, with purple anthers; pistils usually 4; keeled on
the outside, laterally inflated-convex, falcate, as long as or slightly longer
than corolla; style short, erect or slightly curved. August—September.

Fr. September.

Seashore rocks. — Far East: Uss. (Peter the Great Bay, Suchan River
valley). Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Vostok Bay. Type in
Leningrad.

48

63

10. S.pallescens Freyn in Oest. Bot. Zeitschr. XLV (1895) 317; Kom. and
Alis., Opr. Dal'nevost. kraya I,596.—S.fabaria forma floribus lacteis
Maxim., Fl. Amur. (1859) 115, p.p.— S.telephium var.pallescens
Kom., Fl. Manshur. II (1904) 393.— S.telephium var.albiflorum Maxim.
in Bull. Ac. Sc. XXIX (1884) 142.— S.albiflorum Maxim. in Kom. and
Alis.,l.c.—S.telephium ssp.purpureum var.orientale Frod.in
Acta Horti Gothoburg. V (1930) 66.— S.leptorhizum Fisch. et Mey.
in sched. — Ic.: Frod., l.c., pl. XXIV.

Perennial; roots slender, cordlike, arising in a tuft from a short,
inconspicuous woody rhizome; stems densely leafy, erect, 30—60 cm high;
leaves alternate, sometimes subopposite, elliptic-lanceolate, 3—7 cm long,
0.7—2.5 cm broad, with cuneate base, sessile or petiolate, entire or
irregularly sinuate-dentate, remotely and shallowly dentate in upper
part of leaf, with numerous dark reddish dots (glands), pale green;
inflorescence a corymbiform umbel, 3—5 (9) cm in diameter, 2.5 (7)cm
long, arcuate, densely branching, compact; lower branches spreading, in
axils of upper leaves; pedicels shorter than flowers; flowers 5-merous,
5—6.5mm long; sepals lance-linear, acute, '/, as long as petals; petals
whitish or pinkish, erect, divided, lanceolate, acute; stamens 10,those opposite
to petals shorter than and adnate tothemto WES those opposite to sepals
as long as or slightly longer than petals, lanceolate-elliptic, with filiform,
reflexed long beak, green; seeds small, ca. 1mm long, acute, brown.

Fl. July — August, fr. August —September. (Plate IV, Figure 2 )e

Wet and dry meadows, along rivers, riverbanks slopes, peaty riverbank
meadows, Sandy and sandy-gravelly soils.— E.Siberia: Dau.; Far East:
Ze.-Bu. Described from Dauria. Type in Vienna.

11. S. eupatorioides * Kom. and Alis., Opr. Dal'nevost. kraya I (1931)
601.—S.telephium var.eupatorioides Kom., Fl. Manch. Il (1904)
393.— S.fabaria forma floribus lacteis Maxim., Fl. Amur. (1859) 115. —
SOEs neta Palibs in sched.

Perennial; roots slender, cordlike, arising in a tuft from a short
woody rhizome; stem erect, densely leafy, 60—100 cm high, robust, strong;
leaves alternate, subsessile, oblong-ovate, cuneate toward base, irregularly
Sinuate-dentate at the apex, (5) 7-10 cm long, 1.5—4 cm broad, with abundant
dark elongate-punctate glands below; inflorescence dense, 7—10 (12)cm
in diameter, 10—30 cm long, compound, umbellate-paniculate, many -branched,
with up to 10 spreading branches, each bearing corymb; flowers 5-merous,
as long as or longer than pedicels; calyx ‘/, as long as corolla, with
lanceolate-triangular, acute sepals; petals white or pink, 6—6.5 mm long,
free, broadly lanceolate, acuminate, always erect; stamens 10, of which
5 scarcely exserted from corolla, the 5 opposite to petals shorter than corolla;
anthers yellow, later darkening, rounded; pistils oblong-lanceolate, with
short, sometimes slightly curved style; fruit scarcely exserted from corolla,
oblong-lanceolate, with short beak; seeds ca. 1 mm long, oblong-lanceolate,
brown. July— August.

Dry meadows and slopes, moist meadows, plowland.— Far East: Uss.
(Amur River, near Khabarovsk, Vladivostok district, Suchan River basin,
Lake Khanka). Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch., Manchuria (Khanshakheza station);

N. China, Korea. Described from the vicinity of Khabarovsk, from the
banks of the Yalu River. Type in Leningrad.

* This name was given on account of the large inflorescence resembling that of Eupatorium.

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64

Note. ‘This species is closely related to S:pallesic ens Preyn, from
which it is distinguished by its greater dimensions and its distribution
area.

12. S.alboroseum Baker in Saunders, ''Refug. Bot." I (1868) tab. 33;
Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Pétersb. XXIX (1884) 140; Kom., Fl. Manch. II, 391. —
S.telephium ssp.alboroseum Fréd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. V (1930)
6f.— ies: Praecser in Journ. Hort..soc. Lond: (io2 roa Regel, Gartenflora
taloe OW the 4 bi Sauna tess laces

Perennial; roots cordlike (according VO) TE igeyeyereie thickened), arising
in a tuft from a short rhizome; stems 35—60 cm high, hollow, yellowish,
erect, robust; leaves opposite, sometimes in threes or approximate,
alternate, ovate, with broadly cuneate base, subacute, largely obtuse,
broadly dentate, (3)5—10 em long, 2—4 cm broad; inflorescence dense,
compact, sometimes with lateral branches, corymbiform-paniculate,

2—6 cm in diameter; calyx 2mm long, connate to the middle into a tube

half as long as corolla, with broadly triangular sepals; petals 5, dry,

whitish or pinkish, free, oblong-ovate, ca.5 mm long, acute; stamens 10, those
opposite petals shorter than and united with them to 1/,—1/,, those opposite
sepals as long as or slightly longer than petals; pistils lanceolate

with erect, filiform style, gibbous on the back; seeds 1 mm long, oblong,
brown. August —September.

Stony and sandy soils at moistened sites on seashores and in river
valleys. — Far East: Sakh. (Korsakovo; Tarantomari to the south of Mauko,
Tym River valley). Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch., Korea, Japan, Manchuria, China,
Sakh. Described from Japan.

Note. Specimens from Sakhalin Island and Korea differ somewhat from
S.alboroseum (Maximowicz herbarium), mainly in leaf shape. It may
be that the Sakhalin specimens should be referred to a new species, but
lack of material does not permit this. Thetrue S.alboroseum is
cultivated as an ornamental plant.

Subsection 2. HUMILICAULIA Praeger, 1. c., 96.— Stems weak, not erect,
5—25 cm high, branching.

Series 1. Repentes (Praeger) A. Bor.; Praeger, 1.c., 96, emend. pro gr. —
Rhizome branching, cespitose; stems ascending, prostrate or creeping,
branching.

13. S.ewersii Ldb., Fl. alt. II (1830) 191; Fl. Ross. II, 182; Maxim.,
Bull. Ac. Petersb. XXIX (1884) 136; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib: Vij 14103" Medien:
O. et B., Consp. Fl. Turk. 3 (1909) 72.— S.altaicum Steph. in Sched. —
S.azureum Royle IIl., Bot. Himal.1 (1839) 223.— Ic.: Ldb., Je. pl.
Fl. Ross. I (1829) tab.48; Royle, l.c., tab. 48, f.2; Praeger in Journ. Hort.
Soc. Lond. (1921) f.45,46; Fr6éd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. V (1930) pl.
XXI, textfig. 228—235.

Perennial; rhizome branching, woody, cespitose, giving rise to numerous
fruiting and sterile shoots; roots slender,cordlike; stems numerous, glabrous,

50

65

reddish woody at base and branching, spreading, ascending and rooting,
10—20 (25) emhigh; leaves opposite, glaucous -green, thickish, punctate, cordate
at base, broadly ovate or suborbicular,bluntly short -acuminate, grayish,
1—5 — 2 cm long and about as broad,obscurely denticulate,the lower broadly
elliptic,often with brownspots; inflorescence corymbiform,compound,
ca.2—3 cmbroad; calyx with5 lanceolate lobes,ca.2 mm long; petals 5,twiceas
long as calyx, elliptic, lanceolate, 4—5 mm long, acute, pink or light purple;
stamens 10, slightly longer than petals, with blackish anthers; hypogynous
scales 0.5mm long, oblong, slightly emarginate; follicles erect, 3-4 mm
long, with short, reflexed beak; seeds small, ca.0.5 mm long, lanceolate,
brown. July —August.

Rocks, stony slopes, up to 3,500 m, reaching upper part of alpine
zone. — W. Siberia: Alt.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. (Saur, Tarbagatai,
Dzungarian Ala-Tau), T.Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., W. Mong.,
Ind.-Him. Described from Altai. Type in Leningrad.

14, S.pluricaule Kudo in Journ. Coll. Agric. Sapporo XII (1923) 40;

Kom. and Alis., Opr. Dal'nevost. kraya I,596.— S.cyaneum auct., non
Rud.— S.telephium var.pluricaule Maxim. in Bull. Ac. Petersb.
XXIX (1884) 142.—Ic.: Miyabe and Miyake, Fl. Sach. (1915) pl. 6.

Perennial; roots slender, cordlike; rhizome slender, cespitose, creeping;
stems numerous, branching, with ascending branches, densely leafy, 5—7cm
long, rooting at the nodes; leaves opposite, some alternate, sessile, connate
at base, somewhat tapering, broadly ovate, orbicular or obovate, entire,
7—10 mm long, 5-8 mm broad, without red dots, obtuse, thickened at apex;
inflorescence an umbellate corymb, many-flowered, ca. 2—3 cm in diameter,
leafy; flowers ca.5 mm long; pedicels shorter than or as long as flowers;
calyx with 5 triangular, linear-subulate, acute sepals, 1 -nerved, 1.5—2 mm
long, ca.0.8 mm broad; petals 5,ca.5mm long, 2—2.5 mm broad, oblong-
lanceolate, reclinate, acuminate, purple, 1-nerved; stamens 10, with equal
reddish filaments, filiform, the stamens slightly shorter thanor as long
as petals, with rounded, dark purple anthers, the 5 opposite to petals
adnate to them to 4/,; pistils 5, lanceolate, ca. 4 mm long, with slender,
filiform, curved style; hypogynous scales small, trapezoid, 0.8 mm long,
1mm broad; follicles oblong-fusiform, many-seeded; seeds light brown,
ovoid-oblong, small. July—August. (Plate IV, Figure 3a).

In groups on eroded rocks, bald mountains, rock crevices, steep slopes,
seashore cliffs, among Siberian dwarf-pines.— Far East: Sakh.: Pilvo-
Porokotan, along the Engranvis River, Ikhdam, on mossy summits near
the post of Due, Nabil Range, banks of the Nampi River, Ola District.

Gen. distr.: Sakh. Described from Sakhalin. Type in Japan (?).

15. S.cyaneum Rud. in Mem. Ac. Pétersb. (1809) 341; Maxim. in Meél.
Biol. XI (1873) 774; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 182; Maxim., Pr. Fl. Amur. (1859) 115;
Kom. and Alis., Opr. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I, 596; Berger in Engl.u. Pr.,
Nat. Pflzfm.18a (1930) 445.— S.lilacinum Ldb.in Mém. Ac. Pétersb. V
(1815) 535; Chamisso in Linnaea VI (1831) 550.— S.dahuricum Steph.
iesehed!— Ss. hyperboreum Fisch. inssched.—‘Ie.: Rud.,li'c.,tabs11;
Regel, Gartenflora tab. 972, f.2; Praeger in Journ. Hort. Soc. (1921) £.53;
Frod. in Acta Horti Gothoburg. V (1929) pl. XXII, textfig. 236—41.

51

67

Perennial; rhizome slender, creeping, prostrate, cespitose, with a row
of slender roots; stems rooting in lower part, prostrate or creeping,
ascending, branching, with ascending branches, reddish, with sterile and
fruiting shoots, 5—7.5 (—12)cm high; leaves alternate, glaucous, with reddish
dots, transparent at the margin, flat, fleshy, entire, sessile, oblong-lanceolate
to Sublinear, ca. 1 cm long, 2—3cm broad, crowded on sterile shoots,
subobtuse; inflorescence a corymbiform umbel, few-flowered, leafy;
pedicels about as long as flowers; bracts of same Shape as cauline leaves;
sepals 5, narrow, oblong, acute, grayish-reddish, about half as long as
petals, 3mm long; corolla campanulate, pink-lilac or bluish; petals 5,
oblong, acuminate, nodding, ca. 5-6 mm long, 1.5—2 mm broad; stamens 10,
with subulate dark purple filaments; 5 stamens adnate to petals to 44
exceeding petals, the 5 opposite sepals longer; anthers rounded,
angular, 4-segmented, dark, with yellow pollen; hypogynous scales 5, small,
oblong or cuneate-linear, entire; pistile 5, approximate, gibbous at
base, reddish, with subulate, recurved style; follicles lanceolate, shorter
than petals. Fl. June— August, fr. August — September.

Stony soils, slopes, taluses, pebbles. — Arctic: An., E. Siberia: Lena-Kol.
(Lake Dendyu, Batom River, an affluent of the Maya River); Far East:
Okh., Kamch, Uda, Uss., Sakh. Gen.distr.: Sakh.(S.). Described from
E. Siberia (Okh.). Type in Leningrad.

*S.anacampseros L., indicated for the southern part of Podolia
(Eichwald), the [former] Don Region* (Giildenstedt), and the Ukraine
(Besser), does not in fact occur in the USSR; this is a S. European mountain
plant, growing in the Pyrenees, the southern Alps, and Apennines.

*S. fabaria Koch. has been erroneously indicated for the USSR; this
Species does not extend farther east than the Carpathians; the specimen
recorded as 8.fabaria should, in fact, be classified as S.purpureum.

Section 2. POPULISEDUM Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm.18a (1930)
446.— Flowers white or pink, 5-merous, bisexual; perennial, under shrubs,
branching and woody from base, with woody roots; stems annual only in
the upper, herbaceous part; leaves flat, petiolate, ovate, large, unequally and
obtusely dentate. A single species standing in isolation from other Sedum
species.

16. S. populifolium Pall., Reise III (1776) Anhang, 730; Lin., fil. Suppl.
(1781) 242; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 180; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI, 1408. — Ic.: Pallas,
Ic. tab, jt. 2s Praeccernin Journ JHort. OC. (1921) £.78; Fréd.in Acta
Horti Gothoburg. V (1930) pl. XX, textfig. 211-219.

Perennial; rhizome branching, cardlike, woody; stems branching, woody
at base, spreading and partly prostrate, with brownish-gray bark, 15—35 cm
high; leaves alternate, long-petioled, ovate or oblong-ovate, the lower
cordate, with large, unequal obtuse teeth along the whole margin, the blade
1.5—4 cm long,1—2.5 cm broad, about twice as long as petioles,less oftenaslong
as petioles; inflorescence terminal, many -flowered, corymbiform -paniculate;

* [Part of Rostov Region since 1924. ]

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68

pedicels as long as or longer than flowers; sepals 1.5—2 mm long, ovate-
lanceolate, acute, connate at base; petals oblong-lanceolate, white or
pinkish, 3—4 times as long as calyx, ca.5—6 mm long and 2mm broad;
stamens as long as petals, with dark red anthers; hypogynous scales
less than 1 mm long, 1.5 times as long as broad; follicles ca.4 mm long;
beak ca.1 mm long, slightly reflexed; seeds small, ovoid, obtuse.
June — August. (Plate IV, Figure 4a).

Shady, moist sites, rocks and stony slopes, stream banks. W. Siberia:
Alt. (E.), Ang.-Say.(Sayans). Gen.distr.: Tuva ASSR. Described from
the Sayans. Type in London.

Section 3. AIZOON Koch, Syn. (1837) 259. — Flowers yellow, bisexual,
5-merous; follicles connate at base; rhizome short and thick, or else
elongated, branching, and then leaves evergreen; roots not tuberous;
leaves flat, alternate, oblong-oval to linear or lanceolate, dentate only in
upper part of leaf, subcoriaceous.

Species distributed in eastern Asia.

Series 1. Glabrae A. Bor.— Glabrous plants.

Wipes a7 oon) he )Sp spl. 753))430;3) dbs, .Hl.Ross, 1,163) Maxiony, Pr.
Fl. Amur. (1859) 115; Turcz., Fl. baic.-dahur. 1,436; Maxim. in Bull. Ac.
Petersb. XXIX (1884) 143; Kryl., Fl. Zap.,sib. VI, 1411; Kom.and Alis.;,Opr.
rast. Dal'nevost. kraya 1,601; Kom., Fl. Manch. II, 395; Berger in Engl.u.
Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 448.—S.s agiamemisiew Pally ex Isdb.wklaboss.;
l.c.— Ic.: DC., Pl. Grass. tab. 101; Praeger in Journ. Hort. Soc. (1921)
f.54a,55,56; Kom. and Alis., 1.c.,597,tab.179; Frod.in Acta Horti
Gothoburg. VI (1931) pl. XLIII-XLV, textfig. 599-603.

Perennial; rhizome short; stems 1—3,25—45cm high, fruiting and
sterile, densely leafy, glabrous, erect, not branching; leaves alternate,
elongate-lanceolate to linear, firm, Subcoriaceous, unequally serrate-
dentate, subacute, cuneate at base, 5—8cm long; inflorescence a corymbiform
umbel, sometimes paniculate, many-flowered, with horizontal branches,
compact, flat, surrounded by leaves; sepals green, ovate at base, long-
tapering in upper part, subulate, fleshy, WA aT We as long as corolla, ca.2mm
long, obtuse; petals golden-yellow, apiculate, narrow, elliptic-lanceolate
(6)7—10 mm long; stamens 10, all equal, shorter than petals, inserted
somewhat above base of petals; ovaries connate at base, ovate, convex
ventrally, with subulate style; hypogynous scales green, barely discernible,
subquadrate; follicles many-seeded, stellately spreading, laterally
compressed, ca. 7mm long, with short straight beak; seeds brown, ellipsoid,
ca. 7 mm long, with short straight beak; seeds brown, ellipsoid, less than
1mm long. Fl. from middle of June to late fall.

Dry grassy slopes, dry shrub thickets, dry meadows, rock streams,
sandy cliffs. — W. Siberia: Ob (city of Tara), Irt. (widely distributed);

E. Siberia: Yenis. (many), Ang.-Say., Lena-Kol. (rarely to Nizhne-Kolymsk),
Dau. (many); Far East: Okh., Kamch., Ze-Bu., Uss., Uda, Sakh. Gen. distr.:
Jap.-Ch., Mong. (Tuva ASSR). Described from Siberia. Type in London.

25)

69

Note. Extremely polymorphic and undoubtedly a collective species.
The leaves are especially variable. Several forms can be distinguished:
the narrow-leaved f.angustifolia A. Bor., occurring in the western
part of the distribution area (Ob, Irt., Yenis., Dau.), and the broadleaved
f.latifolium A. Bor., growing in the eastern part (Uss., Ze.-Bu., Korea,
Sakh., Jap.). A mostly branching form with elliptic, coarsely unequally
uncinate-dentate leaves is confined to the Maritime Territory. The
presence of a series of transitional forms renders the separation of new
species more difficult. Cultivated plants.

18. S.hyperaizoon Kom. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Princ. XXX, f. 1—2 (1931)
201.—S.aisoon var.latifolium Maxim., Prim., Fl. Amur. (1859) 115;
Bull. Ac. Pét. XXIX (1884) 143.

Perennial; rhizome short, multicipital; stems solitary, erect, robust,
ca.6 mm thick, to 85 cm high, not branching, glabrous; leaves alternate,
ovate-lanceolate, 8-10 cm long, 3—4 cm broad, cuneate at base, short-
petioled, coarsely serrate-dentate, obtuse, firm, subcoriaceous; inflorescence
obconical, broad, corymbiform-umbellate, compact, with short thick
branches, spreading subhorizontally, surrounded by numerous bracts; sepals
green, ovate or triangular-acuminate, attenuate at the apex; petals narrowly
lanceolate, ca.6 mm long, 3—4 times as long as calyx; stamens all equal,
shorter than petals; follicles stellately spreading, gibbous ventrally,
laterally compressed, with erect subulate beak ae as long as follicle;
seeds small, less than 1 mm long, ellipsoid, brown. June.

Rockse— haretasty wwiscr (on the shore of Russkii Island on rocks
among oak groves; Shufan on the Sungacha River). Endemic. Described
from the Far East (Russkii Island). Type in Leningrad.

Note. S.hyperaizoon Kom.is closely related to the polymorphic
S.alzoon L. It is an extreme form of the broadleaved Sa izoon >
very closely related toS.maximoviczii Rgl.,in cultivation in Japan,
and overwintering well in Leningrad.

19. S.kamtczaticum Fisch. in Ind. Sem. H. Petropol. 7 (1840) 54;
Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Pét. XXIX (1884) 145; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 182; Kom.,
Fl. Manch. II, 398; Kom.and Alis., Opr. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I, 601;
Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 449. — Ic.: Praeger in
Journ. Hort. Soc. (1921) f. 54c, 62.

Perennial; roots cordlike, slender; rhizome strong, woody, elongated,
with underground shoots; stems few, 30—40 cm high, erect or ascending,
sometimes rooting in lower part, with evenly spaced leaves; leaves
alternate, oblong-lanceolate, spatulate, with cuneate base, obtuse, coarsely
and obtusely dentate along the margin only at the apex, entire at base,
lower leaves almost all entire, dark green; inflorescence broad, loose,
flattish, corymbiform, with few-flowered short branches, 1—5-flowered,
surrounded by bracts surpassing the inflorescence; flowers sessile or
short-pediceled; sepals ovate, with elongated apex; corolla stellate,
orange-yellow; petals twice as long as sepals, lanceolate, apiculate;
stemans as long as or somewhat shorter than petals, with orange anthers;
pistils reddening after anthesis, connate to more than le from base, shorter

70

than corolla; follicles united to more than oat bright red at maturity,
stellately and horizontally spreading; seeds obovoid, dingy brown-yellow.
June — September.

Stony slopes. — Far East: Uss., Kamch., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch.
Described from specimen under cultivation. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Often cultivated as an ornamental plant. Cultivated
f. variegatum has white leaf spots.

There are the following hybrids: 1) S.aizoonXS.kamteczaticum,
with leaves as in S.aizoon, inflorescence and flowers as in
S.kamtezaticum; blooming like S.kamteczaticum 14 days earlier
than S.aizoon (Praeger, lc., f.57); 2)S.kamtezaticum X S.maxi-
mowiczii Praeger.

20. S.middendorfianum Maxim., Prim. Flor. Amur. (1859) 116; Ej. in
Bull. Ac. Péters. XXIX (1884) 146; Kom., Fl. Manch. II, 397; Berger in
Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 448.— S.aizoon var.middendor -
fianum Fréd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VI (1931) 80.— Ic.: Praeger in
Journ. Hort. Soc. (1921) f.54,59, Fréd., l.c., pl XLVIL, lj textiig, 609-613.

Perennial; rhizome creeping, woody, branching, long; stems numerous,
fruticose, old stems persistent, straight, suberect, branching at base,
glabrous, slender, leafy, 10-15 (30)cm high, with sterile, shorter shoots;
leaves narrow to linear, the lower spatulate, other leaves linear -spatulate,
with few obtuse teeth at the apex or obtusely crenate to the middle,
canaliculate, subobtuse; inflorescence rather loose, paniculate-corymbiform,
many -flowered, often with elongated-spreading, many -flowered ascending
branches with scattered flowers; sepals 5, linear, subobtuse; corolla
stellate, to 18mm in diameter; petals lanceolate to linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, twice as long as calyx, yellow, 5-6 mm long; stamens 10, half
as long as petals, with yellow filaments and orange anthers, those opposite
to petals adnate to them to ai of length from base; pistils adnate at
base to slender styles; hypogynous scales small, very short, whitish,
compressed, entire; follicles greenish, stellately spreading, 4mm long,
with very short beak, laterally compressed, lanceolate; seeds ovoid, small.
June — August.

Rock crevices, forests, stony soils. — E.Siberia: Lena-Kol., Dau.;

Far East: Okh., Uda. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch., N. Manchuria. Described
from Khadzhi (Sovetskaya Gavan). Type in Leningrad.

21. S.hybridum L., Sp. pl. (1753) 431; Ldb., Fl. Ross. IJ, 183; Maxim.
in Bull. Ac. Pét. XXIX (1884) 147; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI, 1412; Turcz., Fl.
baic.-dahur. I, 436; Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 449. —
Anacampseros hybrida Haw., Syn. ed. germ. (1819) 123.— Ic.:
Rchb., Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIII, tab.64; Praeger in Journ. Hort. Soc. (1921) f. 54e,
65; Fr6éd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VI (1931) pl. XLIX, textfig. 622—626,
Perennial; rhizome long, branching, woody, cordlike, creeping, with
slender roots; stems evergreen, not dying off, 15—20 (30) cm long, creeping,
prostrate and rooting, profusely branching; sterile shoots densely leafy,
short; fruiting shoots to 30 cm high, ascending, with smaller, remote
leaves; leaves alternate, 1.5—3(5)cm long, (0.8)1—2 cm broad, spatulate-
elliptic, obtusely dentate on the margin, often with reddish teeth, gradually

55

71

tapering to a long, cuneate, entire, petiole about as long as the blade,
subobtuse, glabrous, fleshy; inflorescence a terminal dense paniculate-
corymbiform cyme with elongated branches; sepals lanceolate, subobtuse,
pale green, ca. 3mm long, even, the apex not elongated, connate at base;
corolla yellow; petals twice as long as calyx, elliptic -lanceolate, acute,:
recurved, ca. 6mm long, 1.5mm broad; stamens opposite to petals slightly
shorter than them, those opposite to sepals about as long as petals, with yellow
filaments and orange anthers; pistils shorter than petals, lanceolate,
with filiform style, pale green; hypogynous scales very short, shorter
than broad, bluntly truncate at the apex; follicles elliptic, 7-8 mm long,
convex ventrally, obliquely declinate, stellately spreading, united to "%e
from base, green, reddish at the apex; seeds numerous, elliptic, obtuse,
less than 1mm long. Fl. from June, fr. July — August. (Plate IV,
Figure 5a).

Stony and gravelly soils, rock crevices, less often sandy and pebbly
bluffs; mainly mountain steppes, less often in southern parts of the
forest zone.— European part: Urals (central and southern parts of the
mountain range); W. Siberia: Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: Yenis., Ang. -Say.,
Lena-Kol.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (Akmolinsk), T.Sh. Gen. distr.:
N. Mong., Tuva. Described from S. Urals (Tataria, ad radices montium
uralensium). Type in London.

22, S. litorale Kom. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Prine. XXX, f.1—2 (1931) 201.

Perennial; rhizome elongated, creeping, simple, with a monocephalous
root; stems straong, Slightly flexuous, 32 cm long, lustrous, glabrous;
leaves in whorls of 3, the upper early deciduous, sessile, ovate or obovate-
lanceolate, 4—6 cm long, 1.8—3.5 em broad, subobtuse, rounded at the apex,
broadly serrate-dentate by uncinate adjacent teeth, with small white dots
on the blade; internodes ca. 6 cm long, inflorescence compact, with
angular branches; flowers short-pediceled or sessile, golden; sepals
thickened, whitish, triangular; petals lanceolate, acute, ca. 4mm long;
follicles stellately spreading, rounded dorsally, keeled ventrally, with
long horizontally declinate beak. August.

Collected on sandy seashores.— Far East: Uss. (Popov Island in Peter
the Great Bay near Vladivostok). Endemic. Described from the Far
East. (Popov Island). Type in Leningrad.

Series 2, Villosae A.Bor.— Entire plant densely pubescent.

23. S.selskianum Rel. et Maak in Rel., Tent. Fl. Ussur. (1861) 66;
Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Petersb. XXIX (1884) 145; Kom. and Alis., Opr.
rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I, 601; Kom., Fl. Manch. 396; Berger in Engl. u.
Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 449.— S.aizoon ssp.selskianum Fréd.
in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VI (1931) 80.— Ie.: Rgl., l.c., tab. VI, f. 9-10; Mém.
Ac. Se. VII, tab. IV, 4 (1861); Rgl., Gartenflora (1862) 169, tab. 361;
Praeger in Journ. Hort. Soc. (1921), £.58; Fréd., l.c., pl. XLVIII, 2;
textfig. 614—621,
Perennial; roots cordlike, numerous; rhizome short, woody; entire
plant covered with dense grayish pubescence; stems numerous reddish,

56

73

woody, erect or ascending, simple or branching, 35-40 cm high, leafy;
leaves alternate, sessile, declinate, crenate-serrate, spatulately narrow-
lanceolate or linear, subacute or subobtuse, entire and cuneate from middle
to base, 3-6 cm long, 0.3—1 cm broad; inflorescence corymbiform with
many -flowered branches surpassing bracts, 3-7cm in diameter, leafy;
flowers small, bright yellow, with very short pubescent pedicels; sepals
green, fleshy, usually glabrous or sparsely pubescent, triangular -lanceolate,
subobtuse, erect, free to base, ',—7/, as long as corolla; petals ca.5 mm
long, yellow, broadly lanceolate, acuminate or apiculate; stamens all equal,
not exserted, with yellow anthers; follicles small, rounded dorsally, declinate
at an obtuse angle from the middle, with long filiform beak; seeds light
brown, less than 1 mm long, ovoid, obtuse. July ~August.

Dry rocky and stony slopes, deciduous forests and fields. ~- Far Hast:
Uss. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch., Manchuria. Described from the Ussuri River.
Type in Leningrad,

Section 4, EUSEDUM Boiss., Fl. Or. II (1872) 775.— Genuina Koch,
Syn. Deutsch. u. Schweiz. fl. (1837) 259.— Plants with creeping rhizomes,
mostly evergreen, cespitose at base; stems erect, creeping or ascending
from base; flowering stems with sterile shoots; leaves mostly semiterete
or scalelike and thickened, otherwise flat and spatulate but then flowers
white or pinkish. Flowers white, red, pink, yellow.

Subsection 1. SPATHULATA A. Bor.— Leaves opposite, flat, spatulate,
oval or obovate; flowers white or pink.

Series 1. Involucratae Maxim. ex Berger, 1.c.,449,.— Plants without
white underground buds,

24. S.stevenianum Rouy et Camus, Fl. Fr. VII (1 901) 94; Grossh., FI.
Cauc. Il,226; Berger in Engl.u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 450; Fr6d. in
Acta Hort. Gothoburg. VII (1932) 12.— S.roseum Steven (non Scop.) in
Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. III (1812) 263; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 184; Boiss., Fl. Or. II,
402,— Ic.: Praeger in Journ. Hort. Soc. (1921) f.113; Grossh. in Monit.
Jard. Bot. Tiflis III, IV (1917) 135, £.6,

Perennial; roots fibrous; rhizome slender, branching, cordlike, cespitose;
stems slender, profusely branching, weak, flexuous, appressed to the ground
or ascending, creeping, glabrous, (2.5) 3—10 cm long, fruiting and sterile;
leaves opposite, more approximate on sterile shoots, flat, fleshy, sessile,
glabrous, entire, ovate or spatulate, cuneate at base, obtuse, 2—6 mm long,
1—4mm broad; inflorescence umbellate, (1) 3—9-flowered, 1—2 cm in
diameter; pedicels about as long as calyx; sepals glabrous, connate at base,
linear -lanceolate, obtuse, |, —'/, as long as petals, green; petals pink
or whitish, with pink keel, oblong-lanceolate, entire, subobtuse or with a
mucro 5—7mm long; stamens 10,'/, as long as petals, with green filaments
and pink or reddish anthers; hypogynous scales pale orange, suborbicular,
emarginate, forming a pocket, with differentiated lateral walls; follicles
green, erect, shorter than stamens; seeds small, ca.0.7 mm long, brown,
oblong-ovoid. June— August.

57

74

Rocky sites in the alpine zone. — Caucasus: Dag., E. Transc., possibly
in Cisc.on the northern slope of the Main Range. Gen.distr.: Bal.-As. Min.
(?). Described from the E. Caucasus, near the village of Budukh. Type
in Leningrad.

25. S.stoloniferum S.G. Gmel., Reise III (1774) 311; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II,
185; Boiss., Fl. Or. II, 779; Hamet in Acta Horti Tiflis. VIII,3 (1908) 8;
Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm.18a (1930) 450.— S.ibericum Stev.
in M.B.; Fl. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 312.— S.hybridum Urv.ex Boiss.,
FY.Or, IL; 779 non tiers Ie. Gmelin lc. tabsoeix Vatnas Praaoes
in Journ. Hort. Soc. (1921) f.111; Grossh. in Monit. Jard. Bot. Tiflis
IMI—IV (1917) 135, f.9; Fr6d. Acta Horti Gothoburg. VII (1932) pl. XXVIII,
textfig. 369—375.— Exs.: Herb. Fl. Cauc., No. 524,

Perennial; roots slender, fibrous; rhizome long, creeping, cordlike;
flowering, erect, 17—35 cm long, glabrous or scabridulous along the ribs,
sterile, ascending or prostrate, rooting, 5-12 cm long; leaves opposite, re
remote, flat, with petioles 3—7.5 mm long, the blade 8-15 mm long, 8-12 mm
broad, rounded-oval, rhomboid-spatulate or oval, with cuneate base, obtuse,
broadly sinuate-dentate, with a very narrow, transparent, light stripe;
young leaves with white dots, glabrous or pubescent; inflorescence
umbellate, with divaricate, elongated, flexuous branches, leafy, with
scattered flowers; bracts gradually tapering upward; flowers subsessile
or short -pediceled, 0.2—0.5cm long; sepals linear, subobtuse, We _ 7
as long as corolla, 2—3 mm long, green, connate at base; petals pink,
linear-lanceolate, acute, 5-8 mm long, 1.5mm broad; stamens 10, about
half as long as petals, the 5 opposite to the petals adnate to Ws of their
length; anthers bright red, filaments pink; pistils pink, later turning
white, convex ventrally, with short filiform style; hypogynous scales
very small, subquadrate, slightly emarginate, pink; follicles many-seeded,
stellately spreading, with 2 ventral protuberances; beak filiform; seeds
small, ovoid, subobtuse, 0.5—0.9 mm long, 0.4mm broad, tapering at one
end, blackish-brown. June— August. (Plate V, Figure 8a, b).

Typical forest plants, growing in the lower and middle mountain
zones on stony soils, sometimes in subalpine meadows. Rarely noted
as a weed of tea plantations and on mountain paths.— Caucasus: Cisce.,
W.and E. Transc., Tal., less in S. Transc., Dag. Gen.distr.: Iran.:
Asterabad [Gurgan], Gilan, Mazanderan; Arm.-Kurd. Described from the
province of Gilanin Iran. Type in Berlin.

Note. Inthe Caucasus this species is associated with large forest
tracts confined to the region of two relict forest floras: the Ponthian and
the Hyrcanian (Grossheim).

Economic importance. Ornamental plants.

26. S.spurium M. B., Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 352; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 183;
Boiss., Fl. Or. 1, 778; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 361; Grossh., Fl. Cauc. 1], 226; Hamet
in Acta Horti Tiflis. VIII, 3 (1 308) 11; Berger in Enelu. Pri, Natbilzim,
18a (1930) 450.— Crassula crenata Desf., Choix Cor. Tourn. (1808) 76,
tab.58.— Sedum crenatum Boiss., Fl. Or. II (1872) 779.—S.dentatum
DC., Prodr. III (1828) 403.— S.congestum C. Koch ex Boiss., l. c., 779. —

58

(75)

. SS

CS

ANU NS

Sei)
\

UN

s ey eI <7 f i
VIyay “

y

PLATE V. 1 —Sedum pentapetalum A,Bor,: a) fruit; 2—S,hispanicum L.: fruit; 3 —
S.pallidum M.B.: a) fruit; 4—S.rubrum (L,) Thell., in fruits: a) flower; 5—S,tetramerum
Trautv.,in fruits: a) flower; 6 —S.lenkoranicum Grossh.: a) flower, b) part of stem with leaf;
7—S.subulatum (C.A.M.) Boiss.: a) flower; 8—S.stoloniferum S.G, Gmel.: a) flower, b) fruit,

59

it

S.lazicum Boiss. et Huet, Diagn. Ser.1,2 (1856) 63.— S.ciliare Sweet,
Hort. Brit. (1827) 179. Anacampseras ciliaris Haw., Syn. pl.

Succul. (1819) 129.— Ie.: Praeger in Journ. Hort. Soc. (1921) £.110; Rchb.,

Ic. Fl. Germ. 23 (1898-1899), tab.46; Sims, Bot. Mag. (1823) tab.2370; Grossh.
in Monit. Jard. Bot. Tiflis I1—IV (1917) 135, f.7.— Exs.: HFR. no.1765.

Perennial; rhizome creeping, long; roots slender, branching, fibrous;
stems prostrate or ascending, the sterile shorter than the fruiting, 3-6 cm
long, with more crowded leaves; fruiting stems 6—20 (25)cm long, puberulous
or scabrous, with traces of fallen leaves; leaves fleshy, dark green, opposite,
obovate-cuneate, 1—2.5 cm long, 0.5—1 cm broad, subobtuse, subobtusely
dentate or crenate in upper part of leaves, puberulous, narrowly membranous
and ciliate on the margin; inflorescence divaricate, umbellate-corymbiform.
dense, mostly consisting of 4 strong, flexuous branches, with flowers in
the bifurcations; flowers with bracts surpassing inflorescence, subsessile
or short-pediceled, pink or purple, 10—15 mm long; sepals narrowly
lanceolate, erect, green or reddish, fleshy, persistent in fruit, parted almostto
base; corolla 2—2.5 times as long as sepals; petals lanceolate, acute,
keeled, constricted at the apex, usually erect, entire; stamens 10, slightly
shorter than petals. with red filaments and orange-red anthers, the stamens
opposite the petals united with them to '/, of lengthfrom base; pistils 5,
oblong, with erect style, pink; hypogynous scales whitish, broader than long;
erect follicles not stellately spreading, reddish, oblong-ovoid, striped. —
1mm long, 0.5mm broad; seeds numerous, small, less than 1 mm long,
subobtuse, oblong. June— August.

Rocky sites, in the middle and upper mountain zones, in subalpine
meadows.— Caucasus: mainly Cisc.and W. Transc., less in Dag. and
E.Transc. Wild in M. Dnp. near Korostyshev and in Bl. near Uman.

Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. (Turkish Armenia). Described from the Caucasus.
Type in Leningrad.

Economic importance. The most widespread species under cultivation,

grown as ornamental plants. Sometimes found wild.

27. S. oppositifolium Sims. Bot. Mag. tab. 1807 (1815), non Hamet;

ILGlo,,, 1s ROSS. Wi. Lele IOUS, dll, Ore. WL WSe EGmogsin,, il, Cawue. ll, 227, =
Sesipur idm wvac. alba) irautvedm A. Eee. Wal 87(6)h370ee— Se spur meme
Hamet in Acta Horti Tiflis. VII, 3 (1908) 11 (non M.B.).— S.spurium
Frod. in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VII (1932) 10.— Ic.: Bot. Mag.,1.c.; Rchb.,
Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIII (1898-1899) tab. 63; Grossh.in Monit. Jard. Bot. Tiflis
HIT (Si eksoy ty Ess: lerb. Hl,Cauc.. Now32t.

Perennial; rhizome creeping, long; roots slender, fibrous; stems
ascending, creeping at base, with traces of fallen leaves, pubescent, the
fruiting stems 6—15 cm long, the sterile shorter; leaves opposite, obovate-
cuneate, 1—2.5 cm long, 0.5—1.5 cm broad, short -petioled, subobtusely

60

78

truncate or subobtuse, coarsely crenate-dentate from the upper part to
the middle, puberulous or glabrous, ciliate and narrowly membranous on
the margin; inflorescence dense, umbellate, corymbiform, spreading, the
bracts not surpassing inflorescence; flowers short-pediceled or subsessile;
sepals lanceolate, obtuse, erect, light green; corolla 2—3 times as long
as sepals; petals linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 0.7—1.3 mm long, white or
pale yellowish cream-colored; stamens 10, with whitish filaments and
yellow, later dark, anthers, slightly or markedly shorter than petals
(ea. % as long); hypogynous scales emarginate, broader than long, attached
to carpels by their base and lateral edges, forming a kind of pocket; follicles
not stellately spreading, erect, with persistent calyx, green; seeds ovoid,
less than 1mm long, striped. July—August. Dry grassy, woodless, mainly
southern and pebbly slopes and taluses; vertical distribution range large. —
Caucasus: mainly E.and 8S. Transc., Dag., less in Cisc.and W. Transc.,
Tal. Gen.distr.: N. Iran. Described from the Caucasus. Type in London.
‘Note. This species is very closely related toS.spurium M.B.,
from which it is distinguished only by its white or pale yellow corolla,
somewhat different leaf shape, and distribution area. S.oppositifolium
Sims. occupies regions in the Caucasus where S.spurium does not occur.
S.oppositifolium is a more xerophytic species, growing in drier
regions in the E. and the S. Caucasus, while S.spurium grows mostly in
the more moist N.and (partly) W. parts. In Daghestan and in the former
District of Artvin, where both species occur, transitional forms with
indeterminate coloration may be found (according to Grossheim).
Economic importance. Widely cultivated, like S.spurium,as an
ornamental plant.

28. S.involucratum M. B., Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 352; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II,
1833) Boiss., Fl. Or: Il, 778; Grossh., Fl. Cauc. Il,226: Hamet in Acta Horti
Tiflis. VIII, 3 (1908) 15; Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930)
449.—S.spurium var.involucratum Fr6d.in Acta Horti Gothoburg.
VII (1932) 11.— Ic.: Gross. in Monit. Jard. Bot. Tiflis, HI-IV (1917) 135,
fe Wi

Perennial; rhizome creeping, long; roots slender, fibrous; stems
ascending, strong, simple, puberulous, the sterile ones 7—12 cm and the
fruiting stems 10—15cm high; leaves opposite, obovate-cuneate, the blade
1.5—1.8 cm long, 1.4—1.6 cm broad, with 4—6 mm petioles, ciliate-margined,
obscurely broadly sinuate, in upper part, truncate-obtuse, cuneate at
base; inflorescence umbellate-corymbiform, dense, closely surrounded
by large terminal leaves long-ciliate ontheir marginand often surpassing the
inflorescence; flowers ca. 10 mm long, sessile or with very short pedicels;
sepals narrowly lanceolate, light green, 2p, as long as petals, acuminate;
petals narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, white or yellowish, uneven-margined,
with very narrow white stripe; stamens 10, shorter than petals, more than
half as long as petals, with white filaments and later-darkening anthers;
hypogynous scales semiorbicular, deeply emarginate, broader than long;
mature fruit erect, not stellately spreading, without ventral thickenings,
their beak erect, linear; seeds ovoid, acute unilaterally, small, ca.0.5mm
long, brown. July — August.

61

79

80

Stony soils in subalpine meadows up to 2,600 —3,000 m.— Caucasus:
mainly Cise.— northern slope of Main Range,less in E. Transc. (Mt. Kazbek,
Kobi), and Dag. Endemic. Described from the Caucasus (Kobi). Type
in Leningrad.

Series 2. Proponticae Berger., l.c.,450.— Plants with spherical, white,
underground buds.

29. S. obtusifolium C.A.M., Enum. pl. Cauc. (1831) 150; Ldb., Fl. Ross. Il,
184; Boiss., Fl. Or. II, 777; Hamet in Acta Horti Tiflis. VII, 3 (1908), 11;
Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 450.— S.gemmiferum
Woron. in Izv. Kavk. Muz. V (1907) 205.— S.proponticum Aznavour in
Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 44 (1897) 169. — Ic.: Frod. in Acta Horti Gothoburg.

VII (1932) pl. XXIX, textfig., 376—383; Grossh.in Monit. Jard. Bot. Tiflis.
36 (1915) tab. 1; Grossh., l.c., I, IV (1917) 135, £.2; Praeger in Journ.
Hort. Soc. (1921) f.112.— Exs.: Herb. Norm. ed. Dérfler, No. 4871.

Perennial; roots slender, fibrous; rhizome short, with spherical, light-
colored buds, 5—8 mm in diameter, later becoming detached and germinating;
stems erect, villous, 10—25 cm high, strong; leaves opposite, flat, sessile,
6—30 mm long, 5—18 mm broad, the upper oblong-oval, the lower ovate-

rounded, larger, somewhat tapering toward base, obtuse, glabrous, reticulately ©

red veins, denticulate, with a very narrow, light, transparent stripe;
inflorescence umbellate, consisting of 2 or 3 obliquely ascending, leafy
branches; flowers subsessile, with lanceolate bracts; calyx with oblong-
lanceolate sepals, 2 = ie as long as sepals, glabrous; petals pink, lanceolate,
entire, acute, 7-8 mm long; stamens 10,7, as long as petals; pistils

oblong, as long as stamens, with short styles; hypogynous scales broader
than long,slightly emarginate and tapering; follicles and basal protuberance,
stellately spreading, lanceolate, with erect, subulate beak; seeds rounded-
ovoid. May— August.

Mountain-xerophyte zone. — Caucasus: E. Transc. (Azerbajan), Tal.
(Germin post, villate of Perimbal'). Gen.distr.: Arm.-Kurd.— possibly in
adjacent dry regions of Iran, Bal.-As. Min. (Asia Minor, opposite
Constantinople [Istanbul]). Described from Talysh. Type in Leningrad.

Note. A number of authors — among them Meyer, who described
S.obtusifolium, later Boissier (1872), Hamet (1908), Ledebour
(1844-1846) — give an incorrect description of this plant. The error
consisted in overlooking a character as important as the very characteristic
villous pubescence. In addition, Boissier mistakenly records the corolla
as being white instead of pink. Grossheim corrected these errors in
the Flora of the Caucasus.

30. S.listoniae Vis. in Inst. Sc. Venet. Mart.I (1841) 21; Boiss., Fl.
Or. II, 779; Berger in Engi.u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 450.— S.cariense
Jaub. et Spach, Ill. pl. Or. I (1842—1843) 16.— S.anatolicum C.Koch in
Linnaea XIX (1847) 41.— S.obtusifolium var.listoniae Fr6d.in
Acta Horti Gothoburg. VII (1932) 51.— Ie.: Visiani, l.c.,tab.6; Jaub. et Sp.,
l.c.tab. 7; Frod. pl. XXIX, textfig. 384—393.

81

Perennial; rhizome with small spherical buds and slender roots;
flowering stems 10—25 cm long, sterile stems 9-12 mm long. Cespitose
plants, ascending, glandular-puberulous; leaves opposite on the sterile and
approximate on the fruiting stems, the lower leaves opposite, the upper
remote, alternate, all flat, sessile, ciliate-margined and entire, spatulately
obovate or oblong, obtuse, tapering toward base, 1.5—4 cm long, 1—3 cm
broad (according to Hamet); inflorescence umbellate or paniculate, broad,
with sparse, declinate, sparsely glandular-pubescent branches, leafy;
flowers 9—18, small, with pedicels, ca.1 mm long; sepals linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, glabrous; petals pink, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire,
glabrous, often glandular-pubescent along the keel, 6—& mm long, 3 times
as long as calyx; stamens 10,the 5 opposite to petals half as long as and
adnate to them nearly to the middle; pistils with short subulate-filiform
style; hypogynous scales semiorbicular, entire or slightly emarginaie,
broader than long; follicles approximate, not inflated ventrally, erect,
villous on the outside, 6—7 mm long; seeds ovoid, less than 1 mm long.

Caucasus: Recorded for S. Transc. — Armenia, Nakhichevan, Bezoglyban
(K6nig). This indication should be verified. Gen.distr.: Bal.-As. Min.
Known from Asia Minor (Bithynia, Ankara, Karya). Described from
Asia Minor. Type in Venice.

Note. We have no specimen from the Caucasus. A species closely
related to S.obtusifolium, distinguished by narrower leaves and by
glandular-pubescent inflorescence branches (Grossheim). According to
Hamet, the sterile shoots of S.listoniae have semiterete instead of
flat leaves and follicles are not divaricate; this species would thus be
remote from S.obtusifolium, which is unlikely. Judging by the
illustration of S.cariense Jaub. et Sp.,a synonym of S.listoniae,
this species is closely related to S.obtusifolium C.A. M. and to
S.stoloniferum Gmel. Raymond-Hamet considers S.listoniae Vis.
as a synonym of S.obtusifolium C.A.M.,as wellas of S.bornmulleri
Hausskn. (S.rhodanthum Bornm.), known from Mt. Deli -dag in Armenia.

Subsection 2. CRASSIFOLIAE A. Bor.— Leaves alternate, terete or
thickened, linear -subulate to oblong.

Series 1. Albae Berger, l.c., 452 (emend.). — Flowers white, pinkish, or
reddish.

31. S.tenellum M. B., Fl. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 315; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 188;
Boiss., Fl. Or. Il, 782; Hamet in Acta Horti Tiflis. VII, 3 (1908) 19;
Grossh., Fl. Cauc. II, 228; Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930)
453.—Ic.: Frod.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VII (1932) pl. XVIIL, textfig.
212—220; Grossh.in Monit. Jard. Bot. Tiflis III, IV (1917) 135, f.19.
Perennial; roots fibrous; cespitose plants with flowering and sterile
shoots, branching from base; stems numerous, glabrous; flowering
shoots 4—10 cm long, erect or ascending, leafy, slender; sterile shoots
1—3 cm high, with densely imbricated leaves; leaves alternate, oblong,
terete, fleshy, free at base, with obtuse spur, sessile, glabrous, obtuse,

63

82

entire, 3—5 mm long, ca. 1—1.5cm broad, remote on fruiting stems,
approximate on the sterile, green, sometimes reddish; inflorescence
corymbiform or paniculate with few or up to 25 flowers, rather loose;
pedicels as long or about as long as calyx; flowers small, 5-merous;
corolla 1.5—2 times as long as calyx; calyx green, connate at base,

with oblong-lanceolate obtuse lobes, glabrous; petals 5, glabrous, ovate-
lanceolate or ovate, entire or slightly emarginate, apiculate, 3—4 mm long,
red or whitish; stamens 10, 245 as long as petals, as long as or slightly
shorter than pistils, with red filaments and dark reniform anthers; pistils 5,
ovate or oblong-ovate, glabrous, with short curved style and capitate stigma;
hypogynous scales large, about half as long as pistils, ca. 1 mm long, on long,
erect pedicel, with an oblate, emarginate part ca. 1mm broad, rounded or
with a projecting at the top; follicle erect, connate below, convex in the
upper part, on the inner side, near the beak; seeds oblong-ovoid, small,
ca.0.5mm long, brown. June—July.

Pebbly and stony soils in the high-mountain zone at 2000—3000 m. —
Caucasus: Dag., E.,S.,and W. Transc. Gen.distr.: Iran. (Elburz Mts.),
Arm.-Kurd. (former Artvin District; Kars Region). Described from
the Caucasus (Lars). Type in Leningrad.

* 32. S.lydium Boiss., Diagn. pl. nov. ser. 1, 3 (1843) 17; Fl. Or. Il, 782;
Grossh., Fl. Cauc. II, 228; Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pfzlfm. 18a (1930)
453.— Ie.: Praeger in Journ. Hort. Soc. (1 921) f.106; Frod.in Acta Horti
Gothoburg. VII (1932) pl. XIX, textfig. 221-229.

Perennial; roots fibrous, arising from a slender, creeping rhizome;
cespitose plants with flowering and shorter sterile shoots, branching
from base; stems ascending, (5) 7—10cm high, densely leafy, slender;
leaves alternate, narrowly linear or lanceolate, terete, subobtuse, 4—6 (8)mm
long, ca. 1 mm broad, glabrous, more approximate on sterile shoots, green
or reddening; inflorescence dense, nearly capitate-corymbiform, ca. 1—2 cm
broad, many -flowered, with short, densely flowered branches; pedicels
shorter than or as long as calyx; flowers small, 5-merous; calyx nearly
?/, as long as corolla, with ovate, subobtuse sepals; petals pink, sometimes
whitish, ovate -lanceolate, subobtuse, 3-5 mm long; stamens 10, scarcely
shorter than petals, with white filaments and dark anthers; hypogynous
scales yellow, elongate-cuneate-spatulate, emarginate; follicles erect
white, later reddening, shorter than stamens, with slender beak ca.1 mm
long, minutely tuberculate; seeds glabrous, ovoid, subobtuse, very small,
ca.0.5mm long. June.

Moist soils in the subalpine zone. — Outside the USSR. Gen. distr.:
Arm.-Kurd: former Artvin district; Bal.-As. Min: As. Min. Described
from Asia Minor (Lydia, Karya). Type in Geneva.

Note. Often in cultivation, used for carpet-like flower beds.

33. S.album L., Sp. pl. (1753) 432; Ldb., Fl. Ross. Le Lois Borsisteshile
Or. II, 781; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 362; Hamet in Acta Horti Tiflis. VIII, 3 (1908) 21;
Grossh., Fl. Cauc. II, 228; Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 453. —
Ic.: Rchb., Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIII (1898—1899) tab.55; Hegi, Ill. Fl. IV, 2 (1925)
tab.140, f.8; f.916; Praeger in Journ. Hort. Soc. (1921) 182; Grossh.in
Monit. Jard. Bot. Tiflis II—IV (1917) 135, f.16; Fr6d.in Acta Horti Gothoburg.
VII (1932) po. XII—XIII, textfig. 151-160. — Exs.: Fl. Exs. Reipubl. Bohem.
Sloven., No. 324; Pl. Finl. exs., No. 250; HFR, No.1717.

64

Perennial, with creeping rhizome and fibrous roots, cespitose in lower
part, branching at base, with prostrate,sterile, densely leafy shoots, 2-3cm
long; stems fruiting, ascending; flowering shoots 8—20 (30)cm long, erect,
slender, simple, glabrous; leaves alternate, terete or flattish, sessile, with
a blunt short spur at base, remote from the stem, glabrous, oblong or
oblong-ovate, obtuse, 7-10 mm long, 1—2 mm broad, remote on the
flowering shoots and crowded on the sterile; inflorescence bifurcate-
corymbiform or paniculate; pedicels as long or longer than calyx; flowers
numerous, small,5-merous; sepals glabrous, connate at base, broadly
ovate, obtuse, green, persistent in fruit; petals white, ovate-oblong,
entire, subobtuse, 3-5 mm long, 3—4 times as long as calyx, slightly connate
at base; stamens 10, about as long as petals, with white filaments and red
reniform anthers; stamens opposite to petals adnate tothem at base; hypogynous
scales compact, small, broadly clavate, tapering to a short pedicel, convex
at the apex or bluntly emarginate; follicles 5, erect, compressed, straight,
pale green, not gibbous ventrally, oblong, with slender subulate beak ca. 1mm
long, villous inside; seeds small, oblong, ca.1 mm long, brownish. June —
July.

Stony soils. European part: Crim. (?); Caucasus: mainly in E. Transc.
and Cisc., less inS.and W. Transc. Gen.distr.: throughout Eur. from
England and Scand. to Italy, Spain, Baltic States (Finland, Aland Islands,
Hiiumaa, Saare), N. Afr., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd. Described from
Europe. Type in London.

Note. Extremely polymorphic species needing further critical
investigation. Dimensions of entire plant and of leaves, flowers, and
inflorescence vary greatly. A whole series of species have been described,
such as S.micranthum Bast.(v.micranthum DC.) with oblong leaves;
S.turgidum Ram. (v.turgidum DC.) with ovate leaves; S.athoum DC.,
distinguished by acute petals (?); S.albellum Bess.,S.balticum Hartm.,
and a number of other closely related species requiring thorough
verification, and for the present recorded as synonyms of S.album. L.and Ldb.
indicates S.transbaicalense Schlecht. pat.in Herb, reg. berol.as a
synonym of S.album; this is undoubtedly an error, for S.album does not
grow in Siberia.

34. S. gracile C. A. M., Enum. plant. Cauc. (1831) 151; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II,
186; Boiss., Fl. Or. II, 781; Hamet in Acta Horti Tiflis. -VIII, 3 (1908) 25;
Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 453.— S.alberti Praeger
in Journ. Hort. Soc. (1921) 19 1,non Rgl.— Ic.: Frdd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg.
VII (1932) pl. XXX, textfig. 394-403; Praeger, l.c., f.107, 108; Grossh.in
Monit. Jard. Bot. Tiflis. III and IV (1917) 135, f.15.

Perennial; roots fibrous, cespitose, branching plants with flowering
shoots 4—6 cm long and with sterile shoots 1.5—3cm long; flowering
shoots curved or straight, ascending at base, slender, simple, glabrous,
divaricate, densely leafy; sterile shoots densely imbricate-leaved; leaves
alternate, 5—6 mm long, 1—1.3mm broad, terete, linear-subulate or linear -
oblong, glabrous, sessile, subobtuse, with a remote blunt spur at the base;
inflorescence corymbiform, broad, 1.5—2.5 cm long, many -flowered, leafy,
with 2—3 elongated, declinate, secund, flexuous branches; flowers short-
pediceled or sessile, small, numerous, 5-merous; bracts ovate, acute;

65

84

sepals 5, connate at base, elliptic, broadly triangular, subobtuse, green,

M, — Me as long as corolla; petals 3—4 mm long, lanceolate, acuminate, white,
keeled; stamens 10,the 5 opposite to petals adnate tothem to the middle; all
stamens shorter than petals, as long as fruit, with white filaments and red
anthers; hypogynous scales cuneate, oblong, emarginate; follicles glabrous,
ovoid-oblong with a beak 1—1.5 mm long, whitish or pale greenish, initially
erect, later slightly divergent, convex on the inside; seeds small, brown,
oblong-ovoid. June-July. Stony soils in mountains in the subalpine and
alpine zones. — Caucasus: Cisc., Dag. (often); E.and W. Transce. (rarely);

S. Transe. Gen.distr.: Arm.-Kurd., former Artvin District,

Samachur Range. Described from the Caucasus, Gutgora. Type

in Leningrad.

35, S. lenkoranicum Grossh. in Monit. Jard. Bot. Tiflis. III—IV (1915)
173; Grossh. Fl. Cauce. II, 229.— Ic.: Grossh. in Monit. Jard. Bot. (1917)
135, £.19

Perennial, green, cespitose; stems ascending, (5) 10—15 (20) cm high,
densely leafy, branching; sterile shoots densely covered with imbricate
leaves; leaves alternate, terete, subulate, obtuse, 3-6 mm long; inflorescence
few -flowered, subcorymbiform, 2—3-branched; flowers with
bracts resembling cauline leaves, subsessile or with very short pedicels;
sepals green, oblong-lanceolate, subobtuse, connate at base, nearly A as
long as petals; petals white or pinkish (especially when dry), lanceolate,
acuminate, 6-7 mm long; stamens shorter than petals, slightly longer
than pistils, with white filaments and dark anthers; hypogynous scales
reduced, obtuse, emarginate; follicles lanceolate, convex, ca.5 mm long,
with filiform beak 1mm long, not stellately spreading at maturity, erect;
seeds light brown, small, ca. 0.5mm long, elongate-ovoid. June-July.
(Plate V, Figure 6a—b).

Rocks in the high-mountain zone.— Caucasus: Tal. Gen. distr.:

Arm. -Kurd. (former Kars Region), Iran. Described from mountainous
Talysh. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Species closely related toS.gracile C. A.M. but distinguished
by its greater size, few-flowered inflorescence, larger flowers, and shape
of hypogynous scales. In addition, the distribution area of this species
does not coincide with that of S.gracile, which is characteristic for the
Greater and Lesser Caucasus. Meyer made a distinction between
S.gracile with small and S.gracile with large flowers.

36. S.subulatum (C. A.M.) Boiss., Fl. Or. II (1872) 783; Hamet in Acta
Horti Tiflis. VII, 3 (1908) 21; Grossh., Fl. Cauc., I, 228; Fréd.in Acta
Horti Gothoburg. VII (1932) 23.— S.acutifolium Ldb., Fl. Ross. II
(1844-1846) 187; Boiss., l.c.; Shmal's., Fl. I, 362; Berger in Engl. u. Pr.,
Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 453.— S.calverti Boiss., Diagn. Ser. II, 2 (1856)
62.— Cotyledon subulata C.A.M., Enum. plant. Cauce. (1831) 150. —
Umbilicus subulatus Ldb., lc, p.178.— Ic.: Grossh. in MonitiJard
Bot. Tiflis III—IV (1917) 135, f.1.

66

85

86

Perennial; roots thickened, numerous, cespitose. Plants with fruiting
shoots and with densely leafy sterile shoots; stems little branching,
suberect or ascending, (5)10—20 cm high, sometimes higher; leaves
alternate, fleshy, subulate-linear, acuminate, spreading at base, spur red,
erect, glabrous, glaucous-green, 9-11 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm broad, entire;
inflorescence corymbiform, capitate, dense, with scorpioid branches;
flowers with short pedicels as long as bracts, shorter than calyx, 5-merous,
numerous; sepals glabrous, connate at base, ovate, acuminate, '/, — '/,
as long as corolla; petals oblong-ovate, erect, entire, obtuse or apiculate,
white, connate at base,ca.5mm long; stamens 10, about as long as petals
or slightly exserted, with white filaments and dark anthers; hypogynous
scales very small, flabellate, broader than long, of dense tissue at center
and of thin, transparent tissue on the margin, irregularly toothed; follicles
glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, connate below, without gibbosity on the inside,
with long subulate beak about as long as fruit without beak; seeds ovoid,
brown, 1mm long. June-July. (Plate V, Figure 7a).

Stony soils, mountains, at 1,200—2,100 m.— European part: L. Don,

(S. part of the Stalingrad [Volgograd] District near the village of Ivanovka —
separated from the common distribution area) — Caucasus: Cisc.

(Main Range, Voroshilovsk [Stavropol]), fi. Transe,, Dag.,o. lranse., lake
Gen. distr.: Arm. -Kurd. (Turkish Armenia, former Kars Region). Described
from Talysh. Type in Leningrad.

37. S.alberti Rgl., Descr. pl. nov.in A. H. P. VI, 2 (1879) 299.— S.affine
Hamet in Candollea IV (1929-1931) 4, non Boreau (1866).— S.schrenkii
Froéd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VII (1932) 22.— Umbilicus affinis
Schrenk, Enum. pl. nov. I (1841) 72; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 173.— Cotyledon
alfinis Maxim. in Mél. biol. XI (1883) tab. 23; Bull. Ac. Sc. Pét. XXIX
(1884) 120.— Pseudosedum affine Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat.

Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 465.— Ic,: Frdéd., l.c., pl. XI, textfig. 141-150; Gartenflora
(1880) tab. 1019, f. 2.

Perennial; roots branching, numerous, cespitose, cordlike; stems
numerous, ascending or erect, sterile, reduced, 1—5 (8)cm high, densely,
almost imbricately leaved; fruiting stems 7—15 (25) cm high, mostly
ascending at base, simple, the leaves arranged less compactly; leaves
alternate, fleshy, subterete, rather flat in upper part, linear or linear-
oblong, obtuse, surface covered with minute sharp tubercles, 2—7 (11)mm
long, 1—1.5(2) mm broad at base with rounded or obtuse margin, ca. 0.5mm
broad, attenuate downward, and appressed to stem, inflorescence
corymbiform, with scorpioid secund branches, 1.5—2.5cm long, 2.5—4 cm
broad; flowers 5-merous, subsessile or with pedicels 0.5—1 mm long, shorter
than calyx, sepals 1.5—2 mm long, connate at base, ovate, tapering toward
the apex, subobtuse, ca. 1 mm broad, “fi as long as corolla; petals white,
ca.5mm long, 2mm broad, connate only at base, oblong-ovate, apiculate,
subobtuse; stamens 10, with dark violet anthers; the stamens opposite
to sepals as long as or somewhat shorter than petals, those opposite to petals still
shorter; hypogynous scales short and broad, crenulate-subtrunctate, ca. 0.5 mm
long; follicles many-seeded, oblong-ovoid, 3—3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, with
beak 2.5—3 mm long, about as long as follicles, protruding from corolla;
seeds small, oblong-ovoid, less than 1 mm long, brown, obtuse. Fl. May —
July, fr. July — August.

67

87

Stony mountain slopes, rock crevices, pebbles, argillaceous bluffs, dry |
stony riverbeds, at ca.1,100—1,750 m.— W. Siberia: Irt. (Kokchetay,
Pavlodar, and Karkaralinsk Mountains), Alt. (foothills of S. Altai);

Cente rAsia Air. -Caisprs (Ulu-Tau Mountains), IW, Slai,. IDZitls = Waal).
Gen, distr.: Dzu.-Kash. (Kuldja). Described from E. Turkestan. Type
in Leningrad.

Nove, Ys. alive tiv ihel ditferstirom Uscaii i nis ochrenk neither
in its description nor according to the authentic specimen. The described
species is closest toS.subulatum (C. A.M.) Boiss., from which it
is distinguished by its linear-oblong leaves, subobtuse petals, subobtuse
sepals, and completely different distribution area.

Series 2. Rupestres Berger, l.c.,456.— Leaves linear-subulate, semi-
terete, appendaged; flowers yellow. |

38. S.reflexum L., Sp. pl. ed.2 (1762) 618; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 361; Grossh.,
Fl. Cauc. Il, 227; Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 456. —

Ie.: Rehb., Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIII, tab. 60; Berger in Journ. Hort. Soc. (1921)
268.

Perennial, with creeping rhizome; fruiting stems 15—25 (40)cm high,
erect, ascending, creeping at base, not branching; sterile shoots creeping
or ascending, branching; leaves greenish, glabrous, sessile, remote on
fruiting shoots and crowded on the sterile, semiterete, linear-subulate,
mucronate, with a small basal tubercle pointing downward; inflorescence
corymbiform, initially dense, later rather loose, branching, the flowers
short -pediceled, 5—7-merous; sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute, green,
fleshy, persistent in fruit, shortly connate at base; petals bright yellow,
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acuminate, twice as long as calyx or
longer, keeled on the back, divaricate; stamens 10—14, yellow, shorter
than petals; hypogynous scales yellow, quadrate; follicles yellowish, erect,
as long as stamens, lanceolate, with long subulate beak; seeds small,
numerous. July.

Sandy and stony soils. — European part: M. Dnp. (Korystyshev — ila
gardens, probably introduced); Caucasus: reported for the upper mountain
zone, on the Slopes of the Terskei Ala-Tau (Grossheim, l.c.); there is a
specimen from Kazbek in the herbarium of the Botanical Institute (collected
by Lagovskii). Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur.: Poland, N., W., and Centr. Eur.;
N.Am.— introduced. Described from Europe. Type in London.

Note. The reports for the Caucasus are apparently erroneous.
Ledebour's report concerning Sibiria uralensis (Lepekhin) and for
the Inder Mountains (Pallas) should also be considered erroneous.

Series 3. Mites Berger,1.c.,455.— Leaves linear, terete, appendaged;
flowers yellow.

39. S. sexangulare L., Sp. pl. (1753) 432; Praeger in Journ. Hort. Soc.

(1921) 263; Fréd. in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VII (1931) 60; Pachoskii, FI.
Poles'ya in Tr. Khar'k. O-va Estestv., XXX (1 900) pools Huber vin Heddes

68

88

Repertorium sp. nov. XL, 20—25 (1936) 364.— S.mite Gilib., Fl. Lithuan. V
(1781) 192; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mittel-Europa, IV, 2 (1925) 539; Berger in Engl.
u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 455.— S.boloniense Loisl. in Desv., Journ.
Bot., 2 (1809) 327; Shae pe Ml is ole Pachosiit yl. en, KeCVIly, 208. — les:
eon le. Hl. Germ eocil, tab.ot > Pracgerin Journ) HortAsoc: (1921)
Ppp rod.) Gnlscs) pl. SOOV,, textiicl 478406; wHegi, lc tab. 140yf25;
POZO

Perennial; roots slender, cordlike, arising from creeping, branching
rhizome; stems 8—18cm high, creeping, branching, ascending, densely
leafy, fruiting shoots overtopping the sterile; leaves linear, terete, with

an obtuse basal appendage, subobtuse, ca. 0.5cm long, ca. 1 mm broad,
more crowded on sterile shoots; inflorescence a loose, corymbiform
cyme, usually with 3 (4) branches; bracts ovate, acute; flowers sessile,
5-merous; sepals green, linear or linear-lanceolate, connate at base,

ca.2 mm long, obtuse; corolla twice as long as calyx, pale yellow, with
linear-lanceolate, acute petals, ca.4mm long, ca. 1mm broad; stamens 10,
shorter than petals, yellow; hypogynous scales yellow, small, subquadrate;
follicles as long as stamens, erect, with long filiform beak; seeds small,
numerous, rounded, obtuse. June— July.

Dry sandy and stony soils.— European part: S.sexangulare may
occur in the USSR, but only inthe Far West; reported for M. Dnp. (Podolia,
near the Zbruch, Dniester, and Bug rivers, near Goloskov) (Shmalhausen).
Gen. distr.: Poland and farther west, almost all of Europe; occurs in the
Aland Islands; naturalized in some sites in England. Described from
N. Europe. Type in London.

Note. Many authors have considered S.sexangulare as one of the
forms of S.acre (Hegi, Berger), or as its synonym; often the same
illustrations were labeled both as S.xacre andas S.sexangulare (for
example in Maevskii in old editions, in Syreishchikov, etc.). Judging
by Linnaeus's short description,S.sexangulare can be considered as
one of the ecological forms of S.acre. However, basing our decision
on the work of Huber (Ge oe. )), who has seen authentic specimens from the
Linnaean Herbarium, we follow the example of Praeger (1. c.) and
Froderstrom Ge c.) in considering S.sexangulare L. the same as
S.mite Gilib., but S.boloniense Lois.an independent species.

Series 4. Acres Berger.,l.c.,454.— Leaves triangular -ovate, broadening
toward base, unappendaged. Flowers yellow.

40. S.acre L., Sp. pl. (1753) 432; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 187; Boiss., Fl. Or. II,
783; Shmal'g., Fl. 1,361; Kamch., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI, 1413; Berger in Engl.
u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 454.— S.sexa AMEN Lele (Sie AUCIES avr by —
Ie.: Rehb., Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIII, tab. 51; Borisova in Sbornye rast. SSSR
Ill (1934) 115; Fr6éd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VII (1932) pl. XXXV, textfig.
016—526.— Exs.: Pl. Finl. exs. No. 701; Fl. polonica exs. No.634; HFR
No. 462.

Perennial, glabrous, with slender cordlike, creeping and branching
rhizome; stems numerous, ascending or decumbent, fleshy; flowering shoots
4—15 cm high, ascending; sterile shoots 1—3 cm high, often decumbent;

69

89

leaves fleshy, ovate, obtuse, convex on the back, thickened at base, with
rounded gibbosity, 2—5 mm long, 2—3.5 mm broad, imbricate's arranged

in 5 or 6 rows on sterile shoots, more remote on flowering shoot~:
inflorescence a cyme of 3—5 spiciform branches, spreading or compressed,
the flowers subsessile, 5-merous; sepals 2—3 mm long, oblong-ovate,
glaucous -green or yellowish, free to the base; corolla 2—3 times as long
as calyx, with golden-yellow, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute petals
4.5mm long, 1.5—2 mm broad; stamens 10, slightly shorter than petals;
hypogynous scales broader than long or subquadrate, ca.0.5 mm long and
broad; follicles pale green or whitish, 3.5—4.5 mm long, lanceolate, stellately
spreading, with short straight beak; seeds small, numerous, 0.5—1 mm long,
ovoid, light brown. May— July.

Dry elevations, mostly on sandy soil, shore sands, sometimes stony
and limestone soils; sometimes as a weed, in crop fields, mainly at the
edges. Widespread almost throughout the RSFSR* from the Kola Peninsula
and the Solovetskie Islands to the Crimea and the Caucasus; in W. Siberia
from 60.5° N. (rare). — European part: Kar. —Lap.,) Lad. -llm., Dyv.sPechim,
common in W. Perm Region, rare in E. part (Cherdyn, Verkhotur'e),
V.;Don, Bl., L. Don, Transv., L. V., Crim.; Wrsibemiasaceported tame be
near the village of Zyranka on the Pyshma River and near Lake
Alexandrovskoe (Schmalhausen); Caucasus: Cise., W. and E. Transc.

Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min., Med., nearly all of W. Eur., with the exception
of the southernmost part of islands in southern Italy and most of the
Balkan Peninsula, As. Min., N. Afr., N. Am. — introduced. Described from
Europe. Type in London.

Economic importance. The sap of the green parts of S.acre is
poisonous; used locally to provoke blushing (the ''water of life" of folk
tales); freshly collected plants applied to the skin cause inflammation and
blisters, hence the vernacular name "'pryshchinets"' (pimple); it has the
same effects as Ranunculus flammula.

Series 5. Japonicae Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Pet. XXIX (1884) 148. —
Leaves linear, without basal appendage; flowers yellow.

¥41. S. polytrichoides Hensl. ex Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
Lond. XXIII (1886—1888) 186; Kom., Fl. Manch. II, 398.— S.coreense Nak.
in Fedde, Repert. XI (1913-1915) EMA, —= Nn IDOrines: Gy lateianSil.. lo G5.
tab. VILB, f.4; Frod.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VI (1930) pl. LV, textfig.
694—702.

Perennial, cespitose, with slender creeping rhizome, covered by dark
brown dry leaf remnants; stems (3)5—-10cm long, numerous, branching
from base, some sterile, slender, curved, ascending, densely leafy; leaves
alternate, narrow, lanceolate-linear or linear, without basal appendage,
more remote on flowering shoots, 0.5—1.5 mm long, 1—2 mm broad;
inflorescence corymbiform, 2—3-branched; flowers 3—15, short-pediceled,
stellately open, 5-merous; sepals short, i= We as_long as corolla, ovate,
1.5—2 mm long, acuminate; petals nearly free, narrowly lanceolate, golden-
yellow, acuminate, 5—6 mm long; stamens shorter than flowers, witn yellow

* [The Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic.]

70

filaments and rounded anthers; hypogynous scales small, suborbicular,
slightly narrowing toward base; follicles substellately spreading, with
long, erect beak, ca. 1.5mm long, connate at base, 4.5—5 mm long, ovoid-
oblong; seeds oblong, small,less than 1mm long, brown, obtuse. Fl.
July —August, fr. August — September.

Forests, moist rocks covered by moss carpets, Shady or somewhat
shady sites; growing in large groups. At USSR borders. Gen.distr.:
Jap.-Ch. (Kirin Province, Manchuria). Described from Chekiang, Ningpo.
Type in London.

Section 5. EPETEIUM Boiss, Fl. Or. II (1872) 776.— Flowers 5-merous,
less often 4—9-merous; inflorescence corymbiform or umbellate, with
2 to few branches, or spiciform. Mainly annuals, less often biennials, with
slender roots; flowering specimens without sterile shoots; leaves
alternate, semiterete or terete, less often flattish. Species distributed
mainly in the Mediterranean area.

Series 1. Hispanicae A.Bor.— Stamens in two series, twice as many as
petals. Calyx shorter than petals.

42. S.hispanicum L., Sp. pl. (1753) 618, non S.hispanicum Raymond
Hames idb., Pl) Rossel, 185; Shnialle.j 92 1,362, Bergersin Englijus Pe,
Nat. Pflzfm.18a (1930) 461; Fréd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VII (1932) 79. —
S.glaucum Waldst. et Kit., Descr. et icon. plant. rare. Hungar. II (1805)
198; Boiss., Fl. Or. II, 789.—S.sexfidum M.B., Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808)
354.— S.orientale Boiss., Diagn. Ser. 1,10 (1849) 17.—S.armenum
Boiss., Diagn. Ser. II, 2 (1856) 61.— S.heptapetalum Fisch. in Ldb., l.c.,
ie6e—wWes: HRchb.) le. His Germ.Xxxul, tabyollss Walidstiethit., 1) c.) tabs Lisi:
Sibthorp, Fl. Graeca 5, tab.449; Jacquin, Fl. Austriac.5,tab.47; Hallier,

Fl, Deutschland 26, p.2643; Praeger in Journ. Hort. Soc. (1921) £.178; Hegi,
Ill. Fl. f£.912; Grossh.in Monit. Jard. Bot. Tiflis. II—IV (1917) 135, £.20.—
Exs.: Fl. exs. Austr.-Hung., No. 3680.

Annual or biennial; roots short, little developed; stems usually branching
from base, 5—10 (20)cem long, more or less glandular -pubescent, with
ascending, simple branches; leaves sessile, alternate, linear, or oblong-
lanceolate, flat or semiterete, mostly subacute, slightly tapering toward the
apex, glabrous, pale green, often reddening, 0.5—0.8 cm long, diminishing
toward the inflorescence; inflorescence of 3—4, often secund branches,
leafy; flowers short-pediceled, or subsessile, 6-, sometimes 7—9-merous;
sepals pubescent, ovate, acute, hs as long as corolla, green; petals lanceolate,
acuminate, glabrous, white with a reddish median line, subcarinate, 4-5 mm
long; stamens 12 (14-18), shorter than petals, longer than pistils, with
white filaments and subrounded dark purple anthers; pistils compressed-
conical, initially white, later reddening, pubescent, with glabrous subulate
style; hypogynous scales yellow, subternate, narrower at the base; follicles
6 (7-9), stellately spreading, rounded-ovoid or ovoid, ca.2—3 mm long,
with a ventral protuberance arising at very tip of fruit from subulate,
somewhat curved beak; seeds numerous, very small, oblong-ovoid,-

71

SIL

compressed, subobtuse, brown. June—July. (Plate V, Figure 2).

Dry stony slopes, mainly in the middle zone of mountains. — European
part: Crim.; Caucasus: mainly E. Transc. (Main Range), Cisc., Dag., less
in W.and S. Transe.and Tal. Gen.distr.: Arm.-Kurd. (former Artvin
District), Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from Spain (?). Type in London.

Note. lLinnaeus's report on the occurrence of S.hispanicum in
Spain is doubtful; however,the name he gave has priority and must be
retained. It is most probable that this species has been described from
specimens grown in botanical gardens.

43. S.pentapetalum A. Bor. sp. nova in Addenda VIII, p. 367. —
S.hispanicum auct.—S.glaucum auct.

Annual, not branching, with erect stem, with few erect branches only
in the inflorescence; stems solitary, leafy, more or less glandular-
pubescent, erect, 5—10(15)cm high; leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate,
fleshy, subobtuse, sparsely glandular-pubescent, 1—2 cm long, 1-3 mm
broad; inflorescence corymbiform, leafy, of (1)2—3 branches arranged
in upper third of the plant; inflorescence branches usually secund, many -
flowered, sometimes 1—2 flowered; flowers 5-merous, subsessile or short-
pediceled, with bracts resembling cauline leaves: sepals green, sparsely
glandular -pubescent, oblong-triangular, acute, '/,—1/, as long as corolla;
petls oblong or linear-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, white or pinkish,
with green median line, drying pale yellow, 5—6 (7)mm long; stamens 10,
shorter than petals, with white filaments and dark, rounded anthers;
pistils lanceolate, shorter than petals, with erect, subulate style; hypogynous
scales small, tapering toward base, broadening at the summit, 2—3-lobed;
follicles stellately spreading, oblong-lanceolate, flat, with inconspicuous
ventral protuberance, with erect Subulate beak at base of fruit, minutely
tuberculate on the surface, sparsely glandular-pubescent ventrally, less
so dorsally, 5—6 mm long; seeds ovoid, very small, obtuse. April— May.
(Plate V, Figure 1a),

Stony and pebbly mountain slopes, at 1,000—2,000 m (species associated
with mountain-xerophytic zone).— Caucasus: mainly E. Transc. (Kirovabad,
Agdam Nukha, Kuba, Shusha, Geokchai), Dag. (Derbent), S. Transc. (Erevan),
(solitary near Borzhomi), Val. (between Lerik and Buzachar); Centr. Asia:
Mtn. Turkm. (Bol'shoi Balkhan and Kopet Dagh ranges). Gen. distr.:
Arm.-Kurd. (Kars Region), Iran. (there are specimens from the Elburz).
Undoubtedly occurring in parts of Iran bordering on Kopet Dagh and the
Caucasus. Described from Turkmenistan, Kopet Dagh Range. Plant
of the Temperate Zone. Type in Leningrad.

Note. This species is clearly differentiated from S.hispanicum L.
by its simple, erect stem, not branching from the base, 5-merous flowers,
Shape of fruit, larger flowers and fruit. In addition, inS.pentapetalum
anthesis occurs much earlier (April— May) than inS.hispanicum
(June — July). The distribution areas of these 2 species also differ:
S.hispanicum L.is an E. Mediterranean and European element,
S.pentapetalum A. Bor.,a typical Asiatic xerophyte associated with
the mountain-xerophyte zone of the E.and SE Caucasus, Iran, and Mtn. Turkm.
Frod. (in Act. Hort. Gdthoburg. VIL, 3 (1932) 82) quotes S.khispanicum var.
semiglabrum (S.semiglabrum Boiss. et Huet in herb.) from

Asia Minor, also with 5-merous flowers, but differentiated from our species
bya series of characters: glabrous leaves, size of leaves, shape of sepals
and hypogynous scales, the ovate petals pubescent along the midnerve.

44, S.bucharicum A. Bor. sp.nova in Addenda VIII, p. 367.

Annual, 4—5 cm high, branching, with numerous slightly curved, leafy
branches forming a corymbiform inflorescence in the upper part, or else
not branching, the inflorescence 2-branched; stems solitary, leafy,
sparsely glandular-pubescent, mainly in upper part; leaves sessile,
alternate, linear, ca.0.6cm long, ca. 1 mm broad, subobtuse, with sparse
glandular pubescence confined to lower part of leaves; inflorescence
corymbiform, consisting of a series of branches usually bifurcate in
upper part, with unilateral flowers; flowers 6-merous, short-pediceled
or subsessile, with bracts resembling cauline leaves; calyx connate at
base, consisting of 6 oblong, triangular, acute sepals with sparse hairs,

Abs as long as corolla, green; petals glabrous, lanceolate, acuminate, white
with inconspicuous midnerve, 4mm long, ca.1mm broad; stamens 12, shorter
than petals, with dark anthers and white filaments; pistils with erect,
filiform style 1mm long, lanceolate, shorter than petals; follicles 6,
stellately spreading, oblong-triangular, gradually broadening toward base,
flattish, 4mm long, minutely tuberculate, sparsely short glandular-pubescent;
seeds small, ca.0.5 mm loeng,ovoid, acute on one side, obtuse on the other,
brown. Fr. June.

Mountain limestones. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Sarsaryak Range, near
the village of Tashanur; Vakhsh River, Sangtuda village). Endemic.
Described from the Sarsaryak Range in E, Tadzhikistan. Type in
Leningrad.

Note. S.bucharicum A. Bor.is the eastern species, replacing
other species of the series, Hispanicae A.Bor. It is differentiated
from S.hispanicum by the shape of its growth, by larger — 4mm long —
follicles oblong-triangular and gradually broadening toward base, by a
series of other morphological characters, and by its distribution area.

The other closely related species, S. pentapetalum A. Bor., differs
from S.bucharicum A. Bor. in the following characters: flowers
5-merous; petals 5—6 (7)mm long; follicles 5—6 mm long, lanceolate,

with basal protuberance ventrally; stems erect, not branching; distribution
area: Caucasus and Mtn. Turkm.

92

45. S.pallidum M. B., Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 353; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II,
feos Sorss,. PliOr wl, 1205) Shmal"g bi, 3862; Berseria Enel.u.iPre Nat.
Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 461.— S.hispanicum Hamet in Acta Horti Tiflis
VIII, 3 (1908) 30, p.p., non L.; Fr6d. in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VII (1930)
79p.p.— Crassula rubens var.decandra DC., Prodr. III (1828) 405. —
Ie:: Grossh. in Monit. Jard. Bot. Tiflis. II—IV (1917) 135, f.11.— Exs.: Herb.
HI Cavick WNow sae 6

Annual or biennial; stems 5—20 (30) cm high, usually branching from base,
with weak, ascending, arched-upcurved branches, with glandular pubescence
mainly in upper part on inflorescence branches; leaves alternate, oblong-
lanceolate, semiterete, obtuse, sessile, declinate, 0.5—1 cm long; inflorescence
branches 2—4, arched-upcurved, glandular -pubescent, many -flowered,

93 secund; flowers 5-merous, subsessile, 3mm long; calyx Ab as long as

73

94

corolla, connate at base; petals pink, with dark midnerve, lanceolate,
aristate-acuminate, erect; stamens 10, shorter than petals, with white
filaments and dark anthers; hypogynous scales oblong, longer than broad,
uneven at the summit; follicles obliquely ascending, not stellately
spreading, with small ventral protuberance, usually glandular -pubescent,
ovoid, with long straight beak; seeds very small, ca. 0.5 mm long, ovoid,
brown. May—July. (Plate V, Figure 3a).

Mainly in lower part of mountains, rising to 1,800 m; adapted to moist
sandy and stony soils. — European part: Crim.; Caucasus: mainly W., E.,
and S: Transe., Tal., less in Cise.; Dag. Gen. distr.:, Bal:-As. Mins;
Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from the Crimea. Type in Leningrad.

Note. S.pallidum M.B.has often been confused with
S.hispanicum L. Hamet and Fréderstrom unite these species, although
they are very well differentiated. Both species are widely distributed
through the Caucasus, but S.pallidum occurs in moister and lower
sites than S.hispanicum.

46. S.corymbosum Grossh. in Monit. Jard. Bot. Tiflis. II—IV (1915) 171;
Grossh., Fl. Cauc. II, 230. — Ie.: Grossh., l. c., IMI—IV (1917) 135, £. 8.

Annual, light green; stems 5—15cm high, ascending, glandular mainly
on inflorescence branches, branching from middle of plant or higher, or
else branching from base, the branches ascending at an acute angle;
leaves terete, thickish, obtuse, glabrous or sparsely glandular, to 15 mm
long, diminishing toward inflorescence; inflorescence a regular corymb;
pedicels glandular, erect, especially in fruit, 3-4 mm long, slightly shorter
than or as long as fruit; flowers usually 5-, less often 3—6-merous,
344.0 mim lones) cally: YU — Ve as long as corolla with triangular, acute,
glandular sepals; petals whitish-greenish, acute; stamens 10 (6—12);
hypogynous scales cuneate, furcate, with one or two acute teeth often as
long as scales at the summit and several smaller teeth; follicles connate
to He = ve erect, narrowly lanceolate, glaucous, often reddish-glaucous,
4,.5—5 mm long, glandular on the inner margin; seeds small, oblong, light
brown. May-— June.

Adapted to dry stony slopes.— Caucasus: E. Transc., Dag., S. Transc.
(Arak River valley between Negram and Daroshan), Tal. (Zuvant).
Gen. distr.: possibly in N.Iran. Described fromthe Caucasus. Type in
Leningrad.

47. Ssatratum 1.) Sp: plijed2 (1763) 1674; Boiss., Fl. Or. II, 792; Grossh.,

Fl. Cauc. II, 230; Berger in Engl.u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1920) 460.—.
Ie. >) Coste, Flo Pr siw363; Hegit IL Pl IVe 2ytab. L41; fay ToS Ss FRehibaaies
Fl. Germ. XXIII, tab.153; Fr6éd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VII (1932) pl. XLIX,
textfig. 694—703. — Exs.: F. Schulz, herbarium normale, No. 662 et 662 bis.
Annual; stems simple or branching from base, erect or ascending,
with simple branches, 3—8 cm high, glabrous; entire plant usually dark or
brownish-purple, densely leafy; leaves alternate, obtuse, ovate or oblong,
clavate-terete, fleshy, sessile, approximate; inflorescence terminal,
few -flowered, compact, corymbiform, leafy; flowers about as long as
pediceis, 5-merous; sepals triangular-ovate, ca.2 mm long, acute, connate
at base, reddish; petals elongate-ovate, acuminate, 3—4 mm long, twice as

74

95

long as calyx, whitish-greenish or greenish pink; stamens 10, shorter than
petals, ca. 2.5—3 mm long, with yellow reniform anthers and white filaments;
hypogynous scales small, subquadrate; follicles five, 3—4 mm long, ovoid,
obtuse, with short filiform style, ca.0.5 mm long; seeds elongate-ovoid,
very light brown, 0.5—0.8mm long. June— August.

Stony soils, at 650—2,600m.— Caucasus: E. Transc. (in upper part of
Chengil-Chai—Lagovskii). Very doubtful indication — confusion of labels
is possible. Gen.distr.: European mountains: Pyrenees, Alps, S. Jura,
Carpathians, W. Tatra Mountains, Apennines; Bal.-As. Min.: mountains of
the Balkan Peninsula. Described from Italy. Type in London.

48. S.villosum L., Sp. pl. (1753) 432; Shmal'e.; Flsl, 363; Grossh., Fl.
Cauc. II, 230; Berger in Engl.u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 461.— Ic.:
Praeger in Journ. Hort. Soc. (1921) f.179; Rchb., Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIII, tab. 52;
Frod. in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VII (1932) pl. XX, XXL, textfig. 264-269,

Biennial; stems 4—15 cm high, erect or ascending, slightly branching
or Simple; entire plant glandular-pubescent; leaves linear-oblong, 3—5 mm
long, obtuse, semiterete, flab above, inflorescence a simple or branching
raceme, few-flowered; flowers 5-merous; pedicels longer than flowers;
sepals obtuse, oval, glandular-pubescent; petals ovate, acute, 3-5 mm long,
pink, darker below along keel, 2—3 times as long as calyx; stamens 10,
shorter than petals, with purple anthers; hypogynous scales spatulate-
quadrate; follicles ovoid, with filiform erect beak; seeds numerous, ovoid,
obtuse, small,ca.1 mm long. June—July.

Peaty meadows and marshes in the alpine zone. — Reported LOUIE
Caucasus — former Terskei Region (Grossheim). The herbarium of the
Botanical Institute has a specimen from the Kazbek (collection of Lagovskii);
Apparently, the report for the Caucasus is erroneous. Gen.distr.: N. and
Centr. Eur., W. Greenland. Cited for Lithuania, Poland, and the Baltic
States (near Riga — Shmalhausen). Described from Europe. Type in
London.

49. S.annuum L., Sp. pl. (1753) 432; Ldb., Fl. Ross. 11,186; Boiss.,
Fl. Or. Il, 792; Hamet in Acta Horti Tiflis. VIII, 3 (1908) 33; Grossh., Fl.
Cauc. II, 229; Berger in Engl.u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm.18a (1930) 462. —
S.saxatile DC., Fl. Fr.IV (1805) 394; DC., Prodr. III (1828) 409. —
Ic.: Rchb., Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIII (1898-1899) tab. 54; Eee SEL. Tvs
2 tab.139,f.8; Grossh.in Monit. Jard. Bot. Tiflis II—IV (1917) 135,
f.21; Praeger in Journ. Horti. Soc. (1921) £.182; Fréd.in Acta Horti
Gothoburg. VII (1932) pl. XXXII—X XXIV, textfig. 429-456.— Exs.:

Fl. Exs. austro-hung., No. 2567; Fl. stiriaca exs. A.v. Hayek, No. 122;
F. Schultz, herb. normale cent. 7, No.663; Pl. Finl. exs., No.251 et
No. 702; Herb. Fl. Cauc., No. 320.

Annual; roots fibrous. Plant branching from base or simple,
glabrous,4—15 cm high; sterile shoots absent; leaves alternate,
terete or flattish, convex on both surfaces, fleshy, sessile, glabrous at
base, oblong-linear or ovate-oblong, 3-6 mm long, 1—2 mm broad,
obtuse, entire, pale green; inflorescence broad, leafy, consisting of

ds

ramified branches covered with flowers and with flowers in
bifurcations; flowers numerous, small, with pedicels as long as calyx
or the flowers subsessile; sepals glabrous, connate at base, oblong-
ovate, resembling the leaves, fleshy, obtuse, green; petals yellow,
glabrous, twice or nearly twice as long as calyx, entire, apiculate,
ovate-lanceolate, 3—4 mm long; stamen 10,slightly shorter than
petals, with yellow anthers; the 5 stamens opposite to petals, connate
to them nearly to the middle; hypogynous scales oblong, tapering
toward base, bilobate at the summit; follicles 5, glabrous, ovoid-
oblong,as long as stamens, greenish yellow, with filiform, erect
style, initially erect, later declinate; seeds oblong, small, brown.
May — June.

Rocky sites in high-mountain regions (Arctic-alpine species). —
Caucasus: Mainly E. Transc., Dag.,less often S. Transc., Tal.,
W.Transc., Cisc. Gen.distr.: Scand., Centr. Eur., Med., Greenland,
Bal. SAS. Wing, Arms-Kurd.» Nviran. “Described irom Neburs sype
in London.

*50. S.,nanum Boiss., Diagn. pl. nov. Ser.1,6 (1845) 57; Fl. Or. II,
194; Grosish., Hl. Caue. Il 2305) Bercer ins Engl. Prt) Nate tlziiae
18a (1930) 461.— Ic.: Fr6éd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VII (1932)
textfig. 254-263.

Annual; roots fibrous, few; stems glabrous, 2—5 (10) em high,
erect, Simple, weak; leaves lanceolate to ovate, semiterete, subacute,
3—6 (8) cm long; inflorescence (1—2) 5—15-flowered, paniculate, loose,
flowers small, 5-merous, long-pediceled, exceeding perianth; sepals
ovate-triangular, acute,ca.1 mm long; petals oblong, acute, 2.5—3 mm
long, 3—4 times as long as calyx, yellow, sometimes reddening along
the keel; stamens 10, of which 5 about as long as petals, the other
5 shorter; hypogynous scales spatulate-quadrate, emarginate;
follicles ovoid, 2—2.5 mm long, with short beak; seeds oblong, small,
glabrous. sume vss uly:

Alpine zone, in the border zone beyond the USSR: Iran. (found
not far from the Transcaucasian border and in S. Iran); Arm.-Kurd.—
near Erzerumyat 2.(00 mm... Described from) Sinan. a) bye) a
Geneva.

Note. May occur in the Transcaucasian mountain ranges;
being a very small plant, it may easily have been overlooked.

Series 2. Rubrae A. Bor.— Stamens uniseriate, as many as petals;
sepals shorter than petals.

51, S.rubens L., Sp. pl. (1753) 432; DC., Prodr. III, 405; Berger
in Enel. Pr. Nat. Piizina ise (1930) 461.— Crassula rubens JSS
Syst. Nat.ed.X (1759) 969.— Aithales rubens Webb.et Berth.
in Phyt.Canar.I (1836) 179.— Ic.: Rchb., Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIII (1898-1899)

5773 76

tab.142; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mit. Eur. tab.139,f.9,f.902; Praeger in Journ.
Hort. Soc. (1921) feligal (except the flower analysis, with incorrect
number of stamens); Frod.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VII (1932)

pl. XLV, XLVI, textfig. 600—614.

Annual, rarely biennial; stems 5—15 cm high, erect, usually branching,
less often simple, glandular-pubescent, viscous; leaves fleshy, semiterete,
oblong-linear, obtuse, sessile, spreading at base, flat above, rounded below,
reddish, remote; inflorescence consisting of simple, leafy, secund branches
(spikes) with sessile, solitary flowers; bracts ovate-lanceolate; flower
buds ribbed, hairy, red along the ribs; flowers 5-merous; calyx glandular-
pubescent, connate at base, with broad, subovate, acute sepals, green or
reddish, fleshy; petals broad-lanceolate to ovate, acuminate, white or
reddish, with purple keel, 4—6 mm long, 3—4 times as long as sepal, hairy
on outer side; stems 5, slightly shorter than petals, with white filaments and
red anthers; hypogynous scales spatulate-quadrate, white, small; follicles
initially erect, later divergent, lanceolate, acuminate, 4—5 mm long, minutely
tuberculate and glandular-pubescent or glabrous, white, or reddish,
compressed,as long as stamens. May — July.

Fallows, plowland, roadsides. — European part: Crim., reported by
Shmalhausen for southern coast near Nikita and Magarach; this species
may have been confused with S.pallidum. In Prodr. III, 405, DC. cites
for the Crimea var.decandrum, with 10 stamens, related to
Bapaliidum M.B. Gen.distr.: Eur.and Med.,S.and Centr. Eur., N.Afr.,
Canary Island; Iran.: N.Iran; Bal.-As. Min.: As. Min. Described from
Europe. Type in London.

Economic importance. Ornamental plants, suitable for carpetlike flower
beds.

52. S. rubrum (L.) Thell. in Fedde, Rep. spec. nov. X (1912) 290; Berger
in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 461; Fréd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg.
VII (1932) 89.— S.caespitosum DC., Prodr. III (1828) 405.— S.deserti-
hungarici Simonkai in Oesterr. bot. Zeitschr. XL (1890) 333. —
S.melanoleucum Schlecht. pat.in herb. reg. berol. ex Ldb., Fl. Ross. II
(1844-1846) 172.—- Crassula caespitosa Cav., Ic. et descr. pl. Hisp. I
(1791) 50; Ldb., 1.c.; Shmal'g., 1, 360.— C.magnolii DC., Mém. Soc.
Asric. Paris (1808) 11; Ej., Fl. Franc. VI (1815) 522.— Tillaea rubra L.,
Sp. pl. ed. I (1753) 129.— T.caespitosa Four. in Ann. Soc. Linn. London
N.S. XVI (1868) 384.— Procrassula magnolii Griseb., Spicil. Fl.
Rumel. I (1843) 323.— Aithales caes pitosa Webb.in Webb. et Berth.,
Phyt. Canar.I (1836) 179.— Ic.: Cav., 1. c., tab. 69, f.2; Rchb., Ic. Fl. Germ.
Pediittap.4o; Frod.. le. pl: l.,.2—3, texthig. 712-125, — xs. :;Herb. normale
a T. Dérfler editum, No. 5265 (sub Crassula caespitosa Cayv.).

Annual, subglabrous, 2—6 cm high; stem simple or little branching from
base; leaves broadly elliptic to ovate, obtuse, imbricate, alternate, 2.5—5 mm

77

98

long, entire; inflorescence few-flowered, consisting of 2—3 secund
branches or spikes, with subsessile flowers; bracts subovate, 3—4 mm long;
flowers 5-, less often 4-merous; sepals triangular, ca.1—1.5 mm long,
broader than long, glabrous, connate at base, acute; petals five, 2—3 times
as long as calyx, lanceolate, l1-nerved, whitish or pinkish, reddening along
the nerve, free to base, 3—4 mm long, apiculate; stamens 5 (or 4), alternating
with and shorter than petals, sometimes with 5 (4) more obsolete rudimentary
stamens opposite to petals; hypogynous scales linear-spatulate, 0.5—0.75 mm
long; follicles stellately spreading,connate at base,declinate,narrowly lanceo-
late, longitudinally sulcate and ribbed,ca. 5mm long, many-seeded; seeds ovoid,
obtuse, 0.6—0.9 mm long, 0.4—0.45 mm broad. April. (Plate V, Figure 4a).
Sandy and stony soils on dry slopes. — European part: Crim. (Yalta,
Alushta, Balaklava); Caucasus: Cisc.: Temyruk; Dag.: Makhachkala,
Chir-yurt; W. Transc.: Black Sea shores; E. Transc. (Tbilisi, Baku), Tal.:
Lenkoran. Gen, distr.: Bal.-As. Min., Med. Described from Montpellier.
Type in London.
Note. The reported finding of S:.rubrum (S.caespitosum) in
the Kopet Dagh Range in Turkmenia relates toS.tetramerum.

Series 3. Macrosepalae A.Bor.— Stamens uniseriate, as many as petals;
calyx exceeding corolla.

53. S.tetramerum Trautv. in A. H. P. VII (1881) 454; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 362;
Boiss., Fl. Or. Suppl. (1888) 247. — Macrosepalum turkestanicum
Rel. et Schmalh., Izv. Obshch. lyubit. estestvozn., antrop.i etnogr., XXXIV, 2
(1882) 25; Fedtsch. O. et B., Consp. Fl. Turk. 3 (1909) 79.— Sedum
turkestanicum Hamet in B. Fedch., Rast. Turk. (1915) 478 n. nud. —
S.aetnense var.tetramerum Hamet in Bull. Jard. Bot. 1—2 (1914) 143. —
Ic.: Fréd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VII (1932) textfig. 754—762. — Exs.:
H.F. A. M., No. 426a, 426b.

Annual; roots fibrous, slender; stems 2—5.5 cm long, glabrous, simple
or slightly branching nearly from base, erect, slender, leafy from base;
leaves alternate, semiterete, ovate, entire, 2.5—5 mm long, with a subquadrate
appendage-spur at base, subacuminate, slightly tuberculate on the surface,
glabrous or sparsely ciliate-margined; inflorescence 2—8 -flowered,
spiciform, 1 —'/, the length of the entire plant; bracts in pairs near each
flower, ovate, ciliate, 3-4 mm long, about as large as leaves; flowers
4-merous, subsessile, apparently axillary, crowded; sepals linear-terete
or oblong-ovate, subobtuse, 4—6 mm long, 0.7—1.5 mm broad, erect, with a
basal spur, glabrous; petals ovate-lanceolate, 1-nerved, acuminate, whitish,
2—3.5 mm long, shorter than calyx, tapering toward base and slightly fused;
stamens 4, alternating with petals, more than half as long as and slightly
adnate to petals at base, with rounded or reniform anthers; hypogynous
scales linear-spatulate; follicles slightly divergent, linear-lanceolate,
convex, Subulate-pointed, as long as sepals, the surface densely glandular -
tuberculate, scabrous, ca.4mm long; seeds ovoid, smooth, ca.0.8 mm
long,4mm broad. June—July. (Plate V, Figuré 5a).

Stony and pebbly soils in chalk mountains. — Caucasus: Dag. (Chir-yurt,
Makhach-Kala), E. Transc. (Baku); Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm., T. Sh.,

78

00 *

Syr.-D., Pam.-Al. Gen.distr.: probably in Iran. Described from the
vicinity of Baku. Type in Leningrad.

54, S.aetnense Tin. ap. Guss., Fl. Sic. synops. Il, 2 (1844) 826; Berger
fa del. .,Pr., Naty Pilzim. 18a (1930) 460.— S.skor pili Velen. in
Sitzber. Boehm. Ges. XL (1899), No.29.— S.albenicum Beck in Ann,
Nat. Hofmus. XIX (1904) 74.—S.erythrocarpum Pau in Bull. Ac.
int. géogr. bot. (1908), No. 206.— S.aetnense var.genuinum Hamet
in Bull. Jard. Bot., No. 1—2 (1914) 143. — Ic.: Fréd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg.
VII (1932) pl. L, 6; textfig. 763—770.

Annual; flowering stems, simple or branching from base, 2—5cm
high; leaves semiterete, lanceolate to oval, ciliate-margined or
cartilaginous -dentate, 3-5 mm long; bracts oblong, ciliate, ca. 3.5mm long;
flowers 4 or 5-merous, sessile, in leaf axils throughout the stem; sepals
longer than petals, ciliate-margined, obtuse, subovate, ca.4 mm long; petals
obovate, somewhat narrowing toward base, short acuminate, 2—2.5mm
long, white; stamens 4, rarely 5, shorter than corolla, somewhat more
than half as long as petals; hypogynous scales narrowly linear, 0.6X1.15 mm;
follicles broad, connate at base, stellately spreading, convex ventrally,
densely and minutely glandular-tuberculate on the surface, 3—3.5 mm long,
many-seeded; seeds small, ca. 1 mm long, 0.4 mm broad, obtuse, oblong -
ovoid. May.

Sandy and stony soils. — European part: Bl. (near Nikolaev and Aleshka),
Crim. (near Sudak), Alma River valley. Gen.distr.: Med., Bal.-As. Min.
Described from Sicily (vicinity of Mt. Etna). Type in Naples.

Genus 700. PS’.JDOSEDUM (BOISS.) Berger

Berger in Engl. u. Pr. Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 465.— Sect.Pseudosedum gen.umbilicus Boiss., Fl. Or. II,
775 (1872).

Calyx divided nearly to base into 5 or 6 lobes; corolla pink or reddish,
drying golden-yellow, connate nearly to the middle, infundibular or
campanulate 5- or 6-dentate; stamens 10—12; pistils 5 or 6, with long
stules; fruit follicles, erect, lanceolate; seeds numerous, small, ca. 1mm
long, mostly oblong. Perennial, glabrous herbs, with caudex, very few small
membranous triangular leaves, and cordlike or tuberous roots; fruiting
stems densely leafy, erect or ascending at the base, simple, sometimes the
old stems persistent; leaves alternate, fleshy, oblong to linear, terete;
inflorescence umbellate-corymbiform, many -flowered.

Species confined to mountainous habitats in T.Sh., Pam.-Al., Kopet Dagh,
and the northern part of Iran; only one species grows in the foothill-plain
part of the Central Asian semidesert and desert regions.

1. Roots 1—4, tuberous, rounded or fusiform; corolla campanulate-
infundibular, with oblong-lanceolate, declinate teeth erect in fruit.

erecta tal) rae 2 ot. le Coie. LO nOe 5. P.ferganense A. Bor.

Roots clustered or solitary, not tuberous, slender or thickened..... an
2. Root 1, vertical, thick or branching into several cordlike-thickened

roots; corolla campanulate, with teeth half as long astube ....... 3.

79

101

Roots numerous; corolla infundibular or narrowly campanulate, with

teeth from longer to somewhat shorter than tube’... -. 0.2. boo 3.
Caudex 3—4 cm long, with persistent old stems; calyx Yo — 7/3 as long

as corolla, with linear-lanceolate, acute lobes (Kara-tau Range)...
Oak hac OR nica SKC bei crate sk cidiigow cupate citkb 0 9. P.karatavicum A. Bor.
Caudex short or obsolete; calyx y— Tf, as long as corolla, with

oblons or oplone lanceolate, obtuse Sepalic neste. lec ele te te) 2) en 4.

Corolla 12 mm long; calyx 1 — Wh as long as corolla, with oblong-
lanceolate sepals; all stamens shorter than corolla. (Kopet Dagh

Ramseymon an are os eae eee 6. P. multicaule (Boiss. et Buhse) A. Bor.
Corolla 8-9 mm long; calyx WE as long as corolla, with oblong sepals;
stamens unequal: 6 about as long as and 6 shorter than corolla .....
POLY Pom ORS ate AOR TMS meta: Vee heen, Cee ene Tas 8. P. campanuliflorum A. Bor

Densely cespitose plants; roots numerous, slender, with spherical or
ovoid thickenings; sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute; corolla narrowly
CEionj OA vals SUBieneyasy ioavicla Slaoreiere wen COMO 55 a5 50000 c nob oc
Ses See Nematite See ane ent Map renee: ett cnc temmeneets tte 7. P.fedtschenkoanum A. Bor.
Noncespitose plants; roots fasciculate; sepals oblong or ovate,
subobtuse; corolla infundibular; stamens slightly shorter than or

AS ONO aSrCOROUA Srey e. eiiteuianie) co) antec: cette! citel ae ete) eran ceo te 6.
Flowers 10—14mm long; corolla pink, drying golden-yellow,
infundibular, with lanceolate teeth about as long as or slightly longer
Chala tuo rn eee athet ie oer eyittet eee) cue ether et cicieeltcy ote) oie te ttt ee ns 8,
Flowers 7-10 mm long; corolla red or violet, often faded when dry,
broadly infundibular, with lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate teeth

Siishtly Shorter than or as lone as) tUlC yar sera ep ci) enliastet tenant ee 7,
Inflorescence corymbiform, broad, compact; corolla broadly
campanulate-infundibular, with oblong-lanceolate teeth; stamens
unequals 6vas longs as and G Shorter thanvcorollarie csi. anlar

a Nae NoMa bial Tarieitts, Mate mal ds atta ae atretR Maco kray aah ena tehcottenre 3. P.condensatum A. Bor.
Inflorescence corymbiform-paniculate, with many -flowered, divaricate
branches; corolla infundibular, with lanceolate teeth; ‘6 stamens as

long as and 6 longer than corolla ........ 3. P.bucharicum A. Bor.
Flowers 10—12 mm long; corolla teeth as long as or somewhat shorter
than tube. Plants 20—25 cm high; roots slender, to 2mm in diameter,
not tuberous (foothill plain of the northern part of Central Asia).....

I ba caf ae ray sec Mpa less hath oes Shree? Mure a ot 4 ee UE ale 1. P.lievenii (Ldb.) Berger.
Flowers 12—14 mm long; corolla teeth surpassing tube. Plants to
35cm high; roots thick, to 7mm in diameter, with few small tuberous
thickenings yAty SA es cok. As ee ee eer te 2. P.longidentatum A. Bor.

Section 1. P., LIEVENIA A. Bor. in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. USSR. Ser. 1, I
(1933) 108.— Corolla infundibular or campanulate-infundibular; inflorescence
branching, densely many-flowered; roots not tuberous.

1. P.lievenii (Ldb.) Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 465. —

Umbilicus lievenii Ldb., Fl. Ross. II (1844-1846) 173, p.p.—
U.steveni Ldb.in sched.-— Cotyledoan lievenii Ldbjj bl Ale (1830)
57,197.— Sedum lievenii Hamet in Candollea IV (1929—1931) 38. —

80

Del naetiedwse Bisech. in sched.— o.wiresc ens, schlechtend. in herb. —
Ic.: Ldb., Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. 1,14 (1829) tab.57; Fr6d.in Acta Horti Gothoburg.
VI (1931) pl. XXVII, textfig. 308—316; A. Borissova in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc.
USSR Ser. 1,1 (1933) 109, £.1.

Perennial; roots numerous, fascicular, Slender, to 2mm in diameter,
more or less branching, tuberous thickenings absent; caudex robust;
fruiting stems 1—4, 20—25 cm high; leaves linear, 0.5—2 cm long;
inflorescence many -flowered, with numerous approximate branches
elongating in fruit; lower branches arched-upcurved; bracts shorter than
calyx, oblong or lanceolate, obtuse; pedicels 1—2 mm long; flowers 10-12 mm
long; calyx 3mm long, '/, —'/3 as long as corolla, divided nearly to base
into oblong, subacute lobes; corolla indundibular, broadening in fruit,
campanulate, partially rupturing, pink, drying golden-yellow, with 5 or 6
lanceolate, acute, divergent teeth slightly shorter than or as long as tube;
stamens 10—12, the 5 or 6 opposite to sepals somewhat shorter than corolla,
the 5 or 6 opposite to petals not exceeding middle of corolla teeth; anthers
ovate,0.9mm long, sharp-pointed; hypogynous scales small, broad, with
narrow base, cordate; pistils shorter than corolla, lanceolate, with
subulate beak; seeds ellipsoid-oblong, tapering toward the apex, 1 mm
long. April— May.

Stony and clayey saline soils in semideserts and deserts. — W. Siberia:
ime Cenir. Asia: Ar. -Cagp,., Balkheikyz. kK. Gen odistr.-"ozu. Kash
(Kuldja). Described from Lake Inder. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Specimens from the Nura-Tau and Mogol-Tau differ from the
typical Pseudosedum lievenii, but owing to lack of material and the
bad state of preservation, they cannot be separated.

ae 2. P.longidentatum A. Bor. in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. Ser. 1,1
(1933) 109.— Ic.: A. Bor., l.c., f. 2.

Perennial; roots numerous, to 7mm in diameter, fasciculate, with
small, sparse (remote) tuberous thickenings; caudex robust; fruiting
stems 1—3, robust, erect, 25—40 cm high (rarely less tall); leaves linear,
1—2 cm long, 1 mm broad; inflorescence 5—6 cm long, densely many -
flowered, with numerous branches elongating in fruit; lower branches
arched-upcurved; bracts oblong, obtuse, 2—4 mm long, shorter than calyx;
flowers 12—14mm long; calyx 3—4mm long, '/;—'/, as long as corolla,
divided nearly to base into oblong, subacute sepals; corolla infundibular,
campanulate in fruit and partially rupturing, pink, drying golden-yellow,
with 5 or 6 lanceolate, acute teeth surpassing corolla tube; stamens 10—12,
the 5 or 6 opposite to sepals scarcely shorter thanor as long as petals, the 5 or 6
opposite to petals shorter than petals by ale of length of corollateeth; anthers
ovate, 0.9mm long, sharp-pointed; pistils shorter than corolla; seeds
ellipsoid-oblong, attenuate toward the apex, 1mm long. April— May.

Alpine and subalpine meadows, slopes, among woody-shrubby vegetation,
on steppe slopes, on pebbly soils, in mountains at (750) 1,500 — 3,000 m. —
Centr. Asia: T.Sh., Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from the vicinity of
Alma-Ata. Type in Leningrad.

3. P.condensatum A. Bor.in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. Ser. 1, I (1933)
LILO See WN wisioresh else! lakers}

Perennial; roots numerous, nearly fascicular, long, slender, 1—1.5 mm in
diameter, often branching, with remote, small tuberous thickenings, 4mm

81

PLATE VI. 1.-Pseudosedum ferganense A.Bor.: a) flower; 2— P.multicaule (Boiss. et Buhse)
A.Bor.: a) flower; 3— Orostachys malacophylla (Pall.) Fisch.: a) flower; 4— O.thyrsiflora Fisch.:
a) flower, b) rosette leaf, c) cauline leaf; 5— O.fimbriata (Turez.) Berger: a) rosette leaf, b) cauline

leaf.

82

broad, 5mm long; caudex short or obsolete; fruiting stems 1—3, erect or
ascending in lower part,1.5—2 mm in diameter in middle part, 20—25cm
high; leaves linear, 1—2.5cm long, 1mm broad; inflorescence dense,
compact, many-flowered; branches 1—1.5cm long, erect or slightly arcuate;
calyx 44, — as as long as corolla, 2—3 mm long, divided nearly to base into
ovate, Subobtuse lobes; corolla campanulate and broadly infundibular, not
inflating in fruit but rupturing into fragments, drying pale violet, with 6
dark-violet, oblong-lanceolate, erect, acute, divergent teeth slightly shorter
thantube; stamens 12,the 6 opposite to petals shorter thanthem by aE the length
ofteeth,the 6 opposite to sepals as longas petals; anthers broadly ovate,0.6 mm
long, Sharp-pointed; pistils about as long as corolla; seeds numerous,
oblong, 1mm long. May— July.

Stony Slopes, among shrubs, at ca. 2,000 m and to the alpine zone. —
Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from the W. Pamir (Shugnan).
Type in Leningrad.

4, P.bucharicum A. Bor. in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, Ser. 1, I (1933)
btw ler: At Bor.3 Mest se

Perennial; roots numerous, nearly fascicular, slender, 1—2 mm in
diameter, branching, with sparse, small, oblong-terete, inconspicuous
tuberous thickenings; caudex short; fruiting stems numerous, 2—3 mm
in diameter in middle part, erect, scarcely ascending, with persistent
old stems, hollow, simple, 20 (30?)cm high; leaves linear, to 2cm long, 2mm
broad, obtuse; inflorescence umbellate-paniculate, many -flowered,
inflorescence branches 2—3.5cm long, spreading, the lower arched-upcurved,
the others shorter and erect; bracts linear, obtuse, about as long as calyx;
pedicels to 0.6mm long; flowers 7-10 mm long, subsessile; calyx 5 — We as
long as corolla, divided nearly to base into oblong, obtuse, greenish lobes;
corolla infundibular, campanulate in fruit, the 6 teeth declinate, lanceolate,
acute, red, faded when dry, 4—5 mm long, as long as or slightly longer. than
tube; stamens 12,the 6 opposite to petals about as longas them, the 6 opposite to
sepalsas longas or slightly longer than petals; anthers dark violet,oblong,1 mm
long; styles half as long as corolla; pistils scarcely longer than corolla;
seeds numerous, oblong,0.5 mm long. April— May.

Mountains, at 900—1,100 m. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Mt. Khodzha-Mamyn,
Kulyab, Bal'dzhuan). Endemic. Described from Tadzhikistan (Khodzha-
Mamyn). Type in Leningrad.

Section 2. TUBERARIA A. Bor.in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, Ser. 1,1
(1933) 112.— Roots tuberous; corolla campanulate-infundibular.

5. P.ferganense A. Bor. in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, Ser. 1, I (1933)
Wiker, = eB IANA AByowenm als Oy aL Ibiasl

Perennial; roots 1—3, rarely 4, tuberous, rounded, 1—1.5cm in diameter
or fusiformly thickened (1—1.5 cm in diameter in upper part); caudex very
short, simple or branching; fruiting stems 1—3 (5), slender, to 1.5cm in
diameter, erect or somewhat ascending, simple, 10—20cm high; sterile
stems densely leafy; leaves oblong,8mm long,2mm broad; inflorescence
many -flowered, rarely 5—7-flowered, 1.5 cm long, 1.5—3 cm in diameter,

83

106

umbellate-corymbiform; inflorescence branches suberect or slightly
angularly curved, crowded, 1—4 cm long, the lower mostly not arcuate;
bracts lanceolate, acute, to 2 mm long, half as long as calyx; pedicels
1—5 mm long; flowers 10—12 mm long; calyx Ye — We as long as corolla,
divided nearly to base into lanceolate, acute lobes; corolla campanulate-
infundibular, campanulate in fruit, pink (2), drying pale pink, with 5 or 6
oblong-lanceolate, Subacute teeth intensely colored along the midnerve,
declinate, in fruit slightly shorter than corolla tube; stamens 10—12,the5 or 6
opposite to petals ?/, their length, the other 5 or 6 opposite to sepals somewhat
shorter than petals; anthers oblong, 1 mm long, muticous; pistilsaslongas
corolla; seeds oblong, tapering at the apex, 1mm long. May-— June.
(Plate VI, Figure ity):

Dry terraces and stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Kirghizia), Pam.-Al.
(Alai Range). Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Gulcha. Type in
Leningrad.

Section 3. CAMPANELLA A. Bor. in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. URSS, Ser. 1,
I (1933) 112.— Root not tuberous; corolla campanulate; inflorescence
umbellate-corymbiform, little branching, twice as broad as long.

6. P. multicaule (Boiss. et Buhse) A. Bor. in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc.
URSS, Ser. 1,1 (1933) 112.—- Umbilicus multicaulis Boiss. et Buhse
in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XII (1860) 93.— Ic.: A. Bor., 1. c., 113, f£.6.

Perennial; root 1, more or less thickened, 5-10 mmin diameter; caudex
thickened, with persistent old stems; fruiting stems 7 or more,to 1.5mm
in diameter, erect, simple, 12—20 (25), mostly 15 cm high, densely leafy,
1—1.5 mm in diameter; leaves fleshy, subterete, linear or linear-oblong,
subobtuse, broadening toward base, 1—3 mm broad, 0.5—2 cm long;
inflorescence umbellate-corymbiform, furcate, twice as broad as long,
the branches divaricate, erect or slightly angularly curved, not elongating
in fruit, 1.5—2 cm long, the lower branches not arcuate; bracts oblong,

3—4 mm long, 1—1.5 mm broad, shorter than calyx; pedicels thickish,

about as long as calyx; flowers 12 mm long; calyx ‘/, as long as corolla,
green, divided nearly to base into obtuse, oblong sepals 3—5 mm long,

1mm broad; corolla campanulate, inflated in fruit, constricted below the
teeth, pale red (pink) with 6 ovate, subacute teeth half as long as tube,
slightly declinate, drying purple; stamens 12, shorter than corolla, the 6
opposite to petals halfas long as the teeth, the 6 alternate with petals, somewhat
longer; anthers oblong, 1mm long, sharp-pointed; pistils as long as
corolla; seeds oblong,1mm long. April—June. (Plate VI, Figure 2a).

Mountains, steppe zone, at 1,500—2,500 m. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm.
(Kopet Dagh Range). Gen.distr.: Iran. Described from N.Iran. Type in
Leningrad.

7. P.fedtschenkoanum A. Bor.in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, Ser. 1,1
(1933) 114.= Ie.: A. Bor., 1. c., 115, £7.

Perennial; roots numerous, slender, tuberous, semispherical or oval,
0.5—1 cm broad, 0.5—2cm long. Densely cespitose plants with short
caudex; stems numerous, slender, 1—2 mm in diameter, erect or Somewhat

84

ascending, strong, hollow, simple, 7-20, mostly 12 cm high; old stems
persistent; leaves linear, to 1 cm long, 1 mm broad, subobtuse; inflorescence
umbellate-corymbiform, densely many-flowered, with branches 0.5—1 (1.5)cem
long; lower branches somewhat arched-upcurved, the others erect; bracts
oblong-lanceolate, acute, 3.5—4 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, shorter than calyx;
pedicels thickish, scarcely 0.5mm long or inconspicuous; flowers 7-10 mm
long, subsessile; calyx '/, as long as corolla, dry -brownish, divided nearly

to base into 5 acute, oblong-lanceolate lobes, 3—4 mm long, slightly broadening
toward base; corolla narrowly campanulate, with cylindrical tube and 5

5 teeth, violet, drying pale violet or faded; corolla teeth more intensely
colored, drying violet, 3-4 mm long, 2 mm broad at base, ovate, acute;

corolla broadly campanulate in fruit, its teeth slightly declinate; stamens 10,

. shorter than corolla, the 5 opposite to petals attaining halfthe length of the teeth,

108

the other 5 slightly longer; anthers oblong, dark violet, 0.9mm long;
pistils shorter than corolla; seeds numerous, oblong-pyriform. March—
May.

Stony mountain slopes at 1,000—2,200 m. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al.
(Kugitang, Gissar, Zeravshan, Bal'dzhuan, Kabadian, and Chalshau ranges).
Endemic. Described from Tadzhikistan (Kafirnigan River). Type in
Leningrad.

8. P.campanuliflorum A. Bor.in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, Ser. 1,
ieesa) ots: lels Ay Bor, lite.,|f..8.

Perennial; root 1, long, robust, 5—8 mm in diameter, vertical, with
slender lateral roots; caudex obsolete; stems numerous, divergent, densely
leafy, partly sterile, simple, 10—15 cm high; leaves linear, 1—1.5 mm
broad, subobtuse; inflorescence umbellate-corymbiform, 1.5 cm
long, 2.5—3.5 cm broad; branches short,1.5 cm long, 2—3 flowered,
angularly curved, the lower not arcuate; bracts oblong-ovate, obtuse,
shorter than calyx, to 1.5mm long; pedicels to 1 mm long; flowers 8-9 mm
long; calyx Ub as long as corolla, 3mm long, divided nearly to base into
oblong-lanceolate, obtuse lobes; corolla campanulate, pink, with petals
more intensely colored along the midnerve, broadly campanulate in fruit,
with 5 or 6 erect teeth half as long as or slightly longer than tube, to 3mm
long; stamens 10—12,the 5 or 6 opposite to petals halfthe length of teeth, the
other 5 or 6 about as long as corolla; anthers ovate or broadly ovate,
0.9mm long; pistils shorter than corolla; fruit as long as corolla; seeds
numerous, oblong-ovoid,1 mmlong. April— May.

Stony soils on mountain rocks. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al., Dzhizak,
Ingyrchak Pass). Type in Leningrad.

9. P.karatavicum A. Bor. sp. nova in Not. syst. VII, 8 (1938) 185.
Perennial; root long, robust, branching into a series of cordlike thickened
long lateral roots, ca.0.4—0.5 cm in diameter; caudex branching, 3—4cm
long, enveloped by numerous old stems and by membranous, broadly
triangular leaves ca.3mmlong; stems numerous, slightly divergent, densely
leafy, partly sterile, simple, 5-10 cm high; leaves linear, ca.0.5cm long, less
than 1mm broad, somewhat narrowed toward the apex; inflorescence
umbellate-corymbiform, compressed, few -flowered, ca. 1.5 cm in diameter,
1 cm long, with short branches; bracts lanceolate, subobtuse, 0.5 cm long,
ca. 1—1.5mm broad; flowers ca. 1cm long, with very short pedicels or

85

109

subsessile; calyx Yi, — 2/5 as long as corolla, divided nearly to base into
linear-lanceolate, acute lobes; corolla campanulate, pink, drying pinkish
or yellow, with 5 straight, broadly triangular teeth 1.5 times as long as
tube; stamens 10,those opposite to petals half the length of corolla, the other
5 about as long as corolla; anthers oblong, slightly more than 1 mm long;
pistils shorter than corolla, with subulate erect style; follicles lanceolate,
shorter than corolla, with long, slender beak; seeds oblong, less than 1mm
long, numerous. June.

Stony and pebbly soils. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Kara-Tau Range). Endemic.
Described from the Kara-Tau Range. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Closely related to Pecampanuliflorum A.Bor., it is
distinguished by its long caudex covered with persistent old stems, leaf
size, different calyx and corolla, and other characters.

Genus 701. OROSTACHYS * (DC.) FISCH.

Fisch. Cat. Gor. (1808) 99; Berger in Engl.u.Pr.Nat.Pfzfm.18a (1930) 463.— Genus Umbilicus sect.oro-
stachys DC.Prodr.III (1828) 400; Ldb., Fl.Ross.II (1844-1846) 173.— Genus Cotyledon sect. Orostachys
Schoenl.in Engl.und Prantl] Nat.Pflzfm.1 Aufl.III, 2a (1890) 33.

Flowers 5-merous, yellowish, greenish, white, pinkish, or red; sepals
fleshy, ye = ys as long as corolla; petals free or short-connate at base,
triangular-lanceolate, acute; stamens 10, filiform, with elongate-rounded
anthers; hypogynous scales small, truncate at the tip; follicles slightly
inflated, free, broadening only at base, with a slender, long beak at the
apex; seeds numerous, linear. Glabrous plants, 5—30 cm high, seldom
higher; in first year leaves in basal rosettes, usually cuspidate from a
white cartilaginous apical appendage, rarely soft-acuminate or subobtuse,
linear to ovate; in the second year a solitary flowering shoot arises
from center of rosette; flowers subsessile or with more or less
conspicuous pedicels, numerous, in dense pyramidal racemes or paniculate
inflorescences. .

Species distributed from the Urals to China and Japan, in Central Asia
as far south as Tien Shan and the Pamir-Alai.

1. All leaves muticous, elliptic or ovate to oblong and oblong-lanceolate,
subobtuse or soft-acuminate; flowers yellow or greenish white;

bracts broad, ovate. (Section!. Euappendiculata A. Bor.)

J Lote iM L ool Bede tele Seteet, ah re 1. O.malacophylla (Pall.) Fisch.
ct: Cauline leaves cuspidate; rosette leaves cuspidate from a white
cartilaginous appendage; bracts oblong to linear. (Section 2.

Ap pie nave wat a VA Bord ah Bee 8 RL ee ee 2.
Cartilaginous appendage at tip of rosette leaves entire, sometimes
inconspicuously sinuate (Plate VI, Figure 4b); flowers greenish,

NO

yellowish, white, pinkish, or with reddish-tipped petals ......... on
+ Cartilaginous appendage at tip of rosette leaves spiny -dentate

(Plate VI, Figure 5a); flowers reddish, drying blue.............-

naoeebankrored hee gating aie dealers tae 5. O.fimbriata (Turcz.) Berger.

3. Flowers white or greenish white, pinkish or with petals reddish at
tip and in buds, conspicuously pedicellate, less often subsessile, often
several on each pedicel; stamens with dark anthers..........+. 4.

* From the Greek oros, mountain and stachys, spike.

86

+ Flowers greenish yellow, each one with a very short pedicel or sessile;
inflorescence compact, dense; stamens with yellow anthers........
ob di ork Ct hacked Aoi i acd AAO aR Ai lEs baa 2. O. spinosa (L.) C. A.M.

4, Flowers white or white-pink, with stamens as long as or longer than
corolla; leaves light green; bracts shorter than flowers, ovate-oblong
(Simef the ASHSR, IW. Siberia, NE) Central Asia) .y.) 5606 2 2 ONL
POR: SMR ee nits, kel ce nah Me kate be tla OG Beliatce fo alta elte end 3. O.thyrsiflora Firsch.

+ Flowers greenish white or reddish, often macular; stamens shorter
than corolla; leaves dark green, often reddish, glaucous, macular;
bracts as long as or longer than flowers, lanceolate or linear.
Ceareast)/ PS 0 BS eke PR SO ee LaSA Te 4, O.cartilaginea A. Bor.

ano Series 1. Euappendiculatae A. Bor.— Leaves unarmed, subobtuse or

soft-acuminate, all without cartilaginous appendage.

1. O. malacophylla (Pall.) Fisch. in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II (1809) 274;
Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 464.— O.serrata Sweet
Hort. Brit. ed. IT (1830) 225.— Cotyledon malacophyllum Pall.,, It. II
(1776) 266, 320 app. 729, No. 88; Kom. and Alis., Opr. Dal'nevost kraya I,
601.— Umbilicus malacophyllus DC., Prodr. III (1828) 400; Turez.,
mivbaics-dahwls4335 Ldby, Fl Rossi; 174; Maxim., Pry Fl. Amur. (1859)
114.— U.stamineus Ldb., Fl. Ross. II (1834-1846) 174.— Sedum
malacophyllum Steud., Nomencl. (1821 et 1841) 759; Franchet, Pl.
Davidian. I (1884) 129; Fréd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VI (1931) 9 —
lene) Kom.and Allis.) lcs tab. 180, 1—3s) Pallas aliie.; tabiO; f. 2. rod, lives)
Dla, textfigs)—s.

Biennial, in the first year with rounded rosettes of crowded leaves;
rosette leaves without apical spiny prickle, obtuse or shortly soft-
acuminate, oblong-lanceolate, obovate, elongate-elliptic or elliptic, entire;
in the second year solitary stems (5)10—30 (35)cm long arise from
center of rosette: cauline leaves alternate, approximate, overlapping,
larger than rosette leaves, to 7mm long, soft-acuminate; inflorescence
a dense, spiciform, elongated raceme, sometimes branching; bracts
broad, spatulate-ovate, often dentate, short-acuminate in upper part,
mostly covering the flowers; flowers subsessile, numerous; calyx with
acute, oblong sepals, 3—4 mm long, connate at base; petals greenish
white or yellowish, connate at base, oblong or ovate, often crenate at the
tip, acute, 4—6 mm long; stamens slightly or much longer than corolla,
with yellow anthers; hypogynous scales subquadrate, obtuse or
emarginate; follicles many-seeded, broad, ovate, tapering toward base
and toward apex, about as long as corolla, with subulate beak 1/, — Vg as
long as fruit; seeds ovoid, small. Fl. from end of August —September.
(Plate VI, Figure 3a).

Sandy, pebbly seashore embankments and riverbanks, rocks, dry
gravelly taluses, rock crevices; nearly always occurring in large groups. —
E. Siberia: Lena-Kol., Ang.-Say., Dau.; Far East: Uda, Ze.-Bu., Sakh.
Gen. distr.: Mong., Jap.-Ch. Described from Dauria. Type in London (?).

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Series 2. Appendiculatae A.Bor.— All leaves spiny-acuminate; rosette
leaves with cartilaginous appendage, ’entire or spiny-dentate, cuspidate.

2. O. spinosa (L.) C. A. M. in Ldb., Reise (1830) 496; Berger in Engl.
bl, IPPs. Niet. Jesulvatiaa, Ia (1930) 464.— O.spinosa Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. II
(1830) 225.— O.chlorantha Fisch. in Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II (1809) 274. —
Cotyledon spinosa L., Sp. pl. (1753) 429; Ldb., Fl. Alt. II, 200; Kom.
and Alis., Opred. rast., Dal'nevost. kraya I, 601; Fedtsch., Consp. Fl. Turk.
3 (1909) 70; Turez. in Bull. Soc. nat. Mose.I (1938) 92.— Crassula
spinosa L., Mant.II (1771) 388; Willd., Spuplall, 15345— UimablaerwEs
Spinosus DC., Prodr. Ill (1828) 400; Ldb., Fl. Ross. 11,174; Maxim.,
Pr. Fl. Amur. (1859) 114; Kamch., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI, 1402; Turcz., Fl.
baic. -dah. I (1842—1845) 432.— U.(Orostachys) erubescens Maxim.,
Prim., fl. Amur. (1859) 114.— Sedum spinosum Thunb., FI. jap. (1784)
186.— S.spinosum Willd., Enum. hort. Berol. (1 809) 485; Frdéd.in Acta
Horti Gothoburg. VI (1931) 13.— Sempervivum cuspidatum Haworth,
Miscell. Naturalia (1803) 186.— Ic.: l.c., pl. V, textfig. 41—59.

Biennial, in the first year with rounded rosettes of crowded leaves,
2—7 cm in diameter, with contracted stem, compactly enveloped by crowded
leaves; rosette leaves fleshy, oblong, angularly rounded at the apex, with
a whitish cartilaginous margin, abruptly passing into a cartilaginous
prickle 2—4 mm long; in the second year a stem (rarely also lateral stems)
arises from center of rosette, usually not branching, 10—30 cm high, with
alternate, sessile, lanceolate leaves 1—2.5 cm long, 2—5 cm broad, gradually
acuminate, with a cartilaginous prickle; inflorescence at end of stem —
a long, many-flowered, compact raceme 5—20 (28) cm long; pedicels to 1mm
long or flowers sessile, with lanceolate or oblong bracts; calyx ca. 3mm
long, deeply divided into 5 lanceolate, acute lobes; corolla 2—3 times as
long as calyx, greenish yellow, with ovate-lanceolate, acuminate petals,
connate at base to Hh = “53 stamens longer than corolla, with yellow anthers;
hypogynous scales short, subquadrate, slightly emarginate; follicles
erect, glabrous, with sparse short hairs confined to the inner suture,
lanceolate, 5—6 mm long, ca. 1 mm broad, with straight subulate beak about
/, as long as fruit; seeds oblong-ovoid, ca. 1 mm long, 0.2 mm broad.
July — September.

Open stony and gravelly slopes and rocks, in rock crevices in the
steppe zone; often on solonetz and sandy soils in steppe plains; in southern
open pine forsts and at their edges; in the forest zone only in southern
part, confined to open southern slopes. — European part: V.-Kama,
(S. Urals); W. Siberia: U.-Tob., Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: Yenis., Ang. -Say.,
Dau. 5*har Hast: Okh-s, Uda, 'Ze.-Bus,Uss.,) Centre Asias LT. Sha, Balke
Dzu.-Tarb. Gen.distr.: Mong., Jap.-Ch., Dzu.-Kash., Tib. (W. part).
Described from Siberia. Type in London.

Note. lLedebour in Fl. Ross. II, 173, cites var.polystachys —
a branching form of O.spinosa.

3. O.thyrsiflora Fisch. in Cat. Hort. Gorenk. (1808) 33; Mém. Soc. Nat.
Mosc. II (1809) 274; Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 464. —
OL roseus Berger inttnot. loco Ummbi lire us | thy sietlor: uycm i) eae
Prodr. III (1828) 400; Edby Rie Rosse lieh(4 5 Us iseruicrannat hice ledions lence
173 (1844-1846); Kryl., Fl. Zap.oib. Vi, 1403.— Coty ledon thy rs iilonca

88

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Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Pétersb. XXIX (1884) 123.— C.leucantha Ldb.,

Fl. Alt. II (1830) 198.— C.rosea Less. ex Linnaea IX (1834) 177. —
C.serrata Pall., Reise I (1771) 256 (?) ex Fisch. (non L. ?).— C.spinosa
Clarke in Hook., Fl. Brit. India II (1897) 416, non L.— Sedum spinosum
var.thyrsiflorum Fréd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VI (1931) 15.—

Ic.: Ldb., Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. IV, tab. 395 (sub C.leucant ha); A. Borisova
impel Yuge-Viostav, 4755 rod.) lc.pl. lV, textiig. 60-66.

Biennial; in the first year (before anthesis) with rounded rosettes of
crowded leaves; rosette leaves light green, fleshy, oblong-triangular,
concave, abruptly passing into a cartilaginous cuspidate appendage,

1.5—2 mm long, imbricate; during anthesis an erect stem, 5—20 cm high,
arises from center of rosettes, the stem covered with more or less remote
leaves keeled on the back, hence subtriquetrous, oblong (except when dry),
gradually passing into a cusp to 1—1.5 mm long; inflorescence a long,
many -flowered raceme; flowers several on each more or less elongated
pedicel, pedicels of lower flowers 3—8 mm long, those of upper flowers
smaller; bracts ovate-oblong, acuminate, shorter than flowers; calyx oh

as long as petals, with acute sepals, connate to the middle; corolla white
or white-pink, connate at base, with 5 oblong petals 5—6 mm long; stamens
10, with dark purple anthers, of which 5 longer than or about as long as
corolla, the 5 opposite to petals shorterthan corolla; filaments adnate to corolla;
follicles oblong, gradually passing into beak, smooth, erect, as long as
corolla; seeds small, ovoid. July — August. (Plate VI, Figure 4a—c).
Rocks, stony slopes, solonetz soils, pebbly sites, desert steppes, sometimes
sandy soils. — European part: Transv. (single — in Ilek District, in Chkalov
[Orenburg] Region, near Bakaika and Burenino villages), V.-Kama (vicinity
of Sterlitamak Lake, Asli-kul'); W. Siberia: U. Tob. (Chelyabinsk District,
upper course of the Ural River, Guberlya Mts.), Alt.; Centr. Asia: widely
distributed in Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb., T.Sh., single-in Pam.-Al.
Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong., Tib. Described from the Guberlya
Mountains. Type in Leningrad.

4, O.cartilaginea A. Bor. sp. nova in Addenda VIII, p.368.— Cotyledon
japonica Kom.in Fl. Manch. II (1904) 402, ‘Oy Oe (non Maxim).

Biennial, with basal leaf rosettes in first year; rosette leaves oblong-
lanceolate, flat, with white cartilaginous, convex, entire or scarcely crenate
apical appendage, ca.2—3 mm broad, 2 mm long, abruptly passing into a
white cartilaginous prickle ca.2 mm long; in the second year flowering
shoots, usually not branching, arise from rosette, 10—20 cm high, with
alternate, sessile, linear or lance-linear leaves, 1.5—3.5cm long, 2—4 mm
broad, gradually acuminate, with a white,cartilaginous filiform prickle;
all leaves dark green or purple-dotted; inflorescence a terete, many-
flowered, compact raceme, 3—15 cm long, sometimes branching; pedicels
shorter than calyx or flowers subsessile; bracts linear or linear-lanceolate,
about as long as or longer than flowers, mucronulate, usually macular;
calyx ca.2mm long, macular, green, cut nearly to base into narrowly
lanceolate acute lobes, sometimes mucronulate; corolla 5-merous, white,
greenish white or pinkish, reddish-tipped when in bud, often macular,

3 times as long as calyx; petals connate to “be oblong-lanceolate, subacute;
stamens 10, nearly all of equal length, slightly shorter than corolla, with

89

114

brown, later darkening anthers; follicles lanceolate, short-pediceled, with
ca.2 mm long filiform beak; seeds small, ca. 0.5 mm long, ovoid, brownish,
numerous. Fl. August — September, fr. September.

Rocks, taluses, ledges. — Far East: Uss. (Poset area, Novokievskoe
village, Suifun River near Faddeevka village, Khunchun frontier post). —
Genvdistr. >) Jap. ei. (Korea, Manchuria, Liaotung Peninsula near
Alsankiang railroad station). Described fromthe Suifun River, near
Faddeevka village. Type in Leningrad.

Note. This species has been confused with O.japonica (Maxim)
Berger, from which it is clearly distinguished by the cartilaginous appendage
of the rosette leaves. In O.japonica all leaves have a sharp subulate
point, but without cartilaginous appendage — distributed in Japan, Korea, and
Manchuria, but unknown in the Soviet Union. O.cartilaginea A. Bor.is
closely related to O.minuta Kom., described from Korea, but is
differentiated by its larger size, shape of the cartilaginous appendage,
larger bracts, and other characters.

5. O.fimbriata (Turcz.) Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930)
464..— Clty led on tim bet ata mune 7.1 Gale le soaer.. cell tgs (1838),
No. 469; C.serrata L.(?), Sp.pl. (1753) 429.- Umbilicus fimbriatus
Turez., Fl. baic.-dahur. 1 (1842—1845) 432.— U.denticulatus Turcz.in
sched.— U.ramosissimus Maxim., Fl. Amur. (1859) 472 in adnot.—
Sedum fimbriatum Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris VI (1883-1884)
128; Frod.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VI (1931) lS So ie ayia © SS) S a saa wh iam
gayle USAC y Ae ie. 8 INTO Coy Pe IS 4 Ae SA

Biennial, with rosettes of crowded leaves during first year of flowering;
rosette leaves oblong, with white spines, broadening at base into white,
cartilaginous, broad, spiny -dentate, lunate appendage; in the second year
during anthesis, stem 10—15 cm high, the leaves alternate, remote, with spines
but not dentate, linear or lanceolate, 1—3cm long; inflorescence a dense
raceme often branching from base; bracts spiny-acuminate; flowers
usually long-pediceled, shorter-petioled in upper part of inflorescence;
calyx with acuminate, oblong, green lobes 1—3 mm long; petals connate
at base, reddish, lanceolate, entire, short-acuminate, 5—6 mm long; stamens
usually shorter than or as long as petals; hypogynous scales quadrate or
broadly spatulate; follicles oblong, with slender beak |, as long as fruit;
seeds small, ovoid, numerous. August. (Plate VI, Figure 5a—b).

Stony soils in steppes. — E. Siberia: Dau. (Nerchinskii Zavod, Aga Steppe,
Onon River basin). Gen.distr.: Tib., Mong., Jap.-Ch. Described from
Dauria. Type in Leningrad.

Genus 702. ROSULARIA * (DC.) STAPF

Stapf in Bot.Mag.(1923) sub tab.8985; Berger in Engl.u.Pr.Nat.Pflzfm.18a (1930) 465.— Umbilicus sect.
rosularia DC. Prodr. III (1828) 399p.p.

Flowers 5—6 (9)-merous, whitish, pinkish, red, yellow; sepals fleshy,
connate at base; corolla more or less high-connate, campanulate, the petals
erect, acute, keeled on the back; stamens 10—12 (18), united with petals
for much of their length; hypogynous scales more or less quadrate;

* From the Latin rosula, rosette — basal leaves rosulate.

90

ES

follicles free, erect, gradually passing into beak. Low plants, glabrous

or pubescent, with basal leaf rosette; leaves flat, sessile; flowering stems
solitary when arising in center of rosette, numerous when arising
laterally from axils of rosette leaves; inflorescence corymbiform-
paniculate, paniculate, or racemose-paniculate, loose, sometimes the
flowers solitary. Herbs resembling Sempervivum, tuberiferous.
Species distributed mainly in Central Asia and the Caucasus, as far east
as Altai and as far west as Asia Minor, inclusive.

Economic importance. Nearly all species of this genus are excellent

as ornamental plants in carpetlike flower beds.

ify

Annuals or biennials, with slender, cordlike roots; in first year only

few rosettes of basal leaves present; in second year solitary flowering
shoots arise from center of rosette; inflorescence corymbiform;

stems densely leafy. (Caucasus, Section Sempervivoides

ROSS SOs Bane tah A Rte see RY renin aire ey ARE URN ren Nn De
Perennials, less often biennials, with tuberous or fusiform under-

ground parts; inflorescence corymbiform, umbellate, paniculate, or

PAC CMOS: some Ss WLtM IOCIMMOLE WIC ARCS). wei) is sun en sin Vo gob Spfars gel Spiep ac tet or 3.
Petals dark red, lanceolate 2—2.5 times as long as red calyx;

flowering shoots (5)10—26 cm long, fleshy, thick, densely covered
Wiemovate- cuneate leaves 1 0—30,mm lone, 8— 13m) broad. «ais oa. «
Dee aR aR Maia eare hy aan aire 2. R.sempervivoides (Fisch.) A. Bor.
Petals pinkish, pink-violet or whitish, 1.5 times as long as green calyx;
flowering shoots 5—8 cm high, slender, covered with lanceolate -oblong
eames. ( — LO saa, Lomo. Ol aati or OG is jeunes) 1. R. pilosa (M. B.) A. Bor.
Inflorescence long, racemose or paniculate, dense, many-flowered;
flowers small, 3—5 (6)mm long; corolla broadly campanulate, usually
yellow, less often red. (Central Asia. Section Orientales A. Bor.)

Underground parts tuberous, mostly rounded; inflorescence corymbi-
form or umbellate, loose; corolla broadly campanulate with broad
base (3)6—10 mm long, white, yellow -violet, pinkish, violet, or yellow
but then flowers small and plant 3—5 cm high; rosette leaves mostly
ovate or oblong, obtuse or acute. Plants glabrous or puberulent

or the leaves only ciliate-margined. Central Asia. (Section

ERB aba olb Ey ee BOT vi niacs ca aod can cn RES OMGML since sy ugieawmarcmeee 44 Be
Underground part thickened, fusiform; inflorescence paniculate, loose;
corolla infundibular-campanulate or campanulate, mostly with cuneate,
narrow base, 5—10 mm long, yellow, red, pink; rosette leaves oblong

or lanceolate, spatulate, obtuse. Plants mostly glandular-pubescent,
less often glabrous. (Mainly Caucasian species, one species in Central

Beit wSectlOn. EyUnsIaOISl bat lias sBermer) Mages Gis aa sin hoect basaie-* Lee

Inflorescence a long, narrow, racemose panicle or else narrowly

paniculate, 2—3 8 Weta AMG Ic eval eee NU TRAE HA 6.

inflorescence broadly paniculate, A= 7.ema|DROA acs alicpmy arid, sofermpae © « Te

Glabrous plants; calyx fe as long as corolla; petals lanceolate;

pedicels about as Jong.as flowers; ca..9—>6, nam, LONG open 06 wpe eyenete® « te
lita map athleh obra, “ope lary xn i baitiaghas . 9. R. paniculata (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Berger.

91

OF

12:

15.

Glandular-pubescent plants; calyx half as long as corolla; petals

oblong-elliptic; pedicels. ca. llama Mo me rye tee years, eesnis caret eae Me eee
sa so ey Le eta Se A CMe ie 10. R. subspicata (Fr. et Sint.) A. Bor.
Entire plants glabrous; corolla 5—8 mm long, yellow or yellow-green;
Gepalchoy abeMn ie ames tee alee eee 11. R. glabra (Rgl. et Winkler) Berger.

Leaves hispidulous-ciliate, later glabrous; corolla ca.4 mm long,
purple, fleshy-red or whitish with purple glands, drying yellowish,

Millh violet petal iis; sepals ance olare rs cee re veite au ett t=ltet eat tent meee
Be et a FO mate! ti sft 12. R.turkestanica (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Berger.
Corolla:yellow.,, Plants’ 3=ovemi inioh gas cats oases ete ene eee oF
Corolla white, violet or yellow-violet (drying lilac in the middle, yellow
at the edges).| Plants, (6)e=15)\(le)iemuhigh®. 242. alee eee 10.

Flowers small, ca. 3mm long, short-pediceled, in few -flowered
inflorescence; petals narrowly lanceolate; cauline leaves acuminate
Rn Grn UM ERE END RA TV rd 13 13. R.kokanica (Rgl. et Schmalh.) A. Bor.
Flowers 5—7 mm long, long-pediceled, in loose, many -flowered,
corymbiform-umbellate inflorescence; petals oblong-lanceolate;

CAihine IGE SS SUOOOUSES bo oo oS dod oaoos ooo 8 14. R. lutea A. Bor.
Corolla white (often drying pale yellow), connate into tube as long as
calyx; rosette leaves rhomboid-ovate, subobtuse or concave at the

apex, DUberullemty wet td sens eum re 18, R.platyphylla (Schrenk) Berger.
IPIByaiS INO’ BUS) BYNONWE. oo oo o © SUS Sir al et aittel lala, (on atoms’ ceel on sce emtenemette ees MLS
Petals 5—7(8)mm long, yellow -violet (drying dark violet); stamens

with yellow filaments and anthers, later darkening; rosette leaves —
mainly young leaves — white, long-ciliate, hispid on the margin, later

glabrescent-margined:plabrous® on the) surtace 2 es are. n-th eee
aa” edlaly er teee Med ote at crue her ee® ay Tey Maat oh shee beet ees 17. R.tadzhikistana A. Bor.
Petals 6—10 mm long, white, pinkish or violet, darkening along the keel;
SHeANSins wirduwa wHolueS wulevonerars; eval ClWAK eyawWSIOS 5b so oo oo OO or

Rosette leaves ovate-oblong and — like the cauline — hispidulous on
margin and surface; flowers mostly 5-, more rarely 6- or 7-merous;
calyx '/; as long as corolla, with long white hairs at base; follicles

OVS OKENSK GE) Clee tM Ro WE out LOMO 1 gihik oe OM Oeiod Cocina Gu Bhs 16. R.schischkinii A. Bor.
Rosette leaves oblong, glabrous like the cauline, hispidulous -margined
only at the summit; flowers mostly 6-, less often 7- or 8-merous;

calyx half as long as corolla, glabrous; follicles glabrous.........
agen BN AOR g 2 BAAS s MODS date 16. R.alpestris (Kar. et Kir.) A. Bor.
Plants more or less glandular-pubescent; corolla pubescent on the

OUESIME ee W ety ona aN Abeta 8 Petia. ene ae) CME DE SOEs ee 1D) -
Plants glabrous; corolla slabroust ea. fs 2 eee en 14,
Corolla yellow, ca. 7mm long, with lanceolate-triangular petals;

calyx 2-2 alm! long: fruit ca. 6 mimiong, limear 29...) sane ee ee

oy SN Fe RGA tert sliba CeeTA ene een One CAPE nae gy MM 7. R. lipskyi A. Bor.
Corolla pink, ca.10mm long; sepals ca.4—5 mm long; follicles

ca. 9mm long, elongate-lanceolate..... 5. R. persica (Boiss.) Berger.

Flowering stems arising from axils of central leaves of radical rosette,
mostly branching from base, forming a broad, many -flowered,

thyrsoid inflorescence, with secund branches and with flowers from

the very base; corolla red, ca.5 mm long, connate nearly to the

mirddve sh") et ae 6, R.elymaitica (Boiss. et Hausskn.) Berger.

92

118

+ Flowering stems arising in axils of lateral leaves of rosette;
inflorescence corymbiform-paniculate, terminal; corolla 6—10mm
Licira Need SMSO Ded MING: siaenery =) aad aie Be abs) shot oa, Oe iC ir COROROE Cente Ofer ia 16.
NG). o Calyx ah as long as corolla, with broad base; corolla 6 mm long,
broadly campanulate. Entire plant densely spreadingly glandular -

pibeceent. (Genteal, Aca): Pika. alist 8. R.hissarica A. Bor.
+ Cally x Ae = ub as long as corolla, cuneate at base; corolla ca.10mm
aici s. (SENET SS) SAN Ay GAR eee Rt 11.42) A Ree Bee ke CRE Rr a lees

17. Flowering stems glandular-pubescent in upper part, glabrous in lower
part; corolla whitish with dark glands 4. R.radiciflora (Steud.) A. Bor.

PML ere plant minutely villous elandular; corolla reddish. sis hk . a <0.
Jog Ere’ AG AEA AGS Dae If, heat hana tn! 3. R.sempervivum (M. B.) Berger.

Section 1. SEMPERVIVOIDES Boiss., Fl. Or. II (1872) 776.— Sect.
Prometheum Berger (sub Sedo) in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930)
459.— Annuals or biennials with cordlike, nonthickened roots; inflorescence
corymbiform; flowers 5-merous; monocarpic; stems densely leafy.
Caucasus.

1. R. pilosa (M.B.) A. Bor.comb. nova.— Sedum pilosum M.B.,

Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 352; Boiss., Fl. Or. II, 786; Berger in Engl. u. Pr.,
Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930) 459; Gross., Fl. cauc. II, 459; Hamet in Acta Horti
Tiflis. VIII, 3 (1908) 28.— Cotyledon pubescens C.A.M., Enum. pl.
Cauc. (1831) 150.— Umbilicus pubescens Ldb., Fl. Ross. II (1844-1846)
Mapas ou mm ae oe lit! Hort, —Wie.: Bot. Waccdtab.cols3. Pracver in

Journ. Hort. Soc. (1921) f.166; Fréd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VII (1932)

pl. IX, textfig. 64—71.

Biennial; roots slender, fasciculate-cordlike; first year stems not
developed in the form of a rosette of radical leaves; fruiting second-year
stems 5—8cm high, leafy, straight or slightly curved, mostly simple,
glandular-pubescent; rosette leaves ovate-spatulate, the cauline lanceolate-
oblong, all leaves glandular-pubescent, flat, fleshy, sessile, 7-10 mm long,
3—5 mm broad, obtuse, bright green; inflorescence umbellate-corymbiform,
6—186 -flowered, dense, branching, 2—3 cm long, 2—4 cm broad; flowers
d-merous; pedicels 4—6 mm long; sepals connate at base, linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, ca. 3.5—5 mm long, 1—1.5 mm broad, glandular-pubescent, erect,
green; corolla glabrous; petals pinkish or pink-violet or whitish, 1.5 times
as long as calyx, 6-8 mm long, 2—3 mm broad, oblong-ovate, subacute, connate
at base; stamens 10, slightly more than half as long as petals, with yellowish-
reddish anthers; hypogynous scales less than 1 mm long, oblong-ovate,
emarginate, colorless; follicles erect, green, as long as stamens, gibbous,
divergent on the inner side, with reddish beak; seeds oblong, striped,
ca.0.8mm long, ca.0.3mm broad. May-— June.

Rocky sites at 1,000—2,300 m. Caucasus: Cisc. (northern Slope of
Main Range), Dag., E. Transc. (often), W. Transc. (rarely), S. Transc. (often),
W. Transc. (rarely), S. Transc., Tal. (Zuvant). Gen.distr.: Arm.-Kurd.
(former Kars Region, former Artvin District), Bal.-As. Min. Described
fromthe Central Caucasus. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Ornamental species suitable for carpetlike flower beds. The
indication of S.pilosum for the Kopet Dagh Range near Kizyl-arvat is

93

erroneous (O. Kuntze in A. H. P. X (1887-1889) 189; Fedtsch. O. et B., Consp.
Fl. Turk. 3 (1909) 73).

2, R.sempervivoides (Fisch.) A. Bor. comb. nova.— Sedum sem peat
Wailnyro) Wile Sl TSKOlNG ESS IMIG IBS TMI ENbe, —Cenbies IIL (1 819) 313; Hamet in Acta
Horti Tiflis. VII, 3 (1908) 26; Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930)
459; Grossh;; Hi. Cave. Il 229. — S.sie nape iy invwn Cee ierocdiicei a (1828);
A04 > dbs Hl eROSS ll Cos SOLS Gen bile Oiler (Gok — i OniClavgclrana chat slr
schlecht. in herb. Berol, ex Ldb.,/Fl. Rossi ll, £83; Boiss., Pl Or. leer
S.divaricatum Sehlecht. in herb. Berol. ex Ldb., Fl. Ross., l.c.=
Ie.: Gartenfl. ..551,1155; .Bot..Mas. tab. 21 (4eePracger in Jounn. item
Soc. (1921) £.165, Fréd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VII (1932) pl. IX, 3-4;
textfic.s (4—6l AEs .7, Herb Bijicane:iNonsaal,

Annual or biennial; roots cordlike, arising in a bundle from the tuberous
underground part; first year stems short, arising from basal rosette,
ca.3—5 cm in diameter; the second-year flowering shoots arise, 10—26 cm
long, erect, robust, densely leafy, pubescent; rosette leaves obovate-cuneate,
sharply acuminate; cauline leaves more remote, alternate, the upper more
elongated, reddish, all leaves pubescent, ciliate, entire, fleshy, 10—30 cm
long, 8-13mm broad; inflorescence corymbiform, 2—6 cm long, 4—9 cm
in diameter, dense, many-flowered; flowers 5-merous; pedicels ca.4—7mm
long, longer than calyx; calyx pubescent, the triangular, acute sepals
connate at base, 3—4 mm long, 1—1.5 mm broad, red, fleshy; corolla deep
red, connate at base, the petals lanceolate, acute, pubescent on the outside,
6—8 mm long, 1.5—2 mm broad, 2—2.5 times as long as calyx; stamens 10,
red, more than half as long as corolla; follicles divergent, pubescent,
ovoid, red, gibbous on the inside, erect, shorter than corolla; hypogynous
scales broad, obovate, 0.3—0.5mm long, ca. 1 mm broad; seeds oblong,
striped, ca.l1 mm long,0.35mm broad. June—August.

Dry stony slopes and rocks inthe middle zone of mountains, at
1,800—2 ,000 m, to the subalpine zone. — Caucasus: W. Transc. (rarely),

BH iranse. (Georgian SSR), mainly in S. Transc., Dag. (Derbent-Lagovskii).
Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. (former Kars Region, former Artvin District),
Bal.-As. Min. (As. Min.). Described from the vicinity of Tbilisi. Type
in Leningrad.

Economic importance. Ornamental species often found in cultivation.
Deserves attention on account of its beautiful bright red flowers.

Section 2. EU-ROSULARIA Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930)
465, p.p.— Perennials with fusiformly thickened underground part;
inflorescence loose, paniculate, or corymbiform-paniculate; flowers 5-,
6-merous, yellow, pink, red; corolla campanulate or narrowly infundibular -
campanulate, with cuneate base, less often calyx rounded at base. Mostly
glandular-pubescent plants, less often glabrous. Caucasus, one species
in Central Asia.

Series 1. Caucasicae A. Bor. Corolla narrowly campanulate or
infundibular, divided to the middle or beyond.

94

120

3. R.sempervivum (M.B.) Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a
(1930) 466. — Cotvledion scm penrvwrvum ivi By, Beschr. der Hand. am:
Casp. Meer (1800) 176, app., No. 46; Ej., Fl. taur.-cauc. I, 351.— Umbilicus
sempervivum DC., Prodr. III (1828) 399; Ldb., Fl. Ross. Il, 175. —
Sedum racemosum Pall. ex Ldb., Fl. Ross. II (1844-1846) 175. —
S.sempervivum Hamet in Candollea IV (1929-1931) 24 (non DC.),

Perennial; root robust, long; entire plant minutely villous-glandular,
5—10 (15)em high; rosette leaves spatulate, obtuse, truncate -rounded
at the apex, cuneate toward base,membranously dentate-ciliate on the
margin; cauline leaves spatulate-oblong, obtuse, remote; inflorescence
corymbiform-paniculate, oblong, densely glandular-pubescent, many -flowered;
peduncles arising in axils of leaves at edge of radical rosette; flowers
5-merous, with small lanceolate, subobtuse bracts; pedicels as long as
calyx, calyx ff — as long as corolla, equal to corolla tube, pubescent,
divided nearly to base into narrowly lanceolate,acute sepals, cuneate at
base; corolla 8—10 mm long, narrowly campanulate, reddish, pubescent
on the outside, divided above the middle into 5 oblong-lanceolate acuminate,
erect petals; stamens 10, ap as long as corolla, with dark red reniform
anthers; follicles lanceolate, pubescent, as long as stamens, with filiform
beak. May—June. (Plate VII, Figure 3a).

Stony and pebbly soils in mountains at 1,300—1,800 m. — Caucasus:
S. Transc., (Mt. Alagez), E. Transc. (on Talysh border — Binotly village),
Tal. (often). Gen.distr.: Arm.-Kurd.(Erzerum, former Kars Region), Iran.
Described from the Caucasus. Type in Leningrad.

4, R.radiciflora (Steud.) A. Bor.comb. nova.— Umbilicus radici-
florus Steud. in Kotshy pl. exs., No. 332 ex Boiss., Fl. Or. II (1872) 772. —
U.libanoticus var.steudelii Boiss.,l.c.

Perennial; root thickened; underground part of stem short, covered by
remnants of old leaves; flowering stems 5—15 cm high, glandular -pubescent
in upper part, glabrous below, arising from axils of leaves on sides of
rosette; the latter 1.5—2.5 cm long, oblong, spatulate, more or less
emarginate, tapering toward base, minutely glandular -hairy or subglabrous,
membranously dentate-ciliate on the margin; cauline leaves remote, oblong,
obtuse, glandular -pubescent; inflorescence corymbiform -paniculate,
oblong, many -flowered, glandular-pubescent; flowers with pedicels half as
long as calyx or else subsessile, 5-merous, with oblong-lanceolate, subobtuse
bracts; calyx *4—'/, as long as corolla, divided to base into narrowly
lanceolate acute sepals, cuneate at base; corolla ca.1cm long, narrowly
campanulate, whitish pink with darker glands, pubescent on the outside,
divided above the middle into ovate, acute, erect peials; stamens 10, By as
long as corolla, with yellow reniform anthers; follicles lanceolate, with
filiform beak. May— August.

Stony soils, to 3,000 m.— Caucasus: S. Transc. (Nakhichevan, Nor-
Bayazet). Gen.distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Described from Kurdistan. Type in
Leningrad.

5. R. persica (Boiss. ) Berger in Engl.u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1 930)

466.—Umbilicus persicus Boiss., Diagn. ‘cies I, 3 (1843) 14; Grossh.,
Fl. Cauc. II, 232.

95

Perennial; entire plant glabrous, glaucescent; flowering stems arising
from axils of leaves at sides of rosette, 7—15cm high; rosette leaves
elongate-spatulate, obtuse, membranously and finely serrulate, glabrous;
cauline leaves linear-lanceolate to linear, remote, subobtuse; inflorescence
corymbiform-paniculate, loose, with secund, few-flowered and curved
branches; flowers 5-merous, campanulate, cuneate toward base;
pedicels as long as or longer than calyx; calyx glabrous, 1 — ‘4 as long
as corolla, divided to base into linear-lanceolate acute sepals; corolla
narrowly campanulate, glabrous, pink, ca. 10mm long,parted to WA into
acute, oblong-lanceolate petals; stamens 10, adnate to We into acute,
oblong-lanceolate petals; stamens 10, adnate to '/, to corolla tube,
shorter than corolla; hypogynous scales semiorbicular, small; follicles
ca.9mm long, glabrous, elongate-lanceolate, gradually acuminate with
a filiform beak, ca. 1 mm long; seeds oblong, brown, small, less than 1 mm
long. June.

Stony and dry soils, calcareous rocks, mountains, at 700—2,500 m. —
Caucasus: S. Transec. (Ordubad, Migry). Gen. distr.: Iran., As. Min.
Described from Iran. ‘Type in Geneva.

6. R.elymaitica (Boiss. et Hausskn.) Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm.
19a (1930) 465.— Umbilicus elymaiticus Boiss. et Hausskn. ex Boiss.,
Fl. Or. II (1872) 770; Grossh., Fl. Cauc.II,231.—Sedum e lymaiticum
Hamet in Candollea IV (1929-1931) 30.

Perennial or biennial; underground part of follicle woody, thickened,
fusiform; flowering stems arising from axils of leaves in center of apical
rosette; stems 7-10 (15)em high, glandular -pubescent, branching from
base, forming a broad, many -flowered, thyrsoid inflorescence with secund
branches; rosette leaves oblong-spatulate, tapering to base, obtuse,
capitate, 1.5—2.5cm long; cauline leaves small, oblong-lanceolate, glandular -
pubescent; flowers 5-merous, as long as their drooping pedicels; calyx
glandular-pubescent, connate at base, with oblong-ovate, subacute sepals,
as long as or slightly more than half as long as corolla; corolla red,
campanulate, ca.5 mm long, connate nearly to the middle, with acuminate,
oblong-lanceolate, erect petals, glandular -pubescent and greenish on the
back; stamens 10, shorter than corolla, with light filaments and dark
purple anthers; follicles lanceolate, shorter than corolla, with short beak;
seeds small, ca. 0.5 mm long, oblong, May.

Caleareous rocks at 2,500—3,000 m. — Caucasus: S. Transe. (Ordubad,
Aras River gorge). Gen.distr.: SW Iran. Described from Iran, according
to collections of Haussknecht — Eschter, Tchinar, and Sakawa mountains.
Type in Geneva.

7. R.lipskyi A. Bor. sp. nova in Addenda VIII, p. 369.

Perennial; entire plant glabrous, green, with branching, short caudex and
thickened root; flowering stems arising from axils of leaves at sides of
radical rosette, 5—6 cm high; rosette leaves oblong-lanceolate, 1.5—2 cm long,
4—5 mm broad, obtuse, membranous-denticulate, glabrous; cauline leaves
oblong-lanceolate, remote,subobtuse; inflorescence paniculate, few -flowered,
with erect branches; flowers with pedicels about as long as calyx, 5-merous,
campanulate, with linear bracts; calyx glabrous, VY — Vp as long as corolla,
divided to base into lanceolate, triangular, acute sepals; corolla narrowly

96

123

campanulate, with cuneate base, glabrous, yellow, ca. 7mm long, parted to
", into acuminate, oblong-lanceolate petals; stamens 10, shorter than
corolla, with yellow anthers; follicles ca.6 mm long, glabrous, linear,
acuminate, with filiform beak, bs as long as anthers; seeds oblong, brown,
small,ca.0.5mm long. June.

Mountains. — Caucasus: S. Transc. (Nakhichevan District — Ganza).
Endemic. Possibly in Iran. Described fromGanza. Type in Leningrad.

Series 2. TURKESTANICAE A. Bor.— Corolla broadly campanulate,
with broad base, lobed to below the middle.

8. R.hissarica A. Bor. sp. nova in Addenda VIII, p. 369.

Perennial, with woody, long, fusiformly thickened root, with short,
sometimes branching caudex covered with remains of old leaves, spreadingly
villous-glandular throughout; flowering stems 5—7cm high; rosette leaves
Spatulate, oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, cuneate at base, subobtuse,
1—3 cm long, 3—7mm broad in broadest part, all leaves densely glandular -
hairy; cauline leaves lanceolate-spatulate, obtuse, 4—10 mm long, 1-3 cm
broad, remote; flowering stems arising from axils of lateral rosette
leaves; inflorescence paniculate, loose, spreading; flowers 5- (6)-merous,
with pedicels longer than calyx, and with linear-lanceolate bracts; calyx
ae as long as corolla, rounded at base, hairy, divided nearly to base into
acute lanceolate sepals; corolla 6—7 mm long, pinkish violet, broadly
campanulate, parted to below the middle into lanceolate, acuminate petals,
with hairs along the midnerve on the outside; stamens 10 (12), %/, as long
as corolla, with yellow reniform anthers; follicles lanceolate, with
filiform apically thickened beak, longer than stamens; hypogynous scales
linear, 1 mm long, slightly broadening toward the top; seeds 0.5 mm long,
oblong, sulcate, brown. June. (Plate VII, Figure 2a).

Rocks and stony soils at ca.2,500m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Gissar
Range, Khovak; Mt. Chulbair near Sina village). Endemic. Described from
Mt. Chulbair in the Gissar Range in Tadzhikistan. Type in Leningrad.

Section 3. ORIENTALIA A. Bor. Perennials with tuberous, rounded
underground parts; inflorescence long, racemose or paniculate, dense,
many-flowered; flowers 5-, less often 6-merous, yellow, whitish pink,
less often red. Central Asia.

Series 1. Racemiflorae A.Bor.— Inflorescence usually a narrow racemose
panicle.

9. R. paniculata (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a
(1930) 466.— Umbilicus paniculatus Rgl. et Schmalb.in A.H. P. V
(1877) 583.— Cotyledon paniculata O.et B. Fedtsch. in Consp. Fl.
Turk. 3 (1909) 70.—- Umbelicus platyphyllus Boiss., Fl. Or. II (1872)
773 (non Schrenk).— (?)Sedum radicosum Boiss., Diagn. Ser. 1,10
(1849) 15.— Ic.: Fréd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VII (1932) pl. LVII; 2, textfig.
90 — 98 (sub S.radicosum Boiss.).

97

124

Perennial; root tuberous, rounded-oval, with a bundle of slender roots;
stems 20—35 (40) cm high, erect, simple, glabrous, leafy, arising from axils
of rosette leaves; rosette leaves flat, spatulate, obovate or oblong, mostly
acuminate, fleshy; cauline leaves remote, alternate, sessile, spatulate, oblong
or lanceolate, acute, the lower 1—1.5cm long, diminishing upward;
inflorescence a racemose, elongated panicle, ca. 10—15 cm long, 2—3 (4)em
in diameter, with numerous short, recurved, divaricate branches;
flowers 1—3 (sometimes more) on each branch, 5-merous, with small,
ovate-lanceolate, acute bracts; pedicels from shorter to longer than flowers;
calyx divided into ovate-lanceolate, acute sepals, ca. Ws as long as corolla;
petals ca.5—6 mm long, connate from base nearly to the middle or lower,
lanceolate, acuminate, divergent, pale yeliow (dry), greenish or pinkish,
with dark nerves; stamens 10, shorter than petals, with pale yellow filaments
and rounded, darkish anthers; hypogynous scales obtuse, subquadrate;
follicles erect, ovoid-lanceolate, the filiform beak 2—3 cm long, longer than
petals; seeds small, less than 1 mm long, brown, ovoid. June—July.

Stony slopes at 2,000—3,000 m. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet Dagh
Range), Pam.-Al., T. Sh. (W. part). Gen.distr.: Iran. Described from
Zeravshan. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Highly polymorphic species; owing to lack of material, it
is as yet impossible to subdivide the species. Transcaspian specimens
differ somewhat from the Pamir-Alai plants and may belong to an independent
species. (Sedum radicosum Boiss.).

10. R. subspicata (Freyn et Sint.) A. Bor. comb. nova.— U.subspicatus
Freyn et Sint. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. (1906) 195.— Cotyledon subspicata
Fedtsch. O. et B. in Consp. Fl. Turk. 3 (1909) 69.

Perennial, tuberous root; green, glandular-pubescent; flowering stems
arising in radical rosettes, curved at base; rosettes ca.6cm in diameter;
radical leaves sessile, flat, oblong, 23—30 mm long, 5—6 mm broad, acute,
entire, pubescent on the margin, otherwise glabrous; cauline leaves
1.7—7.5 mm long, erect, terete, sessile, lanceolate-oblong, acute, sparsely
glandular; flowers in long raceme, with acute lanceolate-subulate bracts,
7mm long,0.5mm broad; pedicels 1—1.5 mm long, erect, elongated, about
half as long as calyx, glandular -tuberculate; calyx with oblong-elliptic,
glandular sepals, 3mm long, 1 mm broad, half as long as corolla; corolla
campanulate, yellow, connate to |, of its length, the petals glabrous, elliptic -
oblong, acute or short acuminate, red along the midnerve, 6 mm long,
1.5mm broad; stamens shorter than petals, with elliptic, dark anthers,
yellow pollen, and white filaments, pistils lanceolate, with filiform, erect
styles, slightly longer than petals. June.

Among Juniperus in mountains. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet
Dagh Range, near Solyukli village), Pam. -Al. (near the Zirabulak Railroad,
Shakhrisyabs). Gen.distr.: possibly in adjacent parts of Iran. Described
from the Kopet Dagh Range, from the vicinity of Solyukli. Type in
Leningrad.

Note. Specimens from Pamir-Alai are distinguished from the Kopet
Dagh R.subspicata by their greater pubescence and by their branching,
many -flowered inflorescence.

Series 2. Thyrsiflorae A. Bor. — Inflorescence broad, paniculate.

98

125

L
‘

MY

ih ed “as
PY <<
é Tey punl y Kid =

PLATE VIL. 1—Penthorum chinense Pursh: a) flower, b) fruit; 2 — Rosularia hissarica A. Bor.:
3 —R.sempervivum (M.B.) Berger: a) flower; 4—R.schischkinii A. Bor.: a) flower,

a) flower;
5 — R.platyphy lla (Schrenk) Berger: a) flower.

b) rosette leaves;

99

12%

°302.— Cotyledon glabra Fedtsch.O. et B.in Consp. Fl. Turk. 3 (1909)

11. R. glabra (Rgl. et Winkl.) Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm.18a
(1930) 466.— Umbilicus glaber Rgl.et Winkl.in A.H. P. VI (1879)

70.— Cotyledon ferganica Drob.in Sched. — Ic.: Gartenfl. (1880), |
tab. O1LSeite ate |
Perennial; roots arising in a bundle from rounded underground part;

entire plant glabrous; stems 1—3, suberect, arising at sides of radical

leaf rosette, 6—25 cm high, leafy; leaves fleshy, flat; rosette leaves
spatulate-elliptic, the outer subobtuse, the inner short-acuminate, all
leaves deep green, elongated to (3)4—6 cm, sparsely and papillose-
hispidulous; cauline leaves remote, alternate, the lower elliptic-oblong, the
upper oblong, gradually passing into linear bracts; inflorescence compound,
paniculate, many -flowered, spreading, 4—7 cm in diameter, long scorpioid,
with secund branches; flowers remote, short pediceled, 5-merous; calyx
divided nearly to base into ovate, acute sepals, Ms — We as long as corolla;
corolla campanulate, yellow or yellow-green, parted nearly to the middle
into elliptic, acute, erect, subcarinate petals 5—8mm long; stamens about
as long as corolla, with yellow anthers and filaments; follicles glabrous,
ovoid, longer than petals, with beak ca.2mm long. May-June.

Dry stony slopes at 1,500—3,000 m. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Pamir,
Darvaz, Alai Range, Shurabad [?] district). Endemic. Described from
E. Turkestan (E. Regel). Type lost ?

Note. According to Regel, the length of the flower is 8mm, but in fact
it is 5-8mm; in the Gartenflora drawing, the stamens protrude too far.
Apparently the Gartenflora illustration was drawn after a R.glabra type
which has not been preserved.

12. R.turkestanica (Rgl. et Winkl.) Berger in Engl.u. Pr., Nat. Pflzm.
18a (1930) 466.—- Umbilicus turkestanicus Rgl.et Winkl.in A.H.P.
WAL 2 GUO) SOshy — Cotyledon turkestanica Fedtsch.O. et B., Consp.
Fl. Turk. 3 (1909) 69.— Cotyledon dubius C. Winkl. in sched. — Ic.:
Gartenflora (1880) tab. 998, f.1.

Perennial; underground part tuberous; stems 7—10cm high, arising
at side of radical leaf rosette, glabrous, greenish or with reddish dots,
few, ascending, leafy; radical leaves flat, in a dense rosette, the outer
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 2—3 cm long, acuminate, the inner
spatulate-ovate, acute, all leaves hispidulous-ciliate on the margin, with
both surfaces hispidulous-ciliate and later glabrous; inflorescence
paniculate, 5—15 cm long, with subscorpioid secund branches, many -
flowered, densely flowered; flowers 5- or 6-merous, with pedicels as
long as or longer than calyx; calyx divided nearly to base into lanceolate
or elliptic-lanceolate, acute sepals, '/,—1/, as long as corolla; corolla
campanulate, purple, drying yellowish with violet tips, parted to the
middle into declinate, lanceolate, acute petals, ca.4mm long; stamens
10—12, about as long as corolla; follicles oblong-lanceolate, erect, united
nearly to the apex, pubescent at base, with short, filiform beak. June.

Gravelly slopes.— Centr. Asia: T.Sh. Endemic. Described from
E. Turkestan. Type unknown.

Note. Polymorphic species requiring detailed study, which is impossible
owing to lack of material. The type may be surmised from the Gartenflora
drawing.

100

128

L29

Section 4. CAMPANELLA A. Bor.— Genus Sedum Group
Umbilicoides Fréd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VI (1931) 25p.p.—
Perennials with tuberous underground parts; inflorescence short,
corymbiform, corymbiform-paniculate or umbellate, loose; flowers
5—8-merous, white, yellow-violet, pinkish or violet, less often yellow;
corolla broadly campanulate, with broad base. Plants glabrous or
puberulent or ciliate only on leaf margin. Central Asia.

Series 1. Luteae A.Bor.— Flowers yellow. Small plants, 3-5 cm high.

13. R.kokanica (Rgl. et Schmalh.) A. Bor. comb. nova. — Sedum
kokanicum Regl. et Schmalh. ex Rgl., Descrip. plant. nov. in Izv. o-va lyub.
estestv. XXXIV, 2 (1882) 26; A. P. Fedchenko, Puteshestvie v Turk in
18 (1881), No. 64.— Ic.: Fréd.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VI (1931) pl. XV.

' Perennial or biennial; roots thickened, fleshy, short; entire plant ca.
3cm high; stems small, erect or ascending, mostly numerous, arising
from radical leaf rosette, glabrous, with sparse bristles near tip, densely
leafy; leaves fleshy, flat, hispid-ciliate only on the margin, glabrous
on the surface; radical leaves in 9 dense rosettes, lanceolate, acuminate;
eauline leaves ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acuminate; inflorescence
few -flowered, corymbiform, subcapitate; flowers 6-merous, 3mm long,
with very short pedicels and with linear bracts; calyx half as long as
corolla, with ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, triangular, 3-nerved sepals;
petals narrowly lanceolate, short~connate at base, acute, 1 -nerved, yellow,
3 mm long; stamens 12, those opposite to petals }/, as long asthem, with short
filaments,adnate to petals to halftheir length, the stamens opposite sepals longer
than the other 6, half as long as petals; anthers large, oblong-ovate,
yellow. June.

High mountains, at 2,800—3,500 m. Known and described from a single
site. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (near Kokand, Shchyrovskii Glacier). Type
in Leningrad.

14, R. lutea A. Bor. sp. nova in Addenda VIII, p. 370.

Perennial; root tuberous, rounded -oval, 0.6—2 cm thick, giving rise to
several thinner roots; stems 3—5cm high, 2—3, arising in leaf rosette,
glabrous, with remote leaves; leaves fleshy, flat, the radical in a dense
rosette, oblong-lanceolate, subobtuse, glabrous, with very sparsely ciliate
margin or eciliate; cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate, subobtuse;
inflorescence many -flowered, corymbiform-umbellate, rather loose;
flowers 5- or 6-merous, with long, slender pedicels; sepals 1/3 as long
as corolla, ovate, acute, ca.2 mm long; petals oblong-lanceolate, short -
connate at base, mucronate, 1-nerved, yellow, 5—7mm long; stamens 10—12,
those opposite to sepals slightly shorter than and those opposite to petals le
as long as petals, with oblong-ovate dark violet anthers and yellow
filaments; hypogynous scales semiorbicular, truncate, very small;
follicles lanceolate, many -seeded, with filiform beak ca.1 mm long. July.

Calcareous rocks, thickets of woody-shrubby vegetation. — Centr. Asia:
Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from E. Tadzhikistan (Vakhsh Range; near
Kamoli village). Type in Leningrad.

101

130

Series 2. Alpestres A.Bor.— Flowers white, violet, or yellow-violet.
Plants (5)8—15 (18) cm high.

15. R.alpestris (Kar. et Kir.) A. Bor. comb. nova.— Umbilicus
alpestris Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XV (1842) 354.— Cotyledon
alpestris Fedtsch. O. et B., Consp. Fl. Turk. 3 (1909) 70.— Sedum
umbilicoides Rgl.in A.H.P.V,1 (1877) 263; Gartenflora (1877) 290;
Fedtsch. O. et B., Consp. Fl. Turk. 3 (1909) 73.— S.olgae Rgl. et Schmalh.
ex Rgl., Descrip. plant. nov. in Izv. o-va lyub. estestv. XXIV, 2 (1882) 26. —
S.acuminatum Hamet in Candollea IV (1929-1931) 23.— Ic.: Gartenflora
(1877) tab. 917; Frod.in Acta Horti Gothoburg. VI (1931) pl. XVI.

Perennial; root rounded-tuberous; stems arising from axils of rosette
leaves, erect or ascending, leafy, glabrous, 5—8 (12)cm high; leaves fleshy,
flat, hispidulous-ciliate on the margin only at the apex, otherwise glabrous;
basal leaves rosulate, 1.5—2.5cm long, 3-6 mm broad, oblong-lanceolate
or oblong, acuminate; rosettes 1.5—3 cm in diameter; cauline leaves
sessile, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate; inflorescence simple,
few-flowered, corymbiform or corymbiform-paniculate or racemose
flowers 6—8-merous, with pedicels shorter than corolla, or upper flowers
with elongated pedicels, with small ovate-lanceolate bracts; sepals
lanceolate, acute or acuminate, glabrous, 3-nerved, half as long as corolla;
petals connate at base, lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, white or pinkish, along
the keel violet or reddish, recurved and divergent at the apex, 6-9 mm long;
stamens 12—16, shorter than petals, with ovate, dark anthers and light
filaments; hypogynous scales small, semiorbicular, truncate or rounded
at the tip, entire; follicles many-seeded, convergent, with filiform beak
ca. 1mm long, glabrous; seeds small,brown, ovoid, less than 1 mm long.
sune = Jw hys

Stony soils at 1,500—3,000 m. — Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. (Dzungarian
Ala-Tau), T.Sh., Pam.-Al.(Alai Range). Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash.

(Kuldja). Described from the Dzungarian Ala-Tau. Type in Leningrad.

Note. In his description of S.olgae, Regel cites only 6-merous
flowers, but in fact flowers with 7 petals occur in authentic specimens;
this is true also of S.umbilicoides Rgl., for which 7-merous flowers
are recorded, though 6-merous flowers are not exceptional. Umbilicus
alpestris Kar.et Kir. also has 6- and 7-merous flowers, but they are
more united at the base thanin S.olgae and S.umbilicoides. The
number of stamens (8—10) indicated by Regel for S.olgae is erroneous;
this species always has a double number of stamens, viz.,12—14. Thus, these
three species cannot be differentiated on the basis of the material available.
The specimens collected in the Ketmen Range are distinguished by their
stockiness, few flowers (often 1), and more intense color of flowers. Certain
specimens from the Kirghiz Ala-Tau (collections of Massagetov and
Massal'skii) andfrom the Beishmunak natural boundary area (collections
of Taranenko) are distinguished by linear-lanceolate leaves.

16. R.schischkinii A. Bor. sp. nova in Addenda VIII, p. 370.

Perennial; roots tuberous; stems 1—7, arising in axils of lateral
leaves of radical rosette, glabrous, 12—20 cm high, leafy, erect or ascending;
leaves fleshy, flat; rosette leaves hispidulous, densely white-ciliate-
margined, especially at the apex, obovate-oblong, acute, 1.5—2.5 cm long,
0.5—1 cm broad; rosette 3—8cm in diameter; cauline leaves oblong, hispid

102

on margin and blade surface, acuminate, remote, ca.0.7—1.5cm
long, ca.0.2—0.4 cm broad; inflorescence corymbiform -paniculate, many -
flowered; flowers 5—7-merous, long-pediceled, with small, linear, acute
bracts; calyx with ovate, 3-nerved, subacute sepals, 2.5—3 times as long
as corolla, with long white, sometimes deciduous, hairs at base; petals
subobtuse, apiculate, oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved, white or pinkish, drying
dark violet along the keel, connate at base, initially divergent, later erect,
0.8—1 cm long; stamens 12 (14), shorter than petals; filaments white,
dilating toward base; anthers ovate; hypogynous scales small, semiorbicular;
follicles pubescent dorsally, convex ventrally, with subulate,reflexed beak more
than 1 mm long, the follicles not longer than petals; seeds ca. 1mm long,
oblong. July — August. (Plate VII, Figure 4—4b).

Grassy slopes in the steppe zone at ca.2,000m.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh.

(E. part — Sarydzhaz, Kumurchi, Lake Issyk-Kul). Endemic. Described
from Sarydzhaz. Type in Leningrad.

' Note. Closely related to R.alpestris (Kar.et Kir.) A. Bor., from
which it is distinguished by its larger size, shape of rosette leaves,
pubescence of leaves, calyx and fruit, mostly 5- (rarely 6- or 7-merous)
flowers.

17. R.tadzhikistana A. Bor. sp. nova in Addenda VIII, p.371.

Perennial; roots tuberous only in upper part, cordlike below, few; stems
3—6 (8) arising in axils of rosette leaves, erect or ascending, leafy, glabrous,
5—10 (15)cm long; leaves fleshy, flat, glabrous; radical leaves rosulate,
the young ones white-setose, long ciliate throughout margin, later
glabrescent, 0.5—0.8 cm broad, 1—1.5 cm long, ovate to oblong, mucronate;
leaf rosettes (2.5) 3-5 cm in diameter; cauline leaves sessile, oblong-
lanceolate, acute, entire, remote; inflorescence simple, umbellate-
corymbiform, composed of (2)5—10, sometimes more flowers, usually
3-branched; flowers 6- or 7-merous,as long as or longer than their
pedicels, with linear bracts; sepals ovate, acute, glabrous, he = We as long
as corolla; petals connate at base, lanceolate, subobtuse or subacute,
3-nerved, yellow-red inthe middle mostly dark lilac, with yellow edges,
5—7(8)mm long; stamens 12—14,7, as long as petals, with yellow filaments
and rounded yellow, later dark anthers; hypogynous scales small, semi-
orbicular, entire; follicles many-seeded, lanceolate, with erect subulate
beak, ca. 1 mm long; seeds small, ca. 1 mm long, yellow, oblong-ovoid,
subacute. July—August.

Stony slopes, rock crevices, taluses in the high-mountain zone, and
alpine meadows. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Shugnan, Pamir, Darvaz, Roshan,
Obi-Khingou River basin). Endemic. Described from Dasht-i-Uzbekon.
in E. Tadzhikistan. Type in Leningrad.

131

18. R.platyphylla (Schrenk) Berger in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfm. 18a (1930)
466.— Umbilicus platyphyllus Schrenk in Fisch. et Mey., Enum.
pl. nov, (1841). 71; .1db:, BleRosss ll, 175; -Boisss;, FlaOr. IL (1872), 773,.pspe>?
U.pulvinatus Ost.-Sack. et Rupr., Ser. tiansch. (1869) 47.— Cotyledon
platyphylla O.et B. Fedtsch., Consp. Fl. turk. III (1909) 69.— Ic.:
Gartenflora (1880) tab. 998, f.2.

103

Perennial; underground part of root thickened, tuberous, rounded-oval,
with few thick roots from which arise small roots; flowering stems
few (1—4), 10-15 cm high, ascending, simple, puberulent, arising at edge
of radical leaf rosette; rosettes 5—10cm in diameter; rosette leaves
flat, rhomboid-ovate or spatulate, ca. 1.2—2 em broad, 1.5—2.5 (4) cm long,
obtuse or concave or bluntly acuminate, sometimes tapering toward base,
ciliate-margined, puberulent on both surfaces; cauline leaves remote,
alternate, sessile, oblong, 1—1.5 cm long, 0.4—0.5 cm broad, ciliate-margined,
puberulent; inflorescence corymbiform, short, ca. 3-—4cm in diameter,
3—5 cm long, with glandular-puberulent scabrous branches, many -flowered,
the pedicels shortev than flowers, the branches long, secund, with small,
oblong-linear bracts; flowers 5-merous; calyx with obtuse, ovate sepals,
“, —%y as long as petals; corolla white, drying pale yellow, 5—7mm long,
with tube as long as calyx; limb of corolla 2—3 times as long as tube,
with 5 subobtuse, apiculate, ovate petals; stamens 10, shorter than corolla,
with yellow anthers and white filaments; follicles ovoid-oblong, with
filiform beak ca.2mm long; seeds brown, less than 1 mm long, oblong-
ovoid. June—July. (Plate VII, Figure 5a).

Stony and gravelly slopes, rock crevices, occurs singly. — Centr. Asia:
T.Sh., Dzu.-Tarb. Gen.distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Kuldja. Described from the
Dzungarian Ala-Tau. Type in Leningrad.

Note. The stamens are incorrectly represented in the Gartenflora
drawing.

Subfamily 5. PENTHOROIDZAE (ENGL.) A. Bor. — Family Saxifragaceae,
subfamily Penthoroideae, tribe Penthoreae Engl. u. Pr. Nat. Pflzfm. 18a
(1930) 112.— Family Penthoraceae Van Tieghem in Journ. bot. XII (1898)
150; Rydberg in Britton North American Fl. XXII, 1 (1 905) 75.— Follicles
united nearly to the middle, dehiscing by a ring of transverse clefts;
flowers 5-merous; petals inconspicuous or absent. Nonsucculent plants.

Genus 703. PENTHORUM GRONOV.
Gronov. ex L., Coroll. gen.(1737) 8; L., Sp. pl. ed. 1 (1753) 482.

Flowers 5- or 6-, rarely 7- or 8-merous, small, greenish; calyx
d-merous, green, persistent; petals 5- or 6, green, inconspicuous or absent;
stamens 10—12, with filiform filaments and oblong anthers, dehiscing by
longitudinal clefts; ovaries 5 or 6, connate at base, or nearly to the middle,
with short styles and capitate stigma; follicles unilocular, compressed,
arranged on a pyramidal receptacle and connate to half their length; seeds
numerous, Small, ovoid or oblong, minutely tuberculate-glandular.
Perennial plants; leaves not fleshy, alternate, lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, unequally serrate; inflorescence terminal, corymbiform,
composed of (1)3—10 secund branches, scorpioid at the tip.

1. Plants 40—60(85)cm high; stems solitary, simple, less often branching;
leaves elongate-linear-lanceolate, 5—10cm long, 1—1.5cm broad;
inflorescence corymbiform, many-branched; flowers 3—5 mm long
J atel. eeere Gls los ee ae Qaey dicey ees chat 1. P.chinense Pursh.

104

+ Plants 15—20cm high; stems numerous or solitary, mostly branching;
leaves oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, 1—4cm long,0.4—0.7cm
broad; inflorescence composed of solitary branches; flowers 2—3 cm
WIM ans Po cs ee its ae Wales ERO Ry, APE RC I Sleds 5 2. P.humile Rgl. et Maack.

1. P.chinense in Flor. bor.amer. I (1814) 323 in obs.; DC., Prodr. III,
414; Kom., Fl. Manch. II,403; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I,
602.— P.intermedium Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. VII (1837) 152,
MGeoc sles, meee ine, te VL, te lay

Perennial; rhizome short, vertical; stems solitary, erect, simple, less
often branching at base, 40—60 (85) cm high, densely leafy, glabrous at base,
glandular-puberulent at summit; leaves remote, elongate-linear-lanceolate,
usually glandular on the margin, unequally and acutely serrulate, acute, not
fleshy, glabrous, green on both sides, erect, 1—1.5cm broad, 5—10 cm long,
cuneate at base, short-petioled; inflorescence corymbiform, terminal,
composed of 3—10 scorpioid branches, few-flowered or many -flowered,
with short sparse glands on branches; flowers subsessile, with short
glandular -pubescent pedicels, 5-, rarely 6—8-merous; calyx broadly
campanulate, connate at base, with 5 or 6 ovate-lanceolate, acute sepals;
petals almost always absent; stamens 10—12 (14-16), arranged in 2 series,
5—6 (8) stamens shorter than or as long as sepals and 5 longer than sepals;
anthers oblong; follicles 5 or 6, rarely 7 or 8, connate to the middle, with
stellately spreading, thickish beak; seeds ovoid-oblong, very small, sharply
tuberculate by small glands. Fl. July— August, fr. August —September.
(Plate VII, Figure la—b). ‘

Along rivers, on silty bars, occasionally along roadside ditches; has
recently become a component of ricefield weeds. — Far East: Uss.

Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. (China, Korea, Japan). Described from China.

133

2. P.humile Rgl. et Maack ex E. Regel in Mém. Ac. Sc. Pétersb. VII,
ser., IV, No.4 (1861) 64.— Ic.: Regel, Lie. Vvi f75—s.

Perennial; rhizome long, branching or nearly branching, creeping or
obliquely ascending; stems numerous, simple or branching, 15—20 cm high,
densely leafy, sulcate, glabrous or with small glandular hairs at the
summit; leaves alternate, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, unequally
serrulate and glandular on the margin, not fleshy, green, ca.0.4—0.6 cm
broad, 1—4 cm long, tapering to a short petiole or subsessile, acute,
glabrous; inflorescence terminal, few-flowered, with solitary, glandular -
pubescent scorpioid branches; flowers small, 2—3 mm long, 5-merous,
subsessile, with very short, glandular-pubescent pedicels; calyx connate
at base, with 5 ovate-lanceolate, acute teeth; corolla absent; stamens 10
slightly longer than calyx; follicles 5, with short, thick beaks, stellately
spreading at maturity, connate to the middle. August.

Moistened and silty soils, near water, in river valleys.— Far East:

Uss. (Suifun River near the city of Voroshilov [Ussuriisk]). Endemic.
Described from S. Manchuria, from the Sungacha River. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Species very closely related to P.chinense Pursh; this may be
a suppressed form of the described species with the same habitats.

134 R.sedoides L., distinguished by lanceolate leaves more than 3cm
broad, grows in moist forest plots in the Atlantic Coast states of North
America (Florida, Louisiana and Texas, from Ontario to Wisconsin).

105

135

Family LXXIV. SAXIFRAGACEAE Dc.

Flowers small or of medium size, cyclic, usually differentiated into
calyx and corolla, sometimes, owing to reduction of petals, with uniseriate
perianth, mostly 5-merous, less often or up to 10-merous, bisexual, less
often unisexual, mostly actinomorphic, occasionally with a tendency toward
zygomorphy. Receptacle convex, flat, or, if concave, then ovaries adnate
to receptacle in lower part to throughout their length. Stamens mostly
obdiplostemonous or haplostemonous, less often numerous. Carpels
usually connate, fewer than petals, less often carpels free and as many
as petals. Styles usually free. Ovary mostly bilocular, sometimes
unilocular, occasionally 5-locular; ovules varying in number, multiseriate,
parietal, the placenta often inflated. Seeds small, numerous, with abundant
endosperm and small erect embryo. — Herbs or woody plants, with usually
alternate, rarely opposite leaves; usually exstipulate.

lL, (Herbaceousiplanmtsipate wh > civqeelh) Soa ey seeitoe shed Pia dees bivot oees eee eee Pa
te MWoodyiplanucyeys |: pestis ten ee a ee ee is
2... (Plowers So amerous, differentiated intorealyx and corolla...) selene on
+ f#Elowersytomenousswithtes lysconilye slater ween 708. Chrysosplenium L.
Ja Petals ipinnatitidwithimeny natsicow ODES) ~ grld <ymtelo vie oe 707. Mitella L.
+i Petals temtbiie tea utpen te pacyenie throne ergy Ba yee CA yee a a 6c eee

4, Perennials, large, with 2—3-fid leaves; flowers small, in a dense,

many floweredwoanielel ejtirs fom csiele pits qatorepelie 704. Astilbe Hamilt.

+ Perennials, less often annuals, with entire, spatulate or palmatifid
leaves; flowers solitary or in variously shaped few- or many-flowered
INPLOMES CLMEGES soy AH Lists, Peden ray Peecaelipeh GAM tF al caepatet we ctihas eh ere ee pee tate

5. Flowers solitary; 5 stamens alternating with 5 glandular-ciliate

StamiAOGeS re: Site Niky Bh ie eee ee ideoh ya eee eee of eye 709. Parnassia L.

+ Flowers usually in an inflorescence, less often solitary, with 10

Stamens:cwithoutstamiinodesn yci vie pais. ces! aetna tee bee eee
6. Leaves large, to 30cm long, covered with sunken multicellular
glands (punctate when magnified): flowers lilacired..)2su...) «eseeeentnene
kel sagt has VACA CAPER i) Cael i) at eae orgie ctype tgend fo © 705. Bergenia Moench.
+ Leaves not more than 10 cmlong,without sunken glands; flowers white,
ouctexey alts) ay ovtel tonic (apo amelotoktsyola wed oto a Gla ote cue ne ode 706. Saxifraga L.
1s, JMS awesi OPPO ShtSa perry’ a dave fers statee! Sryemmebve ton tabs: Gee wayled eieps caupleyy’ Petia ee

tv mplseasre Seale rmate: webs qt sais, rsicsiniely Spe: Mareeba Wout en 1eitataning et ay Moyne ahha es nn :
8. Shoots usually unarmed; flowers in normal racemes; pedicels
sometimes very short; ovary short-stalked, often inconspicuously....

= at gee doh st tetieren chet Seibert ous calpeeedeaed ciel eu erated bus beh aie 713. Ribes L.

+ Shoots covered with prickles; flowers in 1—3 (5)-flowered, fascicular
racemes; pedicels not developing; ovaries with long stalk persistent in

ELEM) oy ahha: ki eiiel Lorre 's tenets} Sl ate ayn geek Gyrery eau fad Mitel 714. Grossularia Mill.
9. Plants with stellate hairs on shoots, leaves, and receptacle ........

A Pemops ten wines ope pA card Chon oO Cheiiee cu CEC Cert. Onn e 711. Deutzia Thumb.
hevmlantsiwithout stellatespube seme t irrcitha citys bie napedice smeweiee 16 le nea 10.
10. Flowers in simple, few-flowered racemes, bisexual, large.........

« LetetieRaustiierens tons aie de pia een varied: Peed ache decrees 710. Philadelphus L.
+ Flowers in pyramidal or corymbiform many -flowered panicles, the

marginal sterile,large,the others bisexual,small. ... 712. Hydrangea L.

106

136

Subfamily 1. SAXIFRAGOIDEAE * A. Bor. in Aschers FI. Prov. Brandenb. I
(1864) 61.— Flowers usually 5-, less often 4-merous, differentiated into
calyx and corolla or with calyx only. Carpels 2, rarely 4, free or connate
in lower part. Ovules with 2 integuments. Herbs with alternate leaves;
leaves exstipulate or with stipular sheath excrescences.

Tribe I. SAXIFRAGEAE Dc. Prodr. IV (1830) 17.— Carpels usually
connate, with free style, less often carpels free.

Genus 704. ASTILBE HAMILTON
Hamilton in Don, Prodr. Flor. Nepal. (1825) 910.— Hoteia Morr.et Dene in Ann. Sc. Nat. Paris Ser. 2,
II (1834) 316, tab. II.

Calyx campanulate, with 5, less often 4 free sepals; petals 4,5, or none;
stamens 8—10, with long filaments and geminate, cordate anthers; ovary
2—3-locular, with many ovules, divided to base into 2 or 3 lobes with 2
subsessile low stigmas; capsule bilobate (rarely trilobate). Large
herbaceous perennials with simple stems and delicate 2—3-fid dentate
leaves; flowers numerous, in terminal racemose inflorescences.

1. A. chinensis (Maxim.) Franch. et Sav., Enum. Pl. Japon. I (1875)
34; Kom., Fl. Manch. II (1904) 407.— A.odontophylla Mlq. Ann. Mus.
Bot. Lugd. Bot. IIT (1867) 96.— Hoteia chinensis Maxim., Prim. Fl.
amur. (1859) 120.— H.thunbergii Regel, Tentam. Fl. Ussur. in Mém. Acad.
Se. VII, sér., IV (1861) 68 (non Sieb. et Zucec.).— Ic.: Gartenfl. XII (1863)
tab. 389; LV (1916) tab.1546; Bot. Mag. tab. 7880.

Perennial; rhizome woody, dark brown; stem to 1m high, simple,
solitary, erect, lignifying in lower part, smooth, glabrous or sparsely
pubescent by dark rufous hairs, leafy; radical leaves 3 or 4, the blade
Shorter than the petiole, glabrous or pubescent, sulcate in upper part;
petioles of cauline leaves short, with articulate, rufous, ovate stipules
at base; all leaves lustrous above, dull below, covered on both sides with
small rufous bristles, mainly along veins and margin, compound, bipinnate,
the leaflets oval or oval-lanceolate, with cuneate or slightly cordate base,
short-acuminate, doubly subulate-dentate on margin, sessile, only the
terminal leaflet petiolate; inflorescence 10—30cm long, terminal, racemose,
with erect lateral branches; peduncles puberulent; pedicels very short,
hairy, with small membranous bracts; calyx with broadly ovate, acute,
entire, white scarious sepals 1—1.5 mm long; petals 5, violet, 3—5 times as
long as calyx, narrowly linear, 1—3-nerved, subfiliform toward base, short-
acuminate; stamens 10, longer than calyx, with violet filaments; ovaries
pale brown, the upper ovary bilocular, sharply divided to base into 2 lobes,
with 2 small subsessile stigmas; capsule light brown, with divergent lobes,
dehiscing by ventral suture, with 15—20 curved, narrowly elliptic, acuminate
seeds 0.5—1 mm long.

Open broadleaf forests, forest edges, among shrubs.— Far East: Ze.-Bu.,
Uss. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch., Mong. Described from the lower reaches of the
Amur. Type in Leningrad.

* Treatment by A.S. Lozina-Lozinskaya.

107

137

Genus 705. BERGENIA MONCH. |
Monch in Method. Plant.(1794) 664.

Flowers 5-merous; calyx fused at base, not adnate to ovary; corolla
polypetalous, campanulate; petals red, pink, or white, unguiculate; stamens
10; ovary 2- or 3-locular, with 2 or 3 styles. Stems leafless; inflorescence
crowded, corymbiform; leaves rosulate, petiolate, large, coriaceous.*

1. Petals cuneate, tapering to long claw; leaves ovate, cuneate or
Subtruncate, at base. Beak eS. DEE eee: 2. B.pacifica Kom.
sti Petals with a short, broad claw; leaves rounded-elliptic or broad-
ovate, rounded or cordate at base ..... 1. B. crassifolia (L.) Fritsch.

1. B.crassifolia (L.) Fritsch. in Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. XXXIX (1889) 575;
Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI, 1430.— B.bifolia Moench, Meth. Pl. (1794) 664. —
Saxifrapa crassifolia, is, Sp. pl. (1753) 40i\;| dbs, Ml, Rogsaleiae
Ic.: Bot. Mag. tab.196.— Vernacular names: salai, kachintsy, koyashan
(Turkic).

Perennial; rhizome thick, creeping; stem thick, leafless, 6—50 cm high,
glabrous; radical leaves in dense rosette, petiolate, lustrous, glabrous,
puncticulate below, wintering, the blade broadly elliptic or rounded, less
often broadly obovate, rounded at base or cordate, obscurely dentate, 3-35 cm
long, 2.5—30 cm broad, the broad petioles not longer than the blade, with
membranous sheathing stipules at base; flowers ebracteate, in a terminal,
dense, paniculate-corymbiform inflorescence, usually in pairs with long
reddish pedicels to 4cm long, elongating in fruit to 10cm; calyx
campanulate, dissected to the middle into oval, apically rounded sepals to
4mm long, glabrous; petals obovate or broadly ovate, with broad, short
claw 10-12 mm long, 6-8 mm broad, with obtuse-rounded apex and many
nerves, lilac-red; stamens 10, twice as long as calyx and shorter than
style; ovary half-inferior; capsule with 2 divergent lobes, dehiscing
along ventral suture; seeds numerous, smooth, glabrous, 1.5—2 mm long.
Fl. May — July, fr. August.

Rocks, stony slopes, rock streams, old moraines, in the forest and alpine
zones. W.Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Yenis., Dau., Lena-Kol.;
Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. Gen.distr.: N. Mong. Described from Siberia.
Type in London.

Economic importance. Rhizome and leaves contain a great quantity
of tannin; the plant is used for tanning.

2. B. pacifica Kom. in Fedde, Repert. sp. nov. IX (1911) 393.— B.crassi-
folia var.pacifica Nekrassova in Fl. Az. Ros. in 11 (1917) 15.— Ie.:
Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I (1931) Plate 181.

Perennial; rhizome horizontal, long, thick, 30—50 cm long, not branching;
leaves glabrous, thick, firm, light green, lustrous, with prominent midrib,
elliptic, slightly cuneately tapering downward, or subtruncate at base,
rounded at the apex, slightly dentate-sinuate, 4-15 cm long, 3-9 cm broad;
petioles shorter than the blade, glabrous, with amplexicaul, membranous,
broad stipules; flowering stem scapiform, glabrous, reddish, ribbed, to

* B.gorbunovii B. Fedtsch.(Trudy Tadzh. bazy AN II, 1936, 141),,a little-known species, is distinguished

from those cited here by its coarsely ciliate-margined leaves; flowers and fruit -unknown. — Centr. Asia:
Pam.-Al. (known only from Yazgulem). Type in Leningrad.

5113 108

138

139

40cm high, sometimes bearing one scalelike leaf; inflorescence branching,
rounded -paniculate, compressed, many-flowered; pedicels 0.5—1 cm long;
calyx campanulate, parted to 14 —'/,, red, glabrous, the sepals orbicular or
acuminate; petals red (violet in herbarium), oblong, tapering into long
claw, rounded at the apex, to 2cm long, 3 times as long as calyx; stamens
and pistils shorter than petals, with 2 erect styles. July.

Rocky taluses and forest slopes.— Far East: Uss. Endemic. Described
from Ternei Bay on the Pacific coast. Type in Leningrad.

Genus 706. SAXIFRAGA* .L.

L.Gen.pl.ed.1 (1737) 131; Sp.pl.ed.1 (1753) 398; Engl.et Irmsch.in Pflnzr.H.67, 117, 1V,1 (1916) 1.

Calyx 5-sect, gamophyllous; petals 5; stamen 10; pistils with 2 free
styles; ovary 2-locular, nearly free or half-sunken; fruit a capsule
dehiscing along inner suture between styles, with persistent styles,
and hence bicorn; seeds small, round, oblong or fusiform. Herbaceous
perennials or annuals, with rosette of radical leaves and scapiform stem
or with leafy perennial or dying-off shoots and annual flowering stem;
leaves variable in shape and size, often spatulate usually pubescent or
ciliate, sometimes glabrous.

1. Leaves opposite; cauline shoots densely leafy, cespitose; flowers

Solita SUpDSeSSULe jolak (Ole VAOLET segs) © faye sce 77. S. oppositifolia L.

mS Tana eT NaN I Uist sail nie) lo Tar usiamey (a) cis = tol, (0) dav at sulstcence! aliayny fa) ve fersay leet “aye er
2. Leaves smooth-margined, dentate, ciliate, glandular or cartilaginous,
but never secreting lime on the margin and without marginal
Ieee ICM aR ak Sepa cn io Monae a, Vaal ani! vi ie View 'uah lati aise) (6. cen omleuey etlotnan + enna
+ Leaves smooth-margined or dentate, ciliate or glandular, always with
lime-secreting pits on the margin, or else lime secreted throughout

Pec mmtal cA ty OW Cer nara Cerre os ce desde Secon s intel euler genie a il Mel ‘ol he erin ell 3 once. otha’ tation coments 63.
DPRELMOMMCES VAC LUNOMMONOMLE mire cei «oy slpei's. eyes eke eyes sage) sores lansiie wells
+ Flowers zygomorphic; petals varying in Shape and size (Section

WER ATMOMKM) see ree eee een e cia cee Ce ee ee weer ees 625
4. Stem leafless or 1- or 2-bracted; leaves in radical rosette.

Sceiion piensa ly ba ache) no ete ohana eo ie eaters Metts rete te: A
THE MIAME EU aatarton tes fa) ec) Sale, Wa CivciL st) fo) auras aicaite suid metas aay ee use et eure ve telane at.
5. Plants loosely cespitose; flowers to 15cm in diameter; petals white,

rouaded, longs clawed; anthers black: ae) acs «us 23. S.merkii Fisch.
+ Plants not cespitose; flowers smaller and not as above ........
BeecaVveslOrbIcular TO meNITO GMI. 6 6. she sss ot oak A SrateRete tone ats 24
+ Leaves oblong, oblong-oval, oval-rhomboid, usually with cuneate base

AGC! TAOS G5) Gg oe Rupeprep ic mee Reuneibia he etpoiisuecrieete) Isr b oltre cuicy Wel Mer) otto, ge ace weuyer 14,
fi etioles with dry, membranous, auriculate Stipules”... 2... «= = «

Ma ea fae co aot se anon Li Loggia ae 1. S.nudicaulis D. Don.

ales me est MO Ne ae ackoniat loa) oso ah Leen andes GY Sie ey 6 6. Ae pee Ue ee te ceakay ta) aes ois

co +

Fe CalSmlObate MNCS CCs fecuts a fideo ca cose saci ie slg ona Ue mvisuteishieueisnet ier sncus
+ Leaves crenate-dentate, but not lobate; petals white, white with red

GOLSMO IeBIZe Clie ns Mami ropisare Ve etteiace ey ar ema eGrual ie ase ve va Wee Or cal eam nolan tee eters: Oke

* From the Latin saxum,rock,and fra ngo,I break.

109

9. Leaf lobes 7—9, obovate; petals white, with 2 confluent yellow

Spoteivinn Ab eiben. sheer We emia 1. S. sieversiana Sternb.
+ Leaf lobes rhomboid-elliptic, tapering downward, truncate above;
petals whites withottispots:s is lees.ne apiana 3. S.korshinskyi Kom.
10. Leaves delicate, slender, and somewhat fleshy, more or less
Lepr SO har athisy «Nev GA lang! RES Ae a Me, eee ah ee Shee a eer doe 2 ae Lt,
eaves compact; comiaceous) smiall ... news hasstiaieen tert sees ose) cat ae ee
11. Inflorescence sparse, spreading; sepals oblong-oval; anthers
IAennionmaal Ov, on tno OO dd Oe Fok OC jae oO DC uEneD chOn b oo ono ols oc 12%
+ Inflorescence compressed, subcapitate; sepals elongate or linear,
ANTIBES IODA ieig wot. te e-iye os ee at oe a 8. S. manshuriensis (Engl.) Kom.
12. Leaf teeth oval-deltoid, gradually tapering into mucro ..........-.
Pare aM Le Rh a ET eon Ca Fyn een ue Pet cp ee 4, S.reniformis Ohwi.
+, Keafteetinoyal, short-acuminat eis Meier: Sipue, Plickis seo 5. S.punctata L.
132, Petalsawhite Gt pines te: acetate ow ewes ome 6. S.nelsoniana D. Don.
ap | JEreneills) SuaRVeleoitls) ty OP Siete OA SG lobo bes BA 7. S. purpurascens Kom.
14, Leaves cuneate, rounded at/the apex, pectinate-dentate .....:.. a) aes
+ Petals oblong, ovate, or rounded-rhomboid, with rounded or cuneate
base Genrare throvushout marci OLecntt te jaa) « aici nae s ls sae Pe eas 1216
15; Leaves wath auriculate stipulles.at; DASEIs sau yous sensi a) “ich een een Ts
+ Leaves without stipules at base or, if stipules present, then without
auricles:and NOUNGEM srs. its Goureeict ouc4 sy eplow ime “SPayiawere cine. chem aet en te
16. Leaves sharply cuneate, densely glandular throughout blade and
140 ETIONC: Mit ists tenehie RATA det- Mec otein eidstie Hoa enema, onte 10. S. redowskiana Sternb.
+ Leaves reniform-cuneate, glabrous or sparsely hairy on the margin
VPI SCF EW ot Th ORT: COE, CRW OCH BEL Petes MCL ON CET ee an 9. S.astilbeoides A. Los.
17. Inflorescence compoundly branching, corymbiform-paniculate .... 16.
+. Inflorescence, simple. racemose sie: sie iol esousl one 13. S.calycina Sternb.
18s Wetalsito.a. sum longo: Sees: went, abe 12. S. grandipetala (Engl.) A. Los.
PIP STALE: TONAL UMMC NS fe, NAis. temas ie: tale ep iotias | aki dee hole oy toe 1. S.dahurica Willd.
192 eaves (s1bses slices iss 5 cansbisyein. satay fo cloine iow snare sbgehiaitns atv ay eae ee 20,
iq) heaves: WithiCONSPICUOUSVPCLIOLCS we swsicstolye toe) oko edic. ol) c Noakes ae 22.
ZOP WALL flowers, nornaallly, developed” ..2 cic: 4. 016) « ps 6) + ss oe 7 a) ee 7
+ Only the terminal flower developed, all others transformed into
COMPpPAaceleAt DUS. ..fs pusysira lar a: tak oe daiSaueyes: oMeuuieaten> late 20. S.foliolosa R. Br.
ZAP SEPALS, OOPUSE! wom, > laters telaiewet els Medogmie teweus 21. S.redowskyi Adams.
dle IDC MALS TAC TIES Clie lai Austad aitiss Oot yoiien ie pe lcaueltetonec one dee Ny venience 22. S.stellaris L.
222) veiantics: to: 50:erayhigh; (Stems vr ODUSE 6 risen ii cieise? ol 2): bien eine san ee 236
A wPiantssto 2nchy highs (stem islender y's acpi» is 2,6 sis sce bl a eastern een 24,
23, Petals white; leaves) ovate: Sercrate-dentate). . . . 2 steele le enema
Peel ARR athe tea, aes aM icheiahre Relea rstniams) (aes aia 18. S. sachalinensis F. Schmidt.
+ | Petals reddish or greenish;. leaves crenate=sinuatey, = o.16 « s5n ens sien
BUA ail ol Raiyah cater SiMe arial cn Laltle) "ay Neraielaa’, sie ai ienye ite ta 19, S. hieraciifolia Waldst.
24, Petioles as long as or shorter than leaf blade; inflorescence
compressed)ipaniculate, few-llowenrnea: neem: «ices, «natin oe, ereniee ee 25.
+ Petiole longer than the blade; inflorescence corymbiform-paniculate,
MANY SHOW ETE Cai tin his lietiatal aielimiel oo calaeR-wauke haar he ove ele 26.
25). /Entire plant .elicshtly meddish? petaleul\ 5 tami One. 2h.) a5. cake
te MER LR slave Wenuene. srotiasedes eae mpsaabame 15. S.tenuis (Wahlenb.) Sm.
+ Entire plant creens tpetats)2.0:—e maim LOMe lis, sie atoms 14. S.nivalis L.
110

141

142

26.

33.

34.

40,

Stem reddish violet; calyx, pedicels, and stamens black violet ......

REE Te! ORG e Meeks Wed is ate tal Karte yar s@ive Reve Ye ko yale volute 17. S.melaleuca Fisch.
Stems light green; sepals, pedicels, pistils and stamens black-

BVA TiaS BE Ga Me ete ee ORRIN ea Ng He Helis Halwa Ha Was he tia he Nas ha ite WANA 16. S.tilingiana Rel.
Plants with underground rhizome, not giving rise to leafy cauline

SHOOUS Orvelse: annual yoLAaTS VV FP rete rene le ke leltelte telte Vote te tel Ue lout ce 6 oe
Plants with developed above-ground leafy shoots, cespitose...... 45.
Leaves entire, ciliate, glandular or hairy. (Section Hiriculus

AE Rete trey) PaIReIULSIC vet Wstrstnctara etna s'vel vhxa MOIS RRR AN ICES 5 RRC LETT” Noe
iLeavestlobate, dentate or dissectedye sc). fs ee eae ee ele le 33.
Plants with long filiform shoots, terminating in rooting rosettes;

leaves icitiatetor Slamdular. 26.1... ve te te felws neve fe te fe xete te lo wie til elie volte Sh,
Planisi without fihifowmiyShoots © esi) oes Me RTI 2 UN Si eh ial fetal NST eee 6 30.
Plants’ without radical leaves; pubescence not rufous .../......4.
SHARP eV AaY fat > atu cr cin eR Ce ES eas 24, S.parnassioides Rgl. et Schmalh.

Plants with a radical rosette; pubescence rufous.... 25. S. hirculus L.
Leaves glandular on the margin; calyx with subtruncate base; sepals

Pliamctitanvon Bie Maansi mee mace.) Una can, MeL 27. S.komarovi A. Los.
Leaves ciliate on the margin. Plants green; calyx with infundibular
HME IAOMLTTONISL WHO GING. Mal Wal He Mee: He” he Voi he: ite He Wo is Ve, Na Heda ine Vo. ke Me es Aollte) Ne Ke. hel “eRe: Han Bonita @ 32.
Calyx dissected to base, with rounded base, rarely glandular; flowers
Sapinosas JONPaS PECICSls Wh eee ey HE 26. S.flagellaris Willd.
Calyx dissected to the middle, densely glandular, with infundibular
base; flowers with very short pedicels, campanulate ............
RNa Pay. Far eh “av en Sah GOLD APETV AGE TA AND AERTS 28. S.setigera Pursch.
aheeivcs orbicular, emarginate, dentate or spatulate. ........5-. 34,
Leaves oblong, dentate only in upper part. (Section Tridactylites
Gree ee clt awl siog s tolod orang Wide ey ome, 44,
Seeds rounded. Annual plants with decumbent, ascending, less often
erect shoots. (Section Cymbalaria Griseb.).........5.4-. 30.
Seeds oblong. Perennial plants; stems always erect .........-. 36,
Leaves with 5—7 broadly oval lobes, with light brown veins below....
SMM aTTS STEN! SPF MER AN TMM CCL ECs ES, 31. S.huetiana Boiss.
Leaves with 5—13 large, triangular-oval teeth, without light brown
RTM tell h dat aC) Slitereed oo Sep ayaa abe aang 32, S.cymbalaria L.
Plants with radical bulbils; leaves thin, glabrous or pubescent; ovary
semi-imbedded. (Section Naphrophyllum Gaud.).......... Sal
Plants without radical bulbils; leaves coriaceous; ovary free.
(SeerioneNlisimoiple tatlumigtiaw?) acct ay MENIAL Bare: OnE
MCRL ANA '.. 80. S.coriifolia (Somm. et Lev.) Grossh.
Inflorescence crowded, subcapitate; flowers minute-pediceled,
surrounded by approximate bractS .....6.48. 41, S. bracteata D. Don.
Inflorescence corymbiform-paniculate or flower solitary in leaf axils
OENAttIpPS Ob ORANGES ie) vt where Sera ret Lo Le Ae ech kOe Rel pe 38.
Inflorescence corymbiform-paniculate, many -flowered; leaves
EDO ALE Dae s Pes shel ena "We. fe he ke ce: Wels te Adah tes hal te! ee, 'ee fo. te oh) Ne. Pe ditelte Weim tan 39.
Miowers solivanyyiews leaves Pla brous ww.) cigs CMe TOKE 40.
Stems numerous; radical rosette dense. Soft-hairy plants; leaves
Mamowiee, 6—A=sect oblong 1lObES 2.2 swe ee ew 35. S.irrigua M. B.
Stems solitary. Rugose-hairy plants; leaves with 5—9 rounded,
STAG LNG MOUTL URE MDE Gia) Sania val idioms aaa! wipe wah Sl wile! ele wove: we. 6 36. S.granulata L.

AMilmmowers, normally developed, cies: wt a dies a wale ce ® 6 le! 6 ls sls o/s 41.

111

143

50.

51.

54,

55.

Only terminal flower developed, the others transformed into leaf

Joytlol chi ohbllll oil) Ue ae Annee Cao he Orne ee Rac Rea nr ha 6 37. S.cernua L.
Radical leaves with 3—5 oblong, acute lobes with cuneate or rounded
eee Amst te tars) EAH: oa: is we var ve-wlevcauveruie gy uh yore tev ds oe ees alee a, 42,
Radical leaves with 5—9 broadly ovate or triangular-ovate acuminate
LOS se co: sa) ais singe tn\ stsishn Wn: via odes ds pis! sw Kobe dieslcos VORARY RAR aRa Aa MRA ce oe em Yee Mot ta aan ee 43.
Retals) Batam vloncinieie ae wend? fees ata eb: 40. S.rivularis L.
Petals load hamanliong ss eowhews tt cise teva asians 42. S.exilis Stephan.
Petals —7 -nenvied, to Wi tam LOMe ye java tec ugive we ve een toes 38. S.sibirica L.
Petales-nerved) tol2 0mm Jone tee as iain ieee 39. S.mollis Schmidt.
Annual plants; pedicels twice as long as petals; petals twice as long

ASUS PAlSt undelete Genes iis Metislenes SU hot a Waleed oli ie 33. S.tridactylites L.
Biennial plants; pedicels 3—4 times as long as flowers; petals 3—4
titmMesials) lonmacisie palette ei liits. cee ey with lated cuits 34, S.adscendens L.
Leaves spiny-ciliate or glandular, mucronate. (Section Trac hy -
phi il wins Gandy ine oe niece latay ohm dita Lcd lend? Aly eae 46.
Leaves unarmed, lobate or dissected or entire, muticous........ Syl
Tufts spherical; flowers solitary, subsessile; leaves rounded at the
apex, concave, long-spiny-ciliate, straw-colored or silvery ........
PES GEN Ly sah Ween al ete Maly deta ha yee May tal ke lige Be 58. S.escholtzii Sternb.
Tufts of indeterminate shape; inflorescence many-flowered ..... 47.
Upper leaves at ends of shoots involute, forming coils ......... 48,
NScFenlayey hy Chatelisy fopst (claofonnis) tavoyn, wWoyiaalbaye! (YoWMIE] Yo po hoo oO 49,
Leaves strongly concave,24mmlong..... 57. S.cherlerioides D. Don.
Leaves flatter; lustrous on the outside ;/6—Smm lone. << se .eeeeeeeewsnn
ee ee oT as OC mCN CEE, ecard sahece Oe cvG Ride 56. S. firma Litw.
Leaves) keeled below se petals S'-% marLOne) ei a 'eiin relic Nok tot atotn vitae allen ti ines ae 50.
Leaves slightly concave below; petals less than5mm long ........
SEL DLTEROLER LUT Die ists Tce aOR cLR Cheb ME In hs 0, eet ec 55. S.spinulosa Adams.
Leaves pectinatexeiliate dates % le detledlettay et Sedyakel ane 54. S.bronchialis L.

Leaves glandular-ciliate on the margin .... 53. S.anadyrensis A. Los.
Leaves entire, oblong-oval or linear, thickish, glabrous, ciliate -
margined, convex below, with a pit above, not densely covering shoots
(Sectio nia miihita cme Gnisebs)hetymumei mein olen 59. S.aizoides L.
Leaves not as above, without pit. (Section Dactyloides Tausch.)

ae ica eee a ew ROR Re eee Me TTC R LOU TOM EE ib hc ane
CAM ESET S Aris calle’ cei tholich Sf wh ep en ei tal af Bye Le ntetya Weoieta! 1s) aes bin ee 53
LeavesidissectediopMlababen syeiel. smldaltiwh dans len fuk Sas: ata 54,
Leaves cartilaginous on the margin, glabrous; flowers more than 1 cm
in.diameter; petals yellow, 5-nerved..... 29. S.serpyllifolia Pursch.
Leaves without cartilaginous margin, glandular; flowers 0.5—0.6 cm
intdiameten;) petals: white)’3 -merviedi sisson 43. S.androsacea L.
Flowers solitapy, ‘Lesevottenyl cor udiv fee syie<) tains alata val eee iene enn -eoD.
Flowers numerous in intlores Gence: (sik jasc tssetnemeei at omenenian oe Me a as
Calyx constricted at base of sepals; flowers 1cm in diameter......
pbs Kekle se aoqdiist Ls, fot taiiel or PMEs Game stlas ve hieenarenaaiat maine hails ule 44, S.sileniflora Sternb.
Calyx not constricted; flowers 0.4—0.7mm in diameter ........ 06.
Petals 4.5—5 mm long, twice as long as sepals...... of ails! ePebiake kee
SUPRA a cc Bs apa cinco ca Pav hte Wis ahiive’ gat int Gala: dos MRA Ra ULAR Mea Ona re 47. S.terektensis Bge.
112

144

145

Dil

Petals 5—7mm long; 3 times as long as calyx..... 46. S. caespitosa L.

Petals 3 times as long as sepals, white ........ 45. S.lactea Turcz.
Petals not more than twice as long as sepalS .... eee see eneiae 58,
Petals twice as long as sepals, yellow or white; leaves with 3

prominent veins petiolate. ... 1.6.2... Rive O AD wash a MPU eat a « 59.
Petals white, yellow-green, sometimes reddish, slightly longer than
sepals; leaves without prominent veins .... +e servers ea OO),
Densely cespitose plants; leaves densely overlapping, to 12 mm long

Pee x ith i dain Kun od dans co RAEN LT Ths DORI sees Oka Go. adenophoratk. Koch.
Loosely cespitose plants; leaves not densely overlapping, to 20 mm

LS) sepauca sty wire) Ay Mute Wek geile Sotha Vary aiyaw, ie ti bl PB Wat dK a) ei Oni 50, S.exarata Vill.
Petals white, orbicular or rounded-oval; leaves verticillate .......
Peeters cl oltateay fay cheat, cacy. WS 8a, WoC ae RL ee 52. S.verticillata A. Los.
Petals greenish or reddish; leaves approximate .....1.+5s5055 ajith
Cauline shoots columnar, densely imbricate-leaved .....6s+s004s ;
‘Re Tae en ee CC eth; eo am eC he 49. S.pontica Albow.
Cauline shoots not columnar, loosely leaved ..... 48. S.moschata Wulf.
Leaves rounded-reniform «. «sss 78. S.cortusifolia Sieb. et Zucc.
PEA VERHODLONE OF OVAL ies oe fe oye (onus ye uw genie ve 79, S. oblongifolia Nakai,
Leaves with several lime-secreting pits on the margin (Section
PRM Oo ye eMC Le) et erasc ic emit gs a Tad iy, ean WIG WRK Misael Regus sti meee ae wi iss DVN 65.
Leaves secreting lime throughout margin; pits absent. (Section
femavazco wie; (Schott) Ming, jie «twee aren. cap dormant We oc aha teae 64,
Leaves gradually tapering toward apex; petals purple ........+.4..
hae shied nalh vhingise olenadew | otatlels. vlerewas 61. 5. kolenatiana Rel.
Leaves abruptly narrowed at apex; petals white or pinkish ........
OG et iach a Pav DOS us ips) Shi Hie aia gh LORE CL Ve 60. S.cartilaginea Willd.
ALERTS SOULE EVIOY on smh oR tl cic le. Rhu sad) QA ad wet Ae IMs Sy Rinne sale AB WSR aR nef 66.
Flowers ina panicle or COrymb. «aon oe ee i eo se we 8 we 68,
Flowers purple; leaves obtuse, small, densely covering slender,
MEME SHOOTS, esa ghee Seach eM. sRelifadle ty a0 75. S.columnaris Schmalh.
Flowers white or yellow; leaves acuminate, less densely covering

TEMA RAB EMIV UG tats Su lupte ts) sh lel d alteiaeere (ath ac b ul GMWMS Ae be oiled sak le WEL MIME atte ue hs Bile
Leaves with 5 pits, approximate, with reflexed tipS......+esss5s56-
me rere, 5 ls or sibel A tris be ln 2 ee obehys, Oho nuda 76. S.dinnikii Schmalh.
Leaves with one apical pit at verticillate, erect or reflexed........

PE MMPANY reine s Wie Fa (07d Bide, Lo ARIEL Clothe Sar VEG ACW ol Seb tetal dalton BitMRE 72. S.carinata Oetting.
Leaves obtuse or with apical thickening... 2c ewe este eens ae 69.
Pay SERA CUMUINATC iii) cktuivacty atte hivad Bae wid BO Leer Rie (dor
Leaves with 3-5 pits; petals white .... 74, S.albertii Rgl. et Schmalh.
Leaves with 7—9 pits; petals yellow ..1....0.6-. 73. S. kotschyi Boiss.
Plowering Stems glabrous? «26! a. sya alfa wile hs llheyiel ajar Gh lel wiley wileeal ol bo bdhte iene
PHYOWEerINGwStCIMS PUDESSCCMtivv is Wisite Wis eley wield Wile Wola lade ol WN aa el ole 74,
Cauline shoots with imbricate leaves wii. aisle eee Ve ews tees 72,
Cauline-shoots with verticillate leaves sais si sials wile a eielee wile wide « htt
Leaves with one, often inconspicuous pit, rarely with 3—5 pits; petals
slightly longer than sepals, 1—3-nerved «6s wie ee ws ANCE AWE a

Fe eet ieyy yait i de gg AUT Lies Se ALED als ttt dn, 0h ebadlad in, ob 69. S.caucasica Somm., et Lev
Leaves with 5—7 pits; petals white, more than twice as long as sepals,
DTP VC fue, cl tinct abide dtr as; Salielin siete of Ra hie da Me. sad ol 71. S. kuznezowiana Oett.

113

146

73. Verticillate leaves erect, appressed to shoot.... 64. S.colchica Albow.

+ WVerthicillare leaves declinarelor divierpenty jausie stile Biie atte GeNtoee toe Henmre
ane Yok (awash dk jernal pat vague, Gubhy aed UE LAs RAY has it Bane 63. S. subverticillata Boiss
74. Leaves flat or slightly keeled, grooveless on upper side ........ (5
+ Leaves keeled or convex below, with groove on upper Side....... Ue
75. Petals 1-nerved; leaves reflexed .... 67. S.scleropoda Somm. et Lev.
+ Petals 3—5-nerved; leaves horizontally spreading or erect. .-.\2.% (oe
76. Leaves lustrous, erect, conspicuously veined, to 20 mm long and 4mm
broad; petals. =nerved, conspicuously. clawed) or .+.2\ a: <0) ha) 0) attains nen

ish Le aM MR Meee ey So Ae a RN AO, ASR FACE 6 CG we 66. S. pseudolaevis Oett.
+ Leaves dull, concave, about half as long as in preceding species;

petalsis-nervedywithout, claw. Sethe Bh. che eo eae 65. S. laevis M. B.
77. Leaves keeled below, tapering at the apex, spiny, long-lanceolate or

Oblong Alina wr & on Awe RRM eA eh near ae 62, S.juniperifolia Adams.
+ Leaves concave below, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-oval........ 1G.

78. Flowering stems covered with rather long, white hairs........ aid
LORE chs, cick bon as oer inst SUA SRL M een: IA RRR ane aaa ds 70. S.desulavyi Oett.

+ | Kloweringe stemsicoy ered with small rufous hairs 29.) 5a). as teen eens
SEM a rite, GV aloiahy so rary teppei on Me kara anita! Whe aiaatmcivess hemes 68. S. abchasica Oett.

Section 1. BORAPHYLLA Engl., Ind. cult.in Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien
(1869) 521.— Micranthes Haw., Syn. pl. succ. (1812) 320; Enum. Sax.
(1821) 45 (pro gen.). — Calyx with flat base; ovary superior, not sunken; ,
filaments usually fusiformly dilated; capsule slightly dissected, with short
style; seeds oblong. Flowering stem leafless; leaves in radical rosette,
usually dentate, incised or lobate.

Cycle lL. Nudicaules AsLos/= Grex/Punctat ae Enel veri¢nsisehrs
l.c.,6,p.p. — Small, slender plants; stems glabrous.

1. S.nudicaulis D. Don, Transact. Linn. Soc. XIII (1821) 366; Engl. et
Irmsch., l.c.,15.—S.neglecta Bray in Sternb., Suppl. I (1822) 9.—
S.vaginalis Turcz. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1844) 820.— Ic.: Sternb.,1l.c.,
tab. 6.

Perennial, subglabrous, small; rhizome oblique; stems numerous, erect,
slender, minutely sulcate, 5—18 cm high, with small trilobate bracts at base of
inflorescence; radical leaves reniform, dentate (lobate), the teeth oval,
acute, to 2mm long, the blade to 2cm broad, 1.5 cm long, the petiole longer
than blade, with membranous, broad, auriculate stipules; inflorescence
broadly paniculate-corymbiform; pedicels filiform, slightly longer
than flowers; calyx with triangular and ovate sepals, 1.5 mm long, dissected
to base; petals with conspicuous claw, 2—3 times as long as calyx, yellowish;
stamens with dark anthers, exceeding corolla; pistils with short style.

July. (Plate VII, Figure 9).

Moist riverbanks, mountains. — Arctic: Arc. Sib., Chuk., An.; E. Siberia:
Lena-Kol.; Far) East: Ze.-Bu., Okh.;. Gen. distr.: Ber. Described from
N.America. Type in Banks' herbarium in America.

Note. F.stolonifera Kjelmann (ex Engl. et Irmsch., l.c., 16), with
decumbent leafy stems and scattered leaves, occurs in Sakhalin.

114

147

2. S.sieversiana Sternb., Suppl. II (1831) 16; Engl., Mon. Sax. (1872)
140; Engl. et Irmsch.,1.c.17.— S.sibirica Sternb., Rev. (1810) 23,
non L.— S.reticulata Cham. in Linnaea VI (1831) 555.—S.bimaculata
Turez.in Bull. (Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1840) 71; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 220. —
Micranthes sieversiana tSternb.) Kom., Fl. Kamtsch. II (1929)
212.— Ic.: Sternb., Suppl. II (1831) ab. 25, f.2.

Perennial; stem slender, delicate, slightly branching, 10—15 cm high,
with one leaf at base of fork, glabrous in upper part, glandular below;
leaves rounded-reniform,1.5 cm broad, 1 cm long, hairy on both sides,
with 7 or 8 obovate, obtuse lobes; petioles densely pubescent, twice as
long as blade; flowers 1 or 2 at ends of stems and branches; bracts
oblong, acute, 3—5 cm long; pedicels slender, 0.5—3cm long; calyx with
divergent, oblong or oblong-triangular sepals, 1.5mm long; petals white,
with 2 confluent yellow spots, broadly oval, tapering upward, obtuse, short -
clawed, 4mm long; stamens shorter than petals; pistils with oval ovary
and short divergent styles.

Far East: Okh. (Stanovoi Range). Endemic. Described from the vicinity
of Okhotsk.

Note. There are no ecological or biological data in the literature
or on labels of the very limited herbarium material.

3. S.korschinskyi Kom. in A.H. P. XVIII (1900) 436; Fl. Mansh. II
(1903) 416; Engl. et Irmsch., 1.c.17.— S. sp. Korshinsky in A. H. P. XXII
(1892) 341, No. 240. — Ic.: Kom., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I (1930)
fab. W82,f,5—6,

Perennial; stem to 18cm high, slender, delicate, glabrous; petioles
slender, 1—4cm long, leaf blade, 3—5-fid, the middle 3-lobed, the lateral
bi-lobulate, all lobules oval-elliptic, obtuse, tapering downward, 6—7mm
long, 2—4 mm broad; leaves covered above with small epidermal papillae,
smooth below, often reddish; flowers (2—6) in loose inflorescence;
pedicels filiform, 1—1.5cm long, with small, linear, acute bracts; sepals
oblong, 1mm long; petals white; capsule dehiscing at the very apex.
June—July. (Plate VIII, Figure 10.).

Growing in tufts on moist rocks, slopes, among mosses, forming with
mosses a thin, easily removable cover.— Far East: Ze.-Bu. (basin of the
Tyrma and Bureya rivers). Endemic. Described from the village of
Kulakovka onthe Bureya River. Type in Leningrad.

Cycle 2. Punctatae (Engl. et Irmsch.) A. Los.— Grex Punctatae
Engl. et Irmsch.,1.c.,6,p.p.— Rather large plants; leaves coarsely
dentate, reniform; stems pubescent; styles rather long.

4. S.reniformis Ohwi in Acta Phytotaxonom. et geobot. II (1933), No. 125.
S.aestivalis Fr.Schm., Reise Am. u. Sach. (1868) 133.—S. punctata
Hult., Fl. Kamtsh. III (1929) 25,p.p.—S.punctata f. corymbosa Engl.
et Irmisch:;l.ic., 11.

Perennial; rhizome creeping, thick; stem erect, 10—30 cm high, glabrous
below and whitish-pubescent — like the pedicels — above; petioles 5—10 cm
long, sulcate above, leaf blade fleshy, reniform, with cordate base and large

115

148

oval-deltoid teeth; inflorescence branches and pedicels rather thick;
flowers 0.6—0.7cm in diameter; calyx with divergent, oblong, glabrous,
obtuse sepals 1.5mm long; petals oblong-oval, white, refiexed, 3mm long,
obtuse, with small claws, 1-nerved; filaments dilated at base; anthers
reniform; styles short, thick. July. (Plate VIII, Figure 7).

Along mountain streams.— Far East: Sakh. Gen.distr.: Japan.
Described from Mt. Tosso in Sakhalin. Type in Tokyo.

Note. Distinguished from S.punctata L.by its short inflorescence
branches and its narrower and gradually tapering leaf teeth.

5. S.punctata L., Sp. pl. ed. I (1753) 401; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 215; Engl.
et Irmsch.,1l.c., 9; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI (1931) 1424; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II
(1929) 209.— S.aestivalis Small, N. Amer. Fl. XXII, 2 (1905) 147.

Perennial; rhizome creeping; stem leafless, erect, 10—50 cm high,
pubescent in upper part, glandular-hairy in inflorescence; petioles
long, pubescent, 2—4 times as long as blade; leaf blade puberulent on
both sides or glabrous, rounded-reniform, broadly cordate at base, 1.5—8 cm
long, 2—9 cm broad, dentate, with short-acuminate teeth; inflorescence a
many -flowered, spreading or congested panicle; flowers small; calyx
glabrous, dissected to Zia with ovate, acuminate teeth, reflexed after
anthesis; petals white with orange dots or slightly pinkish, obovate or
oblong, short-clawed, 3—3.5 mm long, twice as long as calyx; filaments
fusiformly dilated; anthers orange, reniform; capsule oblong, June — July.
(Plate VIII, Figure 6).

Arctic and polar regions, moss and moss-and-lichen marshy tundra, near
Snow, stream and river banks, less often alpine and subalpine meadows. —
Aretie: Arc. Sib., Chuk., An.; European part: Dv.-Pech., V.-Kama
(N. Urals); W. Siberia: U. Tob., Ob, Alt.; E. Siberia: Yenis., Ang.-Say.,
Lena-Kol.; Far East.: Kamceh., Sakh., Ze.-Bu., Uss.; Central Asia:
Dzu.-Tarb. Gen.distr.: Mong.,N.Am. Described from Siberia. Type in
London.

Note. Inflorescence varies greatly from broadly paniculate to narrowly
ovoid; Arctic and bald-mountain forms are characterized by their
larger corolla, thicker pedicels, and more compressed inflorescence.
Consistency and pubescence of leaves also vary. Transitional forms
between S.punctata L. and S.nelsoniana D.Don may be observed.

6. S.nelsoniana D.Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII (1821) 355; Kom., Fl.

‘Kamch. II (1929) 209.— S.punctata var.krauseana Engl. ex Kurtz in

Engl., Bot. Jahrb. XIX (1895) 4629.—S. punctata var.nelsoniana
(D. Don) Engl., Mon. Gatt. Sax. (1872) 139.— Micranthes nelsoniana
Small, N. Amer. Fl. XXII, 2 (1905) 140.— S.punctata B. Fedtsch., Il. Com.
(1905) 62.— S.punctata var.typica f.coarctata Engl. et Irmsch.,
Is@an abiks

Perennial; rhizome slender, with underground shoots; stem leafless,
erect, 10—30 cm high, sparsely hairy, giandular; leaves in rosette 5 or 6,
firm, Slightly fleshy, bright green, paler below, glabrous or puberulent,
rounded-reniform, with deeply cordate base, with acuminate, large, oval,
glandiferous teeth, 1—3 cm long, 1—4cm broad; petioles slightly longer than
blade, reddish; inflorescence ovoid, compressed; pedicels slender, densely
glandular, with small linear bracts at base, the lowest bracts often dentate;

116

149

flowers 0.6—1 cm in diameter; sepals oblong, purple; petals oblong or
oval, white or pinkish, twice as long as sepals, tapering to short claw;
styles divergent. July.

Rocks, pebbles, alpine meadows, mountain stream banks. — Arctic:
Arc. Sib., Chuk., An.; Far East: Kamch. Gen.distr.: Ber., N. Am.,
Described from the vicinity of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii.

Note. Distinguished from S.punctata L. by its size, compressed
inflorescence, fleshy, mucronate -toothed leaves.

7. S. purpurascens Kom. in Fedde, Rep. sp. nov. XIII (1914) 167;

Fl. Kamch. II (1929) 211.— S.punctata var.typica f.purpurascens
Enel ehimmsch ihicel0i— Mienanthes purpurnas eens), Kom; il.
Kamch. II (1929) 211.

Perennial; rhizome thickened, branching, oblique, 5—10 cm long; stem
6—32 cm high, scattered-pubescent; radical leaves long-petioled, cordate -
rounded or cordate-reniform, less often hairy, 3-6 cm in diameter,
with equal, large, rounded-acuminate teeth, pubescent at the margin, green
or reddish; petioles longer than blade, reddish, pubescent with white hairs,
like the stem; panicle not dense, broadly oval in outline, individual
peduncles to 2 cm long, glabrous or minutely glandular; bracts at base
of peduncles dentate, linear; pedicels 4—12 mm long, filiform; sepals
1.5—2 mm long, reflexed, black-purple; petals narrowly oblong-oboval,
black-purple, twice as long as sepals; capsule ovoid, with divergent styles.
August. (Plate VIII, Figure 8).

Alpine zone: alpine meadows, rock crevices in rock streams.— Far East:
Kamch. Endemic. Described from the Mt. Trub in Kamchatka. Type in
Leningrad.

8. S.manshuriensis (Engl.) Kom. Fl. Mansh. II (1903) 415.— S.punctata
var.manshuriensis Engl. Mon. Gatt. Sax. (1872) 139; Engl. et Irmsch.,
Ce, ae

Perennial; stems 15—30 cmhigh,strong,densely glandular -hairy, sometimes
with 1 cauline leaf; leaves long-petioled, sparsely pubescent, sometimes as
long as stem; the blade 4—7 cm long, 6—8 cm broad, reniform, fleshy, glabrous
or sparsely hairy, with large, broad, mucronate teeth; inflorescence a
many -flowered, compressed, ovoid or spherical panicle, with lanceolate, often
3-fid bracts at base of peduncles and linear bracts at base of slender, to
1.5 cm long, glandular pedicels; sepals linear, subobtuse, 2—2.5 mm long,
0.5mm broad, pubescent; petals narrowly oblong, white, obtuse, 5—5.5 mm
long; filaments as long as petals; anthers narrowly claviform, attaining
6mm after anthesis; pistils with oblong ovary and with style, as long as
stamens. August. (Plate VIII, Figure 5).

Riverbanks, moist soils, among bushes, in dense grass, less often on
stony slopes near streams.— Far East: Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described
from Manchuria. Type in London; cotype in Berlin.

Cycle 3. Dahuricae Engl. et Irmsch., 1l.c.,19.— Leaves cuneate,
orbicular or rounded-rhomboid above, with large teeth; petals clawed.

117

9, S. astilbeoides A. Los. sp. nova in Addenda VIII, p.372.— S.dahurica
Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. Kraya I (1931) 608, non Willd. —

Perennial; stem erect, ribbed, sometimes compressed, branching,
minutely glandular, to 25cm high; leaves light green, red below, reniform-
cuneate, with large, oval mucronate teeth in upper half, glabrous or with
sparse hairs at the margin, to 2.5cm long, 3cm broad; petioles sulcate,
canaliculate above, minutely glandular, to 8cm long, with auriculate acute
stipules at base; inflorescence paniculate, spreading, widely branching, the
lower branches arising from middle of stem, somewhat arched-upcurved,
bearing at the base 1 bract, replaced in low-growing specimens by narrowly
lanceolate bracts; inflorescence branches profusely branching, terminating
in straight branchlets,each bearing 4—6 flowers on slender, glandular,
slightly curved pedicels as long as branchlets (5 mm), with small bracteoles;
flowers 0.5—0.6 cm in diameter; calyx glabrous, reddish, dissected to the
middle, with triangular sepals; petals white, oval, to 2.5 cm long, tapering
to claw; stamen as long as petals, with slender filaments and black-violet
anthers; ovary broadly oval, with curved styles. July— August. (Plate VIII,
Figure 4).

Stony taluses, pebbly slopes.— Far East: Uss. Endemic. Described
from the Botcha River. Type in Leningrad.

150

10. S. redowskiana Sternb., Rev. Sax. Suppl. II (1831) 44.— S.dahurica
Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 212, p.p., non Willd.— S.dahurica f.willdenowii
Enel. eb temseh., l.ic..21p.p.— S.dahurice ase Matto may Seema
Suppl. I (1820) tab. 5.— Ic.: Engl. et Irmsch., l.c. (sub S.dahurica)

f. 4M —

Perennial; rhizome very slender; stems usually solitary, to 20 cm
high, sulcate, densely and minutely glandular; leaves firm, thickish,
light green, rounded-rhomboid, abruptly narrowing to long slender petiole,
incised in upper half into oval-triangular mucronulate teeth; the blade
to 2.5cm long and broad, covered throughout — like the petioles — with
dense green glands borne on basally broadened stalks; petioles to 6 em
long, broadening downward and bearing acuminate scarious, auriculate
Stipules; inflorescence dense, branching, corymbiform, their oblique
ascending, densely glandular peduncles with large oblong-lanceolate
bracts; flowers to 7 mm in diameter; sepals narrowly triangular, acute,
often purple, glandular and glabrous; petals to 2.5mm long, about twice
as long as sepals, white, yellowish or pinkish, oblong-oval, with long claw;
stamens shorter than petals; filaments slender, slightly dilated toward
base, anthers violet; capsule ovoid-triangular, dehiscing to the middle;
stigmas subsessile. July— August. (Plate VIII, Figure 3).

Stony taluses, among stones, on rocks, and balds. Arctic: Arc. Sib., An.;
E. Siberia: Lena-Kol.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uda, Okh. Endemic. Described
from the Yablonovyi Range.

Note. Mention should be made of a many-stemmed form, observed
on seashores (Taui Bay, mouths of the Ayan and Anadyr rivers), lower-
growing, often with reddish leaves, branching cauline shoots, numerous
leaf rosettes, and several stems.

Uh

118

152

11. S.dahurica Willd., Sp. pl. II, 1 (1799) 645; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 212 p.p.,
Engl. et Irmsch., l.c.,21 p.p.

Perennial; rhizome vertical, short; stem erect, leafless, glabrous or
sparsely glandular, ribbed, 5-10 cm high; all leaves radical, light green,
oval or rounded, incised in upper part into large, narrowly triangular, acute
teeth (5—8), tapering to long, slender petioles, broadening downward, with
a thin, membranous border below; leaf blade glabrous, sparsely glandular
on the margin, 1.5—2 cm long and broad; inflorescence corymbiform-
paniculate, branching, the branches and pedicels minutely glandular;
bracts small, lanceolate or linear; calyx dark purple, glabrous, with
rounded base and triangular, acute sepals; petals white or pink, oblong-
lanceolate, with long claw, to 20 mm long,0.5mm broad; filaments white,
slightly dilated toward base; anthers purple, spheroid, the stamens about
as long as petals; ovary rounded-oval; stigmas subsessile. June August.
(Plate VIII, Figure 1).

Balds, rock streams.— E. Siberia: Dau., Ang.-Say., Lena-Kol. (S. part
of the Dzhugdzhur Range). Endemic. Described from Dauria. Type in
Berlin.

12. S. grandipetala (Engl. et Irmsch.) A. Los. comb. nova.— S.dahurica
ierandtpetala acl, et Irmsch.,l.c., 22.

Perennial, representing the Arctic race of S.dahurica Willd.,
distinguished by the larger petals to 3.5mm long and 2 mm broad,
sometimes also by broad membranous rounded stipules without auricles
(Krause's specimens from Litke Bay, cited by Engler). Species requiring
verification, with very little data available. July — August.

Riverbanks pebbles. — Arctic: Chuk., An. Endemic. Described from the
Chukchi Peninsula, from Litke Bay. Type in Berlin, cotype in Leningrad.

13. S.calycina Sternb., Rev. Sax. Suppl. II (1831) 10.— S.dahurica
iemionetna Mel? etaamechal.c.,22.— S.dahurica Ldb., Bl. Ross. i)
1,212, non Willd.; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II (1931) 264.— S.unalaschkensis
Hulten, Fl. Kamtsh. III (1929) 30.— Ic.: Sternb., l.c., tab. XXI.

Perennial; rhizome elongated, oblique; stem erect, sulcate, sparsely
glandular, 5-10 cm long; leaves light green, oval-rhombic-cuneate,
tapering to broad petiole, deeply incised in upper half into acute, erect
teeth; the blade together with petiole to 5 cm long, 2 cm broad, glabrous,
covered on the margin — especially in lower part — with long, soft, white
hairs; stipules absent; inflorescence racemose, not branching, ovoid;
pedicels to 15mm long, densely glandular and hairy, with linear-lanceolate
bracts appressed and slightly shorter than pedicels; flowers to 1 cm in
diameter; sepals oval-oblong, acuminate, 2.5mm long, often purple, reflexed
at anthesis; petals yellowish white, oblong-oval, clawed, 1-nerved, 3mm long;
stamens half as long as petals, with bright yellow fusiform filaments and
minute brown anthers; ovary oblong, with short styles; capsule oblong,
dehiscing nearly to the middle. June— August. (Plate VIII, Figure 2).

Arctic and alpine zones, gravels, dry lichen carpets, taluses. — Arctic:
Arc. Sib., Chuk., An.; Far East: Kamch. Endemic. Described from the
shores of Lavrentiya Bay (after Chamisso's specimen). Type in Berlin.

119

PLATE VII. 1 — Saxifraga dahurica Willd. ; 2—S.calycina Sternb.; 3—S.redowskiana Sternb.;
a) petiole base; 4 — S.astilbeoides A.Los,, a) petiole base; 5 — S.manshuriensis (Engl.) Kom., leaf;
6—S.punctata L., leaf; 7—S.reniformis Ohwi, leaf; 8—S.purpurascens Kom., leaf; 9 —
S-nudicaulis D.Don., a) petiole base; 10 — S.korshinskyi Kom., a) leaf; 11—S.foliolosa R.Br.

120

Note. There are forms with branching inflorescences of a type
transitional between S.calycina Sternb.and S.dahurica Willd.

Cycle4. Nivales A Los)— Gres Nivalijyvirginmiensis)Engl.et
Irmsch., 1. ¢.,22 p.p.— Inflorescence capitate, few-flowered; petiole as
long as the blade.

14. S.nivalis L., Sp. pl. ed. I (1753) 401; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 213; Engl. et
Irmsch., l.c¢., 29; Kom., Fl. Kameh. I] (1929) 212; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI,
1423.— S.pauciflora Sternb., Suppl.I (1822) 6,tab.4.— Micranthes
nivalis Small, N. Amer. Fl. XXII, 2 (1905) 136.- Dermasea nivalis
Haw., Enum. Sax. (1 821) 9.

Perennial; stem solitary, leafless, 5—15 cm, less often to 20 cm high,
covered like the pedicels with remote glandular hairs, especially in
upper part, rosette leaves obovate or ovate, 0.6—3 cm long, 0.3—2 cm broad,
cuneately tapering to broad petiole as long as the blade; blade glabrous,
firm, obtusely dentate-margined in upper part, hairy-margined in lower
part; flowers few, in a compressed capitate, less often loose corymbiform-
paniculate inflorescence; bracts oblong or linear; pedicels short, glandular;

155 Calyx incised tothe middle, with bluntly acuminate, erect sepals; petals
white, elliptic, subobtuse, tapering to short claw, the petal together with
the claw to 3mm long and 1.5mm broad, slightly longer than calyx; capsule
ovoid, deeply dehiscing, 7mm long,5mm broad. July —August.

Alpine and arctic regions, tundra, rock crevices, stony and shady river-
banks) Arctic: Arc.bur., Nov..Z., Are. Sib.) Chuki, Ans European part:
Kari fap.,.v. Pech. /Vi-Kama (N. part); W. Siberia: Ob (N. part), Alt.
(rarely); E. Siberia: Yenis. (N. part), Lena-Kol., Dau.; Far East: Kamch.
Gen. distr.: Arc. Scand., Atl. Eur. Described from Spitsbergen and
Lapland. Type in London.

15. S.tenuis (Wahlb.) H. Sm. in Lindman, Svensk Fanerog. (1918) 30. —
S.nivalis var.tenuis Wahlb.in Fl. Lap. (1812) 114; Engl.et Irmsch.,
l.e.,32.— S.nivalis var.tenuior Wahlb., Fl. suec.I (1824) 26.—
S.stricta Hornem Oecon. Pl. ed. 3 (1821) 470.

Perennial; stem slender, reddish, minutely glandular in upper part,
2.5—5cm high; leaves in a compact radical rosette, obovate, cuneately
tapering to petiole, crenulate, green above, reddish below, firm and rigid,
glabrous, 0.5—0.8 cm long, 0.3—0.4 cm broad; flowers in a capitate
inflorescence, with very short light green pedicels or sessile, with reddish
lanceolate bracts; calyx reddish, deeply dissected, tapering downward, with
oblong, acuminate sepals 1—1.5mm long; petals white or pinkish, oval,
with short claw, 1.5mm long; stamens shorter than petals, with small
anthers; pistils with long divergent styles. June—July.

Tundra; pebbles.— Arctic: Arc. Eur. (Bol'shezemel'skaya Tundra), Nov. Z.,
Arc. Sib. (Taimyr, Yenisei mouth). Gen.distr.: Scand. Described from
Scandinavia.

Note. Distinguished from the closely related species S.nivalis L.
by its size, leaf shape, and reddish color of the entire plant.

121

156

Cycle5. Melanocentrae Engl. et Irmsch., 1.c.,46.— Inflorescence
many -flowered, corymbiform-paniculate; petiole longer than the blade.

16. S.tilingiana Rgl. et Til. in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XI (1859)
94} Shneltew lemschy, ale... 0 7.

Perennial; stem solitary, 10—22 cm high, glabrous, erect, leafless;
radical leaves few (3—6), inconspicuously nerved, glabrous, the blade broadly
ovate or rhomboid-ovate, 1.5—2 cm long, 1.2—1.6 cm broad, uneven-margined
in upper part, cuneately tapering to narrow reddish petiole of the same
length; inflorescence paniculate, ovoid-rhomboid, with oblong bracts at
base; peduncles sparsely glandular, with small narrow bracts at their base;
pedicels filiform, 2—4 times as long as flowers; sepals ovate or oblong,
obtuse, divergent at anthesis;. petals white, oblong or elliptic, 3-nerved,
2.8—4 mm long, about twice as long as corolla, with short claw; stamens
as long as petals; style to 2mm long, divergent; capsule ovoid. July.

Riverbanks. — Far East: Okh. (Ayan), Sakh. Endemic. Described from
the Ayan River. Type in Leningrad.

17, S.melaleuca Fisch., Cat. Hort. Gorenk. ed. I (1808) 99; Ldb., Fl. Ross.
Lj tp2i2esinel: evirmseh. tle 545 Keyl blo Zap.sibs Wied 422n.
S.elongata Sternb., Rev. Sax. (1810) 9.—- Micranthes melaleuca
A. Los., Bull. Jard. Bot. Pr. (1928) 601.— Ic.: Engl. et Irmsch., l.c., f. 9.

Perennial, glabrous; stem erect, leafless, dark violet, 3—23 cm high;
leaves petiolate, rather firm and fleshy, the blade oval-rhomboid or
rounded-rhomboid, 1.2—2.3 cm long, 0.8—-1.8 cm broad, with rounded base,
crenate in upper part, about as long as petiole; inflorescence corymbiform-
paniculate, with small oblong bracts in the forks; calyx, pedicels, pistils,
and stamens black-violet; calyx dissected to the middle, with triangular -
ovate sepals; petals white or violet toward base, horizontally spreading,
elliptic, 3-nerved, 4—4.5 mm long, 2—2.5 mm broad, 1.5—2 times as long
as calyx; pistils with half-inferior flat ovary and short style; capsule
ovoid. June— July.

Alpine zone, rocks, stony slopes, riverbanks, tundra, near glaciers. —
W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. Gen.distr.: N. Mong. Described
from Sinyaya Sopka in Altai. Type in Leningrad.

@yvelienGe Elatae A. Los.— Grex Nivalia Vir ginven Slush wgelver
Irmsch., l.c., 22, p.p.— Plants with robust, strong, pubescent, many -flowered
inflorescences and large, oblong, sinuate-dentate leaves.

18. S.sachalinensis F. Schmidt, in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. Ser. XII, 7
(1868) 133; Engl. et Irmsch., l.c., 44.

Perennial; rhizome with dense fibrous roots; stem erect, 15—35 cm high,
solitary, pubescent in lower part with glandular hairs, branching in the
inflorescence above the middle; leaves slightly fleshy, oblong-oval or oval,
often cuneately tapering to 2 mm-broad petiole, serrate-dentate, 2—3.5 cm
long, 1—2 cm broad, covered on both sides with rather dense minute, soft
hairs, red-violet below, green above; panicle 5—15 cm long, oblong-ovoid
or broadly ovoid, with scattered peduncles 1—2 cm long and tiliform pedicels

122

6mmlong; bracts small, oval or linear; calyx with oblong declinate sepals
3mm long, 3-nerved; petals white, oval, obtuse, slightly longer than calyx;
stamens as long as petals, with clavate filaments, capsule 5mm long.
July.

Stony soils, rock crevices, seashores.— Far Fast: Sakh. Endemic.
Described from Sakhalin. Type in Leningrad.

157

19. S.hieracifolia Waldst. et Kit., Pl. rar. Hung. 1 (1802) 17; Ldb.,

Fl. Ross. Il, 214; Engl. et Irmsch.,1l.c.,24; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II (1929) 213;
Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI, 1421.— Micranthes hieracifolia Haw., Enum.
Sax. (1821) 45.— Hermesia spicata Hoppe, Taschenb. (1800) 209. —
lee eaiald Steet IMiteer lace tab. Las

Perennial; stem solitary, erect, strong, thickish, 8—50 cm high, covered
with dense, crisp, glandular hairs, leafless or with 1 small oblong leaf;
radical leaves thickish, fleshy, oblong or elliptical-rhomboid, tapering to
broad, short petiole or sessile, sparsely crenate,4 —8 cm long, 1—4cm
broad, glabrous above, pubescent below, ciliate-margined; flowers in an
interrupted terminal, racemose inflorescence, short-branching in lower
part, 5—10 cm long, with lanceolate, often 3-dentate bracts longer than
pedicels; calyx dissected to the middle into obtuse triangular sepals,
divergent after anthesis; petals reddish or green, oval or ovate-lanceolate,
to 3mm long, 1 mm broad, about as long as calyx. July.

Alpine and Arctic zones, moist moss-and-lichen tundras, marshy banks
of mountain streams and lakes, alpine meadows near glaciers, rocks,
solitary or in groups.— Arctic: Arc. Eur., Arc. Sib., Chuk.; European
part: Urals (N.); W. Siberia: Ob (N.), Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say.

Gen. distr.: Arc. (Eur. and Am.), Centr. Eur. (mountains), Mong. Described
from Hungary. Type in Vienna.

Cycle 7. Stellares Engl. et Irmsch.,1.c.,66.— Stem with branching
paniculate inflorescence; leaves oblong, cuneate, serrate-dentate; sepals
recurved.

20. S.foliolosa R. Br. Chlor. Melv.in Parry Journ. Voy. (1821) 275;
Turcz., Cat. Baic. (1828), No. 496; Hook., Fl. bor. Am. I (1833) 250. —
S.comosa Fellm. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Fr. X (1863) 500.— S.stellaris B
comosa Retzius, Fl. Scand. Prodr. (1779); Ldb., Fl. Ross. Il, 211;
beryl. pes Zo potbe Vigia2 ds) Eneltet Irmsch., Ureriel 51S. sited ha wis
v.foliosa (R.Br.) Trautv., Pl. imag. et descr. fl. ross. (1846) 80.— Ie.:
he Mila: (TS Witabyowt.os (Trautvad. ce tabess.

Perennial; stem usually solitary, erect, 5-20 cm high, branching in upper
part, with short lateral ascending branches, subglabrous, puberulent only
in upper part, slightly sulcate; rosette leaves oblong -ovate, cuneately
tapering, orbicular in upper part; serrate-dentate, glabrous, sparsely ciliate-
margined, 1—2 cm long, 0.3—0.8cm broad; inflorescence oblong or oval,
paniculate; flowers only at tips of stem and branches, on lateral branches
replaced by small rosettes of rather fleshy leaflets, deciduous and renewed,
the lateral branchlets with oblong bracts at base; bracteoles at base of
rosettes small and narrow; sepals oval, obtuse, recurved; petals white,
lanceolate, abruptly narrowed to long claw, slightly tapering upward,

158

123

obtuse, 3-nerved, 4—5 mm long, more than twice as long as calyx; stamens

shorter than petals, with dark anthers; capsule dehiscing to '/4, with

short reflexed style, rounded-ovoid. August. (Plate VIII, Figure 11).
Alpine and polar zones, river and stream banks, moist, clayey slopes,

rocks, near snow.— Arctic: Arc. Eur., Nov.Z., Arc. Sib., Chuk., An.;

European part: Kar.-Lap.; E.Siberia: Yenis. (). part), Ang.-Say.,

Dau., Lena-Kol.; Far East: Kamch.,Okh. Gen.distr.: N. Am. Described

from Lapland.

21. S. redowskii Adams in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. III (1834) 241.—
lens) Adamisric.. tabsrclll, tf. 2%

Perennial; stem solitary, erect, sparsely glandular -hairy, branching
in the inflorescence, 6-20 cm high; rosette leaves oblong or lanceolate,
cuneate, with unequal acute teeth in upper part, 2—5 cm long, 1.5—3 cm
broad, glabrous below, glandular-ciliate above and along the margin;
bracts at base of peduncles, the lower dentate, the upper smaller and
narrow, entire; inflorescence broadly triangular-corymbiform, many -
flowered; pedicels sparsely glandular; flowers erect, ca. 1 cm in diameter;
calyx dissected nearly to base, with recurved, oval, obtuse sepals 3—4 mm
long; petals white with red dots in lower part, oblong-elliptic, 3-nerved,
6mm long, 1.5 mm broad; stamens ca. half as long as petals.

August. (Plate VIII, Figure 11).

Forest edges, forest-tundra, tundra.— Arctic: Arc.Sib.; E. Siberia:
Lena-Kol. (N. part). Endemic. Described from Cape Bykovskii.

Note. Distinguished from S.stellaris L. by larger size, lesser
pubescence, obtuse sepals, and inflorescence with greater numers of
flowers.

22. S.stellaris L., Sp. pl. ed. 1 (1753) 400; Ldb., Fl. Ross. Il, 211
(excl. var.leucanthemifolia Misch.); Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI (1931) 1421, —
Ss stellaris var.ty pica Engl. etIrmesch.,lyc., 71,.pro max. pi
Spathularia stellaris Haw., Enum. Saxifr. (1821) 49.

Perennial; stems 1—5, erect, 3-15 cm high, not branching, sparsely
pubescent; leaves stellately arranged in rosette, oblong-ovate-lanceolate,
1—2.5cm long, 4-8 mm broad, cuneate, tapering upward and mucronate,
acutely dentate in upper part, ciliate-margined, sparsely pubescent on
both sides; inflorescence corymbiform, few-flowered, bracts at base of
peduncles and pedicels small, acute; pedicels minutely glandular; calyx
dissected to base, with oblong, ovate, bluntly acuminate sepals; petals
white, oblong-elliptic, acuminate, tapering to short claw, 3-nerved, 5.5 mm
long,1.5mm broad, 2—2.5 times as long as calyx; stamens with short
filaments and light anthers, shorter than petals; capsule oblong with short
styles, dehiscing to the middle. July. i

Arctic region, moist, mossy marshy tundras, stony, pebbly soils, rocks,
along streams,— Arctic: Arc. Eur., Nov. Z.; European part: Kar.-Lap.,«
Dv.-Pech. (N. part). Gen. distr.: Arc. Scand., Greenland. Described from
Spitsbergen. Type in London.

159

Cycle 8. Merckianae Engl. et Irmsch.,l.c., 88.— Loosely cespitose
plants; stems few-flowered; pistils with subsessile stigmas.

124

160

23. S.merckii Fisch. in Sternb., Rev. Suppl. (1822) 1; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II,
208; Engl. et Inmsch.,1.c., 88; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II (1 929) 215.— Leptasea
merckii (Fisch.) Kom., l.c.— Ic.: pternbey Lic! tab. L.

Perennial, forming loose flat tufts; rhizome with slender woody shoots;
roots slender, fibrous; stems erect or ascending, densely glandular,
4—10cm high; rosette leaves often remote, oboval or lanceolate, usually
acuminate, less often orbicular, tapering downward, glabrous below, sparsely
hispid above, densely hispid on the margin, sometimes obscurely 3-dentate
in upper part, 1—2.5cm long, 0.4—0.8cm broad; flowers 1—5,1—1.5 cm in
diameter, their long pedicels with small lanceolate bracts at base; calyx
dissected to the middle, glabrous, with oval, obtuse, ciliate-margined sepals;
petals white, rounded, 5-nerved, long-clawed, 0.4—0.5 cm long, more than
twice as long as sepals; stamens longer than calyx, shorter than petals,
with slender yellowish filaments and small dark purple anthers; stigmas
Subsessile. July.

Loose soils, sands, products of volcanic eruptions, in great masses
along mountain stream banks in the alpine region. — Arctic: Arc. Sib.,

An.; Far East: Okh., Kamch. Endemic. Described from the Yablonovy
Range. Type in Leningrad.

Section 2. HIRCULUS (Haw.) Tausch, Hort. Canal. (1823) 1.— Hireculus
Haw., Enum. Sax. (1821) 40 (pro genere).— Leptasea Haw., Enum. Sax.
(1821) 39 (pro genere); Small, N. Amer. Fl. XXII, 2 (1905) 151 (excl. non-
nullis specibus).— Ovary superior, not imbedded or else hypanthium well-
developed; capsule with divergent syle, dehiscing to ,—'/,; petals yellow;
cauline shoots reduced; flowering stems leafy; leaves entire, pubescent,
hispid, or glandular, or with cartilaginous margin.

Cycle 1. Hirculoideae Engl. et Irmsch.,1.c.,106.— Stems pubescent,
eglandulose; leaves glabrous. Not forming rooting shoots.

24, S.parnassioides Rgl. et Schmalh., Descr. Pl. nov. rar. O. Fedtsch.
in Turk. lect. in Izv. O-va Lyub. Ect. III, 18 (1882) 27; Engl. et Irmsch.,
Tees 1 216

Perennial; stem slender, 8-12 cm high, covered with scattered articulate
hairs; radical leaves unknown; cauline leaves 2, small, 1.5 cm long, 1 cm
broad, oval, mucronate, entire, glabrous, 3-veined, short-petioled; flowers 2,
with pedicels to 2.5cm long, the upper flower terminal, the other in axil
of first leaf; sepals oblong, obtuse, 3—4 times as long as fused part of calyx;
petals oboval, 3-nerved, white, more than twice as long as calyx; styles
erect, with capitate stigmas. July.

Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al., collected in the Isfairam River valley. Endemic.
Type unknown.

Note. Apparently no herbarium specimen has been preserved. The
initial description was made after a single specimen from the collections
of O. A. Fedchenko, from which a drawing was made; this is in the
herbarium of the Biological Institute.

L61

25. S.hirculus L., Sp. pl. ed. 1 (1753) 402; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 210;

Lidbs,/ Pl. Alt. In U21¢ Enel? etalemschs, Lre.i 7 NOky Keys Fils: Aen. seaivel
1425; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II (1929) 207.— S.nutans Adams in Nouv. Mem.
Soc. Nat. Mose. III (1834) 242(?).— Hirculus ranunculoides Haw.,
Enum. Sax. (1821) 40.— Leptasea hirculus (L.) Small, N. Am. Fl. XXII
(1905) 152.— Exs.: HF'R, No. 19.

Perennial; stems simple, erect, solitary or several and then plants
cespitose, leafy, with a basal leaf rosette, sometimes with leafy, nonrooting
shoots, subglabrous in lower part, more or less densely covered with
rufous hairs in upper part below inflorescence; leaves light green, entire,
lanceolate, 1—3 cm long, 3—5 cm broad, glabrous, the lower tapering to
pubescent, rather long petiole, the upper sessile, narrower and smaller;
flowers 1—4, at tip of stem; calyx dissected nearly to base, the sepals
oblong, apically rounded, ciliate-margined, reflexed after anthesis,
2.5—5mm long; petals bright yellow, sometimes with orange dots, elliptic,
6—12 mm long, 3-3.5 mm broad, with convex nectary below; stamens as long
as petals; pistil divided only at apex into styles; capsule oblong-ovoid,
lcm long. August —September.

Forest, Arctic, and alpine regions, moist moss-and-lichen tundras, along
small rivers and streams, moist meadows, Hypnum and Sphagnum
bogs. > Arctic: Arc. Hur., Nov. Z., Arc. sib. Chul. Am.) Biinemeaia maint
Kar, skap., Lad.=Iim.; DyesPechs)VicDon., U.Dnp. ,U. Vs) Vi.skamam oem,
L. Don (N. part); Caucasus: Dag., E.and S. Transc.; W.Siberia: Yenis.,
Ang.-Say., Lena-Kol., Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Okh., Kamch.; Centr. Asia:
Pam.-Al., T.Sh. Gen. distr.: Arc. Eur., Centr. Eur., Scand.) Atl. Eur.
Described from Switzerland. Type in London.

Note. Size, height of stem, size and number of flowers vary greatly;
two forms can be differentiated: f.major Engl. et Irmsch, with large
stems, 1—4 flowers, not cespitose, a form confined to the forest zone and
the lower mountain zone; and f.minor Engl. et Irmsch., a cespitose
1-flowered form, with large flowers, stems often numerous, 4—10 cm high,
confined to the Polar-Arctic region, and the high-mountain zone. There
are transitions between the two forms.

Cycle)2. BHlagellares Engliiet Inmsch., lic., 157. eaves so leqe mien
or ciliate; stems with above-ground rooting shoots.

26. S.flagellaris Willd. ex Sternb., Rev. Sax. (1810) 25; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I,
209p.p.; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II (1929) 216.— S.aspera M.B.Fl.taur.-cauc. I
(1808) 314.— S.sobolifera Adams in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mose. III
(1834) 243.— S.flagellaris var.stenosepala Engl.et Irmsch,, l.c.,
IVS), = IESG 8 IMLS CeKtIOD Ebasi45 ING LSI),

Perennial; stem solitary, erect, simple, with evenly spaced leaves,
glandular -pubescent, 5-20 cm high, giving rise at base to slender, above-
ground, glabrous, creeping shoots, 3-12 cm long, terminating in a subsequently
rooting bud; leaves entire, ciliate-glandular on the margin, glabrous above,
sometimes glandular-pubescent below, radical leaves rosulate, oblong-
obovate, tapering to petiole; cauline leaves elliptic, slightly tapering toward
base, sessile, all leaves acute, to 15mm long and 5mm broad; flowers

162

16

1—5 at tip of stem, with pedicels of equal length (1—2 cm long), broadly
campanulate, 15—18mm in diameter; calyx dissected to base, glandular,
the sepals narrowly elliptic, acute, 2—4mm long,1—1.5 mm broad;
petals yellow, broadly oval-ovate, 8-13 mm long, 4—6 mm broad; stamens
half as long as petals; capsule rounded-ovoid. June — August. (Plate SB:s
Figure bee

Alpine and Arctic regions, taluses, sands, pebbly tundra, stony and pebbly
soils, along rivers, gorges.— Arctic: Arc.Sib.; E.Siberia: Dau.,
Ang -Say.; Far East: Kamch., Caucasus: Cisc. (Main Range), Dag.;
Gen. distr.: Ber. (Alaska), Mong. (Kentei, Kosogol). Described from the
Caucasus. Type in Berlin.

27. S.komarovi A. Los. sp. nova in Addenda VIII, p.372.— S.flagellaris
auct. Fl. As. Med.; Fedchenko, Rast. Turk. (1915) 480.— Exs.: HFR, No. 69

‘(sub S.flagellaris Willd.).

Perennial, loosely cespitose; stems covered by dead leaves, 4—7.cm
high, strongly pigmented, rather sparsely glandular, leafy, with slender
above-ground shoots bearing rooting buds; leaves fleshy, reddish, slightly
concave, oval-lanceolate, bluntly acuminate, slightly tapering downward;
radical leaves in a dense rosette, to 1 cm long,4mmbroad; cauline leaves
diminishing toward tip of stem, narrower; bracts pedicellate, sublinear,
all leaves glandular on the margin and on both sides; flowers (1-2) 3-8
(mostly 6)ina corymb, erect, campanulate, 8-9 mm in diameter, with
glandular pedicels about half as long as stem; petals obovate, yellowish
pink, tapering downward, rounded at the apex, 6-8 mm long, 3—4 mm broad,
3-nerved; calyx dissected to base, broadly cylindrical, with rounded-truncate
base, the sepals erect, oblong, obtuse, pigmented, 2—4 mm long, 1—1.5mm
broad, concave in lower part, separated by an obtuse notch; pistils with
oblong ovary and subsessile stigmas. July— August. (Plate IX, Figure 10).

Passes, slopes, glacial moraines, on clayey and pebbly soils. — Centr. Asia:
Pam.-Al. (Zeravshan, Shugnan). Endemic. Described from the Zeravshan
Range. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Note should be taken of the smaller-flowered and less pigmented
Shugnan form.

28. S.setigera Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept.I (1814) 312.—S.flagellaris
var.setigera Engl., Mon. Sax. (1872) 225.— S.flagellaris var.
platysepala Engl.et Irmsch.,1l.c.,159.—S.myosotidiflora Don in
Transact. Lin. Soc. XIII (1821) 373. — Pall. ex Spreng.,Syst. Veg. II (1825)
o64,— S.flagellaris Ldb., Fl. Ross.1V,209)p.p.;) Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. V1
(1931) 1427. — Ic.: Ldb., Ic. pl. Fl. ross. tab. 321; Holm., Nov. Sem. Veg.
(1885) tab. 9, f.1—7: .

Perennial; stem solitary, erect, 2—15 cm high, strongly glandular,
pubescent, with evenly spaced leaves, giving rise at base to above-ground
slender, glabrous shoots terminating in rooting buds; leaves entire, short-
acuminate, ciliate, densely glandular on both sides, 5—15 mm long, 2.5 mm
broad; cauline leaves sessile, lanceolate; radical leaves rosulate, oblong -
ovate, tapering to broad petiole; flowers 1—5 on very short, densely glandular

3 pedicels, campanulate-infundibular, with distinctly developed hypanthium,

10—15 mm in diameter; calyx dissected to the middle, 6-8 mm long, densely

164

glandular, with oval, obtuse sepals; petals yellow, obovate, 8-9 mm long,
5—6 mm broad; pistils with half-inferior ovary, dissected to Mh into
styles; capsule oblong. July—August. (Plate IX, Figure 12).

Alpine and Arctic zones, stony moss-and-lichen tundra, alpine meadows, —
Arctic: Nov. Z., Arc. Sib.; W. Siberia: Alt.; Centr. Asia: T.Sh. Gen. distr.:
Arc. Eur., N. Am. Described from Cape Newenham, Arc. Am.

Cycle 3. Sediformes Engl. et Irmsch.,1.c.— Plants with creeping,
leafy cauline shoots, cespitose.

29. S.serpyllifolia Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 1 (1814) 311; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II
(1844) 210; Engl. et Irmsch., 1.c., 151; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II (1929) 216. —
S.fischeri Ser. in DC.,Prodr.Iv (1830) 22.— S.bicolor Sternb.,

Suppl. II (1831) 49, tab.14.— Leptasea serpyllifolia (Pursh) Small,
N. Am. Fl. XXII (1905) 152.— Ic.: Engl., Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII (1912) f.15.

Perennial; loosely cespitose; cauline shoots creeping, leafy, woody;
flowering stems 2—5 cm high, oligophyllous, erect, glandular; leaves
spatulate, tapering downward, obtuse, with thin cartilaginous margin, dark
green, glabrous, 6-7 mm long, 1.5—2 mm broad; cauline leaves smaller,
often emarginate; flowers 1—2, erect; calyx incised to 7/4 into broadly oval-
obtuse, glandular sepals, reflexed toward end of anthesis; petals golden-
yellow, broadly oboval, with short claw, 5—6 mm long, 3-4 mm broad, 3 times
as long as calyx; stamens much shorter than petals; capsule ovoid, with
divergent styles. July.

Rock streams, dry alpine meadows, rocks. — Arctic: Arc. Sib., Chuk.,
An.; E. Siberia: Yenis., Lena-Kol. (N. part); Far East: Kamch. Gen. distr.:
Ber., N. Am. Described from N. America.

Note, Ledebour reports this species for the Altai, according to the
collections of Pallas, which are also mentioned by Engler, but there is
no material from the Altai in the Leningrad herbarium; therefore,
Ledebour's indication should be considered erroneous.

Section 3. MISCOPETALUM Haw., Syn. Pl. succ. (1812) 323; Ej., Enum.
Sax. (1821) 16.— Micropetalum Tausch, Hort. Canal. I (1823) 1.—
Ovary free, not sunken; calyx with flat base; capsule oblong-ovoid, with
short styles. Stems leafy; radical leaves long-petioled, the cauline
short -petioled, all leaves dentate.

30. S.coriifolia (Somm. et Lev.) Grossh., Fl. cauc. II (1932) 235. —
S.rotundifolia var.coriifolia Somm. et Lev., Enum. in A.H. P. XVI
(1900) 175; Oetting., in Fl.cauc. crit.40 (1913) 20.— S.rotundifolia Ldb.,
Fl. Ross. II (1844) 217, non L. — Exs.: Broth., Pl. cauc., No. 372; Sintenis
Tie Oiaw aN Ouro

Perennial; stem erect, to 50 cm high, sulcate, glandular -hairy; branching
in inflorescence; radical leaves rosulate, rather numerous, with pubescent,
rufous petioles 2—3 times as long as the blade; blade rounded-reniform, to
6 cm long, 5 cm broad, coriaceous, with unequal, broad, acuminate or bluntly
acuminate teeth, sparsely hairy on both sides or glabrous, ciliate-margined,

128

165

often red-purple below; cauline leaves small, with narrow, acute teeth;
inflorescence sparse, spreading, oval in outline; flowers 3 or 4 at ends
of branches, their pedicels with varying length, with small, narrow
bracteoles; inflorescence branches and pedicels densely glandular; flowers
12—15 mm in diameter; calyx dissected to base, glandular, with oval-oblong
subobtuse sepals; petals white with red dots, less often pure white, oblong,
narrow, tapering to small claw, with rounded tip, 3-nerved, 7-8 mm long,
2—2.5 mm broad, twice as long as calyx; stamens shorter than petals,
as long as pistils; pistils with short, divergent styles; seeds light brown.
May — June.

Moist soils in the shade in forests to the subalpine zone. — Caucasus:
W.and E. Transe. Gen.distr.: Iran., Arm.-Kurd, Described from the
Batumi District, between Batumi and Adzhari-Tskhali. Type in Florence.

Section 4. CYMBALARIA Griseb., Spicil. Fl. Rumel. | (1843) 336, —
Ovary free, not sunken; calyx with flat base; capsule with short styles;
seeds round. Annual plants with leafy, branching stems and thin spatulate
leaves.

31. S. huetiana Boiss., Diagn. Pl. or. Sen 2, fase. Il (1856) 72; Fl. Or.
(1872) 812; Oetting. in Fl. cauc. crit. Fasc. 42 (1915)11.—'S, cymbalaria
var. huetiana Engl. et Irmsch.,l.c.

Annual; stem glabrous or sparsely glandular-pubescent, ascending,
nodding or decumbent, branching; leaves thin, light green, with very
conspicuous light brown glands below; lower leaves with petioles twice as
long as the blade, cordate-reniform or with truncate base, to 2.5cem
broad, 2 cm long, 5—7-lobed, the lobes broadly oval, rounded or subacuminate;
upper leaves smaller, 3—5-lobed, often with cuneate base, short-petioled;
pedicels slender, long, erect; sepals triangular-oval, acute, reflexed; petals
as in the preceding species. May — July. (Plate IX, Figure 1).

Subalpine meadows, stream banks, moist rocks. — Caucasus: W. and
E.Transe.,Cisc. Gen.distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Described from the vicinity
of Trebizond. Type in Geneva.

Note. Little studied species; very little is known concerning habitat.

32. S.cymbalaria L., Sp. pl. ed. I (1753) 405; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 223;
Boiss., Fl. Or. II (1872) 811.— S.orientalis Jacq., Obs. bot. II (1767) 9,
tab. 34.—S.paradoxa M.B.FI., taur.-cauc. I (1808) 317; Ill (1819) 295,
non L.— Lobaria orientalis Haw., Enum. Sax. (1821) 18.—
S.cymbalaria var.eucymbalaria Engl. et Irmsch., l.c., 202. —
Exs.: HFR, No. 361; Fl. cauc. exs., No. 264.

Annual; stem ascending, erect or prostrate, to 30 cm long, profusely
branching, leafy, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; leaves flat, somewhat
fleshy, light green, glabrous or glandular-hairy, the lower leaves with
petioles twice as long as the blade, the upper shorter -petioled, all leaves
reniform or rounded-reniform, the upper sometimes broadly oval with
cuneate base, 5—25 mm long, 8-35 mm broad, with 5—13 large tringular-oval
acute teeth, the middle tooth larger than the others, more obtuse, and often
slightly cordate at base; flowers in axils of upper leaves and at ends of

129

166

branches, with long, slender, glandular pedicels reflexed after anthesis;
calyx dissected frombase, with oval-triangular subobtuse sepals,
1.5—2 mm long, 0.5—0.8 mm broad, horizontally spreading or divergent,
glabrous or glandular; petals oblong-elliptic, to 6 mm long, 2mm broad,
3-nerved, subobtuse, with short claw, white or pinkish-yellowish with
orange spot; stamen half as long as petals; ovary as long as sepals;
capsule ovoid, to 4mm long; seeds round. May. (Plate IX, Figure 2).
Forests of the upper forest zone and at the timberline, rocks in gorges,
on limestones, subalpine meadows. Caucasus: W.and E. Transc., Lenkoran.
Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from the East. Type in London.

Section 5. TRIDACTYLITES Haw., Enum. Sax. (1821) 21.— Flowers
small; ovary semi-imbedded; calyx dissected to “3 — “>, with erect sepals;
capsule with short styles. Annuals or biennials with erect leafy stems and
radical rosette of 3—5 quinquelobate leaves.

33. S.tridactylites L., Sp. pl. ed. I (1753) 404; IMGs IMA IROSSIS IL, B26 ¢
Shmal'g., Fl. Sr.i Yuzhn. Ross. I (1895) 355.— S.trifida Gilib., Fl. Lith.
(1781) 181.— S.annua Lap., Fl. Pyr. (1801) 597.— S.tridactylites var.
minor A.Blytt, Norg. Fl. III (1876) 910.—S.tridactylites subsp.
minor A.Blytt, Handb.i Norg. Fl. (1906) 410.—S.tridactylites subsp.
evthidactylit es Englvet Irmsch, Pilanzr, Mics 206) frida etna mimets
annua Haw., Enum. Sax. (1821) 21.— Exs.: HFR, No. 20.

Annual, completely covered with small glandular hairs; stem 2—18cm
high, erect or flexuous, usually slender, less often thickish, simple or
branching from the very base, sparsely leafy; radical leaves rosulate,
sometimes absent, oblong-spatulate, cuneate, often trilobate, to 2 cm long,
0.5 cm broad; cauline leaves smaller and narrower, 3—5-lobed, sometimes
entire (in low-growing forms); inflorescence spreading, with slender
pedicels, twice as long as flowers or longer, elongating after anthesis;
first flowers bisexual, the following ones with obsolete pistils and stamens;
calyx dissected to the middle, with subobtuse or orbicular sepals, to 2mm
long; petals oval-cuneate, white, more than twice as long as calyx; ovary
half-sunken, hemispherical, with rounded base ; stamens as long as sepals,
attached to their base; pistils with short widely-scattered styles; capsule
globose. May —June. (Plate IX, Figure 4).

Shores, limestones,rocks. — Europeanpart: Lad.-Ilm., U. Dnp.y Bl rina
Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W.,S., and E.Transc.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm.

Gen. distr.: Centr.Eur.,Scand.,W.Med.,Bal.-As. Min. Described from Europe.

Note. Species varying greatly in overall size, leaf incision and flower
dimensions. Litvinov has noted for Turkmenia f.simplex Litw., with
very small flowers and slender stem, scarcely branching. Engler reports
9 forms differing in their growth in the same distribution area.

34. S.adscendens L., Sp. pl. ed. I (1753) 405.— S.controversa Sternb.,
Rey. Sax. (1810) 43.—S.tridactylites subsp.adscendens Engl. et
Irmsch., l.c.,217.— Exs.: Fl. exs. Reipubl. Slov., No. 225 (1926).

Annual, completely covered with dense glandular hairs; stem erect, to
25cm, usually branching in upper part; leaves in dense radical rosette;

130

cauline leaves evenly spaced throughout the stem, elliptic-cuneate, entire

or trilobate; radical leaves to 25mm long, 7mm broad, the cauline narrower
and smaller; inflorescence 1- to many-flowered, broadly paniculate;
pedicels slender, 3—4 times as long as flowers, curved in upper part;

calyx campanulate, dissected to sie into acute triangular sepals tapering
toward base; petals 3—4 times as long as sepals, white, to 4mm long,

3mm broad, 3-nerved, obovate; stamens and pistils as in preceding species.
May — July. (Plate IX, Figure 3).

Riverbanks,rocks,pebbles,on moist soil.— Caucasus: Dag., W. and
E.Transe. Gen.distr.: Centr. Eur., Atl. Eur., Scand., W. Med., Bal.-As. Min.
N. Am.

Note. Varying greatly, like the preceding species. Engler reports
several forms within the species, but — as in the preceding species — these
forms differ mainly in their ecology.

Section 6. NEPHROPHYLLUM Gaud., FI. Helv. III (1828) 85 (excl.
S.rotundifolia).— Sobaria Haw., Enum. Sax. (1821) 20 p. p. (pro gen.). —
Flowers large, campanulate, with white petals, several times as long
as calyx; ovary slightly imbedded; styles slender, divergent. Leaves
large, dentate or lobate, reniform or oblong-rounded, cuneately tapering.
Stem leafy, usually petiole bears at its base bulbil-tubercles.

167

Cycle rriguae nel. et Icmsch., I. c., 234. —sPlants with pulbils
at base of petioles; leaves twice trilobate.

35. S.irrigua M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. II (1808) 460, ITI (1819) 295; Ldb.
Fl. Ross. W, 218; ‘Shmal's., Fl. Sr.i Yuzhn. Ross. 1, 355; Engl. et Irmsech.,
l.c.,234.— S.aquatica M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 317, excl. syn. Lap. —
S.petraea Hablizl, Phys. Beschr.d. Taur. Statt. (1789) 257, non L. —
S.ranunculoides Haw. Enum. Sax. (1821) 25.—S. geraniodes 8B
Teri ema ser. in DpCyProdrjiv (1930) 30.— Ic.: Bot. Mag. tab. 220.

Perennial, completely densely soft-hairy; stems numerous, 8-85 cm
high, sulcate, often pinkish, thick, branching in upper part; radical leaves
numerous, long-petioled, rounded-reniform in outline, trilobate, each lobe
dissected into oblong, subobtuse, rarely acuminate lobules; blade 0.5—5cm
in diameter, on the average mostly 2cm; petioles pinkish, sulcate, thickish,
2—4 times as long as the blade; cauline leaves short-petioled or sessile,
smaller, with narrower acute lobules; bracts to 1 cm long, lanceolate;
flowers erect, in dense, corymbiform-paniculate inflorescence, with rather
slender, short pedicels; calyx with narrowed base, dissected nearly to base
into linear obtuse sepals to 5mm long, 1mm broad, 3-nerved; petals white,
oblong -ovate-cuneate, 10-12 mm long, 3—4mm broad, 3-nerved; stamens half
as long as petals; ovary semi-imbedded, with filiform erect styles as long as
stamens; capsule ovoid. May. (Plate IX, Figure 7).

Mountain slopes, rocks, bluffs.— European part: Crim. Endemic.
Described from the Crimea. Type in Leningrad.

Cycle 2. Granulatae Engl. et Irmsch.,l.c.,236.— Plants with bulbils
at base of petioles. Ovary sunken.

131

168

IL 7/1

36. S.granulata L., Sp. pl. ed. 1 (1753) 403; Ldb., Fl. Ross. Il, 218;
Shmal'g., Fl. Sr.i Yuzhn. Ross. I (1895) 355; Engl. et Irmsch., 1. c., 245
(sub eugranulata).— S.corymbosa Luce, Prodr. FI. osil. (1823) 137. —
SP @eieimlo Sel, Ibreer leo, Wales Wess leelalos, li Ils Cepia, St IEE DOIN, Welle.
tab. 116.

Perennial; stem erect, solitary, leafy in lower half, scabrous -hairy,
15—50 cm high, branching in upper half; radical leaves in dense rosette, the
long petioles twice as long as blade, covered with white flexuous hairs,
the blade rounded-reniform, 1—5 cm broad, 0.7—2.5 cm long, 5—9-lobed,
the lobes rounded, glandular-hairy on both sides; cauline leaves with
cuneate base and narrower, more acute lobes, short-petioled; bracts
deeply dissected into 3—5 acute lobes, or entire, lanceolate; flowers in
many -flowered, broad, corymbiform-paniculate inflorescence, large, erect,
with glandular pedicels of varying length, sometimes subsessile; calyx
deeply dissected into lanceolate, acute sepals, glandular, to 5mm long;
petals white or yellowish, oblong-spatulate, broadening in upper part,
cuneately tapering downward, 10—14mm long, 3—5 mm broad; stamens
half as long as petals; ovary oi imbedded, with styles as long as stamens;
capsule ovoid, to 7mm long; seeds black, oblong, to 0.5mm long. May.
(Plate IX, Figure 8).

Meadows, ditches, meadow slopes and hills in sparse forests. —
European part: Lad.-Ilm., U.Dnp. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Scand.,

W. Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from Europe. Type in London.

Cycle 3. Sibirica’e Engl: etlemech. jl..c.; 2625 Plants withabulpsls
at base of petioles; ovary almost free.

3/7. /S.eernua 1) Splpls eds li(753)) 40385 Tdbt ly Alton (330) mi22:
Engl. et Irmsch., 1. c., 270, f.64; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II (1919) 205. —
S.bulbifera Gunn., Fl. Norveg. II (1772) tab.8.— S.simulata Small
in N. Amer. Fl. XXII, 2 (1905) 128.— Ic.: Rehb., Ic. Fl. Germ. XXII, tab. 118.

Perennial; underground shoots covered with fleshy petioles of obsolete
leaves, forming buds; stems solitary, 25—35 cm high, erect, branching
or simple (f.simplicissima Ldb., Fl. Alt. II (1830) 122), slightly
glandular -pubescent, with leaves evenly spaced and bearing small reddish
bulbils in leaf axils; radical and cauline leaves petiolate, to 3.5cm in
diameter, reniform, with 5—9 large acute, broadly oval or narrowly triangular
lobes; in upper leaves, the lobes more acute and narrower; bracts with
bulbils in their axils, entire, oval or lanceolate; flower solitary at tip
of stem, with rather long, glandular pedicels, large, campanulate; sepals
oval, not acute, pubescent, 2.5—3.2 mmlong; petals white, oblong-oval,
3-nerved, tapering downward, without claw; stamens as long as calyx;
ovary half-inferior, with short styles and rather large stigmas; throughout
the stem are bulbils — buds with numerous, fleshy, reddish leaflet lobes,
deciduous and renewed. May— July.

Forest and Arctic zones, rocks, pebbles, alpine meadows. — Arctic:
Arc. Eur., Arc. Sib., Chuk., An.; European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech.,
V.-Kama (N. Urals); W. Siberia: Alt., Ob (N. part); E. Siberia: Yenis.

(N. part), Dau., Lena-Kol., Ang.-Say; Far East: Kamch; Centr. Asia: T.Sh.
Described from Lapland. Type in London.

132

PLATE IX. 1—Saxifraga huetiana Boiss., leaf; 2—S.cymbalaria L., leaf; 3—S.adscendens L.,
a) flower; 4—S.ridactylites L.; 5—S.mollis Smith, a) leaf, b) petal; 6 — S.sibirica L.,petal;

7 —S.irrigua M.B., leaf; 8—S.granulata L., leaf; 9—S.rivularis L.; 10 —S.komarovi A.Los.,
a) leaf, b) flower; 11—S.flagellaris Willd., a) leaf, b) flower; 12 —S.setigera Pursch.,

a) leaf, b) flower.

133

172

38. S.sibirica L., Sp. pl. ed. II (1762) 577; Ldb., Fl. Ross. Il, 219; Boiss.,
F1.Or.II, 807.—S. granulata Schangin in Pall.n. nord. Beitr. VI (1793)
93.—S.cernua 8.sibirica Korshinsky, Tent. Fl. Ross. Or. (1898) 164. —
S. stephaniana Sternb., Rev. Suppl. I (1822) 8, tab. 6,f.2.—S. grandi-
flora Sternb., Rev.(1810) 20,tab.12,f.4.—Lobaria sibirica Haw.,
Enum. Sax, (1821) 21.—S. sibirica L. v.eusibirica Engl.et Irmsch.,
l.c., 263.—Ie.: Sternb., Rev. (1810) tab. XII, 4 sub S. granulata.—

Perennial; stem erect, 4— 30cm high, leafy, pubescent in upper part, with
small whitish underground tubercles at base; radical leaves reniform,

6— 20mm long, 8— 25mm broad, incised nearly to the middle into 7—9,

less often 5 broadly ovate, obtuse, orbicular or acuminate lobes, glabrous
and glandular on the margin, long-petioled, the middle cauline leaves
shorter-petioled, smaller, trilobate, the uppermost entire or lobate; flowers
2—7 at tip of stem, the slender, long pedicels with small ovate-lanceolate
bracts; calyx glandular-pubescent, dissected to three-quarters into oblong or
ovate sepals; petals white, 5— 7-nerved, obovate, cuneate toward base, 2—3
times as long as calyx; ovary superior. June — July. (Plate IX, Figure 6).

Stony, pebbly slopes, rock crevices, sparse forests in the alpine and
forest zones, less often in the steppe region. — European party. V.-Kama,
Transy.;"W. Siberia’ Ul Pob.y rt. vAlt.; Ei slberias gane® —sayge menuses
Dauw., Lena-Kol.; ‘Far Hast: Ze.-Bu.: Centr’ Asia: ey on., Pam. ~All ovieeiaes
Dzu.-Tarb. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong. Described from Siberia.

Type in Leningrad.

Note. A form with small sessile cauline leaves, slender stems and

1—3 small flowers has been observed in the Shugnan and the Pamir.

39. S.mollis Smith in Sternb., Rev. Suppl. II (1832) 37.—S. cymbalaria
M.B., Fl. taur. -cauc. III (1819) 202 (excl. syn. Willd.).— S. sibirica
auct).. Fl. cauc.—Ie.:) Sternb.; 1. c.atabsaoot. We cae: hotschy heer iNamne ie
Sintenis, Her.or.1894 No. 5664.

Perennial; stems solitary, with underground tubercles at base, 10— 30cm
high, glandular-pubescent, often lilac, erect or ascending; leaves reniform,
with 5—7 large, triangular-ovate, acuminate lobes, 1—2.5cm long, 1—3cm
broad, the lower with long, glandular-pubescent petioles, the middle leaves
shorter-petioled, the upper subsessile, the uppermost broadly ovate, acute;
all leaves with glabrous blade, glandular on the margin, dark-veined;
flowers few, in a corymb, the slender, glandular pedicels with small
lanceolate bracts; calyx subobtuse, dissected to base; sepals sublinear,
bluntly acuminate, to 0.5cm long, 1mm broad, glandular; petals white,
oblong-obovate, tapering to long claw, 3-nerved, 2 cm long, 0.6 cm broad;
stamens shorter than petals, with small spherical anthers; ovary with short
style. June—July. (Plate IX, Figure 5).

Stony soils, moraines, limestone taluses in the alpine zone. — Caucasus:
Cisc.,S., E., and W. Transc. Gen.distr.: Iran., Arm. -Kurd., As. Min.
Described from Mt. Ararat.

Note. Distinguished from S.sibirica L. by the subtruncate base of
calyx, longer and correspondingly narrower petals with 3 nerves instead
of 5,the entire plant more delicate and less leafy. .

40. S.rivularis L., Sp. pl.ed.1I (1753) 404; Ldb., Fl. Ross. Il, 221; Engl.
et Irmsch.,1.c., 277; Kom.,;Fl. Kamch) 11 (1929), 206: Kryl., Wi. Zap. ste

173

V1(1931)1413.—S. cymbalaria vel nov. sp. Chamisso in Linnaea VI
(1831) 555.—Ic.: Sternb., Rev. Sax.(1810) 812, f.3.

Perennial; stems 3—10cm high, numerous, erect, leafy, covered with
white hairs, with underground shoots; leaves light green, somewhat fleshy,
palmately 3—5-lobed, the radical long-petioled, the cauline short-petioled,
entire, oblong, sessile; stipules broad, ciliate; flowers in leaf axils
throughout the stem, the middle flowers shorter, the upper sessile; calyx
glandular, dissected to the middle, with oblong sepals; petals 3—4mm long,
white, obovate or oblong-ovate; capsule globose, to 4mm long, with divergent
short styles; calyx and capsules often purple. July — August. (Plate IX,
Figure 9).

Polar-Arctic and alpine regions, pebbles, tundra spring banks, meadows,
rarely in the mountain forest belt, always in the shade.— Arctic: Arc.
Eur., Nov. Z., Arc. Sib., Chuk., An.; Far East: Kamch.Gen.distr.: Arc.,
Seand., N.Am. Described from Lapland. Type in London.

41. S.bracteata D.Don in Transact. Linn. Soc. XIII (1822) 367; Kom.,
Fl. Kamch. II (1929) 207.—S. laurentiana (Ser.) Engl. in Engl. et Irmsch.,
l.e4 282.—S. eymbalaria Cham-.in Linnaea V1 (1831) 555, non L.

Perennial; stem 6—15cm high, erect, usually solitary, pubescent with
whitish or rufous hairs, subtomentoSe in upper part, slightly sulcate;
leaves broadly reniform, 1—3cm long and broad, with 3—7 large, rounded
lobes, lower and radical leaves long-petioled, the upper short petioled, the
uppermost sessile, approximate to flowers; petioles flat, rather fleshy,
the lower sparsely pubescent, the upper rather densely hairy; flowers 1cm
in diameter, few, in axils of bracts, with very short pedicels, forming a
condensed subcapitate inflorescence; calyx dissected to the middle,
subglabrous, the oval sepals glabrescent, 7— 9mm long tapering toward base;
petals broadly oval, 5mm long, 3.5mm broad, 3-nerved, white; stamens
shorter than calyx; ovary half-sunken, with short styles as long as stamens;
capsule rounded-ovoid, with very short style. June—July.

Rocks on seashores.— Arctic: An.; Far East: Kamch.Gen.distr.:
Ber. Described from E. Siberia.

42. S.exilis Stephan in Sternb., Rev. Sax. Suppl. 1 (1822) 8, non Poll.;
Bugle et, irrosch.,1.c., 267 ,.%.62.e=1;. Kom.,Fl. Kamch, II (1929) 207.-—
S. elegans Chamisso in Linnaea VI (1831) 556,non Zeyh.—S. radiata
Small, N. Am. Fl. XII (1905) 128.—Ic.: Sternb., Suppl. 1, tab. 3.

Perennial; stems numerous or solitary, erect, slender, often reddish,
minutely glandular-pubescent, 8— 25cm high; radical leaves few, small,
the blade with 3—7 oval, acuminate lobes, 4— 7mm long, 7— 9mm broad,
with cuneate or rounded base, glabrous, the petioles 2—4 times as long as
blade, puberulent; cauline leaves sessile, with 3 acute lobes, cuneate;
flowers few, in axils of upper leaves, on erect or declinate, densely pubescent
pedicels, twice as long as flowers; calyx dissected nearly to base, with
acute, oblong, reflexed sepals, 2— 2.5mm long, 1mm broad, 3-nerved; petals
white, oblong-oval, 10—12mm long, 4—5mm broad, slightly dentate; stamens
slightly longer than sepals; ovary slightly sunken, with short styles 1mm
long; capsule oblong, with strongly divergent styles. July.

[35

174

WS

River and stream banks. — Arctic: Are. Sib., Chuk., An.; Gen. distr.:
Ber., N. Am. Described from Siberia.

Section 7. DACTYLOIDES Tausch, Hort. Canal. (1823) p.p.— Miscaria
Haw., Enum. Sax. (1821) 36-39; Small, 1. c., 120 (sub gen.).— Flowers
campanulate, with developed hypanthium; ovary sunken, oval or rounded,
less often flattened; petals usually white, less often yellowish, reddish
or greenish. Above-ground cauline, scarcely leafy shoots cespitose;
leaves usually 3—5-sect, less often entire.

Cycle 1. Androsiaceae Engl. et Irmsch., cr, 298° — Leaves oblong.
lanceolate, spatulate, cuneate, entire; cauline shoots loosely leaved.
Flowers solitary; petals twice as long as sepals.

43. S.androsacea L., Sp. pl. ed. I (1753) 399; Ldb., Fl. Ross. Il, 225. —
Svand ros aee an Var. um bilo man Kacy sin AN Heol (1903) 16; Krys
Fl. Zap. Sib V1 (1931) 1420; Enpl.iet Irmsch:, 1.ic.,302) f. 71. — Jee Sterne
Supple]; tab scl t. 4.

Perennial,densely cespitose, with short loosely leaved cauline shoots, with
leaf rosettes atthe summit; flowering stems leafless or 1—2-leaved, erect,
2—6 cm high; radical leaves entire, oblong-lanceolate, subobtuse, tapering
to broad petiole, 5-10 mm long, 1.5—3 mm broad, 3—5-veined, sparsely
glandular -hairy; cauline leaves sessile, narrowly lanceolate, smaller;
flower solitary, terminal, 0.5—0.6 mm in diameter; calyx dissected to the
middle, sparsely glandular, with ovate, obtuse sepals; petals white, 2—2.5
times as long as sepals, oblong-obovate, 5.5—6.5 mm long, 2.5—3 mm broad,
3-nerved; pistils with half-inferior ovary dissected to the middle; stamens
shorter than sepals. June. (Plate X, Figure 6).

Rocks among stones, moist soils, moss-and-lichen tundra in the Alpine
GFecion. = We. siberia: Alt.;) . Siberia: Ang ssay. ~Endemies )Desemibed
from Siberia. Type in London.

European forms represent a separate race, if not an independent species
and are therefore not cited in the general distribution.

Cycle 2. Caespitosae Engl.in Engl. und Prantl, Nat. Plfzf. Il, 2a
(1891) 55. — Densely cespitose plants; leaves 3—5-sect into oval lobes;
petals 2—3 times as long as sepals.

44, S. sileniflora Sternb., Suppl. II (1831) 68, tab.13; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II,
224, (Ss Cae Ss piimosa mars, Unit loma ook. et Arn. Bot jo pheechr (1832)
123.— Miscaria sileniflora Small, N. Am. Fl. XXII (1905) 120.

Perennial, densely cespitose; cauline shoots short, loosely leaved;
flowering stem to 2.5cm high, thickish, glandular-pubescent, sparsely
leafy, few, often 1-flowered; radical leaves with flat petioles, 3-, sometimes
5-partite, the lobes tapering upward, the lateral shorter than the middle
lobe, all lobes rhomboid in outline, with 2—3 veins confluent into 1 broad
vein, the blade rhomboid in outline, sparsely pubescent on both sides; cauline

136

leaves usually oblong-linear, sessile; flowers erect, to 1 cm in diameter;
calyx dissected to '/3, oval, inflated at base, constricted at base of sepals;
sepals oblong, obtuse; petals white, oblong-obovate, 2—3 times as long as
sepals, 3-nerved; ovary obovate; styles short. There is no data about
the time of anthesis or the ecology of this species.

Arctic: Arc. Sib., An. Gen.distr.: Ber. (Unalaska, Chamisso Island,
Eschscholtz Bay). Described from Unalaska Island.

Note. Inthe herbarium ofthe Biological Institute,there is one specimen from
the herbarium of M. Bieberstein ''ex Sibiria;'' there is no more exact indication
ofthe distribution area ofthis species inthe Soviet Union. Ledebour reports
this species for Lavrentiya Bay (collection of Eschscholtz); it is quite
possible that the specimen from Bieberstein's herbarium, dated 1809,
is the one collected by Eschscholtz and reported by Ledebour.

45. S.lactea Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII (1840) 71; Engl., Mon.
Sax. (1872) 92; Engl. et Irmsch., l. c., 384.

Perennial, loosely cespitose, with short, leafy cauline shoots; flowering
stems erect, branching, glandular-pubescent; leaves thin, 0.6—1.5 cm long,
cuneate, palmatisect into 3—4 upward-tapering lobes, the lower cauline
and the radical leaves petiolate, the upper cauline sessile, shorter than
the others; inflorescence oval-oblong, paniculate, with slender, slightly
glandular pedicels of various length; flowers erect, less often nodding,
campanulate, 0.6—0.8cm in diameter; calyx dissected to the middle, with
rounded base and oblong-triangular subobtuse sepals 1.5 mm long, slightly
glandular; petals white, oblong-obovate, cuneate, 5—5.5 mm long, 2.5—3 mm
broad, with slender glands; stamens not exceeding calyx; pistils with short
styles,slightly longerthan stamens. June— July.

Riverbanks, moist soils. — E. Siberia: Lena-Kol.; Far East: Okh. Endemic.
Described from the Okhotsk Territory after a specimen collected between
the Chernolesskaya and Allakh railroad stations. Type in Leningrad.

46. S.caespitosa L., Sp. pl. ed. 1 (1753) 404; Ldb., Fl. Ross. Il, 224;
Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI (1831) 1419; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II (1929) 214. —
S.caespitosa subsp.eucaespitosa Engl.et Irmsch., l.c., 369. —
Miscaria caespitosa Haw., Enum. Sax. (1821) 37.— ?S.groen-
landica L.., Sp. pl. ed.I (1753) 404.— Ic.: Sternb., Suppl., tab. XIb, f. 1.

Perennial, with slender rhizomes, densely cespitose, with branching
cauline shoots; flowering stems erect, 2—20 cm high, glandular -puberulent;
radical leaves in dense rosettes, petiolate, palmatisect into 3—5 oblong-
linear, obtuse lobes 3—12 cm long, 2-10 cm broad; cauline leaves few,
the lower smaller, 3-sect, the upper entire, sessile; flowers usually 3, less
often 1 (f.uniflora (R.Br.) Engl.), terminal, erect, broadly campanulate,
0.6—0.7cm in diameter; calyx densely glandular, tapering downward,
dissected to ap into triangular ovate, obtuse sepals; petals obtuse, 3 times
as long as sepals, 3-nerved; stamens shorter than petals but longer than
calyx; pistil divided to fs into styles, with half-inferior ovary; capsule
adnate to 7/4, to calyx, to 10mm long. July. (Plate X, Figure 7).

Forest and Arctic zones, stony slopes, tundra. — Arctic: Nov. Z., Arc.
Sib., Chuk.,An.; European part: Kar.-Lap.,Dv.-Pech.,N. Urals; W. Siberia:
Ob. (N. part); E. Siberia: Yenis. (N. part), Lena-Kol., Ang.-Say. Gen. distr.:
Arc., Scand., Arc. Am. Described from Lapland. Type in London.

137

Note. Engler and Irmscher record subsp.decipiens (Ehrh.) Engl.
et Irmsch. with many varieties and forms for W. Europe; these differ
so strongly from the Arctic forms that they should be regarded as
independent species, viz.,S.decipiens Ehrh. and S.bohemica Panzer.
There is some doubt as to the identity of S.caespitosa L. with
S.groenlandica L. Engler and Irmscher identify S.groenlandica
partly with S.caespitosa subsp.decipiens Ehrh., and partly with
subsp.eucaespitosa andf.uniflora. Litvinov, however, classes
the herbarium part of the Siberian material as S.groenlandica.
These definitions characteristically correspond to low-growing specimens.
In this particular case, the size of the plant cannot be considered as a
systematic character for the differentiation of 2 species, since all the
more southerly forms are larger within the limits of the described species.
It is very difficult to ascertain the true status of S.groenlandica L.
owing to the variety of the material from Greenland.

Cycle 3. Exaratiom-m ois chaitad | Engl ietuemoeh le caps Gaus
Very densely cespitose. Leaves 3—5-sect; lobes obtuse, linear, with
prominent nerves. Cauline shoots densely leafy, lignifying; petals
1.5—2.5 times as long as sepals.

47, S.terektensis Bge. in Ldb., Fl. Alt. II (1830) 123.— S.moschata var.
terektensis (Bge.) Engl. et Irmsch., 1.c.,432; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI (1931)
1409S. sicotdejls' LdbivEly Ross.1ii223; non) Wulf.) — les Lidia le ssents
Ross. (1834) tab. 398.

Perennial; tufts large, rather compact, with densely leafy shoots;
flowering shoots erect, glandular -pubescent, 2—8cm high; leaves to 12 mm
long, incised nearly to the middle into 3 oblong-linear, upward-tapering
lobes, 1—4 mm long, 0.5—1.5 mm broad, cuneate toward base, glandular-
hairy; cauline leaves trilobate or entire, linear; flowers usually solitary,
less often 2 or 3; pedicels glandular, with obtuse bracts; calyx dissected
to ai = le. tapering downward, with oval-triangular, obtuse, erect sepals;
petals twice as long as sepals, yellowish, rounded-oval, 3-nerved,

4.5—5 mm long, 2.5—3.5 mm broad; pistils with nearly inferior ovary
and very short styles. July.

Alpine zone, rocks, taluses, moraines.— W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia:
Ang.-Say.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb.(Saur). Gen.distr.: Mong. Described
from the Altai, from the Terektinskii Range, between the Ursul and Koksu
Livers by perineiPaneicr

177

48. S.moschata Wulf. in Jacq., Misc. austr. II (1781) 128; Grossg., Fl.
Kavk. II (1932) 236.— S.muscoides Wulf in Jack. Misc. austr. II (1781)
123, non Allioni.— S.caespitosa L., Sp. pl.ed.I (1753) 404, p. p.—
S.exarata subsp.moschata Caval.in Burnat, Fl. Alp. mar. V,1 (1913)
61.—S.moschata subsp.eumoschata var.longipetala Engl. et
Irmisch:, ey tis Mets Sternbu kev. , taba xiiy teat

Perennial, loosely or densely cespitose; cauline shoots herbaceous or
semilignified, densely leafy, with a terminal rosette of green leaves;
flowering stems erect, 2—12 cm high, usually numerous, glabrous or slightly

138

glandular; leaves thin, smooth with inconspicuous veins, glabrous,
minutely glandular on the margin, oblong-spatulate, cuneate, dissected

to 2—3,less often 5 obtuse, linear spatules; cauline leaves smaller, with
shorter undissected part; inflorescence 3—9-flowered, corymbiform; pedicels
densely glandular, slender, with oblong, entire bracts at base; flowers
0.5—0.8 cm in diameter, petals greenish, sometimes reddish, spreading,
sublinear or tapering to base, obtuse with 3 parallel nerves, 0.2—0.3 mm
long, as long as or slightly longer than calyx; calyx dissected to the
middle into oval sepals; stamens shorter than corolla, with lilac or yellow
anthers; capsule ovoid-subglobose. Entire plant has a strong musky
scent, especially the leaves. June. (Plate X, Figure 9).

Rosks, gravel, sands, alpine meadows in the Alpine zone. — Caucasus: all
Kepions except W.jrranse.o {Gen. distr:: ‘Centr. Eur., W..and E..Med.,
Bal.-As. Min. Described from Germany. Type in Berlin.

Note. |The plant varies in overall size)idensity of tuft, andisize! of
leaves. The following forms can be differentiated in the Caucasus:

i) f.vulgaris Engl., Mon. Sax. (1872) 179; f.intermedia (Mert. et
Koch) Engl. et Irmsch., 1. c., 419; Oettingen in Fl. cauc. crit., f.40 (1913)

22 (excl. syn.).— the typical form, which occurs most often; 2) f.minuta
Oetting.,l.c.,26=S.pubescens M.B., Fl.taur. cauc. III (1819) 294,

non Sternb. ex Poir. — a low-growing, densely cespitose, few -flowered form;
3) f.laxa (Sternb.) Engl., Mon. Gat. Sax. 1872 (177); Oetting., 1.c.,26.—

a loosely cespitose form with larger petiolate leaves, many -flowered.

178

49. S.pontica Albow, Prodr. Fl. colch. in Tr. Tifl. Bot. Sada in 1 (1895)
Mi. mans Coudes ft. com pactay Mertwet Koch, Deutsch! init
(1831) 147.— S.moschata f.compacta Oetting. in Fl. cauc. crit. f. 40
(1913) 24; Engl. et Irmsch., l.c., 419, p.p.

Perennial, densely cespitose; cauline shoots branching, imbricate-
leaved, often columnar; flowering stems small, 2—4cm high, very slender,
glabrous; leaves in a rosette at apex of cauline shoots, cuneately tapering
to petioles, divided into 3 oblong-linear apically rounded lobes, with
3 veins not reaching the lobes and confluent in the petiole into a single vein,
glabrous, minutely glandular on the margin; cauline leaves linear, small;
flowers short-pediceled, gaping, 6—-7mm in diameter; calyx dissected to
beyond the middle, with narrow sepals, glandular; petals greenish, pink,
or reddish, linear, 3-nerved, 3mm long, slightly longer than sepals;
stamens with greenish anthers, shorter than petals. July.

Limestones, gravels, and sands in the alpine zone. — Caucasus:

W. Transc., Dag., Cisc. Endemic. Described from Mt. Adzhituko in
Abkhazia. Type in Geneva.

Note. Species very closely relatedto S.moschata, differing in its
tufts, columnar shoots and glabrous stems. ParalleltoS.adenophora
Koch, which is as close to S.exarata Vill.as the described species
is toS.moschata Wulf.

50. S.exarata Vill., Prosp.d. l'hist.d. Pl. Dauph. (1779) 47; Ldb., Fl.
Ross. II, 224; Oetting.in Fl. cauc. crit. f.40 (1913) 27; Engl. et Irmsch.,
l.c.,405p.p.; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II (1930) 236.— S.nervosa M.B., Fl.
taur.-cauc. I (1808) 314, non Lap. — Ss; mixta M. B., Pltaur.=cauc. I
(1808) 460, non Lap.

139

179

180

Perennial, loosely cespitose; cauline shoots slender, herbaceous and
lignifying, densely or loosely leaved; flowering stems erect, covered
with soft hairs below, glandular above, 3-12 cm high; leaves ina rosette
at apex of cauline shoots, petiolate or sessile, cuneate, palmatisect,
oblong-linear, with 3, less often 5 obtuse or acuminate lobes, the 2 lateral
lobes often bifid, all prominently veined, glandular on the margin, to 2cm
long; cauline leaves smaller, 3-fid or entire, linear-lanceolate; flowers
4—10 ina corymbiform inflorescence, to 1cm in diameter; calyx half
as long as corolla, dissected to the middle, with rounded base, sepals
obtuse or slightly acuminate, oblong, glandular; petals white or slightly
yellowish, sometimes reddish, oval, 3-nerved to 6mm long, 3mm broad;
capsule ovoid, subobtuse below. July. (Plate X, Figure 8).

Stony and rocky soils inthe alpine zone. — Caucasus: Cisc.,W.and E.Transc.,
Dag.; Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. W.and E.Med., Bali-As. Min., Arn. sikunds
Described from Dauphiné, France.

Note. Very variable species, forming several ecological fortne and
varieties. The following forms have been reported for the Caucasus:
1)f.vulgaris Engl., Mon. Gat. Sax. (1872) 179; Oetting. in Fl. cauc. crit. 40
(1913) 28.— S.exarata var.compacta Koch, Syn. (1837) 274. —
S.exarata var.villarsii Engl. et Irmsch. (1919) 406.— the most widely
distributed, typical form; 2) f.laxa Koch, l.c., Syn. (1837) 273; Oetting.,
Fl. cauc. crit. 40 (1913) 29.— cauline shoots elongated; leaves long-petioled,
5-sect, the lateral slightly smaller; nonflowering longer than flowering
stems; petals yellowish white. Less widely distributed; 3) f.intricata
(Lap.) Oetting., 1.c.,29.— S.intricata Lap., Fl. pyr. (1801) 58; Engl.,
Mon. Gat. Sax. (1872) 180; Engl. et Irmsch., l.c.,402.— S.nervosa B
minor Sternb., Rev. (1810) 52.— densely cespitose; stems delicate; panicle
loose; leaves trilobate, the 2 lateral lobes bifid; petals rounded-oval.
These forms grow under different ecological conditions in the same
districts; f.laxa Koch is a shade-loving form, f.vulgaris usually
occurs in Sunny sites.

51. S.adenophora C. Koch in Linnaea XIX (1847) 40; Boiss., Fl. or. II,
805.— S.exarata var.orientalis Engl., Mon. Sax. (1872) 180; Oetting.
in Fl. cauc. crit. f. 40 (1913) 305 Svexa ra ha ivar. ad enojphiowaetnals
et Irmsch., l. c., 414. — Exs.: Sintenis, Iter or. (1892), No. 4739 (1891),

No. 7055.

Perennial, densely cespitose; cauline shoots long, branching, densely
covered with imbricate old leaves, with a rosette of young green leaves
at the apex; leaves thickish, compactly overlapping, rounded toward base,
palmatisect into 5 obtuse lobes, very prominently veined, to 12 mm long, the
lobes 2—4 mm long, glabrous, sparsely glandular on the margin; flowering
stems slender, erect, glandular; inflorescence crowded, few-flowered;
pedicels short; flowers 6—8 mm in diameter; calyx dissected to the middle,
with obtuse,oval sepals, glandular; petals twice as long as calyx, white,
obovate, 3-nerved, 5mm long, 3mm broad; stamens shorter than petals;
capsule globose. July.

Alpine meadows.— Caucasus: W.,S.,and E.Transc. Gen.distr.:
Arm.-Kurd., Bal.-As. Min. Described from Asia Minor. Type in Berlin.

5173 140

(181)

PLATE X. 1—Saxifraga bronchialis L., a) leaf; 2—S.spinulosa Adams,a) leaf; 3 —
S.anadyrensis A.Los.,a) leaf; 4—S.firma Litv.,a) leaf; 5—S.cherlerioides D.Don.,a) leaf;

6—S.androsacea L.; 7—S.caespitosa L., a) leaf; 8—S.exarata Vill., a) leaf; 9 -—S.moschata
Wulf, a) leaf.

14]

183

52. S.verticillata A. Los. sp. nova in Addenda VII, p.373.— S.exarata
var.intricata Som. et Lev., A.H.P.XVI (1900) 173, non Lap. —
5.exarata varekusnezowili tnpl.et Irmseh,.1.e;)4l2.—-e.s Enel,
et Irmsechvlvic. #1.94.. h.

Perennial, loosely cespitose; cauline shoots short; flowering stems
numerous, profusely branching in inflorescence from middle of stem,
5—15cm high, strongly glandular; leaves in whorls, spatulate, 1.5 cm long,
short -petioled, 3—5-partite, lobes short, obtuse, with recurved, cochlear
tips, dark green, with very prominent veins, numerous below and reaching
base as a parallel cluster, usually 2 nerves per lobe; cauline leaves
smaller, trilobate; inflorescence loosely corymbiform-paniculate; pedicels
strongly glandular, of various length, slender; flowers 0.6—0.8cm in
diameter; calyx with rounded base, inflated in fruit, dissected to the
middle, with oblong, slightly acuminate sepals, about half as long as
petals, strongly glandular; petals white, oval, 3—4 mm long, 3-nerved;
stamens shorter than petals, with spherical white anthers; pistils with
divergent short styles; capsule rounded-ovoid. June.

Pine forests of the upper forest zone, taluses. — Caucasus: Cisc.,
Endemic. Described from the Klukhori Pass. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Very closely related to S.exarata Vill.; the loose leaf
whorls and the branching inflorescence are characteristic.

Section 8. TRACHYPHYLLUM Gaudin, FI. Helv. III (1828) 85, 108. —
Ciliaria Haw., Enum. Sax. (1821) 41 et Leptasea Haw., l.c., 40 (sub
gen.).— Ovary sunken; flowers broadly campanulate; styles curved,
short; cauline shoots densely leafy, densely cespitose; leaves narrow,
hispid, glandular, mucronate.

53. S.anadyrensis A. Los. sp. nova in Addenda VIII, p. 373.

Perennial, loosely cespitose; cauline shoots elongated, covered with
erect leaves; flowering stems reddish, glandular, sparsely leafy, 8-12 cm
high; leaves bright green, with dark violet-red apex, the old leaves
violet or light brown, sharply keeled, concave-canaliculate above, strongly
acuminate, with white mucros, short-glandular at the margin, 6-8 mm
long, 0.6—1mm broad; cauline leaves linear, acute, slightly shorter, few;
inflorescence corymbiform-paniculate; pedicels glandular, 3-10 mm long;
bracts subobtuse, linear; calyx dissected nearly to base, sepals narrowly
triangular, bluntly acuminate, reddish, minutely glandular on the margin;
petals oblong-oval, tapering downward, yellowish with darker dots in lower
part, to 5mm long, 1 mm broad, 4 times as long as sepals; stamens shorter
than petals; filaments dilated at base; pistils shorter than stamens, with light
green oval ovary and erect, rather thick short styles; capsule ovoid,
with divergent styles. July. (Plate X, Figure 3).

Stony slopes. — Arctic: Arc. Sib., An.; E.Siberia: Lena-Kol. Endemic.
Described from the upper reaches of the Anadyr River, from the Medvezhi
Mountains. Type in Leningrad.

54. S.bronchialis L., Sp. pl. ed. I (1753) 400; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 207, p. p.—
S.bronchialis var.genuina Trautv.f.piceifolia Engl. et Irmsch,,
LC oAag

184

Perennial; rhizome creeping, slender; cauline shoots short, densely
leafy; flowering shoots 10 — 35cm high, glabrous, sparsely leafy; leaves
remote, sessile, linear-lanceolate or subulate, to 12mm long, to 1.5 mm
broad, keeled below, with rigid cartilaginous white mucro to 1 mm long, and
with crowded pectinate, acute, flat, white prickles; cauline leaves shorter,
narrowing more abruptly toward the apex; inflorescence corymbiform-
paniculate; pedicels glandular, with small linear bracts; flowers 8 — 12,
to 8 mm in diameter; calyx dissected to ae with oval-triangular sepals,
glabrous; petals light yellow with purple dots, 3-nerved, oblong-oval, to
4mm long, to 0.6mm broad, nearly 3 times as long as calyx; stamens
slightly shorter than petals; pistils with short styles and suborbicular ovary.
(Plate X, Figure 1).

Sandy shore slopes, rocks, gravel.— Arctic: Arc. Sib.; E.Siberia: Yenis.
(N. part), Lena-Kol., Dau., Ang. -Say-; Har,.Hast: Okh,,.Uda, Uss., Ze: -Bu,,
Sakh. Endemic. (reported for N. Am., but it is more correct to consider the
American forms as independent species). Described from Siberia. Type in
London.

55. §S.spinulosa Adams in Mém. Soc. Nat. Mose. V (1817) 96.—S. bron-
chialis var.genuina Trautv. in A.H.P. VI,1 (1879) 20, p.p.—S. bron-
chialis subsp.spinulosa (Adams) Hulten, Fl. of Kamtsh. III (1929)
14.—S. bronchialis var.multiflora Ldb., Mém. Acad. Petersb. V
(1812—1814) 532.

Perennial, loosely cespitose; shoots to 5—6cm, leafy, with erect leaves;
flowering shoots to 20cm, glabrous, leafy, often glandular in upper part;
leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, flat above, slightly convex below,
lustrous, coriaceous, acuminate, to 15mm long, to 2mm broad, mucronate
and ciliate, often glandular on the margin; inflorescence corymbiform-
paniculate; pedicels glandular, of various length, with small bracts; flowers
to 12cm in diameter; calyx dissected to beyond the middle, with oval sepals;
petals yellow, 3-nerved, with purple dots, oblong-oval, 5—7 mm long,
2.5—3.5mm broad; stamens shorter than petals; pistils with rounded
Ovaries; styles to 1mm long; capsule oblong with divergent, elongated
styles. July. (Plate X, Figure 2).

Open pine forests, rocks, sandy soils, pebbles, slopes. — Arctic: Arc.
Eur., Arc. Sib-; European part: Dv. -Pech. (N. Urals), V. -Kama., (Urals);
W. Siberia: Ob, Alt.; E.Siberia: Ang. -Say., Dau., Lena-Kol.; Far East:
Ze. -Bu., Gen. distr.: Mong., Ch. Described from Kamchatka. Type in
Leningrad.

Note.1l. Litvinov reports for Sakhalin var.pseudoburseriana
Schmidt with broader and more lustrous leaves; it deserves separation
as an independent species, but lack of material renders this impossible.

Note 2. S.bronchialis L. andS. spinulosa Adams are two very
closely related forms. Abundant material from Siberia shows that there
are many transitional forms, which apparently hybridize strongly. The
permanent distinguishing characters are flower size and leaf shape.
S.spinulosa Adams varies greatly; the Arctic and bald-mountain (Sayans)
forms are smaller and more compact, with denser, somewhat curved but
always flat leaves; the Ural and Russian-European are distinguished from
the typical (Transbaikalian) forms by their larger flowers, but cannot be
classed as S.bronchialis owing to leaf shape.

143

185

186

56. S.firma Litw. sp.nov. in sched. (deser. in Addenda VIII, p.374. —

S. bronchialis Kom., Fl. Kamtsch. II (1929) 217, p.p.—S. bronchialis
subsp.spinulosa Hulten, Fl. of Kamtsh. ITI (1929) 14 p. p. 488.

Perennial; loosely cespitose, dense; cauline shoots elongated, loosely
leaved; flowering shoots 4—10cm long, slightly glandular, sparsely leafy;
leaves bright green, Sometimes reddish, with concave tips of one leaf
bending over the next, forming rosettes at tips of shoots; leaves lanceolate,
lustrous, mucronulate, ciliate-margined, 6 — 8mm long, 1 mm broad, the
cauline leaves smaller and narrower; flowers in a corymbiform
inflorescence, 3—8; pedicels glandular, 0.4—0.8 mm long, with small bracts;
calyx glabrous, dissected to the middle, with oval sepals; petals oval-
lanceolate, yellow, 3-nerved, without purple dots, 5—6 mm long, 1mm broad,
3—4 times as long as sepals; stamens longer than petals; pistils with
obovate ovary and rather long styles, reflexed at maturity, with oval stigmas;
capsule compressed oblong-ovoid. July. (Plate X, Figure 4).

Pebbles, shores, rocks.— Arctic: Chuk., An.; E. Siberia: Lena-Kol.;

Far East: Kamch., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Ber (?). Described from the
Chukchi Peninsula and from Kamchatka. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Forms transitional between S. spinulosa Adams and S. firma
Litw. occur in Kamchatka and Yakutia, and forms transitional between
8S. firma Litw. and 8S. cherlerioides D. Don in Kamchatka.

57. S.cherlerioides D. Don in Transact. Linn. Soc. XIII (1822) 382;

Kom., Fl. Kamch. II (1929) 217.— S. bronchialis var.cherlerioides
Engl. Mon. Sax. (1872) 216.—S. nitida Lab. Fl. Ross. II (1844) 207.—
S.bronchialis subsp. Funstonii Hulten, Fl. Kamtsh. III (1929). —

Ic.: Kom., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya, tab. 182, f.2 —4.

Perennial; tufts compact, dense, with creeping rhizomes; cauline shoots
short, imbricately and densely leafy; stems 5—10cm high, slightly glandular,
Sparsely leafy; leaf rosettes crowded at tips of shoots; leaves oval-
elliptic, thickish-concave, bluntly acuminate, ciliolate margined, 2—4mm
long, 1.5—2 mm broad, the cauline leaves oblong, flat; entire plant often
reddish, inflorescence corymbiform, 2—8-flowered; flowers to 1 cm in
diameter; sepals oval-triangular, glabrous; petals 2.5 times as long as
sepals, oblong-oval, tapering upward, 3-nerved, white or yellowish-pinkish;
stamens shorter than petals, with rounded ovary and short styles. July.
(Plate X, Figure 5).

Rocks, taluses.— Arctic: Arc. Sib., Chuk., An.; BE. Siberia: Lena=Kol-;
Far East: Kamch., Ze. -Bu., Okh. Described from Kamchatka.

Note. For Kamchatka V. L. Komarov separates f.elongata with
1-flowered stem, less densely leafy, with elongated, branching cauline shoots.

58. S.eschscholzii Sternb., Rev. Suppl. I (1822) 9, tab. 10, f. 2; Engl.,
Mon. Sax. (1872) 212; Engl. et Irmsch., l.c., 764; Kom., Fl. Kamch, IL
303.—S.fimbriata D.Don.in Transact. Linn. Soc. XIII (1822) 410.

Perennial, forming subspherical tufts, with densely imbricate-leaved
stems; leaves obovate, tapering downward, strongly concave, ciliate-
margined, membranous, 4mm long, straw-colored or silver; flowers with
very short pedicels; calyx with ovate, fimbriate sepals recurved after

144

187

anthesis, 1—1.5 mm long; petals oblong, long-clawed, 1mm long; stamens
as long as sepals; capsule subglobose. August.

Rocks. —Arctic: Arc. Sib., An. Gen. distr.: Ber. Described from the
shores of Lavrentiya Bay.

Section 9. KXANTHIZOON Griseb., Spicil. Fl. rumel. I (1843) 333. —
Leptasea Haw., Enum. Sax. (1821) 39 p.p. (sub. gen.). — Ovary sunken;
flowers gaping; petals yellow; leaves with 1 pit at the apex, rather
sparsely covering perennial,loosely cespitose cauline shoots.

59. S.aizoides L. Sp. pl. ed. I (1753) 403; Engl. et Irmsch. 1. c., 446;
Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI (1931) 1427.— S.autumnalis L.in Jacq. Enum.
Horti Vindob. I (1762) 21.—Ic.: Sternb. Rev. Sax. tab. 7, f. 1.
_ Perennial; rhizome slender, creeping, loosely cespitose; stems
ascending, spreading, elongated, branching, densely leafy, 5—17cm high,
covered with rigid short hairs, the hairs glandular in upper part; leaves
oblong-oval or linear, cuneate, thickish and rigid, flat above, convex below,
glabrous or rigidly ciliate-margined, 7—20 mm long, 1.3 mm broad;
inflorescence 2—8-flowered, paniculate; pedicels 5—15mm long; calyx
dissected to the middle, with divergent, ovate-triangular, obtuse sepals,
the calyx tube densely glandular; petals yellow, sometimes with orange dots,
oblong-elliptic, 4.5—6 mm long, 1.2 —2.5mm broad, about 1.5 times as long
as sepals; stamens as long as petals; pistils parted to the middle into
styles; capsule ca.6mm long,4mm broad. July.

Arctic region, tundra, stony and sandy soils, seashores.—Arctic: Arc.
Eur., Nov. Z., Arc. Sib. (Kara Tundra); European part: Kar. -Lap., Dv. -Pech.
Gen. distr.: Arc. Eur.,N.Am. Described from Lapland. Type in London.

Section 10. EUAIZOONIA (Schott) Engl., Mon. Sax. (1872) 223.— Schott
in Schott, Nyman et Kotschy, An. bot. (1854) 20 (subsectio). -Chondrosea
Haw., Enum. Sax. (1821) 10 p.p.(pro genere). Ovary sunken; flowers
gaping; leaves fleshy, coriaceous, dentate, secreting lime along the whole
margin; pitless.

60. S.cartilaginea Willd. ex Sternb., Rev. (1810) 5} tab. 3¢? Lidbi, FL.
Ross. II, 205; Boiss., Fl. Or. Il (1872) 800; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 237. —
S.aizoon subsp.cartilaginea var.eucartilaginea Engl. et
Irmsch., l.c., 513.— S.cotyledon M.B.,, FI. taur. -cauc. I (1808) 13.

Perennial, loosely cespitose; rhizomes slender; flowering stems
10—30cm high, erect, smooth, with sparse leaves, sparsely glandular; leaves
in dense rosettes, oblong-liguliform or oblong-spatulate, slightly fleshy,
coriaceous, gray-green, 1—3cm long, 3—6 mm broad, cartilaginous on the
margin, crenate-dentate, secreting lime along the whole margin, abruptly
narrowed above, muticous, the upper part of leaf the broadest; cauline
leaves small and narrow; leaves at the very base ciliate-margined, 2—3cm
long; flowers to 13mm in diameter; calyx glandular, dissected to the middle,
with oval-triangular sepals; sepals 1.5mm long, 3-nerved; petals white,
to 8mm long, 4mm broad, broadly oval, obtuse, 3-nerved; stamens as long
as sepals; filaments dilated toward base; pistils shorter than stamens.
July —August. (Plate XI, Figure 10).

145

Subalpine and alpine zones, rocks, limestones. — Caucasus: Cisc., Dag.,
E., W., and S. Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: Iran.(?). Described from the
Caucasus. Type in Berlin.

Note. F.minor Boiss., distinguished by its smaller size, has been
reported for the Main Range of the Caucasus; Engl. et Irmsch. report
f.major,andf.vulgaris is noted for the Oettingen herbarium. This
species varies greatly in leaf size and shape; separation of the above forms
is very formal; exact determination of taxonomic units within S.carti-
laginea sensu lato requires the study of differences at various altitudes
under natural conditions.

61. S.kolenatiana Rgl. in Ind. Sem. H. Petr. (1865) 39; Gorssg., Fl. Kavk.
ll (1930) 237. —S.aizoon subsp.cartilaginea var. Kolenatiana
Engl. et Irmsch., 1. c., 513.

Perennial; loosely cespitose; rhizomes lignifying; stems erect or
slightly ascending, smooth, glandular, often red-violet, 20—40cm high; leaves
in loose rosettes, oblong-lanceolate, slightly tapering downward, gradually
acuminate and mucronulate, somewhat fleshy, coriaceous, green, cartilaginous -
crenate-dentate (in lower part teeth passing into longish cilia), 2—3.5cm
long, 5—9mm broad, the cauline leaves smaller; inflorescence paniculate,
the lateral branchlets to 3cm long, with small acute bracts, 2 —3-flowered,
strongly glandular; flowers to 1cm in diameter; calyx as in preceding
species; petals pink or purple, broadly oval, to 7mm long, 3-nerved;
stamens slightly longer than sepals. July. (Plate XI, Figure 11).

Alpine and subalpine zones, rocks, stony slopes.—Caucasus: Cisc., W.,;

E., and 8S. Transc., Dag. Gen. distr.: Iran (2 Described from Kazbek.
Type in Leningrad.

188

Section 11. KABSCHIA Engl. in Linnaea XXXV (1867) 16.— Ovary deeply
sunken; flowers campanulate or open; cauline shoots perennial, densely
covered with coriaceous, rigid leaves; leaves with several lime-secreting
pits on margin.

62. S.juniperifolia Adams in Web. et Mohr, Beitr. z. Naturk. I (1805)
bas Ibellos5 1s ROSS. Il, BOGS iBorSss.e5 1. Ore. 1 (1 872) 803; Oetting. in Fl. cauc.
crit. fasc. 42,40.—S.juniperina M.B., Fl. taur. -cauc. I (1808) 314.—
Chondrosea juniperina Haw., Enum. Sax. (1821) 15.—S.juniperi-
folia vara vt ypucay Enelvet Irmsch., lijes5 549. Nes: )sternbe, Revwewox.
(1810) tab. X.

Perennial; densely cespitose; cauline shoots semi-lignified, erect,
imbricate-leaved; flowering stems 2—7cm long, erect, leafy, pubescent;
leaves of cauline shoots dark green, the old ones light brown, in dense
rosettes, often Somewhat whorled-remote, rigid, spiny, lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, keeled, with 2 grooves above, glabrous on the margin, ciliolate
only in lower part, mucronate, horizontally divergent or recurved, 5—18mm
long, 1 —2 mm broad, 5—7-pitted; cauline leaves lanceolate or oblong-oval,
tapering to a somewhat fleshy petiole, mucronate, smaller; inflorescence
racemose, ovoid; pedicels pubescent, 2—3 mm long, in axils of rigid,
mucronate, ciliate-margined, oval-lanceolate bracts; sepals keeled, oblong-
oval, ciliate-margined; petals linear-spatulate or oblong-spatulate,

146

189

3—4.5 mm long, 1.5mm broad, twice as long as calyx, rigid, 1—3-nerved;
stamens longer than petals; styles 3-4mmlong,erect. June—July.
(Plate XI, Figure 7).

Shady sites on rocks and limestones in the alpine zone. — Caucasus:
E.and W. Transc., Dag. Endemic. Described from ''Iberia.'' Type in
Leningrad.

Note. Var.imbricata (Rupr.in Sched.) Oetting.,1.c.,44 is an
alpine form with shortened, compact, columnar shoots and dense, appressed,
small leaves. Oettingen also separates f.distans with whorled leaves
and f.cinerea with small leaves; these forms are apparently ecological
variants.

63. S.subverticillata Boiss., Fl. Or. II (1872) 802; Oettingen, l. c., 40;
Bngiver irmcgch ss ¢. 050).

Perennial, loosely cespitose; cauline shoots elongated, slender, brittle,
slightly geniculate and nodding, ribbed and canaliculate, reddish, glabrous,
with remote whorls of rather numerous, horizontally divergent leaves;
flowering stems 4—5 cm high, glabrous, smooth, with sparse, smaller
leaves sometimes ciliate in lower part; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate,
mucronate, fleshy, strongly keeled, with reflexed margins and a central
groove on upper surface, glabrous, to 2cm long, 1—2 mm broad, 7—9-pitted;
inflorescence paniculate-corymbiform, 5--7-flowered; pedicels slender,
glabrous, 1.5—2cm long; calyx glabrous, with oblong-ovate sepals; petals
yellow, oblong, longer than calyx, tapering, with claw to 3mm long; stamens
longer than petals; capsule subglobose, with long styles exceeding stamens.
June—July. (Plate XI, Figure 8).

Wet rocks and limestones in the alpine zone.— Caucasus: Dag., E. Transc.
Endemic. Described from Khevsuretiya and Dagestan. Type in Leningrad.

64. S.colchica Albow, Prodr. Fl. colch. in Tp. Tr. Tifl. Bot. Sada 1 (1895)
Goes nelwerirmech. ics, S559—15. simbwcert ieil kata vars eiollic hitea
Oechhineen, ici 50:

Perennial, loosely cespitose; cauline shoots elongated, covered with
remote leave whorls, imbricate-leaved in the interstices, reddish,
glabrous; flowering stem to 4 cm high, glabrous, leafy, the leaves
oblong, flat, ciliate, acuminate; whorled leaves acicular, with a groove above,
subobtuse, mucronulate, 5—7-pitted, ciliate in lower part, smooth, 1 cm
long, erect, the entire whorl appressed to shoot; imbricate leaves small,
thin, acute; inflorescence corymbiform, 3—7-flowered; pedicels to 1.5 cm
long, with several bracts similar to cauline leaves; calyx with oval glabrous
sepals, 3-nerved, 3—4 mm long; petals oval, tapering to claw, subobtuse,
5-nerved, 7-8 mm long, 4—5 mm broad; stamens as long as petals.

June— July. (Plate XI, Figure 9).

Caucasus: W. Transc. Endemic. Described from Mt. Chita-Gvala.

in Mingrelia. Type in Leningrad.

65. S.laevis M.B., Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 314, III (1819) 29 sensu

angustiore; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 205, p.p.; Oetting., 1.c.,38.— S.laevis
vVar,eulaevils Enplietirmseh. plc (556, £.D:

147

Perennial, loosely cespitose; cauline shoots lignifying, rather long,
densely imbricate-leaved in upper part; flowering stems 2—4 cm long,
leafy, glandular-hairy; leaves of cauline shoot ligulate, concave, rigid,
mucronate, glabrous, cartilaginous on the margin, denticulate or ciliate
in lower half, 5—7-pitted, light green, sometimes reddish below, 4—7 mm
long, 2—2.5 mm broad; cauline leaves oboval, mucronate, 2—3 mm long,
light green or reddish; inflorescence corymbiform, 4—8-flowered; pedicels
short, short-hairy; flowers erect; calyx dissected to beyond the middle,
with reddish, glabrous, ciliate-margined, oval, obtuse sepals, 2.5—3 mm long,
1.3—1.8mm broad, with parallel nerves; petals oblong-obovate, 3-nerved,
shorter than stamens, about twice as long as sepals; pistils longer than
petals; capsule subglobose, with long divergent styles. July — August.
(Plate XI, Figure 4),

Rocks, taluses, and limestones in the alpine zone. — Caucasus: Dag.,

E. Transc. Endemic. Described from the Caucasus. Type in Leningrad.

190

66. S. pseudolaevis Oetting. in Acta H. Bot. Juriev. X (1910) 15;
Ej.in Fl. cauc. crit. f.42 (1915) 38.— S.laevis var.pseudolaevis
IDIMSlle Ge liraaslas. ll, Gs, HO, it, C- i

Perennial, loosely cespitose; cauline shoots elongated, strongly
lignifying, loosely leaved withold leaves, bearing broad, rather sparse
rosettes of live leaves; flowering stems ribbed, hairy, mainly in upper
part, 2—5 cm high, leafy; rosette leaves oblong-spatulate, nearly flat,
slightly keeled below, conspicuously longitudinally veined, lustrous, slightly
fleshy,mucronate, cartilaginous on the margin, with small prickles,
5—9-pitted, 5-7 mm long, 2—4 mm broad; cauline leaves appressed to
stem, oblong-obovate, 4-10 mm long, 3—4 mm broad, mucronate, ciliate in
lower part; inflorescence oval, paniculate-capitate, 5—6 -flowered; pedicels
Short, hairy; calyx glabrous, dissected to the middle, the sepals broadly
oval, sometimes slightly dentate, with conspicuous nerves converging toward
the apex; petals twice as long as sepals, obovate, often emarginate, narrowing
to conspicuous claw, yellow, 3.5—4.5 mm long, 5-nerved; stamens slightly
longer than petals; ovary subspherical, with long divergent styles.
July — August. (Plate XI, Figure 5).

Limestone and stony soils in the alpine zone. — Caucasus: Cisc.
(El'brus-Kazbek region). Endemic. Described from "Iberia.'' Type in
Leningrad.

67. S.scleropoda Somm. et Lev. in A.H. P. XIII, 2 (1894) 186; Oettingen,
me. 46; Engl iet Irmschs 1.2) 556)—S.jiuni pier itfio Lia varsba aleve:
phylla Boiss. Fl. Or. II (1872) 803.— Ic.: Somm. et Lev. in A. H. P. XVI
(1900) tab. XVII. — Exs.: Somm. et Lev., Iter. cauc., No. 496.

Perennial, loosely cespitose, with vertical columnar, woody cauline
shoots densely covered with reclinate or horizontally spreading leaves;
flowering stem to 5cm high, hairy; leaves imbricate, linear -ligulate, flat
or Slightly keeled, bluntly acuminate, mucronulate, cartilaginous on the
margin, ciliate-dentate, with 1 upper pit (rarely several pits on the margin),
7—8 mm long, 1—1.5 mm broad, the upper leaves light green, the old lower
leaves bright rufous, the cauline colorless, acute, petiolate, appressed to
stem; inflorescence paniculate, ovoid; pedicels 2—3 mm long, in axil of

INghil

148

192

bract, with bracteole at base or mid-length of calyx; calyx ovoid-globose,
dissected to the middle, 10-nerved, the sepals 2mm long, light green, oval,
ciliate-margined; petals oblong-cuneate, yellowish, 3—5 mm long, 1 -nerved;
stamens slightly longer than petals; ovary with long, divergent styles.
June.

Alpine zone rocks. Caucasus: E.and W. Transc., @iser (Teberda).
Endemic. Described from the Teberda River. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Var.nivalis Somm. et Lev.,l.c.,(var.Sommieri Engl.
et Irmsch., l. c., 557) is densely cespitose, with smaller leaves covering
more densely the cauline shoots. Sommier et Levier report that
S.scleropoda also produces a form with whorled leaves which
Oettingen separates as a variety, writing that it occurs more often than
the typical form; lack of material and observations concerning variation
under various ecological conditions make it impossible to draw any
conclusions.

68. S.abchasica Oetting. in Acta H. Bot. Juriev. VIII (1907) 88; Ej.in
Fl. cauc. crit. f. 42 (1915) 45.— S:seleropoda var,abchasica (Oett.)
Belt ehricmseh. gilac).) 550,

Perennial, densely cespitose; short lignifying cauline shoots densely
covered with imbricate leaves; flowering stem glandular-pubescent,
ca. 4—5 cm long, leafy; leaves in approximate whorls, glaucous, oblong -oval,
fleshy, keeled, with thin, cartilaginous margins, mucronate, with small
prickles in lower half,1- or 3—5-pitted, 0.5—0.6 mm long, 1 mm broad;
cauline leaves small; inflorescence oval, paniculate; calyx campanulate,
glandular, with oval sepals; petals more than twice as long as calyx,
sublinear, 2 (?)-nerved, 4mm long; stamens as long as petals; styles
elongated. July— August. (Plate XI, Figure 3).

Limestone rocks. — Caucasus: W. Transc. (Abkhazia). Endemic.
Described from Mt. Shmek in Abkhazia. Type in Leningrad.

69. S.caucasica Somm. et Lev. in A. H. P. XIII, 2 (1894) 188; Oettingen,
l.c., 38; Engl. et Irmsch., 1. c.,552.— Ic.: Somm. et Lev. in A. H. P. XVI
(1900) tab. XVII.

Perennial; tuft flat; cauline shoots erect, densely covered with
imbricate leaves; flowering stems 2.5—3 cm high, glabrous, leafy; leaves
on cauline shoot erect, not firm, flat above, keeled below, narrowly lanceolate,
mucronate, tapering downward, cartilaginous on the margin, smooth,
sometimes scabrous or short-dentate in lower part, sometimes 2—4 -pitted
on the margin, 5-9 mm long, 1—2 mm broad; cauline leaves elliptic, acute
or ligulate, yellowish, often reddish, ciliate-dentate; inflorescence a
5—7 -flowered corymb; calyx glabrous, yellowish, with erect, oval, acuminate
sepals, 1.5—2 mm long, 1.5mm broad, rarely mucronate; petals cuneate, -
obovate, long-clawed, 2.5—3 mm long, 0.8—1 mm broad, yellow, 3-, less often
1-nerved; stamens 4—5 mm long; pistils as long as stamens, dissected to
the middle into styles. August — September.

Mountain passes, slopes. — Caucasus: Cisc., W. Transc. (El'brus region).
Endemic. Described from the Klukhori Pass.

70. S.desoulavyi Oetting. in Acta H. Bot. Juriev.X (1910) 16; Ej. in Fl.
cauc. crit. f.42 (1915) 47.

149

193

Perennial, densely cespitose; cauline shoots densely leafy, with
inconspicuous whorls; flowering stem leafy, with long white hairs; leaves
convex below, with 2 light green grooves above, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate,
mucronate, cartilaginous ~ciliate on the margin below, scabrous above, ;
4—6 mm long, 5~—7-pitted; cauline leaves narrower, tapering to petiole;
inflorescence paniculate, narrowly ovoid; pedicels ciliate, to 11 mm long,
in axils of narrowly lanceolate, mucronate, long-ciliate bracts; sepals
oval, ciliate, 3-nerved, converging above, 1 -pitted; petals oblong~-oval,
long-clawed, 1 -nerved, yellow,4—-5 mm long, 1.5 times as long as sepals;
stamens slightly longer than petals; ovary orbicular, with long, erect
styles longer than stamens. June— July.

Taluses, glacial moraines. — Caucasus: Cisc. (Balkariya), “. Transe.
(S. Ossetia). Endemic. Deseribed from Mt. Shtulu in Balkariya.

71, 8, kusnezowiana Oetting. in Acta H. Bot. Juriev. X (1910) 15;

Ej.in Fl. cauc. crit. f.42 (1915) 42.—S.juniperifolia var.
kusnezowiana (Oetting.) Engl. et Irmsch., l.c., 552.

Perennial; tuft pray-green, many -stemmed, with semilignified imbricate -
leaved shoots; leaves oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, ciliate-margined only
in lower part, 5—7-pitted; flowering stem many-flowered; pedicels
glabrous; calyx with glabrous, oval, ciliate sepals; petals oboval, tapering
to claw, 5-nerved (3, the two marginal nerves branching), as long as
stamens, twice as long as sepals; styles erect, as long as stamens. July.

Caucasus: W. Transc. Endemic. Described from the Mamison Pass.

Note. Ihave no material concerning this species at my disposal, nor
have I seen the type. Described by Oettingen after a single specimen,

72, S.carinata Oetting. in A. H. Bot. Juriev. VII (1908) 96; Ej. tne Puy
cauc. crit.42 (1915) 48; Engl. et Irmsch., l. c., 557.

Perennial, cespitose; shoots to 15¢m long, branching, densely covered
with leaf whorls (?),4.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, erect or arched-upeurved or
nodding; leaves linear, acuminate, mucronate, ciliate~margined to the
middle, with a single pit at the apex, always keeled; flowering stem
1-flowered; calyx glabrous, sepals oblong; petals 6 mm long, 2.5mm
broad, oblong-oval, tapering downward, about as long as stamens, yellow.
July.

Rocks, — Caucasus: Cisc. (Balkariya). Mndemic. Described from
Mt. Shtulu in Balkariya.

Note. I have seen no herbarium material concerning this species.

¥*73. 5S. kotschyi Boiss., Diagn. pl. nov., ser. 2, If (1856) 65; Fl. Or. II
(1872) 804; Engl. et Irmsch.,1l.¢c.,559; Oettingen, l.c.,41.— Ic.: Bot.
Mag. tab. 6065.— Exs.: Siehe, Bot. Reise, No. 332; Manissadjian, Pl. or.,
No. 829; Bornmiller, Pl. exsic. Anatol. or., No. 1054.

Perennial, densely cespitose; shoots short, densely imbricate-leaved;
flowering stems 4—8 cm high, ribbed, glandular-pubescent, leafy; leaves
on shoots coriaceous, keeled, with small groove above, oblong ~-oval, slightly
tapering downward, acuminate, glaucous, the old leaves blackish, glabrous,
smooth, cartilaginous on the margin, 7-9-nerved, ciliolate in lower part,
4-8mm long, 2-3 mm broad; cauline leaves spatulate or cochlear,

150

tapering to petiole, smaller; inflorescence corymbiform-paniculate;
pedicels broadening upward, of various length, from 2-3 mm (the upper)
to 1.5¢em (the lower), densely glandular, in axils of oblong=linear bracts;
calyx with narrowly triangular sepals, 1.5—-2,5mm long, glabrous or else
glandular in lower part; petals oblong, cuneate, 3-5 mm long, 2—2.5 mm
broad, 3-nerved, yellow; stamens slightly longer than petals; ovary oval,
glandular, with erect styles, equal to stamens. June July.

Rocks in the alpine zone. — Caucasus: possibly in W.and 8. Transc.
(known from the former Kars Region). Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd , Iran.
Described from the Cicilian Taurus. Type in Geneva.

194 y ;

74, S.alberti Rel. et Schmalh. im A. H. P. V (1877) 569; Engl. et Irmsch.,

TGs, 000.

Perennial, compactly and pulvinately cespitose; shoots reduced, columnar,
densely imbricate-leaved, semilignified; flowering shoots 2-5 em high,
densely glandular; leaves of cauline shoots oblong, keeled below, thickened
at the apex, coriaceous and strong, with cartilaginous margin and prominent
limy bloom, 3—5-pitted, ciliate in lower part, 3-4 mm long, 1—1,5 mm broad;
upper leaves cochlear, thinner, tapering to petiole, densely glandular;
inflorescence a corymb of 4 or 5 flowers; pedicels and calyx densely
glandular; sepals oblong-oval, ciliate-margined; petals more than twice
as long as calyx, white, 3-nerved, broadly oval, obtuse, clawed; stamen
about half as long as petals; pistils with short styles as long as stamens.
July — August. (Plate XI, Mipure 6),

Rock crevices, near glaciers. — Centr. Asia: T.Sh., Pam.-Al. Endemic.
Described from the Kara-Bura Pass in the Aleksandrovskii Range. Type
in Leningrad,

Note. One specimen without flowers, with very small, narrow
leaflets, very thick shoots, less densely leafy, was collected by Korzhinski,
in the Pamir from the shores of Lake Kara~Kul; this is undoubtedly an
independent species, but lack of material renders it impossible to give
a complete description,

75. S.columnaris Schmalh.in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. X (1892) 288,
tab. XVII, f. 8-12; Oettingen, l.c.,48; Engl. et Irmsch., 1. c., 590.

Perennial, loosely and pulvinately cespitose; shoots elongated, lignified,
columnar, densely imbricate-leaved; flowering stems glandular, to 1 cm
high, 1 -flowered, with 1 or 2 leaves; leaves of cauline shoots glaucous,
subtriangular in section, obtusely keeled below, slightly concave above,
with reflex apex, obtuse, ciliate in lower half, 3mm long, 1 mm broad,
5-pitted, with limy bloom; flowers erect; calyx glandular, with obtuse,
oval sepals, 2 mm long; petals white, many~-nerved, broadly oval, tapering
downward, 8-10 mm long,4—5 mm broad; stamens shorter than petals;

197 styles 4mm long; ovary subspherical. June July. (Plate XI, Figure 1).

Rocks. — Caucasus: Cisc. (Balkariya). Endemic. Described from the

vicinity of Tekhan-su in Balkariya. Type in Leningrad.

76, S.dinnikii Schmalh. in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. X (1892) 288,
tab. XVIII, f.6—7; Oetting., l.c.,48; Engl. et Irmsch.,1.c., 571.

Perennial, densely, compactly, and pulvinately cespitose; shoots short,
densely leafy; flowering shoots 2—4 cm high, 1 -flowered, leafy, glabrous;

151

(195)

PLATE XI. 1. Saxifraga columnaris Schmalh., a) leaf, b) petal; 2

-S.dinnikii Schmath.

a) leaf; 3-S.abchasica Oett., a) leaf; 4—S.laevis M.B., a) leaf, b) flower; 5—S.pseudolaevis
Oett., a) leaf, b) flower;
a) leaf; 8 —

6—S.alberti Rgl.et Schmalh., a) leaf; 7—S.juniperifolia Adams,
S.subverticillata Oett., a) leaf; 9-— S.colchica Oetting, a) underside of leaf;
10—S.cartilaginea Willd, a) leaf; 11—S.kolenatiana Rgl., a) leaf.

a
tN

leaves of cauline shoots glaucous, bluntly keeled below, slightly elongated
above, thickish, linear-lanceolate, mucronate, 5-pitted, smooth on the
margin above, ciliate in lower part, with limy bloom, 3—6 mm long, 0.6-12 mm
broad, recurved; cauline leaves slightly smaller, eciliate; flowers erect;
calyx glabrous, often reddish like upper part of stem, with oval, obtuse
sepals 2mm long,1.5mm broad; petals yellow, 3-nerved, oblong-oval,
twice as long as sepals; stamens as long as petals; ovary oblong with
long styles exceeding stamens,5—7mm long. June— July. (Plate XI,
Figure 2).

Rocks. — Caucasus: Cisc.(Balkariya). Endemic. Described from
the vicinity of Tekan-su in Balkariya. Type in Leningrad.

Section 12. PORPHYRION Tausch, Hort. Canal. (1823) 1.— Anthy -
phylla Haw., Enum. Sax. (1821) 43 (sub gen.). Ovary sunken; flowers
large, pink; leaves opposite, with several lime-secreting pits, densely
covering perennial shoots. Plants forming large tufts.

77. S.oppositifolia L., Sp. pl. ed.I (1753) 402; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 204;

Engl. et Irmsch., l. c.,616; Kom., Fl. Kamch. I (1929) 219; Kryl., Fl.
Sib. Zap. VI (1931) 1428.— Anthyphylla oppositifolia (L.) Four.
in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon. Nouv. sér. XVI (1863) 386.— A.coerulea Haw.,

Enum. Sax. (1821) 43.—Ic.: L., Fl. Lap. 179, tab. 2, f.1.

Perennial; stems profusely branching, numerous, with ascending or
prostrate branches, densely imbricate-leaved, densely cespitose; leaves
opposite, oblong-obovate or subelliptic, entire, ca. 6mm long, 2.5mm
broad, obtuse and thickened at the apex,1-, rarely 3-pitted, flat above,
keeled below, glabrous, ciliate-margined, basally connate in pairs, the
leaves surrounding stem with a short sheath, decussate and closely
approximated; flowers at ends of branches, subsessile, solitary; calyx
dissected to ie with sparse hairs at base; sepals ovate, obtuse, ciliate-
margined; petals pink-red (violet in herbarium), obovate, tapering to claw,
10—11 mm long, 5—6 mm broad, 2—2.5 times as long as sepals, 5—7-nerved;
stamens shorter than petals and styles; ovary almost superior, with
long styles. July.

Stony slopes, rock crevices, rock streams, near glaciers. — Arctic:
Nov. Z., Arc. Sib., Chuk., An.; European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech. (N. part);
W. Siberia: Alt.; E.Siberia: Lena-Kol., Dau., Ang.-Say.; Far East:
Kamch., Okh.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T.Sh. Gen.distr.: Arc. Eur.,
Mong., China, Dzu.-Kash., Him., N. Am. Described from Spitsbergen.
Type in London.

Note. Engler separates subsp.asiatica (Hayek) Engl. et Irmsch.,

1. c., distinguished by its denticular leaves. This character is not always
maintained.

Specimens from Pamir-Alai are different, but they cannot be separated
owing to lack of material.

198

Section 13. DIPTERA (Borkh.) Engl. et Irmsch., 1.c.,645; Borkh. in
Roem., Neu. Mag. I (1794) 29 (sub gen.).— Ligularia Duwal, Pl. succul.
Hort. Alencon (1809) 11; Haw., Enum. Sax. (1821) 50.— Ovary free, oblong;

153

199

flowers zygomorphic, the lower 3 petals nodding, longer than the 2 upper;
flowers always nodding; leaves fleshy.

78. S.cortusifolia Sieb. et Zucc., Fl. jap. fam. nat. 1 in Acad. Munch. IV,
2 (1843) 190; Engl. et Irmsch., l. c., 648.— Ic.: Yatabe, Iconogr. FI. jap. I,

1 (1891) tab. 3=6.

Perennial; stem erect, 10—40cm long, leafless, glabrous or sparsely
hairy; radical leaves rather sparsely pubescent with rigid hairs; petioles
2—3 times as long as the blade; blade coriaceous, fleshy, rounded-reniform,
2—8 cm long, 3-11 cm broad, glabrous above, hairy below, 9—11-lobed, the
lobes rounded, obtusely crenate-dentate, mucronulate; inflorescence
corymbiform-paniculate, the branches long, ascending at an acute angle;
pedicels with small bracts, slender, glandular, 0.5—1.5cm long; flowers
zygomorphic; calyx with triangular, spreading sepals, 1.2—1.3 mm long;
petals varied, the lower 2 nodding, linear-lanceolate, 1—2 mm long,

1.5—2 mm broad, the 3 upper subelliptic or oblong-oval, twice as long

as sepals, subobtuse, short-clawed, all white or pinkish; stamens shorter
than petals; pistils with long erect styles; capsule oblong-ovoid.

July —September.

Moist, shady rocks.— Far East: Uss. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described
from Japan. Type in Berlin.

79. S. oblongifolia Nakai, Fl. Koreana in Journ. of College of Sc. of
Tokyo XXVI (1 909) 218, tab. 113; Engl.-et Irmsch., l.'c., 645.

Perennial; stem erect, branching, sulcate, to 20 cm high, covered with
slender glandular hairs, dense in upper part, with 1—2 leaves below
inflorescence; radical leaves petiolate, the blade oblong, oblong-oval, or
oval, light green, reddish below, 3—7 cm long, 2—5 cm broad, subtruncate
or cordate at base, broadly sinuate-dentate with apiculate teeth; leaves
glabrous above, glandular-pubescent below; petioles sulcate, glandular,
as long as or longer than the blade; inflorescence broad, spreadingly
paniculate; pedicels slender,glandular, 3-10 mmlong; flowers small;
calyx with triangular sepals, glabrous; petals yellow, oblong, 2mm long;
stamens with subulate filaments about as long as petals; pistils with short
recurved styles; capsule 3mm long. July.

Rock crevices, moist, shady gorges.— Far East: Uss. Gen.distr.:
N.Ch., Korea. Described from Korea. Type in Tokyo.

Genus 707. MITELLA * L.
L. Sp. pl. L. (1753) 406,

Flowers bisexual, 5-merous; calyx campanulate, with short tube and
5 divergent sepals; petals 5, pinnate, with thin lobes; stamens 10, with short
filaments and bilocular, cordate anthers; pistils with half-inferior ovary
and 2 short styles; capsule unilocular, many-seeded. Perennial herbs
with simple leaves.

* Diminutive from the word mitra, owing to the plant's likeness to a miter.

154

200

1. M. nuda L., Sp. pl. (1753) 406; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 228; Kryl., Fl. Zap.
Sib. VI, 1431; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I (1931) 609. —
Moacome it ol var et VMieretn itor miculvam:)) bneyel Neth. Tv. (n7ORugG, =
Piarella uniflora Retzius, Observ. bot. (1 783) 30.— Ic.: Lam., Ill.
tab. 373, f.2—3; Britton and Brown, Fl. Un. St.and Can. II, 181; Nekrasova,
TENG ANA TROIS tha hi IE

Perennial; rhizome long, slender, violet with brown scales; stem 8—10 cm
high, leafless or with 1 leaf, erect, covered — like pedicels and petioles —
with dense glandular hairs, glabrous at base, developing creeping, rooting,
pubescent shoots; radical leaves 2—6, with petioles of varying length,
reniform-cordate, 10—30 mm long, 15—45 mm broad, covered on both sides
with sparse white bristly hairs, unequally dentate; flowers ina simple,
terminal, longish raceme; pedicels 2—7 mm long, ebractate; calyx
patelliform, stellate, 5 mm in diameter, greenish brown, with 5 oblong or
ovate acuminate sepals, glandular on both sides; petals 4—5 mm long, twice
as long as sepals, reddish brown, pinnatisect into 8 or 9 filiform lobes;
stamens 10, with short filaments; pistils with divergent styles, shorter
than calyx; ovary sunken, yellowish; capsule 2.5mm long, 3.5 mm broad,
Ssubglobose, minutely glandular; seeds ovoid, black-brown, shining, 1 mm
long. June-July.

Moist, shady pine. forests. — W.Siberia: Alt., Irt.;Ob;\.E. Siberia: Yenis.,
Dena-Kol.;. Har East: Ze.-Bu., Uss.,.Uda,; Okh. ‘Gen. distr.:, Jap.-Ch:,;
N.Am. Described from N. America. Type in London.

Genus 708. CHRYSOSPLENIUM * L.
L. Sp. pl.(1753) 398,

Calyx 4-lobed, adnate to ovary at base, greenish or yellow; corolla
absent; stamens 8, rarely 4, with short filaments inserted on a glandular
perigynous disk; ovary almost inferior or half-inferior, with short styles;
capsule unilocular, dehiscing along longitudinal cleft. Perennials or
annuals with fleshy, glabrous or pubescent stems, with alternate or opposite,
incised or dentate leaves; radical leaves rosulate or absent, cauline leaves
few or absent, bracts usually differing from cauline and radical leaves,
surrounding corymbiform inflorescence, or else flowers solitary, sometimes
bracts not differing from cauline leaves.

Pe eauliimesicaves alternate OF aAbSENE .... elec. ev tyavel ee ese cc aleye. ewe e 2.
to erotine Leaves Opposweriis ja Cele hnwinl: wialc coatriss eRe wala. . 12.
MTU Si ee a wine el GR se Gem ey ERC OSV oa Cae eR ROT ss 3.
+ Stem leafless, with only radical leaves and bracts present....... aoe
3. Flowers inan inflorescence; bracts differingfromcaulineleaves ... 6.
moetlowers solianry, in leaf axils of stem forks: 2.0 abi eee. ta toler ss 4,
4, Plants developing creeping shoots; radical leaves not reniform or
Siceigsemti Mowers MMMM TOUS. aia lel cemaie cs sa setae Sie eeteta Maas a 5.
+ Plants developing short, creeping shoots; radical leaves reniform;
BMWS Stele OIG) sutaeiae! aketh eons |aeiSPts, stlethel a vesteherte toh eras te 8. C.komarovii A. Los.

* From the Greek chrysos, gold and splen, spleen, referring to the golden flowers and to the use of the
plant against spleen diseases,

155

201

202

5. eaves lobates radicalmleavesiiumerousie.y s\n 9. C.sedakovii Turcz.
+ Leaves dentate; radical leaves absent... 11. C.tianschanicum Krassn.
6. Radical leaves absent; cauline leaves oval, dentate’ ....... 50.0.4.
5 eh REET ee SEITEN BF eT SRT RR 10. C.ovalifolium M. B.
+ Radical leaves numerous; cauline leaves reniform and lobate .... to
i. "Plants not siving rise to sterile Shoots ". /0 5 + « «6 sna) aie aetna 8.
+ Plants with sterile creeping shoots arising in axils of radical
HIE CCK ORGS Con SRAM RSLS nme ce NarA SOMA cen bite colt otal omg SO ore OMG Iolo kari oo toc HO}
She SUMS HIS BH Ae Lay eee, Tae le eT ig ee a ae et ee ee og:
BS SHASIS TAN Yoihcie: Me eee eae ie he 4, C.tetrandrum (Lund.) F. Fries.
OF MSSM AUISHERSSTMSIIN A HENAN Recon. iiate an enaenert ul Pian Mattoo 3. C.alternifolium L.
+Y GSS palslilae my weny eee Hew calen ee ctoemretls em hilt oes 5. C.beringianum Rose.
10. ‘Stem LO=25'em high: shoots longer than! ster) 2. sei mike alee ae
URS ES: US RCE ARES Sp anes Pa RS 3 6. C.flagelliferum F. Schmidt,
fy Siem o—Jiem highs “shootsishorter than) Stems.) cit 7. C.filipes Kom.
11. Stem glabrous; leaves deeply dissected into subquadrate, rounded
LOSS GRR CORT CP RCO GON, He Gud Saat Ahr e eC UeneaR Steg eet 1. C.nudicaule Bee.
+ Stem pubescent with long rufous hairs in lower part and below the
inflorescence; leaves corymbiform, shallowly incised into 5—7
OSS RAINE: Wer IUR cle cates. eaeeman pees! Aes SOE 3. C.peltatum Turcz.
L200 Plants “quitter ela rowis \ic. Beh... 2s TAN Ge iy os) SR. Pee, 13.
+ Plantsimoretoriless pubescent.) < cmeia salts ‘uti or clita. icelch «ganna nennn ee
13. Stems erect, with creeping sterile shoots arising in axils of lower
and) radicalwleavics om rootne ShoOtsialbSien twa). ecccie 1s) oitsinchiantaneneeneente 14,
+ Stems prostrate, branching, rooting at the nodes, with erect flowering
STO OES Sahai" sh ra a ANSE Fale WELRV ARS! Gaia t ial al alone Cnn UIC alien chat ne 1G:
14, Flowering stem with one pair of leaves in lower part or leafless;
leaves inconspicuously dentate or subentire; sterile shoots not
POOPIE? HAEME SLUSONS Pe RRR (a aU dD alee: We le 15. C. kamtschaticum.
he blowering stem Leatys Meaw esicemblatGn jail ssn suninn uel) aural mrenne wind alo:
15, Sterile shoots shorter than stem, their terminal leaves not differing
from all the others; seeds glabrous, Ssmooth.... 14. C.sinense Maxim.
+ Sterile shoots longer than stem; terminal leaves much larger than
allthevothers;! seeds) covered! withismalllpapillac <5 syle cy ens ennenen
Ot) Wh LEADS OBR AAC SMIAENES cht 1) hr rik y ala 16. C.trachyspermum Maxim.
16. Flowers cyathiform, erect, long-pediceled ..... 17. C.rimosum Kom.
+) lowers patellitorm,;short>pediGeled tn.) syissnuees « 18. C.dubium J. Gay.
17. Flowers flat; disk red. Puberulent plants; stem branching in lower
POGUE Gils Oh ea Sale iWhee Sip nd oh lala ade s elsibco WH ARRRAM Oe MeiOls Me Meas 12, C. ramosum Maxim.
+ Flowers campanulate-infundibular or campanulate-cyathiform.
Denselyspubescent plants... ws eg ee 6 ie el eo ele oy ee 5 dei
18. Entire plant pubescent with white hairs, only the bracts subglabrous,
PDRSSM eV Sh aked STIRS SS SE oh I es ae 13. C.pilosum Maxim.
+ Plant pubescent with rufous hairs; flowering stems glabrous; bracts
glabrous ryellowishtemeeis isn. tare lel cileteyietle 19, C.baicalense Maxim.
1, C.nudicaule Bge. in Ldb., Fl. Alt. II (1830) 114; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 226;
Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI, 1432. — Ic.: Ldb., Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. tab. 405; Nekrasova

in Fl. Az. Ross., No. 7 (1915) 2.

156

203

Perennial; rhizome creeping, thick, with numerous root fibers; stem
leafless, succulent, glabrous, erect, sulcate, 5-25 cm high; radical leaves
long-petioled, about as long as stem, rounded-reniform, paler below,
glabrous or with sparse bristles, incised to /,—/ into subquadrate,
rounded lobes, sometimes broadening in upper part, the blade 1.5—5 cm
broad, 1—3cm long; bracts smaller, short-petioled, flat or slightly truncate
at base, with fewer lobes; flowers 5—15, infundibular, crowded into a
corymb, subsessile, 6-7mm in diameter; sepals green, incised to the
middle into broad, quite truncate, erect lobes, twice as long as broad;
stamens 8, slightly shorter than calyx; disk yellowish, 8-lobed; capsule
widely dehiscing by obtuse, rufous valves; seeds 1 mm long, ovoid, black,
glabrous, shining. Fl. May—June; fr. June-July. (Plate XII, Figure 2).

Shady banks of mountain rivers and streams, in the alpine zone,
sometimes occurring below the timberline. — W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia:
Ang. -Say., Yenis.; Centr. Asia: T.Sh., Dzu.-Tarb. Gen.distr.: Mong.,

‘China. Described from the Altai. Type in Leningrad.

2. C.peltatum Turcz., Catal. Pl. No. 503 (1837), Enh he ae. teleuisa,
464; Ldb., Fl. Ross.II, 226.— Ic.: Franchet, Monogr. in Nouv. Arch. Mus.
Ser. II (1890) pl. IVA; Nekrasova in Fl. Az. Ross., No.7 (1915), Fig. 5.

Perennial; rhizome creeping, with sparse root fibers; stem 5—10 cm
high, erect, covered in lower part and below inflorescence with sparse
long rufous hairs; leaves all radical or bracts; petioles of radical leaves
broadening toward base, covered with long rufous hairs, inserted to
center of blade,1—3 cm long; blade somewhat fleshy, peltate-reniform,
glabrous above, sparsely hairy below, lighter, 4—8 cm long, 5-10cm
broad, shallowly incised into 5—7 rounded subobtuse lobes; inflorescence
condensed, corymbiform, few-flowered; bracts rounded-ovate, smaller
than radical leaves, cuneate, 3—5-lobed, the lobes slightly acuminate or
subobtuse, shallowly incised; pedicels 1mm long; flowers infundibular,
open; sepals greenish yellow, broadly ovate, rounded above or slightly
obtuse, 1.5mm long, 1.5—2.5 mm broad; disk pale green, convex, with very
prominent lobes; stamens 8, slightly shorter than sepals; ovary with
short divergent styles; capsule shorter and almost completely adnate
to calyx, slightly emarginate; seeds glabrous, smooth, shining, 0.75 mm
fons srl May June,’ fr, July.

Rock streams, river and stream banks, in alpine zone. — E. Siberia:
Ang.-Say. (Tunkinskie Belki [snow-capped mountains]). Gen. distr.:
Mong. Described from the Tunkinskie Belki, Dzhokoi River, Nukhu-Daban
Pass. Type in Leningrad.

3. C.alternifolium L., Sp. pl. ed. I (1753) 398; Ldb., Fl. Alt. IL (1830)
115; Fl. Ross. II, 226; Shmal'g., Fl.1, 356; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI, 1433;
Kom., Fl. Kamch. II, 220; Kom.and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya, I
(1931) 609.— C.nivale Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv. (1866) 241.— Ic.:
Nekrasova in Fl. Az. Ross., No.7 (1915), Fig.6; Rchb., Ic. Fl. Germ. et Helv.
XXVI (1898) 129.— Exs.: Pl. Finl. Exs., No. 259.

Perennial; rhizome slender, pale brown, with numerous root fibers; stem
solitary, less often several, erect, glabrous or with sparse white or rufous
hairs in lower part, 5—15 cm high, with 1—3 alternate leaves; leaves

157

204

somewhat fleshy, light green, paler below, rounded-reniform, sometimes
subquadrate, with deeply cordate base, shallowly incised on the margin
into rounded or subquadrate lobes, covered on both sides with sparse
hairs or glabrous; radical leaves few, 7-25 mm long, 10—35 mm broad, with
petioles to 5cm long; cauline leaves smaller, short-petioled, with flatter
base or even cuneate; bracts 4—15 mm in diameter, yellowish, with fewer
lobes, sometimes entire, broadly cuneate, with broad, glabrous petioles
1—2 mm long; inflorescence flat-corymbiform; flowers numerous, with
petioles 1mm long, elongating in fruit; sepals ovate, flat lobes, golden-
yellow inside, 1.5—2 mm long; disk fleshy; stamens 8, shorter than

calyx; styles short; capsule as long as calyx, with broad and rather small
notch; seeds oblong-ovoid, glabrous, smooth and lustrous. Fl. April—
June, fr. May —July.

Moist and shady sites, among shrubs in flood meadows, on banks of
rivers, streams, and lakes in the Arctic and forest zones; Arctic: Nov. Z.,
Are. Eur., Arc. Sib. ; (European parts karilap., Ove Pech. sllad,. lin eellemver
V.-Kama, V.-Don, M. Dnp., L. Don (N. part); CAmeaAsguSs Cisie., 125 ata WY.
Transc.jW. Siberia: Ob, (Ur@obs wet Alta; (Hs Siberia WY Cnc eau ao eaiier
Lena-Kol., Dau.; Far East: Kamch., Okh., Uda, Uss., Ze.-Bu. Gen. distr.:
Arc., Centr. Eur., Scand., Jap. -Ch., Mong., N. Am., Bal.-As. Min. Described
from Switzerland. Type in London.

4. C.tetrandrum (Lund) Th. Fries, Bot. Not., No. 12 (1858) 193. —
C.alternifolium var.tetrandrum Lund ex Malmgren in Bot. Not.,
No. 3 (1846) 39,78; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI, 1433.

Perennial, glabrous, sometimes the young radical leaves short-hairy;
stem erect, 5—15 cm high, succulent, leafy; radical leaf petioles 2—3 times
as long as blade, rounded-reniform, with cordate base, broader than long,
10—15 mm broad, 6—12 mm long, with 5—9 rounded-oval or subobtuse lobes;
cauline leaves smaller, 3—5-lobed, with shorter petioles; bracts trilobate,
cuneate; inflorescence condensed, corymbiform, few-flowered; pedicels
1—1.5 mm long; calyx greenish yellow, with oval-triangular sepals;
stamens 4; disk greenish, 4-lobed; styles erect, short; capsule as long as
calyx, with broadly oval obtuse lobes; seeds shining, smooth, glabrous,
light brown. June— July.

Stream and river banks in the tundra. — Arctic: Arc. Eur., Nov. Z., Arc.
Sib. Gen.distr.: Ber.,N. Am. Described from Scandinavia.

5. C.beringianum Rose in Bot. Gaz. 23 (1897) 275; Hulten, Fl. oj Kamtch.
III (1929) 32.— Ic.: Macoun, Pl. Pribil. Isl. III (1899) tab. 9.

Perennial; rhizome 2.5 — 5cm long, creeping, giving rise to many long,
fibrous roots; stems few, 2.5—5 cm high, glabrous, leafless, less often
bearing 1 leaf each; radical leaves in a dense rosette; blade pale and
glabrous below, dark green and slightly hairy above, reniform, 6-11 mm
long and as broad, with 4 or 5 glandiferous teeth; petioles slender, slightly
broadening downward, 1.5—4.5 cm long, with long violet hairs on the margin
(especially in lower part); bracts entire or trilobate; flowers violet,
sometimes green at beginning of anthesis; sepals suborbicular; disk
very fleshy, deeply incised into 8 lobes; fruiting calyx growing and
becoming tubular; capsule bilobate; seeds oblong, 0.5 mm long, shining,
finely reticulate. July.

158

205

206

Volcano slopes. — Far East: Kamch. (Klyuchevskaya Sopka). Gen. distr.:
Ber., Alaska. Described from the shores of Saint Paul Harbor. Type in
New York.

*C. wrightii Franch. et Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. II (1879) 356 in adnot.; Kom.,
Fl. Kamch. II (1929) 221.— Ic.: Franch. Monogr. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. 3-e
ser. Pl. V,13; Nekrasova in Fl. Az. Ross., No.7 (1915), Fig. 7.

Perennial; stem erect, covered with rufous hairs; leaves succulent,
3—7 cm in diameter, orbicular, dentate, with cuneate base, rufous -hairy
on the margin; radical leaves with long petioles, the bracts short-
petioled, all petioles pubescent; inflorescence few-flowered; flowers
subsessile; calyx green, with orbicular sepals; disk thin, with 8 obscure
lobes; stamens 8; capsule as long as calyx; seeds glabrous, narrow,
smooth.

Note. Collected by Wright, a member of the Reinhold and Rodgers
expedition, probably on the west coast of Kamchatka; there is no precise
data as to where the specimen was collected; this species has been
included in the Flora of Kamchatka on the basis of that single specimen;
the type is preserved inthe Paris Museum. V.L.Komarov is doubtful as
to the occurrence of this specimen in Kamchatka, for nobody else has found
it there. Hulten (Fl. Kamch. III (1929) 35) puts forward the hypothesis
that this species was collected in Sakhalin, Hokkaido, or the Kurile Islands,
and excludes it from the Flora of Kamchatka. On account of these indefinite
views, it seems risky to include C.wrightii Franch. et Sav.in the Flora
of the USSR.

6. C. flagelliferum F. Schmidt, Reise in Amurl. und Sachal. (1868) 134;
Tr. Sib. Eksped. (1879) 146; Kom., Fl. Manch. II (1904) 426; Kom.and Alis.,
Opred. rast. Dal'nevost., kraya I (1931) 609.— Ic.: Franch. Monogr. in Nouv.
Arch. Mus. 3 Sér. (1890) II, Pl. III; Nekrasova in Fl. Az. Ross. No.7 (1915),
Bag. LOR

Perennial, with creeping, branching, leafy shoots, with terminal rosettes,
rooting at the nodes; flowering stems 2—3, to 20 cm high, tetragonal, reddish,
sparsely pubescent with reddish hairs, pseudo-dichasially branching in
upper part; radical and cauline leaves thin, paler below, rounded-reniform,
glabrous or minutely hairy, with obtuse, rounded, glandiferous teeth on the
margin; radical leaves ca.5cm long, 6cm broad, the petioles longer than
the blade, pubescent with rufous or whitish hairs, broadening downward,
ciliate; cauline leaves alternate, 1—2 cm in diameter, palmatisect, entire
at base or slightly cuneate, short-petioled; bracts smaller than cauline
leaves, oblong, somewhat oblique, 3—5 -lobed, glabrous, cuneately tapering
to short glabrous petiole; flowers few, open, flat, subsessile in stem forks
and in axils of upper leaves, forming an inflorescence composed of 2
peduncles; sepals dissimilar, the largest rounded-rhomboid or oval-
rhomboid with recurved margins, 1.5mm long, 1mm broad, all sepals
yellowish; stamens 8, with minute filaments; disk greenish, obscurely
8-lobed, fleshy; ovary sunken, with 2 erect styles slightly longer than
stamens; capsule widely dehiscing by oval lobes; seeds shining, smooth,
sometimes covered with slight pubescence. Fl. May, fr. June. (Plate XII,
Figure 4). ;

159

07

Mixed moist forests, on moist soils, often along streamlet banks. —
Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss., Sakh. Gen.distr.: Mong., Jap.-Ch. Described
from the Bureya Range. Type in Leningrad.

7. C. filipes Kom. in Fedde Repert. sp. n. IX (1911) 393; Kryl., Fl.
Zap. Sib. VI, 1435.— Ic.: Nekrasova in Fl. Az. Ross., No. 7 (1935), Fig. 9.
Perennial, glabrous, delicate; rhizome slender, long; stem 2—9 cm

high, slender, weak, not branching, leafless or with 2—3 small leaves,
giving rise to sterile creeping shoots below; radical leaves thin, the
blade longer than or as long as petiole, reniform or orbicular, slightly
tapering toward base, with 4 or 5 rounded glanduliferous teeth on the
margin, 4—8 mm long, 6-10 mm broad, paler below; cauline leaves alternate,
very small, cuneate; bracts larger than cauline leaves, short -petioled;
inflorescence 3—5 -flowered, the pedicels 0.5—1 mm long; sepals greenish,
orbicular or rounded-ovate, 0.8—1 mm long, 1—1.3 mm broad; stamens 8,
with short filaments; disk fleshy, green; ovary not sunken, with divergent
styles; seeds brown, dull, covered with minute villi. Fl. May, fr. June.
Mountain forests, shady, moist stream banks, rock crevices. —
W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. Endemic. Described from the
Kulumys Range. Type in Leningrad.

8. C. komarovii A. Los. sp. nova in Addenda VII, p. 374.

Perennial; stem 2—5 cm high, slender, glabrous, giving rise to few
slender, short, curved shoots toward end of anthesis, with a terminal
rooting rosette; radical leaves rosulate, reniform, coarsely crenate-
dentate, with glanduliferous teeth, glabrous below, glaucescent, covered
with minute bristly hairs above, somewhat fleshy, 0.5—1.5 cm long,
shorter than broad; cauline leaves 1 or 2, alternate, smaller than the
radical, with cuneate base and smaller teeth; bracts glabrous, smaller
than cauline leaves, cuneate, trilobate; flowers solitary, with 1—1.5mm
long pedicels, 1 or 2 on stem in axils of bracts, flat; sepals greenish,
oval-triangular; disk very slightly protruding, not fleshy, dull, 1 mm
long; stamens with yellow anthers and minute filaments; ovary sunken;
styles erect. July.

Among stones, along mountain streams; in forests.— Far East: Uss.
(Suputinka). Endemic. Described from the Suputinka River. Type in
Leningrad.

9. C. sedakowii Turcz., Fl. baic.-dah. I (1842) 464; Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc.
XVII, 273; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI, 1435.— rupifraga sedakowii Turez.
in sched. — Ic.: Franch., Monogr.in Nouv. Arch. Mus. 3-e sér. III (1890)

Pl. VIA. et Al; Nekrasova in Fl. Az. Ross., No.7 (1915), Fig. 8.

Perennial, slender, very delicate, quite glabrous; roots long, slender;
stem bearing at base a small reserve, wintering bud (bulbil) surrounded by
broadened petiole bases, filiform, branching, 5—lotemiuhiehyveatyswale
leaves similar, petiolate, with prominent veins, nearly twice as broad as
long, with slightly cuneate or slightly obtuse base, with 3—5 oval lobes;
cauline leaves alternate; petioles of various length, those of radical leaves
with fimbriate hairy stipules; flowers few, solitary, with pedicels to 3cm
long, nodding in fruit, in stem forks or in axils of upper cauline leaves;

160

sepals dingy white or greenish, rounded-oval, 1 mm in diameter, erect;
disk thin, pale green; stamens 4, rarely 8, shorter than sepals; ovary
orbicular, half-sunken; styles erect, shorter than stamens; capsule
slightly emarginate; seeds smooth, glabrous, ovoid, 4mm long. Fl. May,
ey aelares=— Ol 7s (Plate XII, Figure du);

Moist shady sites (under rocks, boulders, etc.), taiga dominated by
Abies sibirica,and sparse deciduous forests.— W. Siberia: Alt.
(Lake Teletskoe); E. Siberia: Ang.-Say.,Dau. Gen.distr.: N. Mong.
Described from the vicinity of Nerchinsk. Type in Leningrad.

10. C. ovalifolium M. B.ex Bunge in Ldb., Fl. Alt. II (1 680) d 1534 1-dias,
Hl»Ross: il, 227; Kryl.; Pl. Zap. Sib. V1,14345 — les: Lidb. Je: pl. Fl. Ross.,
tab.474 (1834); Franch., Monogr. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. 3-e sér. III (1890)

Pl. VIB; Nekrasova, in Fl. Az. Ross., No.7 (1915), Fig. 4.

Perennial; rhizome creeping, rufous, with slender roots and with
brown scales above; flowering stem erect, curved or straight, 10-16 cm
high, finely sulcate, leafy; sterile shoots more densely leafy, straight,
20—25 cm high; radical leaves absent; cauline leaves alternate, green,
paler below, glabrous, elliptic, rounded-obovate or ovate, broadly cuneately
tapering to petiole, shorter than the blade, serrate -dentate, the teeth with
forward -bending tips, obtuse; leaves on shoots 1—4cm long, 0.5—2.5 cm
broad, those on flowering stem smaller; bracts similar to cauline leaves
but with fewer teeth; flowers in a branching corymb, with 0.5—4 mm pedicels;
sepals green, broadly ovate, obtuse, 1.5mm long; disk pale, fleshy;
stamens 8, shorter than sepals; capsule with acute divergent lobes; seeds
subglobose, 0.5mm in diameter, smooth, dull with short pubescence.

Fl. May —June, fr. July.

Spruce, Siberian stone pine, and fir forests (dominated by Abies
sibirica), not penetrating into mountains. — W. Siberia: Alt sa Sy olbeimiar:
Yenis. Endemic. Described from the Altai. Type in Leningrad.

11. C.thianschanicum Krassn., Opyt razvitiya Fl. Zap. Tyan'-Shanya,
Zap. R. G.O-va. XIX (1888) 132 and 137, Plate I; Descr. Pl. nov.in Scr.
Bot. II (1889) 16.

Perennial; roots thick, cordlike; stems bearing at base a large oval
reserve winter bud, 6—20 cm high, branching from the middle, leafy, the
leaves replaced in lower part by brown scales; radical leaves absent;
cauline leaves alternate, similar, pale green, paler below, thin, ovate or
broadly ovate, with cuneate base, serrate-dentate, 0.5—1.5 cm long and broad;
cauline leaves long-petioled; bracts and upper cauline leaves short -petioled;
flowers solitary, in stem forks and in axils of upper leaves, erect or nodding,
with slender pedicels to 20 mm long; sepals greenish, triangular-ovate, 2mm
long, 2.5—3 mm broad, 3-nerved, with acuminate lobes forming rounded notch
between adjacent sepals; stamens 8; disk fleshy, 8-lobed, yellowish; capsule
not longer than calyx, with short lobes; seeds oblong-ovoid, glabrous, smooth,
shining. Fl. July, fr. August. (Plate XII, Figure 3).

Moist rocks above the timberline. — Centr. Asia: T.Sh. Gen. distr.:
Dzu.-Kash. (Kuldja). Described from the Ak-Su River. Type in Leningrad.

12. C.ramosum Maxim., Prim. Fl. Amur. (1859) 121; Kom., Fl. Manch. II
(1904) 42; Kom. and Alis., Opr. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I (1931) 610. —

161

210

C.oppositifolium Trautv. und Meyer., Fl. ochot. (1856) 42 (non Cham.
et Schlecht.).—-C. yezoense Franch. et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. II (1879)

355 et 649.— Ic.: Franch., Monogr. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. 3-e Sér. IT (1890)
Piven:

Perennial; rhizome slender, creeping; stem opposite-branching from the
base or the middle, 6—20 cm high, slightly angular, pubescent with sparse
remote hairs, separating in upper part into 2 peduncles; lateral shoots
sterile, often longer than the flowering shoot, ascending or prostrate, rooting
at lower nodes; leaves opposite, their amplexicaul petioles pubescent
at base, the blade broadly rounded, blunted, slightly cuneate toward base,
7—8 mm long, 12—13 mm broad, serrate-dentate, with glandiferous teeth;
sterile shoots developing terminal rosettes of larger leaves; bracts smaller,
always glabrous, with slightly attenuate apex; inflorescence with subglabrous
branches; flowers in a corymb, 3—7 per peduncle, subsessile or sessile;
inflorescence quite flat; sepals green, broadly ovate-cordate, the 2 opposite
larger, hence the flowers somewhat elongated and oval in outline; large
sepals 1.5—2.5 mm long, 1.5—2 mm broad, small sepals 1—2 mm long, 1 mm
broad; stamens 8, with minute filaments; anthers orange; disk red, fleshy,
strongly convex, with 8 deep lobes; ovary flattened, half-sunken, with short
erect styles; capsule with ovate divergent lobes, widely dehiscing; seeds
oblong, glabrous, smooth, 0.5—1 mm long. Fl. May, fr. June. (Plate XII,
Figure 5).

Forests, river and stream banks. — Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss., Uda.

Gen. distras vap.-Ch. (Japan, Korea, Manchuria). Described from
De-Kastri Bay, near the village of Ngalmar. Type in Leningrad.

13. C.pilosum Maxim., Prim., Fl. Amur. (1859) 122; Kom., Fl. Manch. II,
424; Kom.and Alis., Opr. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I, 609. — Ic.: Franch. in
Nouv. Arch. Mus. 3-e Sér. III (1890) Pl. II D.—C.

Perennial; stems to 20cm high, numerous, branching fromthe middle,
tetragonal, densely covered with whitish, later rufous, horizontally spreading
hairs; in fallthe plant developing sterile creeping shoots with large
rooting rosettes; cauline leaves opposite, suborbicular, cuneate at base,
crenate, 0.5—1.5 cm in diameter, covered on both sides with scattered short
hairs, lighter below with transparent veins, the densely pubescent petioles
as long as the blade; leaves on sterile shoots to 4cm in diameter; bracts
glabrous, covered with sparse hairs on the margin, oval-rhomboid, oval or
oval-triangular, irregularly serrate-dentate, the smallest bracts entire, the
short petioles pubescent below and onthe margin; inflorescence consisting
of 2 branching peduncles each bearing up to 12 flowers, the largest first
flowers — always greener than the upper ones — usually in inflorescence
forks; pedicels of varying length; flowers patelliform; calyx connate to
the middle, the sepals semiorbicular, concave and reflexed-tipped, yellow-
green; stamens 8, shorter than calyx, the filaments slightly dilated toward
base; disk greenish, not convex, with 8 rounded lobes; ovary sunken,
rounded -oval, with erect style; capsule with dissimilar, arched-upcurved
acuminate lobes, twice as large as calyx; seeds ovoid, ribbed, tuberculate
along the ribs. Fl. May, fr. June.

Mixed forests, mountain valleys, riverbanks, mossy thickets, shore
sands.— Far East: Uss. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Manchuria, Korea, China).
Described from cliffs opposite the village of Tsyanka on the lower Amur.
Type in Leningrad.

162

Len

PLATE XII. 1—Chrysosplenium sedakowii Turcz., a) flower from the side, b) flower from above;
2—C,nudicaule Bge., a) flower; 3—C.thianschanicum Krassn., a) flower from above; 4 —
C.flagelliferum F.Schmidt, a) flower from the side, b) flower from above, c) leaf teeth and glands,
d) seed; 5— C.ramosum Maxim., a) flower from the side, b) flower from above, c) seed.

163

113

14. C.sinicum Maxim., Diagn. Pl. nov. asiat.in Mél. Biol. IX (1877) 769;
Kom., Fl. Manch. II (1904) 424; Kom.and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost.
kraya I (1931) 609.— Ic.: Franch., Monogr. in Nouv. Arch. 3-e sér. III
(1890) Pl. VI E.

Perennial; rhizome short, fibrous; stem erect, glabrous, 3-12 cm high,
in lower part developing sterile shoots arising from axils of lower and
radical leaves; leaves opposite, slender, glabrous, pale below, all leaves
denticulate-serrulate, the radical 2—3 cm long, 6-15 mm broad, oblong-
ovate, with cuneate base, short-petioled; cauline leaves 2 or 3 pairs in
terminal rosettes at tips of sterile shoots, orbicular, broadly cuneate or
slightly cordate, their petioles as long as or longer than the blade; bracts
yellowish, broadly elliptic, 7-12 mm long, 4—7 mm broad, short -petioled;
inflorescence composed of 2 short branches forming a globose corymb;
flowers few, subsessile; calyx campanulate, with orbicular subobtuse,
yellow sepals, one pair 2mm in diameter, the other opposite pair
1.5—2 mm long, 1—1.5 mm broad; stamens 8,as long as or shorter
than calyx; ovary sunken, with erect divergent styles; disk pale, not
fleshy, 8-lobed; capsule not exceeding calyx, with broadly ovate, acuminate,
lobes; seeds giabrous, smooth, ovoid, 0.75—1mm long. May.

Forests. — Far East: Ze.-Bu. (Bureya Range), Uss. (Barabash natural
boundary area). Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Manchuria, Kansu Province).
Described from Kansu Province. Type in Leningrad.

15. C.kamtschaticum Fisch. in DC., Prodr. IV (1830) 48; Ldb., Fl. Ross.
II, 227; Kom., Fl. Kamch. I (1929) 221. — C.oppositifolium Cham. et
Schlecht., Linnaea VI (1831) 557. — Ic.: Franch., Monogr. in Nouv. Arch.
Mus. 3-e sér., Il] (1890) Pl. IIc; Nekrasova in Fl. Az. Ross., No.7 (1915),
Big. 14.

Perennial; rhizome short; stem erect or slightly flexuous, leafless or
with 1 or 2 pairs of leaves, glabrous, branching in the inflorescence, 4—20 cm
high, developing short nonrooting sterile shoots with terminal rosette,
arising from axils of radical or cauline leaves; leaves firm, darker above,
glabrous, the radical rounded or broadly oboval, broadly cuneate, 7-15 mm
in diameter, obscurely dentate or entire-margined, with glabrous petioles
3mm long; cauline leaves opposite, flabellate, 7-8 mm long, 5—7 mm broad,
dentate in upper part, with petioles to 7mm long; rosette leaves of
sterile shoots orbicular, broadly cuneate or cordate, 5—15 mm in diameter,
short-petioled; bracts broadly obovate, crenate-dentate, I-18 mm long,
7—15 mm broad, with petioles to 5mm long; inflorescence condensed,
corymbiform, few-flowered; pedicels 1.5—5 mm long; flowers greenish;
sepals broadly oval, 1.5 mm; disk 8-lobed; stamens 9, shorter than calyx;
styles divergent; capsule deeply dissected, with unequal, arched-upcurved
lobes 2—3 times as long as calyx; seeds ovoid, narrowed toward the ends,
with a deep groove and 11—13 obtuse longitudinal ribs connected by slender,
approximate, transverse lines. June.

In shade, in stony beds of mountain-spring brooks, spring bogs with
stony bottoms, in groups and thickets. — Arctic: Arc. Sib., Chuk., An.;

Far East: Kamch., Sakh. Gen.distr.: Japan, Kurile Islands. Described
from Kamchatka. Type in Geneva.

164

214

16. C.trachyspermum Maxim., Diagn. Pl. nov. asiat. in Mél. Biol. XI
(1881) 226; Kom., Fl. Manch. IV (1904) 422. — Ic.: Franch., Monogr. in
Nouv. Arch. Mus. 3-e ser. III (1890) Pl. 1 B; Nekrasova in Fl. Az. Ross., No.7
(1915), Fig. 12.

Perennial; rhizome slender, short; stem erect, glabrous, 7-15 cm
high, leafy, developing in lower part ascending,leafy, sterile shoots rooting
at the nodes, with a terminal rosette of large leaves, the shoots as long as
or longer than stem; cauline leaves and bracts slender, delicate, glabrous,
with delicate, dark, branching veins; cauline leaves opposite, 2—4 pairs,
rounded -ovate, 6-10 mm long, 6—9 mm broad, slightly obtuse, serrate-
dentate, broadly cuneate, tapering to a glabrous petiole 3—12 mm long;
leaves at tips of shoots ovate, rounded-ovate, or oblong-ovate, cuneate,
serrate-dentate, entire in lower part, with rufous ciliate hairs at base,
the petioles 5—10 mm long in fall specimens, the leaves often firm; bracts
oblong-ovate, 10—15 mm long, 3—7 mm broad, dentate, tapering upward,
with short glabrous petioles; inflorescence a regular, globose corymb
with 2 or 3 short peduncles; flowers few, subsessile; pedicels elongating
in fruit to 5mm; calyx greenish, broadly campanulate, with orbicular or
rounded-quadrate concave lobes, 2mm long, 1.5mm broad; disk thin, pale;
stamens 8, shorter than calyx; styles divergent and protruding from calyx;
capsule with unequal, arched-upcurved, acuminate lobes twice as long
as calyx; seeds dark, smooth, shining, covered with small papillae, acuminate,
Ofo—-Os mmelons. (Fl. May; ir. June July:

Mixed shady moist forests; often forming thickets.— Far East: Ze.-Bu.,
Uss. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from the Bureya Mountains. Type
in Leningrad.

17. C.rimosum Kom. in Fedde, Repert. sp. nov. XIII (1914) 168; Kom.,
Fl. Kamch. II (1929) 222.

Perennial; rhizome creeping; stem ascending at base, erect higher
up, 5-10 cm high, glabrous, with prostrate shoots arising from axils of
lower leaves; sterile shoots rooting at the nodes, opposite -branching;
radical leaves rosulate, semiorbicular or flabellate, short-petioled, slightly
crenate; cauline leaves few, opposite, slightly cordate, subsessile, with
deeper teeth; leaves on sterile shoots numerous, the petioles half as
long as blade; all leaves glabrous, fleshy, light green, the blade 0.3-—1 cm
in diameter; bracts rounded-oval to oval, with fewer teeth, often obscurely
trilobate; inflorescence condensed, composed of 3—5 erect flowers;
pedicels 0.2—0.6 cm long; calyx campanulate, with green, oboval sepals,
2mm long; disk green, flat; capsule with erect lobes longer than calyx;
seeds dull, ovoid, rugose. August.

Pebbles, gravelly slopes, rocks, along streams in the alpine zone. —
Far East: Kamch. Endemic. Described from Kamchatka. Type in
Leningrad.

18. C.dubium J. Gay in DC., Prodr. IV (1830) 48.— C.macrocarpum
Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnaea VI (1831) 558; Boiss., Fl. Or. II (1872) 813;
Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II (1930) 24.— Ic.: Franch., Monogr. in Nouv. Arch. Mus.
3-e sér. III (1890) Pl. II D.— Exs.: Fl. cauc. exs., No. 93.

Perennial, completely glabrous; rhizome long, creeping; stem decumbent
or ascending, leafy, rooting at the nodes; flowering shoots ascending,

165

215

216

10—20 ecm high, leafy; leaves fleshy, paler below, opposite, petiolate,
elliptic, ovate, or obovate, rounded above, with rounded obtuse or cuneate
base, dentate; upper leaves of sterile shoots Suborbicular, to 2.5cm in
diameter, the lower half as long and broad; bracts 8mm long, rounded-ovate,
broadly cuneate; inflorescence branching into 2 corymbs; flowers
yellowish green, small, to 4mm in diameter; sepals spreading at anthesis,
oval, 2mm long; stamens as long as calyx; disk fleshy, 8-lobed, rufous;
styles short, erect; capsule with oblong lobes, twice as long as calyx;
seeds 1 mm long, broadly ovoid, with 15 longitudinal rows of clavate villi
(papillae and transverse lines between them). April— May.

Gorges, stream banks, on moist soils, in the shade. — Caucasus:
W.Transc. Gen.distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Bal.-As. Min., W. Med. (Italy).
Described from Asia Minor. Type in Geneva.

19. C. baicalense Maxim., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1879), No. 22; Kom.,
Fl. Manch. II (1904) 423.— Ic.: Franch., Monogr. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. 3-e
ser., III (1890), F1.2 A; Nekrasova, Fl. Az. Ross., No.7 (1915), Fig. 13.

Perennial; rhizome long, creeping, covered with brown fibers; stem
prostrate, sulcate, pubescent with long rufous hairs, with long, sterile, leafy,
rooting shoots; flowering stem erect, glabrous, usually leafless, to 12cm
high, light yellow, arising in forks of creeping shoots from leaf axils;
leaves opposite, orbicular, 15—30 mm in diameter, covered on both sides
and on the margin with sparse rufous hairs, coarsely but shallowly crenate,
with cuneate base, paler below, with petioles shorter than the blade;
bracts glabrous, light yellow-green, very obscurely crenate, slightly larger
than shoot leaves; flowers few, in an approximate corymb, campanulate-
infundibular; Sepals greenish, orbicular, opposite, dissimilar, the larger
2.9mm long, 3mm broad, the smaller 2mm long, 1.5mm broad; stamens
shorter than calyx; disk pale, not convex, 8-lobed; styles divergent;
capsule with acuminate lobes much longer than calyx; seeds slightly
shining, sulcate and verruculose, narrowed toward the ends. June—July.

Rock streams, balds, stream banks. — E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. Endemic.
Described from the Baikal shores, near the village of Kultuk. Type in
Leningrad.

Tribe 2. PARNASSIEAE S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. II (1821) 623 (fam.);
Engl. u. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III, 2a (1890) 66. — Carpels 3 or 4,
connate; styles absent or short. Fruit a 3- or 4-valved capsule with parietal
placentation.

Genus 709. PARNASSIA * L.
L.Gen.Pl.ed.V (1754) 133.

Perennial glabrous herbaceous plants with short rhizome, fibrous roots,
simple numerous or solitary stems, entire petiolate radical leaves and
sessile cauline leaves. Flowers white, solitary at the summit; calyx
of 5 free or fused lobes; petals 5; stamens 5, alternating with 5 stalked
palmate appendage-staminodes, divided into lobes and often glandiferous;
pistils with pyramidal or oval ovary and 3 or 4 sessile stigmas; capsule
unilocular, 3- or 4—valved; seeds numerous, attached to walls.

* This name was given due to the occurrence of this plant on Mt. Parnassus.

166

ley) Qeoremmwithel tonealeavess petals longerthanvealyx: vey wwe ie 2. 2.

+a, Stems leshlessspetalsvas tong asgor shorter thanicalyx 0g Ka.

Sy REIS NS EDIE ARIA ENS fh alec od she Sal 2. P. kotzebuei Cham. et Schlecht.
2. Calyx with free sepals; staminodes with numerous (6—23) filiform

SLAG Le rousr LOWSS Ye fohis UAE ai S TNE! tees ee aie Bee 1. P. palustris L.
+ Calyx connate at base or to the middle; staminodes bi- or

RAGE AEMASHED TAGE wale ele Fi ymatle wohen ton cheat ablated. 4 Shh SNUG ot 3.
3. Cauline leaves 2; staminodes bi-partite, eglandulose; calyx connate

0) | 6°25) Cares ol PE CI tC ae ee Le 3. P.bifolia Nekras.
a Cauline leaf solitary; staminodes tripartite; middle lobule witha

plands? calyxiconnate tothe middle “5.0 o8e 2). ate ek 4, P.laxmanni Pall.

1. P. palustris L., Sp. pl. ed. I (1753) 273; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 262;
Nekrasova, Fl. Az. Ross., No. 11 (1917) 20; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II (1929) 2 3;
Mei eieZap. Sib. Vi, 1436-1 Pci laiata’ Gilib., PI Lithyv (1782) 139. —
le)s' Nekrasova, l.c., Plate IILB (var.ussuriensis Kom.), Plate IX A
(var.tenuis Wahlb.).

Perennial, completely glabrous; stems solitary or few (to 15), erect,
not branching, faintly ribbed, 8-40 cm high; radical leaves oval with
cordate base, subobtuse, entire, with petioles to 7cm long, the blade to
4cm long, 3cm broad; cauline leaf 1, of same size and shape, sessile,
somewhat amplexicaul; flower solitary at the summit, 1.5—4cm in
diameter; calyx dissected to base; sepals oval-triangular-lanceolate or
lanceolate-linear, bluntly acuminate, always shorter than corolla; petals
5—15, white, with longitudinal yellowish brown or greenish nerves, ovate,
broadly -ovate or elliptic, obtuse or somewhat acuminate, cuneately tapering
toward base, 5—15 mm long, 4—12 mm broad; staminodes stalked, broadly -
oval, with 6—23 filiform glandiferous lobes; stamens equal, with thick
filaments tapering upward and with white bilocular anthers as long as
filaments; ovary ovate-pyramidal or ovate-rounded, white or reddish
with violet dots, with 4 sessile stigmas; capsule dehiscing by 4 valves;
seeds light brown, numerous, ellipsoid, 0.6mm long, with lighter border.
July — August.

Damp and boggy soils, banks of small river and streams. — European
part: all regions except Bl., Crim., rarely in the steppe zone; Caucasus:
all regions except Tal.; Siberia: all regions; Centr. Asia: Balkh.,
Dzu.-Tarb., T.Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen.distr.: Centr. Eur., Atl. Eur., Scand.,
Are) Eur., Med.; Bal.-As: Min., Mong.; Jap/-Ch.; Tib.; N..Am., Ber.
Described from Europe. Type in London.

Note. Very variable species; the following characters vary throughout
the distribution area: overall size of plant, size of leaves, shape of petals,
number of radical leaves, shape of cauline leaf and its position on stem,
number of staminode lobes. Different combinations of these characters
can be observed in various geographical regions, enabling the division
of the species into races. These races are connected by transitions; we
therefore prefer to call them forms rather than separate them as
independent species.

F.typica Trautv. in A.H.P. V,1 (1877) 29.— Cauline leaves broadly
ovate, with cordate, amplexicaul base; sepals oval-triangular, oval, with
rounded apex and numerous nerves; staminodes 9—13-lobed; ovary slightly
tapering into beak. Throughout the distribution area.

F.tenuis (Wahlb.) Nakras.,1l.c.,27.— P.tenuis Wahlb., Fl. Lap. (1812)
74,— P.multiseta Fernald in Rhodora 28 (1926) 211.— Radical leaves

167

‘218

few; cauline leaves oval, narrowly oval, and oval-lanceolate, lanceolate in
extreme forms, always obtuse and with somewhat oblique base; stems
elongated; sepals lance-linear, few-nerved; petals tapering upward,
5—7-nerved; staminodes 9—11-lobed; ovary elongated into beak. — Arctic:
Arce. Sib. to Kamch; E. Siberia: Lena-Kol., Dau; Far East: Ze.-Bu.

Gen. distr.: Arc. Eur., N. Am.

F.ussuriensis Kom. ex Nekras., l.c.,28.— Large, robust plants with
large flowers and coarse, nearly coriaceous leaves; cauline leaves usually
above the middle; stems solitary; staminodes 17—21-lobed; ovary
rounded -oval, not tapering into beak.— Far East: Uss., Ze.-Bu., Uda.

F.caucasica A.Los., f. nov.— Cauline leaves broadly ovate, acuminate,
cordate and amplexicaul at base, with 5 very prominent nerves; petals
oval, with pale nerves; staminodes 5—7-lobed; ovary rounded, not tapering
into beak. Caucasus.

In addition, note should be taken of a Polar-Arctic form, called by
V.L. Komarov in his herbarium for Kamchatka f.alpina, — it is the plant
described by Ruprecht in Beitr. Pflanz. Russ. Reich. II (1845) 23 as
P.obtusiflora —a low, stocky, shrubby plant with large flowers and
pale leaves.

2. P. kotzebuei Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnaea I (1826) 549; Ldb., Fl.
Ross. I, 264; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II (1929) 224.— P.parviflora var.
kotzebuei Engl., Bot. Jahrb. XIX (1895) 378, 473. — Ic.: Britton et Brown,
PlgotuN. Univ Sto UM, fyli854y eg) its Ail 4u7(1.94.3)).

Perennial; stem erect, 4-15 cm high, solitary, less often 4, slightly
ribbed; radical leaves 4 or 5, ovate, with cordate base or broadly cuneate -
tapering, acuminate, 8-12 mm long, 4-8 mm broad, the petioles as long as
or slightly longer than the blade, broadening into membranous sheath;
cauline leaves absent; flower solitary at the summit, broadly campanulate,
6—15 mm in diameter; calyx connate at base, the sepals lanceolate or
elliptic, 4—7 mm long, 3—5 -nerved, as long as or longer than petals; petals
white, with 3 light brown nerves and with numerous ferruginous dots,
elliptic, bluntly acuminate; staminodes much shorter than petals, yellowish
green, with 3 or 4 filiform lobes, one of which with a golden gland, the
other shorter and eglandulose; stamens as long as petals; filaments dilated
toward base; anthers light yellow; overy rounded-pyramidal, very light
brown, ferruginous-puncticulate, with 4 sessile stigmas; capsule 4-lobed;
seeds light brown withlighter border. August.

Boggy sites in the tundra. — Arctic: Arc. Sib., Chuk. Gen.distr.: Ber.,
N. Am. Described from the shores of Lavrentiya Bay.

3. P.bifolia Nekras.in Fl. Az. Ross., No.11 (1917) 39, Plate IV B.

Perennial; stem glabrous, usually solitary, less often 3 or 4, stems
10—50 cm high, faintly ribbed, slightly lustrous; leaves broadly ovate or
oblong -ovate, entire, slightly cordate, with rounded apex or acuminate,
1.5—5 cm long, 1—2 cm broad, paler below, 5—7-veined; radical leaves 4—12,
with petioles longer than the blade; cauline leaves 2, at middle or on
lower part of stem, approximate; leaves alternate, usually sessile, broadly
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, amplexicaul, the lower leaf always larger
than the upper; flower solitary, 1.5—3 cm in diameter, gaping; calyx connate
at base, the sepals shorter than petals, 5—11 mm long, 1—2.5 mm broad,
narrowly lanceolate, 3—5 -nerved, with an apical thickening; petals obovate,

168

219

220

9—20 mm long, 4—8 mm broad, cuneate, sometimes Sinuate-margined, with
5—7 very light brown nerves, ferruginous-puncticulate; staminodes shorter
than petals, greenish or rufous, 3-nerved, with 2 short parallel eglandulose
lobes thickened at the tips; stamens as long as calyx, with filaments dilated
toward base and yellowish anthers to 1 mm long; ovary brown, with 3 sessile
stigmas, unilocular; capsule brown, 3-lobed; seeds light brown, 1 mm long.
July — August.

Moist meadows in the Alpine zone. — Centr. Asia: T.Sh. Gen. distr.:
Dzu.-Kash. Described from the vicinity of Gucheng (T.Sh.). Type in
Leningrad.

4. P.laxmanni Pall. ex Schult., Syst. Veg. VI (1820) 696; cfr. Laxmann
in Nov. Acta Acad. Sc. VII, 52,241; Ldb., Fl. Ross. 1,264; Kryl., Fl. Zap.
SibsVivl4tac;s Nekrasova, lc.,o2.— P.tureZaninowil ado, Hl Rossel
(1842) 263.— P.ovata Turcz., Fl. baic.-dah. I (1842-1845) 193, non Ldb. —
Ic.: Laxmann, l.c., tab. V; Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XXXIV (1861) 2,
faa too.

Perennial, completely glabrous; rhizome short, cordlike, the roots
slender, not dense; stem solitary, less often 2 or 3 stems, 10—20cm
high; leaves ovate, obtuse, with quite truncate base, rarely slightly cordate,
cuneately tapering, entire, 0.7—-3 cm long, 0.5—2 cm broad; radical leaves
2—10, with petioles to 6cm long; cauline leaf 1, in lower part of stem,
sessile or short-petioled, similar in shape and size to radical leaves;
flowers campanulate, 8-15 mm in diameter; calyx dissected to the middle
into lanceolate, bluntly acuminate sepals, 3-5 mm long, 1—1.5 mm broad;
petals white, 8-9 mm long, 3—4 mm broad, with 3—5 greenish nerves, obovate,
subobtuse, tapering toward base into cuneate claw about as long as the
blade; staminodes shorter than stamens, dissected into 3 lobes, the middle
lobe longer than the lateral and glandiferous; filaments dilated toward base;
anthers yellow; ovary oval-pyramidal, with 3 sessile stigmas; capsule
light brown, trilobate, seeds light brown, to 0.5mm long, with narrow
membranous border. July— August.

Boggy and moist soils on stream banks in the alpine and subalpine
zones.— W. Siberia: Alt.; Es Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau.; Centr. Asia: T.'Sh.,
Pam.-Al., Dzu.-Tarb. Gen.distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong., China. Described
from Siberia (on the way to Kamchatka).

Note. F.subacaulis Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIII (1860)
139.— P.subcaulis Kar.et Kir., Enum. pl. soong. 1842, No.140; Ldb.,

Fl. Ross. 1, 773.— Plants with dense rosette of short-petioled radical leaves;
stem small; cauline leaves very low down; flowers larger than in the
typical form.

Subfamily 2. HYDRANGEOIDEAE A. Br.* in Asch. Fl. Prov. Brand. I
(1864) 61. — Woody plants with simple, mostly opposite, exstipulate leaves.
Sepals 5, petals 5 (rarely more). Ovary half-inferior or inferior,
3—5-locular. Ovule with 1 integument.

* Treatment by A.I.Poyarkova.

169

221

Tribe I. PHILADELPHEAE Rchb., Consp. (1828) 46.— All flowers
identical. Stamens usually flat.

Genus 710. PHILADELPHUS * L.
L. Gen. pl. (1754) 211.

Shrubs with buds hidden under leaf traces (in our species), with opposite
simple, dentate leaves and with large white flowers in few-flowered racemes.
Hypanthium turbinate, adnate to ovary; sepals and petals 4; stamens 20 or
more; ovary inferior, 3—5-locular, with numerous pedulous ovules in each
locule; styles 3—5, partly connate; fruit a turbinate capsule, dehiscing
along partitions. Seeds small, oblong, with membranous excrescence and
fleshy endosperm.

Economic importance. Ornamental shrubs.

1. Flowers cream-colored, strongly aromatic; inflorescence sparse;
young) shootsibright yellowjor reddish brown, sy.) Giles): Pee eee
Qi Lape) SOR in a caciaten weg SE Cigiely cts cg atid: aw aah cautlcs otnageymee Ol waht 1. P.caucasicus Koehne.
+ Flowers pure white; inflorescence dense; shoots light brown .... 2.
2. Leaves with continuous appressed pubescence below ............

RONG Lae ERE DE AT ee PERS TS Lm eC eed Tee aaa en *P. latifolius Schrad.
+ Leaves quite glabrous or else the underside with beards in angles of

vers and wath solitary; hairstalong the veins: 1). % +ieljannany a eee 3.
3. Style glabrous; leaves ovate to oval-lanceolate, sometimes very

thinpmembranous; inflorescence mostly s-flowereds : 22) nue ae

RR Oe Sata rete wai Vie hie epee Onn sores te ween oe eR ome ert 2. P.tenuifolius Rupr. et Maxim.
+ Style hairy nearly to the apex; leaves usually ovate or broadly

elliptic; inflorescence mostly 7—9-flowered.... 3. P.schrenkii Rupr.

1. P.caucasicus Koehne in Gartenfl. (1896) 619; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II
(1930) 241.— P.coronorius auct. fl. cauc. (non ies)

Shrubs 1.5—2.5m high; leaves thin, bright green above, paler below,
oblong-elliptic, oblong-oval, or lanceolate, gradually acuminate, glabrous
or pubescent below, with remote, inconspicuous teeth on the margin or
entire, rarely with 6—12 developed teeth on each side; inflorescence
exceeding leaves, to 14 cm long, 7—9 (11)-flowered, with glabrous or
hairy awn and pedicels; flowers 2—3.5cm in diameter. Fl. May— June,
fr. July— August.

Mountain forests and forest edges, bluffs and steep slopes, to 1,800 m.
Caucasus: Cisc. (W.), W., E., and S. Transc., Tal. (?). Gen. distr.:
Arm.-Kurd.(W.). Described from Abkhazia. Type in Leningrad.

Economic importance. Nectariferous; leaves are used for the
extraction of black dye. Wood dense; old branches used for pipe stems.
Ornamental.

Note. Philadelphus occurring in S. Europe — described as
P.pallidus Hayek. ex C.K. Schn.,and R.caucasicus Koehne — are
very closely related, but should apparently be regarded as independent
geographical races, since P.pallidus Hayek, apart from certain
morphological differences (compact, more impoverished, 5—7-flowered

+ From the Greek philein,to love and adelphos, brother, referring to the closely approximate opposite

shoots.

170

222

inflorescence, approximate internodes and branches, darker bark, and

firmer leaves),is further distinguished by its ecology; it is confined to shrub
thickets on open stony slopes. The name P.coronarius L., under which
the Caucasian and European P.pallidus are often cited, should be

retained because Linneaus applied it to cultivated specimens of unknown
origin belonging to different species.

2. P.tenuifolius Rupr. et Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sc. St. Pétersb. XV
(1857) 133.— P.coronarius Rel. (non L.), ibidey p.2lei= Puco monari us
B tenuifolius Maxim. in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb., VII ser., X, 15 (1866)
38.— P.coronarius var.satsumi Nakai, Fl. Korean. II (1911) 485.—
P.manchuricus Kom. in Bull. Jard. bot. Pierre le Gr. XVI (1916) 172
(non Nakai); Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I (1931) 610.

Shrub 2.3m high, with smooth or slightly hairy shoots covered by light
brown bark, peeling in second-year shoots and replaced by gray or
brownish-gray bark; leaves ovate to oval-lanceolate, in the forest form thin,
chartaceous, in the form growing on open sites denser, glabrous or with
Single hairs above and with small beards in angles of veins below, with
8—10 teeth on each side (f.dentata Kom.) or subentire (f.subinteger
Kom.); inflorescence mostly 5-flowered, less often 3- or 7-flowered,
occasionally 8—11-flowered (f.multiflora Kom.); inflorescence axis
and pedicels glabrous or hairy, flowers 2—3cm indiameter, aromatic;
petals oblong-oval, less often broadly oval. Fl. June, fr. August. (Plate XIII,
Figure 1 ).

Forests, mainly mixed and deciduous, forest edges, clearings, also in
open sites, among stony taluses and rocks; single and in thickets. —

Har Base Uss.. Uda.” Gen distr’: Jap. =Ch: (Manch. and Korea).
Described from the Amur. Type in Leningrad.

Note. There are apparently 2 ecological forms: aforest form andaform
growing onopen stony slopes. The latter, apart fromdenser leaves,is usually
differentiated by more compact inflorescences, with number of flowers
often reaching 7, and by the lower growth and branching shape of the shrub.
Morpholigically, however, these two forms cannot be separated, for
there are imperceptible transitions between them. The open-habitat
form has been cited for the USSR as P.manshuricus Nakai. A plant
from the vicinity of the city of Seoul, Korea, differentiated by the dense,
drooping pubescence of the pedicels, has been described under this name.
Specimens similar to the latter are available from many Korean and
Manchurian sites, but do not occur in the Soviet Union; there is therefore
no reason to retain P.manshuricus Nakai onthe list of Far Eastern
plants.

Economic importance. Ornamental and nectariferous plant, often
cultivated in gardens and parks of the European part of the Soviet Union.

3. P.schrenkii Rupr. et Maxim. in Bull. Ac. Sc. St. Pétersb. XV (1857)
365; Maxim. in Mél. biol. II (1858) 542; Kom., Fl. Mansh. II (1903) 429. —
P.coronarius ysatsumi Maxim.in Mém. Ac. Sc. Pétersb., VII sér.,
X,15 (1866) 40.— P.coronarius € manshuricus Maxim.,l.c.,41.—
Ic.: Nakai, Fl. sylv. Korean. XV (1926) tab. XII; Kom. et Alis., Opred. rast.
Dal'nevost. kraya I (1931), Plate 184.

171

tbo
bo

Shrub 2—3m hig light brown bark covering hairy shoots peeling in
second-year shoots and replaced by brownish gray bark; leaves ovate or
broadly elliptic, less often oblong-elliptic, abruptly narrowed to a rather
broad tip, with few remote minute teeth on the margin or subentire,
less often with well developed 10—15 teeth on each side, glabrous, or
with scattered hairs and hairy veins below; inflorescence mostly 7-,
less often 5—9-flowered, surpassing leaves; axis and pedicels hairy,
the pubescence sometimes present also on receptacle and sepals
(f.canescens Kom.); flowers 3—4 cm in diameter, aromatic, with broad
petals and hairy styles. Fl. June, fr. August.

Forest edges and among shrub thickets, on stony slopes and among
rock fragments; growing singly, rarely in thickets.— Far East: Uss.,
Uda. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Manchuria, Korea). Described from the
village of Pakhale on the Amur. Type in Leningrad.

Economic importance. Ornamental and nectariferous plants. Cultivated
in gardens and parks of the European part of the Soviet Union.

Note. The specific independence of P.schrenkii is very doubtful:
it is very closely related to P.tenuifolius and, in practice, cannot
always be differentiated from specimens of the latter growing on open
slopes; the only distinctive character of P.schrenkii — pubescence of
the style — varies greatly, and some specimens have very few hairs
at base of style; this may sometimes be observed also in the forest form
of P.tenuifolius.

*P. latifolius Schrad. ex DC. Prodr. III (1828) 206.

Shrub, growing profusely, with light yellow shoots; leaves densely
gray -hairy below, on fruiting shoots oval or oblong, entire or minutely
denticulate, on sterile shoots rounded -ovate, with large teeth; flowers
large, white, aromatic, in 5—7-flowered racemes. Fl. June— July,
fr. September.

N. Am. (Tennessee) — rocky riverbanks. Often cultivated in the European
part of the Soviet Union, to Leningrad inclusive.

Note. Apart from this species, the following foreign species are most
often cultivated: the European P.pallidus Hayek and the N. American —
P.pubescens Loiss,a species closely related to P.latifolius, but
distinguished by its smaller leaves, lower growth,and more nearly closed
flowers; P.inodorus L., with smooth light brown shoots, broad,
subglabrous, entire or slightly dentate leaves, and large white, almost
odorless flowers with stigmas longer and broader than anthers.

Genus 711. DEUTZIA* THBG.
Thbg., Nov. gen. pl. I (1781) 19,

Shrubs with opposite, simple, dentate leaves and a pubescence of
unicellular stellate hairs. Flowers white, rather large, in compound
corymbiform or oblong racemes; hypanthium campanulate, adnate to ovary,

2

Named after the Dutchman Van Deutz, a companion of Thunber

oc.
co)

5778 172

224

225

lignifying in fruit; sepals and petals 5; stamens 10, rarely 12—15, with

flat, often apically tripartite filaments; ovary inferior, 3- or 4-locular,
with many ovules in each locule; styles 3 or 4; fruit a subglobose

capsule, dehiscing below along partitions into separate carpels, the

latter dehiscing at the apex and remaining united dorsally. Seeds small,
with a seed-coat, tubularly broadening below, with a small wing at the apex.

1. Flowers ca. 1cmindiameter,the hypanthium gray with uninterrupted
stellate pubescence. Capsule 2 mm long, 2.5 mm broad, retaining dense
PRD ESC EMC se th AER eA eS | ate 1. D.amurensis (Rgl.) Airy -Show.

+ Flowers 1.5 cm in diameter, with glabrous hypanthium; capsule 3mm
Lowe; o.oo min Droad, Mapas. hee eee Ae es 2. D. glabrata Kom.

1. D.amurensis (Rgl.) Airy-Show in Bull. Misc. Inform. (1934) 179. —
D.parviflora Maxim., Prim. fl. amur. (1859) 110, non Bge. ex parte;
Kom., Fl. Mansh. II (1903) 431.— D.parviflora var.amurensis Rgl.,
Tent. Fl. ussur. (1861) 62.— ?D. corymbosa Var. parvitlora Crk, Schn,,
Illustr. Handb. Laubh., I (1906) 382. — Ic.: Rel} e., tabs? f/ 145 Nakai; Fi.
sylv. Koreana XV (1926) tab. KX. — Exs.: HFR, No. 1928.

Small spreading shrub; curved young shoots covered with light
brown bark later turning gray; leaves oval-elliptic or oblong-elliptic,
finely serrulate, glabrous below, with remote stellate hairs above;
inflorescence corymbiform, the axes and pedicels more or less densely
covered with only stellate hairs; filaments subulate or obscurely dentate
at the apex. Fl. June, fr. August. (Plate XIII, Figure 2).

Mixed forests and shrub thickets.— Far East.— Uss. Gen. distr.:
Jap.-Ch. (Manchuria, N. Korea). Described from the Amur. Type in
Leningrad.

Economic importance. Ornamental plants.

2. D. glabrata Kom., Fl. Mansh. II (1903) 433.— D.glaberrima Koehne
in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXXIV, Beibl. LKXV (1904) 308.— D.fauriei Lév.in
Fedde Repert. VIII (1910) 283.— Ic.: Nakai, Fl. sylv. Koreana XV (1926)
tab. XXI.

Spreading shrub to 2m high, with angular or curved branches; reddish
brown bark covering young glabrous shoots, peeling later and replaced
by gray or brownish gray bark; leaves oblong-elliptic or lanceolate, with
cuneate base, tapering to a more or less short mucro, regularly serrulate,
glabrous below, with scattered stellate hairs above; flowers a loose
corymbiform panicle with glabrous axes and pedicels; filaments tapering
upward, with no excrescences or teeth. Fl. June, fr. August.

Stony forest edges, near and on rocks, always in the shade. — Far East:
Uss.— only one habitat near the village of Bidzhanskoe on the upper
Lugovaya River. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Manchuria and Korea). Described
from the Chari-Kori Valley in N. Korea. Type in Leningrad.

Note. The Japanese D.scabra Thunb. (D.crenata S.et Zz) is
often cultivated in southern districts of the Soviet Union; all its parts —
including both sides of leaves — densely covered with stellate hairs;
flowers in oblong, erect racemes, the filaments tripartite at the apex.

173

Tribe 2. HYDRANGEAE Dc. Prodr. IV (1830) 13, p. p.— Outer flowers
often sterile, with large calyx; stamens filiform or subulate. Fruita
capsule or berry.

Genus 712. HYDRANGEA * L.
L. Sp. pl.(1753) 397,

Shrubs or trees with opposite, simple, dentate leaves; inflorescence
a large, corymbiform panicle, the outer flowers sterile, composed of
3—5 large, petallike sepals, the other flowers small,bisexual. Sepals
and petals 4 or 5. Petals sometimes connate at the apex. Stamens 8—10
or 15—20. Ovary inferior or half-inferior, with numerous ovules,
2—5-locular; styles 2—5, short, free or connate at the base. Fruita
4- or 5-locular capsule dehiscing at the apex. Seeds small, often winged.

1. Leaf blade more or less equaling petiole, 4—10cm long; petals
connate at the apex, falling at opening of flower; ovary inferior;
SCEdS NOt WERNSCO Gok ose cue ivan weal 644. SN al cons 1. H. petiolaris S..et Z.

+ Leaf blade several times longer than petiole, the latter 1—3 cm long;
petals free, persistent until pollination; ovary half-inferior; seeds
VUTEC aisle aaah ea cate Bia, ti cea n ees el Allie ei ce se a diCis as 2, S. paniculata Sieb.

1. H.petiolaris S. et Z., Fl. jap. I (1835) 106.— H.cordifolia S.et Z.,
l.e.,113.— H.scandens Maxim. (non DC.) in Mém. Acad. Pétersb., sér.
VIL, XU (1868) 130.— Ic.: S.et Z., l.c., tab. 54, 59.

Climbing shrub, ascending to 3—6 m, with glabrous, reddish brown,
rooting shoots; leaves thin, glabrous above, with beards confined to angles
of main veins below, broadly oval or broadly elliptic, with rounded, broadly
cuneate or shallowly-cordate base, the margin regularly and acutely
denticulate; inflorescence glabrous, corymbiform, to 18 cm in diameter;
stamens 15; sepals of outer flowers entire or more or less dentate.

Fl. July— August, fr. September.

Deciduous and coniferous forests and subalpine mountain zone. —

Far East: Sakh., known in southern part of island; occurrence in northern
part doubtful. Gen.distr.: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu). Described
from Japan.

Economic importance. Ornamental plants.

2. H. paniculata Sieb. in Nova Acta Acad. Leop. XIV, 2 (1829) 691;
Fr. Schmidt, Fl. sachal. in Mém. Acad. Pétersb., sér. VII, XII (1868) 130. —
Ie.: S.et Z., Fl. jap. I (1835) tab. 61; Miyabe et Kudo, Ic. forest. trees
Hokkaido, tab. 46.

Erect, branching shrub to 6 m high, with glabrous and slightly hairy
reddish-brown shoots; leaves firm, broadly oval, less often oblong-oval
or elliptic, dark green, scattered-hairy above, light below, with dense,
appressed hairs along the veins and scattered hairs throughout the surface,

* From the Greek hydro, water and angeion, vessel — the fruit is shaped like a bowl.

174

£227

with broadly cuneate base; inflorescence pyramidal, densely hairy;
stamens 10; sepals of outer flowers entire. Fl. July — August, fr. September.

Riparian and mountain forests; tolerating boggy soils.— Far East: Sakh.,
until now known in southern part of the island as far as the Poronai River.
Gen. distr.: Japan. Described from Japan.

Economic importance. The bark is used for the manufacture of Japanese
paper; the wood, which is very hard and white, is used for various small
articles. Ornamental plant, often cultivated in the European part of the
Soviet Union.

Note. Among the species of this genus represented in the USSR, the
one most cultivated is H.opuloides C.Koch. (Hortensia opuloides
Lam.,Hydrangea hortensis Sieb.) — originally from Japan, with
glabrous shoots, elliptic mucronate leaves cuneately tapering toward the
base, and large inflorescences; the flowers of the garden forms are all
sterile (white, pink,or sky blue). Cultivated in northern regions in flower pots,
in southern regions in the ground. Escaped on the Caucasian coast and
sometimes forming thickets (near Batumi).

Subfamily 3. RIBESIOIDEAE fFngl.* in Engl. et Pr. Nat. Pflzf. Ill, 2a
(1890) 88. — Woody plants with simple alternate exstipulate leaves. Flowers in
racemes. Petals5. Ovary unilocular,with2 parietal placentas. Fruitaberry.

Genus 713. RIBES ** L.
L. Gen. pl. (1737) 68.

Shrubs with smooth or spiny shoots, with alternate, palmatilobate,
dentate leaves and with flowers in simple racemes; pedicels developed;
flowers bisexual or dioecious, 5-merous; hypanthium from flat to tubular,
adnate to ovary below, passing directly into sepals at the apex; petals much
smaller than sepals; stamens 5, opposite to sepals, attached to margin
of hypanthium or slightly lower; styles 2, mostly connate to above the
middle; ovary bilocular, smooth or glandular, inferior, very rarely half-
inferior, short-stalked. Fruit a succulent berry with dried perianth at
the apex, at maturity disarticulating from pedicel; seeds with interior
hard endopleura and gelatinous testa.

1. Shoots densely covered with acicular spines and, in addition, with
larger spines at the nodes, 7—15 in each verticillaster; leaves
rigid-hispid; flowers flat; berries black, glandular-hispid. Subgenus

GQronyuvariotd'es Jaren. 0.2258 400,.8,0), 15. R.horridum Rupr.
+ Shrubs unarmed or with short paired spines at the nodes, sometimes

also with spiny internodes; leaves*not hispid? . s.r Wer onan. . a
2. Leaves with yellow punctate aromatic glands below. (Subgenus

Peete eols mite SaHner hy Rolie Ahoy, Hie eepwollpinius. wilh... Bip
te unetate aromatic glands absent.+.t.4.s.).9.8.608. POOR RR Oe ee. 13.
3. Flowers campanulate, tall, erect shrubs. (Series Ni gra EOP yest... 4,
on) HMlowere fat,cuplike: Mostly low Shrubs: . oe. fo hee re ele te te es nO),

“ Treatment by A.1. Poyarkova.
*” From the Arabic Ribas, as rhubarb (Rheum ribes L.) was called by the Arabs in their own country.
After their penetration into Spain, they transferred this name to the acid fruit of the currant growing
in that country.

| Wie,

bo

+

+

LSE

14,

tap

Gre

Hypanthium/short,1.5=2 times) broaden (ithan high) sy.15 6 ei Sater aie 3.
Hypanthium higher, as high as or higher than broad ........... he
Flowers pale, usually yellowish, rarely flesh-colored, with spreading

or Slightly neeunvedisepaliseta: a6)-t5 arma:

Flowers lilac or pinkish gray, the sepals recurved and often appressed

HOMANCSOVECIE. Gik Boo nen to oro. alot ance 0. a hb. ac

: ote 21. R.nigrum L.

Sepals spreading; hypanthium slightly pentagonal; ovary high-conical;
leaf lobes acute; pedicels slender, nodding... 16. R.ussuriense Jancz.
Sepals suberect or divaricate; hypanthium not angled, smooth; leaf
lobes} broad; mostlyesubobtuses pedicels thickiy ais yee) eb wenenne

.. 17. R.pauciflorum Turcz.

Flowers large, 10—12 mm long, flesh-colored, broadly campanulate;
leaves large, to 15cm in diameter, glabrous, lustrous, deeply and

acubel yalobatemthey wie Bhi Siete t beineieee fuse

20. R.janezewskii A. Pojark.

Flowers 8—9 (10)mm lonestunbinate) or wyathifor my si) ee 8.
Hypanthium constricted above, turbinate, pentagonal; leaves firm,

IVISTIAOWS, ACwINEIy? CEM soos ac boo oo 8

19. R.turbinatum A. Pojark.

Hypanthium cyathiform, its height 1.5—2 times as great as or equal

TOmWALGEnEY leaww:eist ciuliliss Ws, ine: teres cot denreee wuts eee

Hypanthium 1.5—2 times as high as broad; styles split to the middle
Oe CesoEers Meawes! mmo Sulhy Wrilula SiiaajollS lleicee WetIA os 560 go oo co

@! fie a) fe) 0 | a. fos fray je) pod Teh free fe ef hel! tops. Pie! [reel te flail fie “Yep lie bist Ke) fej ¥e

- yrs «( )l 88..R.kolymiense,, Kom.

Hypanthium as high as or 1.5 times higher than broad; style entire

Ow Sjollie Gt wae aAjoexs Wesenves clujolear©-Cleimieue conosco acc coos secs
Sty ST he SBT TR TUE AE OE SG Bg Se 21. R.nigrum var. sibiricum E. Wolf.
Tall shrub with large, cordate, deeply and acutely lobate leaves;

berry luler ehh. Mace DSO TR WE Re SS 22. R.dikuscha Fisch.
Low shrubs with small (2—5 ecm in diameter), reniform or rounded-
reniform leaves with slightly developed lobes; berries brown .... 11.
Leaves tomentose-pubescent below......... 25. R.graveolens Bge.
Leaves’ withonly qounctate slands bellow Ge-iish-n-p-t-0ste Sen eee 12.
Leaves densely glandular below, very aromatic; flowers white......
Ap etal: Grose siya .& eae steed aytictc 24. R.fragrans Pall.
Leaves with sparsely scattered glands below; flowers purple ......
Speedy ah Sabie ch titans Paw Geese salen Pani cee eae tee 23. R. procumbens Pall.
Elowees, lbiisiescuiaillye) ey Sead seca ./eorents yh Sel 2 hye eS ee. Ea 14.
Flowers dioecious. (Subgenus Berisia,Spach) o.\.95 .aceicmnae Oe Bie
Flowers large, 10—15 (20)mm long, with high campanulate-tubular or
eylindricalbhypanthium,, deep pink or yellows, «qi. y2e-eaei> Een 30.

Flowers small, to 6 mm long, with low patelliform or short-campanulate
hypanthium, usually greenish, often more or less dingy purple, rarely

Videubee (One OWN Ack i CM Cp ee eae Moac lr ory rr clcrOsG a Gb otiioro un o> cs © 1B).
Prostrate, low shrubs with white or pinkish flowers and glandular-
hispid ovaries and berries (Subgenus Heritiera Jancz.) ...... 16.
Erect, unarmed, mostly tall shrubs with greenish or more or less

dingy purple flowers and smooth ovaries and berries. (Subgenus

Rwbhe sia Waneze) the. pidivs..0e) eee Ried oe aerate is ee 1
Leayes to; 95 emebroad) deeply ai janyh- lobed} fy-iaicyye i). et ene eee
slaty enfiergio We gloiplelve pape be y ciples «lista hcpiecrihae yar i Anas Ss RPS) %5 13. R.sachalinense Nakai.
Leaves to 3.5 (4)cm broad, with slightly developed lobes..........

©) Ry Ose. De Mey) Je:. 10) 0) seihad fem emie) denis Jey .© Vevuaiite (0 Ge, Menseua te

176

14. R.malvifolium A. Pojark.

229

230

Le

20.

a1.

22.

23.

Hypanthium cuplike or campanulate, with smooth base ......... 19.
Hypanthium quite flat, patelliform, with fleshy perigynous ring at
GI PMDRISER SELES VU LO eS) ie uh eal eR ek Goeryigigl 18.

Flowers dingy purple or, at least, with colored hypanthium and petals;
stamen connectives much narrower than anthers; bark dark brown,

separating in large lamellate strips ...--++++++-++-- 1... triste Pall.
Flowers greenish; stamen connectives broad,as long as anthers;

DAC SrAVe DECUUNG direuas? Ayincr weno aad -ylaryityns Mourne hicks Sely <i *R. vulgare Lam.
Hypanthium shallow, cuplike; sepals glabrous on the margin or

SPAESSliyy ClMAG eee: (Verge cui fame cael ny eto china Cuatro baht arse spent =. a | 20.
Hypanthium campanulate or turbinate; sepals with dense border of

COMI es caer eRe pa cae 0 eh oiy rh Pica can alan ttliciiaid ahi diath ak BicAas he tiie SM ay ok gs aac ted chet = is 2D.

Sepals reflexed nearly from base, hence stamens strongly excerted;
leaves with acute lobes, the middle lobe usually much longer than the

lateral (Series Multiflorae) .... 2.R.manschuricum (Maxim.) Kom.
Sepals with spreading limb; only anthers protruding; upper leaf lobes
usually more or less equally developed. Geries Rub rac). -.-,+- Bil

Annual shoots light brown; leaves tetragonal in outline with truncate
base, usually hairy only along the veins below; racemes short, erect,
dense, with densely hairy axis and pedicels; flowers pale, small

RED peru bed Peery ee Depart Fh oi ac yj cake «04k dtu stm y 3.R. palezewskii A. Pojark
Shoots pale yellow; raceme loose, glabrous or with sparse

BUDESCERCegy a “iaces-h onl a eucte: anwdad dime whet eael: - 22.
Racemes long, to 9 (11) cm long, with up to 22 flowers, horizontal or
nodding; sepals usually with brown-red spots and veins, sparsely

ciliate-margined; leaves pubescent below ...... 6. R. pubescens Hedl.
Racemes shorter, erect at anthesis; sepals greenish, sometimes with
purple spots or brownish, glabrous on the margin ....-+.++..+-.- PAS

Racemes short, 2—5cm long, 3—8 (10)-flowered, loose; flowers to
6mm in diameter; leaves mostly glabrous, lustrous, with acute lobes,
Baatcselya dentate. amnlaa: by mami i, aye ay each ester wrote lees 4.R. rubrum L.

+ Racemes 6—12-flowered; flowers smaller, 3—4 (5)mm in diameter

24.

Re ee ek eet ii hea ie Sa sci Oe acs Cue oes ake oa 24.
Flowers pale, small, usually not more than 3—3.5mm in diameter;
inflorescence axis, pedicels, young shoots, and petioles usually more

or less glandular-hispid, with an additional simple pubescence; leaves
mostly pubescent below, broad, with short obtuse lobes.....-.-...-
IR a eR aie ia hg cd a aon 5. R. hispidulum A. Pojark.
Flowers brownish, larger; leaves with acute, mostly well developed

WS OSS Oe bi Soe ee) 5 eet ee Mn ON tS dads *R. scandicum Hedl.
Flowers turbinate, with erect sepals; styles cylindrical; berry black,
with purple-lilac sap. (Series Meyerianae)....7.R.meyeri Maxim.
Flowers campanulate; sepals with recurved or spreading limb; style
conical; berry red or purple-black. (Series Petraeae) ...... 26.
Bark on shoots light brown, separating in large lamellate strips;

flowers yellowish brown; berry black with purple sap .......-.-.
Sr rn oer Dee ce a ys mee eran ae eee 10. R.altissimum Turcz.

Bark light gray, peeling; flowers purple ...-+-++ +++ esse e- 27.
Hypanthium with fleshy excrescences below the petals; flowers purple;
berry dark jred.or cherry -red... o.- ep 6 epee, ey 12.R. biebersteinii Berl.
Hypanthium without excrescences; berry red .... 2-512 see eee 28.
Flowers pale,yellowish or pinkish, with narrow, conical styles; berry

HEA Ie Clea Sean cia) Vota iis muta) (a rie, Rigen ial ts 9. T.pallidiflorum A. Pojark.

32.

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

Flowers: darkipuxple: benny vivid! UNG id yank ITU TEES 3 29).
Ovary apex in the shape of a low cone; flowers large, 6 —7mm long;

leawes toh5 em tread ‘ys Meniaky YRS ear ee 8. R. latifolium Jancz.
Ovary apex high-conical; flowers 4—5mm long; leaves usually not ;
monerthani Over mrdianneteie® 1a eh ee 11. R.atropurpureum C. A. M.
Flowers dark pink; ovary glandular-hairy; berry glandular; leaves
whitishn=tomentose bellow hrs See Sans emia *R. sanguineum Pursh.
Flowers bright yellow; ovary, berry and leaves glabrous .........
CMR ee RP Ee EY ASOT Pe SPR SP era en La ei aiate *R.aureum Pursh.
Pubescence of appressed or crisp hairs, with all glands stalked;

flowers’ and berries slabrous ey Ai! AS ee ee 35.

Pubescence of spreading, straight white hairs; in addition to the

stalked glands, there are often also sessile, viscous glands; flowers,

and often’also berries; hairy.'\(Series Orienta les)... S.Gaegly 32.
Flowers pale greenish; leaves with well developed lobes, dark green,
lustrous, usually with bristly glandular hairs above; berries red. .

eames LI Bey MRE io ROG UD TE VLA) eae ERE 26.R. orientale Desf.
Flowers purple; leaves without glandular bristles above ....... 313).
Leaves 1—2cm broad, thin, cordate, with well developed lobes; shoots
slender, pale yellowish gray; viscous glands absent ..........

het ARR OLA ie eae wit Sea Rr, tds oh i ahd 27. R.melananthum Boiss. et Hoh.
Leaves to 3—3.5cm broad, firm, with slightly developed subobtuse

lobes; shoots light brown; viscous glands usually present ...... 34.
Leaves and shoots densely hairy, usually with few viscous glands;
SHOOTSUEHICKIYY HOS BAOGS PO YQ OY Rae et 29.R.villosum Wall.
Leaves glabrous or slightly hairy, with slight addition of viscous
glands}“Shoots' slénder: #98 . WIRPGAN ete 3% 28. R.heterotrichum C. A. M.
Leaves trilobate or obscurely 5-lobed, with well developed upper

LOBES. I BUR 2? BROIL A CUS Oe RD ATED eek i ou fs

Leaves incised in upper part into 3 slightly developed, obtuse lobes;
shoots light brown, usually with a pair of spines at base of leaves, the
sterile shoots sometimes with spiny internodes. (Series Diacanthae)
Can nt a eae en ae ee eee ee ee eC eR LPR 36.
Leaves rounded-cuneate, dull, usually puberulent below; inflorescence
axis and pedicels pubescent; berries dark cherry-red.........
ASM PMS IRR SPRL Sk APTS RP PIE RR RB BAA WY OA A SA 35. R. saxatile Pall.
Leaves oblong-cuneate, quite glabrous, lustrous; inflorescence
Slabrousswberries wredia Wis. ti i) Sy SAE ak oR ee 34. R.diacantha Pall.
Shoots light brown, lustrous, usually with a pair of spines at base of
leaves; leaves small, 0.3—3.2cm long. (Series Pulchellae)..

Sy Pee pst ASPET NOD a ned tains 5 EP PAS PE NE ae 36. R. pulchellum Turcz.
Shoots dull; gray or pale brown, unarmed; leaves to 4.5—5cm

ROSA QATAR Ry WEE PR OER ys RRR UC TRRES CERRO | EE 38.
Fruiting racemes short, 3-flowered; leaves dull, usually covered with
glandular bristles above, mostly with cordate base. (Series Alpinae)
olatlad MO gpatiey ne ROS abe Ate EAS DAG SERS oe Fe WA EO oO:
Fruiting racemes (4) 5—11-flowered; leaves lustrous, mostly glabrous
above, with cuneate or truncate base. (Series Lucid ale) Li oeRE SS 40.
Berry oblong, oval or obovate; leaf lobes acuminate, the upper lobe
protruding, shomboid's):1 ai, cli). eee ER 30. R. maximowiczianum Kom.
Berry globose; leaf lobes more or less equally developed, mostly
broadly triangular, acutesd: Tye, CQ 1 A WOLLOy OLR 31.R. alpinum L.

178

40. Leaves orbicular, with slightly developed, obtuse lobes; fruiting

racemes 6 —1 l-flow ened); tye. heyy sur) tothe 32. R. komarovii A. Pojark.
+ Leaves oblong-cuneate, with strongly protruding middle lobe;
fruiting racemes (4) 5—8-flowered...........4.. 33.R. lucidum Kit.

Subgenus 1. RIBESIA (Berl.) Jancz. in Bull. Acad. Cracov (1903)
236; Berl. in Mém. Soc. phys. Gen. III, 2 (1826) 43, pro sect. — Flowers in
racemes, bisexual, greenish or purple, with flat, campanulate or cylindrical
hypanthium and smooth ovaries. Glands stalked, crystalline; bud scales
coriaceous light brown.

Economic importance. The species of this subgenus are the ancestors
of cultivated red currants, the separate varieties either originating directly
from or being hybrids of wild species. The berries of all wild species
are edible and differ from cultivated currants mainly in their sour taste,
some also in their coarse, thick skin.

232

Series 1. Vulgares A.Pojark.— Hypanthium flat, patelliform, with broad
base, with fleshy pentagonal, perigynous ring; sepals reflexed, glabrous.
Stamens and styles short; berry red.

1. R.triste Pall. in Nova Acta Acad. Petrop. X (1797) 378 (excl. pl.
fruct.); Ldb., Fl. Ross. Il, 1,198; sensu stricto: Maxim. in Mél. biol. IX
(1873) 235; Kom., Vved. v izuch. rast. Yakutii.I (1926) 142; Fl. Kamch. II
(1929) 225; Kom.and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I (1931) 621.—
R.vulgaris fr.rubro Krascheninnik., Beschr. Kamtsch. (1766) 101.—
R.inerme floribus planiusculis Gmelin, Fl. Sib. III (1747) 173. —
R.melancholicum Sievers ex Pall.,l.c.,—R.propinquum Turcz. in
Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII (1840) 70; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I1,199.—R. rubrum 8B
propinguum Trautv. et Mey., Fl. ochot. (1856) 40.— R.rubrum var.
rubellum Regl. et Til., Fl. ajan. (1859) 92.—R.rubrum y subglandu-
losum Maxim. in Mél. biol. IX (1873) 234.—R. rubrum var.glabella
Trautv. et Mey. in Syll. pl. sibir. (1888) 32; Trautv. et Mey., Fl. ochot.
(1856) 40.—Ic.: Jancz. in Monograph. d. Groseill. (1907) f. 24; Poyarkova
in Tr. Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, ser. 1, No. 2 (1936) Figure 1 (p. 163).

Shrub with mostly decumbent branches and numerous, scarcely
branching shoots, ascending to 20 —40cm, less often erect, to 75cm high,
the light brown bark separating in large strips; leaves broad, 3—5-lobed
acutely and coarsely dentate, usually glabrous, less often pubescent below,
to 6.5cm long and 9cm broad; raceme short, loose; pedicels 2.6—5mm
long, slender, pubescent; petals mostly broad, flabellate, rarely narrower,

- cuneate, /4—'/3 as long as sepals; style thick, split nearly to base; berry
bright red, 6—10mm in diameter, very succulent. Fl. June, fr. August.
(Plate XIII, Figure 5).

Banks of rivers and streams, riverain deciduous forest strips, also
slopes, mainly rocky slopes, shrub thickets and forests, rarely bogs;

233 solitary or in groups.— Arctic: Arc.Sib., An.; H. Siberia: Lena-Kol.,
Dau.; Far East: Kamch., Okh., Ze.-Bu., Uda, Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap. -Ch.
(N. Korea), N. Am. (Canada and Northern states). Described from Yablonovyi
Range. Type in London.

179

234

Economic importance. The berries are quite edible. The plant may be
used for selection and hybridization with cultivated varieties of red
currants for the breeding of cold-resistant varieties for northern regions.

Note. Japanese and American plants have been described as separate
varieties (R.rubrum var.bracteosum Maxim. SSIBVORIMESSy, Ieig ih 1 Sh
var.albinervium (Mchx.) Fernald.— R.albinervium Mchx. and
R.triste var.alaskanum Berger.— American). Attempted clarification
of the taxonomic significance of these forms has been unsuccessful owing
to lack of material.

*R. vulgare Lam., Encycl. mét. bot. III (1789) 47.— R.sativum Syme
in Engl., Bot. III, ed. IV (1865) 42.— R.domesticum Jancz. in Compt.
rend. XXVI (1900) 588.— R.silvestre Hedl., Bot. notis. (1901) 82.—
R.hortense Hedl.,l.c.— R.rubrum (ex parte) Shmal'g., Fl. I, 358
(non L.).— R.rubrum auct. plur. (non L.).— Ic.: Jancz., Monogr. d. gros.
(OLED) sid sical

Erect shrub with light grayish shoots; leaves 3-or 5-lobed, with short,
acute lobes, coarsely dentate, glabrous on both sides, less often hairy
below, shallowly cordate, racemes long, to 8 cm,loose; axis and pedicels
glabrous, 3-5 mmlong; flowers greenish; style slender, split to the
middle or less. Fl. May — June, fr. July— August. (Plate XIII, Figure 3).

Cultivated for its berries, but apparently not escaping. Grows wild
in the mountains of France, in southern Belgium, N. Italy, and the
Pyrenees.” Described from France. type ain Paris.

Note. 1. R.vulgare Lam.is the ancestor of most garden varieties
of red currants, which originated from it either directly or by way of
crossing with other species of the subgenus Ribesia, apparently with
R.petraeum Wulf and R.pubescens Hedl. Var.macrocarpum
Jancz.is distinguished from the typical form by its larger flowers and
fruits, and by its peculiar shape, resulting from the fact that only the buds
arranged at the base of shoots reach a complete development, while the
higher buds die off together with the shoots bearing them.

Note 2. Inthe Soviet literature, R.vulgare Lam.is usually cited
under the incorrect name of R.rubrum L.and is confused with
R.pubescens Hedl. (e. g., in the floras of Syreishchikov and Maevskii),
which grows wild in the European part of the Soviet Union.

Economic importance. The berries are used both raw and for the
making of jam, syrup, jelly, wine, vinegar, and refreshing fruit drinks.
According to Hegi, the berries contain the following percentages: 83—85.8
water, 4—9 invert sugars, 1.84—2.59 free acids (especially citric acid),
1.47 pectins, pectose, 0.41 pentosans, 0.35—0.70 albumins, ca. 4-cellulose,
0.72-ash, red pigment (cyanidin-glucoside); the seeds contain 16—18% fatty
oils. The red pigment of the berries colors linen yellow.

Series 2. Multiflorae A. Pojark.— Hypanthium cuplike, with fleshy
excrescences below petals; sepals recurved nearly from base, glabrous
on the margin or sparsely ciliate; style narrowly conical; ovary inferior;
berryeredr

Apart from our species, R.multiflorum Kit., distributed in the
mountains of southern Europe, also belongs to this series.

180

PLATE XII, 1~— Philadelphus tenuifolius Rupr. et Maxim ,; 2 — Deutziaa amurensis (Rgl,)
Airy-Show, a) fruit; 3 — Ribes rubrum L,, a) flower, b) analysis of flowers; 4 — R. pubescens Hedl,:
5—R.triste Pall., a) flower from above, b) flower Section; 6 — R.vulgare Lam,, flower; 7 —
R.meyeri Maxim., flower, a) flower section,

181

2. R.manshuricum (Maxim.) Kom., Fl. Mansh. II (1903) 437; Kom. and
Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I (1931) 621.— R.multiflorum
var.manshuricum Maxim. in Mél. biol. IX (1873) 228.— R.petraeum
var.mongolicum Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris. 2 sér., VI (1883-1884)
Tae Mes aloud enacl Aine Ate, JP ilekeey Isisy

Shrub 1—2 m high; shoots light, the bark separating in small, thin lamellae;
leaves deeply cordate, mostly trilobate, with long-acuminate lobes, the
middle lobe usually much larger than the lateral, glabrous above, with sparse
hairs along the veins below (f.subglabrum Kom.), or scattered -hairy
above and pubescent below (f.villosum Kom.); racemes 2.5—9cm long,
rarely to 16cm long, dense, spiciform, with up to 40 flowers; pedicels
1—2 mm long; inflorescence axis thick, pubescent; flowers greenish, with
much exserted stamens; berry 7—9mm in diameter, very acid, with thick
skin. Fl. June, fr. August. (Plate XIV, Figure 1).

Forest edges, clearings in mixed forests; solitary. In rock gorges
in the shade of rocks, forming small thickets.— Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uda,
UssanGent disteeapiaCh: (Manchuria, Chihli Province, N. Korea).
Described from the Chaorie Pass in N. Korea. Type in Leningrad.

Series 3. Rubrae A. Pojark. — Hypanthium flat, cuplike, smooth inside;
sepals with spreading limb, smooth on the margin or sparsely ciliate;
style cylindrical; ovary inferior, with slightly conical apex; berries red.
Apart from our species, R.Spicatum Robs.— from the British Isles
including Ireland — also belongs to this series.

Economic importance. The berries of all species of this series may
be used like those of the cultivated red currant R.vulgare Lam., from
which they are distinguished by their more acid taste and coarser skin.

3. R.palezewskii A. Pojark. in Bull. of Appl. Bot. Genet. and Plant Breed
XXII, 3 (1929) 341; Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, Sér.1, 2 (1936) 168;

Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I (1931) 622.— R.rubrum
a glabellum Trautv. et Mey., Fl. ochot. (1856) 40.— R.rubrumy
acuminatum Rgl.in Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VII sér., IV, 4 (1861) 67. —
R.rubrum £ silvestre Maxim. in Mél. biol. IX (1873) 233 (ex parte). —
R.rubrum var.sativum Korsh. in A.H. P. XII (1892) 340. —
R.pubescens (non Hedl.) Kom., Fl. Mansh. II (1903) 441.— R.rubrum
var.palezewckii Jancz.in Monogr. d. grosseill. (1907) 290. —
R.warscewiczii (non Jancz.) Kom. and Alis., Mal. opred. rast. D. Vost.
(1925) 251.— Ic.: Kom.and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I (1931),
Plate 187; Poyarkova in Tr. Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR. ser.1, No.2 (1936),
ip: 3) (oie):

Shrub ca.1—1.5 mhigh; shoots glabrous or slightly glandular, with smooth,
light brown bark; leaves broad, glabrous above,pubescent along the veins below,
rarely glandular-hairy along the veins or uninterruptedly pubescent, 3- or
5 -lobed, with short, broadly triangular lobes, shallowly cordate or truncate
at base; racemes erect, 2—5 cm long, 5—15-flowered, dense; axis and
short (1—2.5 mm) pedicels more or less densely lanate-pubescent; flowers
small, 3—3.5 mm in diameter, yellowish; berry to 8mm long, mostly oblong.
Fl. end of May, June, fr. July.

182

Forests and riverside shrub thickets. — E. Siberia: Lena-Kol. (S. part —
slopes ofthe Yablonovyi Range), Dau. (E. part); Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uda,
Uss. (N. part — lower reaches of the Amur and Ussuri rivers). Gen. distr. :
unknown outside the regions mentioned; probably grows also on right
(Chinese) bank of the Amur. Described from the village of Voskresenskoe
onthe Amur River. Type in Leningrad.

Economic importance. Deserves attention as a baccate plant.

4. R.rubrum L., Sp. pl. (1753) 200; Turcz., Fl. baic.-dah. 1,443; Ldb.,
Hil ROSSaLl 99 (ex parte). — R.inerme floribus planiusculis
Gmel., Fl. sib. III (1 747) 173.— R.acidum Turcz.in Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 1,
199 (pro synon. R.rubri); Poyarkova in Tr. Prikl. Bot., Gen. i Sel. XXII, 3
(1929) 341.— R.baicalense Turcz.,l.c.— R.rubrum var.silvestris
Trautv., Pl. Czekanovsk. et Mul. (1877) 57.— R.glabellum Hedl. in Bot.
Notis. (1901) 98; Komarov, Vved.v isuch. rast. Yakutii I (1926) 143. —
R.rubrum var.glabellum Jancz., Monogr. d. groseill. (1907) 289. —
R.rubrum var.scandicum (non Jancz.), Fedch.i Fler., Fl. Evr. Ross.
(1910) 504. — Ic.: Poyarkova in Tr. Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, ser. I, No.2
(1936), Fig.5 (p.171).

Shrub to 1m high; shoots glabrous or more or less beset with glandular
hairs, covered with smooth pale yellow bark; leaves usually deeply
cordate, 3- or 5-lobed, with acute, coarsely dentate lobes, mostly glabrous
on both sides, lustrous, less often pubescent below or glandular -hispid
along the veins; petioles glabrous or glandular -hispid, often reddish;
racemes erect, 2—5 cm long, loose, 3—8 (10)-flowered, nodding in fruit;
axis and long (5-12 mm) pedicels glabrous or glandular; flowers rather
large, greenish, often with purple petals and macular sepals; berry 8—11mm
indiameter,sometimesoblong. Fl. May — June, fr. July —August. (Plate XIII,
Figure 3).

Forests and forest edges, riverain deciduous forest strips, river slopes,
shrub thickets. — Arctic: Arc. Eur., Arc. Sib. (W. part); European part:
Kar.-Lap. (N.), Dv.-Pech. (N.), Urals (as far South as 60° lat.); W. Siberia:
Ob, Alt. (N. in subalpine zone); E. Siberia: Yenis., Lena-Kol., Ang.-Say.,
Dau. (W. part). Gen.distr.: Mong. (mountains of N. and Centr. Mong.).
Described from northern Sweden. Type in London.

Note. The distribution area of R.rubrum covers the northern part
of Scandinavia, the northern part of the European territory of the Soviet
Union, and the Arctic part of Siberia (as far east as the Kotuiand Mon'ero
rivers), the southern part of Yakutia (to the Vilyui River), and E. Siberia
from the Yenisei to W. Transbaikalia; replaced in W. Siberia by
R.hispidulum. Hybrids of R.rubrumX hispidulum occur vend
frequently in the Yenisei area.

Economic importance. Combines the high quality of its fruit with good
winter hardiness; thus it deserves the attention of fruit-growers for
experimental breeding of red currant varieties suited to northern regions
of the Soviet Union.

238

5. R.hispidulum A. Pojark.in Bull. of Appl. Bot. Genet. and Plant. Breed.
XXII (1929) 339; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI (1931) 1440.— R.rubrum @ et B
C.A.M. in Ldb., FI. Alt. 1 (1829) 267.— R.rubrum (ex parte) Ldb., Fl. Ross.
1,1,199.— R.rubrum var.glabella Trautv.in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc.

183

239

240

XXXIX, 1 (1866) 315 (non Trautv.et Mey.).— R.pubescens Kryl., Fl.
Alt. 1 (1903) 464 (non Hedl.).— R.rubrum ssp.asiaticum Jancz. ex
C.I. Schn., Illustr. Handb. d. Laubh. I (1906) 430 (ex parte?).— R.rubrum
var-hispidulum Jancz.in Monogr. d. Groseill. (1907) 290. — Ic.:

AV Polaris, We Cajtata5 (Hl. YUSO>VOSL, Vie beet. 2 Samia ne Narr erar
Vernacular name: kislitsa.

Shrubs to 2m high, with pale shoots usually beset with stalked glands,
often, in addition, with hairy shoots; leaves broad, with truncate or shallowly
cordate base,dull, glabrous or sparsely hairy above, mostly pubescent
below (f.villosum A. Pojark.), less often glabrous (f.glabrum
A. Pojark.) or only with glandular pubescence (f.glandulosum A. Pojark),
3-, rarely 5-lobed, with broad, usually obtuse lobes, coarsely and obtusely
dentate; petioles mostly glandular-hispid and, in addition, sometimes
pubescent; racemes initially obliquely ascending, later nodding, 3—7 cm
long, rather dense, 6—12 (16)-flowered; axis and pedicels, slightly glandular,
varying between 2.5 and 5(7)mm long; flowers small, yellowish-greenish;
berry 8—10mm in diameter. Fl.end of May —beginning of June, fr. July.

Most, mainly coniferous forests, forest edges, deciduous forest strips
beside streams and rivers, shrub thickets, bog margins. — Arctic: Arc.

Eur. (E.); European part: Dv.-Pech. (E.), V.-Kama. (E.), V.-Don., Transv.;
W. Siberia: Ob, U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: westernmost part of Ang. -Say.;
Centr. Asia: Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb. Gen.distr.: Mong. (Tanno-Ola, Mongolian
Altai). Described from Lake Bolshoe Chebache, in Kazakhstan. Type in
Leningrad.

Economic importance. As for preceding species.

Note. The Yenisei River is the eastern border for R.hispidulum;
the western border runs to the west of the Volga, but it is impossible to
ascertain owing to lack of data and to the difficulty in separating
R.hispidulum from R.pubescens in that area, since they are linked
by forms with transitional characters, apparently of hybridogenic origin.

6. R. pubescens Hedl. in Bot. Notis. (1901) 100; Poyarkova in Tr. Bot.
Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, ser.1, No.2 (1936) 174.— R.rubrum £ sylvestre
Wimm. et Grab., Fl. siles. (1827) 209. — R.rubrum 6B pubescens Swartz,
Summa Veg. Scand. (1844) (nom. nud.).— Grossularia rubra Rupr.,
Fl. ingrica (1860) 419.— R.schlechtendalii Lge., Ind. sem. hort. Havn.
(1870) 31 (ex parte).— R.rubrum (ex parte) Shmal'g., Fl. I, 358. —
R.rubrum Jancz. in Comptes rendus Ac.Paris (1 900)589 (non moe Sih, AUS
casicum R.Regel in Tr. Bot. Sada Yur'evsk Univ. II (1901) 72. (non M. B.) —
R.warscewiczii Jancz. in Tr.Troitsko-Savsko-Kyakht.Otd.R. G. O.(1902)
10 (non in Frut. Vilm.).— R.rubrum var.scandicum Jancz. in Monogr.
de Groseill. (1907).— R.rubrum var.pubescens Jancz., l.c. (ex parte). —
EXSY, Now Glia, — Wess Poyarkovies lac. (p. Ls

Shrub 1—1.5 m high, with pale, initially pubescent, later glabrescent
shoots; leaves 3- or 5-lobed, with broadly triangular, short-acuminate,
subobtuse lobes, glabrous or sparsely hairy above, more or less densely
pubescent below; racemes loose, 4—9 (11) cm long, 8—22 -flowered, initially
slightly ascending, later horizontal or nodding; pedicels 3—7 mm long, more
or less pubescent; flowers small; sepals sharply ciliate-margined, green,
usually with copper-red or brown spots; petals of the same color; berry
small, 6—8 (10) mm in diameter. FI. June, ice duly. (Plate XIII, Figure 4),

184

241

Forests, mainly coniferous, forest edges, riverbanks, among shrubs.

European part: Kar.-Lap. (?), Dv.-Pech. (W.), Lad.-Ilm., U. V., V.-Kama,
U. Dnp., M. Dnp., V.-Don, L.Don. Gen.distr.: Scand. (S. and Centr. parts
of Scand., Finland, Baltic States, NE Prussia), Centr. Eur. (Poland).

Described from Scandinavia. Type in Stockholm.

Economic importance. A whole series of red currant varieties
originated from the crossing of this species with R.vulgare Lam. and
R.petraeum Wulf. The fruit of the wild-growing species have a more
acid taste than those of the cultivated currant.

Note. A currant specimen collected in the Don, floodplain, opposite
Belogor'e, is distinguished by the continuous whitish-tomentose pubescence
of shoots, inflorescence axis, and underside of leaf, rather dense pubescence
of upper leaf surface, rigid consistency and smaller size of leaves, and small
(5—6 mm) berries. It has been isolated as a separate form —f.cretacea
A. Pojark. nov.,

*R. scandicum Hedl. in Bot. Notis. (1901) 99.— R.rubrum var.
pubescens Jancz., Monogr. d.Groseill. (1907) 289 (ex parte). =
hero ram “Lee p wu bes eens Hedlwilve.

Shrub ca.1.5m high; shoots pale, slightly pubescent, often in addition,
beset with glandular hairs; leaves 3- or 5-lobed, with well developed
coarsely dentate, acute lobes, glabrous above, usually rather sparsely
pubescent below, with cordate or truncate base and with glandular petioles;
racemes 2.5—5cm long, erect or arched-upcurved, nodding in fruit,

5—12 (16)-flowered; pedicels 3—8mm long, glabrous and slightly glandular
like the axis; flowers of medium Size, green or brown; with sepals
glabrous on the margin; berry ca.8mm in diameter. Fl. June,

fr. July — August.

Forests, forest edges, riverbanks. — European part: Kar.-Lap. and
W. part of Dv.-Pch. Gen.distr.: Scand. (Scandinavian Peninsula and
Finland). Described from S.Sweden. Type in Stockholm.

Note. This name has been used to describe specimens of currants
which, according to their morphological characters, occupy an intermediate
place between R.rubrum L. and R.pubescens Hedl.and are apparently
their hybrids since their distribution area basically occupies a zone
intermediate between the distribution areas of these 2 species, although
partially overlapping them.

Series 4. Meyerianae A.Pojark.— Flowers short-campanulate or
turbinate, the hypanthium smooth inside, the sepals erect, densely ciliate,
the style cylindrical, the ovary inferior with flat apex; berries black.
Other species of this genus are distributed in the mountains of China,
E.and S. Mong., and the NW Himalayas.

7. R.meyeri Maxim. in Mél. biol. IX (1873) 232 (ex parte). — R.rubrum
var.foliis basi truncatis Kar.et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV
(1842) 356.— R.triste Kar.et Kir.,1l.c. (non Pall.).— R.atropurpureum
Kar. et Kir., 1.c.; Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIX, 1 (1866) 365
(non C.A.M.).— Grossularia atropurpurea Osten-Saken et Rupr.
in Mém. Ac. St. Pétersb. VII sér., XIV (1869) 47.— R.rubrum var.

185

to

intermedium Rgl.et Schmalh.in A.H. P. V (1877) 584.— R.m ey.enri
var.turkestanicum Jancz.in Monogr.d. Groseill. (1907) 299. —
R.petraeum var.atropurpureum Fedtsch., Consp. fl. turk. III (1909)
74,.— R.petraeum var.litwinowii Fedtsch,,1.c. (non Janez.).—

Ic.: Poyarkova in Tr. Prikl. Bot., Gen. i Sel. XXII, 3 (1929) f. 44.
Vernacular name: chernaya kislitsa.

Shrub to 1.5m high, with yellow, glabrous, glandular or slightly pubescent
shoots; leaves on fruiting shoots 2.5—5 (5.5)em in diameter, those on
vegetative shoots to 6 (7)em, orbicular, with cordate or truncate base,
5-lobed, less often trilobate, with little developed, subobtuse or short-
acuminate lobes, glabrous on both sides (f.glabrum A. Pojark.) or
densely pubescent below (f.hirtum A, Pojark.), or glandular -hispid
on both sides, with glandular shoots and petioles (f.glandulosum
A. Pojark.); racemes short, 2—4 (5)em long, dense, 4—12 -flowered; pedicels
1.5 —2 mm long, hairy; flowers turbinate, brownish with purple spots
and nerves or dark dingy purple; berry violet-black, 7—8 mm in diameter,
acid. Fl. June, fr. August. (Plate XIII, Figure 7).

Mountain slopes and gorges inthe middle mountain zone,among shrubs, some -
times penetrating into the subalpine zone,to 3,500 m. — W. Siberia: Alt. (SW part,
near Lake Marka-kul'); Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., syr D., Pam:-Al. 2. Sh.
Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. (W. part of Kunlun, Kuldja and E. Altai near Barkul').
Described from the Trans-Ili Ala-Tau. Type in Leningrad.

Economic importance. Distinguished by its abundant fruiting and pleasant
taste of fruit. Deserves attention as a baccate plant; the fruits may be
used like those of the cultivated red currant R.vulgare Lam. Ornamental
plants.

Note. Erroneously mentioned for the Altai in Krylov's Fl. of W. Siberia.
The specimen from the Ulegumen River cited by Gunge belong to
R.altissimum Turez.; R.atropurpureum var. B C.A.M. and
R.petraeum var.litwinowii Jancz., reported as synonyms, also
belong to this species.

Series 5. Petraeae A. Pojark.— Hypanthium campanulate, smooth inside
or with papilliform excrescences below petals; sepals densely ciliate-
margined; style conical; ovary half-inferior with conical apex; berry
red, dark red, or purple-black, very acid. Apart from our species,
R.petraeum Wulf. (Alps, Carpathians, mountains of N. Africa) also belongs
to this series.

*8. R.latifolium Jancz. in Bull. Acad. Cracov. (1906) 4 (ex parte); ibid.
(1913) 723 (sensu stricto!).— R.petraeum 8B tomentosum Maxim.in
Mél. biol. IX (1873) 231 (ex parte). — R.petraeumatypicum Matsum.,
Ind. pl. jap. Il, 2 (1912) 187.— Ic.: Janez. in Bull. Ac. Crac. (1913) 723, £.5.

Shrub 1—2m high; bark of shoots light brown, strongly ramentaceous;
leaves thin, broad, with cordate base, to 12 cm long and 15cm broad,

3—5 -lobed, with short, broadly triangular lobes, sparsely hairy above,
densely pubescent below, or quite glabrous on both sides, acutely dentate;
racemes 4—8 cm long, loose, 10—20-flowered; pedicels 1.5—3 mm long;
pedicels and axis more or less pubescent or glabrous; flowers 5—7mm long,

186

243

dingy dark purple; sepals slightly spatulate, spreading only at the apex;
style narrowly conical; berry red. Fl. May, fr. June.

Undergrowth of mountain forests.— Not yet found in the Soviet Union.
Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. (S. part of Sakh., Japan, Hokkaido, Honshu; S. Kurile
Islands). Described from Honshu. Type in Cracow.

Economic importance. Ornamental fruit plants; fruits can be used
for the making of jam, syrup, jelly, fruit drinks, etc.

9, R.pallidiflorum A. Pojark. in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, ser.1,2
(1936) 178.— R.atropurpureum var.tomentosum Maxim., Prim.
fl. Amur. (1859) 118; Fr. Schmidt, Fl. amg.-bur. II (1874) 49.— R.petraeum
atypicum Maxim. in Mél. biol. IX (1873) 231 (ex parte quoad pl. e. Li-
Fudin).— R.petraeum Btomentosum Maxim.,l.c. (ex parte) Janez. in
Bull. Ac. Crac. (1913) 721.— R.latifolium Jancz.in Bull. Ac. Cracov.
(1906) 4 (ex parte).— R.petraeum Kom., Fl. Mansch. II (1903) 440 (non
Wulf). — R.latifolium Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'’nevost. kraya I
(1931) 622.— Ic.: Kom.and Alis.,1.c., Plate 146.

Shrub 1—2 m high; pubescent or glandular-hispid shoots covered with
strongly ramentaceous light brown bark; leaves to 10cm broad and 93cm
long, thin, usually 5-lobed, with acute or acuminate triangular lobes,
acutely duplicato-dentate, usually sparsely hairy above, more or less
densely pubescent to tomentose below, or else covered — sparsely above,
densely along the veins below — with long-stalked glands, but then petioles
and shoots also glandular -hispid; racemes 4—10 cm long, 10—27-flowered,
with slender, pubescent axes and pedicels; flowers 4.5—5 mm long, pale,
yellowish or pinkish, with erect sepals spreading only at the apex, and
with narrowly conical styles; berry light red, acid, ca.6 mm in diameter.

Fl. May — June, fr. July. (Plate XIV, Figure 3). Undergrowth, coniferous
forest edges, in rock streams among forests; solitary or in small groups. —
Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uda, Uss., Sakh.,S.Kamch. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch.

(N. Korea). Described from the Ussuri area (between the upper reaches

of the Lifudzin and Dadansy rivers). Type in Leningrad.

Economic importance. Ornamental plants. The berries can be used
for the making of syrup, jam, jelly, and various drinks.

Note. Until now, R.pallidiflorum has been identified with the
Japanese R.latifolium Jancz.; the latter, however, is clearly distinguished
by its dark, dingy purple flowers and by several other characters.

R.pallidiflorum shows great polymorphism ina series of characters:
(1) the pubescence, varying greatly in density and character between different
specimens — this, incidentally, is more or less peculiar to other species of
the subgenus Ribesia; (2) size of leaves and shape oftheir lobes; (3) flower
color, which is always pale but varies from pale yellow to pink. Attempts
to ascertain the geographical character of these variations have failed, but
it should be noted that in Kamchatka and N. Sakhalin, as compared with
the mainland, the prevalence of specimens with very large, usually
broad-lobed leaves is characteristic, and that specimens with leaves
almost devoid of pubescence (not yet known on the mainland) are of
frequent occurrence,

10. R. altissimum Turcz. (in schedis) ex A. Pojark. in Acta Inst. Bot.

Ac. Sc. URSS, sér.1,2 (1936) 179; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 1,198 (pro synon.
R.petraei).— R.triste Pall.in Nova Acta Acad. Petrop. X (1797) 378

187

bo

vi

(ex parte: pl. fruct.).- R.atropurpureum var. 6 C.A.M.in Lab.,

Fl. Alt. I (1829) 268.— R.altaicum Lodd. ex Baxt. in Loud. Hort. brit.,
Suppl. I (1830) 667 (nom. nudum).— R.triste Turez.in Bull. Soc. Nat,
Mose. X (1837) 58 (non Pall.); Fl. baic.-dah, I (1844) 444; Hedlund in Bot.
Notis. (1901) 104.— R, petraeum Ldb., Fl. Ross. II,1,198.— R.petraeum
e@ atropurpureum Krylow, Fl. Alt. I (1901) 466.— R.triste (ex parte)
Kom., Fl. mansh. (1903) 442. — R. petraeum var.litwinowii Jancz. in
Monogr. ad. Groseill. (1907) 294, — R.petraeum var.altissimum Jancz.,
l.e. (non in Bull. Ac. Cracov.1913).— Rratropurpureum (ex parte) Kryl.,
Fl. Zap. Sib. VI, 1441, — Ie.: Poyarkova, l.c., fig. 8 (p. 181). Vernacular
name: chernaya kislitsa.

Shrub 2-3 m high; shoots glabrous or glandular-hispid, the bark dark,
reddish brown, splitting longitudinally and separating in long lamellate
strips; leaves firm, dark green and lustrous above, light and whitish below,
glabrous on both sides or else glabrous along the veins below and
uninterruptedly glandular -hispid above, usually trilobate with slightly
developed broadly triangular lobes, shallowly cordate at base; petioles
usually reddish; racemes 2.5—6 (8)em long, 7-25 -flowered; pedicels
1—2 mm long, pubescent; flowers small, 4—4.5 mm broad, yellowish with
dingy purple spots; sepals peeie Ge: style broadly conical; berry purple-
black, 5-7 mm in diameter. Fl. June, fr. August. (Plate XIV, Figure 2).

Taluses composed of large stones, in the forest zone, often penetrating
into the bald-mountain zone. — W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: SW Lena-Kol.,
(NW end of Leke Baikal), Ang -Say. and W. Dau. Gen.distr.: Mong. (Mong.
and Tuva). Described from the Chikoi River in Dauria. Type in Leningrad.

Note. A species with a very complex synonymy, having been confused
with a number of other eceipone species: with R.triste Pall. which has
red fruits and flat flowers, and with the Central Asian black-fruited
R.meyeri Maxim. (in F . Zap. Sib., the glandular form R.altissimum
is recorded under this name). Botanists have not distinguished it sufficiently
precisely from R.atropurpureum C.A.M., which has red berries,
purple flowers, different leaf shape, light bark, a different distribution area
and different ecology.

Economic importance. Fruits small, with thick skin, but with a pleasant
acid taste. Ofinterestto fruit-growers and breeders owing to the color
and abundance of its fruits.

11. R.atropurpureum C. A. M. in Ldb., Fl. Alt. I (1829) 268 (ex parte:

var.@ et y); A. Pojark.in Bull. of Appl. Bot., Gen. et Plant-Breed. XXII, 3
(1929) 346.— R.triste (non Pall.) Bge., Suppl. Fl. altaic. (1835) 21, —

. triste var. 6 foliis subtus puberulis Bong. et Meyer in Mém. Ac. Se.
St.-Pétersb. Sér. VI, IV (1845) 191.— R.baicalense Turez. in schedis
(pro parte). — R.petraeum (ex parte) Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 1,198. —
R.atropurpureum var.typica Trautv., Enum. pl. song. II (1866) 40. —
R.petraeum @typicum Maxim. in Mél. biol. IX (1873) 230 (ex parte). —
R.petraeum B rubrum Kryl., Fl. Alt. Il (1901) 465. — R.petraeum 6
atropurpureum Jancz.in Monogr. d. Groseill. (1907) 293.— R.atro-
purpureum var.rubrum Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI (1931) 1442.— Ie.: Ladb.,
Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. tab. 231; Poyarkova, l.c., Fig. 46.

188

246

Shrub 1—1.5 m high, with light, grayish yellow shoots; leaves rounded-
cordate, 8-10 cm in diameter, thin, glabrous on both sides or hairy below,
3- or 5-lobed, with acute, well developed upper lobes and inconspicuous
lower lobes, often acutely and coarsely duplicato-dentate; racemes
2—4.5(6)em long, mostly dense, 4—15 (20)-flowered; flowers 4—5 mm long,
purple, rarely light with purple nerves; style broadly conical; berry
red, 8-10 mm in diameter, sometimes to11—13mm. Fl. May— June,
fr. July — August.

Shady slopes and banks of streams and rivers, in mountains and in the
lowland forest zone.— W. Siberia: Ob (S. part), Irt. (SE), Alt.; E. Siberia:
Yenis. (S. part), Ang.-Say.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. (Tarbagatai, Saur).
Gen. distr.: Mong. (Mongolian Altai, Tannu-Ola Range). Described from
the Ursul River inthe Altai. Type in Leningrad.

Hybrids: R.atropurpureum C.A.M.X altissimum Turcz.,
apparently rare. The leaves are firm, bicolor as in the latter species
but with acute lobes and with pubescence below; bark very light brown,
lighter than in R.altissimum and not strongly peeling; berries black
in herbarium specimen. In Altai and on the Slyudyanka River near Lake
Baikal.

Economic importance. May be of importance as a baccate plant.

12. R.biebersteinii Berl. in Mém. Soc. phys. hist. nat. Genéve III, 2 (1826)
60 (nom. nudum); DC., Prodr. III (1828) 482; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II (1930)
242.— R.caucasicum M.B.,FIl.taur.-cauc. III (1819) 160 (non Adams). —
R.rubrum C.A.M., Enum. pl. cauc.-casp. (1831) 154 (non L.).—
R.ciliatum C. Koch in Linnaea XVI (1842) 355.— R.petraeum Ldb.,

Fl. Ross. II, 1,198 (ex parte); Boiss , Fl. Or. II (1872) 816 (non Wulf);
Medvedev, Der. i kust. Kavk. (1919) 166.— R. petraeum var.caucasicum
Janez.in Monogr.d.Groseill. (1907) 293. — Exs.: Pl. Or. Exs., No.186.

Shrub to 2m highwithlight, glabrous shoots; leaves thin, deeply cordate,
large (to 13cm broad and 10cm long), usually 5-lobed, either glabrous on
both sides (f. g1abrum Grossh., l.c.), or densely hairy below (f.hirtum
Grossh., l. c.),rarely with scattered glandular bristles above and with hairs along
the veins below and onthe petioles; racemes 4-12 cm long,horizontal,nodding in
fruit, loose, 15—50-flowered; pedicels 2—3mm long; flowers 5—6 mm long,
dark purple; sepals recurved; hypanthium with conspicuous excrescences
below petals; styles broadly conical; berry small, 6—7(8)mm in diameter,
dark red (mature ?) or black-purple. Fl. June, fr.from end of August.

Subgenus 2. HERITIERA Jancz. (pro sect.) in Bull. Acad. Cracov. (1906) 7
et in Monogr. d. Groseill. in Mém. Soc. phys., hist. nat. Genéve XXXV (1907)
246.—Flowers in racemes, bisexual, flat; stamens attached below petals;
style very short, deeply split. Prostrate, unarmed shrubs. Bud scales soft,
herbaceous; glands stalked crystalline. Berry glandular-hispid, red or
black-red. Apart from the USSR species, there are 6 more species in
the mountains of western North America.

13, R.sachalinense Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XXX (1916) 144; Kom. and

Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I (1931) 621; Poyarkova in Tr. Bot.
Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, I ser., 2 (1936) 199.— R.alfine var.sachalinense

189

247

Pry schmidt, Hlasachal: (4 874) 144.— R.laxiflorum (non Pursh) Maxim. in
Mél1. biol. IX (1873) 227; Janez. (ex parte) in Monogr. d. Groseill. (1907)
306.

Small shrub with decumbent and rooting stems; leaves 4—9.5 cm broad,
orbicular, deeply cordate, glabrous, with long-stalked glands — which cover
also the petioles, inflorescence axis, and pedicels — only along the veins
below; lobes 5—7, large, oblong-rhomboid, acute, duplicato-dentate; racemes
to 10 cm long, 5—15-flowered; flowers purple, with recurved sepals; berry
red, glandular-hispid. Fl. June, fr. July. (Plate XV, Figure 1).

Moist forests and riparian shrub thickets.— Far East: Sakh. Gen.distr.:
Jap.-Ch. (Japan). Described from the island of Shikoku, Japan. Type in
Tokyo.

Economic importance. Fruit edible, rather acid, pleasant to the taste.
Deserves to be cultivated.

14. R.malvifolium A. Pojark.in Bull. Appl. Bot., Genet. and Plant. Breed.
SOX 3) (KO29)Sa20T a2:

Very low shrub; leaves rounded-cordate or reniform, hairy or glandular -
hispid above, with numerous stalked glands and scattered viscous sessile
glands along the veins below, shallowly 5-lobed, with rounded, obtusely
duplicato-dentate lobes; racemes 5—10-flowered; flowers pinkish; sepals
coarsely glandular on the margin; pedicels long, covered — like the axis —
with stalked glands. Fruit unknown. End of flowering: 12 August.

Stony taluses, at 1,200 m. Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Only one habitat is
known, on thenorthern slope of the Gissar Range, in the upper reaches
of the Iskander-Darya River (Komarov, 1892). Type in Leningrad.

Subgenus 3. GROSSULARIOIDES Jancz. in Bull. Acad. Cracov. (1903) 238. —
Flowers white or pinkish, in racemes, bisexual, with flat, broad hypanthium
Berries glandular-hispid. Bud scales membranous; glands stalked,
erystalline. Shoots spiny; spines numerous. Three species in all, of
which'two —(R:lacustre Poir and! Ri monti »enum Me; Claich am
N. America.

15. R.horridum Rupr. in Maxim., Primit.fl.amur. (1859) 117; Kom., Fl.
Mansh. II (1903) 446; Kom.and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I (1931)
622.— R.lacustre var.horridum Jancz.in Bull. Acad. Cracov. (1903)
238.—Ic.: Nakai, Fl. sylv. koreana XV (1926) tab. X. — Exs.: Herb. Fl. URSS,
No. 3143.

Very spiny shrub, 1—1.5m high; spines up to 20, often arranged in 2 or 3
layers; leaves rounded-cordate, 5-, rarely 3-lobed, bluntly duplicato-
dentate, with acicular spines covering them above; racemes to 4cm long,
4—6- flowered, the axis and pedicels covered with red stalked glands;
flowers with broad, recurved sepals and flabellate petals; hypanthium
purple; ovary densely glandular; berry black, glandular-hispid. Fl. June,
fr. July. (Plate XV, Figure 2).

Mountain slopes. — Far East: Uss. (coast), Sakh. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch.
(N. Korea and S.Sakh.). Described from Khadzhi-bau (now Sovetskaya
Gavan'). Type in Leningrad.

190

248

Economic importance. Berries edible, succulent, with acid taste. In
view of its original habitus, this shrub can be used for horticultural purposes.
purposes.

Subgenus 4. EUCOREOSMA Jancz (pro sect.) in Bull. Acad. Cracov. (1906)
7; Berger in New York St. Agric. Exper. Stat. Techn. Bull., No. 109 (1929)
29.— Flowers bisexual, in racemes, with cup-shaped or campanulate or
goblet-shaped hypanthium and half-inferior or inferior ovary. Bud scales
soft, herbaceous. Glands punctate, yellow, aromatic.

Series 1. Nigrae A. Pojark. (Black currants).— Flowers campanulate or
cyathiform, with oval petals. Leaves large, cordate, with well developed
lobes: Berry black{aromatic. Shrubs 0.75—-1.5m high. Series) distribution
area: from France and Great Britain to the Pacific Ocean; apparently
only the above-mentioned species.

Economic importance. Berries of all species edible, differing little in
taste from the cultivated black currant; R.nigrum L. is the ancestor
of numerous strains and its Siberian variety the ancestor of others.

May be used for the same purposes as R.nigrum.

*16, R.ussuriense Jancz. in Bull. Acad. Cracov. (1906) 12; Poyarkova
in Tr. Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR I, ser.2 (1936) 185. — Monogr. d. Groseill.
(1907) 349.— Ic.: Jancz., Monogr jf.) 09), 80); Poyarkovad): c:; fy9. A;

Branching shrub ca.1m high, producing abundant root suckers, with
golden-yellow hairy shoots; leaves to 10cm broad, firm, bright green,
lustrous, initially scattered-hairy above, later glabrous, pubescent below
along the veins, acutely dentate, 5-lobed, with acute or acuminate lobes;
racemes to 2.5cm long, 5—9-flowered; pedicels 3-5 mm long, hairy;
bracts lanceolate, 2—2.5mm long; flowers pale or yellowish, 7-8 mm
long, glandular and not densely hairy outside, with slightly pentagonal
hypanthium 2—2.5 times as broad as high; style entire; ovary broadly
conical at the apex, densely glandular in lower part; berry black, small,
with slender, nodding stalk. Fl. June, fr. July.

This species has not yet been found in the Soviet Union. Only one habitat
is known, viz., on the Segelsu River, an affluent of the Tumen in N. Korea.
Described after a cultivated specimen. Type in Cracow.

Economic importance. Baccate plants with small, irregularly maturing,
soon deciduous fruits, differing little in taste from other species of this
series.

Note. R.ussuriense has been described after a cultivated specimen
grown in the Cracow Botanical Garden fromseeds received from Khabarovsk
and allegedly gathered in various unknown sites in the Ussuria region.

The black currant growing in the vicinity of Khabarovsk and in the Amur
Valley is identical to the Daurian R.pauciflorum Turcz.,and differs from
R.ussuriense Jancz.in a series of characters enumerated in the key.
There is only one specimen from Lake Khanka in the Ussuri region; it has
been collected in a sterile state and therefore cannot be determined.

191

(249)

PLATE XIV, 1—Ribes manshuricum (Maxim.) Kom., flower; 2—R.altissimum Turez.,
a) flower, b) flower section; 3—R.pallidiflorum A. Pojark., flower; 4—R.nigrum L., a) flower;
5 —R.dikuscha Fisch., a) flower; 6—R. procumbens Pall., a) flower.

192

17. R.pauciflorum Turcz. ex Pojark. in Sched. Herb. Fl. URSS, X (1936)
69; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II,1, 200 (pro synon. R.nigr i). -— Renigrum Turcz.,

Fl. baic.-dah. I, 1844,445 (non L.); Kom., Fl. Mansh. II (1903) 435. —

R.nigrum var.praecox E. Wolf in Mitt. deutsch. dendr. Gesellsch.

XXXIV (1924) 331.— R.ussuriense (non Jancz.) Kom.and Alis., Mal.

opred. rast. D. Vost. (1925) 250; Opred. rast. Dal!nevost. kraya I (1931) 621. —
251 Ic.: Poyarkova in Tr. Bot. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR I, ser. 2 (1936), Fig. 9.

Shrub to 1.5m high, with yellowish gray, pubescent shoots with numerous
root suckers; leaves 5—8 (9)cm in diameter, glabrous above, pubescent
along the veins below, 5-lobed, the lobes short, broadly triangular, subobtuse,
the middle lobe usually larger than the lateral; racemes 1.5—3 cm long,

(2) 3—6 (8)-flowered; pedicels 1.5—3 (4) mm long, densely pilose like the
axis; bracts linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, 2—3 (4) mm long; flowers
yellowish, small, 6—7 (8)mm long, densely pubescent outside; hypanthium
short, hemispherical, smooth, twice as broad as high; sepals ligulate,
2—2.5 times as long as broad, acute or obtuse, densely hairy outside,
sometimes slightly flesh-colored; style about as long as stamens, entire;
ovary high-conical, its lower part densely glandular; berry large,
ca.10—13mm indiameter. Fl. May—June; fr. July.

Mixed and deciduous mountain and floodplain forests and forest edges;
solitary or in small thickets; often settles on dry forest burns, where it
grows abundantly. — E. Siberia: Lena-Kol. (S. part), Eastern part of Ang.-Say.,
Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uda, Uss.? Gen.distr.: Manchuria. Described
from Dauria. Type in Leningrad.

Economic importance. Deserves attention as an excellent baccate plant
with large tasty, abundant fruit and a great capacity for vegetative
proliferation by means of root suckers.

18. R. kolymense Kom. ex Pojark. in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. ser., I, 2
(1936) 111; Kom., Vved.vo Fl. Yakut. I (1926) 142 (nom. nud.).— R.nigrum
var.kolymense Trautv. Fl. ripar. kolym. (1878) 34.— Ic.: Poyarkova,
l.c., Fig.10 (p.189).

Shrub; young shoots pubescent, yellow, the annual shoots subglabrous,
brownish; leaves dull, hairy along the veins on both sides, to 6.5 mm broad
on flowering shoots, trilobate, with long, acute, coarsely dentate lobes,
rounded or slightly cordate at base; leaves on sterile shoots to 10cm
broad, obtusely lobed, with large, obtuse, mostly simple teeth on the
margin; racemes short,2—3.5 cm long, 3—5-flowered; pedicels (2.5)3—5 mm
long, hairy like the axis; flowers 9-10 mm long, cyathiform, densely
pubescent outside and, in addition, glandular; hypathium 1.5—2 times as
high as broad; sepals erect, their upper part slightly recurved, narrow
(2.3—3 times as long as broad); styles split to the middle; ovary high-
conical, with glandular lower part. July.

Rocky slopes.— E.Siberia: Lena-Kol. Only one habitat on the banks of
the Kolyma River (above Sredne-Kolymsk) is known. Type in Leningrad.

Bt 19. R.turbinatum A. Pojark. in Bull. Appl. Bot., Genet. a. Plant. Breed.
XXII, 3 (1929) 349.— R.nigrum var.pauciflorum Jancz. (ex parte) in
Monogr. (1907) 341.— Ic.: Poyarkova, l.c., Fig. 50.

Shrub; shoots pubescent, initially brownish yellow, later nearly gray;

leaves to 10cm broad, firm, glabrous, lustrous, acutely lobed and acutely

193

53

dentate; racemes ca.3cm long, 4—7-flowered, with glabrous axis and
pedicels; bracts lanceolate,2—3 mm long; flowers ca. 9mm long, flesh-
colored, with scattered pubescence and slightly glandular outside;
hypanthium pentagonal, tapering below the sepals, constricted (turbinate)
at the apex, about as high as broad; sepals broad, only 1.5 times longer
than broad, obtuse, sometimes overlapping; style glabrous. June.

Riparian shrub thickets. — W. Siberia: Alt.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb.
Known only from the Narym Range and the Dzungarian Ala-Tau. Described
from the Narym Range. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Species requiring further study and observation in situ; differs
sharply fromthe Siberian black currant in the shape of its hypanthium and
its broad sepals.

20. R.janczewskii A. Pojark. in Bull. Appl. Bot., Genet. and Plant. Breed.
XXII, 3 (1929) 346, £.47.

Shoots glabrous or scattered-hairy, golden, later dingy yellow; leaves
deeply cordate, thin, lustrous, glabrous, to 15 cm broad, 5-lobed, with large,
acute or acuminate lobes, acutely dentate, often duplicato-dentate or
incised-dentate; racemes to 5cm long, 5—10-flowered, with glabrous axis
and pedicels and with lanceolate bracts; flowers to 12 mm long,
flesh-colored, pubescent and glandular outside; hypanthium campanulate,
about as high as broad; sepals obtuse, 2—2.25 times as long as broad;
petals broadly oval, almost without claw; berry large, to 13mm in
diameter. Fl. June, fr. August.

Gorges and mountain river valleys, to 3,000 m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al.
(Zeravshan, Gissar, Vakhan, and Shugnan ranges), T. Sh. (W. Tien Shan and
Kirghiz Ala-Tau (former Aleksandrovskii Range)). Endemic. Described
from Kul'-i-kalon in the Zeravshan Range). Type in Leningrad.

Economic importance. Excellent baccate plants with large, aromatic
fruits. Ornamental owing to large, lustrous, deeply lobed leaves.

21. R.nigrum L., Sp. pl. (1753) 201; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 1, 200 (ex parte);
Shmal'g., Fl. Sr. Ross. I (1895) 358.— R.olidum Moench, Meth. pl.
(1794) 683. — Botryocarpum nigrum Rich., Bot. Méd. II (1823) 490. —
Grossularia nigra Rupr., Fl. ingrica (1859) 418.— Ic.: Rchb., Ic.
Blogenm. SOS taw set

Shrub 1—1.25 m high; shoots pubescent, initially pale, becoming light
brownish toward end of summer; leaves dull, glabrous above, pubescent
along the veins below, to 10 (12)cm broad, 3-,less often 5-lobed, the lobes
usually broadly triangular, the middle lobe often elongated; racemes
3—5 (8) cm long, 5—10-flowered; pedicels glabrous or pubescent, 3-8 mm
long; bracts 1—2 (3)mm long, varying from oval to linear-lanceolate; flowers
7—9 mm long, lilac or pinkish gray, mostly densely pubescent outside;
hypanthium hemispherical-campanulate, as broad or 1.5 times as broad
as high; sepals recurved, subacute, rather broad (2—2.25 times longer
than broad); style usually entire; berry ca.10 mm in diameter, sometimes
brown or greenish. Fl. May—June, fr. July. (Plate XIV, Figure 4).

Riparian thickets, moist forests and forest edges, alder stands, bog
margins, moist meadows; solitary or in small thickets.— Arctic:

194

Are, Hur.; European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech.; Lad.-Ilm., U. V., V.-Kama,
U. Dnp., M. Dnp., V.-Don, Transv.; Caucasus: Cisc. ?,5. Transc. (on the
Arpa-chai River and its affluent the Istisu in the Daralagez — Armenia);

W. Siberia: Ob, U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: Yenis., Lena-Kol. (SW),
Ang.-Say.; Centr. Asia: Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb. Gen.distr.: Mong. (NW).
Described fromSweden. ‘Type in London.

Note 1. While the typical form has campanulate flowers,
var.sibiricum W. Wolf (Mitt. deutsch. dendr. Ges. XXXIV (1924) 331;
Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI (1931) 1445.— R.nigrum var.pauciflorum Jancz.
in Monogr. (1907) 347 (ex parte).— R.cyathiforme A. Pojark. in Bull.
Appl. Bot., Genet. and Plant Breed. XXII, 3 (1929) 344, f.51), is distinguished
by its narrower flowers, the hypanthium 1.5 times or more longer than
broad, narrower sepals,and usually split style. This variety occurs only
in a certain part of the distribution area of R.nigrum L.,namely in the
mountain regions of Kazakhstan where it is widely distributed together with
the typical form (var.europaeum Jancz.,l.c.). In southern Siberia it
occurs infrequently, and it is difficult to separate the two forms, which are
linked by transitions.

Note 2. No reliable information regarding the occurrence of R.nigrum
in the Caucasus has been available until recently, although in 1924 E. Wolf
(in Mitteil. d. deutsch. dendr. Ges. XXXIV (1 924) p. 330) described the variety
R.nigrum var.caucasicum E. Wolf after a specimen grown from
seeds allegedly received from the Caucasus. For this specimen he reports
1—4-flowered racemes, with pedicels shorter than flowers, hemispherical-
campanulate hypanthium, light green, sometimes slightly pigmented sepals,
dentate or even lobate petals, often irregular in shape, and even several
properties concerning the color and shape of buds and flower-buds. The
black currants I found in 1936 in the Daralagez Range (Armenia), on the
rocky banks of the Arpa-chai and Istisu rivers, were collected during
fruiting and therefore could not be compared fully to var.caucasicum,
but the following differences from the latter may be noted: more abundant
4—9-flowered raceme and entire, acute, ligulate, short-clawed petals of
regular shape. Thus, the question of the Caucasian mountain currants
versus the European currants is an issue to be settled when more
complete material is available.

Economic importance. R.nigrum L.is the ancestor of nearly all
varieties of cultivated black currants. It is very valuable for the abundant
vitamin C in its berries. The berries are eaten raw and are used for making
jam, syrup, jelly, canned food, candy, marinades, refreshing drinks,
fruit wine, infusions, and liqueur. The leaves are used for vegetable
preservation and sometimes as a tea substitute. Percentage chemical
composition of berry sap according to Hegi: 36.1 — water, 10.4—12.8 sugars,
2.7—3.7 free acids, (mainly malic acid), small quantity of pectins, 0.7—0.93 —
ash; ash content: 16.4% CaO,13.8% P,O,,5.2% MgO. The leaves, and
especially the flowers and buds, contain essential oil.

Ornamental shrubs. Variegated- and laciniate-leaved forms are known
(f.apiifolium and f.aconitifolium Kirchn).

254

Series 2. Dikuschae A. Pojark.— Flowers white, flat, with flabellate
petals, cylindrical style, and inferior ovary. Berry black-blue or black,

195

255

not aromatic. Shrubs with large, orbicular leaves, the leaf lobes well
developed. — The N. American R.petiolare Dougl. (mountains of the
Southwest) and R.hudsonianum Rich. (Canada — from Alaska to
the Hudson Bay) are closely related species.

22. R.dikuscha Fisch. in Turcz., Fl. baic.-dah. I (1842) 445; Trautv.
et Mey., Fl. ochot. (1856) 40; ‘Maxim. in Mél. biol. IX (1873) 223; Kom., Fl.
Manch. II (1903) 446; Vved.v izuch. rast. Yakut.I (1936) 142; Kom. and
Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I (1931) 621.— R.kamericanum Pall.,
Fl. Ross. I, 2 (1788) 34 (non Mill.). — Reap pendiiculatumpkryd. im
Sched. Herb. Fl. Ross. VI (1908) 128.— Ic.: Poyarkova in Tr. Bot. Inst.
Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1 ser.2 (1936), Fig.11.— Exs.: HFR, No. 1929.
Vernacular name: aldanskii vinograd.

Shrub; leaves to 13cm long, 10 cm broad, light, slightly glaucous-green,
glabrous on both sides or pubescent along the veins below, acutely 3- or
5-lobed, with cordate base; racemes to 8 cm long, 8—13-flowered, loose;
pedicels slender, 3—7 (12) mm long, glabrous; flowers large,to 9mm in
diameter; sepals tomentose-pubescent on both sides; hypanthium and
ovary glabrous outside; berry to 13mm in diameter, blue-black with
waxy bloom. Fl. June, fr. August. (Plate XIV, Figure 5).

River islands, river alluvium and stony banks, riverain deciduous forest
strips, including their edges; often insmall thickets. — Arctic: An.;

E. Siberia: Lena-Kol., Dau. (NW part); Far East (rarely): Ze.-Bu.
(isolated sites in the upper reaches of the Zeya River, on the Selemdzha,
Urkan, and Bureya rivers), Uda, Uss. (known only from the Botchi River).
Endemic. Described from Upper Angara River. Type in Leningrad.

Economic importance. The berries of this species are not aromatic
and resemble Vaccinium ulitgonosum L. Distinguished by very
large fruits and abundant fruiting. The crossing of these currants with
other species of the subgenus Eucoreosma — distinguished by the
excellent taste of their berries — promises good results.

Series 3. Procumbentes A. Pojark.— Flowers flat, purple, with flabellate
or obtriangular petals, conical style, and half-inferior ovary. Berry
brown. Low shrub. One species.

23. R.procumbens Pall., Fl. Ross. 1,2 (1788) 35; Turcz., Fl. baic.-dah. I,
446; Ldb., Fl. Ross. 0, 1,198; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VI, 1444; Kom., Fl.
Mansh. II (1903) 436; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya I (1931)
621.—Ic.: Pall.,l.c., tab.65; Poyarkova in Trud. Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR,
I ser.2 (1936), Fig. 13.— Exs.: Herb. Fl. URSS, No. 3146a, 3146b, 3146c.

Low shrub to 25cm high; branches prostrate, often decumbent and
rooting; lustrous golden shoots beset with sparse punctate glands;
leaves glabrous, to 6cm long and 8cm broad, dark green, lustrous, and
smooth above, light, whitish, with sparsely scattered glands below,orbicular
or rounded-reniform, 3- or 5-lobed, with mostly rounded, rarely subacute,
coarsely dentate lobes and with cordate or truncate base; raceme short,
6—10 -flowered, the axis and pedicels glabrous; bracts very short or
absent; flowers 5—-8mm in diameter; hypanthium greenish, glabrous outside

196

256

or with few glands; sepals purple, densely tomentose-pubescent on both
sides; berry ca.1cm, sepals purple, densely tomentose -pubescent on
both sides; berry ca.1 cm, Sometimes to 12—13cm in diameter, greenish,
dark brown near the tip, very aromatic. Fl. June, fr. July — August.
(Plate XIV, Figure 6).

Well drained sites with moistened soil, stream and spring banks, moist
forests, stony moss-covered soils. — W. Siberia: Irt., Alt., Ob (S.);

E. Siberia: Yenis.(S.), Lena-Kol. (S.), Ang.-Say., Dau.; Far East: Okh.,
Ze.-Bu., Uda, Uss. (very rarely; known fromthe Botchi River and from
Sovetskaya Gavan), Sakh. ? Gen.distr.: Mong. (Tuva ASSR, N. Mong.)
and Jap.-Ch.(N. Korea, Manchuria). Described from Dauria. Type in
London.

Economic importance. Distinguished by its exceptional gustatory
qualities. Extensively used by local population for the making of jam,
liqueur,etc. Sometimes cultivated by local amateurs and horticulturists.
Fully deserves to be widely cultivated.

Series 4. Fragrantes A. Pojark.— Flowers flat, white, with flabellate
petals, cylindrical style, and inferior ovary. Berry brown. Low shrubs
with reniform leaves, the lobes slightly developed. Two species in the
USSR.

24, R.fragrars Pall, in Nova Acta Ac. Petrop. X (1797) 377; Turcz.,

Fl. baic.-dah. I, 447; Kom., Fl. Mansh. II (1 903) 437; Jancz.in Monogr. d.
Groseill. (1907) 343 (ex parte); Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost.
kraya I (1931) 621.— R. pneobalsamum Sievers in Neuerst.nord. Beitr.
Ill (1796) 218 (nom. nud.).— R.fragrans a glabrum Ldb., FI. Ross. II,

1 (1844) 197.— R. suaveolens Wiiree~-. IPL, seule, =cleava,. Ils Ge (pro synon.). =
Ic.: Pall.,l.c.,tab. 9; Lodd., Bot. cab. XVI (1829) tab. 1533.— Exs.: H. Fl.
URSS, No. 3141a, 3141b.

Shrub not more than 50—70 cm high, with ascending branches and densely
glandular shoots; leaves coriaceous, to 6 cm broad, dark green, glabrous,
and lustrous above, densely covered with glands below, trilobate, with
slightly developed, sometimes inconspicuous rounded or rounded-triangular
lobes, acutely dentate; racemes to 5cm long, 6—12-flowered; pedicels
long, 2—4 mm, densely glandular and sometimes, in addition, hairy; sepals
arachnoid-pubescent on both sides; hypanthium greenish, glabrous outside
or glandular; berry red-brown (black at maturity), ca.8mm in diameter,
sometimes bitter. F1.June, fr.from end of July.

Mountain slopes, among rocks and on stony taluses, to lower part of
the bald-mountain zone. — E. Siberia: Lena-Kol., Ang.-Say.(E.), Dau.;

Far East: Okh., Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen.distr.: Mong.(NE). Described from
the Chikoi River in Transbaikalia. Type in London.

25. R.graveolens Bge. in Suppl. Fl. Alt. (1835) 19; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VL
1443.— R.fragrans Bong.et Meyer in Mém. Ac. Sc. St. Pétersb. VI,
sér. Sc. nat. IV (1845) 191 (non Pall.). — R.fragrans 6 infracanum
Ldb., Fl. Ross. II,1 (1844) 197.— R.fragrans (ex parte) Jancz. in
Monogr. d. Groseill. (1907) 343.

197

58

Low shrub with ascending branches and hairy, densely glandular shoots;
leaves small, 1—3(5)cm broad, firm, dull and rugose above, densely covered
below with punctate glands in addition to tomentose pubescence; racemes
2—4 (5) cm long, 4-10 -flowered, the axis and pedicels glandular and densely
pubescent; berry 8-10 mm in diameter, brown. Fl. June—July, fr. August.

Subalpine zone, stony slopes and rock streams, also sometimes in
gravelly and moss-and-lichen tundra. — W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia:
Ang.-Say. Gen.distr.: NW and N. Mong. Described from the Chuya
River in the Altai. Type in Leningrad.

Subgenus 5. BERISIA Spach, Hist. nat.d. Veg. VI (1838) 167; JANeZs,
Monogr. d. Groseill. (1907) 259. — Flowers in erect racemes with large
bracts, dioecious, the staminate with almost wholly reduced ovary, the
pistillate with abortive stamens; petals very small; bud scales membranous;
glands stalked and crystalline or viscous and sessile.

Economic importance. The berries are unpleasant to the taste, inedible
when raw, but can be used for the preparation of fruit drinks and fruit wine.
Some species are ornamental.

Series 1. Orientales A.Pojark.— Flowers hairy outside, whitish or
purple; berries sometimes hairy or slightly glandular. Low, unarmed
shrubs with pubescence of spreading hairs, usually in addition to viscous,
aromatic, sessile glands and crystalline stalked glands. Distribution
area of the series: E. Med. and mountains of Middle Asia.

26. R.orientale Desf., Hist. d.arbr. II (1790) 88; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II,

UP SI Sm Crelosicieys. IMlig kGelvidies JUL (1931) 241.— Exs.: Fl. cauc. exs., No. 136.

Shrub to 1m high; leaves 1.5—4.5 cm broad, usually broad, with truncate
base, dark green, lustrous, 3- or 5-lobed, partly coarsely duplicato-dentate,
hairy on both sides but more densely so below, with, in addition, 2 types
of glands: sessile and viscous, scattered on both sides of leaves and
communicating a resinous odor to the leaves, and stalked crystalline
glands, usually densely covering, in the form of bristles, the upper
surface of the leaves and the veins on the underside, and in the form
of glandular hairs covering the petioles, inflorescence axis, and pedicels,
which, in addition, are rather densely pubescent with simple spreading hairs.
Flowers white (flower buds sometimes brownish-reddish); berries red,
glabrous or covered with sparse glands. Fl. May, fr. July.

Rocky sites on mountain slopes in the 1,200 — 2,000 m belt. — Caucasus:
Cisc., Main Range, W., E.,and S. Transc., Dag., Tal. Gen.distr.: Arm.-Kurd.
(Turkish Armenia), Bal.-As. Min. (As. Min., Greece), E. Med. (Lebanon).
Described from Lebanon. Type in Paris.

Note. In his monograph, Janczewski, who understood the species
R.orientale Desf.sensu latb., and who groups under this name all
species of the series Orientales, separates the Caucasian plants as
a distinct variety, R.orientale var.genuinum Jancz., indicating that
they are distinguished from the Lebanese plants (R.orientale var.
resinosum Jancz.) by their dark green, lustrous, flat leaves, with mat,
grayish, slightly rugose leaves.

198

259

Due to the lack of herbarium specimens from Asia Minor, Lebanon,
and Greece, it is impossible to verify and evaluate the taxonomic significance
of the differences indicated nor has it been possible to ascertain whether
in the E. Mediterranean area one is dealing with one species, or whether
here — as in Middle Asia — the currants of the series Orientales are
differentiated into several geographic races.

27. R.melananthum Boiss. et Hoh. ex Kotschy, Pl. Pers. bor. 1846; Boiss.
Diagn. I Ser. X (1849) 19; Pojark.in Bull. Appl. Bot. Gen. and Pl. Breed. XXII,
3 (1929) 339; in Acta Inst. bot. Acad. Sc. URSS, 1 ser., II (1936) 203.

Low shrub with crowded, curved branches; leaves small,1—2 cm
broad, slender, pubescent on both sides, incised to the middle into 3 obtuse
lobes, with few large teeth on the margin and with cordate base; petioles
with pubescence of spreading hairs with an admixture of glandular hairs;
inflorescence axis and pedicels hairy; bracts oblong-oval, glandular on the
margin; flowers dark purple; berries unknown.

Rocky mountain slopes; vary rare.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm.

Gen. distr.: Iran. (Mt. Elburz). The single sterile currant specimen
supposedly belonging to this species has been collected on Mt. Chapan-Dagh
in E. Kopet Daghand is identical to the original specimen R.melananthum
Boiss. et Hoh. except for the rather abundant pubescence on the petioles.

No other sites are known in the Soviet Union. Described from the

Naseron Range in the Demavend and Elburz mountains and not reported
from anywhere else. Type in Geneva; cotype in Leningrad.

28. R.heterotrichum C. A. M. in Ldb., Fl. Alt. 1 (1829) 270; Ladb., Fl.
Ross. ll W197; *Kryl. pFliZap. Sibi V1jt4400—7 EG ross ular ia cadie nei;
phylla Osten-Sacken et Rupr.in Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. Sér. VII, XIV
(1869) 47.— R.orientale var.heterotrichum Jancz. in Monogr. d.
Groseill. (1907) 458; Fedtsch.; Consp. Fl. turk. III (1909) 76.— Ic.: Ldb.,
Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. (1831) tab.235; Poyarkova in Tr. Prikl. Bot., Gen.i Sel.
XXII, 3 (1929), Fig. 42.

Low, prostrate shrub with glabrous or spreadingly pubescent slender
shoots; leaves 1—3 cm broad, firm, orbicular, broadly cuneate or cordate
at base, dull or lustrous above, subglabrous on both sides and slightly
pubescent, sometimes with scattered viscous glands, shallowly trilobate,
coarsely dentate; petioles and inflorescence covered with spreading
simple hairs, often with an admixture of glandular hairs; flowers dingy
purple; berry orange-yellow, glabrous or hairy. Fl. May— June,
fr.from July.

Stony mountain slopes, among stony taluses, and in taluses in the middle
and subalpine zones (1,500—3,000 m). W.Siberia: Alt.; Centr. Asia:
Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh. (E. and Centr.), Pam.-Al. (northern spurs of the Alai
Range; in the Gissar Range and Darvaz — very rarely). Gen.distr.:
Dzu.-Kash.: Chinese Dzungaria, Kashgariya ? Described from Bukhtarminsk
in the Altai. Type in Leningrad.

29. R.villosum Wall. in Roxburgh, FI. Ind. II (1824) 514; Pojarkova in
Acta Inst. bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, I ser., 2 (1936) 204.— R.leptostachyum
Decne. in Jacquem., Voy.d. l'Inde IV (1844) 65 (non Benth.).— R. glutino-
sum Decne., l.c. (pro synon.). — R.orientale var. schugnanicum

199

260

B. Fedtsch. in Trav. Mus. bot. Acad. Sc. St. Pétersb. I (1902) 134. —
R.heterotrichum A. Pojark. in Bull. Appl. Bot., Genet. a. Pl. Breed. XIII,
3 (1929) 337, ex parte: quoad pl.ex/ Schugnan:— Ic:: Decne; l.c., fab.76-

Low, prostrate shrub, profusely branching and very densely leafy;
shoots very strong and thick, strongly pubescent, usually densely covered
with viscous glands; petioles short, mostly half as long as blade, those on
shortened shoots often */, —*/3 as long as blade, 1.2—3.5 cm broad, rigid,
dull, hairy on both sides, but more densely so below, usually with a
considerable admixture of viscous glands, trilobate or obscurely 5-lobed,
the lobes weakly developed, obtuse, with large, mostly subobtuse teeth;
petioles, inflorescence axis and pedicels densely hairy; flowers purple;
berry orange-yellow, glabrous or with sparse hairs. Fl. May —June,
fr. July — August. (Plate XV, Figure 4).

Stony slopes, rock crevices, taluses, from the middle mountain zone
to 4,000 m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. — only in Shugnan, Vakhan, and
W. Pamir (Lake Yashil-kul'). Gen. distr.: Ind.-Him., in the NW Himalayas.
Described from Kashmir (Srinagar). Type in London.

Note. A specimen with colorless (whitish) flowers (f.albiflorum
A. Pojark.) was collected by I. A. Raikova on the Shakhdara River in the
W. Pamir.

Series 2. Alpinae A. Pojark.— Fruiting racemes usually 3-flowered;
flowers — including ovary — glabrous, greenish; berries red. All glands
crystalline and stalked. Shoots unarmed, light; leaves dull, with well
developed lobes.

Few species distributed inthe Far East, including Japan, central China,
and Europe.

30. R.maximoviczianum Kom., Fl. Mansh. II (1904) 787 (ex parte). —
R. Maximov lez 1 (@hulm b ros ume Noma ics 4436 hve an) piismmulimany
manshuricum Maxim. in Mél. biol. IX (1873) 239.— R.distans a
manshuricum Jancz. in Bull. Acad. Cracov (1906) 289; Monogr. d.
Groseill. (1907) 460.— R.tricuspe a typicum Nakai in Bot. Mag.
Tokyo XXX (1908) 142.— Ic.: Nakai, Fl. sylv. kor. XV (1926) tab. V;
Poyarkova in Tr. Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR,1 ser.,2 (1936), Fig. 15.

Low shrub, 40—60cm high; branches spreading, bending downward, and
rooting, with annual brown and older brownish gray shoots; leaves on
fruiting branchlets 1.5—4 cm long, those on sterile branches to 5.5cm
long, with cordate or truncate base, slender, dull, dark green and covered
with glandular bristles above, light and glabrous or with sparse glandular
hairs along the veins below, trilobate, sometimes with the rudiments of
a second pair of lobes at base; lobes acuminate or acute, the middle lobe
often rhomboid, the lateral triangular, acutely and coarsely dentate;
staminate flowers in loose 10—13-flowered racemes; fruiting racemes
1—3-flowered; axis and peduncles beset with stalked glands; bracts longer
than flowers, lanceolate; young berries narrowly oblong at maturity,
oval, obovate, or clavate. Unpleasant to the taste. Fl. June, fr. August.

Mixed forests (Siberian stone pine and broadleaf), in undergrowth and
in the shade of rocks.— Far East: Uss. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch. — Manchuria
(Kirin Province) and N. Korea. Described from the Lifuding River.

Type in Leningrad.

200

(261)

PLATE XV. 1—Ribes sachalinense Nakai.; 2 —R.horridum Rupr., a) section of flower;
3 —R.saxatile Pall., a) pistillate flower, b) staminate flower; 4 —R.villosum Wall.; _
5 —R.alpinum L.; 6 —R.lucidum Kit.; 7 —Grossularia acicularis (Smith) Berger,

a) flower.

201

263

Note. This species should be differentiated from another Far Eastern
representative of the subgenus Berisia — R.komarovii A. Pojark.,a
tall shrub with lustrous leaves, glabrous above, the lobes weakly developed,
and with longer fruiting raceme; the ecological conditions also differ.

31.2 R alpinum L.; Sp. plt(1753) 200;" M.'B., Pita. -cauc yl 70; “dl,
Fl. Ross. Il, 1,196; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 357 (ex parte); Grossg., Fl. Kavk. 2
(1930) 241.—Grossularia insipida Rupr., Fl. ingrica (1860) 419
(pro max. parte).—Ic.: Rcehb., Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIII, tab. 135.

Shrub to 1.5m high, with slender shoots initially brown, turning gray
toward the second year; leaves 1.5—4cm in diameter, those on sterile
shoots slightly larger, with cordate, truncate, or rounded-cuneate base, dark
green and covered by glandular bristles above, light and glabrous or slightly
hairy-trilobate or with the rudiments of a scond pair of lobes at base; lobes
below, acute, broadly triangular, the middle lobe sometimes elongated,
rhomboid; staminate flowers 8—12in racemes, 3.5—4cm long; fruiting
racemes short, 3-, sometimes 2- or 4-flowered; pedicels of pistillate flowers
short, 1.5mm long, 2.5—3 mm in fruit, glandular like the axis; berry red,
orbicul-~ from the very beginning, globose at maturity, 7— 9 mm in diameter,
unpleasant to the taste. Fl. May—June, fr. July. (Plate XV, Figure 5).

Broadleaf and spruce-broadleaf forests, forest edges, among shrubs,
riverbanks; on slopes: mainly stony — limestone as well as granite slopes;
rocky forest sites in the Caucasus.— European part: Lad. -Ilm., U. Dnp. ;
Caucasus: Cisc., W.and S. Transc. Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. and S. Eur.
Described from Sweden. Type in London.

Economic importance. Berries used locally in Europe for the preparation
of fermented fruit drinks. Ornamental.

Series 3. Lucidae A.Pojark.— Fruiting racemes 5—11-flowered;
flowers — including ovary — glabrous, greenish; berries red; glands
crystalline, stalked. Shoots light, unarmed. Shrubs with lustrous leaves.

Few distributed in the Far East (except Japan), in central China and
Europe.

32. R.komarovii A. Pojark.in Acta Inst. bot. Acad. Sc. URSS, ser. I, 2
(1936)209.-R.maximoviczii (maximoviczianum) B saxatile
Kom., Fl. Mansh. II (1904) 443 (conf. p. 787).— Ic.: Poyarkova, l.c., Fig. 16.

Branching shrub to 2.5m high, with glabrous shoots; leaves 2—4.5cm
in diameter, firm, orbicular, with truncate or rounded-cuneate base, lustrous,
light green, glabrous above, with sparse glandular bristles along the veins
below, trilobate, with slightly developed obtuse lateral lobes and larger,
sometimes acute, middle lobe; staminate flowers unknown, pistillate flowers
in erect 5—11-flowered racemes, small, greenish, with oval sepals and very
small cuneate petals,the pedicels 0.5—2.5 mm long,covered — like the axis with
stalked glands; berry oblong when young, globose at maturity. Fl. May, fr. July.

Scrub, open stony slopes, rocks, crests, calcareous outcrops.— Far East:
Uss., Suifun River basin. Gen. distr.: N. Korea (on the Yalu River).
Described from the Vostochnyi Ushagou River, a tributary of the Suifun,
in the [former] Ussuri Territory. Type in Leningrad.

202

264

265

Economic importance. Ornamental owing to beautiful lustrous foliage
and dense rounded crown; the berries can be used to make fermented drinks.

33. R.lucidum Kit. in Linnaea XXXII (1863) 481; Pojarkova in Acta
Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, ser. 1, 2 (1936) 210.—R.alpinum Jancz. in Monogr.
d. Groseill. (1907) 460 (non L.); Shmal'g., Fl. 1,357 (ex parte). — Ic.:
Syreishchikov, Fl. Mosk. gub. II (1907) figure on 223 (under R.alpinum);
Poyarkova, l.c., Figure 17.

Shrub to 2 m high, profusely branching, with dense crown and erect
branches; leaves 2—5.5cm in diameter,to 6.5cm on sterile shoots, oblong-
cuneate, lustrous, usually glabrous above, less often with sparse glandular
hairs, trilobate, the middle lobe acute, elongate, the lateral smaller and
more obtuse, with large, sparse, mostly obtuse teeth, the blade base rounded
or cuneate, rarely truncate at base; racemes of staminate flowers 2.5—5.5cm
long, 12 — 30-flowered, fruiting racemes 5 — 8-flowered; axis and pedicels
glandular, the latter short in pistillate flowers, 0.6 —1 mm in fruit 2.5—3mm
long; berry initially oblong, subglobose at maturity, 7— 10mm in diameter,
red, unpleasant to the taste. Fl. May— June, fr. July. (Plate XV, Figure 6).

Slopes in shrub thickets and forests.— European part: Lad. -Ilm., U.
Dnp.; Caucasus: W.and E. Transc. Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr.and S. Eur.
Described from Hungary. Type unknown.

Note. R.lucidum Kit. occurs apparently more frequently in the
European part of the Soviet Union than R.alpinum L., but is rare in the
Caucasus. There are herbarium specimens from two sites, from the
vicinity of Bakuriani and from Circassia on the Black Sea coast. In the
European part, it forms hybrids with R.alpinum L. which either possess
characters intermediate between the 2 species or else are closer to
one of them.

Economic importance. As for R.alpinum L.

Series 4. Diacanthae A.Pojark.— Flowers greenish, glabrous, including
ovary; leaf lobes weakly developed; shoots light brown, usually with paired
prickles in the nodes and often with spiny internodes. Pubescence short,
velutinous; all glands stalked. 2 species.

34. R.diacantha Pall., Reise III (1776) 722; Ej., Fl. Ross. I, 2 (1788) 36;
Turez., Fl. baic. -dah.1, 441; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 1,196; Kom., Fl. Mansh. II
(1904) 445; Kom.and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. Kraya I (1931) 621.—
lew Palle omeises hil; t. Lofig.259 Hl Ross, tab..66. —cBxs.a Herb: Fl URSS No:
3140. Vernacular name: taranushkKa.

\ Shrubs to 1m high; branches very numerous, fascicular, sometimes
nodding; leaves 1.5—3cm long, thin but firm, glabrous on both sides, dark
green and lustrous above, light and whitish below, with clearly delineated
but not prominent veins, oblong-cuneate, shallowly trilobate or with lobelike
incisions in upper part, the lobes with few acute apiculate teeth on the
margin; inflorescence glabrous; berry red, small, 5— 7mm in diameter,
globose, not edible. Fl. May— June, fr. July. Stony slopes, rocks, taluses;
usually in small thickets.— E. Siberia: Dau. Gen. distr.: Mong.(NE Mong.)
and Jap. -Ch. (NW Manchuria (near Chailar) and N. Korea). The Korean
specimen is distinguished by the presence of very large, long-stalked glands
on leaf margins. Described from Dauria. Type in London.

203

Economic importance. Ornamental plants.

35. R.saxatile Pall. in Nov. Acta Acad. Petrop. X (1797) 376; Ldb., Fl.
Ross. II, 1,195; Pojarkova in Bull. Appl. Bot., Gen. a.Plant Breed. XXII, 3
(1929) 336; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib.; V1I(1931) 1447.—R. cuneatum Kar. et
Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XIV (1841) 426; XV (1842) 356.—R.diacantha
var.typica Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIX, 1 (1866) 314.—R.dia-
cantha (non Pall.) Rgl. et Herd. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIX, 2 (1866)

68; Kryl., Fl. Alt. II (1902) 463.— Ic.: Ldb., Le. pl. Fl. Ross. (1831) tab. 239;
Poyarkova, l.c., Fig.41. Vernacular name: taranushka.

Low, spreading shrub, 60—90cm high; leaves 1—2.5cm long, firm,
glaucous-green, glabrous on both sides when adult, less often puberulent
below, rounded-obovate, with broadly cuneate base, shallowly trilobate at
the apex, with 3 large lobelike teeth, the lobes obtuse or subacute, with
1 or 2 acute teeth on the margin; inflorescence axis and pedicels densely
puberulent; berry initially red, dark cherry-red at maturity,5—6mm in
diameter. Fl. June, fr. August. (Plate XV, Figure 3).

Rocks, taluses, among stony taluses, open slopes, also on open rocky river
banks. — W. Siberia: Irt., Alt.; Centr. Asia: Ar. -Casp. (western border
passes along the Mugodzhar hills), N. Balkh., Dzu. -Tarb., T. Sh. (Mt. Ketmen).
Gen. distr.; Dzu. -Kash. - NW China (Kuldja). Described from Dzungaria.
Type in London.

Series 5. Pulchellae A. Pojark.— Flowers greenish, the sepals red on the
margin; leaf lobes glabrous, well developed. Shoots light brown, with
paired prickles at base of leaves and sometimes with spiny internodes.
Pubescence crisp; all glands stalked; 1 species.

36. R.pulchellum Turcz.in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. V (1838) 191; FI. baic. -
dah. I (1842) 442; Ldb., Fl. Ross. Il, 1,196; Maxim. in Mél. biol. IX (1873) 24;
Kom., Fl. Mansh. II (1903) 446; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost.
kraya I (1931) 621.— Ic.: Trautv., Pl. imag. et descr. fl. Ross. (1844) tab. 8.

Shrub 1—2m high; leaves 0.8—3.2 cm long, dull, glabrous or with glandular
bristles above, trilobate; lobes acute, with simple and incised apiculate teeth;
base truncate or rounded-cordate; inflorescence axis and pedicels glabrous
with a pubescence of crispy hairs and an admixture of stalked glands; berry
red,5—6mm in diameter. Fl. June,fr. August. Stony and pebbly slopes
in the forest and steppe zones.— E. Siberia: Dau. (Selenga River basin).

Gen. distr.: NE Mong., Jap. -Ch. N. Manchuria (Great Khingan) and N. China
(Chihli Province). Described from Mongolia. Type in Leningrad.
Economic importance. Graceful ornamental shrub.

Among the species from foreign countries, the following are the most
widely cultivated in the Soviet Union:

*R. sanguineum Pursh, Fl. Amer. sept. (1814) 164.—Coreosma
Sanguinea Spach, Hist. d. vég. phaner. VI (1838) 155 (subgenus
Calobotrya Spach).

Erect shrub 1—3m high, unarmed, with reddish, pubescent, sometimes
glandular shoots; leaves firm, dark green above, pubescent, whitish-

5773 204

267

tomentose below, cordate or reniform, 3-, rarely 5-lobed, with broad obtuse
lobes; flowers in erect, long, 10—20-flowered racemes, sometimes with
large red bracts exceeding the pedicels; bracts, pedicels, and inflorescence
axis pubescent and covered with glands; flowers bright pink or red, large
(to 15mm long), with pubescent, campanulate, cylindrical hypanthium and
oblong ovary densely covered with long-stalked glands; berry black,
glandular.

Native to the mountains of western North America from British Columbia
to N. California.

Economic importance. Ornamental. Known in a number of garden forms,
with white, dark red, and double flowers.

*R. aureum Pursh, Fl. Amer. sept. (1814) 164.—R.flavum Berl.; in
Mém. Soc. Gen. III, 2 (1826) 60.—R.tenuiflorum Lindl. in Trans. hort.
Soc. Lond. VII (1828) 242.—Chrysobotrya Lindleyana Spach, Ann.
Sc. Nat. II ser., IV (1835) 20 (subgenus Symplocalyx Berl.).

Shrub ca. 2m high, with red young shoots; leaves to 5cm long, 6cm broad,
glabrous, rounded-reniform or obovate in outline, cuneate, rounded, or
slightly cuneate at base, trilobate, the lobes subobtuse with few teeth on the
margin; racemes erect, 3—7cm long, 5— 15-flowered, with large bracts
exceeding pedicels; flowers yellow, aromatic; hypanthium tubular, slender,
5—9mm long, ca. 1.5mm in diameter; sepals spreading at anthesis, 5—8 mm
long, erect in fruit; petals half as long as sepals, orange-red. Fruits
globose, brown-red or black, sometimes yellow (var.chrysococcum
Rydb.).

Native to the mountains of western North America.

Economic importance. At anthesis a very ornamental shrub bearing
tasty fruit.

A very closely related cultivated species is R.odoratum Wendl.
[P.longiflorum Nutt.,R.fragrans Lodd.,R.aureum auct. pl.(non
Pursh)], distinguished from R.aureum Pursh by the following characters:
larger flowers, hypanthium 12—15 mm long, sepals 5— 6mm long at
anthesis, recurved or spreading (not erect!) in fruit, larger and usually
deeper-lobed leaves. Berries black or orange-yellow.— North America,
in the plains from the Rocky Mountains to Minnesota and Arkansas, as far
south as Dakota and Texas.

Genus 714. GROSSULARIA* MILL.
Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 7 (1759).

Shrubs with 3- or 5-, less often 7-partite or solitary spines at nodes of
shoots and mostly with spiny internodes, with alternate, palmatilobate,
dentate leaves; racemes fascicular, usually 1—3-flowered; pedicels not
developing; flowers bisexual, 5-merous, with campanulate hypanthium,
oblong recurved sepals, and small petals; style 1, split usually not beyond the
middle; ovary pedicels long, usually many times as long as ovary, not
disarticulating from fruit; fruit a succulent berry with dried-out flower,

* From the French groseille, currant.

205

269

at the apex — like the ovary = smooth, hairy, glandular -hispid or spiny;
seeds with hard endopleura and gelatinous testa.

1. Spines at the nodes 7; ovary and berry spiny «2.0... eee een aes
wa vaiv bina ale ce wR aneare ae Oe Gy burajensia(Fyr oSchmidt) Berger.
+ Spines. at the nodes tripartite; berry smooth or glandular -hispid,
But Tt SPUR ee Ce TA Rs eR 1 IU Eg Sn 2.
2. Leaves and flowers glabrous; berry always smooth; spines at the
internodes persisting 3 years Or MOPFe. 2. cw ew ee ee
dicen eh wd dediiss «RUA. Re an Rt Chiinieu ante (Sale nee
+ Leaves pubesc ent or glandular-hispid; flowers pubescent; berry
glandular or smooth; only internodes of annual shoots spiny .......
Bs Ces YOYA Se ORAS Ga ek MPG metlingteh Uae

1. G.reclinata (L.) Mill. in Gard, Dict. ed. 8 (1768), — Ribes
reclinatum L., Sp.pl. (1753) 201.— R.grossularia L.,lo.; Ldb,,
Fl. Ross. Il, 1,194; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 35; Geaaraint a Kavk. Il (1930) 241.
R.spinosum Gilib,, Fl. lithuan, I (1785) 134, -uva-rcrispa Pall,
Fl. Ross. I, 2 (1788) 37 (non L.). = R.caucasicum Adams in Roem. et
Schult., Syst. veg. V (1819) 507.— Grossularia vulgaris Spech,

Hist. veg. phan, VI (1838) 174.— R. vulgare C. Koch in Linnaea XVI
(1842) 855 (non Lam.).— Gr.spinosa Rupr., Fl. ingrica (1860) 415. —
le.: Berger in N. York St. Agric. Exp. St. Techn. Bull., No. 109 (1 924)
pl. Vl.

Shrub ca. lm high; spines at the nodes to 1—1.4 cm long, those on
internodes short, mostly rather sparse, sometimes absent; leaves
1—3.5 (6)em broad, 3- or 5-lobed, dull, puberulent on both sides, obtusely
dentate; flowers solitary or in pairs, pubescent, greenish, sometimes
reddish; ovary more or less glandular-hispid (var. glanduloso-
setosa W.Koch ), producing glandular-hispid or nearly smooth berries,
or else smooth (var. glabra W.Koch); berry globose or broadly ellipsoid,
greenish or yellowish, usually more or less reddish to dark red. Fl. May,
June, fr. July.

Among shrubs on slope in the middle mountain zone. — European part:
wild only in M. Dnp. (W. Ukraine), occasionally wild in: Lad.-Ilm., U. V.,

U. Dnp., V.-Don; Caucasus: wild in: Cisc., Dag., W., E., and S. Transc.
Gen. distr.: Centr. and S. Eur., including Great Britain and N. Spain;
mountains of N. Afr. Described from Germany. Type in London.

Note. Linnaeus described 3 species of European currants considered
by recent authors as varieties of a single species: R.reclinatum L.
(R.grossularia v.reclinatum Berl.,R.g.y glabrum W. Koch),
R.grossularia L.(R.g.@ glanduloso-setosum W. Koch) and R.uva
crispa L. (G rossularia uva crispa Mill.,R.g.B pubescens
W.Koch., R.g.veuva crispa Jancz.).

G.uva crispa (L.) Mill. There are grounds for considering this an
independent species native only to S.and W. Europe. It is distinguished
by ovaries covered with a dense pubescence of simple hairs, small,
yellowish, pubescent berries, smaller, densely pubescent leaves, absence
ofacicular spines at internodes of shoots, smaller size, and later (by 2 weeks)
flowering. In the Soviet Union, G.uva crispa occurs only in cultivation

270

in a number of varieties yielding small, very sweet, pubescent berries,

or as anescape. As regards the 2 other Linnaean species, lack of
material has prevented elucidation of their interrelation; it may be
correct to group them, as Spach did, in one species. The fact is that the
distinguishing character — the glabrous or glandular -hispid ovary — is not
constant, showing a series of transitions. The distribution of these forms
within the limits of the range is not uniform: the glandular-hispid form is
frequent in Europe, whereas specimens with glabrous ovary occur rarely;
in the Caucasus, however, there are almost exclusively specimens with
glabrous ovary. Clarification is also needed as to whether the Caucasian
currant is identical with the European in other characters.

Economic importance. This is the ancestor of most cultivated varieties
of currants. The berries are eaten raw or are used for making jam,
syrups, jelly, and fruit wine. Chemical composition of the berries, according
to Wehmer (percent): water 85.4%, invert sugars 4.67, saccharose 0.41,
free acids 1.9 (malic), tannic acid 0.089, nitrates 0.94, raw cellulose
2.7, ash 0.51; the ash is rich in alkali (ca.49%) and phosphoric acid (19.68%);
the seeds contain ca.19.8% of fatty oils; according to Hegi, the berries
contain (percent): 84—88% water, 6—8 dextrose and levulose (not containing
saccharose), 0.3—0.57 nitrogen, 1.13 pectins, 3.52% cellulose, 1.42% free
acids (citric, tartaric, and malic; unripe berries also contain succinic
acid), ash, and a small quantity of tannic acid and resin.

2. G.acicularis (Smith) Spach, Hist. vég. phan. VI (1838) 173; Berger
in N. York. Agric. Exper. St. Techn. Bull., No. 109 (1924) 107; Poyarkova,
in Tr. Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR,1,ser.2 (1936) 214.—- Ribes acicularis
Smith in Rees, Cyclop. KXX (1819) 372; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II,1; 194; Kryl.,
Fl. Zap. Sib. VI (1931) 1446.— Ic.: Ldb.; Ic., Fl. Ross. (1831) tab. 230.

Shrub; shoots densely covered with slender, acicular spines; spines
at the nodes to 1cm long; leaves 0.7—3 (3.5) cm broad, glabrous, lustrous
below, 3- or 5-lobed, with acute duplicato-dentate lobes; flowers solitary,
greenish white or pinkish, glabrous; ovary and berries smooth, the latter
12—15mm in diameter. Fl. June, fr. July. (Plate XV, Figure 7).

Open stony mountain and hill slopes.— W.Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia:

W. part of Ang.-Say.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb.; the SW border passes
through the Dzungarian Ala-Tau. Gen.distr.: Mong.(NW and Centr.).
Described from the Altai. Type in London.

Economic importance. Distinguished by its large tasty berries;
deserves the attention of fruit growers. Berries are edible raw or
can be used for the making of syrups, jams, and wine.

3. G. burejensis (Fr .Schmidt) Berger in N. York Agric. Exper. St.
Techn. Bull., No. 109 (1924) 112.— Tibes burejense Fr. Schmidt in
Mém. Acad. Sc. St. Pétersb. VII, sér. XII, 2 (1863) 42; Maxim. in Mél. biol. IX
(1873) 216; Kom., Fl. Mansh. II (1903) 435; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast.
Dal'nevost. kraya I (1931) 621.— Ic.: Fr. Schmidt, l.c., tab. I, f. 1.

Shrub; shoots very spiny, densely covered with large and small spines;
spines at the nodes to 1cm long; leaves 1.5—5cm long,to 86cm broad on
sterile shoots, deeply 3- or 5-lobed, puberulent on both sides or with
glandular bristles only along the veins below, the margin acutely incised-

207

dentate; flowers large, pinkish, always solitary; ovary hispid; berry
Spiny, dingy green. Fl. May, fr. July.

Mountain coniferous forests, slopes, stream banks; solitary or in small
groups. — Far East: S. part of Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen.distr.: Manchuria and
N. Korea. Described from the Bureya River. Type in Leningrad.

Family * PITTOSPORACEAE LINDL.*

Flowers bisexual, more rarely diclinous, solitary or in a corymb.
Sepals 5, free or fused below, imbricate; petals 5, free or slightly fused
at the base. Ovary superior,2—5-locular. Style simple, with capitate
stigma. Fruit usually a capsule, less often a berry. Embryo small,
with copious endosperm. ‘Trees, shrubs, less often climbing, sometimes
spiny plants with erect, glabrous, spiral or alternate leaves.

Fossilized Pittosporum (Sapotacites) Putterlicki Ung.
occurs in lower Pliocene deposits of W. Transc., in volcanic tuffs of the
Goderdzi Pass.

Genus * PITTOSPORUM ** DRYAND
Dryand ex. Gaertn. Fruct.I (1788) 296, tab. 59.

Sepals free or fused at the base. Petals approximate at the base or to
the middle or else fused, usually recurved at the apex. Stamens subulate
with ovate-oblong anthers. Ovary sessile or subsessile, 2-, less often
3—5-locular, with capitate stigma. Capsule globose, ovoid, or oblong,

2- or 3-valved, with parietal placentation and coriaceous, almost woody
lobes. Seeds glabrous, agglutinated by a resinous substance. Shrubs, less
often small trees, the more or less evergreen leaves in some species at
tips of shoots. Flowers in terminal or lateral inflorescences, in a corymb,
umbel, or panicle, less often solitary.

*R.tobirat Dryand in Ait. Hort, Kew. 2 (1810) 27.— Ic.: Bot. Mag. tab.
1396 (1810); Nicholson, Dict. of Gardening III (1867) 154, f.193.— Pax in
Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflzf. III, 2a (1891) 110, f. 72.

Low shrub, profusely branching; leaves spirally arranged, coriaceous,
obcuneate, rounded at the apex, entire dark green, mainly at apices of
shoots; flowers in dense terminal inflorescences; calyx pubescent, with
ovate sepals; petals obcuneate, recurved, rounded at the apex, cream-
colored or pale yellowish, aromatic; short filaments; ovary bottle-shaped;
style short; capsule acuminate, many-seeded; seeds reniform, slightly
acuminate unilaterally. 3

Often cultivated in gardens in Transcaucasia and on the south coast
of the Crimea; satisfactorily naturalized in the Mediterranean area and
S. Europe. Native to the coasts of Japan.

Economic importance. Cultivated as an ornamental shrub; flowers
aromatic, can be used for perfumery.

* Treatment by I.V.Palibin.
‘* From the Greek pitta,pitch and spora,seed.
t From tobera, the Japanese name of the plant.

208

272

Family LXXV. HAMAMELIDACEAE LINDL.*

Flowers bisexual, less often unisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic;
corolla sometimes irregular, adnate to ovary. Petals 5 or more; stamens
6—7,free. Ovary bilocular, superior; locules with 1 to several ovules.
Styles subulate. Fruita bilocular capsule. Seeds with fleshy endosperm
and erect embryo. Trees or shrubs with sparse, stellate pubescence.
Leaves usually deciduous; stipules paired.

The following representatives of this family are known from fossile:

Parrotia fagifolia Goepp.,in Lower Pliocene of the Goderdzi Pass
(W. Transc.); P.pristina Ett.in L. Don, Lower Sarmatian (Krynka).

Liquidambar europaeum A.Br.in Upper Oligocene of
N. Kazakhstan: Dzharkue, Bol'shie Barsuki, Kara-Sandyk, Sarry-Bulak,
Chushka-kul' and Mynsai (Indricotherium horizon). Upper Oligocene
deposits in the vicinity of Tomsk. Sterlitamak district, Lower Miocene,
Shkatla River. Sakhalin Island, Upper Due deposits (Endo). Vicinity
of Vladivostok: Upper Due deposits.

Fothergilla ungeri Kov.— in Sarmatian of Bl. (Amvrosievka).

C. A.M. Verz.(1831) 46.

Flowers bisexual, capitate; bracts broad, membranous, resembling
an involucre. Calyx campanulate, with 5—7-lobed limb, coriaceous; lobes
foliiform. Petals absent, stamens 6—7, opposite to sepal lobes; filaments
long; anthers oblong, tetragonal; ovary half-inferior, the locules usually
1-seeded; ovules pendulous; styles filiform, simple; fruit dehiscing
by 2 valves.

1. P.persica (DC.) C. A. M.,1.c.; Boiss., Fl. Or. II (1872) 818; Medv.,
Der. i Kust. Kavkaza, Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II (1930) 242.- Hamamelis
persica DC., Prodr. IV (1830) 268.—Ic.: Bot. Mag. (1868) 5744;

Volf and Palib., Opred. (1904) 336—337.— Exs.: Hohenacker, Lenkoran,
No. 2117; Pl. orient exsic., No.388; Herb.fl. cauc., No.224. Vernacular
name: zheleznoe derevo.

Tree; branches angular, often connate when adult, covered with stellate
pubescence when young; leaves short-petioled, cuneate at base or rounded-
ovate or obovate, slightly oblique, entire in lower part, emarginately and
coarsely dentate in upper part, glabrous above, slightly pubescent with
sparse, stellate hairs; flowers appearing before leaves in 2- or 3-flowered
fascicles or heads, short-pediceled; bracts membranous, large, ovate-oval,
covered on the outside with dark rufous-brown tomentum, glabrous inside;
calyx broadly campanulate, with 6 or 7 remote, obtuse, foliiform sepals,
ciliate at the apex; tube covered with stellate hairs; filaments long;
anthers acuminate, brightly colored; capsule woody, rounded-oval, the

* Treatment by I.V. Palibin. :
** Named after I. F.Parrot,a Russian naturalist (1791— 1841) who climbed Mt. Ararat and ascertained

its altitude.

209

valves elongate-acuminate, reflexed, much longer than calyx; seed ovoid,
acute, with 2 scars at base, pale yellow. Fl. March, fr. September.
(Plate XVI, Figure 3).

Caucasus: Talysh forests. Gen.distr.: N. Iran (Gilan and Mazanderan).

Economic importance. Very sturdy wood with many applications;
produces high-quality coal; branches used for enclosures and fences.
Certain representatives of this family are beautiful shrubs flowering in
early spring before the leaves bloom; cultivated in humid subtropical
regions (Sukhumi-Batumi). The following are related: Corylopsis
pauciflora S.et Z., C.spicata S.et Z. (both from Japan),Sycopsis
sinensis Oliv.(China)} Hamamelis japonica S.et Z. (Japan), and
H.virginiana L.(N. Am.) — the leaves of the latter are used in medicine;
Liquidambar styraciflua L.(N.Am.), cultivated in gardens on the
Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and the Crimea.

Family * EUCOMMIACEAE VAN-TIEGHEM*

Flowers unisexual, without perianth; staminate flowers in fascicles,
numerous (4—10), narrowly linear, to 1cm long; pistillate flowers solitary,
short-petioled; ovary flat, bilocular, ovules 2; fruit a nondehiscent,
unilocular capsule, elongate-ovoid; seed 1, lanceolate.

Occurs in Sarmatian deposits of the Bl. (Krynka, Orekhov).

*

Genus *EUCOMMIA** OLIV.
Oliv. in Hook., Icon. pl. (1890) tab. 1950,

1. E.ulmoides Oliv.,1.c.; Harms in Engl.u. Pr., Nat. Pflzfam.1 Aufl.
Nachtr. I (1897) 159; Nachtr. II (1908) III; 2 Aufl. Bd.18a (1930) 351;

C.1I. Schn., III], Handb. Laubhk. I (1904) 424; Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson.
1.3 (1913) 433.— Ic.: Hook., l.c., t.1950, tab. 2361; C. I. Schn., l.c., £.270;
Silva Tarouga et C.K. Schn., Freil. Laubh. (1922) 198, Abb. 223; Hutchinson,
Fam. Flowering pl. (1926) 215, f.182; Harms (1930) 351, f.182.— Exs.:

A. H. Steward, Pl. Kweichow (1930), No. 417.

Tree 20—30 m high, with dull dark gray bark; leaves herbaceous,
elongate-elliptic, obtusely narrowed toward base and elongated toward
the apex, glabrous above, slightly pubescent along the veins below, denticulate,
the leaf teeth recurved near the apex; petioles glabrous, slender, */,—1/,
as long as the blade; fruits unilocular, in short fascicles, winged, elongate-
elliptic, coriaceous, lustrous, with a notch at the apex; seeds narrowly
lanceolate, with hard testa.

Grows in mountainous regions of W.and central China. In the Hupeh,
Szechwan, Shansi, and Kansu provinces; cultivated in European parts,
where it withstands frosts of 15—20°C.; cultivated in the Soviet Union in
the subtropical regions of Transcaucasia (mainly in Abkhazia) as an

* Treatment by I.V. Palibin.
** From eu,real and komma, hair, referring to the hairlike appearance of the gum filaments visible when
the bark and leaves are torn.

210

economically important tree yielding gutta-percha (see V.N. Andreev
"Evkommia, kitaiskoe guttaperchevoe derevo na Ukraine ina Kavkaze'
[Eucommia, the Chinese Gutta-Percha Tree in the Ukraine and the
Caucasus]. Gos. Trest Kauchukonos. Ukrainskii Nauchno-issledovatel'skii
Institut Kauchuka i Kauchukonosov [''Kauchukonos" State Trust. Ukrainian
Scientific-Research Institute or Rubber and Rubber-bearing Plants].

Kiev 1932, p. 80).

Economic importance. This tree has been known in China as medicinal
since ancient times under the name 'Dzu-Dzhun.'' The bark and leaves
contain a gutta-percha substance, in the form of silvery filaments — 3% of
dry weight. The tree is grown in the subtropical regions of Transcaucasia
for the extraction of gutta-percha.

Family LXXVI. PLATANACEAE LINDL.*

Flowers unisexual, in globose inflorescences, with long pendent peduncles
developing at tips of current-year shoots. Calyx absent. Staminate
inflorescences: compact, rounded or elongated, with 3—8 staminate flowers;
stamens subsessile, the anthers bilocular, corymbiformly truncate at the
apex, mixed with fleshy cuneate scales. Pistillate inflorescences: numerous
sessile flowers surrounded by 3—8 cuneate obconical scales; ovary
unilocular, with long subulate apically curved pistils; ovules pendulous,
erect. Fruit a nondehiscent nut surrounded at base by slender articulate
hairs, 1 -seeded, with erect, linear embryo. Trees with green-gray bark,
separating in large flakes, the alternate palmatilobate or lobate
leaves covered when young with stellate hairs; stipules deciduous.

Representatives of this family - Credneria, Protophyllum (?),
etc. — and even of the genus Platanus appear as early as the Middle and
Upper Cretaceous, in Ar.-Casp. and V.-Kama, the Caucasus, and the
Far East, Sakh., Kamch., Okh., An., Ang.-Say., Ze.-Bu. — Platanus
aceroides Goeppert in the Tertiary (Sarmatian) of Bl. (Krynka). —
P.guillelmae Goeppert in the Tertiary of Sakh. (Pil'vo), Uss. (De Friz
Peninsula), Balkh. (Ashutas).

L., Sp. pl. ed. 1 (1753) 998,

The generic characters of the genus appear in the description of the
(single genus) family.

1. Leaves slightly lobate, angular, with inconspicuous teeth; heads 1—3

on inflorescence axis; fruits clavate, glabrous, with minute style .
ee aeiiode) -O8% sON.. lot! 14.4.8. -~ .8- 72 10 ft. oi 3. P.occidentalis L.

* Treatment by I.V. Palibin.
** From platanos,the name of this tree in ancient Greece.

211

a Leaves deeply lobed, more or less dissected, with conspicuous teeth;
headsrelongatedtusially"pubesSeent? iia oe apres eine vein eyes ee een rt Zr

2. Heads up to 6, small (to 1—1.5 cm in diameter); leaf lobes with
numerous large and small teeth; fruit glabrous at the apex, with

lonmersStrarisht Styler. BORO wim. 1 Pneeee eencrenemeneante foe *P. orientalis L.
275 + Heads larcettora—2 0) Cra india nreverrs Mr cp setaee "ctr ste) Keay ettae ls Mima tee Bh

3 Leaves on branches 3—5-lobed, with cordate base; fruits subobtuse,

covered with whitishlanate hairs; styleshort ..... *P.cuneata Willd.
a Leaves palmatilobate, slightly dentate, pubescent with long hairs;

Sty Le WOMS GL AIRES AL EY PPT AE TES ROR teat wet See eee ee ee a
4, Leaves on branches truncate at base; fruits acuminate, pubescent

with rigid hairs; style somewhat curved, 3/sas long as fruit sae snes eee

SRA ROR EAMONN EE A, BRE ANG MR Ratt RE RY te Mee Rare 1. P. digitata Gord.
at Leaves on branches with very remote deep few-toothed lobes; fruits

subobtuse, pubescent; style as long as fruit, curved, often uncinate ...

wal ela elias wei oe aaa, Fe) ee en eater 2. P.orientalior Dode.

Section 1. ORIENTALES Dode, Note dendrol. (1908) 51.— Leaves deeply
dissected, dentate; heads numerous. Fruits elongated, acuminate, pubescent,
produced into a long style.

*P. orientalis L., Sp. pl. ed. I (1753) 998; Ldb., Fl. Ross. III (1846—1851)
595 ex pte; Boiss., Fl. Or. IV (1879) 1161 ex pte; Dode, Note dendrol. (1908)
92; C.K. Schn., Handb. Laubholzk. II (1912) 957; Hegi, III, Fl. Mitteleuropa
IV, 2 (1925) 661.— P.orientalis var.insularis DC., Prodr. XVI, 2,
(1864) 159 (excl. pl. cret.).— Ic.: Dode, 1.c.; Elwes and Henry, Tr. Gr. Brit.
a. Irel. III, 1,15, tab. 204, £.4 (1908); Henry a. Flood, Proceed. R. Irish Acad.
XOCKV BY Not2 tab. -V, f. 1; esi Merl Mitteleur. Ver (1925) £.994.— Exs.:
Bourgeau, Pl. de Rhodes (1870), No. 146; Peyron, Fl. Syr. (1881), No. 1869.

Tree; leaves 5-lobed, deeply divergent on shoots, with numerous acute
teeth and with cordate base; leaves on trunks 3—5-lobed, more or less
truncate, lobate or dentate at base; leaves on branches deeply divergent,
slightly lobate and slightly dentate, with broadly cordate base; heads
3—5, sometimes 6, small (to 1.5cm in diameter), lateral heads sessile or
pedunculate; fruits thickened toward the apex, pubescent, produced into a
long, erect Style.

Not growing wild in the USSR, sometimes cultivated in gardens of
Transcaucasia (Tbilisi). Native to southern Asia Minor, the island of
Rhodes, and Syria; also cultivated in Palestine and other areas in the
Mediterranean region.

*P, cuneata Willd., Sp. pl. IV (1805) 473; Dode, Note dendrol. (1908) 54;
CC. ke schnyy Handb. Laubholzke il (1912) 957; Hegi, Ill. Fl. v. Mitteleuropa IV,
2 (1925) 658.— Ic.: Dode, 1. c.,55; Henry a. Flood, Proceed. R. Irish Ac.
XXXV B, No. 2, tab. VII, f. (1919) 6.— Exs.: FI. ital., No. 780 (Sicilia);
Bornm., Pl. Lydiae et Cariae, exs., No. 9932; Sint. et Bornm., It.turcz.,

No. 1467.

Tree; leaves on shoots 5-lobed, not very widely divergent, the lobes
and teeth numerous, with broadly cordate, subtruncate base; leaves on
trunk 3—5 -lobed, often trilobate, cuneate, with strongly dentate lobes at

276

212

PLATE XVI. 1—Platanus digitata Gord., leaf and inflorescence, a) mature fruit; 2—P.orientalior
Dode, leaf and inflorescence, a) mature fruit; 3 —Parrotia persica C.A.M., a) flowering branch,
b) stamens, c) tipe capsule, d) young ovary, e) flower, f) fruit (Figure 8, according to Hooker),

213

279

base; leaves on branches 5-lobed, slightly dentate, truncate, broadly
rounded at base; heads up to 6 but usually 3—5,large (to2.5 cm in diameter),
the lateral sessile or petiolate; fruits thickened, somewhat obtuse, densely
pubescent with slender whitish hairs; style short.

Not growing wild in the USSR; cultivated in parks and gardens in the
northern part of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and of the Crimea,
sometimes also of Central Asia (Turkm.). Native to Asia Minor (N. part), |
Macedonia, Greece, S. Italy, and Sicily. |

1. P. digitata Gordon, the Garden 1 (1872) 572—573; Dode, Note dendrol.
(1908) 58; C.K. Schn., Handb. Laubholzk. II (1912) 957; Hegi, Ill. Fl. v. }
Mitteleur. IV, 2 (1925) 658.— P.orientalis Ldb., Fl. Ross. III (1846-1851) |
595, Non L.— Ic.: Sibth., Fl. graeca (1840) tab. 945; Dode, 1. c., 59, |
Henry a. Flood, Proceed. R. Irish Acad. XXXV, B, No. 2, tab. 8, f.7 (1919). — |
Exs.:? Fl. praeca, exs., (No. 11743 Sintenis) Its troy. (1883), No. 815; Aucher
Eloy Herb. d'Or., No. 5330. |

Tree; leaves on shoots with 5 deeply lobed, slightly cordate; leaves |
on trunk 3—5-lobed, cuneate at base, more or less lobate and dentate; }
leaves on branches 5-lobed, slightly dentate, truncate at base; heads
large (to 2 cm in diameter), up to 5, but usually 2—4 and then smaller,
sessile; fruits thickened, tapering to long, rigid, suberect style, sometimes
recurved ina loop. April. (Plate XVI, Figure 1). |

Caucasus: E.and S. Transc.; often cultivated in parks and gardens. |

2. P.orientalior Dode, Note dendrol. (1908) 57-58; C.K. Schn., Handb.
Laubholzk. II (1912) 957; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitteleur. IV, 2 (1925) 658, —
P.orientalis Brandis, Ind. Trees (1907) 619 non La le. ee sonewie menus
Pall., Fl. Ross. II (1788) tab.51; Dode,1.c.— Exs.: Sintenis, Iter Transc.-
pers. (1900) No. 1062; Herb. Schlagintweit, Kashmir, No. 14179; Bornm.,

It. pers.-turce., No.4518; Aitchison, Afghanistan, No. 259.

Tree; leaves on shoots deeply 5-lobed with numerous teeth and cordate
lobes, base cordate; leaves on trunk 5-lobed, cuneate, markedly lobate and
dentate at base; leaves on branches 5-lobed, subentire, rarely dentate
and deeply parted, cordate at base; heads 3-4, less often 6, large (to 2.5em
in diameter) sessile or pedunculate; fruits acuminate, the slender style often
looped-recurved,as long as fruit. March— April. (Plate XVI, Figure 2).

Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm., Amu D., Syr D., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: As. Min.
N. part), N. Iran, Afghanistan, N. India (Kashmir). Undoubtedly growing wild
in southern Central Asia, occurring in parks and gardens in more northerly
districts.

Section 2. OCCIDENTALIS Dode, Note dendrol. (1908) 51. — Leaves
lobate, slightly dissected, acutely denticulate; heads 1—3. Fruits clavate,
glabrous, with minute style.

*3. P. occidentalis L., Sp. pl. ed. I (1753) 999; Sargent, Sylva of N. America
VII (1895) 326 —327; Dode, Note dendrol. (1908) 65; C.K. Schn., Handb.
Laubholzk. II (1912) 957.— Ic.: Sargent, l.c., tab. 326—327; Dode, l.c., 66;
Henry and Flood., Proceed. R. Irish Acad. XXXV, B, No.2 (1919) tab. V, f. 2,
tab. IX, — Exs.: Somes, Jowa, No. 36213) byiler. N. Yos. G., Novas.
Lindheimer, Fl. texana, No.1175.

214

Tree; leaves on shoots 5-lobed, angular, with deliquescent teeth, deeply
auriculate at base; leaves on trunk nearly trilobate, cuneately -decurrent
toward base, with inconspicuous teeth; leaves on shoots broadened,

3—5 -lobed, the lobes weakly defined, the teeth and lobes deliquescent,
acuminate, with broadly cordate base; heads not more than 1 or 2 (to 2.5cem
in diameter), the lateral sessile; fruits clavately thickened toward the

apex, glabrous, with minute subulate style.

Occurs in gardens of the south coast of the Crimea. Native to E.and SE
states of the U.S. A.and Texas. Cultivated in gardens and along avenues of
southern and central Europe and of N. America as a valuable tree species
with ornamental and technical applications.

A hybrid between P.orientalis L. and P.occidentalis L., described
as P.acerifolia W.,is to be found in the gardens and along the avenues
of W. Europe, where it is known as "London" plane tree (em. Henry a. Flood.,
The History of the London Plane. Proceed. R. Irish. Academy Vol.XXXV,sect.
B, No.2. Dublin, 1919).

Family LXXVII. ROSACEAE JUSS.

Flowers cyclic, actinomorphic in USSR species, bisexual, less often
diclinous, solitary or in inflorescences of various types. Perianth mostly
biseriate, in rare cases petals absent (Alchimilla.). Sepals and petals
usually 5, less often 3,4,6,8,or many; sepals, petals and stamens often
arranged on edge of flat, patelliform, cuplike, or goblet-shaped inflorescence
axis —the receptacle or hypanthium (sometimes incorrectly called calyx
tube); sepals herbaceous, mostly persistent, sometimes outer sepals present.
Stamens mostly 2—4 times as many as sepals, or else of indeterminate
number, occasionally only 1—5; filaments free. Carpels as many as or
2—3 times as many as sepals or of indeterminate number, free or united
with inner wall of hollow flower axis, unilocular, mostly with 2 pendulous
or erect anatropous ovules, mostly separated from stamens by broad
glandular disk. Style at apex or on ventral side, very rarely on the
back. Fruits very varied: follicle, achene, stone-fruit, sometimes — owing
to aggregation with expanding flower axis — forming pseudocarp or
aggregate fruit. Seeds mostly small, usually with little developed
endosperm. — Trees, shrubs, perennial herbs, rarely biennial or annual,
with a spiral, very rarely opposite leaf arrangement, with stipules often
adnate to petioles, less often exstipulate.

Spiraea opulifolia L.—(?)— Tertiary of Balkh. (Chingistai).

Cotoneaster vulgaris L.-— interglacial Mindel-Riss of V.-Don
(Livhvin); C.sibirica Krysht. et Bors. in Miocene of Ob! (Irtysh River,
near Tara).

Purus communis L.— Akchagyl and Apsheron Pliocene of E. Transc.
(S. Kakhetia, Shiraki Steppe); Pirus malus L.-— interglacial Riss-Wurm
of U. Dnp. (Murashka); Pirus sp.— Sarmatian [Upper Miocene] of Bl.
(Krynka), in interglacial Riss-Wurm of V.-Kama (Galich).

Sorbus torminalis L.— postglacial of E. Transc. (Pasanauri);
Sorbis praetorminalis Krysht. et Baik.— Sarmatian of Bl.
(Amvrosievka); Sorbus aucuparia L.— cave deposits of the

215

ios)

Aurignacian, Wirms, Crimean glaciation (mountainous part of the Crimea);
Sorbus aria Crantz.— Quaternary of Dag. (Tarku-Tau).

Crataegus (?)furuhjelmii Heer — Tertiary of Sakh. (Due);
C.melanocarpamaeotica Krysht.— Tertiary Maiotis deposits of
Bess. (Seimeny); C.oxyacantha: in post-Pliocene tuffs of Cisc.
(Mashuka); C.praemonogyna Krysht.— Sarmatian of Bl. (Krynka);
C.fominii Krysht.— Miocene of V. -Kama. (Sterlitamak District).

Key to Subfamilies

1. Fruit an aggregate follicle; follicles 1- or few-seeded, dehiscing along
inner suture; flowers small. Shrubs,less often herbs,usually exstipulate
chan’, SUT RRR Bede Ra Subfamily 1. Spiraeoideae.

+ Fruit differents) stipules! present ie tetas erin Sy Sees 2.

2. Herbs, sometimes shrubs, and then shoots or branches furnished with
spicules or spines; fruit an achene, less often a stone-fruit, sometimes

aniagbreagatieuihultnonie ak Sage. MGR er. TR Subfamily 3. Rosoideae.
+ Trees or shrubs; branches sometimes with spines; fruit a pseudocarp
(Dome) or drupe metre ie os Start ROL BAR ce ae
3. Carpels 5,1 or 2, united with inner side of hypanthium and often
connatedia pseudecarp is formed ‘atimatur ity i 248. 2/0 aR
BOE ARRAS RH BT FR SMES ER RRR De RE Subfamily 2. Pomoideae.
oF Carpel ly not united with’ flower axis}! fruit*a"drupe =: 240k Mi oeeeeene
AERO GS Er IG ART Et OLB RR OF ERD EY Subfamily 4. Prunoideae.

Subfamily 1. SPIRAEOIDEAE Agardh,* Class. pl. (1825) 20; Focke in
Nat. Pfl. III, 3 (1888) 13.— Spiraeaceae Dumort., Comm. bot. (1822) 59,
Maxim. in A.H. P. VI, 1 (1879) 163.

Hypanthium flat, infundibular or campanulate, calycle absent; sepals
and petals 5; stamens 15—20; pistils usually 5 (1—7); ovary with several,
sometimes only 2, mostly pendulous ovules; fruit an aggregate follicle
of free or more or less connate (sometimes completely united) fruitlets
dehiscing by sutures (follicles). Shrubs, less often perennials with alternate
simple or pinnate leaves; stipules sometimes persistent. Flowers white
or pink.

Ll. “leaves Simplele! Maki ORO Wee OOO. NT Ah Ses WLR a.
+ Leaves pinnately compound . .-ONMICLOGES, Wath. 09), See ee 5.
2. Flowers large, white; ovaries connate nearly to the apex; fruit

capsulelike, of 5 follicles connate to the apex, dehiscing by sutures;
S€edsi With winged Maregine GA lGIOSs IRR. SS 723. Exochorda Lindl.

+ Flowers small; ovaries free or connate to not higher than the middle;
fruit an aggregate follicle; follicles free or connate only at base;

seeds notiwihgeaias © oi AUIAM APR FT Leee Agere PAS ¢ 3.
3. Follicles much inflated, coriaceous; seeds with hard, shinanes testa;

tall shrubs with large, cordate 5 (3)-lobed leaves. ..........0.0-

She RRO RE RA | Reds 1 ORR TAs ea Te Physocarpus Maxim.

x

Treatment by A.1I. Poyarkova.

216

282

+ Follicles not inflated, cartilaginous; seeds with coriaceous testa;
leaves entire or dentate, rarely shallowly trilobate at the apex... . 4,
4. Dioeceous shrubs with small flowers in long racemes, these in turn
invailarge panicle; leaves oblong, entire, thickish ... .0. JsroUNE IR. oe.
ar Flowers bisexual, in corymbiform or umbellate inflorescences or in
termiinalipanicles s 95 Me Ove ARTY ARMS CN) 718. Spiraea L.
5. Shrub with narrow linear, pinnate leaves not more than 5mm broad,
with 20—35 pairs of leaflets 1—2 mm long; flowers pink, in racemes, the

latter arranged ina panicle 2 UR ie ee. 722. Spiraeanthus Maxim.
oF Leaflets (1)2—11 cm long; leaves large, lanceolate or triangular in

BUtlney tlOWeL Enver sey eM, TL ICR TAGE Oe RY EO) RR NI 6.
6. Shrubs with pinnate leaves; flowers ca.1cm in diameter, in a pyramidal

CELOVapaniGlesf~ Y PRP MOL PUR NALA MAR OOR, 721. Sorbaria A. Br.

+ Perennials usually with bipinnate or tripinnate leaves; flowers small,
in spicitorm*racemes arranged in*panicles Mie Oe aS Ss NG.

Seterae eon oe 6 a ee Se eke 8 ph ele ee Se te, ae ae 1a te ew) eo

Genus 717. PHYSOCARPUS * MAXIM.
Maxim. in A.H.P.V1(1879) 109.

Shrubs with deciduous stipules and palmatilobate dentate leaves.
Flowers bisexual, white, in simple corymbiform inflorescences at tips of
short lateral shoots, 5-merous; stamens 30—40; pistils 1—5, more or less
connate, with 2—4 anatropous ovules. Follicles much inflated, coriaceous,
dehiscing at the apex.

i! Ovary and follicles glabrous or with sparse hairs only at the apex;
leaves glabrous, usually with much elongated middle lobe .........
PPA ing epi! pieperaiygty Pep neste pe dear, *P, opulifolia (L.) Maxim.
) Ovary, tollicles.and hypanthium densely pubescent ..««e esses. Qs
2. Leaves grayish-tomentose below; follicles slightly longer than sepals
Me ayy Oe MEAS EDI ae eed 2 Be ge ke 1. P.amurensis Maxim.
a Leaves hairy only along the veins; follicles as long as or slightly
puserer than sepals 8220 Cha Pare Mwy. GUAT 2. P.ribesifolia Kom.

1. P.amurensis Maxim. in A.H. P. VI (1879) 221; Kom., Fl. Mansh. II
(1904) 453; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya II (1932) 627. —
Spiraea amurensis Maxim., Prim. Fl. amur. (1859) 90.— Opulaster
amurensis O. Kuntze in Rev. Gen. pl. II (1891) 949. — Ic.: Kom. and Alis.,
ince, Plate Poly Hig. 2.

Tall, profusely branching shrub with smooth chestnut-colored shoots
and branches covered with brownish-gray bark peeling in strips; leaves
cordate, with short, acute or subobtuse lobes, dark green and glabrous
above, grayish below with a stellate pubescence; inflorescence
5—25 -flowered, with tomentose axis, pedicels, and hypanthium; flowers
16—18 mm in diameter; petals oblong, white, hairy outside; ovaries 2—4,
connate at base; follicles with mostly 3, sometimes 2 or 4 seeds. Fl. May,
fr. August. (Plate XVII, Figure 1).

* From the Greek physa, bladder and carpos, fruit.

217

283

284

Stony slopes, shrub thickets, mixed forests, often on limestones. —
Far East: Ze.-Bu. — Bureya Range, Uss. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch.: Manchuria
and N.Korea. Described from the Bureya Mountains. Type in
Leningrad.

Economic importance. Cultivated as an ornamental plant.

2. P.ribesfolia Kom. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS, XXX (1932)
202; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya II (1932) 627. — (?)
Opulaster amurensis Nakai in Fl. sylv. Kor. IV (1916) 29 (non
O. Kuntze). — P.amurensis var.concolor Kom. in sched.

Shrub, profusely branching, with dense crown and ramentaceous dingy
gray bark; leaves 3—5-pinnatilobate, with acute lobes and cordate base, ©
glabrous, with simple and stellate hairs only along the veins below;
pedicels, hypanthium, sepals, ovary and follicles glabrous, the latter slightly
shorter than or as long as sepals. Fl. May, fr. August.

Stony slopes.— Far East: Ze.-Bu.(Bureya Range), Uss. Gen. distr.:
Jap.-Ch., N. Korea. Described from the vicinity of Vladivostok. Type
in Leningrad.

Economic importance. Ornamental plants.

*P. opulifolia (L.) Maxim. in A.H. P. VI (1879) 220.— Spiraea opuli-
folia L., Sp. pl. (1753) 489.— Neilla opulifolia Benth. et Hook.,

Gen. pl. I (1865) 612. — Opulaster, opulifolius, O..Kuntze,;Revagenmoele
II (1891) 9490.— Ic.: Rehb., Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIV (1909) tab. 153.

Tall shrub, to 3cm high, with somewhat nodding branches and glabrous
very light brown shoots; leaves 3—5-lobed, the middle lobe usually
prolonged, glabrous; inflorescences glabrous or rather sparsely pubescent;
flowers 10-12 mm in diameter; stamens 30; pistils 3—5; follicles 2 or more
times as long as sepals, glabrous or sparsely pubescent at the apex.

Growing wild in NE America, from Quebec to Georgia; in the USSR
firmly established in cultivation as a hardy ornamental shrub.

Genus 718. SPIRAEA * L.
L. Sp. pl.(1753) 489,

Flowers bisexual, in:corymbiform, umbellate, or paniculate inflorescences,
with 15—30 stamens and 5—(3—8) pistils alternating with sepals; ovaries
free, with several anatropous pendulous ovules. Shrubs with simple leaves,
more or less dentate, less often entire or lobate at the apex; exstipulate.

Economic importance. Nearly all species are ornamental nectariferous

1... @Mlowersainypamicle smut. eaaperac topsites cece erent ee Di
oF Blow ers/invcorymbiformyor umbel late inilorescences, a. ai iis 4,
2 Panicles broadly ovoid, very sparse, with very remote branches;
TlOWEF'S White acecas ia. ct name mneleoe. a hant: 4, 8S. baldschuanica B. Fedtsch.
+ Panicles dense, ovoid, ovoid-cylindrical or pyramidal; flowers bright
Pili kiss saesres a Ris dust eis weed act yan ted ofian: aera etlig ath Bese es), loc bees Be

“ From the Greek speiraia, a shrub name used by Theophrastus.

218

[285

+

2%

Young shoots, petioles, inflorescence axis, and hypanthium densely .
covered with ferruginous tomentose pubescence; leaves broadly

elliptic or ovate (1.5—2.5 times as long as broad), dentate usually

PeOma DOVE HMeMmi vel ilic Are). yAbh Tat ae, ih, 2. S.humilis A. Pojark.
Young shoots glabrous or with rather sparse light pubescence;
inflorescence axis and pedicels pubescent; hypanthium sparsely

hairy; leaves long-elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate (3—4 times as long

asiproad), dentate almost fromibasey Wl 8%. i. 20: 1. S. salicifolia L.
lowers in compound) corymbiform intloresceneesy.) 1c) es ts D.
IP OME sa Chuan oles xen eveany o}sy) (Oey hubad\ oyoIs\ Batch ee ain oo peo ens Beige been 6.

Inflorescence 2.5—9 cm in diameter (mostly 5—6 cm), with long,

profusely branching lower branches; pedicels glabrous or slightly
pubescent; leaves 2.2—7.5cm long (usually ca.4 cm), dentate almost

Tie iaat [ot steied ss Re Ra AS Ree eer See Meee dee 3. S.betulifolia Fall.
Inflorescence 1.5—-3 ecm in diameter (mostly 2 cm), with little-
protruding lower branches; pedicels gray with dense pubescence;
feavese!-—s crionge, often dentate only, at the apexsor entimeyn. Wi)... ..
peta eee SEM EE BI AST oe Pa AONE 048 4, S.beauverdiana C.K. Schn.

PICT CHE NL oe SERRE taht ALT SEEN LEER Mee oe RARER. aE Le CR STRESS, {fo
Infloreseences terminating axillary \leaty shoots. i). £>. 00 5niS... 8.
Leaves of sterile shoots — except the very lowest — broadly cuneate,
with 3 large lobelike teeth at the apex; pedicels 2-6 mm long......
Tasca Sirk EH 0 ad MB poche en ahiet vane SOUP ead Had Se 22. S. aquilegifolia Pall.
Leaves of sterile shoots oblong, entire or with 2—5 small teeth at the

Bere pedicels. iho mamWlome oA) oo Ge ls Pe. 21. S.hypericifolia L.
Sigleraaisin prommventralicidetor follicle ie cee A fie fs Rees oF
Diylerarcisimortron! dorsaltside tor follicle a4 4). 2) Aa AeA. Wh
Fruiting sepals erect; buds ovate, with 6—8 free exterior scales;
Perolesrseveralitimes longer thanvbuds! 7. ees) 9. S.elegans A. Pojark.
Fruiting sepals recurved; buds oblong, flattened, more or less equal

fo petioles, .with 2 sharp—pointed exterior scales 27. .). 3 8.25 2... LO),
Leaves oblong-elliptic, with simple acute teeth at the apex or from
taermiddle; HMowerme Shoots 1.5—6.em long... .. 7. §S. flexuosa Fisch.
Leaves ovate, duplicato-dentate from base or from the middle.... 11.

Shoots light brown, slender; leaves broadly ovate with rounded or
truncate base, the secondary teeth equal, small; flowering branchlets
ZacitMloie >) iatlomescences subumbellate . 2. Gi. 2%. @ isle e lele ve eee) ele
Pr Need a! Salad a mhiyss che ve dhen ie acing we em ell Ye ie 8. S.ussuriensis A. Pojark.
Shoots light yellow or brownish yellow, thicker; leaves often cuneate

at base, the secondary teeth unequal; flowering shoots 3-14 cm

long; inflorescence corymbiform, sometimes with very scattered

ROSE Tem tlOMCT GR Riese nts ire <td Spal it shea hres wrareyns(t abayse 6. S. chamaedryfolia L.
Leaves with long, appressed sericeous pubescence on both sides or

only below; stamens longer than petals; fruiting sepals recurved;

HoAave ce Wilthimve Wane ethmatrene: apexes. & yim jaan sprntemle In So, SsericeasDurez.
IRMbeSCenCesabS CailKOr Gitleme nthe ot oy- velar. stone: ve bettie tel shales Aten he Se
Leaves with a whitish bloom below; inflorescences small, very dense;

MONET MIPS OO USI el SiCial LOMO Wes chairs al tick a siep he Suton Plea slo (em omen a fat a 14.
LESVeES) Mireeia loSlony, witout lollorensal eo oa 6 6 mo ne cho 4 clone Glo S)p cee hae

219

14. Leaves oblanceolate or linear-lanceolate, mucronate, dark green
above; branches usually long, virgate, with numerous flowering
ShOObS uch + xen’ ade eerbols ean eae RRS Be 18. S. alpina Pall.
+ Leaves oblong-oboval, with obtuse or rounded apex, usually glaucous;
bRanchesushortawmith 1b flowering Shoors etnies ieee ak Geen © oh

«lauren s set tsmed. 1 ano secctave dela bbe 14. S.tianschamica A. Pojark.
15. Stamens shorter than petals; fruiting sepals erect; leaves withlarge
Feet at thei apexior shallowlystrilobae wae cee eeeeeray ce entadetnen ceed Ge
+ Stamens longer than petals; leaves entire, those on sterile shoots
dentate, or else with few small teeth confined to the apex .... 18.
16] Quitexsclabrouspshrub withybroad leaves air-ne eet. li 15. S.trilobata L.
+ Shrubs with pubescent leaves and shoots, often other parts also
pubescentgorileavmes, narrow lanceolate svat. fincas lt) aoe 1s
17. Hypanthium, sepals, and pedicels glabrous; bracts absent. Shrubs
2-Agmahtiolhios, Jury thin Bawa ecb ber the phan aka eis 17. S. pubescens Turcz.
+ Hypanthium and sepals pubescent; pedicels with linear bract above
286 Walsmanmolciles aslauablots) e070) iat laWi ee ee oe 16. S. pilosa Franch.
18. Fruiting sepals recurved; pedicels 6—12 mm long; buds with several
fREELERtCHIOK uSCALES: 6a Mibwm added edule are Gl hee saad ape 8),
+ Fruiting sepals erect; pedicels 2—5 mm long (to 8mmin fruit); buds
covered by mitratoiiconnate iscalless Ake Ruste ae oho ee cee 20:

19. Leaves narrow, elongate-elliptic or linear-lanceolate; shoots
slender, virgate; entire plant glabrous; flowering shoots 2—3 cm

lon esetilowecs: Ge avemlian inl ciarmleieic iyi te ee ere 12. S.dahurica Maxim.
+ Leaves broader; shoots thicker, strong; flowering shoots 3—8cm
lonsrbhlowerso7 9) mining Giamre ver saw aicmmulttdiee 2 10. S. media Schmidt.

20. Leaves on sterile shoots with 3 parallel longitudinal veins, regularly
CIES OF CrODETS wieO@ma wae isalclMle Oir MSATelhy POA SASS 5 5 5 5
spaubly yee “ae. Foleo) ee bBo bt so eie ees cere atl adele, Pee 18. S,erenata L.

+ Leaves on sterile shoots with one midrib, entire or with 2 or 3 teeth
Ail THEA PECK nab was a edee ja bet en praes fal dace te hist cette see Cite be hae sae oes og See Palle

21. Flowers 7-10 mm in diameter; pedicels 2—5 mm long, to 8mm long
inviruiteleaves: on Stemileyshootsyl2c- 2c. mms lone sue) ae) caiman
<a hei LOT AE tA os eergey ll: ene Deed «be ke pawarke 19. S.lasiocarpa Kar. et Kir.

+ Flowers 10—12 mm in diameter; pedicels 8—18 mm long, those of
uppermost flowers 4mm long; leaves on sterile shoots 20—35mm
LO Gecm to catagewrsi hy abd eres ho ood arate abe 20. S.ferganensis A. Pojark.

Subgenus 1. PROTOSPIRAEA Nakai, Fl. sylv. Koreana IV (1916) 12.—
Inflorescences developing at ends of new annotinous long leafy shoots, arising
from base of shrub or from old, rarely from second-year branches.

Section 1. SPIRARIA Ser. in DC., Prodr. II (1825) 514, (ex parte);
C.K. Schn., II. Handb. Laubh. I (1906) 480.— Inflorescence an oblong. more
or less pyramidal ovoid-cylindrical panicle.

Small number of species, all — apart from the two USSR species —
distributed in N. America.

220

287

1. S. salicifolia L., Sp. pl. (1753) 489; Pall., Fl. Ross. 1 (1784) 36
(var.major et alpestri s); Turcz.,Fl.baics-dah. 1, 361; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II,
1,15; Shmal'g., Fl. 1.314; Kom., Fl. Mansh. II (1904) 454; Ej., Fl. kamtsch. II
(1929) 229; Hulten, Fl. Kamtch. III (1929) 427; Kom.and Alis., Opred. rast.
Dal'nevost. kraya II (1932) 627; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VU, 1457.— S.salici-
folia @lanceolata etB alpestris Maxim.in A.H. P. VI (1879) 210. —
ieqnerall sy Pear SX OCX TA Ean Ee Nor 126.

Shrub 1—2 m high, with smooth, usually glabrous shoots; leaves 4-10 cm
long, 1.5—4 em broad, elongate-lanceolate or long-elliptic, acute, cuneately
tapering toward base into short petioles (2—7 mm), glabrous or pubescent
below along the midrib, with very prominent veins, serrate nearly to base;
panicles ovoid-cylindrical or pyramidal, usually 5-12 cm long, sometimes
rounded-ovoid and 1.5—2 cm long, the specimens with such impoverished
inflorescences usually also with smaller leaves (f.alpestris Pall.)
and occurring mainly in the northern part of the distribution area;
inflorescence axes and short pedicels usually more or less covered
with yellowish pubescence, rarely quite glabrous; flowers 8—12 mm in
diameter, pink, the stamens twice as long as petals; follicles smooth,
with style arising from the dorsal side almost at the apex, the upper parts
recurved. Fl. June— August, fr. July — September.

Riverbanks, flooded meadows, tussocks of forest and meadow bogs;
nearly always forming thickets, low-growing in open places and attaining
7 mmnesweadiernIsices..— Aretie: Ans Wissiberiass@Obm Obibiver basin
between 56.6 and 61°N., U. Tob. (very rarely on the Tobol River and in the
Naryni River valley); E. Siberia: Yenis. (to the latitude of the Lower
Tunguska River), Lena-Kol. (as far north as Verkhoyansk; known from the
Indigirka and Kolyma rivers), Ang.-Say. (apparently with the exception
of the SW part), iIDAUILS Heue Ise IWereacl,- Ze,-iFu, Uc, USS, Salina.

Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur.: from Carniola, Upper Austria and Bohemia to
Lithuania, Volhynia, and Bukovina; Mong. (Tuva ASSR, N. Mong.); Jap.-Ch.
(Manchuria, N. Korea, Japan); reported for Alaska and Sitka ? Described
from Siberia. Type in London.

Economic importance. Long and well established in horticulture,
especially the large-flowered variety with pale pink flowers —
var.grandiflora C. Koch, usually known as S.grandiflora Lodd.
Replaced in America by the closely related species S.alba Du Roi and
S.latifolia Borkh., which are quite often cultivated in the gardens .
and parks of the Soviet Union.

2. S. humilis A. Pojark. in Addenda VIII, p.375.

Shrub 25—50cm high; young shoots densely covered with ferruginous
tomentose pubescence; leaves 2.5—6.5cm long, 1—3.3 cm broad, elliptic,
less often ovate, rather broad (1.5—2.5, rarely 3 times longer than broader),
with cuneate, less often rounded base, acute, glabrous above, with rather
Sparse sericeous hairs along the main veins below, usually with acute,
mostly simple teeth only from the middle or only near the apex, rarely
teeth present also in lower part of leaf; lower leaves on shoots sometimes
entire; petioles 2—4 mm long, ferruginous-tomentose; flowers bright pink,
in compact, broad, ovoid or pyramidal-ovoid panicles, 2.5—10cm long,
2—6.5 cm in diameter, with dense ferruginous-tomentose pubescence on

221

288

axes, pedicels, and hypanthium at least in its lower part; pedicels
1.5 —3mm long, thick; sepals triangular, acute; stamens much longer
than petals. Fruits unknown. July. |

Mossy tussocks in boggy deciduous forests.— E.Siberia: Lena-Kol.;
Far East: Uda, Uss.,Sakh. Endemic ? Described from Udinskoe on the
Amgun River. Type in Leningrad.

Section 2. CALOSPIRA C. Koch in Gartenflora III (1854) 397; C.K. Schn.,
Handb. Laubholz. I (1906) 467. — Flowers in broadly corymbiform or ovoid
panicles.

Cycle 1. Betulifoliae A. Pojark.— Flowers white or pale pink, in
dense corymbiform panicles, the stamens twice as long as petals;
fruiting sepals recurved; follicles linear-lanceolate, with truncate apex;
style arising from dorsal side.

3. S.betulifolia Pall., Fl. Ross. 1 (1784) 33; Ldb., Fl. Ross. Il, 14; Kom.,
Fl. Mansh. I (1904) 456; Kom., Fl. Kamtsch. II (1929) 230; Kom. and Alis.,
Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya II (1932) 627.— S.betulaefolia var.
typica Maxim.in A.H.P., VI (1879) 208 (fl.ochroleuco et fl.roseo).—
S.beauverdiana Hulten, Fl. kamtch. Il (1929) 38 (ex parte) non
Co IK. S@lnimo= le. 3 Ie. Ihe Ga; wal, LG.

Shrub ca.50—60 cm high, with dense globose crown and very leafy glabrous
and pubescent shoots covered — like the old branches — with light brown
bark; leaves elliptic or oboval with cuneate base, less often broadly ovate
with rounded base, short-petioled, 2.2—7.5cm long, 1—5 cm broad, mostly
ca.4cm long, 2.5cm broad, light below, prominently veined, glabrous on
both sides or pubescent along the veins, crenate-dentate on the margin
mostly almost from base; inflorescence 2.5—9 cm in diameter (usually
5—6 cm), often with more than 100 flowers, the lower lateral axis much
branched, to 9cm long; pedicels and inflorescence axis glabrous, less
often sparsely pubescent; flowers 7-9 mm in diameter, white or pinkish
(drying slightly yellowish, which may explain Maximowicz's description
of f.ochroleuca); follicles 3—4 mm long, pubescent or glabrous. Fl.from
end of June to beginning of September, fr. from July. (Plate XVII, Figure 3).

Dry sparsely wooded and open mountain slopes,rock streams, peat bogs,
mainly deciduous and Siberian stone pine forests: single shrubs or in small
groups. — E. Siberia: Lena-Kol. (SE part); Far East: Kamch. (together with
S.beauverdiana C.K.Schn. but not very often, and apparently rarely
pure, mostly as a hybrid with S.beauverdiana), Okh. (Taui Bay), Ze.-Bu.
(as far west as Selendzha River, a tributary of the Zeya), Uda, including
the Shantar Islands, Uss., Sakh. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Chihli Province),
Jap. Described from the Maya River, a tributary of the Aldan. Type in
London.

Note. Usually, D.lucida Dougl.from NW America (from British
Columbia to Oregon) closely resembling S.betulifolia in its habitus,
is indicated as being very closely related to it. This species, however,
is distinguished from C.betulifolia by such essential characters as

222

erect fruiting sepals and by follicles tapering to the apex, their style
arising very near to the ventral side, which precludes such a close
relationship. Hulten (1. c.) put forward the hypothesis that Pallas's
name S.betulifolia Pall. refers precisely to this N. American
species and not to the E. Asian one. This assumption originated from
his mistaking the specimen in the BIN Herbarium for Pallas's authentic
specimen: it bears a close resemblance in leaf arrangement and shape of
inflorescence to the description of Steller's specimen in Fl. Ross.,
Plate 16, from which S.betulifolia Pall. has been described. The
specimen of S.lucida referred to bears the label "betulaefolia" in
Fisher's handwriting (this plant clearly belongs to his herbarium);
below there is a note in Regel's writing: ''Herb. Pallas,'' which must
have caused Hulten's error.
Economic importance. The low-growing, abundantly flowering shrubs
of this species are used as ornamental plants, especially for border settings.
Sapbetulifoliia Pall: X beauverdiana, G. K.Schn...- these hybrids
are rather frequent in the northern part of the S.betulifolia distribution
area, in Kamchatka, the Okhotsk coast, and Sakhalin, but occur rather rarely
in the southern parts of its distribution area. In their characters they
approximate one or other of the parent species.

4, S.beauverdiana C.K.Schn. in Bull. Herb. Boiss., 2 sér., V (1905) 348;
Ill. Handb. Laubh. I (1906) 478 (var. typica et var.Steveni); Kom., Fl.
Kamtsch. II (1929) 231; Hulten, Fl. kamtch. III (1929) 38 (ex parte). —
S.chamaedryfolia (non L.) Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnaea II (1827) 2.—
S.crenata Mertens in Linnaea V (1830) 63,non L.— S.betulaefolia
Somemaime lla Kom.,l.c.,231.— S.steveni Rydb.in N. Amer. Fl. XXi), 3
(1908) 247.;

Small, profusely branching shrub 15—30cm high, the shoots slender,
ribbed, pubescent when young, later glabrous; leaves short-petioled,
t3 em! ong, 0.5—1.5 cm broad, mostly 2:1.2 cm, elliptic or oval, often
elongated (3:1), obtuse, usually rounded, rarely cuneate at base, glabrous,
light below, with very prominent veins, crenate- or serrate-dentate,
often only in upper part, rarely entire; inflorescences small, 1.5 —3cm
in diameter (mostly 2 cm), very dense, the lower branches to 1.5cm
long, little-protruding; axes short (to 3cm long); pedicels grayish with
dense velutinous pubescence; flowers 4—6(7)mm in diameter; follicles
2.5—3mm long, mostly pubescent. Fl. June, fr.from end of July.

(Plate XVII, Figure 2).

Habitats as for the preceding species. — Arctic: Chuk., An.; E. Siberia:
Lena-Kol. (SW part); Far East: Kamch., Okh., Ze.-Bu. (upper part of Zeya
and Bureya river basins), Uda, Uss., very rarely, known only from the
BotchiRiver,Sakh. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch.: N. Japan, Kurile Islands and
Ber., NW tip of America (Alaska to Yukon). Described from Japan. Type
in Vienna.

Series 1. Decumbentes A. Pojark.— Flowers white, in very sparse,
sometimes oblong panicles; stamens half as long as petals; fruiting sepals
erect; styles arising from dorsal side very near the apex. Apart from

228

our species,S.decumbens Koch.and S.haqueti Fenzl. et Koch., from
the limestones of Italy and Carinthia, also belong to this series.

5. S. baldschuanica B. Fedtsch. in Consp. fl. turk. III (1909) 6.

Low, branching shrub with glabrous, reddish-brown shoots; leaves firm,
glaucous-greenish, lighter below, glabrous, oboval, broadly elliptic, or
subrhomboid, cuneately tapering to base, with a short (1.5—3 mm) petiole,
acute, less often obtuse, entire or unequally dentate above the middle,
(5)10—22 mm long, (2.5)4.5—15 mm broad; panicles to 8cm in diameter,
to 12 cm long, very loose, with very remote, slender branches usually
3—5 cm, Sometimes to 9cm long, bearing at the base one bract, which
is sometimes displaced nearly to middle of axis; pedicels slender, filiform,
with a lanceolate bracteole above the middle; flowers white, 7mm in
diameter, the sepals and hypanthium pubescent outside; follicles pubescent,
3 times as long as sepals. June.

Limestones on mountain slopes. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. — known only
from southern slope of the Gissar Range (from the Varzob River), from
the Gazimailik Range and the Vakhsh Range (Mts. Changlak and Sevistan).
Endemic. Described from the Sevistan Mountains. Type in Leningrad.

Economic importance. May be used as ornamental plants.

Subgenus 2. METASPIRAEA Nakai, Fl. sylv. Koreana IV (1916) 12.—
Inflorescences developing from buds of preceding year's shoots, corymbiform
or umbellate, at tips of short leafy branchlets or sessile.

Section 1. CHAMAEDRYON Ser. in DC., Prodr. II (1825) 542. —
Flowers in simple corymbiform or umbellate inflorescences terminating
leafy lateral shoots, less often in sessile umbels with leaf rosetteat base.

291
z Series 1. Chamaedryfoliae A. Pojark.— Inflorescences terminating leafy

shoots; stamens twice as long as petals; fruiting sepals recurved; style
arising from ventral side of follicle; shoots ribbed; buds more or less
equal to petioles, flattened, oblong, with 2 sharp-pointed exterior scales. —
Three species occur in the Soviet Union.

6. S.chamaedryfolia L., Sp. pl. I (1753) 489; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II (1844) 4
(ex parte); Bge. in Ldb., Fl. Alt. II (1930) 213; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VIL,
1454.— S.ulmifolia Scop., Fl. carniol. I (1772) 349.— S.chamaedry-
folia var.ulmifolia Maxim. in A.H. P. VI (1879) 186 (ex parte). —

Ic.: Pall., Fl. Ross. I (1784) tab. 15 (except for lowest figure on left of
plate).

Shrub 80—150 cm high, with glabrous, mostly erect shoots, from pale
yellow to very light brown; leaves with short (2—5 mm) petioles, glabrous,
or with beards below at base, broadly ovate or oblong-ovate, acute, with
rounded or cuneate base, unequally dentate or duplicato-dentate nearly from
base or from above the middle; leaves on sterile shoots sometimes incised-
dentate, those on flowering shoots often with slightly developed, subobtuse

224

San

SS —

292

teeth or entire, 1.5—6 (10) cm long, 1—4cm broad; flowering shoots 3—14cm
long, only the uppermost sometimes 2cm long; inflorescences 6—20 -flowered,
corymbiform, often with remote lower pedicels, the latter glabrous,
13—20 mmlong; corolla 10—15mm in diameter; follicles glabrous or
appressed-hairy. Fl. June, fr. July. (Plate XVIII, Figure 9).

Open forests, forest edges, banks of small rivers, shady slopes, also
stony slopes, sometimes forest meadows and subalpine meadows. —
W.Siberia: Ob — SE part between the Ob and Yenisei rivers, Irt. — SE part,
Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. — only in area adjacent to the Yenisei;
Centr. Asia: Balkh. — only in the far SE part (near Zaisan), Dzu.-Tarb.
(Saur, Tarbagatai, and the Dzungarian Ala-Tau). Gen.distr.: Centr. Eur. —
from Carniola, Austria, and Hungary, to the northern part of the
Balkan Peninsula and the Carpathians; Mong. — Tuva ASSR. Described
from Siberia. Type in London.

Economic importance. Widely used as ornamental plants. Nectariferous.

7. S.flexuosa Fisch. ex Cambess. in Ann. sc. nat. I (1824) 365; Sér.in
DC., Prodr. II (1825) 542; Turcz., Fl. baic.-dah. 1, 357; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II,
Pilss ome EE Mansine UL (1904) 458 (ex parte); Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast.
Dal'nevost. kraya II (1932) 627 (ex parte). — S.chamaedrifolia var.
flexuosa Maxim. in A. H. P. VI (1879) 186. — Ic.: Cambess., l.c., tab. 26.

Shrub to 1.5m high, with slender, sometimes geniculate shoots, pale
yellow or brownish yellow; leaves oblong-elliptic or oblong-oval, rarely
broader, acute, with cuneate, less often rounded base, with remote, acute,
sometimes inconspicucus teeth diminishing upward from middle of blade
or higher, quite glabrous or else very sparsely hairy below; flowering
branches 1.5—6 (8)cm long, 4—10-flowered; pedicels glabrous, 0.7—18 mm
long; corolla 8—10(12)mm in diameter, sometimes pinkish; follicles
usually appressed-hairy at the apex. Fl. June, fr. August. (Plate XVII,
Figure 8).

Forest edges and often deciduous-and-pine and mixed forests, in forest
meadows, sometimes subalpine meadows, on banks of small rivers, less
often on slopes among shrub thickets. — W. Siberia: Ob (easternmost
part only), Alt. — onthe Ang.-Say. border; E. Siberia: Lena-Kol. — known
only fromthe Maya River, Ang.-Say., and Dau. (W.); Far East: Uss. (rarely).
Gen. distr.: Mong. — Tuva, mountainous part of N. and Centr. Mong.,
Jap.-Ch. — N. Korea (Segelsu River valley).

Described aftera cultivated specimen. Type in Geneva.

Economic importance. Has long been cultivated in European gardens,
but of rare occurrence. Hard!ty cultivated at all in the Soviet Union.

8. S.ussuriensis A. Pojark.sp.n.in Addenda VIII, p.375 — S.chamae-
dryfolia Maxim., Prim. fl. amur. (1859) 90 (non L.); Rgl.in Mém. Acad.
Sc. St.-Pétersb., VII, sér., IV,4 (1861) 52; Kom., Fl. Mansh. II (1904) 457;
Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya II (1932) 697.— S.flexuosa
var.latifolia Fisch. ex Maxim.,1.c., 91 (ex parte et pro synon.).—
S.ulmifolia non Scop.) Nakai, Fl. sylv. Koreana IV (1915) 20.— Ic.: Kom.
and Alis.,l.c., Plate 192, Figure 4; Nakai,1.c., Flate 8.

Shrub ca.1m high, with slender, often flexuous light brown shoots;
leaves slender, broadly oval, rounded-cuneate or truncate at base, acute
or subobtuse, glabrous above, with hairs along the midrib below and with

225

beards in the angles, duplicato-dentate, the secondary teeth more or less
equal, small, acute; flowering branches 2—5 cm long, with 3—5 leaves not
differing in shape of dentation from those on vegetative shoots; flowers
9—15mm in diameter, white, in umbellate 4—12 -flowered inflorescences
(pedicels not remote as in S.chamaedryfolia); pedicels 7-15 mm long,
glabrous like the calyx, often with glaucous bloom; follicles usually
appressed-hairy only in upper part. Fl. June,fr.July. (Plate XVII,

Figure 10).

Slopes and rocks, both in mixed forests and in open spaces.— Far East:
Ze.-Bu. (only Bureya Range), Uda (southernmost part), Uss. Gen. distr.:
Jap.-Ch. — Manchuria and N. Korea. Described from the Khekhtsyr Range
in the Ussuri area. Type in Leningrad.

293
Economic importance. Ornamental and nectariferous.

Series 2. Elegantes A. Pojark. — Flowers in few-flowered corymbs,
terminating leafy shoots; stamens twice as long as petals; fruiting sepals
erect; style arising from ventral side of follicle; shoots ribbed; buds
ovate, with 6—8 free exterior scales, the petioles several times
longer than buds. — One species.

9. S.elegans A. Pojark. sp.n.in Addenda VIII, p.376.—S.chamaedry -
folia Fr.Schmidt in Mém. Acad. Sc. St. Pétersb., VII sér., XII, 2 (1868)

38 (non L.).— S.chamaedryfolia var.ulmifolia ex parte) et var.
flexuosa Korsh. in A.H. P. XII (1892) 333.

Shrub with slender, slightly ribbed, often flexuous, glabrous shoots
covered with light brown or reddish-brown bark, and with brownish-gray
strongly ramentaceous older, slender branches; leaves 11—35 mm long,
6—15 mm broad, on sterile shoots to 55mm long, 26 mm broad, leaves
with petioles 2—11 mm long, glabrous above, with beards in angles of main
veins below, oblong-elliptic or lanceolate-oval, subacute, usually with
cuneate base, unequally dentate and partly duplicato-dentate above base
or at least from the middle (on flowering shoots sometimes only at the
apex),sometimes incised-dentate on sterile shoots; flowering branches
1—5 (7)cm long (one plant was found with sessile inflorescences);
inflorescences 6—14-flowered; pedicels 7-12 mm long, to 16 mm long
in fruit, glabrous; corolla 10-15 mm in diameter; follicles with appressed
yellow pubescence throughout or confined to the apex. Fl. June, fr. August.
(Plate XVII, Figure 7).

Stony slopes, rock streams and rocks, mostly woodless.— E. Siberia:
Dau. (E.); Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen.distr.: Mong. — in part of
N. Mongolia adjacent to Dauria. Described from the village of Pokrovka
onthe Amur. Type in Leningrad.

Note. S.elegansxX ussuriensis has buds like those of S.elegans,
but in leaf shape it is closer sometimes to one species, sometimes to the
other. In available specimens, sepals are recurved as inS.ussuriensis.
Apparently not a very rare species; collected in the Bureya Range and on
the coast (Uss.). Resembles in habitus S.ussuriensis A. Pojark.,
from which it is distinguished by erect fruiting sepals, entirely different
bud structure, shape of leaves and of leaf teeth.

226

294

Cycle Mediae A. Pojark.— Flowersin loose corymbiform inflorescences
terminating leafy shoots; stamens longer than petals; fruiting sepals divergent;
style arising from dorsal side of follicles; shoots smooth, not ribbed;
buds with 6—8 free scales.— Apart from the 3 USSR species,S.prostrata
Maxim. from central China also belongs in this cycle.

10. S. media Schmidt, Oesterr. Baumz. I (1792) 53; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 315;
Kom., Fl. Kamtsch. II (1929) 232; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost.
kraya II (1932) 627 (ex parte); Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VII, 1455.— S.oblongi -
folia W.et K., Ic. pl. rar. Hung. III (1812) 261.— S.chamaedryfolia Ldb.,
Fl. Ross. Il, 14 (ex parte, non L.); Turcz., Fl. baic.-dah. I, 358. —

So SAS Bind! WS) MDI erARG IA Oas LG (nomen) et in sched. — S.confusa Rel.

et Koern. in Ind. sem. hort. Petrop. (1857) 57.— S.confusaa@ subglabra
Rgl. in Mém. Acad. Sc. St. Petérsb. VII Sér., IV, 4 (1861) 52.— S.banatica
Janka in Acad. K6zl. XII (1876) 166.—S. polonica Blocki in Deutsch. bot.
Monatsschr. X (1892) 110.— Ic.: Schmidt.,1.c.,tab.54; W.et K.,1.c.,
tabee2oos kom. and. Alice es Plate 192) hie, 3.— Exs.:9H eR, No. lala,

1217 5b.

Shrub 1—2 m high, with glabrous shoots pubescent when young, covered
with light brown bark, later ramentaceous; leaves elliptic, oblong to
sublanceolate, entire on flowering shoots, upper leaves on sterile shoots
with few unequal teeth at the apex, thin, glabrous on both sides or with
sparse hairs below, ciliate-margined; flowering branchlets 3—8 mm long;
pedicels 7—22 mm long; corolla 7-9mmin diameter; follicles glabrous or
hairy, the style arising from dorsal side, slightly below the apex. Fl. from
end of May — July (in various regions), fr. July August.

Undergrowth of dry forests, forest edges, open, Shady and stony slopes,
among shrubs, valley grass thickets; mostly in groups. — European part:
Dy. beech... V.-Kama, U. Dip: (SW). W. Siberia: Ob (S. part), Irt., Alt.;

E. Siberia: Yenis. (S. part), Lena-Kol. (except N.), Ang.-Say., Dau.;

Far East: Kamch., Okh., Ze.-Bu., Uda, Uss. (rarely); Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb.
(in N. part — Saur). Gen.distr.: Centr. Eur.: Poland, Hungary,

Carniola; Mong.—Tuva, N. Mong., Jap.-Ch. — Manchuria, N. Korea. Described
Described from the Irtysh River in Siberia.

Economic importance. One of the most common ornamental shrubs
in park and gardens of the USSR; used mainly for hedgerows, being tolerant
of clipping. Nectariferous.

Note. S.mediaXcrenata=S.pikoviensis Bess.; hybrids
showing intermediate characters between the two species are easily
recognized; the leaves onthe sterile shoots are similar to those of
S.media in size, shape, and dentation, and to those of S.crenata in
the presence of 3 longitudinal veins.

11. S.sericea Turcz., Fl. baic.-dah. I (1842) 358; Maxim., Prim. fl. amur.
(1859) 91.— S.confusa var. sericea Rgl. in Mém. Acad. Sc. St. Pétersb.,
VII sér., IV, 4 (1861) 53.— S.media var.sericea C.K.Schn., Ill. Handb.
Laubh. I (1906) 456.— S.media Kom.and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost.
kraya II (1932) 627 (ex parte).

Shrub 70—180 cm high, with light brown, puberulous or tomentose shoots
and reddish-gray branches with strongly ramentaceous bark; leaves 1—3 cm
long (to 4.5cem long on sterile shoots), 0.7—2 cm broad, firm, prominently

227

(295)

&
AS
DB

ys Z

ae
by 79

6 Faaw len entkam

J
PLATE XVII.

1—Physocarpus amurensis Maxim., a) fruit; 2—Spiraea beauverdiana C.K.
Schn.; 3—S.betulifolia Pall., leaf; 4—S.pilosa Franch, a) fruit; 5—S.trilobata L., leaf;
6—S.alpina Pall.; 7—S.elegans A.Pojark., a) fruit, b) bud; 8—S.flexuosa Fisch., a) fruit,

b) bud; 9—S.chamaedrifolia L., a) leaf; 10—S.ussuriensis A.Pojark., leaf; 11—S.dahurica
Maxim., a) sterile shoot, b) fruit.

228

298

veined, with long sericeous pubescence, often continuous and long-persistent
below but disappearing with growth above, oval or elliptic, varying

greatly in width (from broadly ovate to lanceolate), mostly acute, entire,
usually with few teeth at the apex only on sterile shoots; petioles short,
1—2(3)mm; flowering branchlets 2—6 cm long; inflorescences many -
flowered; pedicels 7-9mm long; follicles mostly pubescent, the style

often arising from the dorsal side very near the apex. Fl. June, fr. July.

Usually on open, stony slopes, shrub thickets, forest edges, dry forests,
taluses in forests; sometimes forming thickets. — E. Siberia: Dau.

(EF, part); Han hast: Ze.-pu., Uda, Uss. « Gendistr. 2 vap.-Ch: (Manchuria)
and N. Mong. Described from the Argun River in Dauria. Type in
Leningrad.

Note. This species is usually regarded as avariety of S.media Schmidt.
However,S.sericea Turcz.is distinguished by very constant characters
(persisting in cultivation) and has a specific distribution area coinciding
with only a relatively small part of the distribution area of S.media.

In places where both species grow together,S.sericea is encountered
much more often than S.media (especially in the Ussuri region) and is
confined to more open and drier habitats.

Hybrids of S.sericea X S.media occur seldom and have intermediate
characters.

Economic importance. Should be cultivated as an ornamental plant.

12. S.dahurica Maxim. in A. H. P. VI (1879) 190.— S.alpina var.
dahurica Rupr.in Bull. phys.-math. Acad. Sc. St.-Pétersb. XV (1857) 362. —
Sa,apinakorsh, in AVH..Po xX (1892) 333 (non Pall.).

Glabrous, spreading shrub 1—1.5 m high, with slender, virgate, often
arched-upcurved dark brown shoots; leaves 8—20 cm long (to 30 mm on
sterile shoots), 2—3.5 mm broad, elongate-elliptic or lanceolate, acute, entire,
some leaves at apex of sterile shoots with 2—5 teeth; petioles 0.5—2 mm
long; flowering shoots 2—3cm long; pedicels 6-12 mm long, to 17mm in
fruit; corolla 6—-7mm in diameter; sepals triangular, short; follicles
glabrous, the erect style arising from the dorsal side very near the apex.

Fl. June, fr. July. (Plate XVII, Figure 11).

Open slopes, rock crevices, rock streams. — E. Siberia: Dau. (FE, part).
Gen. distr.: Mong.: N. part of Mongolia adjacent to Dauria. Described
from the Shilka River, below the mouth of the Daban River. Type in
Leningrad.

Note. Inits habitus S.dahurica Maxim.resembles S.alpina Pall.,
but is distinguished by broader leaves without glaucous bloom below,
divergent fruiting sepals, and looser, broader inflorescences.

Series 3. Alpinae Pojark.— Inflorescences terminating leafy shoots,
corymbiform, dense; stamens longer than petals; fruiting sepals erect;
style arising from dorsal side of follicle slightly below the apex. Leaves
whitish below, smooth owing to papilliform epidermal excrescences. Buds
with several pairs of free scales. Only 2 species in the Soviet Union.

13. S. alpina Pall., Fl. Ross. I (1784) 35; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 13; Turcz.,

Fl. baic.-dah. 1, 360; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VII, 1451.— S.alpina var.
altaica Maxim. in A.H.P. VI (1879) 183.— Ic.: Pall.,1.c., tab. 20.

Doe

299

Shrub 50—80 cm high, devoid of pubescence, with slender, virgate, often
arched-upcurved branches sometimes to 25—35 cm long, covered with
strongly ramentaceous grayish brown bark; leaves dark green above,
light and whitish below, lanceolate or lance-linear, short-acuminate,
cuneately tapering toward base, without conspicuous petioles, 8-20 mm
long, 1.5—4 mm broad, entire, on sterile shoots to 25mm long, 8mm
broad, sometimes denticulate; flowering shoots usually numerous, sometimes
up to 25 on each branch, short, 1—3 cm, light brown; pedicels 2.5—6 mm
long, to 10—13 mm in fruit; corolla 5—6 (7)mm in diameter, with obovate
or orbicular petals; flower buds not pigmented; follicles slightly hairy ventrally
along the suture and at the apex,2—3mm long. Fl. June—July, fr. August.
(Plate XVII, Figure 6).

Mountains, forest zone, mainly in moist creek valleys, also in lower
part of the high-mountain zone in alpine meadows and moss-and-lichen
tundra; descends below the mountain-forest zone and grows on riverbanks,
in forest clearings,rarely inbogs.— W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say.,
Dau. Gen.distr.: Mong. — throughout the northern mountainous part
of Mong., Tannu-Ola; Tibet and Central China. Described from Lake
Baikal. Type in Leningrad.

14. S.tianschanica A. Pojark. sp. nov. in Addenda VIII, p. 376. —
S.oblongifolia Rgl.et Herd. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIX (1866) 42
(non W. et K.).— S.crenifolia Rgl.in schedis.— S.alpina var.alt aica
(non Maxim.) Fedtsch. in Consp. fl. turk. III (1909) 6.

Low shrub, devoid of pubescence; branches 5—7cm long, covered with
peeling grayish-brown bark and with 1—5 axillary short flowering shoots
1—2.5 cm long, with light brown or dark purple bark; leaves oblong obovate,
6—20 mm broad, rarely narrower, obtuse or even rounded at the apex,
mucronulate, cuneately tapering to very short petiole, glaucous-green
above, whitish below, glabrous, rarely slightly hairy; pedicels 2.5—5mm
long; corolla 5-6 mm in diameter; flower buds carmine, with persistent pink
spots at flowering (always?); follicles glabrous. Fl. May— July, fr. August.

Upper part of forest zone and lower part of high-mountain zone, on
slopes, along streams and in alpine meadows. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (only
12. part), Ketmen, Kurla, E.and-SE tip of Lake Issyk-kul'). Gen. distr.:
Dzu.-Kash. — Kuldja. Described from the Terskei Ala-Tau. Type in
Leningrad.

Series 4. Trilobatae A.Pojark.— Flowers in umbellate inflorescences
terminating leafy shoots; stamens shorter than petals; fruiting sepals erect;
style arising from dorsal side of follicle very near the apex. Quite
glabrous small shrubs,with broad leaves trilobate or coarsely dentate at
the apex and distinctly but not prominently veined.

15. S.trilobata L., Mant. II (1771) 244; Bge.in Ldb., Fl. Alt. II (1830)
214; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 1,11; Fedtsch., Consp. fl. turk. III (1909) 7 (excl.
var.); Kryl., El Zap. Sib. Vij d4e7 i Je.:' Pall.. Bl oRosca la! (1784)
tab. XX.

Shrub 15—100 cm high, devoid of pubescence, with broad, dense crown and
grayish-brown branches; leaves with 2—5 mm petioles, orbicular or obovate,

230

300

301

cuneate or rounded at base, unequally dentate in upper part, usually
shallowly trilobate, 6-20 mm long, 4—20 mm broad; flowering shoots
yellowish or very light brown; pedicels (5)8—18 mm long, with small

linear bracts near the middle or lower; corolla 5—8 mm in diameter;

petals orbicular, slightly emarginate; follicles 2—5 mm long, glabrous, very
rarely slightly hairy along ventral suture and at the apex. Fl. June— July, fr.
August. (Plate XVII, Figure 5).

Open steppe slopes, mainly stony mountain slopes. — W. Siberia: Alt.,
Ang.-Say.(W.Sayans); Centr. Asia: Balkh. (E. part), Dzu.-Tarb — the SW
border of the species passes through Tarbagatai. Gen.distr.: recorded
for Jap.-Ch. — N.China (Chihli) and Korea. However, the Chinese specimens
differ from the Altai ones, which casts doubt on the identity of the species.
Described from Siberia. Type in London.

Series 5. Pilosae A.Pojark.— Flowers in umbellate or corymbiform
inflorescences terminating leafy shoots; stamens shorter than petals;
fruiting sepals erect; styles arising from dorsal side near the apex.
Pubescent shrubs; leaves oval-cuneate with very prominent veins.
Several species growing in E. Asia (Japan, China) and in the mountains
of Middle Asia.

16. S.pilosa Franch. in Ann. Sc. nat. sér. VI, XVI (1883) DN eyA => [Sa Thiet =
lobata var.pubescens Rgl.in A. P. Fedchenko, Put.v Turk. No.18
(1882) 23; Fedtsch., Consp. fl. turk. III (1909) 7.

Small, branching shrub 30—70cm high, with pubescent shoots; leaves
4—20 mm long, 3—18 mm broad, oblong-cuneate or subrhomboid, unequally
dentate above the middle, mostly trilobate, with very short (1—3 mm)
petioles, densely pubescent on both sides but more densely so below;
flowering shoots 2—6 (10)cm long, light brown, usually densely pubescent;
inflorescences 6—20-flowered, umbellate or subcorymbiform; pedicels
(3)6—16 mm long; corolla 7-10 mm in diameter, the petals erect, oboval;
follicles about as long as sepals, inflated dorsally, with rounded apex,
with sparse pubescence usually confined to the ventral suture and the
apex. Fl. June— July, fr. August. (Plate XVII, Figure 4).

Stony slopes, among rocks, in juniper or walnut forests, also on open
Slopes, at 1,000 —2,500 m. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. — on N. slopes of the
Alai Range (usually), one site is known from the district of Kafirnigan
(Kanyaz); T. Sh. — continuous distribution area in W. Tien Shan (as far
east as the Susamyr River) and one site in E. part of the Trans-lIli
Ala-Tau (Karabulak). Endemic. Described from W. Tien Shan (Siemssen).
Type in Paris.

17. S. pubescens Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. V (1832) 190; Kom. and
Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya II (1932) 627.— S.laucheana Koehn.
in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Gesellsch. VIII (1899) 56 (nomen nudum).

Shrub 1.6—2 mm high; shoots slightly ribbed, hairy, when young covered
with very light brown bark; leaves obovateto oblong-rhomboid, dark green
above, sometimes subglabrous when adult, grayish and rather densely hairy
below, 7-20 mm long, 6-12 mm broad, on sterile shoots to 40 mm long and

231

302

20 mm broad, with large, unequal teeth from the middle or only at the
apex, sometimes nearly trilobate; flowering shoots 1—3.5 cm long;
inflorescences many ~-flowered, with glabrous or slightly hairy pedicels;
corolla 5-7mm in diameter; follicles inflated dorsally, rounded at the apex,
hairy only along the suture and at the apex. Fl. July, fr.September.

Rocks and dry slopes. — Far East: Uss. — only along the Suifun River.
Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. — Manchuria, N. China (Chihli, Shansi, and Kansu)
and N. Korea. Described from the vicinity of Kalgan. Type in Leningrad.

Series 6. Crenatae A. Pojark. — Inflorescences corymbiform, dense,
terminating leafy branches; stamens longer than petals; fruiting sepals erect;
style arising from dorsal side of follicle slightly below the apex. Leaves
obovate, entire, more or less dentate only in certain species and only on
sterile shoots. Apart from the USSR species there is alsoS.mongolica
Maxim.in Mongolia and W. Tibet.

18. S.crenata L., Sp. pl. (1753) 489 (excl. syn.); Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 11;

M. B., Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 392; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. IV (1934) 283. —
S.hypericifoliajauralensis, € Sawranica et € bes sien tame

Sér. in DC. Prodr. II (1825) 543.— S.sawranica Bess. ex DC.,l.c.

(pro synon). — SY Nypent cifoliaye Natit oie lets, lon outo livamleeior

Fl. Alt. II (1830) 214.— S.oblongifolia Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 13 (non W. et K.).
et K.).— S.crenifolia C.A.M.in Beitr. Pflzk. Russ. Reich. VI (1844)

43; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 315; Fedtsch., Consp. fl. turk. III (1909) 6; Poyarkova

in Fl. Yugo-Vost. V (1931) 486.— S.crenifolia var.capitata Trautv.,
A.H. P. II (1873) 528.— S.crenifolia a pallasiana et B capitata
Maxim. in A.H. P., VI (1879) 180.— S.crenifolia f.glahbenrima)Konrsh.,
Mém. Acad. Pétersb. VII Sér., VII (1898) 149.— S.crenifolia var. pallasii
f.puberula Litw. in Sched. HFR (1901), No. 873.— S.crenifolia var.
pallastiid. glabrata) Litw.,l. es .No.874. = le.:, Ldb. Ic. pl. hiamossang
(1834) tab. 428,429; Fedch. and Fler., Fl. Evrop. Ross. (1910), Fig. 415;

Fl. Yupo-VoSt. Vi, Piel So) Se Exs. 2 ERR) NO wots, Ol carol a.

Shrub ca.1m high, with finely ribbed, pubescent shoots; leaves usually
puberulent, rarely glabrous, on sterile shoots 1.5—3 (3.5)cm long, 0.3—-1.5 mm
broad, oblong-obovate to cuneate or obovate, entire or denticulate or crenate
from the middle, less often nearly from base, sometimes with only the apex
dentate, usually with 3 prominent longitudinal veins; leaves on flowering
shoots smaller, 0.6—2 cm long, and narrower, oblong-obovate or lanceolate,
entire, with 1 midrib and 1 or 2 pairs of lateral veins; petioles 1-5 mm
long; flowering branchlets 1—8cm long; inflorescences 10—12-flowered,
compact, sometimes hemispherical (f.capitata Maxim.), with pubescent
pedicels only 1.5—2 times as long as flowers; follicles 2—3 mm long,
pubescent, less often subglabrous, Hh ~ Ws longer than the oblong sepals.

Fl. May, fr. July. (Plate XVIII, Figure 2).

Forest-steppe zone, thickets of steppe shrubs, forest edges, steppe
sands, fields, boundaries, high areas in river floodplains, less often on
open stony and silty slopes, rarely on limestone slopes. — European part:
V.-Kama, M. Dnp., V.-Don, Transv., Bl., L. Don, L. V.; W. Siberia: Ob — only
in SW part and at one site on the Irtysh River inthe former Tara County,

232

Urtobwwirt., Alive Centr Asia: Ar.-Casp: (N. part), Balkh.; Caucasus:
Cisc., Dag., E.and S. Transc. Gen.distr.: E. Europe. Described from
W.Siberia. Type in London.

Economic importance. Used for fastening of sands; ornamental and
nectariferous.

19. S.lasiocarpa Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 536;
Fedtsch., Consp. fl. turk. III (1909) 6.— S.hypericifolia (non L.) Kar. et
ir.) liessp,.3407>\S.erenata varisublobata: Rel. et)Herd., Enum: pl:
Semen. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XXXIX (1866) 86.— S.crenifolia var.
integrifolia Rgl.in sched.

Shrub; shoots glabrous or yellowish-tomentose,slightly angled, with light
brown, later peeling bark; branches long, sometimes to 30—40 cm; with
numerous crowded flowering axillary shoots, the upper 1—2 cm long, the
others ca.3cm long, the lowermost sometimes 4—4.5cm long; leaves
oblong, oboval, or elliptic, cuneately tapering to 1.5—3 mm petiole, glabrous
or slightly hairy on the margin (usually in lower part); leaves on sterile
shoots 10—22 (28) mm long, 2.5—6 mm broad, sometimes with 3 teeth
at the apex; leaves on flowering shoots entire, 5—12 (15)mm long, 2—6 mm
broad; inflorescences dense, the lower sometimes with ramified
2—6-flowered branchlets; pedicels 2—5 mm long, 4—8 mm long in fruit;
flowers 7-10 mm in diameter, with rounded or rounded-oval petals 2—4 mm
long; follicles 3—4mm long. Fl. May— July, fr.from July. (Plate XVIII,
Figure 1).

Mountain forests and lower part of the high-mountain zone, alpine
meadows. — Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. (S. part), T.Sh. — in E. part in the
Trans-Ili and Kirghiz Ala-Tau (formerly Aleksandrovskii) ranges,
Pam.-Al. — N.slope of the Alai Range. Endemic. Described from the
Dzungarian Ala-Tau (Sarkan). Type in Leningrad.

303

20. S.ferganensis A. Pojark. sp.n.in Addenda VIII, p.377.— S.lasio-
carpa Franch. in Ann.d. sc. nat. VI Sér., XVI (1883) 283 (non Kar. et Kir.).

Shrub; shoots slightly angled, light brown, glabrous or with a dense
yellowish tomentose pubescence; leaves on sterile shoots 20—37 mm long,
5—12 mm broad, oblong, elliptic, acute, or else oboval and obtuse or rounded
at the apex, glabrous or slightly hairy on the margin in lower part, sometimes
with 2 or 3 teeth at the apex; leaves 6—11 on flowering shoots, (10) 12—22 mm
long, 3—7mm broad; flowering shoots few, 4—12 per branch, 5—8cm long,
only the uppermost shorter, 3—4cm; inflorescences loose, 6—12 -flowered;
pedicels of upper flowers 4—6 mm long, others 8-18 mm long; flowers
large, 10—12 mm in diameter, with rounded-oval petals 4—5 mm long and
broad; follicles 4—4.5mm long. Fl. July, fr.from August.

Undergrowth of broadleaf mountain forests.— Centr. Asia: T.Sh.:
Fergana Range, Andizhan and Namangan mountains. Endemic. Described
from the Aflatun River in W. Tien Shan. Type in Leningrad.

Series 7. Hypericifoliae A. Pojark.— Flowers insessile umbels; fruiting

sepals erect; style arising from dorsal side of follicle very near the apex.
Leaves on sterile shoots differ from those on flowering shoots in the

233

304

presence of teeth at the apex, sometimes also in Shape. Buds ovate,

with free scales. — Apart fromthe 2 species occurring inthe Soviet Union,
the W. European S.obovata W.et K.and S.hupehensis Rehd. from
Central China also belong to this series.

21. S.hypericifolia L., Sp. pl. (1753) 489; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, ZS INS TB}! TEE

taur.-cauc. I (1808) 392; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 315; Poyarkova in Fl. Yugo-Vost.

V (1931) 487; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VII (1933) 1451.— S.ambigua Pall.,

Fl. Ross. I (1784) 36.— S.crenata (non L.) Pall., Verz. Pflanz. Taur. (1796)
108; C.A.M., Enum. pl. cauc.-casp. (1831) 166.— S.acutifolia Willd.,
Enum. pl. hort. Berol. I (1809) 540. — oS hyperierfolials plukenet tana
ety acuta Sér.in DC., Prodr. II (1825) 543.— S.hypericifolia y
brevifolia Ldb., Fl. Alt. II (1830) 215.—S.hypericifoliaa@ genuina
et B microphylla Ldb., Fl. Ross. II (1844) 12.— S hy per veiroliavar.
acutifolia Dipp., Handb. d. Laubh. III (1893) 464. — Sw yp er ne aro tae
typica Maxim. in A.H.P. VI (1879) 178 (excl. syn.).— S.hypericifolia
var.heterophylla Somm.et Lev.in A.H. P. XVI (1900) 143. —
S.hypericifolia var.turkestanica Ldb.ex Beissn., Schelle et Zab.,
Handb. d. Laubholzb. (1903) 149.— S.hypericifolia var.obovata et
morpha subalpina Zinserl. in Acta fl. ross. 1 (1915) 19.— S.obovata
Grossh., Fl. cauc. IV (1934) 283 (non W. et K.).— Ic.: Ldb., Ic. Fl. Ross. V
(1834) tab.430; Vol'f and Pal., Opr.der.i kust. (1904), figure on p.373.—
IBS|, 9 IRURIE INO, SA, Saez

Shrub 50—150cm high; branches light brown, often long, virgate, with
numerous, crowded sessile umbels; young shoots glabrous or tomentose-
pubescent; leaves 10—25 mm long, 1.5—8 mm broad, glabrous or puberulent
when young, oboval, oblong-elliptic or lanceolate, obtuse or acute, entire,
those on sterile shoots sometimes with 2—5 teeth at the apex, cuneately
tapering to short, 1.5—5 mm petiole; inflorescences 4—10 -flowered;
pedicels glabrous or slightly pubescent, 5—15 mm long, to 18 mm long in
fruit; flowers 5—8(9)mm in diameter, with oboval or ovate petals and
triangular sepals '/,— 1/, as long as follicles, the latter glabrous or pubescent.
Fl. May — June, fr.from July.

Steppe and forest-steppe zone where, together with other steppe shrubs,
it forms thickets; also gully slopes and open, often also stony slopes;
in mountain regions of Central Asia in the shrub zone, on open slopes, in
juniper woods, and on mountain riverbanks; in the Caucasus inshrubthickets
on mountain slopes, penetrating to alpine meadows where it grows as a
small, low, much branched shrub, often with broader leaves (morpha
subalpina Zinserl.).— European part: V.-Kama, V.-Don, Transv., Bl.,
Crim. Le Don, lLovV.s \Caucasusi” Cise! Dany We, Hipand! Ss. iranses;

W. Siberia: U. Tob., Irt., Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang. -Say. — only the westernmost
part; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb., Mtn. Turkm., T.Sh.,
Pam.-Al. Gen.distr.: Arm.-Kurd.— Turkish Armenia, Dzu.-Kash. —
Kuldja, and Mong. — NW Mong. Described after a cultivated specimen.
Type in London.

Note 1. Grossheim cites S.obovata W.et K.for the Caucasus. This
species, distinguished from S.hypericifolia by larger flowers, longer
pedicels, and absence of stomas on upper surface of leaves, grows wild only
in France and Spain; inthe Caucasus itisreplacedby S.hypericifolia L.,
which varies more in the Caucasus and the mountain regions of Central

234

i805

306

Asia than it does in the European part, and which often produces larger
flowered specimens than the typical plants, which were apparently taken
for S.obovata W.et K.

S.hypericifolia X S.crenata. — Hybrids between these
species occur rather frequently in the Caucasus (Dag., E. and
S. Transc.) and rarely (ii: Don, V. -Don) im the “European part.’ In
their morphological characters they approach one or other of these
species. They can easily be recognized by the structure of their
inflorescences, which are often sessile umbels on one branch in the upper
part, lower down corymbs on a more or less developed leafy shoot, as in
S.crenata but with longer pedicels; leaves on sterile shoots resemble
those of S.hypericifolia but with lateral veins approximate at
base and more or less parallel to the midrib as in S.crenata, with
dentation also similar to that of S.crenata.

22. S.aquilegifolia Pall., Reise III (1776) Anh. 734.—S.thalictroides
Pall., Fl. Ross. I (1784) 34; Turcz., Fl. baic.-dah. I, 360.— S. hig pies Vemtollt a
var.thalictroides Ldb., Fl. Ross. Il,1 (1844) 13.—S.hypericifolja
(non L.) Turez.,1.¢.,359.—Ic.: Pall., Reise, Ill, tab. P.,f.3; Ej., Fl. Ross. I,
tab. 18.

Rather low shrub with slender, erect, light brown or grayish-brown
branches; leaves glabrous or minutely velutinous-pubescent, more densely
so below, at base of inflorescence 2—10 mm long, 1.5—4.5 mm broad,
oboval, with rounded apex and cuneate base, entire or with 3 teeth at the apex,
to 17mm long and broad on sterile shoots, only the lowest oboval, the others
broadly cuneate, with few, mostly 3—5 large lobelike teeth at the apex;
inflorescences 2—5 (7)-flowered; pedicels glabrous, 2—5 (6) mm long;
flowers 6—8 mm indiameter; follicles glabrous or slightly pubescent,covered in
lower '/,—1/ by erect sepals. Fl. June, fr. July. (Plate XVIII, Figure 3).

Open dry steppe slopes.— E.Siberia: Dau. (except E. part).
Gen. distr.: Mong. — mountain districts, NE and Centr. Mong. and N. China
(Muni-ula and Alashan ranges). Described from Dauria. Type in London.

S.aquilegifolia X S.alpina.— The hybrid of these species from
the vicinity of Verkhneudinsk [Ulan- Ude] does not differ from S.alpina
in the flower structure; the inflorescences are as in S.alpina except
that the uppermost are subsessile; leaves glaucous below (owing to
papilliform epidermal excrescences as in S.alpina), oboval; leaves on
sterile shoots with large teeth. Another hybrid from Dauria closely
resembles the first.in its leaves, but the inflorescences are more similar
to those of S.aquilegifolia.

S.aquilegifolia X S.media.— The hybrids approach one or other
of the species; inflorescences corymbiform on very short shoots, sometimes
partly sessile as in S.aquilegifolia but withlong pedicels; flowers
mostly large,as in S.media; leaves intermediate in size and shape, but
in type of dentation resembling S.media. Rarely in Dauria.

Genus 719. SIBIRAEA * MAXIM.
Maxim. in A.H.P.VI (1879) 213.

Dioecious shrubs with simple, entire exstipulate leaves; inflorescence
paniculate. Staminate flowers with 20—25 stamens and very small, little

* From the word Siberia.

235

307

PLATE XVIII,
3

1-Spiraea lasiocarpa Kar,

~S-aquilegifolia Pall., a) sterile shoot, b) fruit;
°— Aruncus Vulgaris Raf., a) Staminate flower,
a) staminate flower (erroneously labeled 5a),

et Kir., a) fruit; 2— S.crenata L., leaf on sterile shoot;
2> Silbiraoa altaiensis (Laxm.) C.K. Schn.;
b) pistillate flower; 6 —

A.kamtschaticus Rydb.,
b) pistillate flower.

5773 236

309

developed pistils arranged at base of hypanthium; pistillate flowers with
5 (4—7) pistils connate at base along ventral suture, with short stamens,
the anthers not containing pollen; ovules 4—6, anatropous; fruit an
aggregate follicle; follicles glabrous, erect, mostly with 2 large seeds.

Apart from the USSR species, there are S.croatica Degen in Croatia
and Herzegovina and S8.tomentosa Diels.in central China.

1. Inflorescence axis and hypanthium glabrous; follicles 5—5.5mm
long, 2—2.5 mm broad; leaves large, to 11 cm long, 2.2 cm broad,
SbiIScy treat abd. erat ia aiahibs aed 1. S.altaiensis (Laxm.) C.K. Schn.
+ Inflorescence axis and hypanthium hairy; follicles 3.5—4 mm long,
1—1.5 (2)mm broad; leaves small, to 6 cm longue mam, Froad sy a acne ts
a eb icine Merrots olors ce cm ae bathe 2. S.tianshanica (Krassn.) A. Pojark.

-1. S.altaiensis (Laxm.) C.K. Schn., Ill. Handb. Laubholz. I (1906) 486. —
Spiraea altaiensis Laxm. in Nov.Comm. XV (1771, juni) 554. —
Spiraea laevigata L., Mant. II (1771, octob.) 224; Ldb., Fl. Alt. II (1930)
PWorees ROGSeIL, 1:45) eSipieare a: cad tasiealgPall.~Reise, WL (GG) App. 739)
Fl. Ross.1 (1784) 37.— Sibiraea laevigata Maxim. in A.H. P. VI (1879)
man keeyleeul heZapisibaViL 4.58. = le. s,Jkaxm. aca tabeZ9,f\25) Pali. c.,
(1784) tab. 23.

Erect, smooth shrub 60—150cm high; branches thick, covered with dark
brown bark; leaves entire, thickish, gray-green, lanceolate, 30—40 mm
long, 7-20 mm broad, rounded at the apex, finely mucronulate, cuneately
tapering downward, glabrous or ciliate-margined when young; inflorescences
paniculate, developing at ends of long lateral shoots of the current year and
composed of 5—10 simple racemes 3—10cm long arising from leaf axils,
diminishing upward; flowers white; inflorescence axis and pedicels glabrous;
staminate flowers 6—7mmin diameter, the pistillate slightly smaller,
with pedicels 2—6 mm long, with linear or lanceolate bracts at base; the
hypanthium broadly campanulate, smooth outside; follicles glabrous,
5—5.5 mm long, 2—2.5 mm broad, greatly exceeding the erect sepals.
Fl. June, fr. from July. (Plate XVIII, Figure 4).

Open mountain valleys, mountain slopes; sometimes forming large
thickets. W.Siberia: Alt. Endemic. Described from the Altai. Type
in London.

Economic importance. Cultivated as an ornamental plant. The leaves
are used by local populations as a substitute for tea.

2. S.tianschanica (Krassn.) A. Pojark. sp.n.in Addenda VIII, p. 237.—
Spiraea laevigata var.tianschanica Krassn., Sp. rast. vost. Tyan'-
Shanya (1887)49.- S.altaiensis var.lancifolia M. Pop. in sched.

Low shrub to 0.5m high, with thick branches; leaves narrowly lanceolate,
sessile, acute, with a short cartilaginous cusp, gradually tapering downward,
20—60 mm long, 4—7 mm broad, glabrous, sometimes slightly ciliate -margined;
panicle of 4—6 spiciform racemes, 2.5—7cm long; flowers tightly crowded
on thick axis, the lower with pedicels 0.5—3 mm long, the others sessile,
the staminate 5mm in diameter; pistillate flowers unknown; inflorescence
axes, pedicels, and hypanthium rather densely pubescent; follicles glabrous,
3-9-4 mm,long,1—1 .5(2)mm broad. FI. June, fr. August.

237],

310

Meadows in the subalpine zone. — Centr. Asia: T.Sh. Described from
the Kokzhar River. Endemic. Type in Leningrad.

Genus 720. ARUNCUS* ADANS.
Adans. Fam. pl. II (1763) 295.

Dioecious perennials with thick, lignifying rhizomes and compound bi-
or tripinnate exstipulate leaves; flowers small, in spiciform racemes
arranged in panicles; sepals 5, adnate at base to the flat hypanthium;
petals 5; stamens 15—30, with filaments several times as long as petals;
stamens of pistillate flowers with short filaments and imperfectly developed
anthers; pistils 3—5, alternating with sepals, as small rudiments in staminate
flowers; follicles cartilaginous, dehiscing by ventral suture; seeds
bacilliform, with endosperm.

tt Flowers inspiciform racemes upto 3cm long, these in turn arranged
the shape of a loose, simple raceme; leaves ca.10cm long,

biternate yas (4 «Oey. 2 Ree! 2. eae Eh. 4. A.parvulus Kom.
+ Inflorescence paniculate, composed of numerous longer racemes;
leaves. bipinnate, with 3—9 leaflets %:% .) tious 02 eee eee eee A.

2. Staminate flowers 4—5 mm in diameter,twice as large as the pistillate;
petals oblong (2.5—3 times as long as broad); inflorescences mostly
crowded few branched Rian ie ann 2) ree 3. A. kamtschaticus Rydb.

sr Staminate flowers 3—4 mm in diameter, slightly larger than the
pistillate; petals oboval (twice as long as broad); inflorescences

usually luxuriant, profusely tbranchin@ i) 25). 2) ac). heke = ee 3.
a. Racemes of pistilate flowers dense Spicitornn i). 2): y eee

ab NSRP AAD Rd CARMI, SERA re Bel eet SOE Monet etd ee cai A 2. A.asiaticus A. Pojark.
1 “Racemies* onpistillatemlowers sparSeiu ike sma Men lame 1. A.vulgaris Raf.

1. A.vulgaris Raf., Sylva Tell. (1838) 152.— Spiraea aruncus L., Sp.
pl. (1753) 490; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 1,16 (ex parte). — Ulmaria aruncus
Hill., Hort. Kew. (1769) 214.— Aruncus sylvester Kostel. in Ind. hort.
Prag. (1844) 5 (nom. nud.); Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 316; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. IV (1934)
283.— Astilbe aruncus Trev., Bot. Zeit. XIII (1855) 814.— A.silvester
a vulgaris (ex parte) Maxim. in A. H. P. VI (1879) 170.— Spiraea
paniculata St.-Lag., Ann. Sc. bot. Lyon, VII (1880) 135.— A.aruncus
Karst., Deutsch. Fl. (1882) 779; Rehb., Ic. Fl. Germ. XXIV (1909) 146. —

Ie.: Hegi, Miva Mitteleur eiVi2 ttabyl4o Wels eirenOose

Perennial, 1—2 m high, with thick, woody rhizome developing numerous
shoots; leaves long-petioled, to 1mm long, bipinnate, usually with 9 leaflets,
the upper leaflets entire, short-petioled, the lower with conspicuous petioles
to 5cm long, pinnatipartite into 3—7 lobes, the lower lobes usually tripinnate;
lobes oblong or lanceolate-oval,the terminal broader,tapering to a long sharp
point, cuneate or truncate, rarely cordate, mostly oblique at base, glabrous
or sparsely hairy along the veins, biserrate; panicles compound, very
large, Spreading, to 50 cm long, individual racemes to 15cm long; racemes of
staminate flowers dense, spiciform, those of pistillate flowers sparse;

* Latin name of this European species, which was called Barba caprea (goatsbeard) by pre-Linnaean
authors.

238

Bll

staminate flowers 3—3.5mmin diameter, with oval or slightly spatulate
petals, 1—1.5mm long, 1mm broad; pistillate flowers 2.5—3 mm in diameter;
follicles 2.5 —3 mm long, 1 mm broad, glabrous. Fl.from mid-June to
beginning of August, fr. from mid-August. (Plate XVIII, Figure 5).

Forests up to the subalpine zone. — Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W., E., and 8.
Transc. Gen.distr.: Centr. Eur.,as far east as Volhynia and Lithuania.
Described from Austria. Type in London.

Economic importance. Ornamental plant cultivated in Europe since the
17th century. Leaves and flowers were formerly used in medicine as an
antipyretic. Cyanogenetic glycosides are also found in leaves and flowers.

2. A.asiaticus A. Pojark. sp.n.in Addenda VIII, p.377.— Spiraea
aruncus Ldb., Fl. Ross. 1, 1,16 (ex parte); TWUMNeO za. LL, Wes Claas ly Bilas
A.silvester a vulgaris Maxim. in A.H. P. VI (1879) 170 (ex parte). —
A.silvester Kom., Fl. Mansh. II (1904) 461; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast.
Dal'nevost. kraya II (1932) 628.— Ic.: Kom. and Alis., l.c., p.188, Fig. 1.—
Exs.: Karo, Pl. Amur. et Zeaen., No. 335.

Perennial, 1—2 mm high, with glabrous or slightly hairy shoots; leaves
bipinnate, resembling the preceding species in size and type of dissection;
leaflet lobes broadly ovate to lanceolate-oval, glabrous or with scattered
hairs mainly along the veins below, truncate, broadly cuneate, less often
cordate at base, usually abruptly narrowed to a sharp point, biserrate;
panicles to 35cm long; racemes of staminate and pistillate flowers dense,
spiciform, to 10cm long; staminate flowers 3—4 mm in diameter, the
pistillate slightly smaller, 2.5—3mm:; petals oboval, ca.1.5mm long, 1 mm
broad; follicles 2.5—3 mm long,1.5mm broad, glabrous. Fl. June—July,
fr.from August.

Deciduous and sparse mixed forests and forest edges. — E. Siberia:
Lena-Kol., SE part and Dau.; Far East: Okh. (Ss: part), Ze.-Bu., Uda, USs.,
Sakh. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Manchuria, N. Korea). Described from Ol'ga
outpost, on the coast of the Sea of Japan. Type in Leningrad.

Economic importance. Ornamental plants.

3. A. kamtschaticus Rydb. in N. Amer. Fl. XXII, 3 (1908) 256. —
Spiraea aruncus Ldb., Fl. Ross. Il,1,16 (ex parte).— Aruncus
silvester akamtschatica Maxim. in A.H. P. VI (1879) 170. —
Aruncus silvester (non Kostel.) Kom., Fl. Kamtsch. II (1929) 234;
Hulten, Fl. kamtch. III (1929) 43.

Perennial, 30—150 cm high, with glabrous or slightly hairy shoots;
leaves bipinnate, with 5—7 leaflets, the upper leaflets entire, the lower
pinnate; 3- or 5-lobed, the lower lobes sometimes tripinnate; lobes
broadly lanceolate to lanceolate-oval, glabrous, cuneate or truncate, usually
oblique at base, tapering to a more or less long tip, biserrate or doubly
incised, serrate; panicles 6—15 cm long, mostly compact, slightly branching,
composed of tightly crowded racemes 2—8cm long, rarely more luxuriant
(to 25cm long); in the low-growing alpine variety (f.alpinus Kom.);
inflorescences much impoverished, sometimes reduced to a simple
Spiciform raceme; staminate flowers 4—5 mm indiameter, with oblong-
oboval petals 1.5—2 mm long,0.5—0.75 mm broad; pistillate flowers ca.2.5mm
in diameter; follicles 2—3 mm long,1—1.5mm broad. Fl.from July to
mid-August, fr. September. (Plate XVIII, Figure 6).

239

312

313

In Betula ermani forests, alder groves, dry meadows, and grassy
slopes. — AECIIE] Arc. Sib: (known only at the Lena River mouth), An.;
Far East: Kamch., Okh.(N. part). Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch. — Kurile Islands;
Ber. — Aleutian Islands.Alaska. Described from Kamchatka (from the
vicinity of Petropavlovsk). Type in New York.

4, A.parvulus Kom. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, XXX (1932) 203;
Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya (1932) 628.

Perennial; rhizome woody, simple; stems 5—20, short, erect, simple,
15—30 cm high, with 2—5 basal leaves, 5—8cm long, the petioles as long
as or somewhat longer than the blade, mostly bi- or tripinnate or else
bipinnate with lower leaflets tripinnate and the upper leaflets 5-lobed;
lobes oval-rounded, 1—4 cm long and broad, glabrous or slightly hairy,
with very prominent veins below; inflorescence sometimes composed
of a single dense, spiciform raceme, but usually of several short racemes
to 3cm long collected into a Sparse, Simple raceme; staminate flowers
ca. 3mm in diameter, with lanceolate bracts; pistillate flowers unknown;
follicles 2—3 mm long, ca. mm broad. “Pl. fromend of May, irs Ausust.

Limestones, rock crevices.— Far East: Uss., along the Suchan River.
Endemic. Described from Mt. Zolotoi in the Suchan River valley. Type
in Leningrad.

Genus 721. SORBARIA* A. BR.
A.Br.in Aschers., Fl. v. Brandenb.(1864) 177.

Flowers in terminal, mostly large panicles, bisexual, with 40—50 stamens
and 5 (4—8) pistils opposite to sepals; ovary connate along the ventral
sutures to the middle or slightly beyond, with several ovules; seeds few.
Shrubs with pinnate leaves and persistent stipules.

Approximately 10 species distributed throughout Asia.

ie IP reunine Cheolojonino? Wolilicles A—siiadellomiens G4 595 Ss 5 ais 1. S.olgae Zinserl.
1 J Mciuiteecects TOMICIeS at Least, diay OMe ie. cae mie (nent ae Ze
2. Flowers 7—11 mm in diameter, in pyramidal panicles; stamens twice
ac loneraAs metals gta. es ee en emets 2. S. sorbifolia (L.) A. Br.
aP Flowers 12—16 mm in diameter in obovoid panicles; stamens as long
asvor iciivh bly, lomeer than Petals. ic cale soe © aire cies eine teeta 3.

3. Ferruginous bristly-glandular pubescence characteristic; leaflets to
fem longs, 4:cm broad, in-closely approximate! pals. = 2) sesame
flctih aisle de eis USL cadet t erare ola orig tal fer ae onic neces See on eM eae aerate 3. S.rhoifolia Kom.

+ Glandular pubescence absent; leaflets to 4.cm long, 2 (2.5)cm broad,
PMs aiiecs heey aicGaAmOCGy ca.) cle cme eet sme meee 4, S. pallasii G. Don.

Series 1. Lindleyanae A. Pojark.— Fruits nodding; follicles small,
2—3mm long; panicles pyramidal, large, with pubescence of only simple
hairs.

Middle Asian species: S.lindleyana Maxim. (Himalayas), S.gilgi-
tensis Zinserl. (Kashmir),S.arborea C.K.Schn. (Central China) and
S.angustifolia Zbl. (Afghanistan).

* Referring to the resemblance to the leaves of Sorbus aucuparia L,

240

314

1. S.olgae Zinserl. in Not. Syst. Herb. Hort. Petr. VI, 2 (1926) 33.—
S.sorbifolia var.glabra Maxim. in A.H.P. VI (1879) 223 (ex parte). —
Basilima sorbifolia Fedtsch., Consp. fl. turk. III (1909) 8 (non Rafin.).

Shrub with glabrous light shoots; leaves 10—20cm long, with linear,
acute stipules; leaflets 7—9 pairs, oval-lanceolate, abruptly narrowing to
a sharp point, 2.3—5 cm long, 0.8—2.3 cm broad, glabrous above, with single
hairs along the veins below, biserrate; panicle 15—25cm long, many-
flowered, dense, with glabrous axis and pedicels; flowers unknown; follicles
2—3 mm long.

Gorges.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al., on N. slope of the Alai Range near
Shakhimardan. Described from there. Endemic. Type in Leningrad.

Series 2. Sorbifoliae A. Pojark.— Fruits erect; follicles 5mm long;
flowers in pyramidal panicles; stamens twice as long as petals; pubescence
of simple branching and short glandular hairs. Apart from the USSR
species there belong here closely related but distinguishable forms from
central China.

2. S. sorbifolia (L.) A. Br. in Aschers., Fl. v. Brandenb. (1864) 177;
Maxim. in A.H. P. VI (1879) 22 (f.glabra (ex parte) et stellipila);
Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VII, 1459 (f.glabra et stellipi ha)e (Cu Sehmng
Handb. Laubh. I (1906) 488 (a.typica).— Spiraea sorbifolia L.,
Sp. pl. (1753) 490; Sér. in DC., Prodr. Il (1825) 545; Turcz., Fl. baic.-dah. I,
36; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II,1,15; S.pinnata Moench, Meth. (1794) 663. —
Basilima sorbifolia Raf., New. Fl. Amer. III (1836) 75.—Schizonotus
sorbifolius Lindl. in Steud., Nomencl. II, 2 (1841) 531.— Sorbaria
stellipila C.K.Schn., Handb. Laubh. I (1906) 489 (var.typica et
inserta); Kom., Fl. Kamch. II (1929) 233; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast.
Dal'nevost. kraya II (1932) 629.— Sorbaria assurgens hort. ex
Gabe och e., 490.— lee eall.,, Pl, Ross, I tab. 24.

Tall shrub, 1—3 m high, with abundant coppice roots and puberulous,
rarely glabrous shoots; leaves long-elliptic, 12—25cm long, 6—13cm
broad, with petioles 2—5 cm long, the 9—21, mostly 17 lanceolate acuminate
leaflets 2.5—8cm long, 0.8—2.5 cm broad, glabrous, less often with simple
or branching yellow hairs along the veins below, biserrate; stipules
broadly cordate to linear, dentate or entire; panicles 12—30cm long,
5—12 cm in diameter; inflorescence axis, pedicels, and often lower part
of hypanthium usually outwardly puberulous with admixture of short glandular
pubescence or else more or less densely covered with bushy rufous hairs
and then the leaves usually similarly pubescent along the veins below;
flowers 7—11 mm in diameter, with suborbicular petals; stamens twice as
long as petals; petals densely hairy; follicles pubescent, 5mm long.
Fl. from mid-June to beginning of September, fr. from August.

Banks of mountain and forest streams and small rivers; localiy
forming large, very dense thickets; rather sparse coniferous, mixed, and
deciduous forests, forest edges, bog margins. — W. Siberia: Ob — E. part,
between 59 and 56.6°N., as far west as 82.5°E. E.Siberia: Lena-Kol. (S. half)
(S. half), Ang. -Say. (N. part), Dau; Far East: Kamceh., Okh., 2e.-Bu., Uda,

24)

315

Uss., Sakh. Gen.distr.: Mong.— N. Mongolia; Jap.-Ch. — Manchuria,
Korea, Japan. Apparently, the Chinese plants should be separated as a
species. Described from Siberia. Type in London.

Economic importance. Ornamental shrub, firmly established in
cultivation, one of the most widespread shrubs in the parks and gardens
of the Soviet Union, escaping in some places.

NoteruS ustelli pila: C.K) Sehniis recorded foriihe wvieinitviot
Vladivostok. Schneider indicates this species for Japan, as opposed
to the continental S.sorbifolia (L.) A. Br., having densely pubescent
ovaries, pedicels, and lower part of hypanthium. Schneider distinguishes
between S.stellipila var.typica — with leaves densely pubescent
below with bushy hairs — and var.inserta with glabrous leaves.
Examination of abundant herbarium material has failed to confirm the
presence of differences between the Japanese and the continental plants as
indicated by Schneider: both plants are characterized by the densely
pubescent ovaries, pubescent pedicels, and often also pubescent hypanthium;
specimens with only slightly pubescent ovaries occur very rarely.
Pubescence of bushy hairs can also not be considered as a specific
character, Since Specimens with such pubescence are distributed — though
irregularly — throughout the distribution area of S.sorbifolia: in the
western part of the area they are rare, whereas in the eastern part (in
S. Yakutia and the Far East) they are quite common. Therefore we do not
find sufficient grounds for recognizing S.stellipila C.K.Schn.asa
separate species, and we regard it as a variety of S.sorbifolia (L.)

NGA BIER

Series 3. Pallasianae A. Pojark. —Fruits erect; follicles 6—8mm long;
panicles ovoid; stamensaslongas or slightly longer than petals. Pubescence
of simple, bushy, and glandular-bristly hairs. Two species in the Soviet
Union.

3. S.pallasii (G. Don) A. Pojark.comb.n.— Spiraea sorbifolia var.
alpina Pall., Fl. Ross. 1 (1784) 305 Ldb.. HivRoss. 11, Gis pn eared
grandiflora Sweet, Hort. brit. (1827) 194 (nom. nud.).— Sp. pallasii
G. Don, Gard. Syst. II (1832) 520; Rgl. et Til., Flor. ajan. (1858) 80. —
Sorbus grandiflora Maxim. inA.H.P. V1(1879) 223; Kom., Fl. Mansh. II
(1904) 469.—Sorbus alpina Dipp. Laubh. III (1893) 503; Kom.and Alis.,
Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya II (1832) 528.— Basilima alpina Zbl.
Strauch. Spir. (1893) 115.— Ic.: Pall., Fl. Ross.,1l.c.,tab.25; Kom.and Alis.,
Les; tale ie Oe

Low shrub, to 40 cm high, the divaricate branches covered with peeling
reddish-gray bark, with smooth brownish shoots usually —like the petioles
and inflorescence axes — puberulous, rarely glabrous, or, ifdensely covered
with bushy yellow hairs, then inflorescence axes, pedicels, and mostly
underside of leaves with similar pubescence; leaves 4—15 cm long,
their 9-13 (15) leaflets linear -lanceolate to oval-lanceolate, 1—4 cm
long, 0.2—1.2 (2)cm broad, glabrous or sparsely hairy or with dense
pubescence of bushy hairs; inflorescence 2—8 cm long, 2—6 cm in
diameter; bracts 5—8mm long, the lower broadly oval, the upper narrowly
lanceolate; corolla 12—15 mm in diameter, the hypanthium pubescent

242

316

outwardly; stamens slightly exceeding petals; follicles 6—7 mm long,
hairy. Fl. July, fr.September. (Plate XIX, Figure 7).

Balds, cliffs, and stony taluses in the alpine zone. — E. Siberia:
Lena-Kol. (S. part); Far East: Okh. (S. part), Ze.-Bu. (N. part), Wicae
Uss. (N. part). Endemic. Described from the northern shore of Lake
Baikal.

4. S.rhoifolia Kom. in Bull. Jard. Bot. XVI (1916) 174; Kom. and Alis.,
Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya (1932) 628.— Ic.: Kom. and Alis., 1. c., tab.
WeOe

Small, densely leafy shrub; thick shoots covered — like petioles and
inflorescence axis — with a pubescence of two kinds — of short simple
hairs and of long, rufous, glandular-bristly hairs; leaves to 15cm long,
with 9-11 (13) closely arranged sessile leaflets 2.5—7 cm long, oval-
lanceolate, gradually acuminate, with oblique base, glabrous above, densely
whitish-pubescent with bushy hairs— mainly when young — below, biserrate;
panicles dense, rounded-ovoid, to 86cm long,6cm in diameter; flowers
large, to 15mm indiameter, pinkish white, with suborbicular petals, with
outwardly glandular hypanthium and sepals; follicles 8mm long, appressed-
heainy. Ee ledune, fr. August.

Dry stony slopes.— Far East: Uss. — on riverbanks (Botchi and
Svetlaya rivers). Endemic. Described from the Svetlaya River. Type
in Leningrad.

Genus 722. SPIRAEANTHUS * MAXIM.
Maxim. in A.H.P.VI (1879) 226.

Shrub with narrowly linear pinnate exstipulate leaves, the bisexual
flowers 5 (4)-merous; hypanthium broadly campanulate; petals firm,
late-deciduous; stamens 20—25; pistils 2—5, connate at base along ventral
suture, opposite to sepals; ovules 2, anatropous; seeds mostly 1. Only
1 species known.

1. S. schrenkianus (Fisch. et Mey.) Maxim. in A. H. P. VI (1879) 227;
Fedtsch., Consp. fl..turk. III (1909) 8.— Spiraea schrenkiana Fisch.
et Mey., Ind. sem. hort. Petrop. IX (1842) 96 (nomen nud.).

Low shrub with broad, dense crown; shoots puberulous, covered with
grayish-yellow bark splitting longitudinally and peeling; leaves 2—13cm
long, 0.2—0.5cm broad, narrowly linear, pinnate, with thickened petioles
and 20—35 pairs of thickish oval leaflets 1-2 mm long, covered like the
petiole with a fine pubescence; inflorescences in the shape of oblong sparse
panicles 9—20 cm long, developing at ends of new annotinous shoots and
composed of one simple and more axillary racemes, up to 1.5—10cm
long, diminishing upward; flowers pink, aromatic, with lanceolate bract
and bracteole, the pedicels1.5—2mm long; hypanthium broadly campanulate,
covered outwardly with sparse pubescence and yellowish scaly glands;
fruiting sepals erect, obtuse, / as long as follicles; follicles gray-hairy,
5mm long. Fl. June, fr. August. (Plate XIX, Figure 6).

* From the Greek spiraea,meadowsweet and anthos, flower.

243

Slopes of gorges (in the Kara-Tau Mountains) and on banks of takyrs*
in the Golodnaya Step), on gravelly soils; usually forming thickets. —
Centr. Asia: Balkh. (SE part), T. Sh. — only in the Kara-Tau Range,
Syr D.(N. part). Endemic. Described from the Chu River in the Golodnaya
Step. Type in Leningrad.

Economic importance. Ornamental shrub; the fine, dense, pinkish-brown
wood may be used for making small articles.

Genus 723. EXOCHORDA** LINDL.
Lindl. in Gard. Chron.(1858) 925.

Shrubs with leaves entire or dentate near the apex, exstipulate; flowers
in racemes, large, white, 5-merous, polygamo-dioecious or monoecious;
hypanthium obconical; sepals caducous in fruit; stamens 25 (in USSR
species) or 15; pistils 5 (much reduced in staminate flowers); ovary with 2
almost completely connate ovules; fruit capsulelike, consisting of 5 laterally
flattened woody follicles dehiscing by suture and each containing one winged seed.

LIMP! Sta cio GSI et Paral gael foyer say Sia neheal Hieeae AM aM Ok ail 1, EV albert? Rel:
+, y. Drutts S10" )taim lone = win. Le of anne 2. E.tianschanica Gontsch.

1. E.alberti Rgl.in A. H. P. VIII (1884) 696.— E.korolkovii Lav.,
Arb. Segrez. (1885) 39; Fedtsch., Consp. fl. turk. III (1909) 9.— Albertia
simplicifolia Rgl., Ind. Sem. hort. Petr. 1883 (nom. nud.).— E.grandi-
flonma Wwarc.alberty Aschercs-iet Graebne, ate mitteleur. Fl. VI (1900) 30. —
HGS Br Invelen le Coto no IUulg

Tall shrub to 4 m high, profusely branching, with glabrous, slender, red-
brown young shoots and grayish-brown branches; leaves light green,
glabrous, oblong-oboval or lanceolate, cuneately tapering toward base,
the lower sessile, the others petiolate, 2—10 mm long (leaves on sterile
shoots sometimes oblong-ovate), short-acuminate or obtuse, with short
cartilaginous mucro; racemes 3—10-flowered, 3—8 cm long, glabrous, the
flowers crowded along inflorescence axis; hypanthium with 10 prominent
ribbed nerves; sepals short, rounded-triangular; corolla 2.86—4.5cm in
diameter; stamens 25, approximate in 5's, opposite to sepals; styles free,
erect or reflexed; fruits 12—17 mm long, the pedicels 1—3 mm long, those
of lower fruits sometimes to 5—10cm; seeds flat, oval with winged margin.
Fl. April— June, fr. from August. (Plate XIX, Figure 5).

Undergrowth of sparse, broadleaf forests, slopes among shrubs. —
Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. — E. part. (Gissar, Bal'dzhuan, Karategin, Kulyab,
Darvaz; only exceptionally penetrating further west than Karatag).
Endemic. Described from the Yakhsu River. Type in Leningrad.

Economic importance. Ornamental shrubs.

2. E.tianschanica Gontsch. in Sched. herb. Fl. As. med., fasc. XXI—XXIII
(in Acta Univ. As. Med. ser. VIII, Botanica, fasc. 17) (1934) 91.— Exs.: Herb.
Fl. As. Med., No. 574.

* [Clay-soil sections in desert and semidesert areas. ]
** From the Greek exos, exterior and chorda, cord, referring to the fact that the receptacle forms a free
subulate excrescence protruding between the follicles.

244

318

Very closely related to the preding species, from which it is distinguished
by fruit, 8-10 mm in length and diameter, sometimes only to 12 mm; in
addition, flowers and fruit mostly more remote on axis, and the axis more
slender in fruit; flowers more numerous in racemes, up to 13. Fl. May and
beginning of June, fr. from August.

Undergrowth of sparse broadleaf forests, slopes among shrubs. —

Centr. Asia: T.Sh.: Chatkal and Fergana ranges. Endemic. Described
from the Yassy River in the Fergana Range. Type in Leningrad.

Economic importance. Ornamental shrubs.

Subfamily 2. POMOIDEAE Focke in Engl.u.Pr., Nat.Pfl. Ill, 3 (1888) 18.—
Pomaceae Lois.-Deslongch. Manuel d. Pl. Usuelcas, I (1819) 211.-
Hypanthium cyathiform, ascidiform or nearly tubular. Sepals and petals 5;
stamens mostly 20, less often 5 or 10, sometimes 25 or more. Carpels
2—5, united with inner wall of the hollow inflorescence axis and mostly
also connate; inflorescence axis becoming fleshy toward the apex, forming
a pseudocarp. — Trees and shrubs with simple, lobate or imparipinnate
leaves; stipules more or less conspicuous, mostly deciduous. Flowers
in umbellate, racemose or paniculate inflorescences.

ire seudocarp with nutlets;(endocarp Istomy)| i. = mpl anise: tae: Ze
+ Pseudocarp without nutlets (endocarp coriaceous) ..........-. 3.
Pepelowers. solitary, Cas 5:¢m ; in dlameteranss. Canuw! tue: me 732, Mespilus L.
+ Flowers in more or less many-flowered inflorescences, small.... 3
Sew e Seen lices, ranches narmed..u «skews | 724, Cotoneaster Medik.
+ Leaves dentate or lobate, at least at the apex; branches mostly with
STONES Moye OP ora OeMOS ee OEE Ce ood mt microm rr tae meee Tolerate cote) ome AN
Pemecavesusimall. erenate-Serrate i scot is dels 731. Pyracantha Roem.
emeccw aroer LOE... . ses les ln 8,0 of ROSS pomede Hs 733. Crataegus L.
Se ulowecgs sokitany,. ter minalsaleayes entire, Short=perloled ons thal. «
Pao oo ei ise CS ae are eval wcities Jal aia 725. Cydonia Mill.

+ Flowers in more or less many-flowered inflorescences; leaves dentate,
lobate or pinnatipartite, less often entire but then petioles more or

SIRS sim oi ac te tts ea it « Got ny lely. hinderey ey eons Winer cine wethcamey ie aber ieais be 0 fe OF
6. Leaves evergreen; inflorescences densely rufous-tomentose, in the

Sage Ou ascompact pyhatmidall panicle oo eels sie us *Eriobotrya Lindl.
+ Leaves deciduous; inflorescence not aS.aboOve wie s+is 4g wee te
7. Flowers in simple racemes; petals oblong, cuneately tapering

SOO Ose yer. fe Clothes sas ead tas sterbh c 731. Amelanchier Medik.
+ Flowers in umbellate or corymbiform inflorescences; petals rounded

OMmovaAlemnoreyor Less. Short-Clawied 3s. cc seus 5 cos eee ee ole es 8.

8. Leaves entire or slightly lobate, with 8—12 pairs of parallel, prominent
veins terminating in teeth; calyx caducous in fruit (fruits quite smooth
Sh EPS EE I SEAL RR MR eta ian henna 729. Micromeles Decne.

+ Leaves pinnately compound, if entire or lobate then with veins
disappearing in mesophyll near the margin; fruits usually with

PEUSISTENE Calypies fal -melcytoiras es Pek eee IRENE et Les ylateshinpeerars) sees yet ds » 9.
9. Leaves pinnate or lobate; flowers 1.2—2cm in diameter; shoots
HU MURA SAIS agent gi el dia.’ ak as! eden “ohare Seay MaMa Oh allan oes Pa rw ales Telltale 728. Sorbus L.

245

320

+ Leaves entire or, if deeply partite, then shoots very spiny; flowers

M

fa
th

(2 ):2h5r—4) Semin diameter... 2 UND. het A rey kek ee 10.|
10. Styles free at base; fruit pulp with grit cells
+ Styles connate at base; fruit pulp without grit cells ...727. Malus Mill.

edik., Gesch.d.Bot.(1793) 85.

Flowers small, in racemose or corymbiform inflorescences, rarely
scicles of 1-3; stamens 20; ovary composed of 2—4 (5) carpels adnate to
e hypanthium by the dorsal side. Pomes small, mealy, with 2—4 nutlets

sunken to 2/, —2/, in the pulp and more or less covered above by persistent
sepals. Unarmed shrubs, very rarely small trees with entire, alternate

le

aves.
Economic importance. Most species are ornamental shrubs valued for

their beautiful shape and the bright color of their fruit; they also have
the advantage of developing well on scarps and stony slopes, even on
open, Sunny slopes.

ae RP RAY ae A 726. Pyrus L.

1. Flowers open, with white spreading petals; styles (nutlets) 2; fruits }
erect. (Section Chaenopetalum) eC A ee ets Pench ite OsiSe0. I
+ Flowers not open, crown-shaped, with erect, more or less pinkish
petals; styles (nutlets) mostly 3, sometimes 2or 4. (Section Ortho -
petal tim) S289 LAT ONT CT eR Od i
2. Flowers 2—4 in leaf axils or in a short raceme; ovary, hypanthium, |
and sepals sparsely appressed-pubescent... 5. A.oligantha A. Pojark. |
+ Flowers usually in compound, rarely in Simple corymbs......... 3. |
3. Inflorescence and lower surface of leaves glabrous or rather sparsely |
pubescent (not tomentose!) s. 1. ba ou. kale tenes 6. C. multiflora Bge. |
+ Inflorescence with at least axes and pedicels tomentose; leaves
LOMMENLOSE DELOW. 2 ....f. 4s % fate bay's Cots Toate: te Yeuteate Se be ke SL te see Ay
4. Ovary, hypanthium, and sepals sparsely appressed-pubescent; leaves |
oblonstovalvorielllipticn: 2 ssh. lene me sane ue 9. C.taurica A. Pojark. |
+ Ovary, hypanthium, and sepals densely white-tomentose; leaves usually
Target Rea Ne Te att) S52 ENP ene ERASED 5 ste, node ee
Sie “MIPUTS DLaACK Soro ks fle Gose fo hats relat Qe REUEE ON OP UR ee nn
+) Eruits red; leaves, 0:5—Zicm long and broad, rarely larser tasers |
SUP el SAL dare by aw A tab baie 8. C.racemiflora (Desf.) C. Koch.
6. Fruits large, 7—9mm long; inflorescence 10—20-flowered, to 3.5cm
in diameter; leaves on short shoots 2—5 cm long, 1.5—4.8cm broad...
fife hel eta, Nelhsne Meio Mato. Fo TahoNe Me Muh Nae mee teamrebe. c MOmiNme leet 7. C. insignis A. Pojark.
+ Fruits smaller,6—8mm in diameter; inflorescence 6—12 -flowered;
leaves on Short ‘shoots 0f9—25em long ,0/4—178 cm’ broad ie. ee eee
Sa RE OE oc NOY Raia, Rel Me mre Halee Wark cits wane Ral aeimeyci Me 10. C. saxatilis A. Pojark.
7. Flowers in racemes or corymbiform panicles; fruits black...... 8.
+ Flowers! 1—3"invaxillary) fASCICIES <0 5)r). 4a iene) nme s ele: emcee mae 9.
8. Leaves tomentose below; fruits with glaucous bloom ............
ot NL CER EPR IT. REA 2 to he he RR) UT VG 1. C. melanocarpa Lodd.

ae

ie

From the Latin cotonea, cotoneum,on Malum cotoneum — the Roman name of quince
(Cydonia), apparently owing to the resemblance between the quince leaves and the cotoneaster leaves.
Treatment by A.I. Poyarkova.

246

21

+ Adult leaves glabrous below or sparsely appressed-pubescent; fruits

AG OUe DIO DOr MISC OMG! iat amis tal shaadi welts olhancattelns 2. C. lucida Schlecht.
9.. Leaves glabrous below or sparsely pubescent; flowers solitary,

ee lin masa MM). eh tls. a meieay ie Le or Nebo fe lh bys ... 4, C.uniflora Bge.
+ Leaves white-tomentose below; flowers in groups of 1-3(4) .......

Bre WACO Nye tht: HL. cacise eiesh att al mpiarl ape yhbes Lapterhrenenferel 055 3. Cintegerrima Medik.

Section 1. ORTHOPETALUM Koehne, Dendr. (1893) 224.— Petals erect
at anthesis, usually pink.

Series 1. Melanocarpae A. Pojark.— Fruits black, covered by waxy
bloom; leaves tomentose below.

1. C.melanocarpa Lodd., Bot. Cab. XVI (1829) sub tab. 1531; Voronov in
Fl. Yugo-Vost.; V (1931) 488.— Mespilus cotoneaster L.,Sp.pl.

(1753) 479 (ex parte); M.B., Fl. taur.-cauc. I, 388; Wahlenberg, Fl. Gothland
Syn. (1837) 17.— C.vulgaris (non Lindl.) Ldb., Fl. Ross. IL, 1, 92

(ex parte). — Mespilus cotoneaster var.nigra Ehrh., Beitr. IV (1789)
19; Wahlberg, Fl. Gothoburg. (1820)53.— C. integerrimavar.fructo
nigro Medik., Gesch. d. Bot. (1793) 85.—C.vulgaris 8 melanocarpa
Bge. in Ldb., Fl. Alt. II (1830) 219; Litw. in Sched. herb. Fl. Ross. V (1905)
98.— C.vulgaris var.haematocarpa Rupr., Fl. ingr. (1853) 350; Litw.,
Pew C2 ni or aybries; Sum. Vers. scand, 1 (1846) 175.— C.polonica
Jastrz, ex Rostaf., Fl. Polon. prodr. (1872) 121.—C. naljeraie oF, a AWE

II (1873) 315 (excl. var.); Zinserl.in Izv. Gl. Bot. Sada XXIII (1924) 13.—
C.integerrima var.melanocarpa Kryl.,Fl. Zap. Sib. VII (1933) 1461. —
Ic.: Pall. Fl. Ross. 1 (1784) tab. XIV (right-hand figure).— Exs.: HFR,

Nos. 1469 and 1470.

Shrub to 2m high; shoots more or less tomentose when young;
annotinous shoots glabrous, lustrous, red-brown; petioles 1—3 (5)mm long;
leaves ovate or elliptic, emarginate, rarely acute, dark green and slightly
hairy, rarely glabrous above, whitish-tomentose below; flowers in groups
of (3)5—15, rarely numerous in nodding axillary racemes or corymbiform
panicles, the axis hairy, sometimes tomentose, the pedicels less pubescent,
sometimes subglabrous; hypanthium glabrous or only slightly pubescent;
stamens 20, with linear filaments, abruptly narrowed at the apex; styles
mostly 3, less often 2; fruits obovoid-globose, 7-9 mm long, brownish red
when immature, at maturity black with glaucous bloom; nutlets 2 or 3, the
style arising in upper part. Fl. June, fr.September.

Mountain regions of the USSR; mainly on stony slopes, open or overgrown
with shrubs and forests, in the middle mountain zone, rising locally to the
subalpine zone; in the plains of the distribution area — in open forests and
groves, also mainly on stony soils. — European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech.,
Lad.-Ilm., U. V., V.-Kama, U. Dnp., M. Dnp., V.-Don., Transv.; Caucasus:
all districts except Talysh; W. Siberia: Ob (S. part), U. Tob., Irt., Alt.;

247

E. Siberia: Lena-Kol. (S. part), Ang.-Say., Dau.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp.

(N. part), Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb., TL. Sh: (only in the Talass Ala-Tau and the
Fergana Range), Pam.-Al. (only on N. slopes of the Alai Range). Gen. distr.:
Centr. Eur., Dzu.-Kash. (Kuldja), N.Mong., Jap.-Ch. (Manchuria, rarely).
Described from Dnepropetrovsk (formerly Ekaterinoslav). Type unknown.

Economic importance. Ornamental shrub widespread in gardens and
parks of the Soviet Union; various hybrids of C.melanocarpa with other
Cotoneaster species may also be of interest for cultivation.

Note. C.melanocarpa varies greatly in size, shape of leaves and
their pubescence (especially above), size and pubescence of axial parts,
size of fruits and density of their glaucous bloom. However, the examination
of abundant herbarium material did not permit determination of the
relationship between these characters and the distribution area.

This species is sometimes cited for the Soviet Union under the erroneous
name C.nigra Wahlenberg (or Wahlberg); these 2 combinations should,
however, be excluded even from the synonyms of C.melanocarpa, for
they were reported by the above-mentioned author due to a misunderstanding.

C.melanocarpa naturally hybridizes with a series of other
Cotoneaster species, and some of these hybrids are quite common.

C.melanocarpax C.multiflora Bge.— Hybrids often-ocerramne
in the Caucasus and very often in Central Asia (Dzungarian Ala-Tau, E.
and Centr. Tien Shan). These hybrids are very frequent and varied as to the
character of combinations of parent species, either occupying an intermediate
position between them or closer to one than the other. A number of them
are described under binomial specific names. The following belong here: —
C.ignava E. Wolf (Izv. Lesn. Inst. XV (1907) 240) (Central Asia), which
is fully intermediate between the parent species, having dichasially
branching inflorescences with pink corolla more open than in C.melano-
carpa, with brown-red, nearly black fruit, and the leaves pubescent
below.— C.pseudomultiflora M. Pop. (Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Est., nov.
ser. XLIV (1935) 127) from the vicinity of Alma-Ata, with densely pubescent
lower surface of leaves, many-flowered compound corymbiform
inflorescence, white open corolla, and globose dingy purple-red fruit. —

Crs bam tit vomstar Wi Pop: (1. c. 126) (vicinity of Alma-Ata) is more
closely related toC.multiflora than the preceding: leaves slightly
pubescent below, fruits globose and bright red. The following apparently
also belong to the group of hybrids of C.melanocarpa X multiflora: —
C.megalocarpa M. Pop. (1.c.128) (Alma-Ata), with large leaves

pubescent below, abundant fruiting, and large vinaceous-red fruits 10-11 cm
in diameter; — C.polyanthema E. Wolf (Mitteil. d. deutsch. dendr.
Gesellsch. 1924, p. 325), from the Alma-Ata vicinity, very closely related

to C.melanocarpa, from which it is distinguished by its many-
(11—25-flowered) inflorescence, its white, divaricate petals, smaller
leaves of flowering branches, very irregular ripening of fruits, which

are lustrous black with slight glaucous bloom, and a vegetative period one
month longer than that of C.melanocarpa. The indications of earlier
authors also pertain to these hybrids: C.laxiflora (non Jacq.) Bong. et
Meyer in Suppl. II, Fl. alt. (1841) 190, and also C. vulgaris 6 erythro-
carpa Ldb. Fl. Alt.11(1830) 219; Kryl., Fl. Alt. 426.—C. integerrima var.
erythrocarpa etvar.glabrata Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VII, 1461 et
C.multiflora B pubescens Rgl.in A. P.H. II (1873) 316.

248

323

C.talgarica M. Pop. (1. c.126)(W. Talgar River, near the Bogdanovich
Glacier) very closely related to C.melanocarpa, but distinguished from
it by narrower leaves oh as long and less tomentose below, by the
few-flowered, slightly pubescent inflorescence, and by its black fruits lacking
glaucous bloom; apparently a hybrid of C.melanocarpa Lodd. X C.uni-
flora Bge. (p. 251).
C.melanocarpa Lodd. X C.integerrima Medik. (p. 250).
C.melanocarpa Lodd.X C.racemiflora C. Koch, occurring in
the Caucasus (C.nigra. var. daghestanica Zinserl. in Izv. Gl. Bot.
Sada XXIII (1924) 15) as well as in Central Asia, usually with tomentose
inflorescences either resembling in structure those of C.melanocarpa
or else corymbiform as inC.racemiflora, erect or more or less nodding;
fruits with usually 2, less often 3 nutlets.

Series 2. Lucidae A. Pojark.— Fruits black without waxy bloom, with
1—4 (2) nutlets; leaves slightly hairy below.

2. C. lucida Schlecht. in Linnaea (1854) 541; C.K. Schneid., Ilustr.
Handb. d. Laubh. I (1906) 750.— C.acutifolia Lindl. in Ldb., Fl. Ross. I,
1 (1844) 92 (non Turez.).— C.nigra var.acutifolia Wenz.in Linnaea
(1884) 183.— Ic.: C.K.Schn., l.c., f.421 c,423c.— Exs.: HFR, No. 360.

Erect shrub to 2m high; shoots densely appressed-pubescent when
young; leaves 1.7—5 (6)cm long, 0.8—3.5 (4) cm broad, with hairy petioles
2—6 mm long, the blade dark green and lustrous, glabrous or with hairs
along the midrib above, yellowish-tomentose below only when young, later
light, yellowish, slightly appressed-pubescent; flowers 5—12 in loose
corymbiform racemes shorter than leaves; inflorescence axes and
pedicels with more or less dense yellowish appressed pubescence; ovary
and hypanthium glabrous or slightly hairy; sepals broadly triangular,
villous -tomentose on the margin, Va —?/, as long as the pink petals; stamens
20, the filaments gradually narrowing; styles 3 (4); fruits black, lustrous,
without bloom, ovoid-globose, 7-9 mm in diameter, with usually 3, rarely
2 nutlets, rather densely hairy at the apex and bearing style in upper part.
Fl. June, fr.September. (Plate XIX, Figure 2).

Rocky slopes, shrub thickets and sparse larch-and-mixed forests, river
pebbles. — E. Siberia: Ang.-Say.— only at southern end of Lake Baikal.
Endemic. Described after a cultivated specimen. Type in Berlin.

Economic importance. Very ornamental plants owing to lustrous
foliage and abundant fruiting. Tolerant of clipping, therefore used for
borders and hedgerows.

Series 3. Integerrimae A. Pojark.— Fruits red, with 3 or 4 nutlets;
petals as long as or scarcely longer than sepals.

3. C.integerrima Medik., Gesch. d. Bot. (1793) 85 (ex parte);
Kihlm. in Meddel. Soc. pro fauna et fl. fenn. XIV (1900) 114; Grossh.,
Fl. cauc. IV (1934) 284.— Mespilus cotoneaster L,, Sp, pl. (1753)
479 (ex parte); M.B., Fl. taur.-cauc. 1, 388.— C.vulgaris Lindl. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII (1821) 101; Ldb., Fl. Ross. Il, 1, 92 (ex parte);
Zinserl. in Bull. Jard. bot. d. Republ. Russe, XXIII (1924) 12.— Ic.: Pall.,
Fl. Ross. I, 1 (1784) tab. XIV (middle and left-hand figures).

249

324

Erect shrub with wide spreading crown, not more than 1.5 m high; shoots
densely appressed-pubescent when young; leaves on flowering shoots
0.9+4 cm long, 0.4—2.7 cm broad, broadly ovate, less often oblong-ovate,
short -acuminate, with cartilaginous cusp, light green at the apex, dull, less
often sparsely hairy above, whitish or grayish-tomentose below; flowers
mostly in pairs, less often solitary or 3(4) in nodding raceme, always
shorter than leaves, with slightly villous-tomentose axis and pedicels and
with glabrous hypanthium; stamens 20, styles 3 or 4; fruit purple-red
at maturity, from subglobose to ovoid or obovoid, 8-11 mm long, with
(2) 3 or 4nutlets, hairy at the apex; style arising above the middle,
less often from the middle. Fl. June, fr. from September.

Stony mountain slopes, taluses and rocks. — European part: Crim.;
Caucasus: Cisc.,W.,S. (and rarely E.) Transe. Gen.distr.: Eur. (to the
Baltic States, S. Scandinavia, and S. Finland). Described from Europe.

Economic importance. Not widely cultivated in the Soviet Union; most
indications (usually as C.vulgaris) should be referred to C.melano -
carpa.

Note. Occurs in the Soviet Union only in the Crimea and the Caucasus;
all reports concerning the European part, Siberia, and Central Asia are
erroneous and refer partly to C.uniflora Bge., partly to C.racemiflora
(Desf.) C. Koch, but mostly to C.melanocarpa Lodd. which, when its
fruits are immature, is often not differentiated from C.integerrima
or else is reported as one of its forms (C.vulgaris v.haematocarpa
Rupr.), whichis none other than C.melanocar pa Lodd. These two species,
however, may be clearly differentiated in the various phases of growth:
C.melanocarpa has a different inflorescence structure, with well
developed axis and long pedicels, more open flowers, larger and brighter
petals; the brown-red color which characterizes the immature fruits of
C.melanocarpa has not been observed inC.integerrima fruits
at any Stage of maturity, and the tomentose pubescence on the lower
surface of leaves is looser and consists of longer hairs.

C.integerrima Medik.X C.melanocarpa Lodd. — Hybrids
occasionally occur in the Caucasus (Cisc., Dag., Armenia). In shape
and leaf pubescence these hybrids approach either C.integerrima or
C.melanocarpa; inflorescences with well developed axis as in
C.melanocarpa, but few- (3—5)-flowered, with more or less developed
tomentose pubescence; fruits dark red or black, without glaucous bloom,
small, nodding, with usually 3, less often 2 or 4 nutlets; style arising
above the middle.

C.integerrima Medik.X C.racemiflora C.Koch.— Hybrids are
apparently rare (vicinity of Shemakha and Sardar-Bulak); leaves small,
close to one or the other species in shape and pubescence of leaves;
fruiting poor; fruits in twos or threes, axillary or in corymbs, with
tomentose pedicels, erect or nodding (even on the same branch), red,
with 2 nutlets, narrower than in C.racemiflora,the style arising in
upper part. i

4, C.uniflora Bge.in Ldb., Fl. Alt. II (1830) 220; Ldb., Fl. Ross. IL 1,

191; Kihlman in Meddel. Soc. pro fauna et flora fenn. XIV (1900) 114;
Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VII, 1462.— C.integerrima var.unifiora

250

325

(326

C.K. Schneid., Illustr. Handb. Laubh. I (1906) 747.— Ic.: Ldb., Ic. pl. Fl. Ross.
III (1831) tab. 269; Kihlman, l.c.,f.5,6,9.— Exs.: Pl. Finland, exs., No. 752.

Low shrub, 30—40 cm high, spreading, branching, sometimes quite
prostrate and appressed to the ground; young slender shoots covered with
yellowish appressed hairs; leaves with short, 2.5 mm petioles, the blade
oblong-ovate, broadly ovate, or elliptic, acute or subobtuse, sometimes
emarginate, often with a cartilaginous cusp, dark green and glabrous above,
yellowish, lighter, glabrous or rather sparsely hairy below, 1—3(4)cm
long, 0.6—2.5 cm broad; flowers in axils of leaves solitary, less often
in pairs, with nodding, glabrous pedicels shorter than or as long as
flowers; hypanthium glabrous; sepals broadly ligulate, obtuse, ciliate -
margined; petals greenish white or pinkish, scarcely longer than sepals;
stamens 20; styles 3 or 4; fruits ovoid-globose, 6—8(10) mm in diameter,
purple-red or orange-red, with (2) 3 or 4 nutlets; nutlets subglabrous at
the apex, the style arising mostly from below the middle, sometimes from
the middle. Fl. June, fr. August —September. (Plate XIX, Figure 1).

Stony slopes, rock streams, rocks, river pebbles, less often sedge-and-
lichen tundra and alpine meadows, mostly in the alpine, less often in the
forest zone. In the Altai it descends to open stony slopes. — Arctic:

Arc. Eur.; European part: Kar.-Lap. (apparently only Kola Peninsula),
Dyv.-Pech., V.-Kama (Northern and Central Urals); W. Siberia: Alt.;
Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh. — E.,Centr., and W. (Talass Ala-Tau),
and Pam.-Al. (single sites in Zeravshan, Karategin, Darvaz, Shugnan,
andon N. slopes of the Alai Range). Gen.distr.: Chinese Dzungaria,
Mong. — Tuva ASSR, NW Mongolia. Described from the Altai. Type in
Leningrad.

Note. It is difficult to ascertain on the sole basis of herbarium
material — specimens from a few districts being quite insufficient —
whether there is only one species or whether several very closely related
geographic races should be separated.

It should be noted that the monocarpous Cotoneaster from the
Kola Peninsula and the Urals has, on the average, broader and larger
leaves and larger fruit than the Altai specimens; it is unclear whether
there are differences in color of petals; as a rule these are purple-red
in Siberian plants, whereas orange-red petals predominate in northern
plants (only the latter are known in the Khibiny mountain region) and
yellow -fruited specimens (var.lutea Fries) occur. In the Pamir-Alai,
in addition to subglabrous specimens indistinguishable from those from
Altai, there are specimens with dense, almost tomentose pubescence
below, which has been observed neither in the Altai nor in the Kola
Peninsula.

Gsunritora Bee. X.C.melanocarpa Lodd.—= C.nigra Xpauci-
flora Rgl.in A.H. P. II (1873) 315.).— Hybrids of these species are
not infrequent in the Altai and the Sayans, where they vary considerably,
showing various combinations of the characters of the two species.

They usually differ from C.melanocarpa in more impoverished,
often 1—3-flowered raceme, but with more developed axis and pedicels
than in C.uniflora. The pubescence on the underside of the leaves
varies from slight to tomentose, and the leaf shape is closer to one or
other of the species. The Kola Peninsula and Ural hybrids have more

ZO

(327)

om

\

PALS SOD%e le Co

C.taurica A. Pojark
a) fruit:

toneaster unif]

+, a) nutlet; 4 — C.insignis A.Pojark., a) hutlet;
6 > S paraeanrnne Schren

Ora Bge.: a) nutlet; 9 _ C.lucida Schlecht, a) anuhaletin G) =

5— Exochorda albertj Rgl.,

kianus Maxim.; Pallasii (G,Don,) A. Pojark,

7— Sorbaria

252

constant characters: in habitus they closely resemble C.uniflora,

with raceme 1—2 (3)-flowered, but the axis and pedicels are longer;

leaves resemble those of C.uniflora but rather densely pubescent below;
fruits dark red, with slight glaucous bloom. In Kar.-Lap.the forms of
hybrid origin (apparently hereditary) penetrate much further south

than C.uniflora (to northern tip of Lake Onega). In the literature they
have been reported as C.nigra (Kihlman, l.c.) and C.int ee er nama
var.nigra (Fl. Finland. exs., No. 753).

Series 4. Oliganthae A. Pojark.—Fruits red with 2 (1) nutlets; petals
1.5—2 times as long as sepals.

_ 5. C.oligantha A. Pojark.in Notul. syst. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, VIII,
7—9 (1938).

Shrub with young, sometimes also annotinous shoots covered with
greenish-gray tomentum of rigid appressed hairs; bark of older shoots
dark brown; leaves bright green above, with sparse appressed hairs,
greenish-gray-tomentose below, mostly rounded at the apex, less often
acute, Sometimes emarginate, often mucronate, 8—-17mm long, 4-12 mm
broad, on sterile shoots to 27mm long, 19mm broad; petioles tomentose-
pubescent, 2—4mm long; flowers on very short lateral branchlets in leaf
axils, almost in fascicles of 2—4 or in short erect racemes half as long
as leaves; axis very short, 2—3 mm long, tomentose-pubescent; pedicels
2—5 mm long, also tomentose; ovary, hypanthium, and sepals scattered-
hairy to subglabrous; sepals broadly triangular, obtuse or subacute, with
tomentose-fimbriate, mostly purple margin; corolla 8mm in diameter
with somewhat divaricate petals; stamens 20; styles 2; fruits with erect
pedicels, red, subglobose, 8 mm in diameter, with 2 nutlets 4—5 mm long,
3—4mm broad, flat ventrally, convex dorsally, with short pelta and with style
arising almost at the apex. Fl. May—June,fr. August—September.

Stony mountain slopes. — Centr. Asia: Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb., T.Sh.: Centr.
(Kirghiz Ala-Tau) and W.(Talass Ala-Tau and Chimgan). Endemic.
Described from the Arkatskie Mountains in Kazakhstan. Type in Leningrad.

329

Section 2. CHAENOPETALUM Koehne, Dendr. (1893) 224. — Petals
Spreading at anthesis, white.

Series 1. Multiflorae A. Pojark.— Fruits red; inflorescence profusely
branching; all plant parts glabrous or slightly pubescent.

6. C. multiflora Bge. in Ldb., Fl. Alt. II (1830) 220; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 1,
93; M. Popov. in Tr. Prikl. Bot., Gen. i Sel. XXII, in 3 (1929) 446; Kryl., Fl.
Zap. Sib. VII, 1463; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. IV (1934) 284.— C.reflexa Carr.,
Revue hort. (1871) 520.— Ic.: Ldb., Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. III (1931) tab. 254.

Erect shrub 0.5—1.5m high; shoots with greenish yellow fine tomentose-
pubescence when young, later glabrous, lustrous, reddish brown; leaves with
rather long (5-10 mm) petioles, obovate or elliptic, mostly broad, usually

253

330

obtuse, emarginate, less often — especially on sterile shoots — short-
acuminate, rounded or broadly cuneate at base, dark green and glabrous
above, glabrous below from the very beginning or with initially rather
dense, fine appressed pubescence later becoming sparse, 1.5—4.5 (5)em
long, 1.2—3.5 (4)cm broad; flowers in rather loose, erect, 6—20-flowered,
compound, dichasially branching corymbs, glabrous or with slightly
pubescent axis, pedicels, and hypanthium; axes and pedicels slender;
sepals broadly triangular, ciliate at the margin and often reddish; corolla
ca. lem in diameter, with orbicular, spreading petals; styles 2;
inflorescence erect in fruit; fruits bright red, oblong-obovoid to subglobose,
6—10 mm long, 3—7 mm broad, with 2 (rarely 1) nutlets 3—5 mm long,
2.5—4 mm broad; style arising slightly below the apex. Fl. June, fr. from
August.

Rocks and stony mountain slopes, among shrubs. — Caucasus: Cisc., Dag.,
S.and W. Transc.; W. Siberia: Irt. (S.), W. Alt.; Centr. Asia: Dzu. =Haitaoe
T.Sh., Mtn. Turkm.=— Kopet-Dagh (rarely), Pam.-Al. (rarely — single sites
in Zeravshan, Shugnan, and N. slopes of the Alai Range). Gen.distr.:
central China: Kansu Province. Described from the Chingiz-Tau Mountains
in Kazakhstan. Type in Leningrad.

Economic importance. Rarely cultivated in the Soviet Union, but
deserving attention, being more ornamental than C.melanocarpa
which is cultivated in the Soviet Union; fruits more brightly colored,
inflorescences larger, with white, open flowers.

Note. C.multiflora forms hybrids with a number of other species
of this genus: C.multiflora Bge.X C.insignis A. Pojark. (p. 255);
C.multiflora Bge.x C.melanocarpa ’Lodd: (p. 247); C.multiflora
Bge.X C.racemiflora C.Koch. The latter have been found in the
Caucasus and occur quite frequently in Central Asia (Dzungarian Ala-Tau,
Centr. and E. Tien Shan, and Kopet Dagh). They show very varied
combinations of the parental species characters, being either intermediate
or else closer to one or the other. In hybrids closer to C.multiflora
the petioles are rather long; leaves rather sparsely appressed -pubescent
below, mostly obtuse, obovate; inflorescence loose, profusely branching,
many -flowered, the pedicels more or less slender and long, usually
pubescent, sometimes tomentose; fruits mostly glabrous even when young,
often oblong. In hybrids closer to C.racemiflora the leaves are mostly
ovate or elliptic, larger than those of C.racemiflora (3—3.5cm long,
1.5—1.8—2 cm broad), with either short or longer petioles, the blade
rather sparsely pubescent to tomentose below; inflorescences more
compact, with short thick axes and pedicels, more impoverished,
corymbiform, usually tomentose-pubescent; fruits hairy when yuung.
These hybrids have been described as C.nummularia B soongorica
Rgl. et Herd., Enum. pl. Semen. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIX, 2 (1866) 58
(C.fontanesiiy soongorica Rgl.in A.H. P. II (1873) 313; C.soon-
gorica M. Pop. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc., nouv. sér., XLIV (1935) 128).

Series 2. Insignes A. Pojark.— Fruits black. Inflorescences profusely
branching, large. Young leaves and inflorescences tomentose -pubescent.

331

7. C.insignis A. Pojark. (nom. nov.).— C.nummularia C. Koch,
Dendrol. (1869) 171 (non Fisch. et Mey., non Lindl.).— C.nummularia
var.lindleyi Wenz.in Linnaea XXXVIII (1884) 189.— C.arborescens
Zabel. in Mitteil. d. deutsch. dendr. Gesellsch. (1897) 25 (non Wenz.).—
C.lindleyi C.K. Schneid., Handb. Laubh. 1 (1906) 757 (non Steud.);
Fedtsch., Consp. fl. turk. II] (1909) 43; M. Popov in Tr. Prikl. Bot., Gen. i
Sel., XXII (1929) 447 (ex parte). — Ic.: C.K. Schn., l.c., f.425a—c.

Tall shrub or small tree; shoots white-tomentose when young, later
glabrous, red-brown or dark brown; leaves bright green and glabrous
or scattered-hairy only along the midrib above, initially yellowish-
tomentose below, later with fine, rather sparse pubescence, broadly obovate
to orbicular or broadly elliptic, mostly obtuse, often emarginate, less
often short-pointed and cuneate at base, 2—5 cm long, 1.5—4.8 cm broad,
on sterile shoots to 6cm long,5cm broad; petioles 4—7cm long; flowers
in-compound 10—20-flowered corymbs, more or less equal to leaves, to
2—3.5mm in diameter; inflorescence axes, pedicels, hypanthium, and
sepals yellowish-tomentose; sepals broadly triangular, erect in fruit, not
becoming fleshy; petals white; stamens 20; styles 2; fruits globose,
7—9mm in diameter, black with glaucous bloom, open at the apex; nutlets
har a7 large, 5—6 (7)mm long,4—5 mm broad; style arising from apex of
nutlet. Fl. June, fr. July. (Plate XIX, Figure 4).

Among shrubs on stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Fergana Range),
Pam. -Al. (Zeravshan, Gissar, and Darvaz ranges, N. slope of Alai Range).
Gen. distr.: Iran. — Afghanistan, Ind.-Him. — NW Himalayas. Described
after a cultivated specimen (from Kashmir ?). Type in Leningrad.

Economic importance. Deserves attention as an ornamental plant of
southern districts of the USSR.

lybrids of C. insignis eA. Pojark. Xx C.imultiflor a: Bge.are
apparently rather common; leaves are closer to C.multiflora in
size and shape, but have below the same pubescence as in C.arborescens;
pubescence of inflorescence varies from slight to dense, persisting until
fruiting; fruits red, darker than in C. multiflora, their apex not entirely
covered by sepals converging toward the center. Zeravshan and Gissar
regions.

Series 3. Racemiflorae A. Pojark. — Fruits red; inflorescences rather
small, composed of 1—3 (4) corymbs. Inflorescence axes and lower surface
of leaves white-tomentose.

8. C.racemiflora (Desf.) C. Koch, Dendrol. I (1869) 170; Fedtsch., Consp.
Fl. turkest. III (1909) 43.— Me spi lusieiacem nmiloinagDesi. Pl abort:
Paris, ed. 3 (1829) 409.— C.fontanesii Spach, Hist. vég. phaner. II (1834)
77; Tsinzerl.in Izv. Bot. Sada XXIII (1924) 15.— C.tomentosa (non
Lindl.) Hohen., Enum. pl. Talysch. (1836).— C.nummularia Fisch. et
Mey., Ind. Sem. Hort. Petr. II (1835) 31; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 1,93; Shmal'g.,
Fl. 349; M. Popov in Trud. Prikl. Bot., Gen. i Sel. XXII (1929) 446. —
C.fontanesiiadesfontaini et B nummularia Rgl.inA.H.P.I
(1873) 312, 313; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. IV (1834) 284.— C.racemiflora a.

255

332

333

typica (ex parte) et bnummularia C.K. Schneid., Dlustr. Handb. d.
Laubh. I (1906) 754.— Exs.: Sintenis, Iter transc.-pers. ann. 1900—1901,
No. 657 (sub C.nummularia Fisch. et Mey.).

Shrub rarely more than 1 m high, erect or often crooked, with curved
branches, sometimes only 30cm high, the young shoots densely tomentose,
one or two-year-old shoots glabrous, dark brown or cherry-red; leaves
bright green or glaucescent-green, subglabrous to more or less densely
appressed-hairy above, densely white or yellowish tomentose below, broad
(width-to-length ratio mostly 1:1, rarely 1 oF/ade orbicular, ovate, obovate,
or broadly elliptic, obtuse, often emarginate or short-acuminate, often
mucronulate, 0.5—4 cm long, 0.4—3cm broad; petioles short, 2—5 mm long,
tomentose; flowers in erect, 5—9 (12)-flowered, dense compound corymbs
(half as long as leaves) composed of 2- or 3 (4)-flowered corymbs or
umbels, issuing from short (ca. 3mm long), common inflorescence axis,
corymbs rarely simple, 3—4-flowered; sepals broadly triangular, acute,
all parts of inflorescence (axes, pedicels, hypanthium, ovary, sepals)
densely white-tomentose; corolla gaping, ca. 1 cm in diameter, the petals
spreading, orbicular or obovate; stamens 20; styles 2; fruits 8-10 mm
in diameter, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, glabrous (hairy when young),
bright red, with usually 2 (rarely 1) nutlets; nutlets 5mm long, 4.5mm
broad, flat ventrally and convex dorsally, with short hypostyle and with
style arising near the apex. Fl. May— June, fr. July —September.

Shrub thickets on stony slopes. — Caucasus: Dag., W., E.and S.Transc.,
Tal.; Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., Mtn Turkm. (Kopet Dagh, Balakhan Mountains
Pam.-Al., T.Sh. Gen.distr.: As. Min., Syria, N. Iran, Him., N. Afr.
Described after a cultivated specimen of unknown origin from the Paris
Botanical Garden. Type in Paris; cotype in Leningrad.

Note. Hybrids of this species are described above: C.racemiflora
C.KochX integerrima Med. (p.248); C.racemiflora C.KochX
melanocarpa Lodd. (p.322); C.racemiflora C.Koch.X multiflora
Bge. (p. 330).

9. C.taurica A. Pojark. in Notul. syst. VIII, 7-9 (1938).— C.nummulariéz
auct. taur. (non Fisch. et Mey.).— C.nummularia var.ovalifolia (non
Boiss. ?) Vasil'ev in Tr. Prikl. Bot., Gen.i Sel., ser. VIII, 1 (1932) 400.

Shrub; young shoots whitish-tomentose, annotinous shoots glabrous,
dark cherry-red, lustrous; leaves firm but rather thin, glabrous or with
isolated hairs above, grayish-tomentose below, mostly elliptic, less often
elongate-ovate (length-to-width ratio 2 :1), obtuse, sometimes slightly
emarginate or rather short-acuminate, usually with a cartilaginous cusp,
1—3cm long, 0.5—1.7cm broad, rarely to 4.5cm long and 2.5cm broad
on sterile shoots; pedicels tomentose, 3—8 mm long; flowers in erect,
short (half as long as leaves or less), very compact, usually compound
corymbs composed of 2 or 3 branchlets bearing (2)3—4-flowered corymbs
or umbels, less often the flowers in simple corymbs; main inflorescence
axis 3—5 mm long, tomentose-pubescent like the secondary axes and the
very short (l1—2mm) pedicels; hypanthium, ovary, and subobtuse broadly
triangular sepals covered with rather sparse pubescence of appressed
hairs (not tomentose as in C.racemiflora, and not masking the green
color); flowers ca.1cm in diameter, gaping; petals spreading, orbicular

256

334

or rounded-obovate; stamens 20; styles 2; fruits red, ovoid-globose,
7—8 mm long, with 2 oblong nutlets 5-6 mm long, 3—3.5 mm broad, flat
ventrally, convex dorsally, with shorthypostyle and with style arising near
the apex. Fl. May, fr. July—August. (Plate XIX, Figure 3).

Shrub thickets on stony mountain slopes. — European part: Crim.
Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Yalta. Type in Leningrad.

Note. The Crimean plant is distinguished from C.racemiflora
C.Koch — widespread in the Caucasus and Central Asia — by its oblong
leaves and slight pubescence of outer flower parts.

Economic importance. Ornamental plants, especially in fall during
fruiting.

Series 4. Saxatiles A. Pojark. — Fruits black; inflorescence small,
2—4 -flowered.

10. C. saxatilis A. Pojark.in Not. syst. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS, VIIL,
7—9 (1938).

Shrub 1.5—1.75 m high; young shoots whitish-tomentose, older shoots
glabrous, light brown; leaves bright green and glabrous or slightly
pubescent above, grayish-appressed-tomentose below, elliptic or oval-
elliptic, less often obovate, mostly rounded-cuneate or broadly cuneate at base,
obtuse, sometimes emarginate or subacute, mucronate, those on short
shoots 0.9—2.5 cm long, 0.4—1.8 cm broad, those on long shoots to 4 cm long,
2.3cm broad, often ovate, mostly acute; petioles 2.5—4 mm iong, tomentose;
inflorescence shorter than leaves, short-pediceled, in the shape of an
erect, compound corymb composed of 2—4-flowered corymbs; axes and
pedicels reddish, pubescent or tomentose; flowers unknown; fruits with
short (1—2 mm) pedicels, obovoid-globose, 6—8 mm long, 5—8 mm broad,
glabrous, dark purple when not fully mature, black with slight glaucous
bloom when mature; nutlets 2 (1), obovoid, 4.5—5.5 mm long, 3—4 mm ;
broad, flat ventrally, convex dorsally, the style arising slightly below the
apex. Fr.September.

Among shrubs on stony slopes. — Caucasus: S.and E. Transc. Endemic.
Described from the vicinity of the village of Chaikend near Kirovabad
(formerly Gandzha). Type in Leningrad.

Note. The taxonomic status of this species is not quite clear, since
its flowers are unknown; according to other characters it is closely
related to species of the section Chaenopetalum, to which it has been
provisionally referred.

Genus 725. CYDONIA * MILL.**
Mill. Gard. dict. ed. VIII (1768).

Flowers large, solitary; starnens 20; ovary formed by 5 connate carpels
(styles 5) wholly sunken in hypanthium, each carpel with numerous, biseriate

-evules; pome large, without nutlets (endocarp coriaceous), with 15—20 seeds

in each locule; testa mucilaginous. Leaves simple, entire. One species.
* This name,used by Hippocrates, may have its origin in the name of the city of Cydon [now Canea]

on the north coast of Crete or from the semimythical tribe which inhabited that island.
** Treatment by A.I. Poyarkova.

21

335

1. C. oblonga Mill., Gard. dict. ed. VIII (1768); Popov in Tr. Prikl. Bot.,
Gen. i Sel. XXII, 3 (1929) 434; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. IV (1934) 285.— Pyrus
cydonia L., Sp. pl. (1753) 480; M.B., Fl. taur.-cauc. I, 391.— Cydonia
cydonia Pers., Synops. pl. III (1807) 40.— C.vulgaris Pers., l.c., in
corrig.;. Ldb., Fl..Ross. 1l,1,;101; Shmal's., Fl. 1,351; Medv., Der ipkust
Kavk. (1919) 132. — Ie.: Vol'f and Palib., Opred.der.i kust. (1904), figures
on pp. 469, 470, and 471; Hegi, Ill. Fl. v. Mitteleur IV, 2 (1925) f.1024—1026,
tab. 145, f. 4. ;

Small tree or shrub 1.5—5 m high, with thin, scaling bark; shoots
lanate-tomentose when young, later glabrous; leaves ovate or oval,
less often orbicular, entire, acute or obtuse, mucronulate, rounded
at base or Slightly cordate, the young leaves arachnoid-tomentose, glabrous
when fully developed, anddark green above, grayish-tomentose below,
to 10 (12) cm long, 7.5cm broad; stipules glandular-dentate; flowers pale
pink, to 5mm in diameter, short-pediceled; pedicels, receptacle, and
outside of sepals tomentose-pubescent; receptacle ovate; sepals oval,
glandular-serrate; stamens densely lanate at base and tightly constricted
by projections of perigynous disk; fruits initially tomentose, glabrous
at maturity, lemon-colored or dark yellow, sometimes reddening laterally,
mostly somewhat ribbed, globose (f.maliformis Kirchn.,C.maliformis
Mill.) or pyriform (f.pyriformis Kirchn.), in wild quince 2.5—3.5cm
long and weighing up to 60—100 g; flesh with numerous grit cells, not very
succulent, astringent, but very aromatic. Fl. May, fr. September.

(Plate XXVII, Figure 1).

Forest edges, forest and slopes in the lower mountain belt, not higher
than 1,400 m; on rather deep, mainly limestone soils. — Caucasus: W. and
E. Cisc., Dag., E. and S. Transc., Tal. Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet Dagh,
Aidere Gorge). The presence of wild quince in Pam.-Al. has not been
ascertained; it has been reported for the Bald'zhuan district, at the
Pulisang Bridge on the Vakhsh River, and for the Zigdi Pass; possibly
growing wild in W. Tien Shan, near Kara-Ungur (Kattar -Yangak natural
boundary area). Escaped in Crim. Gen.distr.: Arm.-Kurd. (As. Min.)
and N. Iran. Widespread in cultivation and naturalized almost throughout
the Mediterranean area, escaped in many areas of Central Europe.
Cultivated as far north as Scotland and Norway (63° 51' N.). Described
from the Danube. Type in London.

Economic importance. Cultivated for its fruits, which sometimes
weigh up to 2kg. Wild quinces bear few-fruits (2-10 each) and are not
an important source of raw material in the national economy. The fruits
are hardly ever eaten raw but are cooked or baked, used as condiment and
for the making of jam, jelly, marmalade, syrup and drinks. In medicine
quince seeds serve as purgatives and laxatives; their mucilage is mainly
used externally to cover and refresh. The extract prepared from the
mucilage and iron and an infusion of the latter are used instead of ferric
malate infusion and extract. The mucilage is used in the textile industry
for giving a gloss to materials; its aqueous decoction can replace gum
arabic. Seeds contain 20—22% mucilage and 15% of fatty oils, amygdalin,
the enzyme emulsin, tannins (in seed coat), proteins, dyes, and 13% ash.
The colloidal aqueous solution of mucilage (50:1) yields under the action of
diluted acids 34% of a substance reacting like cellulose. The fat contains

336

myrsinic acid. The pulp of the fruit contains 9.6% sugars, mostly levulose,
malic and tartaric acids, and a small quantity of tannins. Quince is

also cultivated as an ornamental plant; there is a form with variegated
leaves (f. marmorata (Dipp.) C.K. Schn.) and a pyramidal form
(f.pyramidalis (Dipp.) C.K. Schn.); tolerant of clipping, used for
hedgerows; serves as a Stock for grafting delicate dwarf varieties

of pear and apple trees, Eriobotrya japonica and Photinia.
Requires deep, loose, fertile, moist soil; iscultivated from seeds, coppice
shootsand root suckers. Provides honey and pollen for bees. The
whitish wood, regular in structure and medium-hard, is easily cut and
used for various small articles. Nearly all old trees are affected by
heartrot caused by the fungus Fomes fulva; another fungus,
Sclerotinia cydoniae, affects the leaves, decreasing the size of the
fruits and the general yield.

Genus 726. PYRUS* L.s. str. **
L. Sp. pl. ed. 1(1753) 479,

Trees, less often tall shrubs; leaves with early deciduous stipules,
alternate, involute in bed, deciduous in winter, entire, less often
pinnatisect. Flowers in corymbs; calyx deciduous or persistent in fruit.
Petals white or pinkish, long-clawed. Stamens 20—50. Styles 5, parted
from the base, glabrous or pubescent. Fruits succulent, pyriform, sometimes
subglobose, the flesh with more or less abundant grit cells.

1. All,or at least some leaves pinnatisect into narrow lobes ....%....

SMC ope NS? ith, ro Faby hiahvatahae ater en eke Seats tna Gr tee iatre tee iO) Perego Rehd.
Se Rea ViGSr ENLTIIGY sty ale ‘ah he MA Je Oly SCO ES ae, CCR LR, UE OR Die
2. Leaves oval, suborbicular, or broadly elliptic, not more than 2—2.5

times as long as broad,when fully developed quite glabrous or

SOM MM COSY Fre vets aes one Meaty Mya tee ae PED FED A OL) Dh LO A Bs
+ All or most leaves narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, 3 or more times

as long as broad; if leaves broader, then pubescence persisting

even on fully developed leaves, or else leaves large, to 8—10 cm long,

with teeth terminating in a persistent or caducous callous point... op
3. Leaves acutely dentate, the teeth terminating in a more or less long
SAEs) oh of oiIN alles ae Se OR An Pe aden Led CM On ior ore tes dea CRICR IC aL Ch lec CoD uk ceri ate 4,
+ Leaves obtusely, less often acutely dentate, but teeth without awnlike
RORUIOET See eS AR cy teatrahe ys a Rays ectudhteh ratiateee nse itt ne ben Sew adamaned a rics kee the Dake Maher e 6.
Papnr urine pedicels) 15-2 cm longs: leaves 4—Sicnt lone sO RUNAae ad”. .
oe SG ey Le eed ae Oe Sah e ee ta OC Talat a ae 5. P.ussuriensis Maxim.
et enmuitine pedicels 7.5—8 cmylongs, leaves to 10-12 em long 9... 6 5.
5. Leaves broadly ovate or suborbicular, with large teeth terminating in a
mone sharp point.” Pruits arse! bo cmtlong nih 24, hte PO hawws s
ACS RATS OR COR ROL Rk SORT ecto aie oe 6. P.asiae-mediae M. Popov.
+ Leaves ovate or elliptic, with very small, inconspicuously apiculate
feetn, Eruitsismaller,)2—2.5/em one’) PP 0 7. P.grossheimii A. Fed.

6. Fruits small, ca.1cm in diameter, with early deciduous scales;
leaves quite glabrous, coarsely and unequally serrate throughout
APRS: Praline Sirk vindeel Fite». hve me mua few eee wre 4, P.boissieriana Buhse.

* From the Roman name of this plant.
** Treatment by V.P.Maleev.

Sp)

aa

338

+

+

leh

+

Fruits usually larger, with scales persistent or else deciduous when
hrewuitShimatur.eswlieaviesnentwecrhOrys eigicn| ahenOg Glzena tein a yea wr lame le
Sepals broadly oval, appressed to fruit; in young plants, all parts
covered with snow-white tomentose pubescence which later almost
GUSADPEAIGSnetapehe ls bre beh dole ene peda elem eae 3. P.turcomanica Maleev.
Sepals elongate, lanceolate, more or less erect; leaves and other

parts of plant never with tomentose nor with such a dense pubescence

eda fav cist Hevsteiy.« reg vactg th sPyicy teyy ty eb Mor ros: ay Jo. Sy Bd vaams tha Soke ay Rites ele Loe aso ea 8.
Leaves! and shoots) clabrouss leaves, acutely Seurate a. acest. eee
Se hi OP hy sete we Pac ore ae cine et cam 2 2. P.balansae Decaisne.
Young leaves and shoots pubescent; leaves entire, crenate, or serrate,
but withismathler suboebtusetieeth ayy. yyy) aoe 1. P.communis L.
Leaves very small, to 3—4 cm long, 1—1.5cm broad, glabrous, slightly
pubescentiontly on) thejmarciniwa as 2 eneest on: 13. P.sosnovskii A. Fed.
heaves larger weeny. Sin espe) Sieh Rela oll Cie: eonerceh reeks han ems £0);

Leaves densely villous or sericeous-pubescent on both sides or at

least below, the pubescence of long implexed hairs, less often
pubescence more or less disappearing, but then leaves entire or
obscurely denticulate onlyiat) the apexes yin. \ak eal eee ia
Leaves glabrous or subglabrous, sometimes pubescent but the
pubescence less dense and not composed of implexed hairs; leaves
conspicuously serrate or crenate, the teeth terminating in callous,
Sometimesiearlyidecid uousspouNite p.m yb Slee ge powers neues sa 14,
Lateral short shoots thick, coarsely annularly scarred; pubescence

VE WOWS 2.05 SO west pega pepehesdeies belatene: lenesngeatc see ve) teiless fag edge og ge Wc
Bateral short) shoots slender; pubeseenceiSericeous)). ae... eee MS
Leaves 3.5—8cm long,2—4cm broad. Tree with more or less

abundant spines, sometimes with none ...... 8. P.elaeagrifolia Pall.
Leaves longer and narrower, 6—9cm long, 2—3cm broad; spines

ENONSVGNEL RCO LO UES CRHORO: CCK Tor CRD CALE Re GOL Com Gr CRS ERO EAC 9. P.taochia Woron.
Leaves short-petioled or subsessile, longer and narrower, 3—4 times

as long as broad, entire or obscurely dentate only at the apex ......
ae PRS eng hs Mei Pea aay BD vans i talc mrcape Mined bay en ae a 10. P.salicifolia Pall.
‘Leaves with petioles to 4.cm long, the blade broader, 1.5—2 times as
long:as! broad conspicuously .crenate or iserrate), |..4, «1 \:e-s eee eee
Btu fos ode: a eet ea Rotel a Pre Gace crch a ier en eee Te nen 11. P.takhtadzhiani A. Fed.
eaves broadestyaround)the-middlejor higher...) ~ tyes) eee 13%.
BeaviestbRoadest) inilower tpart Paya (einiye bt eels eee ee ee 1)
Leaves broadest in the middle, serrulate or obscurely crenate......
CE RO ae OS he RATA ORNS Be DROSS ne IoeiY ny Oe etc 12. P.syriaca Boiss.
Leaves broadest above the middle, coarsely and acutely serrate.....
Sees Oe Ubi emewand digo teres spate 14, P.oxyprion Woron.

SEG REM OECTA ee OL oc rc ea ore ae 15. P.raddeana Woron.
Leaves less densely pubescent on both sides, crenate-serrate .... 17.
lieavespolabrous ,elliptic, orsbroadlyelliptic) 4) ek. Seen ees
POSE: Lae, CCRT OS) Ose ae Ce ACO. com ac RTT ne oho a 16. P. zangezura Maleev.
Leaves usually pubescent, less often glabrous, elongate-lanceolate,

LS LRG! sess Vee i tale Aer a could neat Ripe Oho nab Gains 17. P.korshinskyi Litw.

260

Series 1. Communes.— Leaves broad, oval or broadly elliptic to suborbic-
ular, initially more or less pubescent, later glabrous or glabrescent, entire or
denticulate, the teeth not awned. Calyx persistent in fruit.

1. P. communis L., Sp. pl. (1753) 479; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 94;
Decaisne, l.c., 340; Boiss., Fl. Or. II, 653; Shmal'g., Fl. 1,351; C.K. Schn.,
Laubholzk. I (1906) 661; Medvedev, Der. i kust. Kavkaza (1919) 126;
Voronov in Bullet. of Appl. Bot. a. Plant-Breed. XIV, 3 (19241925) 58, 76;
Popov, l.c., XXII, 3 (1929) 404; Vasil'ev,1.c., ser. VIL, VI (1932) 388.—
P.achras Gaerin., De fruct. II (1791) 44.— P. pyraster Borkh., Handb.
Forstbot. II (1803) 1287.— Ic.: Decaisne, l.c., tab. I; C.K. Schn., l.c.,

Meoet oom ae. eViasillcy.dsc.,f.105) Popovic. hia.

Tree to 20—30 m high, sometimes a Shrub; branches with or without
spines; buds and shoots glabrous, less often pubescent; petioles about
as long as the leaf blade, 2—5—7 cm long, initially mote or less pubescent,
later glabrous; leaves 2—5—7 cm long, 1.5—2.5 cm broad, suborbicular or
oval, rounded or obscurely cuneate at base, short-tapering, acuminate
apex, entire or serrulate or crenate on whole or part of margin, initially
white-arachnoid-pubescent, especially below, later quite glabrous or
subglabrous, with a stronger pubescence — masking the teeth — only along

the veins and the leaf margin, lustrous green, lighter below, drying black;
pedicels 3.5 cm long, pubescent or glabrous; flowers 2.5—3 cm in diameter;
sepals triangular -lanceolate, densely pubescent like the ovary, erect;
petals short-clawed, ca.1.5cm long, 1cm broad; fruits pyriform or
subglobose, very variable in size and shape, to 3—4cm long, 1.5—2 cm
broad, green, Sometimes reddening, less often yellow. April, May.

Deciduous, sometimes coniferous forests and shrub thickets, in deep
soils; sometimes forming pure stands; in the Crimea to 1,100 m, in the
Caucasus to 2,000 m.— European part: U.Dnp., V.-Don, M. Dnp., L. Don,
Bly we Crime; (Caucasus: (Cise. Dag!) W.,E., and S: Transc:,; Talc
Centr. Asia: apparently only as an escape in Mtn. Turkm., Amu D.,
Fam.-Al., Syr D., T.Sh. Gen.distr.: all of Europe (except Great Britain
and Denmark and the Iberian Peninsula where it is found only as an
escape), N. Anatolia, N. Iran. Described from Europe. Type in London.

Note. Very variable in all its characters — size and shape of
crown, presence of spines, shape of leaves, degree of pubescence, etc. ,
especially size, shape, and taste of fruit. There are two basic types, differing
mainly in shape of fruit, with numerous varieties and forms: Achras
with pyriform and Pyraster with globose fruit; these two basic types are
sometimes described as separate species, but there is no basis for this
differentiation. Moreover, the cultivated forms derived from P.communis
without hybridization are often united as var.sSativa DC., distinguished
by absence of spines and by larger fruits.

Economic importance. The common pear is the ancestor of up to 1,500
cultivated forms. The most ancient of these, which have changed little,
are derived directly from this species; most varieties, however, are the
result of hybridization with other species. Pear trees were first cultivated
in ancient Greece, then penetrated into Italy, and later became widespread
in Europe. Wild pear fruits are usually tart, becoming sweeter if stored.
They are used in various ways depending on their gustatory qualities:
they are eaten raw or dried, stewed, or used for making of drinks (kvass,
cider) or as fodder for cattle. The utilization of wild pear fruits is of
great importance in Ciscaucasia, where in the Krasnodar Territory
alone, according to Trusevich, pear forests with an admixture of apple

339

261

trees occupy 30,347 hectares, and the possible yield (together with the
apples) is estimated at 139 thousand tons. Wild pear fruits contain
70—85% water, 6—-13% sugar, 0.1—0.2% acids (mainly citric and malic),
0.29% ash, tannins, etc. The seeds contain 12—21% fatty oils. The wood
is heavy, specific gravity 0.72, fine-grained, solid, reddish brown, an
excellent imitation of ebony when covered with blackvarnish; used for
lathework, cabinet-making, and musical instruments. A light brown dye
is obtained from the bark.

2. P.balansae Decaisne, Le jardin fruitier de Museum I (1871—1872)
319; Voronov in Bulletin of Appl. Bot. X, IV, 3 (1924-1925) 58, 78.-- Ic.:
Decaisne, l.c., tab. 6.

Tree unarmed; young shoots and leaves quite glabrous; petioles
1.2—3cm long; leaves elongate-oval, 4—4.5cm long, 2—3 cm broad,
with acute, tapering apex, with rather large andvery acute teeth onthe margin;
fruits pyriform, ca. 2.5cm long, 2—2.5 cm broad, with pedicels 2.5—4 cm long.

Forests and shrub thickets. —Caucasus: W.Transc. (Adzharia).

Gen. distr.: Lazistan. Described from near the village of Khabakhor in
Lazistan. Type in Paris.

Note. Recorded for Adzharia by Yu. N. Voronov; this indication
must be verified, however, for there are no herbarium specimens of this
species from Adzharia.

340

3. P.turcomanica Maleev in Acta Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. USSR, ser. I, 3
(1936) 196.— P.salvifolia Bogushevsky in Bull. of Appl. Botany etc.
ser. VIII, 1 (1932) 133, non DC.— Ic.: Bogushevskii, l.c., f.57 and 58 (hab.);
Maleev, I. e., f.1.

Tree to 10—15m high, unarmed, with broad, irregular crown; buds and
other parts of plant densely and softly white-tomentose, later glabrous;
shoots initially pubescent, later glabrous, initially lustrous red-brown, later
smooth and gray with small lenticels; petioles 3.5—5cm long; leaves
initially silvery-white below with a very dense pubescence, later glabrescent,
pubescent only in angles between veins, lustrous green, entire or slightly
Sinuate and obtusely dentate, mainly near the apex, suborbicular or broadly
oval, 4—7cm long, 3—5 cm broad, rounded or even slightly emarginate at the
apex, sometimes acutely short-tapering, more or less cuneate at base;
flowers unknown; pedicels 2—4 cm long, thickening upward; fruits broadly
pyriform, ca.2.5cm broad, 2 cm long, gradually passing into pedicel below,
flat at the apex, with short, broad, white-pubescent scale lobes spreading
and appressed to fruit, thick-skinned, with numerous grit cells. April.

Dry stony slopes, rarely valleys, on deep alluvial soils. — Centr. Asia:
Mtn. Turkm. (W. Kopet Dagh). Gen.distr.: Iran.(?). Described from
W.Kopet Dagh. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Little varying species, clearly differentiated by its snow-white
tomentose pubescence and very characteristic scale lobes appressed to
fruit. The aboriginality ofthis species in W. Kopet Dagh — where it possibly
represents the remains of an ancient culture — and its distribution outside
the USSR have still to be ascertained.

Economic importance. Fruits sweet, with resinous taste, used like those
of the common wild pear.

262

B41

342

Series 2. Cordatae Maleev.— Proles Armoricana Decaisne, l.c.,
122, p.p.— Leaves as in tke preceding but quite glabrous and more coarsely
dentate. Fruits small, with caducous sepals.

4, P.boissieriana Buhse in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XII (1860) 87;
CG. ik. Scha.aaubholzk. 662: /Voronov, li.c:,h6,,78;-Popov,.1..e 4055
Bogushevskii, l.c.,128.— P.cordata Decaisne, l.c., 330 pp.; Boissier,
ice, Gas, po. py -wC.cweuk. ochn..loc., f. 363f/364 a—b; Bopsusheyskn, |. c.,
f.461 (hab.).

Small tree or shrub with irregular crown, unarmed; all parts of plant
quite glabrous; petioles 2.5—4 cm long, usually longer than, less often
as long as the blade; leaves lustrous green, drying blackish, suborbicular,
2—4 cm long and broad, rounded at base, nearly rectilinear or slightly
emarginate, Slightly tapering at the apex, short-acuminate, unequally serrate
throughout the margin, with subobtuse teeth; pedicels slender, to 4cm
long, much longer than fruit; fruits small, ca.1 cm in diameter, subglobose,
lustrous, reddish; sepals early caducous. April. (Plate XX, Figure 1).

Dry slopes at 600—1,200 m.— Caucasus: Tal.(?); Centr. Asia: Mtn.
Turkm. (W. Kopet Dagh, Sumbar and Chandyr river basins). Gen. distr.:
Iran. (N.). Described from the vicinity of Radkan in the Elburz Range in
N. Iran. Type in Geneva.

Economic importance. A species more resistant to drought, valuable
for hybridization with common pear and as stock for grafting for more
arid regions; gives rise to abundant root suckers.

Series 3. Sinenses Maleev.— Proles Mongolica Decaisne, l.c.,124,
p. p.— Leaves as in preceding series but acutely dentate, with aristate
teeth. Scales persistent in fruit.

5. P.ussuriensis Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sc. St. Pétersb. XV (1857) 135;
Prim. Florae Amur. (1859) 102; Regel in Gartenfl. X (1864) 374; Rehder
in Proceed. of the Amer. Acad. 50 (1915) 227; Kom.in A.H. P.XXXIx, 1
(1923) 75; Skvortsov in Bullet. Jard. Bot. Princ. XXIV (1925) 146; in The
China Journ. XIV, 6 (1931) 329; Kom. and Alis., Opreditel' II (1932) 637. —
P.sinensis Lindl. apud Maxim. in Mél. Biolog. (1873) 168 et in Bull.
de 1'Acad. Sc. St. Pétersb. XIX (1874) 172; Korzhinskii in A. H. P. XII
(1892) 335; Palibin, ibidem XVII, 1 (1899) 75; Kom., ibidem XXII (1904) 476;
C.K. Schn., Laubholzk. 1,663 p.p.— P.communis Bunge in Mém. Ac. Sc.
St. Pétersb. II (1833) 10,non L.— P.sinensis @ ussuriensis Makino
in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXII (1908) 69.— Ic.: Reg., l.c., tab. 345; Skwortzow
in The China Journ. XIV, 6 (1931) 330, f.1—16,tab.1—3. Vernacular name:
khingalikhta (Goldi).

Tree to 10—15 m high, spiny; crown broad, dense; buds and young shoots
with fugacious lanate pubescence; branchlets gray to brown or nearly black,
lustrous; petioles 2—6 cm long, initially pubescent, later glabrous; leaves
suborbicular, sometimes slightly cordate, with long-tapering acute apex,
densely and acutely serrate with long-apiculate teeth, with pubescence
fugacious below and persisting longer only on the margin, lustrous green
above; inflorescence many-flowered; flowers 3—4cm in diameter; sepals

263

(343)

PLATE XX. 1—Pyrus boissieriana Boiss.et Buhse, branchlet with leaves and fruit; 2 — P.ussuriensis
Maxim., branchlet with leaves and fruit: a) leaf margin; 3—P.eleagrifolia Pall., branchlet with
leaves and fruits, a) leaves; 4— P.taochia Woron., branchlet with leaves and fruit; 5— P.salicifolia
Pall., branchlet with leaves and fruits: a) leaves.

264

345

broadly triangular, tapering at the apex, rather sparsely pubescent above;
petals ca. 2.5 cm long, 1.5cm broad, short-clawed, white; fruits short-
stalked (1.5—2 cm), either dull dingy green or yellowish, often with reddish
spots, 1.5—6.5 cm long, more or less broadly pyriform or subglobose, the
skin thick, the flesh with very abundant grit cells. May. (Plate XX, Figure 2)
Forests and river valleys in the lower mountain zone.— Far East:
Uss. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Manchuria, Korea). Described from the Ussuri
River. Type in Leningrad.
Note. This species varies in size, shape, color, and taste of fruit, on

the basis of which Skvortzov has described several varieties which may

be of importance for selection.

Economic importance. The fruits may be eaten raw or dried; to improve
their taste they are fermented in heaps and then salted. They are sold in
Manchurian markets as ''li.'' Being very frost-resistant, this species is
valuable as stock for grafting for northern horticulture and attention is
being given to this possible use. The dense, heavy wood has the same
applications as that of P.commun is. P.ussuriensis was introduced
into cultivation in Europe by the Petersburg Botanical Garden from seeds
collected in the Far East by Maack.

6. P.asiae-mediae M. Popov in Bull. of Appl. Bot. XxU (1929) 414, 425
(pro subsp. P.sinensis Lindl.).— Ic.: ibidem f. 87.

Large tree with spreading crown, unarmed; petioles shorter than leaf
blade, 6-8 cm long; leaves large, to 11—12 cm long, 8—9 cm broad, with broad
rounded or cuneate base, broadly ovate or orbicular, short-tapering and
acuminate, coarsely serrate with long-awned teeth, dark green and lustrous
above, paler below; flowers small; pedicels long, to 6—7 cm long, as long
as fruit: fruits large, 6—7 cm long, yellowish, short -pyriform, watery -sweet,
maturing early. May.

Apple-and-walnut forests, in river valleys on deep alluvial soil. — Cenine.
Asia: T.Sh. (Pskem River valley). Endemic. Described from Mullyal.
Type in Leningrad.

Note. This species has not been fully studied, nor has its distribution
area been precisely determined; it is closely related to the Chinese
P.lindleyi Rehder (=P.sinensis Lindl.) and to P.ovoidea Rehder.
The calyx, persistent in fruit, clearly distinguishes it from P.serotina
Rehder, widely cultivated in E. Asia.. It has not been determined whether
the Central Asian P.asiae-mediae is wild -growing or an escape.

The latter is more probable, especially since the varieties cultivated
and rather widely distributed in Tadzhikistan and Uzbekistan are derived
from P.sinensis Lindl. and from its hybrids with F.communis L.
These varieties are known in Tadzhikistan as 'Noshputy" and ''Nok"

(see Viktorovskii in ''Trudy Tadzhikistanskoi kompleksnoi ekspeditsii"'
[Transactions of the Tadzhikistan Combined Expedition], No. XIII, 1935).

Economic importance. Like the other forms, P.sinensis s.l.is
valuable for cultivation and selection on account of its very sweet fruits,
much appreciated by the population of Central Asia. In addition, varieties
of P.sinensis s.1. and its hybrids with P. communis are noted for
their high yields, are highly resistant to fungal diseases, and suffer little
from Laspeyrisia pyrivora. For these reasons they are particularly
valuable for cultivation in the southern USSR.

265

346

7. P.grossheimii A. Fed.in Tr. Arm. fil. Akad. Nauk II (1937) 203.

Tall or medium-sized tree with conical crown and blackish verrucose
branches; petioles long (to 10cm); leaves 8—10cm long, 4—5cm broad,
ovate-elliptic, broadly rounded at base, tapering-acuminate, slightly
plicate along the midrib, acutely serrulate, lustrous green; flowers unknown;
fruits with slender pedicels to 5cm long, globose-pyriform, 2—2.5cm long
and as broad; sepals spreading, tomentose-pubescent.

Hornbeam-oak forests (Quercus castaneifolia) of the middle
forest zone.— Caucasus; Tal. Endemic. Described from near the village
of Lerik. Type in Erevan.

Note. According to A. A. Fedorov, this species is distributed ''in the
virgin forests of Talysh." It is interesting to note that pear varieties of
the series Sinenses are cultivated in Talysh and in Mazanderan;
however, it still should be determined whether P.grossheimii in
Talysh is not in fact an escaped form.

Series 4. Ponticae Maleev.— Proles Pontica Decaisne,l.c.,123.—
Leaves narrowly or broadly lanceolate, less often to narrowly oval or
narrowly elliptic, entire or obscurely denticulate, densely villous or
sericeous-pubescent like other parts of plant, the pubescence persisting at
least on underside of leaves, less often the pubescence disappearing toward
fall. Calyx persistent in fruit.

8. P.elaeagrifolia Pall.in Nova Acta acad. Petrop. VII (1793) 355;
M.B.,F1.Taur.-Cauc.1(1808) 389; III(1819) 333; Ldb.,Fl.Ross,II,95; Stev.in
Bull.Soc.Nat.Mosc.XXIX,170; Decaisne,1.c.,316; Boiss.,1.c.,654; Shmal'g.,
F1.1,351; Voron.,1.c., 58, 79; Voinov in Zap. Gos. Nikitsk. Op. Bot. Sada
X, 2 (1928) 55; Vasil'ey,l.c.,392.— P.nivalis Palljex Georsi,Beschram
d. Russ. Reiches (1802) 1014.— P.nivalis var.elaeagrifolia C.K.
Schn., Laubholzk. 1 (1906) 659.—Ic.: Pall.,l.c. tab.10; Decaisne,l.c.

Talo, Ie C.ik, SG. 6.0, SAC, HSliks Weasiil"ew.sil,@.. , Lil, 2.

Tree to 10—15m high, sometimes a spiny, rarely an unarmed shrub;
buds and young shoots with a very dense grayish-white villous pubescence
persisting on annotinous shoots and then gradually disappearing; lateral
reduced shoots very thick, annularly rugose, dark gray, nearly black;
petioles 3—4cm long; leaves rather variable in shape and size, broadly
lanceolate, sometimes oboval or subspatulate, usually broadest in upper
third; less often, mainly at tips of fruiting shoots, leaves broader and
shorter, subelliptic, more or less rounded or narrowed at base, slightly
tapering-acuminate, often with a small, as it were fitted mucro, 3.5—8cm
long, 2—4cm broad, entire or obscurely dentate at the apex, densely
grayish-white villous on both sides, the pubescence partly disappearing
above in fully developed leaf; corymbs many-flowered; pedicels 1.5—2cm
long, densely villous; flowers smaller thanin P.communis; petals
white, pink tinged, 1 —1.2cm long, ca.0.8cm broad, with short, pubescent claw;
sepals densely pubescent, lanceolate, more or less erect in fruit; fruits
of varying shape from pyriform to flattened-globose, to 3cm in diameter,
initially pubescent, yellow-green, sometimes reddening. April — May.
(Plate XX, Figure 3).

266

347

Dry stony slopes, shrub thickets, pine forests, forest-steppe, also high
mountains of the Crimean Yaila to 1,100m.— European part: Crim.

Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. (Anatolia), Arm.-Kurd. (Turkish Armenia).
Described from the Crimea. Type in London.

Note. Varies greatly in leaf size and shape and in degree of leaf
pubescence; this is observed on different trees as well as on different
shoots of the same tree; size and Shape of fruit also very variable.

Economic importance. Distinguished by its strong drought resistance;
grows well on dry and stony soils; also very resistant to frost (down to
minus 20—30°). These properties make it a most valuable species for
forestry and horticulture, since it can be cultivated in the steppe zone.

Its importance for dry district horticulture is mainly as a drought-resistant
stock suited to poor soils, and as such it is widely cultivated in E. Crimea
(see Voinov, l.c.). This species should also be used for hybridization.

In addition, it has ornamental value and may be used to provide greenery

in the same regions. In the Crimea the fruits of Ppelaeagrifolia have
the same uses as those ofthe common wild pear, since both have the same
properties.

P.elaeagrifolia Pall.X P.communis L.— Distinguished from
P.elaeagrifolia by less dense, more fugacious pubescence of leaves
and other parts of plants, by subglabrous or quite glabrous branches,
and by broader leaves resembling those of P.communis, usually
conspicuously dentate, especially in upper part of blade. — European part:
Crim. Often in districts where both species occur.

*9. P.taochia Woron. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Princip. XXVI (1927) 609;

Bull. of Appl. Bot. XIV, 3 (1924) 82.— P.elaeagrifolia f.taochia Woron.
apud Diapulis in Fedde, Repert. spec. nov. XXXIV (1933) 37.— Ic.: Voronov
(1924—1925), l.c., tab. 1.

Unarmed tree; buds and shoots with a dense grayish white, somewhat
yellowish villous pubescence; annotinous branchlets with smooth, olive -gray
bark; lateral shortened shoots very thick, with very coarse annulate scars;
petioles densely villous, 1—2 cm long; leaves long, elongate-lanceolate or
narrowly elliptic, relatively longer and narrower than those of P.elaea-
grifolia,6—9cm long, 2—3cm broad, gradually tapering at base and
decurrent along petioles or more or less rounded at base, obtuse, with
small, as it were, fitted mucro, entire or obscurely dentate at the apex,
densely grayish-villous, the pubescence later partly disappearing
above; flowers unknown; fruiting pedicels ca.2.5cm long; fruits pyriform,
ca.1.5cem in diameter, initially pubescent; sepals narrowly lanceolate, more
or less erect, covered with dense yellowish-gray pubescence. (Plate XX,
Figure 4).

Dry stony sites, often forests and shrub thickets. May occur in central
Adzharistan (Adzharis-Tskhali River basin). Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd.
(middle reaches of the Chorokh River). Described from the former Artvin
District (between the villages of Gurdzhan and Khad). Type in Leningrad.

Note. Distinguished from the closely related P.kotschyana (Boiss.)
Decne., from Asia Minor, by its narrower, longer leaves and smaller,
pyriform fruits.

267

10. P.salicifolia Pall., Reise III (1776) Anh. 734; L. fil. Suppl. (1781)

255: Pall, Fl. Ross. 1 (1784) 20; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 95; Boiss., 1: ¢:,655);
Decaisne) l.es,310; (Shmal'te.,lijie.352; Cokjschn., lo c., 656; Medvedev,

1. c., 128, Voronov, l. c. (1924-1925) 83; Vinogradov-Nikitin in Bull. of

Appl. Bot. XXII (1929) 90.— P.eleagrifolia auct. fl. cauc.,non Pall. —
P.argyrophylla Diapulis in Notizbl.d. Bot. Gart.u. Mus. Berlin XI (1933)
884; Fedde, Repert. spec. nov. XXXIV (1933) 37.— Ic.: Pall.,1.c. (1776) tab.
Ni f) 35 HEE Rosse (784)atab. 93) Cake Schniylic., f.S60cx dit soles
Diapulis in Notizbl. (1933) f.14.

Tree to 8-10 m high, sometimes a shrub, profusely branching, with broad
crown and abundant spines; buds, shoots, and leaves covered with dense,
grayish-white arachnoid pubescence consisting of sericeous hairs persisting
on leaves until fall but sometimes — especially above — nearly disappearing;
lateral reduced shoots slender; leaves subsessile or with petioles short,
to 1—2 cm, the blade extremely variable in shape from long and narrowly
lanceolate, 6—9 cm long, 0.5—1 cm broad, to broadly lanceolate, 3—6 cm long,
1—2 cm broad, broadest usually in the middle, less often-higher than the
middle, gradually tapering at both ends and gradually passing into petiole,
subobtuse or acuminate, entire, sometimes — mainly on strong vegetative
shoots — terminal leaves coarsely dentate; flowers in many-flowered
corymbs; sepals and ovary densely pubescent; sepals more or less
narrowly long-lanceolate, acuminate, more or less erect in fruit; petals
with short pubescent claw, 1—1.3cm long, 0.5—0.7 cm broad; fruits globose
or broadly pyriform, 1.5—2 cm long, 1.2—1.8 cm in diameter, pubescent,
especially in upper part, the pubescence disappearing at maturity of fruit;
pedicels short, usually shorter than fruit, thickening upward. April.

(Plate XX, Figure 5).

Dry stony sites, forest edges, shrub thickets, in the steppe. — Caucasus:
Cisc. (E.) Dag., E.and S. Transe. Endemic. Described from Ciscaucasia
from the region between the Kura and Terek rivers, in the 'Dubki" Hills
near the Chervlenaya railroad station. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Very variable in shape of leaves and shape of fruits, which are
either subglobose or ovoid-pyriform. The variability in leaf shape can
be observed even on different shoots of the same tree, which makes it
impossible to separate any constant forms, at least without detailed
observation in situ or without special collections. An extremely narrow-
leaved form from the vicinity of Borzhomi and Tbilisi has been described
as P.argyrophylla Diapulis. Examination of the considerable material
from these regions has not enabled identification of this species, for it
falls entirely within the variation range of P.salicifolia, the narrow-
leaved form of these regions being linked by a full range of transitions to
broader -leaved specimens of P.salicifolia growing in the same regions;
in addition, the narrow-leaved form also occurs in other parts of the
P.salicifolia distribution area. Broader-leaved specimens of
P.salicifolia are often confused with P.elaeag rifolia, from which
they are clearly distinguished by leaf shape and, in particular, by the
type of pubescence.

Economic importance. Cultivated as ornamentals. Drought and frost
resistant plants, undemanding in soil requirements, of great importance

348

349

597173 . 268

in arid regions for hybridization and selection of new species as well as
for silviculture and as stock for grafting. Developing abundant root suckers
and with a wide-spreading root system which makes them very valuable
for fixation of sands. Fruits sweet.but with numerous grit cells, used like
those of wild P.communis; after fermentation they are sold in the
markets of Transcaucasia as "panto."

iPS ili @ asec ey Ie ylloy< 12) (eo) aa soil in) US by slonanenl a? Ions sjanl
Distinguished by its broader leaves withless abundant, fugacious pubescence,
usually dentate. — Caucasus: occurs in districts where the two species grow
Simultaneously.

11. P.takhtadzhiani A. Fed.in Tr. Arm. fil. Akad. Nauk II (1937) 208. —
lew word’

-Medium-sized tree; branches with few spines or unarmed, covered
with dark ash-gray bark; leaves varying in shape — often even on the
same branch — obovate, rhomboid, or elliptic, acute or obtuse, mostly
tapering at both ends and acuminate, irregularly serrate or crenate,
sometimes gray-arachnoid-pubescent below, especially along midrib,
3—8cm long, 2—3cm broad; petioles 2.5 —4 cm long, gray-pubescent;
flowers unknown; fruits large, to 4cm long, 2.5—3 cm in diameter, obovoid,
succulent, glabrous, yellow-brown; fruiting pedicels long, as long as or even
longer than fruit, less often shorter.

Open juniper and deciduous forests.— Caucasus: S. Transc. (S. Armenia).
Endemic. Described from near the villages of Khosrov and Garny in
Armenia. Type in Erevan.

Note. Closely related to P,.communis in leaf shape but to
P.salicifolia in other characters; it is distinguished from the latter
by leaf shape, long petioles and pedicels, and larger fruits. The possibility
ofits being a hybrid of P.salicifolia X P.communis is, apparently,
to be excluded, since P. communis does not grow in the distribution
area of P.takhtadzhiani.

Series 5. Syriacae Maleev.— Leaves lanceolate to elliptic, when fully
developed more or less pubescent or glabrous, dentate, the teeth terminating
in a callous, more or less conspicuous but sometimes early deciduous
thickening. Calyx persistent in fruit.

12. P.syriaca Boiss., Diagn. ser. I, X (1849) 1; Fl. Or. Il, 655; Decaisne,
l.c., 320; C.K.Schn.,1.c.,659; Medvedev, l.c.,129; Voronov in Bull. of
Appl. Bot. XIV, 3 (1924-1925) 83; Diapulis in Fedde, Repert. XXXIV (1933)
Soe lee Deeaisnenl. Ceritab os © woe de Solon aOA.Ca fa Laila,
ies 933) tab.CoLi. £910.

Tree to 10 m high, with short, thick spines; buds large, 0.6—0.7cm long,
broadly oval, with scales dark brown, remote, broad, acuminate, initially
ciliate-pubescent, soon glabrous; young shoots and petioles with short
sericeous pubescence disappearing later; branchlets lustrous reddish-
brown, second-year branchlets covered by uneven gray bark; petioles
thickish, 1—2.5—5 cm long; leaves initially arachnoid -pubescent, especially

269

351

below, Soon quite glabrous, lustrous green, firm, with a very prominent
network of veins, broadly lanceolate, 3—9 cm long, 2—3 cm broad, broadest

at or slightly below the middle, gradually tapering toward both ends, rounded
or Slightly cuneate at base, rounded at the apex or acuminate, regularly
serrulate or nearly crenate, the teeth terminating in a conspicuous callous
thickening; flowers in few-flowered corymbs to 3cm in diameter; petals with
a hairy claw; fruiting pedicels thick, thickening upward, 2—4 cm long; fruits
pyriform, less often subglobose, 2—2.5 cm long, 1.5—2 cm in diameter, with
elongate-lanceolate sepals April. (Plate XXI, Figure 1).

Dry slopes,open forests, shrub thickets. Caucasus: S.Transc.

Gen. distr.: E. Med. (Cyprus, Syria, E. Anatolia), Arm. -Kurd. (Kurdistan,
Turkish Armenia). Described from the Anti-Lebanon (Mt. Kassia).
Type in Geneva.

Note. In Transcaucasia P.syriaca occurs only inS.Armenia.
The Caucasian specimens differ somewhat from the Syrian and from the
Asia Minor specimens in general; Transcaucasian P.syriaca should
perhaps be separated as a distinct race; lack of material, however,
makes this impossible at present.

Economic importance. Rarely in cultivation. May be of value as
drought resistant stock. In Syria there are cultivated varieties derived
from P.syriaca, but their fruit is of poorer quality than that of the
native varieties of P,communis.

13. P. sosnovskii A. Fed. in Sb. Nauchn.tr. Bot.o-va Arm. SSR i Arm.
fil. Akad. Nauk. I (1938) 3.— Ic.: ibidem.
Small tree or tall shrub, spiny; branches densely leafy, the bark reddish
or brownish, on perennial fruitbearing branches ash-gray; leaves small,
to 3cm long, 1—1.5cm broad, elliptic or subrhomboid, regularly tapering
toward both ends, cuneate at base, acuminate, minutely serrulate, glabrous
or Slightly soft-hairy only on the margin, lustrous bright green; petioles
slender, as long as or somewhat shorter than the blade. Fl. and fr. unknown.
Juniper stands on stony slopes. — Caucasus: S. Transc. (Garni River
gorge near Erevan). Endemic. Described from there. Type in Erevan.
Note. Very distinctive, distinguished from other species of this
genus by its small leaves and general appearance.

*14, P.oxyprion Woron. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Princ. XXVI (1927) 608;
Bull. of Appl. Bot. XIV, 3 (1924—1925) 86.— P.syriaca var.oxyprion
Diapulis in Fedde, Repert. sp. nov. XXVI (1933) 38.— Ic.: Voronov, l.c.
(1924-1925). Plate II.

Medium-sized tree with broad crown; branches spiny; shoots with
disappearing arachnoid pubescence; buds dark brown, large, with oval
or broadly triangular more or less remote scales, with disappearing
arachnoid pubescence and with short white hairs persisting on back of
scales; petioles 0.5—2 cm long; leaves initially arachnoid-pubescent below,
later glabrous on both sides, firm, lustrous green, irregularly acutely
serrate, often somewhat curved, oblanceolate, broadest above the middle,
9—9 cm long, 1—1.5 cm broad, tapering but obtuse at the apex, somewhat
decurrent along the petioles; flowers unknown; fruiting pedicels 4-5 cm

270

1352

long; fruits pyriform, ca.2cm long,1.5cm in diameter, pubescent in upper
part when immature; sepals lanceolate, acute. (Plate XXII, Figure DN):

Dry Slopes; may be found in 8. Transc.on the slopes of the Aras River
valley in its middle reaches. Gen.distr.: Arm.-Kurd. (Turkish Armenia).
Described from the Agri-Dag Range. Cotype in Leningrad.

15. P.raddeana Woron. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Princip. XXVI (1927) 608;
Bull. of Appl. Bot. XIV, 3 (1924-1925) 88.— P.syriaca var.raddeana
Diapulis in Fedde, Repert. XXXIV (1933) 38.

Unarmed tree; shoots more or less pubescent or glabrous; buds with
scales pubescent on the back and on the margin; petioles pubescent,
3—4 cm long; leaves densely tomentose-pubescent below, initially pubescent,

later glabrous above, elongate-elliptic, broadest at the middle, gradually

tapering toward both ends, acute, regularly and acutely serrate-dentate,
6—8 cm long, 2—4 cm broad. Fl. and fr. unknown.

Caucasus: S. Transc. (Armenia, Zangezur). Endemic. Described from
near the village of Lishka. Type in Leningrad.

Note. A little studied, somewhat dubious species; only sterile branches
are known; possibly a hybrid of P.salicifolia X P.syriaca; its
distribution is also rather uncertain, since Frieck's specimens from the
vicinity of Kiravokan, reported by Yu. N. Voronov and similar to the type,
do not correspond to the diagnosis of that species.

16. P.zangezura Maleev in Acta Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS, ser. I, f.3 (1936)
195.

Unarmed tree; buds large, ca.5cm long, narrowly conical to oval, with
appressed, broadly oval, acuminate scales persisting in terminal buds, dark
brown, intially densely pubescent, especially on back of scales, later
subglabrous; young shoots drying almost black-brown, with fugacious
pubescent; branchlets covered by gray bark with small lenticels;
petioles 2—5 cm long; leaves elliptic, broadly -lanceolate, or elongate-oval,
broadest in lower part, very large, 5—9cm long, 3—5 cm broad, broadly
rounded at base, obtuse or somewhat acuminate, obtusely dentate, almost
crenate, the teeth terminating in a very small, early deciduous callous
point, dull green, much paler below, drying black, glabrous when fully
developed, with scattered villous pubescence only along the veins below;
flowers unknown; fruits in groups of 7 or 8 on upward-thickening stalks,
ca.2.5 cm long, obscurely pyriform or subglobose, very hard and stony,
glabrous; sepals lanate-pubescent (ca.1.5cem long in midsummer).

Upper forest zone. — Caucasus: S. Transc. (Armenia, former Zangezur
County, near the village of Mazra, in the Sav-Chai River valley, at 1,850 m).
Endemic. Described from there. Type in Leningrad.

17. P.korshinskyi Litw. in Travaux du Musée Bot. Ac. Sc. Pétersb. I,
(1902) 17; C.K. Schn., Laubholzk. 1, 657; Fedch., Rast. Turkest. (1915) 488;
Popova. cl. ler: "Coke och. l ici f.360igs"Popov, |. Cc.) i. 18:

Vernacular name: shaking (Tadzhik).

Medium-sized, unarmed tree; buds large, oval, obtuse, with densely white -
pubescent oval, somewhat remote scales; young shoots densely white-
pubescent, annotinous shoots covered with brownish-gray bark; petioles

271

353

PLATE XXI. 1—Pyrus syriaca Boiss.,branchlet with leaves: 2—P.oxyprion Woron.: branchlet
with leaves and fruits; 3—P.korshinskyi Litw.: a) leaf; 4—P.regelii Rehd. a) leaf margin;
5—P.bucharica Litw., branchlet with leaves,

Ped le

355

356

densely pubsecent, 1.5—5 cm long; leaves linear or elongate -lanceolate,
ligulate, 5—10 cm long, 2—4 cm broad, broadest in lower part, broadly rounded
at base or broadly cuneate, gradually long-tapering and acuminate, crenate-
serrate, the teeth terminating in a subacute callous, later deciduous point,
more or less densely whitish-pubescent throughout on both sides, when fully
developed glabrous or subglabrous, lustrous, pubescent only below along the
veins; corymbs many-flowered; pedicels, ovary, and sepals densely
pubescent; flowers 2—2.5 cm in diameter; petals elongate -oval, with short,
glabrous claw; fruiting pedicels 2—2.5 cm long, thickening upward; fruits
broadly pyriform or subglobose, 3—5 cm long, 3 cm in diameter, the flesh
with few grit cells; sepals elongate -lanceolate, dentate, erect. May.

(Plate XXI, Figure 3).

Dry slopes, shrub thickets, open forests, at 1,200—1,700 m. — Centr. Asia:
Pam.-Al., T. Sh. (W.). Endemic. Described from the former Andizhan
County, Fergana Region. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Varying in shape of leaves and especially in their degree of
pubescence; fully developed leaves and simultaneously the shoots and
pedicels either densely pubescent (var.typica M. Popov) or subglabrous
with traces of pubescence only in upper part of pedicels (var.glabrescens
M. Popov).

Economic importance. Most abundant in central and SE Tadzhikistan
where, according to Linchevskii (Sov'etskaya Botanika [Soviet Botany], No.1,
1938) it is widely used by the local population in the planting of nonirrigated
gardens as drought-resistant stock for cultivated varieties.

P.korshinskyi Litv.X P.vavilovii M. Popov, l. c., 403. — Ic.: Popov,
iee., f: (95:80).

Leaves oblong-oval or broadly lanceolate, broadly rounded at base,
gradually tapering at the apex, dentate, glabrous when fully developed; leaf
shape intermediate between that of the two parent species. Flowers large;
pedicels lanate.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al., T. Sh. (wW.). Described from the
former Osh County.

Economic importance. The hybrid forms of Central Asia belonging here
are cultivated and are valuable for selection.

Series 6. Heterophyllae Maleev.— Leaves quite glabrous like the shoots,
pinnatisect, sometimes unlobed, dentate, the teeth terminating ina callous
thickening. Scales persistent in fruit.

18. P.regelii Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. XX (1939) 97.— P.heterophylla
Rgl. et Schmalh. in A.H. P. V, 2 (1878) 581, non Pott, nec. Steud.; Fedch.,1.c.,
waa Popov, l.-c., 399.— Ic.: C.K. Schne, lcm ft. 3600'b —p) 361; Popav, L. cs, f Us
Vernacular names: Aik-murud (Uzbek), Murudkhyrs (Tadzhik).

Shrub or small tree to 10m high, with widely spreading branches and
abundant long slender spines; buds glabrous, acute, with remote, broadly
triangular acuminate scales; shoots reddish brown, later gray; petioles
glabrous, slender, conspicuously thickening at base, long, 2—6 cm; leaves quite

273

357

glabrous, lustrous, light green, thin, to 8-9cm long, pinnatisect,
their sessile, more or less broadly lanceolate lobes parted or con-
fluent, Sometimes, in their turn, deeply pinnatisect, acutely serrate,
acute, 2—5 cm long, 0.3-lcem broad; sometimes some or all leaves
simple, more or less broadly lanceolate, 5—7cm long, 1-—2cm broad;
pedicels 2—3cm long; corymbs many-flowered; flowers 2—2.5cm in
diameter; petals with a very short claw; calyx and receptacle lanate-
pubescent, the pubescence more or less disappearing; fruiting sepals
narrowly long-lanceolate, erect; fruits pyriform, sometimes flattened-
globose, more or less pubescent below calyx, 2—3.5cm long and as
broad. May. (Plate XXI, Figure 4).

Dry stony slopes, rocks, sometimes in valleys on deeper, moist
soils; 1,000—2,000m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al., T. Sh. (W.). Endemic.
Described from Kokand and Zeravshan. Type in Leningrad. ningrad.

Note. Variable in shape of leaves, which sometimes are deeply
dissected into narrow lobes (most frequently in specimens growing
on rocks (f. koopmani Spath)); sometimes, in trees growing in
moister sites and attaining a greater size, most of the leaves are
simple (f. simplicifolia M. Popov).

Economic importance. An extremely drought-resistant pear which
may be widely used for the afforestation of arid regions with poor
soils. Of interest as drought-resistant stock in grafting. Fruit very
tart and sticky. According to M.G.Popov, its hybrids were:
important in the selection of cultivated varieties of Central Asian
pears.

P.regeli Rehd.X P. korshinskyi Litw.— P.bucharica
Litw., 1. ¢.5 oh83-Fedch., 1. cs, 488; Popov, Joe. 400.— According? paves
characters, intermediate between the two parent species: leaves
large, to 13cm long, 4cm broad, some simple, others — mostly those
on vegetative shoots — pinnatisect (var. diversifolia M. Popov),
less often all leaves simple (var. simplicifolia M.Popov); lobes
of dissected leaves broader than in P.regelii; simple leaves,
and lobes of dissected leaves, coarsely and very irregularly duplicato-
dentate; pubescence more or less strong on buds, shoots, sometimes
on leaves, which are partly glabrous. (Plate XXI, Figure 5).

Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al., T. Sh. (W.). Endemic. Described from
Darvaz. Type in Leningrad.

P.regelii Rehd. xX P. communis’ E.— Pivavilovel war
glabra M.Popov, l.c., 404.— Little studied form with characters
intermediate between those of the two parent species. Recorded for
W. Tien Shan along the Pskem River.

274

Genus 727. MALUS * MILL. **
Mill. Gardn. Dict. ed. VIII (1768)

Medium-sized trees, less often shrubs; leaves petiolate, with deciduous
stipules, alternate, revolute in bud, less often plicate, entire or lobed;
flowers in few-flowered umbellate racemes, usually bisexual; petals with
a conspicuous claw, white, pink, or red, slightly pubescent; stamens IMs)"
styles more or less connate, glabrous or more or less hairy (usually at
base); fruit pome, with 2 seeds in each of its 5 locules; testa light brown;
flesh of fruit in USSR species without grit cells. In the USSR the only
representatives are of subgenus Eumalus Zabel, characterized by entire
leaves revolute in bud.

Gals eK SiSteNityim pL ULT ety) <li ANIA Pay oe) lS a tee nD: Renin a 2).
+ Calyx deciduous in fruit, together with upper part of hypanthium. .
cat OTe Hic R 2c) dy Baca RN a Ree RENE tr) ocd ar Ded RARE EE CURRENT EL RS 3 ki igre Se
2. Fruiting sepals free; fruits with a depression at base .....---- a:
ate Sepals connate at base into tube; fruits with almost rounded base.
BANA Selsey) Lee ie Rd Lied neney Re tlle 8. *M. prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh.
3 Wild forms (or introduced into cultivation but little changed, not
Hie otal) yo ayes alc eek PEEPS me aos Eley aa aes ERE & eet 4,
3° Cultivated and escaped forms (of hybrid or unknown origin)
Se pmnae heey, UP RN mia Ah BINNS SN, eel. SWE: RRR, VE tinura gn Pastet les ete ele 7.%*M. domestica Borkh.
4. Adult leaves glabrous on both sides....-+.--- 1.M. silvestris Mill.
42 Adult leaves more or less pubescent below. ..-- ++ +++++ss05 Bip
5. Shrub form with small flowers (to 3cm in diameter), native to Mtn.
"Pon@l<iadly: V5. cid colnh1O, GL ool ach O wala fu cho. 'ce 6. M.turkmenorum Juz. et M. Pop.
ag Gharaciors Hoty asvabove bad peactllbe Puan Psp teieite ee Eas re GE
6. Leaves mostly acutely serrate-dentate (especially in upper part);
fruits small (European and Caucasian f OITEIAS)) jaws). Peles Mere oe ee: cis
358 ots Leaves mostly crenate-serrate or crenate; fruits often rather large,
to 5—(7) em in diameter (Central Asian FETS) 4 er np TE 8.
7. Leaves mostly with rounded base and conspicuous mucro, usually
serrulate-dentate throughout the margin, slightly or moderately hairy
below (South Russian forms) ....-.---- 2. M. praecox (Pall. ) Borkh.
ti Leaves usually with cuneate base, muticous or with inconspicuous
mucro, mostly coarsely serrate-dentate in upper part, mostly with a
strongly developed tomentose pubescence below (Caucasian forms)
Fad, Wadt, (bw sesh! BATI oy shoe adiit ap Ee IE) “Tc 3.M. orientalis Uglitz.
8. Flowers and fruits with or without moderate anthocyan coloring
bah eM, Norah. Apt EU ie, teh Teed Poti Beene ote 4. M. sieversii (Ldb. ) M. Roem.
aa Flowers and fruits dark red......+..---> 5. M. niedzwetzkyana Dieck.
9. Petioles of adult leaves usually glabrous or subglabrous .....-- HO}
=f: Petioles of adult leaves with a more or less dense tomentose
PLIES Ce meee alCNeCei.s gcd = re! an evtaan roi nea rr one pAALE ie ae 77 Se Tals
10. Leaves finely and acutely serrate-dentate; styles much longer than
RSH Ginn as VANE Nae | ly RT RES OE ee 9. M.baccata (L. ) Borkh.
at Leaves crenate-serrate; styles not longer or very slightly longer
than stamens th Osun ee. CURL Le Payee POE aes 2 10. M. pallasiana Juz

* Roman name for apple tree.
** Treatment by S.V.Yuzepchuk.

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399

ilals Leaves entire at least in lower part, sometimes almost throughout
their Lensth, obtuse, or abruptly muerolale (2) espa meee seen aa
Bee RE gy Lh RN eae ipo ry: 11. M. manshurica (Maxim.) Kom.
+ Leaves more or less acutely serrate-dentate almost throughout their
length, with a gradual long sharp point...... 12. M. sachalinensis Juz.

Section 1. PUMILAE Rehder, Man. of cultiv.trees and shrubs N. Amer.
(1927) 391.

Series 1. Silvestres Juz.— Fruiting sepals completely free; fruits more
or less strongly concave at base.

Note. The taxonomy of representatives of this series has been studied
very little; there are basic differences of opinion between the various authors
as to the determination of the number of species and their names. All these
forms are mostly attributed to one polymorphic species called Pyrus
malus L. or Malus communis Lam.; at best this is subdivided into
2 or 3 smaller’ species (often the borderlines between them are unclear
and the names chosen arbitrarily), for example: M.silvestris Mill. and
M.pumila Mill.,or else M.silvestris Mill.,M.dasyphylla Borkh.,
and M.pumila Mill. (see especially the last summing-up article by the
well-known Soviet pomologist V. V. Pashkevich, ''Yablonya'' [The Apple Tree]
in the periodical ''Priroda'' [Nature] 1938, No.5). The study of this group
presents tremendous difficulties (at present insuperable), mainly due to:

(1) the impossibility of differentiating strictly between wild and escaped
forms and, a fortiori, between their hybrids; (2) the very considerable
polymorphism of even undoubtedly wild varieties, which makes it difficult to
apply the geographical-morphological method to this group and to its young,
stillinsufficiently stabilized species; (3) the inexactitude and incompleteness
of herbarium and museum material and of properly performed field
observations. In accordance with the guidelines adopted in this work, we
shall still attempt — partly relying on the recently published work of

G. Koidzumi, ''A Synopsis of the genus Malus, " Acta phytot. et geobot. III,
No. 4 (1934) — a slightly different approach to the material at our disposal,
while specifying that this treatment does not pretend to be definitive,
attempting only to raise a series of questions for future researchers of this
group.

Economic importance. The fruits of the species belonging to this group
are edible, but those of the wild-growing varieties are seldom eaten raw
owing to their high acidity; they are usually dried (for stewed fruit, etc.)
or for the preparation of drinks. Nectariferous. The wood of some forms
finds applications in carpentry and turnery, but is less valuable than pear-
wood, because it warps and splits. See also economic importance data cited
for the individual species.

1. M.silvestris Mill. Gard., Dict. ed. 8 (1768) No.1.—M.acerba
Mérat, Fl. Paris (1812) 187.— M.communis var. sylvest misnBeck hl:
Nied. -Oesterr. (1890) 750.— Pyrus Malus silvestris L., Sp. pl.
(1753) 479.— P.acerba DC., Prodr. II (1825) 635.— P.malus var.
austera Wallr., Schedae crit.(1822) 215.— P.malus var.glabra
W. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. (1837) 235; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II (1844) 95.— Ie.:

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360

361

Peterm., Deutschl. Fl. (1849) tab. 26, f.200; Rchb., Ic., Fl. Germ. XXV (1914)
111; Hepi, Tlustr. FI. Mittel-Eur. IV, 2, f. 1066, 1067, 1068.— Exs.:
Woloszczak, Fl. polon. exsicc. No. 947.

Shrub or tree more than 10m high with divaricate twigs and dark brown,
glabrous or initially loosely hairy, more or less spiny branches; entire ,
plant subglabrous or slightly hairy (especially on scale margins); leaves
broadly ovate, broadly elliptic, or suborbicular, mostly rounded or obtuse
or slightly notched at base, occasionally broadly cuneate, narrowing abruptly
at the apex to short or shortish, slightly oblique sharp point, serrate-
dentate or crenate-serrate, often somewhat biserrate-dentate, the teeth
terminating in a small point (gland), the blade initially covered along the
veins on both sides with a short crisp, later completely disappearing
tomentum, conspicuously paler and somewhat lustrous below; petioles
1—3.5 cm long, loosely tomentose, usually glabrous later; flowers in few-
flowered inflorescences at tips of reduced shoots, to 4 cm in
diameter; pedicels 1—2.5cm long, glabrous or slightly hairy;
hypanthium glabrous or pubescent at base; sepals 5—6mm long,
triangular, more or less long-acuminate, glabrous outside, more or
less tomentose-villous inside; petals 1.3—2 cm long, rounded-ovate or
obovate, abruptly short-clawed, glabrous or slightly pubescent outside,
white or pink, darker outside; stamens ca.10 mm long; styles initially
shorter, later slightly longer than stamens, glabrous, loosely pubescent
only at base, connate only at the very base; stigma capitate, broader than
style; fruits 2—2.5cm in diameter, globose or globose- ovoid, yellow-green,
often slightly reddening on the side facing the sun. May— June.

Deciduous (especially broadleaf) and mixed (with pine) forests and their
derivatives. — European part: Lad. -Ilm., U. Dnp., L. Dnp., U. V., V. -Kama;
reported also for the Caucasus (? ). Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Scand., Atl.
Eur. Described from England. Type unknown.

Economic importance. Owing to its frost resistance, this species is of
great importance for the breeding selection of cultivated forms valuable
for northern regions; for the same reason seedlings of M. silvestris
are successfully used in these regions as stock for cultivated forms.

2. M. praecox (Pall. ) Borkh., Handb. Forstb. II (1803) 1271 saltem
quoad nomen.— Pyrus praecox Pall., Fl. Ross.1 (1784) 22 excl. syn.;
Ldb., Fl. Ross. II (1844) 97.— P. malus auct. plur. Fl. Ross. saltem p. p. —
P.malus 8 tomentosa Ldb.,l.c.,96 p.p.— Pirus Malus var.
rossica et var.Wojejkowii Litw. in Maevskii, Fl. Sr. Ross., ed.5
(1917) 198.— M. pumila auct. plur. saltem p. p. vix Mill.— M.communis
Woron. in Acta Hort. B. Ac. Sc. URSS t. XLIII, fase. 2 (1931) 490.— Ic.:
Woronow, l. c., f. 419, et 420.

Shrub or small or medium-sized tree, with rounded crown and slender,
usually spiny, less often unarmed branches; new annotinous shoots tomentose
only initially, later glabrous, red-brown; second-year shoots gray-brown,
with sparse lenticels, very slightly pubescent; leaves 2— 10cm long,
1—4.8 cm broad, broadly ovate to elliptic or obovate, rounded at base, less
often slightly cuneate or basally notched, obtuse, abruptly tapering to a
short but conspicuous mucro, mostly acutely serrulate-denticulate or
biserrulate, less often crenate-serrate, with apiculate teeth, when young
loosely or sparsely pubescent above, the pubescence later disappearing or

BitT

persisting only along the veins, more densely pubescent below, the finely
tomentose pubescence persisting, but usually only slightly expressed in
adult leaves; petioles 0.6—5cm long, slender, canaliculate, rather sparsely .
pubescent, often subglabrous on lower side; flowers in few-, usually 3—4-
flowered erect, umbellate inflorescences 4—5cm in diameter, with tomentose-
villous pedicels 1—2cmlong; hypanthium densely white-tomentose; sepals
triangular-lanceolate, reflexed, acuminate, with glabrous sharp point,
densely white-tomentose on both sides, less often subglabrous inside; petals
broadly obovate or ovate, abruptly to short-clawed, white or pink, darker
outside; styles about as long as stamens or very slightly longer, glabrous or
tomentose from the base to the middle; stigma capitate, broader than style;
fruits small, ca.2—2.5cm in diameter, mostly globose, yellow, with slightly
tomentose pedicels about as long as the fruit. (Plate XXII, Figure 1).

Broadleaf and mixed forests, forest edges, among shrubs, in S. part along
river valleys.— European part: U. Dnp., U. V., M. Dnp., V.-Don, V. -Kama,
Transv., Bl., L. Don, Crim. ? Described from the banks of the Don and the
Volga.

Endemic. Type unkown (possibly in London); cotype (?) in Leningrad.

Note. The present treatment has given this species a wider scope than
did Pallas — who considered it primarily as a spiny shrub form from the
Don and Volga banks — but less wide than that given to it by C. K. Schneider
(Illustr. Handbuch der Laubholzkunde, Bd. 1(1906) 715); the latter author
included in this species wild Near Asian and Central Asian forms. We have
followed D. I. Litvinov (in herb.) in referring to M. praecox the tall, wild
apple trees from the more southerly regions of the European part of the
USSR, with leaves pubescent below. These forms are sometimes identified
with M.dasyphylla Borkh., Hand. Forstb. II (1803) 1271, but according to
C. K.Schneider (1. c., p. 715) the latter is an escaped form of the cultivated
apple tree, i.e., M.domestica Borkh.; it should be added that all the
W. European material studied and classified as M.dasyphylla Borkh.,
(with one exception) apparently really pertains to the cultivated apple tree.
The usual identification — originally made by Pallas himself — of
M.praecox with such cultivated forms as M.pumila Mill.’s. str. or
M.frutescens Medik. is apparently without foundation.

3. M. orientalis Uglitzkich in sched., cfr. Addenda VIII, p. 378. —
M.pumila Grossh., Fl. Kavk. IV (1935) 287 et auct. Fl. cauc., non Mill. —
P.malus auct. Fl.cauc.— P.malus Btomentosa Ldb., Fl. Ross.

Il (1844) 96 p.p. .

Medium-sized or more or less tall tree, to 10—11m high; branches
usually unarmed; young shoots dark brown, somewhat tomentose, when
adult dark gray with sparse lenticels; leaves 3—8cm long, 1.5—3.5 cm
broad, of variable shape, ovate-lanceolate, oblong, short-elliptic, or
suborbicular, usually cuneately tapering at base, obtuse, less often acuminate
with inconspicuous or rather short mucro, entire at base, otherwise serrate-
dentate, less often crenate-serrate, usually with very large acute or subobtuse
teeth in upper part, thickish; young leaves scattered-hairy above, densely
white-tomentose below, the adult hairy above only along the veins, otherwise
quite glabrous, with strongly impressed lateral veins, rather densely,
sometimes rather sparsely grayish tomentose below, usually very prominently
veined; petioles 0.5—3cm long, she to V as long as the blade, thickish or

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363

rather slender, more or less tomentose; flowers 4— 6 per umbel, ca.4cm

in diameter, with densely tomentose-villous pedicels 8— 12 mm long;
hypanthium obconical, very densely tomentose; sepals rather short, narrowly
triangular, acute, spreading, densely tomentose outside, subglabrous or
slightly tomentose inside; petals obovate, narrowing to a conspicuous claw;
styles about as long as stamens, tomentose at base, otherwise glabrous;
stigmas clavate, narrow; fruits globose, 2—3 cm in diameter, with short,
densely tomentose pedicels 1—2.5 cm long. April— May. (Plate XXII,
Figure 2).

Deciduous (especially broadleaf) mountain forests, forest edges, among
shrubs, on riverbanks. European part: Crim.? -Caucasus: Cisc., Dag. ?,
W., E., and S. Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: As. Min., Iran. Described from the
Caucasus. Type in Leningrad.

Note. M.orientalis is described here only provisionally, since it is
to be described at a later date by Uglitskikh and requires a thorough study
of the relation of its variation limits. Apparently, it is not the only wild
Caucasian apple tree. For instance, the interesting Caucasian dwarf apple
trees originally mainly from Dagestan are not described here due to the
extreme scarcity of material.

4. M.sieversii (Ldb.) M. Roem., Syn. Rosifl. (1830) 216.—Pyrus
ewewee Odbnrl Altyih (1830) 2223" i.db2F). Ross. 11°(1844))97.—
Pyrus n.sp.? Sievers in Pall. N. nord. Beitr. VI (1796) 292.= Pisiaxia=
tilis Schlechtend. in herb. sec. Ldb., Fl. Ross.l.c.,— P.songor W@amHiseh:
in herb.— P.malus et Malus pumila auct. fl. As. Med.— Exs.: Kar. et
Kir. No. 1467. Vernacular name: alma (Kazak).

Tree 2—10 (14) m high, with gray-brown or dark gray trunk and broad
crown; branches thick, usually unarmed, less often spiny; (annotinous shoots
greenish brown, usually more or less anthocyan-colored, more or less
pubescent; second-year shoots dark gray with remote lenticels; leaves
large, 6— 11cm long, 3—5.5 cm broad, short-elliptic to oblong, more or less
cuneate, less often rounded at base, usually abruptly mucronulate, entire
at base, otherwise coarsely and shallowly crenate, less often crenate-serrate,
when adult usually with few hairs only along veins above, with conspicuous
(prominent in dry leaf) veins, somewhat coriaceous, usually rather strongly,
sometimes only slightly tomentose throughout; petioles comparatively short
or rather long, 1.2—3.5 cm, thickish, more or less tomentose; inflorescences
3—5-flowered; flowers large, 3.5—6cm in diameter, with long, tomentose-
villous pedicels; hypanthium densely tomentose -villous; sepals lanceolate,
finely long-acuminate, reflexed, densely tomentose on both sides; petals
white-pink; pistils slightly longer than stamens, tomentose to the middle or
slightly higher; stigma capitate or clavate; fruits rather large (1) 3-4 (7)
em in diameter, mostly globose or flattened-globose, less often slightly
elongated, laterally often angular or ribbed, yellow, often partly anthocyan-
colored; fruiting pedicels mostly long, (1) 2—-4 (5) cm, as long as or longer
than fruit, slightly tomentose-pubescent or subglabrous. April— May.

(Plate XXII, Figure 3).

Mountain forests and slopes, mountain stream valleys.— Centr. Asia:
Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh., Pam. -Al. Gen. distr.; Dzu.-Kash.? Described from the
Ul'dzhar River. Type in Leningrad.

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364

365

Note. Among the apple trees considered as wild, M.sieversii
undoubtedly is the one with characters closest to those of cultivated forms;
it is interesting to note that even early authors had doubts concerning its
"wildness" (Zalesov, for example, judging by the label on one specimen in
the BIN Herbarium). Contemporary Central Asian botanists and travelers,
however, insist that M.sieversii is originally from Central Asia.

M. G. Popov, however admits the possibility of a widespread hybridization
between the wild Central Asian apple trees and forms of M.dome stica
Borkh. (oral communication). ;

Economic importance. Owing to its comparatively large fruit and
gustatory qualities, the Central Asian wild apple tree is of particular economic
interest; in many districts the local population harvests a large yield of
apples.

9. M.niedzwetzkyana Dieck, Neuheiten Offerte des Nat. Arb. Zoschen
(SSI) 1635 Gard i@hront) 1 éoieeol ele Gi iene liGete. Gartenz. (1891)

164 (ubique sphalm. Medwieztz kyana); ibidem 1. c.,(1892) 18: Koehne,
Deutsch, Dendrol. (1893) 259; Koidz.in Acta Phytotaxon. et Geobat. III, No. 4
(1934) 187.— Pyrus niedzwetzkyana Hemsl. Bot. Magaz. LX (1904)
tab. 7975.— Mo pumila var: niedzwetzkyana C.K. Schneid., II]. Handb.
Laubh.1I (1906) 716 et in Fedde, Repert. III (1906) 178; M. Pop. in Bull. Appl.
Bot. XXII, No. 3 (1929) 432.—Ic.: Hemsley, 1.c.; Rev. Hort. (1906) 232.
Vernacular name: kyzyl-alma.

Small tree; branches unarmed, thickish, dark purple; annotinous shoots
black; leaves obovate, elliptic, or oblong, tapering toward both ends, often
cuneate at base, mucronulate, when young loosely tomentose on both sides,
later only below, rather thick, reddish; petioles long, rather slender or
thickish, rather densely tomentose like the midrib; flowers intensely purple,
with slender white-tomentose pedicels; hypanthium and calyx white-
tomentose on both sides; sepals lanceolate, acuminate; styles slightly
shorter than stamens, more or less tomentose-lanate at base; pome dark
violet-red, with pink-purple flesh. Otherwise similar to M. Sienmie suse
(ldb.). M. Roem.

Mountain forests.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Dzu. -Kash. (Kuldja,
Kashgaria). Described after a cultivated specimen grown from seeds of
a plant found in the Ili District. Type unknown.

Note. This interesting form should perhaps have been grouped together
with M.sieversii (Ldb.)M. Roem.,from which it is distinguished only by
the very strong anthocyan coloration of its parts. In addition, transitional
forms (or hybrids — M. Popov, 1. c.) may be found between them.

Economic importance. Cultivated as ornamental and, in its native
habitat, as a fruit-bearing tree. I. V. Michurin used this form, and especially
its hybrids, for selection breeding of apple varieties with red-fleshed fruit.

6. M.turkmenorum Juz. et M. Pop. sp. nova in Addenda VIIL, p. 379.
Ic.: Bogushevsky in Bull. Appl. Bot. VII ser., No.1 (1932) 13, f.10 et 11.
Shrub 2—3m high; annotinous shoots anthocyan-colored, strongly
pubescent; second-year shoots gray, with few lenticels; leaves 6—8cm
long, 3.2 —3.8cm broad, elliptic, acuminate at both ends, conspicuously veined,
with broad, acute teeth, strongly pubescent below; petioles 2—2.5cm long,
pubescent; flowers small, ca.2.5—3 cm in diameter; fruits small, ca.2.5cm

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366

in diameter, globose with broad but shallow depression at base, ribbed,
yellow; calyx closed in fruit, the sepals long, lanceolate, pubescent; fruiting
pedicels dry and long, to 3em; seeds flat and long.

Mountain slopes and gorges. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet Dagh).
Endemic? Described from Mt. Syunt-Dag and the Gyuen Gorge. Type in
Leningrad.

Economic importance. The fruits are small and tasteless, hence the tree
is not valuable for fruit-bearing. However, M.turkmenorum is of
importance as stock for cultivated apple tree varieties, in view of its dwarf
size, drought resistance, and salt tolerance; it has, however, the disadvantage
of forming coppice shoots.

7. *M.domestica Borkh., Handb. Forstb. Il (1803) 1272.— M. pumila
var.domestica C.K. Schneid., I[l. Handb. Laubh. I (1906) RS. Midas 5.
phylla var.domes tica Koidz. in Acta Phytotax. et Geob. TENG 93.4). eo.
Pyrus malus L., Sp. pl. ed. 1 (17,53) 479 5 ae oimmtg ll IlIdomestica
Aschers. et Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. VL 2 (W906) tae le. wouseleurs
Deslongch., Nouv. Duham. VI (181 5) 46—55; Schlechtend., Lange u. Schenk,
Fl. Deutschl. ed. 5, XXV (1886) 2535 (the plate is reproduced in Varlikh,
Russk. lekarstv. rast. (1899) Plate 38); Thomé, Fl. Deutschl. Hl (1888) 421;
C. K. Schneid., l.c., pp. 716, 718.

Small or often rather large tree with spreading crown, divaricate
branches, and robust annotinous shoots; leaves mostly large, of variable
shape, mostly ovate with rounded base, crenate-serrate, with persistent
pubescence on both sides (much less strong above), short-petioled; flowers
large, white or pink, usually darker on the outside, with rather short or
short white-tomentose pedicels; hypanthium and calyx densely tomentose;
fruits usually large, more than 3 cm in diameter, short-stalked. April —
May.

Many varieties cultivated in gardens, often escaping. Gen. distr.:
now distributed throughout the world. Described after acultivated specimen.

Note. A large number of cultivated forms derived from various wild
apple tree species and races have been artificially grouped under the name
M.domestica; it is therefore unavoidable that the morphological
characteristic of this complex should be rather indistinct. It would have
been more correct to distinguish within the limits of the composite concept
M.domestica a Series of quite definite types differing in their origin —
however, a rational classification of cultivated apple trees is entirely a
thing of the future. Some varieties or groups of varieties have already
acquired in the literature various binomial designations; such are, for
instance, M.pumila Mill. Gard., Dictweds VIIIM 1768) Ss. Stra, M.irutescens
Medik., Geschich. d. Bot. (1793) 78. M.acsuracaniea Dum: -Cours. Sot.
ed. 2, V (1811) 426, M.costata Hort.,M.conocarpa Hort., M.striata
Hort., M.strepens Hort.,M.prasom ila Hort., M.megamila Hort.,
and several others. M.dolichomorpha Juz. ined., cultivated in the
USSR mainly in the Crimea and the Caucasus, should also be mentioned,
as should the "kandil-sinap" group of varieties characterized, among other
things, by their pyramidal crown and elongated fruits.

Economic importance. The fruits are used raw, dried, cooked. canned,
for the making of jam, marmalade, pastilles, cider, etc. The sap contains
sugars (glucose, fructose, saccharose), malic acid, tannins and albumins,

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369

the respective quantities varying from one variety to another. The
apples also contain a certain amount of vitamins A, B, and C.

Series 2. Prunifoliae Juz. — Fruiting sepals connate at base into tube, |
acuminate; fruits with almost rounded base. |

8. *M. prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh., Handb. Forstb. II (1803) 1278. —
M.hybrida Lois. -Deslongch. in Nouv. Duham. VI (1815) 140.— Pyrus
prunifolia Willd., Phytogr. I (1794) 8.— Ic.: Lois. -Deslongch., l.c.,
tab. 42, f.1; Bot. Mag. tab. 6158; C.K. Schneid., III. Handb. Laubh. I (1906)
718,720. Vernacular names: yablonya kitaiskaya [Chinesel, kitaika.

Small tree to 10m high, the branches pubescent when young; leaves ovate
or elliptic, abruptly acuminate, regularly and acutely serrulate, initially
scattered-hairy below, later glabrous or pubescent only along the veins with
slender petioles IE as long as or equal to the blade; flowers white; sepals
lanceolate, divergent, glabrous or tomentose inside, sometimes also pubescent
outside but less densely so, persistent in fruit, but connate at base into short
tube; petals short-clawed; fruits to 2cm in diameter, globose or ovoid, very |
slightly concave at base, yellow or red. |

Cultivated in gardens. Gen. distr.: known beyond all doubt only in
cultivation (believed to be native to N. China). Described after a cultivated
specimen. Type in Berlin.

Note. A hybrid origin (M.pumila Mill X M.baccata (L.) Borkh.)
is often attributed to this plant; this opinion has, however, been disputed
(Rehder, Asami); compare C.G.Dahl.,Malus prunifolia Borkh. etc.,
Svensk. Bot. Tidskr. Bd. 30, H. 3 (1936) 483—392. Varies mainly in size and
color of fruit. — Apart from the true M.prunifolia, the closely related
M.cerasifolia Spach, Hist. Veg. Il (1834) 152, is also sometimes cultivated
in gardens. It differs from the former mainly in its partly or
completely caducous fruiting calyx, and is usually taken for a hybrid of |
M.prunifolia K M.baccata. |

Economic importance. Cultivated as ornamental; the fruits are known
in the Soviet Union as ''Chinese apples" or ''paradise apple'’ and are used
for jam. This species and its hybrids have acquired a considerable
importance for selection breeding especially that of frost-resistant varieties.
Especially significant results were achieved by M. I. Michurin, who succeeded
in creating a number of most valuable varieties suited to the Far North
by hybridization of different varieties of M.domestica with M.pruni-
Polar

Section 2. BACCATAE Rehder, Man. of Cultiv. Trees and Shrubs |
N. Amer. (1927) 391. |

9. ¥*M. baccata (L.) Borkh., Handb. Forst. Bot. IT (1803) 1290.— Pyrus
baccata L., Mant. pl. 1 (1767) 75 excl. syn. Ammani et loc. nat. —P.micro-
carpa Wendl. ex C. Koch, Dendrol. I (1869) 211.— Pyrus vel M.sinensis
hort. fide C. K. Schneid., IJ. Handb. Laubh: II (1906) 721.—?P.baccata
var.a) genuina, 8) praecox,y) aurantiaca, 6) latifolia Rgl.in
Gartenfl. (1862) 202.—Ic.: J. Kern., Abbild. Oekon. Pfl. VIII (1796) 756;

C. K. Schn., III. Handb. I (1906) 718, 720.

PLATE XXII. 1—Malus praecox (Pall.) Borkh., branchlet with flowers: a) leaf, b) style, c) fruit;
2—M.orinetalis Uglitz., flower: a) leaf, b) fruit; 3—M.sieversii (Ldb.) M.Roem., branchlet with
fruits (immature): a) leaf; 4—M.pallasiana Juz.,branchlet with flowers: a) leaf, b) fruits;
5—M.manshurica (Maxim.) Kom., branchlet with fruits: a) leaf; 6-M.sachalinensis Juz,
branchlet with fruits: a) leaf.

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370

Small tree to 10m high; young branches glabrous; leaves to 6cm long,
elliptic, ovate, or oblong, rounded or somewhat narrowed at base, acute or —
abruptly acuminate, mucronulate, acutely serrate-dentate, glabrous or
initially pubescent along the veins, with long, glabrous petioles; stipules
glabrous; flowers few (to 8) in each umbellate inflorescence; pedicels
(especially in fruit) shorter than in the following species, 1—38 cm long,
glabrous; sepals twice as long as hypanthium, lanceolate, glabrous outside
like the hypanthium, tomentose inside; petals obovate or oblong, glabrous;
styles much longer than stamens, glabrous or lanate at base; fruits globose,
to lem long, somewhat depressed, concave at base and apex, yellow,
reddening in the sun.

Cultivated in gardens. Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch.? Described after a
cultivated specimen. ‘Type in London.

Note. C.K. Schneider, 1.c., 721, has drawn attention to the differences
between the typical M.baccata, known in cultivation, and the Siberian forms
which even Linnaeus considered as belonging here.

Economic importance. Ornamental. Like the following species
important for selection breeding (by crossing with cultivated varieties) of
particular frost-resistant varieties with small fruit called "crab-apples";
these are not very tasty.

10. M.pallasiana Juz.nom.nov.— Pyrus baccata Pall., Fl. Ross.

t. ip. 1.(1784) 23; Ldba-Fl. Ross. Il (1844); non L) s. sty, — Reo acecma
var.sibirica Maxim. in Mél. biol. [IX (1873) 166; Bull. Ac. Pétersb. XIX
(1874) 170.— Malus baccata var.a.sibirica C.K. Schneid., III

Handb. Laubh. 1 (1906) 720.— M.sibirica Kom.in Kom. et Klobuk. -Alis.,
Key for the Pl. of the Far East. Reg. II (1932) 638, non Borkh. — Ic.: Pall.,
l.c., tab. X.— Exs.: HFR No.1162. Vernacular name: yablonya sibirskaya
[Siberian].

Small tree with short, mostly flexuous trunk and rounded crown; bark
rugose, scabrous, ash-gray; branches virgate, red-brown, glabrous; leaves
2.5—8cm long, 1.3—5.5cm broad, ovate or short-elliptic, rounded or
narrowed at base, abruptly mucronate, obtusely crenate-serrate throughout
the margin, slightly pubescent when young along the midrib above, later
usually glabrous on both sides, the petiole rather long, 1.2 —4 cm, somewhat
pubescent, usually quite glabrous near the tip; stipules narrowly linear,
glabrous; flowers 2—4cm in diameter, 4—8 in each umbel, with very
long, slender, glabrous pedicels 1.5—4.5cm long; hypanthium tubular-
campanulate, constricted in upper part, glabrous; sepals spreading, linear-
lanceolate, acute, more or less tomentose, usually only inside,sometimes on
both sides; petals oblong-ovate, tapering at base to a short claw, white;
stamens ca. 20, less than half as long as petals; styles 0.5—1cm long,
as long as or very slightly longer than stamens, villous at base, occasionally
glabrous (var.leiostyla Rupr.); fruits small, to 1.cm long, globose,
yellow with reddish tinge, long-pediceled. (Plate XXII, Figure 4).

H’orests, forest edges and shrubs, mainly in valleys and along riverbanks —
EK. Siberia: Ang. -Say., Dau.; Far East: Ze. -Bu., Uda, Uss. Gen. distr.:

Jap. -Ch., Mong. Described from Transbaikalia. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Following V. L. Komarov, we consider this plant as a separate
species distinct from the true M.baccata (L.) Borkh. known only in
cultivation. However, the name M.sibirica (Maxim.) Kom. used by

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372

Vv. L. Komarov cannot be retained owing to the existence of an earlier
homonym M.sibirica Borkh., attributed by C. K. Schneider (with a
question mark) to the synonyms of M.astracanica Dum. ~Cours. (see
note to M.domestica).

Economic importance. As for the preceding species.

11. M.manshurica (Maxim.) Kom. in Tr. pochv. -bot. eksp. issled. Az,
Rossii, Vol. Il, 1913, No. 2,1917) 98,nom.; Skvortzow in Bull. Jard. Bot. Rep.
Russe, t. XXIV (1925) 146.—Pyrus baccata var.manshurica Maxim.
in Mél. biol. 1X (1873) 166; Bull. Acad. Pétersb. XIX (1874) 170.— Malus
baccata var.manshurica C.K. Schneid., Ill. Handb. Laubh. I (1906) 721
et in Fedde, Repert. III (1 906) 178.— Malus baccata var. manshur Vea
f.latifolia Koidz., Consp. Rosac. Jap. (1913) 84.—M.manshurica
var.genuina et var.Gordeievi Skvortzow, l.c.,— Ics: C.K. Schneid:,
Ill. Handb. Laubh. 1 (1907) 718; WLikchonos, Selektsia yabloni [Apple Selection!
(1936) 134, f. 26.

Tree to 30m high with black bark; young branches reddish yellow,
glabrous; leaves broadly oval, ovate, or obovate, usually rounded at base,
less often somewhat narrowed, abruptly short-acuminate, usually crenulate-
dentate, less often irregularly denticulate, especially in upper half, subentire
in lower half, sometimes throughout margin, pubescent when young,
especially below, when adult pubescent only along the veins below, less often
finely tomentose throughout lower surface; petioles long, 1—4cm, finely
tomentose; stipules mostly pubescent; flowers 3—8in each umbellate
inflorescence at tips of reduced shoots, 3—4cm in diameter, aromatic;
pedicels 2.5—4cm long, pubescent or glabrous; hypanthium tomentose or
glabrous; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, tomentose on both sides or only
inside; petals 18—22 mm long, oblong, white, often slightly pink outside;
stamens 18—22; styles 8—8.5 mm long, as long as stamens, villous at base;
fruits 9—15 mm long, 9—12 mm in diameter, usually oblong, less often
globose. (Plate XXII, Figure 5).

Riverbanks. — Far East: Uss.Gen.distr.: Jap. -Ch.(N. Manchuria).
Described from Pos'et Bay and other sites in Manchuria and the Ussuri
region. Type and paratype in Leningrad.

12. M.sachalinensis Juz. nov. spec. in Addenda VIII, p.493.— M.baccata
var.sachalinensis Kom.in sched.— M.manshurica Koidz. in Acta
Phyt. et Geob. III (1934) 182 p. p. (quoad pl. sach. ).

Shrub, similar to M.manshurica, from which it is distinguished by its
gradually long-acuminate leaves, subacutely or acutely serrate-dentate
almost throughout their length, coarsely, acutely, and finely duplicato-~
dentate toward the apex; petioles less densely but stil] conspicuously
pubescent; pedicels glabrous; hypanthium and calyx mostly glabrous
outside, less often rather sparsely tomentose; fruits globose or slightly
oblong. June. (Plate XXII, Figure 6).

River valleys. — Far East: Sakh. Endemic. Described from Sakhalin.
Type in Leningrad.

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373

Genus 728. SORBUS L.
L. Sp. pl..(1153), 477

Flowers in more or less many-flowered, corymbiform inflorescences.
Hypanthium urn-shaped; sepals 5, triangular; petals orbicular or ovate,
with or without short claw, white or yellowish white, less often pink. Stamens
15—25. Carpels 2—5, adnate by the back to the urn-shaped hypanthium,
each carpel with 2 ovules, one of which usually does not reach maturity.
Stigma flat, not broader than style. Fruit globose or ovoid, red, yellow, or
light brown, the cell walls hard or membranous. Seeds oblong, triangular,
acute at both ends. Trees or shrubs, mostly with deciduous stipulate leaves,
widespread in the Temperate Zone of the northern hemisphere. Type species
of the genus is S.aucuparia orS.domestica.

ile Leaves imparipinnate, with serrate leaflets -................

Pia ai 8 erga sate Hh lg Mana ga ee cat Subgenus 1. Eu-Sorbus Kom.
ar Leave Simple, entire or pinnatisect, sometimes pinnate only at

SRE ye Ae sen eR Utena hs Subgenus 2. Hahnia Medik. (see p. 296).

Subgenus 1. Eu-Sorbus Kom.* — Leaves imparipinnate, with serrate leaflets.
Carpels mostly adnate to hypanthium only to "/3, usually connate only in
lower part, free in upper part, less often completely connate. Styles 2—5
(mostly 3), usually free. Cell walls membranous, less often rather hard.

Ie) Sayles DA tcoitns elon yninioica os 5 585 5 6 es BS eS 1.5. domestica L.
Ti Styles 2—4; fruits usually red, less often yellow, ovoid or globose -
wal BS as [ehh p>, oh nad Cong ele otk cout CR ee St cua ate tne, i a 2.
2. Shrubs; leaves dark green above, lustrous, as if slightly varnished
sisushst. VP Boca eden, pela Phen 8 sfc espe Se ua eal Mae Ds pay ie A Se cag ae ae rr 3.
st; Trees sometimes accidentally shrublike (always shrubs in the Far
North); leaves: arayishvereen and dullleabeve sees nth eae 4.
3d. | sleaves 4- or Dopaired; petals slabrous! aAbOVie: jos.)

ee POP MY Nap yk 5 CARE: Pe eM Rs la An San 2.S.sambucifolia Trautv.
+ Leaves 5- or 6-paired; petals with lanate beards in the middle of .

UPMELASUPTACGE Hamam pus Maal Oe, en egn a poms 5. S. schneideriana Koehne.
4. Leaves glabrous below, with no hairs even along the veins;

iIntlorescence branches also \olabirouses: je aae Pree ee SENS 5.
cts Leaves more or less hairy below, when old hairy only along the

TOA WETE ND yw asiocti sk gps, ac ny Vd war std pe a asc Bea Waid i g_ cy. Goee SMa cluaid ag rr ileic
De Inflorescence impoverished, less than 5cm in diameter ........ 6.
ar Inflorescence developed, considerably more than 5 (mostly more

tiara, 1 O,)icam: dn yim Str .. chet onis et yy ci feieS henas 2 Wleyescieseml mice taal ee UG
6.) gasepalls cwilltla tf ewellbaues FO Cae ssc cui cee oie dd ia 6. polaris Koehne.
it: Sepals wal Moul, WeaieS Or VCulia ye coeur ce neice 12.5. anadyrensis Kom.
(2 Leaves devoid of pubescence but grayish owing to their peculiar

epidermal StU CEU Sy oe ok uct ott alee adi vein [ee aimee) (oo ye er 8.
+ Leaves pale preen or light green below =: - ~~ = -(-0. ean eee 1

* Treatment by V.L.Komarov.

I

374

8. Sepals glandular-ciliate on the margin, the base plumose, often
glabrescent later (smooth variety of common Sor bu's)'! 0°. ).
PONG He ee ee ee a ne rn ee ty eae S. aucuparia var. glabra Gilib.

+ Sepals without hairs or with simple unicellular hairs.......... $).
9. Some stipules not deciduous, broad, with large teeth, leaflets often
entire from base with teeth in upper part... . 8.5. amurensis Koehne.
+ Stipules usually all deciduous; leaflets more regularly serrate...
ey SERA AER ELEY On ee Siento hie, CPE TA, <a OE WY (TURE ORM ee RANE ow LAS Gas Ca? 10.
LQ. Leaflets rather narrow, Seldom more than 1].5cm broad ........
ee en me at saer eS oe EAR REE EN Oe 7.S. sibirica Hedl.
+ Leaflets rather broad, more than 2cm broad and firmer........
SE eae Ae Nh rie Pets ER OOD a 214 SARS ay 9.S. Boissieri C.K. Schn.
Tice Flowers to 2cm indiameter; inflorescence branches red; fruits
Maes ir Caeanae ter ean er. cet ee LY! aCe SRR 13.8. tianshanica Rupr.
ae: Flowers ca.1cm in diameter; inflorescence branches only
occasionally reddening; fruits less than 1cm in diameter....... 1
12. Inflorescence spreading; leaves longer, the leaflets acutely biserrate,
HCE FECL ONOeCIcar Stave. «5 ee) ete Ma enter ent 10.S. commixta Hedl.
+ Inflorescence more condensed; leaves shorter, the leaflets serrate
Ry Mbdat ieee aM ts ek SUS cee Re ele kel 11.8. kamtschatcensis Kom.
13. Leaflets thin, usually short-acuminate or even subobtuse, plumose-

pubescent below; common petiole and inflorescence axes densely
lanate, the axes spreading; inflorescence ca.10cm and flowers
ca.l10mm in diameter; calyx teeth short, deltoid; fruits globose, only
slightly longer or shorter than their diameter..... 4.S. aucuparia L.
= Leaves firm, often mucronate, with scattered lanate hairs on both
sides; common petiole and erect inflorescence branches glabrous or
very slightly pubescent; inflorescence 6—8cm and flower to 12mm
in diameter; calyx teeth with convex sides above; fruits usually
Remo TRAN LOA AEH ot MESS BUS 5. S. glabrata Hedl.

Note. Not included inthe hybridtablebetweenS.aucuparia and
S.fennica. The hybrid is easily distinguished by its very large terminal leaflet.
Itis indicatedfor SW Finland, and occurs in the Soviet Union only in gardens.
Italsobears the speciesname S.meinichii Hedl.

Section 1. CORMUS Spach, Hist. Vég. Phan. II (1834) 96, pro gen. —
Ovary of 5 connate carpels; styles 5, free or slightly connate, hairy at base;
petals with beards at base; fruits large, 1.5—3cm long.

1. S.domestica L., Sp. pl. (1753) 477; C.K. Schn., III Laubholzk. I, 683;
Hayek, Prodr. Fl. Balc. I, 747; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 353; K. Zelenetsk., Fl. Kryma
(1905), 253; Medved., Der. i kust. Kavk. (1919) 120; Grossg., Fl. Kavk.

IV, 287.— Pirus domestica Sm., Engl. bot. V (1796) 350.—Cormus
domestica Spach,l.c.,97.— Mespilus domestica All., Fl. Pedem.
Il (1785) 141.— Pyrus sorbus Gaertn., De fruct. et semin. II (1788)

43, tab. 87.— Fench; sorbier, cornier; German: Seierling; Serbian:
oskwausha.

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375

Tree 4—10m high; bark scabrous, gray, on young branches olive-gray
or red-brown: buds glabrous, glutinous, Somewhat pubescent at the ends; |
leaves 7—10-paired, to 20cm long, lanceolate, acute; leaflets broad, |
30—50 mm long, 15—20 mm broad, or else narrow, 40—50 mm long,15—20 mm
broad, acutely serrate, smooth above, deep green, initially tomentose like |
the petioles, loosing their pubescence at maturity; inflorescence branching, |
densely tomentose, broadly pyramidal, 6—10cm diameter; flowers 1.5cm
in diameter; fruits globose (var.pomifera Hayne) or pyriform (var. |
pyrifera Hayne), greenish yellow or red, often brownish red; seeds
flattened, with subacute margin. Fl. May, fr. September — October.

Deciduous forests on mountain slopes. — European part: Crim. (southern
slopes of the Crimean Mountains); Caucasus: Cisc. (until now doubtful;
most probably in mountains near Novorossiisk). Gen. distr.: mountains of
Bal. -As. Min., Med., S. part of Centr. Eur. Cultivated in gardens of Central
and Atlantic Europe and sometimes escaping.

Note. Wood fine-grained, hard, heavy, reddish white, used for furniture,
lathework, and small carvedarticles. The fruitis used for kvass (a fermented
drink), jam, etc. According to Hegi, one tree yields from 6 to 10 centners* of
fruit.

Section 2. AUCUPARIA Medik. Phil. Bot. I (1789) 138. — Ovary of 2—4,
rarely 5 carpels connate below, free in upper part; styles 2—4, rarely 9,
free; fruits small, usually less than 1.5cm in diameter.

Series 1. Lucidae Kom.— Shrubs; leaflets lustrous above, dull below,
smooth; winter buds glutinous, smooth or slightly rufous-pubescent.

2. S.sambucifolia Roem., Syn. Mon. III (1847) 139; Hedlund in Sw. Vet.
Akad. Handl. 35 (1901) No.1, 37; Kom., Fl. Kamch. Il, 237; Hulten, Fl.
I<evonrela, Wl 4490 = IP yrie ws (s orbus) sambucifolia Cham. et Schlecht.
in Linnaea II (1827) 36 et in Linnaea VI (1831) 590; Ldb., Fl. Ross. I,
992—Ies: Kom, 1: ¢-, tab: XVIIIE "C3k- Schn.; Tl. Eaubholziks iGo e=ernoem at
name: ryabinnik. "

Shrub to 1—2m high; young branches erect, dark brown with glaucous
bloom, the old branches yellowish gray or gray with very conspicuous
lenticels; buds acute, more or less glutinous, glabrous, less often slightly
pubescent, the scales Sometimes ciliate-margined; leaves pinnate, with
7—15 oval or oval-lanceolate, acute or acuminate leaflets, dark green and
lustrous above, pale below, coarsely serrate, often with soft white hairs as
on the veins; the blade 10—18cm long, 6 —12 cm broad, the leaflets 3—8cm
long, 1 —2.5cm broad; stipules rufous-pubescent, lanceolate, early
deciduous; common petiole reddish; inflorescence compound corymb
5—10cm in diameter, its branches and pedicels with sparse rufous hairs;
flowers ca.12 mm in diameter, reddish or white; sepals deltoid, straight, .
entire, Slightly pubescent only on the margin; petals reddish or white,
glabrous above; ovary rather sparsely tomentose, gray; bracts early
deciduous, narrowly linear, ferruginous, lanate; fruits succulent, bright red,
ellipsoid, globose, or oblong, acid but pleasant to the taste, extremely

* [Metric centner = 100kg.]

288

376

377

abundant; in immature fruit the divergent calyx teeth forming a rather
large crown. Fl. June—July, fr. September — October.

Growing in large masses in undergrowth of Betula ermani forests,
also together with alder and Siberian stone pine stands in subalpine shaul
thickets near the upper timberline, occasionally forming pure stands; in
addition, occurs at forest edges and in separate groups; always on dry sandy
or stony soils.— Arctic: An.; Far East: Kamch., Okh., Sakh. Gen. distr.:
Kurile Islands, S. Sakh. Described from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii.

Economic importance. Shelter and fodder for cattle. The fruits make
good jams.

3. §.schneideriana Koehne in Fedde, Repert. X (1912) 503; Kom. and
Alis., Opred. II,637.— Pyrus sambucifolia Maxim. Prim., Fl. Am. (1859)
(1859) 103 (non Cham. et Schltd.).— Local names: Mis'la, Mirentschura,
Mirengkola.

Shrub 1—2.5m high; branches 2mm in diameter; stipules small,
lanceolate, with rufous hairs, with few long brown-black cilia on the margin;
leaves 11.5—14cm long, 5- or 6-paired; leaflets oblong, short-acuminate,
entire in lower part, doubly incised-serrate higher, 3.5—4.5 cm long;
inflorescence ca.8cm in diameter, rather loose, smooth, its lower branch
remote; sepals ciliate; petals barbate above, as long as stamens; carpels
tomentose at the apex; pistils hairy at base; fruits bright red, ovoid-
globose. Fl. June, fr.September. (Plate XXIII, Figure Die

Woody mountain slopes, mainly along banks of forest brooks, forest
edges, often together with alders.— Far East: Uss.— in the 58., at upper
timberline below balds. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Korea). Described from
the lower reaches of the Amur.

Series 2. Aucupariae Kom.— Winter buds with a more or less dense
white sericeous pubescence or glabrous but not glutinous; petioles of lower
leaflets 25—40mm long; leaves 4—8-paired; leaflets 3 times as long as
broad; stamens as long as petals; carpels quite free in upper part; fruits
slightly concave above, the fleshy sepals horizontally involute.

4. §.aucuparia L., Sp. pl.(1753); Hedlund in Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 35, I,
46; Shmal'g., Fl. 1,353; Mela Suomen Kasvio 358; Perfil'ev, Fl. Sev. Kraya
II, 173; Rollov, Dikor. r. Kavkaza, 481; Grossgeim, Fl. Kavkaza IV, 287;
id. Hikoss. Wy 100.— Pyrus aucuparia Gaertn., de fruct: et semin.

II (1788) 45, tab. 87. Finnish name: Kotipihlaj.

Tree 4—15m, even to 20m high, with gray, smooth bark and pubescent
young branches; buds tomentose; leaves 4—7-paired, the leaflets oblong
or oblong-lanceolate, entire in lower part, serrate higher, mat-green above,
glaucous or grayish below, more or less hairy (sometimes quite glabrous
and firmer, var.glabra Gilib., Fl. lithuan. V (1782) 233, pro sp.),
inflorescences pubescent, less often inflorescence branches glabrous,
5—10cm in diameter; flowers 0.8—1.5cm in diameter, with a rather sharp
odor of trimethylamine; calyx more or less lanate, later glabrescent, its
teeth with glandular cilia on the margin; petals white, orbicular,4—5mm
long, the upper surface lanate, pubescent from base; stamens 20, as long
as petals; styles 3 (less often 2, 4, or 5), free, hairy in lower part; fruits

va

289

378

subglobose, bright red at maturity, 9—10mm in diameter; seeds usually 3,
narrowly oblong, acute, reddish. Fl. May—July, fr.September. Forest
edges, glades,undergrowth, less often meadows, also rocky or stony sites,
riverbanks bluffs, etc.; often planted near houses and in orchards. —
European part: Kar. -Lap., Dv. -Pech. (WwW. part), ads Maas We Vien. i ceuraaicls
U: Dnp.; Mi Dnp.; Vv. =Don, Transv.,’Crim-; “Caucasus: Cise., Dag., Ee ang

S. Lranse:) halaiGenndistiress Awe. (Iceland), peand., Gentes Hures vAtl etnies.
Bal. -As. Min. Described from N. Europe. Type in London.

Economic importance. Wood fine-grained, reddish, lustrous, hard,
polishes well, furnishes good material for turning and furniture, etc.,
mainly for machine parts such as blocks, rollers, and cogs, requiring great
strength. The bark contains 7.26 % tannin compounds (Wehmer I, 448), the
fruits malic and citric acids, 4— 8% dextrose, also traces of hydrocyanic
acids, (harmless); used for infusions, vinegar, vodka, marmalade, jam,
pastilles, etc. The seeds contain 21.9% fatty oils and the glucoside
amygdalin; the young branches furnish a black dye. Reproduces in
cultivation by roots suckers.

Note. The Caucasian Sorbus with smooth, rather firm leaves forms
"islands'' among S.aucuparia, and will be separated as an independent
Species if distinguishing characters can be ascertained.

5. S.glabrata Hedlund in Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 35,1 (1901) 45.—
S.aucuparia var.glabrata (Hedl.) Perfil'ev, Fl. Sev. Kr. II, 173 (non
Wimm. et Grab.).

Shrub 1—2m high; winter buds densely sericeous-pubescent; leaflets
acute, tapering to a sharp point, firm, with very sparse scattered pubescence
on both sides, acutely serrate; common petiole, petiolules and angles
of veins much less pubescent below than in S.aucuparia, but peduncle
often densely lanate; inflorescence 6—8cm in diameter, with strongly
declinate branches; flowers often large, to 12mm in diameter; calyx teeth
longer than broad, with rounded margins, fruits slightly elongated. Fl. July,
fr. September.

River valley terraces and slopes.— Arctic: Arc. Eur. Gen. distr.:

N. Scand. As far east as the Bol'shezemel'skaya Tundra (Andreev).
Described from the Kola Peninsula. Type in Lund.

Note. In his monograph (p. 45), Hedlund confuses this tree with the
smooth-leaved form S.aucuparia L. from Central Europe, first recorded
by Gilib. in his Fl. lithuan. V, 233.

6. S.polaris Koehne in Fedde, Repert. X (1912) 502.

Shrub 1m or more high; branches ca.8mm in diameter; buds ca.8mm
long, often densely white-tomentose in upper part; stipules small, lanceolate,
caducous; leaves together with petiole 1.5—2cm broad, 7—12 cm long, 5- or
6-paired; common petiole wingless, slender, with long hairs on upper surface
at base of leaflets, otherwise glabrous or subglabrous, the intervals
between leaflets 0.8—1.4cm long; leaflets diminishing upward and downward,
broadly lanceolate, the middle leaflets 3—4cm long, 0.7—1.3 cm broad,
acute, entire from base, acutely serrulate higher up, with 8—20 teeth on each
side, paler below, green, smooth, with 12—16 slender, inconspicuous veins
on each side; inflorescence 2.5—3cm in diameter, 4.5—5 cm long, glabrous
or scattered-hairy, few-flowered; calyx glabrous or subglabrous, its teeth

290

(379)

07; Ay NS N
SA ¥ Posy XS

Pann ~
ge 4 RON ~ Sc

PLATE XXIII. 1—Sorbus amurensis Koehne: a) flower,b) fruit,c) stipule, d) bud;
2—S.schneideriana Koehne: a) flower,b) fruit,c) stipule,d) bud.

291

381

with few hairs; petals 3mm long, broadly rounded, with beards above from
base, as long as stamens; carpels 3, rarely 4, with hairy apex. Fl. end of
June—July, fr. September. (Plate XXIV, Figure ie

River valley terraces and slopes.— Arctic: Arc.Sib. Described from
the Shchuch'ya River, north of the Ob River mouth and the Arctic Circle.
Type in Germany. In the Leningrad Herbarium these are closely related
forms from the Polui and Nadnya rivers, which — like the Shchuch'ya River —
flow into the Ob Gulf but farther east.

Note. The Arctic form is easily distinguished from S.sibirica Hedl.
by its smallinflorescences, impoverished pubescence, short stamens, and
number of carpels.

7. §.sibirica Hedl. in Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 35,1(1901) 44; Perfil'ev, Fl.
Sev. Kraya. 11 173; Koehne in Fedde, Repert. X (1912) 502.— S.auec uparia
ssp.Sibirica (Hedl.) Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. (1933) 1464.— Pyrus aucu-
paria Turcz., Fl. baic. -dah. II, 412.

Tree 3—10m high; winter buds glabrous or covered with short, scattered,
slender hairs; summer buds and the young branches pubescent; leaves
10—20cm long, 8—12cm broad; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, 3.5—5 cm long,
1—1.5cm broad, green and smooth above, gray-green with papillate epiderm
below, more or less pubescent along the midrib, with 5—10 pairs of lateral
veins, serrate-dentate; inflorescences dense, broad, 6—8cm jong, ye IP Cian
broad, their branches glabrous or scattered-hairy; stamens /4 longer
than white orbicular petals; corolla 7—9mm in diameter; calyx subglabrous,
with broadly deltoid teeth; pistils 3 or 4; apex of ovary and base of style
long-hairy. Fl. June, fr. August-September.

Forest-tundra,forest zone to edge of steppe,coniferous and deciduous
mountain forests.— Arctic: Arc. Eur. and Sib. European part: Dv. -Pech.,
V.-Kama; W. Siberia: Ob, U. Tob.(NE part), Irt., Alt.; E.Siberia: Yenis.,
Lena-Kol., Ang. -Say., Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu. and Uss. Gen. distr.: Mong.
(N. mountains), the northern limit, according to Krylov, on the Yenisei
69°40' N, in the Urals 61°45'N., the southern limit 48°. Described from
Siberia, probably from Asinovo village on the Yenisei.

Note. A species replacing S.aucuparia L. but well differentiated
from its European forms. The comparison with S.glabra Gilib. is an
unfortunate one. Sorubus altaica, described by E. Koehne (in Fedde,
Repert. X, 1912, 505) after the very unsufficient material collected by
O. Duhmberg in 1881 in Barnaul, differs in the shape and serration of its
leaflets, the absence of papillae on their lower surface, and the presence of
3 carpels. No one else reports this form, and there is no reason to think
that there is a Separate species of mountain ash growing near Barnaul.

The same can be said about S.aucuparia var.dumbergii Koehne in
Fedde, Repert. X (1912) 504. Both these plants have been defined by
C.K. Schneider as S.sibirica. The originals—Duhmberg Nos. 996 and
997 —are preserved in Berlin.

8. S.amurensis Koehne in Fedde, Repert. X (1912) 513; Nakai in Fl.
Sylv. Koreana VI (1916) 22. —=Pyrus”aucuparia Maxim., Prim: Pl Ami.
(1859) 103.—Sorbus aucuparia Kom., Fl. Manshur. II, 472.—Ic.:
Nakai, l.c., tab. 2.

292

(382

383

Tree 4—8m high; bark gray with dark, numerous, horizontal lenticels;
young branches reddish with white linear or oblong lenticels, 2.5—5mm
in diameter; buds more densely sericeous-lanate in their upper part some
stipules linear, caducous, others broad, coarsely dentate, green; leaves
together with petiole 2.8—3.5cm broad, 15.5—21 cm long, 5—7-paired;
common petiole slender, wingless, hairy in places, but smooth in larger part;
lower leaflets petiolulate, the upper sessile, linear or broadly lanceolate,
4—5.5cm long, 1.3—1.6 cm broad, entire from base (some to the middle),
acutely serrulate in upper part, with a long or short sharp point, smooth and
dark green above, pale gray-green and glabrous or slightly hairy at base
below, the lateral veins 15—20 pairs, inconspicuous; inflorescence ca 13cm
in diameter, 11cm long, glabrous or slightly hairy; calyx glabrous or hairy
with ciliate teeth; petals 4mm long, orbicular, lanate-barbate at base
above, slightly shorter than stamens; styles 3, lanate at base; fruits bright
red, globose,6—7mm in diameter. Fl. May—June, fr. September — October.
(Plate XXIII, Figure 1).

Mountain forests, especially on rocky slopes and among large stones,
along streams and on afforested river islands.— Far East: Ze. -Bu., Uda,
Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap. -Ch.(Korea-Manchuria). Described from the Amur
after Maximowicz's specimen. Type in Berlin; cotype in Leningrad.

Note. In the work by Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. Kraya II,
637, 1 have recorded Sorbus discolor Maxim. for the Ussuri region,
with the indication that its leaves are not acutely serrate, but have only a
few teeth near the apex; I have added that they are firmer and more obtuse
than the leaflets of S.amurensis. The diagnosis of Maximowicz
(Primitiae l.c., note to p. 103) is very incomplete; later Rehder (Manual
Cult. Trees and Shr. N. Amer., 1927, 379) gave a more detailed description
of this species, adding as a synonym also S.pekinensis Koehne, 1906,
in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges.; it appears, however, that this species has
white flowers. In view of this, and also because Nakai indicates only
S.amurensis for Korea, I think now that the 5S. Ussuri ash belongs to
S.amurensis Koehne.

9. S.boissieri C.K. Schn. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. VI, 1906, 312; Ej. IIL
Laubholzk. 1,671; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. VI, 287.

Tall shrub; branches more or less pubescent, the annotinous branches
brown-red, glabrous or with remains of hairs; lenticels thin, light; buds
fusiform, glabrous, more or less glutinous; leaves 5—7-paired, to 30cm
long, with scattered hairs and pubescence at base of leaflets along the midrib;
leaflets dark green above, whitish-glaucous below, dentate only above the
middle, short-acuminate, 5—7cm long, 1.8—2.5cm broad; inflorescence
many-flowered, to 15cm in diameter, glabrous or subglabrous; flowers
10—12 mm in diameter; stamens 20; petals broadly ovate; styles 4 or 5;
fruits ovoid-rounded, 8—9 mm broad, yellowish red. Fl. May, fr. September.

Upper timberline, mountains. — Caucasus: W. Transc. Gen.distr.: As.
Min. Described from Lazistan; reported also for Abkhazia and Adzharia.

10. S.commixta Hedl. in Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 35, 1(1901) 38; C.K. Schn.,
Ill. Laubholzk. I, 677.— S.commixta var. Takasui Kudo in Journ.
Coll. Agr. Univ. Hokkaido XII (1923) 42.—Pyrus aucuparia Fr. Schmidt
in Bull. Ac. Sc. Pétersb. V (1862) 140.

293

384

Shrub or tree 4—8m high; bark dark gray, lenticels oblong or subulate,
horizontal; branches quite smooth, gray, annotinous branches red-brown;
buds glabrous, sticky, 1.6 cm long, acute; leaves smooth, 4—6-paired;
leaflets lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, mucronate, deeply serrate or
biserrate, often with aristate teeth, paler below than above; inflorescence
quite devoid of pubescence, dense; flowers ca 1 cm in diameter; fruits
bright red, 5—7mm in diameter; calyx teeth (corona) inflexed. Fl. June,
fr. August.

Mountain forests. — Far East: Sakh.; Gen.distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described
from Japan. Type in Stockholm or Helsinki.

11. S.kamtschatcensis. Kom. in Notulae systematicae ex Herb. Horti Bot.
Petrop. II (1921) 135; Fl. Kamtsch. II, 239; E. Hulten, Fl. of Kamtch. IL, 45.

Tree 2—12m high, smooth, with dark gray bark; branches somewhat
thickened; leaves dull, dark green above, pale green below, 10—24 cm long;
petioles slightly pubescent at base and at point of insertion, often red;
leaflets (mostly) 6 pairs conspicuously petiolulate, lanceolate or oval-
lanceolate, mucronate, acutely serrate (serration always simple), erect,
short, 4—9cm long, 10 —20 mm broad, the lateral veins 15—18 pairs,
depressed above; inflorescence ca 9cm indiameter; bracts falcate, short;
flowers white, aromatic, ca.1cm in diameter; sepals erect, quite glabrous;
fruits small, oblong, light red, bitter; petals oblong, rounded at the apex,
ca.4mm long; stamens as long as petals; styles mostly 3. Fl. June,
fr. September.

Common birch forests, mostly along river valleys: solitary.— Far East:
Kamch. Endemic. Described from the left bank of the Avacha River below
Elizov; fruits from the Levaya Shchapinskaya River. Type in Leningrad.

12. S.agadyrensis Kom. in Not. syst. ex Herb. Horti Bot. Petrop. II (1921)
134.

Erect shurb with smooth bark and slender branches; buds narrow, acute,
with long soft hairs on scale margins; leaves 7—18cm long, quite glabrous
or with few hairs on the petioles; leaflets usually 6-paired lanceolate with
cuneate base, paler below, 1.5—5.5cm long, 0.6 —1.7cm broad, dull above,
with inconspicuous network of veins, slightly coriaceous, serrate;
inflorescence compact, 3—4cm in diameter, glabrous; bracts linear;
pedicels ca.3mm long; calyx glabrous, with straight eciliate teeth shorter
than calyx; petals orbicular, 2.5—3mm long; stamens very short; fruits
light red, globose, 5—8mm in diameter; seeds elongated, slightly curved?
Fl. July, fr. September.

Arctic: An. Endemic. Described from the middle reaches of the Anadyr
River (mouth of its tributaries the Snezhnaya and Main). Type in Leningrad.

Series 3. Tianschanicae Kom.— Leaflets green below; winter buds more
or less pubescent; leaves typically 6-paired; flowers and fruits larger than
in species of the series Aucupariae.

13. §.tianschanica Ruprecht in Mém.acad. Pétersb., sér. 7, vol. XIV
(1869) 46; C.K. Schneider, III. Laubholz. I, 668; Fedtsch., Consp. Fl. Turk.
in Beih. Bot. Centr. XXIV (1 908) 198. — Pyrus tianschanica Franchet
in Ann. Sc. nat. XVI (1883) 267.

294

s Koehne: a) fruit;b) stipule,c) bud; 2—S.tianschanica

PLATE XXIV. 1—Sorbus polari
Rupr.: a) fruit,b) stipule,c) bud.

295

387

Tree 3—5m high or shrub; young branches olive-brown or red-brown,
slightly pubescent, the lenticels inconspicuous; buds acute, densely
pubescent, sometimes subglabrous; leaves typically 6-paired, 10—14 (22)
cm long, quite glabrous or with hairy petioles; leaflets slightly coriaceous,
lanceolate, mucronate, with 16 —18 erect, appressed, short teeth on each
side, light green below; inflorescence to 15cm in diameter, with red
glabrous branches; flowers 1.5—2cm in diameter; stamens short; ovary
densely lanate at the apex; styles mostly 5,sometimes 2—4; mature
fruits dark red with glaucous bloom, to 12mm in diameter. Fl. May—July,
fr. August — September. (Plate XXIV, Figure 2).

Mountain forests and shrub thickets near the upper timberline. — Centr.
Asia: T.Sh., Pam. -Al., Dzu. -Tarb. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. Described
from the Shamsi and Mulda-ashu gorges between the Tokmak River and
the upper reaches of the Narym River (district of Lake Son-kul). Type
in Leningrad.

Notel. S.tianschanica is sharply distinguished from all
representatives of the series Aucupariae, and therefore I deem it
necessary to acknowledge it as the representative of a separate series of
Species. For the time being it remains isolated, but a general monographic
treatment of the genus Sorbus should also include some additional
southern species.

Note 2. In Hedlund's monograph (Sv. Vet. Akad. Hadling, 35, I, 39 —40)
two additional American species are recorded for Kamchatka: S.pumila
Rafin.and R.sitchensis Roemer, which Soviet researchers have not
yet been able to discover in Kamchatka. Their occurrence in Kamchatka
is most unlikely, and the author's error has probably been caused by a
confusion of labels.

Subgenus 2. Hahnia Medik., * Gesch. d. Bot.(1793) 81, pro gen.— Leaves
simple, entire or dentate-lobate or lobate, only the lowest pair
of lobes sometimes quite separate from the others. Styles 2—5, nearly
always connate at base. Carpels in middle part mostly completely connate,
variable in degree of union with the hypanthium; ovary sometimes apparently
wholly inferior. Cell walls hard.

1s Leaves pinnately compound or pinnatisect, with 1 or 2 pairs of leaflets

OPISeSITIentsy Simple at the apex Vain ue © ila say. ce Oeenneee ot ee 2.
ct Ly FN 1 I= het la ol 0} {a a ein Ne A aU Ul a RELL aes ina MOR RE oe. co 4.
2. Leaves pinnatisect, with 1 or 2 pairs of segments, white-tomentose

DOW Heine ya rate at ce RRB See LOTR oem E CL eaten 32. §S.turkestanica Hedl.
+ Leaves pinnatisect (nearly pinnately compound at base), with 2 or 3

pairs of segments, slightly tomentose below, gray-green....... 3.
3. (mbCavesorayeoneen abOVe .. 6. ctl, « ty aaa ee, * 33.8. dualis Zinserl.
0 MEAVESVOIHCCH aIDOVE oR a ee en aes a teh) nia ke tie Qenatene *S. fennica Fr.
4. Leaves green on both sides, glabrous below, with 3—5 more or less

acute lobes, Sometimes’ pinnatipartite below ©.) 5... 2) seem

“ Treatment by Yu.D.Zinserling.

296

388

paral

+ ©

10.

A.

18

iat

14.

Leaves more or less strongly pubescent below, if glabrous then

SiAFGH A STSYS Shalt Siebel lea heidi dpe Dic geil MCA Ci ee ie AT on
Leaves greenbelow, glabrous or slightly pubescent (not tomentose);

calyx caducous in mature fruits -..-++-+++++:: Pe MAAS oe 6.
feaves tomentose below «see ne sue er 8 8 eS tee lee oe ale es we Tis

Leaves glabrous below or slightly pubescent along the veins .
ss rte sia ge MM UE a ik I al I i 14. S. subfusca (Ldb. ) Boiss.

MeaveCrOrStInCtiy WODeGs. sai fe se a lis eS a ae Uo ae nee ws Tes es 8.
Leaves unlobed or obscurely lobed .... +. 2+ sss e eee ee eres NPAC
Leaf lobes shallow (not more than 4s the half-width of blade);

lateral veins 5—7 pairs; leaves white-tomentose below, with
obliquely-triangular teeth, the midrib and lateral veins forming an

Bele Ol Go names are woh sme ns aoe ea 31.S. persica Hedl.
Rees Weds. FO) AUS Me a's fe foto “ate angle in Je ew ea eee oe gn 9).
Leaf lobes with conspicuous teeth on both margins....-.++-++-5 aOR
Leaf lobes entire along inner margin or with 1 or 2 small teeth only

16 (LS Bye aa eM ec Ae RR ie ca i oat Gey ic a nay CMe Sli alts

Angle formed by midrib and lateral veins usually more than 45°;

teeth of lobes and those in upper, unlobed part more or less equal

ee eh ew RAPES ACTIN Se gs eee ere’ ot Set Melia) eves, Ae 23.S. armeniaca Hedl.
Angle formed by midrib and lateral veins usually less than 45°;

teeth in upper unlobed part of leaf much larger than those of lobes
ee ere Rey nets beet seme a os, sues Ne *S. scandica Fr.
Leaves ovate-rounded or broadly elliptic (1.2—1.3 times longer
PEON ee cette te) TO NN GR, eG 21.S. caucasica Zinserl.
Leaves elliptic or obovate-elliptic (1.4—1.7 times longer than broad)

longer than broad), rounded or slightly narrowed at base, dingy gray-green
below, slightly tomentose, distinctly duplicato-dentate with subobtuse
teeth of the first order; calyx caducous in mature fruits .-..--

_. ceva Se OS ag ede a MRP ib RE tah ia ge ec 17.S. colchica Zinserl.
Leaves white or gray-tomentose below or, if grayish green and
slightly tomentose, then not more than 1.5 times as long as broad and
teeth of the first order not subobtuse ...--.++++sessss eee TSI
Leaves grayish green or gray below, those on sterile shoots narrow,
fusiform-elliptic, fusiform-lanceolate, or elliptic-lanceolate, with
cuneate base, sharply differentiated from other leaves, which are
broader and without cuneate base ...-.. +++ eee eee eer rere 14.
Leaves white or gray below, those on sterile shoots not sharply
differentiated from other leaves (if differentiated then leaves white

Lv SHITTY 0s hs RRC PC Pe ete il},
Leaves very coriaceous, with 10—11 pairs of veins, strongly
impressed above, 1.2—1.3 times as long as broad; buds ca. 10mm
Lik eat i gE il ag MPa ore. Roy cnet eae 19.S.buschiana Zinserl.
Leaves softer, with 7—9 pairs of veins, slightly impressed above,
1.4—1.5 times as long as broad; buds 3—5mm long ...---+----

1 Ne Ree ee tn A aa aa alae yeh Meh Ra A 20.5. schemachensis Zinserl.

297

15. Leaves grayish green, rounded-elliptic, less often obovate-elliptic,
slightly tomentose; calyx caducous in mature fruits .........
Pe ee ee eee ee ee 16. S. subtomentosa (Alb. ) Zinserl.

i Leaves white or gray, more or less strongly tomentose ....... i6.
16. Leaf teeth (simple or of the second order) numerous, not less than
20 oni Gachyside:, nave cuanatcced sieges Bete sec tonies sie Tae ae, See epee ig).
389 + Leaf teeth less numerous (not more than 15 on each side), usually
JAP ERORY ca) s, ong tdeeeam, Sie eee hed sols Sesh heel ee eee ieee
INT/e Teeth more or less obtuse (sometimes passing into crenae); leaves
OHOVALR HW com tees «| PGS SENS Ye ee ee 30.8. obtusidentata Zinserl.
+ Peeth acute «ako blavadlls Shlw sek he veya eke Se ee 18.
TS Leaves orbicular or broadly ovate or obovate-elliptic, rounded
toward base, usually rounded at the apex ..... 28.8. turcica Zinserl.
+ Leaves obovate, obovate-elliptic, or subrhomboid, more or less

acuminate, conspicuously tapering toward baSe .............
is tele Hye Pama dk oe eS te-abereate. eipheweseeae 29.S.taurica Zinserl.

it)e Leaves orbicular, rounded-elliptic, obovate, or obovate-elliptic,
1—1.4 times as long as broad, white-tomentose below, with acute
bkeeth: - sho temys Deis ab aoomwing be Sidhe. his <4 epee 23.
I: Leaves gray-tomentose below, if white-tomentose then lateral veins
Gi SsDALrS vows ase eee eats Gace eee Bl eanat iene See oe 20.
20% Leaves strongly pubescent, with strongly impressed veins above;

leaf teeth subobtuse; calyx caducous in mature fruits ........
se e-gchiticckeal is Seine Stade oae settee tee 18. S. velutina (Alb. ) C. K. Schn.
+ Leaves without strongly impressed veins; teeth acute; calyx

persistent inmatwuresfruttSiine cms dace ech bce Slay fe Sue Cee ee 21.
21. Leaves narrow (about twice as long as broad), small, with 6—8 pairs
of veins, white-tomentose below ..... 27.58. baldaccii Deg. et Fritsch.
a Beayes- broader, large, with 8'—12 pairs of veins 2 oa) ene 22.
22. Leaves cuneately tapering toward base, with 8—10 pairs of veins
aiptaseg b5 ge Br Say oe Siin aN ae ad 2a Ue kr cy bot Ra oad corr 24.8. kusnetzovii Zinserl.
oF Leaves not cuneately tapering toward base, with 10—12 pairs of
VGINGH te yy b4ista oath: geass) i id A RS SR Sa ee *S. aria Crantz.
23. Leaves larger, 5—10cm long, with white-tomentose veins below.
Tree (or large Shrine Sie Sa as oe ge 25.S. graeca (Spach) Hedi.
ade Shrub 50—80cm high; leaves small, 4—5cm long, the veins slightly
pubescent, very prominent on the whitish blade .............

Section 1. ARIA DC., Prodr. II (1825) 635.— Flesh of fruit without grit
cells; carpels free at the apex.

Series 1. Subfuscae Zinserl.— Sepals caducous in mature fruits. Leaves
dentate or duplicato-dentate, green below, subglabrous or slightly pubescent
or else tomentose and gray-green or gray; teeth 30 or more on each Side;
lateral veins 8—11 pairs (in S.schemachensis 7—9 pairs) forming
a 45° angle with the midrib.

298

390
(

391

14. §.subfusca (Ldb.) Boiss., Fl. Or. II (1872) 659. — Hedlund, Monogr.
1901) 109; C.K. Schn., Handb. d. Laubholzk. J, 685.— Crataegus
subfusca Ldb.apud Nordm., Vorl. Diagn. in Bull. de 1'Acad. de St. Pétersb.
II (1837) 313 et Fl. Ross. II (1844) 87.— Aria Szovitsii Decaisne, Mém.
Pom. in Nouv. arch. du mus. l'hist. nat. Paris X (1874) 165.— Sorbus aria
var.glabra Albow, Prodr. fl. colch. (1895) 71.— Ic.: C.K. Schn.,1.c.

Tree; buds subglabrous (scarcely pubescent on the margin); leaves
obovate-elliptic to broad-elliptic, tapering or rounded toward base, acute
or subobtuse, mucronate, 6.5—11 cm long, 3.8—7 cm broad (length- to- width
ratio 1.3—2.2), with 8—11 pairs of veins slightly impressed above; the
blade glabrous on both sides (sometimes slightly pubescent only along
midrib), duplicato-dentate, less often almost simply dentate, with acute teeth
almost to base of blade; pedicels glabrous or subglabrous at anthesis; calyx
glabrous, with acute linear-!anceolate teeth, more or less erect at anthesis,
later declinate, slightly tomentose on the margin; petals oblong-ovate or
rounded-ovate, 1.5—2 times as long as calyx; styles 2, approximate;
fruits ovoid or globose, red, later turning blue. Fl. June—July, fr. August —
September. (Plate XXV, Figure 6).

Mountains, atthe upper timberline, at 1,700—2,100m.— Caucasus: Cisc.
(Teberda Reserve), W. Transc. (Adzharia, Guria, Mingrelia, Svanetia),
E. Transc. (S. Ossetia). Endemic. Described from the Caucasus. Type
in Leningrad.

15. S.albovii Zinserl. sp.n.in Addenda VIII, p.379.—S.aria var.
@oncolor Albow, Prodr. fl. colch. (1895) 71.—S.aria var.concolor
Boiss., Fl. Or. II (1872) 658, p.p.—S.concolor C.K. Schn., Handb. d.
Laubholzk. I (1906) 686 p.p.; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. IV (1934) 288.—

Tree; buds glabrous or slightly tomentose; leaves obovate-elliptic or
elliptic (rarely rounded-elliptic), somewhat narrowed, less often rounded at
base, subacute or obtuse, usually mucronate, 7—10cm long, 4—7cm broad
(length-to- width ratio 1.2—1.6), with 8—11 pairs of lateral veins, glabrous
above (or when young slightly pubescent along the veins), green and very
slightly pubescent below (sometimes only along midrib and lateral veins),
dentate, usually obscurely duplicato-dentate in upper part, with acute teeth,
nearly to base of blade; pedicels glabrous or slightly tomentose; calyx
tomentose, with triangular-lanceolate acute teeth; petals rounded-ovate;
styles 2; fruits globose-ovoid, red, turning blue. Fl. July, fr. August.

Upper parts of the forest zone (beech and birch forests) and in the
subalpine zone at 1,800—2,000m.— Caucasus: Cisc. (w. part) W. Transc.
(Abkhazia), S. Transc. (Zangezur), E. Transc. (S. Ossetia). Endemic.
Described from the Caucasus. Type in Leningrad.

16. S.subtomentosa (Alb. ) Zinserl. sp.n.in Addenda VIII, p. 379. —
S.aria var.subtomentosa Albow, Prodr. fl. colch. (1895) 71; Vol'f
i Palibin, Opred. der. i kust. (1904) 462.— S.concolor C.K. Schn. Handb.
d. Laubholzk. I (1906) 686 p.p.

Tree; buds tomentose on the margin, less often glabrous; leaves
rounded-elliptic, less often obovate-elliptic, rounded or slightly narrowed
at base (less often strongly narrowed), obtuse or subacute, usually mucronate,
6 —13.5cm long, 4.5—10.5cm long (length-to-width ratio 1.1 —1.5), with
8—11 pairs of lateral veins slightly impressed above, the blade glabrous
(or slightly pubescent only along midrib) above, slightly tomentose below,

299

grayish green, dentate, duplicato-dentate in upper part, with acute teeth
nearly to base of blade; pedicels glabrous or slightly tomentose; fruits
globose-ellipsoid, reddening; calyx with triangular-lanceolate, spreading,
tomentose teeth in immature fruits. Fl. unknown, fr. August. (Plate
XXV, Figure 7).

Subalpine zone, at upper timberline, sometimes beech forests, at
1,900—2,200m. Caucasus: Cisc. (mainly in the west, as far east as
Chirkei), W. and S. Transc. (Akhalkalaki). Endemic. Described from the
Caucasus. Type in Leningrad.

17. S.colchica Zinserl. sp. in Addenda VIII, p. 380.

Tree; buds slightly tomentose on the mergin; leaves elliptic, ovate-
elliptic, or slightly obovate-elliptic, rounded or slightly narrowed at base,
obtuse or subacute, usually mucronate, 8.5—1i0cm long, 5—7 cm broad
(length-to- width ratio 1.5— 2), with 10—11 pairs of lateral veins, the blade
glabrous (or slightly pubescent along veins) above, dingy gray-green and
slightly tomentose below, conspicuously duplicato-dentate in upper /2 or
ab of blade, dentate lower down, nearly to base; leaf teeth of the first order
subobtuse (apiculate), with long lower and short upper margins, teeth of
the second order acute; pedicels glabrous; fruits globose, red, later
turning blue. Fl. July, fr. September. (Plate XXV, Figure 4).

At the upper timberline.— Caucasus: W. Transc. (Circassia, Abkhazia,
Adzharia). Endemic. Described from the Caucasus. Type in Leningrad.

18. S.velutina (Alb.) C. K. Schn., Handb. d. Laubholzk. I (1906) 686,

Grossg., Fl. Kavk. IV (1934) 288 p.p.—S.aria var.velutina Albov, Prodr.

fl. colch. (1895) 71.—Ie.: C:K.Schn.,1.c.,1 (1906) 686; f.377 d:

Tree; buds tomentose-pubescent; leaves coriaceous, obovate-elliptic,
rounded or slightly narrowed at base, obtuse or subacute, sometimes
mucronate, 6—12 cm long, 5—9cm broad (length to width ratio 1.2 —j.4),
with 9—11 pairs of lateral veins strongly impressed above, the blade

glabrous or Slightly pubescent along the veins above, densely gray-tomentose

below, dentate in lower part and duplicato-dentate at the apex, subentire in
lower third leaf; teeth subobtuse; pedicels tomentose; calyx tomentose
with spreading (in immature fruits) triangular-lanceolate teeth; flowers
unknown; fruits globose-ellipsoid; red, later turning blue. Fr. October
(Plate XXV, Figure 10).

Subalpine zone: in shrub thickets and in meadows at 1,750—1,900 m.
Caucasus: W.Transc. (Circassia and Abkhazia). Endemic. Described
from the Caucasus. Type in Leningrad.

19. S.bushiana Zinserl. sp.n.in Addenda VIII, p. 381.

Tree; buds slightly tomentose, large, to 1cm long; leaves coriaceous,
glabrous above (except midrib), gray-green-tomentose below, broadly
elliptic or ovate-elliptic, rounded at base, obtuse or subacute, 10—1l1lcm
long, ca. 8.6cm broad (length-to-width ratio 1.2—1.3), with 10—11 pairs of
lateral veins, the blade obscurely duplicato-dentate nearly to base, with
acute teeth; some leaves on sterile shoots narrow, fusiform and narrowly
elliptic or fusiform-lanceolate, acuminate, with cuneate base; pedicels
subglabrous; calyx teeth triangular-lanceolate, white-tomentose; flowers
and mature fruit unknown. Immature fruits in August. (Plate XXVI,
Figure 9).

5773 300

(393)

wor

4s PBINYZ
eA or es | |

PLATE XXV. 1—Sorbus caucasica Zinserl., leaf; 2—S.persica Hedl., leaf; 3—S.ar-
meniaca Hedl.,leaf; 4—S.colchica Zinserl., leaf; 5—S.turkestanica Hedl.; 6—S.sub -
fusca (Ldb.) Boiss.,leaf:a) fruit; 7—S.subtomentosa (Alb.) Zinserl.,leaf; 8-S.scandica
Fr.,leaf margin; 9—S.woronowii Zinserl., leaf; 10—S.velutina (Alb.) C.K. Schn., leaf.

301

Rock streams at 1,850—2,200m.— Caucasus: E. Transc. (S. Ossetia,
near the village of Nizhnii Ermani). Endemic. Described from the
Caucasus. Type in Leningrad.

20. S.schemachensis Zinserl. sp.n.in Addenda VIII, p. 381.

Tree; buds slightly tomentose-pubescent, 0.3—0.5cm long; leaves
coriaceous, glabrous above (except midrib), gray-tomentose below, elliptic,
obovate-elliptic, or ovate-elliptic, rounded at base, obtuse, 7—8.5cm long,
5.5—6cm broad (length-to-width ratio 1.4—1.5), with 7—9 pairs of lateral
veins, the blade dentate nearly to base (double dentation scarcely discernible),
with small, acute teeth; some leaves on sterile shoots much narrower,
elliptic-lanceolate, cuneately tapering toward base, sometimes acuminate;
pedicels white-tomentose. Flowers and mature fruits unknown; immature
fruits globose-ovoid. Immature fruits in August. (Plate XXVI, Figure 1).

Limestone rocks at ca.1,150m.— Caucasus: E. Transc. (Myudusa in
the Shemakha District). Endemic. Described from the Caucasus. Type
in Leningrad.

Note. Closely related to S.buschiana inthe sharply differentiated
double shape of leaf; possibly the result of a cross between S.busch-

~

iana and S.graeca.

Series 2. Lobatae Zinserl.— Sepals persistent in mature fruits. Leaves
conspicuously lobate, gray-tomentose below; teeth 30—40 or more on each
side; lateral veins 7—9 (10) pairs, forming an angle of ca. 45° with the
midrib.

21. S.caucasica Zinserl. in Not. syst. herb. H. B. P. IV (1923) 17—18;
Grossg., Fl. Kavk. IV (1934) 283.— S.scandica Lipsky, Fl. Kavk. I, 296 and
Suppl. 51 et al. auct. fl. cauc. nonn. (non Fr.).

Tree; buds pubescent; leaves ovate-rounded or broadly elliptic, more
or less conspicuously tapering toward base, obtuse, less often short-
acuminate, 8—13 cm long, 6.5—11 em broad (length-to-width ratio 1.2—1.3),
gray-tomentose below, pubescent only along midrib above, 5—7-lobed
(lobes passing into teeth at the apex), with 7—9 pairs of lateral veins forming
an angle of ca. 45° with the midrib; leaf lobes oblong, subobtuse, apex and
in lower part dentate, in upper part entire, less often some lobes with
1 or 2 small teeth in upper part, the lowest and the following lobes to
half the half-width of blade; leaf teeth 30—50 on each margin, acute, those
in upper part of leaf much larger than the others; pedicels tomentose;
calyx teeth acute, triangular, tomentose, erect in fruit; petals obovate;
styles 2 or 3; fruits ovoid or globose, red, later turning blue. Fl. May—
June, fr. August. (Plate XXV, Figure 1).

Upper part of forest zone, mainly on rocks, at 900—1,600 m. — Caucasus:
Cisc., Dag., E.and S. Transe. (rarely). Endemic. Described from the
Caucasus. Type in Leningrad.

22. S.woronowii Zinserl. sp. n.in Addenda VIII p.381.—? S.aria var.
incisa Albov, Prodr. fl. colch. (1895) 72.

Tree; buds pubescent; leaves elliptic or obovate-elliptic, slightly
narrowed toward base, short-acuminate, 9—12cm long, 7—8.5cm broad

396

397

(length-to-width ratio 1.4—1.7), 4- or 5-lobed (lobes passing into teeth at
the apex), pubescent only along midrib above, gray-tomentose below, with
7—9 pairs of lateral veins forming an angle of ca. 45° with the midrib;
leaf lobes oblong, acuminate, in lower part dentate, in upper part entire or
in some lobes sometimes with 1 or 2 small teeth, the two lower pairs of
lobes to 1/3 of half-width of blade; leaf teeth 30—40 on each margin, acute,
much larger at the apex than lower down; pedicels tomentose; calyx teeth
acute, triangular, tomentose, not spreading in fruit; styles 2; fruits ovoid,
red, later turning blue. Fl. unknown, fr.September. (Plate XXV, Figure10).
Limestone rocks.—Caucasus: W.Transc. (Mt. Fisht). Endemic.
Described from the Caucasus. Type in Leningrad.

*§. scandica Fr., Fl. Holland. (1817) 38; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. IV (1934) 289.

_ Tree, very Similar to the preceding species, from which it is distinguished
by leaf lobes with always 1 or 2 teeth in upper part similar in size to those
in lower part (see Plate XXV). Not growing wild inthe USSR (distributed in
countries bordering on the Baltic Sea), sometimes cultivated in parks.

23. S.armenica Hedl., Monogr., d. Gatt. Sorbus (1901) 69; C.K. Schn.,
Handb. d. Laubholzk. I (1906) 693.—Ic.: Hedl., Monogr. d. Gatt. Sorbus, 69,
Fig. 17.

Tree; buds pubescent; leaves ovate-elliptic, elliptic, or oblong-elliptic,
rounded toward base, acute or subobtuse, 6.5—7.5cm long, 4—5.5cm broad
(length-to-width ratio1.2 —1.8), pubescent only along midrib above, gray-
tomentose below, with 7—9 (10) pairs of lateral veins forming at 45° angle
with midrib, 5- or 6-lobed (lobes passing into teeth at the apex); leaf lobes
considerably broadened (rounded-triangular) toward base, dentate on
both margins, the two lowest pairs 1/3 — > half-width of of blade; leaf teeth
30—50 on each margin, acute, more or less similar in upper (unlobed) part
of blade and lower; pedicels tomentose; calyx with acute triangular teeth,
tomentose; fruits ovoid (mature fruits unknown). Fl. June. (Plate XXV, Figure 3).

Upper timberline, at ca. 1,500 m.— Caucasus: S. and E. Transc. Gen. Distr. :
probably occurring in adjacent parts of Turkey. Described from Armenia.

Note. Apparently forming hybrids with S.caucasica (E. Transc.).

Series 3. Euariae Zinserl.— Sepals persistent in mature fruits. Leaves
unlobed, dentate or duplicato-denticulate, gray-tomentose below; teeth
numerous (more than 20 on each side); lateral veins 7—12.

Note. Species of this series, native to part of Bal. -As. Min., do not
grow wild in the USSR.

*S. aria Crantz, Stirp. austr. fasc. I (1762) 46.

Tree; leaves rounded-elliptic to elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or obovate-elliptic,
gray-tomentose below, with 8—12 pairs of lateral veins, usually cuneately taper-
ing downward, obtuse or acuminate. Growing wildin Central Europe.

Series 4. Graecae Zinserl. —Sepals persistent in mature fruits. Leaves
dentate or coarsely duplicato-dentate, white-tomentose below (less often
gray or gray-green-tomentose); teeth more than 20 on each side; lateral
veins not more than 10 pairs.

303

398

24. §S.kusnetzovii Zinserl. sp.n.in Addenda VIII, p. 382.

Tree; buds tomentose-pubescent, sometimes subglabrous; leaves broadly —
obovate-elliptic, fusiform-elliptic, or elliptic, cuneately tapering toward
base, acuminate (less often subobtuse), 7—13cm long, 4—9cm broad (length-
to-width ratio 1.4—1.8), with 8—10 pairs of lateral veins, the blade glabrous
above (except for midrib), gray-tomentose or gray-green-tomentose below,
(less often white-tomentose), the margin—except for lower 7s; — conspicuously,
less often obscurely duplicato-dentate, with 30—40 sharp teeth of the
second order; pedicels white-pubescent; calyx white-tomentose, with
acutely triangular teeth, more or less closing after anthesis; petals
orbicular, clawed; fruits globose-ovoid (mature fruits unknown). Fl.
June — July. (Plate XXVI, Figure 11).

Rocks, pine forests, at 1,600—1,850 m.— Caucausus: Cisc., Dag., S.
Transc. (Lake Sevan). Endemic. Described from the Caucasus. Type in
Leningrad.

Note. This species links the series Graecae tothe series Euariae
by its somewhat larger number of lateral veins and especially by the gray
or gray-green color of underside of leaves. Specimens from Armenia are
distinguished by the densely white-pubescent underside of their leaves.

25. S.graeca (Spach) Hedl., Monogr. d. Gatt. Sorbus (1901) 75.—
S.umbellata Fritsch in Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. (1896). — S.um -
bellata var.graeca C.K. Schn., Handb. d. Laubholzk. I (1906) 689 p. p.—
S.umbellata var.cretica Grossg., Fl. Kavk. IV (1934) 288 p. p.—
S.cretica Fritsch Sched. ad. Fl. exs. Austro-Hung. (1896).—S.aria var.
graeca K. Koch, Dendr. I (1896) 102; Boiss., Fl. Or. II (1872) 658 p. p.—
Pirus aria y cretica Lindl.in Trans. Hort. Soc. London VII (1828)
235 p.p.— P.graeca Loddiges, Cat. (1816) 26 (nom. nud.).— Crataegus
graeca Spach, Hist. nat. d. Vég. II (1834) 102.— Aria graeca Roem.,
Fam. nat. Syn. III (1847) 127. Ic.: Hedl., Monogr. d. Gatt. Sorbus (1901)

75, £.20; C.K.Schn., Handb. d. Laubholzk. I, 690, f.379 e—i.

Small tree or large shrub; buds slightly tomentose or subglabrous;
leaves coriaceous, orbicular or rounded-elliptic, rounded toward base
(var. Omb ue Wasa Zinserl.) or else obovate-elliptic or obovate, cuneately
tapering toward base (var. cuneata Zinserl.), obtuse or acuminate,
5—10cm long, 4—10cm broad (length-to-width ratio 1—1.3) with 7—9 (10)
pairs of lateral veins, the blade glabrous above (except midrib) (pubescent
when young), densely white-tomentose below throughout the lower surface
including the veins, the margin— except for lower part—with inconspicuous
lobes; teeth of the second order acute, 20—35o0n each side; pedicels white -
tomentose; petioles 0.3—1.5cm long, white-tomentose; calyx white-
tomentose, with acute triangular teeth, more or less closing after anthesis;
petals rounded-ovate; fruits globose, red, later turning blue. Fl. June—
July, fr. August —September. (Plate XXVI, Figures 10 and 12).

Rocks, taluses, forests in upper part of the forest zone and in the
Subalpine zone, at 1,200—2,500 m.— European part: Crim.; Caucasus:
Cisc., W., E., and S. Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: Bal. -As. Min., Centr. Eur.
Described from Greece. Type in Paris.

26. S.migarica Zinserl. sp.n. in Addenda VIII, p. 382.

Shrub 30—50cm high; buds slightly tomentose; bark dark gray-brown
in young branches); leaves more or less coriaceous, orbicular, obtuse,

304

4—5cm long, 3—5cm broad (length-to-width ratio 1—1 .2), with 8—10 pairs
of veins, glabrous or slightly pubescent (except veins) above (pubescent
when young), with conspicuously impressed veins, densely white-tomentose
below between the veins, much less pubescent along the veins, hence the
veins conspicuous by their darker coloration, the blade entire in lower
Yes, otherwise dentate (in some leaves the dentation scarcely discernible),
with 20—25 small, acute teeth on each side; petioles 0.2 —0.4cm long,
tomentose; corymbs few-flowered; pedicels white-tomentose; calyx
white-tomentose, with triangular teeth recurved after anthesis. Flowers and
mature fruits unknown. Immature fruits in July.

Limestone slopes at ca. 2,000m.— Caucasus: W. Transc. (Mingrelia, on
Mt. Migariya). Endemic. Described from the Caucasus. Type in
Leningrad.

27. S.baldaccii Deg. et Fritsch in herb.—S.meridionalis var.
baldaccii Asch.et Gr. Synops. VI, 2 (1906) 100.—S.umbellata var.c.
baldaccii C.K. Schn., Handb. d. Laubh. I (1906) 689.— Ic.: C.K. Schn.,
Handaade aubl. L690 j;t she) lean:

399 Small tree (?) or shrub (?); buds slightly tomentose; bark dark gray,
brown on young branches; leaves more or less coriaceous, oblong-
elliptic, to ovate-oblong-elliptic, obtuse or acuminate, cuneately tapering
or rounded toward base, 5—7cm long, 3—4cm broad (length-to-width ratio
1.7—2.0), glabrous (except veins) above (pubescent when young), densely
white-pubescent below, with 6—9 pairs of veins (7 —9 in Caucasian- Asia
Minor specimens), the blade — except lower entire part (Ye— 73) — obscurely
or conspicuously duplicato-dentate, the teeth of the second order acute,
20—25 on each side; petioles 1—1.5cm long; corymbs few- to many-
flowered; pedicels white-tomentose; calyx white-tomentose with triangular
teeth, more or less closing after anthesis. Mature fruits unknown. FI.
July — August.

Mountain slopes in the forest zone.— Caucasus: S. Transc. (Nakhichevan
ASSR near Lake Batabad). Gen.distr.: Bal. -As. Min. (Albania, Cappadocia,
parts of Turkish Armenia bordering on the USSR). Described from Albania.
Type in Vienna.

Note. Apparently forms hybrids with S.graeca (Spach) Hedl. (near
Lake Sevan in the Armenian SSR). It may be that Asia Minor forms differing
from the Albanian specimens (with ca. 6 veins) should be separated as a
Species.

Series 5. Xerophilae Zinserl.— Sepals persistent in mature fruits.
Leaves dentate or duplicato-dentate, sometimes shallowly lobed (S.persica
Hedl.), white-tomentose below, the teeth (simple or of the second order)
not more than 20 on each side (35 only in S:persica) Lateral veins 5— 8
pairs.

28. S.turcica Zinserl.sp.n.in Addenda VIII, p.383.—S.flabellifolia
Hedl., Monogr. d. Gatt. Sorbus (1901) 71, non al.— S.umbellata var.
flabellifolia C.K. Schn.,1 (1906) 689 p.p.; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. IV (1934)
288.—S.aria var.graeca Boiss., Fl. Or. II (1872) 658, p.p.

305

400

Shrub or small tree; buds slightly tomentose; leaves coriaceous,
orbicular, obtuse or scarcely acuminate, rounded or slightly narrowed at
base, 5—7cm long, 4—6 cm broad (length-to-width ratio 1.1—1.3), with
6—8 pairs of lateral veins, Sneet ae above (adult), densely white-tomentose
below, the margin entire to 7/3 or higher, simply dentate or obscurely
duplicato-dentate in upper part, the teeth large, abruptly narrowing from
rounded base, acute, 10—15 on each side; petioles 0.5—1.2 cm long,
tomentose; flowers white-tomentose; calyx white-tomentose, with triangular
teeth; fruits globose, red, turning blue. Fl. May, fr. (mature) September.

Forests, rocks in lower parts of the forest zone. — European part: Crim.;
Caucasus: S. Transc. Gen. distr.: Bal. -As. Min (As. Min. ). Described from
Asia Minor. Type in Leningrad.

29. S.taurica Zinserl. sp.n.in Addenda VIII, p.383.—S. umbellata
var.flabellifolia C.K. Schn., I (1906) 689 p. p.— Exs.: HFR No. 969
p.p. (sub S.aria var.graecaBoiss.):

Shrub or tree; buds slightly tomentose; leaves coriaceous, obovate or
obovate-elliptic, obtuse or slightly acuminate, conspicuously cuneately
tapering toward base, 5—7cm long, 3.5—5.5cm broad (length-to-width ratio
1.3—1.5), with (6) 7—8 (9) pairs of lateral veins, glabrous above (adult),
when young tomentose-pubescent, densely white-tomentose below, the
margin entire to 13 or more.from base, in upper part dentate or
obscurely duplicato-dentate, the teeth large, abruptly narrowing from
rounded base, acute, 10—15 on each side; petioles 0.5—1.5cm long, white-
tomentose; pedicels white-tomentose; calyx white-tomentose, with
triangular teeth; fruits globose, red,turning blue. Fl. May—June,fr.
September.

Rocks, oak and juniper forests. — European part: Crim.; Caucasus:

W. Transc. (vicinity of Novorossiisk). Endemic. Described from the
Crimea. Type in London.

Note. S.taurica,closely related to S.meridionalis (Guss.) Nym.—
distributed in the W. Med. (Sicily, Sardinia, possibly Crete) — is distinguished
from the latter by its leaves: less sharply cuneate-tapering toward base,
with less acute teeth. The species S.flabellifolia Schauer, to which
S.taurica and S.turcica are often referred,is described after a
cultivated specimen of imprecisely known origin, and is distinguished from
those species by its lobate leaves. S.taurica and S.turcica, differing
only in unimportant characters and having overlapping distribution areas,
are not clearly delimited; in the Crimea there are very many specimens
transitional between these two species, whereas Caucasian and Asia Minor
Specimens have clearly expressed S.taurica characters. Apparently this
is a case of as yet uncompleted differentiation of one species into two—
the Caucasian-Asia Minor S.turcica and the Crimean S.taurica. In the
Crimea, S.taurica (possibly also S.turcica) often forms hybrids with
S.graeca.

30. S.obtusidentata Zinserl. sp.n.in Addenda VIII, p. 384.

Small tree (?) or shrub (?); buds glabrous; bark dark gray, brown on
young branches; leaves rounded-elliptic or obovate, obtuse or slightly
acuminate, pointed or attenuate at base, 6—9cm long, 5.5—7cm broad
(length-to-width ratio1.1—1.3), glabrous — except on the veins — above

306

(pubescent when young), densely white-tomentose below, with 6 or 7 pairs
of veins, the blade entire or subentire in lower a4 = WEL dentate or else
duplicato-dentate (and then teeth of the first order obtuse, crenate), the
teeth of the second order subobtuse, small, 15—20o0n each side; petioles
0.3—0.5cm long; pedicels white-tomentose; calyx white-tomentose;
fruits unknown. July.

Alpine zone at 2,250m.— Caucasus: W. Transc. (Abkhazia, Mingrelia).
Endemic. Type in Leningrad.

401

31. S. persica Hedl., Monogr. d. Gatt. Sorbus (1901) 70; C.K. Schneid.,
Handb. d. Laubh. I, 694; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. IV (1934) 288.—Ic.: Hedl.,
Monogr. d. Gatt. Sorbus, 70, f.18; C.K. Schn., l.c., 690, f. 3790.

Tree; buds slightly pubescent; leaves elliptic, rounded-elliptic, or
oblong-elliptic, obtuse or subacute, slightly cuneately tapering toward base,
5.5—7.5 (9.5) cemlong, 3.5—4.5 (6.5) cm broad (length-to-width ratio (1.1)
1.4—1.5(1.7)),4—6-lobed (lobes passing into crenae atthe apex), depth of
lower lobe and middle lobe W—V, the half-width leaf, coriaceous, glabrous
above, white-tomentose below, with 25—35 teeth on each margin, the teeth
acute, obliquely triangular, larger in upper than in lower part; lateral
veins 5—7 (8), forming with the midrib an angle of less than 45°; lobes
oblong-rounded, less often oblong-triangular, obtuse, less often acuminate,
with few teeth at outer margin, with 1 or 2 teeth on inner margin; petioles
tomentose-pubescent, 1—2 cm long; corymbs many-flowered; pedicels
tomentose at anthesis, later glabrous; calyx with acute triangular teeth,
tomentose; petals white, rounded-obovate, strongly narrowing toward base;
fruits globose, less often ovoid, bluish red. Fl. June, fr. September.

Mountains, shrubs, juniper and deciduous forests, 1,300 —2,800 m (rarely
down to 850m).— Caucasus: S. Transc. (very rarely); Centr. Asia: Mtn.
Turkm., Pam. -Al., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from N. Iran.

SPECIES INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN THE SECTION ARIA
(SUBGENUS HAHNIA) AND THE SUBGENUS
HU-SORBUS

These species are characterized by leaves pinnatifid in lower part and
by styles usually free or nearly free. Apparently all or at least most of
then are the result of crossing between species of the section Aucuparia
and Aria, producing a stable progeny.

32. S.turkestanica (Franchet) Hedl., Monogr. d. Gatt. Sorbus (1901) 69;
C. K. Schn., Ill. Handb. I, 692.—Pirus turkestanica Franchet, Pl. turk.
in Ann. d. Sc. Nat. Ser. VI, bot. (1 883) 288.— Ic.: C.K. Schn., l.c., f. 379, u.
Tree; buds slightly pubescent; leaves oblong-elliptic, acute or subobtuse,
cuneately tapering toward base, (5.5) 6—10 (12) long, (3) 3.5—6.5 (8)cm
broad (length-to-width ratio 1.5—1.7), pinnatisect, with 1 or 2 pairs of
segments in lower part, in greater part of the tree lobate, pinnatifid, the
depth of lower and middle lobes VV, = Yo the half-width of blade, coriaceous,
glabrous above, gray-tomentose below, with 30—50 teeth on each margin,
the teeth small, obliquely triangular-lanceolate, acute, sometimes subaristate;
lateral veins 7—9, forming an angle of 45° with the midrib; lobes oblong
or oblong-triangular, acute, less often subobtuse, with few teeth on outer

402

307

405

margin and with 1 or 2 minute teeth in inner margin; petioles tomentose-
pubescent, 0.7—2cm long; corymbs many-flowered; pedicels glabrous at
anthesis (less often slightly pubescent); receptacle glabrous; calyx
tomentose, with narrowly lanceolate teeth; petals white, rounded-obovate,
tapering toward base; fruits ovoid or ovoid-pyriform, turning blue.

Fl. May — June, fr. September.

Mountains in forests and among shrubs, at 1,150 —2,600 m. — Centr. Asia:
Pam. -Al., T. Sh., Mtn. Turkm. (? ). Endemic. Described from Central
Asia. Type in Paris.

Note. This species may be the result of a cross between S.persica
Hedl. and S.tianschanica Rupr.

33. S.dualis Zinserl. in Addenda VIII, p. 384.

Tree; buds slightly tomentose (sometimes only scale margins); leaves
ovate or oblong-ovate, obtuse or acuminate, 6—10cm long, 4.5—7.5cm
broad (length-to-width ratio 1.2—1.6), pinnatisect in lower part, with
1—3 pairs of segments, gradually passing into pinnatifid higher up, with
8—11 pairs of lateral veins, gray-green and glabrous (adult) above except
midrib, gray-tomentose below, the segments and leaf lobes dentate-
margined, the teeth acute, passing abruptly from rounded base into a usually
bent point, numerous (40—50 or more on each Side of blade), the segments
and lobes with teeth on both margins; petioles 1—2cm long, tomentose;
pedicels tomentose, glabrous in mature fruits; calyx with acute-triangular,
more or less tomentose teeth persistent in mature fruits; fruits globose,
red, later turning blue. Fl. unknown; fr. (mature) September.

Forests (especially of Quercus macranthera) to 1,500 m.—
Caucasus: E.and 5. Transc. Described from the Caucasus. Type in
Leningrad.

Note 1. This species is apparently the result of a cross between
S. armenica Hedl. (which it resembles in character of teeth) and
S.aucuparia L. In any case, it is undoubtedly the result of crossing
between species of the sections Aucuparia andAria.

Note 2. In regions where species of the sections Aria and Aucu-
paria grow together there occur hybrids characterized by their leaves,
which are pinnatisect at the base, lobate higher up. Such hybrids have been
found in W., E., and S. Transc. Some of these hybrids are cultivated.

*S.fennica (Kalm. ) Fr., Summaveg. Scand. (1846) 42.— Crataegus
hen Nea Walmer. le hemes tt (1 765) 6. — Distinguished from the preceding
by its oblong or oblong-ovate leaves with somewhat less acute teeth.

Sometimes cultivated in parks. Grows wild in Scandinavia and the
Baltic States. According to Hedlund, it is a hybrid of S.aucuparia and
S.Salicifolia Hedl.

Section 2. TORMINARIA DC., Prodr. II (1825) 636.— Flesh of fruit with
numerous grit cells; carpels almost completely connate.

34. S.torminalis (L.) Crantz, Stirp. austr. II (1767) 45.— Crataegus
torminalis L., Sp. pl. (1753) 46.— Pyrus torminalis L., Sp. pl.
(1753) 46.— Pirus torminalis Ehrh., Beitr. Naturk. IV (1789) 92.—
Hahnia torminalis Medik., Gesch. Bot. (1793) 81.

308

403

\
MY \h

Walia s

PLATE XXVI. 1—Sorbus schemachensis Zinserl., leaf; 2—S.baldaccii Deg.et
Fritsch, leaf; 3—S.migarica Zinserl., leaf; 4—S.torminalis Crantz, flowering branch;
5—S.turcica Zinserl., leaf; 6—S.taurica Zinzerl.,leaf; 7—S.obtusidentata Zinserl.,
leaf; 8—S.buschiana Zinserl., leaf on sterile shoot; 9—S.buschiana Zinserl., leaf;on
fruiting shoot; 10—S.graeca var.orbiculata Zinserl., leaf; 11—S.kusnetsovii Zinserl.,
leaf; 12—S.graeca var.cuneata Zinserl., leaf.

309

406

Tree, usually to 12 m, sometimes to 25m high, to 60cm in diameter
(usually less); buds glabrous; leaves ovate, rounded or slightly cordate or
cuneate at base, acute, 5—10cm broad, 16 —18cm long, with 3—5 acute
(less often subobtuse) lobes, sometimes the lobes—especially the lowest
pair—very acute and deep, since leaves nearly pinnatifid at base (var.
pinnatifida Boiss.), acutely denticulate, glabrous above (pubescent only
when young), yellow-green and glabrous below (pubescent when young) or
slightly tomentose (var. mollis Beck), with 3—7 pairs of lateral veins;
petioles 2—5cm long; pedicels initially villous-tomentose, later glabrescent;
calyx more or less tomentose, with triangular teeth; petals white, spreading;
styles 2; fruits ovoid or globose, brown to yellow with white dots. May.

Forests, mainly oak but also chestnut, hornbeam and Pinus nigra,
from plains to 1,700 m.—Europeanpart.: M. Dnp., Bl.,Crim.; Caucasus:
Cisc., W., E., and S: Transe., Tal. Gen.distr.: Atl.and) NSEur., Scand, Bal. =

. As. Min. Described from Central Europe. Type in London.

Economic importance. Fine-grained, heavy wood (specific gravity 0.8)
responding well to polishing, valuable for turning and carving. Fruit edible.
Ornamental plant.

Note. Forms hybrids with species of the section Aria. Similar plants
with less deeply-lobed leaves and more obtuse lobes gray-tomentose below
have been found in fruit in the Crimea.

Genus 729. MICROMELES * DECNE. **
Decne. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris X (1874) 168.

Flowers small, mostly in threes in umbelliform corymbs, the latter in
groups at ends of shoots. Ovary of 2 or 3 (4) carpels (styles A Ole
rarely 4), connate and adnate to the hypanthium to Oe = ‘ie Pome very
compact, without nutlet but with 2—4 seeds; scales not persistent in fruit.
Trees and shrubs with leaves caducous or persistent in winter, simple,
dentate. Approximately 10 species in the Far East and SE Asia.

1. M.alnifolia (Sieb. et Zucc.) Koehne, Die Gattung. Pomac. (1890) 20;
Kom., Fl. Manch II (1904) 479; Kom.and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost.
kraya II (1932) 638.— Crataegus alnifolia Sieb. et Zucc. in Abh. Acad.
Wissensch. Munch. IV, 2 (1846) 130.—Sorbus alnifolia C. Koch in Ann.
Mus. bot. Lugd. Bat. I (1863) 249.— Aria alnifolia Decne in Nouv. Arch.
Mus. Paris X (1874) 166.— Pyrus miyabei Sarg. in Gard. a. For. (1893)
214.— Sorbus miyabei Mayr, Fremdl. Waldb. (1906) 491.—Ic.: Kom.
and Alis.,1l.c., Plate 191, Fig. 3. -HFR No. 1323.

Slender tree to 18m high, forming a rather sparse crown only high above
the ground, with straight branches and glabrous or initially hairy shoots;
leaves mostly ovate and short-acuminate or oval and more or less long-
acuminate, rounded or rounded-cuneate at base (var. typica C.K.Schn. )
less often orbicular with cordate base (var.tiliifolia (Decne.) C.K. Schn. ),
unequally duplicato-dentate, dark green and lustrous above, slightly hairy
only along the veins above, yellowish-hairy along the veins below (when
young, sometimes with continuous pubescence) or glabrous; flowersca. 1 emin

* From the Greek micros,small and melon, pome.
** Treatment by A.I.Poyarkova.

310

407

408

diameter, 2 or 3 in each long-stalked, umbelliform corymb, the latter in
groups at ends of lateral branches; sepals white-tomentose inside; fruits
very rigid, dry, oblong, 8—12 mm long, 6 mm broad, with glaucous bloom.
Fl. June, fr. from August. (Plate XXVII, Figure 2).

Shady mountain forests of Siberian stone pine and deciduous trees,
slopes, on stony and humous soils.—Far East: Uss.Gen.distr.: Jap. -Ch.
(Manch., Korea, S. China and Japan). Described from Japan.

Economic importance: The wood is characterized by its even grain and
is used for making rulers. Fruits edible.

Genus *ERIOBOTRYA* LINDL. **
Lindl. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIIT (1821) 102.

Flowers in pyramidal panicles; ovary of 5 carpels (styles 5), completely
connate, overgrown by the hypanthium except at the apex; carpels 2-ovuled.
Pome succulent, with very thin coriaceous endocarp and large globose-
angular seeds. Trees or shrubs with entire evergreen leaves. —
Approximately 10 species in SE Asia.

1. E.japonica Lindl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII (1821) 102.—Mespilus
japonica Thunb., Fl. jap. (1784) 206.— Photinia japonica Fr. et Sav.,
Pl. jap. (1875) 142.— Ic.: Bot. Reg. tab. 365; Hegi, Illustr. Fl. v. Mitteleur.
IV, 2 (1925) f. 998.

Small tree or shrub, with dense rufous-gray tomentose pubescence
covering shoots, underside of leaves, and inflorescence; leaves rigid-
coriaceous, evergreen, glabrous above, dark green, large, to 25cm long
and 7—8cm broad, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute, with decurrent
cuneate base, minute-petioled, mostly with coarse, sparse teeth, sometimes
only in upper part, some leaves entire; inflorescence a broadly pyramidal
panicle to17cm long; flowers inconspicuous owing to dense pubescence
covering all parts of inflorescence, aromatic; sepals short, rounded- obovate;
petals white, pubescent inside; stamens 20; fruits large, ca.3cm in
diameter, with persistent Sepals at the apex, glabrous at maturity, yellow,
3—5-locular, with few, mostly 2 or 3, less often 1 or 4—7 large seeds, very
succulent, bittersweet. Fl. March, fr. April—June. (Plate XXVII, Figure 3).

Cultivated in the Crimea and the Caucasus, growing wild in W. China
and Japan (?). Cultivated since ancient times in India, Japan, and China,
Introduced into cultivation in Europe in 1788. Described from Japan.

Type in London.

Economic importance. Cultivated as an ornamental for its splendid
foliage and tasty fruit. The ripe fruits contain 6 % invert sugars, 4. 94%
saccharose, 0.6 % malic acid (no other acids), 3% pentazans. The seeds
contain a small quantity of prussic acid, amygdalin, laurocerasin, and Saponin.

* From the Greek erios, hairy and botrys, raceme.
** Treatment by A.I.Poyarkova,

311

409

Genus 730. AMELANCHIER * MEDIK.**
Medik., Phil. bot. 1 (1789) 155.

Flowers small, white, in racemes, with (15) 20 stamens; ovary usually
Oimes (2 — 5) carpels connate only at base, sunken to the middle in the
hypanthium, each ovary separated into two 1-ovuled locules by an
incomplete (false) partion. Pome succulent, without nutlets, the endocarp
membranous. Shrubs or trees with simple, entire leaves.

Economic importance. All Amelanchier species have edible fruit
and wood suitable for making smail articles; most species are valued as
ornamentals.

dh eaves*entires) (2 ic kon elites fk ake *2. A.integrifolia Boiss. et Hob.
a) Teavestdentatel Ae eo airs Ree mih Rhine tye) bee tren ah a ee ee 2.
2. Styles free, scarcely attaining base of stamens .-..-...+....-

SD Sy ITS FES Bae 1. A. rotundifolia (Lam. ) Dum. -Cours.
+ Styles fused, at least below, attaining anthers of the inner series

Of StTAMVENS’ Os MO LA ATS ON PI es ERI RETA SED Sas. A ae aa ee 3.
3) Ovary apex glabrous; fruits dark purple with glaucous bloom;

Sepalsimetiioncdt a a mig: tens Mae amC senna *A. canadensis (L. ) Medik.
ote Ovary apex tOMiVentOSic—lakiieyiy taeellonks wets kch ciicy om cMletecn clll-ineftucnne i eemntentenme 4,
ae seSepals treeirved Bilson Se oe \00h Lees fet ie *A. turkestanica Litw.
+ Sepals erect; fruits black-glaucous..... A. spicata (Lam. ) C. Koch.

1. A. rotundifolia (Lam.) Dum. -Cours.. Bot. Cult. ed. 2, V (1811) 459;
C. K. Schn., 111. Handb. d. Laubh. I (1906) 732; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. IV (1934)
289.—Mespilus amelanchier L., Sp.pl.(1753) 478.— Pyrus ame-
lanchier Willd., Sp. pl. ed. 2 (1798) 1014; M.B., Fl. taur. -cauc. I (1808)
JOU7— VO rus ame La mc hive 6 halnt7.) Sh Gp Mausiiie.: lel (1762) 53.—
Crataegus rotundifolia Lam., Encycl. méth. I (1783) 83.— Ame -
lanchier ovalis Medik., Gesch. bot. (1793) 79.— A.vulgaris Moench,
Meth. (1794) 682; Ldb., Fl. Ross. Il, 1,93; Shmal'g.1, 353; Medv., Der. i kust.
Kavk. (1919) 117.— Aronia rotundifolia Pers., Synops. Il (1807) 39.—
Crataegus” am ellaniehiver Dest.) Histsarb.] (1809) 149.— Amelan-
chier rupestris Bluff et Fingerh., Comp. fl. Germ. I (1825) 609.— Ic.:
Vol'f and Palib., Opred. der.i kust. (1904) figures on pp. 433 and 434; Hegi,
lllustr. Fl. v. Mitteleur. IV, 2 (1925) tab. 146, f. 3—3a, textfig. 1073 —1076.

Shrub 0.5—2m high; shoots whitish-tomentose when young, glabrous
later; leaves firm, elliptic, ovate, or obovate, rounded at the apex, often
emarginate, less often very short-acuminate, mostly rounded or slightly
cordate at base, continuously whitish-flocculose below when young but
glabrous when glabrous above initially, with simple, acute, antrorse teeth
onthe margin; adult stipules long, linear, caducous: flowers indense, cory-
mbiform, 5—8-flowered racemes; pedicels of upper flowers 2—5mm long,
those of lower flowers not more than 10—12 mm long, initially tomentose
like the hypanthium, later glabrous; sepals triangular-lanceolate, acuminate,
glabrous or initially tomentose, erect in fruit; petals oblong-lanceolate to
linear, Slightly hairy exteriorly, 13—16mm long, 2—5mm broad; stamens
20; pistils 2—5; ovary apex tomentose; styles very short, not protruding
from the hypanthium, free; fruits the size of a pea, succulent, initially red,

* Apparently from the Provengal amelanche , referring to the honey taste of the fruit.
** Treatment by A.I.Poyarkova.

SZ

at maturity black with glaucous bloom. Fl. May,fr.from end of
August. (Plate XXVII, Figure 4).

Middle mountain zone, to 1,900m, rocky sites among shrubs, forest
edges and open woods. — European part: Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag.,
W.,S., and E. Transc.; Gen. distr.; Centr. and S. Eur., As. Min., S. Afr.
Described from Switzerland. Type in London.

Economic importance. Beautiful shrub cultivated in the South as an
ornamental plant, used for hedgerows; sweet fruit edible. Wood fine-
grained, reddish white, hard, very heavy, used for making small articles.
Reproduces by seeds or suckers.

*2. A. integrifolia Boiss, et Hoh. in Boiss., Diagn, sér. I, III (1843)
8. — Aevuloaris varJintegrifolia Boiss., Fl. Or. (1872) 667.—Ic.:
C. K. Schn., Ill. Handb. Laubh. I (1906) £. 407 e—f, 408 e—f.

Shrub; leaves entire, only single leaves dentate near the apex, more
coriaceous than in the preceding species, oval, rounded on both sides,
mucronulate, less often short-acuminate or emarginate, glabrous above,
below covered like the shoots with dense tomentum persisting in its greater
part until fruiting (always ?); flowers in sparse 4—6-flowered racemes;
pedicels of upper flowers 5—10mm long, those of lower flowers to 20mm,
their tomentose pubescence dense and long-persistent as on the hypanthium
and sepals; sepals triangular, erect in fruit; petals oboval, 8—10mm
long, 4mm broad, hairy outside; fruitsas inthe preceding species.

Rocky sites, not higher than the middle forest zone. Not yet found inthe Soviet
Union — nearest site in the Kagyzman district. Gen.distr.: Bal.-As. Min.
(Galacia), Arm.-Kurd. Described from Mt. Gara in Kurdistan. Type
in Geneva; cotype in Leningrad.

Economic importance. Ornamental. Fruits edible.

3. A.turkestanica Litw. in Trav. Mus. bot. Acad. Sc. St. Pétersb. VIII
(1911) 80.— A.asiatica var.turkestanica Litw.,1.c., p.79; Fedchenko
Rast. Turk. (1915).

Shrub; leaves ovate, obtuse, cordate at base, with acute teeth from the
middle to the apex, 2—4cm long, 1.5—2.5cm broad, glabrous or with
appressed hairs in some places; petioles to 2cm long, scattered-hairy;
sepals triangular, recurved, glabrous outside, hairy inside; petals to 9mm
long, lanceolate-cuneate, subobtuse, partly scattered-hairy outside;
styles 5, connate to a, sparsely hairy at base, not exceeding inner series
of stamens.

Described after a specimen allegedly collected on stony hills in the
Bayanaul Mountains in the Semipalatinsk Region. Type in Leningrad.

Note. The finding of an Amelanchier specimen, of North American
parentage according to all its characters, in a region So remote from its
distribution area obviously requires verification. Has there not been a
confusion of labels?

*A. canadensis (L. ) Medik., Gesch. Bot. (1793)79.—Mespilus cana-
densis L., Sp. pl. (1753) 478.—A.botryapium DC., Prodr. II (1825) 632. —
Ic.: Britt. a. Brown., Ill. Fl. N. Amer. II (1913) figure on p. 292; C.K. Schneid.,
Ill. Handb. Laubh. I (1906) f. 409a—c, 410a.

313

411

PLATE XXVII. 1—Cydonia oblonga Mill.: a) section of fruit; 2-Micromeles alnifolia
Koehne; 3—Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.; a) fruit; 4-Amelanchier rotundifolia
(Lam.) Dum. -Cours.; ~Mespilus germanica L.: a) fruit.

314

413

Shrub or tree, usually 7m, sometimes to 18m high; leaves oval, acute
or acuminate, thin, covered below in frondescence with soon disappearing
rufous tomentum, rounded or cordate at base, serrulate; flowers in erect or
slightly nodding rather sparse racemes; pedicels long, from 6mm (the
upper) to 2.5mm (the lower), axis and pedicels initially hairy, later glabrous;
hypanthium and lanceolate-triangular sepals usually devoid of pubescence
from the very beginning; petals oblong, linear or spatulate; ovary apex
glabrous; styles connate to the middle; fruits dark purple with glaucous
bloom, with reflexed sepals at the apex.

Often cultivated in European part of Soviet Union; originally from
N. America, where it grows in dry deciduous forests. Described from
N. America. Type in London.

Economic importance. Ornamental plants; fruit pleasant-tasting. Wood
very hard, light brown, suitable for making small articles.

*A. spicata (Lam.)C Koch, Dendr.1(1869)182.— Crataegus spicata
Lam., Encycl. méth. I (1783) 84.— A. ovalis Borkh., Forsbl. II (1803) 259
(non Medik.).— A.canadensis var.spicata Sarg., Silva IV (1892) 129.—
Ic.: C.K. Schn. I (1906) 411 m—n, 412 g—h.— Exs.: HFR No.1019; Fl.
Pol. exs. No. 948 (sub A.botryapium Ser.).

Tree or shrub to 5m high; leave broadly elliptic, ovate, or oval, rounded
at the apex or short-acuminate, initially tomentose below, later glabrous,
acutely dentate; racemes dense, short, at blossoming sometimes densely-
tomentose, later glabrous; sepals acute, oblong-triangular; petals
8—12mm long, oblong-oboval; ovary apex hairy; styles connate to
about the middle, more than half protruding from the hypanthium; fruits
black-glaucous, crowned by erect sepals.

Very common incultivation in central and NW regions of the European
part of the Soviet Union; native to Canada and northern states of the U.S.A.
Described from Canada. Type in Paris.

Note. A.florida Lindl. (Bot. Reg. 1833, tab. 1589) is also to be found
in gardens of the Soviet Union: leaves with coarse teeth usually only from
the apex to the middle, and sepals reflexed in glaucous-black fruits.

Economic importance. Ornamental plants yielding edible fruit.

Genus 731. PYRACANTHA * ROEM.**
Roem., Fam. nat. Syn. III (1847) 219,

Flowers small, in compound, many-flowered corymbs, stamens 20;
ovary of 5carpels (styles 5), connate only at base; pome small, mealy,
with 5 nutlets (endocarp stony), protruding to ¥3 — Y2 from the flesh and
covered by persistent sepals. Shrubs with entire leaves. Apart from the
Soviet species 6 others are known, of which one in Formosa, the others
in China.

1. P.coccinea Roem., Syn. mon. III (1847) 219; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. IV

(1934) 284.— Mespilus pyracantha L.., Sp. pl. (1753) 478; M.B., Fl.
taur. -cauc. 1,388; III],332.—Crataegus pyracantha Medik., Gesch.

* From the Greek pyr, fire and acanthos, thorn.
** Treatment by A.I.Poyarkova.

315

415

d. Bot. (1793) 84; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 1,87.— Cotoneaster pyracantha
Spach, Hist. Nat. veg. II (1834) 73; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 348.—Ic.: Pall., Fl.
Ross. I, 1 (1784) tab.13,f.2; Vol'f i Palib., Opred.der.i kust. (1904)
figures on pp. 441 and 442; Hegi, 11. Fl. Mitteleur. IV, 2 (1925) f.1023,f.
1025.—Exs.: HFR No.1763; Callier, Iter taur.tert. No. 785.

Shrub to 1.5 (2)m high, with broad, spreading crown, shoots grayish-hairy
when young; branches dark reddish brown, covered with numerous spines,
of which some short, 5— 25mm, leafless, others long, leafy, often with
flowering shoots; leaves persistent, coriaceous, glabrous or else hairy
only when young, dark green and lustrous above, lighter below, elliptic-
lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate and tapering to short petiole or else ovate
to ovate-lanceolate, with rounded base, with admixture of narrower leaves;
all leaves acuminate, acute or obtuse to rounded at the apex, crenate, toward
base often only undulate or even entire; inflorescence dense, more or less
hairy; flowers small, white or pinkish yellow, with infundibular hypanthium;
sepals broadly triangular; anthers red; fruits the size of peas, coral-red.
Fl. June, fr. from September.

Forest edges, slopes, among shrubs, to 1,200 m.— European part: Crim.;
Caucasus: W., E., and S. Transc. Gen. distr.: Italy (possibly also SE France),
Dalmatia, As. Min., N. Iran. Described from France. Type in London.

Economic importance. Very ornamental shurb, owing to abundant
blooming and beautiful long-persistent fruits. The latter are eaten by birds
in winter. Used for hedgerows. Nectariferous: yielding nectar and pollen.

Genus 732. MESPILUS L. *
L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 478.

Flowers large, solitary; sepals exceeding petals; stamens 30—40;
ovary of (4) 5 connate carpels adnate to the hypanthium; each carpel with
2 ovules, only one of which develops; fruit a pome with (4) 5 nutlets
(endocarp stony) entirely sunken in flesh. Spiny shrub or tree with simple,
entire or dentate leaves. One species.

1. M.germanica L. Sp. pl. (1753) 478; M. B., Fl. taur. -cauc., 1, 388; db,
Fl. Ross. II, 1, 93; Shmal'g., Fl. 1,349.— M.communis Guldenst., Iter I
(1787) 419, 428.— M.vulgaris Guldenst.; 1. c., 312.— Ic. 2 "Pall HlyRoess.
I, 1 (1784) tab. 13,f.1; Vol'fand Palib., Opred. der. ikust. (1904) fig. onp. 458;
Hegi, Ilustr. fl. v. Mitteleur. IV, 2 (1925) tab. 146, f. 4, 4a, textfig. 1063, 1064. —
Exs.: HFR No. 713 and 713a; Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 326.

Spiny shrub or small tree 1.5—6m high, to 20cm in diameter, with red-
brown shoots pubescent when young, and with gray branches; leaves
elliptic or oblong-lanceolate (3)=5=12’em long, acute or obtuse, entire
or dentate with teeth terminating in a red gland, pubescent on both sides
when young, later the upper surface dark green, scattered-hairy, more
densely so along the veins, or else subglabrous, the underside light, whitish-
pubescent, the longer and denser pubescence along main veins; petioles
villous-pubescent; bracts large, caducous; flowers subsessile, white,

* Treatment by A.I.Poyarkova.

316

416

3—5cm in diameter; sepals lanceolate-subulate, longer than petals; anthers

purple, 1.5—2.5cm in diameter, flattened-globose to pyriform, brownish,
glabrescent. Fl. May, fr. October. (Plate XXVIL Figure 5).

Up to 1,200m, mainly at forest edges on slopes among shrub thickets,
roadsides, clearings, also in forests on sufficiently moistened soils.
Calcium-resistant. — European part: Crim.; Caucasus: all districts; in
Centr. Asia one site is known in the Kopet Dagh Range in the Gyuen Gorge
on the Chandyr River. Gen.distr.: S.and SE Asia Minor, N. Iran.
Described from S. Europe. Type in London.

Note. Reports for the Caucasus on Mespilus smithii Ser. ex
DC., Prodr. II (1825) 633; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 1, 94; Medv., Der.i kust.
(1919) 119 =Cratae-mespilus grandiflora (Sm.) Camus in Journ.
d. bot. (1899) 326=M.germanica L. X Crataegus monogyna
Jacq., are unreliable, being based on leaves of sterile shoots which, unlike
the typical Mespilus leaves, are slightly lobately incised.

Economic importance. The fruits are edible, widely used by local
population; the small wild forms as well as the large cultivated varieties
are marketed. Owing to their tartness, the fresh fruits are used only after
being affected by frost or when, after a period of storage, they become
softer, more succulent and sweeter on fermentation. They make good
marmalade and can be used for the making of drinks.

The leaves, bark, and young fruits contain many tannins and are suitable
for the tanning of leather. The fruit flesh contains 10.57 % invert sugars,
5.84% other nitrogen-free extracts, 7.51 % fibrous substances, 1.38 % malic
acid; the seeds contain 2.5% fatty oils. Wood dense, very hard and heavy,
yellowish white with reddish-brown heartwood, suitable for various turning
jobs; produces coal of excellent quality, used as stock for grafting
Japanese Mespilus. Ornamental. In the Soviet Union cultivated in the
Crimea and in the Caucasus. There is no cultivated Mespilus in
Central Asia. Among the cultivated varieties, the stoneless F.apyrena
Duh. ae abortiva Dum. -Cours) should be noted.

Genus 733. CRATAEGUS * L.**
L., Sp. pl.(1753) 475.

Flowers small, white, in mostly compound corymbiform, rarely simple
umbellate inflorescences; ovary of 1—5 carpels free on ventral side or
connate at base, adnate by the back to the hypanthium; ovules 2, the upper
not developing; pome containing 1—5 nutlets (endocarp stony), with dry,
persistent sepals at the apex, yellow, red, or black, rather fleshy. Small
trees or shrubs with alternate stipulate pinnatilobate or partite dentate
leaves.

Economic importance. Ornamental trees and shrubs; many species are
used for spiny hedgerows. The flowers are nectariferous and contain
the yellow dye quercetin; their unpleasant odor is due to their trimethy-
lamine content. The fruits of some species are large, fleshy, and tasty

* From the Greek kratos, strength, sturdiness and agein, to lead, to act, referring to the sturdiness and
hardness of the wood or to the presence of hard thorns providing a means of defense.
** Treatment by A.I.Poyarkova.

317

417

and are eaten, mostly raw, by the local population, mainly after frost;
sometimes the fruit flesh is cut into small pieces and added to flour for
the baking of sweet bread; sometimes the fruits are used for fruit jelly or .-
stewed fruit or are even candied. The fruits are also eaten by birds,
especially in Europe in winter, and are used as fodder for swine.

The young leaves of certain species are used as a substitute for tea and
are pleasant and refreshing to the taste. A decoction of leaves, bark, and
roots is used for dying cloth light brown or yellow.

The wood is fine-grained, dense, very hard and strong, heavy, reddish or
yellowish, but difficult to split and treat; used for various lathework,
tool handles, sticks, etc.

Certain species are used in gardening as wildings for the grafting of
apples, quince, and Japanese Mespilus. They reproduce by seeds which
germinate with difficulty and are needed in stratification; very undemanding
as far as soil is concerned. Since Crataegus isreadily attacked by various
fruit tree pests, its presence near gardens is undesirable.

1s, \YStyles,3 -tordsy a nuts swith 3 a enitlets) i. eyes (adie ns Ke ee 2.
Styles mostly 2, rarely 1 or 3, or else mostly 1; fruits with 2
(1g. 3 i rai ES epi eieas 5 Ep oh race ht cde Sy oh cass RS ot a a Ge
2. Inflorescence axes, pedicels, hypanthium, and outer side of sepals
tomentose-pubescent; shoots and leaves — at least below — densely
DUDES C Siatiyciystis ir i pois tcirelicys cabs cl edt Renate Cronies opp ce a cietia cae ie Be

+ Inflorescences glabrous, less often axes and pedicels slightly hairy,
sometimes lower part of hypanthium rather densely pubescent;

leaves glabrous or rather sparsely puberulent (nottomentosel).... 7.
Be Petioles 45 (7/5 can 7/3) as long as the blade; inflorescence loose, with

devielopedvaxes and! pediicelisint. < cers semcytets @ pcreeh cue ce totem Be
+ Petioles /g — 7/3 as long as the blade; inflorescence very compact,

with short axes and pedicels (Series Orientales).......... 4,
4. Fruits with 5, rarely 4 nutlets, red-orange; sepals reflexed,

lanceolate-triangular, long-acuminate; leaf lobes narrow: 3—4:1

Bale As aS Ai) opty 3 Ska ee BR Co Ea sent! tabeas bane 10. C. orientalis Pall.

+ Fruits with 3 or 4 nutlets, (red?); sepals erect-spreading, broadly

triangular, mucronulate; leaf lobes broader: 1.5—2.5 (3): ies

eves, 0 ky Shae: Spam ta ed peo EB Sk A call SM gr eel 11.C. szovitsii A. Pojark.
o. Leaves shallowly lobed; fruits red with with strongly pitted nutlets

Tp SE Baia ach tice ls deaae4he Ck Pa Weal de EN eared 3 5. C. maximoviczii C. K. Schn.
au Leaves partite; fruits black or cherry-red, with nearly smooth

GELS US pach d dxcpgeiamei Sh RY 4 caaetealk lbw = Bit has TE eagk os PG pean oa eee 6.
6. Fruits black; inflorescence many-flowered, loose, large.......

eee et Oe BE THR TIO ce Teme rome ee were ero. 8. C. pentagyna W. et K.
+f Fruits cherry-red; inflorescence few-flowered, small, rather

GOmpactys iwordheethe) Sos katana 4s Wi oe ene ees 36. C. schraderiana Ldb.
TS wy PCAVieSAPArELtS ion sigan ce api Geet uae aman OD chet <. \ogeaee aeeicus lyaeei ean ee 8.
A Leaves shallowly lobed (sometimes only with deep lower notches)

wi MRS iaa Aap icant dina at Ba ato) Sikasy Perauss Wein ta Pract a an li serait BAI il te ia
8.) «Hruits,redvor yellow to orange=brRownm a 42 ©) 4.4 6 ee eee 10.
4 ULES "DUB ele a Sih ai ac Seed Seer MN Ey Atlas Ge eh re ar Omi

318

|

9. Corolla 10—12mm indiameter; fruits without glaucous bloom;
leaf notches usually narrow, i.e., lobes crowded; spines to 2cm
Mermearetemonierict oye tei hhc useage cer tie Men bots haan ae 9.C. pseudomelanocarpa M. Pop.
+ Corolla 13—17mm in diameter; fruits with glaucous bloom, leaf
notches mostly broadly triangular; spines not more than 12mm long
ENE TE as er Sites ale Ste AS UR URe MEY Saathet Ts dhatys irs 8. C. pentagyna W. et K.

10. Fruits yellow to orange-brown........ 4.C. altaica var. incisa Rgl.
ste TENeU ATS ALT GENG legal iler Ark tal cata giCRnrer octeeaal Gh chia tec oak obi Cl. SLAM Se Rb Oe ceca atrg fo TES
41 gil. Fruits small, 5—6 (8) mm long, mealy, with strongly pitted nutlets
seed Oh alee Ee ee ee at oa eh aly copter eee 6. C. remotibobata H. Raik.
+ Fruits large, to 1.5cm, with dense flesh and smooth nutlets
Re bers seh KARE BAS IE OR A IBN oe BOON ED, XA EME ik SG 1.C. pinnatifida Bge.
PPGriitcHbiac kh: SAAT nea A eRe ke). REA. WL) BALDY 13.
=e Fruits yellow, orange-brown or red ....-. 225s se ee ee tees 14.
13. Flesh of fruit green; nutlets strongly pitted; leaves usually with
be aorpaics ‘of lobes a 31) racine aia we 7.C. chlorosarca Maxim.
+ Flesh of fruit yellow; nutlets smooth; leaves usually with 3 or 4
BOMSNOl LOSS re Mee ks ere Smee Pahokee Ryne eimeMle, ne 33.C.dsungarica Zbl.
14. Fruits yellow or orange-brown, with 5 (4) nutlets; anthers white;
leaves Sometimes deeply incised ............-. 4.C.altaica Lge.*
os Fruits blood-red or orange-red, with 3 or 4 nutlets; anthers purple
Ray hry, ene en RENE PEEL TS ANG) PD VO OED GE TEA Lk So EAE 15.
15. Fruits blood-red, mostly with 3 nutlets; leaves usually broadly
obovate, puberulent on both sides ........... 2.C. sanguinea Pall.
+ Fruits lighter, to orange-red, with 3 or 4 nutlets; leaves mostly
oblong-rhomboid or oblong-obovate, usually glabrouSs.........
og. “ung egce bakery bai ces hic habear Siac Are CaCO me aC ae 3. C. dahurica Koehne.
16. Leaves, at least those on sterile shoots very deeply parted or almost
dissected, with incised lobes; styles (nutlets) 1 or 2; shoots with
numerous spines. (Series Stevenianae)..........5020.. Ae
ig Meare shless inci sede. SIRS sy RMI LOD i OLE. ARM DEYE Ble ow 18.
ee iagure fruits black”. Gps.28, was wees ¢ 27. C. beckeriana A. Pojark.
+ Mane PRUGLS cCOM! st i veyar SA eke ae see ane 26. C. stevenii A. Pojark.
1s} Nutlet (style) MINOSE Ls ec hk bie, 2b Re tena ee tan eee eee me ROR EE a cas oe 19.
+ Munters (styles) “usually 2) or 3(rarely! DUM. WO.k0Y ae! A IGR aay ile
19. Inflorescence villous-hairy; shoots and leaves usually also rather
Meme UeSC eM. hk FSA tS RR A See Moe ee Se BE Sok cee oe 20.
3 Inflorescences glabrous; flowers sometimes with hairy lower part
of hypanthium; leaves glabrous or subglabrous ............. 2il..
20. Leaves oblong-cuneate with narrowly cuneate decurrent base;
lobes at level of upper third of blade.......-..--+-2..-22-28-
PUSS eke RR RRR eB ee 17. C. sphaenophylla A. Pojark.
A: Leaves broadly obovate or broadly rhomboidin outline; lower
lopesat middle of. blades fie nM Sa ea ie. 39.C.armena A. Pojark.
419 21. Flowers in compound corymbiform inflorescences..........-. 23.
Flowers in simple umbellate inflorescences (rarely single pedicels

Borer a —Tlowered)% % & uk 2 OREO VISVRE, SONI IEORNS LED. ABR. a2:

* See also C.tianschanica A.Pojark.; fruits small,6—10mm in diameter; leaves 1.5—3cm or 3—5cm
long, ovate, incised to / — 1 or else deeply partite with acuminate, unequally serrate lobes. This note
also pertains to C.altaica Lge.

519

22.

23.

24.

25.

Fruiting sepals spreading; styles (nutlets) 2 or 3; nutlets with deep
Sinuate lateral groove; leaves with Ceuiatey broad, little-developed

ilo} ovNe! Tal Wj ojyavSsis’ jovstiein Vovi,lollevoKe Guy ioeoio acl ced) och Gl bo 5 oc *C.oxyacantha L.

Fruiting sepals erect; style (nutlet) 1; nutlet nearly smooth
laterally; leaf lobes well developed, acute or obtuse ..........

h MePeWPe Womeee oR RE cos ete cr oly ete cet es soe Jess ne ane 31. C. microphylla C. Koch.

Leaves slightly lighter below than above, without waxy bloom below,
and with very prominent network of veins above; leaf lobes usually
serrate from the middle; sepals narrow, long-acuminate; fruits
oblong-ellipsoid; styles usually bent in upper part. (Series

Ky YT GOS MUA) maha daelt onal debe icgac ee eee 26.

Leaves conspicuously bicolor, whitish with a waxy bloom below;

veins not prominent; leaf lobes usually dentate only in upper part or
else entire; sepals broader, more shortly acuminate, often subobtuse;
fruits broadly ellipsoid to subglobose; style erect. (Series Mono -

aymmetatas Mo. see ee a ee ee ee pateia® bie oe eee 24.

Leaves dark green (olive-green) above, very lustrous; upper leaves
on fruiting shoots mostly 5-partite, the lobes directed forward and

usually approximate injfuppery part... - «4. ..:. 28. C. monogyna Jacq.

Leaves light, bright green or gray-green, usually tripartite, the lower

lobes separated by broad notches, ascending at an angle of 45°... 25.

Fruits 9—11mm long; upper leaves on fruiting shoots 2.2—3.5cm
long, mostly tripartite, the middle lobe often tripartite at the apex,
usually conspicuously tapering toward base, its length 1.5—2 times
as long as or rarely equaling its width; notches at middle of blade
or lower, rarely higher; Sometimes leaves o-partite -. 3)... 6s

BP oy tbh O15 (oy Gutem Oh Oke meobcUneimeRPONaaMn, Faccaerness 29. C. pseudoheterophylla A. Pojark.

Fruits 12—13mm long; upper leaves on fruiting shoots 3—5cm long,
tripartite, the middle lobe usually not conspicuously tapering toward
base, broader, its length equaling, rarely to 1.5 times greater than

its width; notches oe ae higher than middle of blade.....

oP. eed ee Le eh Se es -..... 30.C.turcomanica A. Pojark.

Upper leaves on fruiting shoots to 5.5cm long, 5—7-partite; lower

OEE Crh lah VOewaNH aulbioaw aleyOIROWIS 4 occ bo alow os 5 24. C. kyrtostyla Fingerh.

Upper leaves on fruiting shoots smaller, to 3.5cm long, 5-partite;
lower ipariotmiypanthiuims Ws ialllagshalliey, ail i iutol- kan ieee re

Be Merl ichxe keer ol eta ch fo) Te) at Lares Siac) Fenner recs 25. C. turkestanica A. Pojark.

Fruits yellow, with 2 or 3 nutlets; inflorescences and young shoots

LCWMMASMOSSTOWITSSICEINE bos b o ob bo ooo bs oO oo 12. C. pontica C. Koch...
IPOS Aelsl (Ue INZICl< NoG Gig opsa Ue So Gh ol eo pe ho eh 28.
Inflorescences glabrous, only lower part of hypanthium sometimes
hair ertescmemp pews a) fee eles ee eis 8 oe er dla whe eo oe es en 32.
Inflorescences densely villous-hairy to tomentose ........... 29.

Upper leaves on flowering shoots deeply (to 7/3 — */,) 5—7-partite, the
lobes oblong, with few large teeth only near the apex or entire;
notches between lobes narrow, the lowest at level of lower third of

leaf; leaf pubescence usually dense ...... 13.C.meyeri A. Pojark..|

Upper leaves on flowering shoots usually dissected to 14 —4/4 into 3—5
lobes or else 7-fid to 1/3 doe lobes and notches broader, the notches

arranged not lower than amiddlejotweat, yy - =.) 24-4 s-)e see eee 30.

320

30.

ol:

32.

39.

Upper leaves on flowering shoots dissected to 4 a We Into Do

lobes, the latter broad, with several teeth near the apex or entire. .

4 cae) bs ieaee Ob babe Lip Aol owe ar Sears Gy Polen Se arose i A 14. C. eriantha A. Pojark.
Upper leaves on flowering shoots 3—5-partite or lobed, the lobes at
Fate cilenor talaceneie tik ae: ho. RIB. See ee, PLE nes ety HT TELS ol.
Lobes serrate from the middle or only near apex, obtuse or acute;
inflorescence densely whitish-villous-tomentose ...........-.
POMP SSeS SRO OAL. Las TTSe be Leroi. 15. C.taurica A. Pojark.
Lobes usually serrate nearly from base, acute or acuminate;
inflorescence villous-hairy but not tomentose....-..-+-.++++-.
PePesry ee try hat ti. sieeve res eieti res. Wet seteey 16. C.ucrainica A. Pojark.
Fruits small, 8—10mm long, oblong, black-purple, with 1—3 nutlets;
lfeaviesitovo- oem long} pinnately Sispartite tsi.) a = Mase ee. 2lite te =

Beuts lil Simm leone; subglobose -- . . - > 2 = - -shk- = satan.s. (217 Vea 33}
Leaves 5—7-lobed, with broad obtuse lobes, the upper leaves little
developed, with few large teeth only near the apex ..-.-.---++----
Me ste eee. eee wen ee LGC SPs 20. C. transcaspica A. Pojark.

eaves partitelwith acute lobes (00.0.7. . SGT Ee. . 34.
Leaf lobes with few large teeth only near the apex............ 35.
Leaf lobes unequally serrate from the middle or nearly from

By BiB ote terete Bie baled alu yn utah bier siti hr oe. deci iti A aS Sa ols
Leaves dark green (olive-green) and lustrous above, much lighter
PAM o.oo ue Shree. Geet: tL AE 34. C. dipyrena A. Pojark.
Leaves light glaucous-green, only slightly lighter below ........ 36.
Fruits purple-black; shoots spiny ........ 18. C. ambigua C. A. M.

Fruits dark blood-red; shoots unarmed...... DUET) ot oboe) = ARMM

=o 3, Neb auneneAgnh Ulead 22.C. atrosanguinea A. Pojark.
Fruits dark red; upper leaves on flowering shoots 7—9-lobed,

the lobes serrate, not incised.......... 19.C. volgensis A. Pojark.
EGuits blackish purple or purple-black «9... .. 5%. = i... Gm Seok. . 38.
Spiny shrubs; leaves broad, with rounded base, the lower lobes

twice as long as the upper,all lobes unequally serrate, rarely with
Geer metsions i. sae: chee «).l.) eee se oe 21.C.caucasica C. Koch.
Unarmed trees; leaves more deeply dissected, the lobes coarsely,
unequally, and acutely dentate, often — mainly the lower — with deep

MASONS Bako Es. CL oe ete kee VPS pokes ORS the Tha. LOR ae ct EE Aas cies En 39.
Leaves large, to 7cm long on flowering shoots; fruits large,
eon None SUubeLObOSe lf ty ab sae een 23. C. songorica C. Koch.
Leaves much smaller; fruits more oblong and smaller ........

rue ys. siete pons Oe. SSMU APE MLE. gh 38. C. pseudo-ambigua A. Pojark.

Section 1. PINNATIFIDAE Zbl. in Beissn., Schelle u. Zab., Handb. d.

Laubholzben. (1903) 178; C.K. Schn. I11. Handb. d. Laubh. I (1906) 769.—
Fruits with 3—5 nutlets, smooth laterally, ac with compact (not mealy)
flesh, red with white warts.

C. pinnatifida Bge. in Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. II (1831) 100; Kom.,

Fl. Mansh. II (1904) 466; Kom.and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kraya II
(1932) 637.— Mespilus pinnatifida C. Koch, Dendrol. I (1869) 152.—
C.oxyacantha var.pinnatifida Rgl.in A.H. P.I (1871 —1872) 118.—

les:

Kom.and Alis.,1.c., Plate 193.

321

Tree or tall branching shrub to 6m high; spines few, 1—2cm long,
often absent; young shoots glabrous or hairy; new annotinous shoots light
brown, the bark of older branches dark gray; leaves bright green, lustrous,
glabrous or hairy along the veins below, with beards in angles of main
veins, cuneate or truncate at base, ovate or oblong-ovate, to 6—8.5cm long
and 5—6.5cm broad on flowering shoots, larger on sterile shoots, deeply
pinnatifid into usually 3, less often 4 or 2 lobes on each side; lobes acute
or acuminate, oblong-triangular, serrate; inflorescences pendulous,

12 —20-flowered, the axes and pedicels glabrous (v.geholensis C.K.
Schn.) or with more or less dense to tomentose pubescence (v. pilosa
C.K. Schn.); flowers 8—12 mm in diameter, with white petals turning

pink toward end of anthesis; sepals sharp-pointed, reflexed at anthesis and
in fruit; styles 3—5; fruits lustrous, bright red with light warts, to 17mm
long, obovate or rounded-ovate. Fl. May, fr.from end of August. (Plate
XXVIII, Figure 1).

Riverbanks, on sandy soils, stony slopes; solitary trees or in tree and
shrub thickets. — Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap. -Ch., Manchuria,
Korea, N. China. Described from Chihli Province. Type in Leningrad.

Economic importance. Cultivated in parks in the European part of the
Soviet Union, but seldom, although this is one of the most ornamental
representatives of this genus.

422

Section 2. SANGUINEAE Zbl.in Beissn., Schelle u. Zab., Handb. d.
Laubholzben. (1903) 174 (ex parte). - Eusanguineae Rehder in Frut.
Vilm. Cat. prim. (1904—1905) 111.—Section Sanguineae C.K.Schn., 111.
Handb. Laubh. 1 (1906) 77. Fruits mealy, with 3—5 nutlets, strongly
compressed and pitted laterally.

Cycle Sanguineae A. Pojark.— Fruits red or yellow, with yellowish,
mealy flesh; inflorescences glabrous.

2. C.sanguinea Pall. Fl. Ross. 1,1 (1784) 25; Ldb., Fl. Ross. Il, 1, 88
(ex parte:. excl. pl. dahur.); Shmal'g., Fl. 1,350; Voronov in Fl. Yugo-
Vost. V (1931) 496; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VII, 1466.— Crataegus sangui-
nea var.typica Rgl.in A.H.P.1I(1871—1872) 115 (excl. syn. plur.).—
Mespilus purpurea Poir.in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. IV (1816) 73.—
M.sanguinea Spach, Hist. veg. II (1834) 62.—Ic.: Pall.,l.c., tab. XI.

Tall shrub, less often small tree, 1—4m high; shoots strong, purple-
brown, lustrous, usually with thick, straight spines 2.5—4cm long; stipules
falcate or obliquely cordate, coarsely glandular-dentate; leaves on short
shoots 2—6cm long, 2.5—5 cm broad, those on vegetative shoots to 9.7 cm
long, usually hairy on both sides, dark green above, much lighter below,
obovate to broad-rhomboid, acute, usually cuneate and entire at base,
shallowly 3—7-lobed or coarsely dentate; lobes serrate; leaves on sterile
shoots sometimes more deeply lobed or parted, occasionally almost
dissected at base; inflorescences rather dense, 3—4cm long,4—5cm in
diameter, with caducous filiform bracts; pedicels and outside of hypanthium
often slightly hairy; sepals oblong-triangular, entire or with 1 or 2 teeth;
flowers 12—15mm in diameter; stamens 20, with purple anthers; styles

322

usually 3 less often 4, exceptionally 2 or 5; fruits 8—10mm in diameter,
blood-red, very rarely orange-yellow (v.chlorocarpa C. Koch), pellucid,
with 3 or 4 nutlets and with mealy flesh. Fl. May-— June, fr.from August.
(Plate XXVIII, Figure 4).

Open forests, forest edges, riverbanks and riverain deciduous forest
strips, in the forest and forest-steppe zones and at the edges of the steppe
zone.— European part:U. V.— E. part, in the former Aleksandrov and
Pereyaslav counties (Flerov) — W.border; V.-Kama — W part as far as
Glazov, V. -Don, Transv.; W. Siberia: to 62°N ; Ob Irt., Alt (except E part);
E. Siberia: S.half), U. Tob., Yenis.(S part), Lena-Kol. (S. part), Ang. -Say.,
Dau. (W. part, Selenga and Barguzin); Centr. Asia: Dzu-Tarb.and Balkh.
Gen. distr.: Mong.-Tuva ASSR and N. Mong. (as far east as Urga [Ulan
Bator]). Described from the S.Urals. Type in London.

Note. In regions where the distribution areas of C.sanguinea
coincide with those of C.altaica Lge. and C.dahurica Koehne, these
species form hybrids intermediate in their characters between the parental
species.

Economic importance. Most widespread species of hawthorn cultivated
in the Soviet Union; mainly used for hedgerows.

423

3. C.dahurica Koehne ex C.K.Schn., Handb.d. Laubh.I (1906) 773;
Fedde, Repert. III (1907) 224; Kom.and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost.kraya
(1932) 637.— C.sanguinea (non Pall.) Turez., Fl. baic. -dah.I, 408. —
C.sanguineaa genuina et8 glabra Maxim., Prim. fl.amur. (1859)
101; Kom., Fl. Manch.II (1904) 469.— C.chitaensis Sarg., Pl. Wilson. I
2 (1912) 183.— Ic.: C.K.Schn.,1l.c., f. 457, n-o.

Tree or small shrub 2—6m high; shoots dark purple, unarmed or with
spines 1—2.5cm long; leaves mostly glabrous on both sides, rarely with
short coarse pubescence above or even on both sides, those on short shoots
1.8—4.5cm long, 1.2 —3cm broad, oblong-obovate or oblong-rhomboid,
cuneately decurrent along petioles, with (5) 7—9 large (sometimes little
developed) teeth or small lobes on each side, serrate; leaves on sterile
shoots much larger and more deeply lobed, sometimes nearly partite with
truncate base; inflorescence 7—20-flowered; bracts filiform, caducous;
sepals oblanceolate, entire or with 1 or 2 teeth on each side, reflexed,
shorter than hypanthium; flowers ca.1.5cm in diameter, with purple anthers
(stamens 20); styles 2—4; fruits small, 6—8mm in diameter, globose or
slightly oblong, red or orange-red, apparently occasionally orange-yellow,
with 2—4 nutlets pitted ventrally. Fl. May, fr.August. (Plate XXVIII,
Figure 2).

Deciduous forests, forest edges, dry mountain slopes among trees and
shrubs, river valleys, flooded meadows. — E. Siberia: Yenis. (Bunyukonskii
and Onaon ranges), Lena-Kol.; nearly to 65° N., Ang. -Say. (E. part); Dau.;
Far East: Uda, Ze.-Bu., Uss. (Usually on the Amur, very rarely in S. part
of region). Gen. distr.: Jap. -Ch.(Manchuria), Mong. (N. Mong., Urga,

Kentei Range). Described after a cultivated specimen. Type in Berlin.

Economic importance. Occasionally in arboretae; :not widely cultivated.

424

4. C.altaica Lge., Revis. spec. gen. Grataegi (1897) 42 (excl. var.
villosa); C.K. Schn., Illustr. Handb. Laubh.I (1906) 773; Fedch., Consp.
fl. turk. III (1909) 41; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VII, 1467.— C.sanguinea var.

323

PLATE XXVIII. 1—Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.: a — b) nutlet; 2-C.dahurica Koehne:
a—b) nutlet; 3—C.altaica Lge.: a) flower, b) fruit,c—d) nutlet, e) leaf of C.altaica
var.incisa Rgl.,Pall.,leaf; 5—-C.chlorosarca Maxim.: a — b) nutlet.

427

inermis Kar.et Kir.in Bull. Soc. nat. Mosc. XIV (1841) 328; XV (1842) 351;
idb., Fl. Ross: 11, 1,88:—C.purpurea: 2.altaica Loud., Arb. Brit. II
(1844) 825.— C.sanguinea var.xanthocarpa etvar.incisa Rgl.in
A.H.P.1(1871—1872) 116.— C.songorica Rgl.in Delect. Sem. Hort.

Petr. (1876) 36 (nom.nud.), non C.Koch.— C.sanguinea var.songorica
Rgl.in sched.— C.pinnatifida Franch. (non Bge.) in Ann. Sc. Nat. 6

sér., XVI (1883) 288.— C.korolkovii L. Henry in Rev.hort., Nouv. sér.
LXXIII (1901) 308; M. Popov in Tr. Prikl. Bot., Sel.i Gen. XXII, 3 (1929)

feo. — C.alitadveal var -hissarica, Bornm,in sched:—:1ic.* luige:, l.c.,
foe; 1. tenry,1.c.,tab.col. A— Fi, C.K. Sehn., Le., fis. 437 1, 360k aur,

Small tree, usually unarmed, rarely with few thick 0.6—2cm straight
spines; annotinous shoots glabrous, lustrous, brownish red, beset with light
lenticels; older shoots yellowish gray or reddish gray; stipules large,
cordate or falcate, withlarge teeth terminating in a gland; leaves usually
broadly triangular-oval to orbicular (f.latifolia M.Pop.in sched.), from
3.5cm (at base of flowering shoots) to 12cm long, 2.5—10cm broad, on the
average 6.5cm; leaves acute, broadly truncate, less often rounded, shallowly
cordate, or rounded-cuneate at base, dull, glaucous-green above, lighter
below, mostly subglabrous, less often sparsely puberulent above, shallowly
7 —9-lobed, the lower horizontal lobes usually much larger than the others,
sometimes subentire; rarely but throughout the distribution area there are
specimens with leaves deeply lobed (especially on sterile shoots), nearly
pinnatisect at base, sometimes even with remote lower lobes: C.altaica
varmen sa -C. k.Sehn: (Cs Sanguinea v.incisa Rgl.,C.wattiana v.
incisa C.K.Schn.); leaf margin acutely dentate; inflorescences 20—50-
flowered, glabrous; pedicels ca.6.5mm long;sepals triangular-lanceolate,
curved, shorter than and appressed to the hypanthium, entire or with 1 or
2 small teeth; flowers white; stamens 20; anthers white; styles nearly
always 5 (very rarely 4); ovary apex sparsely hairy. Fruiting abundantly,
slightly nodding; fruits 8— 12mm in diameter, globose or slightly
flattened above, rarely oblong, their color varying at maturity from ocher-
or orange-yellow (f.flava M. Pop.) to orange-brown (f.fusca Lge.,
f.rubescens M.Pop.), with very soft, mealy, light yellow, tasty flesh.

Fl. May — June, fr. August-September. (Plate XXVIII, Figure 3).

Forests on mountain slopes and ravines, in the middle mountain zone. —
European part: L.V., vicinity of Ural'sk in the chalky mountains: an
insular habitat, the northwesternmost limit of the species: W. Siberia: Alt.
(village of Ul'binskii); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp.(Mugodzhary to Ulu-Tau),
Dzu.-Tarb.,Pam.-Al.: N.slope of the Alai Range, Shugnan, Darvaz, Gissar,
Zeravshan; throughout Tien Shan (very frequent in the W., rare in Centr.)
Gen.distr.: apparently Afghanistan. Described after a cultivated specimen
reputedly from the Altai. Type unknown.

Economic importance. Rather common in cultivation but usually
confused with C.sanguinea Pall.

Note. A hawthorn very closely related to C.altaica has been
described from [former] British Baluchistan as C.wattiana Hemsl.et
Lace (Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVIII, 1891, 323, tab. 40). Schneider considers it
identical to C.altaica Lge. (Fedde, Repert. III, 1906, 229), Rehder; however,
(Man. Cult. Trees a. Shr. 763) distinguishes two independent species,
indicating a number of differences. Owing to the lack of material from
Baluchistan, it is better to adopt the second opinion.

325

Hybrids of C.altaica Lge.X C.pontica C.Koch have been collected
in W. Tien Shan. The specimens examined have white-tomentose-pubescent
young shoots, axial parts of inflorescence, and petioles; leaves pubescent
below or on both sides, usually resembling in shape those of C.altaica,
less often those of C.pontica; fruits (immature) small, with 5 pitted
nutlets, slightly flattened at the poles.

C-dshungarica’ Abi. (p.351) is a hybrid of C.altaica Lge. X
C.songorica C.Koch. Hybrids of C.altaica Lge.X C.sanguinea
Pall.are rather common in regions where the two distribution areas
coincide.

C.tianschanica A. Pojark. (p.351) is probably a hybrid of
Cvaltavear Lge XC. wrkestaniiceal Ay Pojark:

5. C.maximowiczii C.K. Schn., Handb.d. Laubholzk.(1906) 771; Kom.
in A.H.P.XXXIX, 1 (1923) 74; Kom.and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost.
kraya II (1932) 637.—C. Sanguinea v.villosa Maxim., Prim. fl.amur.
(1859) 101: Kom., Fl. Mansh. II (1904) 469.— C.altaica v. villosa Lge.,
Rev. Sp. gen. Grat. (1897) 42-— le: (C. Kesehn ll es ite 43a bretosa see

Shrub or small tree to 7m high; young shoots with dense spreading hairs,
annotinous shoots subglabrous, with lustrous reddish-brown bark; spines
absent or few, 1.5—3.5cm long, thick; stipules large, lanate, cordate at
base, incised-dentate; leaves on short shoots 3.5—8cm long, 2.5—5cm
broad, obovate, with cuneate base, scattered-hairy above, more or less
(sometimes very densely) velvety-pubescent above, shallowly 9—13-lobed
or incised, the lobes often obtuse; margins unequally serrate; leaves on
vegetative shoots to 13cm long, 10cm broad, mostly deeply trilobate;
inflorescences rather dense, corymbiform, to 5cm in diameter, with densely
hairy axes and pedicels; flowers ca.1.5cm in diameter; hypanthium and
sepals tomentose; stamens 20; styles 3—5; fruits initially hairy, later
glabrous,red. Fl.end of May, June, fr.from August.

Riverrain deciduous forest strips, crests, meadows of flooded valleys,
forest edges, dry mountain slopes; solitary trees or shrubs.— E. Siberia:
rarely; Ang. -Say.(near Irkutsk), Dau.(on the Shilka River near Sretensk);
Far East: Uda, Ze.-Bu., Uss.,Sakh. Described from the Amur. Type in
Leningrad.

Economic importance. Rarely cultivated.

428

6. C.remotilobata H. Raik.ex M. Pop.in Bull. Appl. Bot., Gen. a. Plant
breed. XXII, 3(1929) 438.

Small tree; young shoots glabrous; annotinous shoots dark, reddish brown,
lustrous, older shoots with mottled brownish-gray bark; spines slender,
0.6—2.5cm long; leaves (2 .5)3-—T7cem long, firm, oblong-ovaie, broadly
truncate at base, gradually acuminate, glabrous on both sides, usually deeply
7-partite, often dissected to base, the lower lobes sometimes quite separate,
less often the blade incised into 7 lobes only to the middle; lobes oval-
lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, usually acutely denticulate only
on outer margin, less often only slightly crenate or even entire; petioles
1.5—2.5 (3)cm long, glabrous; inflorescences 25 —70-flowered, glabrous;
sepals broadly triangular to triangular-lanceolate, acute, slightly shorter
than hypanthium; stamens 20, with white anthers; styles 4 or 5; fruits red,

326

429

small,4—6mm,rarely 6—9mm, globose, red; nutlets 3—5, triangular,
strongly pitted laterally,3-—4mm long. Fl. May,fr.from end of August.

Riverbanks. — Centr. Asia: Pam. - Al. (Khodzhent, Kanibadam, and Gul'cha)
and W. Tien Shan, in the Chatkal River valley; known mainly from the
cultivated area of the Tashkent oasis, where it is often found in irrigation
ditches and at roadsides. Endemic. Described from the vicinity of
Khodzhent. Type in Leningrad.

Note. C.remotilobata is clearly differentiated from C.altaica
by its smaller red fruits with 3 or 4 very small nutlets; inflorescences with
more branches and more flowers, and leaves from very deeply dissected to
partite (resembling those of C.altaica var.incisa but much smaller).

Series Nigrae A. Pojark.— Fruits black with greenish flesh; nutlets
4 or 5, with large hypostyle, longitudinally grooved on back and sides.
Apart from the USSR species, this series includes C.nigra W.et K. —
which was erroneously referred to the section Pentagynae — and
C.jozana C.K.Schn.in Japan.

7. C.chlorosarca Maxim.in Bull.Soc. Nat. Mosc. LIV, 1 (1879) 20;
C.K. Schn., Handb. Laubholzk.I (1906) 173; Kom., Fl. Kamch. II (1929)

235; Hulten, Fl. Kamtch. III (1929) 49.—C. oexyacanthalcirwuctip, 2ubro
et nigro,Krashenn., Kamch. 2nd edit. (1786) 309.— C.oxyacantha

(non L.) Pennat, Arch. Zool. (1784) CXV; Georgi, Beschreib. III, 4, 1009

(ex parte, quoad pl. kamtsch.).— C.sanguinea Pall. (ex parte, quoad. pl.
kamtsch.) I (1784) 25; C.K.Schn.,1.c., (ex parte, quoad pl. kamtsch. ).—
C.mandshurica hort.Buek. Vernacular name: kharem.

Tree to,6m high, with dense crown; branches erect, flexible, frequently
knotty; bark on young shoots dark purple, on old shoots gray; spines short,
1—1.5cm; stipules falcate, broad, dentate; leaves 4.5—8cm long, to
3.5—8 (9)cm broad on short shoots, to 13cm long and 10cm broad on long
shoots, glabrous on both sides or scattered-hairy above and rather densely
pubescent below, or else hairy on both sides, oval, broadly cuneate, less
oftene truncate at base, shallowly 9—11-lobed or incised, serrate;
inflorescences 4—9cm_in diameter; 1.5—3cm long, few-flowered, glabrous,

-much shorter than leaves; sepals lanceolate-triangular, dentate,

430

taper-tipped, half as long as or equal to hypanthium, glabrous or hairy
inside; petals orbicular, clawed; stamens 20; styles 5; fruits black at
maturity with greenish flesh, red when immature, with 4 or 5 nutlets pitted
at the sides. Fl.July, fr. August-September. (Plate XXVIII, Figure 5).

Dry river terraces, edges of riparian forests, only in the forest zone
and not very close to the sea; solitary or in groups of 2 or 3 trees.— Far
East: Sakh., Kamch. (except N.). Gen.distr.: Jap. (Hokkaido). Described
after a cultivated specimen. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Maximowicz, quoting Krasheninnikov, cites in his list of
Kamchatka plants a red-fruited as well as a black-fruited hawthorn. He
believes that the latter may be C.sanguinea v.glabra Maxim.; this,
in fact,is a synonym of C.dahurica Koehne, which does not grow in
Kamchatka. It is likely that specimens of C.chlorosarca with
immature fruits were mistaken for red-fruited hawthorn; a less likely
possibility is that he had in mind Sorbus sambucifolia.

327

Economic importance. Ornamental, rarely cultivated in the Soviet Union;
its substitute species,C.nigra C.et K. — distinguished by the dense
velvety pubescence of underside of leaves and inflorescence, different leaf
shape, and smoother nutlets — is more widely cultivated.

Section 3. PENTAGYNAE Zbl.in Beissn., Schelle u. Zab., Handb.d.
Laubholzben. (1903) 178; C.K.Schn., 111. Handb. d. Laubh.I (1906) 277. —
Fruits black, with little-developed reddish flesh, the 3—5 triangular nutlets
smooth on the sides and with inconspicuous longitudinal grows on dorsal
side. Two species: C.pentagyna W.etK. and C.pseudomelano -
carpa M. Pop.

8. C.pentagyna W. et K.in Willd., Sp. pl. II, 2 (1799) 1006; Rgl.in
A.H.P I (1872) 113; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. Iv (1934) 290.—C. melanocarpa
M. B., Fl. taur. -cauc.1, 386; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 1, 89; Boiss., Fl. Or. II (1872)
661 (excl. var.heterophylla); Medv., Der.i kust. Kavk. (1919) 110.—
C.atrofusca Stev.ex Hoh., Enum. pl. Talysch (1836) 130 (nom. nud.).—?.
C.oliveriana Bosc in DC., Prodr.II (1825) 630.— Cloxyac anwhee yar.
oliveriana Lindl. in Bot. Reg. XXIII (1837) sub tab. 1933.— Mespilus
pentagyna Spreng., Syst.II (1825) 507; Shmal'g., F1.I, 350.—C. colchica
Grossh., Fl. cauc. IV (1934) 290.— Ic.: Rehb., Ic. Fl. Germ. XXV, tab. 101.

Tree 3—8 (12)m high, less often a tall shrub; young shoots lanate-
pubescent, less often glabrous; bark of branches gray; spines thin, 5—10mm
long, usually few; leaves dark green, lustrous, and hairy above, lighter and
dull below, more or less pubescent, often almost to velvety-tomentose
below (C.colchica Grossh.) or glabrous from the very beginning (v.
glabrata Trautv., var.atrofusca Boiss.); broadly cuneate or truncate,
sometimes slightly notched at base; leaves on flowering shoots 2—5.5cm
long, 1.5—5cm broad, the lower usually trilobate, the others 5— 7-pinnatifid;
lobes obtuse or pointed, acutely dentate near the apex; leaves on sterile
shoots larger and oftenbroader,to8—9cm long and broad, more deeply
dissected, the lower lobes sometimes incised; inflorescences to 10cm in
diameter, some with repeatedly branching axes of the second order, many-
flowered; pedicels, hypanthium, and outside of sepals usually more orwless
hairy, sometimes even tomentose; sepals ovate-triangular or broadly
triangular, mostly with a short sharp point, less often acute, spreading at
anthesis, erect in fruit; corolla 13—17mm in diameter; stamens 20; styles
3 —5, quite free or more or less fused; fruits black with glaucous bloom,
globose, the reddish flesh little developed; nutlets 3 — 5, smooth, triquetrous.
Fl. May — June, fr. end of August — September.

Forests and forest edges, among shrubs, in the Caucasus in the middle
forest zone. — European part: several habitats in the Ukraine — M. Dnp.
(Mgar near Lubny and Grebenniki), V.-Don (vicinity of Kharkov, Svyatye
Gory and Slavyansk),Crim.; Caucasus: all districts (absent in Daralagez
in Armenia). Gen.distr.: Centr. Eur. from Slavonia, Serbia, Bulgaria, and
Banat to Podolia and the Balkan Peninsula (to Thrace and Macedonia),

’ Turkish Armenia. Described from Hungary. Type in Berlin.

431

328

i
|

432

Note. Extremely polymorphic species with wide, discontinuous
distribution area. Geographical separation cannot be ascertained on the
basis of herbarium material; this question can be solved only by studying
the variability of C.pentagyna inthe field in the various regions where
it grows. C.pentagyna W.et K. apparently readily forms hybrids with
the most varied species; hybrids of C.pentagyna W.et K. XC.san-
guinea Pall.=~C.lambertiana Lge.,@ipentagyna W.et K.oxX
Cyerus galliL.=C.hiemalis Lge. Hybrids of C._pentagyna
usually have dark fruits and can be recognized by the reddish color of the
fruit flesh, by the deep umbilicus, and by the ascending fruiting sepals.

The following hybrids of C.pentagyna are often found in the Soviet Union:

C.pentagyna W.etK.XC.kyrtostyla Fingerh.— These hybrids are
most often found in the Crimea, N. Caucasus, and W.and S. Transc. (Zangezur),
E. Transc. (districts of Kirovabad and Kuba), and Talysh. The hybrids are
mostly intermediate: fruits usually ellipsoid, from dark red to purple-black
(without bloom), the flesh usually colored, with 2 or 3 nutlets (with slight
admixture of fruits with 1 or 4 nutlets); inleafshape, pubescence, shape and
position of sepals they show a range of transitions between the two species.
These hybrids are usually cited as C.oxyacantha.

C.pentagyna W.et K.XC.monogyna Jacq., collected in the Crimea
and the N.Caucasus. These hybrids have dark red fruits, with mostly 2,
rarely 1 or 3 nutlets; leaves bicolor, often with waxy bloom below, with
few-toothed, mostly subobtuse lobes as in C.monogyna. Quite frequent
in the Crimea; according to available material they show great consistency
of characters and, therefore, should be described under a separate name —
C.dipyrena A. Pojark.(p.351). Pallas's C.digyna Pall. (Ind. taur.
1796, p. 107 — nom. nud.) may belong here.

C.zangezura A. Pojark. (p. 352) is one the hybrids whose parental
species is C.pentagyna W.et K.

Ceuta Sy na Wiet Kx C orientalis Pall, — leconsidersacsa aybrmad
of these species C.schraderiana Ldb. (p.353), described (by Schrader
as S.sanguinea Schrad. and renamed by Ledebour) after cultivated
specimen grown from seeds obtained from E.Crimea. Hawthorn identical
to the Schrader specimen has been discovered in Zangezur, where it
shows consistency of characters, being, apparently, an hereditarily stable
form.

9. C.pseudomelanocarpa M.Pop.sp.n.in Addenda VIII, p. 384, Linchevskii,
Rast. Zap. Kopet-daga, Rast. resursy Turkm.I (1935) 59 (nom. mud. ).—
C.melanocarpa M. Pop.in Bull. Appl. Bot., Gen. Plant. breed. XXII, 3
(1929) 436 (non M.B.).

' Small tree with densely pubescent, almost tomentose shoots and branches
covered with light gray bark; spines 5— 20mm long, straight; leaves light
green, 14—35mm long, 8— 35mm broad, those at base of short shoots
cuneate or oval-cuneate, shallowly trilobate or trifid only at the apex, the
others 5— 7-lobed, oval, mostly truncate or rounded-truneate at base, less
often rounded-cuneate; leaves on sterile shoots more deeply parted,

329

433

sometimes almost dissected at base; lobes directed forward, horizontal
only on sterile shoots, entire or with few teeth above the middle;
inflorescence dense, to 6cm in diameter, the axis more or less lanate-
pubescent; pedicels and hypanthium subglabrous; ovary mostly slightly
hairy; flowers 9—12mm in diameter; stamens 20; styles 5; sepals
recurved in young fruits; mature fruits black, without bloom, 7—8mm in
diameter. Fl. June, fr.September.

Ravines.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Kara-Kala District). — Gen. distr.:
Iran. -mountains of the S. shore of the Caspian (Asterabad and Mazanderan).
Described from the Ioldere Gorge. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Distinguished from C.pentagyna by differently shaped,
smaller, lighter leaves, smaller flowers, fruits without glaucous bloom,
and larger spines. ;

C.pseudomelanocarpa M. Pop.,like its substitute species
C.pentagyna W.et K.produces hybrids with species of other sections
growing in the same sites. C.pseudoazarolus M. Pop. (p.354) isa
hybrid of C.pseudomelanocarpa XC.pontica C.Koch. There are
apparently hybrids of C.pseudomelanocarpa XC.turcomanica;
the specimens from W. Kopet Dagh collected in the Ioldere Gorge
apparently also belong here: flowers 1 —3, pistillate, leaves cuneate,
glaucous below, with lobes closely approximate in upper part of blade.

C.pseudoambigua A. Pojark. (p.355) with black fruits and 2 nutlets
is a hybrid of C.pseudomelanocarpa M.Pop.XC.turkestanica
A. Pojark.

Section 4. AZAROLI Loud., Arb. et frut. brit., IL ed. 2 (1844) 326.—
Orientales Zbl. in Beissner, Schelle u. Zabel., Hand. d. Laubholz.
(1903) 179; C.K.Schn., Ilustr. Handb. d. Laubholz. I (1906) 781.—
Inflorescences tomentose-pubescent, compact, with short axes and pedicels;
fruits yellow or reddish orange or (?) red; nutlets 2—5, smooth ventrally
or laterally; anthers white; petioles (7/10) /g—/3 as long as the blade.

Economic importance. The fruits of species of this section deserve
more attention than those of other sections of this genus, since they are not
only larger and more fleshy but also have a pleasant taste.

Series Orientales A. Pojark.— Fruits reddish orange, with 5 (4) nutlets;
sepals recurved.

10. C. orientalis Pall. ex M.B., Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 387; III, 322;
Pallas, Index taur. (1796) 107 (nom. nudum); Grossg., Fl. Kavk. IV (1934)
290.—Mespilus odoratissima Andr. Bot. Repos. IX (1810) tab.
0s — Catanacetitolia sh taunrica WG.) Prodralt (1825) 629. —
C.tanacetifolia Ldb., Fl. Ross. Il, 1, 90 (non Pers.); Steven in
Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIX, 1 (1856) 248.— Phaenopyrum odora-
tissimum Roem., Syn. monogr. (1847) 158.— C. tanacetifolia var.
orientalis Rgl. in A.H.P. 1(1871) 114; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 350.— Ic.:

330

434

Bot. Reg. (1836) tab. 1885; Bot. Mag. tab. 2314; Vol'f and Palib., Der. I
kust., figure on p. 449 (leaves). — Vernacular names: gevizh' (Armenian,
vicinity of Erevan), tsiteli gambro (Georgian, Ateni).

Branching shrub 1—2.5(3)m high or small tree 3—5 m high, very rarely
larger, with densely pubescent-tomentose shoots, of which many transformed
into leafy spines; leaves firm, dull, with dense soft grayish pubescence on
both sides, 3—8(10) times as long as the petiole, oblong-ovate or obovate,
cuneate at base; lower leaves on flowering shoots trilobate, the others
5—7-fid, often very deeply so, nearly to midrib; lobes usually narrow,
usually 3—3.5 times as long as broad (2.5—4.1), with 1—4 teeth at the apex;
lower lobes sometimes with a deep lobelike incision; leaves on sterile
shoots broader, often with truncate base; inflorescence very compact,
few-flowered, densely whitish-tomentose, with very shortaxes and pedicels
2—3(5) mm long; sepals lanceolate-triangular, long-acuminate, sometimes
tapering to a subulate sharp point; corolla 15—20mm in diameter;
stamens 20; styles 5,rarely 4; fruits 13—20mm in diameter, strongly
flattened at the poles, pentagonal, reddish orange, slightly hairy or glabrous,
with mostly 5, rarely 4 triquetrous nutlets. Fl. June, beginning of July,
fr. from September. (Plate XXIX, Figure 1).

Middle mountain zone, dry stony slopes covered with shrubs. — European
part: Crim. — S. and N. slopes of the Crimean Mountains, as far east as
Feodosiya; Caucasus: S.,S.,and W. Transc. (Kura River valley and further
south), Tal. Gen. distr:: Bal.-As. Min. and S. Greece. Described from
the Crimea. Type in London.

Economic importance. In the Caucasus the local population collects the
fruits, which are distinguished by a pleasant, rather acid taste; they are
found in markets and mostly eaten raw, less often they are ground and
mixed with flour for the preparation of a sweetish bread. Owing to its
drought-resistance, this shrub may be of as great interest for arid regions
as C.pontica C. Koch, since individual specimens yield fruits as large
and fleshy as those of the latter species. These very dense and spiny shrubs
can be recommended for hedgerows. The wood is used for tool handles.

Series Szovitsianae A. Pojark.— Fruits (apparently red) with 3 or 4
styles; fruiting sepals erect-spreading. One species.

11. C. szovitskii A. Pojark . sp. n. in Addenda VIII, p. 3850571 Gnome n=
talis 6 connecta Diapulis in Fedde, Repert. sp. no. XXXIV (1933)

56 (ex parte).

Shrub or small tree with brown-gray branches and crowded, very thick
strong shoots densely tomentose when young, most shoots becoming
shortish leafy spines; leaves firm, thick, glaucous, with almost continuously
appressed-pubescent below, more sparsely so above, with petioles Vy _ V6 as
long as the blade; lower leaves on flowering shoots obovate-cuneate,
coarsely dentate or incised only at the apex, leaves higher up trilobate but
the upper leaves usually deeply (to 4/4 of blade) 5-partite, broadly obovate-
rhomboid; middle lobe often cuneately tapering toward base, acute or

331

435

obtuse, the lateral lobes with parallel margins, acute, rather broad (1.5-2.5:1,
rarely 3:1), with few teeth near the apex, less often entire; leaves on sterile
shoots larger, deeply 5—9-partite with narrower, more incised lobes;
inflorescences to 5cm in diameter, compact, 10—12-flowered, densely white-
tomentose; pedicels 1.5—5mm long; sepals broadly triangular, with a
strong cusp, erect at anthesis, erect-spreading in fruit; corollaca. 18mm

in diameter; stamens 20; styles 3 or 4; fruits 12—15mm in diameter,
slightly hairy; mature herbarium specimens dark red with usually 3 or 4,
rarely 2 obtusely triangular nutlets; hypostyle triangular, attaining middle
of nutlet. Fl. July, fr. October.

Stony slopes among shrubs, forest edges in the middle mountain zone. —
Caucasus: E. Transc. (in E. Karabakh: vicinity of Shusha, Dzhebrail, and
Gadrut). Gen. distr.: Turkish Armenia (Kharput) and As. Min. (Tokat).
Described from the vicinity of Shusha. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Most closely related to C. orientalis Pall., from which it
is distinguished by number of styles, by shape and arrangement of fruiting
sepals, and by shape of broader-lobed leaves.

Economic importance. Very ornamental, suitable for hedgerows,
probably valuable as a fruit-bearing tree.

Series Ponticae A. Pojark.— Fruits yellow, with 2 or 3 nutlets.

12. C.pontica C. Koch, Crat. et Mesp. (1854) 49; Grossg., Fl. Kavk.;
IV (1934) 290.— C.azarolus Fedtsch., Consp. Fl. turk. I (1909) 18
(non L.); M. Popov in Tr. Prikl. Bot., Gen. i Sel. XXII, 3 (1929) 440;
auct. plur. turkest.— Ic.: M. Popov, 1.c., Fig. 98.— Vernacular names:
dulyana (Tadzhik), alyuch (Turcoman), tetri-gambro (Georgian, in Ateni);
dulyana, dulena (Uzbek).

Tree to 6—10 m high, with broad crown; shoots unarmed, thick, young
and annotinous shoots pubescent-tomentose; leaves firm, glaucous-green
on both sides, sparsely appressed-pubescent, more densely so above,
sometimes subglabrous when adult; lower leaves on fruiting shoots obovate-
cuneate, often oblong, decurrent along petioles, coarsely incised-dentate
at the apex or trilobate; upper leaves (3)4.5—6.5 cm long and broad, the
blade 3—6 times as long as the petiole, rhomboid or broadly obovate, broadly
cuneate at base, deeply 5-fid, the middle lobe often trifid or 7-partite;
lobes usually oblong, usually 3 times as long as broad (2.5—4:1), some
entire, some with 1—4 large teeth at the apex; specimens with all their
leaves broadly trilobate have been found exceptionally; inflorescences
3—5cm in diameter, (6)8—14-flowered, hairy to tomentose; pedicels 3—7cm
long; sepals broadly triangular, acute or acuminate, recurved in fruit;
corolla 15—-20mm in diameter; styles 2 or 3; fruits strongly flattened at the
poles, 15—25(28)mm in diameter, yellow, from ferruginous-green to orange-
yellow, often reddish laterally and with reddish dots; nutlets 3, obtusely
triquetrous, or else 2, with flat ventral side. Fl. June—July, fr. from
September. (Plate XXIX, Figure 2).

57173 332

436

At 1,000—1,200m (in Central Asia), on dry, usually stony, rarely fine-
earth slopes; solitary, scattered trees, sometimes forming small groves. —
Caucasus: E.Transc. (only in the Ateni Gorge near Gori, where it grows
on slopes with southern exposure, in lower part of gorge); Centr. Asia:
Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet Dagh), Pam.-Al, T.Sh.(W.). Gen. distr.: Iran. —

N. Iran (districts bordering on Turkm.), Arm. -Kurd. (Turkey— a few sites in thi
the Coruh River basin). Described from the vicinity of Ardanuch inthe Coruh
River valley. Type in Berlin.

Note. The Central Asian yeliow-fruited hawthorn with 2 or 3 nutlets is
identical to C. pontica C. Koch from the Coruh River valley, therefore it
should bear that name instead of C.azarolus as it has been erroneously
reported until now. Comparison of C.pontica C.Koch with the South
European yellow-fruited hawthorn known as C.azarolus L. has shown
that the latter is distinguished both by shape of fruits (globose or slightly
oblong, not flattened at the poles) and by very different leaf shape. Thus,
there is no reason to consider C.pontica C.Koch simply as a synonym
of C.azarolus; these are two well differentiated, closely related
geographic races, as is the Near Asian yellow-fruited hawthorn — associated
with them under the collective name C.azarolus — which has globose
fruits, deeply parted leaves half as large, and spiny shoots, and which
should be called C.aronia (Bosc) ex DC.

It is not quite clear whether C. pontica in Transcaucasia is fully
native or whether it is the result of naturalization of the Central Asian
hawthorn introduced into cultivation and which, apparently, has been cultivated
since antiquity far beyond the boundaries of its natural distribution area
(e.g., in various areas of N. and Central Iran).

Economic importance. Owing to the size, abundant flesh, and pleasant
taste of its fruit and to its great drought-resistance, it may be of importance
for the southern arid regions. The fruits are readily eaten by the local
population and are marketed. Nectariferous, very ornamental; wood
valuable for making small articles.

Section 5. OXYACANTHA Zbl. in Beissn., Schelle u Zab., Handb. d.
Laubholzben. (1903) 175; C.K.Schn., Ill. Handb. d. Laubh. I (1906) 779.—
Fruits from light red to purple-black, with 1—3 nutlets, the latter usually
with oblique furrow at the sides and slightly erose, with 1—4 longitudinal
shallow furrows on the back; flesh of fruit yellowish, inflorescence loose,
the axes and pedicels developed; anthers purple; leaves mostly pinnati-
partite, rarely deeply lobed; petioles 1 .5—2(4) times as long as the blade.

Series 1. Oxyacanthae A. Pojark.— Flowers 1 or 2, rarely 3 on long
pedicels in few-flowered umbellate corymbs; sepals broadly triangular,
spreading in fruit; styles (1)2 or 3; fruit globose, dark brown-red, with 2
or 3 nutlets; nutlets with oblique, oblong, sinuous pits on ventral side and

333

2 or 3 conspicuous longitudinal furrows on dorsal side; hypostyle narrow;
leaves with 3(5) broad crenate-dentate lobes at apex.

*C. oxyacantha L., Sp. pl. (1753) 477 (ex parte).— Mespilus oxy-
acantha All., Fl. Pedem. II (1785) 241.- Oxyacantha vulgaris
Roem., Medic. Phil. bot. I (1789) 109.- Mespilus laevigata Lam.,
Encycl. meth. II (1797) 489.-— C. oxycanthoides Thuill., Fl. Paris,
ed. 2 (1799) 245.—Ic.: Rchb., Ic. Fl. Germ. XXV, tab.103.— Vernacular
name: boyaryshnik obyknovennyi [common].

Shrub or small tree with glabrous shoots and light gray branches;
axillary spines 1—2 cm long (very few in cultivated specimens), sometimes
leafy spines present; leaves usually quite glabrous, very rarely with small
beards in angles of main veins below, thin, initially cartaceous, later
rather firm, bright green, slightly lighter below, obovate, cuneate at base,
with short petioles “4—'/2 as long as the blade; lower leaves entire, dentate
only at the apex, the others trilobate in upper part, the lobes mostly obtuse,
rarely acuminate, crenate-dentate, rarely acutely dentate, the middle lobe
sometimes trifid; leaves on sterile shoots larger, broader, more deeply
dissected, 3—5-partite; inflorescences glabrous, 6—10-flowered, sparse,
with 3 or 4 pedicels; sepals broad, oval-triangular, not longer than
hypanthium, spreading; stamens 18—20; styles 2 or 3; fruits to 12mm in
diameter. Fl. June, fr. from end of August.

Deciduous forests, forest edges, shrubby slopes. Does not grow wild in
the Soviet Union, but a series of garden varieties are often cultivated in
the central belt and inthe South, among them the double-flowering, dark
pink F.splendens C.K.Schn. and f. rubra C.K.Schn. with dark red
flowers with white middle part. Gen. distr.: all of Centr. Eur.,as far
east as the Baltic States, Poland, and S.Scand. Described from Austria.
Type in London.

Note. C.oxyacantha is constantly — and erroneously — recorded for
the European part of the Soviet Union, for the Crimea and the Caucasus.
Under this name are grouped — and confused — not only species whose
fruit have 2 or 3 nutlets (from series Ambiguae and Erianthae and
hybrids of C. pentagyna) but also C. kyrtostyla (mostly for the
European part of the Soviet Union).

Series 2. Erianthae A. Pojark.— Flowers in compound villous-tomentose
or villous-hairy corymbs; sepals triangular, long-acuminate, recurved in
fruit; styles (nutlets) 2,rarely 1 or 3; fruits large, vinaceous-red, the
nutlets flat ventrally, nearly smooth, convex dorsally, with 2 or 3 shallow
furrows; hypostyle narrow, long. Spines few; leaves and shoots hairy.
Apart from the Soviet Union species there are 2 others: C.laciniata
Ucria (Sicily, S. Spain, and N. Afr.) and C. persica A. Pojark. (mountains
of NE and Centr. Iran).

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439

Economic importance. Species of this series deserve attention as
ornamental; their fruits may also be of importance, since they are large,
fleshy, and tasty.

13. C.meyeri A. Pojark. sp. n. in Addenda VIII, p.386.— C.pectinata
(non Bosc) C.A.M. ex Hohenack. (ex parte) Enum. pl. Talysch (1836) 130
(nom. nud.); Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 1,191 (ex parte); Boiss., Fl. Or. II (1872)
663 (ex parte).— C. azarolus (non L.) Hohenack., 1.c.— C. oxyacantha
var. pectinata Schmalh., Fl. Sr. Ross.1(1895) 350 (ex parte: plant.
transcauc.).— C.tournefortii C.Koch (non Griseb.), Crat. et Mesp.
(1854) 47.—- C. ambigua var. hohenackeri (ex parte) C.K. Schn.,
Illustr. Handb. Laubh. (1906) 785.

Shrub or small tree, 1.5-—3m, sometimes to 4m high; shoots cherry-
colored, when young villous-tomentose and gray or mottled grayish red-
brown branches; some lateral sterile shoots short, transformed into leafy
spines; simple spines short, 5—10(15)mm long; leaves dark green above,
lighter below, pubescent on both sides, with much denser, lanate pubescence
below; lower leaves on short shoots oblong-oboval or obovate, cuneately
tapering toward base, dentate or incised only at the apex, or trilobate; upper
leaves obovate, rhomboid or oblong-rhomboid in outline, with broader, cuneate,
less often subtruncate base, mostly deeply 5-partite, the 3 upper subequal
lobes much smaller than lower lobes or with trifid large middle lobe, i.e.,
nearly or even fully 7-partite; leaf lobes mostly narrow, palmate at the
apex exteriorly, the upper sometimes entire, the notches between lobes
deep, cutting the blade to 2/— 4/5, narrow, often rimulose when lobe margins
nearly contiguous or even overlapping; lower notches below the middle,
mostly at level of lower third of blade; leaves of long shoots 5—7-lobed,
mostly with horizontally spreading lower lobes, the lobes broader, subobtose,
vee larger, partly incised teeth; petioles densely villous to tomentose,

(aay s—'pas long as the blade; inflorescence with dense continuous, grayish
tomentose pubescence on hypanthium, ovary, and often pedicels, small,

3 — 5 cmindiameter,composed of 3 — 4 branchlets withca.15 flowers; pedicels
3—10cm long, to 20cm only in lower flowers; corolla 15—17mm in diameter,
with 20 stamens; sepals oblong to lanceolate-triangular; styles 2, very
rarely 1; fruits dark vinaceous-red, 12—18 mm long, ovoid-globose, usually
obtusely pentangular, fleshy, succulent, with 2 (very rarely 1) nutlets. Fl.
May, fr. September—October (Plate XXIX, Figure 3).

Shrub thickets on stony mountain slopes, at 800—2,000m; solitary
shrubs.— Caucasus: E.Transc. (vicinity of Tbilisi), Tal., S: Transc.
(Armenia, Nakhichevan). Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. (Asia Minor), Arm.-
Kurd., Iran: W. part of Elburz Range (N.Iran). Described from the Garni-
chai River gorge,near Erevan in Armenia. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Species widespread in S. Transcaucasia; isolated and reported
with appropriate diagnosis only by Grossheim in ''Flora Kavkaza'' [Caucasian -
Flora] (as C. pectinata C.A.M.). Earlier authors did not differentiate

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440

it from other Caucasian species and forms having fruit with 2 or 3 nutlets,
such as C. caucasica C. Koch and various hybrids of C. pentagyna.
Usually they referred it toC, oxyacantha L..; otherwise they apparently
confused it with C. orientalis Pall., which it resembles to some extent
in habit owing to its dense pubescence and deeply lobed leaves.

14, C.eriantha A, Pojark. sp. n. in Addenda VII p.386.—-C. pe ctinata
(non Bose) C.A.M, ex Hohenack., Enum. pl. Talysch (1836) 330 (ex parte);
Ldb., Fl. Ross. Il, 1, 91 (ex parte); Boiss., Fl. Or. IL (1872) 663 (ex
parte). —- C.melanocarpa 8B heterophylla Boiss., l.c. 662 (ex
parte), - C.ambigua var. hohenackeri C, K.Schn., I 11. Handb, Laubh.
1 (1906) 785 (ex parte),

Shrub or small tree; shoots dark brown, villous~hairy when young;
branches dark gray; sterile shoots often thick and short, some transformed
into leafy spines, simple spines slender, ca, lem long; leaves dark green
above, with rather sparse, appressed, bristly hairs, adult leaves sometimes
subglabrous, lighter below, mostly sparsely, sometimes densely pubescent;
lower leaves on fruiting shoots oboval or oblong-oboval, with rounded or
truneate, entire or unequally and acutely dentate apex, the upper leaves
mostly obovate to the middle or incised to Ms into 5 or 7 triangular-oval
acuminate lobes with 1-5 rather large teeth at the apex exteriorly, the
upper lobes often entire; notches between lobes broad, triangular, acute,
the lowest at middle of blade; leaves on sterile shoots characterized by a
broadly cuneate base, with subhorizontal lower lobes near base, by more
dentate lobe margins, and by narrower, deeper notches between the lobes;
sepals Me as long as the blade; inflorescences to 6cm in diameter,
loose, mostly with dense to grayish-tomentose pubescence on hypanthium;
pedicels 7-22 mm long; flowers 18-22 mm in diameter; sepals oblong-
triangular to lanceolate-triangular, often with long-tapering tip; stamens 20;
styles 2, less often 1; fruits with 2(1) nutlets; mature fruits unknown, May.

Among shrub thickets on stony mountain slopes. — Caucasus: E.Transc.
(Kirovabad and Shirvan Steppe). Endemic. Described fromthe Gandzha
River in the vicinity of Kirovabad. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Distinguished from C. meyeri A. Pojark. by its leaves, which
are dissected less deeply and only in upper part. Requires further study.

15. C.taurica A. Pojark. sp. nov. in Addenda VUI, p.387,.—- C.am bigua
8 hohenackeri C.K. Schneid., I 11. Handb, d. Laubholz. I (1906) 785 (ex
parte: quoad pl. ex Taur.).— Exs.: A. Callier, Iter. taur. tert. No, 589 (sub
C.orientali Pall.); J. Dorfler, Herb. normale No. 4663 (sub
C.orientali Pall.).

Small tree or arborescent shrub with dark cherry-red, more or less
villous-hairy shoots and branches covered with gray or mottled bark (partly
dark gray, partly dark brown), and with few short (ca. lem) spines and
lateral shoots partly transformed into leafy spines; leaves dark green and
covered with sparse, appressed, crisp hairs or subglabrous above, lighter
with rather dense and soft pubescence below; lower leaves on short shoots
oval-cuneate, at the apex coarsely dentate or trifid; upper leaves broadly
obovate to orbicular or rhomboid, with cuneate or rounded-cuneate base,
tripartite or with trifid middle lobe or else 5-partite with 3 upper lobes
much smaller than the lower; lobes mostly broadly oval, less often

336

oblong-oval, the upper with 1-3 teeth at the apex exteriorly, the lower
sometimes acutely dentate from the middle and often with few teeth on
inner side; notches between lobes acute, the lower at middle of blade,
rarely at level of lower third, cutting the blade to 7h—°/4; leaves on sterile
shoots 5—7-partite with truncate base, with large, broad lobes often nearly
dissected at base; petioles My? lg as long as the blade, villous-hairy;
inflorescences large, to 9cm in diameter, composed of 5—7 branches, with
(2)3—5 flowers, strongly villous-hairy, often the pedicels and especially the
hypanthium and outside of sepals nearly white-tomentose; sepals usually
not longer than hypanthium, triangular, acute or short-acuminate, subglabrous
inside except for the tip; corolla 15mm in diameter, with 17-20 stamens
and 2,less often 1(3) styles. Mature fruits unknown. May, beginning of
June.

Among shrubs on stony slopes.— European part: Crim.— known from
E.part: Kerch Peninsula, vicinity of Feodosiya and Staryi Krym, and on
N. slope (Neisats) near Simferopol'. Endemic. Described from the Kerch
Peninsula. Type in Leningrad.

441

16. C.ucrainica A. Pojark. sp. nova in Addenda VIII, p. 388, —
C.oxyacantha var. dipyrena Trautv. in sched.

Shrub; shoots cherry red, villous-hairy when young, later subglabrous
or glabrous; bark of branches brownish gray; spines slender, 12—20mm
long; lateral sterile shoots partly transformed into leafy spines; leaves
initially thin, later firm, darker and subglabrous or with sparse appressed,
crisp hairs above, mostly rather sparsely lanate-pubescent below; lower
leaves on fruiting shoots cuneate or obovate, at the apex coarsely incised-
dentate, trifid, or shallowly trilobate, higher leaves obovate or broadly
rhomboid to orbicular, rather shallowly (to My— ly ) dissected into 5—7 lobes;
lobes broad, ovate-triangular, partly unequally incised-serrate from the
middle along outer margin, sometimes even nearly from base; notches
between lobes broad, acute, the lower at middle of blade, less often lower;
inflorescence loose, to 9cm in diameter, composed of 5—7 branches, with
10—20 flowers, the pubescence villous, less dense than in the preceding
species; pedicels 5-20mm long; flowers ca. 15mm in diameter; sepals
triangular-lanceolate, long-acuminate, covering nearly all of the hypanthium;
styles 2 (or 1 or 3);stamens 20; mature fruits globose or pentagonal
toward base, 11-13 cm long, dark vinaceous-red. Fl. June, fr. September.

Slopes of riverbanks and terraces, among shrubs, forest edges, and open
deciduous forests.— European part: U.Dnp. (SW part: to Chernigov and
the former Starodub and Trubchevsk counties); M.Dnp. Gen. distr.:
Centr.Eur. (Carpathian area and further west). Described from the
Ukraine (Lubny). Type in Leningrad.

Series 3. Sphaenophyllae A. Pojark.— Flowers in compound villous-~
tomentose corymbs; sepals lanceolate-triangular, long-acuminate, recurved
in fruit; style 1; fruits ovoid, purple-red; nutlet slightly compressed
laterally and slightly erose, with 2 or 3 shallow longitudinal furrows on
dorsal side; hypostyle broadly triangular, short; shoots and leaves hairy.
Unarmed. One species.

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17. C.sphaenophylla A.Pojark sp. n. in Addenda VIII, p. 388. |

Tall shrub; young shoots villous-hairy; annotinous shoots glabrous, red- |
brown, with glaucous bloom; branches brownish gray, the older macular, |
gray-brown with gray patches of peeling bark; leaves dull, short, slightly
crisp-pubescent on both sides, somewhat more densely so below, the blade
2—2.5 times longer than the hairy petiole, oblong-obovate-cuneate, decurrent
along the petiole; lower leaves on flowering shoots truncate, coarsely dentate |
or trifid at the apex; upper leaves to 5cm long, 3.5cm broad, trilobate, the |
middle lobe usually broader than the lateral, coarsely dentate or incised-dentate;
lateral lobes acute, unequally serrate or biserrate on outer side, sometimes
only near the apex; inflorescences dense, composed of 5—7 branchlets, with
up to 20 flowers, densely, subtomentosely villous like the hypanthium and |
outside of sepals; sepals long, completely covering the hypanthium; stamens
20; styles with broad stigmas; fruits 10-—14mm long, 9—12 mm broad;
ovoid, slightly angular toward base, with light waxy bloom. Blo duneseine
September.

Shrub thickets on slopes.— European part: Crim. (near Karadag station
in the vicinity of Feodosiya and near Alushta). Endemic. Described from |
Karadag. Type in Leningrad. |

Note. C.sphaenophylla has some characteristics in common with
species of the series Erianthae, particularly with its Crimean representative
C.taurica: villous pubescence of all parts, especially of inflorescence,
similar shape of sepals, and fruits somewhat angular toward base. However,
its other characters are completely uncharacteristic of that series:
consistently 1 style (nutlet), rather light purple-red fruits with a waxy bloom..
If the possibility of C. sphaenophylla being a hybrid of) © =tamraca
is admitted, it will be very difficult to imagine its second parent-species,
since C. sphaenophylla is distinguished by a very peculiar leaf shape,
different from that of other Crimean species, and by rather light-colored
fruits; C. microphylla, the Crimean hawthorn with the lightest-colored
fruits, should definitely be excluded as a possible parent species of
C.sphaenophylla because of its simple, few-flowered inflorescences,
erect sepals, add the characteristic shape and dentation of its leaves.

Economic importance. Highly ornamental due to the distinctive shape
of the leaves and the brightly colored fruits.

442

Series 4. Ambiguae A. Pojark.— Flowers in compound, glabrous
corymbs; sepals triangular or ovate-triangular, recurved in fruit; styles
(nutlets) 2, very rarely 1 or 3; fruits from dark blood-red to purple-black,
covered with light dots, flesh yellow; nutlets broad, the ventral side flat,
nearly smooth, the dorsal side convex, with 2 or 3 furrows; hypostyle
narrow, long. Spines only short, leafless, often absent. The 6 species cited
below belong to this series.

443

18. C.ambigua C.A.M., Ind. Sem., Hort. Petr. (1858); Becker in Bull.
Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXI (1858) 12, 34; Voronov in Fl. Yugo-Vost. V (1931)
196.— C. sororia C.A.M. in sched.— Ic.: Fl. Yugo-Vost. V, Figure 21.

Shrub or small tree with dark gray branches; shoots slightly hairy when —
young, later glabrous, red-brown, sometimes beset with axillary spines,

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444

5-15 mm long, occasionally with developed leafy spines; leaves light green
with rather sparse, later almost disappearing appressed pubescence above,
with beards in angles of veins below, and with hairy margins; lowest leaves
on flowering shoots cuneate, trilobate or nearly incised-dentate at the apex,
short-petioled, the other leaves broadly ovate, truncate or broadly cuneate
at base, 5—7-partite; lobes acute, the upper broader (ie) erect, the lower
narrower (1.5—2:1), more or less horizontally spreading, with few acute
unequal teeth near the apex, the upper lobes sometimes entire, the lower
often with one deep incision; notches broad, especially the lower in lower
third and deeply cutting half-blade to als: inflorescences shorter than
leaves, sparse, 5—12-flowered, to 4cm long,to 5cm in diameter, the 2—4-
branchlets 1—3-flowered, usually not branching, glabrous, less often with
slightly villous-hairy pedicels and then hypanthium lanate; pedicels 8— 20
mm long; sepals ovate-triangular or broadly triangular, tapering at the
apex or abruptly mucronulate, hairy on the margin and at the tip; styles

1 or 2; fruits globose or globose-ellipsoid, 11—14 mm in diameter, purple-
black with light dots, fleshy and succulent, with globose or broadly-ellipsoid
nutlets. Fl. May,fr. from end of August. (Plate XXIX, Figure 4).

Hill slopes, high riverbanks and gullies, shrubs, among forest edges;
solitary, not avoiding chalky and saline gypsiferous slopes. — European
part: V.-Don, L.Don, L.V. Endemic. Described from Krasnoarmeisk.
Type in Leningrad.

Economic importance. According to Becker, the fruits of this species
are rather tasty, but if eaten in large quantities they cause poisoning and
vomiting. Suitable for prickly hedges; ornamental.

Note. The hawthorn with black fruits and 2 nutlets cited by M. G. Popov
as C.ambigua also for the Kopet Dagh has been described below as
C.pseudoambigua A.Pojark. (p.466). It is a hybrid of C. pseudo-
mom ocarpa Mi Pop. Xx Ci turkestanica A. Pojark.

19. C.volgensis A. Pojark. sp. n. in Addenda VIII, p.388.— C.mo-
nogyna var. laciniata Korsh., Tent. fl. Ross. orient. (1898) 148.

Shrub or small tree; shoots slender, pale brown, mostly covered with
sparse long hairs, usually with slender, straight axillary spines 8-—l15mm
long; leafy spines rare; bark of branches brownish gray; leaves thin,
with short, appressed, scattered hairs — denser along the veins — above,
with beards in angles of veins below, hairy on the margin, especially in
notches and near base; lower leaves on flowering shoots trilobate, obovate,
cuneate at base; upper leaves to 6cm long, 5cm broad, ovate, nucronate,
truncate or broadly cuneate at base, 7—9-lobed; lobes acute or acuminate,
the upper broader (1:1), the lower narrower (to 2:1), all leaves unequally
more or less appressed-serrate along outer margin from the middle or
even nearly from base, sometimes — especially lower leaves — with one
Shallow incision in upper part; lower notches — at least at base — narrow,
rimulose, situated in lower part of leaf and usually deeply (to a) or more)
cutting half-blade; upper notches rarely deeper than the middle; petioles
hairy, + gaa as long as the blade; leaves on sterile shoots deeply 7—9-
partite, the lobes usually serrate on both sides; inflorescences much shorter
than leaves, condensed, to 4cm long, with 3—5 branchlets, few-flowered, the
branches and pedicels glabrous, the hypanthium sparsely hairy; sepals
triangular, produced into a rather long sharp point, usually completely

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(445)

—S

Pe), YW :

PLATE XXIX. 1. Crataegus orientalis Pall., flowering branch: a) branch with fruit; 2—C.pontica
C.Koch.: a) flower, b) nutlet; 3—C.meyeri A.Pojark.: a) flower, b) fruit; 4 -—C.ambigua C.A.M.:
a) fruit, b) nutlet; 5—C.songarica C.Koch; 6 —C.tramscaspica A.Pojark., leaf on flowering shoot.

340

447

448

covering hypanthium, hairy on the margin and at the tip; flowers 15mm in
diameter, styles 2,less often 1 or 3; stigmas slightly exceeding diameter
of style; fruits slightly hairy when young, later glabrous, ovoid-globose,
dark red, with 2, rarely 3 nutlets. Fl. June, fr. September.

Slopes, shrub thickets, undergrowth of open broadleaf forests. — European
part: from Samarskaya Luka to Saratov, only near the Volga: V.-Don,
L.Don (Saratov), Transv. (Kuibyshev). Endemic. Described from near
the village of Polivanovka near Saratov. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Very closely related to C.ambigua C.A.M., from which it is
distinguished by more oblong leaves, with more lobes, with smaller, more
crowded teeth almost from base. Forms deviating from the typical
C.ambigua have their own distribution area and must therefore be
separated and given a special name until further material and observations
enable us to ascertain more exactly their relation to C.ambigua.

20. C.transcaspica A. Pojark. sp. n. in Addenda VIII, p. 389.

Small tree; shoots glabrous, unarmed; branches mottled: brown with
gray patches of preserved bark; leaves bright green, somewhat lighter
below, with scattered, appressed hairs above when young, with beards in
angles of main veins below, the margin of the base and of notches between
lobes hairy; lowest leaves on flowering shoots short-petioled, obovate,
cuneate, mostly narrow at base, trilobate or incised-dentate at the apex;
upper leaves to 5cm long, 4cm broad, the blade 2—2.5 times as long as the
glabrous petiole, ovate, broadly cuneate or subtruncate or rounded at base,
5- or 7-lobed, the lobes broad (1:1.2), mostly obtuse, as if truncate, less often
acute, on the outside — mostly from the middle — unequally, broadly, acutely
dentate, partly duplicato-dentate; notches shallow, broad, the upper cutting
half-blade to /3 — Jo,the lower to “p— 7/35 the latter above the lower third of the
blade but usually higher, nearly at the middle; inflorescences much shorter
than leaves, glabrous, small, 2.5—4cm long, to 6cm in diameter, but dense,
with 20 flowers and composed of 2—6 short (1—2.5 cm) branchlets, some
repeatedly branching; pedicels 3-10mm long; sepals not attaining middle
of hypanthium, ovate-triangular, short-apiculate or abruptly narrowing to
short beak, hairy inside on the margin and at the tip; corolla ca. 15mm
in diameter; styles mostly 2,rarely 1 or 3. Fr. unknown, fl. mid-June.
(Plate XXIX, Figure 6).

Gully bottoms, including chalky gullies.— Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. —
only on the Mangyshlak Peninsula. Endemic. Described from the
Mangyshlak Peninsula. Type in Leningrad.

21. C.caucasica C. Koch, Crat. et Mesp. (1854) 66.— C. oxyacantha
(non L.) Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 1, 89 (ex parte: quoad pl. ex Karabach);
auct. cauc. (ex parte).— ?C.oxyacantha var. caucasica Medw.,
Der. ikust. Kavk. (1919) 112.

Tree or shrub: shrub to 2—3m, rarely to 5m high, but sometimes grow-
ing into a tree to 7m high and 18cm in diameter, with glabrous brown
shoots and with gray and dark brown shoots with gray patches of preserved
bark, often almost unarmed, less often with developed leafy spines and shoots
beset with axillary spines 0.5—1.5(2.5)cm long; leaves dull, vivid green
above, when young mostly with scattered, appressed pubescence on both
sides, when adult with sparse hairs along veins or glabrous, slightly lighter

341

below, with beards in angles of main veins and with hairy margins — mainly
margins of notches and of base; lower leaves on flowering shoots obovate
to elongate, cuneate, often narrow at base, from subentire or coarsely
dentate at the apex to trilobate; upper leaves to 6cm long, to 6—6.5cm
broad, from broadly ovate to orbicular or even oblate, with broadly cuneate
or subtruncate or rounded base, 5-partite, sometimes with incised middle
lobe, or even 7-partite, individual leaves sometimes trilobate with broad
incised middle lobe; lobes usually broad (1:1), less often narrower (2:1),
the lower lobes usually much larger than the upper, all lobes acute, the
upper erect, the lower more or less reflexed, rather coarsely, acutely,
unequally dentate, partly duplicato-dentate from the middle, the lower lobes
often with 1 or 2 incisions; upper notches cutting half-blade to ‘/,—"/3, the
lower notches mostly to “3, sometimes very deeply, nearly to the vein;
leaves on sterile shoots 6—6.5cm long and broad, ovate, mostly 7-partite,
nearly dissected at base, often with narrower lobes, doubly coarsely dentate
and incised; inflorescence of 3—5 branchlets about as long as leaves, 5—15-
flowered, glabrous; pedicels 3—18mm long; sepals attaining middle of
hypanthium or covering it completely, broadly ovate-triangular, abruptly |
mucronate or gradually tapering; corolla 18—20mm in diameter; stamens |
17—20; styles mostly 2,very rarely 3 or 1; fruits 10—13mm in diameter,
ovoid-globose, when not fully mature dark purple, when mature black-

violet with light dots and with yellow flesh. Fl. May, fr. October.

Among shrubs on stony slopes of mountains and gorges; solitary shrubs.—-
Caucasus: S.Transc. (Akhaltsikhe District, Armenia: Daralagez and
Nakhichevan ASSR) and E. Transc. (Karabakh, Kirovabad). Endemic.
Described from Transcaucasia (Armenia?). Type in Berlin.

22. C.atrosanguinea A. Pojark. sp. n. in Addenda VIII, p. 390. —
Vernacular name: aloch (Armenian, Erevan).

Tree to 10-12m high, to 20cm in diameter; shoots glabrous, reddish,
only rarely with few erect spines ca. 1.5cm long; branches gray; leaves
light glaucescent-green, dull, when young with sparse hairs along the veins
above, with beards in axils of main veins below, slightly ciliate-margined,
when adult subglabrous; lower leaves on flowering shoots cuneate, with
narrowly cuneate base decurrent along the short petioles and with truncate,
incised-dentate or trilobate apex; upper leaves 5—8cm long, broadly ovate,
broadly cuneate or subtruncate at base, usually deeply 7-partite, sometimes
with trifid middle lobe, rarely 5-partite, the lower lobes horizontally
spreading, oblong, usually 2.5 times as long as broad, the others broader
(as long as broad), all acute, the upper very often entire or with 1-3
inconspicuous, sometimes scarcely discernible teeth, the lower unequally
coarsely dentate in upper part at the apex or from the middle; leaves on
sterile shoots larger, with horizontally spreading incised lower lobes;
inflorescences of 4—6 branchlets, not surpassing leaves, to 4cm long, to
8cm in diameter, glabrous; pedicels 7-13mm long; flowers large,to2cm |
in diameter; sepals ciliate, ovate, mucronulate, fruits globose, dark blood-
red (light cherry-red), rather fleshy and succulent, 12—18mm in diameter,
with 2 nutlets. Fl. June, fr. from end of September.

Among shrubs on slopes of gorges.— Caucasus: S. Transc.: Armenia
(vicinity of Erevan, Norskoe Gorge, Zanga River). Gen. distr.: Iran —
N. (Khurasan) and Centr. (Bakhtiar Mountains), Arm.-Kurd. — Turkish

449

342

450

Kurdistan. Described from the Norskoe Gorge near Erevan. Type
in Leningrad.

Economic importance. Fruits large, fleshy, succulent, pleasant-tasting.
Very ornamental, especially during fruiting, which is very abundant.
Cultivated in gardens in the Erevan area.

23. C.songorica C. Koch, Crat.et Mesp.(1854) 67.— C.laciniata Kar.
et Kir.in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 351 (non Ucria).— C.fischeri
C.K. Schneid., 111. Handb.d.Laubh.I (1906) 789; Fedtsch., Consp. fl. turk. III
(1909) 42.— C.gharanica O.Pauls.in sched.— C.pinnatifida var.
gharanica O. Pauls. in Bot. Tidsskr. XXVII (1906) 141.— Ic.: C.K. Schn.,
l.c.£.450 1—n, f.451 y—z; O. Pauls., 1.c., (fol.).

Small tree or shrub with slender, vinaceous-red shoots and thick
straight spines 8—15mm long; leaves 3.5—5cm long; leaves on vegetative
shoots to 8cm long, broadly oval to subrhomboid, with cuneate base, thin,
glabrous, less often slightly hairy, 5—7-partite (9-partite on sterile shoots),
the lobes erect, coarsely dentate or incised-dentate at the apex; lower
leaves much larger than the others, mostly lobately incised; inflorescences
many-flowered, mostly with slightly hairy pedicels, hypanthium, and sepals;
flowers ca.16mm in diameter; sepals entire, broadly triangular, reflexed;
stamens 18—20; styles 2 or 3; fruits 12—16mm in diameter, globose,
rarely broadly ovoid, purple-black with sparse light dots; nutlets 2 or 3,
smooth on ventral side or with 1 or 2 oblique, longitudinal, shallow furrows
and with narrow triangular hypostyle. Fl. May, fr. July. (Plate XXIX,
Figure 5).

River valleys and ravine slopes in the middle mountain zone.— Centr.
Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. (confined to the Dzungarian Ala-Tau), Pam. -Al., T. Sh. —
W., Fergana Range and mountains: Ichkele, Kirghiz and Trans-Ili Ala-Tau.
Gen. distr.: Dzu. -Kash., Kuldja and Iran.: Afghanistan. Described from
Kuldja. Type in Berlin; cotype in Leningrad.

Note. C.altaica X C.songorica C.Koch= C.dshungarica
Zbl.(p. 351).

Economic importance. Very ornamental owing to its large fruits and
beautiful foliage; the fleshy fruits are edible.

Series 5. Kyrtostylae A. Pojark.— Flowers in glabrous compound
corymbs; sepals narrow, long-acuminate, as long as hypanthium; style 1;
fruits red, ellipsoid, the.nutlet slightly compressed laterally and slightly
erose, with 2—4 furrows on the back; leaf lobes serrate from the middle or
from the base; spines often absent or few. Two species: C.kyrtostyla
Fingerh.and C.turkestanica A. Pojark.

24. C.kyrtostyla Fingerh.in Linnaea IV (1829) 372; Rupr., Fl. ingrica
(1860) 349; Meinsh., Fl. ingrica (1878) 109.— C.monogyna var.rubra
Pall., Fl. Ross.(1784) 26.— C.laciniata Bess., Enum. pl. Volhyn. (1822)
56 (non Ucria).— C.monogyna (non Jacq.) Ldb., Fl. Ross. Il, 1, 91 (ex
parte).— Mespilus oxyacantha var.monogyna Shmal'g., Fl. I
(ex parte) 350.— C.monogyna var.kyrtostyla Lange, Rev. Crat. (1897)
39.— C.curvisepala Lindm., Svensk. Fanerogamfl. (1918) 307.— Exs.:
Meinsh., Fl. ingrica No. 220.— Ic.: Fingerh.,1.c., tab. 3, f.1—2.

343

Shrub or small tree 2.5—5m high, sometimes to 7— 8m high in forests;
branches brownish gray, glabrous or slightly hairy when young; annotinous
shoots dark, reddish brown, sometimes bearing few short, 0.5 — 1.5cm
spines; petioles glabrous or slightly flexuous, as long as or ip timesras
long as the blade; leaves bright green, slightly darker above, subglabrous
or hairy below, mostly with beards only in angles of main veins, rarely
along the veins or even throughout, scattered-hairy, with glabrous or slightly
ciliate margins, unequally, partly doubly and less coarsely serrate (very
often throughout margin, except notches between lobes), cuneate or rounded,
less often truncate at base; lower leaves on short shoots obovate-cuneate,
trilobate, the upper ovate to orbicular and obovate to subrhomboid, to 5.5cm
long, mostly 5-partite, less often 7- or 3-partite; lobes acute, the lower
obliquely axending, mostly more or less reflexed in upper part, less often
subhorizontal, usually much larger than the upper and separated from them
by acute, even oy notches at nicele or in lower part of blade and
cutting it usually to 7, less often to “vy — 3 (sometimes even deeper); leaves
on sterile shoots much larger, often more deeply dissected, sometimes
nearly dissected at base, truncate at base, the firstpair and 1 or 2 following
pairs of lobes horizontal; inflorescences broad, composed of 4—6 branches,
each with usually 3 lateral flowers, the middle 1—3 flowers usually
glabrous, less often axes and pedicels slightly hairy, sometimes also
hypanthium hairy outside; flowers 12—15mm in diameter; sepals lanceolate,
produced to a long sharp point, reflexed during anthesis and fruiting, nearly
covering and sometimes even exceeding hypanthium; stamens 15—20;
style, as a rule, 1, exceptionally in individual flowers 2, usually plicate; fruits
red, oblong-ellipsoid or even subterete, (10) 12—14mm long, 8—11 mm
broad; nutlet 1, shallowly erose at the sides of the ventral surface, with
2—4 shallow furrows on the dorsal surface. Fl.June, fr. September.

(Plate XXX, Figure 6).

In the European part, in open deciduous forests, forest edges, shrubby
slopes, both sandy and limestone; in the Caucasus to 1,800m, mostly in
hornbeam-and-oak forests (clearings and forest edges), sometimes
penetrating into shrub thickets on slopes and forming hawthorn groves. —
European part: U.Dnp., M.Dnp., V.-Don (as far east as Penza), L. Don
(W. part), Bl., Crim. (mountainous, part, as far east as Feodosiya); Caucasus:
all districts. Gen.distr.: Centr. Eur., Scand. (S. part), Bal. -As. Min. —
N.part of Balkan Peninsula. Described from Schleiden in Germany.

Type unknown.

Note. C.armena A.Pojark. (p.355) is more or less the hybrid of

C.kyrtostyla Fingerh. X C.meyeri A. Pojark.

451

25. C.turkestanica A. Pojark. sp.n.in Addenda VIII, p.390.— C.mono-
gyna Fedtsch., Consp. fl.turk. III (1909) 41 (non Jacq.) (ex parte); auct.
fl.turk. (ex parte).— C.monogyna var.lonigera M. Pop.in Bull. Appl.
Bot. Gen.a. Plant breed. XXII, 3 (1929) 438.

Small tree with glabrous or slightly hairy, slender, red-brown shoots
and brownish-gray branches, unarmed, rarely with few slender spines
12—15mm long; leaves bright green, very slightly lighter below, more or
less appressed-hairy above, hairy below only along main veins and with
beards in their angles, with hairy petioles slightly shorter than or as long
as the blade; leaves on short shoots with cuneate, often broad base,
10—30mm long, 7— 30mm broad, the lower tripartite, the upper to 3.9cm

344

452

453

long, mostly 5-partite, the lower lobes large, obliquely ascending, the upper
small, all lobes acute, unequally serrate from the middle; notches at level
of lower third or lower fourth of the blade and cutting it to 2), = 343 leaves
on sterile shoots much larger, to 5cm long and broad, 5- or 7-partite,

with incised lobes often broader than those of leaves on short shoots,
truncate at base; inflorescences composed of 4 or 5 branchlets, 12 —15-
flowered, often with slightly hairy axes and pedicels, sometimes with rather
densely hairy hypanthium; flowers 16—18 mm in diameter; sepals
narrowly lanceolate, attaining middle of hypanthium or lower; stamens
18—20; style 1, straight or curved; fruits broadly ellipsoid, 11—13mm long,
9—11mm broad, dark red, with 1 nutlet. Fr.June,fr.from September.

Shrub thickets on stony slopes of mountains and gorges.— Centr. Asia:
Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet Dagh), Pam.-Al.(as far south as Darvaz and N. slopes
of the Alai Range), T.Sh.(only W. part, as far east as the Fergana Range).
Gen.distr.: Iran. Described from Aman-Kutan in the Samarkand
Mountains. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Distinguished from C.kyrtostyla Fingerh. by small leaves
with little-developed upper lobes, the lower lobes not reflexed but erect, and
by darker, broader fruits. In Pam.-Al.and W. Tien Shan it is the only
representative of monogynous hawthorns; in the Kopet Dagh it should be
distinguished from another monogynous hawthorn, C.turcomanica
A.Pojark.: leaves larger, sharply bicolor, whitish and covered with a waxy
bloom below, the lower notches not higher than middle of blade, the lobes
dentate only near apex or entire; fruits apparently darker and subglobose;
and sepals less acuminate and more oval-triangular, often with somewhat
obtuse tip.

Cwseucdeo mielanecarpa, Mi Pop.xX.C.tur we sitanica A. Pojark.—
C.pseudoambigua A. Pojark. (p. 355).

C.altaica Lge.X C.turkestanica A.Pojark., apparently the same
Be gidicamischanica A; Pojark. (p.351):

Series 6. Stevenianae A. Pojark.— Flowers in hairy compound corymbs;
sepals narrowly triangular, long-acuminate; styles 1 or 2; fruits purple-
red or black-purple, broadly ellipsoid to globose,with 1 or 2 nutlets, with
3—5 furrows on dorsal side and inconspicuous lateral furrow; hypostyle
narrow, attaining middle of nutlet. Very spiny shrubs, with leaves deeply
dissected into laciniae.

26. C.stevenii A. Pojark.sp.n.in Addenda VIII, p.391.— C.laciniata
(non Ucria) Stev.in schedis; Zelenetskii, Mat.k. Fl. Kryma (1906) 255.

Shrub, usually very spiny, with abundant leafy spines and erect, strong,
leafless, axillary spines 10—20mm long; shoots hairy when young; branches
brownish gray or macular, red-brown, with remains of gray peeling bark;
leaves light green, paler below, scattered-hairy on both sides when young,
later sometimes only with remains of pubescence on margin of base
and of notches; on flowering shoots only the lower leaves cuneate, trilobate,
the others ovate, deeply parted into 5, less often 7 lobes, sometimes dissected
at base nearly to the midrib, less often nearly 5—7-sect; lobes acute,
terminating ina cartilaginous cusp, with few large,unequal,acuteteeth fromthe
middle or deeply incised (especially the lower lobes); upper leavesto3 (3.5) cm

345

454

long and broad; leaves on short and long sterile shoots mostly dissected nearly
to the midrib into 7 or even 9—11 lobes; lobes deeply incised not only on
outer but often also on inner side; inflorescences small,2.5—3.5cm long
and in diameter, composed of 3—6 branchlets, sparsely long-hairy like the
pedicels; ovary, hypanthium, and outside of sepals usually densely villous;
sepals completely covering hypanthium, produced into a long sharp point;
corolla ca.l17cm in diameter; fruits 10— 12mm long, ellipsoid, red, with
slight glaucescent bloom, with 1, less often 2 nutlets. Fl. April, fr.
September. (Plate XXX, Figure 3).

Stony slopes. — European part: Crim.Gen.distr.: Asia Minor (?).
Described from Mt. Kastel in the vicinity of Alushta. Type in Leningrad.

Note. This species is apparently widespread in Asia Minor; at least,
photographs of leaf specimens which Diapulis (Fedde, Rep. Sp. nov. XXXIV,
1933) cites in his work as C.laciniata Stev., which apparently pertain to
the specimen of Sintenis from Mt. Ida quoted by Diapulis, are identical with
the characteristic leaves of Crimean plants.

Economic importance. Ornamental owing to their laciniate leaves.

27. C.beckeriana A.Pojark.sp.n.in Addenda VIII, p.391.— C.mono-
syma var nigra Pall) PIVRosssil, 19784) 26) — ey plalla sm (non
Griseb.) Trautv., Incr. fl. phan. ross. II (1883) 279.— C.oxycantha var.
incisa et laciniata Rgl.in A.H.P.I (1871 —1872) 117, 119.— Ic.:

IR BVMLEIS, WG. a5 elo), SCIUL.

Shrub with glabrous or slightly hairy, red-brown or cherry-red shoots,
often very spiny with strong leafy and axillary leafless spines 10-15 mm
long; branches grayish brown or macular, dark brown with patches of
peeling bark; leaves dark green above, when young sparsely appressed-
hairy, later quite glabrous, lighter below, with beards in angles of main veins
or subglabrous and with hairy margins of the base and of the notches;
lower leaves on flowering shoots cuneate, trilobate, upper leaves ovate, to
3—3.5cm long and broad, deeply dissected into 5—7 lobes, nearly to midrib
at base; lobes acute or acuminate, unequally serrate from the middle, the
lower lobe sometimes with | deep incision; leaves on sterile shoots varying
greatly from nearly 7—9-sect with acute, deeply incised lobes to deeply
parted with broad, even subobtuse, coarsely dentate lobes; inflorescences
3—5cm long and in diameter, composed of 3 or 4 branchlets, the latter —
like the pedicels — sparsely hairy to subglabrous; hypanthium more villous;
flowers ca.15mm in diameter; sepals with long sharp point, about as long
as hypanthium; fruits 8— 10mm in diameter, broadly ellipsoid, purple-
black, with 1 or 2 nutlets. Fl. May, fr.September.

Mountain slopes, high riverbanks, ravines, sandhills, among shrubs. —
European part: L. Don, L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc. (Taman Peninsula), Dag.
Endemic. Described from Sarepta (Krasnoarmeisk). Type in Leningrad.

Note. This hawthorn was known to Pallas, who distinguished it from
the Russian red-fruited species of the section Oxyacantha, describing
itas C.monogyna var.nigra, stressing its characteristic appearance
and correctly plotting its distribution area (S. Russia, Volga, apparently
Sarepta — from which the collections of Pallas came — and N. Caucasus).
The drawing quoted by Pallas in Fl. Ross., though incomplete, permits
recognition of that species and shows its difference from dark-fruited
C.ambigua C.A.M. Later botanists have overlooked this, thus

346

455

Yu.N. Voronov did not distinguish it from C.ambigua C.A.M.,as can
be seen from his identification of herbarium specimens from the SE of the
European part, preserved in the BIN Herbarium.

Series 7. Monogynae A. Pojark.— Flowers in compound, few-flowered,
glabrous corymbs; sepals oval-triangular, narrowing to more or less
subobtuse point, recurved in fruit; style 1; fruits broadly ellipsoid, dark
brownish red; nutlet somewhat compressed laterally, slightly erose, with
2 or 3 shallow furrows on the dorsal side; hypostyle broadly triangular,
short; leaves bicolor, much lighter below; leafy spines rare, axillary spines
usually few. In addition to the USSR species there are 7 species in the
Mediterranean area.

~ 28. C.monogyna Jacq., Fl. austr. III (1775) 50; Willd., Sp. pl. II, 2 (1799)
1006; Ldb., Fl. Ross. II, 1, 89 (ex parte). — Mespilus monogyna Willd.,
Enum. pl.berol.I (1809) 524.— Mespilus oxycantha var.monogyna
Shraahic., #1 /1(1895),.350 (ex parte).— Ic.: Jaca, 1.¢.,tabs292, f.1.—.Bxs.:
Fl. polon.exs. No.823 sub C.oxycantha var.intermixta Wenz.

Shrub or small tree; shoots glabrous or scattered-hairy when young,
cherry-colored; branches brownish gray: simple spines ca.1cm long,
few, often absent; leafy spines very few; leaves lustrous, dark, olive-green
above, light green below, with more or less dense waxy bloom, initially
slightly appressed-hairy, especially along veins, later the pubescence
persisting only in angles of veins, sometimes with hairy margins; lower
leaves on fruiting shoots obovate to oblong-ovate, trifid or coarsely dentate
at the apex, the upper to 4 (4.5) cm long and broad, 3- or 5-partite, their
lobes often very asymmetrically arranged, mostly subobtuse with short
cartilaginous mucro, entire or with few teeth on outer side near the apex
(rarely from the middle), oval, the lower lobes usually narrow; notches
mostly narrow (hence lobes closely approximate), the lower at middle of
blade or slightly lower, in 5-lobed leaves frequently at level of lower third,
cutting the blade to 7/3 — */5; leaves on sterile shoots larger, deeply 5—8-
partite or even nearly dissected, mostly with remote lobes unequally
dentate, frequently incised-dentate, the lower lobes frequently horizontally-
Spreading; inflorescences not exceeding leaves, to 5cm in diameter, ca.
4cm long, composed of 3—5 branches with 10 —18 flowers; flowers 1.5cm
in diameter, with glabrous or slightly hairy pedicels and hypanthium; sepals
covering not more than half the hypanthium, oblong-triangular-oval or
broadly oval, narrowing to a subobtuse tip; fruits light brownish red, broadly
ovoid or broadly ellipsoid. Fl. June, fr. September.(Plate XXX, Figure iy

Slopes of riverbanks, terraces, and gullies, among shrubs, deciduous
forest edges; solitary.— European part: U.Dnp., M.Dnp., Bl., L. Don,
mountainous Crimea; Caucasus: Cisc., W. Transc.(as far S.as Tuapse).
Gen. distr.: Scand.,S. part, Centr. Eur., Atl. Eur.(France, England), Med.and
Bal. -As.Min.(N. Balkan Peninsula). Described from Austria.

Note. Russian as well as European authors do not differentiate
C.monogyna Jacq. from C.kyrtostyla Fingerh., from which it is
clearly distinguished by its small, darker and broader fruits, the shape and
character of its leaf dentation and dissection, leaf color, and shape of
sepals. By comparison with C.kyrtostyla,C.monogyna has a much
narrower distribution area in the USSR, confined to the European part and

347

456

457

to more southerly districts, especially in the east, and scarcely penetrating
into Transcaucasia.

Hybrids: C.kyrtostyla Fingerh.X C.monogyna Jacq.— known
from the N. Caucasus; in their characters intermediate between the two
species.

C.monogyna Jacq.xX C.pentagyna W.et K. = C.dipyrena
A. Pojark.from the Crimea (p. 351).

29. C.pseudoheterophylla A. Pojark.sp.nova in Addenda VIII, p. 392. —
C.heterophylla (non Fligge) C.A.M.ex Hohen., Enum. pl. Talysch
(1836) 130; Medv., Der.i kust. Kavk. (1919) 111; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. 1V
(1934) 290.— C.monogyna auct. fl. cauc. (ex parte) (non Jacq.).

Shrub or small tree 1.5—3m high; shoots glabrous, initially greenish
brown, later cherry-colored; branches gray; axillary spines 1—1.5cm
long, usually few; sometimes lateral sterile shoots partly transformed
into slender leafy spines; leaves bright green, sligntly lustrous, and glabrous
or with isolated appressed hairs above, light and glaucescent with slight
waxy bloom below, pubescent only in angles of lower veins and frequently
on margins of notches; lower leaves on fruiting shoots obovate to oblong-
oval, dentate or shallowly trifid or trilobate only at the apex, the upper
usually not more than 3—4.5cm long and broad, orbicular or broadly obovate,
with broadly cuneate base, trilobate, the lobes more or less equal or the
middle lobe broader, trifid at the apex, less often the leaves 5-lobed; lobes
frequently rounded, especially the middle lobe, mucronulate or acute, mostly
ovate (length-to-width ratio 1.5:1),rarely narrower (2:1) or broader (1:1);
margins unequally serrate,mostly above the middle; notches of trilobate leaves
at middle of blade or slightly lower, those of 5-lobed leaves below the middle and
cutting the blade to 2/3: leaves on sterile shoots mostly with truncate base,
o— 7-partite, the lobes approximate owing to narrowness of notches,
unequally acutely dentate at the apex or on more of the margin;
inflorescences glabrous, small, 8—15-flowered; sepals oblong-triangular-
oval, not attaining middle of hypanthium; fruiting mostly poor; fruits
usually l or 2, rarely up to 5,as in the preceding species. Fl.June, fr.
September. (Plate XXX, Figure 5).

Stony mountain slopes at 1,200—2,000m, in shrub thickets, as solitary
shrubs, sometimes forming groves with other species.— Caucasus: Dag.,
E.and S.Transc. (Armenia and Nakhichevan ASSR). Gen. distr.: Arm. -
Kurd.and Iran. Described from Armenia (vicinity of Erevan). Type in
Leningrad.

Note. This species is widespread in S. Transcaucasia (vicinity of
Erevan, Daralagez, Megri District), where it is confined to shrub thickets
developing on stony slopes in the middle forest zone; grows also in W. part
of Azerbaijan, in Dagestan, and in Georgia. Researchers of Caucasian
flora usually classify it, together with other species,as C.monogyna,
although the first specimens of this species from the vicinity of Kirovabad
were cited in the literature by Hohenacker as C.heterophylla Fligge.
The latter name is used by Medvedev with a description made
after Hohenacker's specimen and with a single reference to him; Grossheim,
in Flora Kavkaza, cites it as doubtful, giving an insufficiently exact
diagnosis. The herbarium specimens and the cultivated specimen from
the Toulouse Botanical Garden after which C.heterophylla Flugge was
described, differ greatly from the Transcaucasian specimens and are

348

definitely not to be identified with them. Spain is the native habitat
of C.heimer‘ophy lita.

30. C.turcomanica A.Pojark.sp.nova in Addenda VIII, p. 393. —
C.monogyna (non Jacq.) M. Pop.in Bull. Appl. Bot., Gen.a Pl. breed.
XXII, 3 (1929) 438 (ex parte). — Exs.: Sintenis, Iter transcasp. -pers. anno
1900—1901, No. 1835a, 1835b (sub C.monogyna).

Small tree with glabrous, cherry-red shoots covered with a glaucous
bloom, usually without simple spines and with gray, slender branches; leafy
spines also absent; leaves glaucous-green, lustrous, usually glabrous,
infrequently with scattered hairs above, very light, whitish, only with beards
in angles of main veins below; lower leaves on fruiting shoots from
unequally coarsely dentate to trifid at the apex, obovate to oblong-oval-
cuneate, the upper usually 4.5—5cm long, broadly obovate to orbicular,
trilobate, the lobes acute, broad (length-to-width ratio usually 1:1, rarely
1.5:1), the upper lobe usually trifid, the lateral often with one shallow
incision exteriorly, all lobes serrate from the middle; notches broad, hence
lateral lobes pointing to the side, the lower lobes at middle of blade or
somewhat higher and cutting the blade to the middle or to "3; leaves on
sterile shoots deeply 5 (7)-lobed, with acute or subobtuse broad lobes;
inflorescences not exceeding leaves, 3 —5-branched, 8— 12-flowered; sepals
oval-triangular, abruptly narrowed above the middle to a shortish, subobtuse
beak, not attaining middle ofshypanthium; stamens 17—20; fruits as in the
preceding species but larger. Fl. May, fr.September. (Plate XXX,

Figure 4).

Stony slopes of gorges, in shrub thickets; solitary trees.— Centr. Asia:
Mtn. Turkm.; Kopet Dagh.Gen.distr.: probably Iran.— Described from the
Chuli Gorge in Kopet Dagh. Type in Leningrad.

Series 8. Microphyllae A. Pojark.— Flowers 1 (exceptionally 2 or 3) on
long pedicels in sessile few-flowered cymes; sepals narrowly lanceolate,
long-acuminate, erect in fruit; style 1; fruits bright red; nutlet conspicuously
compressed at the sides, smooth, with 2 or 3 longitudinal furrows on dorsal
side; hypostyle short, broadly triangular or orbicular. Apart from the USSR
species, there is only C.calycina Peterm. (S. Sweden, Poland).

31. C.microphylla C. Koch, Mesp.et Crat.(1854) 68; C.K. Schneid.,
Ill. Handb. d. Laubh. I (1906) (89 7a katove’n 2 i agbwet Mi. in, Hohenaek.;
Enum. pl. Talysch (1836) 131 (nom.nud.); Ldb., Fl. Ross. I, 1, 90 (nom. nud.);
Boiss., Fl. Or. Il (1872) 665; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. IV (1934) 291.— C.mono-
gyna var.dolichocarpa Somm.et Lev.in A.H.P. XVI (1900) 134.-— Ic.:
C.K. sehneidh: hc. f. 4401 =f 447 oa —Bxs SoHerb. FlaCauc, No.\o72<

Small shrub with gray bark; shoots slender, usually glabrous, less often —
only when young — hairy; annotinous shoots light brown, older shoots very
light gray; spines often numerous, 5—12mm long, slender; leaves thin,
i —3,cma; long, | —2.8cm broad (to 5.5cem long, 3.5cm broad on sterile shoots),
when young hairy on both sides, especially along the veins and on the margin,
later subglabrous, truncate or broadly cuneate at base, the lower leaves on
flowering shoots broad, triangular-ovate, trilobate, the middle lobe trifid,
the lateral broad, obtuse; other leaves 5—T7-partite, mostly oblong-ovate,
less often broadly ovate or much elongated (2.5—3 times as long as broad),

349

(459)

oN

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fig: > 7

v,

Cz

Ore eww

>
eae

2—C.oxyacantha L.: a) nutlet; 3 —

PLATE XXX. 1—Crataegus monogyna Jacq.: a) fruit; 2
C.stevenii A.Pojark.: a—b) leaves on sterile shoots, c—e) nutlet; 4—C.turcomanica A.Pojark.:
a—b) nutlet; 5— C.pseudoheterophylla A.Pojark.,leaves on flowering shoots; 6 —C.kyrtostyla

Fingerb.: a) flower, b) fruit, c) nutlet; 7 —C.microphylla C.Koch: a) fruit, b) nutlet.

350

461

462

with remote lobes; leaf lobes oval, obtuse or acute, dentate or crenate from
base outside, from the middle on the inside; petioles twice as long as the
blade; umbels 4—10-flowered; pedicels glabrous, 2—3.5cm long;
hypanthium and oblong ovary frequently villous-hairy; sepals long-acuminate,
mostly as long as ovary; corolla 13—16mm in diameter; stamens 20;
style 1,erect; fruits 9—12mm long, very variable in shape, oblong-ellipsoid
or subterete, oblong-ovoid to pyriform, rarely subglobose, with 1 ovoid
nutlet 1—8mm long. F1. May, fr. September — October. (Plate XXX,
Figure 7).

Forests.— European part: Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc.(W.)., W. Transc.,
Tal.Gen.distr.: Bal.-As. Min. :Turkey (Lazistan), Iran.- Caspian
seaboard of Iran. Described from Lenkoran. Type in Berlin.

‘Economic importance. Ornamental owing to bright color of fruit and
beautiful foliage.

SPECIES OF HYBRID ORIGIN

32. C.tianschanica A. Pojark.sp.n.in Addenda VIII, p. 393.

Small tree with glabrous shoots beset with thick spines ca.1cm long;
leaves glabrous, ovate, cuneate or truncate at base; in some specimens
upper leaves on fruiting shoots varying in length from 1.5cm to 3cm or
from 3 to 4 oe either deeply parted, nearly dissected at base, or else
incised to 7/3— and only at base to 3/3; lobes 7—11, mostly 5 only in lower
leaves,all lobes acuminate,unequally serrate; flowers unknown; fruits yellow
and (? ) red-brown, globose, 6 — 8mm and 8— 10mm long; nutlets 5, their
structure asin C.altaica. The structure of the fruits of C.tianscha-
nica A.Pojark.is the same as that of C.altaica, but the leaves are not
similar to those of the section Sanguinea and closely resemble those
of C.turkestanica A.Pojark., from which they differ only in the larger
number of lobes.

Shrub thickets on stony and gravelly slopes.— Centr. Asia: W. Tien Shan —
Tashkent and Chatkal ranges. Described from the Chatkal Range (between
the Aibek and Tuste rivers). Type in Leningrad. Apparently a hybrid of
Graltaiea X C.turkestanica.

33. C.dsungarica Zbl. in Lange, Rev. spec. gen. Crat.(1897) 43; C.K.
Schneid., 111.Handb.d.Laubh.I (1906); M. Popov in Tr. Prikl. Bot, Gen. i
Sel. XXII, 3. (1929) 443.— Ic.: C.K.Schn.,1.c., f.437k —m, f. 438p—q.

Small tree with broad crown; shoots glabrous, lustrous, cherry-colored,
sometimes with few short, 1.5cm spines; older branches mottled, brownish
gray; leaves glabrous, the blade 1.5—2.5 times as long as the Bee,
ovate or elliptic-ovate, with cuneate base, incised into 5 lobes to 43 — ‘p
of blade in upper part, incised to 1, in lower part; lobes acute, sometimes
tapering to short, curved mucro, oval, from middle of margin with
unequal acute teeth sometimes terminating in bristles; flowers in loose,
compound, many-flowered, glabrous corymbs shorter than leaves,5—7cm,
sometimes to 9cm in diameter; sepals triangular or ovate-triangular,
acute, attaining middle of ovary, recurved in fruit; corolla to 18mm in
diameter; styles 3—5; fruits subglobose, lustrous, purple-black with few

351

163

yellowish dots, with succulent flesh; nutlets 3—5, slightly triquetrous, nearly
smooth on the sides, with 2 or 3 shallow furrows on dorsal side; hypostyle
narrowly triangular, /, as long as the nutlet. Fl. June, fr. September.
Mountain slopes.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. — known only from the Alma-
atinka River gorge in the vicinity of Alma-Ata, where it is common.
Described after a cultivated specimen of unknown origin. Type in Berlin.
Economic importance. Very ornamental small tree with beautifully
shaped crown, lustrous foliage, large inflorescence, and abundant fruit.
Note. A hybrid of C songorica’ ©. Koch xX C.altaica) Bee awive
characters closer to those of the first-named species. In cultivation
propagates by seeds for many years, maintaining constancy of characters.

34. C.dipyrena A.Pojark. sp. nov. in Addenda VIII, p.394.— ?C.di-
gyna Pall., Ind. taur. (1796) (nom. nud.).

Shrub; shoots glabrous, with glaucous bloom, usually unarmed; bark of
branches gray; leaves sharply bicolor, dark green, lustrous and light above,
whitish below, slightly pubescent, the scattered hairs mainly along veins above,
with beards in angles of main veins below and with hairy margins on
flowering shoots; lower leaves short-petioled, cuneate, from dentate or
incised at the apex to trilobate; upper leaves to 6cm long, 5cm broad,
ovate or rhomboid, broadly cuneate or rounded-cuneate at base, the blade
1.5—2 times as long as the petiole, deeply 5-lobed, sometimes individual
leaves 7-lobed; lobes acute, the upper pointing forward, mostly broad (as
long as broad), rarely narrower (twice as long as broad), the lower often
reflexed in upper part, all leaves with unequal, large, acute teeth on outer
margin near the apex, less. often from the middle; lower leaves often with
one deep incision; upper notches cutting blade to the middle, the lower
mostly at level of lower third of blade, less often nearer the middle, cutting
the blade to 2/5, less often more deeply; leaves on sterile shoots often more
deeply segmented; inflorescences shorter than leaves, to 4cm long, 7 cm
in diameter, loose, 3—5-branched, 7—15-flowered; pedicels glabrous; ovary
sometimes slightly hairy; sepals ovate-triangular, abruptly short-beaked,
hairy on the margin and the outside, mainly at the apex; corolla 15—18mm
in diameter; stamens 18—20; styles 2, less often 1 or 3; fruits dark red
to black-purple, with 2(1—3) nutlets, globose,13mm in diameter. Fl. May,
ir. @ctober.

Among shrubs on mountain slopes. — European part: Crim. Endemic.
Described from Taushanbazar. Type in Leningrad. Apparently a hybrid
of CC pie tae y naeex ye. mionioisy nia:

35. C.zangezura A. Pojark. sp. n. in Addenda VIII, p. 394.

Shrub ca. 1.5m high, with slender, glabrous or slightly hairy dark brown
shoots and dark gray branches; axillary leafless spines short, 7-10mm,
nearly dark gray; leafy and leafless spines usually few; leaves dark green
and slightly lustrous above, dull and somewhat lighter below, glabrous
except for small furrows in angles of main veins and cilia on the margin;
lower leaves on fruiting shoots elongate-obovate with narrowly linear base,
from trifid at the apex to trilobate, the upper to 3.5cm long and broad,
broadly ovate, with broadly cuneate, sometimes slightly rounded base, 5-
partite, sometimes the upper lobe incised; lobes acute, with 1—3 large teeth
at the apex, the lower lobe frequently with one incision; petioles ca. 2/3 as

352

464

long as the blade; notches cutting half-blade to My at the apex, near base
to sik less often to 34 leaves on sterile shoots even more deeply dissected
at base, their lobes unequally and coarsely dentate in upper part, often
obtuse, broad; inflorescences apparently small, few-flowered; flowers
unknown; fruiting: 2—6 fruits; branchlets glabrous; pedicels 6-9 cm
long, glabrous or with few hairs; fruits ellipsoid, 6-9mm long, cherry-
colored, with colored, rather succulent flesh, with nearly always 2, rarely

3 nutlets. Fr. September—October.

Rocks, ravine slopes, among shrubs; solitary. — Caucasus: S.

Transec. (Armenia near Goris in Zangezur). Endemic. Described from
the Goris-chai Gorge (near Goris). Type in Leningrad.

Note. With its small dark fruits and small, deeply dissected leaves,
C.zangezura seems at first sight to be most closely related to
C.beckeriana A.Pojark; however, it shows considerable differences
which preclude any close relationship between them. The nutlet of
C.zangezura is much flatter, with very slightly impressed, faintly out-
lined furrows on the dorsal side; in contrast to the long-acuminate sepals of
species of the series Stevenidnae, those of C. zangezura are
short and broadly-triangular, not always divergent but sometimes erect-
spreading. The characteristics indicated for the structure of the nutlet
bring it close to that of C. pentagyna W. et K.; the reddish color of
the fruit flesh and the straightly spreading position of the fruiting sepals,
similar to that characteristic for C.pentagyna and often for its hybrids,
suggests that C. zangezura may be a hybrid of the above-named species.
If this assumption is taken as a working hypothesis, the difficulty then lies
in determining the other possible parent species, for no more or less
definite characters of any other S. Transcaucasian species — a fortiori of
other species growing in the same distribution area under the same
ecological conditions (C. schraderiana Ldb. and C. kyrtostyla
Fingerh.) — have been observed in this hawthorn. C.zangezura is
distinguished from all these species by much smaller fruits which,
together with its small, deeply parted leaves, gives it its distinctive
appearance.

36. C.schraderiana Ldb., Fl. Ross. Il, 1, 91.—C.sanguinea (non
Pall.) Schrad. in Ind. sem. hort. Gétting. (1834) 2; Linnaea X, Litt. Ber.
(1836) 109; Ann.d.sc.nat. ser. II, VI (1836) 99. —Ic.: Bot. Reg. tab.

1852 (sub C. orientalis).

Shrub or small tree, 2—2.5m high; young shoots villous-tomentose,
cherry-red, annotinous shoots retaining dense pubescence, and older
branches dark gray. Unarmed, rarely with few slender leafy spines and
Bhort, 5—10 mm, leafless axillary spines; leaves with villous-hairy petioles
b—*/s as long as the blade, dark green and lustrous with a short, appressed,
crisp pubescence above, lighter and densely grayish-pubescent below;
lowest leaves on flowering shoots obovate, mostly with narrowly cuneate
base, deeply dissected into 3 oblong, acute lobes; other leaves ovate or
oblong-ovate to elliptic, narrowly cuneate or broad (to subtruncate) at base,
deeply (to 2/5—$h) 5—7-partite, sometimes the lowest pair of lobes somewhat
remote; lobes acute, oval or lanceolate, with few (1—5) acute, unequal teeth
at the apex exteriorly, sometimes — especially the lower lobes — with 1 deep

335

465

incision; inflorescences whitish-villous-tomentose, in the form of compound,
rather compact corymbs, half as long as leaves, 4—5cm in diameter,
composed of 3 or 4 short branchlets 2—2.5cm long, each with 2—4 flowers;
pedicels 2.5cm long; sepals triangular, acuminate, recurved to straightly
spreading in fruit; stamens 20; styles mostly 5, less often 4(3); fruiting
pedicels 3—8(1.3)mm long, in some fruits from 10 to 16 mm long, globose
sometimes slightly flattened at the poles, less often ovoid-globose, smooth
or very slightly angular, light or dark cherry-red, usually fleshy and
succulent, with mostly 4 or 5 nutlets, rarely 3 or even 2 when nutlets grow
together in pairs while preserving 4 or 5 cavities; nutlets triquetrous
with smooth, flat lateral surfaces and with 1—3 inconspicuous furrows on
the convex dorsal surface. Fl. June, fr. from end of September.

In Zangezur on stony slopes at the edge of oak-and-hornbeam forests,
together with other shrubs, at 1,300—1,400m. — European part: Crim. (no
specimen!); Caucasus: S.Transc., in Armenia and Zangezur (Goris,
Shurnukhi, Sobukh). Described after a cultivated specimen of the Goettingen
Botanical Garden, grown from seeds obtained from E.Crimea. Type in
Leningrad.

Note. C.schraderiana has distinctly expressed characters
indicating its close relationship with C. orientalis Pall.: 1) fruits
with wide umbilicus, sometimes flattened at the poles, usually with 4 or 5
nutlets of identical structure to those of C. orientalis, 2) pubescence
of inflorescence and leaves identical to that of the latter species and even
leaf shape and dentation very similar; however, the habitus of C.ori-
entalis is entirely different, owing to the developed petioles and pedicels,
characters which — like the dark color of the fruits — are not peculiar to
species of the section Azaroli. This fact, as well as the sometimes
observed straightly spreading position of the fruiting sepals, leads to the
assumption that the second parent-species of C. schraderiana is the
black-fruited C. pentagyna W. et K. At present, only C.pentagyna
grows in the same distribution area (forest part, in Zangezur) as
C.schraderiana,at least under the same ecological conditions.

C.schraderiana has been cultivated in Europe for the past 100
years, although it seems to be rare (it is reported as C. sanguinea or
C.orientalis). Lindley has published an excellent colored illustration
of this species with an analysis of the fruit and a detailed description;
taken together with the original specimen collected while flowering by
Schrader, this leaves no doubt that this cultivated hawthorn is identical with
the specimen from Zangezur.

Economic importance. Ornamental, most beautiful during fruiting; fruits
often very large, succulent and pleasant-tasting.

37. C.pseudoazarolus M. Pop. in Bull. Appl. Bot., Gen. et Pl. breed.
XXII, 3 (1929) 442, £.101 36.—C. pontica C.Koch X C. pseudo-
melanocarpa M. Pop.

Small tree with tomentose-pubescent annotinous shoots; leaves
coriaceous, glaucous, rather sparsely pubescent, 3—5cm long and broad,
rhomboid in outline, with cuneate base, 5S-partite; lobes acute, the upper
tapering toward the apex, the lower broadening, with 1—3 teeth at the apex;
lower lobes frequently incised, the lowermost narrower, oboval, dentate

354

466

467

only at the apex; inflorescences few-flowered, with tomentose-pubescent
pedicels and sepals; flowers unknown; fruit solitary or in pairs, large, ca.
1.5cm in diameter, dark red, with erect sepals at the apex; nutlets 3 or 4,
smooth at the sides. Described from Aidere in Kopet Dagh. Type in
Leningrad.

38. C.pseudoambigua A. Pojark. sp. n. in Addenda VIII, p. 395. —
C.ambigua M.Pop in Bull. Appl. Bot., Gen. a Pl. breed. XXII, 3 (1929)
438 (non C.A.M.).— Ic.: M.Pop., l.c.f. 97.

Small tree with glabrous, unarmed shoots usually with glaucous bloom,
with brownish-gray bark on older branches; adult leaves scattered-hairy
above, mainly along the veins, with beards in angles of main veins below,
with hairy margins especially at base and in notches; lowest leaves on
flowering shoots oblong-cuneate, dentate or trifid at the apex; other leaves
ovate, with cuneate base, to 3.5—4.5cm long, 4—5cm broad, usually 5-,less
often 3-partite, the middle lobe trifid; lobes acute or acuminate, oval-
lanceolate, or ovate, unequally serrate from the middle on inside near the
apex, the lower lobes much larger than the upper, sometimes with 1 deep
incision; leaves on sterile shoots larger, to 6cm long and broad, more
deeply 5—7-partite, sometimes nearly dissected at base and with remote
lower lobes; inflorescences in compound corymbs composed of 4 or 5
branchlets, each with 3(2) flowers, glabrous or slightly hairy; flowers
unknown; sepals oblong-triangular, acuminate, recurved in fruit; styles 2,
less often 1; fruits ovoid-globose, black-red, with deep, narrow umbilicus;
nutlets 2,less often 1, hemispherical, flat on the ventral side, nearly smooth,
the dorsal side convex with 1 or 2 obscure furrows. Fr. October.

Ravine slopes.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm.: in Kopet Dagh. Endemic.
Described from the Aidere Gorge. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Distinguished from C.ambigua C.A.M. by its darker fruits
with broader and shallower umbilicus, by different shape of sepals and
leaves, and by its spiny shoots. The morphological characters of
C.pseudoambigua lead us to believe that it is a hybrid of the red-
fruited, monogynous C.turkestanica A.Pojark. with C. pseudo-
melanocarpa M.Pop. (black fruits and 3—5 nutlets), viz.: fruits of
C.pseudoambigua with a narrow high-rimmed umbilicus; the plants
quite frequently monogynous as in the latter species (this is observed only
exceptionally in species of the series Ambiguae); nutlets almost smooth
on the sides. Inits leaves C.pseudoambigua very closely resembles
C.turkestanica A. Pojark., differing only in the larger size and in the
higher position and closer approximation of the lobes. Apparently the
species named is the second parent species of C. pseudoambigua,
whose true taxonomic status can be ascertained only as a result of field
observations.

39. C.armena A. Pojark. sp. n. in Addenda VIII, p. 395.

Shrub ca. 2—2.5m high; young shoots hairy; annotinous shoots glabrous,
dark cherry-red; bark of older branches gray or macular, gray-chestnut;
axillary spines few, 7-15mm long; leafy spines slender, also few; leaves
puberulent on both sides,with more appressed and sparser pubescence above,
ovate with cuneate base; lower leaves on flowering shoots often narrower,

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468

cuneate, trilobate or trifid at the apex; upper leaves 5-partite with acute
lobes, the lower lobes much larger and narrower than the upper (2-2.5
times as long as broad), with few large teeth and often with 1 deep incision;
upper lobes sometimes broad (as long or as 1.5 times as long as broad),
entire or with 1—3 teeth near the apex; notches between lobes broad, cutting
the blade to 73—°/4; leaves on sterile shoots more deeply dissected, with
broader, incised lobes; inflorescence a compound corymb, hairy, usually
composed of 4 or 5 branches; flowers unknown; sepals triangular or
triangular-lanceolate, acute, reflexed in fruit; fruiting poor, usually fruits
1—5, oblong-ellipsoid, 10-12 mm long, vinaceous-red, with yellowish, rather
succulent flesh, usually with 1 nutlet, sometimes with a small admixture of
fruits with 2 nutlets; nutlets slightly compressed at the sides witha
shallow furrow, the dorsal side convex with 2—4 obscure longitudinal
furrows; hypostyle triangular, short. Fr. September.

Among shrubs on stony mountain slopes at 1, 300—2, 500 m; solitary and
very rare.— Caucasus: S.Transc. (Zangezur and the Megri District).
Endemic. Described from the Megri District. Type in Leningrad.

Note. Closely related to C.kyrtostyla Fingerh., from which it is
distinguished by its leaves — pubescent on both sides — and by darker
fruits; leaf lobes entire or with few large teeth at the apex,in C. kyrto-
styla rather serrulate, at least from the middle. The morphological
characters enumerated above, which distinguish C. armena from
C.kyrtosty la, bring it closer to ©. meyeri,A. Pojarks inidismnciion
from the latter, it has oblong, smaller fruits with one nutlet, and the
admixture of fruits with 2 nutlets is also characteristic. It may be that
C.armenia isa hybridvof CC. kyrtostyla xt€ i miely ex iwresulimoepieom
contact between three species inthe C. armena distribution area, now
ecologically discontinuous.

Economic importance. May be recommended as an ornamental shrub.

356

471 DIAGNOSES PLANTARUM NOVARUM = “PPENDA

IN TOMO IX FLORAE URSS COMMEMORATARUM
DIAGNOSES OF NEW SPECIES MENTIONED IN VOLUME IX

Majo 1939

SEMPERVIVUM L.
1. S. glabrifolium A. Bor. sp. nova (Sect. Eu-Sempervivum Schoenl.).

Perenne; 10—15 cm altum; caules floriferi breviter glanduloso-
pubescentes; rosulae 1—3 cm in diam., foliis obovatis, 1 cm longis, 0.5 em
latis (in 1/, superiore) acutis, utrinque glabris, margine longe ciliatis; folia
caulina lanceolata, ca. 1.5 cm longa, 0.4 cm lata, apice acuta, utrinque
glabra (superiora tantum parce glanduloso-pubescentia) margine longe
ciliata. Inflorescentia corymboso-paniculata, 3—5 cm longa, 3—4 cm
lata, ramis multifloris; bracteae lanceolatae, breviter glanduloso-pubes-
centes; flores 6—7 mm longi, 10—12-meri, breviter pedicellati (pedicellis
1—2 mm longis); calyx 3 mm longus, ad ?/, in lacinias 10—12, ovatas,
obtusiusculas, breviter glanduloso-pubescentes fissus, corolla 2.5—3-plo
brevior. Petala linearia vel lanceolato-linearia, lutea, 6—7 mm longa, acuta,
extus breviter glanduloso-pubescentia et margine ciliata, integerrima,
divergentia. Stamina 20—24, petalis opposita, iis subaequilonga;
petalis alternantia paulo breviora; filamentis basin versus dilatatis,
in parte inferiore pilis paucis obsitis, antheris luteis, rotundato-ovatis;
squamae hypogynae brevissimae, ca. 0.5 mm latae et 0.25 mm _ longae,
apice rotundatae, convexae; pistilla inaequilateraliter ovata, ventre parce
breviter glanduloso-pubescentia, dorso glabra, petalis breviora, stylis longis,
rectis, glabris, ovario aequilongis; fructus ovato-lanceolati, polyspermi,
ca. 0.5 mm longi, lanceolati, fusci, apice rostro erecto extrorsum paulo
patente praediti. V. s.

Habitat: in rupibus.

Typus: Armenia turcica, distr. Artvin, Tzrija, fl. Czoroch, leg.
Turkevicz. 9V1I1914 n° 768 fl.; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS con-
servatur.

Affinitas: S. globifero L. s. s. proximum est; differt foliis rosulae
et caulinis facie glabris (margine tantum ciliatis), laciniis calycinis ovatis,
obtusiuculis, staminibus petalis subaequilongis.

RHODIOLA L.

2. Rh. arctica A. Bor. sp. nova (Sect. Eu-Rhodiola Schrenk, ser. Roseae
A. Bor.).—R. sibirica Sweet ex Ldb. FI. Ross. II (1844—1846) 179 pro
parte.— R. rosea Fisch. et Mey. ex Schrenk Enum. pl. nov. (1841)

67, non L.— Sedum rhodiola var. latifolia Rgl. in Trautv. Fl. Nov. Zeml.
(1871) 24.

Perennis; radices crassae, validae; rhizoma breve, 4—5 cm longum,
crassum nonnunquam ramosum, foliis squamiformibus, imbricatis, rotundato-
ovatis, acutiusculis, 4 mm longis, 3 mm latis vestitum; caules 7—10 cm
alti, 2—3 mm in diametro, paulo adseendentes, saepe numerosi, simplices;
folia glauco-viridia, imbricato-approximata, rotundato-ovata, apice acutius-
cula, integerrima vel in parte superiore pauci-dentata, basi lata, subam-
plexicaulia, Inflorescentia corymbosa, multi- et densiflora, ad 2 cm lata,
1 cm alta, foliis circumdata; flores dioici, pedicellis longiores, ca. 3 mm longi,
tetrameri; sepala lanceolata, 1.5—2-plo petalis breviora, obtusiuscula, flava
vel viridia; petala lanceolata, carinata, obtusa, flava, 3 mm longa; stamina 8,
corolla longiora, filamentis luteis, antheris rotundatis; squamae hypogynae
ad 1 mm longae, quadratae vel longitudine quam latitudo duplo majore,
apice emarginatae; pistillum florum femineorum rectum, florum masculorum
abortivum; fructus folliculares, ovati, breviter rostrati, 4—5 mm_ longi,
virides. Semina oblonga, ca. 1 mm longa. (Tab. Ill f. la—b.). V. v.

Habitat: in lapidosis.

Typus: Insula Novaja Zemlja, Matoczkin Schar, ad ripam marinam
8VII1924 leg. A. I. Tolmatczev fl. n° 284; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc.
URSS conservatur.

Area geographica: Europa arctica—Novaja Zemlja, insula
Vajgacz, peninscula Kola.

Affinitas: R. roseae L. proxima est, differt statura humiliore, foliis
rotundato-ovatis, glauco-viridibus, basi amplexicaulibus, margine integerri-
mis vel pauce dentatis, *imbricatis, floribus pedicellig longioribus.

3. Rh. iremelica A. Bor. sp. nova (Sect. Eu-Rhodiola Schrenk, ser.
Roseae A. Bor.).— Sedum roseum auct. pro parte.—S. Rhodiola auct.
pro parte.

Perennis; radix valida, crassa, erecta, verticalis; rhizoma ramosum,
crassum, in parte superiore foliis squamiformibus, imbricatis, membrana-
ceis, triangularibus, superioribus longioribus, acutis, 5—7 mm_longis,
5 mm latis vestitum; caules plurimum pauci, 15—20 (30) cm alti, 4—
5 mm in diam.; folia approximata, sessilia, viridia, oblongo-ovata, 2—
2.5 cm longa, 1—1.5 cm lata, inaequidentata, apice acuta, basi late-
cuneata. Inflorescentia densa, corymbosa, 2—4 cm lata, 1—1.5 cm alta,
pauciflora, ramis erectis crassiusculis, simplicibus in inflorescentiis femineis
et tenuibus ramosisque in inflorescentiis masculis; flores dioici, tetrameri;
flores feminei pedicellis longiores; flores masculi pedicellis aequilongi;
sepala florum masculorum, lineari-lanceolata, acuta ad 1 mm longa; sepala
florum femineorum ad 1.5 mm longa, linearia, obtusa, petala_viridia,
ad 3 mm_ longa, linearia, obtusiuscula; stamina petalis paulo longiora,
filamentis filiformibus, antheris rotundatis; folliculi 5—7 mm longi, oblongo-

358

lanceolati, crassiusculi, breviter rostrati; semina lanceolata, 1 mm _ paulo
longiora. V. s.

Habitat: in rupibus, in rupibus umbrosis.

Typus: in monte Iremel jugi Uralensis; m. Kaban, tundra. 23 VII
1927 leg. L. Tjulina fr. n° 361; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS con-
servatur.

Specimina examinata: 1) ibidem 15 VII1893, leg. D. Litwinow,
fr. 2) ibidem, 1878, Schell fr. 3) distr. Abselilov, Jugum Krikti, ad lacum
Bannoe, in rupibus umbrosis 26 VII1935, leg. H. Krascheninnikov, fl. et fr.

Affinitas: R. roseae L. proxima est, differt foliis oblongo-ovatis,
margine grosse-inaequidentatis approximatis, sessilibus, floribus pedicellis
longioribus, folliculis crassiusculis, breviter, crasse rostratis, seminibus
minoribus. A proxima R. arctica differt statura altiore, caulibus 4—5 mm
in diam., foliis squam‘formibus 5—7 mm longis, 5 mm latis, foliis caulinis
oblongo-ovatis, viridibus, margine grosse inaequidentatis.

4, Rh. sachalinensis A. Bor. sp. nova (Sect. Eu-Rhodiola Schrenk, ser.

Roseae A. Bor.).— Sedum roseum auct. pro parte.—S. Rhodiola auct.
pro parte.

Perennis; radix valida, crassa, erecta; rhizoma 3—6 cm _ longum,
1—3 cm crassum, foliis squamiformibus, imbricatis, oblongo-triangularibus,
acutiusculis, 0.6 cm longis, 0.3 cm latis, in folia viridia sensim abeuntibus
dense vestitum; caules in numero 2—5, 10—15 (20) cm alti, 3—4 mm
in diam.; folia alternantia, oblongo-spathulata, elongato-rhomboidea, 2—
2.5 cm longa, 0.5—0.7 cm lata, apice acuta, basi late cuneata, in parte
superiore grosse-dentata, in parte inferiore integerrima. Inflorescentia co-
rymbosa, multiflora, laxa, 2—2.5 cm lata, foliis circumdata; flores dioici,
lutei, parvi, tetra- (raro penta-) meri; sepala petalis 1.5-plo breviora, oblonga,
acuta; petala oblongo-lanceolata, obtusiuscula 3 mm longa; stamina petalis
paulo longiora; filamentis luteis, antheris rotundatis; squamae hypogynae
apice emarginatae, longitudine quam latitudo paulo majore; folliculi 4—
5 mm longi, lanceolati, breviter rostrati; semina ovata, ca. 1 mm longa,

0.5 mm lata. (tab. Ill f. 2a—b.). V. s.

Habitat: in rupibus et in lapidosis insulae Sachalin nec non insu-
larum Kurilensium.

Typus: insula Sachalin, Due; in rupibus promontorii Chadzhi 6 VI
1872, fl. leg. Augustinovitsch fl. (sub Sedo Rhodiola var. oblongo Rgl.
et Schmalh.); in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS conservatur.

Specimina examinata: insula Sachalin, ripa occidentalis fl.
Achsigy 23 VII11929, leg. Kryshtofovich. fr.; Sachalin septentrionalis
in jugo Nabilskyi, ad fontes fl. Irkir in rupibus 221X 1930, leg. Kabanov,
fr.; fl. Pilenga, supra m. Lopatin 26 VIII130, leg. A. Korkeschko, fr.

Affinitas: R. roseae L. proxima est, differt foliis oblongo-spathu-
hatis, elongato-rhomboideis, basi cuneatis, nonnunquam subpetiolatis, mar-

359

gine in parte superiore grosse et pauce dentatis, in parte inferiore inte-
gerrimis; inflorescentia foliis circumdata.

5. Rh. borealis A. Bor. sp. nova(Sect. Eu-Rhodiola Schrenk, ser. Roseae
A. Bor.).— Sedum roseum auct. pro parte.—.S. Rhodiola auct. pro parte.

Perennis; radix valida, longa, parce ramosa; rhizoma ramosum,
1—4 cm crassum, 1—4 cm longum, in parte superiore foliis squami-
formibus imbricatis, obtusiusculis, elliptico-triangularibus, fuscis, 4—5 mm
longis, 3—5 mm latis, vestitum; caules numerosi, 5—10 (15) cm alti,
2—3 mm in diam., dense foliati, paulo curvati. Folia _ inferiora
basi rotundato-cordata, integerrima, acuta, subopposita; folia superiora
alternantia, elongata ad oblonga, sub apice paucidentata, apice acutius-
cula. Inflorescentia corymbosa, densa, compacta, rotundata, multiflora,
1.5—2 cm lata, 1—1.5 cm longa; flores dioici, tetra- (penta) meri, parvi,
2.5—3 mm longi; sepala acuta, lanceolata, corolla 2-plo breviora, rubra,
saepe basi lutea; petala 2.5—3 wm longa, carinata, rubra, vel lutes-
centia; stamina 8—10, saepe 4—5, vix petalis longiora, filamentis et
antheris rotundatis luteis; pistilla florum masculorum abortiva, florum
femineorum evoluta stylis erectis, stigma claviforme; squamae hypogynae
latitudine quam longitudo duplo minore, apice profunde emarginatae, basi
angustatae; folliculi 4mm longi, ovati, breviter claviformiter rostrati; semina
1—1.5 mm longa, 0.5 mm lata, ovata, fusca. V. s.

Habitat: in decliviis lapidosis, ad ripam marinam.

Typus: Distr. Turuchansk pr. p. Dudinka, in tundra. 20 VI 1914,
leg. A. M. Avramenok f!. n° 3699; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS
conservatur.

Area geographica: Sibiria arctica.

Affinitas: R. roseae L. proxima est, differt floribus et fructibus
fubris, foliis dense imbricatis. A. proxima R. atropurpurea Turcz. differt
rilamentis luteis, foliis imbricatis, viridibus, basi rotundato-cordatis, supe-
rioribus elongatis, floribus 2.5—3 mm longis.

6. Rh. linearifolia A. Bor. sp. n. (Sect. Eu-Rhodiola Schrenk, ser.
Linifoliae A. Bor.).— Sedum Kirilowii var. linifolium Rgl. et Schmalh.
in A.H.P. V (1877) 583.—S. linifolium rubrum hort.— Rhodiola linifolia

rubra hort.

Perennis; radix crassa; rhizoma validum, crassum, foliis squamiformi-
bus imbricatis, triangularibus, acutiusculis 0.6 mm longis, 0.5 mm latis in
parte superiore vestitum; caules 1—3, 25—30 cm alti, 4—6 mm in diam.,
sulcati; folia alternantia, lineari-lanceolata, basi dilatata, 2—5 cm longa,
3—7 mm lata, apice acuminata, integerrima vel rarissime dentata, sessilia.
Inflorescentia corymbosa, multiflora, compacta, plurimum foliata, 1.5—5 cm lata,
1.5 cm longa; flores dioici, nonnunquam hermaphroditi, plurimum pentameri,
raro tetrameri, breviter pedicellati, pedicellis floribus brevioribus; sepala

360

linearia, acutiuscula, 2.5-plo corolla breviora, viridiuscula; petala lineari-
lanceolata, 4 mm longa, obtusiuscula, lateritia; stamina corolla 1.5-plo lon-
giora, filamentis rubris, antheris luteis; squamae hypogynae subquadratae,
apice emarginatae, pistillis 2-plo breviores; folliculi 1.5—2-plo corolla lon-
giores, 6—8 mm longi, breviter rostrati. V. v.

Habitat: in rupibus, in decliviis pratensibus alt. ca. 3000 m.

Typus: Tjan-Schan, Alatau Transiliensis, in trajectu Bosingea 6 VII1909,
leg. C. Bogolubov, fl. n° 673; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS con-
servatur.

Area geographica: Montes Tjan-Schan: in jugis: Narynensi,
Aleksandri, Transiliensi et Kaschgaria.

_ Affinitas: R. Kirilowii (Rgl.) proxima est, differt floribus lateritiis,
breviter pedicellatis, corolla breviore. Inflorescentia compacta, foliis circum-
data, foliis lineari-lanceolatis, basi dilatatis, subintegerrimis vel rarissime
apice dentatis, 2.5 cm longis, 0.3—0.7 cm latis, calyce quam corolla 1.5 plo
breviore, staminibus corolla 1.5-plo longioribus, filamentis rubris, antheris
luteis.

7. Rh. pinnatifida A. Bor. sp. nova (Sect. Eu-Rhodiola Schrenk, ser.
Linifoliae A. Bor.).— Sedum dentatum Steph. pro parte in herb. non DC.
non Sedum Stephani Chamisso.

Perennis; radix valida, fusiformis, leviter ramosa; rhizoma breve,
1—1.5 cm longum, 1.5—2 cm latum, foliis squamiformibus imbricatis, oblongo-
striangularibus, acutis, fuscis, 4—5 mm longis, 0.3 cm latis, vestitum; caule
pauci, 15—20 cm alti, 3—4 mm in diam.,, erecti, dense fol‘ati; folia lanceo-
lata vel lineari-lanceolata, profunde inaequali-dentata, alternantia, pseudo-
verticillata (verticillis 3-foliatis), 2—3.5 cm longa, 3—5 mm _ lata, basin
versus sensim angustata, apice acutiuscula. Inflorescentia densa, umbel-
liformis, multiflora, foliis circumdata, 2.5 cm lata, 1.5 cm longa, flores
tetrameri, dioici, pedicellis breviores; sepala 4 mm longa, corolla 1.5-plo
breviora, acutiuscula, lanceolata, luteo-viridia; petala 6 mm longa, lanceolata
vel oblongo-lanceolata, lutea, obtusiuscula; stamina 8, corolla 1.5-plo lon-
giora filamentis luteis, antheris rotundatis, luteo-viridibus; squamae hypogynae
elongatae, 1 mm longae, 0.5 mm latae; folliculi ad 7 mm _ longi, oblongo-
anceolati, apice rostrati; semina oblonga, ad 2 mm longa, ad 1 mm lata,
obtusiuscula, fusca. V. s.

Habitat: in decliviis argillosis, ruderatis, saepe ad ripas fluminum
in regione alpina.

Typus: Transbaicalia, distr. Akschinsk, m. Sochondo ad ripam fl.
Nertschi-Beltschir, in argillosis. 18 V1I1913, leg. W. Smirnow fl. n° 2494;
in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS conservatur.

Area geographica: Sibiria orientalis: Montes Sajanenses, Mon-
golia septentrionalis.

361

Affinitas: R. Stephani (Cham.) Trautv. et Mey. proxima est. Dif-
fert corollig luteis, petalis lanceolatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, staminibus

ongioribus, squamarum hypogynarum forma, praecipue foliis obscure-
Iviridibus.

8. Rh. Komarovii A. Bor. sp. nova (Sect. Eu-Rhodiola Schrenk, ser.
Algidae A. Bor.).

Perennis; radices tenues; rhizoma tenue, longum, 0.5—0.7 cm in diam.,
in parte superiore foliis squamiformibus imbricatis, acutis, 2—3 mm _ longis,
basi 2—3 mm latis vestitum; caules pauci (3—4), glabri, dense foliati,
ad 10 cm alti, 1 mm in diam.; folia alternantia, approximata, linearia, crassa,
subteretia, in parte superiore latiora, integerrima, vel dentibus 1—2 prae-
dita, apice obtusiuscula, 1—2 cm longa, 1—2 mm lata, viridia. Inflorescen-
tia foliata, ad 1 cm lata, pauciflora (floribus 1—5), corymbosa (ramis 2—4),
terminalis; flores breviter pedicellati (pedicelli floribus breviores), herma-
phroditi (rarius pistillis subabortivis praediti), 4-(5-) meri, 4—5 mm longi;
sepala angusta, linearia, acutiuscula, 1.5—2 mm longa, viridia, 1.5—2-plo
corolla breviora; petala lanceolato-elliptica vel lanceolata, ochroleuca,
obtusiuscula, in fructificatione persistentia; stamina petalis opposita iis
breviora, petalis alternantia iis aequilonga; squamae hypogynae latitudine
longitudinem superante; folliculi 7 mm longi, lanceolati, longirostrati, rostro
ad 2 mm longo extrorsum curvato; semina brunnea, subnigra, oblonga,
ad 2 mm longa, acuta. V. s.

Habitat: in rupibus, in decliviis lapidosis, umbrosis, alt. supra 1000 m.

Typus: Oriens Extremus: distr. Voroschilov, distr. Sutschan. In
decliviis lapidosis septentrionali-orientalibus, m. Chualasa. 9 VI 1921, leg. I.
Schischkin, n° 1823, fl.; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS conservatur.

Specimina examinata: 1) ibidem, in decliviis septentrionalibus
in rupibus 5 VIII 1921, leg. I. Schischkin fr. n° 1824; 2) in rupibus
alt. 1100 m, 23 VII 1923, leg. I. Schischkin, fl.

Affinitas: Rhodiolae crassipedi (Wallich) A. Bor. (Himalaya) proxima
est, differt statura altiore, foliis integerrimis vel subintegerrimis, inflores-
centia pauciflora, folliculorum forma.

9. Rh. kaschgarica A. Bor. sp. nova (Sect. Chamae-Rhodiola Schrenk,
ser. Integerrimae A. Bor.).

Perennis; radices tenues, griseae; rhizoma 0.5—1 cm in diam.
polycephalum, ramosum, caulibus vetustioribus et foliis squam’formibus
imbricatis, triangularibus, acutiusculis, 2—5 mm longis, 3—5 mm latis ves-
titum; caules numerosi, adscendentes, divergentes, 3—5 (10) cm alti,
0.5—1 mm in diam.; caules vetustiores grisescentes; folia alternantia subhori-
zontaliter patentia, oblonga vel lineari-lanceolata, basi subangustata,
crassa, 3—10 mm longa, 1—2 mm lata, integerrima, apice obtusiuscula.
Inflorescentia pauciflora, corymbosa vel capitata, 0.5—1 cm lata,

362

0.4—0.6 cm longa; flores dioici subsessiles, breviter pedicellati (pedicelli
floribus brevioribus, in fructificatione elongati), plurimum tetra- raro penta-
meri, aurei, ad 3 mm longi; sepala linearia, acuta, 1.5-plo corolla breviora
vel corollae subaequilonga; petala 3—4 mm longa, oblongo-lanceolata,
apice constricta, obtusiuscula. Stamina corolla paulo breviora vel raro
paulo longiora, filamentis antherisque luteis; pistilli florum masculorum
abortivi; squamae hypogynae subquadratae vel elongatae; folliculi
ovati, 3—4 mm longi, breviter rostrati (rostris extrorsum patentibus); semina
ad 1.5 mm longa, lanceolata, fusea (Tab. Ill f. 5 a). V. s.

Habitat: in decliviis lapidosis et in rupibus in regione altomontana.

Ty pus: Kaschgaria, fl. Billuli, ad faucem fl. Tschimbus, in lapidosis,
saepe. 11 V11909; leg. Divnogorskaja; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS
conservatur.

Area geographica: Asia media: Tjan-schan ad lacum Czatyr-kul,
fl. Ak-saj; Kaschgaria.

Affinitas: R. quadrifidae (Pall). Fisch. et Mey. proxima est; differt
caulibus abscendentibus, divergentibus, vetustioribus ut rhizoma griseis, non
nigrescentibus, foliis obtusiusculis, oblongis vel lineari-lanceolatis, subhori-
zontaliter patentibus, folliculis ovatis ad 3 mm longis.

10. Rh. pamiroalaica A. Bor. sp. nova (Sect. Chamae-Rhodiola Schrenk
ser. /ntegerrimae A. Bor.).

Perennis; radix valida, crassa; rhizoma validum lignosum, crassum,
1.5—3 cm in diam., caulibus vetustioribus et foliis squamiformibus, imbri-
catis, triangulari-lanceolatis, acutiusculis, membranaceis, (4) 6—8 mm longis,
(1.5) 3—6 mm latis vestitum; caules adscendentes, numerosi, 10—20 (30) cm alti,
2 mm in diam., in parte inferiore sulcati; folia alternantia, remota, linearia
vel lineari-lanceolata vel lanceolata, basi dilatata, sessilia, crassa, 0.7—1.5 cm
longa, 1.5—2 mm lata, integerrima, apice acutiuscula. Inflorescentia multi-
flora, compacta, raro laxi- vel pauciflora, corymboso-paniculata, 0.5—1 cm
longa, 1—1.5 (2) cm lata; flores pedicellati (pedicellis floribus aequi-
longis), dioici, 5-(nonnunquam 6-) meri, ad 4 mm longi; sepala lanceolata
vel linearia, obtusiuscula, 2 mm longa, viridescenti-lutea; petala obtusiuscula,
lanceolata vel linearia, 4 mm longa, ochroleuca; stamina corolla breviora,
filamentis luteis, antheris luteis, rotundatis; squamae hypogynae quadratae,
apice integerrimae vel paulo emarginatae; folliculi ad 4 (6) mm longi, oblongi,
apice rostro filiformi, ad 1 mm longo, erecto, rare extrorsum paulo patente
praediti; semina 2 mm longa, 0.5 mm lata, lanceolata, fusca (Tab. Ill
f. 6 a-b). V. s.

Habitat: in decliviis lapidosis necnon in glareosis regionis alpinae.

Typus: Pamiroalaj, Darwaz, fl. Vantsch, alt. 2286 m. 11—12 VI
1897, fl. leg. S. Korshinsky, n° 2535, 2537; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc.
URSS conservatur.

363

Area geographica: Pamiro-Alaj: Pamir orientalis et occiden-
talis, Darwaz, jugum Alaicum, Kuldzha, Kaschgaria, Mongolia occidentalis.

Affinitas: R. quadrifidae (Pall.) Fisch. et Mey. et R. kaschgaricae A.
Bor. proxima est, differt floribus 5-meris, corolla ochroleuca, inflorescentia
multiflora, praecipue densa, caulibus validioribus, 10—20 (30) cm altis, 2 mm
in diam. R. quadrifida habitat in montibus uralensibus et sibiricis,
R. kaschgarica—in Kaschgaria et in regione alpina montium Tjan-Schan.

11. Rh. recticaulis A. Bor. sp. nova (Sect. Chamae-Rhodiola Schrenk,
ser. Oblongae A. Bor.). .

Perennis; radix crassa, lignosa; rhizoma 3—4 (6) cm crassum, ramulis
ad 1.5 cm crassis, foliis squamiformibus, imbricatis, membranaceis, fuscis,
triangularibus, obtusis, ad 1 cm latis, 1 cm longis, in parte superiore vesti-
tum; caules numerosi, vetustiores persistentes, (8) 12—15 cm alti, 1.5—2 mm
in diam., plurimum erecti, leviter sulcati, foliosi; folia alternantia, elliptica
vel elliptico-oblonga, grandidentata, apice acutiuscula, 0.8—1 cm longa,
0.2—0.3 cm lata, erecto-patentia, atroviridia. Inflorescentia densa, multiflora
(rare pauciflora), corymboso-capitata, 1.5—2 cm lata, folios»; tlores breviter
pedicellati (pedicellis floribus brevioribus), parvi, dioici, tetrameri; sepala
corolla 2-plo breviora, elliptica, obtusa, rubra vel rubescentia; petala oblongo-
elliptica, obtusa, 4 mm longa, lutea; stamina corolla longiora, filamentis
luteis, antheris rotundatis; squamae hypogynae subquadratae, apice integer-
rimae; stigma discoideum; folliculi breviter rostrati; semina oblonga, 2 mm
longa, 0.5 mm lata, fusca. V. s.

Habitat: in pratis regionis alpinae.

Typus: Pamir, loco Utsch-kol, prope trajectum Koitesek, in rupibus
22 Vi11897, leg. S. Korshinsky, fr. n° 2540; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc.
URSS conservatur.

Area geographica: Darwaz, Pamir orientalis et occidentalis
(Schugnan) — saepe, in jugis Transalaico et Alaico—raro; Tjan-Schan distr.
Karacol, Affgania, Kaschgaria.

Affinitas: R. gelidae Schrenk proxima est; differt foliis squamifor-
mibus majoribus (1 cm longis et latis), sepalis rubris, rhizomatibus magnis,
lignosis, caulibus erectis et longioribus, foliis praecipue grosse dentatis,
squamis hypogynis quadratis et apice integerrimis. R. gelida Schrenk
folia squamiformia 0.5—0.7 cm longa, 0.4 cm lata; caules 3—5 (raro majores)
cm alti, 1 mm in diam., adscendentes; folia vix dentata vel subintegerrima,
Squamae hypogynae 3-plo longiores, quam latae, apice emarginatae.
R. gelida habitat in Tjan-Schan et in parte septentrionali Pamiro-Alaj.

12. Rh. Litwinowii A. Bor. sp. nova (Sect. Chamae-Rhodiola Schrenk,
ser. Oblongae A. Bor.).

Perennis; radix crassa, ad 30 cm longa, 2 cm in parte superiore lata;
rhizoma validum, polycephalum, 3—4 cm longum, 1—2 cm latum, in parte

5773 364

superiore foliis squamiformibus imbricatis, ovatis, triangularibus, ochroleucis,
membranaceis, acutiusculis, 1—1.5 cm longis, basi 1—1.5 cm latis, infe-
rioribus brevioribus, latioribus, semirotundatis vestitum; caules numerosi,
erecti, caules vetustiores pauci, 10—17 cm alti, paulo sulcati, dense
foliati, 2—4 mm in diam.; folia alternantia, plana, elliptica, in parte
superiore obtuse dentata, basi integerrima, cuneata, apice obtusiuscula,
1—1.5 cm longa, 0.3—0.5 cm lata, dilute viridia, in sicco semper flavoviren-
tia. Inflorescentia densa, multiflora, compacta, 2—2.5 cm lata, 1—1.5 cm
longa, foliosa; pedicelli floribus aequilongi vel breviores; flores lutei
5 (4)-meri, dioici, parvi, ad 4 mm longi; sepala lanceolata, 1.5-plo corolla
breviora, obtusa; petala obtusa, lanceolata, 4 mm longa; stamina corolla
longiora, filamentis luteis, antheris luteis, rotundatis; squamae hypogynae
quadratae, apice integerrimae; folliculi ad 8 mm longi sensim in rostrum
longum, filiforme, 1—1.5 mm longum attenuati; semina 1.5—2 mm longa,
0.5 mm lata, oblongo-lanceolata, fusca.

Habitat: in decliviis lapidosis et argillosis, in regione alpina.

Typus: Asia Media, distr. Andizhan, trajectus Kenkol, 3140 m,
16 VI1899, leg. D. Litwinow, fl. fr.; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS
conservatur.

Area geographica: Tjan-Schan nec non Pamiro-Alaj, in Mongolia
septentrionali-occidentali et in montibus Kaschgariae.

Affinitas: R. recticauli A. Bor. proxima est, differt foliis dilute
viridibus, oblongo-ellipticis, 1—1.5 cm longis, 0.3—0.5 cm latis, margine
profunde inaequali-dentatis, apice obtusiusculis, caulibus 2—4 mm _ in
diam., vetustioribus paucis; foliis squamiformibus acutiusculis, 1—1.5 cm
longis et latis, calyce luteo, folliculis longe rostratis, rostro 1—1.5 mm
long».

SEDUM L.

13. S. mugodscharicum A. Bor. sp. nova (Sect. Telephim S. F. Gray,
ser. Eu-Telephia (Praeger) A. Bor.)—S. purpureum auct. pro parte.

Perenne; radices fasciculares, tuberoso-incrassatae, fusiformes; caules
erecti, 35—60 cm alti, laeves, subrosei, dense foliati; folia alternantia, acuta,
oblonga, 2—4 cm longa, 0.8—1.5 cm lata, integerrima, nonnunquam in parte
inferiore 1—2 dentes longos angustos gerentia, apice acuta, basi lata, cor-
dato-amplexicaulia. Inflorescentia composita, racemiformi-paniculata, ramis
lateralibus brevibus, axillaribus (ex axillis foliorum superiorum abeuntibus),
multiflora, 4—8 cm lata, 7—10 cm longa; pedicelli floribus aequilongi
vel iis breviores; calyx 2-plo corolla brevior; sepala lineari-filiformia, acu-
minata, viridia; petala 5, rubra, acuta, elliptica vel ovata, 5 mm longa; sta-
mina 10: 5 petalis opposita, ad ’/, petalis connata, corolla breviora, 5 petalis
alternantia, corollae aequilonga vel ea paulo breviora; ovarium pedicellatum;

365

pistilli stylo longo, filiformi; fructus rostro extrorsum patente, maturi
ignoti. V. s.

Habitat: ad ripas humidas fluviorum montanorum.

Typus: in jugo Mugodzhary, Ber-Czogur 22 VII 1909, leg. Andros-
sov, fl.; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS conservatur.

Specimina examinata: jwgum Mugodzhary, m. Airjuk in lapi-
dosis, 12 VJI1914, leg. Dessjatova, fl., n° 1235.

Affinitas: S. purpureo Schult. proximum est, differt foliis basi
cordato-amplexicaulibus, integerrimis vel basi 1—2-dentatis, inflorescentiis
compositis racemoso-paniculatis.

14. S. caucasicum (Grossh.) A. Bor. (Sect. Telephium S. F. Gray,
ser. Eu-Telephia (Praeger) A. Bor.) —S. Telephium s. lat. auct.— S. maxi-
mum var. caucasicum Grossh. Fl. Cauc. IJ (1930) 226.

Perenne; radices validae fusiforme incrassatae; caules 30—70 em alti,
adscendentes, validi, crassi, teretes, laeves, virides vel atropurpurei; folia
opposita, 5—7 cm lata, 3—5 cm longa, cochleariformi-concava, obovata,
basi profunde cordata (auriculis magnis) amplexicaulia, viridia vel pra-
ecipue ad nervos, atropurpurea, obsolete emarginata, apice obtusa. Inflore-
scentia corymboso-paniculata, 5—12 cm lata, ramis lateralibus ex azxillis
foliorum superiorum abeuntibus; pedunculi longi multiflori, crassi validis
pedicelli floribus aequilongi, crassi; bracteae crassae, inferiores longiores,
ovatorotundatae, superiores parvde, oblongae ad lanceolatae; flores 5 (raro
4)-meri, poculiformes; calyx 3—4-plo corolla brevior, dilute viridis, brevis-
sime tubulosus, dentibus acutis triangularibus; petala 0.5 cm longa, vires-
centi-alba, ovata, acuta, apice carinata, patentia; stamina 10, filamentis albis,
antheris luteis, petalis opposita—corollae aequilonga vel ea paulo breviora,
petalis alternantia—corolla paulo longiora; squamae hypogynae, luteae,
obtusae, apice integerrimae, latitudine quam longitudo 2-plo _breviore;
folliculi virescenti-albi, breviter extrorsum rostrati, longitudine quam
latitudo 2-plo majore, triquetri, crassiusculi, paulo divergentes, corolla
paulo breviores; semina parva, ad 0.5 cm _ longa, ovata, obtusiuscula,
fusca. V. v.

Habitat: in lapidosis et in rupibus calcareis in silvis, alt. 1000—2500 m.

Typus: Transcaucasia. Prope oppidum Achalkalaki (Prov. Tbilissi),
loco lapidoso, 23 VIII1907, leg. Eug. Bordzilowski, fl.; in Herb. Inst. Bot.
Acad. Sc. URSS conservatur. |

Area geographica: Caucasus.

Affinitas: S. maximo L. et S. Telephium L. s.s. proximum est, sed
differt foliis magnis cochleariformiter concavis obovatis, basi profunde cor-

datis, amplexicaulibus, auriculis magnis, latitudine longitudinem superante,
5—7 cm latis, 3—5 cm longis.

366

15. S. pentapetalum A. Bor. sp. nova (Sect. Epeteium Boiss., ser.
Hispanicae A. Bor.).—S. hispanicum auct., non L.—S. glaucum auct.

Planta annua, erecta; caules solitarii, simplices, foliati, plus minusve
glandulosi, 5—10 (15) cm alti; folia alternantia, sessilia, oblongo-lanceo-
lata, crassa, obtusiuscula, parce glandulosa, 1—2 cm longa, 1—3 mm
lata. Inflorescentia corymbosa in parte tertia superiore disposita; ramis (1)
2—3, multifloris (raro 1—2), flores unilateraliter gerentibus; bracteae
foliis caulinis consimiles; flores 5-meri subsessiles vel breviter pedicellati;
sepala viridia, parce glandulosa, oblongo-triangularia, 3—4-plo corolla
breviora; petala oblongo vel lineari-lanceolata, acuminata, glabra, alba vel
subrosea, nervo medio viridi in sicco pallide-luteo, 5—6 (7) mm longa; sta-
mina 10, corolla breviora, filamentis albis, antheris rotundatis atroviolaceis;
pistilla lanceolata, corolla breviora, stylo erecto, subulato; squamae hypogynae
parvae, basi angustatae, apice dilatatae, 2—3-lobatae; folliculi 5, stellato-
divergentes, oblongo-lanceolati, plani, basi ventre paulo convexi, erecto subu-
lato-rostrati, verruculosi, parce praecipue ventre glanduloso-pubescentes,
5—6 mm longi; semina ovata minutissima, obtusa (Tab. V f. 1a). V. v.

Habitat: in lapidosis et in argillosis alt. ca. 1000—2000 m.

Typus: Asia media, Turcomania, montes Kopet-dagh, distr. Geok-
Tepe; in decliviis lapidosis inter Keljata et p. Prochladnoe. 1 VJ 1934, leg.
A. G. Borissova, fl. et fr. n° 99; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS con-
servatur.

Area geographica: Caucasus orientalis (Trancaucasia), Irania,
montes Kopet-dagh.

Affinitas: S. hispanico L. (speciei europeae orientali-mediterraneae)
proximum est, differt caulibus simplicibus, erectis, floribus 5-meris, folliculis
et floribus majoribus et tempore florendi IV—V (nec VI—VII).

16. S. bueharicum A. Bor. sp. nova (Sect. Epeteium Boiss., ser.
Hispanicae A. Bor.).

Planta annua, 4—5 cm alta, in parte superiore ramosa, ramis paulo cur-
vatis, foliatis, numerosis, vel caulis subsimplex; caules solitarii foliati, in
parte superiore praecipue paulo glandulosi; folia alternantia sessilia, linearia,
ad 0.8 cm longa, ca. 1 mm lata, obtusiuscula, in parte inferiore paulo
glandulosa. Inflorescentia ramis in parte superiore praecipue_bifurcatis,
floribus unilateralibus; bracteae foliis caulinis consimiles; flores 6-meri, bre-
viter pedicellati vel subsessiles; calyx basi connatus, 6-partitus, laciniis
oblonge tringularibus, acutis, pilis paucis obsitis, corolla 2.5-plo brevior,
viridis; petala glabra, lanceolata, acuminata, alba, nervo medio non promi-
nente, 4 mm longa, 1 mm lata; stamina 12, corolla breviora, filamentis albis,
antheris atroviolaceis; pistilla lanceolata, corolla breviora, stylo erecto,
filiformi, 1 mm longo; folliculi 6, stellato-divergentes, oblongo-triangulares
basi sensim dilatati, planiusculi, 4 mm longi, verruculosi, breviter parce

367

glandulosi; semina parva, ad 0.5 mm longa, ovata, apice acuta, basi
obtusa, fusca. V. s.

Habitat: in montibus calcareis.

T ypus: Pamiro-Alaj orientalis, jugum Sarsarjak, ad p. Taschanchur.
In rupibus calcareis, leg. N. Gontscharow, G. Grigorjev et V. Nikitin,
7 VI 1932, n° 205 fl. et fr.; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS conser-
vatur.

Affinitas: SS. hispanico L. proximum est, differt caulibus in parte
superiore solum ramosis vel simplicibus,: folliculis majoribus, ad 4 mm lon-
gis, oblongo-triangularibus, basi sensim dilatatis. S. pentapetalum A. Bor.
differt floribus pentameris, petalis 5—6 (7) mm _ longis, folliculis 5—6 mm
longis, lanceolatis, basi ventre convexis, caulibus erectis, simplicibus.

OROSTACHYS FISCH.

17. QO. cartilaginea A. Bor. sp. nova (Sect. Appendiculata A. Bor.). —
Cotyledon japonica auct. pro parte (non Maxim.).

Biennis vel perennis; folia rosularia oblongo-lanceolata, plana, apice
cartilagineo-appendiculata, appendiculo convexo, integro vel vix crenato,
ad 2—3 mm lato, 2 mm longo, apice aculeo cartilagineo, albo ad
2 mm longo, praedito; caules floriferi praecipue simplices, 10—20 cm alti;
folia caulina alternantia, sessilia, linearia vel lanceolato-linearia, 1.5—
3.5 cm longa, 2—4 mm lata, apice sensim acuminata et albo cartilagineo
aculeata; folia atro-viridia vel purpureo punctata. Inflorescentia racemosa
cylindrica, multiflora, compacta, 3—15 cm longa; bracteae lineares vel
lineari-lanceolatae, floribus aequilongae vel longiores, apice aculeatae,.
planae, maculatae; pedicelli breves, calyce breviores; calyx ad 2 mm
longus, viridis, maculatus, fere ad basin usque in_ laciniasanguste-
lanceolatas acutas, apice nonnunquam breviter aculeatas, partitus; corolla
5-mera, alba, virescenti-alba vel rosea, apice praecipue in alabastris
rubescentia, saepe maculata, calyce 3-plo longior; petala basi ad 7/, connata,
oblongo-lanceolata, acutiuscula; stamina 10, subaequilonga, corolla paulo
breviora; antheris fuscis demum atroviolaceis; folliculi lanceolati, breviter
pedicellati, apice rostro filiformi ad 2 cm longo praediti; semina parva, ad
0.5 mm longa, ovata, fuscescentia, numerosa. V. s.

Habitat: in rupibus, in argillosis Orientis Extremi (distr. Possjet),
Japoniae, Coreae necnon Mandshuriae.

Typus: Oriens Extremus, fl. Suifun, prope Faddeevka in rupibus,
111X 1931, leg. V. Komarov, fl.; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS

conservatur.

Affinitas: O. minutae Kom. proxima est, sed differt caulibus ma-
joribus, appendicis cartylaginei forma, bracteis majoribus.

368

ROSULARIA STAPF.

18. R. Lipskyi A. Bor. sp. nova (Sect. Eu-Rosularia Berger, ser. Cau-
casicae A. Bor.).

Perennis; glabra, viridis; radices incrassatae; rhizoma _ breve
ramosum; caules floriferi, 5—6 cm alti; folia rosularia oblongo-lanceolata,
1.5—2 cm longa, 4—5 mm lata, obtusa, margine vix membranaceo-dentata,
glabra; folia caulina oblongo-lanceolata, remota, obtusiuscula. Inflorescentia
paniculata, pauciflora, ramis erectis; pedicelli calyci subaequilongi; bracteae
lineares; flores 5-meri; calyx glaber, 3—4-plo corolla brevior, fere ad basin
in lacinias triangulares, acutas partitus; corolla anguste-campanulata, basi
cuneata, glabra, lutea, ad 7 mm longa, dentibus acutiusculis, oblongo-
lanceolatis, 1/, tubo aequilongis; stamina 10, corolla breviora, antheris
luteis; folliculi ad 6 mm longi, glabri, lineares, in rostrum filiforme,
fructu 3-plo brevius, attenuati. Semina oblonga, fusca, parva, ad 0.5 mm
longa. V. s.

Habitat: in montibus Transcaucasicis.

Typus: Transcaucasia australis, distr. Nachitschevan, Gansa. 26 V 1893,
leg. Lipsky, fl.; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS conservatur.

Affinitas: R. persicae (Boiss.) Berger proxima est, differt corolla
utea, 7 mm longa, laciniis lanceolato-triangularibus, calyce 2—2.5 mm
longo, folliculis linearibus ad 6 mm longis.

19. R. hissarica A. Bor. sp. nova (Sect. Eu-Rosularia Berger, ser.
Turkestanicae A. Bor.).

Perennis; omnis squarroso-pappilaceo-glandulosa; radix lignosa, longa
fusiforme-incrassata; rhizoma breve, saepe ramosum, foliis persistentibus
vestitum; caules floriferi 5—7 cm alti; folia rosularia spathulata, oblongo-
ovata vel oblongo-lanceolata, basi cuneata, apice obtusiuscula, 1—3 cm
longa, 3—7 mm lata, omnia dense glanduloso-pilosa; folia caulina lan-
ceolato-spathulata, obtusa, 4—10 mm longa, 1—3 mm lata, remota.
Inflorescentia paniculata, laxiflora, diffusa; pedicelli calyce longiores; bra-
cteae lineari-lanceolatae; flores 5 (6), meri; calyx 1.5-plo corolla brevior,
basi rotundatus, pilosus, fere ad basin usque in lacinias acutas, lanceo-
Jatas partitus; corolla 6—7 mm longa, roseo-violacea, late campanulata,
infra medium in lacinias lanceolatas, acuminatas partita, nervo medio
piloso; stamina 10 (12), corolla paulo (ad 1/,), breviora, antheris luteis,
reniformibus; folliculi lanceolati, staminibus longiores, rostro filiformi apice
incrassato praediti; squamae hypogynae lineares, ad 1 mm longae, apice
paulo dilatatae; semina 0.5 mm longa, oblonga, sulcata, fusca (tab. VII
ferZa)y ea 20 s8

Habitat: in rupibus et in lapidosis, alt. ca. 2500 m.

Typus: Montes meridionales Tadschikorum inter lapides in rupium
umbra in montibus Tschulbair supra p. Sina, 20V11929, fl. leg. Vveden-
sky; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS conservatur.

369

Specimina examinata: Pamiro-Alaj, montes Hissar, Chovak
15 VI 1897 fl., leg. Lipsky.

Affinitas: R. sempervivum (M. B.) Berger proxima est, differt
calyce 1.5-plo corolla breviore, basi latiore, corolla late-campanulata, 6 mm
longa, pubescentia densiore squarroso-pappilacea glandulosa, foliorum
forma.

20. R. lutea A. Bor. sp. nova (Sect. Campanella A. Bor., ser.
Luteae A. Bor.).

Perennis; radix tuberoso-incrassata, rotundato-elliptica, 0.6—2 em lata,
radiculis tenuibus parvis, paucis; caules 2—3 glabri, 3—5 cm alti, ex
axillis foliorum rosulae abeuntes; folia crassa, plana; folia radicalia oblongo-
lanceolata, obtusiuscula, plana, glabra, margine raro ciliata, saepius glabra, in
rosulam congesta; folia caulina oblongo-lanceolata, obtusiuscula. Inflore-
scentia multiflora, corymboso-umbellata, sublaxiflora; fllores longe et tenue
pedicellati, 5—6-meri; sepala corolla 3-plo breviora, ovata, acuta, ad 2 mm
longa; petala oblongo-lanceolata, basi breviter connata, mucronata, uniner-
via, lutea, 5—7 mm longa; stamina 10—12, 5—6 sepalis opposita corolla
paulo breviora, alia petalis opposita corolla sesquibreviora, antheris ovatis,
atroviolaceis, filamentis luteis; squamae hypogynae semirotundatae trunca-
tae, minutissimae; folliculi lanceolati, polyspermi, ad 1 mm longi, rostro
filiformi praediti. V. s.

Habitat: in montibus Pamiro-Alaj.

Typus: Montes Pamiro-Alaj in jugo Vachsch, supra p. Kamoli in
rupibus calcareis, 5 VI11932, leg. Gontscharov et Grigorijev, fl., n° 547;
in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS conservatur.

Affinitas: R. kokanicae (Rgl. et Schmalh.) A. Bor. proxima est, dif-
fert floribus 5—7 mm longis, longe pedicellatis, inflorescentiis sublaxis et
multifloris, corymboso-umbellatis, petalis oblongo-lanceolatis, follis cauli-
nis obtusiusculis.

21. R. Schischkinii A. Bor. sp. nova (Sect. Campanella A. Bor.,
ser. Alpestres A. Bor.).

Perennis; radix tuberoso-incrassata; caules 1—7, ex axilliis foliorum
exteriorum rosulae abeuntes, glabri, 12—20 cm alti, foliati, erecti vel
adscendentes; folia crassa, plana; folia rosularia utrinque breviter setoso-
pubescentia, margine et praecipue apice dense albo ciliata, obovato-oblonga,
acuta, 1.5—2.5 cm longa, 0.5—1 cm lata. Rosulae foliorum 3—8 cm in
diam.; folia caulina oblonga, utrinque setoso-pubescentia, margine breviter
ciliata, acuminata, remota, 0.7—1.5 cm longa et 0.2—0.4 cm lata. Inflore-
scentia corymboso-paniculata, multiflora, bracteae lineares, parvae, acutae;
flores 5 (6—7)-meri, longe pedicellati, sepala 2.5—3-plo corolla breviora,
ovata, acutiuscula, trinervia, basi longe albo-pilosa, pilis nonnunquam
caducis; petala obtusiuscula, apiculata, oblongo-lanceolata, trinervia,

370

alba vel rosea ad carinam violacea, in sicco violacea, basi connata, primo
divergentia demum erecta, 0.8—1 cm longa; stamina 12 (14) corolla bre-
viora, filamentis albis, basi dilatatis, antheris atroviolaceis, ovatis;
squamae hypogynae parvae, semiorbiculares; folliculi dorso pubescentes,
ventre convexi, rostro subulato extrorsum patente praediti ad 1 mm longo,
corolla subaequilongi; semina ad 1 mm longa, oblonga. (Tab. VII f. 4a—
b). V. v.

Habitat: in decliviis herbosis stepposis, alt. ca. 2000 m.

Typus: Asia Media, montes Tian-Schan, Sarydzhas. In decliviis
herbosis, 9 VIII 1935, leg. B. Schischkin, fl. et fr.; in Herb. Inst.Bot. Acad.
Sc. URSS conservatur.

Area geographica: montes Tian-Schan.

Affinitas: R. umbilicoidi (Rgl.) A. Bor. proxima est, differt caulibus
majoribus (12—20 cm), foliis rosulae ovato-oblongis, margine et faciebus
breviter setoso-pubescentibus, calyce et folliculis basi albo-pilosis, floribus
praecipue 5 (rare 6—7)-meris.

22. R. tadzhikistana A. Bor. sp. nova (Sect. Campanella A. Bor.,
ser. Alpestres A. Bor.).

Perennis; radices paucae in parte superiore tuberoso-incrassatae; cau-
les 3—6 (8) ex axillis foliorum rosulae abeuntes, erecti vel adscendentes
foliosi, glabri; rosula foliorum (2.5) 3—5 cm in diam.; folia carnosa, plana,
glabra, margine solum longe albo setaceo-ciliata; rosularia ovata ad oblonga,
apiculata, caulina sessilia, oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, integerrima, remota.
Inflorescentia simplex, umbellato-corymbosa, (2) 5—10-flora (nonnunquam
multiflora), ramis plurimum 3; bracteae lineares; flores 6—7-meri, pedicellis
aequilongi vel longiores; sepala ovata, acuta, glabra, corolla 3—4-plo bre-
viora; petala basi connata, lanceolata, obtusiuscula vel acutiuscula, triner-
via, luteo-rubra vel, saepe in medio lilacina, marginibus luteis, 5—7 (8) mm
longa, stamina 12—14 corolla sesquibreviora, filamentis luteis, antheris rotun-
dis, luteis, demum fuscescentibus; squamae hypogynae minutae, semiorbicu-
lares, integerrimae. Folliculi polyspermi, lanceolati, rostro recto subulato,
ca. 1 mm longo, praediti; semina parva, lutea, oblongo-ovata, ca. 1 mm
longa. V. s.

Habitat: in decliviis lapidosis, in rupibus in pratis alpinis in regi-
one alto-montana.

Typus: Pamiro-Alaj orientalis (l'adzhikistan), montes Daschty-Usbe-
kon ad flumen Chingou, in rupibi.s 22 VIII11932, leg. N. Gontscharov,
G. Grigorjev et V. Nikitin, fl., n° 268; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS
conservatur.

Area geographica: Pamiro-Alaj orientalis: Schugnan, Pamir,
Darwaz, Roschan, Tadzhikistan orientalis (fl. Chingou).

371

Affinitas: R. umbilicoidi (Rgl.) A. Bor. proxima est, differt corolla —
luteo-violacea (in sicco violacea), filamentis luteis, foliis rosulae margine
longe setaceo-ciliati.

SAXIFRAGA L.

23. S. astilbeo‘des A. Los .sp. nova (Sect. Boraphylla Engl., ser. Dahu-
ricae Engl. et Irmsch.).

Herba perennis; caulis strictus, costatus, interdum compressus, ramo-
sus, minute glandulosus, ad 25 cm alt.; folia laete viridia, subtus rubra,
cuneato-reniformia, in dimidio superiore dentata dentibus magnis ovatis
acuminatis, glabra vel margine pilis sparsis praedita, ad 2.5 cm lg.,
3 cm lat.; petioli sulcati, supra canaliculati, minute glandulosi, ad 8 cm lg.,
basi stipulis auriculiformibus acutis praediti. Inflorescentia paniculata, dif-
fusa, ramis inferis in dimidio caulis sitis paullo arcuato curvatis, basi
folium unicum vel in speciminibus humilibus bracteam anguste lanceolatam
gerentibus, rami inflorescentiae iterum et iterum (interdum dichotomice)
ramosi, ramulis rectis terminati, flores 4—8 gerentibus; pedicelli tenues,
aequilongi (5 mm lg.) glandulosi, paullo curvati, bracteolis parvis praediti;
flores 0.5—0.6 cm in diam.; calyx glaber rubescens, ad medium 3-sectus
lobis triangularibus; petalla alba, ovata, ad 2.5 mm lg., in unguem longum
attenuata; stamina petala aequantia, filamentis tenuibus, antheris atroviola-
ceis; ovarium late ovatum stylo curvato.

Habitat: in declivibus lapidosis et schistosis reg. Ussuriensis.

Typus: Sichote-Alin, in valle fl. Botscha, ad fl. Levaja Botscha
super., in declivibus schistosis collium, 1800 m, 18VIJI 1924, leg.
I. K. Schischkin sub n° 582; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS

conservatur.

24. S. Komarovii A. Los. sp. nova (Sect. Hirculus (Haw.) Tausch,
ser. Flagellares Engl. et Irmsch.).— S. flagellaris auct. Fl. As. Med., non
Willd.; B. Fedtsch. Rastit. Turkest. (1915) 480.—Exs.: HFR n° 69 (sub
S. flagellari Willd.).

Planta perennis, caespites laxos inferne caulibus vetustis foliis
emortuis tectis formans; caules 4—7 cm alt., antocyano intense pigmen-
tati, haud dense glandulosi, foliati, basi surculis tenuibus supraterraneis,
gemmas radicantes gerentibus praediti; folia carnosa rubescentia, paullo
concava, ovato-lanceolata, obtuse acutata, basin versus paullo angustata,
radicalia in rosulam densam disposita, ad 1 cm lg., 4 mm It., caulina
versus apicem caulis decrescentia, angustiora, floralia fere linearia
omnia margine et utrinque glandulosa. Inflorescentia corymbosa (1—2)
3—8-flora (plerumque 6-flora); flores erecti, campanulati, 8—9 mm in diam.
pedicellis fere dimidium caulis aequantibus glandulotis; petala obovata,
flavescenti-rosea, basin’ versus angustata, apice rotundata, 6—8 mm lg.,

3—4 mm lt., trinervia, calyx usque ad basin fissus, late cylindricus, basi
rotundato-truncatus, sepalis erectis inferne concavis obtusis, 2—4 mm lg.,
1—1.5 mm Ilt., pigmentatis, incisura obtusa separatis; pistillum ovario
oblongo, stigmate subsessili.

Habitat: in alpinis montium pamiroalaicarum, in declivibus, in more-
nis etc., solo argilloso et schistoso.

Typus: Seravschan, Sabak 27 VJI1893, leg. V. L. Komarov; in
Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS conservatur.

25. S. verticillata A. Los. sp. nova (Sect. Dactyloides Tausch, ser.
Exarato-Moschatae Engl. et Irmsch.).— S. exarata var. intricata Somm.
et Lev. in A.H.P. XVI (1900) 173, non Lap. —.S. exarata var. Kuznetzovi
Engl. et Irmsch. Monogr. p. 412, f. 947.

Perennis; caespites laxi; caules numerosi, in inflorescentia valde
ramosi 5—15 cm alt., valde glandulosi; folia verticillata, laxe disposita,
remota, reflexa, spathulata, 1.5 cm lg. breve petiolata, 3—5-partita, lobis
brevibus, obtusis, apice dilatatis viridia, infra nervis numerosis valde pro-
minentibus parallelis usque ad basin percursa, lobis plerumque 2-nervis;
folia caulina minora, trilobata. Inflorescentia laxe corymboso-paniculata;
pedicelli valde glandulosi, inaequilongi, tenues, flores 0.6—0.8 cm in diam.,
calyx basi rotundatus, fructifer usque ad medium fissus, lobis oblongis paullo
acutatis, corolla fero duplo brevior, valde glandulosus; petala alba ovalia
3—4 mm lg., 3-nervia; stamina petalis breviora, antheris sphaericis albidis;
pistillum stylo brevi curvato; capsula rotundato-ovata.

Habitat: in silvis montanis Caucasi.

Typus: prope traject. Klukhor, in schistosis 2400—2500 m 17 VI
1907, leg. E. A. Endaurova; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS con-
servatur.

Affinitas: proxima S. exaratae Vill. verticillis foliorum remotis et
inflorescentia ramosa differt.

26. S. anadyrensis A. Los. sp. nova (Sect. Trachyphyllum Gaud.).

Perennis; laxe vel dense caespitosa, stolonibus elongatis foliis erectis
tectis; caules floriferi rubescentes, glandulosi, sparse foliati, 8—12 cm
lg.; folia laete viridia, apice atroviolacea vel rubescentia, vetusta vio-
lacea et brunnea, acute-carinata, supra concavo-canaliculata, valde acutata
acuminibus albis, margine breviter glandulosa, 6—8 mm lg., 0.8—1 mm It.;
folia caulina linearia, paullo breviora, pauca. Inflorescentia corymboso-
paniculata, pedicelli glandulosi, 3—10 mm lg., bracteae obtusiusculae, line-
ares; calyx fere ad basin fissus, eius laciniae anguste-triangulares, obtu-
siusculae, rubescentes, margine minute glandulosae; petala elongato-ovata,
basi angustata, flavescentia inferne obscure punctata, ad 5 mm lg., 1 mm Te
sepalis 4-plo longiora; stamina petalis breviora, filamentis basi dilatatis;

373

pistillum staminibus brevius, ovario ovato, stylis erectis brevibus et sat
crassis; capsula ovata stylis recurvatis.

Habitat: in declivibus lapidosis Sibiriae arcticae.

Ty pus: regio Anadyrensis, ad fl. Anadyr ,,Medveshia Gora“, in cacu-
mine schistoso collis. 7 VII 1932. Leg. L. Tjulina; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad.
Sc. URSS conservatur.

27. S. firma Litw. sp. nova in schedis (Sect. Trachyphyllum Gaud.).—
S. bronchialis Kom. Fl. Kamtsch. II (1929) 217, p. p.— S. bronchialis subsp.
spinusola (Adans) Hult. Fl. Kamtch. (1929) 14 p. p.

Perennis; dense vel laxe caespitosa; stolones elongati, laxe foliati,
caules floriferi 4—10 cm lg., sparse glandulosi, sparse foliati; folia laete
viridia, interdum rubuscentia, apice concava, terminalia rosulantia, lanceo-
lata, nitida, breve acuminata, margine ciliata) 6—8 mm lg., 1 mm lt,
vetusta saepe contorta; caulina minora et angustiora. Inflorescentia corym-
bosa, flores 3—8 in numero; pedicelli glandulosi, 0.4—0.8 mm _ lg., bracteis
parvis; calyx glaber, usque ad med.um fissus, lobis ovatis; petala ovato-
lanceolata, lutea, 3-nervia, maculis purpureis destituta, 5—6 mm lg., 1 mm
lt., sepalis 3—4-plo longiora; stamina petalis longiora; pistillum ovario
obovato stylis sat longis dein recurvatis stigmatibus ovalibus; capsula com-
presse oblongo-ovata.

Habitat: in glareosis ad ripas fluviorum,-et in rupibus Sibiriae
arcticae et Orientis Extremi.

Typus speciei: Peninsula Tschukotka; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad.
Sc. URSS conservatur.

CHRYSOSPLENIUM L.
28. Ch. Komarovii A. Los. sp. nova.

Perenne; caulis 2—5 alt., tenuis, glaber, ad finem aestivationis sur-
culos tenues, breves, curvatos haud numerosos apice rosulam radicantem
gerentes emittens; folia radicalia rosulantia, reniformia, grosse crenato-
dentata, dentibus apice gandulis parvis praeditis, subtus glabra, glauce-
scentia, supra pilis parvis setiformibus tecta, paullo carnosa, 0.5—15 mm lg.,
saepe brevia; folia caulina alternantia, 1—2 in numero, radicalibus minora,
basi cuneata, dentibus quam in radicalibus minoribus; floralia glabra,
caulinis minora, cuneiformia, trilobata. Inflorescentia 1—2-flora; flores
in pedicellis 1—1.5 mm lg. solitarii in axillis foliorum floralium dispositi,
sepalis virescentibus ovatis deltoideis disco parum prominente,opaco,
1 mm lg., stamina antheris luteis filamentis brevissimis, ovario immerso,
stylis erectis.

Habitat: inter lapides ad rivos, in silvis reg. Ussuriensis.

Typus speciei: Fl. Suputinka; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Se. URSS

conservatur.

374

SPIRAEA L.

29. S. humilis A. Pojark. sp. nova (Sect. Spiraria Sér., series Salici-
foliae A. Pojark.).

Frutex humilis, 25—50 cm altus, ramulis hornotinis ferrugineo-tomen-
tosis; folia 2.5—6.5 cm longa, 1—3.3 cm lata, elliptica vel rarius ovata,
satis lata (1.5—2.5 (3)-plo longiora quam lata), basi cuneata, vel rotun-
data, apice acuta, supra glabra, subtus ad nervos sparse sericeo-villosa,
vulgo supra medium vel solum apice remote serrata; folia inferiora non-
nunquam integra; petioli 2—4 mm longi, ferrugineo-tomentosi. Inflorescentia
terminalis, paniculata, compacta, late-ovata vel pyramidato-ovata, 2.5—
10 cm longa et 2—6.5 cm lata; rhachis, pedicelli et hypanthium dense
ferrugineo-tomentosi; pedicelli 1.5—3 mm longi, crassi; sepala triangularia,
acuta, petala rosea, filamenta corollam multo superantia; fructus ingoti.

Habitat: in laricetis paludosis Jacutiae austro-orientalis, fl. Amur
inferioris, regione ussuriensis nec non in insula Sachalin.

Typus: factoria Udinsk, ad fl. Amgunj, 28 VI1909. I. Kusnetzow
(fl.); in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS conservatur.

A specie proxima S. salicifolia L. ramulis novellis et inflorescentia
ferrugineo-tomentosis, foliis latioribus, remote grosse dentatis nec non statura
humili differt.

30. S. ussuriensis A. Pojark. sp. nova (Sect. Chamaedryon Sér., series
Chamaedryfoliae A. Pojark.).—.S. chamaedryfolia (non L.) Maxim. Prim.
fl. amur. (1859) 90. — S. ulmifolia Nakai, Fl. sylv. Korean. IV (1915) 20 (non
Scop.).

Frutex ca. 1 m altus, ramulis hornotinis tenuibus, costatis, brunneis,
nonnunquam flexuosis, gemmae compressae, acuminatae, longae, petiolis
duplo breviores, perulis 2; folia tenuia, late-ovata, acuta vel obtusiuscula,
basi rotundato-cuneata vel truncata, supra glabra, subtus ad nervum medium
pilosa et barbulis in axillis nervorum praedita, margine duplicato serrata.
Ramuli floriferi 2—5 cm longi, 3—5-foliati; flores 9—15 mm in diam., albi,
in corymbis umbellatis, 4—12-floris, glabris; pedicelli 7—15 mm longi
non raro pruinosi, sepala in fructu reflexa, petala alba, filamenta corollam
duplo superantia; folliculi erecti, apice vulgo adpresse pilosi, stylo ventrali.

Habitat: locis saxosis in silvis mixtis atque in declivibus saxosis
apricis. Montes Burejense, provincia Ussuriensi, nec non Mandshuria et
Korea septentrionali.

Typus: Regionis ussuriensis in montibus Chechtzyr, in lapidosis,
28 V 1905, N. Desoulavy n° 851 (fl.); in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS
conservatur.

Differt a S. chamaedryfolia L. et S. flexuosa Fisch. corymbis umbel-
latis paucifloris, forma foliorum, denticulatione et statura humili.

375)

31. S. elegans A. Pojark. sp. nova (Sect. Chamaedryon Sér., series
Elegantes A. Pojark.).—.S. chamaedryfolia Fr. Schmidt in Mém Acad. Se.
St. Pétersb. VII sér., XII, 2 (1868) 38 (non L.).—S. chamaedryfolia var.
ulmifolia et var. flexuosa Korsh. in A. H. P. (1892) 333 (ex parte).

Frutex, ramulis hornotinis, tenuibus, paulo costatis, non raro flexuosis,
glabris, brunneis, vel rubro-fuscis; gemmae ovatae, petiolis multo breviores,
perulis 6—8 praeditae; folia elongato-elliptica vel lanceolato-ovata, acu-
tiuscula, basi cuneata, supra glabra, subtus in axillis nervorum barbata,
11—35 mm longa, 6—15 mm lata, ramorum sterilium autem ad 55:26 mm,
margine supra basin vel ad medium inaequaliter dentata vel partim dupli-
cato dentata. Ramuli floriferi 1—5 (7) cm longi; inflorescentia corymbosa,
6—14-flora; pedicelli 7—12 mm longi, in fructu ad 16 mm, glabri, sepala
in fructu erecta, corolla alba, 10—15 mm in diam., filamentis duplo brevior;
folliculi erecti, adpresse flavescenti-pilosi (nonnunquam solum ad apicem),
stylo ventrali.

Habitat: in lapidosis, in schistosis, in declivibus saxosis in silvis
mixtis et frondosis. Dauria et in regionibus amurensi et us;uriensi.

Typus: ad fl. Amur prope pagum Pokrovka in rupibus 26 VIII1891,
S. Korshinsky (fr.); in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS conservatur.

A specie simili S. ussuriensi A. Pojark. differt: sepalis in fructu
erectis, gemmis ovatis, miltiperulatis, atque forma foliorum.

32. S. tianschanica A. Pojark. sp. nova (Sect. Chamaedryon Sér., series
Alpinae A. Pojark.).—S. eblongifolia Rgl. et Herd. in Bull. Soc. Nat.
Mosc. XXXIX, 2 (1866), 42 (non W. et K.).—S. crenifolia Rgl. in sched. —
S. alpina var. altaica Fedtsch. Consp. fl. turk. III (1909) 6 (non Maxim).

Frutex humilis, glaber; rami vetusti, 5—7 cm longi, cortice lacero,
fusco-cinereo, ramulis floriferis paucis (1—5) praediti; folia elongato-obovata,
6:2 mm—20:6 mn, rarius angustiora, 8:2—13:3 mm, apice obtusa vel
rotundata, apiculata, basi cuneata, brevissime petiolata, supra glauca sub-
tus albida, glabra vel rarius spars'ssime pilosa. Ramuli floriferi breves,
1—2.5 cm longi; inflorescentia corymbosa, densa, pedicelli 2.5—5 mm longi,
sepala in fructu erecta, corolla 5—6 mm in diam., alba, petala in alabastris
purpurascentia, filamenta corollam superantia; folliculi glabri, stylo dorsali.

Habitat: in subalpinis ad rivulos et in pratis.alpinis. Asia media
in Tian-Schan (montibus Ketmenj, Terskej-alatau, Kuelu et litore austro-
orientali lac. Issyk-kul) nec non in Kuldsha.

Typus: Karakirghisia, in jugo Terskei-alatau in regione silvatica
abietina, 2300 m s. m. 13 VII 1936, B. Ovezinnikov et M. Ussov, n° 89 (fl.);
in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS conservatur.

Species S. alpinae Pall. valde affinis a qua foliis latioribus, ramis
vetustis brevibus, ramulis floriferis paucis (nec numerosis) dignoscitur.

376

33. S. ferganensis A. Pojark. sp. nova (Sect. Chamaedryon Sér., seri: s
Crenatae A. Pojark.).— S. lasiocarpa Franch. in Ann. d. sc. nai. VI sér. XVI
(1883) 283 (non Kar. et Kir.).

Frutex, ramulis paulo costatis, glabris vel luteotomentosis, brun-
neis; folia elongato-elliptica, apice acuta, vel elongato-obovata apice
obtusa, vel rotundata, glabra vel margine ad basin sparse ciliata, integra
vel apice interdum 2—3 dentes gerentia, ramorum fertilium (10) 12—22 mm
longa, 3—7 mm lata, ramorum sterilium autem 20—37 mm longa et 5—15 mm
lata. Ramuli fructiferi pauci, ca. 4—12, 5—8 cm longi (superiores breviores
3—4 cm longi), inflorescentia corymbosa, satis densa, 6—12-flora; pedicelli
superiores 4—6 mm longi, ceteri 8—12 mm; sepala in fructu erecta,
corolla 10—12 mm in diam., alba, filamenta corollam superantia; folliculi
4—4,5 cm longi, stylo dorsali.

Habitat: in silva frondosa montium Tian-Schan: ad fl. Aflatun,
prope lac. Sary-Czelek et in jugo ferganensi.

Typus: in descensu ad trajectum Aflatun. 27 VII1912. O. Knorring,
n° 414 (fl.); in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS conservatur.

Differt a S. lasiocarpa Kar. et Kir. floribus et foliis majoribus,
pedicellis longioribus.

SIBIRAEA MAXIM.

34. S. tianschanica (Krassn.) A. Pojark. sp. nova— Spiraea laevigata
var. tianschanica Krassn. Cnucox pact. soct. Tanp-Lana (1887) 49.—
Spiraea altaiensis var. lancifolia M. Pop. in sched.

Frutex humilis ad 0.5 m altus, ramis robustis; folia anguste lanceolata,
sessilia, acuta, apiculata, basi anguste cuneata, glabra, nonunquam vik ciliata,
20—60 mm longa, 4—6 mm lata. Panicula e ramulis 4—6, crassis, 2.5—
7 cm longis, compactis, spiciformibus; rhachis, pedunculi et hypanthium
satis dense villosi, pedicelli inferiores 0.5—3 mm longi, ceteri non evoluti;
flores 6 5 mm in diam., flores Q ignoti; folliculi glabri, 3.5—4 mm longi,
1—1.5 (2) mm lati.

Habitat: in pratis subalpinis jugi Tian-Schan.

Typus: Tian-Schan, ad fl. Kokdshar, in pratis subalpinis
et in declivibus, 26 VII1912. V. Saposhnikov et B. Schischkin; in Herb.
Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS conservatur.

A S. altaiensi (Laxm.) C. K. Schn. inflorescentia villosa, folliculis
foliisque minoribus et statura humili dignoscitur.

ARUNCUS ADANS.

35. A. asiaticus A. Pojark. sp. nova. — A. silvester «. vulgaris Maxim.
in A.H.P. VI (1879) 170 (ex parte).— A. silvester Kom. Fl. Mansh. Il
(1904) 461 (non Kostel.).

377

Planta perennis, caulibus ad 1—2 m altis, glabris vel paulo pube-
scentibus; folia longe petiolata, bipinnata, foliolis vulgo 9 (83—11), laciniis
late ovatis vel lanceolato-ovatis, glabris vel supra ad nervos sparse pilosis,
basi truncatis vel rarius cordatis, apice pro more subito attenuatis, margine
duplicato vel inciso-serratis. Panicula ad 35 cm longa, racemis 6 et Q aequa-
liter densis, spiciformibus, ad 10 cm in longis; flores 5 3—4 mm in diam.,
flores 9g 2.5—3 mm in diam.; petala obovata, ca. 1.5 mm longa et 1 mm lata;
folliculi 2.5—3 mm longi et 1.5 mm lati, glabri.

Habitat: in silvis frondosis et mixtis et ad margines silvarum.
In Dahuria, Jacutia australi, in provinciis amurensi et ussuriensi nec non
in Sachalin, Mandshuria et Korea borealli.

Typus: ad summam 430 m s. m. prope sinum Olga, in saxosis
inter frutices, 9 VJI1860, Maximowicz (fl.); in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc.
URSS conservatur.

A. vulgari Raf. valde affinis, a quo racemis Q densis spiciformibus
(nec laxis) differrt.

MALUS MILL.

36. M. orientalis Uglitzkich sp. nova. — M. pumila et Pirus Malus auct-
fl. caucas. saltem. p. p.

Arbor mediocris vel sat alta ad 9—12 m. alt; rami plerumque
spinis destituti, novelli obscure brunnei, paulo tomentosi, adulti obscure
grisei lenticellis sparsis; folia 3—8 cm lg., 1.5—3.5 cm It, quoad configu-
rationem sat variabilia, ovato-lanceolata, oblonga, breve elliptica vel
subrotundata, basi plerumque cuneato-angustata, apice obtusa vel rarius
acuminata acumine parum conspicuo vel breviusculo, basi integerrima
ceterum serrata vel rarius crenato-dentata, dentibus in parte superiore
foliorum plerumque insigniter auctis acutis vel obtusiusculis, crassiuscula,
juvenilia surpa disperse pilosa, subtus dense albo-tomentosa, adulta supra
so'um ad nervos pilosa, ceterum glaberrima, nervis lateralibus valde
impressis, subtus haud dense vel plerumque sat dense canescenti-tomentosa,
nervis plerumque valde prominentibus; petioli 0.5—3 cm lg., lamina
2—4-plo breviores, crassiusculi vel sat tenues, plus minusve tomentosi.
Inflorescentia 4—6-flora, umbellata; flores circa 4 cm in diam., pedicellis
dense tomentoso-lanuginosis 8—12 mm lg., hypanthium obconicum densis-
sime tomentosum; sepala breviuscula, breve deltoidea, acuta, patentia, extus
dense tomentosa, intus glabrescentia vel parum tomentosa; petala obovata
in unguem distincte contracta; styli cum staminibus subaequilongi, basi
tomentosi ceterum glabri; stigmata clavata, angusta; fructus rotundati 2—3 cm
in diam., pedicellis brevibus 1—2.5 cm lg. Floret IV—V.

Habitat: in silvis montanis frondosis, in margine silvarum, in fru-
ticetis et ad ripas fluviorum Caucasi.

Paratypus speciei: Colchis, Guria, prope Maran. 28V 1860.
Ruprecht, n° 876; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS conservatur.

378

A M. praecoce (Pall.) Borkh. foliis basi cuneatis integerrimis apice
indistincte acuminatis subtus densius tomentosis, fructibus brevius peduncu-
latis imprimis dignoscenda.

37. M. turkmenorum Juz. et M. Pop. sp. nova. —Ie.: Bogushevsky in
Bull. Appl. Bot. VII Ser., n° 1 (1932) 13, f. 10 et 11.

Frutex 2—3 m alt. rami hornotini antocyano colorati, valde pubescen-
tes, biennes grisei, lenticellis sparsis; folia 6—8 cm lg., 3.2—3.8 cm lat.,
elliptica, basi et apice acutata, nervis conspicuis, dentibus latis acutis,
subtus valde pubescentia; petioli 2—2.5 cm lg., pubescentes. Flores par-
viusculi, 2.5—3 cm in diam.; fructus parvi, ca. 2.5 cm in diam., rotundati,
basi late sed haud profunde concavi, costati, flavi, calyce clauso sepalis
longis lanceolatis pubescentibus; pedicello longo (ad 3 cm lg.); semina
longa applanata.

Habitat: in declivibus montium et in faucibus Turcomaniae.

Typus speciei: Sjunt-dagh, paratypus e fauce Gjuen; in Instituto
Botanicae Applicatae (Leninopoli) conservatur.

Affinitas: statura humili, habitu fruticoso, floribus minoribus,
fructibus minoribus nunquam coloratis a M. Sieversii (Ldb.) M. Roem.
imprimis separanda.

38. M. sachalinensis Juz. sp. nova.— WM. baccata var. sachalinensis
Kom. in sched.

Arbor M. mandshuricae proxima, a qua discedit foliis sensim et longe
acuminatis, fere tota longitudine acutiuscule vel acute serrato-dentatis,
dentibus versus apicem increscentibus tenuiter et acute duplicato-serratis;
petioli minus dense sed conspicue pubescentes. Pedicelli glabri, hypanthium
et calyx extus glabri, rarius haud dense tomentosi, fructus rotundati vel
suboblongi. Floret VI.

Habitat: in vallibus fluviorum ins. Sachalin.

Typus speciei: Ins. Sachalin, Augustinovicz; in Herb. Inst. Bot.
Acad. Sc. URSS conservatur.

Affinitas: cum M. baccata (L.) Borkh. quoque valde comparabilis
sed petiolis pubescentibus, fructibus majoribus distincta.

SORBUS L.

39. S. Albovii Zinserl. sp. nova (Subgen. Hahnia Medik., sect. Aria
DC., ser. Subfuscae Zinserl.).

Gemmae glabrae vel paullo tomentosae; folia obovato-elliptica vel
elliptica (raro rotundato-elliptica), basi paullo angustata, rarius rotundata,
apice acutiuscula vel obtusa, vulgo acuminata, 7—10 cm lg., 4—7 cm It., nervis
lateralibus 8—11-jugis, supra glabra (vel novella ad nervos paullo pubescen-
tia), subtus viridia, parcissime pubescentia (interdum solum ad nervos medios et

379

laterales), margine dentata in parte superiore plerumque inconspicue duplicato-
dentata, dentibus fere usque ad basin laminae acutis. Pedicelli glabri vel —
paullo tomentosi. Calyx tomentosus dentibus triangulari-lanceolatis acutis.
Petala rotundato-ovata. Styli 2. Fructus rotundato-ovales, rubri, coerulescen-
tes. Fl. VII, fr. VIII.

Hab.: in parte superiore regionis silvaticae (in fagetis et betuletis)
et subalpinae Caucasi, in alt. 1800—2000 m.

Ty pus: Caucasus occidentalis, Reservatum Publicum Caucasicum, in
declivibus septentrionalibus montis Abago in betuletis ad rivum, 3 VIII 1929,
A. I. Leskov et A. P. Rusaleev; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS conser-
vatur.

Affinitas: A. S. subfusca imprimis foliis subtus pubescentibus
diversa.

40. S. subtomentosa Zinserl. sp. nova (Subgen. Hahnia Medik.,
sect. Aria DC., ser. Subfuscae Zinser].).— S. aria var. subtomentosa Albow

Prodr. fl. colch. (1895) 71.

Gemmae ad margines tomentosae, rarius glabrae; folia rotundato-elliptica,
rarius obovato-elliptica, basi rotundata vel paullo attenuata (rarius sat
attenuata), apice obtusa vel acutiuscula, vulgo acuminata, 6—13.5 cm lg.,
4.5—10.5 cm It., nervis lateralibus 8—11-jugis, supra (in sicco) parum
impressis, supra glabra (vel solum ad nervum principalem paullo pubescen-
tia), subtus parum tomentosa, canescenti-viridia; margine dentata, in parte
superiore duplicato-dentata dentibus acutis usque ad basin laminae. Pedicelli
glabri vel paullo tomentosi. Fructus rotundato-elliptici, rubescentes. Calyx
in fructibus immaturis dentibus triangulari-lanceolatis patentibus tomentosis.
Flores ignoti. Fr. VIII.

Hab.: in regione subalpina Caucasi, ad limitem superiorem silvarum,
Interdum in fagetis in alt. 1900—2200 m.

Ty pus: Jugum Kutecheku-chechudar, in margine silvae 220 m 7 VIII
1893, N. Albov n° 115; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur.

Affinitas: ab affinibus foliis subtus parum tomentosis necnon ejus
forma distinguitur.

41. §. colchica Zinserl. sp. nova (Subgen. Hahnia, sect. Aria DC.,
ser. Subfuscae Zinserl.).

Gemmae margine paullo tomentosae; folia elliptica, ovato-elliptica vel
paullo obovato-elliptica, basi rotundata vel subattenuata, apice obtusa vel
acutiuscula, plerumque acuminata, 8—5—10 cm lg., 5—7 cm lt., nervis latera-
libus 10—11-jugis, supra glabra (vel ad nervos paullo pubescentia), subtus
sordide cano-viridia, paullo tomentosa, margine in ‘/, vel */, superioribus
conspicue duplicato-dentata, inferius fere ad basin dentata; dentes | ordinis
obtusiusculis (acuminatis) margine inferiore longi superiore brevi, dentes II

380

ordinis acuti. Pedicelli glabri. Fructus rotundati, rubri, dein coerulescentes.
Fl. VII, fr. IX.

Hab.: ad limitem superiorem silvarum Transcaucasiae Occidentalis
(Circassiae, Abchaziae, Adzhariae).

Typus: Abchasia, in declivibus australibus trajecti Kluchor, 6000’
19 VII 1904. V. A. Akinfiev; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur.

Affinitas: foliorum et dentium forma, foliorum pubescentia ab
affinibus secernenda.

42. S. Buschiana Zinserl. sp. nova (Subgen. Hahnia Medik., sect.
Aria DC., ser. Subfuscae Zinser].).

Gemmae parum tomentosae, magnae, ad 1 cm lg.; folia coriacea, supra
(nervo principali excepto) glabra, subtus cano-virescenti-tomentosa, late
elliptica vel ovato-elliptica, basi rotundata, apice obtusa vel acutiuscula,
10—11 cm lg., ca. 8.5 cm It., nervis lateralibus utrinque 10—11, margine fere
usque ad basin obzolete duplicato-dentata dentibus acutis, ramorum sterilium
partim angusta, anguste elliptica vel lanceolata, acuminata, basi cuneata.
Pedicelli fere glabri; dentes calycini deltoideo-lanceolati, albo-tomentosi.
Flores et fructus maturi adhuc ignoti.

Hab.: in Transcaucasia orientali (in Ossia australi).

Ty pus: Delvars, inter pagos N. Ermani et Schavlochovo, in schistosis,
alt. 1850—2200 m legerunt E. et N. Busch; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS
conservatur.

Affinitas: ab S. subtomentosa Zinserl. foliis ramorum sterilium
caeteris subaequantibus (neque angustioribus) imprimis diversa.

43. S. schemachensis Zinserl. sp. nova (Subgen. Hahnia Medik., sect.
Aria DC., ser. Subfuscae Zinserl.).

Gemmae parum tomentosae, 0.3—0.5 cm lg.; folia coriacea, supra (nervo
principali excepto) glabra, subtus cano-tomentosa, elliptica, obovato-elliptica
vel ovato-elliptica, basi rotundata, apice obtusa, 7—8.5 cm lg., 5.5—6 cm It.,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 7—9, margine fere usque ad basin dentata (vix
conspicue duplicato-dentata), dentibus parvis acutis, ramorum sterilium partim
multo angustiora, elli_tico-lanceolata, versus basin cuneato-angustata, apice
interdum acuminata; pediceili albo-tomentosi. Flores et fructus maturi ignoti;
fructus immaturi rotundato-ovati.

Hab.: in rupibus calcareis Transcaucasiae orientalis, districtum Sche-
macha, prope pagum Miidshi, in declivibus meridionalibus in lapidosis cal-
careis, alt. ca. 1150 m. 30 VII1900 Alexeenko n°6959; in Herb. Inst. Bot.
Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur.

44. S. Woronowii Zinserl. sp. nova (Subgen. Hahnia Medik., sect.
Aria DC., ser. Lobatae Zinserl.).

Gemmae pubescentes; folia elliptica vel obovato-elliptica, versus
basin paullo angustata, apice breviter acuminata, 9—12 cm lg.,
7—8.5 cm It., 4—5-loba, lobis superne in dentes transeuntibus, supra
solum ad nervum medium pubescentia, subtus canotomentosa, nervis
lateralibus 7—9-jugis cum nervo principali angulum 45° formantibus; Jobis
oblongis acuminatis margine inferiore dentatis, superiore integerrimis vel
interdum nonnullis dentibus 1—2 parvis praeditis, lobo jugorum infimorum
1/3 dimidii laminae attingentibus; margine dentibus 30—40 acutis, apice
foliorum quam caeteri multo majoribus; pedicelli tomentosi. Calyx lobis
triangularibus acutis tomentosis, in fructu non patentibus. Styli 2; fructus
ovoidei rubri, dein coerulescentes. Flores ignoti, fr. IX.

Hab.: in rupibus calcareis Transcaucasiae occidentalis, mons Fischt.
51X 1927. G. Woronow et W. Steup. (Ty pus); in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc.
URSS conservatur.

Affinitas: aS. caucasica foliis angustioribus ellipticis vel ovato-
ellipticis distincta.

45. S. Kuznetzovii Zinserl. sp. nova (Subgen. Hahnia Medik., sect.
Aria DC., ser. Lobatae Zinserl.).

Gemmae tomentoso-pubescentes, interdum fere glabrae; folia late obo-
vato-elliptica, lanceolato-elliptica vel elliptica, basi cuneato-angustata, apice
acuminata (rarius obtusiuscula), 7—13 cm lg., 4.9—9 cm lt. nervis latera-
libus utrinque 8—10-jugis, supra (nervo principali excepto) glabra, subtus
cano-vel canoviridi-tomentosa (rarius’ albo-tomentosa); margine 1/; inferiore
excluso conspicue, rarius inconspicue duplicato dentata dentibus II ordinis
30—40 in numero; pedicelli albo-tomentosi; calyx albo-tomentosus dentibus
acute-triangularibus, post antesin + conniventibus; petala rotundata unguicu-
lata; fructus rotundato-ovati (maturi ignoti). Fl. VI—VII.

Hab.: in rupibus et in pinetis Caucasi.

Ty pus: Caucasus occidentalis, Reservatum Publicum Caucasicum in
rupibus et pratulis in declivio australi montis Zakan 1930 VII leg. A. I.
Leskov; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS asservatur.

Affinitas: ob nervos laterales numerosiores et foliorum paginam
inferiorem plerumque canam vel cano-viridem seriem Graecae cum serie
Eu-Ariae jungens.

46. S. migarica Zinserl. sp. nova (Subgen. Hahnia Medik., sect. Aria
DC., ser. Lobatae Zinserl.).

Frutex 30—50 cm alt.; gemmae parum tomentosae; cortex obscure griseus
ramorum novellorum fuscus; folia + coriacea, rotundata, apice obtusa, 4—
5 em lg., 3—5 cm It. nervibus lateralibus 8—10-jugis, supra (nervis excepto)
glabra vel paullo pubescentia (novella pubescentia), nervis conspicue
impressis, subtus dense albo-tomentosa, inter nervos multo minus pubes-
centia, margine *'/,—"/, inferiore excepto dentata (interdum vix conspicue

382

dentata), dentibus parvis acutis utrinque 20—25; petioli 0.2—0.4 cm lg.
tomentosi. Umbellae pauciflorae, pedicelli albo-tomentosi, calyx albo-tomen-
tosus dentibus triangularibus post anthesin recurvatis; fructus maturi ignoti,
fr. immat. VII.
H ab.: in declivibus calcareis Transcaucasiae occidentalis, alt. ca. 2000 m.
Typus: Megrelia, mons Migaria. 21 VII 1936 leg. P. Panjutin.
Affinitas: a proxima S. graeca habitu frutescenti foliis minoribus
nervis subtus parum pubescentibus bene conspicuis dignoscenda.

47. S. turcica Zinserl. (Subgen. Hahnia Medik., sect. Aria DC.,
ser. Xerophilae Zinserl.).

Frutex vel arbuscula; gemmae parum tomenosae; folia coriacea, rotun-
data, apice obtusata vixve acuminata, basi rotundata vel paullo angustata,
5—7 cm lg., 4—6 em It., nervis lateralibus utrinque 6—8, adulta supra glabra,
subtus dense albo-tomentosa, margine inferne ad 1/, et ultra integerrima,
superne simpliciter vel obsolete duplicato-dentata; dentes magni e basi
rotundati subito attenuati, acuti utrinque 10—15 in numero, petioli 0.5—
1.2 cm lg. tomentosi; calyx albo tomentosus dentibus triangularibus; fructus
rotundati rubri, coerulescentes.

Hab.: in silvis et in rupibus Asiae Minoris, Caucasi australis et Tau-
riae, in parte inferiore regionis silvaticae.

Typus: Asia Minor, Turcia, Morsuvani, in declivibus ad viam,
X 1913 leg. Czekalov; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Se. URSS asservatur.

Affinitas: dentibus magnis parum numerosis a S. aria Crantz
speciebusque affinibus distincta.

48. S. taurica Zinserl. (Subgen. Hahnia Medik., sect. Aria DC.,
ser. Xerophilae Zinserl.).

Frutex vel arbor; gemmae parum tomentosae; folia coriacea, obovata
vel obovato-elliptica basi conspicue cuneato-attenuata, 5—7 cm lg., 3.5—
5.5 cm It., nervis lateralibus utrinque (6) 7—8 (9) supra glabra (adulta),
novella tomentoso-pubescentia, subtus dense albo-tomentosa; margine inferne
ad 7/; et ultra integerrima, superne simpliciter vel obsolete duplicato-dentata
dentibus magnis e basi rotundato subito attenuatis acutis, utrinque 10—15;
petioli 0.5—1.5 cm lg., albo-tomentosi. Pedicelli albo-tomentosi; calyx albo
tomentosus dentibus deltoideis; fructus rotundati, rubri, coerulescentes.
Fl. V—VI, fr. IX.

Hab.: in rupibus, in quercetis et juniperetis Tauriae et Transcaucasiae
occidentalis (prope Novorossijsk).

Typus: Tauria meridionalis, in rupestribus ad montem Krestovaja
prope Alupka 24 V et 24V11900 D. Syrejsczikow (Herb. Fl. Ross. n° 969);
in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. URSS conservatur.

Affinitas: proxima S. meridionali (Guss.) Nym. a qua distinguitur
foliis basi minus angustatis atque dentibus minus acutatis.

383

49. S. obtusidentata Zinserl. sp. nova (Subgen. Hahnia Medik., sect-
Aria DC., ser. Xerophilae Zinserl.).

Arbuscula (?) vel frutex (?); gemmae glabrae; cortex obscure griseus
ramorum novellorum fuscus; folia rotundato-elliptica vel obovata, apice
obtusa vixve acuminata, basi attenuata vel acutata, 6—9 cm lg., 5.5—
7 cm lt, supra (nervis exceptis) glabra (novella pubescentia), subtus
dense albo-tomentosa, nervis utrinque 6—7; margine in 1/,—'/, inferiore inte-
gerrima vel subintegerrima ceterum dentata vel duplicato-dentata (dentibus
I ordinis obtusis creniformibus) dentibus II ordinis obtusiusculis, parvis, utrin-
que 15—20; petiolus 0.3—0.5 cm lg. Pedicelli albo-tomentosi; calyx albo-
tomeniosus; fructus ignoti. VII.

Hab.: in regione alpina Trancaucasiae occidentalis (Abchasia, Meg-
relia), alt. 2250 m.

Typus: Abchasia, jugum Irtzyk (Ertzog) prope Czkhalta-dzyskh, reg. al-
pina. 5—18 VII1902 leg. G. Woronow; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS
conservatur.

Affinitas: ab affinibus et imprimis a S. ¢turcica Zinserl. dentibus
obtusioribus (foliis interdum subcrenatis) distincta.

50. S. {dualis Zinserl. sp. nova (Subgen. Hahnia, sect. Aria DC.X

subgen. Eusorbus Kom.).

Gemmae parum tomentosae (interdum solum ad margines squamarum);
folia ovata vel oblongo-ovata, apice obtusa vel acuminata, 5—10 cm lg.,
4.5—7.5 cm lt., inferne pinnatisecta segmentis 1—3-1ugis, superne pin-
natifida nervis lateralibus 8—11-jugis supra nervo mediano excepto cano-
viridia (adulta), subtus cano-tomentosa, segmentis et lobis margine utrinque
dentatis, dentibus foliorum numerosis (utrinque 40—50 et ultra) acutis e
basi rotundata in acumen vulgo curvatum subito exeuntibus, numerosis,
petiolis 1—2 cm lg., tomentosis. Pedicelli tomentosi, fructibus maturis glabris;
calyx dentibus acute-deltoideis plerumque tomentosis persistentibus, fructus
rotundati, rubri dein coerulescentes. Flores ignoti, fructus maturi IX.

Hab.: in silvis (quercetis Qu. macrantherae etc.) Transcaucasiae
orientalis et australis usque ad alt. 1500 m.

Ty pus: Karabach, in faucibus Miakjan (fl. Ochezczai super.) 30 VII 1895
A. Lomakin; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur.

Affinitas: species certissime hybridogens verisimiliter a S. armee
niaca Hedl. et S. aucuparia L. orta.

CRATAEGUS L.

51. C. pseudomelanocarpa M. Pop. (Sect. Pentagynae Zab.); Lin-
ezevsky, Rastit.resursy Turkm.I (1935) 59 (nom. nud..—C. melanocarpe
(non M. B.) M. Pop. in Bull. Apll. Bot. ete. XXII, 3 (1929) 436.

Arborescens, ramulis novellis dense subtomentoso-pubescentibus; cortex
ramorum vetustorum laete-cinereus; spinae aphyllae 5—20 mm longae; folia
laete-viridia, 14—35 mm longa et 8—35 mm lata, utrinque glabrata, vel
subtus tomentella, surpa atroviridia, glabra, 5—7-partita, lobo medio non-
nunquam inciso, partitionibus margine ad medium inaequaliter dentatis;
petiolus lamina subduplo brevior. Inflorescentia composito-corymbosa, mul-
tiflora ad 6 mm diam., rhachis plus minusve pubescens, pedunculi et
hypanthium vulgo glabri, sepala ovata, apice obtusa, mucronulata, in
fructu erecta. Stamina 20, styli 5 (4). Fructus nigri, subglobosi, ca. 1 cm
longi, epruinosi (semper?), pyrenae 5 (4), dorso leviter sulcatae, ventre
carinatae, lateribus planae, leves.

Hab.: Kopet-dagh, Elburs et Chorossan.

Typus: Kopet-dagh, in angustiis Joldere, 8 V 1912 Lipsky, n° 2958;
in Herb. Inst. Pot. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur.

Affinitas: a C. pentagyna differt foliorum forma, fructibus mino-
ribus epruinosis et spinis longioribus.

(Descripsit A. Pojarkova).

52. C. Szovitsii A. Pojark. sp. nova (Sect. Azaroli Loud.).—S. orien-
talis 8. connecta Diapulis in Fedde, Repert. sp. nov. XXXIV (1933) 56
(ex parte).

Arbor vel frutex, ramis rigidis, approximatis, saepe in spinas foliatas
robustas mutatis, hornotinis densissime albo-tomentosis; spinis aphyllis
nullis, Folia coriacea, firma, glauca, utrinque dense adpresse pilosa, petio-
lis brevibus, lamina 6—8-plo brevioribus; ramorum fertilium folia inferiora
late obovato-cuneata, apice grosse dentata vel trilobata, superiora ambitu
late obovato-rhomboidea, ca. 3—4.5 cm longa et lata, quinque-partita,
lobo medio non raro basi contracto, acuto vel obtuso, lateralibus margini-
bus parallelibus, acutis, apice pauce grosse dentatis vel subintegris, latis
(longitudine latitudinem 1.5—2.5(3)-plo superante); incisurae angustae,
acutisve non raro rimulosae; folia ramorum sterilium majora, profunde
5—9-partita nonnunquam subdissecta, lobis angustioribus, inciso-dentatis.
Inflorescentia densa, e ramulis 3—5 brevibus, ad 12-flora, albo-tomentosa,
pedunculis brevibus 1.5—5 mm longis; sepala post anthesin erecta, in fru-
ctu erecto-patentia, late triangularia, mucronata; corolla ca. 18 mm lata,
petalis rotundatis, stamina 20, styli 3—4. Fructus 12—15 mm in diam., glo-
bosi, in sicco rubri, disperse pilosi (2)3—4-pyreni; pyrenis ventre cari-
natis, lateribus planis, levibus, dorso 2-sulcatis, hypostylio triangulari,
1/° ventris longitudinem occupante.

Hab.: in declivibus saxosis, in dumetis Transcaucasiae australis
(Schuscha, Dzhebrail, Gadrud) et Asiae minoris (Charput, Tokat).

Typus: Karabagh orientalis, in collibus prope Schuscha, Hohenacker
n° 3423, fl.; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur.

Affinitas: a C. orientali Pall. differt: stylis 3—4, nec 5 (4), sepalis
late-triangularibus, mucronatis in fructu erecto-patentibus (nec lanceolato-
triangularisus, longe acuminatis in fructu revolutis), foliis latioribus, parti-
tionibus latioribus, 1.5—-2.5—(3):1, (mec (2.5) —3—4:1) et ut jvidetur

fructibus rubris, nec lateritiis.

53. C. Meyeri A. Pojark. sp. nova (Sect. Oxyacantha Zab., ser.
Erianthae A. Pojark.).—C. pectinata Hohenacker (ex parte), Enum. pl.
Talysh (1836) 130 (mon Bosc); Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 1 (1844—1846) 191 (ex
parte); Boiss. ,Fl. or. II (1872) 663 (ex parte); Grossheim, Fl. cauc. IV
(1934) 291.—C. azarolus (non L.) Hohenacker |. c.—C. oxyacantha var.
pectinata Schmalh., Ma. Cp. u TOan. Poce. ] (1895) 350 (ex parte). —
C. Tournefortii C. Koch, Crat. et Mesp. (1854) 47 (non Griseb.).— C. ambi-
gua var. Hohenackeri C. K. Schneid., Illustr. Handb. d. Laubh. | (1896) 785
(ex parte).

Frutex 1.5—3(4) m. altus, raro arbuscula, ramis in juvenitate
villoso-tomentosis in spinas foliatas partim mutatis; spinae aphyllae breves,
5—10 (1.5) mm longae. Folia supra atroviridia, subtus pallidiora, utrinque,
subtus densius, pilosa; ramorum fertilium folia inferiora ambitu obovata,
ovato-rhomboidea vel oblongo-rhomboidea, basi late cuneata vel subtrun-
cata profunde (ad ?/,—*/;) quinque-vel septem-partita, partitionibus vulgo
angustis, apice acutis pauce serratis, rarius integris, incisurae angustae non
raro rimulosae, inferiores in folii triente inferiore dispositae; folia ramorum
sterilium profunde 5—7-partita, partitionibus latioribus saepe obtusiusculis,
inferioribus pro more horizontaliter patentibus. Corymbus 3—5 cm in diam.
9—15-florus, cinerascenti-villoso-tomentosus, pedicelli 3—10 mm _ longi,
(florum inferiorum nonnunquam ad 20 mm), corolla 15—17 mm in diam.,
sepala oblongo vel lanceolato triangularia hypanthio subaequalia, stamina 20,
styli 2 (rarissime 1); fructus sanguineus, 12—16 mm longus ovato-globosus,
vel basin versus contractus, obtuse quinqueangulatus, succulentus, dipyrenu .
Pyrenae planae ventre sulcis 2 obliquis praeditae, dorso convexae,
obtuse carinatae, hypostylio angusto ?/, ventris partem occupante.

Hab.: in declivibus saxosis inter frutices in altitudine 1100—2000 m.s. m.
Transcaucasiae australis (Armenia, respubl. Nachiczevan) et orientalis
(Talysch), Iraniae borealis et Asiae minoris incola.

T ypus: Armenia, in vicinitate urbis Erevan, in faucibus fl. Gjarni-
czai prope monasterium Gehart, 11X1936. A. Pojarkova, n° 792, fr.;
In Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur.

54. C. eriantha A. Pojark. sp. nova (Sect. Oxyacantha Zab., ser.
Erianthae A. Pojark.).— C. pectinata Hohenacker, Enun. pl. Talysch (1836)
330 (non Bosc) (ex parte); Ldb., Fl. Ross. II (1844—1846) 91 (ex parte). —
C. melanocarpa 8. heterophylla Boiss., Fl. or. II (1872) 662 (ex parte). —
C. ambigua var. Hohenackeri C. K. Schn., Illustr. Handb. d. Laubh. I
(1906) 785 (ex parte).

386

Frutex, ramis novellis villoso-tomentosis, hornotinis atrofuscis, in spi-
nas foliatas parce mutatis, spinis aphyllis tenuibus, ca. 1 cm lonyis. Folia
supra atroviridia, pilis sparsis obtecta, adulta nonnunquam fere glabra,
subtus pa!lidiora nunc sparse nunc densius pubescentia, ramulorum fertilium
inferiora obovata vel oblongo-obovata, apice inaequaliter serrata vel inte:ra,
superiora pro more obovata ad medium in lobos 5—7 dissecta; lobi trian-
gulari-ovati, subacuti, apice paucidentati, superiores non raro_ integri;
incisurae latae, triangulares, acutae, inferiores in medio laminae dispositae;
folia ramorum sterilium profundius partita, basi vulgo. late cuneata vel
truncata, lobis dentibus numerosioribus et incisuris angustioribus; petioli
lamina 2—3 plo breviores, villosi. Corymbus ad 6 cm dian., laxus; hypan-
thium cinerascenti-villoso-tomentosum, pedicelli 7—22 mm _ longi; flores 18—
22 mm in diam., sepalis oblongo-triangularibus vel lanceolato-tri:nzularibus,
longe attenuatis, hypanthium vulgo dimidio vel paulo longioribus; stamina 20,
styli 2, rarissime 1; fructus maturi ignoti.

Hab.: in rupestribus inter frutices Transcaucasiae orizntalis (Azer-
bajdshan) prope Kirovabad (Gandzha) et in steppa Schirvan.

Typus: in declivibus prope fluvium Gandzcha, districtus Airum.
5V 1844. Kolenati, n° 1399, fl.; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS con-

servatur.

55. C. taurica A. Pojark. sp. nova (Sect. Oxyacantha Zab., ser.
Erianthae A. Pojark.).

Frutex vel arbuscula; rami juveniles villosi; spinae foliatae saepe evolu-
tae, aphyllae—breves ca. 1 cm longae. Folia supra atroviridia, adpresse
sparse pilosa vel glabrata, subtus pallidiora densius et molliter pubescentia,
ramorum fertilium folia inferiora ovato-cuneata apice grosse dentata vel sub-
triloba, superiora ambitu late-ovata vel rotundata vel ovato-rhomboidea,
basi cuneata vel late cuneata, tri-vel quinque-partita, lobis superioribus
quam inferiores minus evolutis; praecipue late ovatis, rarius oblongo-ovatis,
apice extus dentes 1—3 gerentibus, lobis inferioribus nonnunquam mar zine
exteriore superne ad medium serratis et margine interiore apice denti-
bus paucis praeditis; incisurae inferiores in medio, rarius in triente inferiore
laminae dispositae et laminam ad (?/,) ?/,—*/, dissecantes; folia ramorum
sterlilium profundius 5—7-partita, basi truncata; petioli 1.5—2-plo lamina
breviores. Corymbus 12—20-florus ad 7 cm diam., e ramulis 5—7, dense
villosis; pedunculi et hypanthium villosi vel saepius albo-cinerascente vil-
loso-tomentosi; sepala receptaculum vulgo non excedentia, triangularia, acuta,
corolla ca. 15 mm in diam., stamina 17—20, styli 2, rarissime 1 vel 3. Fructus
maturi ignoti.

Hab.: in fruticetis in declivibus lapidosis Tauriae.

Ty pus: peninsula Kercz, in declivibus supra lac. Tabeczik, 97 V1925.
E. Wulff et S. Dzevanovsky, fl.; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS conser-

vatur.

387

56. C. ucrainica A. Pojark. sp. nova (Sect. Oxyacantha Zab., ser.
Erianthae A. Pojark.).— C. oxyacantha var. dipyrena Trautv. in sched.

Rami juniores villosi, demum subglabri vel glabri, nonnunquam in spi-
nas foliatas partim mutatis; spinae aphyllae rarae, tenues, 12—20 mm longae.
Folia supra atroviridia glabrata vel sparse adpresse pilosa, subtus pallidiora
etiam vulgo non dense lanuginoso-pilosa; ramorum fertilium folia inferiora
cuneiformia vel obovata apice grosse inciso-dentata vel subtrilobata, supe-
riora ambitu obovata vel late rhomboidea vel rotundata in lobis 5—7 ad
1/,—1/, laminae partem dissecta, lobis latis, obovato-triangularibus margine
exteriore ad medium nonnunquam fere ad basin inaequaliter serratis; incisu-
rae latae, acutae, inferiores in medio laminae, rarius in folii triente inferiore
dispositae. Corymbus laxus ad 9 cm in diam., e ramulis 5—7, 10—20-florus,
plerumque minus villosus quam in specie praecedente; pedicelli 5—20 mm
longi, corolla 15 mm in diam., sepala lanceolato-triangularia, longe attenuata,
ovarii medium attingentia vel subaequalia, styli 2, rarissime 1 vel 3, stamina 20;
fructus sunguineus, rotundato-obovatus vel basin versus contractus et obtuse
quinque-angulatus, 10—14 mm longus,

Hab.: in fruticetis et ad margines silvarum frondosarum in declivita-
tibus ripariis Ucrainiae et Podoliae.

Typus: Ucraina (prov. Poltava) prope oppidum Lubny, inter fruti-
ces, 24 V 1844, A. Rogovicz, fl.; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur.

57. ©. sphaenophylla A. Pojark. sp. nova (Sect. Oxyacantha Zab.
ser. Sphaenophyllae A. Pojark. nov.).

Ramuli novelli villosi, hornotini glabri rubiginosi, pruinosi, rami vetusti
fusco-grisei vel fusci, maculis griseis epidermidis ramentaceae; spinis desti-
tutae. Folia utrinque opaca, pubescentia, subtus densius, petiolis villosis
lamina 2—2.5-plo brevioribus, ambitu elongato obovato-cuneiformia, basi
decurrentia; ramorum fertilium folia inferiora apice truncata, grosse dentata
vel trifida, superiora ad 5 cm longa et 3 cm lata, in parte superiori trilobata,
lobo medio vulgo latiore inciso-serrato, lateralibus acutis, extus nonnunquam
solum apice, inaequaliter serratis vel inciso-serratis. Inflorescentia densa ad 20-
flora, e ramulis 5—7, cum pedunculis, receptaculo et sepalis dense villoso-
tomentosa, corolla 15 cm in diam., stamina 20, stylis stygmate magno; fructus
10—1- mm longi, 9—12 mm lati, rubri, pruin_si, monopyreni; pyrenae late-
ribus compressae sulco unico indistincto praeditae, dorso obtuse carinatae,
hypostylio brevi, late triangulari.

Hab.: inter frutices in declivibus montium Tauriae.

Typus: Tauria orientalis, Kara-dagh, 6 X 1928 A. Kryshtofovich, fr.;
n Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur.

58. C. volgensis A. Pojark. sp. nova (Sect. Oxyacantha Zab., sere

Ambiguae A. Pojark.).—C. monogyna var. laciniata Korsh. Tentam.
fl. Ross. orient. (1898) 148.

388

Frutex ramulis tenuibus, juvenilibus sparse villosis, hornotinis brunnes-
centibus, vulgo spinis aphyllis brevibus 8—15 mm longis ornatis; spinae
foliatae desunt. Folia tenuia, papyracea, supra pilis adpressis brevibus,
ad nervos autem densioribus obtecta, subtus solum in axillis nervorum bar-
bata, margine, plerumque basi et in incisuris villosa; ramorum fertilium folia
inferiora obovato-cuneata, trilobata, superiora—ad 6 cm longa et 5 cm
data, ambitu ovata, apice acuta, basi truncata vel late-cuneata, 7—9-partita,
partitionibus acutis vel acuminatis, margine exteriore ad medium vel fere ad
basin inaequaliter adpresse-serratis, superioribus latis, ovatis, ca. 1:1, inferi-
oribus angustioribus, ca.2:1; incisurae angustae, inferiores nonnunquam
rimulosae, in laminae quarto inferiore dispositae et eam ad °/, vel profundius
dissecant; petioli pilosi, lamina 2—2.5-plo breviores; folia ramorum sterilium
profunde 7—9-partita, lobis margine exteriore atque interiore serratis. Inflores-
centia foliis multo breviora, ad 4 cm longa, e ramulis 3—5, pauciflora,
axibus, pedicellisque glabris, hypanthio vil osiusculo; sepala triangularia,
cuspidata, margine et apice villosa; corolla 15 mm in diam., stamina 18—20,
styli 2, rarius 1, stigma parvum. Fructus juveniles pauce villosi, adulti atro-
rubri, rotundati di-vel monopyreni. Pyrenae ambitu rotundatae, ventre planae,
subleves, dorso convexae, obscure carinatae, hypostylio triangulari 2/,—%/,
ventris partem occupante.

Hab.: in declivibus inter frutices et in silvis frondosis in ditione fluv.
Volga inter montes Sheguli et urb. Saratov.

Typus: distr. Saratov, prope pag. Polivanovka, in silva frondosa,
1V11927. B. Fedtschenko et E. Bobrov, n° 2, fl.; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc.
URSS conservatur.

59. C. transcaspica A. Pojark. sp. nova (Sect. Oxyacantha Zab.,} ser.
Ambiguae A. Pojark.).

Ramuli novelli glabri, cortex ramorum fuscus, maculis griseis epidermidis
ramentaceae obtectus. Folia laete viridia, supra juvenilia pilis adpressis
Sparsis, subtus vix pallidiora solum in axillis nervorum barbata, margine
Sparse ciliata; ramulorum fertilium folia inferiora brevipetiolata, obovata basi
anguste cuneata, apice trilobata vel inciso-dentata, superiora ad 5 cm longa
et 4cm lata, petiolis glabratis lamina 2—2.5-plo brevioribus, basi late
euneata vel subtruncata vel rotundata, profunde 5 vel 7-lobata, lobis latis
(ca. 1: 1—2) pro more obtusis, rarius acutis, margine exteriore ad medium
inaequaliter dentata, saepe duplicato dentata, dentibus latis acutis; incusurae
latae, superiores laminam ad 1/,—1/, dissecant, inferiores— ad */,—*/, et in folii
triente inferiore dispositae. Inflorescentia foliis multo breviora, glabra,
parva (2.5—4 cm longa et ad 6 cm in diam.), sed densa, ad 20-flora, e ramulis
2—6 brevibus, ca. 1—2.5 cm longis; pedicelli 3—10 mm longi, sepala ovato-
triangularia, apice brevi-apiculata margineque villosa, ovarii dimidium attin-
gentia, corolla ca.15 mm in diam., stamina 20, styli 2, raro 1 vel 3. Fructus ignotuse

Hab.: regio Transcaspica in peninsula Mangyschlak.

389

Typus: Bomipsis Mangyschlak, in fundo fossae Chanka-baba, 28 VI
1906, V. Dubjansky, n° 41, fl.; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur.

Affinitas: a C. ambigua C. A. M. differt: “ceryiibe foliis multo
breviore, lobis foliorum latis, paulo evolutis.

60. C. atrosanguinea A. Pojark. sp. nova (Sect. Oxyacantha Zab.,
ser. Ambiguae A. Pojark.).

Arbor ad 10—12 m alta, cortex cinereus, ramis glabris hornotinis
atropurpureis inermibus vel nonnunquam spinis paucis ca. 1.5 cm longis
ornatis. Folia glaucescentia, opaca, in juvenitate supra ad nervos sparse
pilosa, subtus in axillis nervorum barbata, adulta glabra, solum marginibus
ciliata; ramorum fertilium folia inferiora cuneiformia, basi decurrentia, breve
petiolata, apice truncata inciso-dentata vel trilobata, superiora ad 6.5 cm
longa et lata, late ovata, basi late cuneata vel subtruncata; vulgo profunde
7-lobata, lobo medio nonnunquam trifido, raro 5-lobata, lobis acutis, infe-
rioribus elongatis, ca. 2.5:1, subhorizontaliter patentibus, apice vel ad
medium inaequaliter grosse dentatis, lobis superioribus latioribus, ovatis,
ca. 1:1, integerrimis vel apice 1—3 dentibus, vulgo paulo evolutis, orna-
tis; folia ramorum sterilium majora, lobis inferioribus incisis horizontalibus.
Inflorescentia e ramulis 4—6, folia non superantia, ad 4 cm longa et
ad 8 cm lata, glabra, pedicelli 7—13 mm longi, flores ad 2 cm in diam;
sepala ovata, brevi-mucronulata margine et apice villosa, stamina 20, styli 2
Fructus atrosanguinei, albo-punctati, carne lutescentes, succulenti, globosi,
13—18 (20) mm longi, dipyreni; pyrenae latae, ventre planae, fere glabrae
vel 2 sulcis indistinctis praeditae, dorso convexae, obtuse carinatae, hypo-
stylio angusto, ca. }/, ventris partem occupante.

Hab.: in declivibus saxosis angustiarum Armeniae (prope Erevan),
Kurdistaniae et Iraniae (prov. Chorossan et montes Bakhiary).

Typus: Nork, prope Erivan, 14X1937. A. Pojarkova n° 380 fr.;
in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur.

Affinitas: foliorum forma C. ambiguae C. A. M. similis, a quo
statura (arbor alta!), foliis majoribus 7—9-lobatis, fructibus majoribus,
semper dipyrenis et ramis fere semper inermibus dignoscitur.

61. C. turkestanica A. Pojark. sp. nova (Sect. Oxyacantha Zab.,
ser. Kyrtostylae A. Pojark.).—C. monogyna Fedtsch., Consp. fl. turk. Ill
(1909) 41 (non Jacq.) (ex parte). —C. monogyna var. lanigera M. Pop.
n Bull. Appl. Bot., Gen. a. Flant-breed. XXII (1929) 438.

Arbuscula, cortex fusco-cinereus, ramuli tenues, in juvenitate glabri
vel sparse villosi, spinae foliatae nullae, aphyllae tenues, 12—15 mm longae
paucae, saepe nullae; petioli pilosi, laminae subaequilongi; folia laete viri-
dia, supra adpresse pilosa, subtus vix pallidiora, ad nervos pilosa et bar-
bata, ramorum fertilium folia 10—30 mm longa et 7—30 mm lata, inferiora
elongato-cuneiformia, apice dentata, cetera ambitu late-ovata vel rotundata,
quinque-partita vel tripartita; lobis acutis extus ad medium vel fere a basin

390

inaequaliter serratis, incisurae inferiores in triente vel in quadrante inferiore,
laminae dispositae et eam ad ?/,—*/, dissecant; folia ramorum sterilium
majora, 5—7-partita, lobis inferioribus latioribus, incisis, basi truncata.
Inflorescentia folium superans, 12—15-flora, e ramulis 4—5 composita,
ramulis, pedunculis et hypanthio vulgo villosis; flores 16—18 mm in diam.,
sepalis anguste lanceolatis, longe acuminatis, hypanthio subaequalibus;
stamina 18—20, stylus 1, rectus vel curvatus. Fructus ellipsoidei, 11—13 mm
longi, 9—11 mm lati, rubri, monopyreni. Pyrenae lateribus compressae
et uno sulco plus minusve indistincto praeditae, dorso leviter 2—4-costatae,
hypostylio triangulari, 2/, ventris partem occupante.

Hab.: in declivibus saxosis inter frutices Asiae mediae; in montibus
Kopet-dagh, Pamiro-Alaj et Thian-Schan occidentali, etiam in Irania boreali
(prov. Chorossan), Afghania, nec non in Himalaya boreo-occidentali.

Typus: Aman-Kutan (distr. Samarkand) 191V1915. O. et B. Fed-
tschenko n° 363 (fl.); in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur.

Affinitas: a C. kyrtostyla Fingerh. (C. curvisepala Lindem.),
Europae centralis et orientalis, etiam Tauriae et Caucasi incola, differt: foliis
minoribus, ramorum fertilium trilobatis (mec 5 vel 7-lobatis), eorum, lobis
forma, sepalis brevioribus et probabiliter fructus colore.

62. C. Stevenii A. Pojark. sp. nova (Sect. Oxyacantha Zab., ser.
Stevenianae A. Pojark. nov.).—C. laciniata (non Ucria) Stev. in schedis.

Frutex spinosus, ramulis in spinas foliatas numerosas mutatis et spinis
aphyllis robustis 10—20 mm longis ornatis; ramuli novelli villosi, cortex
ramorum vetustorum fusco-griseus, vel rubiginosus, maculis griseis epider-
midis ramentaceae obtectus. Folia laete viridia, subtus paulo pallidiora,
juvenilia utrinque sparse pilosa, adulta nonnunquam glabra, solum margine
basis et incisurarum ciliata; ramorum fertilium folia inferiora cuneiformia,
trilobata, cetera obovata, superiora ad 3(3.5) cm longa et lata, profunde
5-vel rarius 7-lobata, basi nonnunquam fere ad nervum dissecta, rarius
S—7 laciniata, partitionibus acutis, ad medium grosse inaequaliter pauce
dentatis, dentibus acutis, non raro incisis; folia ramorum sterilium laciniata,
laciniis 7 vel rarius 9—11, margine exteriore nonnunquam atque interiore
profunde incisis. Inflorescentia parva, 2.5—3.5 cm Jonga et lata, e ramu-
lis 3—6, sicut pedunculi villosiusculis, hypanthium et sepala extus dense
villosa; corolla ca. 17 mm in diam., stamina 20, styli 1—2, fructus late ellip-
soidei, 11—12 mm longi, 9—10 mm lati (atro?) rubri, subpruinosi.

Hab.: in declivibus saxosis, in dumetis et in silvis montanis Tauriae
et probabiliter Asiae minoris.

Ty pus: Tauria, Aluschta, in viaad montem Kastel, 9 V 1900, N. Puring,
fl.; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur.

63. C. Beckeriana A. Pojark. sp. nova (Sect. Oxyacantha Zab.,
ser. Stevenianae A. Pojark.).—C. monogyna var. nigra Pall., Fl. ross, I,
1 (1784) 26,—C. Pallasii Trautv., Incr. fl. phaner. ross., fasc. II (1883) 279

391

(non Griseb.).— C. oxyacantha §. incisa (ex parte) Rgl. in A.H. P. 1(1871—
1872) 117, et 5. laciniata (ex parte) Rgl. |. c. 119.—le.: Pall. op. cit. tab. Xl.

Frutex; ramuli novelli glabri vel pilosi, hornotini atrosanguinei vel
rubiginosi, spinis foliatis robustis et aphyllis 10—15 mm longis ornatis;
ramuli novelli glabri vel pilosi, hornotini rubiginosi vel atrosanguinei; cortex
ramorum vetustorum fusco-griseus vel brunneus, maculis griseis epidermidis
ramentaceae. Folia supra atroviridia, juvenilia sparse adpresse pilosa, adulta
glabrata vel glabra, subtus pallidiora, in axillis nervorum barbata vel sub-
glabra, margine basis et incisurarum ciliata; ramorum fertilium folia infe-
riora cuneiformia, trilobata, superiora ambitu ovata, ad 3—3.5 cm longa et
lata, profunde 5—7-partita, basi nonnunquam ad nervum medium dissecta parti-
tionibus acutis vel acuminatis, ad medium inaequaliter serratis, inferioribus
saepe incisis; folia ramorum sterilium 7—9 profunde partita, lobis nonnun-
quam latis, obtusatis; dentatis vel laciniatis, lacinis 7—9 acutis, incisis.
Inflorescentia 3—5 cm longa et lata, e ramulis 3—4, cum pedunculis non
dense pilosis vel subglabris, receptaculum et ovarium et sepala extus dense
villosa; corolla ca. 15 mm in diam., sepala ovario subaequilonga; stamina 20;
fructus late ellipsoidei, atro-purpurascentes, 8—12 mm in diam., saepius dipy-
reni, vel monopyreni; pyrenae ventre sulcis duobus praeditae, dorso obtuse
carinatae, hypostylio ventris ca. 1/,—*/, partem occupante.

Hab.: in declivibus montium et in rupestribus Rossiae austroorientalis,
Ciscaucasiae et Daghestaniae.

Typus: Sarepta, Pallas, fr.; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS conser-

‘vatur.

64. C. pseudoheterophylla A. Pojark. sp. nova. (Sect. Oxyacantha
Zab., ser. Monogynae A. Pojark. nov.).—C. heterophylla C. A. M.
ex Hohenack., Enum. pl. Talysch (1836) 130 (non Fliigge); Megseges, dep.
u Kycr. Kasx. (1919) 111; Grossheim, Fl. Cauc. IV (1934) 90.

Frutex, [1.5—2.5 m altus, ramulis novellis glabris, hornotinis atropur-
pureis, nonnunquam in spinas foliatas, tenues, parces mutatis, spinis aphyllis,
vulgo paucis brevibus, 1—1.5 cm longis. Folia supra atroviridia, nitida,
glabra, vel pilis raris tecta, subtus multo pallidiora, pruinosa, in axillis
nervorum pubescentia, margine incisurarum saepe ciliata; ramorum fertilium
folia inferiora obovata vel elongato-obovata basi anguste vel late cuneata,
apice grosse dentata, incisa, vel trilobata, superiora autem ambitu late-obo-
vata vel rotundata, basi vulgo late cuneata, profunde trilobata, lobis sub-
aequalibus, vel lobo medio latiore, apice subtrilobato, incisuris ad medium lami-
nae vel paulo supra*medium dispositis, vel rarius quinquepartita incisuris
infra medium laminae dispositis et laminam ad 2/, dissecantibus; lobi non
raro obtusati, vel acuti, ovati (ca. 1:1.5), rarius angustiores (ca. 1:2) vel
latiores (1:1), apice vel ad medium inaequaliter serrati, folia ramorum sterilium
vulgo 5—7-partita, partitionibus multiserratis, basi praecipue truncata. Inflo-
rescentia 8—15-flora, foliis breviora, e ramulis 3—5, glabris, non raro

392

pruinosis, sepala oblongo-ovato-triangularia, hypanthio subaequilonga vel
subduplo breviora, stamina 18—20; fructus ca. 1—2, rarius ad 5, late elli.
psoidei vel ovati, ca. 10 mm longi et 9 mm lati, fusco-atrorubri.

Hab.: in dumetis in declivibus saxosis Transcaucasiae (Armenia,
respubl. Nachiczevan, Karabach, distr. Kirovabad, Georgia orientalis et
Daghestan), Turciae et Iraniae.

Typus: Armenia, distr. Erevan prope monasterium Gehart, in fauci-
bus fl. Gjarni-czai, 11X1936. A. Pojarkova n° 793, fr.; in Herb. Inst. Bot.
Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur.

65. C. turcomanica A. Pojark. sp. nova (Sect. Oxyacantha Zab., ser.
Monogynae A. Pojark.).— C. monogyna M. Pop. in Bull. Appl. Bot., Gen.
a. Pl.-breed. XXII, 3 (1929) 438 (ex parte) (non Jacq.).— Exs.: Sintenis,
Iter transcasp.-pers. anno 1900—1901, nn° 1835a, 1835b (sub C. monogyna).

‘Arbuscula, ramulis novellis et hornotinis glabris, atropurpureis, pruino-
sis; ramis vetustis tenuibus griseis; spinae foliatae nuilae, spinae aphyllae
rarissimae breves. Folia glauca, supra nitida, fere glabra, vel raro pilis
sparsis, subtus autem pallide albescentia, vulgo pruinosa, solum in axillis
nervorum barbata; ramorum fertilium folia inferiora elongato-cuneata, vel
obovata, apice inaequaliter grosse dentata, vel subtrilobata, superiora autem
ad 4.5-—-5 cm longa et lata, ambitu late obovata vel rotundata basi cuneata,
trilobata, lobis acutis, latis ca. 1:1, margine exteriore ad medium serratis,
lobo medio apice pro more trifido; incisurae latae, in medio laminae vel
paulo supra dispositae et eam ad 1/, vel ad 1/, dissecantes; folia ramorum
sterilium profunde 5—7-lobata, lobis latis acutis vel obtusatis, basi saepe
truncata. Inflorescentia foliis brevior, 8—12-flora, e ramulis 3—5, glabris,
vulgo pruinosis, sepala ovato-triangularia, supra medium subito in mucronem
attenuata et hypanthii dimidium attingentia, stamina 17—20; fructus late elli-
psoidei, monopyreni, pyrena ellipsoidea, lateribus compressa et sulco unico
praedita, dorso leviter carinata, hypostylio brevi, late triangulari.

Hab.: in declivibus saxosis montium et faucium inter frutices. Kopet-
dagh.

Typus: Turcomania, in montibus Kopet-dagh in angustiis Czuli,
9V 1911, A. Seidmuratov, fr. juv.; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS con-

servatur.

66. C. tianschanica A. Pojark. sp. nova.

Arbor, ramulis glabris, spinae foliatae non evolutae, spinae aphyllae
nonnunquam numerosae robustae, ca. 1 cm longae; folia glabra, ambitu ovata,
basi cuneata, vel truncata, ramorum fertilium folia superiora 1.5—3 cm vel
3—5 cm longa et lata, profunde partita basi fere ad nervum dissecta, vel
tantum ad 1/,—’/, dissecta, lobis 7—11, acuminatis, marginibus inaequaliter
serratis. Flores ignoti; fructus lutei vel rubro-fusci, rotundati, 6—8 mm vel
8—10 mm longi, pyrenis 5, lateribus foveatis, hypostylio magno.

393

Hab.: in declivibus montium saxosis et glareosis, inter frutices; Tian-
Schan occidentalis in jugo Taschkeht-alatau et Czatka.

Typus: Asia media, Tian-Schan occidentalis, Ai-bek et Tuste,
16 VIII1912. O. Knorring n° 141 (fl.); in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Se. URSS
conservatur.

Affinitas: ut videtur, C. altaica Lge. x C. turkestanica A. Pojark.
est: fructus ut in C. altaica, sed forma foliorum C. turkestanicae similis,
a qua lobis numerosis differt.

67. C. dipyrena A. Pojark. sp. nova. — ? C. digyna Pall. Ind. taur. (1796).

Rami glabri, pruinosi, inermes, cortex ramorum vetustorum cinerea.
Folia supra atroviridia, nitida, ad nervos tantum disperse pilosa, subtus pro
more glabra, -pallidiora et plus minusve pruinosa, margine sparse
ciliata, ramorum fertilium folia inferiora breviter petiolata cuneiformia,
apice grosse dentata vel trilobata, superiora autem ad 6 cm longa et 5 cm
lata, ambitu ovata vel rhomboidea, basi late cuneata, petiolis lamina 1.5—2-
plo brevioribus, ad ?/, quinque vel septempartita, partitionibus vulgo acu-
tis, rarius obtusis, apice, rarius ad medium, margine exteriore inaequaliter
grosse dentatis; incisurae acutae, inferiores ca. in folii triente itferiore dispo-
sitae; folia ramorum sterilium vulgo profundius dissecta. Inflorescentia com-
posito-corymbosa, ad 4 cm longa et 7 cm lata, foliis brevior, laxa, 7—
15-flora, pedicelli glabris, 8—15 mm longis, hypanthium nonnunquam pilo-
siusculum, sepala ovato-triangularia, mucronulata, extus margineque pilosa;
corolla 15—18 mm in diam., stamina 18—20, styli 2, rarius 1 vel 3; fructus,
ovati vel subglobosi, ca. 13 mm longi, atro-rubri vel purpurascenti-nigri,
2 (1—3)-pyreni, pyrenis ventre planis, sulcis 2 obliquis indistinctis praeditis
dorso convexis, obscure sulcatis, hypostylo triangulari °/, ventris partem
occupante.

Hab.: in silvis montanis et inter frutices Tauriae.

Typus. Tauria, Tauschanbazar, 19 V 1901. V. Tranzschel, fl.; in
Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur. ts

Affinitas: verisimiliter C. pentagyna W. et K. xX C. monogyna
Jacq. est.

68. C. zangezura A. Pojark. sp. nova.

Frutex ca. 1.5 m altus, ramulis tenuibus novellis glabris vel leviter
pilosis atrofuscis, ramis vetustis atro-cinereis, spinae aphyllae 7—10 mm longae,
atro-fuscae, spinae foliatae paucae. Folia supra glabra atro-viridia nitentia
subtus opaca pallidiora, solum barbulas in angulo inter nervos geren-
tia et margine ciliata; ramorum fertilium folia inferiora elongato-obovata,
basi anguste cuneata, apice trilobata vel trifida, superiora autem ambitu late
ovata, ad 3.5 cm longa et lata, basi late cuneata vel nonnunquam subro-
tundata, quinquepartita, lobo medio nonnunquam trifido; lobi acuti apice grosse
1—3-dentati, partim integerrimi, lobis inferioribus interdum incisuram unam
gerentia; petioli lamina 1.5-plo breviores, incisurae superiores laminam ad

394

medium, inferjores autem ad ”/, vel °/, dissecant, folia ramorum sterilium pro-
fundius partita, basi sublaciniata, partitionibus apice inaequaliter grosse
dentatis, non raro latis, obtusatis. Inflorescentia composito-corymbosa,
ut videtur parva et pauciflora; sepala late triangularia, acuta in fructu
reflexa vel patentia. Fructus ad 3—6, pedicelli 6—9 cm longi, glabri vel
sparsissime pilosi, fructus parvi, 6—9 mm longi, elongato-ellipsoidei, atro-
purpurei, carne leviter rubescenti 1—2 (3)-pyreni, pyrenis ellipsoideis, lateri-
bus paulo depressis et unum sulcum obsoletum gerentibus vel ventre planis,
dorso convexis, utrinque levibus.

Hab.: in declivibus saxosis ad marginem silvarum frondosarum, inter
frutices Transcaucasiae (Armenia).

_ Typus: Armenia, Zangezur, prope opp. Goris (Genjusy) inter frutices
in parte inferiore faucium Goris-czaj, 211X 1936, leg. A. Pojarkova, n° 540,
fr.; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur.

Affinitas: ut videtur C. pentagyna W. et K. X ?. C. pseudohetero-
phylla A. Pojark. est.

69. C. pseudoambigua A. Pojark. sp. nova. — C. ambigua M. Popov in
Bull. Appl. Bot. Gen. a. Pl.-breed. XXII, 3(1929) 438 (non C.A.M.). —le.:
M. Popov, I. c. fig. 97.

Arbor parva ramulis inermibus glabris pruinosis, cortex ramorum
vetustorum fusco-griseus. Folia juvenilia utrinque sparse pilosa, denique tan-
tum ad nervos et subtus barbulas in angulo inter nervos gerentia, margine
praecipue basi incisurisque ciliata; ramorum fertilium folia inferiora oblongo-
cuneata apice dentata vel trifida, cetera ambitu ovata basi cuneata, ad 3.5—
4.5 cm longa et 4—5 cm lata, plerumque quinquepartita vel tripartita lobo
medio trifido, ramorum sterilium autem majora, ad 6 cm longa et lata, pro-
funde 5—7-partita basi subdissecta, segmentis inferioribus nonnunquam
remotis; partitiones acutae, vel acuminatae inferiores majores, latae, non raro
incisae, ceterae ovato-lanceolatae, vel ovatae, margine exteriore ad medium
interiore tantum apice inaequalite~ serratae. Inflorescentia composito-corym-
bosa e pedunculis 4—5 vulgo 3 (2)-floris, cum pedicellis glabris vel villosis,
sepala elongato-triangularia, sensim acuminata, apice villosa, in fructo
reflexa, styli 2, rarius 1. Fructus ovato-globosi nigro purpurascentes umbilico
angusto, dipyreni vel rari1us monopyreni, pyrenis rotundatis, ventre planis,
sublevibus, dorso sulcis 1—3 obsoletis praeditis.

Hab.: in jugo Kopet-dagh.

Typus: Turcomania, jugi Kopet-dagh angustiis Ajdere, 8X 1930
leg, M. Iljin, n° 840, fr.; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur.

A ffinitas: verisimiliter C. pseudo-melanocarpa M. Pop. X< C. turke-
stania A. Pojark. est.

70. C. armena A. Pojark. sp. nova.

Frutex ca. 2—2.5 m altus, ramis novellis pubescentibus, hornotinis
atropurpureis; spinae paucae, foliatae tenues, aphyllae—7—15 mm longae.

Folia utrinque, supra minus sparse et plus minusve adpresse pubescentia,
ambitu obovata, basi cuneata, inferiora angustiora nonnunquam elongato-
cuneiformia, apice trifida vel trilobata, superiora autem quinque-partita, par-
titionibus acutis, inferioribus multo majoribus et angustioribus (ca. 2.5—
2:1) apice pauce grosse-dentatis et non raro incisuram gerentia, lobi
superiores interdum lati (ca. 1—1.5), apice 1—3 grosse dentati vel integri;
incisurae latae laminam ad ?/,—*/; dissecant; folia ramorum sterilium profundius
partita partitionibus latioribus incisis. Inflorescentia composito-corymbosa,
villosa, e ramulis vulgo 5; flores ignoti; sepala triangularia vel triangulari-
lanceolata, acuminata, in fructu reflexa. Fructus ovato-ellipsoidei, 10—12 mm
longi, rubri (vinosi), succulenti, monopyreni (rarissime dipyreni), pyrenis
lateribus minute depressis et sulcum unum gerentibus, dorso convexis, obso-
lete sulcatis (sulcis 2—4), hypostylio triangulari, brevi.

Hab.: -in declivibus saxosis inter frutices, raro. Armenia: Zangezur et
reg. Megri.

Typus: Armenia, distr. Megri, prope opp. Lishk, 1X 1936, A. Pojar-.
kova, n° 754, fr.; in Herb. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur.

Affinitas: verisimiliter C. kyrtostyla Fingerh. x C. Meyeri A.
Pojark. est.

71. Rhodiola viridula A. Bor. sp. nova.

Perennis. Radix valida, rosea. Rhizoma ramosum, 3—5 mm longum,
1—3 cm crassum, foliis squamiformibus imbricatis, oblongo-obovatis acuti-
usculis, 5—8 mm latis, ad 5 mm longis in folia viridia sensim abeuntibus
dense vestitum. Caules 1—4, 10—20 cm‘alti, 2—5 mm in diam. Folia alter-
nantia, remota, oblongo-obovata 10—18 mm longa, 6-9 mm lata, glabra,
apice acuta, basi lata amplexicaulia, margine acute serrato-dentata vel acute
profunde dentata, flavoviridula. Inflorescentia capitato-corymbosa densa,
1.5—3 cm lata, 1—1.5 cm longa, foliis non circumdata. Flores dioici, tetra-
meri, lutei, parvi ad 4 mm longi. Sepala anguste linearia, lutea, 2—3 mm
longa, obtusiuscula. Petala anguste linearia, lutea obtusiuscula, 4 mm longa.
Stamina petalis longiora, 8 in numero, quatuor 5 mm longa, quatuor altera
paulo breviora, filamentis luteis, antheris luteis et rotundatis. Squamae
hypogynae oblongae, parvae ad 1 mm longae. Folliculi 4—5 mm long}, lan-
ceolati, breviter hamato-rostrati. Semina elliptica, parva ad 1 mm longa.
Fl. VII—VIII.

Habitat: in regione alto-montana in decliviis lapidosis Tjan-Schan
occidentalis (jugum Czimgan major, Alatau Talassicum, jugum Chatkal).

Typus: Jugum Chatkal; bass. fl. Sandalasch, prope fl. Atschik-tasch
et jug. Bisch-tjur. In decliviis lapidosis. 15 VII 1938 n° 238a, fl., leg.
O. Knorring.

Affinitas: R. he’erodontae (Hook. et Thoms.) A. Bor. proxima est,
differt floribus luteis, foliis flavoviridulis necnon area geographica.

INDEX ALPHABETICUS*

ordinum, familiarum, specierum atque synonymorum plantarum
in tomo XI Florae URSS commemoratarum

Page**

Aithales caespitosa Webb. ...... 97
rubens Webb. et Berth, ...... 96
AvzoonsWoch,, Section . «+. «+ + - 67
Albertia simplicifolia Rgl. ...... 317
Aldrovanda M nti. ......... 1
WESHCULOSAUGs: Lc: co. ss onde wolvehoctus 1
Amelanchier Medik. .... .... 408
asiatic var. turkestanica Litw... . 410
Botnyapium DCo cic. 6 «+ + « « 410
canadensis (L.) Medik........ 410

A var. spicata Sarg...» - 413
PlOrr@o winless, eyes, 6-3 elon RLS.
inte rifolia Boiss. et Hoh. ..... 409
GUALESPBOTKN.| 6 ou -tie¥ sjueche, cubemusnis 413

Pee Niels. sc stuof «eee er ce 408
rotundifolia (Lam.) Dum. . .... - 408
rupestris Bluff et Fingerh, . » .. .- 409
spicata (Wam.)C. Koch. . . ... = « 413
turkeckanicaicitw. «© . - © + + © © « 410
wulgaris Moench ....... : « 408

s var. integrifolia Boiss.. . . 409
Anacampseros ciliaris Haw... -.-. » 74
eOrida TIAW.Ns (6, <pe.teh «ss 0 +s 70
MPL MGelaWe\6 sete. oes © +.) 6.8) SD
Anthyphylla Haw., section. ..... 197
coerulea Haw.. -..... eet oral Oa
oppositifolia (L.) Four... .. . Buoy UY
Appendic lata A. Bor., section. . . . 100
Ariam DG SeCCIOM sss sis, sigs: ene 389
Pinrawainit oli Decne... »,.+\2 « <6 6 406
UMECAINOEM.. © elelte ‘s) -- el ei) 6. allie 397
Aroni rotundifolia Pers.....,. .- 409
Aruncus Adans. ..........-. 309
Brancus Narsty My ws ctie i¢ ahha = vs 310
asiaticuseA.vPojarks «0.5 ss )- « « 311
kamtschaticus Rydb.. .-..... 311
Patwalts om. + 6 siche © « 0 « SIZ

SU MERTEPEKCOM co. clic) euleige 2 « se Olt

= a. kamtschatica Maxim.. . 311

Ri var. vulgaris Maxim.. . 310, 311
sylvester Kastel . . 2... ous ee, SLO
wulgaris Raf. . . <:.-. Sake Poe 310

Page
Astilbe Hamilton. .......... 135
Griuncus| MUReV es ciet ieltel eg aed sien 310
chinens's (Maxim.) Franch. et Sav. . 135
odontophylla Mig... ...-++--s 135
Aucuparia Medik., section ...... 375
Azaroli Loud, section. .-..-. Suse, 459
Basilima alpina Zbl. . .......- 315
Sorbisolia edtsche.) syictioes dnla: goin 313
ee Reno eee : 313
Bergenia Ménch ........... 136
bifolia Moench ite we uc) te) sash eeks »137
crassifolia (L.) Fritsch... .... 137

a var. pacific (Kom.) Nekras-
SOV Aig: ie, ucts stacese 137
Gort unowii B. Tedtsch. ...... 136
pacifica Kom. . . =» = =.= «,. oeaea RY)
Berisia Spach, subgenus. ...... 257
Boraphylla Engl., section. ...... 145
Botrycarpum nigrum Rich. ..... - 252
Bulliordia aga tica Caren eieike) cl ele
os pi eG tscNarep caus usue 11
prostrata Weinm. ...... 12
VatllantiiaD Cy vowels. hs : 11
Calobotrya Spach., subgenus. ... . 266

Calospira C. Koch, section .... . 288
Campanella A. Bor., section. . . 106, 127
Chaenopetalum Koehne, sections - » - 329
Chamaedryon Ser., section. ..... 290
Cham erhodiola lIgida Nakai..... 37
ielidas Nakatgie nici -iae como el ie ane: 41
guadrijida NaKiar’ sie Ja) go ol eke ele 39
MStEPRAMINE Keo uxcuc: eile is) 1 lela! cs 36
Chamae-Rhodiola Schrenk, section .. 39
Chiastophyllam Ldb. section 14
o (Ldb.) Stapf, subgenus 14
oppositifolium Berger ...- ++. 14
Chondrose Haw., section....-.+ > 186
juniperina GlaWeeue 6.) 6.6. 2) s))ioie 188
Chrysobotrya Lindleyana Spach... . 267

* [This appendix has been reproduced photographically from the Russian original.]
** [Russian page numbers appear in the left-hand margin of the text.]

o7173

397),

Chrysosplenium L........2... 200 integerrima XC.melanocarpaLodd. 324

alternifoliumy ls eels). eyo fe. ete ue 203 as X C.racemifloraC.Koch 324
. var. tefrandrum Lund . 204 laxiflora’ Bongo) oy uier ete ears $22
dublum) Gay ie .ercwee of nat atau 214 Lindleg?? GK iSchnvw<)se te | sik aie 330
baicalense Maxim. . ........ 215 lucidas Schlecht.tame psy cy © cme neat 323
beringianum Rose ......... 204 megalocarpa M. Pop. ....... 322
filmes Woman dve ss eae ny uae 206 melanocarpa Lodd. ......-. . 320
flagelliferum F. Schmidt . . ... . 205 cs X C. integerrima
kamtschaticum Fisch... ..... . 210 e Medik. . . . . 322
Komaroviv Au Lose". 2a'i os) us eos 206 fh X C. multiflora
macrocarpum Cham, et Schlecht. . . 214 “ Boe. vent 321
nivale Schurskire fs. "tote es cube 203 A SG réceniflare
nudicaule"BoGr. ar. eth te eee te te 202 : C. ‘Koch'"2y'. "S22
oppositifolium Cham. ....... 210 = xX C. uniflora
Trautv. u. Meyer .. 208 Bge. . . ss.) 322
avalifelians MuBe See ee nen ee 207 multiflora "Boe = = soem eee 329
peltatum) Durcz.t<:-) curcte- mo netiehi te 202 a ®. pubescens Rgl. . . 322
pilesum’ Maxim. ~% ) se 209 * X C. insignis A. Po-
ramosum Maxim. ... °*.... 208 jark: ps, See 330
rimosum Kom. s; © ‘cc fh es smote 214 a8 x C. melanocarpa
Sedakown Turcz. 56 ss see 207 Moodts.! a tc raemcnes 330
sinicum Maxim. . ...-+..... 210 BA X C. racemiflora
tetrandrum (Lund) Th. Fries . .. . 204 Co Koch’) Se er 330
thianschanicum Krassn.. . . .. ~~ 208 | Cotoneaster nigra Fries. . ....-.-- 320
trachyspermum Maxim... ..... 213 » Rel S % eee. 320
Wrightii Franch. et Sav... .... 204 » Kihlman ..... 326
yezoense Franch. et Sav... .... 208 a Wablbrc oie eine 321
Ciliaria-Haw., ‘ceru. 9.00 6 SS 180 » var. acutifolia Wenz. 323
Clemenisia® Rosey. ered se ee 28 is » daghestanica
Clementsia (Rose) A. Bor., section. . 28 Zinserl. . 2. - 322
Coreosma sanguinea Spach ..... . 266 . a. pauciflora Rgl.
Cormus Spach, section ....... 374 nummularia auct. . . . +--+: - 332
Cormus domestica Spach ....... 374 “4 Fisch. et Mey. ... - 331
Corylopsis pauciflora Sieb. et Zucc. . . 272 a C. Koch sees Seca 330
spicata Sieb. et Zucc. . . . 2... 272 Pa var. Lindleyi Wenz. . . 330
Cotoneaster Medik.. ......... 319 ks » ovalifolia V. Vass.. 332
acurtjaliasuindicre We ec «wee 323 i 8. soongorica Rgl. et
Cotoneaster arborescens Zabel. . . . . 330 Herd.'* %. 2eePeaasS0
Fontanest’Spach’ ~~. . ee 331 oligantha A. Pojark.. ......- 326
' a. Desfontaini Rgl. . . . 331 polonica’ Jostrz.7 0.0. = <a eeets - 320
” 8. nummularia Rgl.. . . 331 polyanthema E. Wolf ..... o) & 322
= Y. songorica Rgl. . . . . 320 pseudomultiflora M. Pop. ... - + 322
fan waHe., WOll cc cse, $22 pyracantha Spach ......... 414
inckonis A Polark..) cate ene oe 330 racemiflora (Desf.) C. Koch ae e SSL
insignis » XC. multiflora . a. fypica C. K. Schn.. . 331
Boren tore. ees 331 FS b. nummularia C. K.
integerrima: Medikii.9..) cs (-) or os 823 Schn.” «(6 iicwetseate Gol
- var. erythrocarpa Kryl. . 322 © X C. integerrima Medik. . 332
a » fructu nigro Medik. 320 ‘s X C. melanocarpa Lodd.. 332
. » Q@labrata Kryl. . . . 322 = X C. multiflora Bge. . . 332
sk » melanocarpa Kryl. . 320 reflexa Carr.’ «>. els ee OO ee
i We RERIA NG tet te eR 326 saxatilis A. Pojark. ....... 2 aos
“4 = uniflora C. K. Schn. 324 sibirica Krysht. et Bors. + + ¢ + « 280

398

soongorica M. Pop. ....+..«.s -
submultiflora M. Pop. .
talgarica M. Pop. «+--+ +++-s
taurica A. Pojark..... - ateitathe
tomentosa Hohen. - - *- +++ 33l
uniflora Bge.
5 var. lutea Fries . « . « » « 325
6 >< C. melanocarpa Lood. «
wulgaris Ldb.. . « « - e+e +e
i ele ag 6a 66 a 506
Pan ou Lzciieie: tei 3 A, Sue on

i var. haematocarpa Rupr.. .

322

” » melanocarpn Bge.. . .«
” ®. erythrocarpa Ldb.. . .

vulgaris L. « willow eile) weltleire

Cotyledon affinis Maxim Cie nae, ney eae 85

alpestris O. et B. Fedtsch.. . .. - 129
WwlabrasFedtsch.§. 9. +... + « -
duopus amwankl, .)). ss 8). s - L2e
ferganica Drob. .
WimbriataureZs. 2. 2 ss 5 8 se
BRPORTICA NOMS. 665 6 3's 0 se a es 112
leucantha Ldb.
Lievenii Ldb. .
malacophyllum Pall... .....- 110
oppositifolia Ldb. ...+*+.... 14
paniculatn O. et B. Fedtsch.. . .
platyphylla O. et B. Fedtsch. . .. 131
pubescens C. A.M. ......--.. 117

TOSERINUCSS “sl PeWeviclie.veVe,'s eye's 0 112
Semenovii O. et B. Fedtsch.. . . . 28
sempervivum M. B. ...* +. - 119
Merraramlaisn MheNtea ie cys |e.’ s gs e's 113

Pe Palla Rites’ <5); « fe 112
spinosa Clarketi ici) 60.0.3 112

a: LEGER oh so oe gs io 111
subspicata Fedtsch. . ......- 123
supulatanGAe Miles, 2). 2 «0s « 84
thyrsiflora Maxim... ...... - 112
turkestanica Fedtsch.. ...... » 127

Cotyledonoideae Berger, subfamily 13
Crassifoliae A. Bor., subfamily. -. 80

Crassula alata Berger. .-..+- 12
aguatica Schoenl. - -+.....- 12
caespitosa Cav. . ... +++ 97
crenata Desf. . . 2 2 2 22) es - 74
WMagnolit DC. 2% Bene i. ee. OT
PAPDETESY Daaileyy Go avi -ah! sy action ations uate 96

» war. decandra DC. ..... 92

BDNOSA LINN.) )= %)) Miele fie ievetions LIT
Vaillantii Schoenl.

_Crassuloideae Berger, subfamily... 10
Crassulaceae DC., family

399

330 | Cratae-Mespilus grandiflora (Sm.)Camus. 415

Cratacgus Lijit sie oe 2 we es - - 416
alnifolia Sieb. et Zucc. ...° . . 406
AIEAICAy EOE.) «6 ewtehicr 6 ous) @) |- 424

» var. hissarica Bornm.. . 224
a » incisa C. K. Schn.. . . 427
is yt) Willosavliges iow erver eller). 428
4 f.. flava MiiPop: 2) 3.2%. - 427
eS f,, fuses) Lge. «heise Velie ts sro,
ye f. latifolia M. Pop... . « « 424
f. rubens M. Pop.. ... - 427
sania Lge. X C. pontica C. Koch. . 427
X C. sanguinea Pall. 427

XC. songorica C. Koch .
o) o teMaeton et Siiemeewh2 7, 450

X C. turkestanica A. Po-
jark;, 2idetheuret 427, 452, 461
ambigua C. A. M.. ....- ~ « . 443
ambigua M. Pop. ....-+.+. - - 466

m var. Hohenackeri C. K.

Schivereiiews nea. 438, 439, 440
amelanchier Desf. .... - ai ens Ne) 409,

armena A. Pojark. .... . ». 451, 467
aronia Bosc. . « «
atrofusca Stev.

atrosanguinea A. Pojark. ..... 449
azarolus Fedtsch. . . - +++ e+e -s 435
vs Flohenttelttevis) sev +) 6 she ee 498
Beckeriana A. Pojark.. ... - 453, 463
calycinaPeterm.. ...+++-+-+- 459
caucasica C. Koch. . . . « « » « © 447
chitaensis Sarg... - - +++ +e 423
chlorosarca Maxim... . -..- +--+ 429
colchica Grossh.. . . » © «© + + «© © 430
curvisepala Lindm. .. ++ ++ > 450
dahurica Koehne. . « - - - +2 © 423
digyna Palle sve). 2s. a) 431, 462
dipyrena A. Pojark. - 431, 456, 462
dshungarica Zbl. .... » 427, 450, 461
eriantha A. Pojark. ..... ++. 439
fennica Kelm.. .. +--+ +--+ - > 405
Fischeri C.K. Schm ......- - 449
Fominii Krysht. ....-.-.-.«-++-+-e 280
Furuhjelmii Heer. ......2.-+--e 280
gharanica O. Pauls. ...-..-.- © 449
@racca opach: ’. Ws.) 70a «i es 397
heterophylla C. A. M.....+ ++ © 456
Ks Flisgoe veins s 0 ere 457
hiemalis Lge... . . 0 +s 22s 431
Korolkovii L. Henry. ... +... - 424
kyrtostyla Fingerhe . .-- +--+ 450

x C. Meyeri A.
Pojark. . 451, 468

Crataegus kyrtostyla Fingerh. X C. mo- pentagina X C. monogyna Jacq. 431, 463

nogyna Jacq. ... - 456 - X C. orientalis Pall.. . . 432

laciniata Kar. et Kir. ......-s 449 4 < C. sanguinea Pall. . . 431
# Steviuiele al ecstasy GAVE: 453 persica A.) Pojark. (is)\- )-s= Sone 438

i Weniaeicen ee ahs 6 coy 438 pinnatifida Bge. . 2 2 2 2 - 1 ew 421
lagenaria Fisch. et Mey...... - 459 pinnatifida Franch. . .. +++. > 424
Lambertiana Lge. . ... +++ + 431 5 var. gharanica O. Pauls.. 449
mandshurica hort... ...+-+.-s 429 pontica C. Koch. .... . es «435
Maximoviczii C. K. Schn. . 2... 428 X C. pseudomelanocarpa M. Pop.. 465
melanocarpa M. Pop. ...+.+-+-. - 432 praemonogyna Krysht.......+-- 280

; WE Ie 6 6 6 Oo 6 - - 430 pseudoambigua A. Pojark. . . - - ;

7 Bxheterophylla:Boisshc. "439K 2) 1) ee. eeu earane - 433, 443, 452, 466
melanocarpa—maeotica Krysht, .. 280 pseudoazarolus M. Pop. . . . - 432, 465
MevyerivAs bojarksee el a) 438 pseudoheterophylla A. Pojark. . . . 456
microphylla C. Koche ....... 459 pseudomelanocarpa M. Pop.- .- ~~ 432 —
monogyna auct.. ......... 456 se X< C. pontica |

bi Redtschs staaied sts Shere 451 C. Koch .... 432 |
monogyna Jacq... ..+.-.....-s 454 . < C. turcomanica |
monogyna Ldb. . . ~~... 22s 450 A. Pojark.. . . - 432

ay MgRop inet ie 6 oats) ©4577 > x C. turkestanica
g var. dolichocarpa Somm. A. Pojark. . . -
et Weve. a) sande. 459 - - . - 433, 444, 452
is » kyrtostyla Lange. . . 450 purpurea 2. altaica Loud... . .. « 424
” » laciniata Korsh.. . . 444 | Crataegus pyracantha Medik. .... - 414
” » lanigera M. Pop... . 451 remotilobata H. Raik. ....... 428
nt wranigroy Pall: snowed sie. 453 rotundifolia Lam. ..-+ ++... 428 |
x Tubraekallss | we eels 450 sanguinea Pall. .....-+ +--+. 422 |
, C. pentagyna W.etK.. 456 sanguinea Pall. «2 .-.-+-+.--s 429 |
tisha W. CEP, hgh Be. - - 430 rs Schrad!'.” 22) 02 Waa sais 464
Oliverian’ YBosc., sya ave eats 430 e var. incisa C. K. Schn. . 427 |
orientalistRalli, sical.) eaten 433 ss » incisa Rgl. .... . 424
» 9. connecta Diapulis .. . 434 mn » inermis Kar. et Kir. . 424 |
oxyacantha L.. ...... slits 437 s » songorica Rgl.. . . . 424 |
oxyacantha db... licoecke ve mem -il 447 Ps po typical Wig aieemen amen 422

. var. caucasica Medw. . . 447 is » villosa Maxim... .. 428

ze » @ipyrena Trauty. . . 441 ad » xanthocarpaRgl.. . . 424

PP emCiSa@) ING loNen ommeuitotlts 453 - a. genuina Maxim. . .. 423 —

A » intermixta Wenz. . - 455 B. glabra Maxim.. . 423, 430

” » acini taRgl.. . . . 453 Seuestictidna Lidbi ‘eric acuta 432, 464

- » Oliveriana Lindl.. ° 430 songorica C. Koch. .....-- - - 449

. » pectinata Schmalh. . 438 songorica Rgl.. . «. «ee «+ + ee 424

Bh » pinnatifida Rgl. . . 421 is Kar. et Kir. XC. altaica

» fructu rubroet nigro Krasch. 429 Lge.. 462
oxyacantha f. rubra C. K. Schn. . . 437 sororia. CS AL Mi, <iv.uceiiee sen teueane 443

” f. splendens C. K. Schn.. 437 sphaenophylla A. Pojark..... . - 441
Crataegus oxycanthoides Thull. . ... 437 spicata Lam. ©)" <)>) - eae een 413
Pallasii Mrautveners +05 ehh dcenwent. 453 Stevenii A. Pojark. .......-. 453

pectini ia rlohen.yaveee wine tals. 438 subfusca, Ldb./5°") 1) 2 ee ates 390 |
pentagyna W. et K.. 2... 2... 430 Szovitsii A. Pojark. .......-. 434
” var. atrofusca Boiss. . . . 430 tanacetifolia Ldb. . . ... 2... 433

n aun iabrataly ce ivehesiiewet 430 it var. orientalis Rgl. . . 433
pentagina X C. crus galliL. ... 431 Bs B. taurica DC. .... 433

. xX C. kyrtostyla Fingerh.. 431 F taurica A. Pojark. . . . 440 |

400

tianschanica A. Pojark. . . 427, 452, 461
FOrMinalis last <6 co oe aie. Le Me is 405
Tournefortii C. Koch. . ...- - - - 438
transcaspica A. Pojark.. . .... . 447
turcomanica A. Pojark.. . ... . + 457

turkestanica A. Pojark.. ...-... 451
ucrainica A. Pojark. . .. +--+. - 441
volgensis A. Pojark. ....«...- 444
Wattiana Hemsl. et Lace... .. - 427

o var. incisa C. K. Schn.. . 427
zangezura A. Pojark.. . - - « = 432, 463

© ped mePiiie 5 lbs lUPOnONO ORO OscNONCNCNONONC 274
Cydonia... --- +--+ essere 334
cydonia Pers... +--+ +--+ -- 334
maliformis Mill... .-..++.-+:- 334
oblonga Mill. ....-+.-2e-.- 334

a f. maliformis Kirchn.. . . . 334

» f. pyriformis Kirchn.. . . . 334
wulgaris Pers... + 2s + - +++. 334
Cymbalaria Griseb., section. .... 164

Dactyloides Tausch., section .... - 174
Dermasea nivalis Haw... .+«.-.-... 152
Deutziasthbe: |... sss 2 wk he 223

amurensis (Rgl.) Airy-Show. ... . 224
corymbosa var. parviflora C.K. Schn. 224

crenata Sieb. et Zucc. ....... 225
PUCETATECTO SEV Nel <0 Seeley iS VARY: Sale Se 224
glaberrima Koehne ........ 224
glabrata, Koms.). 3. . 6 sss 224
parvifiora Bge. .-++-+2- +. 224
parviflora var. amurensis Rgl. . . . 224
Seqoramlinunb se lec: 16) « 1s) joule fe 225

Diptera (Borkh.) Engl. et Irmsch.,section198
MET OROEQO UY 9 .c0 sic" oh eet ame ve nN he eres
anelicamiluds.s.) -*-1 «kts ye eo ten es
intermedia Hayne-. ........
Nemygifald Wee 6nay te ol-o deoh ceacurd 5,
obovata Mert. et Koch. .... . 5
rotundifoliaylcsfe .. . % 6s. « o
* Xanglica Lag... ...
» X intermedia Hayne. .
Droseraceae DC... . .

BARNA AAHA NH wy

Eappendiculata A. Bor., section. - - - 110
Eheverioideae, subfamily. - ..- - Pile fies 1)
Epeteium Bo'ss., section . eWooeke, co MOD.
Erecticaulia (Praeger) A. Bor., subsection53
Eriobotrya Lindl... .........-. 407

japonica Lindl, sii seis. se
Euaizoonia (Schott) Engl., section. .
Eucommia Oliv.

Ulmordes" Oliv. 27. Pee a's 273

401

Eucommiaceae Van-Tieghem . ... -
Eucoreosma Janaz., Subgenus. - - -
u-Rhodiola Schrenk section. .- .-
Eu-Rosularia Berger, Section... .

Eusanguineae Rehder. . - +; -

Eusedum Boiss., section ..... =.
Eu-Sempervivum Schoenl. section . .
Eu-Sorbus Kom., Subgenus. ... .
Eu-Umbilicus A. Bor., subgenus .. .
Exochorda Lindl... ------ +:
AlbertitRelverstspe 71: 4° ee
grandiflora var. Alberti Asch. et Gr. .
Korolkovii Lav. -.+++++--s

tianschanica Gontsch.

Grossularia Mill....-.-.-.- areas
adenophylla Osten-Sacken et Rape
aciculasis (Smith) Spach... . .
atropurpurea Osten-Saken et Rupr. -
burejensis (Fr. Schmidt) Berger .
insipida Rupr.. » »- +--+: »
nigra Rupr. ....-- - oon te
reclinata (L.) Mill... ......
rabraeRuprive wee > ce ts ys a. Te
spinosa Rupr. - + --+-+-+-+-+--
uva crispa (L.) Mill... ...-..

vulgaris Spach

Grossularioides Jancz., Subgenus. . .

Hahnia Medik., subgenus. .....

torminalis Medik. . ...... «

Hamamel daceae Lindl., family .

Hamamelis japonica Sieb. et Zucc.. . .

persicam Ct Memeiie i) selas fc) cel eke
Hermesia spicata Hoppe. ......
Heritiera Jancz., subgenus... . .

irculuswkiawan) accel ciel ges bo se 6
Hirculus (Haw.) Tausch., Section. . .

Hirculus ranunculoides Haw.
Hortensia opuloidesLam. ... o .

Hoteia Morr. et Done .......
Hoteia chinensis Maxim. ..... -
Hoteia Thunbergii Rgl.. ......

Humilicaulia Praeger

(oe Wie) te. ve) sre,

Hydrangea L........ eee eciheeh Ne

cordicolia Sieb. et Zucc. .... »

hortensis Sieb.
opuloides C. Koch
paniculata Sieb. -......
petiolaris Sieb, et Zucc. . . © .
scandens Maxim. .....- .

Hydrangeae DC., tribe

Hydrangeoideae N. Br., Le ees nes sive

eee) en we!

Jovibarba DC., section. ....... 15
. Ope og” Hal oh ol elaine 23
Jovisbarba DC., section ....... 23
Kabschia Engl., section. .... . - . 188
Kalanchoideae, subfamily ...... 9
Leptasea Haw., Section. ..... 159, 186
hircualus) (12) Small. 3). 2) 2hii.ci e, 1160
Merckii (Fisch.) Kom. 159
serpyllifolia (Pursh.) Small . . . . . 163
Lievenia A. Bor., section. ...... 101
Ligalaria) Duwals!.) 3) 3 ove 8 es eee 198
Liquidambar europaeum A. Br..... 271
SEOTACI LUGS se ley oes Sis 273
Lobaria orientalis Haw... ..... . 165
sibirica Haw. ... . OS Beh Genes TC 171
Macrosepalum turkestanicum Rgl. . . 98
Malus Malle oot jy Svs el ee ee 357
astracanica Dum.-Cours. ...... 366
baccata (L.) Borkh, . ....... 369

baccata var. a. sibirica C. K. Schn.. 370

sachalinensis Kom. ol BZ

sf » Mmanshurica f. latifolia
Koidzaiieiy. Pe vecctuie uc 371
cerastfolia Spach!) ).2) 0). 4) .0n, 369
communis, Vamsi otis, Yo hte 358
As Wroronia ote eure treme 360
* var. sylvestris Beck . 359
conocarpa Torts.) <) laws iste ce 366
costata ‘Hortiy sri Bey 366
dasyphylla Borkh,. ........ 359
es var. domestica Koidz. . . 365
dolichomorpha Juz. ........ 366
domestica Borkh. ....... 361, 365
frutescens Medik. ....... 362, 366
hybrida Lois-Deslongch. . . . . - 366
manshurica (Maxim.) Kom. . . . . . 371
manshurica Koidz. ........ 372
‘3 var. genuina Skvortzov . 371
3 » Gordeievi Skvortzov . 371
megaimila’ Hort! class et cies cd 366
Niedzwetzkyana Dieck ....... 364
orientalis Uglitzkich . . ...... 362
Pallasiana’)Juz; once capt, ok 370
Hs var. lasiostyla Rupr. . . . 370
praecox (Pall.) Borkh. . ...... 360
prasomilaitlort yeas one) 651 366
prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh.. ..... 366

prunifolia Willd X M. baccata (L.)
Borkh.. . 369
pumila aucts ets te eae eee 363

362

Pa CLD EAS SUNN - - - 359, 366
var. domestisa C. K. Schn. . 365

2 » Niedzwetzkyana C. K.
Schasii siti | A); csnduaomeer goa
» XM. baccata (L.) Borkh.. 369
sachalinensis Juz. ....... sna see
StOrrica Kom. ye) Wl Auts oi hee - 370
Sieversii (Ldb.) M. Roem. . ... . 363
silvestris) Mull-v5 <. steuucl ousep'e) tei oie 359
sinensis Hort... <j if.¥e) key eee 369
strepens Hlort...4s. <y\..7.) 6 ieee - 366
striata ort 7:9)... since 366
turkmenorum Juz. et M. Pop... .. 364
Mespilus L.. .)., <, «, +) <(oatueee 414
amelanchier Li: ©; Ji, a sae 408
canadensisiqLink (o5..uhyas ee 410
communis Giildenst......... 414
Cotoneaster.) «) «pee 320, 323
ie var. nigra Ehrh. - 320
domestica All... -. Jie ee 374
germanica Le. i4)..\0 . obits eet 414
ep f. apyrena Duh... ... 416
is f. abortiva Dum.-Cours. 416

germanica lL. X Crat. monogyna
Jacq!’ :sysnss. <io: eae 415
japonica Thunb... .....-.+.-.-. 407
Mespilus laevigata Lam... ..... - _ 437
monogyna Willd. .....++-s-s 455
odoratissima Andr. ....... . 433
oxyacantha All... ...-. oa tebnemsy 450

as var. monogyna Schmalh.
«ey: 49 6 eae 450, 455
pentagyna Spreng... .......-. 430
pinnatifida C. Koch. ....... 421
purpurea Por. (-) - 0.) ne 422
pyracantha Roem. ........-. 414
racemiflora Desf. .......+.-. 331
sanguinea Spach. ......... 422
Smithii Ser., |.) 005)... ¥. cee 415
vulgaris Giildenst.. ........ 414
Metaspiraea Nakai, subgenus. ... . 290
Micranthes Haw... .....+-+-s- 145
hieracifolia Haw. ...--- ++ 157
melanoleuca (Fisch.) A. Los. . . . . 156
Nelsoniana Small ........-. 148
nivalis (L.) Small . . . ...... 152
purpurascens Kom. ....... - 149
Sieversiana (Sternb.) Kom... . . .- 146
Micromeles Decne. .........-. 406
alnifolia (Zieb. et Zucc.) Koehne . . 406
A var. tiliifolia C K. Schn 406
i f. typica C. K. Schn. 406

Micropetalum Tauschh......... 163
Miscopetalum Haw., section ..... 163
Mittelarlis so ee seo MRT cilleyeae 199
cardijolia Lams...) <5) ‘cher venient 199
IGA) > etek SA Ae 8 199
rentjormia Wamvici) «ee 8 8 199
URESEGTEQHTIAW. ‘= snc ss we aphvsiatet lirentes 174
caespitosa Elam, . \,2i- «fs ewe heirs 175
SILemiOranOternb, iy -.(s hs, oe sl eines 174
Neillia opulifolia Benth. et Hook. . . . 283
Nephrophyllum Gaud., section... . 166
Occidentalis Dode, section. ..... 279
Opulaster amurensis O. Ktze.. ... . 282
= ‘ Nakaiwre ites ne get's 283
epulrfolins) ©: Ktze. 2). 6. 6)\e'sie 283
Orientales A. Bor, section. ..... 122
Orientales Zbl. ics 6 4. suk odee ns 433
Orientalis Dode, section. ...... 285
Orostachys (DC.) Fisch.-. ...... 108
cartylaginea A. Bor... ...... 112
chlorantha Fisch, ......... 110
fimbriata (Turez.) Berger. . ... . 113
japonica (Maxim.) Berger ..... 113
malacophylla (Pall.) Fisch, . . .. . 110
TEP KOMs. 545,56 Violets is e's 113
SEEEOIG TS WECE sc os. efits «dad seOt: We 110
spinosa (L.) Meyer. ........ 110
SPIROSA, SWECE, . 6s o..'!s Viledyeh een 110
thyrstlora, Fischetti.) Xs) eo ec) heels 112
Orthopetalum Koehne, section... . 320
Oxyacantha Zbl., section. ...... 436
vulgaris Roem. ...... « 4 437
DPAPNASSIA Lj. is yoo ss (GORAW. WANS - 215
bifolia Nekrass. ........ + - 218
etlrata (Gilibs: is); js ios. his ds Res - 216
Kotzebuei Cham. et Schlecht. - 218
Laxmanni Pall. ........2.. 219
multiseta Fernald ......... 217
obtusifiora, Rupr. = <<) y-)) «stunts 218
Ouatay MUPCZ, jo, co i.) sik Vew dls Vannebine 219
Palustris ejei7 .{cthisore Sy hes flees 216

‘5 f. alpina Kom. ...... 217

‘5 f. caucasica A, Los... . . 217

a f. obtusiflora Rupr .... 218

‘ f, tenuis (Wahlb.) Nekrass.. 217

» f. typica Trautv. ..... 217

Bs f. ussuriensis Kom. . . .. 217
parviflora var. Kotzebuei Engl. . . . 218
subacaulis Kar. et Kir. ....-- 219
Zercets, Wahlb: ys yo se. siietiions- Biel ete 217

403

Turczaninowii Ldb. . ......-. 219
Parnassieae S. F. Gray, tribe 215
Parrotia "GC. A. OM.” css Ri il Sass 272

persica’ Cs Aly My (iy. wie las 272

Elavoufollinian Goeppe -iya\ 0) sled eel troisiiiciient s 271
Penthoraceae Van Tieghem, family . . 132
Penthoroideae (Engl.) Bor., subfamily. 132
Penthorum Cronov .......... 132

be chinense Pursh.... . 132
i humile Rgl. et Maack.. . 133
2 intermedium Turcz.. - . > - 132

Sedoides yc etal a ie, ou h Me shdens 134
Phaenopyrum odoratissimum Roem. 433
Philadelpheae Rchb., tribe ...... 220
Philadelphus L. ..... intariatmarts sid 220

caucasicus Koehne. ........ 220

coronarius, auct. «|. jj.) 2 3) soe) sje 220

" Reliant 22)
io var. Satsumi Nakai . . . 221
a 8. tenuifolius Maxim. . . 221
ss v. Satsumi Maxim... . . 222
un &. manshuricus Maxim. 222

inodorus Ves ic Re OE ke 223

latifolius Schrad. ........-. 223

manschuricus Kom. .......« - 221

2 Nakart cin ee oes We 222

pallidus Hayek ........ 221, 223

pubescens Loiss. .....+++-e-s 223

Schrenkii Rupr. et Maxim. .... . 222

tenuifolius Rupr. et Maxim... .. . 221
Photinia japonica Fr. et Sav... ... 407
Physocarpus Maxim. ......---. 282

amurensis Maxim. . .....--+--« 282

amurensis var. concolor Kom. 283

opulifolia (L.) Maxim. .-....-- 283

ribesifolia Kom. . . .. +++ +e. 283
Piarella uniflora Retzius . ..... - 199
Pinnatifidae Zbl.,section. ...... 421
Pirus vide Pyrus
Pittosporaceae Lindl., family .... .- 270
Pittosporum Dryand. ..+.-.+.+-s- 270

(Sapotacites) Putterlicki Ung... 270

tobira, Dryands, yu) sell > ole) = > 271
Platanaceae Lindl., family -...-. > 274
Platanus li.) (i. ecs ue palace! Beaadic 274

aceroides Goepp.- --- ++ ++++2+++ 028 274

cuneata W. ..-..- 5 AB)

digitata Gordon... ..-+-s- . 276

Guillelmae Goepp.......--+---e 274

occidentalis: Lis...) re eee 279

orientalior Dode. . ..-. +--+. 276

orientalis Brandis ..... +... 276

= dbs Oa sae ee ene 276

orientalis jRall:, 1 dilenke eliettet lee 200
InSul ris D Cater te elmore ast (en, erro 275
Pomaceae Lois.-Deslong. ...... - 318
Pomoideae Focke, subfamily... . . 318
Populisedum Berger, Section .... » 66
Porphyrion Tausch., section ..... 197
Procrassula caespitosa Four... +--+ + 97
= Magnolii Griseb. . . . - . 97
Protophyllum .+....-+-++-+ee-s 274
Protospiraea Nakai, subgenus. . - 286
Pseudosedum (Boiss.) Berger .... - 99
affine Berger:. . . = . = so! wists 8
bucharicum A. Bor. . ....... 105
campanuliflorum A. Bor... ... « 107
condensatum A. Bor... ...... 102
Fedtschenkoanum A. Bor. .... . 107
ferganense A. Bor... .....-- 105
karatavicum A. Bor. .......-. 108
Lievenii (Ldb.) Berger... .... 101
longidentatum A. Bor. ...... © 102
Pseudosedum
multicaule (Boiss. et Buhse) A. Bor.. 106
Pumilae Rehder, section. ...... 358
Pyracantha Roem. .........-. 413
coce nea Roem. "<div. ier canbe 414
Ryras lik cei 6 eee es oe 336
acerba DG. cjsr sys SiROee aR 359
achras, Gaertn. 3.4. Ges oh 338
melanchier Willd... ....... 408
argyrophylla Diapulis. ....... 348
aria Y. cretica Lindl... ...... 397
asiae-mediae M. Pop. ....... 342
aucuparia Fr. Schmidt. ...... 383
“ Gaerthieiiss roe Loker 376
Fe Maxim.iteiaiis: baba Sees 381
“ Turez:;. soa! nahivaus scaevantenee 378
baccat,. Vass 5: 0. SRE. Re ee 369
5% Wradleviqcsc tape jee eeen eens 370
» Var. manshurica Maxim. 371
= » Stbinica Maxm ... . 370
* a genuina Rgl. . ... . 369
ss Oaypraecox WRG. tu ien eho tel 369
v. aurantiaca Rgl.. . . . . 369
rs 8. latifolia Rgl.. . . 2... 369
Balansae Decaisne. ........ 339
Boissieriana Buhse. . . . . . ss 341
bucharica Litw. << 6 .. s-th. Bae 356
: var. diversifolia M. Pop. 356
- » simplicifolia M. Pop. 356
COLT Te PR idea aa d6 oo SUG o.0/0 280
communis) Li). «@ ve. js ei eurci «ish Sees 338
: var. sativa DCA mone 339
communisi Ls p. ps «> ee < ee 341

404

cordata Decaisne
domestica Sm. .
eleagrifolia Pall. .
eleagrifolia auct. ..--+-+.++-.
5 f. faochia Woron.. .. .
ip < P. communis L. .
graeca Lodd. :
Grossheimu' A. Fed... ....
heterophylla Rgl. et Schmalh.
f. Koopmani Spath. .«
53 f. simplicifolia M. Pop. .
+5 < P. communis L.. . .
, X< P. Korshinskyi Litw. .
Korshinskyi Litw. . .
; var. glabrescens M. Pop. -
» » typica M. Pop.
Korshinsky X P. communis L.. . -
Kotschyana (Boiss.) Dene. - . » « -
Lindleyi Rehder. . .
Malus auct.. .

‘oy oe) | uA Rie taeee

eM OR OGG peo ob oO Gholo0 6 oo 6 5
» var. austera Wallr.
” » glabra W. Koch
» var. rossica Litw.......
» Wojejkowii Litw. «0 2 3":
6. tomentos Ldb.
microcarpa Wendl... .-++-+.-+.
Migabet Sarg... . - «s+.
Niedzwetzkyana Hemsl.
nivalis Pall.
» Jacq. var. elaeagrifolia C. K.
Schn.
n. sp. Sievers. «
ovoidea Rehder
oxyprion Woron.
praecox Pall. Ss
prunifolia Willd. .........
pumila auct. .
pumila II domestica Asch. et Gr.. .
pyraster Borkh. . . . 2. +--+... >
Raddeana Woron.
Regelii (Rgl. et Schm.) Rehd.. ...

eet Fey) Fen je) ey ve

@ 50 i@ je «e tenho) (sieteeein!

salicifolia’ Pallovcmrene, ot caicniecmicenne
salicifolia Pall. X P. communis L.. .«
a » XP. syriaca Boiss. .
r Bogushevsky. ..... -
sambucifolia Maxim... ..... -

(Sorbus) sambucifolia Cham. et
Schlecht. .

saxatilis Schlecht... ......-.

serotina Rehder

@ 9@ \o, se Keiiies fe wr Reies

SIEUEFSIE [udbasehiehh sh. steh Sere mer ects 363
Sinensis Winds, << déiis «eens 341, 345
b a. ussuriensis Makino ... 341
gongorica Fisch...°. + ss. «+ +» 363
Dosnovekil A. Keds «> oMevs + ome» 350
MONOUS AGACTEN: fis. se. ote ei 5) 6 We. e 374
MRKIaCAY BOISS> 5% of oh» jee e1'o pes» 350
“ var. oxyprion Diapulis . . . 351

i » Raddeana Diapulis .. 351
Takhtadzhiani A. Fed. ....... 349
FAOCHIAU WW OrOlalictierieis als @ ile « 347
tianschanica Franch... . 384
torminalis Ehrh.. .... ++... 405
a | OAL Ah A me re 405
turcomanica Maleey .......- 340
turkestanica Franch... .... s+. 401
ussuriensis Maxim... ....... 341
Vauilovit’ Mo Pop... 2. . ee « 355
a var. glabra M. Pop. . . . 357
zangezura Maleev ........-. 352
entiole Wee bits 5 i «2%, | ROR 24

algida (Ldb.) Fisch. et Mey. . .. 37
arctica A. Bor.
atropurpurea (Turcz.) Trautv.et Mey.. 33

DOrealisuA. (0r.?..§ 0 chalet > 6 oto Va 32
coccinea (Royle) A. Bor. .... . 39, 41
elongata Fisch. et Mey. ..... .- 29
Welida Schrenk .+5°5 5% sete «6 41
heterodonta (Hook. et Thoms.)
PEE OT esha Mikes ictte fe) oso Me's 32
iremelica A. Bor. ....-.-+.- 31
kaschgarica A. Bor. .. - «+ +s 39
UO WITGIROLt. 52. ts fs “cere, MN 34
Répmarovil A.) Bor: .* state's othe v6 38
linearifolia A. Bor. ........ 35
linifolia rubra hort. ........ 35
Ribwinowil vA; Bor. sil + 2 © «its 45
pamiroalaica A. Bor... ...... 40
pinnatifida A. Bor. ........ 36
GiaarifAda AUCE. 24s te os «Be « 41
quadrifida (Pall.) Fisch. et Mey. . . 39
recticaulis A. Bor... ......-. 42
TOSCAU Ctr ee can cei tal a Wo, te a 29, 30
sachalinensis A. Bor... ...... 31
Semenovii (Rgl. et Herd.) A. Bor. . 28
RIDITICGIOWECT s| «+ este = ste e 30
Stephani (Cham.) Trautv. et Mey... 36
MMMCMBo tone al ss ee ee: Ss 6 We te 226
CU TEETT Tue Wie Ay 5 AO OemOW OOO 0.0) O 237
neal ler te petsiathd yeleeauih pe cl Op. 6 269

affine var. sachalinense Fr. Schmidt . 246
albinervium Mchx.. ......+. 233

405

alpinum Jancz
alpinam Liss ne TLRs heehee PUNE
ys 6. manshuricum Maxim.
alfiaicum odd; ¥.%.u. -heihs SEM
altissimum Turez...... 242, 243,
americanum Pall. ...... ied
appendiculatum Kry]l.
atropurpureum C. A.M.......

“ var. rubrum Kryl. . .
tomentosum Ma-
dh 0 0 OOO
typica Trautv.
8. C. A.M. . 242,
X altissimum
hurczsemetke onto
aureum auct.
aureum» burgh aster a) athena 266,
i var. chrysococcum Rydb. . .
GaicalenseMMurez) ie 2 +) os 237,
Biebersteinii Berl... .......
burejense Fr. Schmidt .......
caucasicum Adams
A Me Bi ena belegenee ee,
a R. Regel
ciliatum Coch sits sie ene
cuneatum Kar. et Kir.
cyathiforme A, Pojark.. ......
diacantha Pall.
diacantha Rgl. et Herd. ......
‘ var. typica Trautv.. ...
dikuscha) Hischs» -2 +s «sien -MieMton noe Ute

distans %. manshuricum Jancz. . . .«

o')\e), Je)” 'e) *6 eo He) evita Teure:

eh en Veh ce Bis) fe: Yet ‘eve

domesticums* |ancez:r. illic js. 2 6) 6
flavum Berl.
fragrans Bong. et Meyer. ...-..
5 JantezaWieike Wehiie®) «Tate 6 js)
B Lodd.
fracransmizalle, cours eeWMe Miele, Yo) «uel >
af Gewolabrumyldlown. Wee «y>
3 B. infracanum Ldb. ... .
glabellumibledi:va\,<\ lls) «) ~ +, + = «
glutinosum Decne... . +++ + »
gravcolens Be... + <M cl olla tei \o)ire
RBrOSsSUlarigilsa. #8 «ee ee mneMtoN. ReMeiits
var. reclinata Berl... .

‘ai Fe: Yo, Yel te. Ke): eh ce: Mes elite

”
uva-crispa Jancz.. .

a. glandulosa-setosum
WH) <@ON Ao ool
A » . pubescens W. Koch,
PA » ‘» glabrum W. Koch .
heterotrichum C. A. M.

” ”

” ”

oe «© © © ©

Ribes heterotrichum A. Pojark.

hispidulum A. Pojark. . . + +++ > 238
horridum Maxim. ...- ++ +++: 247
hortense Hed) .. . se ee ees 233
hudsonianum Rich. . . . - + see 254

inerme floribus planiusculus Gmel.
Tat iw! lo MBL ACHAT Sadmabeee, amas hienaskts 232, 237
Janczewskii A. Pojark.. . . - +> > 252
kolymense Kom.. - + + + 2 ees 251
Komarovii A. Pojark.. - .- +. > 260, 263
lacusire: RON «iss se sw es 247
» var. horridum Jancz. 247
latifolium Jancz.. - - + + e+e ss 242
latifolium Kom. . +++ + e+ +> 242
laxiflorum Maxim. - - + + + ++: > 246
leptostachium Decne. - - +++: > 259
longiflorum INUEHRt cis ie, as, ciiatem natn 267
lucidum Kiticons :s.ce ss, OU anes 264
malvifolium A. Pojark.. . +... >: > 246
manschuricum Kom. . - + + +e: - 234
e f. subglabrum Kom. . 234
_ f. villosum Kom. . . . 234
Maximoviczianum Kom... + « + - . 260
Maximoviczi «. umbrosum Kom. . . 260
(Maximoviczianum) 8. saxatile Kom. . 263
melananthum Boiss. et Hoh. . . - - 258
melancholicum Sievers. - - - ++ > 232
Meyeri Maxim. - - +--+ ++ 241, 244
» var. turkestanicum Jancz. . + 241
» £ glabrum A, Pojark.. . - - 241
» £ glandulosum A. Pojark.. . 241
montigenum Me. Clatch. - - + + + + 247
multiflorum Kit... . + 2 ee es 234

é var. manschuricum Ma-
Fis cexensal <esieieas . 234
nigrum L. . « « 247, 252,258, 254
nigrum Turcz.. ss + se ee ees 248
» var. caucasicum E. Wolf. . - 253
k » pauciflorum Janez. . 252, 253
2 » praecox E, Wolf... .- 248
» var. sibiricum E. Wolf 253
» 1 aconitifolium Kirchn.. . 254
, {. apiifolium Kirchn. . . . 254
+ var. kolymense Trautv. 251
odoratum Wendl. . . .. 22s es 267
olidum Moench . ...-2 ++ 252
orientalen Destin scam cnovere wos six 257
a var. genuinum Jancz. 258
s » heterotrichum Jancz.. . 258
a » resinosum Jancz. 258

” » schugnanicum

n » B. Fedtsch.. 259
Palezewskii A. Pojark. . ....-- 237

406

pallidiflorum A. Pojark. ...... 242
paucifiorum Turcz.: 70 siieuja cleiiniihe 248
petiolare Dough siece is os 254
petrceum BGlss; Je. 5) «pened «eine - . 245
‘s Ldbo us dete. & 243, 244, 245
M Kom). |: . «. cxbomien ys gala 242
Ks Wialf. a ac 9p saaienemrcians 233, 240
var. altissimum Jancz. . 244

atropurpureum Fedtsch. 241
atropurpureum Krylow . 243
caucasicum Jancz. - 245
Litwinowii Fedtsch. . 241
Janez. . 242, 244

”» ” »

" » mongolicum Franch. . 234
” » = Maxim.. . 234
- » typicum Matsum. . . . 242
7 e » Maxim. . . 242, 244
of 8. rubrum Kryl ). 4.4). 244
Be 8. fomentosum Maxim. 242
" 5. atropurpureum Jancz. . . 244
pneobalsamum Sievers. .....- - 256
procumbens Pall. . . 2 . « 9% alsin 255
propinguum Turez.. . . . 2 2 2 « » 232
Hedi... onal Sue 233, 239
pubescens Kom... .. +. e e+ 23/7
e Kryly <, oe seth (seated eae
» f. cretacea A. Pojark. 240
pulchellum Turez. . ....- as)
reclinatum L. . 0... : Anpueals DEMOS
rabrum: aucty<4e siehd) eee 233
eb OF Uae ie oo « 245
ma gADCZ 6. << queen C - 2389
rubrom se) Oo. cae es eunsinenal ood
rubrum Ldb. ....- - Ao cota g wc ate
, oSehmalh... sk . . 238, 239

ssp. asiaticum Jancz. ee ee 238

» var. Y. acuminatum Rgl . - 237
z » bracteosum Maxim. . - . 233
‘ » foliis basi truncatis Kar.

et Riri sass ein lave “Cal
“ » glabella Trautv. .... 238
aah » Trautv.et Mey. . 232
“ » glabellum Jancz. « - . . 238
A » Aispidulum Jancz. .. . 238
AA » intermedium Rgl. et Schm. 241
Re » Palczewskii Janz... « - 237
“ » pubescens Jancz.. . . 239, 240
PS » rubellum Rgl.et Til.. . . 232
A » sativum Korsch. .. . . 237
~ » scandicum Fedtsch. et Fl. 238
o » scandicum Jancz.. ... 239
a » silvestris Trautv.. . . . 237
és |) a et B.. Gi A. Mo gees e258

rubrum var. «. glabellum Trautv.

et Mey. . . 237
4 » ~. propinguum Trautv.
et Mey. .. 232
RA » —. pubescens Swartz... 239
5 » —. silvestre Maxim... . 237
» §. sylvestre Wimm.
et Grab.. . 239
FA y. subglandulosum Maxim. 232
a x hispidulum A. Pojark.. . 238
ps X pubescens Hedl.. .... 240
sachalinense Nakai. ........ 246
sanguineum Pursh. . os... « « 266
EALUUNELSYMEVaivel'eW siete ve) ele: ste 293
gaxatile wallsive) so) « o oifselte! so. 1c am 205
seandicum Hedl.. ......... 240
Schlechtendalii Lge... .. . enema 239
sruestrettled iets 4s 42s sis Sh ON: 233
STIZOSUTAGIDeiie! athe) es ones - . 268
SHAVEOIENS!MULCZ: | silo seh os al ese 256
fenmiflorum Lindl. (oi 43/0. 88) 204 266
tricuspe «. typicum Nakai ..... 260
TRISTE DE EU Siete Bar fo Ia Shes Fo 244
Pema ret BRA Yes ore. 6)! oe ha 241
Pome + 5% sO AMIEE ooo ke 243
ericte Pall eee sk eh OM! 232, 243, 244
PLAT CZ SLITS AY, Re Mag 243
» var. alaskanum Berger. . . 233
i 4 dlbiitériitiamn|(Mehe) Fernald 233
2 » % foliis subtus puberulis
Bong. et Meyer. . 244
turbinatum A. Pojark. ....... 252
ussuriense Janez. 2 2. 2 2. SN: 248
ussuriense Kom. et Aliss.. . .... 248
IAMCTIS PAW stirs: Ae tek) SRI IN Re 258
HUAMCrISDOM Pall. 6) st .1)'s a Ustt. eeee 268
panosum Wallbs sh ot) .r'sir. Mert fee 259
a f. albiflorum A. Pojark. Si PS!)
puigare Co Kochis ne eS ale 268
wHivaresbam. tee. a 233, 240, 241
- var. macrocarpum Jancz. . . 233
vulgaris {. rubro Krascheninnik.. . . 232
Warscewiczii Jancz. . .-..... 239
“ Kom. et Aliss. . ... 237
Ribesia (Berl.) Jancez., subgenus. . . . 232
Ribesioideae Engl., subfamily ... . 226
Rorella longiyolia Gilib, . ...... 5
POPUTECEFONG VAM Nee) Pon os 2)» eth s,s 2
Soesarede! usss chet str. Nom she Sethi ihe 279
Pealecelenidi. aie ats a Maen Se ee 6
Rosularia (DC.) Stapf ........ 114
alpestris (Kar. et Kir.) A. Bor. . 129, 130
elymaitica (Boiss. et Hausskn.) Berger. 121

407

glabra (Rgl. et Winkler) Berger
hissaricalAnBors ate 3%. %s be Ae
kokanica (Rgl. et Schmalh.) A. Bor. .
LipskyatA: Boren eee eee
IuteatAs Bor, reek Al ie) e e
paniculata (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Berger .
persica (Boiss.) Berger
pilosat(Mi"B:),A-(Bors = 22720 ines
platyphylla (Schrenk) Berger . .
radiciflora (Steud.) A. Bor... .. .
turkestanica (Rgl. et Winkl.) Berger .
pchischkinieAvebors =): 5 Sa
sempervivoides (Fisch.) A. Bor. .
sempervivum M.B... .
subspicata (Freyn. et Sint.) A. Bor. .
tadshikistana A. Bor.
Rupifraga Sedakowii Turcz.. . .

oe, O87 OL Vere: +e

Sanguineae C. K.Schn....-.....
Sanguineae Zbl., section
Sarraceniales Engl., order
Naxifravais. Pte tee ter ean eiee
abchasica Wetting: ss cs 2 2) site
adenophora C. Koch.
adscendens L.. .-.. . aprotic
aizoides L.
aizoon ssp. cartilaginea ‘var. eucarti-
laginea Engl.
et Irmsch. .
var. Kolena-
tiana_ Engl.
et Irmsch.
Gestivalis Fr) Schit-leu-t iets) te ts) ce
a Small.
Alberti Rgl. et Schmalh.. .....
anadyrensis A. Los.
ANGrOSACEAt tee eater fe) tele el sia onl
var. uniflora Kryl.

Oe! Os ie: er Bay (oll tes resell te.-4e

O78) Oo we) £8). tes @.

annua Lap.
aquatica M. B.
aspera M. B

© se) "@" (e\~e (#6: 10) eo! = 6.

ULEILINTLGLES Ue eee eters tot oe ciate
bicolor Sternb.
bimaculata@lurczs 2c) e eeet eee
bohemica Panzer .
bracteata) Dons a1)! 2 et oh lotions
bronchialis Kom.
bronchialisiiescress shan sitet at voiisnranne
ssp. Funstonii
Hultén
spinulosa (Adams)
Hultén

@ fe) (6) ee Ler ee

ei 2) (Ol, (Ostler ie! ON te. (eo:

”

bronchialis ssp. cherlerioides (D. Don.)
Engl.

x » genuina Trautv.. . -
24 » {. piceifolia Engl. et
Iemischeve ieee kena

bronchialis var. multiflora Ldb.
nlotic Cities 6 56 5 6 0 0050 0
caespitosa Lo 5 3 3). 2 - 1% @))- L755
es ssp. eucaespitosa Engl. et
limncieiso 6 6 6.0 0 0 0 6

var. uniflora (R. Br.) Engl. .

‘ » uniflora Hook. O
ealycinay oternb. oh ja) <i) feueicaionne
carinatam@ ettings)) eh deen cioi-ulomis
miiiporn ILM 6.6 Glos 6 680 00 Oo
cartilaginea, Walldi)o ye 0) - aha) a

5 f. major Engl. et Irmsch.

1 f. minor Boiss.

‘i f. vulgaris Oetting.
caucasica Somm. et Lev.. .... -
cennuay emer. heteteibe ls See Ud cies

» 1. simplicissima Ldb.

Me var. sibirica Korshinsky. . .
cherlerioides D. Don. . ..... -
colchicawAllbow? a). +) 1 +) hed une
columnaris Schmalh. ........
controversa Sternb. ........
comosa Fellm.. . -....... -
coriifolia (Somm. et Lev.) Grossh. . .
cortusifolia Sieb.et Zucc.. . . . = -
corymbosa Luce ...+«.4+-e.«-s
cotyledonaMiaBercnien te tel ellen! ee
Crassifoliamlas re feurce) ahah oth Leak
cymbalarian lime) Wales sen iamrnnel ol oui
cymbalaria Chamisso .... .- 172,

‘. MN Bay tes, be Rat hee

, var. eucymbalaria Engl.

et Irmsch. . . .- -

» Huetiana: Engl. et

Irmschs e's) etre vouro
dahuricaKomaetaee en oko
a dbs Serene ic aly sical ace 150,
dahurica) Willdsiveme cia nome etre

* f. calycina Engl. et Irmsch. .

s f. grandipetala Engl. et
Fanci 6 6 OG cao

P f. Willdenowii Engl. et
hinkdibcnd 6 6 gland oe
) 8. latifolia Sternb. ... .
decipiens Ehrh. os
Desoulavyi Oetting.. .......
Dinnikii Schmalh. . .

elegans Chamisso

ese) eo ‘@ (e ‘le ee ‘oe

408

elongatajoternbaiey-)i\- js =) yates
Eschscholzii Sternb. . . .....-
exarata Vill. ...
» ssp. moschata Caval.... .
» var. adenophora (C. Koch)
Engl. et Irmsch. . . . .
compacta Koch
orientalis (Boiss.) Engl.
intricata Somm. et Lev. .
Kosnezowii Engl. et Irmsch.
Villarssii Engl. et Irmsch.

” ”

3 f. intricata (Lap.) Oetting. .
F f. laxaKochvacjsms jencedeuremte
Fe f. vulgaris Engl... . 5. .
exilis Stephan. ....... one
fimbriata D2 Don: .. jue) -meene
firmanlitwe vere le me Onna oO ¢
Fischeri Seri...) «| topes
flagellaris auct....... aoa 6
y db. 2. corceal" parcumeumenar:
flagellaris Willd... .... . oar siaie
7 var. setigera Engl. et
Irmsch.. + © «© aple telus
a » stenosepala Engl. et
Irmsch. 2. « « « « «
foliosa R. Br. . - .. . o. « Bopha! goles

geranioides var. irrigua Ser. « » « -
grandiflora Sternb. .. .
grandipetala (Engl. et Irmsch.) A. Los. .
granulata L.

exh (arm \e:iey Wvew Je) Mer se: etisern®)

granulata Schangin - - « « . « « «
hieracifolia Waldst. et Kit... ...
hirculus es <) oe) «0 eine ean
i" f. major Engl. et Irmsch.. .
Huetiana Boiss. « . « « « fo ysis
intricata, Wap. | :)«) =) +) ke a
irrigua M. BL. . . . oie aes
juniperifolia Adams .....-..
R var. brachyphylla Boiss.
A » imbricata (Rupr.)
(Oettin .) .----
» Kusnezowiana
(Oetting.) Engl. et
Irmsch. . . .. « 6
-f » ty ica Engl. et
Irmsch: jf.) os cuneiee
a f. cinerea Oetting.
a f. distans Oetting.
yunt erina) M. Ba) 3) <i +) eee
Kolenatiana Rgl. ...... :

Komarovi A. Los. . . . - ee so»
Korshinskyi Kom. . « « « « « « «
Kusnezowiana Oetting.. . . . . =;

Kotschyi Boiss. - ---.-+-+--.. 193
lactea Turcz. - e © - - +--+ es 65)
aevisiM., Bao jee 10 6 sina) ia \et sels 189
» var. eulevis Engl. et Irmsch. 189
» » pseudolaevis Engl. et

Inmsecheie > + fpicn teens 190
Laurentiana (Ser.) Engl. et Irmsch.. 173
manshuriensis (Engl.) Kom... . » « 149
melanoleuca Fisch.e » » . - --- =. 156
Merckii Fisch.. . . . ..-+-.---> 159
Rehm B deial oilel 10s: veewedye 5 .2 Je 178
mollis Smith -..-...+..-. 172
moschata Wulf. ...--..--- 177

» var. terektensis (Bge.) Engl.
etIrmschh ..... 176

6 ssp. eumoschata var. longi-
petala Engl.etIrmsch.. 177
= f. compacta Oetting. 178

a f. intermedia (Mert. et Koch)
Engl. et Irmsch. . .. . 178
f. laxa (Sternb.) Engl. 178
i f. minuta Oetting. 178
f. vulgaris Engl. et reeeea 177
Mascoides dbus divodiembeus. ssurceyeenets 176
9 Wiel fist Shs ois Abc. 177
is f. compacta Mert. et Koch: 178
myosotidiflora Don. ...-... 162
MERLECTAMBIAY: icin s © ) Mive, awisiens 145
Nelsoniana D. Don. ........ 148
BFEZUOSOMM cB sicoscc sec sls Palle wich 3 Tess othe 178
i ®. minor Sternb. ..... 179
Wrreicamled bys Si ss fete eS outa nots 185
BPEV EMIS elbows 5) fornisdus, shiyevs iste: eciabysince 152
» var. tenuis Wahlb. ..... 155
nudicaulis D. Don. ........ 145
* f. stolonifera Kjelm 146
mutanswACAans, s:3).5) s+ + =, peijletis 160
oblongifolia Nakai. ........ 198
GREERIGLIS Jac... 2:>s, k<.ssiye «npspodiepuis 165
Oppositifolia L. 6 ie 5 wi ane ee 198

mo ssp. asiatica (Hayek)
Engl. et Irmsch.. . . 198
iparcdoxa iM. Bo... <fls he suetvesassls 165
parnassioides Rgl. et Schmalh.. . . 160
pauciflora Sternb.. ........ 152
petraedubiablitz, ys, 8 © 5 6 6 ee 167
Pontica Albow .......e... 178
Pseudolaevis Oetting. ....... 190
prvescets M. Bois ms), «0+ lille eisetis 178
punctata B. Fedtsch.. . .....-. 148
PM TAULE ude) cis Feihte: penteiesowis 147
punctatay oktavciiie co tobe oniethore 147

» var. Nelsoniana(D.Don.)Engl. 148

punctata var. manshuriensis Engl. . 149
a » Krauseana Engl. - 148
Me » typica f. coarctata Engl. 148
Pp » » purpurascens
(Kom.) Engl. et
Inmseht ahisjicuiebuc 149
af f. corymbosa Engl et Irmsch. 147
purpurascens Kom. .......-- 149
radiata Smallwemomemen cme) 3) ciient-tie 173
ranunculoides Haw ....-+.. > 169
Redowskiana Sternb. ......-. 150
Redowskii Adams ......-.-.- 158
reniformis Ohwi. ..-.- +--+ +s - 147
reticulata Cham... .. +++ -=-> 146
Fivulanisulsctahon = 6) cdictedicuemenys 172
rotundifolia Ldb. ...++.+«-+-- 163
i var. coriifolia Somm. et
Levekcd.dibiauesce soho: 163
sachalinensis F. Schmidt .... .- - 156
scleropoda Somm. et Lev. ...-.- - 190
‘ var. abchasica (Oett.)
Engl. et Irmsch.. . . 191
Fe » nivalis Somm. et Lev. 191
BS » Sommieri Engl. et
Irmsch. . . 191
serpyllifolia Pursh ......... 163
setigeragbursie irc) o eiteinl-mes acne 162
CHAT HED COGN O66 6 Guid 1600) 0 172
SIbITICAG Lika cule! ocush is cate esau 171
» var, eusibirica Engl. et Irmsch 171
S meSternboimeuicn ic: veri urd cane 146
Sieversiana Sternb. ........ 146
sileniflora Sternb. . ......-- 174
simulata Small .........-. 168
sobolifera Adams ......... 161
spinulosa Adams .....+-.-..-- 183
Hs var. pseudoburseriana
Schmidt: suk Ware ilacurce 184
stellarisy lee) else ue) cos) Geren onRe a 158
stellaris var. foliosa (R. Br.) Trautv. 157
is 8. comosa Retzius.... . 157
Stephaniana Sternb.. ......- 171
stricta Hornem. ......---- 155
subverticillata Boiss... ...... 188
var. colchica Oetting. 189
tenuis "(Wahlb.) Syovmoiioe 6% ae one 155
terektensis Bge.. . . . + 2-2 ee 176
Tilingiana Rgl. et Til, ......- 155
tridactylites L.:-. . -. ++» sss. 165
ms ssp. adscendens (L.)
Engl. et Irmsch.. 166
i » eutrid ctylites
Engl. et Irmsch.. 165

409

tridactylites L. ssp. minor A. Blytt. . 165
var. minor A. Blytt.. 165

trifida Gilib, . 2 +--+ ee ee es 165
unalaschkensis Hultén. ...- =: = 151
vaginalis Turcz.. » + +++ +e 145
verticillata A. Los. ..-. +++: > 180
Saxifragaceae DC., cem.. » - + + + + > 134
Saxifrageae DC. . - 2 2 2 2 s+ ee > 135
Saxifragoideae A. Br., Subfamily. . . 135
Seda Genuina Koch, section. ... .- 72
Sedoideae Berger, subfamily.» --- + 24
Sedum lL.) .2 2 eee eee er 45
Cron ree eh, Se, eee tee mente 88
acuminatum Hamet ...+-+- = © 129
acutifolium Ldb.. . «+ se + 2 2 84
getnense Tin? *) 3. $6. ata Sees

2 var. genuinum Hamet . 98

f » tetramerum Hamet. 98

affine Hamet ....2.+ +22 85
aizoon Ln s =. © SRC uae Cel 3967

» sp. Selskianum Fréd..... 71
» var. latifolium Maxim. ...- 68
7 » Middendorfianum Frod.. 69
» S<kamtezaticum Fisch. ... 69

albanicum Beck... «2 2% + = = « 98
albellum Bess... - . «+ © Seat eh OS
Alberti Praeger . . 2 2 2s e's 83
Alberti Rel... = 8% SINS, OU SES
albiflorum Maxim. . ....... ; 62
alboroseum Baker ......-- ss 63
CANSY ETT be Cumrgmcl ecmace did echyncticieec mci: 82
alarmed. ee eee) ee ee 37
alt icaum G. Don «2.2. ~ aero

- Stephi-%. sok) hades ettoare 64
Anacampseros L. ....... So ns)
anatolicum C. Koch... ..2.2.- 79
annuum eee tf cnsteeeePiete Home ts BSE
archangelicum Rupr... +... .- 53
armenam Boiss’ %. '.\% © % se ets 89
AthenmiD Cte aie PROS Cy ae 83
atratumitles jo Peimeees wwe "ates 5% 93
atropurpureum Turez. ..-. +... 33
azurenm rovyle, fa % #.. lo eteet tse ae 64
Galiicum Harti’. “arts ce. mcmers cil 83
Bohuslav: Rupries sete « < ge « 53
Boloniense Lois. te) tie! wte ee) Sl 87

bucharicum A. Bor. ........ QL
caespitosum®’ DC’ “0 %,.92 ear een 97

Calverti Boiss® .* = +. 30.) <) PRE. 84
cariense Jaub. et Spach... .... 79
caucasicum (Grossh.) A Bor... .. 57
CrLGFENOWEEE Meee. ais ww eee 74
congestum’ @) Koch 2.0.03)... 74

410

coreense’ Nak’*s 2% 4 2) @ahee 2ieat 89

corymbosum Grossh.. ...... - 93
crassipes Wallich . .. 2... 38
crenatum Boiss... ... +. + «2s 74
crenulatum Hook. et Thoms. .... 32
cyaneum auct. ... +... + ss 6 65
cyaneum Rud... ..- +. s 2. 65
dahuricum Fisch. et Mey. .... - 62
* Steph: « % 0 Si aaveieeer 66
dentatum DG... % <2) eee . 74
es Stephv<:.° 2's) o> eee 36
deserti-hungarici Simonkai . . .. . 97
divaricatum Schlecht. . ...... 118
elongatum Kar. et Kir... ..... 34
elongataum Ldb. 2 30.7% 5 8 ss 29
elymaiticum Hamet ........ 121
erythrocarpum Pau. 2. 5. 8s 98
eupatoriodes Kom... . . ...-s- 63
eupatorioides Schlecht... .... > 37
Ewersii dbo’"e".™ = 75 Cierra 64
Fabaria aucts ws) et op ee ete 5 ESS
Fabaria’ Kochi. = seems 54, 66
Fabaria f. floribus lacteis Maxim. . 62, 63
fimbriatum Franchet. .... . SNES
gelidurt Lidbi"~*.".. * "2 s,s eee 41
.. Kars &t Kare ene 343. eee 41
gemmiferum Woron. . .. +++ «+ 79
plaucurn auct \. (ssa) (sree 90
glaucum Waldst. et Kit. . .... ato
gracile (Gs Av (Me. *. 8.7. eer 83
hispanicum auct. ... 2... 2 90
hispanicum L. . . . . » « ee % 0 89
hispanicum Hamet ....+.e 89, 92
s var. semiglabrum Fréd. . 91
heptapetalum Fisch. . . . +++ > 90
heterodontum Hook. et Thoms... . 32
hybridum L. .... « A IO
hybridum Urv. .. +. +s. a RO 7S
hyperaizoon Kom. ..- 2 eo -- 68
hyperboreum Fischh .....+-.- 66
ibericum Stev. .. - 2. ++ ees 73
inderiense Fisch... - - - + +++ 101
involucratum M. B. 2... ++ 78
kamtczaticum Fisch... ....-. - 69
kamtczaticum X Maximowiczii
Praeger ©. 99> .000% 69
Kirilowii Praeger . -. +--+ ++ > 35
gt Rei scant Se ei 34
Kirilowii Rgl. var. linifolium Rgl. et
Schmalh. ... . 35
kokanicum Rgl. et Schmalh. . . . - 128
latifolium Bertol. . .....+ +> 55
lazicum Boiss. et Huet. ...... 74

lenkoranicum Grossh. ......-- 84
leptorhizum Fisch. et Mey... .. . 62
Erevente Hameo) o...00 "soi; 6a 6) 0h ye 101
Lilacinurm Lidbe) spss he RE 65
linifolium rubrum hort. . ..... 35
derskoniiae ! Was! +. 5 0/< ailsaleiye’ bigalie is 719
Piforale icone sehen hiliak bh ay eines 71
Ivetumm Bosse 3 ape” By sDiatst ar 81
malacophyllum Steud. ...... « 110
maritimum Bohusl.. .... - siletue! (99
Maximoviczii Rgl. ..... ee 69
Pincecrmatiin valiets, > 6. “shi ek SN oes 56
is hate pee cathel selina Joilyod «8s 55
maminam (1:)SUten! oi aiieg 3% 2 eu 55
SiC has var. caucasicum Grossh.. . 57
melanoleucum Schlecht. ..... . 97
Middendorfianum Maxim... ... .- 69
Micranthwme Basts| aie ehcp «oe 8 83
FRECEEP GUID Gah ott ah oh unt yalbieig of a oe! 87
mugodscharicum A. Bor. ..... - 54
TEGTRDTEMOISS SP) 25 VRE able” car Dos oeins wie 95
obtusifolium C. A.M. ....... 79
i var. Listoniae Frod. . . 79
Olgae Rgl. et Schmalh.. ...... 129
oppositifolium Hamet ....... 14
oppositifolium Sims. ........ 77
OmeninlenDoIss, (ita i. epee wk! 89
pallescens Freyn. ..... 2... 62
Pablrum eB. oe oie yen ss wo oe ya 92
parvistamineum V. Petrov ..... 5
pentapetalum A. Bor. ....... 90
PAPHOS MP BRO Sp oy aN’e',op Sika yess 117
pluricaule Kudo. (tqilo (oo se 65
polonicum: Blocks its~ytieléeiy ey oi o's 56
polytrichoides Hemsl. ...... 38, 89
polytrichoides Kom aiith oyy4uain3 ys 38
populifolium Pall. ..... Snes 67
proponticum Aznavour....... 79
purpurascens C. Koch ....... 53
PLrpUreumm acts 2 cis «to atday afieoh « 54
purpureum (L.) Schult. ....... 53
Gadarifdiume Palla 0 «© o \8 6 os 39
racemosum Pall... .... . arg gL)
FAGICOSUM™ BOISS. ©. ~ jai.0y,3¥’ oy idy « 123
ramosissimum Franchet ..... . 113
FEMORIS Pete o> 2” FH abdong ah ch Veh asbacth » 86
PREECE MORES 4 orgs can deyMOt ot ai alran ces ibs
Rhodiol> auc.) i. — os. Meriey o, suts S12
1s DGoage is Macdenea pict sts a ee
a var. latifolia Rgl. .... 30
FOSEU AUC. Gs ab sey psyne seas sepsis Ol, 2
PROMI SCOT Mbt cei coe of fay) ay ob ho 29
SECVEM ipa co ils nip koay meds a2,

411

roseum var. atropurpureum Praeger. 33
FUBENS le thet Wan Aae ainaltee pucks 96
rubrumy CG) Dhell, caret jae letcclasi ws 97
Sajamenserbialls, =f.) bjt ewig sh causes 67
Saxaiile WE ve a 0s: Mhaeet eup dees 95
Schrenkrztrrods + 02 Siidsm siveuncdy« 85
Selskianum™Rel. 605 te! ebb pelo ths 71
Semenovii Masters. ........ 28
sempervivoides Fisch, ....... 118
sempervivum DC, x. sis) «us, os <i 118
5 ame E Ss Wh sion tater ail 6 119
sexangulare auct. . ... ++... 88
sexanoulare Eu) aires calyeh ee obi 8 87
sexijaurn Me Sirk gehts a4 toes ah 89
Skorpil: Velen. « *<"saueraetsiee< 98
Spinosuin) Thunb? (spacey 4 5 ai a 111
53 WaT: inte 208. eens. 111
5 var. thyrsiflorum Fréd. 112
Spur TOU. San 61 of ea on ay wt th 74
Spurtumy MoE. en a penisitenls laleitel |< 74
5 «Wars alba; Trautys 1a suerte. 74
re » involucratum Frod. .. 78
Stephany Cham: Qe teliys lay = spies ais 36
Stevenianum Rouy et Camus... . 72
stoloniferum S.G.Gml....... 73
subulatum (C. A. M.) Boiss. 84
tectariin Scopes vaekiat ha halk 17
tenellum: Mc Boeesicem oeiecn an skenke 80
Welephium auct.) ac sigs sh at se 5) 57
Felephrumay Mh eptei dee al cai ehacaay « 56
Belepirmiiery lie a) G0 apoyo man 53
Sedum Telephium ssp. alboroseum Frod. 63
x » Purpureum var.

orientale Frod. . 61, 62
t. » verticillatumFrod. 58

3 » viviparum (Maxim.)
Prod hy: Maj pon satus 61
3 var. albiflorum Maxim. 62
+3 » eupatorioidesKom. 63
rn » pallescens Kom. . 62
5 » Pluricaule (Maxim.) 65
e «a. album L. 56
7 8. purpureumL.... 53
a € maximum L. 55
tetramerum Trautv. .......-. 98
farerdumeRamsses,:h\cabh acy ty shicoucn = 83
turkestanicum Hamet ....... 98
umbilicoides Rgl. . . ».. +++ + 129
ussuriense Kom... ...+.-+-+- 61
Verticnlatiunacls. i. s)\er,onshl ental wishes 58
villosam: Lae. (eutitee is fe eect aectcae 94
virescens Schlechtend......-. = 101
viviparum Maxim. ......-.-- 61

Sedum vulgare Link

Sempervivoideae Berger, subfamily. . 14
Sempervivoides Boiss., section . 117
Sempervivum L...........-. 15
GN MOLT es A ae tants ete te 16
armenum Boiss. . ........ 21, 22
PPV LC ey 6. Gi .c ide Wooo Onee 21
CAUe SIGUE RUDRA te eee eee 18
cuspidatum Haw. . .. . 1s 5 ss 111
flagelliferum Fisch, .. ..... 18, 21
flagelliforme Fischh . ....... 21
genuinum C. Koch ...... ao
glabrifolium A. Bor... ...... 22
Globiterum La 6 3 ee ee 21
globiferum Lub... 2 0. ee 21

es Rehbsaietenc opener cerns 23

54 ssp. ruthenicum C. Koch. 21

hiram Edbve wee ee eo eee 23
LOA Od SENS) a a) Gietiaidleciilow Gana. od 22
montanum, BICAWe we © is ee ee 16

” Goes Mawar a) emer 18

s dive tec eae, cae 18
pumilum MoBo...c ose oct cr 16
fithentcumonoch) cn. ee 21
ruthenicum Schnittsp. et Lehm.. . . 21
soboliferum Sims. .. 9... . . = 23
CECTOFUMU AUC see CO ere 18
Rectorumm lence cue opines ce tere « 17

* ssp. ceucasicum Berger . . 18
vermiculare Giilldenst. . ...... 21
Sibira\a*Maxim: ~ < (St SPS Raw 306
altaiensis (Laxm.) C. K. Schn. - - 306

fs var. lancifolia M. Pop. . 309
croatrea' Degen. i. ee eens 306
laevigata Maxim. ........ - 306
tianschanica (Krassn.) A. Pojark. . . 309
tomentos "Dielg 2 SS 0 506
Schizonotus sorbifolius Lindl... . . . 313
Woburca Hawes ee tae RS 166
SorhariavAU Brees. 8 sos tee fee: 312
alpinatDippee em ot SBS SS Ore 315
angustiioliavebles «sw 5 chee 313
arboreacG. Kerstnne << sme sec 313
assurgens here. fc Ses SS OS. 313
gilgitensis Zinserl.. . . . 2... 313
grandiflora Maxim... ....... 315
Lindleyana Maxim. . ... . 313
Olvae’Zinserls)*. Sa) ee 313
Pallasii (G. Don) A. Pojark. 315
rho folia Kom.) .4Ser e ee - 315
sorhifchia(Es) AGB ee 313

< var. glabra Maxim. . . . . 313

4 f. glabra Maxim... . . . 313

sorbifolia f. sfedlipila Maxim.
,, a typica C. K. Schn.. . .
stellipila var. inserta C. K. Schn.. .
. » typica C. K. Schn. . .
Sorbus L. ..... be tdi a aces Sui

altaica Koehne
alnifolia C. Koch
amelanchier Crantz . 2... .e es
amurensis Koehne .. . . « « « « e
anadyrensie Kom. . . 2» - s+
aria’ Grant. % ¢) < ses ome meen

» var. concolor Boiss. « « « « «
» | » glabra ‘Albow wis Soren
Pe ~ graeca Boiss: << s «3&6
Pahoa yn ReRoch ester.
oon ERCISa-AIDOW se soe seeretetts
» » subtomentosa Albow. . . «
» » welutina Albow ..... .
Qin ia: Crantzie, so: es, < 1er cle) ote enicmenrememreiare

armeniaca Hedi, %.% % Sere eens
aucuparia Kom... s .'. ss ee
aucuparia L.. . .
Ss var. glabra Gilib.. . .. .
Dumbergii Koehne . .
ss » glabrata (Hedl.) Perf. .
: ssp. sibirica (Hedl.) Kryl. .

. XS. fennica (Kalm.) Fr.
aucuparia L.
Baldacci Deg. et Fritsch
Boissieri C. K. Schn.
Buschiana Zinserl. . ....... “
caucasica Zinserl.
caucasigena Kom. . .
colchica Zinserle.. <0. es Cree one
commixta Hedl.
commixta var. Takasui Kudo. .
concolor C. K. Schn.
cretica Fritsch.

domestica L.
mi var. pomifera Hayne . . .
4 » pyrifera Hayne... .
discolor°Maxim.: «= =<. © se eee
dualis’Zinserl. << 0 «ee eee
fennica (Kalm) Fr. . .
flabellifolia Hedl.. ...... ee
- Schauer = 5’. se eee
glabra Gilib.. . .
glabrata Hedl.
graeca (Spach) Hedi. .
graeca var. cuneata Zinserl. . . . .
- » orbiculata Zinserl. . . .
kamtschatcensis Kom. . .....

” ”

ee (8: 0 @ @ el ce (ere) secrau ene

@ ce (Ob ey ce.) (eee

es 8 @ © (8) @) 0:2 e) ee

ee. 8 @ 8 © © @ eh @ 7

Kusnetzowii Zinserl. . . . »- +++ > 397
Meinichii Hed]. ...-. - his 374
meridionalis (Guss) Nym.. » « « + + 400

FP var. Baldacci Asch. et Gr. 398
migarica Zinserl.. . . + ++ +++ 398
Miy bei Mayr... 2+ 2 + «\012 0% A406
obtusidentata Zinserl. .....-.+ - 400
pekinensis Koehnee « - - +++ + - 382
persica Hed]. -. -. + 2 e+ + eee 401
polaris Koehne .. +--+ ++ ses 378
praegraeca Krysht. et Baik. ...... 280
praetorminalis Krysht. et Baik. .... 280
pumila Rafin. . . « «+ «2+ 2 « - 384
sambucifolia Roem... - ». + « « «© « 375
BCAUNCICA ET os clk o NoMiott ol eile iistheuH OO
scandica Lipsky . . . « + 6 « « « sao
schemachensis Zinserl. . . . «+ « « 392
Schneideriana Koehne ....-.. + 3/6
sibirica Hed]... ... . aft. CaaS TS
STECRETISTSHIROCM se 6 )elts) Velie) 2) Nlis Ee 387
subfusca (Ldb.) Boiss... .....- 390
subtomentosa Zinserl. . ..... . 391
Szovitsii Decai ne. - « «+». + « « 390
talIricawZINSeMls ws oe cue% snlevc yeu o 460
Hanschanica, Rupr: 2». - «. «. «¥e) ae 384
forminaliseGrantzy vic a on - some Pines 405
torminalis var. mollis Beck... .. . 405

- » pinnatifida Boiss. 405
ECM Mi AlN ba G ClOlsEO OO. cool 4 Ghouls 280
une, JASdb 6 GG 0 OO 6 4 5 399
turkestanica (Franch.) Hed. 401
umbellata Fritsch . ......-.-. 397

3 var. c.-Baldacci C.K. Schn. 398

Fe » cretica Grossh.. ... 397

Fe » graeca C. K. Schn.. . 398

» flabellifolia C.K. Schn. 399,

400

welutina CSIKG Ochna s/ssieu. Monee 391
Woronowii Zinserl.. . . .....-.- 395
Spatul ria stellaris Haw. . «2... 158
Spatulatha A. Bor., nogcexu. »-. ~~ - 72
BPW ACR ene elo. 6c |. o/s, wo be va 283
CULEUSOLIG! Wie 2+ <4. = ahhell use WE 303
Aiba Du Rot :) «300% otis saeee 287
amp oua, ball’) oh/eu ok eos cu /eneeuls - » 303
aiprraliKorshiz sp ios o> ss omelele ts teie 298
alpina Fall): s« i» «has OP otc SeD2OS

» var. altaica Fedtsch. .... . 299

ae de eee Maximcs) otis 15 \iotee 298

» » @Qahurica Rupr... .... . 297
aliaicasPalle csv ce ce oA. RI - - 306
aitatensis Laxm: sieite s $a.) h. tne 306
amurensis Maxim. ....... . - 282

413

aquilestfoliackall, “aceite ites, Wee 305
aquilegifolia K S. alpina Pall. - . 305
ms XS. media Schmidt . . 305
ATIC Bl, Was! = Saute BMG. RO, DENG RO 310
Ge MEADS es 46. to is. ps coh A 311
baldshuanica B. Fedtsch.. .... . 290
banaticomlankani@ave hen. x 2. .. - 294
Beauverdiana C. K. Schn. . .... 289
x var. typica C. K. Sch.. 289
BS » SteveniC.K.Schn.. 289
Beauverdiana Hulten. ....... 288
betulifoliasballigeaiy. Weare. 6s oss 288
s var. nanella Kom... . . 289
; » typica Maxim... .. 288
< S. Beauverdiana C. K.

Schnynsey. Me os we 289
chamaedryfolia Cham. et Schlecht. . 289
Fe F. Schmidt... .. . 293
chamaedryfolia, igen! s 2s es 291
es var. flexuosa Korsh. . 293
s » Uulmifolia Korsh.. 293
chamaedryfolia Ldb.. ....... 294
i Maxim, +- «<:)., Sie 292
‘i var. flexuosa Maxim. . 291
‘ » ulmifolia Maxim.. 291
confusa Rgl. et Koern.. ...... 293
He Var. SEriceaykglvenen Gees 297
‘ a subglabraRgl.. .... 294
crenatay lis aelec. ae <6 «cee see, Pe 301
» f capitata Maxim). .0. 2)% 302
crenata Mert. ...... ste - 289
po» oPallso.38 2 eee: ers 303
» var. sublobata Rgl. et Herd.. 302
crenijolias ©. A.M. .deueen See 301
4 Relist. skeet es Sees 299
~ var. capitata Trautv. . .. 301
» » integrifolia Rgl. . . . 302

5 » FPallasii f. puberula
Litw. « ... 301

‘ _ 93 f. glabrata
Litw. - 301
;, f. glaberrima Korsh.. 301
- a. Pallasiana Maxim.. 301
‘9 ®. capitata Maxim. . 301
dahurica; (Maxim: +2. -» «tse Bee 297
decumbens Koch. ......... 290
elegans A. Pojark:. ....:... 293
» XS. ussuriensis A. Pojark.. 293
ferganensis A. Pojark. ....... 303
flexuolayFisch.WWire teen. a. 105, « 291
sg var. latifolia Fisch. - 292
grandifloraMboddseyia te. «2 aw 287
” Smith Crews 2. Se 315

Haqueti Fenzl et Koch ....... 290
humilis’ A; Polarkseata, <0 oltsi se cvss 287
Aupehensis,Rehd..« «.<. . +.» - 303
hypericifolia Kar. et Kir... ... 302
hypericifoliawla ue clue seve RSIS) elas 303
“ var. acutifolia Dipp.. . 303

55 » heterophylla Somm.
6b: Leva. + arsine 303
» obovata Zinserl. . . 303
‘i » thalictroides Ldb. . 305
A » turkestanica Ldb. . 303
A morpha suba/pina Zinser]. 304
2 a. latifolia Ldb.. . . - 301
~ 6. longifolia Ldb. . . . 301
x v. brevifolia Ldb. . 303
a 8. Plukenetiana Ser. . . 303
a Vs (acuta Sergi) con leiie 303
ee a. uralensis Ser. . 301
- «. Sawranic Ser. ... 301
a £. Besseriana Ser. 301
” xi Sitcrenata Le. 304
hypericifalia Turcz: 03). aie vaiiebie a 305
Naeutsatan aul uct salen islien: 306
FS var. tianschanica Krassn. . 309
dastacarmaw branches ia 8) elie issn « 303
lasiocarpa Kar. et Kir... . ..... 302
latifatia, Borkhuie.s «Gaeta so) us 287
Lauchean Koehne......... 301
lucida Dough. mien c cise! Sit meine 289
Media SC Midbarcsss «lett sies sh- «ue 294
media Kom. et Aliss. . ...... 297
» var. sericea C. K. Schn. . . . 297
= MES crenata wey aavell <li <n. 297
mongolica Maxim. . ©) os. «ej su. % 301
Ohovatay Grosshy <aweueyahaihe: lia) 304
. Whe ti cotentetirans attire cc) sen 303
oblongifolia Ldb.ieyiiiah« « 6) 5 5s 301
‘3 Rel&eteklerdcucuu.) <<. 1 299
BS NRBet Kerem: hal tar fa nal ce 294
Gr? Ile, SG, Gun a Gla ore 283
AY YCUIMAOUA Ung B feo ao daa a ojon c 280
PallasimG wong we Lelie ise sie S15
pPanicubata: otrlarw elie 1. ole)! =) 310
pikoviensis) Bessy jess. - <5 6 « 297
Pilosay branch. iia ciies aikenionte aenP since 300
pinnate, Moench) ia, <.. SNe EmOneles 313
pubescens, UrcZacy\ sj cwienjate uel ial 301
Salicifoliatl:. A, wisicivstaa< re oe 8) sie 286
i var. alpestris Pall. oOo) Asi)
Z » grandiflora C. Koch . 287
= a ftoMmay ORANG s Rie) «ay 286
.. «. lanceolata Maxim. . . . 286
- 8. alpestris Maxim. . 286

Saxatilis, Turcz. ¢< i istieitiai olisuienieite 294
sawranica Bess. . - - «0s ss 0's 301
sericea Turcz. «(2 6 ‘\%e) 0) s)eie. ene 297
sericea Turcz. XS. media Schmidt . 297
Schrenkiana Fisch. et Mey. . 316
sorbifolia L. ore orc. my oe 313

ee var alpina Pall. ..... 315
Steveni Rydb.. « 2 ee ee ewe 289
thalictroides)Pall.:. \« ys « (cuenta wemne 305
tianschanica A. Pojark.. . .... 299
trilobatay Liv stistehh. dasyeths Mein ieialmemne 299

i var. pubescens Rgl. ... -« 300
ulmifolia Nakai ..\<.. us) saris nani 292

"i Scope «s+ csthaitsh anomie 291
ussuriensis A. Pojark. . ... 2 « s« 292
Spiraeaceae Dumort. .....+ ++. 281
Spiraeanthus Maxim. ......... 316
Schrenkianus (Fisch. et Mey.) Maxim. 316
Spiraeoideae Agardh., Subfamily... 281
Spiraria Ser.,, SECtiOn. . «Akin ake 286
Sycopsis sinensis Oliv... .....- 272
Telephium S. T. Gray, section. ... 53
Tillaea Le wed ies iss ey 2 3 11
alata. Vivo «cu sss « sp a heieeh ain 12
aquatica Li.) .. <<). <4. gin ee 12
aquatica Lamoiel s)iia\ «ieee 11
cadespicosmi NOUN =| )-U/ai ils) ies 97
prostrata Schkuhr . . . .. +. > 12
TUBA, Lis = wisi ce 6, 80 kes OAS 97
saginoides Maxim... . . - . «+> 11
simplex Nuttal. ... . (aici) tines 12
trichopoda Fenzl. . . «++. +++ > 12
Vaillantii Willdaie ciykvecy < 9) sees 11
Tillaeastrum aquaticum Britton 12
V stllantit Britton seco.) « «ees ll
Torminaria DC., section. ...... 405
Trachyphyllum Gaudin, section. . . . 180
Trid ctylites annu Haw.....-+.- 165
Tridactylites Haw. section. ..... 165
Tuberaria A. Bor., section. ..... 105
Ulmaria aruncus HiJlk .......- 310
Umbilicoides Fréd., group. . .... - 127
Umbilicus, DCv 0...) 0.0) «) lee eae 13
affinis Schrenk . .-. ss 2s 85
alpestris Kar. et Kir, . ... 2... 129
denticulatus Turezx) 2 68s) Jes 113
elymaiticus Boiss. et Hausskn. . . . 121
(Orostachys) erubescens Max'm.. . . Ill
fimbriatus: Turcz., «. a. sits sites eee 113
glaber Rgl. et Winkler. . ..... 124
leucanthus Ldb. . . .9c:6 8 © science 112

414

libanoticus var. Steudelii Boiss.. . . 120 radici{lorus Steud, «2,6 «1 .s * 2 > 120
WA CURIE ireousiaeleicinelic, erkecnsuie te 102 ramosissimus Maxim. ....... 113
linearifolius Franchet ......% 28 Semenovii Rgl. .... « A 28
linifolius Ost.-Sack. et Rupr. 28 Semperuruum W)C, civie s) afs ejten spas 119
malacophyllus DC. ........ 110 SDIMOSUST IO Gs ial al eve aie) aul Oar hnces 111
multicaulis Boiss. et Buhse. . . . .« 106 Stings Ilely Ao606.5 0 Gb 66.6 110
pppositifolius Ldb.- 2 2 3 3. 2). 14 DSLEUETELMUC Deiter Goiitoll lai je}) la3) se ony rite ts 101
paniculatus Rgl. et Schmalh.. .. . 123 subspicatus Freyn. et Sint... .. . 126
WIETSICUSYBGISS.) ots Aalesv is sr ofits 120 subulatisebdoaesweyhd 5) 66's (6! «: 84
platyphyllus Boiss... ..... 123, 131 thyrstslorins Cains Meters) ol (elites) 112
Pr Schrenk « jsiieu ec ahpoteen 131 turkestanicus Rgl. et Winkl. . . . . 127

Pagescens) db.) ss) le > ie hs) 2!) | s 117
131 | Xanthizoon Griseb., section ..... 186

pulvinatus Ost.-Sack. et Rupr... .

415

VEGETATION REGIONS OF THE USSR

Abbreviated name Full name
i ArcLic
Lo Are are Is. 4s Arctic (European part)
2 NGG SPS re ct ae Novaya Zemlya
3: Are Sih ek Sat See Arctic (Siberia)
4 Chak roe. Sere Vs tek Chukchi
5 Ama ees Coen to eee Anadyr

Gs har Sans py Woe <tc 5 ene Karelia- Lapland
0. SB SPCCR Cig Reece. =, <8 Dvina-Pechora
Se ee la aa yes = Baltic States

ae 2 es Or er Ladoga-Il'men
OE BRIO S58 oo ok eg Sep (sg a Upper Volga

aie VESROMa . o.cusdeia «wep Volga-Kama
SEIN Sl occ ny Re cips, a eel Sy See Upper Dnieper
Bee Wc: oS ahs dow veer Middle Dnieper
ACN SDOWGr 2 a Shee & See Volga-Don

pepe RSS 5 Fey eens es DE Transvolga area
PGE AU SEAS Wet ele ee es Sint! 3 Upper Dniester
PRESS S55 ch cnc Hook) tee Bessarabia

ee UE, con F tees oe Black Sea area
1S Wg Gos or Oe Crimea

Be HOR ks af cle oR Lower Don
eer eet Beceem ey AS RS he Lower Volga

Ill. Caucasus

Tay OE SS a ie oe ne oS a8 Ciscaucasia
Pe OS es i acs. cK Dagestan
Da mWeEReEANSE.) oo 3 sec c a ek Western Transcaucasia
ABP VANS G6 Aiko os vec) se Eastern Transcaucasia
BG. Home onSe x. osolk bid ce OES Southern Transcaucasia
PARES AER cs Sc rac ¥e ey yk ews OS Talysh
IV. West Siberia
2s aa © 7 © aS le ea aa pe mae se Ob region (from the eastern slopes of
the Urals to the Yenisei River)
r+: Pia 8 hd a eae Ss Upper Tobol
3 BA By AR SER ce Ae Irtysh
91 ee a en es AT nae Altai

416

V.

VI.

Vil

. Med.

East Siberia

32. Yenis. saat

Son lena Kole
34. Ang.-Say.
Soe Dat

36. Kamch.
Bile Olsh:
Sy Zoo 1B
35 Welk
40. Uss.
41. Sakh.

6) ce, ey ie) 8) ce te) a) el

ee cer eo > je, ie) by ier oe

Che SCO CeO On 4

Bo cen “ot! fe} | fej fajigat Pel te) Fe

0: fwd apte} tel we? co tie Ve) Xe

Soviet Central Asia

Pee. -Casp.

43. Balkh. Hee
44>) Dz Warbr

45. Kyz.K.
46. Kara K.

AT’. IMitial, Wintel igal,
AR Nigar IDS 75.
AQW Soe ® Saree

502) Pam.-Al.

S11 ae Cnet) ae te

ny Keres Gel See) jenn) | eae

Oo). Ko: ely hey ies ia) fe:

my wy Mie sora Be nei ar Ferpia) se)

ae sh el: eh hepgi ey wy se Ha)

6; Sie Were. 0 \ em (en es) (e,{s fet fe:

Yenisei
Lena-Kolyma

Angara River-Sayans
Dauria

Kamchatka
Okhotsk

Zeya- Bureya
Uda River area
Ussuri
Sakhalin

Aral-Caspian

Lake Balkhash area
Dzungaria-Tarbagatai

Kyzyl-Kum

Kara-Kum

Mountainous part of Turkmenistan
Amu Darya

Syr Darya

Pamir -Alai

Tien Shan

Accepted Regions for Indication of General Distribution of
Species Appearing in ''Flora of the U.S.S.R."

Scand.

Bal.-As. Min.
Arm.-Kurd:

ee © «@

O So ee Cero

CLOT OR FCh tie oe CH

Ceca uty) Cher ber ere at |

ai Yalse 6) Asi) ie tel jel (site

Arctic (Spitsbergen, Greenland and
farther)

Scandinavia (Norway, Denmark,
Sweden, Finland)

Central Europe (Germany, Poland,
Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Austria,
Switzerland)

Atlantic Europe (Netherlands,
Belgium, England, France, Portugal)

Mediterranean (including North
Africa)

Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor

Lesser Armenia and Kurdistan

Iran and Afghanistan

India and Himalayas

[Dzungaria-Kashgar area] Eastern
or Chinese Turkestan (Sinkiang)

Mongolia

NCU Aapes Chay Fae ae Sees Japan and China

SELIUS SBC cv ceca teh teat seb aie yee sane North American coast of the Bering
Sea

SEE SNRs ane co te iia North America (U.S. A. and Canada)

NCURSES 1 ieee eRe eee teae «Scere Tibet

Other Geographical Abbreviations

NI ee eae een oA io) pare ety. 5.0 Africa
WAagSt - cena eae so eet, Rika Wane Australia
EMBERS oc Coa Rurtroe. 6s ete On ones ea Central

is en Sons cae he East(ern)
Gro es bees Sea we 6 Bee oA Great, Greater
| ae Ree iar COEaRy. omer aS mre eu Suc Island

[IS ER RN ae RMS. GR resid: Cetera nace S Islands
NCAR ee ce OO herecE Go Oo eome old “oc Mount
INEES og Bigec se: ciency ren cunsan cue career Mountains
IN a eto tae er a ee a North(ern)
TE ae ac cin. ga cachite ap Vc 7 es ie: dea oes ecg River

Se RR ose eeepc Ce eee South( ern)
Wick wate: Pee RN, 2 lcs ie ees West(ern)

TRANSLATOR'S NOTE

1. The Russian term ''Srednyaya Aziya'' is, in English, Central Asia
(or Soviet Central Asia). Therefore the term Middle Asia has been used
for Russian ''Tsentral'naya Aziya,'' which is non-Soviet inner Asia,
comprising western China (Sinkiang and Tibet) and Mongolia.

2. According to Russian usage, the European part of the USSR is
"eastern Europe.'' Therefore 'western Europe’' includes the whole of
Europe outside the USSR.

418

EXPLANATORY LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS OF RUSSIAN
INSTITUTIONS AND PERIODICALS APPEARING

Abbreviation

BIN SSSR

Bot. -geogr.
issled. v Turkest.

Bot. Mat. Gerb.
Bot. inst. AN
SSSR

Bot. Mat. Gerb.
Gl. Bot. Sada

Bot. zap. SPb.
univ.

Bot. zhurn. SSSR

Byull. Glavn. Bot.
Sada

Byull. Obshch.
lyubit. estest-
vozn., antrop. i
etnogr.

Byull. Voronezh.
obshch. estestv.

Dendr.
Der. i kust.
Der. i kust. Kavk.

Dikie polezn. i
tekhnich. raste-
niya SSSR

Dikorastushchie
r. Kavkaza, ikh
rasprostranenie,
svoistva i pri-
menenie

IN THIS TEXT
Full name (transliterated)

Botanicheskii Institut Akade-
mii Nauk SSSR

Botaniko-geograficheskie
issledovaniya v Turkestane

Botanicheskie Materialy
Gerbariya Botanicheskogo
Instituta AN SSSR

Botanicheskie Materialy
Gerbariya Glavnogo
Botanicheskogo Sada

Botanicheskie zapiski
Sankt-Peterburgskogo
universiteta

Botanicheskii zhurnal
SSSR

Byulleten' Glavnogo
Botanicheskogo Sada

Byulleten' Obshchestva

lyubitelei estestvoznaniya,
antropologii i etnografii

Byulleten' Voronezhskogo
obshchestva estestvo-
ispytatelei

Dendrarii

Derev'ya i kustarniki

Derev'ya i kustarniki
Kavkaza

Dikie poleznye i tekhni-
cheskie rasteniya SSSR

Dikorastushchie raste-
niya Kavkaza, ikh ras-
prostranenie, svoistva
i primenenie

419

Translation

Botanical Institute of the
Academy of Sciences of the
USSR

Botanical and Geographical
Investigations in Turkestan

Botanical Materials of the
Herbarium of the Botanical
Institute of the Academy of
Sciences of the USSR

Botanical Materials of the
Herbarium of the Main
Botanical Gardens

Botanical Notes of St.
Petersburg University

Botanical Journal of the
USSR

Bulletin of the Main
Botanical Gardens

Bulletin of the Naturalists’,
Anthropologists' and
Ethnographers!' Society

Bulletin of the Voronezh
Society of Naturalists

Arboretum

Trees and Shrubs

Trees and Shrubs of the
Caucasus

Useful Wild Plants and
Industrial Crops of the
USSR

Wild Plants of the Caucasus,
Their Distribution,
Properties and Uses

Dokl. AN Azerb.
SSR

ibe

Fl. Abkh.

Fl. Almat.
zapovedn.

En eeACite

Fl. Alt.
gub.

Fl. Az. Ross.

Fl. Evrop. Rossii

Fl. Gruzii

Fl. Kamch.

Fl. Kavk.

Fl. Man'chzh.

Fl. Mosk. gub.

i Tomsk.

Fl. Sev. Kraya

Fl. Sakh.

Eur Sulloy.

IDL, Silos a IDEU Fag
Vost.

Fl.Sr. Ross.

Fl. Talysh.

Fl. Tsentr.
Kazakhst.

Fl. Vost. Evr.
Ross.

Fl. Yugo-Vost.

Fl. Yugo-zap.
Ross.

ILS NBlieS OOF SSieyole)

Fl. Zap. Sib.

Gerb. donsk. fl.

Gerb. Orlovsk.
gub.

Gerb. Ukr. fl.

GRE
Ill. Fl. Mosk. gub.

Izv. AN SSSR
Izv. Bot. Sada

Izv: Bot. Sada
Petra Vel.

Doklady Akademii Nauk
Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR

Flora

Flora Abkhazii

Flora Alma-Atinskogo
zapovednika

Flora Altaya

Flora Altaiskoi i
Tomskoi gubernii

Flora Aziatskoi Rossii

Flora Evropeiskoi Rossii

Flora Gruzii

Flora Kamchatki

Flora Kavkaza

Flora Man'chzhurii

Flora Moskovskoi
gubernii

Flora Severnogo Kraya

Flora Sakhalina

Flora Sibiri

Flora Sibiri i Dal'nego
Vostoka

Flora srednei Rossii

Flora Talysha

Flora Tsentral'nogo
Kazakhstana

Flora Vostochnoi Evropeis-
koi Rossii

Flora Yugo-Vostoka

Flora Yugo-zapadnoi Rossii

Flora Yur'evskogo botani-
cheskogo sada

Flora Zapadnoi Sibiri

Gerbarii donskoi flory

Gerbarii Orlovskoi
gubernii

Gerbarii Ukrainskoi
flory

Gerbarii Russkoi Flory

Illyustrirovannaya Flora
Moskovskoi gubernii

Izvestiya AN SSSR

Izvestiya Botanicheskogo
Sada

Izvestiya Botanicheskogo
Sada Petra Velikogo

420

Reports of the Academy of
Sciences of the Azerbaijan
SSR

Flora

Abkhazian Flora

Flora of the Alma-Ata
Reserve

Altai Flora

Flora of Altai and Tomsk
Provinces

Flora of Asiatic Russia

Flora of European Russia

Georgian Flora

Kamchatkan Flora

Caucasian Flora

Manchurian Flora

Flora of Moscow Province

Flora of the Northern
Territory

Flora of Sakhalin

Siberian Flora

Flora of Siberia and
the Far East

Flora of Central Russia

Talysh Flora

Flora of Central Kazakh-
stan

Flora of Eastern European
Russia

Flora of the Southeast

Flora of Southwest Russia

Flora of Yur'ev Botanical
Garden

Flora of West Siberia

Herbarium of Don Flora

Herbarium of Orel Province

Herbarium of Ukrainian
Flora

Herbarium of Russian Flora

Illustrated Flora of Moscow
Province

Bulletin of the Academy of
Sciences of the USSR °

Bulletin of the Botanical
Gardens

Bulletin of Peter the Great
Botanical Gardens

Izv. Gl. Bot. Sada
Izv. Kavk. Muzeya

Izv. Kazakhst.
fil. AN SSSR

Izv. Kievsk. Bot.
Sada

Izv. Obshch. (O-va)
lyubit. estest-
vozn., antrop.
i-etnogr.

Izv. Tadzhik.
Bazy AN SSSR

Konsp. rast. okr.
Khar'kova

Korm. rast.
Estestv. senoko-
SOV i pastb.
SSSR

Lesn. zhurn.

Mal. opred. rast.
D. Vost.

Mat. (dlya) Fl.
Kavk.

Mat. (dlya) fl.
Sredn. Azii

Nov. obozr.

Ob. rast. Kievsk.
uch. okr.

Ochwobozis: deh).
Karpat

Ochercks arid fly.

Opis. Amur. obl.

Opiseist. razv- fl:
vost. Tyan! -
Shanya

Opis. nov. rast.
‘[Mibhialies

Opis. nov. vidov

Opred.der.i
kust.

Opred. rast.
Dal'nevost.kr.

Opred. rast. Kavk.

Izvestiya Glavnogo Bota-
nicheskogo Sada

Izvestiya Kavkazskogo
Muzeya

Izvestiya Kazakhstan-
skogo Filiala Akademii
Nauk SSSR

Izvestiya Kievskogo
Botanicheskogo Sada

Izvestiya Obshchestva
lyubitelei estestvo-
znaniya, antropologii i
etnografii

Izvestiya Tadzhikskoi
Bazy Akademii Nauk
SSSR

Konspekt rastenii okruga
Khar'kova

Kormovye rasteniya
estestvennykh senokosov
i pastbishch SSSR

Lesnoi zhurnal

Malyi opredelitel' rastenii
Dal'nego Vostoka

Materialy dlya Flory
Kavkaza

Materialy dlya flory
Srednei Azii

Novoe obozrenie

Obzor rastitel'nosti Kiev-
skogo uchebnogo okruga

Ocherki rastitel'nosti i
flory Karpat

Ocherki Tiflisskoi flory

Opisanie Amurskoi oblasti

Opisanie istorii razvitiya
flory vostochnogo
Tyan'-Shanya

Opisanie novykh rastenii
Turkestana

Opisanie novykh vidov

Opredelitel' derev'ev i
kustarnikov

Opredelitel' rastenii
Dal'nevostochnogo
Kraya

Opredelitel' rastenii
Kavkaza

421

Bulletin of the Main Botani-
cal Gardens

Bulletin of the Caucasian
Museum

Bulletin of the Kazakhstan
Branch of the Academy of
Sciences of the USSR

Bulletin of the Kiev Botan-
ical Gardens

Bulletin of the Naturalists’,
Anthropologists' and
Ethnographers! Society

Bulletin of the Tadzhikistan
Base of the Academy of
Sciences of the USSR

Compendium of Plants of
Kharkov District

Fodder Plants of Natural
Hay Meadows and
Pastures of the USSR

Forestry Journal

Small Key to Plants of the
Far East

Materials on Caucasian
Flora

Materials on Soviet Central
Asia Flora

New Review

Survey of Vegetation in the
Kiev Educational District

Survey of Carpathian
Vegetation and Flora

Survey of Tiflis [Tbilisi]
Flora

Description of the Amur
Region

Description of the History
of the Development of
Flora of Eastern Tien Shan

Description of New Plants
of Turkestan

Description of New Species

Key to Trees and Shrubs

Key to Plants of the Far
Eastern Territory

Key to Caucasian Plants

Opred. vyssh.
rast.

Opred. (vyssh. )
rasten. Evrop.
chasti SSSR

Opyt razvit. Fl.
Zap. Tyan'-
Shanya

Perech. rast:
pb tral es

Poch. eksped. v
bass. r. Syr-
Dar'i i Amu-
Dar'i

Putesh.

Rast. i fl. Karp.

Rast. letn. pastb.
Gandzh.

Rast. res. Turkm.

Rast. resursy
Kavkaza

Rast. Sib.

Rast. Sr. Az.

Rast. Zakasp.
obl.

Rast. Zap. Kopet-
daga

Rastit. Kavk.

Rastit. pokrov.
vost. Pamira

Rastit. syr'e
Kazakhst.

Rastit. zapovedn.
Guralash i
Zaaminks. lesn.
ugodii

Rezul't. dvukh
puteshestv. na
Kavk.

Russk. Fl.

Russk. lek. rast.

Sb. nauchn.tr. Bot.

o-va Arm.SSR
i Arm. fil. Akad.
Nauk

Opredelitel' vysshikh
rastenii

Opredelitel' (vysshikh)
rastenii Evropeiskoi
chasti SSSR

Opyt razvitiya Flory Za-
padnogo Tyan'-Shanya

Perechen!' rastenii
Turkmenii

Pochvennaya ekspeditsiya
v basseiny rek Syr-Dar'i
i Amu-Dar'i

Puteshestviya
Rasteniya i flora Karpat

Rasteniya letnikh
pastbishch Gandzhi

Rastitel'nye resursy
Turkmenii

Rastitel'nye resursy
Kavkaza

Rastitel'nost! Sibiri

Rastitel'nost' Srednei Azii

Rastitel'nost'
oblasti

Rastitel'nost'
Kopet-daga

Rastitel'nost' Kavkaza

Rastitel'nyi pokrov
vostochnogo Pamira

Rastitel'noe syr'e
Kazakhstana

Rastitel'nost' zapovednika
Guralash i Zaaminskikh
lesnykh ugodii

Zakaspiiskoi

Zapadnogo

Rezul'taty dvukh
puteshestvii na
Kavkaz

Russkaya Flora

Russkie lekarstvennye
rasteniya

Sbornik nauchnykh trudov
Botanicheskogo obshchestva
Armyanskoi SSR i Armyan-
skogo Filiala Akademii
Nauk

Key to Higher Plants

Key to Higher Plants of the
the European USSR

Experiments in Development
of the Flora of Western
Tien Shan

List of Turkmenian Plants

Soil Science Expedition
to the Syr-Darya and
Amu-Darya River Basins

Travels

Plants and Flora of the
Carpathians

Vegetation of Gandzha
[now Kirovabad]
Summer Pastures

Plant Resources of
Turkmenia

Plant Resources of the
Caucasus

Vegetation of Siberia

Vegetation of Soviet
Central Asia

Vegetation of the Trans-
caspian Region

Vegetation of Western Kopet
Dagh

Vegetation of the Caucasus

Plant Cover of the Eastern
Pamirs

Plant Resources of
Kazakhstan

Vegetation of Guralash
Reserve and Zaamin
Forest Lands

Results of Two Travels to
the Caucasus

Russian Flora
Russian Medicinal Plants

Collection of Scientific
Works of the Armenian
Botanical Society and the
Armenian Branch ofthe
Academy of Sciences

Sbor, sushka i
raz. lek. rast.

Sorn. rast. SSSR

Sov. Bot.

Sp. rast. vost.
Tyan'-Shanya

Spis. rast.

Tae Arem. fil);
Akad. Nauk

Tr. Bot. inst. AN
SSSR

ices Oteoadal

ieee Ot oada:
Yur'evsk. Univ.

Tr. Byuro prikl.
Bot.

Tr. Dal'nevost.
bazy AN SSSR

Tr. Inst. nov. lub.
syr'ya

Tr. Khar'k. O-va
’Estestv.

Tr. Nauk. -Doslid.
Inst. Bot. Khar.
Derzh. Univ.

Tr. Obshch. isp.
prir. Khark'k.
univ.

Tr. Obshch. sadov.

v Odesse

Tr.Odessk.obshch.

sadov

Tr. Odessk. otd. R.

obshch. sadov.

Tr. Peterb.
obshch. estest-
voisp.

Sbor, sushka i razvitie
lekarstvennykh rastenii

Sornye rasteniya SSSR

Sovetskaya Botanika

Spisok rastenii vostoch-
nogo Tyan'-Shanya

Spisok rastenii

Trudy Armyanskogo
Filiala Akademii Nauk

Trudy Botanicheskogo
Instituta AN SSSR

Trudy Botanicheskogo
Sada

Trudy Botanicheskogo

Sada Yur'evskogo
Universiteta

Trudy Byuro po prikladnoi
botanike

Trudy Dal'nevostochnoi
bazy AN SSSR

Trudy Instituta novogo
lubyanogo syr'ya

Trudy Khar'kovskogo
Obshchestva Estest-
voispytatelei

Trudy naukovo-doslidnoho
instytutu botaniky
Kharkivs'koho Derzhav-
noho Universytetu

Trudy Obshchestva
ispytatelei prirody
Khar'kovskogo
universiteta

Trudy obshchestva sado-
vodov v Odesse

Trudy Odesskogo obshchest-
va sadovodov

Trudy Odesskogo otdeleniya
Rossiiskogo obshchestva
sadovodov

Trudy Peterburgskogo
obshchestva
estestvoispytatelei

423

Gathering, Drying and
Development of Medicinal
Plants

Weed Plants of the USSR

Soviet Botany

List of Plants of Eastern
Tien Shan

List of Plants

Transactions of the
Armenian Branch of the
Academy of Sciences

Transactions of the Botani-
cal Institute of the Aca-
demy of Sciences of the
USSR

Transactions of the
Botanical Gardens

Transactions ofthe Botani-
cal Gardens of Yur'ev
[now Tartu] University

Transactions of the Bureau
of Applied Botany

Transactions of the Far
Eastern Base of the
Academy of Sciences of
the USSR

Transactions of the
Institute of New Fiber
Raw Materials

Transactions of the Kharkov
Naturalists' Society

Transactions of the
Botanical Research
Institute of the Kharkov
State University

Transactions of the Natural-
ists' Society of Kharkov
University

Transactions of the Odessa
Horticulturists' Society

Transactions of Odessa
Horticulturists' Society

Transactions of Odessa
Branch of the Russian
Horticulturists' Society

Transactions of St.
Petersburg Naturalists'
Society

Tr. pochv. -bot.
eksp.issled. Az.
Rossii

in pooch. bei.
eksp. Peresl.
upr.

Tr. po geobot.
obsled. pastb.
Azerb.

TRapwcilksdls bot.
(gen.i sel. )

Tr. Ross. Obshch.
sadov.
Tr. SAGU

ARIS SE NSENEG
obshch. estest-
voisp.

Tr. Sib. Eksped.

Tr. Sil'sko=
gospod. komit.
bot.

iP OL bDeOoshelar
estestv.

Tr. Tadzh. bazy
AN SSSR

ANOS ABloneLS loxowthe
inst.

Aig. Wonulls (reels)
bot. sada

Tr. Droitsko-sav-
sko-Kyakht. Otd.
ReaGeOx

Tr. Turkmensk.
bot. sada

ihe. urkenauwchin.
obshch.

Vest. Akad. Nauk
(or AN)
Kazakhsk. SSR

Trudy pochvenno-botani-
cheskoi ekspeditsii po
issledovaniyu Aziat-
skoi Rossii

Trudy pochvenno-
botanicheskoi ekspeditsii
Pereslavskogo uprav-
leniya

Trudy po geobotanicheskim
obsledovaniyam past-
bishch Azerbaidzhana

Trudy po prikladnoi
botanike, genetike i
selektsii

Trudy Rossiiskogo
obshchestva sadovodov

Trudy Sredneaziatskogo
Gosudarstvennogo
Universiteta

Trudy Saratovskogo
obshchestva estest-
voispytatelei

Trudy Sibirskoi Ekspeditsii

Trudy sil'skohospodar' -
skoho komiteta botaniky

Trudy Sankt-Peterburg-
skogo obshchestva
estestvoispytatelei

Trudy Tadzhikskoi bazy
AN SSSR

Trudy Tbilisskogo botani-
cheskogo instituta

Trudy Tbilisskogo
(Tiflisskogo) botaniche-
skogo sada

Trudy Troitsko-Savsko-
Kyakhtinskogo Otdeleniya

Russkogo Geograficheskogo

Obshchestva
Trudy Turkmenskogo
botanicheskogo sada

Trudy Turkmenskogo
nauchnogo obshchestva

Vestnik Akademii Nauk
Kazakhskoi SSR

424

Transactions of the Soil-

Botanical Expedition on the

Exploration of Asiatic
Russia

Transactions of the Soil-
Botanical Expedition of
Pereslavl' Administration

Transactions of Geobot-
anical Investigations
of Azerbaijan SSR
Pastures

Transactions of Applied
Botany, Genetics and
Selection

Transactions of the Russian
Horticulturists' Society

Transactions of the Soviet
Central Asian State
University

Transactions of the Saratov
Naturalists' Society

Transactions of the Siberian
Expedition

Transactions of the Botani-
cal Agricultural
Committee

Transactions of the
St. Petersburg Naturalists'
Society

Transactions of the
Tadzhikistan Base of the
Academy of Sciences of
the USSR

Transactions of Tbilisi
Botanical Institute

Transactions of the Tbilisi
(Tiflis) Botanical Gardens

Transactions of the Troits-
ko-Savsk-Kyakhta Branch
of the Russian Geographical
Society

Transactions of the
Turkmenian Botanical
Gardens

Transactions of the
Turkmenian Scientific
Society

Bulletin of the Academy of
Sciences of the Kazakh
SSR

\

Vestn. estestv.
nauk

Vestn. Ross.
Obshch. sadov

Vest. Tifl. bot.
sada

Visn. Kyyivsk.
bot. sadu

Vestnik estestvennykh
nauk

Vestnik Rossiiskogo
obshchestva sadovodov

Vestnik Tiflisskogo
botanicheskogo sada

Visnyk Kyyivs'koho
Botanichnoho Sadu

Vizn. (or Vznachn. )Viznachnyk roslyn URSR

rosl. URSR

V obl. polupustyni

Vved. v izuch.
rast. Yakutiil

Vved.vo FI.
Yakut.

Yadov. rast. lugov
i pastb.

Zam. po sist.i
geogr.rast.
bu botoinst.

Zam. po fl. El't.
Zap. Gos. Nikitsk.
Op. Bot. Sada

Zap. Kievsk.
Obshch. Estestv.

Zap.novoross.
obshch. Estestv.

Zap. R.G.O-va
(Russk. geogr.
obshch. )

Zhurn. Bot.
obshch.

Zhurn. opytn.
agron. Yugo-Vost.

V oblasti polupustyni

Vvedenie v izuchenie rasti-
tel'nosti Yakutii

Vvedenie vo floru Yakutii

Yadovitye rasteniya lugov
i pastbishch

Zametki po sistematike
i geografii rastenii
Tbilisskogo botaniche-
skogo instituta

Zametki po flore El'tona

Zapiski Gosudarstvennogo
Nikitskogo Opytnogo
Botanicheskogo Sada

Zapiski Kievskogo obshche-
stva estestvoispytatelei

Zapiski Novorossiiskogo
obshchestva estestvoispy-
tatelei

Zapiski Russkogo Geo-
graficheskogo Obshchestva

Zhurnal Botanicheskogo
obshchestva

Zhurnal opytnoi agronomii
Yugo-Vostoka

425

Bulletin of Natural Sciences

Bulletin of the Russian
Horticulturists' Society
Bulletin of Tiflis Botanical
Gardens

Bulletin of the Kiev
Botanical Gardens

Key to Plants of the
Ukrainian SSR

In the Semidesert Region

Introduction to the Study of
Yakutian Plants

Introduction to the Yakutian
Flora

Poisonous Plants of
Meadows and Pastures

Notes on Taxonomy and
Geography of Plants of the
Tbilisi Botanical Institute

Notes on the Flora of Elton

Reports of the Nikitskii
State Experimental
Botanical Garden

Reports of the Kiev Society
of Naturalists

Reports of the Novorossiisk
Society of Naturalists

Reports of the Russian
Geographical Society

Journal of the Botanical
Society

Journal of Experimental
Agronomy of the Southeast

al Ary Z

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Bk bscaiin Pol oe in bua Ca Wears

res 69 tab vn oe aol ie: pen pen pee
scree alte hy sh ae bare ely hale 1 Ale th
Meith... ane ‘8 hegeabemaege Ng th i R
Hee. yg al ‘tar pie ke orks
‘wrtatee® (ested ety * ey
IS yay gato rer ot ae a oeiterreagieaan "ysis
eS ints vais Harte Sah pea er hh ER 2a aaa a ies Og
sil OnT f 1 POAT AR ac ae ies Pete ‘nigra megse eg Ravalteins
‘heghaane, sett ct eolpautvontel ~ inne wieelotnet W etndiber ty
es RA ree TR ety Bepake bine isilay ails
crialeipely et evita sot te wth, AAA et ov joladibawty. (
attend ie A eS as Blea Reet Deira
FL pends Atkins: euciemtogt Boe - bgidnntinotes oc ohetiiatn
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7088 OO01279b
nhbot OK321.A31 E1962
v. 9 Flora of the U.S.S.R.

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